cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The biological activity of Leptotrichia buccalis endotoxin.

Abstract Endotoxin obtained from Leptotrichia buccalis was found to have potent biological activity. New Zealand white female rabbits were used as the experimental animal. The parameters studied were ld 50 , febrile and leukocytic responses, and the dermal Shwartzman reaction. The ld 50 of Lept. buccalis was 93.15 μg/kg with 95 per cent confidence limits of 66.44 and 131.00 μg/kg. Formal probit analysis revealed that the Lept. buccalis endotoxin, compared to Escherichia coli endotoxin, had a relative potency of 19.45 per cent with 95 per cent confidence limits of 13.50 per cent and 28.01 per cent. Lept. buccalis endotoxin was pyrogenic when administered intravenously in a quantity of 0.039 μg/kg, whereas E. coli endotoxin was pyrogenic in a quantity of 0.009 μg/kg. Parallel line bioassay methods applied to the febrile dose-response relationship of the toxins showed that, compared to E. coli, Lept. buccalis had a potency of 11.47 per cent with 95 per cent confidence limits of 9.69 per cent and 13.63 per cent. The quantity of endotoxin necessary to elicit a fever index of 40 cm 2 was estimated as 0.285 μg/kg and 2.099 μg/kg for E. coli and Lept. buccalis endotoxins, respectively. A significant correlation was found between febrile response and fever index. The quantity of endotoxin needed to produce a 50 per cent reduction in circulating leucocytes was estimated as 0.030 μg/kg and 0.213 μg/kg for E. coli and Lept. buccalis , respectively. According to this bioassay, Lept. buccalis endotoxin had a relative potency of 20–37 per cent, with 95 per cent confidence limits of 9.15 per cent and 43.60 per cent. The dermal Shwartzman reaction revealed that both E. coli and Lept. buccalis endotoxins contained preparatory and provocative factors. E. coli endotoxin was somewhat more potent, and heparin treatment prevented the Shwartzman reactions. The theoretical implications of the presence of endotoxin in Lept. buccalis are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of this micro-organism, and Vincent's necrotizing stomatitis.
The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on electrical self stimulation of the brain during hypoxia.

Abstract The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on electrical self stimulation of the brain during hypoxia. Rats implanted with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus were trained to self stimulate. Eighteen animals were injected with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and eighteen with saline one hour prior to exposure to 8% oxygen for two hours. The performance of both groups declined in hypoxia. One hour following the onset of 8% oxygen, the animals that received the drug responded at a significantly higher rate than controls. Another group of 9 rats that had been prepared with arterial catheters was exposed to 8% oxygen before and after being treated with the drug. Arterial samples showed that the treated animals had a significantly lower pH than the controls both in air and hypoxia.
Gallium nitride past, present, and future

Gallium nitride (GaN) has been known for some time. The first US Government research funding began in 1970 with substantial increases in 1982 and again in 1993 and 1995. While the biggest initial commercial interest is in visible light emission, there will be substantial commercial and governmental use of ultra violet (UV) applications as well. It is, however, in the microwave and the millimeter wave spectrum where GaN will engender new systems enabling applications. It is here where anticipated fully digital signal synthesis and beam steering technology will require broadband, linear, efficient amplifiers with moderate power levels; GaN currently appears to be the most promising candidate semiconductor for such amplifiers.
Development and Regression of Visceral Artery Aneurysms following Liver Transplantation: Case Report

We describe a case of spontaneous development and regression of two visceral artery aneurysms in a patient with a liver transplant. We speculate on etiologies and regression modes which occurred over a few months. The regression rate of visceral aneurysms is unknown.
An Unidentified Growth Factor in Distillers’ Dried Solubles Essential for the Chick

Abstract NUMEROUS investigations concerning new and unidentified growth factors for chicks have been conducted in recent years. These have been reviewed by Hutchings, et al. (1946), Rubin and Bird (1946a) and Petering, et al. (1946). Carrick, et al. (1940) presented evidence for the presence of unidentified growth factors in commerical casein which could be extracted with ethanol and ether. Johnson, et al. (1942) showed that there was a factor present in casein and liver meal which was distinct from vitamin A, vitamin D, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, choline and pyridoxine. Synold, et al. (1943) demonstrated that distillers’ dried solubles contained the unidentified growth factor that is present in commercial casein as well as other growth factors found in dried skimmilk. A continuation of these studies is reported in this paper. EXPERIMENTAL A series of trials were conducted to obtain evidence whether distillers’ dried solubles contain a growth factor which is distinct . . .
Mössbauer effect in B8 alloys of nickel with 121Sb and 119Sn

