cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Societal views of pacemaker reutilization for those with untreated symptomatic bradycardia in underserved nations

Significant healthcare disparities exist between the developed world and low and middle income countries (LMIC), specifically in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. As a result, pacemaker reutilization has been proposed as a viable option for those in LMIC and no other means of obtaining a device. Little data exist regarding the feasibility of establishing a reuse program in addition to understanding the views of society on device reutilization. This study investigated the views of funeral directors, patients with cardiac devices, and members of the general population regarding reutilization of previously implanted pacemakers. Ninety funeral directors in Michigan were surveyed regarding current practice as well as preferences for post-mortem device disposal. One hundred and fourteen patients with devices and 1,009 members of the general population were surveyed regarding post-mortem device handling. Funeral directors had an average of 21 years of experience with an annual volume of 120 deceased persons per year, with a cremation rate of 35%. When asked about disposal methods of explanted devices, the majority of devices (84%) were discarded as medical waste or stored with no intended purpose, with a total of 171 devices currently in possession at the funeral homes. Eighty-nine percent of funeral directors expressed a desire to donate devices for reuse in LMIC and 10% acknowledged previous device donation. Eighty-seven percent of device patients and 71% of the general population also expressed a desire to donate devices. The results of our survey show that a large percentage of funeral directors, patients with implantable devices, and members of the general population support a pacemaker reutilization initiative. This study lends further evidence that collection of devices for reuse is feasible and that establishing a framework for regional pacemaker reutilization program is warranted. If successful, the feasibility of this model should be investigated in other parts of the country in order to alleviate the burden of untreated symptomatic bradycardia in our world.
"Large" growth hormone: ribonucleic acid-associated precursor of other growth hormone forms in rat pituitary.

Pituitary growth hormone (GH) filtered on Sephadex G-200 is heterogeneous: “large” growth hormone (LGH) elutes with the void volume, small growth hormone (SGH) migrates identically with purified GH, and at least two intermediate sized forms can be identified. Male rat anterior pituitaries were incubated with 14C and 3H-labeled amino acids or nucleosides, extracted, and the 12,000 × g supernate was filtered over Sephadex G-200. LGH, SGH, and intermediate forms were identified in pulse labeled pituitary glands. LGH radioactivity decreased from 45$ to 15% during the first 35 min of the chase period and was stablethereafter. The percent of immunoprecipi table radioactivity migrating as SGH increased during the chase period until immunoprecipitable (IP) GH radioactivity began to appear in the incubation medium. SGH radioactivity then decreased in complementary fashion. During continuous exposure to radiolabeled amino acids IP-LGH decreased from an initial value of 50–80$ to 32–36$ by 40 min and was then stable...
Growth of Al0.3Ga0.7As by molecular beam epitaxy in the forbidden temperature range using As2

Using a thermal cracker and polycrystalline arsenic source material, dimeric arsenic was obtained and utilised to grow Al0.3Ga0.7As layers in the temperature range of 600-700°C with excellent surface morphologies. It has been previously found that, with tetrameric arsenic, excellent surface morphologies were possible only below 630°C and above 690°. Based on these observations, it is postulated that above 630°C tetrameric arsenic has a surface lifetime that is too short to provide enough coverage even when the beam flux is increased dramatically. At and above 700°C, tetrameric arsenic is cracked more effectively by the surface energy gained from the substrate leading to a good surface coverage and to good surface morphologies.
Simultaneous Stability of Image and Pose Error in Visual Servo Control

A novel visual servo controller is developed in this paper that simultaneously regulates both the camera pose and image errors. This Lyapunov-based controller stabilizes both the entire image and pose error simultaneously. Furthermore, the controller uses adaptive depth estimation to eliminate the need to measure depth or obtain knowledge of the scene.
OPTIMAL PARALLEL ENCODING AND DECODING ALGORITHMS FOR TREES

Encoding the shape of a binary tree is a basic step in a number of algorithms in integrated circuit design, automated theorem proving, and game playing. We propose cost-optimal parallel algorithms to solve the binary tree encoding/decoding problem. Specifically, we encode the relevant shape information of an n-node binary tree in a 2n bitstring. Conversely, given an arbitrary 2n bitstring we reconstruct the shape of the corresponding binary tree, if such a tree exists. All our algorithms run in O(log n) time using O(n/log n) processors in the EREW-PRAM model of computation.
Challenges for clinical trials to treat progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a lethal complication of immunodeficiency for which no direct therapy has been achieved. The issues that have made this disease especially difficult to address are discussed, and an outline for development of future interventions is provided. A controlled trial of therapy utilizing an international group of trial groups is proposed.
Mesoscopic Simulation of the Ferrite Nucleation on Austenitic Grain Boundary for Nanograined Steel

We use the cellular automaton (CA) modeling to investigate the ferrite nucleation on the austenite grains. On the basis of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation from austenite to ferrite, the CA modeling demonstrates that the size of nucleated ferrite grains is increased with increasing of cooling rates, and nucleation process is finished instantly at a given cooling rate. The initial austenite grain size plays an important role in the obtained ferrite nucleation number, and the potential nucleation cells are increased.
Hemodynamics and emergence profile of remifentanil versus fentanyl prospectively compared in a large population of surgical patients.

