cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey on Impact of Operational Policies and Procedures on Patient Satisfaction at a Rural Free Healthcare Clinic in Florida.

Aims Free healthcare clinics provide highly necessary services for the populations they serve, particularly in rural, low socioeconomic areas. When assessing for quality of clinic performance, it is important to consider the background of the population it serves in addition to observations given by clinic volunteers. Contextualizing the healthcare challenges patients face will help the clinic assist them to a greater capacity. Here, we assess how different areas of clinic operations (service, safety, accessibility, interactions with volunteers, and wait time) impact patient satisfaction in the setting of a small, rural, free clinic. Methods Eligible participants were asked to fill out an anonymous, 21-question survey that assessed their experiences and perspectives on various aspects of the clinic. The study was single-blinded with clinic staff unaware of the nature of the study. Results Thirty-five patients responded to the survey. Overall, patients were extremely satisfied with the clinic with an average Likert score of 4.8/5; 14 of 15 categories scored a four or higher. Wait time scored lowest (3.6/5), with waits up to eight hours. Additionally, we found that transportation was not a major barrier to patients, with 80% arriving by personal transport. Conclusions The clinic provided valued and satisfactory services without coming across as discriminatory to the community. Areas of improvement include wait times, role clarification, and better integration of medical students. Additional studies to further understand the community will facilitate tailoring healthcare to a rural underserved population in the Southeastern United States.
Mortgage spreads, asset prices, and business cycles in emerging countries

Abstract We investigate an unexplored link between the US mortgage spread and business cycle and asset price fluctuations in emerging market economies (EMEs). Controlling for changes in global financial risk, an increase in the US mortgage spread leads to substantially lower EME output, investment, consumption, house and stock prices, and to a contraction in lending by global banks to EMEs. The explanatory power of US mortgage spread shocks for EME macroeconomic fluctuations increases with EME exposure to lending by global banks. This explanatory power is greatly reduced when we turn off the response of EME stock prices to movements in the US mortgage spread in a counterfactual experiment, demonstrating the channel through which US mortgage spread shocks are transmitted to EMEs. The US mortgage spread is a key driver of business and asset price cycles in EMEs when extending the baseline model with additional domestic and foreign variables, and considering alternative country subgroups.
Journalism Hybridization in Postcolonial Societies: Paradigm Adaptation Tensions in Post-Apartheid South Africa

A news reporting scandal implicating South Africa’s Sunday Times in allegations of facilitating state capture during the regime of former president Jacob Zuma provoked debate over the proper journa...
Predictive Microbial Modeling of Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 Inactivation during Baking of a Multicomponent Low-Moisture Food.

ABSTRACT The use of baking ovens as a microbial kill step should be validated based on results of thermal inactivation models. Although traditional isothermal models may not be appropriate for these dynamic processes, they are being used by the food industry. Previous research indicates that the impact of additional process conditions, such as humidity, should be considered when validating thermal processes for the control of microbial hazards in low-moisture foods. In this study, the predictive performance of traditional and modified thermal inactivation kinetic models accounting for process humidity were assessed for predicting inactivation of Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 in a multi-ingredient composite food during baking. Ingredients (milk powder, protein powder, peanut butter, and whole wheat flour) were individually inoculated to achieve ∼6 log CFU/g, equilibrated to a water activity of 0.25, and then mixed to form a cookie dough. An isothermal inactivation study was conducted for the dough to obtain traditional D- and z-values (n = 63). In a separate experiment, cookies were baked under four dynamic heating conditions: 135°C, high humidity; 135°C, low humidity; 150°C, high humidity; and 150°C, low humidity. Process humidity measurements; time-temperature profiles for the product core, surface, and bulk air; and microbial survivor ratios were collected for the four conditions at six residence times (n = 144). The traditional isothermal model had a high root mean square error (RMSE) of 856.51 log CFU/g, significantly overpredicting bacterial inactivation during the process. The modified model accounting for the dynamic time-temperature profile and process humidity data was a better predictor with an RMSE of 0.55 log CFU/g. These results indicate the importance of accounting for additional process parameters in baking inactivation models and that model performance can be improved by utilizing model parameters obtained directly from industrial-scale experimental data. HIGHLIGHTS
Immunological effector mechanisms in HIV-1 elite controllers.

