cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of current pesticide use from temporal and Clausius-Clapeyron plots: a case study from the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network

We found evidence of recent agricultural pesticide use in atmospheric samples collected at Point Petre, Ontario, one of the sampling sites of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network. The evidence consists of a residual cycle of γ-HCH concentrations that remains after correction for temperature effects. While the recent use of γ-HCH has been observed by other researchers, the length and resolution of this study allow for a more quantitative assessment. To characterize the residual cycle, we compared the fit of three periodic functions and included the function with the best fit in a model with temperature and time. The estimated parameters were used to identify agricultural use as the source of the residual cycle. We also examined the effect of agricultural use on the information typically extracted from Clausius-Clapeyron plots. We found that the presence of an agricultural cycle maximizing near the temperature cycle results in an increased enthalpy of phase transition. In addition, the phase offset of the two cycles results in an increased apparent scatter in the data. Finally, the shape of the agricultural cycle imparts curvature to the normally linear relationship observed in Clausius-Clapeyron plots. These findings suggest that recent interpretations of Clausius-Clapeyron plots in terms of a compound's environmental behavior may be incomplete.
Effects of varying the input and downstream HCl and PH3 pressures and the H2 flow rate on the hydride growth of InP

Abstract The effects of introducing HCl downstream, varying the input HCl and PH 3 concentrations, and varying the H 2 carrier gas flow rate on the growth rate and morphology of hydride grown InP films were studied. The growth rate initially increased with the downstream HCl pressure, but at high concentrations the growth rate decreased linearly. Also, using downstream HCl greatly improves the morphology. The growth rate initially increased with the input HCl concentration, reached a maximum, and then decreased. The growth rate increased with the input PH 3 concentration, and it also increased with the H 2 flow rate even though the constituent partial pressures decreased.
Yb:YAG laser welding of TRIP780 steel with dual phase and mild steels for use in tailor welded blanks

Abstract Advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are essential to meet the demands of safety and fuel efficiency in vehicles. In this paper, we present the results of laser welding of two AHSS steels, TRIP780 and DP980. A 2 kW Trumpf TRUDISK 6002® Yb:YAG laser beam was utilized to join 1 mm thick TRIP780 with 1.5 mm thick DP980 and 1 mm thick mild steel. Optical metallography was used to characterize the weld profile and microstructures. Microhardness, tensile and fatigue tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results indicate that the laser welds exhibit excellent strength and hardness with minimal defects which are attributed to the high beam quality, disk type of laser. In addition, there is a distinct effect of pre-straining of TRIP780 steels on the energy absorption.
METHANOL ADSORPTION AND DECOMPOSITION ON (2 1)PT(110) : ENHANCED STABILITY OF THE METHOXY INTERMEDIATE ON A STEPPED SURFACE

Abstract The decomposition of methanol on (2 × 1)Pt(110) is examined using TPD and EELS. It is found that the methanol adsorbs molecularly at 100 K. Some of the methanol desorbs upon heating to 125–200 K and some decomposes to yield methoxy (μ-OCH3). Upon further heating to 215–275 K some of the methoxy recombines with hydrogen to yield methanol and some decomposes to yield CO and hydrogen. There is also the hint of a transient intermediate at 220 K which has characteristics consistent with formaldehyde (CH2=Oab) or a formyl (−CH=Oab) species. A comparison with the previous literature indicates that the decomposition of the methoxy intermediate is much slower on (2 × 1)Pt(110) than on Pt(111) even though there are (111) terraces on (2 × 1)Pt(110). Thus. this paper demonstrates for the first time that steps can decrease the rate of a simple decomposition reaction.
Facial muscle patterning and subjective experience during affective imagery: sex differences.

Facial electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the zygomatic, corrugator, masse-ter and frontalis muscle regions in 30 male and 30 female subjects. Forty-eight items were selected to reflect happy, sad, angry and fearful situations. Subjects imagined each of the items for 40 sec and rated how they felt on a scale tapping the four emotions. The results indicated that for certain emotions, muscle regions and ratings, females (as compared to males): 1) generated facial EMG patterns of greater magnitude (relative to rest) during affective imagery, 2) reported a stronger experience of emotion to the imagery, 3) showed greater within-subject correlations between the experience of emotions and facial EMG, 4) evidenced somewhat higher corrugator and significantly lower masseter EMG activity during rest, and 5) generated greater facial EMG changes during a post-imagery, voluntary facial expression condition. Cultural and biological interpretations of the data are considered. The importance of evaluating gender in psychophysiological studies of emotion is stressed.
WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCY OF THE MAXIMUM QUANTUM YIELD OF CARBON FIXATION FOR TWO RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATES, HETEROCAPSA PYGMAEA AND PROROCENTRUM MINIMUM (PYRROPHYTA): IMPLICATIONS FOR MEASURING PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES1

