cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drug-Induced, life-threatening angioedema revisited

Few drug reactions are more life threatening than the sudden development of edema involving the mucosal and submucosal layers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Drug-induced angioedema is a recognized entity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and despite reports in medical journals and drug insert warnings, captopril and enalapril continue to be widely prescribed. As these drugs are efficacious and usually well-tolerated in the treatment of mild forms of hypertension, their popularity is rising. From June 1, 1984 to August 1, 1991, 36 patients with angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitors presented at the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals. Thirty were successfully managed with medical therapy. Two were intubated, 1 had placement of a nasal trumpet, and 3 required tracheostomies. Of extreme importance is the recognition that angioedema resulting from ACE inhibitors is probably not immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated and that antihistaminics and steroids may not alleviate the airway obstruction. The otolaryngologist must be prepared for the need of possible early surgical intervention.
McSOCIAL WORK — PROFESSIONAL DECADENCE IN THE UNITED STATES

Professional social work in the United States is too often envied and too little understood. Its many failures of organisation, scholarship and purpose should encourage other nations to look to their own experiences in developing professions of helping. The process of professionalising social services in the US has been impeded by widespread hostility to poorer and lower status citizens. Yet social work itself is complicit with these attitudes, making free institutional choices that benefit the practitioner at the expense of the service recipient; by failing to develop a credible scholarship of service outcomes; by ignoring objective credentials in deference to implicit "experience"; by protecting mediocrity at the expense of quality; and by promoting psychological and individual explanations over structural explanations of social failure. Mortality may be the most hopeful vehicle of reform.
Alcoholics Anonymous and Behavior Therapy: Can Habits Be Treated as Diseases? Can Diseases Be Treated as Habits?.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and behavior therapy have often been characterized as having opposing views of the nature and treatment of alcohol problems. This article describes the theoretical foundations, view of the change process, and treatment practices of AA and behavior therapy. Theoretical and practice perspectives on integration of the two models are examined, and advantages and disadvantages of integration are discussed.
Fractal geometry in forestry applications

Abstract Fractal geometry can be used to describe length, surface, and volume of natural objects such as trees, rivers, and mountains. Unlike the straight lines of classical geometry, natural lines do not have unique invariable lenghts. They become longer when we use smaller units of measurement which are able to reveal finer details of the line. Although both unit and length change, the parameter governing these changes remains invariant. This parameter, called the fractal dimension, is specific for each line. Fractal dimensions of natural lines are greater than one and the excess indicates the degree of convolution. Not all tree variables are fractals. Stem surface is fractal, but volume is not. Therefore, volume as well as tree height should be calculated using the methods of classical geometry. At the same time, potential applications of fractal geometry are not limited to quantifying natural lines and surfaces. Fractal geometry may produce new methods for estimating stand density, predicting forest succession, and describing the form of trees. It is shown that the fractal dimension of tree crowns is a good indicator of various tree and site features such as species tolerance, crown class, and site quality. Therefore, the crown fractal dimension could be the most meaningful single number for tree description. At the same time, improved video cameras could make this dimension the easiest tree variable to measure.
Extensible parallel program performance visualization

Performance bugs have classically been difficult to identify in high performance programs. The problem arises because there is a broad spectrum of causes of performance degradation, and because it may be necessary to apply specialized diagnostics to search the performance space. The prototype tuning environment we are developing enables one to explore the performance space of a program using customized performance visualization techniques. It addresses the breadth problem by providing tools known to be useful for broad explorations, tools for inspecting specific performance bugs, and an ability to extend the observation platform by custom analysis and visualization. This paper describes the ParaVision tool that enables one to integrate various PICL-based performance tools into a single user environment. >
Matching and cleaning administrative data

This paper addresses the cleaning and linking of individual-level administrative data for the purposes of social program research and evaluation. We define administrative data as the data collected in the course of programmatic activities for the purposes of program operation, client-level tracking, service provision, or decision-making — essentially, non-research activities. Although some data sets are collected with both programmatic and research activities in mind (wage reports are a good example), researchers usually think of administrative data as a secondary data source in contrast to surveys that are conducted solely for research purposes.
Efficiency of multijunction photovoltaic systems

In this paper, an expression for the PV system efficiency is derived that can be used in conjunction with measured device performance and detailed numerical modeling to analyze PV system performance. Such an analysis will help identify design trade-offs and also help to identify which system and cell design changes will be of greatest benefit to the enhancement of PV system performance.
Correctness of a directory-based cache coherence protocol: Early experience

Cache coherence protocols of increasing complexities call for automated verification tools which are both efficient and reliable. Most current approaches can only verify protocols at a high level of abstraction and the model size is limited to a small number of interacting processes. By using a simple full-map directory scheme as example, we present a verification technique which is extremely efficient and is independent of the model size. Several non-obvious problems affecting the correctness of a protocol design are identified by the verification procedure. >
Mark Twain’s Mysterious Duplicate in Pudd’nhead Wilson

