cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of modifiers on the hydrolysis of esters and peptides by carboxypeptidase A

Abstract In the course of kinetic investigations of carboxypeptidase A we have found that N-substituted products of hydrolysis of certain synthetic peptide and ester substrates activate peptidase but inhibit esterase activity. Similar effects have been observed with a number of compounds, referred to collectively as modifiers, which have properties analogous to those of such N-terminal blocking groups (2,10–12). The present communication extends our previous reports concerning these phenomena and relates them to the kinetic data currently available on carboxypeptidase catalysis.
Reflections and Refractions: Arab American Women Writing and Written

At a time when the American popular imagination is dominated by fun-house refractions of Arabs and Muslims as the ultimate "other," it is critical that these images be counterbalanced by unmediated, first-person, authentic reflections of the real-life experiences of writers of Middle Eastern heritage. This is where fiction and narrative non-fiction occupy a privileged position, creating an intimate, expansive space for empathy and identification, and serving generality through specificity.
Surgical treatment of metastatic melanoma

BACKGROUND: The survival of patients with metastatic melanoma is poor. The response rates for chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been low, with no real improvement in survival. We reviewed the results of surgical resection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent resection of metastases from melanoma from 1979 to 1994. RESULTS: There were 77 patients (44 men, 33 women, mean age 51 years). Metastases were resected from soft tissue (n = 28), abdominal viscera (n = 22), lung (n = 15), and brain (n = 12). Forty-four patients had complete resections, and 33 had incomplete resections. Sixtyfive patients had solitary lesions and 12 had multiple lesions resected. The overall 5-year survival rate was 10%. Patients with solitary lesions had a 5-year survival rate of 12%, compared with 0% for patients with multiple lesions (P = 0.01). Patients with complete resection had a 5-year survival rate of 15%, compared with 4% for patients with incomplete resection (P < 0.001). Patients with complete resection of solitary lesions had a 5-year survival of 18%. There was no difference in survival between synchronous and metachronous resection. Gender, primary site, disease-free interval, and metastatic site had no impact on survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that patients with metastatic melanoma should be resected for (1) relief of symptoms such as obstruction and bleeding, (2) solitary lesions that can be completely resected, (3) serial lesions that can be completely resected, and (4) selected cases that can be rendered macroscopically free of disease. Surgical resection is superior to any other available therapy for metastatic melanoma.
Co-expression of AMPA/kainate receptor-operated channels with high and low Ca2+-permeability in single rat retinal ganglion cells

The patch-clamp technique was used to record whole-cell currents induced by α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-propionic acid (AMPA) or kainate in solitary rat retinal ganglion cells (n = 125)in vitro. Two groups of retinal ganglion cells could be distinguished according to their responses to kainate or AMPA in extracellular solutions with Ca2+ as the only permeant cation. The ratio of the steady-state currents evoked by a given concentration of AMPA compared to kainate was low (0.08) in the first group and high (0.61) in the second group of retinal ganglion cells. The Ca2+ permeability through AMPA/kainate receptor-operated channels was low (PCa2+PCs+< 0.1) in the first group (n = 74, 59%) and moderate (PCa2+PCs+= 0.53) in the second group (n = 51, 41%) of retinal ganglion cells. The fraction of the total current induced by stimulation of non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors that is flowing through Ca2+ permeable AMPA/kainate channels in single cells with high Ca2+ permeability was estimated by comparing the current-voltage relationship in extracellular solutions with either Ca2+ or Na+ as the sole charge carrier. The contribution of Ca2+-permeable channels to the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor induced whole-cell current in single Ca2+ permeable cells (n = 12) ranged from 40 to 70%, correlating with the intermediate level of Ca2+ permeability (Ca2+PCs+= 0.22−0.80) measured by an independent method in these cells. Thus, single Ca2+-permeable cells appear to express at least two types of AMPA/kainate receptor-operated channels with high or low Ca2+ permeability. Using the polymerase chain reaction, transcripts for the glutamate receptor subunits 1–4, including their “flip” and “flop” versions, were identified in retinal ganglion cells. Together, these findings suggest that among rat retinal ganglion cells there are differences in the pattern of expression of AMPA/kainate receptor-operated channels. Moreover, individual cells co-express multiple heterologous non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors with distinct functional properties. The functional diversity of these receptors may play an important role in controlling Ca2+ entry into neurons. We speculate that the low Ca2+ permeability and the preference for kainate in one group of retinal ganglion cells may be due to the predominant expression of non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors containing the edited form of the glutamate receptor subunit 2 flop splice variant.
How to analyze binding, enzyme and uptake data: The simplest case, a single phase

The results of many biochemical, pharmacological and physiological experiments fit a rectangular hyperbola. Several methods for analysis of this curve have been developed but these techniques have not been readily available to researchers who are not interested in becoming mathematical statisticians. We have reviewed these analytical methods and concluded that, the Eadie-Hofstee technique is the best choice. We explain how to use this method and include sample calculations and calculator programs. We are especially interested in showing scientists who are not particularly mathematically inclined how to use these methods effectively and thus save a great deal of time and expense.
Total energies and magnetic moments in Fe, V, and ordered FeV.

