cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction

Frank lead vectorcardiograms (VCG) from four carefully selected patient subgroups (226 patients) were analyzed to develop optimal criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction. Specificity was evaluated using 100 healthy volunteers under age 30 and 80 patients with normal left ventriculogram and normal coronary arteriograms. Sensitivity was determined using 25 patients with evolutionary ST-T wave changes (V1-2), and LDH and CPK isoenzyme evidence of acute myocardial infarction; and 21 patients with anterior wall akinesia or dyskinesia and greater than 70% occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Patients with VCG evidence of bundle branch block, left or right ventricular hypertrophy were excluded. The criterion for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction which was found to give the highest sensitivity with greater than or equal to 95% specificity was: initial anterior QRS forces must not exceed 0.1 mV in maximal anterior amplitude and also must not exceed 24 msec in duration. The performance of this proposed criterion was then tested using four similarly defined patient subgroups consisting of a total of 222 patients. The incidence of false positive diagnosis in these test subgroups was less than 1% with a sensitivity of greater than 95%. The overall performance of the proposed criterion was found to be significantly superior to both the widely accepted VCG and ECG criteria for anterior myocardial infarction. Thus, this quantitative criterion using both time and duration of initial anterior forces is both a highly specific and a sensitive indicator of anterior myocardial infarction.
Bassetite and Uranospathite1

Bassetite and uranospathite Were described as new uranium minerals from Cornwall in 1915 by A. F. Hallimond, to whose paper reference should be made to supplement the descriptions given here. The position of both minerals as relatives of autunite was recognized by Hallimond. Unfortunately, chemical analyses could not be obtained and the composition of these minerals has remained uncertain. No further information has been published about uranospathite. In 1940 Meixner reported that microchemical tests of an apparently authentic specimen of bassetite from Cornwall indicated that the mineral was a hydrated iron uranyl phosphate.
Ultrasonic speeds and isentropic compressibilities for (decan-1-ol + n-alkane) at 298.15 K

Measurements of ultrasonic speed were carried out for hexan-1-ol+n-pentane, +n-hexane, +n-octane, and +n-decane at 298.15 K. The measurements were made over the entire mole-fraction range with special attention paid to the region highly dilute with respect to hexan-1-ol. The results were combined with excess volumes VmE from our previous studies to yield excess isentropic compressibilities KSE and the partial molar excess quantities KS.iE = −(∂ViE∂p)s. A qualitative discussion of the results is presented.
Micromirror arrays fabricated by flip-chip assembly

This paper presents the design, fabrication, modeling, and testing of several Flexure-Beam Micromirror Device (FBMD) arrays fabricated using flip-chip assembly. These arrays were prefabricated using a silicon surface-micromachining technology and then transferred to a ceramic receiving substrate using a thin layer of indium placed between the bond pads of the two chips. Device characterization was completed using an interferometric microscope in which micromirror deflection was determined as a function of address potential. The arrays demonstrate reasonable micromirror performance with optically flat surfaces measuring only 5 - 6 nm of variance across as much as a 150 micrometer mirror surface.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mahonian Z statistics

The Z statistic of Zeilberger and Bressoud is computed by summing the major index of the 2-letter subwords. We generalize this idea to other splittable Mahonian statistics. We call splittable Mahonian statistics which produce other splittable Mahonian statistics in this fashion Z-Mahonian. We characterize Z-Mahonian statistics and include several examples.
El humanismo bizantino en el Perú virreinal: Continuidades y rupturas discursivas en la Peregrinación de Bartolomé Lorenzo (1586) de José de Acosta

Abstract In this essay, I explore the influence of Byzantine literature in the New World from a transatlantic perspective. Specifically, I examine the Scala paradisi of Juan Climaco (570–649) as it is found in the Peregrinacion de Bartolome Lorenzo (1586) by the Jesuit Jose de Acosta (1539–1600), a text from the colonial period. Surprisingly, this text has received almost no critical attention. I focus on the study of the text (and the context in which it was produced and received), basing my analysis on a comparison of Acosta's text with other similar works. By using a comparative method, I explore the ideological and aesthetic tensions that underlie Acosta's work. Moreover, this analysis makes manifest the cultural and literary continuities (or traditions) and ruptures which, coming as much from the East as from the West of Europe, arrived in the Vice-regency of Peru in the second half of the sixteenth century.
Distribution and Fate of Escherichia coli in Lake Michigan Following Contamination with Urban Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflows

