cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of echocardiography in low birth weight infants with congenital heart disease.

Objective. Echocardiography has been shown to be highly accurate in infants and children, but its accuracy has not been studied in detail in low birth weight (LBW) infants with structural congenital heart disease (CHD). This study was undertaken to examine the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography in the evaluation of CHD in these infants. Methods. All echocardiograms performed between 1995 and 2000 on infants who had structural CHD and weighed ≤2.5 kg were reviewed (n = 251). Infants who weighed >2.5 kg, matched for type of CHD, were control subjects (n = 319). The results of initial echocardiograms were compared for diagnostic accuracy with consensus diagnoses on the basis of all confirmatory data available. An observer who was blinded to patient group graded a sample of randomly selected echocardiograms (n = 100) for technical quality. Results. There were 13 major diagnostic errors in the LBW infants (5.2%) and 6 in the control subjects (1.9%). There were 20 minor errors in the LBW group (8.0%) and 21 in the control subjects (6.6%). The technical quality scores of the 2 groups were not significantly different, but a higher proportion of the LBW studies were graded as “poor” or “borderline” quality, compared with the control subjects (40% vs 28%). The majority (54%) of major errors in the LBW infants could potentially be explained by alterations in blood flow secondary to pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions. Although echocardiography is an accurate imaging modality in premature and LBW infants with structural CHD, the incidence of clinically important diagnostic errors is higher than in infants who weigh >2.5 kg. As surgical and transcatheter interventions are extended to this population, heightened awareness of clinicians to pitfalls of echocardiography in this group of patients is warranted.
Myeloid-Specific Tristetraprolin Deficiency in Mice Results in Extreme Lipopolysaccharide Sensitivity in an Otherwise Minimal Phenotype

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a mRNA-destabilizing protein that binds to AU-rich elements in labile transcripts, such as the mRNA encoding TNF, and promotes their deadenylation and degradation. TTP-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice exhibit an early-onset, severe inflammatory phenotype, with cachexia, erosive arthritis, left-sided cardiac valvulitis, myeloid hyperplasia, and autoimmunity, which can be prevented by injections of anti-TNF Abs, or interbreeding with TNF receptor-deficient mice. To determine whether the excess TNF that causes the TTP KO phenotype is produced by myeloid cells, we performed myeloid-specific disruption of Zfp36, the gene encoding TTP. We documented the lack of TTP expression in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages from the mice, whereas fibroblasts expressed TTP mRNA and protein normally in response to serum. The mice exhibited a minimal phenotype, characterized by slight slowing of weight gain late in the first year of life, compared with the early-onset, severe weight loss and inflammation seen in the TTP KO mice. Instead, the myeloid-specific TTP KO mice were highly and abnormally susceptible to a low-dose LPS challenge, with rapid development of typical endotoxemia signs and extensive organ damage, and elevations of serum TNF levels to 110-fold greater than control. We conclude that myeloid-specific TTP deficiency does not phenocopy complete TTP deficiency in C57BL/6 mice under normal laboratory conditions, implying contributions from other cell types to the complete phenotype. However, myeloid cell TTP plays a critical role in protecting mice against LPS-induced septic shock, primarily through its posttranscriptional regulation of TNF mRNA stability.
Algorithms for handling skew in parallel task scheduling

Presents two new algorithms, the LPT-MinHeight (LPTMH) algorithm and the Split-LPT (SLPT) algorithm, for handling skew in parallel task scheduling. Both algorithms are based on the LPT (Largest Processing Time first) algorithm. The worst case imbalance for the LPTMH algorithm never exceeds 1/(e-1) >
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Behavior of A36 Steel using ASTM Load-Reduction and Compression Precracking Test Methods

Eccentrically-loaded single-edge crack tension, ESE(T), specimens made of A36 structural steel were tested over a wide range in stress ratios (R=0.1 and 0.7) in laboratory air. Two test methods were used: (1) ASTM Standard E647 load-reduction method and (2) compression precracking. After compression precracking (CP), three different loading sequences were used: (1) constant amplitude (CPCA), (2) load reduction (CPLR), and (3) constant stress-intensity factor (CPCK). The crack-compliance method was used to determine that the specimens had no residual stresses; and that the effects of tensile residual stresses from compression precracking dissipated in about 2 compressive plastic-zone sizes. Agreement was found between the A36 and TC-128B steel ΔK-rate data tested at both low and high stress ratio (R) conditions. At R=0.1 loading, the CPCA and CPLR tests generated lower thresholds and faster rates than using the standard ASTM load-reduction method. All load-reduction tests exhibited an accumulation of debris at the crack front near threshold conditions. A crack-closure analysis was preformed to calculate the effective stress-intensity factor range (ΔKeff) against rate using measured 1 % offset (OP1) values for all R=0.1 tests. The ΔKeff-rate data correlated well with the high-R results.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence in a Molecular Beam of Iodine

Argon ion laser passing through iodine molecular beam inducing resonance fluorescence usable for oscillation frequency stabilization of laser
Consistency in crises and responses.