First-principles band calculations based on the augmented-spherical-wave method and the fixed-spin-moment procedure are used to determine the volume dependence of the total energy, the spin-polarization energy, and the local magnetic moments of bcc iron and vanadium and ordered FeV in the CsCl structure. At compressed volumes, FeV shows a second-order transition from nonmagnetic to magnetic behavior similar to bcc iron. For FeV, the calculations yield a theoretical lattice constant that is 1.4% below the experimental value, and iron and vanadium local moments of 0.66${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ and zero, respectively, in agreement with neutron-diffraction measurements. The local moments are antiparallel at large volumes and parallel at small volumes, and the vanadium local moment vanishes at or near the theoretical equilibrium volume. The bulk modulus of FeV is found to be larger than that of both bcc vanadium and spin-polarized iron and is close to the average of vanadium and non-spin-polarized iron.
Mate Selection and Marriage: A Psychodynamic Family-Oriented Course:

The seminar described in this article deals with training psychologists and related professionals in the area of premarital education, via counseling and testing. Theoretically, the seminary is grounded in an integration of psychodynamic theory and psychology of the family, and focuses specifically on mate selection factors operating at the unconscious level. Each unit of the course is described briefly, with representative resources included. The presentation ends with a description of the class project and a summary of course evaluations.
Nicarchus AP 11.328 and Homeric Interpretation

In this paper I argue that Nicarchus AP 11.328 is not merely a parody of the tripartite division of the cosmos recounted at Iliad 15.189-93. This epigram also exploits ancient lexicographical research (i.e. the precise meaning of the adjective eρeις) as well as scholarly discussions on Homeric interpretation (i.e. the allegorical reading of Il. 15.189-93 as a reference to the four elements; the meaning of πντα at Il. 15.189; and the issue of Olympus’ relation to earth and sky). The result is a scoptic epigram that cleverly parodies both Homer and certain interpretive strategies of ancient ‘Homeric Professors’. Finally, this study inscribes AP 11.328 in the wider category of epigrams against grammarians, and shows that Nicarchus uses a parodic technique similar to that recently pointed out in some neglected specimens of Homeric parody, such as the Batrachomyomachia or Crates SH 351.
Limb deficiency syndrome in half-sibs.

A newly recognized limb deficiency syndrome in half-sibs is described. The similarity of the limb malformations is suggestive of genetic etiology, which is discussed.
Optimal ordering and pricing policies in a single-period environment with multivariate demand and markdowns

This paper investigates a single-period inventory model in which the demand of the product is a deterministic, multivariate function of price, time, and level of inventory. Models are formulated for the basic pricing case and the case with a price markdown during the season. Solution methodologies are presented for each case when the pricing decisions are predetermined and when they are decision variables. Comments on the practical use of this model are presented, and sensitivity analysis is conducted on the decision variables and demand parameters.
Thermally stable high molecular weight polyoxymethylenes

In this, the first of a series of five papers, the historical development of formaldehyde polymers, beginning with the work of Butlerov and continuing through the investigations of Staudinger and his collaborators, is reviewed. Recent studies in these laboratories have led to thermally stable high polymers of formaldehyde. Initiators and the role of impurities in the polymerization are described. An explanation is offered to account for differences in thermal stabilities between old and new polymers. Esterification, by which further increases in thermal stability are achieved, is described. It is proposed that the generic term “acetal resin” be used to described high polymers that are composed of repeating oxymethylene units.
Deforestation and shrinking crop gene-pools in Amazonia.

Deforestation in Amazonia is eliminating wild genepools of many crop-plants. Wild or spontaneous populations of at least 50 perennial crops are at risk, including the Rubber tree and Cacao, as well as several crops emerging from relative obscurity, such as Peach-palm (which is now being planted extensively for palmito production), Annatto (which produces a natural red dye), and Brazil-nut.
A Meta-analysis of the Spacing Effect in Verbal Learning: Implications for Research on Advertising Repetition and Consumer Memory

The effects of repeated advertising exposures depend on the size of the interval, or space, between ad exposures. A meta‐analysis of 97 verbal learning studies identified several stimulus characteristics and learning context factors that interact with stimulus spacing to facilitate memory for repeated information. The majority of the findings are consistent with the predictions of two enhanced processing explanations of learning—the retrieval hypothesis and the reconstruction hypothesis. These two hypotheses predict that an effective repetition strategy should encourage incidental processing during one presentation of the material and intentional processing during the other presentation of the material, but the hypotheses differ about the optimal order of these two types of processing. Thus, the most effective repetition strategy may be a combination of spaced exposures that alternate in terms of media that are involving (e.g., television commercials) and less involving (e.g., billboards, product placements).
When Thailand was an island – the phylogeny and biogeography of mite harvestmen (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Stylocellidae) in Southeast Asia