Abstract Nickel forms intermetallic compounds of the B8 (NiAs-Ni2In) structure with antimony (NiSb), tin (Ni3Sn2), and germanium (Ni3Ge2). A continuous solid solution of the same structure type exists between NiSb and(Ni3Sn2) and, as discovered in the present study, between NiSb and (Ni3Sn2). Both 119Sn and 121Sb Mossbauer effect measurements have been made on a series of compositions of the Ni-Sn-Sb ternary system, and the 121Sb spectra have been taken for a series from the Ni-Ge-Sb ternary system. The isomer shifts for both 119Sn and 121Sb show systematic variations within the first series, consistent with partial transfer of valence electrons from the non-transition metals to nickel. The isomer shifts for 121Sb in the Ge system are identical within experimental error with corresponding samples from the Sn system. Additional alloys have been studied to clarify the electron transfer occurring in these systems.
Exercise termination effects on food intake, plasma insulin, and adipose lipoprotein lipase activity in the Osborne-Mendel rat

Thirteen-week-old male, Osborne-Mendel rats were exercised for 6 weeks on a motorized treadmill. Exercise depressed weight gain and cumulative light cycle food intake while cumulative dark cycle and 24-hour total food intake were unaffected. Rats in sedentary and exercise groups were killed 24 hours after the last bout of exercise to assess the effects of chronic exercise and at 48, 60, 72, and 84 hours to determine the effects of exercise termination. Compared to sedentary controls, exercise decreased plasma insulin, epididymal and retroperitoneal depot weight and cell size, and retroperitoneal lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Forty-eight hours after exercise, plasma insulin concentration increased to sedentary levels. By 60 hours, dark cycle food intake was increased above and adipose LPL activity was comparable to sedentary levels. At 84 hours postexercise termination, dark cycle food intake, plasma triglyceride, and epididymal LPL activity per depot and per cell were significantly greater than sedentary values. Exercise termination resulted in a preparatory response for rapid lipid deposition probably arising from increased food intake, plasma insulin, and enhanced LPL activity within 84 hours following termination of exercise.
Plinian eruptions and their products

Plinian eruptions are amongst the most powerful of explosive volcanic events, and the extensive pumice deposits which they produce have an exceptionally wide dispersal because of the great eruptive plume height. Historical data on 12 plinian eruptions, and available quantitative data on the deposits of these and 37 other plinian eruptions are collated in this review to characterise further the plinian eruptive style and its products and to establish the known limits of their variation. The deposit volumes have been recomputed according to a standard procedure to provide a better basis for comparison, and they vary over 4 orders of magnitude to reach a maximum of about 100 km3. Almost all volcanic magma compositions apart from the most mafic are represented among the juvenile products; rhyolitic and dacitic deposits account for 80% of the total volume and basaltic ones less than 1%. Compositional zoning is very common. Plinian eruptions are of open vent type and produce deposits which tend to be homogeneous in grain size and constitution through their thickness. Considerable departures from homogeneity often however exist. Finer grained beds which often interrupt the continuity can be produced by a number of different mechanisms, the features of which are summarised. In a significant proportion of plinian deposits the finer beds are the deposits of intraplinian pyroclastic flows, or are related to such flows; pyroclastic flows such as may be attributable to column collapse thus do not form exclusively at the end of the plinian phase. The most recent work indicates that major phreatoplinian eruptions dominated by the copious inflow of water into the vent can produce deposits quite as widely dispersed and as voluminous as the biggest plinian eruptions, and it appears that the characteristics of the grain size populations of the two types tend to converge in the most powerful eruptions.
Helium isotope ratios in Ethiopian Rift basalts

Abstract Helium isotope ratios were measured in olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts from basalts of the Ethiopian Rift Valley and Afar Depression between 6° and 15°N and 37° and 43°E. 3He/4He ratios range from 6 to 17 times the atmospheric value (RA = 1.4 × 10−6), that is, from ratios less than typical MORB (depleted mantle) helium (R/RA= 8 ± 1) to ratios similar to high-3He hotspots and to the Yellowstone hotspot (R/RA= 16.5). The high 3He/4He ratios occur all along the Ethiopian Rift and well up into the Afar Depression, with a maximum value of 17.0 RA at 8°N in the Rift Axis and a high value of 14.2 RA in the central Tat'Ali sector of the Afar Depression. The ratios decrease to MORB-like values near the edge of the Red Sea, and to sub-MORB ratios (5–6 RA) at the northern end of the Rift (Zula Peninsula) and at the southern end, at lakes Abaya and Chamo. The Ethiopian Rift provides the only continental hotspot terrain in which helium isotope ratios can be compared in detail between volcanic lavas and associated geothermal and volcanic gases, a primary motivation for this work. Comparison with our previously measured ratios in fluids and gases (range 2–15 RA) shows excellent agreement in the areas sampled for both lavas and fluids, and indicates that high-temperature volcanic fluids can be used for establishing helium isotope signatures in such terrains. The high-3He values in both fluids and basalts show that a Primitive Mantle (PM) component is required and that a Lower Mantle High-3He plume is strongly involved as a driving force in the rifting process of the East African Rift System.
An eight noded composite plate element for the dynamic analysis of spatial mechanism systems

