cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A COMMENT ON THE COST OF NEW ISSUES OF COMMON STOCK

According to the constant growth model and perceived finance theory, the cost of new external equity exceeds the cost of retained earnings due to flotation costs and underpricing. Carlson and Dietz [1] have recently argued that the constant growth model is operationally inadequate whenever the net proceeds from the issuance of a new share differ from book value. Specifically, they contend that the cost of new external equity is less than the cost of retained earnings whenever the net proceeds from a new share exceed book value. We show that these conclusions stem from an error in interpretation and therefore that the constant growth model is valid regardless of the relationship between market prices and book value.
Management of the recalcitrant postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula: the transsternal transpericardial approach.

The authors review the management of postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistulae and describe the place of the transsternal transpericardial approach, especially in the management of recalcitrant postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistulae. The technique is described in detail, and the results of the published series are analyzed. The authors do recommend the use of this approach in the recalcitrant fistula that has failed standard approaches.
Finding Qualified Faculty to Meet the Demand for Office Systems Management Instructors

(1991). Finding Qualified Faculty to Meet the Demand for Office Systems Management Instructors. Journal of Education for Business: Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 291-297.
An Overview of Foot Infections in Diabetes

Abstract Patients with diabetes are prone to ulcerations of the lower extremities, frequently complicated by infection, and are then reliant upon their caregivers for preservation of their limbs without the dreaded outcome of amputation. The enormous tolls of foot infections in diabetes, in terms of both health-related quality of life issues and associated economic burdens, have only been fully realized within the last few decades, and it is anticipated that these burdens will only increase over time. Early and appropriate antibiotic treatment targeting the most likely etiologic pathogens is a cornerstone of management of foot infections in diabetes, but these decisions are now complicated by the emergence of resistant organisms, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species. This review will examine the impact of foot infections in diabetes and the overall care and management of the diabetes patient with foot infection, including the potential valu...
Conformational changes in some ribonuclease-inhibitor complexes.

Abstract Difference circular dichroism spectra have been used to show that the titration of ribonuclease in aqueous solution with a specific inhibitor, 3′-CMP, was accompanied by a conformational change in the enzyme. Thermal difference circular dichroism spectra show that the hydrophobicity of a portion of the enzyme-inhibitor complex increases when the temperature is raised from 5 to 50°, but that the complex denatures rapidly above that temperature.
Effects of anion-exchange polymers on bile acid metabolism in the rat☆

Abstract Several anion-exchange polymers, with different skeletal and functional group structure, were studied to determine their relative effectiveness in sequestering bile acids in both in vitro and in vivo systems. In the in vitro systems neither the structure of the functional groups, nor their p K a , or skeletal structure, appeared to have any effect on sequestering ability of the polymer. In rat in vivo systems, skeletal structure was of major importance. Polymers with cellulose skeletons were ineffective. Two anion-exchange resins, amberlite XE-268P and amberlyst A-26, proved to be highly effective bile acid sequestrants in both in vivo and in vitro systems.
Impact of Postdivorce Sibling Structure on Adolescent Adjustment to Divorce

A sample (N = 222) of middle school, high school, and college students were surveyed with regard to their adjustment to their parents’ divorces in specific domains, including coparenting, financial strain, and overall adjustment. With time since the divorce covaried, youth living with half-siblings, stepsiblings, or both (HSS) rated their experiences consistently more positively than youth living with full biological siblings only (FBS). HSS youth reported stronger perceptions that life has gotten better, parents are working together to raise them, and there are no lingering financial effects. There were no main effects for age, but an interaction of sibling structure and gender found male adolescents in the FBS group sometimes had more negative ratings than any of the other groups. Our findings contrast with prior studies suggesting that HSS youth do not adjust as well as FBS youth.
Agricultural pricing policy in Kenya

Abstract This paper examines Kenya's agricultural pricing policy, its role in the development of key sectors of the agricultural economy during the 1970s and its impact on different classes of producers. Toward this end, the paper describes the process of agricultural price determination in Kenya, and examines trends in real producer price indices for selected crop groupings and by size of holding. The most important finding of the paper is that agricultural pricing policy has been used in Kenya to create incentives for the growth of marketed agricultural production. In addition, the paper shows that the Government of Kenya has also used pricing and marketing policy instruments to achieve its goal of promoting the agricultural development of smallholders, who constitute the dominant mode of agricultural production in Kenya. Significantly, these findings are contrary to the widely accepted notion that pricing policy in developing countries has uniformly been biased in favor of the urban sector and against agricultural producers.
Partial Atrioventricular Canal: Pitfalls in Technique