Abstract Study Objective: To compare the responses to, and hemodynamics associated with surgical stress, recovery profiles, and anesthesiologists' satisfaction following balanced general anesthesia using either remifentanil or fentanyl in a large-scale population. Design: Prospective, 1:1 single blind, randomized, controlled effectiveness study in which patients received either remifentanil or fentanyl in combination with a hypnotic-based anesthesia regimen of either isoflurane or propofol. Setting: Multicenter study including 156 hospitals and ambulatory surgery facilities. Patients: 2,438 patients (1,496 outpatients and 942 inpatients), 18 years of age or older, scheduled for elective surgeries under general endotracheal anesthesia, with an expected duration of unconsciousness ≥30 minutes. Interventions: Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous (IV) remifentanil (0.5 μg/kg/min for induction and intubation, with the infusion rate decreased to 0.25 μg/kg/min after intubation) or IV fentanyl (administered according to anesthesiologists' usual practice) as the opioid during surgery. Concomitant hypnotic drugs were either propofol and/or isoflurane (with or without nitrous oxide) titrated according to protocol. Transition analgesia with either morphine or fentanyl was given to the remifentanil patients and, at the anesthesiologists' discretion, in the fentanyl patients. Measurements: Vital signs, adverse events, and emergence profiles were assessed and recorded. Recovery profile was assessed by recording time spent in the postanesthesia care unit and step-down recovery unit, number and timing of adverse events, timing and dosage of rescue medications, and time to eligibility for discharge (to home or to hospital room). Anesthesiologists' satisfaction with the anesthetic regimen was assessed at the end of surgery. Main Results: Remifentanil-treated patients exhibited lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures (by 10–15 mmHg) and lower heart rates (by 10–15 bpm) intraoperatively compared to the fentanyl-treated patients. This difference promptly disappeared on emergence. Remifentanil-treated patients responded to verbal command, left the operating room, and (for outpatients) were discharged home sooner than fentanyl-treated patients. Anesthesiologists rated the predictability of response to intraoperative titration, assessment of hemodynamic profiles, and the quality of anesthesia higher in the remifentanil-treated patients. Conclusions: This study confirms previous observations on the hemodynamic properties associated with remifentanil and extends these to a wider context than previously reported. These characteristics provide clinicians with an alternative in opioid-based anesthesia.
Enhancement of Solar Fuel Production Schemes by Using a Ru,Rh,Ru Supramolecular Photocatalyst Containing Hydroxide Labile Ligands

Polyazine-bridged Ru(II)Rh(III)Ru(II) complexes with two halide ligands, Cl(-) or Br(-), bound to the catalytically active Rh center are efficient single-component photocatalysts for H2O reduction to H2 fuel, with the coordination environment on Rh impacting photocatalysis. Herein reported is a new, halide-free Ru(II)Rh(III)Ru(II) photocatalyst with OH(-) ligands bound to Rh, further enhancing the photocatalytic reactivity of the structural motif. H2 production experiments using the photocatalyst bearing OH(-) ligands at Rh relative to the analogues bearing halides at Rh in solvents of varying polarity (DMF, CH3CN, and H2O) suggest that ion pairing with halides deactivates photocatalyst function, representing an exciting phenomenon to exploit in the development of catalysts for solar H2 production schemes.
Integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq identifies human alpha cell and beta cell signature genes

Abstract Objective Although glucagon-secreting α-cells and insulin-secreting β-cells have opposing functions in regulating plasma glucose levels, the two cell types share a common developmental origin and exhibit overlapping transcriptomes and epigenomes. Notably, destruction of β-cells can stimulate repopulation via transdifferentiation of α-cells, at least in mice, suggesting plasticity between these cell fates. Furthermore, dysfunction of both α- and β-cells contributes to the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and β-cell de-differentiation has been proposed to contribute to type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to delineate the molecular properties that maintain islet cell type specification yet allow for cellular plasticity. We hypothesized that correlating cell type-specific transcriptomes with an atlas of open chromatin will identify novel genes and transcriptional regulatory elements such as enhancers involved in α- and β-cell specification and plasticity. Methods We sorted human α- and β-cells and performed the “Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high throughput sequencing” (ATAC-seq) and mRNA-seq, followed by integrative analysis to identify cell type-selective gene regulatory regions. Results We identified numerous transcripts with either α-cell- or β-cell-selective expression and discovered the cell type-selective open chromatin regions that correlate with these gene activation patterns. We confirmed cell type-selective expression on the protein level for two of the top hits from our screen. The “group specific protein” (GC; or vitamin D binding protein) was restricted to α-cells, while CHODL (chondrolectin) immunoreactivity was only present in β-cells. Furthermore, α-cell- and β-cell-selective ATAC-seq peaks were identified to overlap with known binding sites for islet transcription factors, as well as with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified as risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Conclusions We have determined the genetic landscape of human α- and β-cells based on chromatin accessibility and transcript levels, which allowed for detection of novel α- and β-cell signature genes not previously known to be expressed in islets. Using fine-mapping of open chromatin, we have identified thousands of potential cis -regulatory elements that operate in an endocrine cell type-specific fashion.
Examining Compliance with Fiduciary Duties: A Study of Real Estate Agents