The influence of photoadaptive state on the spectral dependency of the maximum quantum yield for carbon fixation was determined for two red tide dinoflagellates, Heterocapsa pygmaea Loeblich, Schmidt, et Sherley and Prorocentrum minimum Pavillard. Cultures were acclimated to green, blue, red, and white light. The spectral dependency in the light-limited slope of the photosynthesis–irradiance curves (α) was measured with carbon action spectra that, when divided by the spectrally weighted absorption coefficient, provided estimates of the maximum quantum yield (φmax) for carbon fixation. Values of φmax varied with wavelength within each culture condition as well as between different culture conditions. The degree to which the spectral dependency in φmax was influenced by the presence of photoprotective carotenoids and/or energy imbalances between photosystems I and II was assessed for both dinoflagellates. The impact of photoprotective pigmentation on the spectral dependency of φmax was most significant for cells grown under high light conditions reflecting the enrichment of diadinoxanthin. Energy imbalances between the photosystems was assessed by quantifying enhancement effects on spectral φmax in the presence of background illumination. Under our experimental conditions, enhancement effects on carbon action spectra were evident for H. pygmaea under nearly all growth conditions but were not detectable for P. minimum under any growth condition. We hypothesize that sensitivity to enhancement effects reflected differences in the structure of the photosynthetic machinery of these two peridinin-containing dinoflagellates. While measurements of φmax are sensitive to the color of the light within an incubator, the relative impact on the spectral dependency of a was less than the wavelength dependency associated with the cellular absorption properties. Finally we used our data to validate an approach proposed by others to aid in the correction of photosynthetic measurements where the in situ spectral light field cannot be easily mimicked. The average error using this approach was 8%, which was significantly less than the error associated with ignoring the spectral dependency in α.
Spatial Structure, Environmental Heterogeneity, and Population Dynamics: Analysis of the Coupled Logistic Map

Spatial extent can have two important consequences for population dynamics: It can generatespatial structure, in which individuals interact more intensely with neighbors than with more distant conspecifics, and it allows forenvironmental heterogeneity, in which habitat quality varies spatially. Studies of these features are difficult to interpret because the models are complex and sometimes idiosyncratic. Here we analyze one of the simplest possible spatial population models, to understand the mathematical basis for the observed patterns: two patches coupled by dispersal, with dynamics in each patch governed by the logistic map. With suitable choices of parameters, this model can represent spatial structure, environmental heterogeneity, or both in combination. We synthesize previous work and new analyses on this model, with two goals: to provide a comprehensive baseline to aid our understanding of more complex spatial models, and to generate predictions about the effects of spatial structure and environmental heterogeneity on population dynamics. Spatial structure alone can generate positive, negative, or zero spatial correlations between patches when dispersal rates are high, medium, or low relative to the complexity of the local dynamics. It can also lead to quasiperiodicity and hyperchaos, which are not present in the nonspatial model. With density-independent dispersal, spatial structure cannot destabilize equilibria or periodic orbits that would be stable in the absence of space. When densities in the two patches are uncorrelated, the probability that the population in a patch reaches extreme low densities is reduced relative to the same patch in isolation; this “rescue effect” would reduce the probability of metapopulation extinction beyond the simple effect of spreading of risk. Pure environmental heterogeneity always produces positive spatial correlations. The dynamics of the entire population is approximated by a nonspatial model with mean patch characteristics. This approximation worsens as the difference between the patches increases and the dispersal rate decreases: Under extreme conditions, destabilization of equilibria and periodic orbits occurs at mean parameter values lower than those predicted by the mean parameters. Apparent within-patch dynamics are distorted: The local population appears to have the wrong growth parameter and a constant number of immigrants (or emigrants) per generation. Adding environmental heterogeneity to spatial structure increases the occurrence of spatially correlated population dynamics, but the resulting temporal dynamics are more complex than would be predicted by the mean parameter values. The three classes of spatial pattern (positive, negative, and zero correlation), while still mathematically distinct, become increasingly similar phenomenologically.
Interplay of dislocation slip and deformation twinning in tantalum at high strain rates

Deformation twinning was introduced in Ta through dynamic compression shear and uniaxial compression at high strain rates up to ∼10 4 s −1 at low temperatures. Under dominant shear, the specimens showed continuous strain softening at high rates, and the deformation twins showed anomalous and highly irregular morphologies. Under compression, deformation twins appeared as typical straight and thin plates accompanied by considerable strain hardening in mechanical response. The results are correlated with the interplay of slip and deformation twinning unique for body-centered cubic metals.
Examination of parameter variations in the U. S. Navy Global Ensemble

The impact of parameter variations on the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System ensemble performance is examined, and subsets of ensemble members are used to identify the relative impact of the individual parameters. Two sets of parameter variations are considered. The first set has variations in the parametrization of cumulus convection only. The second set has variations in both convection and boundary layer parametrizations. In the tropics, parameter variations significantly increase ensemble spread in wind and temperature fields, and significantly reduce Brier scores for low-level wind speed and temperature, primarily through improvements to the resolution (the impact in the extratropics is negligible). There are also small but significant improvements in the ensemble mean tropical cyclone track forecasts. For the metrics considered here, the second set of parameter variations outperforms the first set. Examination of the spread within ensemble subsets suggests that the parameter with the biggest overall impact is one that helps to control the convective updraft parcel temperature deficit at cloud base level. Variations in the von Karman constant significantly increase ensemble spread in the low-level tropical winds near the date line, and in the low-level temperature field throughout the tropics and subtropics.
Quantifying Sediment Nitrogen Releases Associated with Estuarine Dredging

