cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LOWER DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR MODELING THE HEAT TRANSFER AND DETAILED REACTIONS INSIDE LONG CHANNELS

In the current work, a methodology is developed for coupling the one dimensional (1D) solution inside the non-permeable channels with the 3D outer flow in shell and tube type of configurations. In the proposed lower dimensional model, called the channel model, the 1D channels have detailed reactions while the outer 3D flow can be reactive or non-reactive. The channel is discretized into 1D grid points and a parabolic solver is used to solve the species transport and energy equations inside the channel. The channel is assumed to have a plug flow but the flow and the mixture properties inside the channel can have the axial variations. Since, the channel walls are non-permeable; the two zones are coupled only through the heat transfer. The current approach is tested and validated for a series of problems with increasing complexities. First, the study is performed with non reactive flow inside the thin channels as well as in the outer flow. The study is then extended to have reactions inside the channels. The current predictions of the channel model are compared with 3D modeling of the channels. It has been shown the channel model predictions are in excellent match to the fully resolved model with much lesser computational cost
Elution, Detection, and Quantification of Polio I, Bacteriophages, Salmonella Montevideo, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Seeded Strawberries and Tomatoes

This study compared the effect of different physical and chemical treatments of strawberries and tomatoes to determine their ability to recover seeded viral and bacterial pathogens from produce surfaces. Solutions of salts, amino acids, complex media, and detergents were compared as eluants. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% Tween 80 eluted the highest number of seeded microorganisms. Elution with this defined solution was then compared under different conditions of physical agitation. Rotary shaking for 20 min at 36 degrees C eluted higher numbers of viruses and bacteria than did low- or high-speed stomaching. Commercially available and laboratory prepared bacteriological differential media were compared for their ability to recover and distinguish eluted Salmonella Montevideo and Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from seeded produce. The recovery of seeded bacterial pathogens was low when differential media containing selective ingredients were used (MacConkey sorbitol agar, XLD agar, MacConkey agar). Highest recoveries were obtained on a medium consisting of tryptic soy agar supplemented with sodium thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate compared with selective media that inhibited up to 50% of the growth of the eluted microorganisms.
GENETICS OF MOUSE GROWTH

During development, mammalian organisms increase in size until a limit is reached that is mainly determined by the rate and duration of occurrence of cellular divisions increasing total cell number. This process is mostly regulated by an orchestration of the actions of genes participating in pathways that promote or inhibit growth through systemic or local effects. This view of growth control genes and of their effects on the cell cycle has begun emerging from the results of transgenic and gene knockout experiments, which have also re-emphasized the central involvement of some growth factors and hormones in growth signaling, although mechanistic relationships and details about the coordination of growth with patterning, differentiation and morphogenesis continue to remain largely elusive.
Reflections on mental health advocacy across differing ecological levels

Background: According to the World Health Organization, mental health advocacy is comprised of a range of actions designed to change aspects of attitudes and structures that impede the achievement of positive mental health in populations. Methods: According to the World Health Organization, mental health advocacy is comprised of a range of actions designed to change aspects of attitudes and structures that impede the achievement of positive mental health in populations. Results: We have proposed interventions and advocacy effort for each ecological level. Project UPLIFT, a distance-delivered intervention for mental health is presented as an example of an effort that can affect several levels of the social ecology. Conclusions: Advocacy and interventions that make an effort to encompass the levels of the social-ecological model may contribute to greater progress in improving mental health outcomes.
Wave Propagation in Magnetized Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials

In this work we theoretically study light propagation in magnetized epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials. We reveal novel regimes of propagation, including optical isolation of circularly polarized waves and back-scattering immune surface wave propagation.
Denumerability of the Rational Number System

(1948). Denumerability of the Rational Number System. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 65-70.
The Military Academy as an Assimilating Institution

The problem of institutional mobilization is at issue here. For Sumner an institution is a group of functionaries set to act on specified contingencies. The problem in the psychiatric area is that the functionaries and the contingencies are still in process of definition. Nonmedical institutions (involving the "lay" therapists) respond to many of the same contingencies of mental and emotional health in the community as does psychiatry. Psychiatry and mental hygiene groups are involved in the active process of progressively defining the population which should be seeking out psychiatric attention. In this way the institutionalizing process goes on. In social crises, Iinstitutional forms rearrange. In times of crisis professional forms and functions may alter drastically, as may interprofessional relationships. The recent war, the growing explicit need for mental health care, the shortage of psychiatrists, and the increasing number of nonmedical persons trained in psychotherapy have combined to form a kind of therapeutic crisis. Historical prerogatives are being challenged by new functional possibilities. Thus, the basic framework of social processes of institutional development has guided us to the critical problems of adjustment of extra-mural psychiatry as it arose, as it is taking form, and as it is finding its place in contemporary society. Similarly oriented studies of other occupations and professions could provide useful comparative data. As Robert Park indicated, enlarging our own professional horizons by study of the institutions of work in society could provide an excellent means for the fuller understanding of modern social organization.
From Intervention to Innovation: A Cultural-Historical Approach to the Racialization of School Discipline

