cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature-sensitive Expression of All-Torpedo and Torpedo-Rat Hybrid AChR in Mammalian Muscle Cells

When the four subunits of the Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are expressed in mammalian fibroblasts, they properly assembly into alpha 2 beta gamma delta pentamers only at temperatures lower than 37 degrees C (Claudio, T., W. N. Green, D. S. Hartman, D. Hayden, H. L. Paulson, F. J. Sigworth, S. M. Sine, and A. Swedlund. 1987. Science (Wash. DC). 238:1688-1694). Experiments here with rat L6 myoblast cell lines indicate that this temperature sensitivity is not specific to fibroblasts, but is intrinsic to Torpedo subunits. A clonal isolate of L6 cells cotransfected with the four Torpedo subunit cDNAs synthesizes the exogenous AChR subunits at 37 degrees and 26 degrees C, but expresses Torpedo AChR complexes only at the lower temperature. When Torpedo alpha alone is expressed in L6 myotubes, hybrid AChRs are formed, again only at temperatures below 37 degrees C. These hybrid AChRs can contain either two Torpedo alpha subunits or one each of rat and Torpedo alpha, proving that the two alpha subunits in an AChR pentamer need not derive from the same polysome. Further analysis of hybrid and all-Torpedo AChR established that there is no internally sequestered pool of AChR at the nonpermissive temperature, and that the AChR, once formed, is thermostable. Two lines of experimentation with alpha subunits expressed in fibroblasts indicate that alpha polypeptides exhibit different conformations at 26 degrees and 37 degrees C, favoring the hypothesis that the temperature-sensitive step occurs before assembly and reflects, at least in part, misfolding of subunits: at 37 degrees C, there is a reduction in the fraction of alpha subunits that (a) bind the AChR antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin with high affinity; and (b) bind a monoclonal antibody that recognizes correctly folded and/or assembled alpha subunit.
Embedded centrosymmetric multilayer stacks as complete-transmission quarter-wave and half-wave retarders under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection.

A centrosymmetric multilayer stack of two transparent materials, which is embedded in a high-index prism, can function as a complete-transmission quarter-wave or half-wave retarder (QWR or HWR) under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection. The multilayer consists of a high-index center layer sandwiched between two identical low-index films with high-index-low-index bilayers repeated on both sides of the central trilayer, maintaining the symmetry of the entire stack and constituting a QWR (Δt=90° or 270°) or HWR (Δt=180°) in transmission. A QWR design at wavelength λ=1.55 μm is presented that employs an 11-layer stack of Si and SiO2 thin films, which is embedded in a GaP cube prism. The intensity transmittances for the p and s polarizations remain >99% and Δt deviates from 90° by 93%, and Δt that differs from 180° by <±0.3° over a 100 nm bandwidth (1.5≤λ≤1.6 μm) and by <±17° over an internal field view of ±1°. The sensitivity of these devices to film-thickness errors is also considered.
The Experiences of Female Workers in Urban Jamaica: Modern Day Slavery

The aim of this case study was to provide an in-depth description of the experiences of nine (9) young Jamaican women aged 18-25 working in the retail/wholesale industry in downtown Kingston. It sought to assess the general working conditions that the women were subjected to, as well as the social, economic and psychological impact that working in the retail wholesale industry has on them. It was hypothesized that women undergo exploitation while working in these shops, and there were violations of several employment and labour laws. Additionally, one of the intents of this research was to elucidate and bring in focus the importance of gender planning and development as it relates to women and labour in Jamaica; more specifically, young women from a more disadvantaged socio-economic background who struggle daily to eke out an economic survival. The choice of retail/wholesale grocery stores in downtown Kingston for assessment was rationalised by the paucity of documentation of women's work experiences in this sector and the significant policy implications that could flow therefrom. The research was exploratory as it attempted to delve into the experiences of women working in the retail/wholesale grocery shops in downtown Kingston. The areas which were assessed fell under the categories of 'Wage', 'Physical Work Environment' , 'Work Hours', 'Fringe Benefits', 'Organization of Work', 'Occupational Health and Safety', 'Staff Development' and ' Industrial Relations. Attempts were also made to explore breaches of the Jamaican employment and labour laws and the ILO Declaration on the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work which include, excessive work hours, payment of salary below the national minimum wage, non-payment of relevant statuary deductions, inability of workers' to unionize, lack of health or other fringe benefits, inadequate leave entitlements, improper ventilation and sanitary conveniences.
Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line.Martha A. Sandweiss. Pp. 370. 2009. The Penguin Press, New York. ISBN 978-1-59420-200-1. Price $27.95.

