cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tolerance development to the biphasic effects of morphine on locomotor activity and brain acetylcholine in the rat.

The development of tolerance to the depressant and stimulant actions of morphine on locomotor activity and brain acetylcholine (ACh) utilization (indirect turnover) was investigated in the rat. When administered to nontolerant rats, 1.0 mg/ kg s.c. of morphine produced an increase in locomotor activity and a concomitant increase in ACh utilization. Larger doses produced biphasic effects on locomotor activity, but only 10 mg/kg s.c. resulted in both an initial decrease and subsequent increase in ACh utilization in whole rat brain. The depressant and stimulant actions of morphine on both endpoints were antagonized by 1.0 mg/kg i.p. of naloxone administered 30 min before the maximum effect. Tolerance to morphine was produced by t.i.d. injections of increasing doses. Rapid tolerance developed to the locomotor depressant actions of morphine and to the decrease in brain ACh utilization. Tolerance to the depressant effects resulted in an enhanced stimulant action. Tolerance also developed to the stimulant actions of morphine but only when large doses of drug were administered daily. Biphasic effects of 10 mg/kg of morphine on brain ACh utilization were also observed in the hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus. Only a decrease in ACh utilization was observed in the caudate nucleus. Tolerance developed to the decreases and increases in ACh utilization in these discrete brain regions. This study demonstrates that tolerance development to the depressant and stimulant actions of morphine is complex and involves different dose and time schedules. It is not possible therefore to study tolerance to the actions or morphine without specifying the precise endpoint studied and the tolerance schedule utilized.
Occasion setting by drug states: Functional equivalence following similar training history.

Three experiments examined whether a drug state serving as a positive feature for pairings between a discrete conditional stimulus (CS, 15-s light or 15-s noise) and sucrose could transfer facilitative control to a CS with which it had never been presented. To do so, a CS was paired with a sucrose reward in the nicotine (0.4 mg/kg), amphetamine (AMP, 1 mg/kg), or chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 5 mg/kg) drug state; in separate saline sessions the CS was presented but was not followed by any reward. All three drug states facilitated responding to a discrete CS; previous studies found that this facilitation did not depend on direct associations between the drug state and sucrose. When a second discrimination was trained (e.g., CDP: light-sucrose and nicotine: noise-sucrose) the drug states facilitated responding to the CS trained in that state (nicotine: noise) as well as the CS normally presented in the other drug state (e.g., nicotine: light). A novel drug state (e.g., amphetamine) did not affect responding to either CS, indicating that the originally trained drug states had acquired functional similarity based on learning history. Also, a novel or ambiguous CS did not evoke responding in the previously trained drug state, indicating that both the features (drug states) and target conditional stimuli had to be trained in discriminations before transfer could occur.
Mature Cluster’s Risk Evaluation

In view of the adverse effect of declining cluster, a method of analyzing and assessing declining risks of mature cluster is studied. Through analyzing causes of declining risks, an evaluation index system for declining risks is built. According to the index system, the characteristic patterns of different risk levels are described. Owing to the complexity and uncertainty of cluster system, a TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method based on fuzzy nearness degree is proposed to assess declining risks.
Structure and Measurement of Ethnic Identity for Asian American College Students.

The authors investigated the structure and measurement of ethnic identity using the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; J. S. Phinney, 1992) on a diverse sample of Asian American college students. The authors drew upon 3 previously published datasets to examine the factor structure of the MEIM, initial reliability and construct validity, demographic group differences, and concurrent validity with psychological well-being. The authors identified a 3-factor structure of the MEIM composed of Cognitive Clarity, Affective Pride, and Behavioral Engagement, and these 3 ethnic identity subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability and construct validity with some initial evidence for differential concurrent validity on 2 measures of well-being.
Predicting success in a physician-extender training program.

Summmy.-Objective psychological measurements and personal historical data were taken on 67 physician extenders in 5 consecutive classes at a Southeastern university over 18 mo., October 1972 to April 1974. A multiple regression analysis was done between these variables and grades in didactic, clinical, and interpersonal skill evaluations, which were averaged to calculate a curnularive grade point average (AGPA). Nine of the independent variables accounted for 47 % of the variations observed in the AGPA. The significant variables are consistent with common sense expectations and have provided the basis for further study. The relationship between personality and program success has proved useful in considering candidates for admissions and in counseling students alteady matriculated. Scholastic achievement entrance examinations piobably do not provide the most useful information for predicting performance in the well defined work environment of technologies characterized by algorithmic casks and calling for complex interpersonal skills. Mosc candidates for physician-extender1 training programs are oriented toward psychomotor tasks performed with a high degree of precision. Published accounts of entrance criteria for physician-extender programs include traditional examinations (SAT, ACT), the evaluation of past academic performance and reliance on past experience (5 ). There does not now appear to be any systematic non-traditional resting to assist in the selection of physicianextender candidates. There is little in the literature to indicate that personality variables have been associated with any criteria for physician-extenders' academic or occupational success. The purpose of this study was to determine if certain personality variables may be significant in predicting criteria for success of candidates enrolled in a competency based, health-oriented, occupational training program. If certain personality types are associated with greater success in completing the programs objectives, this information may prove valuable for student counseling and selection.
Lesser effects of endotoxin on intestinal weight in young versus older dogs.