Partial atrioventricular (AV) canal represents approximately 25% of all AV septal defects. While often grouped with secundum ASD from the perspective of cardiopulmonary physiology, clinical presentation, and timing of surgical correction, their optimal management truly requires an understanding of their anatomic similarities to other forms of common AVC defects. By most measures, outcomes for surgical management of partial AV canal has improved over the last four decades, though some aspects of these defects continue to pose important challenges. Current experience has witnessed the reduction in early mortality and only rare complete heart block. Left AV valve dysfunction remains the most common indication for reoperation (10%) with LVOT stenosis the next most common reason (10% to 15% incidence, 5% to 10% reoperation rate). It is important to understand in this population that postoperative left AV valve problems and LVOT stenosis may be intimately linked, both from an etiologic standpoint, and with respect to their management.
Isotopic enrichment of liquid water during evaporation from water surfaces

Summary The predictions of isotopic composition of evaporation ( δ E ) from a water body are often made with the Craig–Gordon model on the assumption that the isotopic composition of water surface undergoing evaporation ( δ L , e ) is the same as that of the bulk water ( δ L . b ). The validity of this well-mixed assumption is not known due to the lack of the δ E measurements. In this study, a tunable diode laser (TDL) analyzer was deployed to make fine time-resolution measurements of H 2 18 O and HDO in vapor in a home-made flux chamber. Our results show that the surface enrichment was substantial: on average, the surface water was 7.5–8.9‰ more enriched in 18 O and 12.6–16.5‰ in D than the bulk water, the exact value depending on the choice of the kinetic fractionation factor for evaporation. Also we reported greater uncertainties of D than that of 18 O in the estimation of surface enrichment; The measured 18 O surface enrichment was statistically different from zero but the D enrichment was not. The kinetic effect appeared stronger under conditions of higher evaporation. In addition to leaf water, we suggest that the surface enrichment should also exist in lakes and evaporation pans although it is likely lower than our enrichment values. The well-mixed assumption may have also affected previous efforts of determining the 18 O/ 16 O and D/H diffusivity ratios in air.
Deciphering visual gist and its implications for video retrieval and interface design

How do people make sense of a video based on viewing a few frames of that video? What elements constitute the "visual gist" in their minds? Answers to these questions will give implications to both content-based video retrieval and the interface design (e.g., key-frame selection) of digital video libraries. A preliminary study was conducted to unravel the issues and 45 subjects participated in the study. After viewing a fast forward surrogate, the subjects were asked to choose pictures which they thought would "belong to" the video. And they were also asked to think aloud during their selection processes. Nine visual gist attributes (e.g., people, objects and actions) were generated using the grounded theory method and their frequencies were also compared and analyzed.
Sympathetic Cerebral Vasoconstriction Blocked by Adrenergic Alpha Receptor Antagonists

Alpha receptor adrenergic antagonists were used in chloralose-anesthetized dogs to block cerebral vasoconstriction elicited by stimulation of the sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vessels. A venous outflow technique was used to measure cerebral blood flow with an electromagnetic flow transducer. The brain's arterial supply was left undisturbed. The experiments were performed in both open and closed chest animals and in animals with open and closed craniums. The left sympathetic stellate ganglion was stimulated for 60 seconds at 15 Hz, 3 msec pulse duration, and 3 to 9 v intensity. Control stimulation produced a 65.8% decrease in cerebral blood flow. Dibozane, 1 or 2 mg/kg, or phentolamine, 2 mg/kg, was then administered, and stimulations were repeated with the same stimulus parameters. After alpha receptor blockade, cerebral blood flow decreased only 3.5% with sympathetic stimulation. The effective blockade by two different alpha receptor antagonists, of a different structure, indicated that an alph...
THE DIFFUSION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND POLICY RESEARCH

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how social network analysis can be used to provide information for policy decisions pertaining to physicians' adoption and utilization of new medical t...
New Insights into an Old Poison, Arsenic

CE update [generalist] New Insights into an Old Poison, Arsenic Catherine A. Hammett-Stabler, PhD, DABCC, FACB,1 Larry A. Broussard, PhD, DABCC, FACB,2 Ruth E. Winecker, PhD,3,1 Jeri D. Ropero-Miller, PhD3,1 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 2LSU Health Sciences Center, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, New Orleans, LA, 3Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
200/spl deg/C operation of a 500 W DC-DC converter utilizing power MOSFETs

This paper presents results from the operation of the power stage of a 500-W DC-DC converter at an ambient temperature of 200/spl deg/C. This converter is designed to provide an output voltage of 12-Vdc from a 28-Vdc input. It utilizes an H-bridge configuration composed of eight International Rectifier power MOSFETs (parallel connections of two MOSFETs) and four Motorola diodes to convert the DC input voltage to a high-frequency square wave which can then be stepped up with a transformer. The transformer output voltage is then rectified and filtered to produce the DC output voltage. A phase-shifted pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching scheme is utilized to control the MOSFETs in the H bridge. This scheme allows zero-voltage turn-on of the MOSFETs to improve the efficiency. The efficiency of this converter when operated on the laboratory bench was measured to be 89%. The H bridge and transformer were then placed in an oven and operated over an ambient temperature range of 20/spl deg/C-200/spl deg/C. The efficiency varied from 86.1% to 85.4% over this temperature range. The long feedthroughs for oven operation caused the efficiency to decrease from 89% to 86.1%.
Evolutionary stability on graphs