This essay examines the problematic role of Mark Twain’s much-discussed Tom Driscoll in Pudd’nhead Wilson (1894) and argues that Tom is an earlier and anti-realistic variation on the freakishly mocking Duplicates who appear in the author’s only published mysterious stranger manuscript, No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger (1916). Like the Duplicates and other of Twain’s later anti-realistic creatures, Tom seems designed primarily to torment, startle, mock, and mirror all those living in the hellish secular landscape of Dawson’s Landing. In this novel, the author both assaults and challenges his readers with an often farcical culture that tolerates and perpetuates cruel, abusive, and discriminatory cultural traditions through human ignorance, arrogance, complacency, unthinking conformity, and legal corruption.
Demonstration system and applications for compact wireless ultraviolet communications

In battlefield situations, as well as other distributed sensing applications, networks of small, low-cost wireless sensors require short-range communication links that are low-power and difficult to detect at standoff distances (covert). Currently, short-range (<100m) state-of-the-art ground-to-ground radio frequency (RF) links require line-of-sight for reliable connectivity, and may require 50 to 100 times more power for the transceiver electronics than what is radiated by the transmitter. Furthermore, the RF transmit power necessary to overcome R 4 losses near the ground makes the links easily detectable at stand-off ranges unless sophisticated waveforms or highly directive antennas are employed, both of which are inconsistent with low-cost, low-power transceivers. In contrast, baseband optical communication links in the mid-ultraviolet (UV) band can exploit atmospheric scattering to achieve non line-of-sight (NLOS) operation with low-power transceivers at wavelengths that are difficult to detect at stand-off ranges. This paper reviews NLOS UV communication concepts, phenomenology, and the evolution of device technology. A portable communications test bed is described, and recent outdoor tests with 340nm semiconductor emitters are summarized. An indoor FM voice link is described, as an example of the compact form-factor that can be achieved with current technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential applications.
Preparation of Monodisperse CdS Clusters and Photoconductivity of CdS-Doped Polymers

We discuss the preparation of monodisperse ∽10-A and ∽13-A CdS clusters by the cluster fusion technique and the development of capillary zone electrophoresis for cluster separation. We also report the observation of photoconductivity in a polymer film doped with CdS nanoclusters.
Size reduction of Microstrip Patch Antennas via Artificial Dielectric Loading

The first part of this presentation focuses on the analysis and design of a size-reduced antenna. Although these antennas have three-dimensional structures embedded in the substrate, they can be easily fabricated through the cost-effective LTCC process. Experimental results for the canonical form of the size-reduced antenna are shown to support theory. In addition to the original antenna design, variations with enhanced performance characteristics are also presented. Examples of modifications that further reduce the antenna size follows a discussion of the original design. It is demonstrated that introducing one or more open-ended slits in the patch can aid in shrinking the size of the antenna. Essentially, these slits cause the current distribution to be routed along a circuitous path. The resulting design is a planar antenna with a longer effective resonant length. Extensive simulations for the modified version of the size-reduce antenna are presented
A tropical freshwater wetland: II. Production, decomposition, and peat formation

As much as 10% of the total carbon stored in peatlands occurs in the tropics. Although tropical peatlands are poorly understood scientifically, they are increasingly exploited for a variety of human uses. Our objective was to measure baseline carbon cycling data in one type of tropical peatland in order to understand better how peat accumulates in these ecosystems. Average plant production for two study sites on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia over 2 year was 1122 g C m−2 year−1, of which 1058 g C m−2 year−1 was aboveground plant production (bole, buttress and litterfall). Although leaves contributed a high proportion of total plant productivity, their rapid decomposition left little carbon for peat accumulation. In contrast, fine roots only contributed 10% to plant productivity, but their slow decomposition allowed them to accumulate as peat. Wood (branches and stems) probably contributed the most carbon to the formation of peat. Despite being on the soil surface, small branches decomposed more slowly than leaves because of their high C:N and lignin:N ratios. In summary, we suggest that tropical peatlands in Micronesia accumulate peat not because of high plant production but rather because of slow decomposition of roots and wood under anaerobic conditions that result from nearly constant high water levels.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), like many chronic diseases of childhood, presents children and families with challenges from physical disability and its resulting consequences. Because medication alone is insufficient in providing the best possible care, coordinated services from occupational and physical therapists, physicians, nurses, and social workers are necessary. This article reviews the potential causes, diagnosis, and treatment of JRA in the context of recent advances. Classification JRA is classified as systemic, pauciarticular, or polyarticular in onset. The course of the disease may differ from the onset. After a period of time, systemic-onset disease often converts to either a pauciarticular or polyarticular course. In some children with pauciarticular onset, the disease will convert to polyarticular JRA. The current classification is being reexamined to distinguish children in whom diseases other than JRA, such as ankylosing spondylitis, eventually develop. The current classification, however, maintains specification of both the onset and course of the disease.
Organizational Development in Eastern Europe: Learning to Build Culture-Specific OD Theories:

This study consists of three parts. The first part analyzes major differences between organization development values and national culture in the United States and in Eastern Europe. The second par...
Molecular Determinants of Vanilloid Sensitivity in TRPV1

Vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), a membrane-associated cation channel, is activated by the pungent vanilloid from chili peppers, capsaicin, and the ultra potent vanilloid from Euphorbia resinifera, resiniferatoxin (RTX), as well as by physical stimuli (heat and protons) and proposed endogenous ligands (anandamide, N-arachidonyldopamine, N-oleoyldopamine, and products of lipoxygenase). Only limited information is available in TRPV1 on the residues that contribute to vanilloid activation. Interestingly, rabbits have been suggested to be insensitive to capsaicin and have been shown to lack detectable [3H]RTX binding in membranes prepared from their dorsal root ganglia. We have cloned rabbit TRPV1 (oTRPV1) and report that it exhibits high homology to rat and human TRPV1. Like its mammalian orthologs, oTRPV1 is selectively expressed in sensory neurons and is sensitive to protons and heat activation but is 100-fold less sensitive to vanilloid activation than either rat or human. Here we identify key residues (Met547 and Thr550) in transmembrane regions 3 and 4 (TM3/4) of rat and human TRPV1 that confer vanilloid sensitivity, [3H]RTX binding and competitive antagonist binding to rabbit TRPV1. We also show that these residues differentially affect ligand recognition as well as the assays of functional response versus ligand binding. Furthermore, these residues account for the reported pharmacological differences of RTX, PPAHV (phorbol 12-phenyl-acetate 13-acetate 20-homovanillate) and capsazepine between human and rat TRPV1. Based on our data we propose a model of the TM3/4 region of TRPV1 bound to capsaicin or RTX that may aid in the development of potent TRPV1 antagonists with utility in the treatment of sensory disorders.
Autoperfusing Ectothermic Heart-Lung Preservation System

A portable heart-lung preservation system was developed to enable distant organ procurement. In 8 dogs, a functioning heart-lung system was isolated, cannulated in situ, removed en bloc, and placed into a Plasmalyte-filled, temperature-controlled (15-38°C) chamber. The perfusion circuit consisted of an adjustable-height, autologous-blood reservoir. The heart ejected through the aortic cannula with venous return (VR) into the superior vena cava. Respiration was maintained with a positive pressure ventilator. Intramyocardial tissue pressure (IMP), tissue pH, right atrial (RAP), aortic pressure (AOP), and cardiac output (CO) were monitored. Autoperfusion at normothermia and CO of 50 mL/min/kg resulted in early (3 h) deterioration of pulmonary function with progressive interstitial lung edema. Pulmonary dysfunction always preceded changes in regional myocardial contractile viability (peak IMP and d(IMP)/dt) and global function (CO, AOP). When tissue pH was regulated ectothermically (as in cold-blooded animals...
The migration industry in the United States, 1882–1924

Recent interest in the migration industry has produced no consensus on its boundaries. Some researchers limit the concept to travel-related business; others expand the scope to include additional immigration-supporting commercial businesses, legal and illegal. Using historical evidence, this article addresses treatment of the migration industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These treatments introduced the same conceptual issues that are resurfacing today. Examining immigrant bankers, international sex traffickers, and saloon keepers in the period 1882–1924, the article makes a systemic case for expanding the boundaries of the migration industry beyond the limitations of the transportation industry, but acknowledges the validity of the narrower concept. The exercise also adds a historical dimension to this contemporary concern.
Length of stay in rehabilitation is associated with admission neurologic deficit and discharge destination.

Objective This study explores the link between neurologic deficit as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and its relationship to length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination. Design A retrospective chart review was completed of 54 patients admitted for rehabilitation after experiencing a cerebrovascular accident. Setting The study was completed in an acute inpatient rehabilitation stroke unit in a large urban tertiary care medical center. Participants Patients were included in this analysis if their record contained an NIHSS score on both admission and discharge, if they had neuroimaging documentation of an acute hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, and if they were not transferred away from the rehabilitation unit during their stay. Of 54 cases reviewed, 47 were ultimately included. Main Outcome Measurements Independent variables included were NIHSS admission and discharge scores, change in score from admission to discharge, discharge destination, age, gender, type of stroke, and use of tissue plasminogen activator. These were examined against the dependent variable, LOS. Results Greater admission NIHSS scores predicted longer hospital stays. Mean admission and discharge scores were significantly greater for patients discharged to subacute facilities, and LOS was also longer for these patients compared with those discharged to the community. Surprisingly, age was inversely related to LOS, admission score, and discharge score. Conclusion Stroke remains one of the most common reasons for admission to acute care hospitals. The authors know of no studies that have examined the rehabilitation aspect of care incorporating the NIHSS in this manner. This study draws a connection between neurologic impairment by using the NIHSS and LOS and discharge destination in an acute inpatient rehabilitation stroke unit. In the future, multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams may consider using this measure to predict LOS and disposition at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.
The rat city rollergirls and the potential of social networking sites to support work

