cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle hijacking and methods of its detection

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is in the process of integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into the National Airspace System (NAS) through the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). A critical component of integrating UAVs into the NAS is the timely identification and mitigation of cyber attacks that could overtake control of a UAV, without the UAV operator's knowledge of a security breach. In an effort to address this risk, this paper aims to achieve two objectives: (i) identify risks of cyber attacks on a UAV and (ii) create a methodology through which UAV operators are informed of such a security breach. The results of this study are intended to support the MITRE Corporation's efforts to identify and control risks associated with UAV integration into the NAS. To achieve the first objective the Capstone team utilized established risk assessment methodologies to identify risk scenarios and filter those scenarios into a manageable list. To achieve the second objective the team developed a methodology that measures the UAV velocity through two on-board systems and any significant difference in the two measures indicates a potential security breach. The team designed and performed an experiment using car movement to simulate UAV flight and performed statistical analysis on the results of the experiment. This contributed to a framework for determining a detection threshold for an alarm system to indicate a UAV may have been hijacked. The threshold accounts for a minimum difference between the two calculations of the velocity data and the duration of time in which this difference occurs, which can be calibrated to minimize Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. The recommendation to the MITRE Corporation will contribute to the ongoing efforts to securely integrate UAVs into the NAS.
Semantic Schemas for Specification Processes in the AEC Domain

The successful integration of information in the construction industry depends on the degree of support for standardization efforts by industry and academia. The essence of the standards is to operate in a common denominator layer, which includes the language to share information between parties. However the main difficulty in exchanging information resides in relating two or more actor or participant’s data representations from each of their sources. This difficulty makes it impossible to coordinate processes, exchange constraints, and manipulate information among the actors. Several approaches to cope with this problem employ languages, like PSL- Process Specification Language, and XPLD- Process, Definition Languages. The proposed approach revaluates the specification languages and uses a schema to model the processes, labeled semantic schemas, which mediate among each actor’s data representation. The schema contains a semantic component that describes the processes requested by the actors. This approach uses an architecture that resembles database mediation, but the proposed architecture differs in the mechanism. The main advantage of this approach is that it will enhance the reusability of the schema for future repetitive transactions and for multiple actors. In this context, the objective of this research is to provide the necessary theory and understanding of modeling processes in the construction domain given schemas that mediate the semantics between data representations of the participants.
On process variation tolerant low cost thermal sensor design in 32nm CMOS technology

Thermal management has emerged as an important design issue in a range of designs from portable devices to server systems. Internal thermal sensors are an integral part of such a management system. Process variations in CMOS circuits cause accuracy problems for thermal sensors which can be fixed by calibration tables. Stand-alone thermal sensors are calibrated to fix such problems. However, calibration requires going through temperature steps in a tester, increasing test application time and cost. Consequently, calibrating thermal sensors in typical digital designs including mainstream desktop and notebook processors increases the cost of the processor. This creates a need for design of thermal sensors whose accuracy does not vary significantly with process variations. Other qualities desired from thermal sensors include low area requirement so that many of them maybe integrated in a design as well as low power dissipation, such that the sensor itself does not become a significant source of heat. In this paper, we present a process variation tolerant thermal sensor design with (i) active compensation circuitry and (ii) signal dithering based self calibration technique to meet the above requirements in 32nm technology. Results show that we achieve ±3oC temperature accuracy, with a relatively small design. This compares well with designs that are currently used.
Dosing equation for tacrolimus using genetic variants and clinical factors

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Patients with low tacrolimus troughs are at a higher risk of rejection while those with high troughs are at an increased risk for toxicity. Therefore, achieving the therapeutic range is important. • CYP3A5 genotype and days post transplant have been previously shown individually to be associated with tacrolimus troughs. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This paper presents the first dosing model for tacrolimus using a combination of genetic and clinical factors in adult kidney transplant recipients. It was developed from one of the largest tacrolimus pharmacogenetic studies conducted to date (681 subjects and 11 823 trough concentrations). • We found that CL/F was significantly influenced by days post transplant, CYP3A5 genotype, transplantation at a steroid sparing centre, recipient age and the use of a calcium channel blocker. • Our large sample size enabled us to define the distinct differences in tacrolimus CL/F between three CYP3A5 genotype groups (*1/*1, *1/*3 and *3/*3). • This study is an important step towards using pharmacogenetic information in the clinical setting. AIM To develop a dosing equation for tacrolimus, using genetic and clinical factors from a large cohort of kidney transplant recipients. Clinical factors and six genetic variants were screened for importance towards tacrolimus clearance (CL/F). METHODS Clinical data, tacrolimus troughs and corresponding doses were collected from 681 kidney transplant recipients in a multicentre observational study in the USA and Canada for the first 6 months post transplant. The patients were genotyped for 2 724 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a customized Affymetrix SNP chip. Clinical factors and the most important SNPs (rs776746, rs12114000, rs3734354, rs4926, rs3135506 and rs2608555) were analysed for their influence on tacrolimus CL/F. RESULTS The CYP3A5*1 genotype, days post transplant, age, transplant at a steroid sparing centre and calcium channel blocker (CCB) use significantly influenced tacrolimus CL/F. The final model describing CL/F (l h−1) was: 38.4 ×[(0.86, if days 6–10) or (0.71, if days 11–180)]×[(1.69, if CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype) or (2.00, if CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype)]× (0.70, if receiving a transplant at a steroid sparing centre) × ([age in years/50]−0.4) × (0.94, if CCB is present). The dose to achieve the desired trough is then prospectively determined using the individuals CL/F estimate. CONCLUSIONS The CYP3A5*1 genotype and four clinical factors were important for tacrolimus CL/F. An individualized dose is easily determined from the predicted CL/F. This study is important towards individualization of dosing in the clinical setting and may increase the number of patients achieving the target concentration. This equation requires validation in an independent cohort of kidney transplant recipients.
Beam profile data analysis for the RHIC injection line