The traditional default rule in the United States has been that, where two brokerage firms participate in the sale of a piece residential real estate, both firms are fiduciaries of the seller. This article provides original empirical evidence showing to be erroneous a common assumption - that, in conflicts between their principals and third parties, real estate agents promote their principals' interests - underlying revisions made in a number of jurisdictions to those principles in the last twenty years. This article examines whether agents act in accordance with their duties along two dimensions: First, we hypothesize that selling agents may secure business by taking actions that promote the interests of buyers to the detriment of selling agents' principals, the sellers, in ways that decrease sales prices. Second, we examine whether sellers receive worse sales prices where the selling and listing functions are divided between two firms. Such a relationship would be consistent with selling agents improperly seeking to promote buyers' interests, with intra-firm relationships restraining that misconduct better than inter-firm relationships. The results support the conclusion that, to secure business, selling agents who are fiduciaries of sellers use actions that decrease the returns to their principals, with some evidence that the participation of a listing agent in the same firm as the selling agent partially restrains this activity. In sum, some economically significant malfeasance is not restrained by the duties imposed by law. This article is the accepted version of The Firm as the Nexus of Relational Contracts: An Empirical Assessment of Real Estate Brokers which can be found at http://ssrn.com/abstract=36500 posted October 23, 1997.
Real Property Brokerage Education and License Law

Executive Summary: This article examines the relationship between real property brokerage education and brokerage license law. A review of the literature reveals an absence of material on the subject, including any attempts to define a common body of knowledge for real property brokerage. The lack of agreement on educational standards is evidenced by widely varying requirements for pre- and post-licensing among the U.S. states and Canadian provinces. The needs of the license law authorities, educators and students are examined. The article concludes that a common body of knowledge for brokerage education must be defined, and that brokerage education must be elevated into the college and university curriculum.
TOGA COARE: Oceanic Lightning

Abstract A lightning detection network composed of three direction finders was installed in the western Pacific during TOGA COARE. The results are reported from one direction finder, at Kavieng, Papua New Guinea, for the months of January and February 1993, the latter half of the TOGA COARF 4-month period. Land and ocean sectors were defined. The land–ocean cloud-to-ground lightning ratio for 57 days of data is 8.7. The time between the two highest flash count days is 30–40 days, suggestive of the 30–60-day wave previously identified by Madden and Julian (1972). The highest lightning activity occurs around local midnight for both land and ocean sectors. The peak in activity of cloud-to-ground lightning over the ocean leads the peak in cold cloud area by 3–4 h. A small peak in lightning activity over the land sector occurs around 1500 LST, indicating the influence of the diurnal cycle of beating on convective activity around large tropical islands.
Patterns of Errors Contributing to Trauma Mortality: Lessons Learned From 2594 Deaths

Trauma care creates a “perfect storm” for medical errors: unstable patients, incomplete histories, time-critical decisions, concurrent tasks, involvement of many disciplines, and often junior personnel working after-hours in busy emergency departments. Studies in several countries have identified adverse events, including death, that occur in trauma and emergency care.1–4 In 1955, Robert M. Zollinger wrote in the Archives of Surgery about the “preventability” of deaths following motor vehicle crashes.5 In the Journal of the American Medical Association, 30 years later, Donald Trunkey reviewed 29 studies of preventable trauma deaths,6 and more have been published since.7–11 These studies supported the development of regionalized trauma care. They also provided insights into the nature of preventable deaths, including the significance of failure to evaluate the abdomen, delays to treatment, and critical care errors. However, estimates of preventable death rates were wide in Trunkey's review, ranging from 2% to 50%, indicating the variability in care provided and the need for standardized approaches to its analysis that minimized potential variability due to definitions, the methods used to detect events, and the type of reviewers making the final determination.12,13 These studies also showed that trauma surgeons were pioneers in error reduction and quality improvement long before interest in medical errors and patient safety became widespread. More recently, much interest and interdisciplinary expertise have been brought to standardizing error detection and classification,14–16 to understanding of predisposing structural and systemic factors17 and the defective information processing18,19 associated with error, and to the development of effective patient safety and error mitigating strategies.20,21 In trauma, as in all fields, it is likely that recognizable clinical situations create predictable vulnerability to human error, and the erroneous decision-making that occurs in response to these situations can be forecast to some degree.22 To reduce errors, institutions need effective means of identifying errors and error-associated deaths. This is all the more difficult in trauma given high baseline mortality rates, often complicated in-hospital care, and the relative paucity of widely applicable management protocols, especially beyond the “Golden Hour” of initial resuscitation, to which Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols apply. Furthermore, errors that result in death may be relatively infrequent; therefore, opportunities to learn from them may be limited by infrequent attention and lack of “institutional memory.” In this study, we aimed to identify errors that had contributed to the death of trauma patients at a specific high-volume regional trauma center over a 9-year period and determine any apparent patterns of occurrence. We also aimed to examine the effect of introduction of local institutional policies on reducing error incidence.
Mercury (Hg) mineral evolution: A mineralogical record of supercontinent assembly, changing ocean geochemistry, and the emerging terrestrial biosphere