Increasingly, researchers and organizations are interested in the potential for social networking sites to support the day-to-day tasks of workers. This study examines the way the Rat City Rollergirls (RCRG), a roller derby team, communicates using social media to support the business of their organization. While the RCRG is a volunteer organization, their use of social media to support their day-to-day business demonstrates the potential of social networking sites to support organizational work in ways beyond marketing and customer communication and exposes design considerations for implementing social networking sites.
Research Resource: Whole Transcriptome RNA Sequencing Detects Multiple 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-Sensitive Metabolic Pathways in Developing Zebrafish

The biological role of vitamin D receptors (VDR), which are abundantly expressed in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) as early as 48 h after fertilization, and before the development of a mineralized skeleton and mature intestine and kidney, is unknown. We probed the role of VDR in developing zebrafish biology by examining changes in expression of RNA by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) in fish treated with picomolar concentrations of the VDR ligand and hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3)].We observed significant changes in RNAs of transcription factors, leptin, peptide hormones, and RNAs encoding proteins of fatty acid, amino acid, xenobiotic metabolism, receptor-activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL), and calcitonin-like ligand receptor pathways. Early highly restricted, and subsequent massive changes in more than 10% of expressed cellular RNA were observed. At days post fertilization (dpf) 2 [24 h 1α,25(OH)2D3-treatment], only four RNAs were differentially e...
Electroacupuncture Therapy for Muscle Atrophy in CKD: Is There a Needle in the Haystack?

Muscle wasting is highly prevalent among patients with CKD. The cellular mechanisms of muscle atrophy have been identified, yet definitive treatment to prevent or reverse this complication is not fully in sight. Despite proven efficacy in persons without kidney disease, resistance exercise training
Regional body composition changes in women after 6 months of periodized physical training

Data are lacking regarding regional morphological changes among women after prolonged physical training. This study employed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess changes in whole body and reg...
On poles and zeros of linear systems

The problem of determining the poles and zeros of a linear system is considered. Also pointed out is that this problem is mathematically equivalent to the generalized eigenvalue problem of the form \lambda Ax =Bx , which may be solved by means of some wellestablished numerical techniques. Two practical and reliable algorithms are presented. The first algorithm is more general than the second and can be effectively used to obtain the poles and zeros of a linear system even without knowing its state-space representation. The second algorithm assumes that the state-space equations of the system are known and takes full advantage of their special form. Both algorithms also offer considerable savings in computational effort when applied to multiple-input multiple-output systems. Several examples which illustrate the proposed methods and their computational characteristics are included.
An uncommon cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report.

Background: This report calls attention to severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a manifestation of small bowel carcinod tumor. Patient: We report a case of an adult in his 5th decade presenting with massive melena. Interventions: On presentation the patient was tachycardic (pulse115/min), and hypotensive (BP 80/55 mmHg). His complete physical examination was unremarkable. Rectal exam showed frank blood. Nasogastric lavage produced greenish fluid with no blood. His hemoglobin was 8.1 gm/dl and hematocrit was 25.1%. Panendoscopy revealed an ileal bleeding mass. Interestingly a colonoscopy done 6 months earlier for anemia workup was normal. Emergent laparotomy revealed numerous smaller intraluminal nodules scattered throughout the small bowel. Results: Histopathology revealed carcinoid tumor.
Barriers to gene flow in Embiotoca jacksoni, a marine fish lacking a pelagic larval stage.