Purpose of review HIV-1 elite controllers encompass small populations of people infected with HIV-1 who can spontaneously control plasma viral loads below the limit of detection, in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. Antiviral immune responses are likely to contribute to such an impressive HIV-1 disease outcome. In this review, we discuss recent novel findings regarding antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses in elite controllers. Recent findings Elite controllers maintain a pool of infected cells in which intact HIV-1 proviruses are more frequently integrated into noncoding regions of the host genome, likely conferring a state of deep latency. This atypical viral reservoir configuration is best explained by potent antiviral immune responses that can successfully eliminate virally infected cells in which proviruses are integrated into permissive chromatin. However, identifying the specific type and nature of this immune selection pressure represents a formidable challenge. Recent studies continue to support the role of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells as the main driver of elite immune control of HIV-1, however, increasing evidence suggests that their role is complemented by a fine-tuned interplay with innate immune cell subsets. Therefore, the combination of different immune effector mechanisms may shape antiviral immunity in elite controllers. Summary Understanding the complex immune mechanisms responsible for natural, drug-free HIV-1 control represents a premier avenue to find and develop interventions for a cure of HIV-1 infection. Future single-cell assays designed to uncover the full genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional and functional complexity of antiviral immune responses in elite controllers may allow us to define correlates of antiviral immune protection in greater detail.
Quercetin alleviates high-fat diet-induced inflammation in brown adipose tissue

Abstract Inflammation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) causes BAT to lose its ability to regulate energy metabolism, which exacerbates obesity development. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of quercetin on BAT in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Quercetin reduced proinflammatory and macrophage genes and increased antioxidant genes in the BAT of HFD-fed mice and in TNFα-induced brown adipocytes. In addition to increasing silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) levels, quercetin suppressed nuclear translocation and increased deacetylation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) subunit p65. The effects of quercetin on SIRT1 and NFκB p65 deacetylation disappeared in SIRT1-knockdown brown adipocytes. MicroRNAs that negatively regulate SIRT1 were downregulated in the BAT of HFDQ-fed mice. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin improves obesity-induced inflammation in BAT by suppressing the NFκB pathway through activation of SIRT1.
Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum: Management of a Rare Esophageal Diverticula

Killian-Jamieson diverticulum (KJD) is a rare presentation of esophageal diverticulum. It is located beneath the cricopharyngeal muscle and arises laterally from the Killian-Jamieson space. The pathogenesis is postulated to be from increased intraluminal pressure. Most patients with KJD are typically asymptomatic; however, a common clinical presentation is dysphagia. Demographics of patients with KJD are typically elderly, in which the majority are female and over 50 years old. Due to less frequent diagnosis of KJD, there are a limited number of case studies compared to Zenker's diverticulum, the more common presentation of esophageal diverticulum. In this case study, we discuss an atypical case presentation in a young, African-American female.
THE ANEMIA OF INFECTION, VI. THE INFLUENCE OF COBALT ON THE ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION

plastic in cases of anemia associated with infection,’ the anemia is refractory to therapy, being relieved only when the underlying infection is successfully eradicated. The anemia is accompanied by a profound metabolic disturbance as indicated by the finding of hypoferremia, hypercupremia, and elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels.’ It is recognized, also, that infection is associated with a disturbance in protein metabolism; thus the serum albumin decreases, and increased excretion of urea in the urine has been reported.3 As part of a study of the pathogenesis of the anemia associated with inflammation, and in an attempt to find a means whereby the failure to form hemoglobin might be overcome, it was considered of interest to study the effect of cobalt. By the administration of cobalt, polycythemia can be produced in many laboratory animals.4’5 The increase in red cells and hemoglobin has been reported as being due to an actual increase in red cell mass,6’7 and an increase in reticulocytes in the blood has been observed. The mean corpuscular volume was found increased, owing mainly to greater cell thickness,7 the bone marrow becomes hyperplastic,’.9 and metaplasia occurs in the spleen, liver, and kidneys.9’10 The administration of cobalt was found to overcome the anemia produced by the toxic action of benzol in rabbits’ and that caused by protein deficiency in rats” and was even reported to relieve the physiologic and nutritional anemia of children.” Kleinberg and his associates’ found that in rabbits made anemic by the injection of 0.5 to 1.0 ml. of benzene for a period of � weeks, the daily administration of 50 ml. of cobalt nitrate overcame the anemia despite the continued administration of benzene. The marrow of the control benzene rats was fatty and aplastic, while the marrow of the rats treated with cobalt and benzene was hyperplastic. It has been shown by Dorrance et al)#{176} that the work performance of rats having cobalt polycythemia is increased under conditions of anoxia, thus indicating that the increased hemoglobin is useful for oxygen carriage.
Initialization of Tropical Cyclone Structure for Operational Application

