cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid-induced messenger ribonucleic acids in rat thymic lymphocytes: rapid primary effects specific for glucocorticoids.

We examined the mechanism underlying the rapid (15–120 min) glucocorticoid-mediated increase in the synthesis of proteins envisioned as mediators of the initial steroid effects in thymic lymphocytes. Analysis of about 1500 in vitro translation products on giant two-dimensional gels revealed rapid hormonal influences on only 7 mRNAs, 6 whose translation products have mol wt and pis identical to those proteins whose synthesis has been found to be increased after the addition of glucocorticoids to thymus cells. The additional mRNA codes for glucocortin, whose induction in thymus as well as other target cells has been reported. mRNA inductions for proteins 1, 2, and IN are detectable 15–30 min after the addition of dexamethasone to isolated thymus cells and continue to increase until 2 h, whereas the mRNAs for proteins 4 and 5 are not increased until after 1 h. The mRNA for protein 3 is elevated by 1 h, but attempts to quantitate the change at earlier times have failed because this protein focuses poorly. The...
The Impact of Motor and Sensory Nerve Architecture on Nerve Regeneration

Sensory nerve autografting is the standard of care for injuries resulting in a nerve gap. Recent work demonstrates superior regeneration with motor nerve grafts. Improved regeneration with motor grafting may be a result of the nerve's Schwann cell basal lamina tube size. Motor nerves have larger SC basal lamina tubes, which may allow more nerve fibers to cross a nerve graft repair. Architecture may partially explain the suboptimal clinical results seen with sensory nerve grafting techniques. To define the role of nerve architecture, we evaluated regeneration through acellular motor and sensory nerve grafts. Thirty-six Lewis rats underwent tibial nerve repairs with 5 mm double-cable motor or triple-cable sensory nerve isografts. Grafts were harvested and acellularized in University of Wisconsin solution. Control animals received fresh motor or sensory cable isografts. Nerves were harvested after 4 weeks and histomorphometry was performed. In 6 animals per group from the fresh motor and sensory cable graft groups, weekly walking tracks and wet muscle mass ratios were performed at 7 weeks. Histomorphometry revealed more robust nerve regeneration in both acellular and cellular motor grafts. Sensory groups showed poor regeneration with significantly decreased percent nerve, fiber count, and density (p<0.05). Walking tracks revealed a trend toward improved functional recovery in the motor group. Gastrocnemius wet muscle mass ratios show a significantly greater muscle mass recovery in the motor group (p<0.05). Nerve architecture (size of SC basal lamina tubes) plays an important role in nerve regeneration in a mixed nerve gap model.
Woodfuels, reforestation, and ecodevelopment in highland Madagascar

The populous upland region of this island in the Indian Ocean is heavily dependent on firewood and charcoal to meet its domestic energy requirements. Rural folk collect firewood; city dwellers buy mostly charcoal. Both are used overwhelmingly for cooking. The main wood source is fast-growing but maladaptive eucalyptus and pine planted in reforestation schemes since the turn of the century. A major crisis of woodfuel supply looms in the years ahead that has its roots in population growth, wastefulness, incendiarism, economic retrogression, and administrative tinkering. Even if energy alternatives to woodfuel emerge in the long-term future, environmental rehabilitation remains the key agenda for the region. Reforestation with native trees could simultaneously address the need for wood, soil and water protection, and gene pool maintenance.
Women in Educational Research: Their Status from Student to Employee

The Committee on the Role and Status of Women within the American Educational Research Association (AERA) decided to send a series of questionnaires to universities, school districts, state departments of education, and major :esearch and development organizations in order to analyze the respective roles and statuses of men and women within AERA. The purpose of these questionnaires was to determine (a) the relative position and status of women as students in doctoral programs in education; (b) the status of women on the faculties of institutions which train educational researchers; and (c) the status of women as employees in research organizations, loce school districts, and state education departments. It was found that women consistently fall in the lower job ranks as determined by responsibility and salary. Even in job categories at the lower end of the rankings, women were paid less than their male counterparts. It was also found that most employers of educational researchers have adopted affirmative action plans, but that a discrepancy exists between adoption and implementation of these plans. While it was found that maternity leave plans are generally available, very few paternity leave plans exist--constituting further evidence of sexually discriminatory practices. Finally, it was noted that heavy reliance exists among friends and colleagues in universities or other research organizations for the recruiting of personnel, which is discriminatory since equal access cannot be guaranteed with such measures. (PB)
Forecasting emerging technologies: Use of bibliometrics and patent analysis

It is rather difficult to forecast emerging technologies as there is no historical data available. In such cases, the use of bibliometrics and patent analysis have provided useful data. This paper presents the forecasts for three emerging technology areas by integrating the use of bibliometrics and patent analysis into well-known technology forecasting tools such as scenario planning, growth curves and analogies. System dynamics is also used to be able to model the dynamic ecosystem of the technologies and their diffusion. Technologies being forecasted are fuel cell, food safety and optical storage technologies. Results from these three applications help us to validate the proposed methods as appropriate tools to forecast emerging technologies.
On the problem of forecasting prior to ‘price’ control and decontrol