Aim To develop a comprehensive explanation for the biological diversity of Southeast Asia, especially in the Wallacea and Sundaland regions. This study focuses on a group of arachnids, mite harvestmen, which are thought to be an extremely old group of endemic animals that have been present in the region since most of its land supposedly formed part of the northern rim of the supercontinent Gondwana. Location Eastern Himalayas, Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, and New Guinea. Methods Approximately 5.6 kb of sequence data were obtained from 110 Southeast Asian Cyphophthalmi specimens. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted under a variety of methods and analytical parameters, and the optimal tree was dated using calibration points derived from fossil data. Event based and paralogyfree subtree biogeographical analyses were conducted. Results The Southeast Asian family Stylocellidae was recovered as monophyletic, arising on what is now the Thai-Malay Peninsula and diversifying into three main clades. One clade (Meghalaya, here formally placed in Stylocellidae) expanded north as far as the eastern Himalayas, a second clade entered Borneo and later expanded back across the Sundaland Peninsula to Sumatra, and a third clade expanded out of Borneo into the entire lower part of Sundaland. Molecular dating suggested that Stylocellidae separated from other Cyphophthalmi 295 Ma and began diversifying 258 Ma, and the lineage that inhabits mostly Borneo today began diversifying between 175 and 150 Ma. Main conclusions The topology and molecular dating of our phylogenetic hypothesis suggest that Stylocellidae originated on Gondwana, arrived in Southeast Asia via the Cimmerian palaeocontinent, and subsequently diversified north, then south. Their present distribution in the Indo-Malay Archipelago is explained largely by a diversification over the Sundaland Peninsula before western Sulawesi departed and the peninsula was extensively inundated.
WEB ORIENTATION OF THE BANDED GARDEN SPIDER ARGIOPE TRIFASCIATA (ARANEAE, ARANEIDAE) IN A CALIFORNIA COASTAL POPULATION

Abstract Magnetic heading (direction the spider's ventrum faced) and web inclination (degree of slant from the vertical) in Argiope trifasciata Forskal, a diurnal orb-weaving spider, were studied at a coastal site in southern California for nine weeks in fall 1999. Throughout the study, A. trifasciata largely occupied east-west oriented webs with their venters facing south and southwest. Mean magnetic heading was unaffected by ambient temperature extremes. Inclination levels varied from week to week over an approximately 5° range. However, these changes followed no discernible pattern and were independent both of the sun's decrease in maximum altitude during the course of the study and of magnetic heading. Since the ventrum of A. trifasciata is dark, the consistent southern orientation exhibited by spiders at our study site suggests that they sought to maximize solar radiation in an attempt to gain heat. In addition, the east-west, facing-the-sun orientation of webs at this site places them parallel to th...
Utilization of health promotion and wellness services among middle-aged and older adults with multiple sclerosis in the mid-west US

SUMMARY Routine engagement in healthy behaviors may improve quality of life in older adults with chronic disabling conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, older adults with chronic conditions may face many barriers to engaging in healthy behaviors. Health promotion and wellness services may help older adults with chronic conditions engage in healthy behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the use of and unmet needs for heath promotion services among middle-aged and older adults with MS. Data from a cross-sectional telephone survey of individuals aging with MS in the mid-west USA were used for this study (n ¼ 1282). A multinomial regression model was used to identify variables associated with the utilization of health promotion services. A logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with unmet needs for these
Adaptive enhancement of synchronous generator stabilizer performance using a parameter optimization technique

A continuous-time parametrically optimized adaptive self-tuning regulator (POSTR) is proposed for the design of power system stabilizers. This POSTR consists of an identification scheme which identifies the nonlinear power system with a predictive model and a control technique based on parameter optimization to derive the control law. The control design consists of choosing a suitable regulator structure and then tuning the associated parameters. The proposed stabilizer design technique has flexibility in specifying the order and the structure of the regulator, which offers advantages in selecting and autotuning well-known effective controller structures. Simulation study results are presented which show that the proposed technique outperforms the fixed parameter conventional stabilizer and the adaptive minimum variance self-tuner. >
Realist Activity Theory for Digital Library Evaluation: Conceptual Framework and Case Study