Many geologists know that Clarence King was the first director of the U.S. Geological Survey; many of us know parts of the story of his survey of the 40th Parallel and his success in demonstrating, in his 22 months as USGS director, the value of both applied and basic geoscience research. Some of us have heard that his personal life was a bit unconventional, at least by 19th century standards. Martha Sandweiss’s meticulously researched Passing Strange tells the story behind the story in a dense but almost novel-like 300 pages. Sandweiss, a professor of history at Princeton University, takes us beyond the better known parts of King’s life into the complicated web he wove when, at age 45, he met and married a young black nursemaid in New York City. That his web remained intact for the remaining 13 years of his life and largely so for three decades beyond seems remarkable in this day of instant fact-checking and immediate news-sharing. And that is precisely why this book is worth reading. It is a complicated tale of secrets kept for the best and the worst of reasons. As geoscientists, we likely pick up Passing Strange to read about Clarence King because of his contributions to establishing geoscience in the United States. However, this book …
GENE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THIRD-CHROMOSOME INVERSIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Associations of alleles of the acid phosphatase-3 locus with the different third-chromosome inversions from different populations of D. pseudoobscura are described. We observe only the allele AP-31.0 in the Standard and Arrow-head inversions and the allele AP-3.98 in the Santa Cruz, Treeline, Cuernavaca and the Pikes Peak arrangements. The Chiricahua gene arrangement is polymorphic.
Coding location in enclosed spaces: is geometry the principle?

Both animals and human toddlers can find an object in a rectangular enclosure after they have been disoriented. They use geometric cues (relative lengths of walls) to discriminate among different corners (e.g. long wall to the left, short to the right). It has been claimed that this ability is ‘modular’, i.e. exclusively geometric. The present study demonstrates that the ability toddlers exhibit is a more general one, namely, an ability to discriminate relative quantity. Using a square enclosure, we show that toddlers use the relative sizes of the figures on different walls to characterize different corners. We also show that they do not use simple non-relative features to distinguish different corners. Possible reasons for differences in the ability to use relative versus non-relative cues are discussed.
Reactions of formaldehyde plus acetaldehyde with deoxyguanosine and DNA: formation of cyclic deoxyguanosine adducts and formaldehyde cross-links.

We investigated the reactions of formaldehyde plus acetaldehyde with dGuo and DNA in order to determine whether certain 1,N2-propano-dGuo adducts could be formed. These adducts3-(2‘-deoxyribosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-(3H)-one (1) and 3-(2‘-deoxyribosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-(3H)-one (3a,b)have been previously characterized as products of the reaction of acrolein with dGuo and DNA. Adduct 1 predominates in certain model lipid peroxidation systems [Pan, J., and Chung, F. L. (2002) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15, 367−372]. We hypothesized that this could be due to stepwise reactions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde with dGuo, rather than by reaction of acrolein with dGuo. The results demonstrated that adducts 1 and 3a,b were relatively minor products of the reaction of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde with dGuo and that there was no selectivity in their formation. These findings did not support our hypothesis. However, substantial amounts of previously unknown c...
The Talent Development Process: What We Know and What We Don't Know

This paper addresses the current knowledge base on the talent development process and suggests new directions for continued research and development in that area. It presents our current understandings about talent development both from a conceptual and operational vantage point. It also links the research bases of creativity and talent development, suggesting that interventions with students would be similar with each construct.
Congenital abnormalities of cranial nerve development: overview, molecular mechanisms, and further evidence of heterogeneity and complexity of syndromes with congenital limitation of eye movements.

Purpose: The clinical and molecular genetic classification of syndromes with congenital limitation of eye movements and evidence of cranial nerve dysgenesis continues to evolve. This monograph details clinical and molecular genetic data on a number of families and isolated patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) and related disorders, and presents an overview of the mechanisms of abnormal patterns of motor and sensory cranial nerve development in these rare syndromes. Methods: Clinical examination of one patient with CFEOM1, one family with clinical features of CFEOM2, one family with recessive CFEOM3, one family with horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis (HGPPS), and four patients with various combinations of congenital cranial nerve abnormalities. Genotyping of families with CFEOM and HGPPS for polymorphic markers in the regions of the three known CFEOM loci and in the HGPPS region, and mutation analysis of the ARIX and KIF21A genes in patients with CFEOM were performed according to standard published protocols. Results: The patient with CFEOM1 had the second most common mutation in KIF21A, a 2861 G>A mutation that resulted in an R954Q substitution. The family with CFEOM2 phenotype did not map to the CFEOM2 locus. The family with recessive CFEOM3 did not map to any of the known loci. The HGPPS family mapped to 11q23-q25. One patient had optic nerve hypoplasia and fifth nerve dysfunction. Two patients had the rare combination of Mobius syndrome and CFEOM. One patient had Mobius syndrome and fifth nerve dysfunction. Conclusions: There is genetic heterogeneity in CFEOM2 and CFEOM3. Abnormalities in sensory nerves can also accompany abnormalities of motor nerves, further substantiating the effect of individual mutations on developing motor as well as sensory cranial nerve nuclei.
Technology and reliability constrained future copper interconnects. II. Performance implications