SummaryIn dogs, susceptibility of the intestine to pooling of blood and tissue fluid during the portal hypertensive phase of endotoxin shock is diminished in younger animals. Pressure changes in large and small vessels of the mesentery and changes in intestinal weight per increment in portal pressure of young dogs given endotoxin were similar to the changes previously observed during mechanical elevation of the portal pressure suggesting analogous mechanisms are involved. Thus, during the early period, lesser effects of endotoxin (1 mg/kg) upon the amount of pooling in intestines of immature dogs may be due to an increase in arteriolar resistance, in contrast to the circumstances in older animals in which a decline in arteriolar resistance appears to occur after endotoxin administration.
Assessing gains from woodsworker training

This paper describes the environment for woodsworker training in the U.S. and presents a decision model for evaluating training gains. Results of a field experiment on chokersetting using control and experimental groups are presented. Experimental results are incorporated into the decision model to determine if the logging firm will recoup its training investment. Results show logging firms could recover training costs with productivity gains before workers change jobs in chokersetting. Sensitivity analysis and simulation potentials are also discussed.
Heuristic for SQL extension of the XRDB model

This research is motivated by the insufficient tools for data sharing and data integration in the relational database model. Data integration requires a union of multiple queries to merge semantically similar data from different sources. The eXtensible Relational Database (XRDB) model [2] is a conceptual solution to this problem and it introduces an extension to SQL, the eXtensible Template Query Language (XTQL), to facilitate and automate data sharing.
Urticaria associated with giardiasis lamblia.

Abstract Two cases have been described in which urticarial episodes correlated well with the presence of Giardia lamblia in the stool. Treatment of the giardiasis was followed by disappearance of the urticaria. Upon return of the giardia in the stool, the urticaria also returned. The treatment of choice appeared to be quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine).
Ethics of Medical Records and Professional Communications

Please approve the following synopsis as it will appear in the table of contents: In child and adolescent psychiatry, medical records and professional communications raise important ethical concerns for the treating or consulting clinician. Although a distinction may be drawn between internal records (eg, medical records and psychotherapy notes) and external communications (eg, consultation reports and correspondence with pediatricians), several ethical principles apply to both types of documentation; however, specific considerations may vary, depending upon the context in which the records or communications were produced. Special care is due with regard to thoroughness and honesty, collaboration and cooperation, autonomy and dignity of the patient, confidentiality of the patient and family members, maintaining objectivity and neutrality, electronic communications media, and professional activities (eg, political advocacy). This article reviews relevant ethical concerns for child and adolescent psychiatrists with respect to medical records and professional communications, drawing heavily from forensic and legal sources, and offers additional recommendations for further reading for clarification and direction on ethical dilemmas.
Simplified Phased-Mission System Analysis for Systems with Independent Component Repairs.

Accurate analysis of reliability of system requires that it accounts for all major variations in system's operation. Most reliability analyses assume that the system configuration, success criteria, and component behavior remain the same. However, multiple phases are natural. We present a new computationally efficient technique for analysis of phased-mission systems where the operational states of a system can be described by combinations of components states (such as fault trees or assertions). Moreover, individual components may be repaired, if failed, as part of system operation but repairs are independent of the system state. For repairable systems Markov analysis techniques are used but they suffer from state space explosion. That limits the size of system that can be analyzed and it is expensive in computation. We avoid the state space explosion. The phase algebra is used to account for the effects of variable configurations, repairs, and success criteria from phase to phase. Our technique yields exact (as opposed to approximate) results. We demonstrate our technique by means of several examples and present numerical results to show the effects of phases and repairs on the system reliability/availability.
Physical studies on the binding of cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (II) to DNA and homopolynucleotides.

