cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid developing empyema by group F beta Streptococcus anginosus group.

A 43-year-old male had progressive pleuritic left-sided chest tightness with shortness of breath. He had dental caries and tenderness on palpation of the left lateral chest. Complete blood count showed leucocytosis. CT scan of the chest with pulmonary emboli protocol showed multiple pulmonary nodules and nodular pleural thickening at left posterior lateral pleura. Forty-eight hours post CTPE scan, CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis displayed right lower lobe consolidation and left-sided pleural effusion with superimposed compressive atelectasis. Ceftaroline intravenous was initiated, with CT-guided pigtail chest tube insertion. Pleural fluid later grew group F beta-haemolytic Streptococcus anginosus. Patient improved significantly and was discharged 11 days later with intravenous ertapenem. Patients with group F beta-haemolytic streptococci should be managed aggressively with early and accurate diagnosis, antibiotics, drainage and possible surgery.
Envisioning a low-cost solar future: Exploring the potential impact of Achieving the SunShot 2030 targets for photovoltaics

Abstract In the context of recent dramatic solar energy cost reductions, the U.S. Department of Energy set new levelized cost of energy goals for photovoltaics (PV) to achieve by 2030 to enable significantly greater PV adoption: $0.03/kWh for utility-scale, $0.04/kWh for commercial, and $0.05/kWh for residential PV systems. We analyze the potential impacts of achieving these “SunShot 2030” cost targets for the contiguous United States using the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) and Distributed Generation (dGen) capacity expansion models. We consider the impacts under a wide range of future conditions. We find that PV could provide 13%–18% of U.S. electricity demand in 2030 and 28%–64% of demand if the SunShot 2030 goals are achieved, with PV deployment increasing in every state. The availability of low-cost storage has the largest impact on projected deployment, followed by natural gas prices and electricity demand. For comparison, PV deployed under a business-as-usual scenario could provide only 5% of generation in 2030 and 17% in 2050. We find that the high levels of PV deployment explored here lead to lower electricity prices and system costs, lower carbon dioxide emissions, lower water consumption, increased renewable energy curtailment, and increased storage deployment compared with the business-as-usual scenario.
Fast Computation of Tunnels in Corneal Collagen Structure

The collagen fiber organization plays an important role in controlling the mechanical strength of the extracellular matrix tissues and in the cornea is thought to control tissue shape and refractive power. In the case of the cornea, collagen fibers run in orthogonal directions, interweaving, branching and anastomosing, that can be imaged using second harmonic-generated signals. But the complexity of the structure makes it difficult for identifying tunnels using previous methods. In the proposed work, we apply an efficient graph based algorithm to find fundamental cycles, including both tunnels and non-tunnels. After tightening the cycle and decoupling composite cycles, we classify the resulting fundamental cycles based on their geometric properties and their relationship between each other. The utility of our tunnel computation and location algorithm is demonstrated on various example cornea structures from various animals.
Computer systems for high-performance speech recognition

The object of this review and position paper is to draw a parallel between the field of high-performance speech recognition systems on one side and the field of computer systems (in particular computer systems for Artificial Intelligence applications) on the other. This paper gives a characterization of the computational requirements of speech recognition systems, and describes and exemplifies the classes of machines that could be useful in speeding up speech recognition systems.
Production of New Particles in Electron-Positron Annihilation

At last year’s conference in this series, I recall speaking1 in a session on “Psychotherapy and Neuroses.” But at that time, with charmed particles still to be directly observed and with a number of important puzzles to be solved, in many ways I felt like someone presenting problems rather than cures. With the experimental progress in the year since then, the present discussion should be much more reassuring.
Anterior Leaflet Laceration to Prevent Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction During Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement

Abstract Background Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a leading cause of mortality and exclusion from transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Intentional laceration of the anterior mitral valve leaflet to prevent LVOT obstruction (LAMPOON) is a transcatheter mimic of surgical chord-sparing leaflet resection. Objectives The purpose of this prospective multicenter trial was to study LAMPOON with transseptal (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) TMVR in annuloplasty rings or native mitral annular calcification (MAC). Methods Subjects at high or extreme surgical risk and prohibitive risk of LVOT obstruction from TMVR were included. Eligibility was modified midtrial to exclude subjects with threatened LVOT obstruction from a Sapien 3 valve fabric skirt. The primary endpoint was procedure survival with successful LAMPOON, with successful TMVR, without reintervention, and with LVOT gradient Results Between June 2017 and June 2018, 30 subjects were enrolled equally between the MAC and ring arms. LAMPOON traversal and midline laceration was successful in 100%. Procedure survival was 100%, and 30-day survival was 93%. Primary success was achieved in 73%, driven by additional procedures for paravalvular leak (10%) and high-skirt neo-LVOT gradients observed before a protocol amendment. There were no strokes. Conclusions LAMPOON was feasible in native and annuloplasty ring anatomies in patients who were otherwise ineligible for treatment, with acceptable safety. LAMPOON was effective in preventing LVOT obstruction from TMVR. Despite LAMPOON, TMVR using Sapien 3 in annuloplasty rings and MAC still exhibits important limitations. (NHLBI DIR LAMPOON Study: Intentional Laceration of the Anterior Mitral Leaflet to Prevent Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction During Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation; NCT03015194)
Data-driven insights from vulnerability discovery metrics

