cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anticipated shaming and criminal offending

Criminological research suggests that informal sanctions like shaming may have a stronger influence on crime than do formal sanctions, but research has yet to examine whether anticipated shaming may mediate the relationship between crime and variables derived from dominant micro-level theories. The present paper argues that variables derived from learning, control, strain, and deterrence theories influence criminal offending via their effect on anticipated shaming. Using data collected from a sample of young adults, results from both tobit and path analyses suggest that the prospect of shaming among friends and family bears a stronger direct relation to criminal intent than do more commonly examined variables and that the effect of such variables on criminal intent is largely indirect, mediated by anticipated shaming. We therefore suggest that crime control efforts might benefit from incorporating a greater role for Braithwaite's conception of reintegrative shaming.
AC loss properties of some Bi:2212/Ag Rutherford cables and a comparison with those of cables wound with NbTi and Nb3Sn

Abstract Calorimetric measurements of AC loss have been performed on Rutherford cables wound with NbTi, Nb 3 Sn, and Bi:2212/Ag strands, respectively. For the NbTi cables, various strand coatings had been applied, while for the Nb 3 Sn and Bi:2212/Ag cables the strand surfaces were just bare Cu or Ag, respectively. Most of the cables contained resistive cores: ribbons of kapton or titanium (NbTi cables), stainless steel (NbTi and Nb 3 Sn cables), and nichrome-80 (Bi:2212/Ag cables). In all cases the cores were found to lead to a strong suppression of the face-on (field normal to the broad cable face) coupling current loss; to such an extent that even the Bi:2212/Ag cables, which would otherwise be severely cross-sintered, evinced acceptable coupling loss. For most of the cables side-by-side interstrand contact resistances have been calculated. An `effective interstrand contact resistance', R ⊥,eff , has been defined, and an expression devised to enable its value in different-size cables to be converted to that of a `standard reference cable', R ⊥,eff.,ref. , for the purpose of intercomparison.
Generation of narrowband inversion with broadband laser pulses

We show experimentally, here for Na vapor, and theoretically that picosecond frequency-swept laser pulses create in multilevel systems an inversion profile that is far narrower than the pulse spectrum. This selectivity persists even when the Rabi frequency is substantially larger than the spacing between pumped and suppressed transitions.
Total pelvic exenteration with preservation of fecal continence.

Total pelvic exenteration may be required in the management of locally advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancy. Although prolonged survival may be achieved, the morbidity of this procedure is substantial. Many of the complications associated with total pelvic exenteration are related to the perineal wound, the necessity for two cutaneous stomas, and the creation of a empty pelvis that often has been previously irradiated. In selected cases, perineal preservation with restoration of coloanal continuity may significantly reduce postoperative morbidity. We report four cases of recurrent pelvic malignancy treated by total pelvic exenteration with preservation of fecal continence. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TRAF3: a new component of the TLR-signaling apparatus

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors of microbially derived molecules that, upon activation, provide a pathogen-specific inflammatory response, leading to an efficient eradication of microbial pathogens. An important question has been how TLRs can provide signaling diversity when challenged with genotypic and functionally distinct pathogens. Recently, two studies have shown that tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is an essential component of the TLR-signaling pathway, being a crucial regulator in the induction of TLR-specific inflammatory responses.
Defenestration of hepatic sinusoids in the pathogenesis of alcoholic hyperlipoproteinemia

The hepatic sinusoidal endothelium separates sinusoidal blood from hepatocytes; changes in the porosity of this endothelium may affect the passage of chylomicrons into hepatocytes and influence lipid metabolism. Chronic exposure to ethanol reduces the porosity of the endothelium; this mechanism may underlie the hyperlipoprotelium; hyperlipoproteinaemia observed in some people who drink heavily.
Low-temperature deposition of Ti(C, O) on polyimides via organometallic precursors

Amorphous Ti(C, O) films were deposited on a polyimide substrate at a low temperature (280°C) using an organometallic precursor. The surface was characterized by AES.
Taiwan's film importation from China: a political economy analysis of changes and implications:

For 40 years, Taiwan observed a strict `closed door' policy with China, concerning not only political and economic relations but also cultural relations. This study examines the changes in Taiwan's importation of China's media and cultural products from 1987, when the two societies resumed contact, to 1997, when both governments announced the most significant policy change. This article reviews the evolution of changes in Taiwan's policies on film importation from China, discusses the motivations for the policy changes and analyzes the implications of these changes. The purpose of this study is to explore relationships between the two Chinese societies' cultural relations and political and socioeconomic relations.
Implicit memory and aging: A cognitive neuropsychological perspective