Abstract : The long-term goal of this project is to improve the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis, structure, and intensity changes through improved representation of 3-dimensional TC structure in operational weather forecast models. The accurate prediction of TC genesis, structure, and intensity changes is critical to Navy missions and civilian activities in coastal areas. Significant gains have been made in TC track prediction over the past decades. However, genesis and intensity forecasts have shown very little progress during the same time period. A primary contributing factor to our lack of skill in predicting TC genesis and intensity is an inadequate representation of initial axisymmetric and asymmetric TC dynamic and thermodynamic structures. TC initialization is a universal problem in nearly all current operational weather forecast systems, as indicated in a recent HFIP workshop. By conducting both idealized Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) and real-case TC forecast experiments, we intend to tackle the weaknesses in current operational weather forecast models. We propose a combined TC dynamic initialization-3DVar data assimilation approach. The key component of this new scheme is a TC dynamic initialization (TCDI) package. The TCDI package includes three steps. The first step is the decomposition of the TC vortex from its environmental field. The second step is a dynamic initialization with the full nonlinear dynamics and physics, which forces the first guess field toward the observed central minimum pressure, given realistic asymmetric heating profiles. The third step is to add the newly generated TC field into the environmental field and use it in the subsequent 3DVar assimilation. After the TCDI is completed, the 3Dvar assimilation follows. A preliminary OSSE study was conducted and the results show that this new approach greatly improves both TC symmetric and asymmetric dynamic and thermodynamic patterns.
Replanning Using Hierarchical Task Network and Operator-Based Planning

To scale-up to real-world problems, planning systems must be able to replan in order to deal with changes in problem context. In this paper we describe hierarchical task network and operator-based replanning techniques which allow adaptation of a previous plan to account for problems associated with executing plans in real-world domains with uncertainty, concurrency, changing objectives. We focus on replanning which preserves elements of the original plan in order to use more reliable domain knowledge and to facilitate user understanding of produced plans. We present empirical results documenting the effectiveness of these techniques in a NASA antenna operations application.
Human biglycan gene. Putative promoter, intron-exon junctions, and chromosomal localization

Biglycan (PG-I, DS-PG-1, PG-S1) is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan that is closely related in structure to two other small proteoglycans, decorin (PG-II, PG-S2, DS-PG2, or PG-40) and fibromodulin. The core protein is made up predominantly of a series of 11 tandem repeats that appear to have been used throughout evolution for protein-protein, protein-cell, or cell-cell interactions. The function of biglycan is unclear at this time, but it has been shown to bind transforming growth factor beta in vitro. We have cloned and partially sequenced the approximately 8-kilobase pair human biglycan gene. The gene consists of eight exons including one in the sequence that encodes the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA. The first and seventh introns are approximately 1 kilobase pair, while the remainder are shorter. With the exception of the first two introns, all of the introns are spread throughout the hydrophobic repeat domain. The 500-base pair 5' to the start of transcription contains several elements that strongly suggest that it contains a significant amount of the gene promoter. The elements include one AP2 and five SP1 consensus sequences. Like in many other genes, the biglycan gene promoter lacks both a CAAT and TATA box but is rich in GC content. Using 3H-labeled cDNA and in situ hybridization and autoradiography of human chromosomes, the human gene was localized to the end of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq27-ter). The relationship of biglycan to a number of other proteins containing the leucine-rich repeats is discussed with respect to homologies of cysteine regions immediately adjacent to the repeat sequences.
Cytocompatibility of Y 2 O 3 and CeO 2 containing bioactive glasses to aid spinal cord recovery

SiO 2 -SrO-Na 2 O glasses containing incremental amounts of yttrium (Y) and/or cerium (Ce), previously developed and characterized, were assessed for cytocompatibility using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay with L929-fibroblast cells and MC3T3-osteoblast cells. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed LP-HY (78%–133% viability ) and LP-YCe (17%–194% viability) glass extracts maintained cytocompatibility at the majority of doses and time periods, in comparison with the osteoblast control cell population.
Robustness of network-wide broadcasts in MANETs

Network-wide broadcast (NWB) is a common operation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which are used to discover routes in routing protocols and to disseminate information in group communication operations. NWB is commonly performed via flooding, which has been shown to be expensive in dense MANETs due to its high redundancy. Existing NWB algorithms target reducing the overhead of NWB operations. In this work, we target another problem that can substantially impact the success of NWBs: since MAC level broadcasts are unreliable, it is possible for critical rebroadcasts to be lost, leading to a significant drop in the node coverage. This is especially true under heavy load and in sparse topologies. We show that the techniques that target reducing the overhead of flooding reduce its inherent redundancy and harm its reliability
The challenges of genome information management: a practical experience