Evolutionary stability is a fundamental concept in evolutionary game theory. A strategy is called an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), if its monomorphic population rejects the invasion of any other mutant strategy. Recent studies have revealed that population structure can considerably affect evolutionary dynamics. Here we derive the conditions of evolutionary stability for games on graphs. We obtain analytical conditions for regular graphs of degree k > 2. Those theoretical predictions are compared with computer simulations for random regular graphs and for lattices. We study three different update rules: birth-death (BD), death-birth (DB), and imitation (IM) updating. Evolutionary stability on sparse graphs does not imply evolutionary stability in a well-mixed population, nor vice versa. We provide a geometrical interpretation of the ESS condition on graphs.
E/I corrected paleolatitudes for the sedimentary rocks of the Baja British Columbia hypothesis

Paleomagnetic inclinations from sediments of the western terranes of Canada are consistently too shallow for their reconstructed paleogeographic positions. Two contradicting explanations for these discrepancies are: (1) terranes have been displaced northward with respect to the stable American craton by several thousands of kilometres between the Late Cretaceous (~75 Ma) and the Eocene (~50 Ma) and (2) sedimentary inclination error has caused a shallow bias in the paleomagnetic directions. Here, we apply the elongation/inclination (E/I) method to paleomagnetic data sets from sedimentary rocks of supposedly allochtonous terranes of western North America to correct for inclination flattening. Our results indicate that the paleomagnetic directions from the continental Silverquick sediments (95–92 Ma) of southern British Colombia are not seriously affected by inclination error, because the magnetic signal most likely concerns a chemical remanent magnetisation (CRM). In contrast, the marine sediments of the Nanaimo Group (84–72 Ma) of Vancouver Island region appear seriously affected by inclination flattening (f =0.7) and the E/I corrected mean inclinations are about 98 steeper than the original data. We arrive at corrected inclinations/paleolatitudes of I**=578/k=388N for the Silverquick and I**=558/k=368N for the Nanaimo sediments. Our corrected paleolatitudes indicate that the Canadian terranes were indeed located adjacent to the Baja Californian margin during the Late Cretaceous, thus supporting the Baja BC hypothesis. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Reducing Pregnancy‐Related Morbidity and Mortality by Implementing a Comprehensive Quality and Patient Safety Program Beyond the Joint Commission's Perinatal Core Measures

Paper Presentation Purpose for the Program To reduce pregnancy‐related morbidity and mortality in a large, academic, high‐risk obstetric service in a large, free‐standing, pediatric hospital in the southwestern United States. Proposed Change To develop and implement an evidence‐based perinatal quality and patient safety program. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation An interprofessional team reviewed the literature to identify evidence‐based structures and processes that were associated with increased process reliability and improved patient safety outcomes. With support and approval from senior‐level organization leaders and strong partnerships with key stakeholders, the program was implemented in the spring of 2012. Key structures included safety as a core value and nurse staffing and educational preparation. Key processes included daily safety briefs, safety rounds, interprofessional team simulation training, and adherence to evidence‐based care guidelines. To augment the quality and safety program and to address active and latent threats to patient safety identified during event debriefs and safety rounds, an interprofessional subgroup developed and implemented a massive transfusion protocol. The rate of obstetric adverse events (OBAE) was selected as the program's outcome measure. The OBAE rate is a composite measure of quality and comprises eight maternal and four fetal measures, calculated as the number of monthly deliveries complicated by one or more maternal or fetal adverse events, multiplied by 100. The baseline rate of OBAE through November of 2012 was 2.01%. During the next 12 months, despite a rapidly increasing delivery volume, the OBAE was reduced 37%. As of August 2014, the OBAE rate in this obstetric service was 1.05%, which reflects an additional 17.3% reduction. Implications for Nursing Practice Although obstetric patient care is delivered by teams, nurses are in a unique position to guide, influence, and lead quality and safety improvements. Nurses have nearly constant presences, are broadly trusted as patient advocates, and are able to identify and report early signs of compromise. Supported by a comprehensive quality and patient safety program in partnership with other key members of the obstetric patient care team, nurses can reduce pregnancy‐related morbidity and mortality.
An Analysis of Trainers' Perspectives within an Ecological Framework: Factors that Influence Mine Safety Training Processes