Beam profile monitors employing phosphor screens will be used in the beam transfer line from AGS to RHIC, now under construction at BNL, as beam profile monitors. Data analysis procedures are being developed for the transfer line test scheduled for the fall of 1995. In addition to the emittance and Twiss parameters calculation, it will include direct reconstruction of the beam phase space density distribution by using an Abel inversion with the minimal assumption of an elliptically symmetric phase space distribution. The percent emittance comes out of the process naturally.
Comparison of Microhabitat Conditions at Nest Sites Between Eastern (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) and Rio Grande Wild Turkeys (M. g. intermedia) in Northeastern South Dakota

Rio Grande wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were trapped in Oklahoma and released in northeastern South Dakota during the early 1970s. Based on wintering counts, this population peaked at over 1000 birds in the mid 1980s, but steadily declined to <200 in 1996. This decline prompted the introduction of eastern wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris), which were indigenous to southeastern South Dakota, as a replacement subspecies. We compared nest site characteristics of translocated eastern wild turkeys with those of established Rio Grande wild turkeys. Over a 2 y period we radio-marked 23 eastern females, and 21 Rio Grande females. Eastern females initiated 45 nests, whereas Rio Grande females initiated 41 nests. Vegetation type selection for nest sites (e.g., woodland, grassland and shrub) did not differ between Rio Grande and eastern wild turkeys (P = 0.96). However, turkey nest sites (subspecies pooled) differed from paired reference sites by having: (1) more nest sites directly under shrubs (P < 0.001) within woodlands and shrublands, (2) more trees within 1 m of the nest bowl (P = 0.001) in woodlands and (3) greater cover above the nest bowl (P = 0.007) within grasslands and shrublands. Frequency of vegetation types selected by female wild turkeys of both subspecies as nest sites differed (P = 0.001) from the frequency of vegetation types randomly sampled. Although shrub vegetation types were least available, females selected shrub vegetation types (primarily western snowberry [Symphoricarpos occidentalis]) for the majority (53%) of nest initiations. Other nests were divided between woodlands (27%) and grasslands (20%). Nest success was not correlated with vegetation type.
Men, women, and Web 2.0 writing: Gender difference in Facebook composing

Abstract While the nature of composition on Facebook has become a common topic of interest in composition journals, how gender identification affects Facebook use has not been studied. This study gives an overview of differences between women and men in Facebook usage based on a large-scale survey of first-year composition students about their Facebook use. Among the findings of the survey are that women tend to have had Facebook profiles for longer, use Facebook more, and are more thoughtful about their Facebook use. The researcher uses these findings to suggest drawing on previous studies related to gender and composition in the study of Web 2.0 technologies in computers and writing literature. The findings also suggest an exploration of gender and other identity markers may be fruitful when using social network sites in first-year composition classes.
An Internet-Mediated Market Orientation (IMO): Building a Theory

A market orientation (MO) has long been an essential concept in the marketing discipline. Advanced information technologies show a great potential for information acquisition, sharing, and dissemination, all of which are the essential processes of an MO. This paper proposes a framework of an Internet-mediated market orientation (IMO), in which the Internet functions as a transformer of the traditional MO into a more efficient and effective way of implementing an MO online toward sustaining competitive advantage. Theories from related disciplines are introduced to explain the relevancy of the use of the Internet on the MO process, and anecdotal evidences are provided to show how the traditional MO becomes an IMO by using various Internet tools in the Internet-mediated environment.
Cortical Spectral Activity and Connectivity during Active and Viewed Arm and Leg Movement.