Abstract Escherichia coli distribution and persistence in nearshore Lake Michigan were assessed following heavy rains and sanitary sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) events over a 5-year period, including an 18-day period following 25.4 cm of rainfall in which intensive studies were conducted following multiple CSO and SSO events. E. coli levels in the Milwaukee estuary and harbor following SSO and CSO events ranged from 10 4 to nearly 10 5 CFU/100 mL, which were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than levels following rainfall alone. Sites outside of the breakwall but within the contamination plume (e.g., within 2 km of the harbor) were an order of magnitude lower. Locations 2–5 km from the harbor ranged from below detection limits, of E. coli levels corrected for dilution based on specific conductivity measurements were lower than what would be expected for loss due to dilution alone, suggesting a combination of die-off and dilution, were responsible for the rapid disappearance of these organisms outside of the harbor. E. coli and fecal coliforms measured concurrently demonstrated that fecal coliforms could be recovered longer than E. coli in the open waters of the lake. E. coli isolated directly from sewage treatment plant influent were found to have a marked increase in antibiotic resistance traits for ten antibiotics commonly used in the human population compared with isolates from two animal sources of fecal pollution. However, E. coli obtained from sewage impacted water (n = 2,513) and from stormwater impacted water (n = 1,465) collected the previous year when there were no sewage overflows, were found to have no significant difference (p E. coli survival characteristics and population dynamics are most likely influenced by multiple factors in complex systems such as the watershed/estuarine/lake environments of the Great Lakes.
Components of metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer by prognostic features in the study of osteoporotic fractures cohort

Purpose Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and most of its components have been previously associated with increased breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that increasing number of MetS components would be positively associated with breast cancer risk.
Sensitivity analysis of random two-body interactions

The input to the configuration-interaction shell model includes many dozens or hundreds of independent two-body matrix elements. Previous studies have shown that when fitting to experimental low-lying spectra, the greatest sensitivity is to only a few linear combinations of matrix elements. Here we consider interactions drawn from the two-body random ensemble and find that the low-lying spectra are also most sensitive to only a few linear combinations of two-body matrix elements, in a fashion nearly indistinguishable from an interaction empirically fit to data. We find in particular the spectra for both random and empirical interactions are sensitive to similar matrix elements, which we analyze using monopole and contact interactions.
Encoding Y,I,Q component estimates of an NTSC composite signal

Several new techniques for reducing the entropy of a Y,I,Q component digital transmission are presented. A discussion of each technique is presented along with objective and subjective analysis. For a set of four test pictures, the average Y,I,Q entropy/pixel was reduced by nearly 80 percent. An initial component system entropy of 11.08 bits/pixel was reduced to 2.33 bits/pixel. Although exact numeric results are dependent on the separation technique used, the methods presented may be applied to systems using other component separation methods.
Mouse round spermatids developed in vitro from preexisting spermatocytes can produce normal offspring by nuclear injection into in vivo-developed mature oocytes

It has been shown that mature oocytes injected with nuclei from round spermatids collected from mouse testis can generate normal offspring and that round spermatids can develop in vitro. An undetermined issue is whether spermatids developed in vitro are capable of generating fertile offspring by nuclear injection into oocytes. Herein, we report the production of normal and fertile offspring by nuclear injection using haploid spermatid donors derived from mouse primary spermatocyte precursors cocultured with Sertoli cells. Cocultured spermatogonia and spermatocytes were characterized by their nuclear immunoreactive patterns determined by an antibody to phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX), a marker for DNA double-strand breaks. Cocultured round spermatid progenies display more than one motile flagellum, whose axonemes were recognized by antitubulin immunostaining. Flagellar wavelike movement and flagellar-driven propulsion of round spermatids developed in vitro were documented by videomicroscopy (http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/ approximately kier). We also show that breeding of male and female mouse offspring generated by spermatid nuclear injection produced fertile offspring. In addition to their capacity to produce fertile offspring, cocultured, flagellated round spermatids can facilitate the analysis of the mechanisms of centriolar polarity, duplication, assembly, and flagellar growth, including the intraflagellar transport of cargo proteins.
Some thoughts on problems associated with various sampling media used for environmental monitoring

Modern analytical instrumentation is capable of measuring a variety of trace elements at concentrations down into the single or double digit parts-per-trillion (ng l–1) range. This holds for the three most common sample media currently used in environmental monitoring programs: filtered water, whole-water and separated suspended sediment. Unfortunately, current analytical capabilities have exceeded the current capacity to collect both uncontaminated and representative environmental samples. The success of any trace element monitoring program requires that this issue be both understood and addressed.The environmental monitoring of trace elements requires the collection of calendar- and event-based dissolved and suspended sediment samples. There are unique problems associated with the collection and chemical analyses of both types of sample media. Over the past 10 years, reported ambient dissolved trace element concentrations have declined. Generally, these decreases do not reflect better water quality, but rather improvements in the procedures used to collect, process, preserve and analyze these samples without contaminating them during these steps. Further, recent studies have shown that the currently accepted operational definition of dissolved constituents (material passing a 0.45 µm membrane filter) is inadequate owing to sampling and processing artifacts. The existence of these artifacts raises questions about the generation of accurate, precise and comparable ‘dissolved’ trace element data.Suspended sediment and associated trace elements can display marked short- and long-term spatial and temporal variability. This implies that spatially representative samples only can be obtained by generating composites using depth- and width-integrated sampling techniques. Additionally, temporal variations have led to the view that the determination of annual trace element fluxes may require nearly constant (e.g., high-frequency) sampling and subsequent chemical analyses. Ultimately, sampling frequency for flux estimates becomes dependent on the time period of concern (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly) and the amount of acceptable error associated with these estimates.
Vector Spaces and Field Extensions