For pt. I see ibid., vol.49, no.4, pp.590-7 (2002). This work extends the realistic resistance modeling of on-chip copper interconnects to assess its impact on key interconnect performance metrics. As quantified in part I of this work, the effective resistivity of copper is not only significantly larger than its ideal, bulk value but also highly dependent on technology and reliability constraints. Performance is quantified under various technological conditions in the future. In particular, wire delay is extensively addressed. Further, the impact of optimal repeater insertion to improve these parameters is also studied using realistic resistance trends. The impact of technologically constrained resistance on power penalty arising from repeater insertion is briefly addressed. Where relevant, aforementioned results are contrasted with those obtained using ideal copper resistivity.
Key techniques in orthopaedic surgery: Steven H. Stern. New York, Thieme, 2000, 352 pp., $129.00

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 18, No 6 (July-August), 2002: pp 677–677
High speed querying with the DAP 510

Most database queries can be reduced to a few distinct classes of requests. These are (1) finding the k/sup th/ smallest element in an unordered set S, (2) finding the k/sup th/ through the (k+i)/sup th/ smallest elements in an unordered set S, and (3) return the record with a specific key. This paper presents a fast, efficient selection based system implemented on the DAP 510 for each of these query types. The DAP or the distributed array of processors is a commercially available array processor, a product of Active Memory Technology. This massively parallel computer attaches to a host computer as a peripheral processor. It differs from the conventional serial processor in that it can perform the same operation on many items of data in parallel. >
Electromagnetic inverse scattering theory

Inverse methods have become a funda~ental tool in the physical sciences for remote sensing of unknown objects and reconstructing the physical properties. A Special Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation intends to provide an overview of this iuportant emerGing discipline and to provide examples of the wide scope of methods used to investigate inverse problems in electromagnetics, ranging from purely theoretical considerations to some very practical problems. In this article we would like to give a qualitative introduction to electromagnetic inverse scattering. Instead of surveying the many diverse applications of inverse methods, we shall concentrate on the examples which illustrate the fundamentals of inverse scattering and which have been studied at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).
A review of agile manufacturing systems

About a decade ago, the agile manufacturing paradigm was formulated in response to the constantly changing 'new economy' and as a basis for returning to global competitiveness. While agility means different things to different enterprises under different contexts, the following elements capture its essential concept: agility is characterized by cooperativeness and synergism (possibly resulting in virtual corporations), by a strategic vision that enables thriving in face of continuous and unpredictable change, by the responsive creation and delivery of customer-valued, high quality and mass customized goods/services, by nimble organization structures of a knowledgeable and empowered workforce, and facilitated by an information infrastructure that links constituent partners in a unified electronic network. During this period, a significant amount of attention from both the academic and industrial communities has produced a large body of results in research and development related to this topic. Each contrib...
Primary Lymphomas of Bone

Primary bone lymphoma is rare. The majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Classification, staging, and treatment are controversial. The relatively small number of cases has led to many case reports and series describing institutional experiences but precludes the use of randomized clinical trials to address the question of optimal management. This article will review clinical and radiologic presentations, diagnostic techniques, and histologic characteristics. Most important, it will present what limited information we do have regarding effective treatment options for this unusual type of lymphoma.
Vitamin A Supplementation and Retinoic Acid Treatment in the Regulation of Antibody Responses In Vivo