Active and viewed limb movement activate many similar neural pathways, however, to date most comparison studies have focused on subjects making small, discrete movements of the hands and feet. The purpose of this study was to determine if high-density electroencephalography (EEG) could detect differences in cortical activity and connectivity during active and viewed rhythmic arm and leg movements in humans. Our primary hypothesis was that we would detect similar but weaker electrocortical spectral fluctuations and effective connectivity fluctuations during viewed limb exercise compared to active limb exercise due to the similarities in neural recruitment. A secondary hypothesis was that we would record stronger cortical spectral fluctuations for arm exercise compared to leg exercise, because rhythmic arm exercise would be more dependent on supraspinal control than rhythmic leg exercise. We recorded EEG data while ten young healthy subjects exercised on a recumbent stepper with: 1) both arms and legs, 2) just legs, and 3) just arms. Subjects also viewed video playback of themselves or another individual performing the same exercises. We performed independent component analysis, dipole fitting, spectral analysis, and effective connectivity analysis on the data. Cortical areas comprising the premotor and supplementary motor cortex, the anterior cingulate, the posterior cingulate, and the parietal cortex exhibited significant spectral fluctuations during rhythmic limb exercise. These fluctuations tended to be greater for the arms exercise conditions than for the legs only exercise condition, which suggests that human rhythmic arm movements are under stronger cortical control than rhythmic leg movements. We did not find consistent spectral fluctuations in these areas during the viewed conditions, but effective connectivity fluctuated at harmonics of the exercise frequency during both active and viewed rhythmic limb exercise. The right premotor and supplementary motor cortex drove the network. These results suggest that a similarly interconnected neural network is in operation during active and viewed human rhythmic limb movement.
The Sinaitic and Vatican Manuscripts and the Copies Sent by Eusebius to Constantine

Eusebius in his Life of Constantine, chapters xxxvi f., gives an account of the MSS. of the Scriptures prepared in Caesarea at the command of the Emperor for the use of the churches in Constantinople, owing to the remarkable increase in the number of Christians after the conversion of the court. His account ends with a sentence which according to Schwartz, whose opinion seems obviously correct, is unfortunately incomplete. ταῦτα μὲν οῦν βασιλeὺς διeκeλeύeτο αὐτίκα δ᾽ ἔργον ἐπηκολούθeι τῷ λόγῳ, ἐν πολυτeλῶς ἠσκημένοις τeύχeσιν τρισσὰ καὶ τeτρασσὰ διαπeμψάντων ἡμῶν….
The Case of the Disappearing Spindle Burst.

Sleep spindles are brief cortical oscillations at 10–15 Hz that occur predominantly during non-REM (quiet) sleep in adult mammals and are thought to contribute to learning and memory. Spindle bursts are phenomenologically similar to sleep spindles, but they occur predominantly in early infancy and are triggered by peripheral sensory activity (e.g., by retinal waves); accordingly, spindle bursts are thought to organize neural networks in the developing brain and establish functional links with the sensory periphery. Whereas the spontaneous retinal waves that trigger spindle bursts in visual cortex are a transient feature of early development, the myoclonic twitches that drive spindle bursts in sensorimotor cortex persist into adulthood. Moreover, twitches—and their associated spindle bursts—occur exclusively during REM (active) sleep. Curiously, despite the persistence of twitching into adulthood, twitch-related spindle bursts have not been reported in adult sensorimotor cortex. This raises the question of whether such spindle burst activity does not occur in adulthood or, alternatively, occurs but has yet to be discovered. If twitch-related spindle bursts do occur in adults, they could contribute to the calibration, maintenance, and repair of sensorimotor systems.
Response Patterns to Mail Surveys

>Response patterns to mail surveys are shown to be sufficiently stable and predictable to permit a sharp reduction in the time required to conduct multi-wave mail surveys. Fifteen mail surveys, covering both consumer and industrial goods and services, are reviewed to demonstrate that the interval between each mailing can be reduced to seven days. This would permit a two-wave mail survey to be conducted in two weeks. Marketing research literature contains many examples of high response rates in mail questionnaire studies. It is now possible to predict and ensure a given response rate by using techniques proved successful in repeated applications. Another aspect of mail questionnaires has received comparatively little attention. The response patternwhen questionnaires return, rather than how many questionnaires return-is also a major determinant of the type of survey to be used in a given situation. To achieve a high response rate and to test for response bias, survey researchers generally have second, third, and even fourth mailings (waves) to respondents. Is it possible to reduce the time needed to conduct a multiwave mail survey? This article has three purposes: (1) to summarize the literature on the timing of multi-wave mail surveys, (2) to examine response pattern data and findings from 15 mail surveys, and (3) to show that response patterns are predictable and may be used to reduce the time needed to conduct multi-wave mail surveys.
Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification of Nanofiber Enhanced Polymer Composite Materials with Functionally Graded Interphase Properties