Software metrics help developers discover and fix mistakes. However, despite promising empirical evidence, vulnerability discovery metrics are seldom relied upon in practice. In prior research, the effectiveness of these metrics has typically been expressed using precision and recall of a prediction model that uses the metrics as explanatory variables. These prediction models, being black boxes, may not be perceived as useful by developers. However, by systematically interpreting the models and metrics, we can provide developers with nuanced insights about factors that have led to security mistakes in the past. In this paper, we present a preliminary approach to using vulnerability discovery metrics to provide insightful feedback to developers as they engineer software. We collected ten metrics (churn, collaboration centrality, complexity, contribution centrality, nesting, known offender, source lines of code, # inputs, # outputs, and # paths) from six open-source projects. We assessed the generalizability of the metrics across two contextual dimensions (application domain and programming language) and between projects within a domain, computed thresholds for the metrics using an unsupervised approach from literature, and assessed the ability of these unsupervised thresholds to classify risk from historical vulnerabilities in the Chromium project. The observations from this study feeds into our ongoing research to automatically aggregate insights from the various analyses to generate natural language feedback on security. We hope that our approach to generate automated feedback will accelerate the adoption of research in vulnerability discovery metrics.
A Multi-sensor System for Traffic Analysis at Smart Intersections

We present a multi-sensor system for vehicle and pedestrian traffic analysis and visualization at intersections to discover trajectory patterns and anomalous traffic behavior. Augmenting these data with signal and phasing information, we show how clustering in the context of signal information may help us to detect anomalies with respect to vehicles violating signals. We demonstrate our workflow on two intersections with very different traffic composition. The system may be leveraged by a number of other applications, including conflict detection in object movements, turn movement counts, incident detection and management, and demand profiling, for better traffic management through the adjustment of signal timing.
Incision and Drainage

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for incision and drainage. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: localization of the abscess cavity, incision, irrigation, packing, or drain placement.
Validation of Model-Based Real-Time Hybrid Simulation for a Lightly-Damped and Highly-Nonlinear Structural System

Hybrid simulation (HS) is a cost-effective alternative to shake table testing for evaluating the seismic performance of structures. HS structures are partitioned into linked physical and numerical substructures, with actuators and sensors providing the means for the interaction. Load application in conventional HS is conducted at slow rates and is sufficient when material rate-effects are negligible. Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a variation of the HS method, where no time-scaling is applied. Despite the recent strides made in RTHS research, the body of literature validating the performance of RTHS, compared to shake table testing, remains limited. In the few available studies, the tested structures and assemblies are linear or modestly nonlinear, and artificial damping is added to the numerical substructure to ensure convergence and stable execution of the simulation. The objective of this study is the validation of a recently proposed model-based RTHS framework, focusing on lightly-damped and highly-nonlinear structural systems; such structures are particularly challenging to consider using RTHS. The boundary condition in the RTHS tests are enforced via displacement and acceleration tracking. The modified Model-Based Control (mMBC) compensator is employed for the tracking action. A two-story steel frame structure with a roof-level track nonlinear energy sink (NES) device is selected due to its light damping, high nonlinearity, and repeatability. The complete structure is first tested on a shaking table, and then substructured and tested via the RTHS method. The model-based RTHS approach is shown to perform similar to the shake table method, even for lightly-damped and highly-nonlinear structures.
Do One, Do One, Teach One: Altering the Dogma Using Simulation-Based Training to Maximize Efficiency of Surgical Resident Education.