Youth from nondominant racial communities have been disproportionately subjected to exclusionary disciplinary actions for less serious and more subjective incidents in the United States. This racial disproportionality in school discipline is associated with negative academic and social outcomes, further exacerbating the historical marginalization of nondominant communities. Grounded in cultural-historical activity theory and informed by an interdisciplinary literature, this article presents a formative intervention methodology, Learning Lab, as means of designing culturally responsive behavioral support systems from the ground-up with—not for—local stakeholders. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Should Family Physicians Screen for Testosterone Deficiency in Men? No: Screening May Be Harmful, and Benefits Are Unproven

Testosterone testing leads to testosterone treatment, which is inappropriate for the vast majority of patients. Testosterone treatment should be reserved for patients who are truly hypogonadal.
The Safety Behavior Assessment Form: Development and Validation.

Objective To develop and validate an easy to administer measure of safety behaviors called the Safety Behavior Assessment Form (SBAF). Method We provide reliability and validity evidence from four studies. The first study used a cross-sectional design with a sample consisting of both clinical (U.S. military Veterans; n = 42) and nonclinical participants (undergraduates; n = 198). Study 2 used a cross-sectional design with a sample of U.S. military Veterans (n = 215). Study 3 used a pre-post treatment design with a sample of U.S. military Veterans (n = 42). Study 4 used a 2-time-point longitudinal design with a sample of undergraduates (n = 77). Results The SBAF demonstrated strong levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability in all four studies. The SBAF also demonstrated predictive and discriminant validity. In Study 3, the SBAF predicted anxious, but not depressive, treatment outcomes in a sample of Veterans. In Study 4, the SBAF predicted prospective changes in anxiety over a 2-week interval in a sample of undergraduates even after controlling for a competing measure of safety behaviors. Conclusion Results of these four studies indicate that the SBAF is a reliable and valid measure of safety behaviors that can be used in both clinical and nonclinical settings.
Point-Counter Point: Marketing Cigarettes in the U.S. and Canada and the Impact of Regulation

The tobacco Industry has been successful in making smoking socially acceptable for men and woman resulting in an ever-expanding global multibillion dollar business. Smoking has historically been attacked as a filthy habit, whether using chewing tobacco, pipes, and cigars. Cigarettes, the most common tobacco product, soil teeth and fingers and leave a pervasive, long-lasting odor in clothes, furnishings and hair. Smokers know that this habit does not improve long-term health prospects and that smoking frequently makes their throats sore, their breath bad and provokes coughing. Nonetheless, more than one-third of the global population over the age of 15 smokes, and they smoke 15 billion cigarettes a day.
Survival of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in Cheddar and Cottage Cheese.

Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni inoculated into Cheddar cheese milk at concentrations ranging from 102-106 cells per ml was not detectable in the curd after 30-60 d of curing. When milk for cottage cheese manufacture was inoculated with 105-106 cells of C. fetus subsp. jejuni , the organism was not detectable in the whey or curd after cooking for 30 min at 55°C.
Upper-Tropospheric Precursors to the Formation of Subtropical Cyclones that Undergo Tropical Transition in the North Atlantic Basin

AbstractThe opportunity to examine the structure and evolution of the various upper-tropospheric precursors to the formation of North Atlantic (NATL) subtropical cyclones (STCs) that undergo tropical transition (TT) motivates this study. Intraseasonal variability associated with the location and frequency of NATL STCs forming in the presence of similar upper-tropospheric features, as well as similarities and differences in the various upper-tropospheric precursors to the formation of NATL STCs that undergo TT, are examined. NATL STCs that undergo TT are categorized according to the upper-tropospheric features associated with their formation during 1979–2010 using the 0.5° NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset. This categorization allows for the documentation of the location and frequency of STCs forming in the presence of similar upper-tropospheric features and for the construction of cyclone-relative composites during the five days prior to STC formation.NATL STCs that undergo TT are separated ...
A review of dose-responses of probiotics in human studies.