Micromechanical approaches are used in mathematical modeling of randomly distributed carbon nanofibers (CNF) in a thermoset polymer material. Both CNF waviness and CNF-matrix interphase properties are included in the model. The interphase mechanical properties are considered to vary as a function of the distance as in functionally graded materials. The effects of stochastic uncertainties on the overall properties of the composite material are represented using the probability theory. The uncertainties are propagated in calculating the axial buckling load of a thin-walled composite cylinder, which is then optimized for minimum material volume. The probabilistic optimization results are presented and discussed.
Baseline Demographic, Anthropometric, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Characteristics of Rural, Southern Women in Early Pregnancy

Objectives Beginning life in a healthy uterine environment is essential for future well-being, particularly as it relates to chronic disease risk. Baseline (early pregnancy) demographic, anthropometric (height and weight), psychosocial (depression and perceived stress), and behavioral (diet and exercise) characteristics of rural, Southern, pregnant women enrolled in a maternal, infant, and early childhood home visiting program are described. Methods Participants included 82 women early in their second trimester of pregnancy and residing in three Lower Mississippi Delta counties in the United States. Baseline data were collected through direct measurement and surveys. Results Participants were primarily African American (96 %), young (mean age = 23 years), single (93 %), and received Medicaid (92 %). Mean gestational age was 18 weeks, 67 % of participants were overweight or obese before becoming pregnant, and 16 % tested positive for major depression. Participants were sedentary (mean minutes of moderate intensity physical activity/week = 30), had low diet quality (mean Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score = 43 points), with only 38, 4, and 7 % meeting recommendations for saturated fat, fiber, and sodium intakes, respectively. Conclusions for Practice In the Lower Mississippi Delta, there is a need for interventions that are designed to help women achieve optimal GWG by improving their diet quality and increasing the amount of physical activity performed during pregnancy. Researchers also should consider addressing barriers to changing health behaviors during pregnancy that may be unique to this region of the United States.
The effects of adenosine on water and sodium excretion.

The effects of adenosine on glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow are well documented, but its effects on water and sodium excretion are less well established. Previous studies in the rat have shown that i.v. and intra-aortic administration of adenosine decrease water and sodium excretion. The validity of these findings was challenged recently when it was found that intrarenal administration of adenosine in the rat induced marked diuresis and natriuresis. The aim of the current study was to investigate further the effects of intrarenal administration of adenosine on renal excretory function in the rat. Intrarenal infusion of 2 to 15 micrograms/min of adenosine, although having no effect on systemic arterial pressure, induced a 4-fold increase in water and sodium excretion. Intravenous infusion of adenosine at equivalent doses in the same species and under similar experimental conditions resulted in a 1-fold increase in water excretion, and only a transient increase in sodium excretion, whereas intraaortic adenosine had no effect on either variable. During infusion of adenosine by all three routes, there was a significant decline in glomerular filtration rate, but no change in renal plasma flow. The diuretic and natriuretic effects of adenosine during intrarenal infusion were of a similar order of magnitude in animals maintained for 3 weeks on no sodium, normal sodium or high sodium diet, and did not correlate with plasma renin activity. Simultaneous infusion of 10(-7) M 9-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, markedly inhibited the diuretic and natriuretic effects of intrarenal adenosine. Intrarenal infusion of N6-cyclohexyladenosine, an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, but not of N' ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, a potent A2 receptor agonist, significantly increased water and sodium excretion. These findings suggest that, in the rat, the diuretic and natriuretic effects of adenosine are 1) fully expressed only during intrarenal administration, 2) absent during intra-aortic administration, 3) not related to prior sodium intake or sodium balance, 4) mediated by the adenosine A1 receptor and 5) dissociated from its effects on glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow.
Adaptation of general purpose CFD code for fusion MHD applications

Analysis of many fusion applications such as liquid metal blankets requires application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for electrically conductive liquids in the geometrically complex regions and in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Current state of the art general purpose CFD code allows modeling of the flow in complex geometric regions, with simultaneous conjugated heat transfer analysis in liquid and surrounding solid parts. Together with Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) capability general purpose CFD code will be a valuable tool for design and optimization of fusion devices.
The role of androgens in the regulation of muscle oxidative capacity following aerobic exercise training.