Although it is well‐established that there are age deficits on measures of explicit memory, there is conflicting evidence as to whether implicit memory, as measured by performance on various repetition priming tasks, is impaired by age. In order to clarify the relation between aging and implicit memory, priming tasks were organized in the following categories: (a) perceptual‐item priming, (b) perceptual‐associative priming, (c) conceptual‐item priming, (d) conceptual‐associative priming, and (e) perceptual‐motor priming. The taxonomy took into account the type of mental representation that different priming tasks depend on, the neurological structures responsible for these representations, the extent to which priming tasks demand the formation of novel associations, and the various blends of data‐driven and conceptually driven processes that facilitate task performance. A literature review based on this taxonomy revealed two tentative conclusions. First, the processes associated with normal aging are like...
External-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer

External-beam radiotherapy is recommended for a 69-year-old man with localized prostate cancer. This therapy has evolved rapidly owing to the development of sophisticated techniques for focusing the radiation beam precisely on its target. Important adverse effects include radiation proctitis, cystitis, urethritis, and erectile dysfunction.
Dryland Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization

Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specifi c information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:1741–1757 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0076 Received 2 Mar. 2012. *Corresponding author (upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Dryland Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Soil & Water Management & Conservation
Choosing Targets for Glycaemia, Blood Pressure and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Elderly Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus in the ‘elderly’ poses unique management challenges that contribute to conflicting priorities. Individualized management requires taking into account each patient’s medical history, functional ability, home care situation, life expectancy and his/her health beliefs; individuals value trade-offs (e.g. quantity versus quality of life, and side effects as well as risks versus long-term benefits) differently. Moreover, this decision making relies on imperfect evidence. Target goals for three intermediate outcomes — glycaemic control (glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c]), blood pressure control and lipid control (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) — help keep management on track. Of these, glycaemic control is usually the most complex.
Periorbital comedones and their relationship to pitch tar: A cross-sectional analysis and a review of the literature

Abstract Background: Comedones, often in a periorbital distribution, have been claimed to be associated with pitch tar. Objective: This cross-sectional study compares the incidence of periorbital comedones between a group of individuals exposed to pitch tar and a control group. Methods: The incidence of periorbital comedones was determined in workers (n = 55) at a tar distillation plant. A comparison group (n = 55) not exposed to pitch tar was also examined for the presence of facial comedones. The respective incidence rates were compared by using the Fisher exact test. Results: Eighteen percent (10/55) of the study group and 4% (2/55) of the control group had periorbital comedones. The study group had a significantly greater incidence of periorbital comedones ( P = .01). Conclusion: The incidence of periorbital comedones is significantly greater in individuals exposed to pitch tar. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential relationship between pitch tar and periorbital comedones. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:624-7.)
An Ultra Low Power Bandgap Operational at Supply From 0.75 V

We present an ultra low power (200 nA current consumption) reverse bandgap voltage reference operational from supply voltages down to 0.75 V. The reference is a part of microprocessor system on chip implemented in a digital 130 nm CMOS process and has a total area of 0.07 mm2. The reference accuracy is ± 2.5% (5 sigma) over a temperature range of - 20 to 85°C without trimming. With trimming ± 0.5% accuracy is achieved.
Effects of temperature and prior residence on territorial aggression in the convict cichlid Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum

Aggression in the convict cichlid Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum was measured under two different environmental parameters after introduction of a conspecific intruder. Measurements were made after 24-hr and 48-hr teritorial residence times at both 26°C and 30°C. Eight fish established territories in individual tanks each containing one terra cotta pot. Intruders contained in a glass cylinder were introduced into the territories. An opaque divider separating the resident from the intruder was removed after a 15-min acclimation period. At 26°C, we observed a significant difference in the mean number of bites of the cichlids of 24-hr and 48-hr residency durations, whereas, at 30°C, such a difference did not exist. Statistical analysis showed that cichlids exhibited more aggression at 30°C than at 26°C. Increased aggression levels at the higher temperature may be related to the fact that cichlids establish territories and spawn at about 30°C.
Vinylic vs allylic deprotonation: An ab initio molecular orbital study of 2,3-dihydrooxepin and 1,3-cycloheptadiene

Abstract The 2,3-dihydrooxepin ring opens upon deprotonation with strong base presumably through an allylic anion which is predicted to be 15 kcal/mol lower in energy than the vinylic anion. Allylic deprotonation occurs with allyl angle expansion whereas vinylic deprotonation results in vinyl angle compression. The vinyl anion of 2,3-dihydrooxepin is stabilized by 8 kcal/mol relative to the vinyl anion of 1,3-cycloheptadiene suggesting that the presence of the oxygen lowers the energy of the vinyl anion.
J. B. Stoner and free speech: How free is “free”?