Up to now, we have kept our attention focused on the field ℚ and its p-adic completions. We have already felt, however, the need to consider other fields (for example, when we dealt with the zeros of a function defined by a power series). In fact, just as we have emphasized the natural analogy between the p-adic fields ℚ p and the field ℝ of real numbers, it is a very natural thing to do to look for an extension of ℚ p that is analogous to the complex numbers. In other words, we would like to look for ways to extend ℚ p in order to obtain a field that is not only complete (so that we can do analysis), but also algebraically closed (so that all polynomials have roots). This turns out to be more subtle (and therefore more interesting) than one might expect. It turns out, first of all, that to get an algebraically closed field one must make a very large extension of ℚ p . This extension turns out not to be complete any more, so there is no other recourse but to go through the completion process again, and this finally yields the field we wanted. This is very different from the classical case, where going from ℚ to an algebraically closed field is just a small step (just add i), and the resulting field (the complex numbers) is already complete. The goal of this chapter is to tell the p-adic version of this story in its entirety.
Salmonella in the Laying Hen 1. Salmonella Recovery from Viscera, Feces and Eggs Following Oral Inoculation

Abstract A study was made to determine the fate of Samonella organisms after ingestion by the laying hen. Three species of Salmonella were used, i.e., senftenberg, thompson and typhimurium. Approximately one million cells of each species were introduced into the crop of 12 White Leghorn type laying hens for 10 days. The trials involving each species were carried out consecutively with thorough disinfection of equipment between trials. From each hen, feces and eggs were analyzed daily for Salmonella for the 10 day period. At the end of the 10 day trial a sample of blood was drawn from each hen for Salmonella analysis. In addition, the hens were slaughtered and a sample of the ovaries, kidneys, heart, liver and lungs was aseptically removed for analysis. Results showed that approximately 25% of the fecal samples were found to contain the species of Salmonella under study. The percentage of positive recoveries from egg shells was less than 10% for all three species studied. Among the egg contents examined for all three species, only one egg yielded a positive recovery. All tissue samples were found to be negative. It was concluded that there was no contamination of body tissues even after continuous ingestion of large doses of Salmonella organisms. Neither was there a problem of egg meat contamination among intact eggs.
New texture shape feature coding-based computer aided diagnostic methods for classification of masses on mammograms

This work presents new texture shape feature coding (TSFC)-based computer aided diagnostic (CAD) classification methods for classification of masses on mammograms. It introduces a new concept of 1.5-order 3-neighbor 3/spl times/3 connectivity to extract texture shape features that can describe multiples of 22.5/spl deg/. In order to effectively utilize these shape features, two new methods of implementing TFSC are further proposed to convert these features to texture feature numbers (TFNs), TFNs in quaternary (TFNq) which expresses a TFN in quaternary expansion and TFNs in product (TFNx ) that represents a TFN in terms of a product. Both TFNq and TFNx can then produce texture shape histograms in the same way that a gray-level histogram is generated for an image. Such a texture shape histogram is further used to generate various shape features of masses on mammograms for classification. In order to demonstrate the promise of our TSFC-based CAD methods, the MiniMammographic database provided by the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) is used for experiments.
Requiring students to have computers: questions for consideration

For the past several years a dialogue has been taking place in the offices, lounges, and meeting rooms of medical schools about whether medical students should be required to bring or purchase computers when they enter school. Microcomputers offer educators a unique opportunity to provide students with access to computer-assisted instruction, asynchronous communication, and extensive knowledge bases. However, there is still no evidence attesting to the effectiveness of computers as teaching or learning tools in medical education. The author raises questions that schools need to consider before requiring students to own computers: What kind of computer best suits their needs? What might impede using computers to teach? And who is currently requiring computers? In addressing the last question, the author presents information about 15 North American schools that currently require their students to have computers, reporting each school's software and hardware requirements; how each expects students to use the computers; and who covers the cost of the computers (the students or the school). Finally, he argues that major institutional commitment is needed for computers to be successfully integrated into any medical school curriculum.
Determination of hexazinone and its metabolites in groundwater by capillary electrophoresis.