Background Satisfactory completion of mine safety training is a prerequisite for being hired and for continued employment in the coal industry. Although training includes content to develop skills in a variety of mineworker competencies, research and recommendations continue to specify that specific limitations in the self-escape portion of training still exist and that mineworkers need to be better prepared to respond to emergencies that could occur in their mine. Ecological models are often used to inform the development of health promotion programs but have not been widely applied to occupational health and safety training programs.
Scanning force microscopy studies of GaAs films grown on offcut Ge substrates

The surface morphology of GaAs films grown on offcut Ge substrates is studied using a scanning force microscope (SFM). We investigated the effects of the Ge buffer layer, growth temperature, film thickness, and prelayer on the GaAs surface morphology. The starting Ge substrates are offcut 6° toward the [110] direction to minimize single steps on the substrates before molecular beam epitaxial film growth. We find that comparing with GaAs samples grown without Ge buffer layers or with unannealed Ge buffer layers, samples with annealed Ge buffer layers are much smoother and contain no antiphase boundaries (APBs) on the surface. For thick (≥1 µm) GaAs films with an annealed Ge buffer layer, the surfaces display crosshatch lines and elongated mounds (along \([\bar 110]\), which are associated with the substrate offcut direction. As the film thickness increases, the crosshatch lines become shorter, denser and rougher, and the mounds grow bigger (an indication of GaAs homoepitaxial growth). We conclude that annealed Ge buffer layers are crucial for growing high quality GaAs films with few APBs generated during the growth. In addition, under optimal conditions, different prelayers make little difference for thick GaAs films with annealed Ge buffer layers.
DIET QUALITY AND CALORIES CONSUMED: THE IMPACT OF BEING HUNGRIER, BUSIER AND EATING OUT

While Americans claim to be eating better and improving their understanding of diet and health, they are getting heavier and increasing their risk of suffering from diet related illnesses. The cause of this inconsistency is unclear. Using theoretical models of preference reversal and econometric empirical analysis, this study finds that the number of calories eaten per meal increases and the quality of the diet decreases as people wait more than six hours to eat their next meal, work more than fifty hours a week, and consume a larger amount of food away from home. These situational factors are important even for consumers who have considerable knowledge about diet and health. Regardless of one's favored dietary prescription, this study shows how well an individual's intentions to eat healthfully changes with time pressures, hunger, and food source. As people change their dietary goals based on prevailing nutritional lore, such situational factors will continue to interfere with one's long-term health objectives. This is especially relevant in an era where obesity is a leading health issue for individuals and for the costs of health care. Any advice and action that can improve diet quality and reduce caloric intake on a convenient basis is valuable for individuals and the overall economy.
Simulation modeling for hospital bed planning

A computer simulation model was developed to address the problem of allocating beds to hospital services, by bed type and sex. The model, written in Simscript II.5, was designed to per mit experime...
Amplifying Real Estate Value through Energy & Water Management: From ESCO to "Energy Services Partner"

The energy service company (ESCO) business model could become significantly more effective by integrating the energy-efficiency purveyor and their capital into the underlying building ownership and operation partnership, rather than the current model in which the ESCO remains an outsider with higher transaction costs and limited interest and participation in the value created by the cost savings. Resource conservation advocates rarely use the language of real estate to articulate the cost effectiveness of capital improvements aimed at reducing utility costs in commercial and residential income properties. Conventional methods that rely on rarefied academic notions of simple payback time or a narrow definition of return on investment fail to capture a significant component of the true market value created by virtue of reduced operating expenses. Improvements in energy and water efficiency can increase the fundamental profitability of real estate investments by raising Net Operating Income (NOI), and hence returns during the holding period, and, ultimately, proceeds at time of sale. We introduce the concept of an Energy Services Partner, who takes an equity interest in a real estate partnership in exchange for providing the expertise and capital required to reduce utility operating costs. Profit to all partners increases considerably as a result. This approach would also help to address a crisis facing ESCOs today stemming from their considerable liabilities (through guaranteed savings) and negligible offsetting assets.
Operational modeling and simulation of an inter-bay AMHS in semiconductor wafer fabrication

This paper studies the operational logic in an inter-bay automated material handling system (AMHS) in semiconductor wafer fabrication. This system consists of stockers located in a two-floor layout. Automated moving devices transfer lots between stockers within the same floor (intra-floor lot transfer) or between different floors (inter-floor lot transfer). Intra-floor lot-transferring transports use a two-rail one-directional system, whereas inter-floor lot-transferring transports use lifters. The decision problem consists of selecting rails and lifters that minimize average lot-delivery time. Several operation rules to deliver lots from source stocker to destination stocker are proposed and their performance is evaluated by discrete event simulation.
Active Control Strategies for Discovering and Localizing Devices with Range-Only Sensors