The development of a shear-deformable laminated plate element, based on the Mindlin plate theory, for use in large reference displacement analysis is presented. The element is sufficiently general to accept an arbitrary number of layers and an arbitrary number of orthotrophic material property sets. Coordinate mapping is utilized so that non-rectangular elements may be modeled. The Gauss quadrature method of numerical integration is utilized to evaluate volume integrals. A comparative study is done on the use of full Gauss quadrature, reduced Gauss quadrature, mixed Gauss quadrature, and closed form integration techniques for the element. Dynamic analysis is performed on the RSSR (Revolute-Spherical-Spherical-Revolute) mechanism, with the coupler modeled as a flexible plate. The results indicate the differences in the dynamic response of the transverse shear deformable eight-noded element as compared to a four-noded plate element. Dynamically induced stresses are examined, with the results indicating that the primary deformation mode of the eight-noded Mindlin plate model being bending.
The most common phenotypes of sensitization to inhalant allergens in childhood

Summary Background Atopic individuals are frequently sensitized to a limited number of certain allergens, although most of them are exposed to multiple inhalant allergens in daily life. Objective We investigated the hypothesis that observed common patterns of sensitization might occur with similar frequency within two independent study populations of school-children. Methods The results were derived from skin-prick tests conducted on two large samples of children (study 1:n= 583; study 2: n= 1099) examined with the same panel of six inhalant allergens. Results In order to ensure that the comparison was uniform, the younger subpopulation of study 1 (n= 147) was compared with the sample of study 2 (n= 374). The highest frequency for monosensitization was found for sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (study 1: 18.4%, study 2: 20.3%), followed by monosensitization to grass pollens (study 1: 12.2%; study 2: 8.8%). Using multiple logistic regression for each specific sensitization, a significantly increased relative risk of sensitization to hazel pollens (study 1 OR 5.9; study 2 OR: 24.3) appeared to be associated with sensitization to birch pollens. The same applied to dog dander (study 1 OR: 7.3; study 2 OR: 2.6), which showed an association with sensitization to cat dander. Conclusion In summary, our data suggest that certain clusters of monosensitization and polysensitization to common inhalant allergens exist among a given population. This may well be a reflection of diversity in disposition to specific sensitization and/or antigen crossreactivity. From a practical point of view the data also might help in counselling parents of allergic children.
Advanced Launch System (ALS) actuation and power systems impact operability and cost

A brief status review of the Advanced Launch System (ALS) is given. The use of electrical actuation integrated with a single-vehicle electrical power system and controls for all actuation and avionic requirements is highlighted. This technology will help attain the ALS primary goals of reduced costs ($300/lb Earth to LEO (low Earth orbit)) and improved operability by significantly reducing the launch operations and servicing requirements relative to current vehicle designs and practices. Six candidate government-supported programs that are involved in the relevant technologies or that could have significant applications for electric actuators and an integrated power-distribution and control system are listed with a brief explanation and description of noteworthy technology. >
Design of an exoskeleton as a finger-joint angular sensor

Estimation of joint angles for human joints is important for many applications in Bioengineering. Most of the existing angular joint sensors rely on the assumption of the knowledge of the type of motion and location of the joint. This paper presents a new design for the measurement of finger joint angular motion. The design presented here consists of an exoskeleton, designed to fit the finger motion, in which we can relate the angular displacement of its links to the change in orientation of the phalanx under consideration. Unlike other designs, the exoskeleton does not need any information about the actual anatomy and dimensions of the hand in order to provide with the angular information. The design is to be used in myoelectrical signal identification.
From Sultaniyeh to Tashkent Scrolls: Euclidean Constructions of Two Nine- and Twelve-Pointed Interlocking Star Polygon Designs

In this paper we will explore two nine- and twelvepointed Islamic star polygon patterns consisting of “nearly regular ” nine-pointed, regular twelve-pointed and irregularlyshaped pentagonal star polygons. The two designs are similar in that they may both be classified mathematically as being p6m patterns with the major star polygons placed in identical locations within each layout; however, the structure of the major stars is quite different. Both of the patterns considered here are of Persian origin. The first design may be found as a repeat unit sketch of the Tashkent Scrolls, and exists as a Timurid-style stone inlay and mosaic tiling in India. The second pattern may be found as Plate 120 of Bourgoin’s Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design and exists as a stucco/plasterwork ceiling in the Mausoleum of Sultan Oljaytu in Sultaniyeh, Iran, as well as numerous other locations across the Islamic world. Both patterns may be recreated via plausible Euclidean “point-joining” constructions (that is, using only the methods available to medieval artisans) in an attempt to ascertain how the original designers of these patterns may have determined the proportion and placement of the stars.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF NONHOMOGENEITY IN A LIQUID-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED OF SMALL PARTICLES

Experiments were conducted to study the behavior of a two-dimensional liquid-solid fluidized bed containing small particles. A photographic method was used in these experiments. The bed characteristics studied included the following: voidage distribution; voidage fluctuation: liquid void distribution; and particle velocity distribution.
High current pulse generator for gain switching semiconductor lasers