Experimental studies of sediment pore water NH4 + chemistry, adsorbed NH4 + concentrations, sediment–water NH4 + exchange and N2–N flux were carried out to quantify the mass of labile N that can be released during large-scale dredging activities. Pore water NH4 + concentrations below 0.5-m sediment depth averaged 5 ± 2 mmol L−1 with average adsorbed NH4 + concentrations of 11 μmol g−1. Elevated NH4 + concentrations found in rapidly accreting dredge channels are partly a result of the rapid advective burial of both reactive organic matter and pore water. Elutriate tests, a dilution of sediment with site water, yielded adsorbed NH4 + concentrations very similar to those using the more typical KCl extraction. Intact deep sediment sections exposed to overlying water, used to simulate postdredging conditions, showed high initial fluxes of ammonium and no development of coupled nitrification–denitrification under the cold incubation conditions. Despite high concentrations and effluxes of NH4 + during dredging, the amount of NH4 + release during dredging was <0.5% of northern Chesapeake Bay sediment fluxes. The likelihood of large environmental effects of nitrogen release during the dredging of navigational channels in the Chesapeake Bay is low.
Telomeres: More Than Chromosomal Non-Sticking Ends

Telomeres are specialized natural ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that, contrary to the ends of broken chromosomes, are stable and do not fuse with the ends of other chromosomes. In addition, telomeres protect chromosomal ends from degradation, facilitate completion of chromosomal DNA replication, and contribute to chromosome positioning within nuclei. Telomeric DNA consists of repetitive sequences and specific associated proteins, including the telomere repeat-binding factors TRF1 and TRF2. A lack of TRF2 enables end-to-end chromosome fusion. A structural disruption of telomeres not only causes chromosomal mechanical instability but also activates a programmed cell death cascade.
Sodium Selenate Fertilisation Increases Selenium Accumulation and Decreases Glucosinolate Concentration in Rapid-cycling Brassica Oleracea

Glucosinolates (GSs) are S-containing compounds found in Brassica species and whose degradation products may provide protection against cancer. Sulphoraphane, a product of 4-methyl-sulphinylbutyl GS degradation, is a particularly potent inhibitor of anticarcinogenic detoxification enzymes. Selenium also has anticancer properties, and consumption of plants containing Se may be an effective way to increase dietary Se. Since plant uptake of Se and S is competitive, GS synthesis may be affected by Se fertilisation. The objective of this study was to determine how Se fertilisation of rapid-cycling B oleracea would affect Se and GS concentrations. Plants were grown in hydroponic solutions containing 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 6.0, 7.2 or 9.0 mg l -1 Na 2 SeO 4 . Mineral and glucosinolate concentrations were measured in shoots harvested just before anthesis. Total GSs decreased from 5.84 μmol g -1 (0.0 mg l -1 Na 2 SeO 4 ) to 1.90 μmol g -1 (9.0 mg l -1 Na 2 SeO 4 ). Levels of 4-methylsulphinylbutyl GS decreased 90% when Na 2 SeO 4 fertilisation was increased from 0 to 1 mg l -1 , and remained low at higher Na 2 SeO 4 concentrations. Shoot Se concentration was undetectable at 0.0 mg l -1 Na 2 SeO 4 and increased significantly with Na 2 SeO 4 fertilisation. Although B oleracea may not simultaneously deliver high levels of dietary 4-methylsulphinylbutyl GS and Se, levels of other GSs with anticarcinogenic benefits may be beneficial even with Se fertilisation. Des plants de Brassica oleracea ont ete cultives dans des solutions hydroponiques en presence de differentes concentrations de selenate de sodium. Les compositions minerales et en glucosinolate ont ete mesurees dans la plante. Le taux de glucosinolate de 4-methylsulphinylbutyle diminue de 90% quand la fertilisation avec NaSeO4 passe de 0a 1mg/l, a l'inverse d'autres glucosinolates a activite anticancereuse qui ne sont pas affectes par les doses de selenium lors de la fertilisation.
Two promoters control the mouse Nmp4/CIZ transcription factor gene.