While the accumulation of information on human biology and health is a primary motivation for the human genome initiative, little attention has been paid to how such information will be organized or functionally related to the genomic sequence. This stems from two issues. First, genetic data is complex and multi-layered. Medical genetic information ranges from structural (nucleotide, nucleotide position, mutation position, gene organization, chromosomal assignment) to functional (type of gene, gene expression, biochemical studies), to population-based (frequencies of mutations in different racial/ethnic groups), to clinical-based (family studies, genotype/phenotype correlations) etc. The magnitude of such data will continue to push the limits of information management and integration systems. Second, no portion of the human nuclear genome yet sequenced has been studied extensively enough to generate the magnitude of data that would necessitate the development of an integrated genetic information system.This talk will present an overview of the challenges that confront biologists and the database specialists in terms of creating a useful repository of information that addresses both the above issues. We will describe the MITOMAP system (http://www.gen.emory.edu/mitomap.) which we have developed in collaboration with themolecular genetics department at Emory University by focusing on the mitochondrial genome 3/4 a very small yet very significant subset of the genome.We will discuss the modeling, design and implementation issues of creating this repository. and the issues we have dealt with and the enhancements we propose to make. The system is being developed as a tool for researchers in biomedical science and clinical medicine. It will serve the biological community at large and will be an aid for further work in practical applications such as pharmaceutics or gene therapy.
Handbook of Seafood and Seafood Products Analysis. Edited by M. L. Leo and Fidel Toldra Nollet

The editors have assembled a worldwide group of 75 experts to present an across-the-board discussion of analytical methods that assess seafood quality and safety for a wide-range of wild and farmed...
Geographic variation in environmental factors regulating outmigration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts

The environmental cues that regulate smoltification and trigger downstream movement by salmon should vary across space in response to differences in the predictability of favorable conditions for m...
Effect of difference in odd-and even-mode wavelengths on a parallel-coupled bandpass filter

The difference in odd- and even-mode wavelengths on a parallel-coupled bandpass filter leads to an asymmetric filter response. This asymmetry may be corrected by defining an equivalent dielectric constant, by means of which the lengths of the filter sections are to be computed.
Vortex instability in molybdenum-germanium superconducting films

We studied the high driving force regime of the current-voltage transport response in the mixed state of amorphous molybdenum-germanium superconducting films to the point where the flux flow becomes unstable. The observed nonlinear response conforms with the classic Larkin-Ovchinikov picture with a quasiparticle-energy-relaxation rate dominated by the quasiparticle recombination process. The measured energy relaxation rate was found to have a magnitude and temperature dependence in agreement with theory.
Hydrogen activation and metal hydride formation trigger cluster formation from supported iridium complexes.

The formation of iridium clusters from supported mononuclear iridium complexes in H2 at 300 K and 1 bar was investigated by spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The first steps of cluster formation from zeolite-supported Ir(C2H4)2complexes are triggered by the activation of H2 and the formation of iridium hydride, accompanied by the breaking of iridium–support bonds. This reactivity can be controlled by the choice of ligands on the iridium, which include the support.
Application of deep-UV resist for 0.25-um metal and poly processing

Implementation of DUV (248 nm) into 0.25 micrometers production requires an understanding of the associated process complexity. With DUV resists, this encompasses addressing issues of profile integrity on various substrates, etch resistance, and adequate process margin to achieve optimum performance in production. A goal of implementing DUV processes directly into already established flows without modifications to substrates, forces the resolution to these issues. To investigate the ability of accomplishing this with DUV resists, this study concentrates on pattern capability over various bottom organic ARL (gate level) and TiN (metal) substrates. The first part of this study explores issues of resist profile integrity at the resist/ARL interface, resist and ARL etch rates and the resist/ARL systems are used. Improved performance over topography is also noted for specific resist/ARL combinations. Simulations of resist linewidth versus resist thickness show a large reduction in the swing curve amplitude for all ARLs with little difference in switch ratio between ARL materials. Experimental resist swing curves also demonstrate a large reduction in the resist swing curve for all ARLs. However, the resist profile at the ARL interface transitions from a very slight foot to a small undercut as resist thickness show similar capability between each ARL in suppressing standing waves, modeling shows that at least part of this profile change can be attributed to the phase and amplitude of the residual standing wave at the resists/ARL interface. Regarding process performance, a focus latitude of up to 1.0 micrometers with nearly vertical profiles is achieved for 0.25 micrometers equal lines and spaces. Etch rate results show a large difference between the materials with the ARL to resist ratios range from 0.7 to 1.2. The second part of this evaluation addresses patterning DUV resists on TiN/metal substrates. The amount of footing depends on the resist used and can be reduced for a given resist through process optimization. Using an optimized process for a given resist, a k1 factor of 0.53 is achieved with 1.1 micrometers of resist on TiN. Etch rate tests demonstrate adequate resist remaining after etching the full metal stack. These results demonstrate significant improvements in compatibility between DUV resist and new bottom organic ARLs or TiN. While fundamental issues that caused degradation of resist profiles have been reduced or eliminated, process flexibility is still limited by resist/substrate combinations that lead to poor performance. New generations of resists that overcome these compatibility issues allow for integration into existing flows without flow or substrate modifications. However, until more substrate tolerant DUV resists are developed, manufacturing with DUV will require layer specific resist processes.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Development of boron carbide as a suitable substrate for physisorption studies