Vitamin A (VA, retinol) is essential for normal immune system maturation, but the effect of VA(1) on antibody production, the hallmark of successful vaccination, is still not well understood. In countries where VA deficiency is a public health problem, many children worldwide are now receiving VA along with immunizations against poliovirus, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The primary goal has been to provide enough VA to protect against the development of VA deficiency for a period of 4-6 months. However, it is also possible that VA might promote the vaccine antibody response. Several community studies, generally of small size, have been conducted in children supplemented with VA at the time of immunization, as promoted by the World Health Organization/UNICEF. However, only a few studies have reported differences in antibody titers or seroconversion rates due to VA. However, VA status was not directly assessed, and in some communities children were often breast fed, another strategy for preventing VA deficiency. Some of the vaccines used induced a high rate of seroconversion, even without VA. In children likely to have been VA deficient, oral polio vaccine seroconversion rate was increased by VA. In animal models, where VA status was controlled and VA deficiency confirmed, the antibody response to T-cell-dependent (TD) and polysaccharide antigens was significantly reduced, congruent with other defects in innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, the active metabolite of VA, retinoic acid (RA) can potentiate antibody production to TD antigens in normal adult and neonatal animals. We speculate that numerous animal studies have correctly identified VA deficiency as a risk factor for low antibody production. A lack of effect of VA in human studies could be due to a low rate of VA deficiency in the populations studied or low sample numbers. The ability to detect differences in antibody response may also depend on the vaccine-adjuvant combination used. Future studies of VA supplementation and immunization should include assessment of VA status and a sufficiently large sample size. It would also be worthwhile to test the effect of neonatal VA supplementation on the response to immunization given after 6 months to 1 year of age, as VA supplementation, by preventing the onset of VA deficiency, may improve the response to immunizations given later on.
Integrating Economic Dualism and Labor Market Segmentation: The Effects of Race, Gender, and Structural Location on Earnings, 1974–2000

Although the U.S. economy of the early twenty-first century is vastly different from the U.S. economy prior to the 1970s, the nature of these economic changes and their impact on U.S. workers is un...
Developing pharmacy student empathy using mock HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens: A learning activity

Abstract Objective To develop empathy among pharmacy students by utilizing a learning simulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antiretroviral therapies in a first year anti-infectives course. Design Students were given a mock antiretroviral regimen to “take” over five days to simulate HIV drug regimens. Students recorded their medication adherence, discussed difficulties adhering to the various regimens, and reviewed the pharmacology and medicinal chemistry of the antiretroviral drugs. Assessment Students’ compliance with their mock regimens were assessed, as well as their perceptions on the usefulness of the activity. A post-survey evaluated student opinions of their gained knowledge of HIV drugs, how adherence correlates with drug resistance, and empathy. Conclusions Students who took the regimen with the lowest pill burden reported the highest adherence. Most surveyed students agreed that this activity helped them relate to the challenges of a complicated daily regimen. Lastly, this activity created an opportunity to develop student empathy in the classroom setting.
Alcohol and Male Fertility

Ethanol can be classified as a reproductive toxin, both in man and in laboratory animals. However, the mechanism(s) by which ethanol exerts its toxic effects remain unresolved. The present communication reviews the research that hs been conducted in the area of alcohol and male reproduction, and present several hormonal and non-hormonal pertubations elicited by alcohol as they might contribute to alcohol-induced male infertility.
The Looming GATS Conflict with Capital Controls

This chapter explores countries’ obligations when they make specific commitments under the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services. It also analyzes the exceptions to those obligations, and offers some concluding thoughts about why more scholarly concern has been expressed about financial service constraints in bilateral investment treaties than about those in the WTO's multilateral regime.
Pseudomys grassilicaudatus (Top) P. shortridgei (Bottom)

The autosomes of P. shortridgei are very similar to the putative ancestral type as illustrated in P. praeconis (Folio 475). The X, however, displays a short second arm and the Y is a minute.
Broadband Sharp 90-degree Bends and T-Splitters in Plasmonic Coaxial Waveguides

We demonstrate numerically that sharp 90° bends and T-splitters can be designed in plasmonic coaxial waveguides at deep-subwavelength scale to operate without reflection and radiation over a broad range of wavelengths, including the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. We explain the principles of the operation using a transmission line model of the waveguide in the quasi-static limit. The compact bends and T-splitters open up a new avenue for the design of densely integrated optical circuits with minimal crosstalk.
Song structure and cadence of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens) in the Appalachian Mountains

ABSTRACT We recorded the natural song of male Veeries (Catharus fuscescens) on breeding territories to examine variation in song structure, repertoire size, and patterns of song delivery. Despite wide distribution of Veeries, many aspects of their biology are largely unknown, including a clear characterization of song and singing behavior. Recordings were made in four regions through the Appalachian Mountains in the USA. Visual analysis of song spectrogram images revealed that Veeries present their song repertoires in an oscillating frequency pattern, a previously undocumented feature of their singing behavior. Analysis showed Veeries’ repertoire ranges from 1–6 different song types, which is larger than what was previously described in the literature. Spectrogram analysis suggested that Veeries present song repertoires in predictable patterns, and patterns of song presentation can change depending on repertoire size. Songs and singing behavior did not differ between dawn and dusk singing bouts.
Analysis of Law Problem Initiated by Case of Sending Box Lunch without License