Background Graduating surgery residents often feel unprepared to practice autonomously in the current era of surgical training. We implemented an integrated simulation curriculum to improve residents' autonomy and increase their confidence to practice independently. In this study, we chose a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) as our pilot operation to test proof of concept and on which we would construct our integrated curriculum. Study design The curriculum included a web-based cognitive component, inanimate model simulation session with follow-up at 2 weeks and 6 months, and self-confidence questionnaires. Faculty rated each resident's procedure-specific skill by using a modified Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) criteria and a task-specific checklist. Results Thirteen junior residents, 7 senior residents, and 7 faculty surgeons completed the curriculum. Four junior residents (31%) achieved proficiency at their first session, 10 (77%) after the second session (p = 0.031), and 6 (67%) at 6 months (p ≥ 0.99). Three residents regressed and did not maintain proficiency after the second assessment. Performance (GOALS) scores improved (p = 0.0313) at week 2 and were maintained at 6 months (p = 0.5625). Required faculty direction decreased (p = 0.004), and resident confidence in completing the procedure independently improved (p Conclusions Assessing procedure-specific and global laparoscopic skills through a simulation-based curriculum is feasible and can be used to augment resident training. Our curriculum demonstrated improvement in proficiency and self-confidence while performing an LVHR. Additional study is needed to examine the optimal way to integrate procedure-specific simulation models into training programs.
Co-designing Socially Assistive Sidekicks for Motion-based AAC

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices enable speech-based communication. However, AAC devices do not support nonverbal communication, which allows people to take turns, regulate conversation dynamics, and express intentions. Nonverbal communication requires motion, which is often challenging for AAC users to produce due to motor constraints. In this work, we explore how socially assistive robots, framed as ''sidekicks,'' might provide augmented communicators (ACs) with a nonverbal channel of communication to support their conversational goals. We developed and conducted an accessible co-design workshop that involved two ACs, their caregivers, and three motion experts. We identified goals for conversational support, co-designed prototypes depicting possible sidekick forms, and enacted different sidekick motions and behaviors to achieve speakers' goals. We contribute guidelines for designing sidekicks that support ACs according to three key parameters: attention, precision, and timing. We show how these parameters manifest in appearance and behavior and how they can guide future designs for augmented nonverbal communication.
Experimental Validation of a Market-based Remedial Action Coping with Cyberattackers Targeting Renewable-based Microgrids

This paper presents a framework to perform experimental validation of a remedial action for a lab-scale microgrid targeted by false data injection (FDI) cyberattack. The microgrid, which is located at Southern Illinois University (SIU), Carbondale, IL, USA, is managed to operate based on an electricity market mechanism. The corresponding renewable-based distributed generation (DG) owners submit their packages (i.e., power/bid) to be evaluated by market operator aiming at minimizing the total cost. Targeting the system by an FDI cyberattack, an attacker manipulates the submitted package associated with one of the DG owners at a specific time. After experiencing the attack, the operator reacts to the suspicious DG via excluding it from the market. Then, an invitation signal will be submitted to the non-attacked DG owners such that they can rapidly re-dispatch their generation in a secondary market to cope with the shortage of supply associated with the attacked DG.
Do No Harm—A Comparison of the Effects of On-Line Vs. Traditional Delivery Media on a Science Course

This paper presents the results of a study designed to examine the effects of distance delivery on student performance and classroom interactions in an upper level science (Histology) course. Outcomes were assessed by comparing performance on content pre- and posttests for students enrolled in on-campus and on-line sections of the same course. Interactions were classified according to initiator, topic, and Bloom's taxonomy level for content interactions. The resulting patterns were analyzed to compare behaviors in different settings. It was found that although the groups were indistinguishable in content knowledge at the outset of the study, by the end of the semester, students in the on-line group significantly out-performed their peers in the on-campus section. The on-line settings had a greater proportion of high-level interactions (according to Bloom's taxonomy) than the on-campus setting.
Abstract 15666: Terminal T-Wave Concordance Increases the Sensitivity of Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Left Bundle Branch Block

Introduction: We have previously shown that the first two Sgarbossa criteria modified with the Smith ratio rule (concordant ST elevation (STE) >= 1 mm; concordant ST depression (STD) >= 1 mm in V1-V3; or ST/S ratio =< -0.25) can diagnose acute coronary occlusion (ACO) with 90% sensitivity and specificity. But these modified Sgarbossa criteria are likely less sensitive for the diagnosis of MI without ACO (NSTEMI). In Sgarbossa’s original study, T-wave concordance in V5 or V6 was specific but insensitive for any MI (STEMI or NSTEMI); we previously reported that this is also true for STEMI patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that T-wave concordance will be a sensitive and specific marker of NSTEMI in LBBB. Methods: Retrospectively, ECGs of ED patients with LBBB and ischemic symptoms were obtained. STEMI patients had 1) angiographically proven complete ACO or 2) culprit lesion and troponin I >= 10 ng/ml. NSTEMI patients were those in which ACO was excluded but had clinically diagnosed MI. Control patients had negative troponins. Measurements were ST segment at the J-point and S-wave amplitude. The T-wave was concordant if the majority of the T-wave was in the same direction as the majority of the QRS complex. Terminal T-wave concordance was defined as a biphasic T-wave with the terminal portion > 0.5 mm in the direction of the QRS. Statistics were by McNemar’s test. Results: The STEMI, NSTEMI, and no-MI groups consisted of 33, 24, and 105 patients. Both terminal T-wave concordance and overall T-wave concordance were more sensitive but less specific than the original Sgarbossa criteria for diagnosis of NSTEMI (Table 1; p < 0.05). Addition of terminal T-wave concordance to the modified Sgarbossa criteria increased sensitivity for diagnosis of any MI (Table 2; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Terminal T-wave concordance is a sensitive marker of NSTEMI in LBBB. When added to the modified Sgarbossa criteria, this criterion significantly increases the sensitivity of ECG diagnosis of acute MI in LBBB. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The rate of time preference: Implications for the greenhouse debate