The probiotic definition requires the administration of an ‘adequate amount’ in order to obtain a health benefit. What that amount should be is not indicated. Here, an overview is given of studies that investigated the dose-response relation of probiotics in human interventions. Studies were divided in; meta-analyses, meta-analyses on specific probiotic strains, and studies testing two or more doses of a probiotic (combination) in the same study. Meta-analyses on the effect of probiotics on antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD) suggest a dose-response effect; for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea on the other hand no dose-response was observed. For other end-points; such as necrotising enterocolitis, prevention of atopic dermatitis and slow intestinal transit, no dose-response relation was identified in meta-analyses. For prophylaxis in colorectal cancer and relief of irritable bowel syndrome, no dose-response relation was determined. However, for blood pressure, a meta-analysis observed that hig...
Seasonal home range dynamics and sex differences in habitat use in a threatened , coastal marsh bird

A comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal ecology is needed to develop conservation strategies for declining species. The king rail (Rallus elegans) is a secretive marsh bird whose range historically extended across the eastern United States. Inland migratory populations have been greatly reduced with most remaining populations inhabiting the coastal margins. Our objectives were to determine the migratory status of breeding king rails on the mid-Atlantic coast and to characterize home range size, seasonal patterns of movement, and habitat use. Using radiotelemetry, we tracked individual king rails among seasons, and established that at least a segment of this breeding population is resident. Mean (±SE) home range size was 19.8 ± 5.0 ha (95% kernel density) or 2.5 ± 0.9 (50% kernel density). We detected seasonal variation and sex differences in home range size and habitat use. In the nonbreeding season, resident male home ranges coincided essentially with their breeding territories. Overwintering males were more likely than females to be found in natural emergent marsh with a greater area of open water. Females tended to have larger home ranges than males during the nonbreeding season. We report for the first time the use of wooded natural marsh by overwintering females. Brood-rearing king rails led their young considerable distances away from their nests (average maximum distance: ~600 ± 200 m) and used both wooded natural and impounded marsh. King rails moved between natural marsh and managed impoundments during all life stages, but the proximity of these habitat types particularly benefitted brood-rearing parents seeking foraging areas with shallower water in proximity to cover. Our results demonstrate the importance of interspersion of habitat types to support resident breeders. Summer draining of impounded wetlands that are seasonally flooded for wintering waterfowl allows regrowth of vegetation and provides additional habitat at a critical time for wading birds.
Abstract 2817: Allelic Expression Imbalance Analysis in Heart Failure Samples Finds Novel cis-acting Alleles in ACE and SOD2

INTRODUCTION: Despite identification of probable candidate genes, elucidation of the genetic elements that influence human susceptibility to cardiovascular disease is elusive. Heterozygous SNPs in ...
TiO2 Pigments in Liquid Paints

TiO2 pigment particles must be well spaced in the dry paint film if they are to scatter light at optimal efficiency. This spacing is controlled by a number of factors, and here we consider those that are determined by the state of the pigment in the liquid paint. These factors can be split into two categories—those that enhance the attractions between pigment particles, and those that enhance their repulsion. The first category is primarily limited to van der Waals forces, although a suspension of particles with opposite surface charges will also experience attractive forces. Repulsions fall into two classifications—electrostatic repulsion, seen when all particles have a similar surface charge, and steric repulsion, which prevents bulky absorbed dispersant molecules on different TiO2 particles from co-occupying the same region in space. These forces are important during the production of a paint, during its storage (which can be under extreme temperature conditions), and during paint drying, with each of these stages representing a different challenge to the formulator. The degree to which these forces affect TiO2 particle dispersion can be measured by optical methods (especially on the liquid paint before and during drying) and microscopy.
Embedded Semantic Lexicon Induction with Joint Global and Local Optimization

Creating annotated frame lexicons such as PropBank and FrameNet is expensive and labor intensive. We present a method to induce an embedded frame lexicon in an minimally supervised fashion using nothing more than unlabeled predicate-argument word pairs. We hypothesize that aggregating such pair selectional preferences across training leads us to a global understanding that captures predicate-argument frame structure. Our approach revolves around a novel integration between a predictive embedding model and an Indian Buffet Process posterior regularizer. We show, through our experimental evaluation, that we outperform baselines on two tasks and can learn an embedded frame lexicon that is able to capture some interesting generalities in relation to hand-crafted semantic frames.
Making Change: Performance and the Workings of the Event

Performance and the Workings of the Event argues that performance calls forth and mobilizes an understanding of social change as a processual, episodic, and multilayered phenomenon rather than a one-time, revolutionary incident. Focusing on the Chilean students’ protest performances of 2011 I show how, by entangling body-based and mediated performance, students not only disrupted the status quo but actualized forms of collective becoming suppressed by neoliberal regimes.
A Data Mining Framework for Target Marketing.