Summary.-154 Ss were asked to describe severe crises in their lives and subsequent responses. Three a priori hypotheses were then tested by a three-way chi-square analysis. Frustration accounted for more than the predicted 5096 of severest crises. Response flexibility rather than the predicted consistency was found, which has implications for personality theory. There was no evidence of consistency in a series of crises. Frustration appears to sensitize people to perceive subsequent crises similarly when, in fact, they may be different. The data suggest that psychotherapy should focus on new perceptions rather than new responses. Caplan (1964) has defined crisis as an inability to master or avoid stress by normal coping mechacisms. A previous study (Pollack, 1971) explored the relationship between Coleman's ( 1964) three types of crises (frustration, conflict, and external pressure) and three types of responses (symbolic substitution, anxiety, and coping). It was found (for both sexes) that frustration, which caused 50% of all crises, most often was met by symbolic substitution, while external pressure produced coping behaviors. A next step would be to study a series of severe crises in an individual's life, to determine if there is consistency in the crises and in the responses. Strickler and LaSor (1970) see the consistency of loss as central to all crises, while Fink (1967) indicates that crises themselves impose a consistent pattern on all individuals, beginning with shock and ending with adaptation. Krop, et al. (1969) found that stress restricted the range of possible responses, leaving the individual less flexible and more stereotyped. In terms of general personality theory, both Millon (1969), who hypothesizes eight behavioral patterns, implying high consistency of response to crisis, and Maddi (1968) who concludes that all personality theories can be reduced to three classes, would seem to imply predictabiliry and consistency in the kinds of experiences one has and in subsequenr responses. Based on the above, the hypotheses of this study then were: (1) Frustration will account for 50% of severest crises reported. (2) Individuals are equally likely to be consistent or inconsistent in a series of experienced crises. (3) Individuals are equally likely to be consistent or inconsistent in their responses to these crises (response style, i.e., choice among Coleman's three types of responses).
Expanding the frontiers of computer science: designing a curriculum to reflect a diverse field

While the discipline of computing has evolved significantly in the past 30 years, Computer Science curricula have not as readily adapted to these changes. In response, we have recently completely redesigned the undergraduate CS curriculum at Stanford University, both modernizing the program as well as highlighting new directions in the field and its multi-disciplinary nature. As we explain in this paper, our restructured major features a streamlined core of foundation courses followed by a depth concentration in a track area as well as additional elective courses. Since its deployment this past year, the new program has proven to be very attractive to students, contributing to an increase of over 40% in the number of CS major declarations. We analyze feedback we received on the program from students, as well as commentary from industrial affiliates and other universities, providing further evidence of the promise this new curriculum holds.
Inactivation of histamine by lung tissue from histamine-sensitive and histamine-resistant mice.

SummaryLung tissue from pertussis-inoculated, histamine-sensitive mice has a reduced ability to destroy histamine as compared with lung tissue from uninoculated, histamine-resistant animals.
Growth of Listeria monocytogenes at different pH values in uncultured whey or whey cultured with Penicillium camemberti

Wheys from making Camembert cheese were either uncultured or cultured with Penicillium camemberti, adjusted to pH 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8, and filter sterilized. Whey samples were inoculat...
Organizational Styles of Homemakers: A Factor Analytic Approach

What do we mean when we speak of the organization of household activities? How do home managers vary in their styles of organization? How can these styles be identified ? The answers to these questions are suggested by research in which a valid and reliable instrument was developed to identify the organizational styles of home managers. Through the use of factor analysis as the statistical procedure, four organizational components, or factors, were identified as sources of variations among home managers and were tentatively named Task Standardization, Task Assignment, Task Regularization, and Task Arrangement. This paper includes a description of the conceptualization and development of the Organizational Activities Index, a discussion of factor analysis as a research tool and means of identifying components of home task organization, and suggestions for further research and use of the Organizational Activities Index.
Local infection and bacteremia from scalp vein needles and polyethylene catheters in children

A prospective 3 month study in a pediatric hospital, comparing infectious complications from intravenous polyethylene catheters and scalp vein needles, demonstrated bacteremia only in association with catheters (8 per cent). The total incidence of local infection from scalp vein needles (8.5 per cent) was significantly less than that with catheters (24 per cent). The incidence of local infection with both scalp vein needles and catheters increased with the duration of use. Pathogenic bacteria were recovered significantly less frequently and nonpathogenic bacteria ("skin contaminants") more frequently from the tips of scalp vein needles than from tips of the catheters. This difference, as well as the shorter duration of use of scalp vein needles, may explain the greater safety of scalp vein needles in comparison to polyethylene catheters. This study re-emphasizes the inherent risk of venous catheterization in children and documents the fact that scalp vein needles present a less hazardous alternative.
Iterated exponentials of two numbers