Abstract Nmp4/CIZ proteins (nuclear matrix protein 4/cas interacting zinc finger protein) contribute to gene regulation in bone, blood, and testis. In osteoblasts, they govern the magnitude of gene response to osteotropic factors like parathyroid hormone (PTH). Nmp4/CIZ is recurrently involved in acute leukemia and it has been implicated in spermatogenesis. However, these conserved proteins, derived from a single gene, are expressed in numerous tissues indicative of a more generalized housekeeping function in addition to their tissue-specific roles. To address how Nmp4/CIZ expression is governed, we characterized the 5′ regulatory region of the mouse Nmp4 gene, located on chromosome 6. Two adjacent promoters P1 [−2521 nucleotide (nt)/−597 nt] and P2 (−2521 nt/+1 nt) initiate transcription of alternative first exons (U1 and U2). Both promoters lack TATA and CCAAT boxes but contain initiator sites and CpG islands. Northern analysis revealed expression of both U1 and U2 in numerous adult tissues consistent with the constitutive and ubiquitous activity of a housekeeping gene. Sequence analysis identified numerous potential transcription factor-binding sites significant to osteogenesis, hematopoeisis, and gonadal development. The promoters are active in both osteoblast-like cells and in the M12 B-lymphocyte cell line. Low doses of PTH attenuated P1/P2 activity in osteoblast-like cells. The Nmp4/CIZ promoters are autoregulated and deletion analysis identified regions that drive P1 and P2 basal activities as well as regions that contain positive and negative regulatory elements affecting transcription. The Nmp4/CIZ promoters comprise a genomic regulatory architecture that supports constitutive expression as well as cell- and tissue-specific regulation.
The future of femme: Notes on femininity, aging and gender theory:

This article begins by contextualizing the author's experience as an aging femme trying to locate herself in relation to the representation of the femme as lesbianism’s “bad girl.” From the point o...
Decerebrate Rigidity in Animals

Decerebrate rigidity (DR) in animals is caused by a release of spinal neurons from supraspinal inhibition, which results in a caricature of reflex standing and includes tonic neck and labyrinthine reflexes. The reticular formation, cerebellum, vestibular complex, spinal cord, and muscle spindle system and their neurophysiological interaction are critical to DR. Its discovery and investigation were essential to Sherrington's concept of the integrative action of the nervous system. There are two types of DR with different anatomical and physiological bases. Intercollicular decerebration yields rigidity in extensor muscles that results from bilateral destruction of the central tegmental tracts, is abolished by posterior root section, and is due to a facilitation of gamma motoneuron discharge (gamma animal). Anemic decerebration is characterized by excessive extensor rigidity, depends upon the release of tonic labryinthine reflexes from cerebellar inhibition, is independent of posterior root section, and is caused by excessive alpha motoneuron discharge (alpha animal). DR has provided an insight into the mechanisms of posture and standing, but the correlation of laboratory observations and results from animals to humans must be made with caution.
The time dependent strain potential function for a polymeric glass

Abstract Torsion and normal force measurements were made during single step stress relaxation experiments on a polymeric glass (PMMA). Isochronal data were analysed using an approach adapted from that developed by Penn and Kearsley 1 (for incompressible elastic materials) to determine the derivatives ∂W ∂I 1 , and ∂W ∂I 2 of the time dependent strain potential function. ∂W ∂I 1 and ∂W ∂I 2 are determined from existing solution to the torsion of an incompressible cylinder. A special solution to the torsion of a compressible cylinder is presented and it is shown that the values of ∂W ∂I 1 and ∂W ∂I 2 obtained using this solution to analyse the data do not differ greatly from those obtained using the incompressible solution. It is found from both solutions that ∂W ∂I 1 is negative and increases towards zero with increasing time and deformation while ∂W ∂I 2 is positive, greater in magnitude than ∂W ∂I 1 and decreases towards zero with increasing time and deformation. These results were unexpected and a full understanding of their meaning has yet to be reached.
NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ACTIVITIES OF HOLMIUM

Proton bombardment of pure oxides of Dy, Ho, and Er has served to clear up some uncertainties concerning neutron-deficient activities of Ho. Two previously reported activities, 5.2 day and 65 day, were not found, and reassignment of the 5.0-hour activity to a mass of 162 is made. The gamma-ray spectrum of the 5.0-hour activity shows it to decay by electron capture with gamma energies of 0.19, 0.71, and 0.95 Mev. 41-minute ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{164}$ is shown to decay by electron capture and by ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ emission.
The electromagnetic response of the heavy electron superconductor URu 2 Si 2

We report measurements of the surface resistance and skin depth in single crystals of the heavy electron superconductor URu2Si2. The measurements were made in all-copper helical resonators in the frequency range 0.19 GHz to 0.54 GHz with the ac fieldB ‖ a-axis and the induced current,J, alternately along the a- and c-axes. The surface resistance appears to exhibit the nonexponential behavior expected for a heavy electron superconductor; however, the behavior of the skin depth is more anomalous: The ac magnetic field penetrates more deeply into the superconducting sample at higher frequencies.
Oxidation of NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine by Nitric Oxide Synthase: Evidence for the Involvement of the Heme in Catalysis

The involvement of the protoporphyrin IX heme iron of macrophage nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the oxidation of NG-hydroxy-L-arginine (L-NHA) to nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline was investigated by carbon monoxide (CO) inhibition studies and binding difference spectroscopy. A CO:oxygen mixture (80:20) was found to inhibit the reaction by 33% with L-NHA as a substrate compared to 57% with L-arginine. Spectral perturbations were observed upon the addition of L-NHA to oxidized NOS, producing a type I binding difference spectrum with a maximum at 384 nm and minimum at 420 nm. In addition, L-NHA was incapable of reducing anaerobic oxidized NOS in the absence of NADPH. These studies support the involvement of the heme in the oxidation of L-NHA to NO and citrulline, indicating that the heme functions in both of the currently characterized oxidative steps of the NOS reaction.
A realization approach to stochastic model reduction and balanced stochastic realizations