Abstract Marine species generally show high dispersal capabilities, which should be accompanied by high levels of gene flow and low speciation rates. However, studies that focused on the relationship between dispersal and gene flow in marine fishes have been inconclusive. This study focuses on the black surfperch, Embiotoca jacksoni, a temperate reef fish that lacks a pelagic larval stage and lives on almost continuous reefs along the California and Baja California coasts. Mitochondrial control-region sequences from 240 individuals were obtained, and phylogeographic patterns were analyzed. A major phylogeographic break was found at Santa Monica Bay, a sandy expanse that prevents adult dispersal. Deep water separating the southern California Channel Islands was also found to be a major barrier to gene flow. Minor phylogeographic breaks were also detected in the Big Sur/Morro Bay and in the Punta Eugenia/Guerrero Negro regions, but none in the Point Conception region. Gene flow levels in E. jacksoni were fo...
Made in America? Immigrant Occupational Mobility in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Assimilation research largely assumes that Southern and Eastern European immigrants achieved assimilation due to job ladders within manufacturing firms in the first half of the twentieth century. But this literature has never tested these claims and often acknowledges that little is known about whether Italians and Slavs experienced upward mobility. Did manufacturing allow for the upward advancement among European-origin groups? Using unique datasets containing employment histories in three manufacturing companies – A.M. Byers Company, Pullman-Standard Manufacturing, and Ford Motor Company - between 1900 and 1950, this article is the first to analyze occupational mobility within factories among European-origin groups. Results suggest that organizational structures within firms through the formation of internal labor markets did little to counter or prevent other forces that kept migrants from achieving upward mobility. Migrants ended their careers within firms where they began – positions at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy – which runs contrary to assimilation research.
Factors Affecting Academic Achievement Among Sexual Minority and Gender-Variant Youth

Experiences of victimization among sexual minority youth (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender; LGBT) and gender-variant youth remain pronounced in many schools. Although much work has shown the connection between homophobic bullying and mental and physical health, there has been limited attention to how victimization impedes learning, academic achievement, and other school-related outcomes for these youth. In this chapter, we propose several pathways through which victimization leads to academic disparities among sexual minority and gender-variant youth, with attention to its effects on individual learning processes (e.g., motivation, concentration, self efficacy, and other cognitive stressors) as well as broader psychological and social processes (e.g., mental health, school avoidance, harmful coping strategies, exclusionary discipline). We also consider protective factors (e.g., social support, Gay-Straight Alliances, extracurricular involvement, nondiscrimination policies, inclusive curriculum) that could promote resilience and suggest potential mechanisms by which they may operate. In doing so, we aim to stimulate ideas for an advancement of research in this area.
The History of Polysomnography: Tool of Scientific Discovery

Polysomnography (PSG) refers to the objective scientific method developed in the second quarter of the twentieth century for studying sleep. Owing its roots to electroencephalography and other electrophysiological recording techniques, PSG rapidly evolved from its role for scientific inquiry to clinical applications. As a technique for describing sleep psychophysiology, it remains unparalleled. Laboratory sleep studies revealed many underlying pathophysiologies that illuminated the path to contemporary sleep medicine. Beginning in the 1980s, PSG became the chief diagnostic method for recognizing sleep-related breathing disorders. Finally, PSG is an odd term combining Greek and Latin elements. Why multichannel electrophysiological sleep recordings were not named polyhypnography or multisomnography is not known. Regardless of its name, PSG captured the imaginations of researchers and remains clinically relevant for evaluating sleep disorders.
Nominative Fair Use Makes No Sense

This is a working draft of a paper on trademark fair use and nominative fair use particularly.This article explores and critiques the doctrine of nominative fair use, a defensive doctrine originally created to protect parties charged with trademark infringement. I explain that while the concept of “fair use” in trademark law seems to be ascendant, the meaning of the “trademark fair use” is not settled. I argue that the doctrine of nominative fair use is actually counterproductive and works to disadvantage defendants who wish to make expressive uses of trademarks. For this reason, it should be abandoned in favor of more nuanced examinations of how defendants may not infringe trademarks when they choose to “name” competitor brands in commercial discourse.
Achieving pH Control in the Critically ILL Patient: The Role of Continuous Infusion of H2-Receptor Antagonists

Stress-related gastric mucosal damage is a common occurrence in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this mucosal damage, many ICU patients routinely receive prophylactic therapy, usually with histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Gastric acid secretion occurs in a circadian pattern, with late afternoon and evening surges. H2RAs by continuous infusion may control this uneven pattern of secretion more effectively than H2RAs given by bolus injection. More studies are needed to identify the target ICU population for prophylactic treatment
Dealing with alcohol problems in the workplace

The employee assistance program (EAP) is the principal vehicle for intervention in the workplace directed at employees with alcohol problems. As broad-gauged programs, EAPs represent “mainstreaming” of alcohol-problem concerns into health care management. However, alcohol problems are defined broadly within EAPs, going beyond other definitions of alcohol dependence. The historical context is important for understanding EAPs and their dynamics. External environmental changes have impacted EAPs considerably over the past decade. Particularly important have been the increased prominence of employee drug abuse, managed care, and increasing prevalence of dual diagnoses. Results of research about EAPs conducted over the past decade are reviewed. The persistent issue of EAP efficacy is considered, highlighting the variable structure of EAPs and the multiplicity of motives for their voluntary adoption. Prospects for continuing research are considered in light of problems in research funding, the ambiguous identity of EAPs, and the practical orientations of those who might facilitate such research.
Replicating Genome-Wide Association Studies