This paper addresses the problem of actively controlling robotic teams with range-only sensors to (a) discover and (b) localize an unknown number of devices. We develop separate information based objectives to achieve both goals, and examine ways of combining them into a unified approach. Despite the computational complexity of calculating these policies for multiple robots over long time horizons, a series of approximations enable all calculations to be performed in polynomial time. We demonstrate the tangible benefits of our approaches through a series of simulations in complex indoor environments.
Estimating an origin–destination table for US imports of waterborne containerized freight

Abstract Containerized freight imports into the US are growing at an average of 10% per year. This traffic is concentrated at a small number of US seaports. It is therefore important to have an accurate understanding of the flow of containers from their origin country through these seaports to their final destination. This paper develops an optimization model to estimate route flows and a corresponding multi-modal origin–destination table for containers by synthesizing data on international trade and railcar movements with a gravity model for the demand of container traffic. This analysis provides insights into the balance of rail and truck inland transportation from each port.
The Effect of Fleeting Attraction on Compliance to Requests

Three studies examined the effects of fleeting attraction on compliance to a request. Participants in Study 1 who either spoke with a confederate for a few minutes or sat quietly in a room with the confederate were more likely to agree to a request from the confederate than were participants not exposed to these manipulations. Findings from Study 2 replicated the mere exposure effect and argue against alternative interpretations based on priming and mood. Study 3 participants were more likely to agree with a request when led to believe the requester was similar to themselves. The findings support the notion of automatic responding to requests, with individuals reacting to fleeting feelings of attraction as if dealing with friends and long-term acquaintances.
Distributed-code generation from hybrid systems models for time-delayed multirate systems

Hybrid systems are an appropriate formalism to model embedded systems as they capture the theme of continuous dynamics with discrete control. A simple extension, a network of communicating hybrid automata, allows for modeling distributed embedded systems. Although it is possible to generate code from such models, it is difficult to provide formal guarantees in the code with respect to the model. One of the reasons for this is that, the model is set in continuous time and concurrent execution with instantaneous communication, whereas the generated code is set in discrete time with delayed communication. This can introduce semantic differences between the model and the code such as missed transitions, faulty transitions, and altered continuous behavior. The goal of faithful code generation is to minimize these differences.In this paper, we propose a relaxed criteria of faithfulness, coined relative faithful implementation. Based on this criteria, we propose dynamically adjusting the guard at runtime using estimates of errors for preventing faulty transitions. We also identify a sufficient condition to ensure no missed transitions in the code.
Social contact influences histological and behavioral outcomes following cerebral ischemia

Social interaction is neuroprotective following stroke, however, social housing introduces numerous social and sensory stimuli, and the individual contribution of these stimuli to stroke outcome is unknown. The current study was designed to investigate the role of physical contact in mediating the protective effect of social interaction in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia. Male mice were housed individually (socially isolated) or paired with an ovariectomized female in standard housing conditions, or in a cage separated by a grid partition that prevented physical contact. Implantable transmitters continuously recorded core body temperature and locomotor activity beginning 24 h before cerebral ischemia and continuing through 72 h of reperfusion. Among mice housed in standard cages, pair housing reduced infarct volume and led to a recovery of locomotor activity compared to social isolation. However, among mice that were pair housed in a partitioned cage that prevented social interaction throughout the experiment, infarct volume was comparable to that of socially isolated mice. Further, locomotor activity did not fully recover by 72 h among paired mice that were separated by a partition. Core body temperature did not differ by housing condition in mice undergoing stroke. Taken together, these data suggest that the physical contact component of social interaction is an important mediator of social influences on stroke outcome.
A comment on Bowles and Gintis' Marxian theory of value

In a recent article (1977, pp. 173-192), Bowles and Gintis provide a Marxian model which attempts to incorporate the idea of heterogeneous labour. In so doing, Bowles and Gintis redefine many Marxian concepts by introducing vector-valued concepts in place of the real-valued numerical measures normally used. The purpose of this comment is to examine the meaning of Bowles and Gintis use of the word hetero geneous and the relation of this use to Bowles and Gintis' belief that their framework may be of use in analysing exploitation among and between various segments of labour and capitalists. It may be claimed, following Marx, that skill differences may be taken into account by treating them as simple multiples of basic abstract labour. It is important to recog nise, however, that such skill differences result from a process of training or education that turns simple abstract labour into skilled labour. In Marx's words (1968, p. 191)
Student agency to participate in dialogic science discussions