The paper treats the forecasting problem in the context of a demand or supply equation, when the explanatory variable z1 = xi′z + et – the ‘price’ variable – is controlled (exogenous) in the forecast period – Case A; or vice versa – Case B. In either case, at least some parameters need to shift in value from the sample to the forecast period, and the forecasts in general need to use prior information on the forecast period values of such parameters. The paper assumes that shifts occur only πz, V(et), and the reduced-form parameters involved in the exogeneity restriction. When V(et) is the only parameter to shift, neither case calls for any prior information. In other instances, Case A is less demanding than Case B in terms of prior information needs. Among other things, the paper draws attention to the relevance of the distinction between a conditional forecast and a controlled forecast in Case B.
Growth and Development of the Fetal Rhesus Monkey ( Macaca mulatta ). II. Total Nitrogen, Protein, Lipid, Glycogen, and Water Composition of Major Organs

Growth and Development of the Fetal Rhesus Monkey ( Macaca mulatta ). II. Total Nitrogen, Protein, Lipid, Glycogen, and Water Composition of Major Organs
Unstable hemoglobin hemolytic anemia: In vitro incubation studies on erythrocytes with hemoglobin Sabine

Abstract Additional biochemical studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of the presence of an unstable hemoglobin (Hb Sabine) on metabolism of erythrocytes. In vitro incubation under physiological conditions of these erythrocytes for periods of 5–15 hours has been utilized to evaluate effects of various additives on metabolism of the cells. The addition of adenine to the blood stimulates adenine nucleotide biosynthesis and is effective in maintaining levels of adenine nucleotides. An excessive rate of breakdown of adenine nucleotides to hypoxanthine has been shown previously to be a major factor in the inability of these cells to maintain ATP. The addition of azide during in vitro incubation proved detrimental to the metabolism of these abnormal erythrocytes. This finding indicates that the immature erythrocytes of the blood are relying on oxidative phosphorylation to meet a portion of their energy needs. Neither pyruvate nor sucrose provided significant beneficial effects on the metabolism of the cells. Methylene blue stimulated the formation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, but proved harmful to the maintenance of adenine nucleotides. Effects of precipitation of denatured globin from hemoglobin Sabine on reduced glutathione and on the sulfhydryl enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were also studied following in vitro incubation. The precipitating beta polypeptide chains apparently do form disulfide bridges with reduced glutathione. However, no disulfide bridge formation with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was noted during a 15-hour in vitro incubation.
Histologic Observations of Coccoid Forms Suggestive of Cell Wall Deficient Bacteria in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The cutaneous lesions of seven consecutive patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), two patients with systemic LE, and a patient with both dermatomyositis and cutaneous LE, were studied bacteriologically and microscopically for the presence of bacteria. The study was prompted by the previous reports of variably acid-fast and non-acid-fast bacteria in other collagen diseases, and also by recent reports confirming the presence of cell wall deficient (CWD) bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria) within the hematologic elements of both "normal" and diseased individuals. Staphylococcus epidermis was isolated from four cases. Propionibacterium acnes from two cases, and Corynebacterium sp. from one case. Three cases were bacteriologically negative. Basophilic- and eosinophilic-stained coccoid forms, suggestive of CWD bacteria, were identified in the microscopic sections of all the cases, as were non-acid-fast coccoid forms. Definite acid-fast coccoid forms were observed in vivo in two cases of cutaneous LE. The complex bacteriology of LE is discussed, as well as the possibility that variably acid-fast CWD microbes might be the long sought-after etiologic agent or agents in the production of LE.
A statistical analysis of NaI D 1 profile fluctuations at the center of the solar disk

Three radial-velocity fluctuation arrays V(Δλ, Y) and line-formation fluctuation arrays L(Δλ, Y),where Δλ is wavelength displacement from the center of Nai D1 and Y is displacement on the Sun's surface along the spectrograph slit, were obtained from Sacramento Peak Observatory spectrograms. The variations of these line profile fluctuations are qualitatively described. The RMSυ's, coherences, and power spectra shapes for V(Δλ, Y) fluctuations are examined at different Δλ with the corresponding effective heights of formation calculated with Mein weighting functions. Results include: (a) possible anticorrelation between continuum fluctuations and those near line center; (b) RMS υ (cr) 's, which are root-mean-square values of the radial velocity corrected for instrumental and atmospheric blurring, are large (1.5 to 4.0 km s−1) primarily due to large corrections for atmospheric blurring; (c) RMS υ (cr) minima at effective heights of formation above 350 km suggest penetration of granulation velocities into the upper photosphere; (d) very rough determinations of RMS υ (cr) 's, which are additionally corrected for line-of-sight averaging, range from around 5 km s−1 in the low chromosphere to a sharp minimum ≤ 0.5 km s−1 located in the upper photosphere; (e) power spectra shapes reflect decreasing average fluctuation scales above the temperature minimum (possibly high-frequency oscillations) and in the low and middle photosphere (possibly penetration of granulation); and (f) RMS υ (cr) 's and average fluctuation scales suggest changes in the resolvable velocity field occurring near the temperature minimum.
Revisiting the syntactical and structural analysis of Library of Congress Subject Headings for the digital environment