Adsorption isotherms of Ar and CH 4 were used to study the suitability of boron carbide as substrate for physisorption. Samples from three different groups of boron carbide were used. The samples were subjected to different cleaning treatments. The best results were obtained on powders and on whiskers heated to 1770°C in a N 2 atmosphere. There are four resolvable steps in multilayer adsorption isotherm data measured on these high-temperature-treated substrates. Detailed monolayer adsorption data measured at 77.3 K for CH 4 on these samples reveal the presence of substep near monolayer completion. This feature is probably related to a solidification transition in the monolayer as the coverage is increased. The specific surface areas of the boron carbide samples used range between 0.3 and 0.15 m 2 /g. Our results indicate that boron carbide can, when cleaned at sufficiently high temperatures, result in a suitable substrate for physisorption studies.
Using virtual reality to investigate complex and contextual cue reactivity in nicotine dependent problem drinkers.

Abstract Alcohol and cigarette smoking frequently co-occur among adults in the U.S., resulting in a myriad of deleterious health outcomes. Cue reactivity has been posited as one factor that precludes individuals from overcoming alcohol and nicotine dependency. While cue reactivity studies have focused on the impact of proximal cues on cue reactivity, much less is known about the unique impact of complex and contextual cues. This pilot study compares nicotine and alcohol cue reactivity among a sample of nicotine dependent, daily drinkers (N = 21) across neutral, party, and office courtyard virtual reality (VR) contexts embedded with proximal smoking cues to: 1) explore and compare the effects of complex nicotine cues on alcohol cross-cue reactivity between nicotine/alcohol dependent drinkers and nicotine dependent/non-alcohol dependent daily drinkers, and 2) assess the effectiveness of VR for eliciting cue-induced nicotine craving responses using complex nicotine cues. Nicotine dependent/non-alcohol dependent drinkers had significantly lower craving for alcohol in the non-alcohol congruent office courtyard VR scene and there was no difference in the alcohol-congruent party scene when compared to the alcohol dependent group, suggesting that the non-alcohol dependent daily drinking group was more likely to react to contextual cues. Consistent with prior cue reactivity studies, dependent smokers experienced significantly higher craving for nicotine in the VR smoking congruent contexts compared to the neutral contexts; however, nicotine/alcohol dependent participants did not return to baseline craving after exposure to smoking cues. These results suggest substantive differences in the ways that nicotine-dependent, daily alcohol drinkers and nicotine/alcohol dependent drinkers experience craving, whether cross-cue or traditional.
Underlying source of the relation between polypeptide conformation and strength of NH···O hydrogen bonds

Abstract Previous calculations have revealed that the NH···O bond between a dipeptide NH and a proton acceptor is considerably weaker when the dipeptide is in its extended C5 conformation than in the C7 structure. The present work uses quantum chemical methods to determine the underlying reason for this different behavior. With regard to the pertinent NH group, the two dipeptide conformers show very little difference in total electron density or in the character of the low-lying vacant molecular orbitals which might act as sinks for electron density from the proton acceptor. There is also little evidence that a weak intramolecular H-bond within the C5 structure is able to influence the ability of the NH group to participate in an intermolecular bond. Energy decomposition analysis points toward electrostatic interaction as the chief factor in the different behavior of the C5 and C7 structures. Further analysis reveals that the proximity of the carbonyl O atom of the dipeptide, with its partial negative charge, toward the NH group changes the character of the electrostatic potential in the C5 geometry, making NH a less attractive target for an incoming proton acceptor.
From Desert Shield To Desert Storm: Success, Strife, Or Quagmire?

This real time evaluation of decisions during the Gulf Crisis were done to establish the utility of systematic evaluations based on the tenets of the micro-economic theory of expected utility. The expected utility framework used assumes that decision-makers evaluate the costs and benefits associated with viable choices seeking the largest net gain for each group at acceptable levels of risk. The forecast and simulations shows the initial and eventual resolution based on an analysis of group preferences, potential influence and salience. The results, based on data obtained in September 1990, show, first, that Iraq would dominate oil supplies without US military intervention. Second, that US intervention was essential to solidify the coalition that eventually liberated Kuwait. Third, that Mr. Hussein could not be dislodged; and the internal dissent, culminating in the Shia' and Kurdish rebellions, would be crushed. Analysis of missed opportunities shows that the best option for peace was a Saudi Arabia led ...
M-Order generalized Frobenius partitions with M colors