Abstract Students enter learning situations (informal and formal alike) with a wealth of knowledge, skill and expertise with which to engage in new learning experiences. However, in dialogic science discussions, many students do not call on these resources to engaging in discussion, and some students rarely participate. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid model of agency as a lens to examine the enablers and barriers to students' engagement in dialogic science discussions. We operationalize this model in the analysis of students' participation patterns in whole class discussions and their narratives about experiences in these discussions. The findings show that all students enact agency in discussion, but differences lie in the extent to which students perceive that they can enact agency. We find that social structures that help to create and perpetuate differences in students' sense that they can enact their agency. We discuss the implications of these findings on what teachers can do to support equitable participation in talk in the service of equitable opportunities for learning.
A Case Study on Landslide-Generated Tsunami and Its Impact on the U.S. Atlantic Coast

Recent studies suggested that the potential eruption of Cumbre Vieja Valcano on La Palma Island may cause catastrophic failure of the west flank and generate a tsunami that threats the American coasts (e.g. Ward and Day, 2001; Lovholt et al., 2008). In the present study, we revisit this problem with a credible worst case scenario and advanced numerical approaches.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Cordylobia Anthropophaga (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Myiasis in an Infant and Dog and a Technique for Larval Rearing

Two cases of Cordylobia anthropophaga myiasis, 1 case each in an infant and a dog in Kenya, are described. Third-instar larvae collected from the dog were implanted in laboratory rats, and puparia were recovered 4–6 days later. Puparia were held at 26 ± 1 °C, and adult flies emerged after 16–20 days. Transfer of larvae to laboratory animals could be used to obtain adults for taxonomic studies, colonization, or immunologic studies of host response to C. anthropophaga larvae.
The Investigation and Countermeasures to Family Water’s Risk Factors in Poor Rural Area

OBJECTIVES To understand the present situation of family water in poor rural area and to discuss the measures and the countermeasures to ensure rural family water’s security.METHODS Using the method of multi-stage’ s random samplings to investigate the situation of family water and potable water’s head of 20 administrative villages’ 600 residents in 10 townships of Gangu Country.For 256 water samples,this paper tests the water’s quality through 17 projects.RESULTS The risk factors of rureal family water cover every links from waterhead to consumers.For example,centralized water facilities have not established the waterhead reserve;obvious protection symbol has not been set up within the waterhead and so on.Besides,there is pollution source in the vicinity of water intake of decentralized water.Protection measures are not enough.Family water exists the risk of secondary pollution.In the water quality’s examination,the acceptance rate of microorganism target reaches as low as 75.0%.In the result,the water quality of decentralized water is lower than that of centralized water.CONCLUSIONS The rural family water’s health and the potable water security need to be improved urgently.
Centrality of bone marrow in the severity of gadolinium-based contrast-induced systemic fibrosis

Systemic fibrosis can be induced in humans with gadolinium-based contrast, and cumulative doses correlate with severity. Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes accumulate in the dermis. Whether target organs liberate chemokines to recruit these fibrocytes or whether fibrocytes are stimulated to home to the affected tissue is unknown. Transgenic (tagged) donor rats were treated with gadolinium-based contrast. Bone marrow was obtained from diseased animals and age-matched controls. Rats with subtotal nephrectomies were lethally irradiated and underwent salvage transplantation with either the contrast-naive or contrast-exposed bone marrow. Groups were randomly assigned to control or contrast treatment. Contrast treatment led to dermal fibrosis, and this was exacerbated in recipients of contrast-exposed marrow. Fibronectin, C-C chemokine receptors (CCRs)2 and 7, and oxidative stress were all increased in skin from contrast-treated animals-all parameters more severe in recipients of contrast-treated animals. The respective ligands, monocyte chemoattractant protein and C-C motif ligand 19, were both elevated in skin from contrast-treated animals. Coadministration of gadolinium-based contrast and a CCR2 inhibitor reduced the severity of skin disease as well as dermal cellularity. The functional role of chemokines in the effects of gadolinium-based contrast was further confirmed in in situ coculture studies using neutralizing CCR2 antibodies. These data implicate dermal liberation of specific chemokines in the recruitment of circulating bone marrow-derived cells. The disease is augmented by bone marrow exposure to contrast, which explains why multiple exposures correlate with severity.-Drel, V. R., Tan, C., Barnes, J. L., Gorin, Y., Lee, D.-Y., Wagner, B. Centrality of bone marrow in the severity of gadolinium-based contrast-induced systemic fibrosis.
Determinants of Intra‐Household Gender Bias: Evidence from Timor‐Leste

Household bargaining models indicate that girls' access to resources does not depend solely on household income, but also on a number of factors that affect women's bargaining power. Data describing the allocation of resources within households is rare, prompting the development of inferential methods. Using a methodology that only requires household-level expenditure data, we analyze intra-household resource allocation in Timor-Leste. While the results do not support the hypothesis that allocation is biassed towards boys in the full population we find, in subpopulations where women are likely to have less bargaining power, substantial anti-girl bias. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
"CEOs, COOs, and Cognition: Resolving a Top Management Team Conundrum"