Analyses of the temporal and geographic distribution of earliest recorded appearances of the 88 IMA-approved mercury minerals plus two potentially valid species exemplify principles of mineral evolution. Metacinnabar (HgS) and native Hg are the only two species reported from meteorites, specifically, the primitive H3 Tieschitz chondrite with an age of 4550 Ma. Since the first terrestrial appearance of cinnabar more than 3 billion years ago, mercury minerals have been present continuously at or near Earth’s surface. Mercury mineral evolution is characterized by episodic deposition and diversification, perhaps associated with the supercontinent cycle. We observe statistically significant increases in the number of reported Hg mineral localities and new Hg species at ~2.8–2.6, ~1.9–1.8, and ~0.43–0.25 Ga—intervals that correlate with episodes of presumed supercontinent assembly and associated orogenies of Kenorland (Superia), Columbia (Nuna), and Pangea, respectively. In constrast, few Hg deposits or new species of mercury minerals are reported from the intervals of supercontinent stability and breakup at ~2.5–1.9, ~1.8–1.2, and 1.1–0.8 Ga. The interval of Pangean supercontinent stability and breakup (~250–65 Ma) is also marked by a significant decline in reported mercury mineralization; however, rocks of the last 65 million years, during which Pangea has continued to diverge, is characterized by numerous ephemeral near-surface Hg deposits. The period ~1.2–1.0 Ga, during the assembly of the Rodinian supercontinent, is an exception because of the absence of new Hg minerals or deposits from this period. Episodes of Hg mineralization reflect metamorphism of Hg-enriched marine black shales at zones of continental convergence. We suggest that Hg was effectively sequestered as insoluble nanoparticles of cinnabar (HgS) or tiemannite (HgSe) during the period of the sulfidic “intermediate ocean” (~1.85–0.85 Ga); consequently, few Hg deposits formed during the aggregation of Rodinia, whereas several deposits date from 800–600 Ma, a period that overlaps with the rifting and breakup of Rodinia. Nearly all Hg mineral species (87 of 90 known), as well as all major economic Hg deposits, are known to occur in formations ≤400 million years old. This relatively recent diversification arises, in part, from the ephemeral nature of many Hg minerals. In addition, mercury mineralization is strongly enhanced by interactions with organic matter, so the relatively recent pulse of new Hg minerals may reflect the rise of a terrestrial biosphere at ~400 Ma.
Inhibition of mouse encephalomyelitis virus, in vitro, by certain nucleoprotein derivatives.

SummaryAdenine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and thymine inhibit the propagation of Theiler's GDVII strain of murine encephalomyelitis virus in tissue cultures of one-day mouse brain. Guanine, uridine, uracil, guanylic or cytidylic acids did not inhibit. Various substituted nucleosides including amino-, chloro-, diazo-, formamido-, hydroxy- and methyluridine were inhibitory. Uridine partially reversed this inhibition. 5-Chlorouracil, ribosylthymine and glucosylthymine did not inhibit; 2,6-diaminopurine did. 5-Chlorouridine was not effective against this viral infection in mice.
Young Mao,Old Mao and the Question of Freedom

This paper discusses briefly the causes that Mao Zedong abandoned liberalism but chose socialism.The eventual collapse of freedom in the mind of Mao Zedong had at least four general causes.One was the large role of war in China from the 1920s to the 1940s.Pervasive violence made political debate a luxury and favored repression.A second was the powerful current of Chinese nationalism in the same period;the cry to rescue the nation eclipsed the cry for the self-realization of the individual.A third was Mao's embrace of Marxist ideas of class,central economic planning,and Communist Party organization.Fourth was the hangover in Mao's mind and Chinese society generally of a paternalistic Chinese imperial mentality.
Relationship between Occupational Stress and Mental Health of Staff from Business Buildings