Reduced production or bioavailability of androgens, termed hypogonadism, occurs in a variety of pathological conditions. While androgens target numerous tissues throughout the body, hypogonadism sp...
Natural Oils for Skin-Barrier Repair: Ancient Compounds Now Backed by Modern Science

Natural plant oils are commonly used as topical therapy worldwide. They are usually easily accessible and are relatively inexpensive options for skin care. Many natural oils possess specific compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-itch properties, making them attractive alternative and complementary treatments for xerotic and inflammatory dermatoses associated with skin-barrier disruption. Unique characteristics of various oils are important when considering their use for topical skin care. Differing ratios of essential fatty acids are major determinants of the barrier repair benefits of natural oils. Oils with a higher linoleic acid to oleic acid ratio have better barrier repair potential, whereas oils with higher amounts of irritating oleic acid may be detrimental to skin-barrier function. Various extraction methods for oils exist, including cold pressing to make unrefined oils, heat and chemical distillation to make essential oils, and the addition of various chemicals to simulate a specific scent to make fragranced oils. The method of oil processing and refinement is an important component of selecting oil for skin care, and cold pressing is the preferred method of oil extraction as the heat- and chemical-free process preserves beneficial lipids and limits irritating byproducts. This review summarizes evidence on utility of natural plant-based oils in dermatology, particularly in repairing the natural skin-barrier function, with the focus on natural oils, including Olea europaea (olive oil), Helianthus annus (sunflower seed oil), Cocos nucifera (coconut oil), Simmondsia chinesis (jojoba oil), Avena sativa (oat oil), and Argania spinosa (argan oil).
2‐Methoxypyridine as a Thymidine Mimic in Watson–Crick Base Pairs of DNA and PNA: Synthesis, Thermal Stability, and NMR Structural Studies

The development of nucleic acid base-pair analogues that use new modes of molecular recognition is important both for fundamental research and practical applications. The goal of this study was to evaluate 2-methoxypyridine as a cationic thymidine mimic in the A-T base pair. The hypothesis was that including protonation in the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme would enhance the thermal stability of the DNA double helix without compromising the sequence selectivity. DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences containing the new 2-methoxypyridine nucleobase (P) were synthesized and studied by using UV thermal melting and NMR spectroscopy. Introduction of P nucleobase caused a loss of thermal stability of ≈10 °C in DNA-DNA duplexes and ≈20 °C in PNA-DNA duplexes over a range of mildly acidic to neutral pH. Despite the decrease in thermal stability, the NMR structural studies showed that P-A formed the expected protonated base pair at pH 4.3. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of cationic unnatural base pairs; however, future optimization of such analogues will be required.
DECREASE IN THE RATES OF FATAL AND NON-FATAL CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF INCREASING RATES OF DIABETES IN NEW JERSEY

Obesity and smoking are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Prior work has predicted that the negative effects of increasing body mass index would overwhelm the positive effects of a decline in smoking (NEJM 2009;361:2252). We examined the validity of this prediction using the Robert
Pulmonary Complications of Obesity

There is an increasing prevalence of obesity globally. Implications of the global obesity epidemic are far-reaching and have become a major public health issue. Strikingly, the incidence of obesity is growing fastest among the pediatric population. Complications of childhood obesity are multifactorial with effects on psychosocial, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. The following chapter discusses the pulmonary complications of obesity as body habitus has a significant impact, not only on the mechanics of the respiratory system but by interfering with several immunopathologic and endocrine mechanisms as well.
Huntington’s Disease: Neuropathological Grading

The striatum was found to exhibit marked variation in the severity of neuropathological involvement in post mortem brain specimens from 163 clinically diagnosed cases of Huntington’s disease (HD). A grading system was established by macroscopic and microscopic criteria, resulting in five grades (0–4) designated in ascending order of severity. The earliest changes were seen in the medial caudate nucleus (CN), in the tail of the CN, and in the dorsal part of the putamen. The grade correlated with the extent of clinical disability as assessed by a rating scale. Quantitative measurements revealed a 50% neuronal loss in the CN in grade 1 and a 95% loss in grade 4. Astrocytes are greatly increased in grades 2–4. Analyses of the CN in grade 4 reflect mainly astrocytic composition with a component of remote neurons projecting to the striatum. Because of the relative preservation of the lateral half of the head of the CN in grades 1–2, these regions would reflect early cellular and biochemical changes in HD.
A Comparison of Senescence in Mouse and Human Cells

Senescence is observed in both human and mouse cells, however, there are fundamental differences in how senescence is controlled between the two species. Human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence as a result of telomere shortening. In contrast, mouse fibroblasts do not senesce when grown at a physiological oxygen concentration. In atmospheric oxygen, mouse cells enter a state that resembles senescence, but is independent of telomere shortening. In this chapter, we will discuss the characteristics of both human and mouse cellular senescence, and the differences in the signaling pathways that mediate senescence in these species. We will also discuss the studies of senescence in species beyond human and mouse. It is important to note that mice are not representative of all rodents, as some rodent species display telomere-mediated senescence. We will also discuss the evolution of replicative senescence and the data suggesting that telomere-mediated senescence evolves in large-bodied species to mitigate an increased risk of cancer conferred by the greater number of cells.
Finding similar failures using callstack similarity