Abstract The amount of cis-dichlorodiamine platinum(II) bound to DNAs of varying ( dA + dT ) content was assayed by both ultraviolet absorbance spectrophotometry and the use of the radioisotope 195Pt. Radioisotope labeling indicates twice as much bound platinum as do optical measurements. The molar ratio of bound platinum r at saturation is approximately half the sum of the nearest-neighbor frequencies of all base-pairs that do not contain thymine. We therefore conclude that platinum does not bind to thymine in DNA. Chromatographic studies with [14C] purine-labeled DNA indicate preferential binding of platinum to guanine, followed by binding to adenine. The luminescence properties of DNA and of homopolynucleotides are strongly affected by bound platinum as a result of a heavy-atom effect. A plot of the fluorescence-to-phospho-rescence ratio as a function of r gives a saturation binding curve similar to that obtained using 195Pt. Ultraviolet irradiation of DNA treated with the platinum compound results in a 30% increase in the rate of formation of thymine homo-cyclobutadipyrimidine. When acetophenone sensitization is employed, platinum binding enhances cytosine homocyclobutadipyrimidine formation 10-fold, presumably because the triplet level of cytosine complexed with platinum is lowered below that of acetophenone. The viscosity of DNA decreases sharply upon binding platinum, with half the change occurring when less than 6% of the bases are complexed. From the rate of reaction with formaldehyde, we conclude that binding of the platinum compound to DNA induces small denatured regions that unwind in the presence of formaldehyde with a rate about 40 times slower than that of a single-strand chain break.
Blockade of prolymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor C in dry eye disease.

Objective To determine whether blocking prolymphangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) would suppress alloimmunity in dry eye disease using a murine model. Methods The effects of intraperitoneal injections of 400 μg of anti–VEGF-C antibody (treated group) and intraperitoneal normal saline (untreated group) were studied in murine dry eyes induced by exposing mice to high-flow desiccated air in a controlled-environment chamber. Growth of lymphatic vessels and infiltration of macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using CD31 (panendothelial marker), lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (lymphatic endothelial marker), and CD11b (monocyte and macrophage marker). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify expression of different inflammatory cytokine transcripts in the conjunctiva and lymph nodes as well as vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3) in the cornea. Results Blocking VEGF-C led to significant reductions in lymphatic caliber (P = .02) and lymphatic area (P = .006) in the corneas of mice with dry eye disease. In addition to significantly decreasing CD11b + cells (P = .005), anti–VEGF-C treatment significantly decreased transcript levels of VEGF-C (P = .002), VEGF-D (P = .01), and VEGFR-3 (P = .02) in the corneas of the treated group. A significant decrease in expression of inflammatory cytokines in the conjunctiva (interleukin 1α, P = .003; interleukin 1β, P = .02; interleukin 6, P = .005) and lymph nodes (interferon γ, P = .008; interleukin 17, P = .003) was also seen with anti–VEGF-C treatment. Conclusion Treatment with anti–VEGF-C led to significant improvement in dry eye disease, reflected by a decrease in inflammation at the clinical, molecular, and cellular levels. Clinical Relevance Targeting prolymphangiogenic growth factors or their receptors could inhibit the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells to the draining lymph nodes and hence prove to be a potential therapeutic target for dry eye disease.
Pre Embryos: The Tiniest Spect of Potential Life Carrying the Seeds for Sweeping Change

The Bush administration has issued two announcements over the last six months which could shape the future of stem cell research, abortion and the disposition of frozen embryos. On July 25, 2002, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced that federal funds would be available to qualified applicants for the development and implementation of programs designed to promote public awareness of the option of "adopting" frozen embryos. Then, on October 1, 2002, the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee under the Clinton Administration was reformed into the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Human Research Protections. Under its new charter, the Committee must provide advice concerning responsible research involving human subjects, with particular emphasis on pregnant women, embryos and fetuses. 1
Accessibility in virtual worlds

Virtual worlds present both an opportunity and a challenge to people with disabilities. Standard ways to make such worlds accessible to a broad set of users have yet to emerge, although some core requirements are already clear. This paper describes work in progress towards an accessible 3D multi-player game that includes a set of novel tools for orienting, searching and navigating the world.
Adrenocortical and thyroid function in the castrate male dog.

INTRODUCTION THE extensive and somewhat conflicting literature on the effect of gonadectomy on the thyroid and adrenal has been reviewed by a number of authors (Andersen and Kennedy, 1933; Smith, 1946; Blumenfeld, 1939; Farbman, 1944). Most of the older studies, however, have been limited to observations on the weight and histology of these organs, and there is relatively little data on thyroid and adrenal function. Nowell’s observation (1953) that the gonadectomized rat has a decreased ascorbic acid fall in response to cold stress emphasizes the question of whether or not the pituitary-adrenal axis is capable of responding normally to stress in the castrate animal. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine the effect of castration on adrenocortical and thyroid function in the male dog. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight adult mongrel dogs weighing 9.6 to 11.5 kg. were castrated. Two weeks later their eosinopenic response to the intramuscular administration of a single dose of 40 international unit...
Experimental estimate of the electron-tunneling distance for some outer-sphere electrochemical reactions