In this paper we propose a theoretical data mining framework for automatic gathering of consumer data for companies interested in developing product prototypes based on customer needs and preferences; we also provide automatic methods for discovering the relationships between customers’ preferences and the product’s physical characteristics. The current framework is presented for the automotive industry, but it can be successfully implemented for any other applications where the customers’ preferences are taken into account for product design.
Value Maps, Drives, and Emotions

This chapter discusses value maps, drives, and emotions through the modeling of decision making, judgment, and choice. Ever the since the seminal work of Amos Tversky and Nobel Laureate Daniel Kahneman (Tversky and Kahneman 1974, 1981), it has been known that decision models based on rational maximization of expected utility do not capture the typical choices that people or nonhuman animals make in risky situations, even when extensive numerical or probabilistic information is available. Moreover, many of those choices tend to be strongly influenced by emotions and values in ways that are predictable, repeatable, and therefore amenable to theory development.
On Generators of the Module of Logarithmic 1-Forms with Poles Along an Arrangement

For each element X of codimension two of the intersection lattice of a hyperplane arrangement we define a differential logarithmic 1-forms ωX with poles along the arrangement. Then we describe the class of arrangements for which forms ωX generate the whole module of the logarithmic 1-forms with poles along the arrangement. The description is done in terms of linear relations among the functionals defining the hyperplanes. We construct a minimal free resolution of the module generated by ωX that in particular defines the projective dimension of this module. In order to study relations among ωX we construct free resolutions of certain ideals of a polynomial ring generated by products of linear forms. We give examples and discuss possible generalizations of the results.
Clinical Considerations in the Assessment of Young Handicapped Children

Early in my professional development, I worked in a special education cooperative that provided a variety of services, including psychoeducational assessment services, to an 11-county area in rural southeastern Texas. One day, my supervisor handed me the assignment of evaluating a young handicapped girl in a town 1½ half hours from the center. She was enrolled in a small community-supported program for developmentally delayed children. I was to provide her teacher with some practical information to assist in planning educational activities for the young girl.
Prenatal and Postnatal Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Alters Buffy Coat DNA Methylation Profile in Pigs

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of maternal long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation on the DNA methylation profile of offspring buffy coats. We demonstrated several methylated regions across the genome were influenced by maternal n-3 dietary treatment. Therefore, feeding n-3 fatty acids to sows during gestation and lactation may result in a DNA methylation imprint on offspring buffy coats that persists beyond the nursery phase and may alter the phenotype of the growing pig.
Carbocationic Polymerization: Copolymerization

Carbocationic copolymerizations are random polyaddition processes in which both propagating sites exhibit carbenium ion character.1, 2, 3 After having established the cationic polymerizability of a pair of monomers M1 and M2, the critical steps for copolymer synthesis are the crosspropagation reactions.
Social–Behavioral Interventions for Secondary-Level Students With High-Functioning Autism in Public School Settings: A Meta-Analysis:

The number of secondary-level students with high-functioning autism (HFA) served in public school settings has increased in recent years, and many of these students have difficulty with social–beha...
The Effect of Increased Audit Disclosure on Managerial Decision Making: Evidence from Disclosing Critical Audit Matters

We investigate whether and how a “critical audit matter” (CAM) disclosure affects managers’ real operating decisions in two contexts (issuing a loan that decreases versus increases the average risk profile of loan portfolios, or choosing to hedge versus speculate on commodity risk). We expect a CAM disclosure increases disclosure costs and implies expanded auditor support for both types of activities; but we expect implied auditor support to be valued more highly for risk-increasing than for risk-decreasing activities. As a result, we predict that a CAM disclosure decreases managers’ risk-decreasing activities (due to increased disclosure costs) more than managers’ risk-increasing activities (as the implied auditor support counteracts the increased disclosure costs). We find evidence consistent with our prediction across multiple experiments. Our study sheds light on unintended consequences of a CAM disclosure and provides insight to relevant parties as the new standard goes into effect.
Abstract P3-08-39: Pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients: Is obesity a predictive factor?

Background: Overweight and obesity are associated with greater disease-specific mortality and overall mortality in cancer patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers a unique setting to assess breast cancer chemosensitivity in vivo, and thus can help us understand why obesity is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The effect of increased Body mass index (BMI) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. Purpose: To review and analyze the association between BMI and pathological complete response (pCR) rate for operable breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Data sources: Pub Med and Cochrane Database to December 31, 2018 Study selection: We included observational studies and randomized trials that evaluated association of BMI with pCR in operable breast cancer patients that underwent NACT. Data extraction and analysis: Two authors independently extracted data and rated study quality; discrepancies were resolved through consensus. Results: We identified 13 studies including a total of 14179 women with operable breast cancer who underwent NACT. Among them, two studies were pooled analysis of prospective clinical trials (10622 patients); the rest were retrospective case control studies (3557 patients). The influence of categorical BMI on pCR after NACT was analyzed. All studies provided data with BMI divided into two subgroups (BMI Conclusion: Overweight and obese breast cancer patients had lower pCR rates compared to those with under-/normal weight. Further prospective studies may help to confirm this finding and to clarify underlying mechanisms. Citation Format: Haiyun Wang, Shijia Zhang, Douglas Yee, Heather Beckwith, David Potter, Anne Blaes. Pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients: Is obesity a predictive factor? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-39.
Genetic and economic analyses of sow replacement rates in the commercial tier of a hierarchical swine breeding structure.