We develop a machine-learned similarity metric for Windows failure reports using telemetry data gathered from clients describing the failures. The key feature is a tuned callstack edit distance with learned costs for seven fundamental edits based on callstack frames. We present results of a failure similarity classifier based on this and other features. We also describe how the model can be deployed to conduct a global search for similar failures across a failure database.
Indomethacin and Epinephrine Effects on Outflow Facility and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Formation in Monkeys

Methods. Topical indomethacin was given 1 hour before the intracameral administration of epinephrine to living cynomolgus monkeys. Outflow facility was measured for 45 to 60 minutes, beginning 3 hours after epinephrine administration, by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation was measured in cell membranes isolated from rhesus monkey ciliary muscle, ciliary processes, trabecular meshwork, and iris in the presence of forskolin, indomethacin, epinephrine, or indomethacin and epinephrine combined. Results. Three hours after the intracameral administration of 5.5 fig epinephrine, facility increased by ~40%, a putatively maximal response, at which time the intracameral epinephrine concentration was ~15 fjM. Pretreatment with topical indomethacin produced a dosedependent inhibition of epinephrine's facility-increasing effect; the maximum inhibition of 50% to 70% occurred at an indomethacin dose of 50 to 125 fig. Doubling the indomethacin dose (250 fig) produced no further inhibition, whereas a fivefold larger epinephrine dose (27.5 fxg) did not overcome the inhibition. Forskolin and epinephrine both stimulated cAMP production in vitro, whereas [indomethacin] s: 10~ 4
Divergent responses to urban transformation projects in Turkey: common sense and state affinity in community mobilization

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of state affinity in community struggles against authoritarian, neoliberal urban transformation projects (UTPs) in Turkey. It argues that as neoliberal hegemo...
Learning by doing in business education. Using hackathons to improve the teaching and learning of entrepreneurial skills

Currently, the teaching of entrepreneurship skills is mostly dominated by strategic approaches that do not teach students evident examples of what happen in a real-world company in terms of entrepreneurship. It is assumed that practical entrepreneurial skills are acquired at the university. Using a hackathon will put into practice and nurture entrepreneurial skills. This is the first study of its kind attempting to fill the gap in using hackathons and a set of practice-based pedagogical tools to teach entrepreneurial skills in UK business schools. This paper sheds light on the issues associated with the use of hackathons to teach practice-based entrepreneurial skills to undergraduate students at a UK university. The study benchmarks the pedagogical tools currently used within the module to nurture entrepreneurial skills and how are used by the students participating in the hackathon. The methodology to carry out this study is based on: academic performance indicators and a semi-structured interview with students, who have participated in the hackathon during the last four years. The information from the interviews is then analysed using NVivo.
A systematic review of culturally relevant marriage and couple relationship education programs for African-American couples

This systematic review examined the extent to which marriage and couple relationship education programs targeting African-Americans utilize culturally relevant components and the efficacy of such c...
Occlusion of the Celiac Artery during Endovascular Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Is associated with Increased Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality

Background Some studies suggest that celiac artery coverage during elective endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair is safe given sufficient collateralization of visceral organ perfusion from the superior mesenteric artery. However, there is concern that celiac artery coverage may lead to increased risk of foregut or spinal cord ischemia with an attendant increased risk of mortality. We sought to investigate rates of bowel ischemia, spinal cord ischemia, and 30-day mortality associated with celiac artery coverage during TEVAR and complex EVAR. Methods The Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for TEVAR and complex EVAR cases from 2012 to 2018. Inclusion criteria included TAAA pathology and endograft extension to aortic zone 6. Patients with aortic rupture, trauma, prior thoracic aortic surgery, known preoperative occlusion of the left subclavian superior mesenteric, or celiac arteries were excluded. Cases with intraoperative celiac artery occlusion (CAO) were compared retrospectively to cases with celiac artery preservation (CAP). Primary outcomes included 30-day mortality and a composite end point of 30-day mortality, spinal cord ischemia (transient or permanent lower extremity neurologic deficit), and bowel ischemia (colonoscopic evidence of ischemia, bloody stools in a patient who dies prior to colonoscopy or laparotomy, or other documented clinical diagnosis). Univariable comparisons were performed using chi-squared tests and Student’s t-tests, as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent predictors of outcome. Results There were 628 cases identified for inclusion in the study. Patients undergoing CAO (n = 44) were more likely to be female or to have higher rates of preoperative spinal drain use, American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3, low preop hemoglobin, and/or symptomatic presentation, but fewer mean number of aortic zones covered. CAO was associated with higher 30-day mortality (5 of 44, 11%) compared to CAP (23 of 584, 4%), P = 0.039. The composite end point occurred at a significantly greater proportion for those who had CAO (10 of 44, 23%) compared to CAP (53 of 584, 9%, P = 0.008), driven by higher rates of 30-day mortality and bowel ischemia (9% vs. 2%, P = 0.026). By multivariate analysis, CAO was predictive of 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–13.8, P = 0.04) and the composite endpoint (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.1–8.5, P = 0.03). Increasing procedure time was also associated with 30-day mortality (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7, P Conclusions For those treated for TAAAs, CAO was independently predictive of increased 30-day mortality and a composite end point of perioperative mortality, spinal cord ischemia, and bowel ischemia. When treating patients with extensive aortic aneurysmal disease, physicians should attempt to preserve the celiac artery, by revascularization or avoiding ostium coverage, whenever feasible.
Active immunization of prepubertal boars against testosterone: testicular and endocrine responses at 14 months of age.