The question of whether the presence of CEO/COO duos benefits firm performance has intrigued those who study top management teams and corporate leadership. Yet scholars have answered this question ...
Maintenance intravesical bacillusCalmette-guerin for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

Abstract Eighteen patients with recurrent and/or multifocal superficial transitional cell carcinomaof the bladder who were rendered tumor free by transurethral resection and were then treated with either a single or second six-week course of induction Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy, followed by maintenance therapy, were retrospectively reviewed. A 73 percent complete response rate was achieved in those patients treated prophylactically, while a 70 percent complete response rate was observed in patients treated for carcinoma in situ (CIS) with an average follow-up of twenty-nine months. Maintenance therapy may be warranted in those patients able to tolerate it without significant side effects.
Small Acts to Redeem the Times: 1951–66

When Waugh wrote this letter to Nancy Mitford, he had begun his extended work on Helena, so presumably he was thinking of projects as yet unbegun. He sees his future as a writer solely in terms of his personal experience and retrospectively. Since he was in his early fifties, his survey of future production seems thin, even when one factors in that both war novel and autobiography were to be multi-volume works. In the event, though the war novel did appear in three volumes, only one volume of the autobiography was written, yet compensation came in the form of a second ‘gift’ to go with The Loved One: The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. The list of postwar publications is filled out by some short(ish) fictions: Scott-King’s Modern Europe (1947), Love Among the Ruins (1953), and Basil Seal Rides Again (1963); a biography, The Life of the Right Reverend Ronald Knox (1959); and a feeble travel book, A Tourist in Africa (1960). (There are also some items of interest to collectors: Wine in War and Peace [1947] and The Holy Places [1952].)
Overall Assessment of CES and PCE Elasticities

As has been noted at several points, the primary purpose of this exercise has been to estimate price and total-expenditure elasticities for as broad an array of consumption categories as possible from cross-sectional data from the BLS quarterly surveys of consumer expenditures and time-series data from the personal consumption expenditure tables of the National Income and Product Accounts. A substantial number of elasticities have been estimated, and at this point readers are probably weary of the prospect of seeing more. Accordingly, this chapter will bring this part of the study to a close by summarizing the results that have been obtained to this point and assessing their significance for future U.S. consumption behavior. However, to begin with, it will be useful to remind ourselves of the important differences between the present effort and the earlier editions of CDUS.
Institutional Pathology and the Death of Dan Markingson

ABSTRACTIn the spring of 2015, 11 years after a mentally ill young man named Dan Markingson stabbed himself to death in an industry-sponsored drug study, officials at the University of Minnesota suspended recruitment of subjects into drug trials in its Department of Psychiatry. University officials agreed to act only after a scathing investigation by Minnesota Office of the Legislative Auditor found damning evidence of coerced recruitment, inadequate clinical care, superficial research oversight, a web of serious, disturbing conflicts of interest, and a pattern of misleading public statements by university officials aimed at deflecting scrutiny. In this article, I examine the larger institutional factors leading up to Markingson’s suicide and prevented corrective action for so long.
EU Simulations and Engagement: Motivating Greater Interest in European Union Politics.

ABSTRACTWhile the effects of simulation-based courses on the knowledge of participating students may be marginal in relation to standard lecture and discussion-based courses, this article argues that the greatest leverage is gained by increasing participating students’ level of interest in the subject of study and in politics more broadly. Participants tend to become increasingly absorbed in their roles and in the politics of the institutions at the center of the simulation. To better consider this possibility, we conducted a survey of students participating in the 2015 Mid-Atlantic European Union Simulation and of appropriate control populations. The survey results indeed suggest that, much more than simply acquiring knowledge about the EU, the simulation experience serves to generate more robust interest in the subject of study.
Integrative Approaches to Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery

This chapter focuses on patient-centered and holistic management of individuals undergoing thyroid surgery, from the preoperative to the postoperative phases of their treatment. Holistic care recognizes that illness involves the whole person and that mind and body issues need to be addressed, synchronously throughout the process, for the patient to feel served and whole at the end. Holistic care uses an integrative medicine approach that combines evidenced-based conventional medicine with complementary therapies, when needed, to achieve wellness after thyroidectomy and cancer diagnosis. Wellness is a state of health that encompasses vitality or vigor of body and mind, not just mere absence of disease. Data in the last decade has unmasked the physical and neurocognitive burden, after thyroidectomy, of hypothyroidism and the additive impact of a thyroid cancer diagnosis. Even though, in most, the original thyroid condition has been cured and thyroid replacement is adequate, many remain unwell with complaints of weight gain, fatigue, psychiatric and neurocognitive issues, worry, and impairment in quality of life. We lack evidence-based approaches to address these mind-body issues that result in lack of wellness post-thyroidectomy in these two groups of patients. Treatment of hypothyroidism is a complex and imperfect science, and levothyroxine therapy is never quite right for a significant (10–20 %) minority of patients. This chapter discusses the standard of care treatment of hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy and the rationale for use of complementary and alternative therapies to address hypothyroid complaints and other mind-body issues not adequately addressed by current treatment methods. The integration of complementary therapies to conventional medicine broadens the spectrum of options we can offer patients where standard therapies are limited.
Genomic Analysis of Factors Associated with Low Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 95 Strains.