Abstract Let c⩾0 and let n∈ Z + . The poset An(c) of towers of exponentials of size n of two numbers consists of the set {a, b}n, ordered for w, w′∈{a, b}n by w⩽A w′ if and only if for all values b⩾a⩾c, T(w)⩽T(w′) (as numbers), where for w = w1w2⋯wn, T(w) denotes the tower We explicitly describe the poset An(c) for c = e (it has width two for n⩾3) and for c⩾3.6 (it is a chain under reverse lexicographic order). The posets A3(c) are obtained for all c. Two notable consequences of this study are (i) for all b⩾a⩾0, it is true that bab⩾aba; and (ii) the larger of any two towers of size n in the same two numbers, each at least 3.6, can be determined by reverse lexicographic order, i.e., by comparing the highest place in the towers where they differ.
Sexual activity among psychiatric inpatients: International perspectives

Abstract The idea for this series of articles arose from discussions in the UK about how sexual activity among patients in hospital was dealt with by staff. It emerged that staff were often discomforted when dealing with what was regarded as a problem behaviour. A number of questions arose: what were the attitudes of staff to heterosexual and homosexual relationships and masturbation among inpatients; were heterosexual and homosexual relationships treateddifferendy; was contraceptive and health advice given; was there any official hospital policy on these issues; were patients detained under mental health legislation treated differently? An international perspective was sought by asking specialists from overseas to answer these questions and their replies make up this series of articles The piece from the USA is from a legal perspective and reflects that country's concern for individual rights and the legal process. The articles from Israel and Egypt are similar in that morally strict religious attitudes ...
Fourier transform infrared analysis of evolved gases: determination of activation energies

The use of Fourier transform infrared evolved-gas analysis (FT-IR/EGA) to determine activation energies from the heating rate dependency of the maximum evolution of effluent is demonstrated. The mathematical considerations are similar to those normally applied to differential thermal analysis. The determination of the activation energy is substantiated with dehydration of calcium oxalate monohydrate during pyrolysis; the results are compared with thermogravimetry analysis results, and indicate that the activation energy in the dehydration step in the pyrolysis of calcium oxalate monohydrate is temperature dependent.
Interpolation in Numerical Optimization

The present work discusses the generation of the cubic-spline interpolator in numerical optimization methods which use a variable-step integrator with step size control based on local relative truncation error. An algorithm for generating the cubic spline with successive over-relaxation is presented which represents an improvement over that given by Ralston and Wilf (1967). Rewriting the code reduces the number of N-vectors from eight to one. The algorithm is formulated in such a way that the solution of the linear system set up yields the first derivatives at the nodal points. This method is as accurate as other schemes but requires the minimum amount of storage.
Semiclassical theory for dissipative tunneling through a molecular wire

: The exact semiclassical wavefunction for a tunneling electron, coupled to the degrees of freedom of the host medium, is constructed. As a specific application, the result is used to calculate the tunneling amplitude for the electron interacting with a single vibrational mode of the medium. In agreement with previous numerical studies, the tunneling rate is enhanced due to the interaction—stimulated decrease of the tunneling barrier. Several tunneling regimes can be distinguished, depending on the relationship of vibrational frequency and tunneling time.
Design, preparation and assessment of citrate-linked monosaccharide cellulose conjugates with elastase-lowering activity

Abstract Elastase-sequestering wound dressings were prepared as the fructose and glucose citrate–cellulose conjugates on the cotton fibers of gauze dressings. The modified dressings were designed for chronic wounds, which contain destructively high levels of neutrophil elastase. The design of the modified gauzes was based on anionic citrate-esterified cellulose and the open chain isomers of the hemiketal and hemiacetal of fructose and glucose, which possess partial ketone, and aldehyde functionality as is found in synthetic elastase inhibitors. The cellulose–citrate conjugates of glucose and fructose were prepared on cotton gauze by rapid acid-catalyzed esterification of fibrous cellulose with citric acid as an ester cross-linking agent. The glucose and fructose citrate ester conjugates of cellulose were characterized as both intermolecular ester bonds of citrate-cross-linked cellulose and as citrate esters of glucose and fructose. Glucose and fructose were released from the fabric through hydrolysis of the citrate ester of the monosaccharide and were characterized using high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and a modified Fehling's test. Chromatographic analysis of the hydrolyzed glucose and fructose ester products revealed the cellulose conjugates to be formed at levels of 4 mg of glucose per gram of cotton and 0.9 mg of fructose per gram of cotton. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to detect the citrate-esterified conjugates on the cotton fiber. The modified cotton gauzes containing the monosaccharide ester conjugates and citrate-cross-linked cellulose were compared with untreated gauze for reduction of elastase activity in buffered saline, and in solutions of chronic wound fluid. The monosaccharide and citric acid conjugates of cellulose demonstrate a sequestration effect by extracting elastase from solution. The order of elastase-lowering potency of the monosaccharide–citrate cellulose conjugates in wound fluid was judged to be fructose–citrate>glucose–citrate=citrate. Elastase-lowering activity displayed a linear response over a range of 10–75 mg of gauze samples with the fructose–citrate cellulose conjugate (11.5–0.5 μmol of sugar/unit of elastase activity).
Effect of action potential duration and conduction velocity restitution and their spatial dispersion on alternans and the stability of arrhythmias.