Abstract : Estimates of the reaction zone thickness over which electron tunneling can effectively occur for the outer-sphere electrochemical reduction of some Cr(III) complexes are obtained by comparing the observed work-corrected rate constants with unimolecular rate constants for the electroreduction of structurally similar surface-bound Cr(III) reactants. Effective reaction zone thicknesses of ca. 0.1-0.3 A and ca. 5 A are obtained for outer-sphere electron transfer with Cr(III) reactants containing predominantly aquo or ammine ligands, respectively. This indicates that the former reactions are marginally nonadiabatic whereas the latter are decidedly adiabatic at their respective places of closest approach. These findings are compatible with the greater reactant-electrode separation distances previously noted for Cr(III) aquo relative to ammine complexes resulting from the more extensive hydration sheath surrounding the former reactants. Comparisons with recent calculations performed for some outer-sphere homogeneous reactions suggest that efficient tunneling takes place over roughly comparable distances at metal-electrolyte interfaces and in bulk solution. (Author)
Equilibrium line altitude variations with latitude, today and during the Late Wisconsin

Abstract Present-day and late Wisconsin glacier equilibrium line altitudes (ELA) were compared on a transect from Patagonia along the coastal Cordillera to Alaska, and a transect from Mexico along the Sierra Madre-Rocky Mountains to Alaska. Late Wisconsin ELA's were determined from cirques occupied during the late Wisconsin, and present day ELA from observations of active cirque glaciers. The mean change in ELA from the late Wisconsin to the present was 735 m, with a standard deviation of 120 m. This indicates that the change in snowline altitude from the present to the late Wisconsin was approximately uniform and not latitudinally dependent.
Synthesis and characterization of sterically expanded ansa-η1-fluorenyl-amido complexes

Abstract The octamethyloctahydrodibenzofluorenyl (Oct) ligand has been incorporated into twelve ansa -Oct-amido complexes having the general structures Me 2 Si(η 1 -C 29 H 36 )(η 1 -N- t Bu)MX 2 · L or Me 2 Si(η 5 -C 29 H 36 )(η 1 -N- t Bu)MX 2 (M = Zr or Hf): 2 (X = Cl, L = Et 2 O); 3 (X = Br, L = Et 2 O); 4 (X = Me, L = Et 2 O); 5 (X = Me, L = THF); 6 (X = CH 2 Ph); and 7 (X = CH 2 SiMe 3 ). The solid-state structures have been determined for seven of these complexes by X-ray crystallography, revealing η 5 -C 29 H 36 coordination for the ether-free, pseudotetrahedral species 6-Zr , 6-Hf , and 7-Zr , but η 1 -C 29 H 36 coordination for the ether-bound, trigonal bipyramidal species 2-Zr , 3-Zr , 3-Hf , and 5-Zr . The unusual η 1 -C 29 H 36 coordination was assigned because only one metal–carbon bond in each structure was in the range of 2.281–2.330 A; a second metal–carbon distance was found between 2.731 and 2.847 A; the remaining metal–carbon distances were found between 3.130 and 4.029 A. An increase in the hapticity of these and other Oct- and fluorenyl-containing compounds was correlated to a convergence in the carbon–carbon bond lengths within the relevant five-membered rings.
Application of stabilizing predictive control to boilers

A multivariable state space formulation of the GPC (generalized predictive control) law that can be implemented using output feedback is described. A particular nonminimal state space model allows the current state to be known without the use of an observer. The penalty on the terminal value in the GPC cost criterion is modified to yield a predictive control law that ensures stability of the closed loop system for arbitrary costing horizons. This control law, termed stabilizing predictive control (SPC), is extended to achieve asymptotic tracking of the reference signal. The SPC law is then applied to a continuous time boiler model with good preliminary results. >
Detection and Positional Cloning of Blood Pressure Quantitative Trait Loci: Is It Possible? Identifying the Genes for Genetic Hypertension

Abstract Identification of the quantitative trait loci that influence blood pressure and cause genetic hypertension is a major challenge. Several genetically hypertensive rat strains exist and can be used to locate by linkage analysis broad chromosomal regions containing blood pressure quantitative trait loci. Such broad chromosomal regions, and then narrower subregions, can be moved among strains (ie, production of congenic strains and congenic substrains) to identify small chromosomal regions containing the blood pressure quantitative trait loci. However, ultimate positional cloning of the quantitative trait loci presents a major difficulty because the genetic variants involved are likely to result in subtle changes in function rather than the blatant loss of function characteristic of all mendelian disease genes discovered so far by positional cloning.
Effects of the affinity ligands 14-β-chloroacetylnaltrexone and 14-β-bromoacetamidomorphine on [3H]-dihydromorphine binding sites in rat brain