With the current information environment characterized by the proliferation of digital resources, including collaboratively created and shared resources, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is facing the challenges of effective and efficient subject-based organization and retrieval of digital resources. To explore the feasibility of utilizing LCSH in a digital environment, we might need to revisit its basic characteristics. The objectives of our study were to analyze LCSH in both syntactic and relational structures, to discover the structural characteristics of LCSH, and to identify problems and issues for the feasibility of LCSH as an effective subject access tool. This study reports and discusses issues raised by the syntactic and hierarchical structures of LCSH that present challenges to its use in a networked environment. Given the results of this study, we recommend a number of provisional future directions for the development of LCSH towards further becoming a viable system for digital and networked resources. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interaction between styrene‐butadiene rubber and carbon black on heating

The interaction between a carbon black filler and styrene-butadiene rubber is increased if the material is heated after milling. This effect has been attributed to the polymeric free radicals which are presented after milling but which require a high temperature to increase their mobility to the point where they can react. The extent of interaction increases with time of heating and with the amount of milling before heating. The postulated mechanism is supported by the experimental activation energies and by the predictable influence of free radical scavengers on the system.
DETECTION OF TYPE A BOTULINAL TOXIN‐PRODUCING ORGANISMS SUBCULTURED FROM CHEESE USING AN AMPLIFIED ELISA SYSTEM

Mascarpone cheese implicated in a botulism outbreak was examined for preformed and cultural botulinal toxins using the mouse bioassay. The cheese was also assayed for cultural toxins and for the most probable number (MPN) of toxin-producing organisms/g using an amplified ELISA. No preformed botulinal toxins were discovered in the cheese samples (pH range 5.84-5.86) using the mouse bioassay. However, after cheese subculture in tryptone-peptone-glucose-yeast extract broth, type A botulinal toxin-producing organisms that formed more than 10,000 MLD (mouse lethal dose)/mL in culture were detected. The ELISA results also revealed that type A toxin was present in the culture with a sensitivity of ∼ 10 MLD/mL. The MPN of type A toxin-producing organisms/g in 12 cheese samples examined ranged from < 0.3-9.33. No ELISA cross-reactivity was noted between the type A toxic cultures and other types (B, E, or F). The ELISA sensitivity was ∼5 MLD/mL casein buffer using purified type A neurotoxin. The advantages of the ELISA test are that the toxin type and approximate lethal dose can be determined within one day compared to the mouse bioassay which takes 3–5 days.
Ultrastructural identification of a benign perineurial cell tumor

A solitary tumor which by light microscopy was calssified as a neurofibroma was found by electron microscopic study to be composed of parallel, elongate cells with collagen rich intervening matrix. The cells showed thin, polar cytoplasmic processes which extended long distances, frequent junctional complexes between cell processes, numerous surface vesicles, and either no or fragmented and variable basement membrane. Perineurial cells from small peripheral nerves of skin were demonstrated to have similar morphologic characteristics as the tumor cells. The present study, together with previous ultrastructural findings, indicate that benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors should be placed in at least three categories: Schwannoma, neurofibroma and perineurioma.
Optimal engine-transmission control of neutral-idle clutch application

Abstract Powertrain neutral idle control is a technology aimed at improving fuel economy during urban driving, as well as reducing engine vibrations transmitted to the passenger compartment. A new coordinated engine-transmission control approach for the neutral idle input clutch application phase is presented in this paper. Due to the Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) nature of the control problem, an optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) with Explicit Model Following (EMF) is used to allow the system dynamic response to track two desired trajectories for engine and turbine speeds. The results show that the proposed control strategy can achieve satisfactory performance.
Imatinib and beyond--exploring the full potential of targeted therapy for CML.