A critical yet largely unexamined facet of digital library design and use is how library content is assembled and vetted, which in turn has profound implications for ongoing digital library usefulness and usability. This article presents a social realist evaluation framework for an activity theoretic case study of the Flora of North America digital library. Social realist evaluation is a relatively new evaluation paradigm, positing that outcomes follow from mechanisms acting in contingently configured contexts. Because this study focuses on the digital library content vetting process, a significant part of the present analysis concerns the publication subsystem of the Flora of North America digital library – Collaborative Publishing Services – and how problems related to its design and use facilitates our ability to explain the Flora of North America not only as a functioning digital library project, but as a contradiction-driven organizational form in expansive development. Activity theory is a philosophical and cross-disciplinary framework for studying different forms of human practices in a multi-level, stratified manner, developmentally in time and through space. This intensive case study of the Flora of North America digital library illustrates that while social realism, itself content-neutral mechanics of explanation, provides a i>real foundation for activity theoretic analyses of work and technology, activity theory supplies a conceptually and substantively rich vocabulary for explanatory reasoning about technologically mediated social practices, such as digital library assemblage and use.
Anomalous electrochemical and electron spin resonance properties of some biologically relevant methoxyl‐substituted quinones

The proton hyperfine coupling constants for the family of methoxyl-substituted semiquinones in aqueous solution have been determined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. These data and the electrochemical midpoint potentials for the corresponding series of substituted quinone/hydroquinone couples are discussed. Neither the additivity principle describing quinoidal hyperfine coupling constants nor the Hammett substituent relationship predicting electrochemical behavior are obeyed by these methoxyl-substituted quinones. It is shown, however, that the experimental data can be rationalized in terms of neighboring group interactions that occur between adjacent methoxyl substituents. Such perturbations apparently lead to a breakdown of hyperconjugation between the electronic bonding structure of the quinone ring and the methyl group of the methoxyl moiety. It is pointed out that ubiquinone is a dimethoxyl compound whose properties are determined by such neighboring group interactions. This observation may have important consquences for the fabrication of ubiquinone analogs and quinone-based drugs.
Shadows and Wind: A View of Modern Vietnam

The article reviews the book “Shadows and Wind: A View of Modern Vietnam,” by Robert Templer.
Optical characterization of a polarization imager

Polarization is a fundamental property of light for which humans have no innate detector. Numerous sensors have been devised to capture this property of light. Of these types of sensors, division of focal plane polarimeters allow for both high resolution and real-time capture of the angle and degree of polarization. This paper details a formal system of measurements designed to categorize the optical performance of one such sensor. Specifically, this paper details methods for evaluating the accuracy of both the degree and angle of polarization as functions of intensity, wavelength, and camera orientation for a division of focal plane polarimeter.
New insights into the pathogenesis and management of juvenile systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis remains one of the most clinically challenging diseases for rheumatologists and patients continue to suffer from a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality. Even though the pathogenesis of the disease remains complex and poorly understood, new research over the past several years have brought us closer to an understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and complications (e.g., fibrosis, immunological abnormalities, vasculopathy). Emerging clinical data suggest that juvenile Systemic Sclerosis (jSSc) differs from systemic sclerosis in adults in both its presentation and clinical course. This review summarizes recent developments in the understanding of the immune pathogenesis and new therapeutic options for the treatment of jSSc.
Virulence factors in Escherichia coli.

Drews et al. convincingly demonstrate a lower prevalence of beta-hemolysis and papEF among nalidixic acid- or ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli urine isolates from their locale, compared with susceptible isolates (1). However, several of the authors' assumptions and conclusions deserve comment. First, in studies not cited by Drews et al., similar (and more extensive) associations have been demonstrated among extraintestinal E. coli isolates for ciprofloxacin resistance, nalidixic acid resistance, and multidrug resistance (3-8). Thus, the present study is confirmatory, rather than adding “a new dimension to previous work.” Second, the concept that “fluoroquinolone resistance is linked to loss of beta-hemolysis and papEF” must be strongly challenged. There actually is no evidence that the hemolysin- and pap-negative strains ever had these traits and, consequently, that they have lost them. On the contrary, abundant evidence now indicates that quinolone-resistant and -susceptible E. coli clinical isolates represent two quite distinct populations. Resistant isolates derive predominantly from non-B2 E. coli phylogenetic groups, within which hemolysin and pap are quite uncommon, whereas susceptible isolates tend to be from (virulence factor-rich) phylogenetic group B2 (3-6). Thus, differences in phylogenetic distribution can largely account for observed differences in virulence factor prevalence between resistant and susceptible isolates (3-5). Likewise, experimental data now show that conversion to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli is not accompanied by significant loss of virulence genes (2). Finally, it is unclear what proportion of the isolates studied by Drews et al. truly represented “uropathogenic” E. coli, since urine organisms were collected without epidemiological data regarding clinical manifestations (or lack thereof) and underlying host status. Thus, an undefined proportion of the isolates likely represented low-virulence colonizers or opportunists, rather than true pathogens.
A Note on Self‐Explanation as a Training Tool for Novice Auditors: The Effects of Outcome Feedback Timing and Level of Reasoning on Performance