Abstract In 1984 G. E. Andrews introduced the idea of generalized Frobenius partitions (Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 301, 1984). Since that time they have been the subject of quite a bit of research. In this paper we present an alternative form of the generating function for M-order generalized Frobenius partitions with M colors and show that for M = 5, 7, 11 they are closely related to ordinary partitions. We also present the Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher expansion for cφ M (n) , the number of M-order generalized Frobenius partitions of n with M colors.
Impact of carbon sources on growth and oxalate synthesis by the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The impact of various supplemental carbon sources (oxalate, glyoxylate, glycolate, pyruvate, formate, malate, acetate, and succinate) on growth and oxalate formation (i.e., oxalogenesis) by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied. With isolates D-E7, 105, W-B10, and Arg-L of S. sclerotiorum, growth in an undefined broth medium (0.1% soytone; pH 5) with 25 mM glucose and 25 mM supplemental carbon source was increased by the addition of malate and succinate. Oxalate accumulation occurred in the presence of glucose and a supplemental carbon source, with malate, acetate, and succinate supporting the most oxalate synthesis. With S. sclerotiorum Arg-L, oxalate-to-biomass ratios, an indicator of oxalogenic potential, were dissimilar when the organism was grown in the presence of different carbon sources. The highest oxalate-to-biomass ratios were observed with pyruvate, formate, malate, acetate, and succinate. Time-course studies with acetate-supplemented cultures revealed that acetate and glucose consumption by S. sclerotiorum D-E7 coincided with oxalogenesis and culture acidification. By day 5 of incubation, oxalogenesis was halted when cultures reached a pH of 3 and were devoid of acetate. In succinate-supplemented cultures, oxalogenesis essentially paralleled glucose and succinate utilization over the 9-day incubation period; during this time period, culture pH declined but never fell below 4. Overall, these results indicate that carbon sources can regulate the accumulation of oxalate, a key pathogenicity determinant for S. sclerotiorum.
Molecular structure of [(tBu)2Al(μ-Cl)]2

The molecular structure of (tBu)3Al[O=C(OPh)2] has been determined. The increase in the C=O bond distance [1.258(4) A] when compared to free O=C(OPh)2 [1.191(3) A], is presented in respect to the activating ability of aluminum Lewis acids. Crystal data: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 10.653(2), b = 18.486(4), c = 14.551(3) A, β = 108.07(3)°, and V = 2724.3(9) A3 for Z = 4.
ST-Segment—Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Guidelines and the Challenge of Real-World Patient Care

ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious condition that requires early, aggressive management to reduce infarction damage and the risk of mortality. Although evidence-based guidelines recognize the clear benefits of early effective reperfusion in STEMI, a number of barriers interfere with prompt delivery of care. Delays in treatment that exceed current evidence-based recommendations often plague reperfusion with either fibrinolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Treatment delays and STEMI outcomes have improved with the coordination of STEMI management by involving active participation from community-based emergency technicians, on-site emergency physicians, interventional cardiologists, nurses, ancillary PCI staff, and hospital administrators. Under investigation are new therapeutic strategies that take advantage of improved coordination of care, such as the administration of bolus fibrinolytic therapy in the prehospital environment followed by immediate transfer of the patient for PCI. This approach may shorten the time to effective reperfusion and improve outcomes. Ongoing studies will help in determining the role this facilitated-PCI strategy may play in effective management of STEMI.
Hoop Dreams: Professional Basketball and the Politics of Race and Gender

This article focuses on development of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA), exploring the gendered and racialized meanings that surround both male and female professional basketball players. It examines the social, cultural, and political consequences of the challenge the WNBA poses in terms of shifting these meanings. Professional male basketball players, especially Black men, have been marketed as fetish objects, so much so that personality, glamour, and “bad boy” behavior have become the primary hallmarks of the sport. In light of these narratives, this article argues that increasingly, WNBA athletes are rhetorically marked as a “return to the game.” Although problems remain, including access to funding, media exposure, and general credibility as a sport, this article speculates on what the WNBA can tell us about a more general shift in popular culture regarding representations of masculinity and femininity.
Time-evolved optical properties of liquid crystalline molecules

While many studies have focused on the computation of static properties of small organic molecules, dynamic fluctuations can introduce important perturbations to the electronic structure and subsequent optical properties. In this paper, we present results from combined molecular dynamics/quantum mechanical calculations on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of 5-alkyl-cyanobiphenyl molecule. As opposed to the static structure commonly used in computations of optical properties, the dynamic picture requires a number of configurations with unique optical properties. As an example, the torsion angle between the phenyl rings in the optimal static picture is 40.1 degrees, but is better described as a probability distribution in the time dependent problem. Simulations of the nematic phase using periodic boundary conditions further emphasize the importance of these fluctuations on the electronic structure of this system.
Computer simulation of barrier-island migration