(1974). J. B. Stoner and free speech: How free is “free”? Western Speech: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 18-24.
99MTC-LABELED SIGMA -RECEPTOR-BINDING COMPLEX: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SPECIFIC BINDING TO HUMAN DUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMA (T47D) CELLS

σ-Receptors have recently been shown to be expressed in a variety of human tumor cells. In an attempt to prepare 99mTc chelates that would bind to σ-receptors and be useful for imaging σ-receptor-positive tumors, we have synthesized and characterized a bisaminothiol (BAT) chelate appended with a σ-receptor pharmacophore. The synthesis of target ligand VII was accomplished in three steps starting from bicyclic imidazolidino[1,2-d]dithiazapine. The labeling of the BAT ligand with 99mTc was carried out in high yields (>80%) using stannous tartarate as a reducing agent, resulting in the target σ-receptor-binding chelate [99mTc]BAT−EN6, III. Similarly, 99gTc chelate with ligand VII was prepared from ammonium pertechnetate by reduction with stannous tartarate. 99mTc-radiolabeled chelate was purified by reversed phase HPLC, and cell binding with human breast ductal carcinoma (T47D) was performed. A high degree of specific binding (90−97%) was obtained when σ-receptor ligands such as halogenated phenylethylenedia...
Distinct Ca2+ Sources in Dendritic Spines of Hippocampal CA1 Neurons Couple to SK and Kv4 Channels

Summary Small conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + (SK) channels and voltage-gated A-type K v 4 channels shape dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Synaptically evoked Ca 2+ influx through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activates spine SK channels, reducing EPSPs and the associated spine head Ca 2+ transient. However, results using glutamate uncaging implicated Ca 2+ influx through SNX-482-sensitive (SNX-sensitive) Ca v 2.3 (R-type) Ca 2+ channels as the Ca 2+ source for SK channel activation. The present findings show that, using Schaffer collateral stimulation, the effects of SNX and apamin are not mutually exclusive and SNX increases EPSPs independent of SK channel activity. Dialysis with 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N'N'N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), application of 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), expression of a K v 4.2 dominant negative subunit, and dialysis with a KChIPs antibody occluded the SNX-induced increase of EPSPs. The results suggest two distinct Ca 2+ signaling pathways within dendritic spines that link Ca 2+ influx through NMDARs to SK channels and Ca 2+ influx through R-type Ca 2+ channels to K v 4.2-containing channels.
A Non-invasive Model for Measuring Nociception after Tooth Pulp Exposure:

Temporomandibular arthritis will lengthen a rodent’s meal duration. We hypothesized that meal duration would also lengthen after tooth pulp exposure, suggesting that this behavior could be used to measure tooth nociception. To test this hypothesis, we placed rats in feeding units and subjected 4 anterior mandibular molars to pulp exposure, with and without pre-treatment with the analgesic buprenorphine-HCl. In the first study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in computerized sound-attenuated feeding modules, the pulp of 4 molars on the mandible were exposed, and meal duration was measured for 13 days. In a second study, rats were injected with either the analgesic buprenorphine-HCl or saline every 12 hrs; injections were started one day before pulp exposure. Meal duration was determined before and after treatment. In the first study, pulp exposure significantly increased daily meal duration for 8 days. In the second study, pulp exposure lengthened daily meal duration, but the group that was treated with buprenorphine-HCl showed no significant difference compared with control rats without pulp exposure. Evidence supports that a lengthening in meal duration is a response to tooth nociception and that this nociception can be measured for over a week.
Maternal influences on the ontogeny of basal levels of plasma corticosterone in the rat

Abstract To study the effect of maternal factors on circadian periodicity in plasma corticosterone in weanling rats, base levels of this steroid were assessed at 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr period in both blind and normal offspring of blind or normal dams. Blind litters reared by blind mothers do not show a daily periodicity in plasma corticosterone levels. However, blind litters reared by normal mothers do display significant daily fluctuations in the plasma levels of corticoids. All normal weanlings exhibit a significant daily periodicity in plasma corticosterone. Peak levels of corticosterone in normal weanlings, which were separated from their dams at Day 21 or reared by blind dams, were present at the onset of the dark period (2130). However, in normal weanlings which were not separated from their mothers, maximal corticosterone occurred several hours after lights off. These results demonstrate that the pattern of daily periodicity in plasma corticosterone levels in the weanling rat can be influenced both by maternal factors and by the light cycle.
The high-risk (disturbed and disturbing) college student

The disturbed and disturbing college student causes the most vexing concerns for student affairs administrators. The AISP model offers a useful and easily understood framework for dealing with the various challenges of this high-risk student population.
Numerical tests of a local exchange potential for atomic systems

Abstract Berrondo and Goscinski have proposed a functional dependence of the exchange energy kernel on the electron density. Their approximate exchange energy kernel is compared with the exact exchange energy kernel obtained from Hartee—Fock wavefunctions for neon, argon, and zinc. The Berrondo—Goscinski functional is asymptotically accurate beyond the outermost maximum of the radial distribution function, but serious divergences occur in the core.
On bivariate super vertex splines