Restitution and Spatial Heterogeneities vs Arrhythmias. Introduction: The slope of the action potential duration (APD) restitution curve has been used to explain wavebreaks during arrhythmia initiation and maintenance. This hypothesis remains incomplete to fully describe the experimental data. Other factors contributing to wavebreaks must be studied to further understand arrhythmia dynamics. Methods and Results: Control APDs were measured from isolated rabbit hearts using a monophasic action potential probe. APD and conduction velocity (CV) restitution were quantie ed over the heart surface for two drugs, diacetyl monoxime (DAM) and cytochalasin D (CytoD), using a dual camera video imaging system. For all pacing intervals: (1) control APDs were shorter than for CytoD but longer than for DAM; and (2) CV was greater for CytoD compared with DAM. APD dispersion increased as pacing interval decreased for both drugs. For DAM, increased dispersion was due to a difference in APD restitution between the right and left ventricle. For CytoD, increased dispersion was due to discordant alternans, with no signie cant spatial variation in restitution. Fibrillation was sustained only in the control hearts; with DAM, stable reentry was sustained with shorter APD and cycle length compared with CytoD for which only nonsustained unstable reentry occurred. Conclusion: Alternans and arrhythmia dynamics are affected by the spatial dispersion of APD restitution as well as CV restitution, not simply the slope of APD restitution. Therefore, a direct link of the APD restitution slope to alternans and arrhythmia dynamics in rabbit heart does not exist. Designing antiarrhythmic drugs to alter only the restitution slope may not be appropriate. (J Cardiovasc Electro
Single nucleotide polymorphism identification in candidate gene systems of obesity.

We have constructed a large panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in 68 candidate genes for obesity. Our panel combines novel SNP identification methods based on EST data, with public SNP data from large-scale genomic sequencing, to produce a total of 218 SNPs in the coding regions of obesity candidate genes, 178 SNPs in untranslated regions, and over 1000 intronic SNPs. These include new non-conservative amino acid changes in thyroid receptor beta, esterase D, acid phosphatase 1. Our data show evidence of negative selection among these polymorphisms implying functional impacts of the non-conservative mutations. Comparison of overlap between SNPs identified independently from EST data vs genomic sequencing indicate that together they may constitute about one half of the actual total number of amino acid polymorphisms in these genes that are common in the human population (defined here as a population allele frequency above 5%). We have analyzed our polymorphism panel to construct a database of detailed information about their location in the gene structure and effect on protein coding, available on the web at http://www.bioinformatics.ucla.edu/snp/obesity. We believe this panel can serve as a valuable new resource for genetic and pharmacogenomic studies of the causes of obesity.
Localization by unilateral BAHA users

Objectives Patients with unilateral hearing loss report difficulty hearing conversation on their impaired side, localizing sound, and understanding of speech in background noise. The bone-anchored cochlear stimulator (BAHA) (Entific, Gothenburg, Sweden) has been shown to improve performance in persons with unilateral severe-profound sensorineural loss (USNHL). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of BAHA in sound localization for USNHL listeners. Study design Prospective study of 12 USNHL subjects, 9 of whom received implants on the poorer hearing side. A control group of 10 normal hearing subjects were assessed for comparison. Localization with and without BAHA was assessed using an array of 8 speakers at head level separated by 45 degrees. Error analysis matrix was generated to evaluate the confusions, accuracy in response, and laterality judgment. Results The average accuracy of speaker localization was 16% in the unaided condition, with no improvement with BAHA use. Laterality judgment was poorer than 43% in both aided and nonaided conditions. Conclusions Patients with UNSNHL had poor sound localization and laterality judgment abilities that did not improve with BAHA use.
Measurement of the heat of fusion of titanium and a titanium alloy (90Ti-6Al-4V) by a microsecond-resolution transient technique

A microsecond-resolution pulse heating technique was used for the measurement of the heat of fusion of titanium and a titanium alloy (90Ti-6Al-4V). The method is based on rapid (50- to 100-μs) resistive self-heating of the specimen by a high-current pulse from a capacitor discharge system and measuring, as functions of time, current through the specimen, voltage across the specimen, and radiance of the specimen. Melting of the specimen is manifested by a plateau in the measured radiance. The time integral of the net power absorbed by the specimen during melting yields the heat of fusion. The values obtained for heat of fusion were 272 J · g−1 (13.0 kJ · mol−1) for titanium and 286 J · g−1 for the alloy 90Ti-6Al-4V, with an estimated maximum uncertainty of ±6% in each value.
Maternal effects of common carp on egg quantity and quality