This study extends a previous experiment (Earley 2001), showing how a “self‐explanation” training intervention promoted learning in an auditing context. A causal model is proposed to examine the effect of providing outcome feedback (i.e., the correct answer) prior to or after self‐explaining on the level of reasoning exhibited in self‐explanations, and then the effect of level of reasoning on performance. The model was tested through an experiment in which auditors were trained to assess the reasonableness of client‐provided discount rates used in real estate valuation. The following three relationships were tested: (1) the effect of outcome feedback timing on the level of reasoning exhibited, (2) the effect of outcome feedback timing (without considering reasoning level) on performance, and (3) the diminishing effect of outcome feedback timing on performance when level of reasoning is introduced as a covariate, with level of reasoning then having a significant effect on performance. The results support t...
Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in the Conterminous United States

The U.S. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database provides detailed soil mapping for most of the conterminous United States (CONUS). These data have been used to formulate estimates of soil carbon stocks, and have been useful for environmental models, including plant productivity models, hydrologic models, and ecological models for studies of greenhouse gas exchange. The data were compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) from 1:24,000-scale or 1:12,000-scale maps. It was found that the total soil organic carbon stock in CONUS to 1 m depth is 57 Pg C and for the total profile is 73 Pg C, as estimated from SSURGO with data gaps filled from the 1:250,000-scale Digital General Soil Map. We explore the non-linear distribution of soil carbon on the landscape and with depth in the soil, and the implications for sampling strategies that result from the observed soil carbon variability.
Open Architecture Controllers for Machine Tools, Part 1: Design Principles

In Part 1 of this two-part paper, we review the development of open architecture controllers for machine tools. General design principles are described, followed by specific hardware and software recommendations. These specific recommendations are then used for the construction of an open architecture device, MOSAIC-PM, (Machine tool Open System Advanced Intelligent Controller for Precision Machining). The machine has now been used in a wide variety of experiments to demonstrate open architecture control. These experiments include sensor based machining, rapid prototyping and manufacturing over the Internet. In Part 1, a specific application on feature based precision machining with on-machine acceptance is described. A more specific implementation of a quintic spline interpolation method is described in Part 2.
Framework and algorithms for collaborative compression

We present a framework for considering the problem of compressing large collections of similar sequences. In this framework, an unknown individual sequence is modified several times independently to obtain the collection of sequences to be compressed. For certain collections generated by context-dependent bit flips of the individual sequencepsilas bits, and for those generated by simple edit operations on the individual sequence, we derive universal compression algorithms that compress the collection of sequences almost as well as an optimal compressor that has knowledge of the underlying individual sequence and the modifying processes.
The Differential Phase Pattern of the CSU CHILL Radar Antenna

Abstract The measurement of the differential propagation phase and copolar correlation coefficient are affected by the differential phase pattern of the antenna system when operating in an alternate horizontal and vertical transmitting scheme. Direct phase pattern measurements of a large dish such as that of the CSU CHILL is difficult because of the need to obtain phase reference. A simple technique is devised to measure the differential phase pattern of the CSU CHILL antenna system. The measurements are subsequently used in the evaluation of the antenna imposed limit on the copolar correlation coefficient.
Vascularized Fibula Grafts

The reconstruction of large skeletal defects has posed a challenging problem to the orthopedic surgeon.Such defects may be a result of trauma,infection,tumor resection,or reconstruction of congenital differences.Moore,Weiland,and Daniel have shown that for skeletal defects less than 6 cm, conventional cortical or cancellous bone grafts may prove satisfactory (1).However,for larger defects, or in a poorly vascularized tissue bed,conventional bone grafting results in an unacceptably high rate of complications.These include fatigue fracture,failure of incorporation,and nonunion (1).Such complications often lead to multiple surgical procedures and the need for prolonged immobilization.To prevent such complications,Moore et al.(1)and others (2, 3, 4, 5)have recommend employing a microvascular bone transfer when reconstructing skeletal defects greater than approximately 6 cm in length, or in poorly vascularized tissue beds.
Architecture for free space optical networks (invited paper)

Free-space optical networks have serious block erasures due to atmospheric turbulence and require an entirely new network architecture from Layer 1 to Layer 4 for big data flows.
Strategies and Techniques to Directly Address Sexual Desire Problems

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder and conflicts about intercourse frequency are the 2 major sexual concerns that bring couples to therapy. Rather than relying on traditional sensate focus exercises, this conceptual/clinical article presents strategies and techniques to directly address sexual desire problems. There were 3 sets of psychosexual skill exercises described with guidelines for implementation: (1) Employ core exercises to promote sexual comfort, attraction, trust, and each partner creating a preferred sexual scenario; (2) Build bridges to sexual desire; and (3) Develop a couple sexual style that promotes strong, resilient desire.
Management of concussion in collision sports. Guidelines for the sidelines

Preview Concussions are common in collision sports, and potentially catastrophic. Team physicians need to be adept at recognizing them and grading their severity. When can an athlete who has experienced a concussion safely return to competition? What clinical findings point to skull fracture? What symptoms call for neuroimaging? Dr Fick addresses these and other questions in this valuable overview aimed at physicians with limited experience in sidelines management of head injuries.
Packaging the conservative revolution