A vertex spline basis of the super-spline subspace $$\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}$}}{S} _d^r : = S_d^{r,r + \left\lfloor {(d - 2r - 1)/2} \right\rfloor } (\Delta )$$ of Sdr(Δ), where d≥3r+2 and Δ is an arbitrary triangulation inR2, is constructed, so that the full approximation order ofd+1 can be achieved via an approximation formula using this basis.
Intercomparison of bulk cloud microphysics schemes in mesoscale simulations of springtime Arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds

Abstract A persistent, weakly forced, horizontally extensive mixed-phase boundary layer cloud observed on 4–5 May 1998 during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA)/First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment–Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE–ACE) is modeled using three different bulk microphysics parameterizations of varying complexity implemented into the polar version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). The two simpler schemes predict mostly ice clouds and very little liquid water, while the complex scheme is able to reproduce the observed persistence and horizontal extent of the mixed-phase stratus deck. This mixed-phase cloud results in radiative warming of the surface, the development of a cloud-topped, surface-based mixed layer, and an enhanced precipitation rate. In contrast, the optically thin ice clouds predicted by the simpler schemes lead to radiative cooling of t...
The association of functional anions with the oxygen-evolving center of chloroplasts

Abstract The association of the site of photosynthetic water oxidation with Cl − and other activating anions was analyzed with Photosystem II-enriched thylakoid particles prepared by Triton X-100 treatment. On the basis of the experimental evidence it is proposed that, regardless of the presence of the extrinsic 18 and 23 kDa polypeptides, the reactivation of Cl − -depleted particles by added anions is contingent upon the protonation of membrane-bound buffering groups with an apparent p K a of approx. 6. The rate of dissociation of the anion from the site of water oxidation followed the order NO 3 − . ClO 4 − . Br − ≈ Cl − . A model is developed that takes into account the known requirement of more than 1 anion/center for maximum activity. It assumes a finite and anion-dependent capacity of the water-oxidizing site for the activating anions, and that the rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution is proportional to the number of anions at the water-oxidizing enzyme. In accord with suggestions made earlier, and in agreement with their further elaboration by Coleman and Govindjee (Proc. 16th FEBS Congress, Moscow, VNU Science Press, Utrecht), it is proposed that the Cl − requirement of Photosystem II is linked to protonation-deprotonation events associated with photosynthetic water oxidation.
A Cross Cultural Perspective on Individualism and Collectivism Orientations

Abstract Individualism-collectivism measures, along with decision styles, were examined between two cultural groups of participants: Americans and Arabs. The American group participated in MBA executive programs, while the Arab group participated in international management development programs. American participants scored higher than their Arab counterparts on individualism, but less on collectivism measures. Participants in both groups displayed a strong preference for consultative and participative styles and determined that these two styles were the most effective in practice and that their immediate supervisors were consultative and participative. Similar constructs in each category were significantly and positively correlated, but negatively related to opposite measures.
Swelling Characteristics of 3D-Arbitrary-Geometry of the pH-Sensitive Hydrogels

We present our simulation results of swelling responses of the pH-sensitive, 3D-arbitarary-geometry hydrogel in steady state conditions. The swelling responses of the hydrogels to the changes in environmental stimuli such as solution pH are discussed. The finite element simulation uses three nonlinear partial-differential equations for responsible physical phenomena namely- chemical for ionic transport across the hydrogel, electrical for local electric charge balance within hydrogel, and mechanical for expansion of the hydrogel by the Nernst-Planck, the Poisson’s, and the mechanical field equations respectively. In the case of pH-sensitive hydrogel, material properties such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio changes with a change in surrounding environments. Finite element analysis used for present study was carried out by full coupling of above three partial-differential equations with variable material properties. Employing a moving mesh method for 3D geometry, the FEM simulation was performed to account for large-swelling of the pH-sensitive hydrogel. This highly nonlinear and computationally intensive simulation was performed using multicore parallel-processing computer. The simulation results using above mentioned strategy has been validated for 2D geometry and results are in agreement with other published experimental results.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Letter to the Editor---Comments on “Expectancy of Multiple Vehicular Breakdowns in a Tunnel”

This paper by Leslie C. Edie appeared in the November 1955 issue of this Journal vol. 3, p. 513. The problem is that of predicting the frequency of multiple breakdowns to be expected at a future time under conditions somewhat different from those prevailing when the data were collected. Unfortunately, Edie's method contains several errors in addition to the error which he found and eliminated.
Cis-trans test shows a functional relationship between non-allelic lethal mutations in the T/t-complex