A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method was developed to separate and quantify hexazinone and metabolites C, A1, E, B and D in groundwater. Hexazinone and its metabolites were extracted from water using Supelclean ENVI-Carb solid-phase extraction tubes. Quantitation was performed using UV photodiode detection at 220, 225, 230 and 247 nm. Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility studies run at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 ppb indicated the procedure was reproducible. Groundwater samples collected from US Geological Survey monitoring wells were analyzed for hexazinone and its metabolites by CE. A comparison was made between CE and an established HPLC method of the hexazinone and metabolite B. The linear regression for hexazinone was y=1.007x+0.219 with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 while the linear regression for metabolite B was y=1.100x−0.057 with a correlation coefficient of 0.91.
Overview of agreement statistics for medical devices

This paper is an overview that summarizes recently developed tools in assessing agreement for methods comparison and instrument/assay validation in medical devices. This paper emphasizes concept, sample sizes, and examples more than analytical formulas. We have considered a unified approach of evaluating agreement among multiple instruments (k), each with multiple replicates (m) for both continuous and categorical data. We start with the basic scenario of two instruments (k = 2), each with only one measurement (m = 1). In this basic scenario for continuous data, we also consider if the target values are considered random (values of a gold standard instrument) or fixed (known values). In the more general case, we will not consider when the target values are fixed. We discuss the simplified sample size calculations. When there is a disagreement between methods, one needs to know if the source of the disagreement was due to a systematic shift (bias) or random error. The coefficients of accuracy and precision will be discussed to characterize these sources. This is important because a systematic shift usually can be easily fixed through calibration, while a random error usually is a more cumbersome variation reduction exercise. For categorical variables, we consider scaled agreement statistics. For continuous variables, we use scaled or unscaled agreement statistics. For variables with proportional error, we can simply apply a log transformation to the data. Finally, three examples are given: one for assay validation, one for a lab proficiency assessment, and one for a lab comparison on categorical assay.
Impact of Laurel Wilt, Caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on Leaf Gas Exchange and Xylem Sap Flow in Avocado, Persea americana.

Ploetz, R. C., Schaffer, B., Vargas, A. I., Konkol, J. L., Salvatierra, J., and Wideman, R. 2015. Impact of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola ,o n leaf gas exchange and xylem sap flow in avocado, Persea americana. Phytopathology 105:433-440. Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, is a destructive disease of avocado (Persea americana). The susceptibility of different cultivars and races was examined previously but more information is needed on how this host responds to the disease. In the present study, net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance of H2 O( gs), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and xylem sap flow rates were assessed in cultivars that differed in susceptibility. After artificial inoculation with R. lauricola, there was a close relationship between symptom development and reductions in A, gs, E, WUE, and mean daily sap flow in the most susceptible cultivar, ‘Russell’, and significantly greater disease and lower A, gs, E ,W UE, and sap flow rates were usually detected after 15 days compared with the more tolerant ‘Brogdon’ and ‘Marcus Pumpkin’. Significant differences in preinoculation A, gs, E, and WUE were generally not detected among the cultivars but preinoculation sap flow rates were greater in Russell than in Brogdon and Marcus Pumpkin. Preinoculation sap flow rates and symptom severity for individual trees were correlated at the end of an experiment (r = 0.46), indicating that a plant’s susceptibility to laurel wilt was related to its ability to conduct water. The potential management of this disease with clonal rootstocks that reduce sap flow rates is discussed.
A vision chip for color segmentation and pattern matching

A 128(H) × 64(V) × RGB CMOS imager is integrated with region-of-interest selection, RGB-to-HSI transformation, HSI-based pixel segmentation, (36bins × 12bits)-HSI histogramming, and sum-of-absolute-difference (SAD) template matching. Thirty-two learned color templates are stored and compared to each image. The chip captures the R, G, and B images using in-pixel storage before passing the pixel content to a multiplying digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for white balancing. The DAC can also be used to pipe in images for a PC. The color processing uses a biologically inspired color opponent representation and an analog lookup table to determine the Hue (H) of each pixel. Saturation (S) is computed using a loser-take-all circuit. Intensity (I) is given by the sum of the color components. A histogram of the segments of the image, constructed by counting the number of pixels falling into 36 Hue intervals of 10 degrees, is stored on a chip and compared against the histograms of new segments using SAD comparisons. We demonstrate color-based image segmentation and object recognition with this chip. Running at 30 fps, it uses 1mW. To our knowledge, this is the first chip that integrates imaging, color segmentation, and color-based object recognition at the focal plane.
Aerodynamic Analysis of a Generic Fighter with a Chine Fuselage/Delta Wing Configuration Using Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation

The Modular Transonic Vortex Investigation (MTVI) program at NASA Langley Research Center investigated the transonic characteristics of generic fighter configurations with chined fuselages and delta wings. Previous experiments show that the fuselage and leading edge vortex interactions are detrimental to the vehicle’s aerodynamic characteristics for angles of attack greater than 23o at low angles of sideslip. This is largely due to abrupt asymmetric vortex breakdown, which leads to pronounced pitch-up and significant nonlinearities in lateral stability that could result in roll departure. An improved understanding of the exact origins of this nonlinear behavior would improve future fighter design, and predictive capabilities of such nonlinearities could drastically reduce the cost associated with flight testing new or modified aircraft. The nonlinearities experienced by the MTVI configuration at 30 degrees angle of attack, Reynolds number of 2.68x10 6 , and Mach number of 0.4 are computed using Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation. Computational predictions of rolling moment compare very well with previous wind tunnel experiments at the same conditions, including the abrupt, nonlinear increase in rolling moment as a function of sideslip angle at small sideslip angles. A detailed investigation of the CFD data confirms that this nonlinearity is due to a rapid change in the flow field structures from symmetric to asymmetric vortex breakdown.
Pharmacologic and Behavioral Withdrawal From Addictive Drugs

Recent theories suggest that drug withdrawal does not motivate drug use and relapse. However, data now show that withdrawal produces complex changes over time in at least two symptoms (i.e., negative affect and urges) that are highly predictive of relapse. Evidence suggests that falling levels of the drug in the blood and interruption of the drug self-administration ritual both affect these symptoms. Both of these forms of withdrawal motivate renewed drug use in addicted individuals.
Human Papillomaviruses Modulate MicroRNA 145 Expression To Directly Control Genome Amplification

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) modulate expression of host microRNAs. Our deep-sequencing analysis of organotypic raft cultures identified microRNA 145 (miR-145) as a differentiation-dependent microRNA that has functionally active target sequences in the HPV-31 E1 and E2 open reading frames. Overexpression of miR-145 in HPV-positive cells resulted in reduced genome amplification and late gene expression, along with decreased levels of cellular transcription factor KLF-4. Our studies show that HPV modulates miR-145 expression to control its own life cycle.
International Comparisons in COPD Mortality

In 31 developed countries, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and allied conditions comprise a major cause of death, but they cause less than 10% of all deaths, even in older persons. COPD mortality is highest in the Eastern European countries and Ireland, Scotland, and England/Wales, and is lowest in southern Europe, Japan, and Israel. That these differences are large and real is a likelihood but not a certainty, due to problems in comparability of cause-of-death statistics. In the past, the trend in COPD mortality has been upwards. Over the short time period of 1980 to 1985, there have been substantial declines in death rates in most countries for the major causes of death, but not for COPD or lung cancer. It is not clear, however, whether COPD mortality is continuing to increase everywhere. In only nine countries is the trend upwards and only in women above age 55 and in men above age 75. In the other 22 countries, trends are not clearly upwards or downwards. Longer time trend statistics are ...
Reliable criteria for the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly.

Abstract A series of 10 consecutive cases of alobar holoprosencephaly is described. the disorder was diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound according to two criteria: (1) a large central fluid collection in the fetal head, with no visible midline structures but with the presence of a mantle around the fluid collection and fusion of the thalami and corpus stritum, and (2) sonographic abnormalities of the face, including hypotelorism, central clefts, facial asymmetry, and abnormal orbits.
Covariance structure of the Gibbs sampler with applications to the comparisons of estimators and augmentation schemes

SUMMARY We study the covariance structure of a Markov chain generated by the Gibbs sampler, with emphasis on data augmentation. When applied to a Bayesian missing data problem, the Gibbs sampler produces two natural approximations for the posterior distribution of the parameter vector: the empirical distribution based on the sampled values of the parameter vector, and a mixture of complete data posteriors. We prove that Rao-Blackwellization causes a one-lag delay for the autocovariances among dependent samples obtained from data augmentation, and consequently, the mixture approximation produces estimates with smaller variances than the empirical approximation. The covariance structure results are used to compare different augmentation schemes. It is shown that collapsing and grouping random components in a Gibbs sampler with two or three components usually result in more efficient sampling schemes.
Industry and university partnership through consortia

This paper describes the Software Engineering Forum for Training (SEFT), a membership training consortium between education and industry at University College and Extension Services, California State University, Long Beach. The paper details the consortium's mission, structure, training and curriculum activities; the active roles undertaken by the member companies within the consortium; the benefits derived from consortium participation and training received by the member companies; and lessons learned from the partnership.
Follicular hodgkin lymphoma: a histopathologic study.