A high current, nanosecond pulse generator using step recovery diodes is described. This generator is useful for driving low impedance loads such as laser diodes. A unique pulsed biasing scheme is employed to provide a pulse generator with very flexible pulse parameters.
Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE) is a rare childhood condition of unknown etiology characterized by a morbilliform rash that usually begins in the axilla and spreads centrifugally. The condition is usually self-limited, does not require specific treatment, and disappears within 4 to 6 weeks. Pruritus may be relieved by oral antihistamines and topical emollients and/or bath oils. We describe ULE in a 6-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the first report of ULE in a patient with malignancy.
Label-free biosensor by protein grating coupler on planar optical waveguides

We report a diffraction-based, label-free biosensor on the surface of a planar optical waveguide. By selectively immobilizing proteins on an optical waveguide, the proteins can form the ridge/valley of a latent image optical grating. Binding events with patterned surface proteins dynamically increase grating height and cause an increase in light coupling out of the waveguide. We demonstrate the efficacy of this strategy for protein detection and present the design and fabrication of a device.
Resilient aromaticity in lead–indium clusters

The electronic structure of two particularly stable lead–indium clusters, namely PbIn3- and Pb2In2, has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles electronic structure calculations. Our studies reveal an enhanced stability of both PbIn3- and Pb2In2 clusters that can be classified within ‘all-metal aromaticity’. These clusters possess large gaps between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (1.34 and 1.45 eV, respectively). Further, we show that despite the difference in electronegativities for lead and indium, the aromatic behavior is retained, and in the case of Pb2In2, aromaticity remains even after changes to the atomic arrangement of the planar cluster.
Architectural evaluation of beam-steered shuffle optical interconnect

We report on a reconfigurable optical interconnection approach in which static communication graphs are extracted from high level programs and are mapped onto a two stage optical beam-steered/perfect shuffle interconnect. An array of processing elements (PEs) is partitioned into functional units of equal size that are served by one optical input/output (I/O) port per PE. PEs within a functional unit can use any of the optical I/O ports served by that functional unit. An optical beam-steering mechanism in conjunction with an optical perfect shuffle interconnects the functional units. At the highest level, computer programs are written in the Id dataflow programming language. At the next level, dataflow graphs (communication graphs that represent the natural parallelism in a computation) are automatically extracted from the high-level programs. At the lowest level, the dataflow graphs are mapped onto the optical beam-steered/perfect shuffle interconnect. This mapping step is facilitated by a mechanism that redirects optical beams to that the physical interconnect takes the form of the dataflow graph. An intended application is to create low latency realizations of specialized hardware on-the-fly, such as for rapid prototyping. An advantage of this approach over competing all-electronic or static free-space optical interconnection approaches is that the optical interconnect has low depth (two stages) with low fan-out (typically 1 to 3). In previous work, the behaviors of the mappings are studied for randomly generated dataflow graphs. In the work reported here, the behaviors of the mappings are studied for extracted dataflow graphs. We conclude that this interconnection approach is effective for extracted dataflow graphs, using only a single pass through the network, if the interconnect is augmented with a small crossbar within each functional unit.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Practical upper limits of the optical extinction coefficients of aerosols.

The optical extinction coefficients of some common spherical-particle aerosols are compared to practical upper limits estimated from the Mie theory for the visible and ir wavelength regions. Equations are developed to relate required refractive indices of aerosol materials to wavelength, particle size, and other parameters, so that the practical upper limit of the extinction coefficient is obtained. Some common aerosols, e.g., phosphorus smoke and sulfuric acid mists, are found to give extinction coefficients approaching the practical limit in the far ir (8-13 microm).
Impact of high-power stress on dynamic ON-resistance of high-voltage GaN HEMTs

United States. Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. Agile Delivery of Electrical Power Technology
Development of a Modern Watt-Hour Meter

A comprehensive discussion of the factors affecting the performance of a watt-hour meter is presented in this paper, and the general discussion is applied to a description of the development of a new type of domestic watt-hour meter. Design and performance data on the new meter also are presented.
Coagulase-negative staphylococcal disease: emerging therapies for the neonatal and pediatric patient.

Purpose of reviewDue to the high frequency, significant clinical impact, and cost of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections, a great deal of effort continues in the investigation of the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection in the neonate and in
Norms, expectations, and deception: A norm violation model of veracity judgments

Violations of expectations have been advanced as an explanation for how people make veracity judgments, and previous research has found that unexpected weird behavior is rated as less honest than expected normal behavior. The current experiment (N = 128) varied norms and expectations independently to test four alternative models of veracity judgments. The models included a normative expectation model, an expectancy violation sufficient model, a model based on Expectancy Violation Theory, and a norm violation model. The data were consistent with a norm violation model. Aberrant behavior, whether expected or unexpected, was rated as less honest than normative behavior. Neither expectation violation nor actual message veracity affected deception judgments. These data provide additional evidence of the primacy of behavior over prior expectations in the evaluation of face to face communication.
Factor xii deficiency with systemic lupus erythematosus