Recessive lethal mutations in the T/t-complex of the mouse characteristically show defective genetic complementation, even when they affect very different stages of embryogenesis and are known to be nonallelic. To address the question of their genetic or functional relationship, we have applied the cis-trans test, using several well defined recombinant t-chromosomes that carry two or more lethal mutations, and others that are devoid of specific lethals. We show here that the defective complementation that occurs between different t-lethals is a specific result of the trans configuration; thus these genes, which may map as much as 15 cM apart, constitute a functional unit. Some speculations are presented to interpret this enigma in terms of DNA plasticity.
Binding of heparin to antithrombin III: The use of dansyl and rhodamine labels☆

Abstract Low molecular weight heparin of low-anticoagulant activity and high molecular weight heparin of correspondingly high activity were prepared by chromatography on protamine-Sepharose; preparations subjected to limited N -desulfation (5–10% free amino groups) by solvolysis were labeled with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) or rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). The fluorescent heparins retained approximately 50% of the original anticoagulant activities. Dansyl-heparin on binding to antithrombin III (ATIII) exhibited a 2.5-fold enhancement of dansyl fluorescence intensity. This effect could be prevented by excess unlabeled heparin. A 7900 molecular weight dansyl-heparin preparation bound to ATIII with a stoichiometry of close to 2:1 and with an apparent association constant for binding (K a ) of 4.9 × 10 5 , m −1 , whereas a 21,600 molecular weight fraction bound at 0.7:1 with the protein and with an apparent K a = 7.9 × 10 5 , m −1 . When ATIII reacted with a mixture of low molecular weight dansyl-heparin and low molecular weight RITC-heparin, there was enhancement of RITC fluorescence emission when excited at the dansyl excitation maximum; this effect was not observed when either of the labeled heparin species was prepared from high molecular weight material. The results are consistent with the proposal that a single molecule of high molecular weight, high-activity heparin occupies two sites when it binds to ATIII, whereas low molecular weight, low-activity heparin binds to the two sites separately.
The Scattering of Protons by Protons

Our measurements of proton-proton scattering during 1936 established the existence of large nuclear forces between protons at close distances, in addition to the usual Coulomb forces. These nuclear forces give rise to scattering in excess of the Coulomb prediction, appreciable at 700 kilovolts and very marked at 900 kv. In the energy region between 200 kv and 600 kv the amount of scattering to be expected on the basis of attractive nuclear forces is radically different from that to be expected on the hypothesis of repulsive nuclear forces since in the first case a decrease and in the second an increase, with respect to the classical scattering, is predicted. We have accordingly extended our measurements to include this energy region, and have obtained results which can only be explained by the assumption of a strong attractive force of short range acting in addition to the repulsive Coulomb forces between the particles. The magnitude of the nuclear force required is in approximate quantitative agreement with that deduced from our results of 1936, experimental difficulties due to the low residual energies of the scattered particles, and the very small numbers of counts in some regions of voltage and angle (as low as three percent of the Coulomb prediction) preventing a high precision in these results below 600 kv.
Steroid abnormalities in endometrial and breast carcinoma: a unifying hypothesis.

Abstract Studies were carried out to further identify the nonendocrine tissues in which peripheral estrogen synthesis takes place. To test the hypothesis that adipose tissue is an important site the conversion of androstenedione (A) to estrone (E1), [ρ] A-E1 , was measured in four obese women before and after enforced weight reduction (mean weight loss, 89 lbs). Unexpectedly the [ρ] A-E1 value increased in each subject following weight loss. These results suggest that the relationship between obesity and liver abnormalities may be more important than obesity alone in determining [ρ] A-E1 . A variety of human tissues were also assayed for their ability to form E1 from A and progesterone from pregnenolone. Normal breast and other tissues had low or undetectable activities and only 1 of 4 breast tumors had significant aromatase activity. Both normal and tumorous colon and rectum had relatively high progesterone forming activity whereas other tissues were inactive. These results are discussed in relation to previously reported abnormalities in steroid production and metabolism observed in breast and endometrial cancer patients.
Investigation of the effects of polishing and etching on the quality of Cd 1−x Zn x Te using spatial mapping techniques

We examined the effects of polishing and etching on the structural and electrical properties of various high pressure Bridgman Cd1−xZnxTe (CZT) crystals using high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and alpha particle mapping. Two etching solutions investigated are: (1) standard bromine-methanol solution, and (2) standard solution mixed with lactic acid. HRXRD, and in particular, triple axis x-ray diffraction (TAXRD) showed the effectiveness of the bromine-methanol etch in removing residual strain and damage from the CZT crystal. TAXRD mapping of a ∼5 cm2 CZT crystal after etching resulted in a reduction of the average rocking curve full width at half maximum to 15 arc-sec (compared to 23 arc-sec for the “as-received”). Alpha particle mapping of the electron risetime and the pulse height spectrum, along with leakage current measurements, showed varying effects of the different etching solutions on the surface properties (and hence their influence on the electrical and detector properties). These preliminary results show the importance and the sensitivity of the overall detector properties on the surface preparation conditions of CZT crystals used as radiation detectors.
Mechanistic investigation of the noncytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of triadimefon to triadimenol in hepatic microsomes.