[Objective]To study the relationship between occupational stress and mental health of staffs from business buildings,and provide scientific basis for further intervention.[Methods]A total of 1 033 workers from 11 business buildings were selected for questionnaires survey about general condition,JCQ,CHQ and CES-D.Their occupational stress and mental health were also investigated.The data were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA analysis,rank correlation,stepwise regression and unconditional logistic regression.[Results]Internal consistency analysis showed that the JCD,GHQ and CES-D had high reliability in the investigation.The prevalence rate of high occupational stress,psychological problem tendency and high depression tendency in the investigated subjects was 32.33%,12.49% and 57.89% respectively.ANOVA analysis showed that scoring of each JCQ dimension,especially job demand and job control scoring,varied significantly between different individual characterizations(P0.05 or P0.01).Rank correlation indicated that spearman rank correlation coefficient of GHQ and CES-D with occupational stress was-0.08 and-0.21(P0.05 or P0.01) respectively.Stepwise regression analysis showed that variables predicting psychologic status were age,gender,educational background,job demand,autonomy and variables predicting depression tendency were age,job demand and social support,with job demand having the strongest predicting capacity.Logistic regression showed that risks of psychological problem and depression tendency induced by high occupational stress was 4.46 times(OR 95% CI=2.36~8.46) and 3.38 times(OR 95% CI=2.36~4.85)of that induced by low occupational stress,while social support could mitigate the risk of depression tendency,OR=0.61 and OR = 0.44(P0.01),while confouding factors influenced the effect of social support on mental health obviously.[Conclusion]Occupational stress is affected by individual factors.High occupational stress,especially job demand,is an important factor resulting in high risks of psychological problem and depression tendency.Measures should be taken on the individual level and on organizational level to reduce occupational stress,then workers' psychological health can be protected.
To Set up Model as Screening Tools for Estimating the Risk of DM in Community by Use of Decision Tree and Data of Health Records

OBJECTIVE To set up the prediction model for evaluating the risk of diabetes mellitus(DM)in community by application of decision tree with data from health records.METHODS By use of decision tree and abstract data of 131 270 health records obtained from Songjiang Community health service management system,determining the predict variables.RESULTS By utility of 70% random data the prediction model were set up,then applying the model to the 30% remained data showed the model could predict the DM risk of people well(the area under the curve was 0.836,P0.001).CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the model might be useful as screening tools for estimating the risk of DM in community,optimizing the utilization of more expensive tests.
Cholinergic regulation of adrenal medullary blood flow.

To determine the relative role of nicotinic and muscarinic mechanisms in splanchnic nerve stimulation (NS)-induced adrenal catecholamine secretion and medullary vasodilation, 12 pentobarbital-anest...
Personality Traits and Second Language Acquisition: The Influence of the Enneagram on Adult ESOL Students.

In this qualitative study, researchers focused on providing explicit knowledge of personality traits via the Enneagram profile to a group of 10 adult advanced students of English for speakers of other languages. Through the Enneagram and two surveys, researchers gained insight into how students perceived the influence of their personality type on their second language (L2) learning experience in the United States. In this article, the researchers make recommendations about what could be done to incorporate the Enneagram personality profiles’ information into L2 instruction.
“¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?”: Revisiting the Racial Context of the Billy the Kid Legend

Billy the Kid spoke his last words in Spanish. Calling out “?Quien es? ?Quien es?” before he was killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett, the young outlaw's final moments signal his diverse ethnic context. This article examines the Kid's close contact with the Southwest's communities of color – New Mexico's Mescalero Apache Indians, African American soldiers, and Hispano farmers – and why these communities have been removed from countless popular representations of the Kid's story. Their omission has helped to perpetuate a uniquely Western and white American ideal of individualism and served to legitimize a libertarian and ahistorical ideal of violence: the rebellion of an outlaw who defies the rest of his society and his times.
Epigenetic and genetic alterations and their influence on gene regulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

To understand the changes of gene regulation in carcinogenesis, we explored signals of DNA methylation – a stable epigenetic mark of gene regulatory elements — and designed a computational model to profile loss and gain of regulatory elements (REs) during carcinogenesis. We also utilized sequencing data to analyze the allele frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and detected the cancer-associated SNPs, i.e., the SNPs displaying the significant allele frequency difference between cancer and normal samples. After applying this model to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) data, we identified REs differentially activated (dREs) between normal and CLL cells, consisting of 6,802 dREs gained and 4,606 dREs lost in CLL. The identified regulatory perturbations coincide with changes in the expression of target genes. In particular, the genes encoding DNA methyltransferases harbor multiple lost-in-cancer dREs and zero gained-in-cancer dREs, indicating that the damaged regulation of these genes might be one of the key causes of tumor formation. dREs display a significantly elevated density of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNPs associated with CLL and CLL-related traits. We observed that most of dRE GWAS SNPs associated with CLL and CLL-related traits (83%) display a significant haplotype association among the identified cancer-associated alleles and the risk alleles that have been reported in GWAS. Also dREs are enriched for the binding sites of the well-established B-cell and CLL transcription factors (TFs) NF-kB, AP2, P53, E2F1, PAX5, and SP1. We also identified CLL-associated SNPs and demonstrated that the mutations at these SNPs change the binding sites of key TFs much more frequently than expected. Through exploring sequencing data measuring DNA methylation, we identified the epigenetic alterations (more specifically, DNA methylation) and genetic mutations along non-coding genomic regions CLL, and demonstrated that these changes play a critical role in carcinogenesis through damaging the regulation of key genes and alternating the binding of key TFs in B and CLL cells.
An innovative health-care delivery model for children with medical complexity