Maternal reproductive characteristics can play an influential role in fisheries by affecting offspring traits that can persist to influence year-class formation. We evaluated maternal characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a widespread invader that can degrade aquatic ecosystems, to determine the variability of fecundity, egg size and egg energy density. Common carp fecundity increased with female size but was lower than identified in previously published reports. Female length, age, condition, and gonadosomatic index were positively correlated with ovary weight, fecundity, and egg volume, but not egg energy density. Additionally, fecundity was positively correlated with ovary weight and egg volume, but not energy density. Thus, larger and older females in better condition produce more and larger eggs compared to females that are smaller, younger, and in lower condition. These results have implications for understanding common carp reproduction, recruitment dynamics, and management of this spec...
Multispectral detection for gas chromatography

Over the past several years, capillary gas chromatography (GC) with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and/or mass spectral (MS) detection has become the primary analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex mixtures. Because of the wide range of applications, the analytical requirements have motivated several recent chromatographic and detection developments. This review examines those, illustrating with applications that demonstrate the power of GC and multidimensional GC-MS, GC-FT-IR and GC-FT-IR-MS systems for solving a wide variety of analytical problems. Additionally, the article discusses the integrated performance of such analytical systems with the aid of recent sample introduction and computer data analysis technique advances.
Event-based modelling of distributed sensor networks in battery manufacturing

Battery manufacturing systems are characterised by their complex dynamics subject to constant changes caused by technology insertion, engineering modifications, as well as disruption events. To support daily operation, distributed sensors are used to provide real-time data describing the status of each process. Despite the big potential in improving productivity, the advantages of distributed sensor networks are not fully realised for overall system efficiency due to a lack of system-level modelling. Motivated by this need, we develop an event-based modelling (EBM) approach to quantify the systematic impacts of stations and supporting activities with an index called permanent production loss. EBM instantaneously captures the system dynamics using distributed sensor information and provides a severity ranking of stations and supporting activities. We also study the system dynamics of serial production lines with multiple slowest stations and quantify the impacts of disruption events to the production syste...
Analytical applications of the phosphatase enzyme system. Determination of bismuth, beryllium and pesticides.

Abstract A fluorimetric method is described for the determination of bismuth and beryllium, and the pesticides methyl parathion, Aldrin and Heptachlor. The procedure is based on the inhibition of acid and alkaline phosphatase by these substances. The substrate umbelliferone phosphate is used, which is cleaved by phosphatase to the highly fluorescent umbelliferone (λex=346 nm at pH 5, and λex=365 nm at pH 8; λem=450 mm). Beryllium (0.01–0.30 μg/ml), bismuth (1–70 μg/ml), Aldrin (5–100 μg/ ml) and Heptachlor (50–700 μg/ml) inhibit the hydrolysis catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase, and methyl parathion (5–500 μg/ml) that catalyzed by acid phosphatase, causing a decrease in the slopes of the fluorescence-time curves. This decrease is a direct measure of the concentration of inhibitor. 4-Methylumbelliferone nonanoate was found to be a good substrate for acid phosphatase in the presence of large amounts of phosphate (1.0 M ). As little as 0.00006 units of acid phosphatase can be assayed with an accuracy and precision of 2%.
The scientific nature of factors: A demonstration by cups of coffee

Complete understanding of a mathematical model cannot be gained from logical analysis alone; the types of concepts which these models represent must be understood as well. The authors of this paper suggest that the nature of a model and its full implications may be made clear by applying it to a common concrete example whose properties are already fully understood. In the experiment described here, the factor analytic model is applied to that very common thing, a cup of coffee.
Isolation and chemical analysis of neuron soma samples from the cat cochlear nucleus

Pieces of neuron somata were dissected from the cochlear nuclei of two cats and analyzed for activity of malic dehydrogenase, an important enzyme of oxidative metabolism. Based on location, size and shape the somata were identified as those of spherical bushy cells, octopus cells, and fusiform cells. Somata of cerebellar Purkinje cells were analyzed for comparison. The results suggest that the large cochlear nucleus neurons have malic dehydrogenase activities higher than those of most other neurons so far studied. Also, the octopus and fusiform somata had higher malic dehydrogenase activities than those of the spherical bushy cells.
Triple gauge boson production at e+ e− and pp supercolliders

Abstract Cross sections for the production of three gauge bosons at e + e − and pp colliders are presented versus CM energy. The rates are measurable at high luminosity supercolliders and would test three and four gauge boson couplings of electroweak gauge theory. For example, at a 0.6 to 2 TeV e + e − machine with an annual luminosity of 10 4 –10 5 pb − there would be 400–4000 identifiable WWZ events per year.
Differential expression of transforming growth factor-β isoforms and receptors in experimental membranous nephropathy