Imatinib is the standard frontline therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); however, a substantial number require alternative therapy owing to imatinib intolerance or imatinib resistance. Studies have shown that second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors are efficacious in restoring cytogenetic responses in patients who require subsequent therapy. Quintas-Cardama et al. discuss the second-generation and third-generation targeted agents that have restored cytogenetic response in patients unresponsive to imatinib, and the strategies being explored to improve the long-term outcome.
ABSORPTION OF HERBICIDES BY ROOTS

CRAFTS, A. S., and S. YAMAGUCHI. (U. California, Davis.) Absorption of herbicides by roots. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(4): 248-255. Illus. 1960.-Many herbicides are used through soil. When 2,4-D*2 was applied to culture-solution barley, bean, cotton, and Zebrinia plants, there was evidence that the herbicide is held at high concentration by the roots. Very little of the labeled compound moved into the tops of barley, Zebrina and bean; a fair quiantity was found in cotton foliage. Barley seedlings allowed to absorb 2,4-D*, ATA*, MH*, urea*, monuron*, dalapon*, simazin*, p32 and IAA* showed interesting differences. All chemicals were highly sorbed by roots, 2,4-D* was moved to tops in least amount, urea was next; the other seven were moved in larger quantities. ATA*, MH*, IAAM, p32, and dalapon* seemed readily phloem mobile; monuron* and simazin* seemed limited to xylem movement. Results are discussed in relation to the mechanism
Wordsworth in Youth and Age

The encounter between youth and age is familiar to any reader of Wordsworth, who populated his early poetry with figures of advanced age. Readers of Lyrical Ballads will recall Walter Ewbanks, Michael, and Simon Lee. The dramatic energy of the poems often arises from the gap between such imagined figures of age and a callow narrator, as in Resolution and Independence. The configuration attests to Wordsworth's urgent search in his 20s and 30s to discover how one gets from an unsettled here to an unknown there, but it is a strategy that became less available as the poet aged and became a public figure. To shed light on this significant trajectory, I bring to bear a variety of perspectives, including close reading, biography, textual and book history, the relations of word and image, and reception, on a juxtaposition of The Two April Mornings and The Fountain (both 1800) and one of Wordsworth's least-known poems, To an Octogenarian (1846).
Galileo Parachute System modification program

This paper discusses the development program conducted on the Galileo Parachute System following the slow opening performance of the main parachute during the first system drop test. The parachute system is part of the Galileo entry probe that will descend through the Jupiter atmosphere. The uncontrolled parachute opening experienced in this test was not acceptable for the probe system. Therefore, the main parachute design was modified and the system sequence was changed to prevent a recurrence. These alterations and their system effects were evaluated analytically, and in a ground test program. At the conclusion of this phase, the system drop test was successfully repeated.
Stability of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection in polypropylene syringes

Purpose. The stability of extemporaneously prepared phenylephrine hydrochloride injection stored in polypropylene syringes was studied. Methods. Dilution of phenylephrine hydrochloride to a nominal concentration of 100 μg/mL was performed under aseptic conditions by adding 100 mg of phenylephrine hydrochloride (total of 10 mL from two 5-mL 10-mg/mL vials) to 1000 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The resulting solution was drawn into 10-mL polypropylene syringes and sealed with syringe caps. The syringes were then frozen (−20 °C), refrigerated (3–5 °C), or kept at room temperature (23–25 °C). Four samples of each preparation were analyzed on days 0, 7, 15, 21, and 30. Physical stability was assessed by visual examination. The pH of each syringe was also measured at each time point. Sterility of the samples was not assessed. Chemical stability of phenylephrine hydrochloride was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. To demonstrate the stability-indicating nature of the assay, forced degradation of phenylephrine was conducted. Samples were considered stable if there was less than 10% degradation of the initial concentration. Results. Phenylephrine hydrochloride diluted to 100 μg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection was physically stable throughout the study. No precipitation was observed. Minimal to no degradation was observed over the 30-day study period. Conclusion. Phenylephrine hydrochloride diluted to a concentration of 100 μg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was stable for at least 30 days when stored in polypropylene syringes at −20 °C, 3–5 °C, and 23–25 °C.
Cutaneous irritation in the topical application of 30 antineoplastic agents to New Zealand white rabbits

Abstract Of 30 antineoplastic agents studied for their primary irratation potential in rabbits, 9 showed some potential for irritation. Five of these 9 agents produced a significant dermal irritation. None of the irritation observed was considered to be irreversible skin damage. The study further showed a strong correlation between irritation observed by the Draize method and acute inflammation evaluated hispathologically. There was a tendency toward increased epidermal thickness of irritated skin sites. None of the agents produced gross or microscopically visible lesions in the internal organs observed.
Probabilistic methods for web caching

Abstract We introduce and analyze new randomized policies for the management of web caches. The proposed policies are fully scalable, i.e., handling a hit or an eviction requires only O(1) time. Our analysis is probabilistic, in nature, and based on an extended version of the independent reference model. The extension is needed in order to deal with the varying-cost and -size features of web documents. Under this assumption, we derive closed-form expressions for the stationary probabilities of finding each possible arrangement of the documents within the cache. Our analysis shows that the performance of the proposed algorithms are close to that of the optimal off-line algorithm. Using simulations and real traces, we also show that the new algorithms perform at least as well as existing algorithms of higher complexity. Variations on the algorithms, aimed at increasing their responsiveness to non-stationary trends, are also investigated.
Time-resolved two-dimensional concentration measurements in an acoustically driven flow