‘Packaging the Conservative Revolution’ assesses the role of conservative think‐tanks, particularly the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and the Heritage Foundation, in engineering conservative prominence in national affairs. While AEI and Heritage have been particularly effective in promoting conservatism to legislators and the public, serious problems emerge from their analyses. The anti‐welfare state bias of AEI projects reflects the dominance of Fortune 500 executives on its Board of Directors. Theoretical manipulation by AEI project directors raises questions about the purpose of their work. Heritage, for its part, has proposed analogues to governmental programs. Notably, Heritage has provided important intellectual support to the traditionalist movement. As conservative think‐tanks grow and influence national affairs, the impartiality and quality of their work become important factors in understanding national politics.
Embracing fair-use: One University's Epic journey into copyright policy

Abstract The Library's Circulation Department at Colorado State University-Pueblo began using Docutek's ERes system on a limited basis during fall semester 2002. The nuts and bolts of implementing the ERes system were relatively simple compared to the challenge of revising our reserves policy to accommodate electronic reserves. While the staff realized the necessity of tightening up lax practices that become more glaring in electronic format, convincing the university community proved more challenging.
Relation of cotton plant nectar to longevity and reproduction of the cotton leafperforator in the laboratory.

Moths of Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck lived significantly longer on cotton with nectaries than on the nectariless counterpart, resulting in larger F1 larval populations on, and greater feeding damage to, the nectaried cotton. Cotton nectar apparently is an important food source for the moths and essential to their normal development. The potential for controlling this insect by use of plant characters is indicated.
ID: 37: SILENT BUT DEADLY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS TRIGGERING AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS

Introduction To consider that viruses, more specifically cytomegalovirus (CMV), can trigger autoimmune hepatitis. Case Report 54 year-old female presents with new onset jaundice, which was associated with abdominal distension, lower extremity edema and 10 pound weight gain. She has no history of intravenous drug use, blood transfusions, any new sexual partners in over 8 years or a family history of liver disease. The physical examination was remarkable for spider angiomata, icteric sclera, ascites, and edema. The results of the biochemical analysis of the blood were the following: Liver enzymes were all elevated ALP 162 U/L, GGT 65 U/L, AST 154 U/L, ALT 72 U/L. Furthermore, her autoimmune workup was significant for an elevated ANA titer of 1:640, anti-smooth muscle ab titer 1:40 and a significant increase in immunoglobulins specifically IgG which was 4100 mg/dL. Interestingly, CMV Ab IgM was positive at 36.6 u/mL as well as CMV Ab IgG, which was positive at >10.00 u/mL. The rest of the work up was unremarkable in regards to hepatitis A, B, C, HIV, HSV, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), alpha1 antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, iron level, ferritin and antimitochondrial ab. A liver biopsy was performed which showed heavy infiltration with lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cells, interface hepatitis, bridging necrosis, and fibrosis. These pathologic and laboratory findings led us to a definitive diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) Type 1. In the setting of positive CMV IgG and IgM ab titers, we suggest that the trigger for AIH in this case was a preceding CMV infection. Her evolution was satisfactory under corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy. Discussion Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic hepatocellular inflammation and necrosis of unknown cause. The most supported pathogenesis of AIH postulates that a combination of environmental triggers, failure of immune system tolerance and a genetic predisposition that may induce a T cell–mediated immune attack against the liver. Case studies in the literature report AIH being triggered by virus and drugs. There is evidence of cross-reactivity between anti-LKM1 and antibodies against homologous regions of cytomegalovirus (exon CMV130-135). This case could explain an association between cytomegalovirus infection and autoimmune hepatitis. As clinicians, it is difficult to diagnose autoimmune hepatitis because its presentation can be acute, severe, asymptomatic or chronic. Diagnosis requires multiple findings and exclusions of similar diseases. When excluding, make sure viral etiologies are part of the differential, which in this case is CMV. If indeed a trigger is required to set off a sequence of events leading to autoimmune hepatitis in these predisposed individuals, viruses are among the most likely candidates.
Abstract B168: Dietary polyphenols inhibit pepsin and prevent airway epithelial cell hyperproliferation associated with laryngeal cancer.