A patient with Factor XII (Hageman) deficiency and fulminant systemic lupus erythematosus is presented. The Factor XII deficiency was noted prior to the onset of clinical systemic lupus erythematosus and persisted throughout the patient's course without associated hemorrhagic manifestations. There was no evidence for a circulating anticoagulant. The patient had a rapidly progressive fatal course unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy. Factor XII levels did not increase during therapy with steroids. Despite absence of Hageman factor, evidence for activation of complement by the classic pathway and thromboembolic phenomenon was observed. The role of Factor XII in coagulation and inflammatory pathways and the influence of the factor deficiency on the course of the patient's illness are discussed.
Impact ionization in semiconductor heterojunctions

A theoretical study is made of impact ionization in heterojunction systems. It is found that impact ionization by electrons near the conduction band minimum of the larger band gap material can occur in two ways: the electron can transmit into the smaller gap material and undergo essentially bulk impact ionization; the electron can impact ionize at the interface. The investigation is concentrated on the second process, which leads to a probability for interface impact ionization. For a simple model an expression is found for the interface impact ionization probability which demonstrates the dependences of this probability on the incident electron wave vector component normal to the interface, the conduction band offsets, and the energy gap of the smaller gap material. Es wird die Stosionisation in Heteroubergangssystemen untersucht. Dabei wird gefunden, das die Stosionisation durch Elektronen in der Nahe des Leitungsbandminimums des Materials mit groserem Bandabstand auf zwei Arten erfolgen kann: das Elektron kann in das Material mit dem geringeren Bandabstand ubergehen und erfahrt hauptsachlich Volumenstosionisation; das Elektron kann durch Stos an der Grenzflache ionisieren. Die Untersuchung beschaftigt sich hauptsachlich mit dem zweiten Prozes, der zu einer Wahrscheinlichkeit fur Grenzflachenstos-ionisation fuhrt. Fur ein einfaches Modell wird ein Ausdruck fur die Grenzflachenstosionisations-wahrscheinlichkeit gefunden, der die Abhaniggkeit dieser Wahrscheinlichkeit von der zur Grenzflache senkrechten Komponente des Wellenvektors des einfallenden Elektrons, von den Leitungsbandversetzungen und von der Energielucke des Materials mit dem kleineren Bandabstand nachweist.
The significance of rainsplash in the surficial debris cascade of the colorado front range foothills

The surficial characteristics and precipitation regime of sparsely vegetated hillslopes in the montane zone of the Colorado Front Range suggest that rainsplash may be an important component of the surficial debris cascade. Site sediment flux data from two study periods reveal marked spatial and temporal variability. Comparison of these date with sediment movement data from splashcups suggests the following conclusions: (1) Detachment rates of the rainsplash process appear great enough to account for the sediment flux in the open Gerlach-type traps; (2) Areal extrapolation of rainsplash transport suggest that 88 per cent of the fine sediment flux in 1982 can be attributed to rainsplash; (3) Estimates of rainfall energy and changes in the potential energy of hillslopes by mass transport suggests a process efficiency of 0.05 per cent for rainsplash. If this procedure is applied to sediment flux values from open traps, the low precipitation-energy cascade of 1982 appears to be largely rainsplash-transported sediment. Extrapolation with the 1981 data suggests more aggressive overland flow erosion and transport.
Differentiation of Pathogenic Groups of Xylella Fastidiosa Strains With Whole-Cell Protein Profiles

Whole-cell protein analyses of 75 Xylella fastidiosa strains by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were compared, and variations in the protein banding patterns among the strains were observed. Based on the presence, absence, or difference in intensity of 10 protein bands within the 21.5 to 45.0 kDa molecular mass range, the strains could be subdivided into four distinct pathogenic groups and two miscellaneous groups whose members were pathogenic to various different hosts. Group 1 was the Pierce's disease of grapevine pathogenic group. Although 4 of these 45 strains had hosts of origin other than grapevine, they all produced Pierce's disease symptoms. Uniform, distinct protein profiles also occurred with group 2 (elderberry leaf scorch strains), group 3 (oak leaf scorch strains), and group 4 (oleander leaf scorch strains). Groups 5 and 6 were made up of strains pathogenic to almond, blackberry, lupine, mulberry, periwinkle, elm, and plum. Thus, whole-cell protein analysis was shown to be a rapid and consistent method for identifying four pathogenic groups of X. fastidiosa strains.
An interpretative analysis of Chicano faculty in academe

Abstract By examining a set of descriptive data regarding the participation of Chicano faculty in minority-oriented activities in academe, a set of observations is constructed regarding the social relationship of Chicano faculty to academe. The central argument in this article is that Chicano faculty participate in minority-oriented service activities in response to an organizational logic that transforms their participation in minority-oriented activities into personal expectation. The role of sponsorship in this organizational logic is examined.
Deposition of Ultrathin Coatings of Polypyrrole and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) onto Electrospun Nanofibers Using a Vapor-Phase Polymerization Method