Abstract If one adopts a real annual discount rate of 5% or more — and there are no significant climate impacts for half a century — these impacts have a present value that is virtually negligible. Within a cost-benefit framework, it then becomes exceedingly difficult to justify any near-term actions other than no-regrets policies. In the greenhouse debate, it is important to draw a clear distinction between prescriptive and descriptive reasoning. A philosopher or an economist may counsel a low or a zero rate of time preference, but this advice does not provide a good description of the collective outcome of individual choices. In particular, it implies an unrealistically rapid increase in the rate of savings and investment.
The Cluster Expansion Method

The Cluster Expansion Method leading to the formal description of configurational functions in alloys is reviewed in the context of several recent developments, modifications and numerous applications. A general and rigorous formulation of the method is shown to unify the approaches proposed by the author and collaborators in 1984 with the concentration restricted sum method of Asta and co-workers.
Environment, rationality perspectives, and coordination structures for decision aiding in complex distributed organizational systems

The author provides an overview, a report on the state of the art, and future perspectives relative to the important area of information processing and decision support for organizational decision making. Of primary importance are methodological issues, individual and organizational information processing and decision making issues, and design of technological systems to aid information processing and decision making. These include various environment, coordination, and rationality perspectives. >
AT-Speed Prototyping of the Protean Architecture

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the Protean (Programmable Technology for Active Networks) active router architecture when supporting large line speeds. We present an emulation environment in the nano Threads virtual operating system to isolate development and evaluation of system software from the underlying hardware. The emulation environment simplifies the process of identifying and optimizing away bottlenecks in the routing software. Our preliminary experimental results demonstrate the benefit of parallelizing routing system software and using parallel access data structures at key contention points.
Cu (II)-carbon bonding in cyanide complexes of copper enzymes. 13C splitting of the Cu(II) electron spin resonance

Abstract The electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of the cyanide complexes of 63Cu(II) or 65Cu(II) human carbonic anhydrase B show a five-line multiplet on each of the four g|| copper nuclear hyperfine lines indicating the presence of two magnetically equivalent nitrogen atoms as ligands. Formation of the complex with 13C14N- splits each multiplet into two identical multiplets separated by 112 gauss. In contrast 12C15N- has no effect on the spectrum. Thus, the cyanide ion is coordinated to the Cu(II) ion via the carbon atom and the nitrogen nucleus of cyanide does not contribute to the nitrogen superhyperfine structure of the spectrum. Analogous effects of 13C14N- and 12C15N- are observed on the ESR spectra of the Cu(II) ion in the cyanide complex of bovine superoxide dismutase. Only 13C14N- affects the Cu(II) g|| nuclear hyperfine lines (seven-line multiplets reflecting coordination to three magnetically equivalent nitrogen atoms) of native superoxide dismutase. Each g|| line is split into two separated by 45 gauss. In mixed cyanide-metal-enzyme complexes C coordination of the CN- ion appears to be preferred. These findings confirm the previous assumptions concerning the cyanide complexes of Cu(II) carbonic anhydrase and superoxide dismutase.
Tracking your every move — Today and tomorrow

Not too long ago, tracking the movements of individuals was an obscure activity largely reserved for detective novels and the occasional creepy stalker. Lately, however, massive-scale continuous location surveillance has quietly become a fact of life, pursued by organizations as diverse as Google, Amazon, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and the Department of Transportation, not to mention cyber-criminals, jealous spouses and helicopter parents. An equally wide range of technologies is used for this virtual stakeout job, including spyware on your laptop and mobile devices, roadside radio receivers (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and more), license plate reading devices, face-recognizing surveillance cameras, RFID tags and readers, and more. In this keynote lecture, we will review some of the more pervasive people-tracking methods in use today, together with some of their more (or less) well-known uses. We'll then put on a pair of decidedly rose-colored glasses, and try to see what good our Orwellian future may bring, and what challenges lie ahead, beyond the quaint notion of protecting your location privacy.
Modular assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase

The mitochondrial ATP synthase (F1–F0 complex) of Saccharomces cerevisiae is a composite of different structural and functional units that jointly couple ATP synthesis and hydrolysis to proton transfer across the inner membrane. In organello, pulse labelling and pulse-chase experiments have enabled us to track the mitochondrially encoded Atp6p, Atp8p and Atp9p subunits of F0 and to identify different assembly intermediates into which they are assimilated. Surprisingly, these core subunits of F0 segregated into two different assembly intermediates one of which is composed of Atp6p, Atp8p, at least two stator subunits, and the Atp10p chaperone while the second consists of the F1 ATPase and Atp9p ring. These studies show that assembly of the ATP synthase is not a single linear process, as previously thought, but rather involves two separate but coordinately regulated pathways that converge at the end stage.
The Solution of the Time–Dependent SN Equations on Parallel Architectures

The rapid growth of computing power, in the form of parallel architectures, over the last decade has provided the unprecedented capability for computational scientists and engineers to carry out large scale simulations of radiation transport and radiation-hydrodynamic phenomena. The development of massively parallel architectures on the scale of tens of thousands of processors provides, in principle, the rate of floating point operations needed to carry out multidimensional deterministic transport simulations involving multiple physical timescales. However, this new technological advance presents a tremendous challenge to the transport simulation developer in implementing a method for the parallel solution of the time-dependent discrete-ordinates Boltzmann equation on such platforms. Traditional iterative methods, such as source iteration, that have been developed in many research communities have undesirable features that present obstacles to efficient parallelization. In this paper we present an alternative approach, the full linear system solution via Krylov subspace algorithms, that is more readily amenable to implementation on massively parallel architectures.
Science Interests in Preschool Boys and Girls: Relations to Later Self-Concept and Science Achievement.

Although young children display various types of interests, little is known regarding the potential impact of these interests on subsequent learning and development. Of particular importance is the question of whether or not children's early interests are instrumental in their later academic achievement. The current study fills this gap in the interest literature by longitudinally investigating the relationship between 116 children's early science interests and their subsequent self-concepts and science-related academic achievement, with particular emphasis placed on gender. The intensity and content of children's science interests between the ages of 4 and 6 (i.e., preschool interests) and between the ages of 6 and 8 (i.e., elementary school interests) were used as predictors of age 8 self-concept and science achievement. Boys displayed higher overall levels of science interests than girls, though interest was not related to boys’ self-concepts. Girls’ early intense science interests were related to higher science self-concepts at age 8. In addition, early interests predicted science achievement in girls but not in boys. In conclusion, it appears that early science interest may be a critical supporting factor for girls in fostering positive self-concepts and higher science achievement scores. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:574–593, 2013
An electrophysiological characterization of ciliated olfactory receptor cells of the coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch.

Electrical properties of ciliated olfactory receptor cells isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were studied using the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp recording technique. 1. Voltage-dependent currents could be separated into two inward and three outward conductances, including a Na+ current, Ca2+ current and three K+ currents. 2. The components of the outward current varied with the life stage of the salmon from which cells had been isolated. In cells isolated from juvenile fish (parr), a Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current dominated the outward current, whereas in cells isolated from older fish (i.e. fish that had undergone smoltification), a transient K+ current became prominent. 3. Differences in response characteristics of outward currents to internal dialysis with cyclic GMP (but not cyclic AMP) were also correlated to the life stage of salmon. Under conditions in which the Ca(2+)-activated current was blocked, relaxation of the outward current was slowed by dialysis with cyclic GMP only in cells isolated from smolts and sea-run fish, but not in those isolated from mature spawners. 4. From these results, we suggest that hormone modulation of olfactory receptor cell development or differentiation may play a role in establishing these differences.
Targeting angiogenesis as a therapeutic means to reinforce osteocyte survival and prevent nonunions in the aftermath of radiotherapy

Background Radiotherapy (XRT) exerts detrimental collateral effects on bone tissue through mechanisms of vascular damage and impediments to osteocytes, ultimately predisposing patients to the debilitating problems of late pathologic fractures and nonunions. We posit that angiogenic therapy will reverse these pathologic effects in a rat model of radiated fracture healing. Methods Three groups of rats underwent mandibular osteotomy. Radiated groups received a fractionated 35-Gy dose before surgery. The deferoxamine (DFO) group received local injections postoperatively. A 40-day healing period was allowed before histology. Analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < .05) was used for group comparisons. Results Radiated fractures revealed a significantly decreased osteocyte count and corresponding increase in empty lacunae when compared to nonradiated fractures (p = .001). With the addition of DFO, these differences were not appreciated. Further, a 42% increase in bony unions was observed after DFO therapy. Conclusion Targeting angiogenesis is a useful means for promoting osteocyte survival and preventing bone pathology after XRT. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1261–1267, 2015
Verification of Pointing Constraints for the Dawn Spacecraft