This paper considers the model reduction problem for discrete-time stochastic systems. Two approaches are presented. The first approach is based on viewing the model reduction problem as a reduced order stochastic realization problem. In this approach the state vector for the realization is picked form the canonical decomposition of the Hankel matrix which is obtained from the cross-covariance of the future with the past. Furthermore this choice provides a special ordering for the state vector. Using this ordering and a measure for the mutual information between the past and the future an approximation scheme is developed which leads to the new reduced order realization algorithm. Next the concept of balanced stochastic realization is developed. Using this notion the second approach for model reduction is obtained. In this approach a transformation is derived by appropriately factoring the solutions of algebraic Riccati equations. Use of this transformation then leads to the balanced stochastic realization Whose subsystem gives essentially the same reduced order model as that given by the first approach. Uniqueness and symmetry results for the balanced realization are given.
Micelle-like structures of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide)-methotrexate conjugates

Abstract The objective of this research was to prepare and characterize a micelle-like structure composed of a diblock copolymer-methotrexate (MTX) conjugate. MTX was attached on poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide) (PEO-b-PHAA), obtained by aminolysis of PEO-b-poly(β-benzyl- l -aspartate) (PBLA) with ethanolamine. It was hypothesized that after attachment of MTX onto PEO-b-PHAA through an ester bond, the amphiphilic conjugate would self-assemble into a micelle-like structure that would gradually release MTX, owing to unfavorable hydrolysis in a nonpolar core. An active ester of MTX was reacted with PEO-b-PHAA, providing a substitution ratio of 20–45% (molar ratio of drug to aspartamide units). At these levels, PEO-b-PHAA-MTX conjugate may self-assemble in an aqueous medium. Transmission electron microscopy revealed small spherical particles that had a mean diameter of 14 nm. There was no evidence of secondary aggregation. An absence of 1H-NMR peaks of MTX in D2O indicated that PEO-b-PHAA-MTX conjugates self-assembled into supramolecular structure where MTX resides in a site with highly restricted mobility, likely a core of a micelle-like structure. Accordingly, the loss of MTX by hydrolysis from PEO-b-PHAA-MTX conjugates was slow at neutral pH, with less than 20% released after 10 days. The stabilization of ester bonds in a nonpolar core of a micelle-like structure is novel in the design of soluble polymer-drug conjugates. PEO-b-PHAA-MTX conjugate micelles may help improve the biodistribution of MTX and help overcome drug resistance.
Psychophysical detection thresholds in anterior horizontal translations of seated and standing blindfolded subjects

To help separate out the contributions of the somatosensory and vestibular systems to postural and sway control, short (1, 4 and 16mm) anterior translations of lengths less than the normal sway path length were made of a platform upon which blindfolded young adult test subjects (n=12) stood or sat. Acceleration detection thresholds from these short moves were compared in standing vs seated conditions using a 2-Alternative [Interval] Forced-Choice psychophysical test protocol. A negative power law trading relationship was found between peak acceleration threshold and move length and duration for standing subjects. For these same subjects while seated, acceleration thresholds for all lengths were nearly constant, and showed a weak positive power law trade between threshold and move length or duration. This latter observation is consistent with that of Benson et al '86, who also observed a positive power law trade relationship between acceleration threshold and move duration for seated subjects. Thresholds were higher at 1mm for standing vs. seated tests; while at 16 mm, standing tests had lower thresholds compared to those obtained for the seated tests. These results suggest that the vestibular system provides the principal input for detecting these short translations while seated, but not while standing.
The chemistry of a ketene‐sulfur dioxide adduct

We have demonstrated the formation of a reactive species from ketene and sulfur dioxide and have investigated some of its reactions. The 3 + 2 5 cycloaddition reactions of this intermediate with benzylideneaniline and its derivatives gave the corresponding 2,3-diphenylthiazolidin-4-one 1,1-dioxides. The reduction of 2,3-diphenylthiazolidin-4-one 1,1-dioxide with lithium aluminum hydride yielded the corresponding thiazolidine. Aniline and its derivatives reacted with the ketene-sulfur dioxide adduct to give thioaceto-1,3-dianilide 3-oxide. o-Phenylenediamine gave [2,1,5]benzothiadiazepin-4-one 2-oxide, a derivative of a new ring system, [2,1,5]benzothiadiazepine. o-Aminophenol yielded [1,2,5]benzothiazepin-4-one 2-oxide.
N2 and O2 induced halfwidths and line shifts of water vapor transitions in the (301)←(000) and (221)←(000) bands