A nonintrusive optical technique for making simultaneous time-resolved concentration measurements at 10,000 points within a plane intersecting an acoustically forced axisymmetric jet is described. The technique, which involves the pulsing of a laser synchronously with an acoustic perturbation, is similar to a method developed for two-dimensional mapping of concentrations using a single laser pulse. Different scattering mechanisms, including Lorenz/Mie scattering and fluorescence, have been used for mapping the concentration distributions of large-scale structures in forced axisymmetric jets.
Influence of α-adrenergic blockade on the catecholamine response to exercise at 4,300 meters

Abstract This investigation examined the influence of α-adrenergic blockade on plasma and urinary catecholamine responses to both exercise and high-altitude exposure. Sixteen nonsmoking, eumenorrheic women (age 23.2 ± 1.4 years, 68.7 ± 1.0 kg) were studied at sea level and during 12 days of high-altitude exposure (4,300 m). Subjects received either α-blockade (prazosin 3 mg/d) or a placebo in a double-blinded, randomized fashion. Resting plasma and 24-hour urine samples were collected periodically throughout the duration of the study. Further, subjects participated in submaximal exercise tests (50 minutes at 50% sea level maximum oxygen consumption [Vo 2 max]) at Sea level and on days 1 and 12 at altitude. Urinary norepinephrine (NE) excretion rates increased significantly over time at altitude, with blocked subjects having greater values compared to controls. Plasma NE levels increased significantly with chronic altitude exposure compared to sea level and acute hypoxia both at rest and during exercise. NE levels at rest were greater for blocked compared to control subjects during all conditions. Urinary and plasma epinephrine (EPI) levels increased dramatically, with acute altitude exposure returning to sea level values by day 12 of altitude exposure. EPI levels were greater for blocked compared to placebo both at rest and during exercise for all conditions studied. Changes in α-adrenergic activity over time at altitude were associated with select metabolic and physiologic adjustments. The presence of α-blockade significantly affected these responses during chronic altitude exposure. It was concluded that: (1) α- adrenergic blockade elicited a potentiated sympathoadrenal response to the stress of both exercise as well as high-altitude exposure, and (2) the sympathetics, via α-adrenergic stimulation, contribute to a number of key adaptations associated with acclimatization to high altitude.
List Scheduling Algorithm for Heterogeneous Systems by an Optimistic Cost Table

Efficient application scheduling algorithms are important for obtaining high performance in heterogeneous computing systems. In this paper, we present a novel list-based scheduling algorithm called Predict Earliest Finish Time (PEFT) for heterogeneous computing systems. The algorithm has the same time complexity as the state-of-the-art algorithm for the same purpose, that is, O(v2.p) for v tasks and p processors, but offers significant makespan improvements by introducing a look-ahead feature without increasing the time complexity associated with computation of an optimistic cost table (OCT). The calculated value is an optimistic cost because processor availability is not considered in the computation. Our algorithm is only based on an OCT that is used to rank tasks and for processor selection. The analysis and experiments based on randomly generated graphs with various characteristics and graphs of real-world applications show that the PEFT algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art list-based algorithms for heterogeneous systems in terms of schedule length ratio, efficiency, and frequency of best results.
Thermal Effects on the Compressive Behavior of IM7/PETI5 Laminates

The effect of changing operating temperature on the compressive response of IM7/PETI5 composite laminates is investigated within this paper. The three temperatures evaluated for this study were 129, 21, and 177 °C, a spectrum from cryogenic to an elevated operating temperature. Laminate compressivestrength property testing was conducted to generate strength data at the three operating temperatures of interest for several lay-ups. The Wyoming Combined-Load Compression fixture was chosen for the compression testing. The current investigation determined that the torque applied with utilizing the fixture needs to be adjusted for changing operating temperature. A three-dimensional finite element analysis model of a [90/0]8s composite laminate subject to compressive loading is developed. The model is used to study the key attributes of the laminate that significantly influence the state of stress in the laminate. Both the resin-rich layer located between lamina and the thermal residual stresses present in the l...
PERSON: A General Model of Interpersonal Perception:

A general theoretical model of interpersonal perception called PERSON (personality, error, residual, stereotype, opinion, and norm) is developed. This model reparameterizes a weighted-average model (WAM; Kenny, 1991; Kenny, Albright, Malloy, & Kashy, 1994) into six components. Two of those components refer to categorical information and 4 to behavioral information. Based on a formal model, for which parameters are estimated from previous research studies, several implications are developed. The PERSON model can explain the low level of consensus in person perception, the fact that consensus does not increase with greater acquaintance, the strong stability of interpersonal judgment, the overconfidence effect, and the fact that short-term judgments are sometimes as accurate as long-term judgments. The PERSON model generally predicts that acquaintance is not as important in person perception as generally thought.
Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia

Adaptive hypermedia is a new direction of research within the area of adaptive and user model-based interfaces. Adaptive hypermedia (AH) systems build a model of the individual user and apply it for adaptation to that user, for example, to adapt the content of a hypermedia page to the user's knowledge and goals, or to suggest the most relevant links to follow. AH systems are used now in several application areas where the hyperspace is reasonably large and where a hypermedia application is expected to be used by individuals with different goals, knowledge and backgrounds. This paper is a review of existing work on adaptive hypermedia. The paper is centered around a set of identified methods and techniques of AH. It introduces several dimensions of classification of AH systems, methods and techniques and describes the most important of them.
Miniaturized FSS and Patch Antenna Array Coupling for Angle-Independent, High-Order Spatial Filtering

A new filter-antenna array design is presented in this article. This design approach can be employed to simplify the vertical integration of array beamformers. Basically, by placing a high-order filter, whose response is not sensitive to angle of arrival, in front of the array elements, the need for integrating bulky RF filters behind each element is eliminated. A new method for design of such phased-arrays is provided here in which the bandpass filters are removed, and instead, a metamaterial-based frequency-selective surface is placed directly over the antenna to perform the necessary filtering. The small spacing between the frequency-selective surface and the antenna, which is as low as ~ ?/10, results in creation of a compact filter-antenna design. The close proximity of the surface and the antenna is utilized to achieve a proper coupling between the selective surface and the array for high-order filtering without adversely affecting the gain or scan characteristics of the array. To test the performance of this approach, a 9 × 9-element patch-array is fabricated and measured at X-band. The array is then loaded with a 0.003"-thick, single-pole frequency-selective layer at a close distance on top. The measured received power as a function of frequency exhibits an improved frequency selectivity (better than the frequency-selective surface or the array alone). An improvement of about 50% reduction in the bandwidth and significantly higher frequency roll-off rate is observed once the array is covered with the metamaterial surface.
Parton model and the Bethe-Salpeter wave function

The quark-parton model is discussed from the point of view that the quark partons are the quanta created by the Fourier transforms of the quark fields at constant ${x}^{+}$. We argue using this picture that, for a given behavior of a hadron's deep-inelastic structure function ${W}_{2}(x)$ as $x\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$, the Drell-Yan-West relation provides a lower bound on the behavior of its form factor ${F}_{1}({Q}^{2})$ as ${Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. The connection between the parton and Bethe-Salpeter descriptions of hadron structure is described and used to translate known information about the pion's Bethe-Salpeter wave function into information about the amplitude for a pion to consist of precisely two quark partons. We find that the two-parton contributions to $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}(x)$ and $F({Q}^{2})$ behave roughly like $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}\ensuremath{\propto}{(1\ensuremath{-}x)}^{2}$ for small ($1\ensuremath{-}x$) and $F({Q}^{2})\ensuremath{\propto}{({Q}^{2})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for large ${Q}^{2}$, respectively.
Stalking Behavior and the Cycle of Domestic Violence

The present study was conducted to refine the behavioral definition of stalking, investigate the role stalking plays in the cycle of domestic violence, and develop demographic profiles of stalkers and their victims. A total of 141 female undergraduates completed a questionnaire designed to assess the occurrence of threatening or violent behaviors in former heterosexual, romantic relationships. Subjects were placed in a control, harassed, or stalked group based on their responses to several questions modeled on Florida's antistalking law. The Conflict Tactics Scale was used to assess the presence of domestic violence during the relationships, and the Stalking Behavior Checklist was used to measure the occurrence of stalking behaviors after the relationships had ended. Results showed that subjects who reported significantly more verbal and physical abuse during the relationships were more likely to be stalked by their former partners after the relationships ended.
Interface Current Integral Transport Methods for the Calculation of Neutral Atom Transport in the Edge Region of Fusion Plasmas

Neutral atom transport in the edge region of fusion plasmas is characterized by extreme geometrical complexity, mean-free-paths that vary from millimetres to metres over short distances, and many orders of magnitude variation in atom density. We have proposed and are developing an interface current integral transport method as a more practical alternative to the Monte Carlo method, which is currently used for such calculations. This particular formulation of interface current methodology is described, the accuracy of the several approximations that are made in implementing the methodology are evaluated by comparison with Monte Carlo, and correction factors and extensions of the methodology, which improve accuracy, are presented. The results are formulated so as to be generally applicable to any neutral particle transport application.
A Critical Analysis of Candidacy for Penile Revascularization