Transforming growth factor-β1 stimulates matrix production by glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells. In membranous nephropathy (MN) overproduction of matrix by glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) is believed to be responsible for glomerular basement membrane thickening and spikes. We studied experimental MN in rats (passive Heymann nephritis, PHN) at 5, 10 and 30 days. PHN rats exhibited a marked increase in GEC immunostaining for TGF-β2 at all time points. TGF-β3 staining was increased at day 10 only, and TGF-β1 was unchanged. Glomerular mRNA for TGF-β2 and -β3 was increased by day 5 when urine protein increased, whereas TGF-β1 was not. TGF-β2 bioactivity was increased at day 5. There was also a marked increase in GEC immunostaining for TGF-β receptor type I (TβIR) and TGF-β receptor type II (TβIIR) at all time points in PHN. mRNA levels for both receptors increased at day 5. Increases in protein expression and mRNA levels for the TGF-β2 and -β3 isoforms, and TβIR and TβRII were prevented by complement depletion. We conclude that complement-mediated injury to the GEC in vivo is associated with the up-regulation of TGF-β2 and -β3 isoforms, an increase in TGF-β2 bioactivity, and an increase in TβRI and TβRII expression. This contrasts with changes in TGF-β1 reported in mesangial disease, suggesting that TGF-β2 and -β3 may be important in diseases of the GEC. The differential expression of TGF-β isoforms and receptors may be important determinants of the GEC response to injury.
The Effect of Technology Selection on Consumer Adoption of In‐home Computerised Banking

In‐home computerised banking is at the early stage of market development in a number of countries. Despite similarities of in‐home services offered by the banks, market penetration of home banking technology varies by country of adoption. The diffusion of innovation theory is used to help explain the variance in home banking penetration levels in France, the UK and the US.
Using Action Research Projects to Examine Teacher Technology Integration Practices.

AbstractThis study examined the technology integration practices of teachers involved in a statewide initiative via one cycle of action research. It differs from other studies of teacher technology integration practices because it simultaneously involved and provided direct benefits to teachers and researchers. The study used thematic analysis to provide a macro-level view of the technology integration practices of more than 350 teachers within 16 districts. Specifically, it reveals the content and objectives, audience, classroom implementation strategies, hardware and software use, and outcomes associated with technology integration. This article discusses implications for this and similar initiatives, research, and professional development.
10-bit monolithic high-speed d.a. convertor

A bipolar monolithic high-speed 10-bit digital-analogue convertor is described. The chip size is 1.6 mm × 2.56 mm, the chip dissipation is 210 mW, and the maximum switching frequency is 100 MHz. Circuit diagram, processing details and characteristics are presented.
OPERATIVE RELEASE FOR ELBOW CONTRACTURE: The Lateral Collateral Ligament Sparing Technique

This article describes the technique of elbow release and debridement using a lateral approach designed to spare the lateral collateral ligament complex and extensor tendon origins of the elbow. This exposure allows for complete exposure of the anterior and posterior ulnohumeral and radiocapitellar joints through a single incision. Advantages include simplified surgical dissection, minimal operative morbidity, and less potential for postoperative instability after release.
Tunnel fire and life safety within the world road association (PIARC)

This paper presents the global activities of the World Road Association (PIARC) in the area of fire and life safety in road tunnels. It traces the organizational structure in the form of technical committees, its publications, current activities and concludes with a summary as to the position of the organization with regard to fire and life safety in tunnels.
LOCATED MOBILITY: LIVING AND WORKING IN MULTIPLE PLACES

The phenomenon of working away from a traditional office space is broadly called remote or mobile work. When work takes one away from a primary residence for an extended period of time, home and work take on new meanings. Working and living from a distance requires personal, social, and emotional flexibility. I use the term located mobility to refer to simultaneously living and working in more than one space. This was the case when I relocated for a three-and-a-half-month internship in San Francisco, California, and simultaneously managed the logistical and emotional aspects of my home and work lives in Detroit, Michigan. This article illustrates by way of personal examples a traditional work setting, a remote work setting, and my lived experience of located mobility. I discuss the emotional and practical demands of living and working away from a primary residence for an extended period of time and offer insight into managing the challenges associated with located mobility.
An assessment of parasite infestation rates of juvenile sockeye salmon after 50 years of climate warming in southwest Alaska

Climate change has produced disproportionate levels of warming in high latitude ecosystems. A critical challenge is to understand how changes in temperature will mediate ecological processes, such as disease. Several authors have suggested that warming will increase prevalence of diseases at high latitudes, yet long-term studies are lacking. We evaluated how parasite abundance and prevalence in an ecologically and economically important species (juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka) has changed in an Alaskan watershed that has experienced substantial climatic change over the past half-century. We hypothesized that the average increase in summer water temperature of 1.9°C over the past 46 years in our study system would have resulted in a corresponding increase in fish metabolism, and thus potential consumption rates, that would increase infestation rates of the tapeworm Triaenophorus crassus. However, our comparison of data from 1948–1960 to 2008–2009 provided no evidence that the parasite load in juvenile sockeye salmon has significantly changed and that there is no significant relationship between summer temperature and average infestation rates. Climatic projections for southwest Alaska forecast a continuation of the current warming trend, which could potentially have effects on our studied parasite-host interaction, but thus far we found no change in infestation rates over the last 60 years.
Plasma simulations using inversion symmetry as a boundary condition