NASA's Dawn spacecraft, an ion-thrust science mission to Vesta and Ceres, has numerous pointing constraints critical for safe operation. Onboard software automatically chooses target attitudes but enforces only a simplified constraint set at slew endpoints. Onboard fault-protection also uses simplified constraints, and violations can result in safing events that dramatically consume mission margins for missed thrust. Lastly, for funding reasons the operations team is lean, forcing the development of month-long command sequences. These factors place a premium on reliable maneuver design, prediction, and verification against pointing constraints. This paper presents Slewth, a ground tool built to address these concerns.
Pharmacological characterization of WAY-121,520: A potent anti-inflammatory indomethacin-based inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)/phospholipase A2 (PLA2)

WAY-121,520 inhibited human synovial fluid PLA2 (HSF-PLA2) (IC50=4 μM) using arachidonic acid-labeledE. coli as substrate. Further biochemical characterization of WAY-121,520 demonstrated potent inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity in the murine macrophage (LTC4, IC50=4nM) and rat PMN (LTB4, IC50=10 nM) and an ability to antagonize LTD4 binding to isolated guinea-pig trachea (pKB=6.0).In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was noted in murine TPA-induced (ED50=91 μg/ear) and arachidonic acid-induced (66% inhibition at 400 μg/ear) ear edema and in leukotriene-dependent antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig (73% inhibition at 50 mg/kg, p.o.). WAY-121,520 represents a novel series of indomethacin-based inhibitors of PLA2 with anti-inflammatory activity resulting from a combination of biochemical activities (inhibition of 5-LO and PLA2 and LTD4 antagonism). This agent may provide added therapeutic efficacy over more selective inhibitors.
Solar cycle relationship clouded by Neptune's sustained brightness maximum

FOR almost two decades, Neptune's brightness varied inversely, at the level of a few per cent, with the solar cycle. The anticorrela-tion was so striking that some causal mechanism seemed necessary, and several suggestions were made1,2. Two different but plausible ideas involving solar-induced global changes in Neptune's atmosphere were a cyclic darkening ('tanning') of stratospheric aerosols caused by varying ultraviolet radiation3 and a variation in the rate of ion-induced nucleation of atmospheric aerosols due to the modulation of galactic cosmic-ray flux by solar activity4. In 1990, with the current solar cycle near its peak, however, Neptune departed unexpectedly from the previous cyclic behaviour, attaining its greatest brightness since 1972. Further observations will be needed to decide if the present deviation signals a unique atmospheric phenomenon, and to see if the cyclic anticorrelation will be restored.
Determination of low concentrations of low-molecular-weight aldehydes and ketones in aqueous samples

Abstract Low concentrations of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous samples are concentrated on a small column containing a zeolite known as ZSM-5. The carbonyl compounds are then eluted with a small volume of acetonitrile and converted to the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, which are then separated by liquid chromatography. Excellent recoveries are obtained for all of the carbonyl compounds studied with the exception of formaldehyde. The method has been used in the analysis of drinking water samples.
Optical Properties of InGaAsP Asymmetric Double Quantum Wells: Enhanced Slope Efficiency and Reduced Bias Voltage in QW-EAM's

Detailed theoretical estimations of the optical properties of InGaAsP QW-EAM's operating at ~1550 nm were executed. Subsequently, asymmetric double quantum wells are predicted to enhance slope efficiency by more than 350% at a reduced operating bias field of 34 kV/cm compared with ~70 kV/cm for comparable SQW's.
Molecular orbital study of optical rotation in a vitamin B6 enzyme

Abstract The active site of a vitamin B6 enzyme is modeled using a semiempirical CNDO S molecular orbital calculation to compute rotational strengths for asymmetrically perturbed and inherently dissymmetric B6 analogues. An alternative method for computing the necessary one electron, two center integrals is presented, representing them as sums of residues in a complex plane. The results predict the side of the coenzyme ring to which the Schiff base double bond of the holoenzyme must be twisted in order to produce the observed circular dichroism spectra.
Separation of tryptic digests using a modified buffer in pressurized capillary. Electrochromatography with an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

A rapid and efficient separation method using pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) has been developed to separate protein digests. The effects of mobile-phase ion conductivity, pH, and column size on separation speed and column efficiency were studied and optimized. The pCEC method was demonstrated to provide enhanced speed with more efficient and selective separation than HPLC by performing separations of a bovine β-lactoglobulin A digest. A human hemoglobin digest was separated by pCEC under optimized conditions, and more than 20 peaks were separated in less than 20 min. Using an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, coeluting components were clearly identified, and the resolving power of the pCEC method was further enhanced.
Thermoregulation in the Mouths of Feeding Gray Whales