Commercial-level sow replacement rates were investigated for a 10-yr planning horizon using a stochastic life-cycle swine production model. A three-tiered breeding structure was modeled for the production of market hogs in a three-breed static crossing scheme. Growth and reproductive traits of individual pigs were simulated using genetic, environmental, and economic parameters. Culling was after a maximum of 1, 5, or 10 parities in commercial levels within 1- and 5-parity nucleus and 1-, 5-, and 10-parity multiplier combinations. Yearly changes and average phenotypic levels were computed for pig and sow performance and economic measures. For growth traits, greater commercial level response was for systems with higher sow replacement rates, 110 to 115% of lowest response. Phenotypic changes in net returns ranged from $.85 to 1.01 x pig-1 x yr-1. Average growth performances were highest for systems with greatest genetic trend. Highest kilograms.sow-1 x year-1 finished was for 10-parity commercial alternatives. System differences in total costs and returns per pig resulted primarily from differences in replacement costs. Removal of the gilt system from analyses often reduced ranges among systems for economic measures by more than 70%. Systems with the lowest commercial replacement rates were most profitable. Within these systems, those with higher genetic change had highest net returns. For high replacement rates, no more than 175% of market value could be paid for gilts, but with lower sow replacement rates commercial units could justify as much as 450%.
Did Schrödinger have other options

Wave mechanics triumphed when Schrodinger published his now famous equation and showed how to describe Hydrogen-like atoms using it. However, while looking for the right equation, Schrodinger first explored, but did not publish, the equation that we today call the Klein-Gordon equation. An alternative possible choice is explored in this work. It is shown a quasi-relativistic wave equation which solutions match the Schrodinger's results at electron energies much smaller than the energy associated to the electron's mass, but include the relativistic Thomas correction at higher energies. A discussion is presented about several consequences that would follow from using this quasi-relativistic wave equation as a quantum mechanics foundational equation. It is also suggested the academic use of this equation for introducing the students to the implications of the special theory of relativity in introductory quantum mechanics courses.
Public Policy in a Pandemic: A Hazard-Control Perspective and a Case Study of the BCG Vaccine for COVID-19

The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in China in December 2019, quickly spreading to other parts of the world leading to a global pandemic. A number of potential interventions and treatments are being considered. However, in the midst of a pandemic, much early reporting can contain misleading and contradictory data. Thus, reliable information and reasoned perspectives by decision-makers must be attained to minimize the pandemic's current impact, as well as the impact in the likely second wave in the “flu season of 2020–2021.” One potential treatment is the use of booster doses of the Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine; this vaccine is mandatory at birth in many lower-income nations. In this article, using widely available and reliable data, the relationship of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) and the BCG vaccine's use on the impact of the virus is studied via statistical models. A strong association is seen between lower per-capita GDP and lower impact. Furthermore, a lower impact is witnessed in countries where the BCG vaccine is mandatory at birth, which suggests that clinical trials need to occur to determine the vaccine's efficacy. Perspectives in safety and risk mitigation needed for management of pandemics and similar events are also provided.
Re-Examination of Some Carbocations. Structures, Energies, and Charge Distributions

Chemists have had a long-standing interest in reactive intermediates such as carbenes, carbon radicals, carbanions, and carbocations. Carbocations are an interesting part of this group because of their tendency to undergo rearrangement, sometimes forming bridged ions, as well as their ability in many cases of spreading out the positive charge over several atoms. We have re-examined some of these cases using high-level compound procedures, W1BD and G4, as well as by considering the charge distributions making use of the Hirshfeld method that has been shown to uniquely correlate with several types of experimental data.
A note on circuit lower bounds from derandomization.

We present an alternate proof of the result by Kabanets and Impagliazzo that derandomizing polynomial identity testing implies circuit lower bounds. Our proof is simpler, scales better, and yields a somewhat stronger result than the original argument.
Is the erythropoietin-erythroferrone-hepcidin axis intact in human neonates?