Abstract Using a complex version of Robert–Bonamy theory (CRBF), the role of the intermolecular potential in the pressure broadening of water perturbed by nitrogen and oxygen is studied. Investigation focuses on questions surrounding the convergence of calculated line widths, i.e., (i) why certain spectral lines are more sensitive than others to short-range interactions, and (ii) whether converged calculations containing short-range interactions represent an improvement over other treatments. Comparison with a large number of experimentally determined halfwidths and line shifts in the (301)←(000) and (221)←(000) bands is provided. It is found that the atom–atom component of the intermolecular potential plays an important role in determining the halfwidth and line shift. To obtain good agreement with measurement, the atom–atom potential needs to be expanded to at least eighth order for all water vapor transitions broadened by oxygen and many broadened by nitrogen.
P169 - Importance du mécanisme de réarrangement des adhésions focales et de l’activation de la Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) et de la paxillin lors de la sécrétion de l’insuline

Introduction Le rearrangement du cytosquelette est bien connu pour etre benefique pour la secretion de l’insuline stimulee par le glucose (SISG). Nous avons observe, a la surface des cellules beta-pancreatiques, des changements induits par le glucose, similaires au rearrangement des adhesions-focales lors de la migration cellulaire. C’est pour cela que nous avons etudie le role de FAK et paxillin, dans le mecanisme de rearrangement des adhesions-focales et lors de la secretion de l’insuline en reponse au glucose dans les cellules beta-pancreatiques. Materiels et methodes Nous avons utilise des cellules beta-pancreatiques de rats triees par FACS. Nous avons incube les cellules pendant 2 h avec 2,8 mM de glucose suivi d’au maximum 1 h a 16,7 mM de glucose. La diminution de l’expression de la paxillin a ete effectuee par siRNA. Resultats En condition basale, FAK et paxillin sont legerement phosphoryles et localises au niveau de quelques longs filopodes a la surface cellulaire basale. Une stimulation de 20 min a haut glucose induit d’une part une augmentation de la phosphorylation de FAK et paxillin ainsi qu’un etalement des cellules. D’autre part nous avons observe a la surface basale, l’apparition de nouvelles extensions filopodiales d’actine, plus nombreuses et plus courtes, renfermant de la paxillin phosphorylee. L’inhibition de la phosphorylation de FAK, nous a permis d’observer une reduction de SISG et une inhibition de l’etalement cellulaire induit par le glucose. Finalement nous avons constate que la diminution de l’expression de paxillin par siRNA induit une reduction de la SISG. Conclusion L’etalement des cellules beta-pancreatiques en reponse au glucose, concorde avec le rearrangement des extensions filopodiales et la phosphorylation de FAK et paxillin. La SISG est reduite par l’inhibition de l’activation de FAK et la diminution de l’expression de la paxillin. Ces observations montrent que le mecanisme de rearrangement des adhesions-focales est un evenement determinant dans les fonctions des cellules beta-pancreatiques.
Separation of anthocyanins by cellulose column chromatography.

PAPER chromatography has greatly facilitated the separation, isolation and identification of anthocyanins and other water-soluble plant pigments1. Large-scale separations have been accomplished by means of adsorption chromatography on cellulose2,3 or magnesol4 columns. Attempts to obtain distinct bands of anthocyanins using cellulose column chromatography according to Endo's3 procedure were unsuccessful. A method used by Chorney5 to separate sugars quantitatively by means of cellulose column chromatography has proved to be eminently satisfactory for large-scale separation of a mixture of anthocyanins.
The kinematic Stirling engine as an energy conversion subsystem for paraboloidal dish solar thermal plants

The potential of a suitably designed and economically manufactured Stirling engine as the energy conversion subsystem of a paraboloidal dish-Stirling solar thermal power module was estimated. Results obtained by elementary cycle analyses were shown to match quite well the performance characteristics of an advanced kinematic Stirling engine, the United Stirling P-40, as established by current prototypes of the engine and by a more sophisticated analytic model of its advanced derivative. In addition to performance, brief consideration was given to other Stirling engine criteria such as durability, reliability, and serviceability. Production costs were not considered here.
Abstract A39: In vitro mechanisms of cadmium‐induced apoptosis in human liver carcinoma (HEPG2) cells

Cadmium is a heavy metal that has been shown to manifest its toxicity in humans and animals. Many documented in vitro studies have shown that cadmium produces various genotoxic effects such as DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Diseases like autoimmune thyroidism are thought to be caused, in large part, by overexposure to cadmium. Although there have been numerous studies examining the effects of cadmium in animal models and a few case studies involving communities where cadmium contamination has occurred, the mechanisms of the carcinogenic activity of cadmium is not clearly defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in cadmium‐induced toxicity in human liver carcinoma (HepG 2 ) cells. To achieve this goal, we performed the MTT assay to measure cell viability. Annexin V assay and DNA fragmentation analysis were performed for early and late apoptosis, respectively. The result of MTT assay indicated that cadmium induces toxicity to HepG 2 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, showing a 24 h‐LD50 of 3.6 µg/mL cadmium chloride. Similarly, a strong dose‐response relationship ( p 2 cells. This cytotoxic effect may be mediated at least in part through phosphatidylserine externalization and occurrence of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A39.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptoms of biliary colic in the absence of gallstones.