Vascular structures for heat conservation in the tongue of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) are reported here. Numerous individual countercurrent heat exchangers are found throughout the massive tongue. These converge at the base of the tongue to form a bilateral pair of retia. Temperature measurements from the oral cavity of a live gray whale indicate that more heat may be lost through the blubber layer over the body than through the tongue, despite the fact that the tongue is far more vascularized and has much less insulation. These heat exchangers substantially reduce heat loss when these whales feed in cold waters.
Model-guided treatment to improve written sentence production: A case study

Abstract Impaired production of both spoken and written sentences was studied in a case of chronic aphasia. Assessment of the production impairment, guided by reference to a model of the processes normally involved in the production of spoken sentences, revealed two specific points of disturbance: (1) poor retrieval of lexical main verbs and (2) poor production of the morphological elements linked to verbs. Two interventions were targeted at the early stages of sentence construction and limited to practice in the written modality. Generalization of treatment-induced processing changes in spoken sentence production is discussed in support of the hypothesis that the intervention tasks isolated pre-phonetic and pre-articulatory aspects of sentence production. Expansion of the model of normal, spoken sentence production is proposed in order to accommodate details regarding the nature of processing requirements in written sentence production.
A framework for the automated drawing of data structure diagrams

Data structure diagrams are two-dimensional figures made up of lines that aim to pictorially indicate the interrelationships of the elements of a data structure. The various rules and factors of aesthetics that go into the way data structure diagrams are drawn are collected together. The various subjective factors are formulated into computable objectives and numeric parameters. These are distilled from a large number of data structure drawings found in various textbooks. The rules used have not reached a level of acceptance comparable to that of the relevant rules in engineering graphics. The internal architecture of a (sub)system that helps draw data structure diagrams is outlined. >
Urban climates and heat islands: albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat

Abstract As an introduction to this special issue on urban heat islands and cool communities, this paper reviews some of the characteristics of urban climates and the causes and effects of urban heat islands. In particular, the impacts of surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heating on the near-surface climate are discussed. Numerical simulations and field measurements indicate that increasing albedo and vegetation cover can be effective in reducing the surface and air temperatures near the ground.
The commercialization of academic patents: black boxes, pipelines, and Rubik’s cubes

Drawing on histories of technological innovation originating from research by faculty at The Pennsylvania State University and Johns Hopkins University, this paper presents evidence for a “technology” as well as an “intellectual property rights” research approach to the commercialization of academic patents. By describing how inventor and firm activities and strategies affect the technical development and commercial positioning of university patents, a technology focus adds depth to the general proposition that university patents are embryonic technologies. It likewise serves as an analytical probe to reconsider other mainstream propositions about university technology transfer.
Large angle scattering of 0. 8 GeV protons from /sup 12/C

Experimental elastic and inelastic angular distributions for 0.8 GeV $p+^{12}\mathrm{C}$ are reported for momentum transfers up to $q=7.1$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. At the largest angle the elastic cross section is \ensuremath{\sim}2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ mb/sr. The data are analyzed using the distorted-wave Born approximation and the coupled-channels formalism, where phenomenologically deformed optical potentials are used in the latter analysis. The multipole moments extracted from the optical potentials are found to be in fair agreement with those of the charge densities as obtained from electron scattering.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{12}\mathrm{C}(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, $E=0.8$ GeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$; natural targets; resolution 100 to 650 keV, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=3.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{-}67.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, ${q}_{max}=7.1$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Optical model potential, DWBA and coupled channels analyses, rotational model, coupling parameters, multipole moments, inelastic deformation lengths ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{l}R$.
Performance of Two-Phase Microchannels at Sub-Atmospheric Pressure

Two-phase microchannel system is a promising technology to achieve enhanced heat removal and more effective cooling of hotspots. The excellent thermodynamic properties of water make it a prime candidate as the working fluid in two-phase microchannel systems. While typical integrated circuit components require die temperature to remain below 95 °C, most of the earlier microchannel flow boiling studies were conducted at or above ambient pressure, where the saturation temperature of water is equal to or higher than 100 °C. In this paper, we tested flow boiling at sub-atmospheric pressure such that the saturation temperature of water can be significantly reduced below 95 °C. We study the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of our two-phase cold plate configuration, under uniform and hotspot (non-uniform) heating conditions at sub-atmospheric system pressures. A cold plate with 61 μm wide and 272 μm deep microchannels was tested at two systems pressures of 35 and 46 kPa and at two mass flow rates of 67 and 107 kg/m2 -s. High-speed flow imaging was used for identifying flow patterns in the microchannels with the above test conditions. Pressure drop data were compared with the available semi-empirical correlations and the annular flow model. An explanation was proposed for the mismatch between the models under current microchannel configuration.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Esophageal duplication cyst: A rare cause of biphasic stridor and feeding difficulty