Objective To discuss the prominent problems existed in hygienic administrative enforcement,and provide references for hygienic administrative legislation and enforcement.Method A case of sending lunch box without license was analyzed.Results There were a good many prominent problems in dire need of solution in hygienic administrative enforcement,consisting of main body cognizance,administrative enforcement measures,the right of investigation of hygienic administrative authority to the third party and the responsibility of landlord,etc.It was indicated that the faultiness of hygienic administrative law and regulation were exposed.Conclusion The amendments of hygienic administrative law and regulation should be accelerated,and the mandatory administrative laws should be established as soon as possible.
A voltage dips detection method of wind power system based on second-order generalized integral

Along with the increasing of wind turbines installed capacity and occupying a greater proportion in power grid,the grid wind power generator with low voltage ride-through is required.It is necessary to puts forward an accurate fast power grid failure voltage detect methods in order to keep wind power system on grid,and support grid to ride-through of transient faults when the grid voltage drop occurred.This paper presents a new method of positive sequence voltage detection,with a rapid,accurate,frequency self-adapting response.The proposed system is made up of the quadrature signal generator(QSG),the positive sequence calculator(PSC) and the phase-locked loop(PLL).The innovation is the use of a dual second order generalized integral quadrature signal generator.The system input is grid voltage,the outputs are real-time phase angle,positive sequence voltage component and fault signal.It is a very effective method on transient fault signal detection by simulation,experiment and system research.
Two Ene-Yne Metathesis Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide P.

The total synthesis of amphidinolide P was achieved through two different ene–yne metathesis approaches. In each approach, the metathesis step was performed at late stages in the synthesis with all other functionality present. By forging two successful pathways to the synthesis of 1, some of the strengths and weaknesses of metathesis-intensive synthetic strategies were identified.
Comment: Gene-environment interactions in dementia-: Not just another fish story.

Many observational studies have shown relationships between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive outcomes, but relatively few have examined gene–environment interactions due to APOE genotype. In this study, van de Rest et al.1 highlight the modifying effect of APOE genotype on cognitive effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids, finding “protective” effects of dietary seafood/omega-3s only in the e4 carrier group, which is at higher risk of Alzheimer disease. Prior observational studies that have incorporated APOE genotype have reported mixed results, sometimes concluding that the omega-3 benefit is stronger in the e4 carriers and sometimes in the e4 noncarriers. The finding in the present study is strengthened by a recent report from the same group showing an inverse relationship between dietary omega-3 and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer disease brain pathology, also only in e4 carriers.2 However, observational studies and clinicopathologic studies cannot determine with certainty whether dietary or supplemental omega-3s will attenuate cognitive decline in individuals at risk. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to definitively answer this question. While most of these have been negative,3 few have included APOE stratification in the analyses, so may have failed to appreciate genotype-specific effects of omega-3 supplementation.
Endoscopic approaches to pancreatic disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endoscopy plays a central role in the evaluation and management of patients with pancreatic disease. This review focuses on recent clinically relevant developments and timely research questions related to endoscopy in acute and chronic pancreatitis. RECENT FINDINGS Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has moved to the forefront of the evaluation of unexplained pancreatitis; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for recurrent acute pancreatitis remains controversial but commonly practiced; fully covered metallic stents are challenging traditional stent therapy in the treatment of benign biliary and pancreatic strictures due to chronic pancreatitis; endoscopic drainage has become central in the therapeutic algorithm for pancreatic fluid collections; EUS-guided access to the pancreatic duct in cases of unsuccessful ERCP is a promising new platform that requires additional research and development. The evidence in these areas is discussed, with an emphasis on recent high-impact publications. SUMMARY There have been significant recent advances in our endoscopic approach to pancreatic disease; however, additional research is necessary toward providing high-quality, evidence-based care in this area. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
The Future of the Psychology-Law Relationship

Let us return to the original emphasis of the book—the determinants of judicial decision making—but with a different approach. One conclusion from the first half of the book was that a psychological analysis of judicial decision making is fruitful because judges’ values and motives serve as a kind of filter when approaching the issues in a given case. Now we turn to some of the implications of value-influenced decision making, specifically, the impact of values on the sources a judge uses in justifying decisions.
Waist-to-Hip Ratios and Female Attractiveness: Comparing Apples, Oranges, and Pears

An evolutionary approach to female attractiveness predicts that men should prefer honest signals of health, youth, and fertility in potential mates (Buss, 1989). Singh (1993a, 1993b) proposed that the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a signal of female fertility, and thus served as a measure of attractiveness. How revolutionary this approach was can be seen by reviewing what leading books on social psychology said concerning attractiveness before Singh’s work. In Baron and Byrne’s (1994) leading textbook of the time, the chapter on attractiveness has a section entitled, ‘What, exactly, determines attractiveness?’ In it they say, ‘[It] seems to be difficult to specify precisely what cues people utilize to evaluate attractiveness’ (Baron & Byrne, 1994: 290). Baron and Byrne (1994) discussed the importance of childlike and mature facial features. They also reviewed work using computer-generated composite faces which showed that average faces were most attractive. Concerning the body, they cited research showing the attractiveness of medium-sized breasts and a slim figure (Baron & Byrne, 1994: 291). Another leading book (Aronson, Wilson, & Akert, 1994: 381) asked the question, ‘What is beautiful, anyway?’ and answered by stating that, ‘From early childhood on, the media tell us what is beautiful... ‘.
Patient specific computational models to optimize surgical correction for flatfoot deformity