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains belonging to multilocus sequence type 95 (ST95) are globally distributed and a common cause of infections in humans and domestic fowl. ST95 isolates generally show a lower prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance than other pandemic ExPEC lineages. We took a genomic approach to identify factors that may underlie reduced resistance. We fully assembled genomes for four ST95 isolates representing the four major fimH-based lineages within ST95 and also analyzed draft-level genomes from another 82 ST95 isolates, largely from the western United States. The fully assembled genomes of antibiotic-resistant isolates carried resistance genes exclusively on large (>90-kb) IncFIB/IncFII plasmids. These replicons were common in the draft genomes as well, particularly in antibiotic-resistant isolates, but we also observed multiple instances of a smaller (8.3-kb) ampicillin resistance plasmid that had been previously identified in Salmonella enterica. Among ST95 isolates, pansusceptibility to antibiotics was significantly associated with the fimH6 lineage and the presence of homologs of the previously identified 114-kb IncFIB/IncFII plasmid pUTI89, both of which were also associated with reduced carriage of other plasmids. Potential mechanistic explanations for lineage- and plasmid-specific effects on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance within the ST95 group are discussed. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major public health concern. This work was motivated by the observation that only a small proportion of ST95 isolates, a major pandemic lineage of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, have acquired antibiotic resistance, in contrast to many other pandemic lineages. Understanding bacterial genetic factors that may prevent acquisition of resistance could contribute to the development of new biological, medical, or public health strategies to reduce antibiotic-resistant infections.
Impact of the Medical Device Tax on Firm R&D and Performance: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act

This article examines how the excise tax affects firm research and development (R&D) investment and performance in the medical device industry in the United States. The Affordable Care Act imposed a 2.3% excise tax on medical devices from January 2013. Using the Compustat data from 2006 and 2015, the author finds that the medical device tax significantly reduced the R&D investment, sales revenues, gross margins, earnings, and return on equity for medical device manufacturing firms. In addition, the device tax significantly increased their international sales revenue, international diversification, and customer diversification in the U.S. markets.
Chapter 46 – The Role of Dopamine D3 Receptors in Cocaine-Related Behavior

Cocaine is a highly addictive drug of abuse whose addictive liability arises from its capacity to function as a powerful reinforcer (reward). This behavioral effect is dependent on its capacity to function as an indirect agonist of dopamine, resulting in enhanced stimulation of dopamine receptors, including the dopamine D3 subtype of receptor. In recent years the role of dopamine D3 receptors in the behavioral effects of cocaine has received considerable attention. This chapter highlights the role of dopamine D3 receptors specifically in relation to the rewarding, incentive motivational, and stimulant effects of cocaine. Antagonism of dopamine D3 receptors (1) attenuates cocaine self-administration (reward) but mainly when response demands are high and driven by cocaine cues, (2) inhibits cue-induced cocaine seeking, and (3) inhibits the expression of cocaine conditioned place preference. Generally, it seems that dopamine D3 receptors are involved in mediating the incentive motivational effects of cocaine.
Invasive Streptococcus viridans sphenoethmoiditis leading to an orbital apex syndrome

Abstract Purpose Orbital apex syndrome due to spread of infectious sinusitis is a serious disease, often with an insidious presentation with few ophthalmic signs and symptoms. Failure to recognize and treat infectious orbital apex syndrome early portends a grave prognosis, including profound, permanent visual loss and potentially death. Herein we describe a representative case and discuss the relevant aspects of prompt diagnosis and treatment. Observations An unusual case of infectious orbital apex syndrome due to contiguous spread of Streptococcus viridans sphenoethmoiditis in a hospitalized, immunosuppressed patient with acute myelogenous leukemia is presented. Given the few clinic signs and subtle imaging findings, a delay in diagnosis occurred resulting in vision loss to light perception and internal carotid artery occlusion within the cavernous sinus. A brief literature review of orbital apex syndromes is presented. Conclusion and importance A high clinical suspicion for orbital apex syndrome must be maintained in the appropriate circumstance given the subtle clinical signs and imaging, as well as the potential devastating morbidity of the disease process. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is crucial to patient survival and preservation of vision.