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA b Section of Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Eugenio Litta Children’s Hospital, Rochester, MN, USA Division of Pediatric Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Eugenio Litta Children’s Hospital, Rochester, MN, USA Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Eugenio Litta Children’s Hospital, Rochester, MN, USA
MECHANISM OF INHIBITION OF CELLULAR DNA SYNTHESIS BY PSEUDORABIES VIRUS.

Abstract The inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis that occurs after infection of rabbit kidney cells with pseudorabies virus is not due to the successful competition of viral DNA with cellular DNA to act as a template for DNA replication. It is also not due to a greater affinity of the DNA polymerase present in virus-infected cells for viral DNA than for cellular DNA. The inhibitory process is arrested by the addition of puromycin to the infected cells. It is concluded that a protein is responsible for the inhibition of the synthesis of cellular DNA in the infected cell.
An assessment of air quality variations in the south-western USA using an upper air synoptic climatology

Daily particulate concentrations in the Desert South-west from 1984 to 1988 are analysed using a synoptic climatology based upon tropospheric thermal, moisture, and flow conditions. Using a combination of principal components analysis and cluster analysis, 13 distinct synoptic types (clusters) are identified that correspond to seasonal variations in the atmosphere's general circulation. These include summer clusters, which reflect monsoonal and non-monsoonal conditions, winter clusters defined by the positions of the polar and subtropical jets and shortwave ridges and troughs, and clusters that predominate in the transition seasons. Particulate concentrations vary significantly by synoptic type. Three clusters have poor air quality. ‘Summer monsoon’ days have high humidity and cloud cover, conditions that encourage aerosol growth. ‘Continental high’ days have a slow-moving anticyclone centred over the Great Basin that traps particulates within the boundary layer. ‘Rockies ridge’ days are associated with strong south-westerly flow and the advection of regional haze from southern California into the Desert South-west. In all of these clusters, high humidity or cloud cover enhance particulate growth. Good air quality in the summer occurs on monsoonal ‘break’ days when relative humidity and cloud cover decrease. In the winter, good air quality occurs when Arctic or continental polar air masses are present, or when either the polar or subtropical jets are strong and positioned over the South-west. In some of these latter situations, widespread precipitation removes particulates through wet deposition. These results suggest that the Navajo Generating Station (NGS), a large coal-fired power plant on the Arizona-Utah border, does not contribute significantly to air quality degradation in the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Most of the days with high particulate levels are associated with transport from southern California or unstable summer days with high humidity and contributions from many point and regional sources. There may be some contribution from the NGS on ‘continental high’ days, but when this cluster occurs on consecutive days, air quality improves rather than declines. This research provides a useful framework for future mesoscale modelling studies of air quality in south-western USA.
Isolation and characterization of 22 mesophilic methanococci

Summary Twenty-two strains of mesophilic methanococci were isolated from salt marsh and other intertidal sediments of the southeastern United States. All the isolates were irregular cocci between 1 and 3 um in diameter, lysed rapidly in distilled water or 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate, used H2 + CO2 and formate as energy sources, and grew rapidly in salt-containing medium. The mol % G+C of six of the isolates was between 29.2 and 31.5. These isolates resembled Methanococcus voltae and required acetate, isoleucine, and leucine for growth. The mol % G+C of the remaining 16 isolates was between 32.6 and 34.4. They all grew autotrophically in mineral medium. The growth rates of eight of the autotrophic isolates were stimulated by either acetate or casamino acids. Although these isolates resembled several species of the genus Methanococcus, it was not possible to assign them to a species.
The association of physical activity and physical function with clinical outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of reviewDespite guidelines supporting the regular assessment of physical functioning and encouragement of physical activity in management of the patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD), implementation has been undermined by a lack of understanding of the evidence for this recommendation.
Crystalline Cr 2+ :ZnSe/chalcogenide glass composites as active mid-IR materials

We propose new transition metal (TM)-doped ZnSe/As2S3:As2Se3 composite materials for mid-IR fiber lasers. The composites are the suspension of crystalline micro- and nanosized TM2+:ZnSe or TM2+:ZnS powders in chalcogenide glasses with the refraction index matching. Mid-IR room-temperature lasing of Cr2+:ZnSe/As2S3:As2Se3 microcomposite material is demonstrated at the 2.4 μm wavelength.