Several surgically corrective procedures are considered to treat Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) patients, relieve pain, and restore function. Procedure selection is based on best practices and surgeon preference. Recent research created patient specific models of AAFD to explore their predictive capabilities and examine effectiveness of the surgical procedure used to treat the deformity. The models' behavior was governed solely by patient bodyweight, soft tissue constraints, muscle loading, and joint contact without the assumption of idealized joints. The current work expanded those models to determine if an alternate procedure would be more effective for the individual. All procedures incorporated first a tendon transfer and then included one hindfoot procedure, the Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy (MCO), and one of three lateral column procedures: Evans osteotomy, Calcaneocuboid Distraction Arthrodesis (CCDA), Z osteotomy, and the combination procedures MCO & Evans osteotomy, MCO & CCDA, and MCO & Z osteotomy. The combination MCO & Evans and MCO & Z procedures were shown to provide the greatest amount of correction for both forefoot abduction and hindfoot valgus. However, these two procedures significantly increased joint contact force, specifically at the calcaneocuboid joint, and ground reaction force along the lateral column. With exception to the lateral bands of the plantar fascia and middle spring ligament, the strain present in the plantar fascia, spring, and deltoid ligaments decreased after all procedures. The use of patient specific computational models provided the ability to investigate effects of alternate surgical corrections on restoring biomechanical function in these flatfoot patients. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1523-1531, 2017.
Lewis Acid Accelerated Aryl Ether Bond Cleavage with Nickel: Orders of Magnitude Rate Enhancement Using AlMe3.

Study of the kinetics of intramolecular aryl ether C−O bond cleavage by Ni was facilitated by access to a family of metal complexes supported by diphosphines with pendant aryl-methyl ethers. The nature of the aryl substituents was found to have little effect on the rate of cleavage. In contrast, soluble Lewis acidic additives accelerate the aryl ether cleavage dramatically. The effect of AlMe3 was studied in detail, and showed an increase in rate by several orders of magnitude. Low temperature NMR spectroscopy studies demonstrate quantitative coordination of ether to Al. From the Lewis acid-bound precursor, the activation parameters for ether cleavage are significantly lower. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for milder catalyst design for the activation of strong bonds.
Make the healthy choice the easy choice: using behavioral economics to advance a culture of health.

Despite great advances in the science and technology of health care, a large gap separates theoretically achievable advances in health from what individuals and populations actually achieve. Human behavior sits on the final common pathway to so many of our health and health care goals, including the prevention and management of illness and the fostering of wellness. Behavioral economics is a relatively new field offering approaches to supplement many of the conventional approaches to improving health behaviors that rely on education or standard economic theory. While those conventional approaches presume that an educated public will naturally make decisions that optimize personal welfare, approaches derived from behavioral economics harness existing and predictable patterns of behavior that often lead people to make choices against their best interests. By keeping these predictable patterns of behavior in mind when designing health insurance, health care programs, or the health-related aspects of everyday life, behavioral economists aim to meet people half-way: no longer asking them to reshape their behavior to something more health promoting, but helping the behavioral patterns they already follow lead them to better health.
The Effective Conductivity of Densely Packed High Contrast Composites With Inclusions of Optimal Shape

We consider a mathematical model of a high contrast two phase composite material with inclusions (fibers) close to touching in two space dimensions. The inclusions form a periodic array and have an optimal shape which is curvilinear square with rounded-off angles (“nearly square”) described by a flattening parameter m. We present an asymptotic formula for the effective conductivity Aδ of the composite when the interparticle distance δ goes to zero. This formula captures the dependence of Aδ on the parameter m. We also introduce a recurrence sequence of the hth order cell problems (k = 0, 1, 2, ...) and present the formula for a full asymptotic expansion of the solution to the problem.
Wireless Services and Network Economics

Wireless telecommunications have become very commonplace in today’s life. Cellular telecommunications have expanded rapidly, and governments around the world have reaped huge sums of money for the use of airwaves by mobile operators. However, to assess their evolution to broadband, 3G, and to other technologies it is very useful to take a step back, examine which services the present technologies provide, what future technologies can provide, and how any new technology would integrate in the evolving telecommunications services and equipment industries.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) May Stall Ovarian Cortex Function Through Modulation of Hormone Receptors Other Than the AMH Receptor:

Objective:To test whether recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) can inhibit ovarian cortex function by modulating the expression of other hormone receptors.Materials and Methods:Pilot experiment...
The role of the root in auditory word recognition of Hebrew

Evidence from visual word recognition has shown that the root morpheme plays a particularly important role in recognition of nouns in templatic languages [e.g., Velan & Frost, 2009 (Hebrew), Perea, abu Mallouh, & Carreiras, 2010 (Arabic)]. Letter transposition studies in masked priming have proved a useful tool for investigating letter flexibility in the visual domain. Due to the linear nature of the auditory signal, such manipulation is not possible for spoken words. In this study, we use a novel application of the phonemic restoration paradigm to explore the role of morphology in auditory word recognition. In two separate experiments, we show that in auditory word recognition the root plays an important role in Hebrew noun recognition, with words with masked root sounds being especially difficult to recover. This study provides additional evidence in favor of the privileged role of the root in Semitic lexical access and its function in morphological decomposition.
Microglia Isolation from Adult Mouse Brain

Although microglia isolation from embryonic or postnatal mouse brain is possible using a number of different protocols, microglia isolation from adult brain is more challenging and often results in low yields. Here, we describe a protocol to isolate intact microglia from adult mouse brain for functional assays, immunocytochemistry, and/or flow cytometry analysis. This protocol involves enzymatic dissociation in medium supplemented with dispase II, papain, and DNase I followed by mechanical dissociation. Cell separation is achieved via percoll gradients of various densities. Microglia isolated using this protocol is suitable for flow cytometry analysis, RNA isolation for gene expression by real-time PCR or microarrays, and for functional assays including cytokine production, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis.
Surface plasmon resonance analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are electro-optical instruments used for analyzing real-time protein-protein interactions. This work evaluates an SPR biosensor (Biacore 3000) in the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in foods. A sandwich SPR immunosensor involving two antibodies was used. The capturing antibody, bound covalently to the surface of the biosensor chip, performs the initial binding of the antigen and a second antibody binds to the captured antigen. The second antibody makes antigen verification possible and amplifies the signal. Pure SEB as well as SEB in spiked foods (milk and meat) were detected with little interference from the food matrix. In the control experiments with uncontaminated food samples no significant signal was detected. The SPR biosensor assay detects SEB at ~10 ng/ml rapidly, with initial binding within 2 min. The entire measurement cycle (including washing and chip regeneration) may take 5 min using one antibody or 8 min using two antibodies. These ...
Effect of Professional Learning Communities on Teachers and Students: Reporting Updated Results and Raising Questions about Research Design.

This manuscript is a review and critical analysis of professional learning communities (PLCs) research using 13 empirical international studies. Our findings confirm what previous reviews have foun...
Habitat Loss and Local Extinction: Linking Population Declines of Eastern Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) to Habitat Degradation in Ozark Glades

Abstract Habitat loss and degradation are the leading causes of local extinctions, making preservation and restoration of remaining habitat increasingly critical to conserving biodiversity. Mechanisms driving species extinction, however, often begin with habitat loss and seldom are well understood, which greatly limits our ability to mitigate their impacts. The first step in understanding mechanisms that drive local extinction is to identify vital rates affected by habitat degradation. Here we provide a case study of the impact of habitat degradation on individual growth and reproductive rates of Eastern Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris), a species of special concern in the Ozark Mountains. Our data suggest that C. collaris in habitats encroached by dense woody vegetation have reduced age-specific body size, primarily as a result of depressed individual growth rates in their first 2 yr of life. In turn, female C. collaris in habitats with high woody vegetation density have delayed age of maturity (b...
A Role for Microglia in Retinal Development.

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS. Though they are best known for their traditional macrophage activities, such as the phagocytosis of cell debris and inflammatory responses after injury, microglia also play an integral role in the normal development of the brain and spinal cord. For
PROCEDIMENTOS RADIOLÓGICOS EM AMBIENTE DE UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA (UTI)