Children with medical complexity (CMC) account for a disproportionate share of pediatric health-care utilization and cost that is largely attributable to long hospitalizations, frequent hospital readmissions, and high use of emergency departments. In response, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Health Care Innovation Center supports the development and testing of innovative health-care payment and service delivery models. The purpose of this article is to describe the CMS-funded coordinated health care for complex kids (CHECK) program, an innovative system of health-care delivery that provides improved, comprehensive, and well-coordinated services to CMC. The CHECK program uses a combination of high-tech and low-tech interventions to connect patients, stakeholders, and providers. It is anticipated that the investment in additional support services to CMC will result in improved quality of care that leads to a reduction in unnecessary inpatient hospitalizations, readmissions, and emergency department visits and a total cost savings. The CHECK program has the potential to inform future cost-effective health-care models aimed at improving the quality of life and care for CMC and their families.
Dining with dad: Fathers' influences on family food practices

Abstract Scholars have documented multiple influences on family food practices. This article examines an overlooked contributor to family diet: fathers. Using 109 in-depth interviews with middle and upper-middle class mothers, adolescents, and fathers in the United States, I show how fathers can undermine mothers' efforts to provision a healthy diet. While family members perceive mothers as committed to provisioning a healthy diet, many fathers are seen as, at best, detached and, at worst, a threat to mothers' dietary aspirations. Fathers not only do little foodwork; they are also viewed as less concerned about their own and other family members' dietary health. When tasked with feeding, many fathers often turn to quick, unhealthy options explicitly avoided by mothers. Mothers report efforts to limit fathers' involvement in foodwork to ensure the healthiness of adolescents' diets, with variation across families by mothers' employment status. Fathers' dietary approaches reflect and reinforce traditional gender norms and expectations within families. In highlighting how and why fathers can undermine mothers’ efforts to provision a healthy diet, this study deepens our understanding of the myriad dynamics shaping family food practices.
Practicing Philanthropy in American Higher Education: Cultivating Engaged Citizens and Nonprofit Sector Professionals

Recent scholarship has documented a growing interest in teaching philanthropy at the undergraduate and graduate level. This study is an overview of the nature and extent of one approach, experienti...
Rue d’Ulm

A l’Ecole (comme nous disions) les eleves etaient groupes par «turnes» ou salles d’etude. Des avant la rentree mon premier souci fut de rechercher des «coturnes» sympathiques. Nous fumes cinq, Laberenne, Delsarte, Yves Rocard, Barbotte («cacique», c’est-a-dire premier de la promotion) et moi. Laberenne avait ete mon camarade en taupe chez Grevy; c’etait un grand garcon a l’esprit ouvert, bon camarade, assez peu scolaire. Delsarte arrivait de Rouen, apres une seule annee de taupe comme moi. Rocard venait de Louis-le-Grand et installa aussitot dans son casier de grands registres cartonnes de noir, couverts d’une ecriture menue mais fort lisible, pleins deja d’idees personnelles et de calculs sur la theorie cinetique des gaz. Tous les quatre nous avions, comme on dit, mauvais esprit. On ne pouvait en dire autant de notre cacique, venu de la taupe de Versailles; fils de militaire, respectueux des autorites, peu apte au canular, il fut toujours bien vu de la direction; ce n’etait pas sous ce jour que me l’avaient depeint des camarades versaillais. Il finit par se trouver assez mal a l’aise en notre compagnie; nous sentions un peu trop le fagot.
Exercise intensity-driven level design

Games and experiences designed for virtual or augmented reality usually require the player to move physically to play. This poses substantial challenge for level designers because the player's physical experience in a level will need to be considered, otherwise the level may turn out to be too exhausting or not challenging enough. This paper presents a novel approach to optimize level designs by considering the physical challenge imposed upon the player in completing a level of motion-based games. A game level is represented as an assembly of chunks characterized by the exercise intensity levels they impose on players. We formulate game level synthesis as an optimization problem, where the chunks are assembled in a way to achieve an optimized level of intensity. To allow the synthesis of game levels of varying lengths, we solve the trans-dimensional optimization problem with a Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. We demonstrate that our approach can be applied to generate game levels for s of motion-based virtual reality games. A user evaluation validates the effectiveness of our approach in generating levels with the desired amount of physical challenge.
The Use of Time: Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries. Edited by Alexander Szalai in collaboration with Philip E. Converse, Pierre Feldheim, Erwin K. Scheuch and Philip J. Stone

(1974). The Use of Time: Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries. Edited by Alexander Szalai in collaboration with Philip E. Converse, Pierre Feldheim, Erwin K. Scheuch and Philip J. Stone. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 84-86.
Thoracoabdominal pressure gradient and gastroesophageal reflux: insights from lung transplant candidates.