Thirteen crossbred boars were immunized at 1 mo of age against either testosterone-3-oxime-equine serum albumin (treated boars) or equine serum albumin (control boars) to test the hypothesis that active immunization against testosterone stimulates testicular growth and development in the prepubertal boar. All boars were injected with the appropriate antigen at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mo of age and were slaughtered at 14 mo of age. Active immunization against testosterone resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in tritiated-testosterone binding by plasma within 60 d after the primary immunization; the degree of binding decreased by 6 mo but remained elevated (P less than .05) relative to controls through 12 mo of age. There was no effect of treatment on body weights through 12 mo of age. Concentrations of testosterone in plasma were higher (P less than .05) in testosterone-immunized boars than in controls; this increase was likely due to antibody binding rather than increased testosterone secretion because (1) concentrations of androgen in testicular parenchyma at slaughter were not altered by treatment and (2) plasma concentrations of estrogens were generally not affected by treatment. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were markedly suppressed in testosterone-immunized boars during the time when concentrations of these gonadotropins were high in control boars (greater than 3 mo of age). In spite of suppression of average LH and FSH concentrations, testicular weights, daily sperm production rates and seminal characteristics were similar for the two groups of boars at slaughter. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evrei v NKVD SSSR, 1936–1938 gg.: Opyt biograficheskogo slovaria. 2-e izdanie, dopolnennoe i ispravlennoe [Jews in the NKVD of the USSR, 1936–1938: an attempt at a biographical dictionary, 2nd edition, updated and corrected]: by M.A. Tumshis and V.A. Zolotarev, Moskva, Universitet Dmitriia Pozharskogo, 2017, 824 pp., $123.98, ISBN: 9785912441783

Among the many contentious topics relating to Jewish participation in the Russian Revolution, few have proven as controversial as that of Jewish involvement in apparatuses of Soviet state security....
Can Advanced Type Systems Be Usable? An Empirical Study of Ownership, Assets, and Typestate in Obsidian

Some blockchain programs (smart contracts) have included serious security vulnerabilities. Obsidian is a new typestate-oriented programming language that uses a strong type system to rule out some of these vulnerabilities. Although Obsidian was designed to promote usability to make it as easy as possible to write programs, strong type systems can cause a language to be difficult to use. In particular, ownership, typestate, and assets, which Obsidian uses to provide safety guarantees, have not seen broad adoption together in popular languages and result in significant usability challenges. We performed an empirical study with 20 participants comparing Obsidian to Solidity, which is the language most commonly used for writing smart contracts today. We observed that Obsidian participants were able to successfully complete more of the programming tasks than the Solidity participants. We also found that the Solidity participants commonly inserted asset-related bugs, which Obsidian detects at compile time.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ligation Versus Repair of Inferior Vena Cava Injuries.

Objective Inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries have a high mortality rate that may be related to the location of injury and type of repair. Previous studies have been either single center series or database studies lacking granular detail. These have reported conflicting results. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature evaluating ligation versus repair. Methods Studies published in English on MEDLINE or EMBASE from 1946 through October 2018 were examined to evaluate mortality among patients treated with ligation versus repair of IVC injuries. Studies were included if they provided mortality associated with ligation versus repair and reported IVC injury by level. Risk of bias was assessed regarding incomplete and selective outcome reporting with Newcastle-Ottawa score of 7 or higher to evaluate study quality. We used a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation method in R using the Metafor package to evaluate outcomes. Results Our systematic review identified 26 studies, of which 14 studies, including 855 patients, met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. IVC ligation was associated with higher mortality than IVC repair (OR: 3.12, P Conclusions In this meta-analysis, ligation of IVC injuries was associated with increased mortality compared to repair, but not specifically for infrarenal IVC injuries. Suprarenal IVC injury, and blunt mechanism was associated with increased mortality compared to infrarenal IVC injury and penetrating mechanism, respectively. Data are limited regarding acute renal injury and venous thromboembolic events after IVC ligation and may warrant multicenter studies. Standardized reporting of IVC injury data has not been well established and is needed in order to enable comparison of outcomes across institutions. In particular, reporting of injury location, severity, and repair type should be standardized. A contemporary prospective, multicenter study is needed in order to definitively compare surgical technique.
The Roles of Keynes’s Logical Relations, V(a/h) =w and P(a/h) =alpha, in His Conventional Coefficient of Weight and Risk, C