A number of otolaryngologic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases are associated with gastric reflux extending proximal to the esophagus. Extraesophageal reflux, also known as laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), increases the risk of developing laryngeal cancer by approximately two-fold and analyses of neoplastic development in patients with prior gastrectomy suggest that nonacid components of refluxate promote laryngeal carcinogenesis as well. Clinical and basic science research implicates gastric pepsin as a key deleterious agent of LPR. Our previous research demonstrates that pepsin at pH7 induces hyperproliferation and inflammatory and cell cycle regulatory gene expression changes in airway epithelial cells in vitro. Acid suppression therapy through proton-pump inhibitors (PPI9s), the most commonly prescribed therapeutic for reflux, has demonstrated minimal efficacy in resolution of LPR-attributed disease. Phytochemicals derived from algae, pine, and most recently Noni fruit, however, have been shown to not only attenuate reflux-attributed lesions and inflammation in rat models of disease but also directly inhibit peptic activity. This study examines the potential of plant polyphenols curcumin, ecabet sodium (ES) and an anthocyanin-enriched fraction of freeze-dried black raspberry (BRB) to inhibit peptic activity and pepsin-mediated cell damage and proliferative changes in cultured human laryngeal and pharyngeal cells. Cultured human laryngeal epithelial cells from punch biopsy, pharyngeal carcinoma (FaDu) and gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells were pre-treated with/without curcumin (10uM), ES (125ug/ml) and BRB (100ug/ml) for 30 minutes, rinsed and subsequently treated with/without nonacid pepsin (0.1mg/ml, pH7.0) for 1 hour. Morphological changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy and proliferative changes by cell count assay and realtime PCR array (curcumin only). Direct inhibition of peptic activity was determined by in vitro kinetic assay. Curcumin, ES and BRB significantly inhibited peptic activity (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B168.
Lack of correlation between initial vascular resistance and responses to vasoconstrictor stimuli in the perfused canine hindpaw.

SummaryThe effect of initial vascular resistance on the vascular responses of the perfused canine hindpaw to nitroglycerin, norepinephrine, tyramine, sympathetic nerve stimulation and angiotensin was evaluated. Initial resistances were altered by (a) vasodilator drugs (nitroglycerin and prostaglandin B1) and (b) background infusions of norepinephrine and prostaglandin B2. Over a wide range of initial vascular resistances, the absolute magnitude of dilator responses of the perfused canine hindpaw to nitroglycerin is directly proportional to the level of initial vascular resistance. Over the pressure range of most physiologic and pharmacologic perfusions (80-400 mm Hg; 2.7-18.5 peripheral resistance units), the change in resistance produced by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves and intraarterial norepinephrine, tyramine and angiotensin was independent of the initial vascular resistance and the mode by which these resistances were altered. Although the larger total vascular resistances developed when init...
Effects of Distance to Care and Rural or Urban Residence on Receipt of Radiation Therapy Among North Carolina Medicare Enrollees With Breast Cancer

Background Distance to oncology service providers and rurality may affect receipt of guideline-recommended radiation therapy (RT), but the extent to which these factors affect the care of Medicare-insured patients is unknown. Methods Using cancer registry data linked to Medicare claims from the Integrated Cancer Information and Surveillance System (ICISS), we identified all women aged 65 years or older who were diagnosed with stage I, II, or III breast cancer from 2003 through 2005, who had Medicare claims through 2006, and who were clinically eligible for RT. We geocoded the address of each RT service provider's practice location and calculated the travel distance from each patient's residential address to the nearest RT provider. We used ZIP codes to classify each patient's residence as rural or urban according to rural- urban commuting area codes. We used generalized estimating equations models with county-level clustering and interaction terms between distance categories and rural-urban status to estimate the effect of distance to care and rural-urban status on receipt of RT. Results In urban areas, increasing distance to the nearest RT provider was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving RT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.97) for those living more than 20 miles from the nearest RT provider compared with those living less than 10 miles away. In rural areas, those living within 10-20 miles of the nearest RT provider were more likely to receive RT than those living less than 10 miles away (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.08-2.76). Limitations Results may not be generalizable to areas outside North Carolina or to non-Medicare populations. Conclusion Coordinated outreach programs targeted differently to rural and urban patients may be necessary to improve the quality of oncology care.
Initial prognostic factors and lymphoblast-erythrocyte rosette formation in 109 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Bone marrow lymphoblasts from 109 children admitted with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were tested for spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. Twenty-six children (24%) had lymphoblasts that formed rosettes (E+). Of 13 initial clinical characteristics, 8 were significantly associated with E+ lymphoblasts: mediastinal enlargement (86% of patients E+), leukocyte counts over 100 X 10(9)/liter (65% E+), nodes greater than 2 cm in any diameter (65% E+), age over 5 yr (46% E+), hemoglobin over 8 g/dl (44% E+), hepatomegaly greater than 5 cm (38% E+), boys (35% E+), and lymph node enlargement outside of the cervical area (28% E+). Spleen size, initial platelet counts, and periodic acid-Schiff scores did not distinguish E+ from E- patients. Since few patients were black and few presented with central nervous system leukemia, the association of these two characteristics with E+ blasts could not be determined. A hierarchical classification scheme and a linear logistic regression model were used to define the patterns of characteristics associated with E+ lymphoblasts. The initial clinical characteristics and the poorer course of E+ patients suggest that ALL comprises at least two biologically and clinically distinct types. The E+ ALL may result from a leukemic transformation of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Changes in arterial oxygenation and pulmonary shunt during thoracotomy with endobronchial anesthesia