Abstract In a two-part process, we assessed elements of the principal hormonal pathway regulating iron homeostasis in human neonates. Part 1: Quantifying erythropoietin (Epo), erythroferrone (ERFE), hepcidin, and relevant serum and erythrocytic iron-related metrics in umbilical cord blood from term (n = 13) and preterm (n = 10) neonates, and from neonates born to mothers with diabetes and obesity (n = 13); Part 2: Quantifying serum Epo, ERFE, and hepcidin before and following darbepoetin administration. Part 1: We measured Epo, ERFE and hepcidin in all cord blood samples. Epo and ERFE levels did not differ between the three groups. Preterm neonates had the lowest hepcidin levels, while neonates born to diabetic women with a very high BMI had the lowest ferritin and RET-He levels. Part 2: Following darbepoetin dosing, ERFE levels generally increased (p
Fluoroquinolones vs. amoxicillin-clavulanate or ampicillin-sulbactam were not linked to aortic aneurysm or dissection.

SOURCE CITATION Dong YH, Chang CH, Wang JL, et al. Association of infections and use of fluoroquinolones with the risk of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180:1587-95. 32897358.
A longitudinal study of sustainability attitudes, intentions, and behaviors

Event managers are attempting to reduce their environmental impact but have difficulty in managing stakeholders’ behaviors. Yet, event managers have no guidelines to properly engage stakeholders to improve attitudes towards sustainability or evaluate the effectiveness of current communication strategies to convey the parent organization’s prioritization of sustainability initiatives. This research extends and evaluates the fit for the entire Sport Sustainability Campaign Evaluation Model (SSCEM) longitudinally using a sport event’s (the Games’) comprehensive environmental sustainability initiative across multiple campaigns (waste diversion, transportation, energy conservation, and water conservation). Data was gathered (both pre- and post-Games) from caregivers (N = 182) of intellectually disabled athletes who attended the Games. The structural model fit adequately well (RMSEA = 0.072; χ2/df = 1.64). Our results demonstrate the necessary elements to successfully design such messaging campaigns to engage and promote sustainable behaviors at events and how such campaigns can influence sustainability and advocacy behaviors beyond the event in local communities.
COVID-19 and Liability Waivers (Comment)

This brief note examines the enforceability of COVID-19 workplace waivers, potential causes of action against employers sounding in tort law, and intersectionalities of federal legislation with state tort law.
Perceived appropriateness of medication adherence incentives.

BACKGROUND: 50% of prescriptions dispensed in the United States are not taken as prescribed, leading to approximately 125,000 deaths and 10% of hospitalizations per year. Incentives are effective i...
The Minority AD: Creativity in Audio Descriptions of Visual Art.

Several studies have described the most frequent features of visual art audio description (AD), but less frequent or minority features have received less attention. This article offers a description and discussion of minority features in visual art AD as instances of more creative practices that can foster a variety of experiences for the diversity of users of this type of intersemiotic translation. For this purpose, a qualitative analysis of a multilingual corpus of visual art ADs and their context of creation and implementation was carried out, drawing on Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar (1987/2008) and its further development by Croft and Cruse (2004). The results show that some ADs conceptualize the artwork as a process and utilize an internal viewpoint. The focus of attention is sometimes shifted to the technique or the subjective impressions elicited by the work, with a few ADs showing especially high levels of subjectivity. In a group of ADs, universal accessibility translates into low specificity, understood as the amount of information and detail. The prevalent constitution of the work is altered so the identification is postponed, and the interconnections between the visual components are profiled. The typical general-to-specific progression is not followed and, instead, the AD imitates the artwork’s composition. In a small number of ADs, the location of the visual components is not conveyed through lexis but implied in the discourse sequence, while the paralinguistic features of voice tempo, tone, and intensity are utilized to translate the composition and sensory impressions elicited by the artwork.
Numerical simulation of unsteady biomedical flows

Solutions of unsteady internal flows which are of interest in biomedical studies are presented. Pulsatile flows in a channel with a step constriction and in a cylindrical duct with closed end were examined. The steady motion was imposed by the time variation of the inflow axial velocity. The solution was obtained for laminar flow and low Mach number. The low Mach number compressible solution in a channel with a step construction was in good agreement with the incompressible LDV measurements. The velocities in the confined duct were in good agreement with numerical results presented in the literature. The authors demonstrated the ability of the numerical scheme to capture complex unsteady phenomena such as large separated regions and vortical structures, whose study is of interest in biomechanics. >
Similarity Based Classification

We describe general conditions for data classification which can serve as a unifying framework in the study of kernel based Machine Learning Algorithms. From these conditions we derive a new algorithm called SBC (for Similarity Based Classification), which has attractive theoretical properties regarding underfitting, overfitting, power of generalization, computational complexity and robustness. Compared to classical algorithms, such as Parzen windows and non-linear Perceptrons, SBC can be seen as an optimized version of them. Finally it is a conceptually simpler and a more efficient alternative to Support Vector Machines for an arbitrary number of classes. Its practical significance is illustrated through a number of benchmark classification problems.
Police Officer, Deal-Maker, or Health Care Provider? Moving to a Patient-Centered Framework for Chronic Opioid Management