Advanced lung disease is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The thoracoabdominal pressure gradient (TAPG) facilitates gastroesophageal reflux, but the effects of TAPG on gastroesophageal reflux in patients with pulmonary disease have not been well defined. Patients diagnosed with end-stage lung disease are expected to have the most extreme derangement in respiratory mechanics. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between TAPG and reflux in lung transplant (LTx) candidates. We reviewed LTx recipients who underwent pretransplant esophageal high-resolution manometry and a 24-hour pH study. Patients were excluded if they were undergoing redo LTx, had manometric hiatal hernia, or had previously undergone foregut surgery. TAPG was defined as the intra-abdominal pressure minus the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration. Adjusted TAPG was calculated by the TAPG minus the resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure (LESP). Twenty-two patients with normal esophageal function tests (i.e., normal esophageal motility with neither manometric hiatal hernia nor pathological reflux on 24-hour pH monitoring) were selected as the pulmonary disease-free control group. In total, 204 patients underwent LTx between January 2015 and December 2016. Of these, 77 patients met inclusion criteria. We compared patients with obstructive lung disease (OLD, n = 33; 42.9%) and those with restrictive lung disease (RLD, n = 42; 54.5%). 2/77 patients (2.6%) had pulmonary arterial hypertension. GERD was more common in the RLD group than in the OLD group (24.2% vs. 47.6%, P = 0.038). TAPG was similar between the OLD group and the controls (14.2 vs. 15.3 mmHg, P = 0.850); however, patients in the RLD group had significantly higher TAPG than the controls (24.4 vs. 15.3 mmHg, P = 0.002). Although TAPG was not correlated with GERD, the adjusted TAPG correlated with reflux in all 77 patients with end-stage lung disease (DeMeester score, rs = 0.256, P = 0.024; total reflux time, rs = 0.259, P = 0.023; total number of reflux episodes, rs = 0.268, P = 0.018). Additionally, pathological reflux was seen in 59.1% of lung transplant candidates with adjusted TAPG greater than 0 mmHg (i.e., TAPG exceeding LESP); GERD was seen in 30.9% of patients who had an adjusted TAPG ≤ 0 mmHg. In summary, TAPG varies based on the underlying cause of lung disease. Higher adjusted TAPG increases pathological reflux, even if patients have normal antireflux anatomy and physiology (i.e., no hiatal hernia and manometrically normal LES function). Adjusted TAPG may provide further insights into the pathophysiology of GERD.
Pygmy mole crickets (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) in Dominican and Burmese amber

Pygmy mole crickets (Orthoptera: tridactylidae) are small cricket-like insects that have several interesting morphological features. Their front legs are modified for digging and their back legs ar...
Creating Linkages in the High School-to-Work Transition

A classic problem in the study of organizations is that of inducing members to work toward organizational goals. In theory, organizations pursue clearly delineated aims. Such clarity of purpose leads them to pose formal requirements for meeting their goals, to mobilize resources devoted to the goals, and to identify rules and duties to direct individuals in the processes of implementation (Parsons, 1956).
Biogeochemical changes in the sediments of Lake Cantara South, a saline lake in South Australia

Biogeochemical studies were undertaken of a 65-cm long sediment core from Lake Cantara South, South Australia. 14C determinations indicated that the sediments had been deposited over 2000 years. Changes with sediment depth in the concentration or ratio of the following were determined: (i) total organic carbon, total carbonate (inorganic) carbon, total sulfur, total carbon, total inorganic and organic sulfur, atomic C/N, and sulfate/chloride; (ii) n-alkanes; (iii) a highly branched isoprenoid alkane, and (iv) steroids. Interpretation of the changes with sediment depth indicated the nature of changes that took place when the system changed from a protected marine lagoon to an isolated (athalassic) saline lake. This change took place about 1000 years ago.
In vitro generation of regulatory CD8+ T cells similar to those found in mice with anterior chamber-associated immune deviation.

PURPOSE When injected intravenously into naive mice, peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) incubated with ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 induce immune deviation similar to that evoked by injection of OVA into the anterior chamber of the eye. Intraocular antigen injection elicits two distinct populations of regulatory T cells that impair delayed hypersensitivity (DH) by two different mechanisms: a CD4+ T cell that suppresses the induction of DH (afferent) and a CD8+ T cell that inhibits DH expression. In an effort to understand the origin and mechanism of action of these regulatory cells, CD8+ T cells from OVA-specific T cell receptor (Tcr) transgenic mice (OT-1) were used. METHODS CD8+ T cells were harvested from Tcr transgenic OT-1 mice whose Tcr recognize an OVA peptide in the context of the class I major histocompatibility complex molecule Kb. These cells were stimulated in vitro with OVA-pulsed PECs exposed (or not) to TGF-beta2, then analyzed for their capacity to proliferate, to secrete various cytokines, to lyse OVA-expressing target cells, and to regulate bystander T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS When OVA-pulsed PECs were used in vitro as stimulators, responding OT-1 T cells proliferated and preferentially secreted interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, rather than IL-4 and IL-10. When the stimulator PECs were pretreated with TGF-beta2 and then pulsed with OVA, responding OT-1 T cells proliferated even more swiftly, but they secreted significantly less IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha, and no IL-4 or IL-10. OT-1 T cells, which constitutively display cytotoxicity toward OVA-expressing target cells, lost this activity when stimulated with OVA-pulsed, TGF-beta2-pretreated PECs. Moreover, OT-1 T cells stimulated in this manner displayed the capacity to inhibit proliferation of OVA-primed T cells exposed to OVA in vitro and to suppress in vivo the expression of OVA-triggered DH. CONCLUSIONS OVA-pulsed PECs, pretreated with TGF-beta2, coerce naive OVA-specific CD8+ T cells to become efferent regulators of DH similar to the regulatory T cells evoked by intraocular injection of OVA.
Deuterium Enrichment by cw Vibrational Photochemistry of Methane-Economic Considerations