INTRODUCAO: A radiografia (raio-x) e uma tecnica antiga, porem muito eficaz, essa analise bibliografica demonstra a importância desta tecnica (exame) dentro do ambiente de UTI (Unidade de Terapia Intensiva) e seus meios de protecao contra a radiacao. OBJETIVO: Analisar as opinioes dos autores sobre as tecnicas radiologicas no ambiente de UTI. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisados artigos, livros e revistas pesquisados em sites de fontes seguras os quais passaram por selecoes de datas entre 1998 a 2016 e que estavam em lingua portuguesa. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSAO: De acordo com as informacoes de cada autor a radiografia (raio-x) tem um papel importante na monitorizacao do paciente no leito de UTI, sendo analisado junto ao uso de EPIs e EPCs durante o procedimento radiologico. CONCLUSAO: conclui-se que a imagem de radiografia no leito nao tem boa qualidade e, que mesmo com o conhecimento, o profissional das tecnicas radiologicas nao sao unânimes no uso com frequencia dos EPIs e EPCs.
Colocalization of m6A and G-Quadruplex-Forming Sequences in Viral RNA (HIV, Zika, Hepatitis B, and SV40) Suggests Topological Control of Adenosine N6-Methylation

This Outlook calls attention to two seemingly disparate and emerging fields regarding viral genomics that may be correlated in a way previously overlooked. First, we describe identification of conserved potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences (PQSs) in viral genomes relevant to human health. Studies have demonstrated that PQSs are highly conserved and can fold to G-quadruplexes (G4s) to regulate viral processes. Key examples include G4s as a countermeasure to the host’s immune system or G4-guided regulation of replication or transcription. Second, emerging data are discussed concerning the epitranscriptomic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in viral RNA installed by host proteins in a consensus sequence favoring 5′-GG(m6A)C-3′. The proposed pathways by which m6A is written, read, and erased in viral RNA genomes and the impact this has on viral replication are described. The structural reason why certain sites are selected for modification while others are not is still mysterious. Finally, we discuss ...
Secure videoconferencing

At the Center for Information Technology Integration, we are experimenting with algorithms and protocols for building secure applications. In our security testbed, we have modified VIC, an off-the-shelf videoconferencing application, to support GSS, a generic security interface. We then layered these interfaces onto a smartcard-based key distribution algorithm and a fast cipher. Because these components are accompanied by rigorous mathematical proofs of security and are accessed through narrowly-defined interfaces, we have confidence in the strength of the system's security.
Does “Being There” Matter? The Impact of Web-Based and Virtual World’s Shopping Experiences on Consumer Purchase Attitudes

Abstract The use of virtual worlds as an emerging technology is already having a significant impact on business to consumer commerce and on corporate Internet retailing strategies. This research investigates consumer behavior in e-commerce retail environments, particularly with respect to consumer attitudes toward using virtual world’s shopping compared to web-based, online shopping for real-world items. We investigate two forms of presence, perceived social presence and telepresence, and their effect on attitudes toward e-commerce, attitudes that ultimately influence the consumer's intention to shop using a particular e-commerce environment. Key implications of this research for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Female College Students' Instagram Use and Body Image

Research demonstrates that mainstream media negatively impacts women's body image; less is known about social media, specifically Instagram. The purpose of the study was to explore how female college students use Instagram, and if using Instagram impacts body image. Since little is known, a descriptive qualitative approach was used. Six face-to-face focus groups with a total of 27 participants, aged 18-22 years, were conducted. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Three themes related to Instagram use emerged: effortful posting, promotion of self, and seeking engagement. Participants put substantial effort into what they were posting, were careful to select the best images of themselves, and placed a lot of importance on receiving likes and comments. Three themes surfaced pertaining to body image: responding to beauty ideals, comparing self with others, and display of self. Participants recognized and strove to adhere to a variety of beauty standards; some discussed experiencing appearance dissatisfaction when trying to measure up to these ideals. Moreover, participants frequently compared their looks or the number of likes/comments with others. Additionally, when posting photos of self, participants took an audience perspective, expressing concern with how others perceived their appearance.
Malaria endemic situation and comprehensive prevention and control measures in Caoxian County

OBJECTIVE To understand the malaria endemic characteristics and control measures in Caoxian County, Shandong Province, so as to summarize the experiences of malaria elimination. METHODS The data of malaria endemic situation and control measures in Caoxian County from 1953 to 2014 were collected and descriptively analyzed, and the control effectiveness was evaluated. RESULTS The incidence of malaria reduced from 13.25% in 1970 to 0.33% in 1983, and no malaria case was found in 1986. The goal of basic malaria elimination was achieved. The sporadic malaria infections were found from 2006 to 2010, and three imported malaria cases were found in Caoxian County from 2011 to 2014. CONCLUSIONS The effect of comprehensive prevention and control measures taken in Caoxian County is significant, and the goal of malaria elimination has been reached. The imported malaria and secondary cases are future focuses of malaria control work.
Sleep Duration and Weight-Related Behaviors among Adolescents.

Abstract Background: Insufficient sleep is widespread among adolescents and has consequences that extend far beyond hampering day-to-day functioning. It may influence eating and physical activity p...