Follicular Hodgkin lymphoma (FHL) is a form of classic Hodgkin lymphoma with morphologic similarity to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). We present the clinicopathologic features of 13 FHL cases and compare their morphologic features with 40 cases of NLPHL. Seven males and 6 females had FHL in the lymph nodes of the neck (6 patients), axilla (3 patients), groin (2 patients), and mediastinum (1 patient) and in the nasopharynx (1 patient). All FHLs had follicles with small, eccentric germinal centers (GCs) and expanded mantle zones containing classic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells; reactive GCs also were seen in 6 of 13 cases. The RS cells were CD30+, fascin+ in 13 cases; CD15+ in 11 cases; CD20+ in 4 cases; CD79alpha+CD20– in 1 case; and negative for epithelial membrane antigen in 12 cases; they were surrounded by CD3epsilon+ and CD57+ rosettes in 13 and 2 cases, respectively. Morphologically, FHL may closely simulate NLPHL, and, thus, immunohistochemical analysis is essential to confirm the diagnosis. Clues helpful in diagnosing FHL include the presence of follicles with GCs, classic RS cells, and a relative absence of histiocytes.
Adoption of SO2 emission control technologies - An application of survival analysis

Using data on coal-fired electric power plants, this article investigates the contributing factors affecting the investment decisions on flue-gas desulfurization (FGD), a capital-intensive emission control technology. The paper makes two contributions to the literature. First, the public regulatory status of electric power plants is found to have a strong influence on whether FGD investment is made. Compared to deregulated power plants, those that are still under rate-of-return regulations by Public Utility Commissions are more likely to install FGD. Second, a higher rate of inspections of polluting facilities (not just electric utility power plants) in a state in the previous year is associated with a higher probability of power plants adopting FGD this year. In addition, sulfur content of coal and plant size are both positively associated with the likelihood of FGD installation. The service length of boilers is negatively associated with the likelihood.
An antiabsorptive basis for precipitated withdrawal diarrhea in morphine-dependent rats.

Diarrhea is a common manifestation of withdrawal from opiates in dependent subjects. This study examined the possibility that this diarrhea results in part from alterations in intestinal fluid transport. Isolated loops of jejunum, ileum and colon were created in morphine-dependent and nondependent rats implanted s.c. with morphine or lactose pellets, respectively. The administration of naltrexone (1 mg/kg s.c.) or its quaternary analog methylnaltrexone (0.01-3 mg/kg i.v.), which does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, produced a dose-related reduction in fluid absorption from the jejunum and colon of dependent animals only. Similar effects were observed after the i.c.v. injection of quaternary naltrexone (1.0-10 microgram/rat). Both narcotic antagonists, given by any route, produced no change in ileal absorption. Pretreatment with hexamethonium (10 mg/kg i.v.) or atropine (4 mg/kg i.v.) attenuated the antiabsorptive effects of quaternary naltrexone on the jejunum. Serosal addition of naltrexone (10 microM) had no effect on Na or Cl fluxes, short-circuit current or tissue conductance across isolated segments of intestinal mucosa from dependent and nondependent rats. These results indicate that precipitated opiate withdrawal is associated with decreases in jejunal and colonic fluid absorption mediated at sites within both the central nervous system and periphery. Moreover, these effects are not a consequence of a direct opiate action on enterocytes.
The Effects of Ivermectin Given Postpartum on the Incidence and Severity of Foal Heat Diarrhea

Foal heat diarrhea (FHD )i s am ajor factor in the management of foals between 2 and 3 wk of age. The objective of this on-farm study was to determine the efficacy of postpartum anthelmintic treatment of mares for reducing the incidence and/or the severity of FHD in foals caused by parasitic infestation. Twentyfour Quarter Horse mares and their foals were alternately assigned to a treated or non-treated group according to expected foaling date. Treatment consisted of oral
Multielectron C-O bond activation mediated by a family of reduced uranium complexes.

A family of cyclopentadienyl uranium complexes supported by the redox-active pyridine(diimine) ligand, MesPDIMe (MesPDIMe = 2,6-((Mes)N═CMe)2-C5H3N, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), has been synthesized. Using either Cp* or CpP (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienide, CpP = 1-(7,7-dimethylbenzyl)cyclopentadienide), uranium complexes of the type CpXUI2(MesPDIMe) (1-CpX; X = * or P), CpXUI(MesPDIMe) (2-CpX), and CpXU(MesPDIMe)(THF)n (3-CpX; *, n = 1; P, n = 0) were isolated and characterized. The series was generated via ligand centered reduction events; thus the extent of MesPDIMe reduction varies in each case, but the uranium(IV) oxidation state is maintained. Treating 2-CpX, which has a doubly reduced MesPDIMe, with furfural results in radical coupling between the substrate and MesPDIMe, leading to C–C bond formation to form CpXUI(MesPDIMe-CHOC4H3O) (4-CpX). Exposure of 3-Cp* and 3-CpP, which contain a triply reduced MesPDIMe ligand, to benzaldehyde and benzophenone, respectively, results in the corre...
Disparities in Visualizing Social Norms