Recently, much emphasis has been placed on understanding the toxic mode of action of the 1,2,4-triazole fungicides (i.e., conazoles) in an effort to improve and harmonize risk assessment. Relative to other conazoles, triadimefon is unique with respect to tumorigenesis in rodents, and it has been proposed that triadimefon does not share a common mechanism of toxicity with other conazoles. We postulate that one reason for this difference is that while many conazoles are metabolized via an oxidative P450-mediated pathway, triadimefon is not. In studies conducted with rat hepatic microsomes, triadimenol was identified as the major metabolite (∼80%) of triadimefon metabolism, and reduction of the carbonyl group in triadimefon occurred stereoselectively with preferential formation of the less toxic triadimenol B diastereomer. Using chemical inhibitors of P450s (i.e., clotrimazole and 1-aminobenzotriazole) and carbonyl reducing enzymes (i.e., glycyrrhetinic acid, quercitrin, and cortisone), both triadimefon depl...
An Improved Sulphur Hexafluoride Gas Handling System for a Potential Drop Partical Accelerator

An improved sulphur hexafloride (SF6) gas handling system has been designed and built for the Lewis Research Center 3.0 Mev Dynamitron Accelerator1 utilizing the original components provided with the accelerator. The purpose of the system is to remove the gas from the accelerator when opening is necessary, purify and store it, and return it to the vessel. The advantages are; reduction in cycle time from 7 hours to about 3 hours, reduction in unretrieved gas from 7% to as little as 0.02%, compactness and improved purification resulting from liquefaction and additional filtering, and safe, reliable semiautomatic operation. Design considerations, fabrication techniques, and performance evaluation of the system are given.
Development and evaluation of the Families, Cultures and Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) multimedia program.

Purpose : The Families, Cultures and AAC Project was designed to provide professionals and families with accurate, culturally sensitive information about augmentative communication technologies and decision making strategies through an innovative, user-friendly format. Methods : The project resulted in the development of the first interactive bilingual CD-ROM designed to be used by professionals at the pre- or in-service level, and family members from diverse cultures to develop AAC decisionmaking competencies. Results : The Interactive Health Communication (IHC) model provided an effective structure for conceptualizing, developing and evaluating the program. The program also incorporated universal access design concepts. The program was evaluated in the following 10 categories: usability, visual appearance, consistency, error tolerance, navigation, feedback, user control, redundant formats, content accuracy, and engaging styles. Conclusion : Reviewers of the program indicated that it was well designed an...
THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY OF HEMOGLOBIN IN SOME MARINE CLAMS. I. DISTRIBUTION OF THE PIGMENT AND PROPERTIES OF THE OXYGEN EQUILIBRIUM.

Abstract 1. 1. Hemoglobin has a rather widespread distribution among lamellibranch molluscs. In different species the pigment occurs in erythrocytes, in solution in the hemocoelic fluid, or in muscles and other tissues. 2. 2. Oxygen equilibria have been determined for Mercenaria mercenaria myoglobin, Cardita floridana blood plasma hemoglobin and Noetia ponderosa erythrocytic hemoglobin. 3. 3. Negative heme-heme interactions occur in C. floridana hemoglobin, a phenomenom of significance to the theory of configurational changes as applied to ligand-hemoglobin equilibria. 4. 4. The physiological significance of these lamellibranch hemoglobins is discussed.
P‐64: Inkjet Printable Metallic Conductors for Flat‐Panel Display Manufacturing

Inkjet printing represents a manufacturing process that can reduce the cost of large format flat panel TV's to a level where broad market penetration can be realized. Cabot Corporation has developed a family of inkjet printable metallic conductors with electrical performance properties, adhesion, jetting performance, and process compatibility, which makes them suitable for flat-panel display manufacturing.
Phenogram enumeration: The number of regular genotype-phenotype correspondences in genetic systems

Abstract A phenotype system is a mapping of a set of genotypes into a set of phenotypes. Two phenotype systems are permutationally equivalent if some permutation or combination of permutations of gene symbols or locus symbols makes them identical. A set of permutationally equivalent phenotype systems is called a phenogram . Two mappings of a set D into a set R are said to be equivalent and to belong to the same pattern if the first mapping performed on some permutation of D is identical to the second performed in conjunction with some permutation of R . Thus the number of phenotype systems which are identical under some permutation of gene or locus symbols is precisely the number of patterns of phenotype systems. De Bruijn's extension of Polya's fundamental counting theorem, which enumerates the number of patterns, is introduced in terms sufficiently general to allow its application to other biological enumeration problems. The theorem is used to solve the general phenogram enumeration problem, i.e. given any genetic system whatever, how many phenograms are there with exactly φ phenotypes? The results of calculations for several basic genetic systems are presented, along with some observations on these. A nomenclature which simplifies the presentation of two locus systems showing epistasis is suggested. Several applications of phenogram analysis are discussed.
An improved method of assessing esophageal emptying using the timed barium study following surgical myotomy for achalasia.