Slab models are employed in the simulation of microinstabilities in inhomogeneous plasma.(AIP)
Mobile-to-Mobile Channel Measurements at 1.85 GHz in Suburban Environments

This paper presents mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) channel measurements and models at 1.85 GHz in dense-scattering suburban areas. Three test scenarios were considered for different transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) antenna placements. Scenario 1: inside-vehicle-to-inside-vehicle (IV2IV), where both Tx and Rx antennas were placed inside the test vehicles; Scenario 2: inside-vehicle-to-walk (IV2W), where the Tx antenna was placed inside the vehicle and the Rx antenna was inside the pocket or next to the face of the tester; and Scenario 3: walk-to-walk (W2W), where the Tx and Rx were moving at walking speeds, the Tx antenna was placed on a test cart, and the Rx was inside the pocket or next to the face of the tester. To mimic more typical M-to-M channels in practice, eight sub-scenarios were configured under the availability of the line-of-sight (LoS) between the Tx and Rx. Detailed channel models are proposed for path loss, shadowing, small scale, and multi-scale fading based on the collected measurements. The level crossing rate (LCR) and average fading duration (AFD) are studied from the measurements and compared with the theoretical expressions.
The structure and mode of action of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii family 3 pectate lyase in biomass deconstruction.

The unique active site of the Caldicellulosiruptor bescii family 3 pectate lyase catalytic module (PL3-cat) has been structurally described and synergistic digestion studies with C. bescii cellulase A have been performed on unpretreated biomass. The X-ray structure of PL3-cat was determined at 1.6 A resolution (PDB entry 4ew9) in complex with the products of trigalacturonic acid. Comparison with family 1 pectate lyase (PL1) structures shows that the active site of the PL3 catalytic module is considerably different. However, on superimposing the identical sugar rings at the -2 subsites conserved interactions could be identified. Interestingly, only one catalytic residue, the lysine that donates the proton to the carboxylate group in the β-elimination reaction of PL1 (Lys108 in PL3-cat), is conserved in PL3 and there is no arginine to abstract the proton from the C5 carbon of the galactouronate ring. This suggests that the reaction mechanism of PL3 requires different catalytic residues. Most interestingly, comparison with other proton-abstraction reactions reveals that in PL3 the α-proton is abstracted by a lysine, in a striking similarity to enolases. These observations led us to propose that in PL3-cat Lys108 is the catalytic base, Glu84 is the catalytic acid and an acidified water molecule completes the anti β-elimination reaction by protonating the O4 atom of the substrate. Also, our digestion experiments with unpretreated switchgrass show that the loadings of C. bescii cellobiohydrolase A (CelA) can be lowered by the addition of PL3 to the reaction mixture. This result suggests that PL3 can significantly improve the deconstruction of unpretreated biomass by allowing other enzymes to better access their preferred substrates.
Linear behavior of a preformed microbubble containing light absorbing nanoparticles: insight from a mathematical model.

Microbubbles are used as ultrasonic contrast agents in medical imaging because of their highly efficient scattering properties. Gold nanoparticles absorb specific wavelengths of optical radiation very effectively with the subsequent generation of thermo-acoustic waves in the surrounding medium. A theoretical and numerical analysis of the possibility of inducing radial oscillations in a pre-existing spherical microbubble, through the laser excitation of gold nanoparticles contained within, is presented. A description of such a system can be obtained in terms of a confined two-phase model, with the nanoparticles suspended in a confined region of gas, surrounded by a liquid. The Rayleigh–Plesset equation is assumed to be valid at the boundary between the gas and the liquid. The confined two-phase model is solved in linear approximation. The system is diagonalized and the general solution is obtained. This solution is in the form of exponentially decaying oscillatory functions for the temperature and pressure...
Philosophy of Sport: Core Readings

Philosophy of Sport: Core Readings edited by Jason Holt, Associate Professor of Recreation Management and Kinesiology, is a craftily constructed introductory text to the philosophy of sport designe...
Cloning full-length dengue type 4 viral DNA sequences: analysis of genes coding for structural proteins.

Abstract DNA sequences (approximately 11,000 nucleotides) representing the full-length genome of the dengue virus type 4 were cloned. The sequence of the first 2,429 nucleotides at the 5′ terminus which includes the coding region for the structural proteins is presented. The virion structural proteins are encoded in one long open reading frame specifying a polyprotein precursor which is apparently proteolytically cleaved by a mechanism resembling that proposed for expression of structural proteins of other flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YF) and West Nile (WN) viruses. The N terminus for each of the dengue virus structural proteins was tentatively assigned by homology alignment to the corresponding sequence of YF or WN virus. Comparison of sequence homology of structural proteins suggests that dengue virus is more closely related to WN virus than to YF virus or Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Finally, analysis of the extreme 5′- and 3′-terminal nucleotides of the dengue virus genome revealed sequences that may be involved in transcription, replication, and packaging of viral RNA.
The civil commitment of pathologically violent sex offenders

This article explores the issues surrounding the Sexually Violent Predator Statute enacted by the Washington state legislature. The statute provides for the confinement of violent and dangerous sex offenders who are also mentally abnormal or psychopathic. As other states are also considering comparable legislation, this article discusses the legal ramifications of such legislation.
Ataxia and nystagmus induced by injection of local anesthetics in the Neck.