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were successfully coated with polypyrrole (PPy) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT layers. To obtain ultrathin coatings on highly porous nanofibrous webs, we adapted a two-step vapor-phase coating process usually used to produce ultrathin films. Ferric tosylate (FeTos) was chosen as the oxidant, because of its solvent-free templating effect that produces highly ordered polymer coatings with improved electronic properties. The concentration of the oxidant solution was found to be a key parameter for the preservation of the open porosity in the nanofibrous mats. Coating thicknesses varied from 5 to 12 nm depending on the polymer and oxidant concentrations. The coatings were strongly attached to the PAN nanofibers and presented some degree of crystallinity and high conductivities. PEDOT-coated nanofibers displayed good electrochemical properties without the need of an additional current collector, making them excellent candidates for the fabrication of fl...
A statistical test for comparing several nucleotide sequences

A statistical test useful for the simultaneous comparison of nucleotide sequences is presented. A likelihood ratio test is derived, examples demonstrated, and tables of critical values are provided.
Phase Rule for Wave Functions near Metallic Surfaces

It is shown that a weighted Fermi-surface average of the asymptotic phase of the electronic wave function in the presence of a metallic surface is equal to $\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4}\ensuremath{\pi}$. We thus give a rigorous proof of a theorem appearing in the work of Sugiyama. An asymptotic expression for the amplitude of the charge-density wave associated with a metallic surface is also derived.
Safety of donating multiple products in a single apheresis collection: are we expecting too much?

Modern blood separators rapidly process many liters of donor blood and efficiently collect vast quantities of blood components from donors, who may be stimulated with potent recombinant hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines. Accordingly, the potential risks of modern multiple product/unit apheresis donations and recombinant growth factors is analyzed in this report. As is true for all medical procedures, risks are associated with apheresis donations. Risks of a "standard" apheresis donation, in which one unit of PLTs or plasma is collected, are comparable to the risks of whole blood donation. Risks of multiple unit apheresis donations, in which either vast quantities of a single blood component or multiple units of various components are collected, are incompletely understood, particularly, when donors are stimulated with recombinant hematopoietic growth factors to increase component yields. To minimize donor risks and to increase knowledge of multiple component apheresis donations, both short-term problems (e.g., donor reactions accompanying apheresis procedures and pre- vs. post-procedure changes in results of donor laboratory studies) and long-term problems (e.g., medical diagnoses/problems and abnormalities of donor blood counts and laboratory test results) should be monitored, ideally, by a repeat donor registry. When recombinant hematopoietic growth factors are prescribed, donors should give informed consent, and blood center professionals must be aware of 1) the effects of these drugs given at pharmacologic, rather than physiologic, doses; 2) the differences between the molecular structure of recombinant vs. natural/endogenous growth factors; 3) the fact that recombinant growth factors have both narrow/focused and broad biological activities; and 4) the probability that results of studies in sick/immunosuppressed patients may not be applicable to healthy/immunocompetent donors.
Decontextualizing the war on drugs: A content analysis of nij publications and their neglect of race and class

Given the scope and depth of current drug control campaigns, scholars must investigate the various contours and contexts of prevailing drug policies. Relying on the theoretical framework of social constructionism, researchers continue to explore how government agencies selectively publicize some aspects of drug policy while ignoring other pertinent issues. In this study we conduct a content analysis of a sample of National Institute of Justice (NIJ) research publications on drug control. Our findings reveal that numerous reports appear to be decontextualized insofar as race and class are either addressed inadequately or ignored altogether. Given the volume of evidence documenting that the war on drugs disproportionately affects people of color and the impoverished, this form of decontextualization serves as propaganda by concealing the racial and socioeconomic biases of current drug control strategies.
Policy-relevant research on infant mortality: rhetorical criticism of mass media.

Nurses effectively advocate policy initiatives by knowing the argument that would best coincide with the prevailing political and public reality.
The backscattered fraction in two-stream approximations.

Abstract New formulas for the backscattered fraction in two-stream theory are derived. They express this fraction, for either isotropically or monodirectionally incident radiation, as a single integral over the scattering phase function, thereby effecting a substantial simplification over the customary multiple-integral definitions. From these formulas the globally averaged backscatter of the earth due to typical aerosols is shown to depend primarily on the forward part (0° to 90°) of the scattering phase function, where the disagreement between spherical-and nonspherical-particle scattering is smallest. The new formulas also lead to connections, in terms of standard elliptic integrals, between the backscatter and the phase function asymmetry factor; while rigorously correct only for the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, these relations are shown to be remarkably accurate for all spherical-particle phase functions. The detailed relationship between backscatter and asymmetry factor is shown to be multi-val...
Performance Analysis of a Variable Speed-Ratio Metal V-Belt Drive