Introduction The timed barium study (TBS) is used to assess esophageal emptying in patients with achalasia. Improvement in emptying correlates with outcome after endoscopic therapy, but the results of the TBS have been variable after myotomy. Our aim was to evaluate a new method for assessing improvement in emptying after myotomy.
Cotton Quality and Fiber Properties: Part III: Effects of Drying at High Temperatures Prior to Ginning

The increased use of drying and cleaning equipment at cotton gins has occasioned complaints from spinners that the "quality" characteristics of cottons are being lowered due to "over drying" of the...
Why is particulate matter produced by wildfires toxic to lung macrophages

The mechanistic basis of the high toxicity to lung macrophages of coarse PM from the California wildfires of 2008 was examined in cell culture experiments with mouse macrophages. Wildfire PM directly killed macrophages very rapidly in cell culture at relatively low doses. The wildfire coarse PM is about four times more toxic to macrophages on an equal weight basis than the same sized PM collected from normal ambient air (no wildfires) from the same region and season. There was a good correlation between the extent of cytotoxicity and the amount of oxidative stress observed at a given dose of wildfire PM in vitro. Our data implicate NF-κB signaling in the response of macrophages to wildfire PM, and suggest that most, if not all, of the cytotoxicity of wildfire PM to lung macrophages is the result of oxidative stress. The relative ratio of toxicity and of expression of biomarkers of oxidant stress between wildfire PM and "normal" PM collected from ambient air is consistent with our previous results in mice in vivo, also suggesting that most, if not all, of the cytotoxicity of wildfire PM to lung macrophages is the result of oxidative stress. Our findings from this and earlier studies suggest that the active components of coarse PM from the wildfire are heat-labile organic compounds. While we cannot rule out a minor role for endotoxin in coarse PM preparations from the collected wildfire PM in our observed results both in vitro and in vivo, based on experiments using the inhibitor Polymyxin B most of the oxidant stress and pro-inflammatory activity observed was not due to endotoxin.
Novel setup for time-resolved fluorescence microscopy

Time-resolved fluorescence is a direct measure for excited states lifetimes, decay channels and corresponding rates. Hitherto, investigations on systems exhibiting fluorescence lifetimes below approximately 10 ps have been restricted to ensemble measurement. Ensemble measurements bear the disadvantage of averaging sample inhomogeneities and complex distributions. However, the latter problem can be circumvented by single-molecule experiments, without the restriction to special, typically simple systems that can be prepare with very high homogeneity. Time-resolved single-molecule microscopy is especially powerful as it allows one to probe the spatial, temporal and spectral inhomogeneities. At present, its most common implementation, the scanning confocal time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), is limited to a time resolution of 20 ps. In the wide-field epifluorescence microscopy temporal resolution is achieved by the use of intensified CCD cameras, the fastest of which reach resolution of 80 ps. Here we present a Kerr-gated microscope setup capable of collecting diffraction limited 2D fluorescence images with approximately 100 fs time resolution. The concept is based on the insertion of an optical Kerr gate into a standard wide-field microscope. In addition to the considerably improved temporal resolution, the wide-field design will allow simultaneous tracking of several molecules or nanoparticles and ultrafast fluorescence lifetime imaging of doped and heterogeneous surfaces. Preliminary measurements to demonstrate the performance of the setup are presented.
Theoretical underpinnings of service learning

(1997). Theoretical underpinnings of service learning. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 36, Community Service Learning, pp. 143-149.
High power high repetition rate VCSEL array side-pumped pulsed blue laser

High power, kW-class, 808 nm pump modules based on the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology were developed for side-pumping of solid-state lasers. Two 1.2 kW VCSEL pump modules were implemented in a dual side-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 946 nm. The laser output was frequency doubled in a BBO crystal to produce pulsed blue light. With 125 μs pump pulses at a 300 Hz repetition rate 6.1 W QCW 946 nm laser power was produced. The laser power was limited by thermal lensing in the Nd:YAG rod.
The mechanical threshold stress constitutive-strength model description of HY-100 steel