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects in vitro of the affinity ligands 14-β-chloroacetylnaltrexone (CAN) and 14-β-bromoacetamidomorphine (BAM) to characterize the pharmacological specificity of the ligands for high and low affinity opioid binding sites. Rat brain membranes were incubated with 2.0 μM BAM or CAN, or their parent compounds (morphine and naltrexone, respectively) at 37° for 45 min, and the membranes were washed extensively to remove the unbound ligand. The specific binding of 0.3 nM [ 3 H]dihydromorphine ([ 3 H]DHM) was reduced 32 ±7% in membranes treated with CAN and BAM, whereas specific binding in preparations treated with morphine and naltrexone was not significantly different from controls. An increased affinity of BAM and CAN relative to morphine and naltrexone could not account for the observed irreversible inhibition, since the relative affinity of CAN was similar to that of naltrexone and that of BAM was 10-fold less active than morphine. Saturation binding assays revealed that the affinity ligands selectively abolished a high affinity binding site ( K d = 0.3 nM, B max 95 moles/mg protein), which comprised approximately one-third of the total number of sites. The affinity of the remaining site ( K d = 4.0 nM) was not altered significantly. The results indicate that the inhibition caused by the affinity ligands is irreversible and represents inactivation of high affinity opioid binding sites in a relatively selective manner.
Inner Dynamics of the Chinese House Church Movement: The Case of the Word of Life Community

The Word of Life house church movement is considered to be one of the most influential Christian movements in China for the past three decades, with its network touching all 23 provinces and autonomous zones in China. It is also one of the largest house church networks that emerged in central China in the past three decades. This paper gears at investigating the inner dynamics that has underscored the growth and vitality of the movement by incorporating some insights from studies on historical Christian renewal movements. A variety of categories or models are employed, such as paradigm shifts, the role of key leaders, its basic structure, system of training, community, gospel for the poor, dynamic and vitality, through which the WOL movement is closely examined. Hopefully, this paper opens a window of understanding of the Word of Life movement and yields some insights that may be referenced in the larger hermeneutical community.
An Exploratory Study of Gender in Project Management: Interrelationships with Role, Location, Technology, and Project Cost:

This study explores whether gender differences in project managers are related to gender differences in their team members. Gender differences are explored in the context of project managers’ and t...
Hydrogen isotopes in Mariana arc melt inclusions: Implications for subduction dehydration and the deep-Earth water cycle

Abstract Water is carried into Earth's mantle at subduction zones via hydrous mineral phases in subducting lithospheric plates. A certain fraction of this water is released during subduction and leads to the generation of arc volcanism. The extent of lithosphere dehydration and associated hydrogen isotope fractionation are critical to understanding the global water cycle. To further understand the origin of subduction-related fluids and how water is exchanged between Earth's reservoirs, we have analyzed volatiles and δ D of magmatic melt inclusions from the Mariana arc. We find high δ D values, ranging from − 55‰ to − 12‰, indicating release of D-enriched fluids from the subducting plate into the mantle wedge. A consequence of this process is the formation of complementary hydrous mantle components that are D-enriched (mantle wedge) and D-depleted (slab). This implies that ocean island basalts (OIB) with recycled slab components should be characterized by low δ D, while high δ D signatures are expected from OIB containing recycled mantle wedge peridotite. These results have important implications for the hydrogen isotope evolution of terrestrial H 2 O reservoirs. Based on the magnitude of subduction-related fractionations, we show that terrestrial δ D variations are inconsistent with steady-state exchange of water between the mantle and surface reservoirs. We suggest that the subduction process is responsible for the present-day δ D difference observed between Earth's major water reservoirs.
The others' values: On the importance of ethnographic ways of looking, seeing, knowing, and acting for performance technologists

The foundational assumptions of performance improvement come from a single-mindedly economic and engineering orientation. Yet this orientation arises from a concern for maintaining and enhancing other forms of value. This other form of value, perhaps arising from cultural and social spheres, is normally unmentioned or marginalized in contemporary human performance technology. This article recovers and reintroduces this other form of value and promotes it as an important, and even essential, component of the future of performance technology.
Steady-state stability of synchronous machines as affected by voltage-regulator characteristics

STEADY-STATE stability of synchronous machines is an old subject, and the fact that voltage regulators may on occasion increase the stability limit is more or less well known.1 The present paper, however, aims to contribute to the knowledge of the subject by:
DATEM: Towards QoS Aware Event Notification Framework for Delay Tolerant Networks

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs), which are wireless networks prone to long delays and frequent disruptions are increasingly becoming common. We are exploring the challenges involved in designing effective event notification framework on DTNs. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a delay-tolerant event notification framework called DATEM based on the philosophy that failures and delays are too common to be effectively masked from applications. DATEM represents a comprehensive redesign of traditional event routing mechanisms and system management techniques. First, the framework exposes the delay- and failure-prone nature of the underlying network to the applications via an enhanced set of API and let them handle these parameters in an application specific manner. Second, it incorporates a novel event routing protocol that enables the nodes of the delay tolerant network to collaboratively achieve QoS requested by the applications. Third, a utility-aware event prioritization scheme is designed to prioritize event-packets that have the largest impact on the performance of DATEM framework. Our experimental study shows that DATEM provides significant performance benefits when compared with traditional event notification schemes.
The Inappropriateness of Using Participants' Reactions to Evaluate Effectiveness of Training