Genome-wide association studies promise to significantly expand our knowledge of host control of deadly pathogens. Lurking in the background of these studies, however, is a serious methodologic issue. Individuals who participate in the cohorts used in genome-wide association studies are often
Anesthesia for bronchoscopy and interventional pulmonology: From moderate sedation to jet ventilation

Purpose of reviewThe field of interventional bronchoscopy has seen an evolving need for different types of anesthesia for various procedures. This review describes recent advances in the field of anesthesiology that have increased the suitability of conscious sedation under monitored anesthesia care
Attachment Efficiency of Nanoparticle Aggregation in Aqueous Dispersions: Modeling and Experimental Validation

To describe the aggregation kinetics of nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous dispersions, a new equation for predicting the attachment efficiency is presented. The rationale is that at nanoscale, random kinetic motion may supersede the role of interaction energy in governing the aggregation kinetics of NPs, and aggregation could occur exclusively among the fraction of NPs with the minimum kinetic energy that exceeds the interaction energy barrier (Eb). To justify this rationale, we examined the evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) and frequency distribution during aggregation, and further derived the new equation of attachment efficiency on the basis of the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution and Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The new equation was evaluated through aggregation experiments with CeO2 NPs using time-resolved-dynamic light scattering (TR-DLS). Our results show that the prediction of the attachment efficiencies agreed remarkably well with experimental data and also correctly des...
Spatiotemporal Cellular Imaging of Polymer–pDNA Nanocomplexes Affords in Situ Morphology and Trafficking Trends

Synthetic polymers are ubiquitous in the development of drug and polynucleotide delivery vehicles, offering promise for personalized medicine. However, the polymer structure plays a central yet elusive role in dictating the efficacy, safety, mechanisms, and kinetics of therapeutic transport in a spatial and temporal manner. Here, we decipher the intracellular pathways pertaining to shape, size, location, and mechanism of four structurally divergent polymer vehicles (Tr455, Tr477, jetPEI, and Glycofect) that create colloidal nanoparticles (polyplexes) when complexed with fluorescently labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA). Multiple high resolution tomographic images of whole HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) cells were captured via confocal microscopy at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The images were reconstructed to visualize and quantify trends in situ in a four-dimensional spatiotemporal manner. The data revealed heretofore-unseen images of polyplexes in situ and structure–function relationships, i.e., Glycofect polyplexe...
Leveraging data consolidation and event driven systems to provide predictive diagnostics on the factory floor

Maintenance activities on a plant floor result in lost production and capacity, and consequently lost money. Unscheduled maintenance events are especially costly and can generate costly ripple effects in other parts of the factory up and down the supply chain. The University of Michigan - Engineering Research Center (ERC) is currently working on a project with a major automotive manufacturer, whose objective is providing a factory-wide predictive diagnostics infrastructure by deploying an open-architecture event-driven software control system. The control architecture will link equipment data collection, equipment control and equipment & tool maintenance capabilities, and will provide for coordination of resources through event driven systems to both reduce unscheduled downtime and lessen mean-time-to-repair (MTTR). The proposed solution uses data that is currently collected from the plant floor; this data, when consolidated and collectively analyzed, will be utilized to enhance the predictability of maintenance events. This approach enables the leveraging of the existing plant data collection infrastructure into the control solution architecture. The first step of the project is a historical study of the data from the different plant floor systems to identify trends leading to failures. The next project step is the implementation of an event driven control solution that utilizes the Event Condition Action (ECA) paradigm with ECA control rules housed in a relational database; this approach provides for greater flexibility and reconfigurability of the control system. A key result that is demonstrated with this solution is that effective predictive maintenance can result from focusing on data consolidation, resource coordination and flexibility, while utilizing straight-forward prediction algorithms.© 2006 ASME
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING URINARY EXCRETION OF 3-HYDROXYANTHRANILIC ACID.