E VER since Floyd Ailport opened the study of social norms and conformity behavior with his "J-Curve Hypothesis"' in 1934, sociologists and social psychologists have sought to isolate the significant factors causing various types of distributions of conformity behavior. But before thorough understanding is gained, stillexisting theoretical and methodological deficiencies must be eliminated. This paper will attempt to contribute to this end by examining a highly important, yet heretofore insufficiently recognized factor-the knowledge factor. Our method of attack will be through the study of disparities among group members in visualizing2 some corporate group norms. In other words, we are here concerned with the differences in knowledge and belief as to what behavior is expected from others. This study deals with some rules governing the conduct of sales personnel in two department stores in the Champaign-Urbana, Illinois community. Since the theoretical emphasis involved in this study differs from previous studies, the method and focus will be new. For example, by contrast to most previous studies the situation here studied deals with men and women in an organizational context in their daily work experiences with rules and regulations, the continual violation of which would constitute grounds for disciplinary action or even loss of job. For fullest understanding we shall: (1) point out certain limitations of significant recent studies -with the aim of adding to, not just assailing present theory and knowledge, (2) present empirically verified conclusions on disparities in visualizing social norms, and (3) derive from the results certain implications for a more comprehensive approach to social norms and conformity behavior.
The effect of tip speed ratio on a vertical axis wind turbine at high Reynolds numbers

This work visualizes the flow surrounding a scaled model vertical axis wind turbine at realistic operating conditions. The model closely matches geometric and dynamic properties—tip speed ratio and Reynolds number—of a full-size turbine. The flow is visualized using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) in the midplane upstream, around, and after (up to 4 turbine diameters downstream) the turbine, as well as a vertical plane behind the turbine. Time-averaged results show an asymmetric wake behind the turbine, regardless of tip speed ratio, with a larger velocity deficit for a higher tip speed ratio. For the higher tip speed ratio, an area of averaged flow reversal is present with a maximum reverse flow of $$-0.04U_\infty$$ . Phase-averaged vorticity fields—achieved by syncing the PIV system with the rotation of the turbine—show distinct structures form from each turbine blade. There were distinct differences in results by tip speed ratios of 0.9, 1.3, and 2.2 of when in the cycle structures are shed into the wake—switching from two pairs to a single pair of vortices being shed—and how they convect into the wake—the middle tip speed ratio vortices convect downstream inside the wake, while the high tip speed ratio pair is shed into the shear layer of the wake. Finally, results show that the wake structure is much more sensitive to changes in tip speed ratio than to changes in Reynolds number.
Dynamic analysis for the seasonal distribution of common infectious diseases in Jingmen

Objective To analyze the seasonal distribution of common infectious diseases in Jingmen,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation and adjustment of the control strategies and measures for infectious diseases. Methods Concentration ratio and circular distribution methods were applied in seasonal analysis.According to the principle of control chart in early-warning model,the monthly epidemic situation in recent 10 years in Jingmen was statistically analyzed. Results In terms of infections' seasonal characteristics in Jingmen,Japanese encephalitis was strictly seasonal,measles and malaria was obviously seasonal distributed,while dysentery and typhoid were somewhat seasonal,and hepatitis A,tuberculosis,hepatitis B,gonorrhea and syphilis were not obvious.There was a downward trend in the seasonal distribution of measles,malaria and dysentery,but the time of their peak was brought forward in advance.The incidence of measles and syphilis were instable. Conclusions According to the different seasonal distribution characteristics of infectious diseases,different control measures should be adopted.
Preparation of Strongly (100)-OrientedPb(Zr_(0.53),Ti_(0.47))O_3(PZT) Film by Sol-Gel Method

s: Highly (100) oriented Pb(Zr 0.53 ,Ti 0.47 )O 3(PZT)ferroelectric films were prepared by sol gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO 2/Si substrate. Through X ray diffraction analysis, it was found that the introduction of 15 minute baking at 600 ℃ into heat treatment of each layer promotes the crystallization of pervoskite phase, avoids crack formation during heat treatment and increases the critical thickness of PZT films. After annealing at 600 ℃ for 4 hours, the as deposited PZT film exhibited only the perovskite phase and strongly oriented in pervoskite (100). Atomic force microscopy observation showed that the film exhibited dense microstructure and uniform grain size distribution of about 100 nm. The relative dielectric constant of the film, as high as 1 150, was measured. The film also exhibited excellent remanent polarization and coercive fields of 26 μc/cm 2 and 49 kV/cm, respectively.
Validation and Application of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method To Determine the Concentrations of Sofosbuvir Anabolites in Cells