The prevailing wisdom in the evaluation of training effectiveness is that participants' reactions are of limited utility; however, they continue to be the preferred instrument in most industrial settings. The end result of this policy could be disastrous as well as expensive in light of research which indicates that training participants tend systematically to distort their evaluations of training in a positive fashion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLID DESICCANT COOLING

ABSTRACT The DINC (Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling) cycle was proposed in 1986 by Texas A6H researchers. The idea wae to combine the benefits of direct and indirect evaporative cooling with desiccant dehumidifying using a rotating aolid silica-gel dehumidifier. Recent parametric studies completed for the Texas Energy Ramarch In Applications Program have-devoloped a computer desrgn for s nomlnal 3-con system that would minimize the energy conuvmption (both thermal and electric) while mslntainina a sensible heat ratio of 75% or less. That “optimum design” for the original 1986 DINC cycle wae modified to improve ite energy efficiecy. The modifications deecribed in this paper were: (1) staging the desiccant regeneration air and (2) recirculation of the primary air to the secondary aide of the indirect evaporative cooler. Computer simulations were run to study the effect of the modifications on the performance of the system. American Refrigeration Institute (ARI) standard conditions (Ambient sir at 35°C. 4...
Female mallard mating preferences for multiple male ornaments. I. Natural variation

Mating preferences were studied in captive wild-stock female mallards. Independent observers scored ornament brightness for the bill and eight plumage areas of male mallards on a scale of 1 to 6. Ornament scores were generally positively correlated with each other as indicated by univariate correlations and principal component analysis. Males with higher bill scores were significantly more likely to obtain pairings. None of eight individual plumage ornaments were significant predictors of pairing success, but males with higher average plumage scores had significantly higher pairing success. Males that completed the molt first were also significantly more likely to be paired. Thus females may have paid some attention to plumage brightness. Stepwise multiple regression produced a model that included only bill and molt, both of which contributed a similar degree (r 2 = 0.39); plumage ornaments and size measurements did not enter the model. These results are interpreted in light of hypotheses for the evolution of multiple ornaments, and phylogenetic plumage patterns in dabbling ducks.
Kinetics and Oxygen Requirements of a Light-Induced Electron Spin Resonance Signal from Whole Spinach Chloroplasts

Kinetics and Oxygen Requirements of a Light-Induced Electron Spin Resonance Signal from Whole Spinach Chloroplasts
Catalytic cracking of the 400–450°C fraction of stavropol'skii petroleum on the AShNTs-3 zeolite-containing catalyst

1. The catalytic cracking of the 400–450°C fraction of Stavropol'skii petroleum on a zeolite-containing catalyst takes place with an increased degree of conversion of the raw material and a markedly greater yield of the naphtha fraction as compared with cracking on an alumosilicate catalyst. 2. For the same cracking conditions (temperature of 475°C flow rate for adding the raw material 1.2 h−1), the activity of the zeolite containing catalyst with respect to the naphtha is 16% by weight higher than the activity of the alumosilicate catalyst.
A unified OpenCL-flavor programming model with scalable hybrid hardware platform on FPGAs

Hardware accelerators are capable of achieving significant performance improvement. However, designing hardware accelerators lacks the flexibility and the productivity. Combining hardware accelerators with multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) is an alternative way to balance the flexibility, the productivity, and the performance. In this work, we present a unified hybrid OpenCL-flavor (HOpenCL) parallel programming model on MPSoC supporting both hardware and software kernels. By integrating the HOpenCL hardware IPs and software libraries, the same kernel function can execute as either hardware kernels on the dedicated hardware accelerators or software kernels on the general-purpose processors. Using the automatic design flow, the corresponding hybrid hardware platform is generated along with the executable. We use the matrix multiplication of 512×512 to examine the potential of our hybrid system in terms of performance, scalability, and productivity. The results show that hardware kernels reach more than 10 times speedup compared with the software kernels. Our prototype platform also demonstrates a good performance scalability when the number of group computation units (GCUs) increases from 1 to 6 until it becomes a memory bound problem. Compared with the hard ARM core on the Zynq 7045 device, we find that the performance of one ARM core is equivalent to 2 or 3 GCUs with software kernel implementations. On the other hand, a single GCU with hardware kernel implementation is 5 times faster than the ARM core.
An exploratory study of air emissions associated with shale gas development and production in the Barnett Shale.