Abstract Introduction Penile revascularization (PR) is a potentially curative procedure for young men with isolated arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. Standard preoperative evaluation is erectile hemodynamics (HDX) using duplex Doppler penile ultrasound (DUS) and/or cavernosometry (DIC) and assessment of cavernosal arterial anatomy by selective internal pudendal arteriography (SIPA). Aim The aim of this study was to review our experience with men who sought a second opinion from us regarding their candidacy for PR. Method Study population consisted of men (i) who presented to us for a second opinion regarding PR; (ii) who had DUS/DIC and SIPA; and (iii) had been advised by outside surgeon to undergo PR. Review of the HDX study and SIPA was conducted. Discrepancies between these studies resulted in repeating the DIC in men with normal SIPA or repeating the SIPA in men with normal HDX studies. Main Outcome Measures Discrepancies between HDX and SIPA and the results of repeat HDX or SIPA were the main outcome measures. Result Forty‐five patients participated in the study; mean age was 33 years with 4% ≥50 years old. Median vascular risk factor number was 1 (ranged 0–3). A credible trauma history was present in 11%. Thirty‐three percent had prior DIC and 49% of patients had a significant discrepancy between HDX study and SIPA, including all patients seen by a community urologist. Thirty‐eight percent had a discrepancy between side of abnormality on HDX and SIPA where both studies were abnormal (group A). Seven percent had abnormal HDX and normal SIPA (group B). Four percent had a normal HDX study with an abnormal SIPA (group C). Repeat DIC (n = 20) was conducted in groups A + B and was normal in 70% of cases. Repeat SIPA (n = 2) was conducted in group C and was normal in both patients. Conclusion Almost one half of patients had a significant discrepancy between HDX and SIPA. Of these, 73% had normal repeat studies, making them no longer candidates for penile revascularization. Dabaja AA, Teloken P, and Mulhall JP. A critical analysis of candidacy for penile revascularization. J Sex Med 2014;11:2327‐2332.
Inadvertent subclavian artery catheter placement complicated by stroke: endovascular management and review.

Background: Removal of large-bore venous catheters misplaced within the subclavian artery risks significant hemorrhage due to the noncompressible entry site. Comorbidities in these patients often make traditional surgical approaches prohibitive. Case Description: We present a case of inadvertent subclavian artery placement of a central venous catheter complicated by thromboembolic stroke, illustrate treatment with a combination of percutaneous closure and temporary balloon tamponade, and review the endovascular management of this unusual problem. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of inadvertent subclavian artery catheterization appears to be a reasonable option, and its less-invasive nature may be beneficial for patients in whom the underlying disease initially required central venous access. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cuticle synthesis and inhibition of vitellogenesis: makisterone A is more active than 20-hydroxyecdysone in female milkweed bugs

Makisterone A (24-methyl-20-hydroxyecdysone) is approximately ten times more potent than 20-hydroxyecdysone in the stimulation of cuticle synthesis and inhibition of vitellogenesis when injected into 3-day-old virgin females of Oncopeltus fasciatus. By day 6 postinjection with an active dose of makisterone A, the new cuticle appears identical in color pattern and morphology to the old adult cuticle, although the insects never undergo ecdysial contractions. Since milkweed bugs are also known to be incapable of dealkylating phytosterols, and makisterone A has been previously identified as the predominant ecdysteroid from embryonated eggs of this species, it is likely that makisterone A is the molting hormone of O. fasciatus or is closer to the structure of the indigenous hormone than is 20-hydroxyecdysone.
Highly Structured Intergovernmental Organizations and Escalation of Low-Level Armed Domestic Conflicts to Civil Wars

Conflict management benefits of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are well established in the international conflict literature. Yet, IGOs’ abilities to address conflicts within member countries are not all that well understood. This is an important omission as most recent conflicts are taking place within – as opposed to between – countries. This paper investigates how well IGOs can help mitigate the problem of armed domestic conflict by focusing specifically on the conflict phase in which low-level violence escalates to civil war. We argue that, despite a large and ever-growing number of IGOs, it is specifically those IGOs with high degrees of institutional depth that have the most impact on the evolution of domestic conflicts. These highly structured IGOs (HSIGOs) are typically most affected by domestic instability in member states, giving them an incentive to address the conflict early on and thus prevent its escalation to civil war. Furthermore, because HSIGOs tend to be more important to and have the leverage to influence member governments’ behavior, they have more ability to pressure the member governments to address grievances of potential rebel groups – lest the IGO sanction and deny privileges of membership to the state due to the conflict. Finally, facing external reputational and material costs for reneging, memberships in HSIGOs serve as credible commitment signals when governments bargain with the rebels to end the conflict. All these functions help reduce the likelihood of conflict escalation to civil war in member countries. Our expectations are confirmed with a series of tests on all domestic conflicts from 1945 to 2000.
A genotype-directed phase I study of irinotecan in advanced cancer patients

2502 Background: The risk of severe toxicity of irinotecan is in part related to the presence of common polymorphisms in UGT1A1, which codes for the enzyme responsible for the inactivation of SN-38...
The Failure of Common Sense