Sofosbuvir (SOF) is a highly efficacious and well-tolerated uridine nucleotide analog that inhibits the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase enzyme. SOF is administered as a prodrug, which undergoes intracellular phosphorylation by host enzymes to a monophosphate, diphosphate, and finally a pharmacologically active triphosphate. In order to fully understand the clinical pharmacology of SOF, there is a great need to determine the intracellular phosphate concentrations of the drug. We describe the validation and utilization of a method to characterize SOF's disposition into various in vivo cell types, including hepatocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and red blood cells (RBC). Standard bioanalytical validation criteria were applied to lysed cellular matrices, with a validated linear range of 50 to 50,000 fmol/sample for each phosphate moiety. The assay was utilized to collect the first data demonstrating concentrations of phosphorylated anabolites formed in PBMC, hepatocytes, and RBC in vivo during SOF therapy. Median concentrations in PBMC were 220 (range, 51.5 to 846), 70.2 (range, 25.8 to 275), and 859 (range, 54.5 to 6,756) fmol/10(6) cells in the monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate fractions, respectively. In contrast, RBC triphosphate concentrations were much lower than those of PBMC, as the median concentration was 2.91 (range, 1.14 to 10.4) fmol/10(6) cells. The PBMC triphosphate half-life was estimated at 26 h using noncompartmental approaches, while nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to estimate a 69 h half-life for this moiety in RBC. The validated method and the data it generates provide novel insight into the cellular disposition of SOF and its phosphorylated anabolites in vivo.
Left atrial myxoma

An 81-year-old independently functional woman with a history of congestive heart failure presented with acute shortness of breath. The day prior to the presentation she complained of mild shortness of breath while having dinner but went to sleep and woke up early morning with difficulty in breathing and chest discomfort. Prior to this, she was hospitalized twice for heart failure in the last 3 months and was also diagnosed with left atrial myxoma. However, her family members refused surgery. She has no constitutional symptoms such as fever, fatigue, weight loss, etc. She was in respiratory distress (26 breaths per minute), hypoxic, saturating 88% on room air and tachycardic (120 beats …
Cost Utility of Hub-and-Spoke Telestroke Networks From Societal Perspective

Background A hub-and-spoke telestroke network is an effective way to extend quality emergency stroke care to remote hospitals and improve patient outcomes. Objectives To evaluate the cost utility of a telestroke network in the management of acute ischemic stroke from the societal perspective. Study design and methods A lifetime Markov model was developed to compare the incremental costs and effectiveness of a telestroke network. One-year transition probabilities between the 3 health states based on the modified Rankin scale--minimal-to-no disability, moderate-to-severe disability, and death--were derived from literature. Costs included telemedicine setup and maintenance, initial and recurrent stroke treatment, rehabilitation, long-term care, and caregiver costs. Effectiveness was defined as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Model inputs were obtained from the literature supplemented by data from Georgia Health Sciences University and Mayo Clinic. The base case network included 1 hub and 7 spokes, and assumed no survival benefits from acute treatment in a network. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results Compared with no network, patients treated in a telestroke network incurred $1436 lower costs and gained 0.02 QALYs over a lifetime. Incremental costs decreased from $444 for the first year to -$1436 over a lifetime; incremental QALYs increased from 0.002 for the first year to 0.02 over a lifetime. Overall, results were robust in the 1-way sensitivity analyses. A telestroke network became less cost-effective with increasing spoke-to-hub transfer rates. Conclusions A telestroke network is cost savingand more effective compared with no network from the societal perspective in most modeled scenarios.
Active Balancing System for Electric Vehicles With Incorporated Low-Voltage Bus

Electric-drive vehicles, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles, require a high-voltage (HV) battery pack for propulsion and a low-voltage (LV) dc bus for auxiliary loads. This paper presents an architecture that uses modular dc–dc bypass converters to perform active battery cell balancing and to supply current to auxiliary loads, eliminating the need for a separate HV-to-LV high step-down dc–dc converter. The modular architecture, which achieves continuous balancing of all cells, can be used with an arbitrary number of cells in series, requires no control communication between converters, and naturally shares the auxiliary load current according to the relative state-of-charge (SOC) and capacities of the battery cells. Design and control details are provided for LV low-power dual active bridge (DAB) power converters serving as the bypass converter modules. Furthermore, current sharing is examined and worst-case SOC and current deviations are derived for mismatches in cell capacities, SOCs, and parasitic resistances. Experimental results are presented for a system consisting of 21 series 25 Ah Panasonic lithium-ion NMC battery cells and 21 DAB bypass converters, with combined outputs rated to supply a 650-W auxiliary load.
Augmenting Classroom Practices with QR Codes.

The use of mobile devices in the language classroom can help accomplish innumerable learning objectives, yet many teachers regard smartphones and tablets as obstacles to lesson goals. However, as portable technology continues to infiltrate classroom boundaries, it is becoming increasingly clear that educators should find ways to take advantage of mobile devices’ enormous educative potential. Quick response (QR) codes, a type of matrix barcode, offer a simple solution to educators’ concerns. By creating these scannable codes, educators allow students to quickly and easily engage with relevant online materials, including videos, podcasts, images, and more. In doing so, the separation between the classroom and the “real world” is blurred, and students become more accountable for their own learning by applying their language skills to a wide variety of English stimuli using their personal devices. After reviewing the benefits of mobile assisted language use (MALU), this article introduces practical resources for creating and scanning QR codes and outlines a multi-part lesson that incorporates QR codes. The article also presents a variety of successful, classroom-tested ideas for integrating QR codes into collaborative and communicative lessons.