Information regarding air emissions from shale gas extraction and production is critically important given production is occurring in highly urbanized areas across the United States. Objectives of this exploratory study were to collect ambient air samples in residential areas within 61 m (200 feet) of shale gas extraction/production and determine whether a “fingerprint” of chemicals can be associated with shale gas activity. Statistical analyses correlating fingerprint chemicals with methane, equipment, and processes of extraction/production were performed. Ambient air sampling in residential areas of shale gas extraction and production was conducted at six counties in the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Metroplex from 2008 to 2010. The 39 locations tested were identified by clients that requested monitoring. Seven sites were sampled on 2 days (typically months later in another season), and two sites were sampled on 3 days, resulting in 50 sets of monitoring data. Twenty-four-hour passive samples were collected u...
Intelligent agents for patient monitoring and diagnostics

This paper describes Intelligent Monitor Agents (IM-Agents), a project that utilizes intelligent multiagents to assist patient health care. Clinicians must simultaneously audit and interpret an overwhelming amount of information regarding a patient during the process of monitoring, performing diagnostics and determining therapeutic intervention. Multiple IM-Agents coordinate as a team with each agent performing specialized monitor and diagnostic tasks. Fuzzy logic, connection networks, trend analysis and qualitative logic methods are used within the dynamic decision modules of all IM-Agents. The agents are autonomous, interactive, mobile and capable of performing dynamic intelligent inference during execution. Decision functionality is demonstrated in preliminary prototype test cases involving emergency trauma scenarios, particularly focusing on stabilizing hemorrhagic shock.
Journal Club: Randomized phase III study 306 Adjunctive perampanel for refractory partial-onset seizures

A working understanding of antiepileptic drug development, critical appraisal of drug trial design, and interpretation of study results are fundamental for the neurologist and epileptologist, to incorporate newer anticonvulsant medications into clinical practice. In this Journal Club, we evaluate a phase III study by Krauss et al.1 that demonstrates efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel for refractory partial-onset seizures.
The distribution of the pi electronic charge of the carbon—carbon triple bond

Abstract It is shown that about 40% of the pi electronic charge of the CC “triple” bond in acetylene, fluoroacetylene, and lithium acetylene is outside of the CC internuclear region. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to describe these bonds as being made up of one sigma bond and two half pi bonds. The pi charge outside of the CC region is concentrated primarily in the neighboring bond region, which suggests a very direct explanation for the observed shortening of a single bond by the presence of an adjacent multiple bond.
To sail the skies of Mars - Scientific ballooning on the red planet

Balloons represent a novel approach to exploring the surface of Mars. One promising aerostat system incorporates a solar-powered balloon as a means of generating diurnally varying lift and so can 'hop' across the surface, obtaining detailed information at a large number of sites. Two important areas of research and testing are underway on solar balloon technology and balloon payload design. The solar balloon concept has been demonstrated on earth, but more work is needed on a 'flyable' version for Mars. Particular attention must be paid to radiation heat transfer and aerodynamic effects. A special 'snake' payload concept has been demonstrated that allows for balloon system traverses of the surface and provides a usable instrument platform. A balloon system of this type could obtain unique surface imaging and physical and chemical data. The flight of the balloon also provides in situ atmospheric boundary-layer and circulation measurements.
A stochastic gradual cover location problem

Covering models assume that a point is covered if it is within a certain distance from a facility and not covered beyond that distance. In gradual cover models it is assumed that a point is fully covered within a given distance from a facility, then cover gradually declines, and the point is not covered beyond a larger distance. Gradual cover models address the discontinuity in cover which may not be the correct approach in many situations. In the stochastic gradual cover model presented in this article it is assumed that the short and long distances employed in gradual cover models are random variables. This refinement of gradual cover models provides yet a more realistic depiction of actual behavior in many situations. The maximal cover model based on the new concept is analyzed and the single facility location cover problem in the plane is solved. Computational results illustrating the effectiveness of the solution procedures are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
The Origins and First Ten Years of Anthrozoös

(2012). The Origins and First Ten Years of Anthrozoos. Anthrozoos: Vol. 25, No. sup1, pp. s5-s7.
Purification and Characterization of the Pac1 Ribonuclease of Schizosaccharomyces Pombe

The pac1+ gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is essential for viability and its overexpression induces sterility and suppresses mutations in the pat1+ and snm1+ genes. The pac1+ gene encodes a protein that is structurally similar to RNase III from Escherichia coli, but its normal function is unknown. We report here the purification and characterization of the Pac1 protein after overexpression in E. coli. The purified protein is a highly active, double-strand-specific endoribonuclease that converts long double-stranded RNAs into short oligonucleotides and also cleaves a small hairpin RNA substrate. The Pac1 RNase is inhibited by a variety of double- and single-stranded polynucleotides, but polycytidylic acid greatly enhances activity and also promotes cleavage specificity. The Pac1 RNase produces 5'-phosphate termini and requires Mg2+; Mn2+ supports activity but causes a loss of cleavage specificity. Optimal activity was obtained at pH 8.5, at low ionic strength, in the presence of a reducing agent. The enzyme is relatively insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide but is strongly inhibited by ethidium bromide and vanadyl ribonucleoside complexes. The properties of the Pac1 RNase support the hypothesis that it is a eukaryotic homolog of RNase III.
Ultrafast laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for high spatial resolution chemical analysis