How we frame our thoughts about chronic opioid therapy greatly influences our ability to practice patient-centered care. Even providers who strive to be nonjudgmental may approach clinical decision-making about opioids by considering if the pain is real or they can trust the patient. Not only does this framework potentially lead to poor or unshared decision-making, it likely adds to provider and patient discomfort by placing the provider in the position of a police officer or a judge. Similarly, providers often find themselves making deals with patients using a positional bargaining approach. Even if a compromise is reached, this framework can potentially inadvertently weaken the therapeutic relationship by encouraging the idea that the patient and provider have opposing goals. Reframing the issue can allow the provider to be in a more therapeutic role. As recommended in the American Pain Society/American Academy of Pain Medicine guidelines, providers should decide whether the benefits of opioid therapy are likely to outweigh the harms for a specific patient (or sometimes, for society) at a specific time. This article discusses how providers can use a benefit-to-harm framework to make and communicate decisions about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of opioids for managing chronic nonmalignant pain. Such an approach focuses decisions and discussions on judging the treatment, not the patient. It allows the provider and the patient to ally together and make shared decisions regarding a common goal. Moving to a risk-benefit framework may allow providers to provide more patient-centered care, while also increasing provider and patient comfort with adequately monitoring for harm.
Minimizing Phase Noise Variation in CMOS Ring Oscillators

The variation of phase noise across the frequency of operation of a CMOS ring oscillator is described analytically. The delay element of the ring oscillator considered comprises of a source-coupled differential pair with an active load element. In this circuit topology where the frequency of oscillation is varied by changing the resistance of the load, theory derived in this work predicts that phase noise will remain constant if constant output swing is maintained. Such an oscillator is designed in a 0.5 μm CMOS process and the simulation results verify the theoretical analysis. Consequently, an oscillator design methodology is provided that dramatically reduces the phase noise optimization problem to just one frequency within the oscillator's output frequency range.
Back to the Future: The Curious Case of United States v. Jones

Historically, the Supreme Court has couched the protections of the Fourth Amendment in the language of privacy and property. Yet expectations about freedom from government interference are no longer solely expressed in those terms. People routinely trade their privacy or property interests for complimentary e-mail services or faster toll crossings, and yet unfettered access to such information strikes many observers as contrary to the Fourth Amendment’s core values. If neither privacy nor property theories provide a constitutional basis for oversight, however, then what does?In Jones, the Justices were confronted with just this dilemma. In response, as this Essay will show, roughly half of the Justices followed Justice Scalia into the shelter of originalism. The other half, led by Justice Alito, ventured a bit more boldly into the great unknown, but ultimately punted responsibility to a coordinate branch. Only Justice Sotomayor made a first attempt at tackling the problem, but she wrote alone. Regrettably, none of the opinions offered lasting guidance to lower courts, much less to law enforcement actors. Nevertheless, this essay argues that each is still notable for some aspect of what it conveys. Moreover, it closes by postulating that Jones is most interesting for what it didn’t say — press reports proclaiming "warrant needed for GPS tracking!" notwithstanding.
CONSTRUCTING CROSS-CULTURAL THEORIES IN CRIMINOLOGY

Over the past twenty years, researchers have, once again, discovered the benefits of studying a phenomenon cross-culturally, and a revival of the method is currently underway. However, criminologists currently use the method to determine the scope and generalizability of their theories, which were orginally developed for use in one particular culture. Due to problems in this approach, their activities have been met with varied success. The purpose of this article is to examine the use of the cross-cultural research method in constructing and testing criminological theories. The article will distinguish between the use of a method to determine a theory's scope and generalizability (Evaluative Approach) and the use of the method to construct explanatory models designed to transcend cultural boundaries (Generative Approach). The article will conclude with a detailed discussion of the latter.
Some general outlines of the matrix of developmental changes between five and seven years