Abstract Background Acalculous cholecystitis is a controversial entity that accounts for 5% to 22% of cholecystectomies in some series. Multiple attempts have been made to find an objective clinical algorithm for diagnosis; however, we postulate that careful evaluation of clinical presentation is adequate to allow accurate diagnosis without reliance on ancillary tests, such as cholecystokinin-stimulated scintigraphy studies. Methods A retrospective chart review was made of all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Cariboo Memorial Hospital between April 1997 and September 2001. Patients with history and physical examination consistent with biliary colic/cholecystitis, with negative ultrasonography scans, were reviewed and a telephone survey was conducted to determine subjective clinical outcomes. Results Eighty-eight patients were eligible for the study. Age range was 19 to 78 years. Eighty-three percent were female and 17% were male. Seventy-eight percent of patients had chronic symptoms, 17% acute, and 5% acute on chronic. Pathology reports indicated that 92% of gallbladders revealed disease and 8% were reported as normal. Two percent of patients had major complications postoperatively and 9% had minor complications. No deaths had occurred. Seventy-eight percent of procedures were performed as day surgeries, with an average hospital stay of 1.3 days. Mean follow-up was 25 months, with a range of 3 to 55 months. Ninety-one percent of patients were available for telephone survey follow-up. Forty-one percent of patients reported being “very satisfied” with the outcome of their surgery, 52% were “satisfied,” and 4% were “not satisfied.” Conclusions Acalculous cholecystitis is an entity that can be satisfactorily diagnosed by detailed history and physical examination with high patient satisfaction achieved after surgical management.
Characterization of salinity-enhanced toxicity of aldicarb to Japanese medaka: Sexual and developmental differences

The effects of salinity, gender, and development on the acute toxicity of aldicarb were examined in the euryhaline fish, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) at 1.5 parts per thousand (per thousand) salinity were not significantly different between adults and juveniles but larvae were significantly more sensitive to aldicarb. A two-week exposure to increased salinity significantly enhanced the toxicity of 0.5 ppm aldicarb to both sexually mature male and female medaka. After 48 h of aldicarb exposure, mortality significantly increased (p < 0.05) in males from 13+/-5.7% at 1.5 per thousand, salinity to 56+/-5.7% at 20 per thousand; in females mortality significantly increased (p < 0.01) from 17+/-5.7% to 76+/-5.6%. A time-course study was conducted in which muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was monitored after exposure to aldicarb. In general, AChE in females was inhibited to a greater degree at 12.0 and 20.0 per thousand salinity regimens than AChE in males. Muscle AChE in females residing at 20.0 per thousand was inhibited 93+/-3.3% by 8 h of exposure to 0.95 ppm aldicarb, whereas in males the maximum inhibition was 80+/-7.4% after 8 h of exposure to 0.86 ppm aldicarb at 20 per thousand salinity. These results indicate that environmental factors, such as salinity, in addition to gender and development, have significant impacts on the acute toxicity of aldicarb to Japanese medaka.
Social network knowledge construction: emerging virtual world pedagogy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the dynamics of an emerging form of teaching and learning – social network knowledge construction – associated with the use of social networks, particularly 3D virtual world environments such as Second Life. As social network technologies not only frame the way individuals interact and learn, but actually impact on a learner's thinking process and development of future consciousness, new pedagogies are needed to effectively integrate these communication mechanisms into the learning environment.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the purpose and potential use of these networks in the teaching and learning process. Distinguishing features of social network knowledge construction as an emerging pedagogy are identified.Findings – Strategies for incorporating a variety of identified social networks, both in and out of virtual worlds, for teaching and learning are noted.Research limitations/implications – The focus of this emerging ped...
Temporal development of fabric in uniaxially stressed polycrystalline media—A theory

We present a kinetic theory for the development of lattice-preferred orientation in a uniaxiallystressed aggregate consisting of elastically uniaxial crystals. The fabric is brought about by grain-boundary migration alone; other fabric-producing mechanisms, such as plastic deformation, syntectonic recrystallization, and dissolution/reprecipitation, are specifically excluded from the theory. The formulation statistically averages the mass transfer between a typical crystal and its adjacent neighbors over all the possible crystallographic orientations of these neighbors and over all the possible orientations of the interfaces between the neighbors and the crystal of interest. The rate of mass exchange between two adjacent crystals is proportional (1) to the difference between chemical potentials and (2) to the surface area common to them. With these assumptions we find an equation for the massfraction density of crystals that have a given orientation (with respect to the stress) at any given time. The theory predicts that beyond a certain time a gap develops in the distribution of crystal orientations allowed: the only crystals that continue to exist are those for which the c-axis is within a certain, timedependent range about the stress.
Behavioral assessment and treatment of panic disorder: Current status, future directions

This article reviews the current status of behavioral approaches to the assessment and treatment of Panic Disorder (PD). One goal in writing this article is to facilitate exchange between the science and the practice of behavior therapy for PD. Although current behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatment interventions for PD show favorable results, this disorder remains fairly common. Prior to reviewing the data from controlled trials of these types of intervention approaches, the presentation and diagnosis of PD is discussed. Additionally, an overview of conceptual accounts of PD is included, as these provide the rationale for current approaches to assessment and treatment. Specific recommendations regarding assessment, treatment planning, progress monitoring, and outcome evaluation are included throughout. As noted, behavioral approaches to PD represent a vital, active area of the field, where many innovations and answers have been forthcoming. This review highlights these recent developments and suggests future directions which would further enhance our knowledge about PD.
A diagrammatic derivation of (convective) pattern equations