Keynes’s chapter 26 analysis, contained in the A Treatise on Probability, is designed to give a reader of the A Treatise on Probability a command of the subjects of non additivity and non linearity, upon which Keynes’s interval valued approach to probability was constructed in chapters 3, 15-17, 20, 22, and 29, which he called approximation and modelled after the work of George Boole, without having to master the exceedingly difficult Part II of the A Treatise on Probability. Part II of the A Treatise on Probability was deliberately skipped by Raymond Pearl, Frank Ramsey, Ronald Fisher, Emile Borel, Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, Bruno de Finetti, Edwin Bidwell Wilson, and Richard Braithwaite in their reviews of the A Treatise on Probability. Practically all other readers of the A Treatise on Probability in the 20th and 21st centuries also skipped Part II, due to the extreme difficulties encountered in trying to follow Keynes’s analysis. The exceptions were Edgeworth, Russell, and Broad. Edgeworth and Russell mastered chapter 26 of the A Treatise on Probability. This allowed them to figure out that Keynes was using interval valued probability, which Keynes called “non numerical probabilities.” Both Russell and Edgeworth were attracted to the conventional coefficient of weight and risk, c. The c coefficient integrates both of Keynes’s logical relations of probability and weight, P and V, in a mathematically specific manner. Keynes’s c is the first decision weight in history. However, no logical relations appear in the c coefficient because they are not mathematical variables. You can’t normalize a logical relation. Thus, for example ,Keynes’s notation, P(a/h) = α, states that the degree of rational belief, given the probability relation P between a and h, is of degree α .h is the premises and a is the conclusion. c can then be normalized on the unit interval [0,1] to give α =p/(p plus q)[1-α=q/(p plus q)],where p is the probability of success and q is the probability of failure and 0≤ α ≤1.P(a/h) can’t be normalized. Similarly, V(a/h) denotes the Evidential Weight of the argument. V(a/h)=w states that the degree of evidential support for a, given h, is of degree w. w can then be normalized on the unit interval [0,1] to give w =K/(K plus I)[1-w=I/(K plus I)], where K is the amount of knowledge, data, information or evidence that is relevant and I is the amount of ignorance. Basic errors in both logic and mathematics result in the claim that the logical relation, V, can be normalized on the unit interval, that the logical relation V can be set equal to K/(K plus I), V=K/(K plus I), where K and I are mathematical variables, and that 0 ≤V ≤1. Such errors are the direct result of a complete failure to grasp the basics of Keynes’s c coefficient. All heterodox economists have followed Runde (1990) in making the obvious mathematical errors that V=K/(K plus I) and that 0≤ V ≤1. It is completely unclear to this author how a logical relation can be restricted to the unit interval.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to Identify Problematic Nuclear Data

In this work, we aim to show that machine learning algorithms are promising tools for the identification of nuclear data that contribute to increased errors in transport simulations. We demonstrate...
Using ISA Firewall 2006's Monitoring, Logging, and Reporting Tools

This chapter describes the use of ISA Firewall 2006's monitoring, logging, and reporting tools. ISA 2006 includes an array of tools that can be used to monitor ISA Firewall activities, create, and configure alerts to keep you apprised of changes, generate reports to summarize information in an easy-to-read form, and provide a document trail, and monitor the ISA Firewall's performance. The Dashboard is an important feature in ISA 2006, and it is a handy way for the ISA Firewall administrator to tell, at a glance, what's going on in all the various monitoring subnodes. The Services section of the Dashboard makes it easy for you to quickly check the status of the services that are running on the ISA Firewall computer. The Sessions section of the ISA 2006 Dashboard makes it easy to view, at a glance, the session types and number of sessions that are currently active through the ISA 2006 firewall that is being monitored. One can monitor the connectivity between the ISA firewall and other computers from the Connectivity tab. ISA Firewall 2006's logging and reporting features take monitoring a step further, and provide a permanent documentation of the activities related to ISA Firewall.