A generalized three-term mechanical threshold stress (MTS) strength model description, considering athermal, thermal, and strain-hardening contributions to flow stress, is employed to characterize the constitutive stress-strain response of HY-100 steel. Aspects of the MTS framework pertinent to United States Navy HY steels are discussed, and a calibration methodology is presented for determining MTS strength model parameters. In addition, a linear strain-hardening modification to the existing structure-evolution expression (flow-stress saturation) is proposed to better describe the large-strain strain-hardening behavior. Polycrystalline plasticity calculations suggest that the linear-like hardening behavior is a consequence of deformation-path-dependent texture evolution. Calculation results are applied to MTS model stress-strain predictions and, in part, help explain the differences between compression and torsion test data.
Meaningfulness and Community in the Classroom: The Role of Teamwork in Business Education

Abstract This research proposes that teams benefit the business education process because they enhance the task assessments that are suggested to be the basis for intrinsic task motivation or empowerment. Presented in this article is a theory supporting the use of teams to create a sense of meaningfulness and community in the classroom. The results of this study suggest that teams successfully enhance students' sense of meaningfulness and their sense of community. This study also supports the role of individual differences (global assessments of meaningfulness) as influential on how students respond to teams. Implications and directions for future research are also addressed.
GENERIC WORK BEHAVIOR: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DIMENSIONS OF ENTRY-LEVEL, HOURLY JOB PERFORMANCE

Generic work behavior is defined as behavior that contributes to the performance of virtually any job independent of technical job roles. Variations in generic work behavior are primarily dependent on differences in volition, and the effects of generic work behavior are likely to be the most prevalent in jobs where performance does not depend heavily on job-specific knowledge, skills, or ability. Analysis of supervisor ratings of specific employee behaviors gathered from 18,146 employees in 42 different hourly, entry-level jobs in predominantly retail settings suggests the existence of at least eight specific dimensions of generic work behavior: industriousness, thoroughness, schedule flexibility, attendance, off-task behavior, unruliness, theft, and drug misuse. These components were integrated with performance components identified in previous studies to develop a taxonomy of generic work behavior. Implications of this taxonomy for the measurement, prediction, and conceptualization of job performance are discussed.
Effects of tobacco smoking on caloric intake.

Reduced body weight due to smoking may be an important factor inhibiting smoking cessation and promoting relapse after cessation in some smokers. It is popularly believed that smoking decreases body weight by suppressing appetite. However, cross-sectional studies show that, despite their lower body weights, smokers do not eat less than non-smokers or ex-smokers and, in fact, tend to eat slightly more. Similarly, laboratory studies show no acute effects of smoking or nicotine intake via other means on caloric intake in smokers, although intake of non-smokers may be reduced after nicotine. In contrast, longitudinal studies show that eating consistently increases in the first weeks after stopping smoking, but may recede to pre-cessation levels with longer-term abstinence, while resumption of smoking after cessation is accompanied by a reduction in eating. A similar pattern of results is seen for self-reported hunger and some, but not all, constituents of diet. Thus, there appear to be no acute or chronic effects of smoking on eating in smokers maintaining regular smoking, but changes in eating are observed concomitant with changes in smoking status (i.e. cessation or relapse). Although tolerance to anorectic effects of nicotine is one potential explanation, these findings may be more parsimoniously explained by viewing changes in eating due to smoking as secondary to an alteration in the set point around which body weight is regulated. According to this notion, cessation is accompanied by increased eating only until a new, higher body weight set point is reached, while relapse (and perhaps initiation of smoking) decreases eating only until a lower set point is reached. Implications of these findings and a set point explanation for them are discussed.
Capturing Creativity: Using a Design Repository to Drive Concept Innovation

This paper describes how a design repository can be used as a concept generation tool by drawing upon archived function-based design knowledge. Modern design methodologies include several types of activities to formally generate design concepts. Typical concept generation methods range from open-ended creative brainstorming activities to quantitative function-component analysis. A combination of two such methods—the Chi Matrix and Morphological Matrix techniques—is the basis for this work. Building on existing functionality of the design repository, desired product functions can be specified in a search of stored design knowledge, returning a Morphological Matrix of artifacts solving the specified functions. Such a search is termed a Morphological Search. The repository Morphological Search feature is evaluated against concepts generated in a previous original design project. Results of the Morphological Search return are then compared to ten of the original concept variants generated during the design project. This comparison shows that 76% of the specified subfunctions return results and that, on average, 61.35% of the components used in the hand-generated concepts can be derived by using the Morphological Search feature.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Late recanalization at the site of failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed unsuccessfully, resulting in disruption and near-total closure of the proximal right coronary artery at the site of stenosis following balloon inflation. The artery could not be reopened in the catheterization laboratory despite intracoronary nitroglycerin, sublingual nifedipine, and multiple balloon inflations. Myocardial revascularization surgery was immediately performed with excellent graft flow. No apparent myocardial infarction resulted. Catheterization performed at one year showed normal left ventriculography, total occlusion of the bypass graft, and reopening and normalization of the right coronary artery at the site of PTCA-induced occlusion. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon and its clinical implications are discussed.