We have seen that the villagers’ explanations were (loosely) rational. Does this loose rationality indicate that their decisions were constructed in a rational manner? In carrying out the decision study, I collected data in the form of villagers’ explanations of their own and others’ choices. I attended to the data as indications of a pattern of intentions and motives. This is not merely a social-scientific strategy, but the normal orientation of ordinary citizens in their everyday interaction. But of course, the data were not facts of decision making; they were merely talk about decision making. My growing appreciation of this point led to the analysis presented in the previous chapter. I noticed that the propriety and the intelligibility of explanation were intimately associated with its rationality. Without this feature, which I had originally taken to be descriptive of the villagers’ decision-making processes, their talk could not be understood as successful explanation. That is, it appeared that this feature was required by the communication process itself, and therefore, its presence called for understanding by reference to the nature of that process rather than to the nature of the object or the process that was the topic of the message. More specifically, if some aspect of an explanation of behavior is a necessary feature of any successful explanation, then that aspect reveals something about explanation, but it does not (in the absence of further grounds for acceptance) imply anything about how the behavior was actually constructed. The study of these required features constitutes the investigation of the conditions of communication.
Squezzing a Little More Out of Commodities – Earning Alpha from the Thomson Reuters/Jefferies CRB Index

In this paper we use a common commodities benchmark – the Thomson Reuters/Jefferies CRB index - to construct alpha indices. We constrain the alpha indices based upon the current CRB methodology, e.g. cardinality and turnover, with one important difference – we let the commodity allocation change from month-to-month versus the current methodology’s fixed allocation. The results of our two alpha indices – one using a robust MVO (RMVO) and the other a kurtosis versus mean return optimization (MKO) – show either similar risk-adjusted returns and higher non risk-adjusted returns (RMVO) or higher returns and higher risk-adjusted returns (MKO).
Fermat's Last Theorem: Its History and the Nature of the Known Results Concerning it

(1946). Fermat's Last Theorem: Its History and the Nature of the Known Results Concerning it. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 555-578.
Age Patterns in Mental Representations of Time: Underlying Constructs and Relevant Covariates.

Background/Study Context: Research suggests that mental representations of time encompass multiple distinct aspects that vary with age, but prior studies rarely assessed more than one aspect of time perception and did not systematically consider relevant covariates. This lack of integration across studies hampers theory building and limits a deeper understanding of underlying constructs. Methods: Five widely used and conceptually distinct measures of time perception (i.e., perceived life position, global future horizons, future orientation and planning, self-continuity, and the temporal extension of episodic future thought) were administered to a demographically stratified adult life-span sample. Theoretically implicated covariates, including cognition, current affect, personality, and subjective health, were also assessed. Results: Principle component analyses suggested a four-component solution. Perceived life position and global future horizons formed a single component reflecting subjective life span; the remaining measures each constituted separate components. The life span component and episodic future thought were negatively associated with age, self-continuity was positively associated with age, and future orientation did not vary by age. Among the covariates, mental and physical health showed the most pronounced associations with time perceptions, but the direction of effects varied across components. Conclusion: Findings suggest that mental representations of time encompass multiple components that show distinct age patterns and associations with covariates. Implications for theory building and practical applications are discussed.
Research progress on application of electronic sensory evaluation system for meat quality

The safety of meat quality is an important issue,and the sensory evaluation is one of the methods for quality assurance.Simulating human's sense organs makes the electronic sensory analysis technology become a useful way to evaluate food quality.Researchers at home and abroad studied the applications of various electronic sensory system such as electronic nose,electronic tongue and electronic eyes.They applied the systems to meat quality evaluation,meat type identification,meat freshness evaluation,meat microorganism analysis and shelf life forecast.All the applications showed that electronic sensory system provided a good way for meat quality detection and analysis.Although there were also many problems existed for the application of electronic sensory system,with the development of information technologies such as sensors and WSN,it will become online,smart,professional and become more and more popular in the use of meat quality detection and analysis.
Analysis on Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescent

In recent years,there has been an upward trend in the incidence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and related diseases in children and adolescent,and hence,domestic and foreign scholars have carried out various studies on the risk factors of MS.Recent studies about the relationship between MS and children obesity,age,gender,race,ethnicity,lifestyle,genetic factors have been reviewed in this paper so as to find their correlations.
A New Economic Order Without Violence

Diagnosis of capitalist economics as the ideology of an unlimited totalization of individualistic and negative freedoms (“freedom from”), which undermine and destroy all non-utilitarian registers of meaning, especially the moral and political, and provide a means and a mask for the rich to rule. Neo-liberalism diagnosed as an ersatz repetition (first tragedy, then comedy, but no one is laughing) of the once legitimate militancy of classical liberalism against traditional privileges of land and blood, but now turned against the social democratic reforms legitimated and required by the exaggerations and distortions of that same early liberalism, i.e., against positive social freedoms and duties (T. H. Green), from the side of liberalism, and against the commitments to democratic and peaceful means (E. Bernstein), from the side of Marxism, both of which acknowledge responsibilities for the common weal.