Abstract Five depositional subenvironments are commonly recognized in barrier island complexes: lower shoreface, middle shoreface, beach-upper shoreface, eolian, and lagoon. Facies belonging to these subenvironments can be characterized in terms of primary structures and sediment attributes. The facies assemblages which occur in the geologic record differ according to strandline still-stand, transgression, or regression and rates of basin subsidence. A FORTRAN program was developed to produce graphic output to aid in understanding facies relationships produced by these controlling parameters.
Liquid Architectures: Marcos Novak&#146;s Territory of Information

The contemporary idea for interaction has embraced new understandings of the content of experience and the structure of space. New electronic technologies and advanced digital media have separated realities from the realm of the body and transformed experiences into ubiquitous events. The architectural discourse, once largely a discourse of form and style, has overcome these limitations and encountered, in territories of information, the product of a new way of thinking. Marcos Novak emerges in this context of multimedia as an innovative creator whose "liquid architectures" represent a break with the traditional discourse of physicality. His creations are meant for a virtual domain, and information is what structures this new territory for architectural practice. With respect to Novak's structures, the approaches to virtual spaces posited by scholars of new media culture over the past few decades, either through phenomenological aspects of the bodily existence and modes of experience or through the poststructural metaphoric manifestation of codes and symbols, do not suffice. While Novak's work does embrace both philosophies, it also transcends them by crossbreeding the reality of the individual with the virtuality of the structure. Indeed, his architectures require a new concept of space to come forward, where the manifestation of the mind in the realm of the body calls for what is to be perceived as real. Architecture is now characterized by the fusion of information, art, and technology
Superunified theories based on the geometry of local (super-) gauge invariance

Based on the geometry of local (super-) gauge invariance, a theoretical framework for constructing superunified theories is given. The main ingredients of this approach are (a) a method of constructing invariants associated with unconstrained gauge theories and (b) the concept of "constrained" geometries for the description of gravity and supergravity as well as the choice of their gauge groups. It is argued that any unified theory must contain gravity, and then, to retain the invariances of pure gravity theory, such a theory must be a superunified one. The formalism is then applied, respectively, to pure gravity, gravity coupled to Yang-Mills fields, simple supergravity, and SO(2)-extended supergravity. Important properties of these theories are discussed in detail.
A Microprocessor Based Mobile Radiation Survey System

A microprocessor-based system has been designed and constructed to enhance the performance of routine surveys on roads within the Hanford site. This device continually monitors system performance and output from four sodium iodide detectors mounted on a 4-wheel drive truck. The gamma radiation count rate in counts-persecond is monitored, and a running average computed, with the results compared to predefined limits. If an abnormal instantaneous or average count rate is detected, an alarm is sounded with responsible data displayed on a liquid crystal panel in the vehicle's cab. The system also has the capability to evaluate detector output using multiple time constants and to perform more complex tests and comparison of the data. Data can be archived for later analysis on conventional chart recorders or stored in digital form on magnetic tape.
The Planning Paradigm: The Marriage between Clinical Operations and Project Management

The success of clinical trials involves a strong bond between clinical operations and project management throughout the life cycle of a project and clinical development plan. A concentrated effort ...
Neuronal morphology, axonal integrity, and axonal regeneration in situ are regulated by cytoskeletal phosphorylation in identified lamprey central neurons

The CNS of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) contains giant, individually identifiable neurons that can be microinjected intracellularly in the living animal. We have used the unique accessibility of this system to investigate the role played by serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases in regulating cytoskeletal stability in identified reticulospinal neurons (ABCs) in situ. Injection of broad spectrum kinase and phosphatase inhibitors induce marked changes in ABC gross morphology and in the extent and morphology of sprouts induced by axotomy. The kinase inhibitor K-252a causes regenerating sprouts to be longer and narrower than those seen in control preparations, and significantly reduces the diameters of axon stumps; this latter effect is similar to the effect of microinjecting anti neurofilament (NF) antibodies. By contrast, the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) causes the selective disruption of axonal integrity, blocking axonal regeneration and causing axon stump retraction in axotomized ABCs. The microtubule (MT) disrupting drug colchicine has an effect similar but less marked than OA on ABC axonal morphology. Both OA and colchicine also induce the formation of large somatodendritic swellings in axotomized (but not intact) ABCs by 1-3 weeks post-injection. Immunocytochemical analyses indicate that both colchicine and OA treatments result in the destabilization of MTs and the phosphorylation of NFs, while OA induces the accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein in some dendritic swellings. Control injections of inactive substances have none of these effects. These results suggest that OA does not have its primary effect on NF assembly at the doses used, but may block axonal regeneration by inducing a prolonged disruption of axonal MTs, possibly via an indirect mechanism involving the hyperphosphorylation of tau and other MAPs. K-252a, on the other hand, may interfere with NF assembly and sidearm phosphorylation, thereby reducing NF transport into both axon stumps and sprouts and in turn reducing sprout diameter. The implications of these results for the respective roles of MTs, MAPs, and NFs in axonal regeneration in the vertebrate CNS are discussed.
Credibility on the internet: shifting from authority to reliability