Vertigo, ataxia, and nystagmus were induced in animals and man by injecting local anesthetics into the neck. This presumably interrupted the flow of afferent information from neck muscle and joint receptors. Ataxia in man was associated with a broad-based, staggering gait; hypotonia of the ipsilateral arm and leg; and a strong sensation of ipsilateral falling or tilting. Nystagmus was stronger in the rabbit and cat than in the monkey and was not induced in man. In the rabbit, section of the cervical roots on one siEN reactivated signs of a previous labyrinthectomy, regardless of the side of operation. Neck-afferent nystagmus was not dependent on the cerebellum, and the activity responsible for it appeared to ascend ipsilaterally through ventral portions of the cervical spinal cord. The data demonstrate the dependence of neck-afferent nystagmus on the vestibular system and suggest that in the presence of previous vestibular lesions, neck joint or muscle disorders may be a cause of clinical vertigo, ataxia, or nystagmus.
Scattering states and wave operators in the abstract theory of scattering

The abstract theory of scattering deals with pairs of self-adjoint operators Hj acting on Hilbert spaces Hj, j = 1, 2, and the corresponding unitary groups Uj(t) = exp(−itHj), t ϵ R. Most of the existing theories are concerned with finding criteria for the existence and completeness of the generalized wave operators, defined by W±=s-limt→±∞U2(−t)KU1(t)P1ac where K: H1 → H2 is a linear bijection and P1ac is the orthogonal projection of H1 onto the subspace H1ac of absolute continuity for H1. The theory can be applied to physical problems only if H1ac can be shown to coincide with the subspace of scattering states for U1(t). This paper presents a new abstract definition of the scattering states, based directly on the physical meaning of scattering, and develops a corresponding abstract theory of wave operators. The applicability of the theory is demonstrated for a class of wave propagation problems of classical physics.
The effect of juvenile hormone on prothoracic gland function during the larval-pupal development of Manduca sexta: An in situ and in vitro analysis

Abstract The application of juvenile hormone I or ZR 512 to neck-ligated, day-5 fifth instar (V5) larvae reduced the time to pupation in a dose-dependent manner when compared to neck-ligated controls treated with methyl epoxy stearate. Haemolymph ecdysteroid titres determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) reflected the ability of juvenile hormone I and ZR 512 to stimulate larval-pupal development, i.e. the ecdysteroid titres were similar to those of normally developing larvae although the ecdysteroid peak elicited by ZR 512 lagged that in the normal titre by 1 day, while that elicited by juvenile hormone I lagged the ecdysteroid peak in normal larvae by 2 days. Neck-ligated V5 larvae that were untreated ultimately pupated and the haemolymph ecdysteroid peak eliciting pupation in these animals was 7 μg/ml haemolymph, almost double that of normal animals and ZR 512- and juvenile hormone I-treated, ligated larvae. The data indicated that juvenile hormone I does stimulate the prothoracic glands but to determine whether this stimulation was direct or indirect, an in vitro approach was taken. Prothoracic glands from V5, V6 and V7 larvae were incubated in vitro under conditions in which they could be stimulated by prothoracicotropic hormone, and were exposed to concentration of free juvenile hormones I, II, III or ZR 512 ranging from 10−5M to 10−10M. In no case were the prothoracic glands stimulated in a dose-dependent manner that would be indicative of hormone activation. Similar results were obtained when juvenile hormone bound to binding protein was incubated with the prothoracic glands. Studies with the acids of the three juvenile hormone homologues revealed them to be ineffective in activating prothoracic glands, although juvenile hormone III acid does appear to inhibit the synthesis of ecdysone by day-0 pupal prothoracic glands. The significance of the latter effect is unknown. It is concluded from these data that juvenile hormone can, indeed, activate late larval prothoracic glands in situ, but does so indirectly.
Regimes of validity for balanced models

Abstract Scaling analyses are presented which delineate the atmospheric and oceanic regimes of validity for the family of balanced models described in Gent and McWilliams (1983a). The analyses follow and extend the classical work of Charney (1948) and others. The analyses use three non-dimensional parameters which represent the flow scale relative to the Earth's radius, the dominance of turbulent or wave-like processes, and the dominant component of the potential vorticity. For each regime, the models that are accurate both at leading order and through at least one higher order of accuracy in the appropriate small parameter are then identified. In particular, it is found that members of the balanced family are the appropriate models of higher-order accuracy over a broad range of parameter regimes. Examples are also given of particular atmospheric and oceanic phenomena which are in the regimes of validity for the different balanced models.