A model of the metal V-belt drive (MBD), considering its detailed multiple-band and metal-block structure, and the ratio-change effect during its operation, is constructed and analyzed. A computational scheme is devised that adapts the analysis to the computation of the MBD’s performance for any specified drive-schedule. General performance characteristics of the MBD and an example illustrating its response to a given drive-schedule are presented. The use of the analysis and the computational scheme in the design of the MBD and in finding the optimum operating conditions is discussed.
A framework for the analysis of theories of sport and leisure management

Sport and leisure have become an essential part of the American lifestyle. Growth in the sport and leisure industry must be understood through primary influences such as spectators in arenas, increase in number of tourists, etc. Central to these issues is whether sport and leisure business is a unique discipline. The purpose of this study was to investigate ideas that make the sport and leisure industry unique and to determine a comparative framework for theory development. The Delphi method and a Focus Group Interview approach was used for data collection. The result of the study established a framework of four major issues: money, accountability, purpose, and people. The 13 components identified with each of these issues were: Liability, profits, image, social responsibility, change, management philosophy, organization, working conditions, marketing, selling, legal issues, resources, and reputation.
Abstract 4118: Mass cytometry analysis identifies rare primitive subpopulations with High STAT5 and p38 MAPK activity in a elderly male treated for chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Introduction: Despite promising advances in enzyme-targeted therapeutics for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), there is a high rate of relapse. Constitutive signaling by STAT5 transcription factor is essential for ABL-kinase driven leukemogenesis. We performed mass cytometry (MC) analysis of cell type-specific activity of this critical survival mechanism in a patient with relapsed CML. Design: Peripheral blood from a previously treated 74y CML patient who had held therapy for approx. 2 months and had a rising WBC (7.9 K/μl) was obtained from UCSF, fixed 4 hours post-collection, and stained with a panel of 30 metal isotope-tagged antibodies including those towards lineage-associated antigens; CD127/IL-7R; p-STAT5A; p-p38 MAP kinase; and IkappaB kinase. MC performed on the CyTOF instrument at HIMC of Stanford University was analyzed on FlowJo and spanning-tree progression analysis of density-normalized events algorithms. Results: Markedly high basal STAT5 and p38 activity was detected in minute subpopulations of CD19br/IgD-/CD45dim cells (0.36%) and CD4+/CD45br T-cells (0.24%) expressing IL-7R, and not in the IL-7R (-) lymphocytes. A less frequent p-STAT5hi/CD34+/CD117+ blast population (0.06%) had lower IL-7R, p-p38, IkappaB, and higher IL-3R compared to the other two p-STAT5hi cell-types; while neutrophils and precursors had significantly lower (∼80-100X) p-STAT5 ([Table][1]). Conclusion: Activated STAT5 and p38 MAPK in rare post-therapy CML cells with upregulated IL-7R supports the notion that these are resistance mechanisms and possible drug targets for residual CML. Whether these are ABL kinase-driven pathways, and prognostic relevance of rare circulating CD19+/IL-7R+ cells in the context of previously treated CML remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, such activated networks in a rare subset of CD4+ T-cells suggest these are also oncogene-addicted immune evasion mechanisms. View this table: Raw median values of selected antigens Citation Format: Jitakshi De. Mass cytometry analysis identifies rare primitive subpopulations with High STAT5 and p38 MAPK activity in a elderly male treated for chronic myelogenous leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4118. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4118 [1]: #T1
Left Heart Volume Estimation in Infancy and Childhood Reevaluation of Methodology and Normal Values

Left ventricular (LV) volume determinations by the area-length method were reevaluated in postmortem studies of left ventricles ranging from 0.5 to 90 cm3 absolute volume. The regression equation relating known and calculated volumes for calculated volumes 15 cm3 (V' = 0.974V - 3.1). From these equations, normal values for cinecardiographic LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV systolic output (LVSO), LV mass (LVM), and left atrial maximal volume (LAMax) were derived from 56 children (19 < 2 years) with normal left ventricles who underwent cardiac catheterization. Values for LVEDV/BSA were significantly less for infants (< 2 years) than for older children (42 ± 10 versus 73 ± 11 cm3/m2, P <0.001). Values for LAMax/BSA were also less for infants than for older children (26 ± 5 versus 38 ± 8 cm3/ m2, P <0.001), and LVEF was significantly increasel for infants (0.68 ± 0.05 versus 0.63 ± ...
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections of the Chest Wall