This paper discusses ail exploration of the large literature of develop mental change over the age range from five to seven years. The analysis was set in motion by some findings of change in children's learning in this age range (White, 1966a) and its ultimate aim is to try to understand the mechanisms of children's learning in a broad context . . . that is, in the context of the cognitive and developmental mechanisms which regulate what the child can absorb from his experience. I have been led by the analysis into some newer research lines, an attempt to survey the co incidence of a number of behavior changes in the same child (Super and White, 1970), and some studies of children's ability to order series of pictures into a representation of a temporal sequence (White and Evans, 1970), but I will speak here primarily about the literature analysis. One good justification for a literature review in this age range is the situation created by the sheer diversity and quantity of reported research findings. That diversity makes it impossible for any research program to explore all the signs of change at this time, and it has led to some segrega tion among channels of facts and hypotheses dealing with the age range. In the present paper, continuing several previous efforts (White, 1965, 1966b, 1968), I hope to explore further the literature of change. To a psychologist, what is most interesting about this age range is its association with the emergence in some strength of adult-like powers of reasoning, symbolization, or operational thought. Historically, psycholo gists have sustained a largely-frustrated preoccupation with the analysis of man's higher faculties. We have had diverse theories about them. We have had a psychometry of intelligence. We have had a polyglot research literature on reasoning, abstraction, concept formation, and symbolism. And yet it all does not seem to have jelled into a satisfying and cohesive picture. Now we find, again and again in the literature, the conclusion that a higher level of thought is emergent in the seven year old, that con clusion arising out of a hundred-odd particularities of behavior change. The theoretical possibilities offered by this have already been signifi cantly capitalized upon by developmental theorists. We owe many of our
The behavior of the dilution factors for a spherical anomaly in the theory of induced polarization

In the theory of induced electrical polarization, a dilution factor, B, is a measure of the sensitivity of the apparent resistivity of an object to changes in the apparent resistivities of other objects. Intuitively, one would expect B to exhibit two characteristics: when measured far away from an object, B should be small; and when measured inside a large object, far away from all interfaces, B should be close to unity. Surprisingly, the second expectation is not always met. It is shown that actual behavior becomes clear on consideration of the action of charges within the object. It is demonstrated that the departure of the apparent resistivity from its DC value is dominated by the departure of the more resistive medium. >
Motor vehicle crashes and seat belts: A study of emergency physician procedures, charges, and documentation

Study objective: To study emergency physician documentation of seat belt use, practice patterns, and changes for patients with different restraints involved in motor vehicle crashes. Design: Retrospective examination of 2,239 emergency department records during a 5-month period. Participants: Patients from four community EDs and one Level I trauma center ED. Results: Documentation of seat belt use for motor vehicle crash occupants was reported in 70% of the ED records reviewed. Only 64.5% of the records from the four community hospital EDs recorded seat belt use, compared with 81.7% of the records from the trauma center ED ( P P P P P Conclusion: Emergency physician practice patterns reflect the distribution of injuries associated with seat belt use and nonuse. Reduced physician charges for belted patients contributed to health care cost savings. Emergency physicians should be encouraged to consistently obtain and record whether an individual was wearing a seat belt during a motor vehicle crash.
Giant Fusiform Aneurysm Presenting as Fatal Basilar Artery Occlusion

Fusiform aneurysms are often asymptomatic, and therefore their actual incidence is unknown. Ischemic stroke has been linked to dislodgment of small thrombi formed inside the aneurysm but is uncommon. This article describes two patients with rapidly fatal infarction in the entire pons, both cerebellar hemispheres, thalamus, and occipital lobes, findings consistent with occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery complex. In both patients, autopsies revealed a giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery.
A generalization of the Iterated Logarithm Law for weighted sums with infinite variance

A generalization of the classical Law of the Iterated Logarithm (LIL) is obtained for the weighted i.i.d. case consisting of sequences {σnYn} where the weights {σn} are nonzero constants and {Yn} are i.i.d. random variables. If Y is symmetric but not necessarily square integrable and if the weights satisfy a certain growth rate, conditions are given which guarantee that {σnYn} obey a Generalized Law of the Iterated Logarithm (GLIL) in the sense that \(\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \sum\limits_1^n {\sigma _j } Y_j /a_n = 1\) almost certainly for some positive conslants an. Teicher has shown that such weights entail the classical LIL when EY2<∞ and Feller has treated the GLIL when σn=1 and EY2=∞. The main finding here asserts that if {qn} satisfies qn2=nG(qn)loglogqnwhere G is a specified slowly varying function, asymptotically equivalent to the truncated second moment of Y, and if a certain series converges, then the GLIL obtains with \(a_n = (2/n)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} s_n q_n \) where \({\text{s}}_{\text{n}}^{\text{2}} = \sum\limits_1^n {\sigma _j^2 } \).
The hard sphere ’’glass transition’’

We investigate the existence of a glass transition for the systems of hard spheres studied in computer simulations of molecular dynamics. An empirical best‐fit equation of state is established for the metastable (supercooled or supercompressed) hard sphere liquid. Configurational thermodynamic properties are calculated from this, and their significance is discussed. Evidence is presented to support the proposition that a system of hard spheres exhibits a phenomenon similar to a glass transition in which ’’glass formation’’ is purely a kinetic phenomenon. For hard spheres there is no underlying second order transition temperature T2. The effective ’’cooling rate’’ associated with these computer simulations of molecular dynamics is investigated and found to be enormous (∼1011 deg/sec). The implications of these results with respect to the configurational entropy theory of the glass transition are discussed.