SummaryExcretion of a metabolite of tryptophan, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA), was studied in rabbits under varying conditions (immunization with gram negative bacteria, starvation, tryptophan loading, injection of 3HAA, sodium salicylate or cortisone). Starvation for 3 days resulted in a significant decrease in excretion of 3HAA, and injection of 500 mg of tryptophan (I.V.) was followed by an approximate doubling of 3HAA excretion. Immunization and injection with either salicylate or 3HAA (1000 fig) were not accompanied by significant changes in excretion of the metabolite. Administration of hydrocortisone, an agent known to increase liver tryptophan pyrrolase in other species, resulted in the maximal output of 3HAA observed. By inference, it is suggested that the higher excretion of 3HAA and other metabolites of tryptophan observed in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis may result from the preferential shunting of tryptophan metabolism into the kynurenine pathway. Although the basis for such a sh...
The Internet of Things Technological Application in the Region of Fire Control

In this paper,through the characteristics of internet of things technology is introduced,combined with the construction practice of fire units,the thing networking technology in the city in the distance monitoring typical application and current development is discussed in this paper.And on this basis,especially against fire forces in the construction of four main: fire fighting and rescue work,daily management,fire control facilities and fire security,network technology combined the detail description,the thing networking technology in promoting the construction and development of the fire army fire,and other aspects of the specific application were analyzed and pointed out the networking technologies in the fire that the application of power suit a point.
Analysis of influenza surveillance in Qingyuan

Objective To analyze the results of etiological surveillance and the epidemiology of influenza in Qingyuan in 2012,and provide scientific evidence for influenza prevention and control.Methods Specimens were collected from influenza-like-patients in sentinel hospital,and the influenza virus was detected by Real-Time PCR and isolated with MDCK cells.The virus isolated was genotyped by using hemagglutination inhibition test.Results 489 specimens were detected.The 115 specimens were positive for RT-PCR test,with a positive rate of 23.52%,and were influenza A H3 subtype(45.22%),influenza B(43.48%),and influenza A unidentified type(11.30%).97 influenza virus strains were obtained with a positive rate of 19.84%,and they were influenza A H3N2(61.86%),B(Victoria)type(35.05%) and B(Yamagata) type(3.09%).The type of B has been the dominant bacterial strain from January to February,and from March to July the main epidemic subtype was H3N2.The influenza positive cases were not detected from August to December.Conclusion H3N2 subtype and B type coexist in Qingyuan in 2012.The epidemic period was in spring and summer.RT-PCR test has higher specificity and sensitivity than MDCK cell culture test,but MDCK cell culture test remains the gold standard for influenza surveillance study.
Promote Sci-tech Management System in Xinjiang by Innovation Thinking

The reform in sci-tech management is an important part of the reform in.sci-tech system. From the 1980s, Xinjiang Province explored and carried out the reform the management of sci-tech in many respects. The paper introduced the reform in sci-tech management focusing on sci-tech macromanagement, sci-tech program management, fund management, personnel management. And the paper proposed some suggestions of the sci-tech management in Xinjiang.
Observation on effect of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg in 323 adults without immunization response to previous vaccination

Objective To explore the immunization strategy in adults who have no response to hepatitis B vaccination. Methods Healthy people who were HBsAg and anti-HBs negative were selected,and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 20 μg w ere given to them at the schedule of 0,1,3 month,0,1,6 month and 0,1,12 month respectively. Those w ith anti-HBs GMC 10 IU / L detected after full series vaccination w ere given 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg. One month later,anti-HBs detection w as conducted for them. Results The anti-HBs positive rate w as 92. 6% in re-vaccinated people,and the anti-HBs GMC w as 835 IU / L. Conclusion Re-immunization of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg could obviously increase the anti-HBs positive conversion rate in people w ho has no response to previous vaccination,and the effect is better than those of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 10 μg or 20 μg.
Plasma-Mediated Gut Protection After Hemorrhagic Shock is Lessened in Syndecan-1−/− MICE:

We have shown in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock (HS) that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) reduces lung inflammation and injury that are correlated with restitution of syndecan-1. As the gut is believed to contribute to distant organ injury and inflammation after shock, the current study sought to determine if the protective effects of plasma would extend to the gut and to elucidate the contribution of syndecan-1 to this protective effect. We also examined the potential role of TNFα, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-17, both intestinal sheddases of syndecan-1. Wild-type (WT) and syndecan-1 (KO) mice were subjected to HS followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's (LR) or FFP and compared with shock alone and shams. Small bowel and blood were obtained after 3 h for analysis of mucosal injury and inflammation and TNFα and ADAM-17 protein expression and activity. After HS, gut injury and inflammation were significantly increased compared with shams. Resuscitation with LR decreased both injury and inflammation that were further lessened by FFP. KO mice displayed worsened gut injury and inflammation after HS compared with WT mice, and LR and FFP equivalently inhibited injury and inflammation. Both systemic and intestinal TNFα and ADAM-17 followed similar trends, with increases after HS, reduction by LR, and a further decrease by FFP in WT but not KO mice. In conclusion, FFP decreased gut injury and inflammation after hemorrhagic shock, an effect that was abrogated in syndecan-1 mice. Plasma also decreased TNFα and ADAM-17, representing a potential mechanistic link to its protection via syndecan-1.
Distribution of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA along the nephron.