Abstract Background . Necrotizing soft tissue infections of the chest wall are uncommon, and they have received little discussion in the medical literature. Methods . We performed a collective review of the literature to summarize information on etiology, prevention, treatment, complications, and outcome of chest wall necrotizing soft tissue infections. Manual, Medline, and Current Contents searches of the English-language medical literature were done. Results . There were 9 reported cases of necrotizing soft tissue infection of the chest wall. Eight were complications of invasive procedures and operations. Tube thoracostomy for empyema (4 patients) was the most common antecedent procedure. Excessive soft tissue dissection during chest tube insertion was implicated in the genesis of these infections. Necrotizing infections complicated esophageal operations in 2 patients. Overall mortality was 89%. Only 3 of the 9 patients underwent early and adequate debridement. Chest wall stability and wound reconstruction were problematic in patients who survived the initial septic illness. Conclusions . Necrotizing soft tissue infections of the chest wall are highly lethal infections that require urgent and aggressive debridement. Diagnostic delay and inadequate debridement are common reasons for treatment failure. Repetitive surgical debridement is often needed to control sepsis. Wound closure is challenging in patients who survive the initial septic phase of their illness.
The diffusion time lag in polymer membranes containing adsorptive fillers

Immobilizing adsorption of diffusing penetrants is known to occur in a number of polymer membrane systems. It will cause very large increases in the diffusion time lag but will have only minor effects on the steady-state permeation. This effect may be troublesome in that considerable errors may be incurred when the time lag method is used to analyze quantitatively the sorption and diffusion behavior in such systems. On the other hand, this effect can be utilized in a beneficial way to design very effective protective coatings, packaging materials, timed release mechanisms, etc. for special situations. The time lag in this case can be predicted very accurately from a theoretical result reported previously. This point is demonstrated here by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental time lag data obtained for various gases in a model membrane synthesized by dispersing highly adsorptive molecular sieves into silicone rubber. The agreement is excellent.
Oocyte production and sperm utilization patterns in semi-fertile strains of Caenorhabditis elegans

Background Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites are capable of producing hundreds of progeny. However, genetic and environmental factors can keep many animals from attaining their full reproductive potential. In these situations, efficient use of any functional gametes becomes more important for reproductive success. To learn about this aspect of C. elegans reproductive biology, we examined oocyte production and sperm utilization patterns in a unique collection of semi-fertile sperm function mutants.
90% Perspiration: Engineering Static Analysis Techniques for Industrial Applications

This article describes some of the engineering approaches that were taken during the development of GrammaTech's static-analysis technology that have taken it from a prototype system with poor performance and scalability and with very limited applicability, to a much-more general-purpose industrial-strength analysis infrastructure capable of operating on millions of lines of code. A wide variety of code bases are found in industry, and many extremes of usage exist, from code size through use of unusual, or non-standard features and dialects.Some of the problems associated with handling these code-bases are described, and the solutions that were used to address them, including some that were ultimately unsuccessful, are discussed.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Particles-Bubbles Collisions Kernel in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence:

Particles and bubbles suspended in homogeneous isotropic turbulence are tracked and their collisions frequency is determined as a function of particle Stokes number. The carrier phase velocity fluctuations are determined by Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The effects of the dispersed phases on the carrier phase are neglected. Particles and bubbles of sizes on the order of Kolmogorov length scale are treated as point masses. In addition to Stokes drag, the pressure gradient in the carrier phase and added-mass forces are also included. Equations of motion of dispersed phases are integrated simultaneously with the equations of the carrier phase using the same time stepping scheme. The collision model used here allows overlap of particles and bubbles. Simulations for three turbulence Reynolds numbers ReΛ = 57, 77, and 96 have been performed. Collisions kernel, radial relative velocity, and radial distribution function found by DNS are compared to theoretical models over a range of particle Stokes number. ...
Role of GerD in Germination of Bacillus subtilis Spores

Spores of a Bacillus subtilis strain with a gerD deletion mutation (Delta gerD) responded much slower than wild-type spores to nutrient germinants, although they did ultimately germinate, outgrow, and form colonies. Spores lacking GerD and nutrient germinant receptors also germinated slowly with nutrients, as did Delta gerD spores in which nutrient receptors were overexpressed. The germination defect of Delta gerD spores was not suppressed by many changes in the sporulation or germination conditions. Germination of Delta gerD spores was also slower than that of wild-type spores with a pressure of 150 MPa, which triggers spore germination through nutrient receptors. Ectopic expression of gerD suppressed the slow germination of Delta gerD spores with nutrients, but overexpression of GerD did not increase rates of spore germination. Loss of GerD had no effect on spore germination induced by agents that do not act through nutrient receptors, including a 1:1 chelate of Ca2+ and dipicolinic acid, dodecylamine, lysozyme in hypertonic medium, a pressure of 500 MPa, and spontaneous germination of spores that lack all nutrient receptors. Deletion of GerD's putative signal peptide or change of its likely diacylglycerylated cysteine residue to alanine reduced GerD function. The latter findings suggest that GerD is located in a spore membrane, most likely the inner membrane, where the nutrient receptors are located. All these data suggest that, while GerD is not essential for nutrient germination, this protein has an important role in spores' rapid response to nutrient germinants, by either direct interaction with nutrient receptors or some signal transduction essential for germination.
Faculty Thoughts and Concerns About Student Ratings

Although student ratings of instruction are used to determine whether a person is teaching effectively, many people who use them are not aware of the extensive research base for them.