Eight-five veterans underwent thoracic operations, mainly for carcinoma of the lung, with the aid of endobronchial anesthesia. Changes in arterial oxygenation (PaO2) and pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were determined sequentially. Mean PaO2 after both lungs were ventilated for 20 minutes, supine, with 100% oxygen was 433 +/- 8 mm Hg. Selective ventilation of one bronchus dropped this value significantly (p less than 0.01) to 247 +/- 13 mm Hg. PaO2 did not change appreciably when the patient was turned to the lateral position; however, following pleurotomy there was a significant (p less than 0.01) decline in mean PaO2 to a nadir of 178 +/- 17 mm Hg at 90 minutes. Transient hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg) occurred in 11 of 85 patients, most frequently (7/11) during positioning. Preoperative PaO2 PaCO2, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, or medical status did not predict hypoxemia. Qs/Qt increased significantly (p less than 0.01) at the onset of atelectasis from 18% +/- 0.9% to 25.4% +/- 0.9% but did not change with turning. The maximal mean Qs/Qt (30.3% +/- 1.1%) occurred immediately after opening the pleura and then decreased significantly (p less than 0.05), despite the fall in PaO2. Blood loss greater than 1,000 cc (n = 10), especially with hypotension, resulted in a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in Qs/Qt and a fall in PaO2. Thus pulmonary vascular adaptation to acute atelectasis has been demonstrated in man, and this, as in animal models, fails with hemorrhage.
Physical compatibility of pemetrexed disodium with other drugs during simulated Y-site administration

PURPOSE: The physical compatibility of pemetrexed disodium with selected other drugs during simulated Y-site injection was studied. METHODS: A 5 mL sample of pemetrexed disodium 20 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was combined with 5 mL of a solution of each of 79 other drugs. The other test drugs included antineoplastics, antiinfectives, and supportive care drugs used undiluted or diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection. Visual examinations were performed with the unaided eye in normal diffuse fluorescent light at intervals up to four hours after mixing. Combinations with no obvious incompatibility were examined further with a high-intensity monodirectional light source to enhance visualization of small particles and low-level turbidity. The combinations were also evaluated with a turbidimeter at one and four hours. All combinations without visual incompatibility were assessed with a particle sizer-counter. RESULTS: Of the 79 pemetrexed-secondary drug combinations, 55 were compatible for at least four hours. However,mixture with 24 drugs resulted in precipitation (including microprecipitation) and color change. CONCLUSION: Pemetrexed disodium was incompatible with 24 drugs during simulated Y-site administration and should not be administered with them.
Recurrent intraurethral proliferation of ectopic prostatic tissue associated with hematuria.

AbstractThe first reported case of recurrent intraurethral proliferation of ectopic prostatic tissue associated with hematuria is presented.
Abstract 3009: Targeting G-protein coupled receptor-related pathway in mucinous tumors

Introduction: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an indolent malignancy characterized by excessive production of Mucin 2 (MUC2; a gel-forming secreted mucin). We have previously demonstrated mucinous tumor growth inhibition in a patient-derived murine xenograft model of PMP using the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib. We evaluated the downstream mechanism for celecoxib-mediated MUC2-inhibition. Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted using MUC2-secreting LS174T cells, PMP explant tissue and a unique intraperitoneal patient-derived murine xenograft model of PMP (PDX model of PMP). Results: LS174T cells treated with COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (5-20 μM) for 24 hours demonstrated a significant reduction in MUC2 protein expression measured by flow cytometric analysis. Similarly, in the PDX model of PMP chronic oral therapy with celecoxib (20 mg/kg/d) for 28 days significantly inhibited MUC2 protein expression in harvested tumor tissue. In the LS174T cells, PGE2 (a COX-2 product) induced MUC2 mRNA (real-time PCR) and protein expression (flow cytometry) and this was inhibited by the G-protein coupled-EP4 receptor inhibitor AH23848 as well as siRNA for CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in LS174T cells, we found that treatment with celecoxib or protein kinase A inhibitor (fragment 6-22 amide) significantly decreased CREB-transcription factor binding to the MUC2 promoter. Conclusions: These data suggest that celecoxib inhibits MUC2 expression via the G-protein coupled receptor/ cAMP/ Protein kinase A/ CREB pathway. Since activating G-protein (GNAS) mutations are commonly found in PMP and may be responsible for its unique mucinous phenotype, our data provide a rationale for targeting this pathway to control mucin production in this malignancy. Citation Format: Ashok K. Dilly, Yong J. Lee, Herbert J. Zeh, David L. Bartlett, Mohammad Haroon A. Choudry. Targeting G-protein coupled receptor-related pathway in mucinous tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3009.