In the present study, a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to quantitate the relative levels of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA in ...
Nuclear calcium gradients in cultured rat hepatocytes

Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) in cytosol and nucleus in fura-2-loaded cultured rat hepatocytes were determined by three-dimensional (3-D) optical-sectioning microscopy. After determining the empirical 3-D point spread function of the fluorescence microscope-coupled digital video imaging system, contaminating light arising from optical planes above and below the plane of interest was removed by deconvolution using the nearest-neighboring approach (NNA) algorithm. Although deconvolution resulted in substantial improvement in accuracy of fluorescence intensity determinations in single-wavelength excitation images as well as sharper delineation of boundaries between cellular compartments, the complicated mathematical process did not significantly enhance the precision of [Ca2+] values derived from ratiometric (ratio of dual-wavelength excitation) images. In resting hepatocytes, cytosolic Ca2+ (210 +/- 15 nM) was 1.6- to 2-fold higher than nuclear Ca2+ (128 +/- 12 nM). This difference in Ca2+ between the two compartments was detected both in raw ratiometric images and in those processed with NNA algorithm. Addition of arginine vasopressin or epidermal growth factor resulted in significant increases (2- to 3-fold) in both cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+; however, the nuclear-to-cytosolic Ca2+ gradient was preserved in hepatocytes stimulated with mitogens. We conclude that the hepatocyte nuclear membrane contains Ca2+ permeability barriers and Ca2+ transport mechanisms that may be hormonally sensitive. We postulate that the increase in nuclear Ca2+ may be important in regulation of cell proliferation induced by mitogens, possibly by activating Ca(2+)-dependent endonucleases, nuclear calmodulin, or nuclear protein kinase C.
Quantitation of HIV-1 Viral RNA in Blood Plasma and Genital Secretions

Quantitation of HIV RNA in blood is commonly used to monitor progression of the disease and to assess the effect of antiretroviral therapy in individuals. Although not approved in the US for diagnosis of HIV infection, the finding of a positive HIV RNA with a negative HIV enzyme immunoassay and Western blot (or evolving Western blot) is an indication of primary HIV infection and should be followed up closely. Large clinical trials and cohort studies have demonstrated the importance of HIV RNA as an indicator of drug efficacy and as a factor in HIV transmission. Sexual intercourse is the most common method of transmission of HIV-1. Several studies have demonstrated that blood plasma viral load is significantly correlated with the risk of sexual HIV transmission. Additional investigations have found a significant correlation between the viral load in blood plasma and in the genital tract. This chapter describes methods of collection, processing, and testing in blood, plasma, and male and female genital secretions for quantifying HIV RNA.
Observation of tolerance in dynamic social networks using mobile phone data

The study of social networks has become increasingly important in recent years. Previous implementations of multi-agent systems have observed a phenomenon called tolerance between agents through simulation studies, which is defined as an agent maintaining an unrewarding connection. This concept has also arisen in the social sciences through the study of networks. We aim to bridge this gap between simulation studies in multi-agent systems and real-world observations. This paper claims that tolerance is directly observable in real dynamic social networks, and the parameters that govern tolerance of a system can be estimated using a Hidden Markov Model. The observation on tolerance provides quantitative evidence of tolerance observed in the real-world.
Diseases of the Nuclear Membrane

Abstract The nuclear membrane envelops the nucleoplasm of the cell and acts as a barrier between the nuclear DNA and the cytoplasm. The composition of the nuclear membrane network is complex and incompletely understood, but it provides a structural framework to support and protect the nucleus. Proteins that interact with the nuclear membrane are critical for nuclear stability, especially in striated muscle tissues that undergo intense mechanical stress. One of these proteins in particular, lamin A/C, is known to be involved in at least 11 distinct diseases with variable levels of cardioskeletal involvement. This chapter will explore the nuclear envelope from three perspectives: the function of nuclear proteins on a cellular level, their role in a variety of diseases, and a number of animal models that are being utilized to develop potential therapeutics and treatments.
The presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in mothers whose children are born unexpectedly with Down syndrome

Background Mothering children born unexpectedly with developmental disability has historically been shown to have a profound negative impact on maternal functioning. However, this study, which was ...
Normally OFF Trench CAVET With Active Mg-Doped GaN as Current Blocking Layer

A normally OFF trench current aperture vertical electron transistor (CAVET) was designed and successfully fabricated with Mg-doped p-GaN current blocking layers. The buried Mg-doped GaN was activated using a postregrowth annealing process. The source-to-drain body diode showed an excellent p-n junction characteristics, blocking over 1 kV, sustaining a maximum blocking electric field of 3.8 MV/cm. Three-terminal breakdown voltages of trench-CAVETs, measured up to 225 V, were limited by dielectric breakdown. This paper highlights the achievement of the well-behaved buried p-n junction that has been a formidable challenge in the success of vertical GaN devices.