In complicated bifurcation problems where more than one instability can arise at onset, reasonably sound derivations of the equations that govern the amplitudes of the nearly marginal modes have been developed when the spectrum of the modes is discrete. The basis of these derivations lies in the center manifold theorem of dynamical systems theory. But when the spectrum of the modes is continuous and we no longer have that theorem to fall back on, there is nevertheless an equation (the Swift–Hohenberg equation) that well describes the patterns seen in Rayleigh–Benard convection. Indeed, several ‘derivations’ of the S–H equation have been offered and here we describe how to obtain the S–H equation using Bogoliubov’s method. We suggest that this procedure clarifies and simplifies (though it does not make rigorous) the derivation of the S–H equation. Looking ahead to the derivation of pattern equations for more complicated problems with continuous spectra, we also describe a diagrammatic procedure that, once mastered, is useful in performing the complicated perturbative developments that are needed in such derivations. Here we illustrate the proposed combination of the ideas of Bogoliubov and Feynman for the standard form of the Rayleigh–Benard convection problem. The resulting pattern equation is nonlocal but it reduces without approximation to the 1-D Swift–Hohenberg equation in the case of 2-D convection. Like the S–H equation, the nonlocal version admits a Lyapunov functional and we briefly indicate its utility in pattern selection both for the Swift–Hohenberg equation and its nonlocal extension. We conclude by describing the kinds of problems for which we intend the combined method but reserve the exhibition of the required calculations for a future festschrift.
The relationship between non-resident fathers' social networks and social capital and the establishment of child support orders

Abstract Literature and research examining child support compliance and non-resident fathers has primarily come from the perspective of collecting child support payments from non-resident fathers, most notably, those who are divorced, employed, and earning an income. Receiving limited attention in the literature has been the exclusive discussion of establishment of child support orders, which is related to child support compliance. Furthermore, literature and research examining child support compliance has given limited attention to never married, cohabitating, unemployed, underemployed, and low-income non-resident fathers. Building upon these limitations, this study focuses on the intra- and inter-dependent networks non-resident fathers utilize in fulfilling their child support obligation of establishing child support orders. Using cross-sectional data on a sample of non-resident fathers from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study from 1998–2002, this study addresses whether non-resident fathers' relationship with their children and former spouses or partners and involvement with extended family and friends and formal institutions are associated with the establishment of child support orders. Results of the logistic regression models indicate that non-resident fathers' involvement with formal institutions contributes to an increase in the establishment of child support orders. Based on these findings, it is recommended the child support enforcement system includes and integrates formal support services into the program to help non-resident fathers fulfill their child support obligations.
Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome secondary to isolated colorectal metastasis to ovary: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome is a syndrome that includes hydrothorax and/or ascites secondary to ovarian neoplasms other than benign primary tumors. Gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal or gastric adenocarcinoma, are rare etiologies for this syndrome. Case Report: In this report, we present the case of a 49-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer who acutely developed a massive pleural effusion and ascites coincident with a rapidly enlarging adnexal mass and a rising CA-125 level. Discussion: Seven cases of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome secondary to gastrointestinal primaries have been reported to date. This case highlights the difficulty in discerning the diagnosis of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome from that of disseminated colorectal cancer or a new primary ovarian neoplasm and the importance in making the distinction to initiate appropriate therapy.
Recent woody invasion of wetlands on the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska: a major regime shift after 18 000 years of wet Sphagnum–sedge peat recruitment

We document accelerating invasion of woody vegetation into wetlands on the western Kenai Peninsula lowlands. Historical aerial photography for 11 wetland sites showed that herbaceous area shrank 6....
Fistula-Associated Anal Adenocarcinoma: Good Results with Aggressive Therapy

To evaluate the clinical features, pathology, treatment, and outcome of patients with fistula-associated anal adenocarcinoma. We identified 14 patients with histologically proven fistula-associated anal adenocarcinoma. We reviewed their medical records and pathology specimens to characterize their presentation, treatment, and clinical outcome. Nine patients presented with a persistent fistula, 3 with a perianal mass, 1 with pain and drainage, and 1 with a recurrent perianal abscess. The average age at time of diagnosis was 59 (range, 37–76) years. Eleven patients had preexisting chronic anal fistulas. Ten had Crohn’s disease, and 1 had previously received pelvic radiation therapy. The diagnosis of cancer was suspected during physical examination in 6 of the 14 patients (43 percent). Twelve patients had extensive local disease at presentation. Primary abdominoperineal resection was performed in 11 patients, 7 following neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Six patients received postoperative chemotherapy, and 2 received postoperative radiation. Four patients died with metastatic disease. The remaining 10 patients are alive without evidence of disease at a mean follow-up of 64.3 (range, 14–149) months. The diagnosis of fistula-associated anal adenocarcinoma is often unsuspected. Most patients can be cured with aggressive surgical and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.