Abstract Femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to identify the spatial resolution limitations and assess the minimal detectable mass restrictions in laser-ablation based chemical analysis. The atomic emission of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) dopants in transparent dielectric Mica matrices was studied, to find that both these elements could be detected from 450 nm diameter ablation craters, full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM). Under optimal conditions, mass as low as 220 ag was measured, demonstrating the feasibility of using laser-ablation based chemical analysis to achieve high spatial resolution elemental analysis in real-time and at atmospheric pressure conditions.
Time-dependent dynamics of an intense laser-induced above-threshold Coulomb explosion

We use our recently proposed model to extract information about the nuclear dynamics from the Coulomb explosion data of Staudte et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 073003 (2007)]. Those data, taken at multiple intensities near the ionization appearance intensity for both ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ in linearly and circularly polarized light, show remarkable structure and regularity not easily explained by conventional models. Because our model does fit the spectra well, we can infer the qualitative time-dependent evolution of the system. In addition, it suggests a possible experimental signature of rescattering leading to above-threshold Coulomb explosion.
Visual Servoing for Robot Manipulators Considering Sensing and Dynamics Limitations

This paper presents a control scheme of visual servoing. Real-time vision guidance is necessary in many desirable applications of industrial manipulators. Challenge comes from the limitations of visual sensing and robot dynamics. Typical industrial machine vision systems have low sampling rate and large latency. In addition, due to the large inertia of industrial manipulators, a proper consideration of robot dynamics is important. In particular, actuator saturation may cause undesirable response. In this paper, an adaptive tracking filter is used for sensing compensation. Based on the compensated vision feedback, a two-layer controller is formulated using multi-surface sliding control. System kinematics and dynamics are decoupled and handled by the two layers of the controller respectively. Further, a constrained optimal control approach is adopted to avoid actuator saturation. Validation is conducted using a SCARA robot.© 2013 ASME
Inhibition of mechanosensory neurons in the crayfish. III. Presynaptic inhibition of primary afferents by a central proprioceptive tract

1. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial (VM) abdominal nerve cord region in crayfish causes inhibition of afferent EPSPs in many near-field mechanosensory interneurons (MSIs). This inhibition occurs without any detectable change in interneuronal membrane potential or conductance (Figs. 1 and 2). In an earlier report this region was shown to contain multisegmental proprioceptive interneurons that receive input from walking legs and swimmerets. 2. IPSPs evoked in one identified mechanosensory interneuron (Interneuron A) by VM stimulation, are too brief to account for the full period of EPSP suppression (Fig. 3). 3. In five recordings from unidentified MSIs, EPSPs that normally decrement during repetitive low frequency stimulation were able to facilitate during sustained periods of inhibition (Fig. 4). This suggests a differential effect of VM-evoked inhibition on two homosynaptic processes, depression and facilitation. 4. Stimulation of VM causes primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in mechanosensory afferents (MSAs) (Fig. 5). 5. Statements 1–4 are consistent with our view that presynaptic inhibition of MSAs arises in part from activity in central interneurons driven by input from thoracic walking legs as well as other segmental appendages. 6. Stable, short latency PAD, is correlated one-for-one with action potentials in the interganglionic connective. This suggests that some final inhibitory interneurons may be multisegmental (Fig. 6). 7. Occlusion experiments (Fig. 8) suggest that at least part of the PAD-producing network activated during walking may also be activated by the giant axons. Convergence of excitatory input from giant fibers and VM is also shown in one identified inhibitory neuron (Fig. 9).
Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of the Mud‐Water Interface of the Lake Huleh (Israel) Preserve

There is scant information about the chemical composition of the mud-water interface in shallow, aerobic, eutrophic bodies of water. This study is concerned with the chemical and mineralogical composition of the mud-water interface of the Lake Huleh preserve (Israel). The most important conclusion gleaned from this investigation is that elements preferentially sorbed by the mud from the mud-water interface in shallow, aerobic aquatic systems such as the Huleh preserve do so by two methods: organic matter sorption (cadmium, bromine) and scavenger action of ferric hydroxide (cesium, beryllium, mercury, tin, titanium, zirconium, bismuth, vanadium, molybdenum and iodine) type complexes. Forty-six elements were detected in the mud-water interface; their behavior in this system is described.
Chains, entropy, coding

Various definitions of the entropy for countable-state topological Markov chains are considered. Concrete examples show that these quantities do not coincide in general and can behave badly under nice maps. Certain restricted random walks which arise in a problem in magnetic recording provide interesting examples of chains. Factors of some of these chains have entropy equal to the growth rate of the number of periodic orbits, even though they contain no subshifts of finite type with positive entropy; others are almost sofic – they contain subshifts of finite type with entropy arbitrarily close to their own. Attempting to find the entropies of such subshifts of finite type motivates the method of entropy computation by loop analysis, in which it is not necessary to write down any matrices or evaluate any determinants. A method for variable-length encoding into these systems is proposed, and some of the smaller subshifts of finite type inside these systems are displayed.