Because of the large fractional mass difference between hydrogen and deuterium, there exist many conventional methods of deuterium enrichment. One of the most efficient of these is the Girdler-Sulphide (GS) process which is based on the equilibrium isotope effect in the exchange between water and H2S. Economic projections for proposed new separation methods must compete favorably with the GS process before these new approaches can even begin to be seriously considered. This paper will discuss the projected energy requirements for a method of deuterium enrichment which is based on the selective vibrational enhancement of the reaction Cl + CH3D by a CW CO2 laser, while Cl + CH4 proceeds at essentially the thermal rate. The CH3D proposal is based on experiments reported earlier on CH3Br [1] and CH2D2 [2,3]. Experiments on CH3D itself are difficult to perform in the existing low-pressure apparatus because of the smaller absorption by this species as compared to CH2D2 which has accidental coincidences with the CO2 laser. At higher pressures typical of a production facility, pressure broadening should remove this obstacle and the absorption coefficients at CO2 laser wavelengths should reflect the low resolution spectra and may be acceptably large. Because of the enormous spectral differences between CH3D and CH4, there will be no loss of spectroscopic isotope resolution at any conceivable pressure.
Effects of Wait Time when Communicating with Children who have Sensory and Additional Disabilities

IntroductionThis study utilized wait-time procedures to determine if they are effective in helping children with deafblindness or multiple disabilities that include a visual impairment communicate ...
The next Pellian equation

The pellian equations x2−dy2=−4 in Z or ξ2∂n2=4i in Z[i] both have similar criteria of solvability according to factors of 2 or 4 in the class number for \(\mathbb{Q}(\surd - p)\), when a prime p=d or Na. The next pellian equation leads to a tower of pellian equations whose height limits the power of 2 dividing that class number.
The isometric athlete.

Isometric or static exercise is performed during many routine activities and athletic events. The acute response to static exercise is an increase in blood pressure, mediated by central neural and reflex events that attempt to maintain blood flow to contracting skeletal muscle. Physical training with static exercise leads to a mild form of concentric cardiac hypertrophy, with a smaller increase in mass than that developed by the endurance athlete. Although controversial, peripheral cardiovascular adaptations can occur in response to static exercise training despite little or no change in maximal oxygen consumption. These adaptations include modest decreases in heart rate and blood pressure both at rest and during contraction, increases in muscle capillarity, improved lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and increases in glucose and insulin responsiveness. Some of these adaptations also have been observed in cardiac and hypertensive patients.
The Public's Perception on Breast and Nipple Reconstruction: A Crowdsourcing-Based Assessment.

BACKGROUND Breast reconstruction outcomes have traditionally been measured by evaluating the opinions of patients and surgeons. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to assess the views of the general public. METHODS A survey was designed and distributed through a crowdsourcing website called Amazon Mechanical Turk. Questions assessed participant demographics, personal experience with breast reconstruction, perceptions on breast reconstruction, and opinions regarding aesthetics results. Responses were analyzed using chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 992 responses were collected. Most participants were female (56.1%), white (32.1%), aged 30 to 39 years (40.4%), and had a bachelor's degree (42.0%). A total of 44.2% had personal experience with breast reconstruction and 25.8% with nipple reconstruction. Several aesthetic and reconstructive factors were significantly favored over others across sex, ethnicity, age group, education level, and personal experience with breast reconstruction. For instance, women were more likely to prefer reconstructed nipples (P < 0.0001), view a breast without a nipple as complete (P = 0.024) and place less importance on nipple shape (P = 0.002). Additionally, those who personally experienced nipple reconstruction were willing to undergo more procedures for a complete nipple-areola complex (P < 0.0001), to increase aesthetic results (P = 0.018), and to increase chances of nipple survival (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing can be useful in plastic surgery and has helped identify several key findings. The importance of the nipple in reconstruction has been validated; almost three-quarters of respondents did not view a breast without a nipple as complete. The aesthetic preferences seem to support bilateral nipple-sparing reconstruction when possible. Most importantly, the respondents helped elucidate key differences in perception of aesthetic outcomes.