Purpose – This paper seeks to understand how users determine credibility in the internet environment from a conceptual level and the implications of these new methods of credibility determination on internet tools (primarily software) and services.Design/methodology/approach – The author first examines the underlying reasons for increased dependence on the internet for information, using electronic commerce as a starting point. The central concept of “information self‐sufficiency” is introduced and then examined through the lens of the internet and conversation theory.Findings – The author finds that users are shifting from more traditional “authority” methods of credibility determination, where users cede determinations to trusted third parties, to a “reliability” approach where users seek commonalities and coherence among multiple information sources. This has led to an increased pressure for participation and openness at all levels of the internet.Research limitations/implications – Studies on users an...
A pilot project for improving paediatric diabetes outcomes using a website: the Pediatric Diabetes Education Portal

We created a website for patients and families that allowed them to review clinic test results, review educational materials related to these results and post questions to their diabetes educator. Fingerstick haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing and periodic use of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) were offered to all patients. The HbA1c and CGMS results were posted to the website after each clinic visit. A total of 52 patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in the study. There were 16 patients with HbA1c values within ADA guidelines and 16 with HbA1c values above guidelines; 20 patients were excluded for various reasons. Users of the website were defined as families who logged in four or more times over the six-month study period. For patients whose HbA1c started above ADA guidelines, the mean HbA1c for website users decreased from 10.5% (SD 2.2) at baseline to 9.1% (SD 1.2) after six months. In the non-users, the mean HbA1c increased from 9.5% (SD 1.5) at baseline to 10.4% (SD 2.5). However, ...
Arginine uptake through a novel cationic amino acid:K+ symporter, System R+, in brush border membrane vesicles from larval Manduca sexta midgut

A concentrative uptake of arginine into brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from the midgut of Manduca sexta larvae was driven by an inwardly directed K+ gradient. The pH-dependence of the initial rate of arginine uptake between pH 7 and 10.5 paralleled the titration curve of the amino acid, suggesting that cationic arginine is the principal ionic form that is transported. In the presence of K+, at pH 7.4, arginine uptake was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by arginine and lysine but not by any other naturally occurring amino acids; it was also cis-inhibited by homoarginine and ornithine. Taken together, these data argue that arginine, lysine and their analogues share a cationic amino acid:K+ symporter (cotransporter), which we will designate as System R+. This novel symporter has a substrate spectrum similar to that of the uniporter, System y+, in that it accepts arginine+, lysine+, homoarginine+ and ornithine+ and rejects histidine. However, it differs from y+ in that it is cation-dependent and is almost inactive at pH 5.5.
Moisture absorption and diffusion in an underfill encapsulant at T > T g and T < T g

Moisture absorption and diffusion behavior of an underfill material used for electronic packaging with a glass transition temperature (T g) slightly above room temperature have been investigated by the sorption thermogravimetric analysis technique. It has been found that moisture diffusion in this material follows the Fick’s diffusion model, and moisture absorption–desorption is reversible and repeatable. Based on moisture-induced mass gain versus time curve, the diffusion constant can be determined. It was found that below T g, moisture diffusivity exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence, which changes to a different Arrhenius temperature dependence as the temperature increases to T > T g. The change in diffusivity from T < T g to T > T g is accompanied by a significant decrease in the energy barrier for moisture diffusion. Results shed light on the change in moisture diffusion in polymer-based materials in the glassy and the rubbery state.
Analyses Of “Teaching”

(1974). Analyses Of “Teaching”. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 59-67.
“Why Can't You Say You Are from Bangladesh?”: Demographic Anxiety and Hindu Nationalist Common Sense in the Aftermath of the 2008 Jaipur Bombings

This article examines the feedback loop between governmental technologies of enumeration and surveillance and Hindu nationalist common sense that creates and sustains what I call “demographic anxiety” about Bangladeshi immigrants and Indian Muslims in the north Indian city of Jaipur. A series of bombings in 2008, rapidly and erroneously attributed to Bangladeshi infiltrators, brought to light the role of these forms of knowledge in struggles over city space and possible urban futures in Jaipur, as well as an incoherent but widespread construction of the demographically aggressive Muslim. I argue that “Bangladeshi” has thus become a mobile signifier that catches up disparate ways of “knowing” local populations. Drawing on personal and research experiences in Jaipur City and newspaper and other media accounts of the bombings, I track the mobilization of this signifier and its material consequences, particularly as they pertain to the fate of Jaipur's “Bangladeshi Basti,” which became the site of intense pol...
Foreign Investment and Trade Dependence

This article explores the relationship between foreign capital investment and trade dependence in less developed economies. Dependency and world system theorists have argued that foreign investment...