cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends and Future: Theory

A discussion is presented of theoretical approaches which may be appropriate for explaining the properties of high transition temperature superconductors. The focus is on models and proposals discussed at this conference.
Economy and Society in Southeast Asia, c.1800

If we survey in a broad fashion the economic bases of traditional Southeast Asia, two broad types of economies may be distinguished: those based on agriculture and those based on coastal or river trade. The agrarian economies tended to be found in large, highly structured states or empires and normally comprised a powerful inland centre that controlled, with varying degrees of tribute relations, the more remote provinces. The recognisable first Buddhist kingdoms of Burma, Siam (Thailand) and Vietnam had emerged on the mainland long before 1800, while at various times other agrarian empires had also appeared in Java and Sumatra. By contrast, the trading centres or entrepots, strongly influenced by the Muslim traders, often controlled particular river or coastal locations that held some particular advantage. Few communities were wholly self-sufficient and exchange through trade was an important activity from the earliest times on local, regional and international levels. Trade routes extended to China, India and West Asia to the Mediterranean. The main commodities involved in international trade included gold, tin, spices, seafood and forest products.
Design and Management of Research Facilities

Reliable research results depend on controlling as many variables as possible. One of the many ways the laboratory animal specialist contributes to research control of animal-related variables is through design of the animal housing facility. Control of genetic variables is primarily a matter of biology, but control of other variables is dependent to a significant degree on the design and management of the research animal facility (Hessler, 1999). Biosecurity (defined as all measures taken to detect, prevent, contain, and eradicate adventitious infections) is also critical, as infectious agents are well recognized to perturb the animal’s physiology and biologic responses, potentially affecting research results (reviewed in Chapter 29). Environmental variables, including genetic, microbial, chemical, and physical, are illustrated in Fig. 36.1. This chapter considers the salient design features of contemporary research animal facilities that effectively control environmental variables and allow for the maintenance of high-quality animal care and use standards while minimizing operational costs. The chapter also includes an overview of macro- and microenvironmental conditions and monitoring, operational considerations, housing systems, select equipment employed, and materials routinely used in animal care facilities.
Theoretical Modeling of Triboelectric Nanogenerators

In the previous Chaps. 2– 5, we have extensively discussed the fundamental working principle, theoretical analysis, and device configurations of the fundamental working modes of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). In this chapter, we will try to discuss the modeling and fundamental output characteristics of TENGs. The TENG has intrinsic capacitive behavior since it is based on a conjugation of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. After examining the theoretical basis and fundamental physics of the TENG, its governing equation is its V-Q-x relationship and its first-order equivalent model is a series of a voltage source and a capacitor. We have developed theoretical calculation method for TENGs and studied their load characteristics. When TENGs are connected with resistive loads, a three-working-region behavior is shown due to the impedance match mechanism. An optimum resistance is observed to maximize the TENG output on the load. When TENGs are utilized to charge a capacitor through bridge rectifier, it has a saturation charging behavior and is equivalent to the first-order resistor-capacitor charging. An optimum capacitive load is also observed to maximize the energy storage. Our systematic analysis provides guidance to the design of nanogenerator based systems for maximum utilization of output power.
Gender Differences: Considerations for the Female Endurance Athlete

Over the last 40 years, women’s participation in endurance events has grown exponentially. With the rapid growth in this field, more injuries and medical conditions have come to light. Due to anatomical and physiological differences between men and women, women have to deal with different medical conditions than their male counterparts. Iron depletion and subsequent anemia are common conditions seen in women and even more so in the female athlete population. Stress urinary incontinence, a condition that was once felt to affect primarily elderly and parous women, is seen frequently in the female endurance athlete. Overtraining syndrome has been identified in just as many women as men today. Exercise-associated collapse, the most common medical condition seen at the medical tent of endurance events, also affects women differently than men. Finally, the female athlete triad and its newer descriptive name, relative energy deficiency in sport, are being recognized far more commonly. Poor energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, osteoporosis, and the end result of many of these processes, stress fractures, are common medical conditions that are diagnosed far more frequently in the female endurance athlete than the general population or a similar cohort of male athletes. As participation continues to increase in female endurance events and the distances continue to increase as well, it is imperative for sports medicine clinicians to understand these medical conditions affecting female endurance athletes and to be comfortable in both their recognition and treatment.
Bargaining with habit formation

Habit formation is a well-documented behavioral regularity in psychology and economics; however, its implications on bargaining outcomes have so far been overlooked. I study an otherwise standard Rubinstein bargaining model with habit-forming players. In equilibrium, a player can strategically exploit his opponent’s habit- forming behavior via unilateral transfers off the equilibrium path to generate endogenous costs and gain bargaining leverage at no cost to himself on the equilibrium path. Uncertainty about habit formation may lead to delay in agreement.
Unproven Technologies in Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the High Cost of US Health Care.

Preterm birth is one of the leading health indicators among nations, as it is the most frequent cause of neonatal death and the second most frequent cause of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide.1- 3 In the United States alone, complications related to preterm birth account for approximately two-thirds of all infant deaths.4 Infants born preterm who do survive have significantly higher risks of long-term morbidity, including serious neurologic and developmental disabilities. In 2005, the Institute of Medicine estimated that the annual societal cost of preterm birth in the United States was $26 billion.
Engineering Niches for Blood Vessel Regeneration

Abstract Although there is a vast amount of literature describing molecular cues governing vascular maturation, recreating vascular networks for therapeutic application, specific to a variety of tissue and organ sites, remains elusive. To address this issue, the field of tissue engineering has emerged. This highly interdisciplinary field merges chemical and biomedical engineering principles with material sciences and biology to recapitulate complex stem cell niches. This chapter focuses on discussing the building blocks necessary to mimic the vascular microenvironment including the promise of stem cell technology as a cellular source, as well as chemical and mechanical cues present in development and adult physiology. The subsequent sections describe the design criteria and synthesis of biomaterials, as well as engineering tools to recapitulate the vascular niche. Finally, the potential clinical impact of these approaches and how they are utilized for in vivo systems are explored.
Thermodynamic consistency in the structure-based integral equation coarse-grained method

Abstract The Integral Equation Coarse-Grained method is an approach that simplifies the representation of a polymer melt into a liquid of coarse-grained chains, considerably speeding up the computation of the melt properties, while reproducing with accuracy structure and thermodynamics of the corresponding atomistic description. In a recent paper [Polymer 111 , 103 (2017)], it was stated that the structure-based Integral Equation Coarse-Grained approach does not give thermodynamic consistency. Here we present new calculations that confirm the validity of this method in predicting consistent pressure and radial distribution functions with atomistic simulations. Other details of the method are also discussed.
Insertion-related pain with intramedullary nailing

The use of intramedullary nails for the treatment of long bone fractures has become increasingly frequent over the last decade with gradually expanding indications and technological advances. Improved biomechanics relative to plates and less direct fracture exposure are some of the potential benefits of intramedullary nails. However, persistent insertion-related pain is common and may limit satisfactory long term outcomes. The etiologies of this phenomenon remain unclear. Proposed theories for which there is a growing body of supporting evidence include hardware prominence, suboptimal nail entry points leading to soft tissue irritation and structural compromise, local heterotrophic ossification, implant instability with persistent fracture micromotion, and poorly defined insertional strain. Many factors that lead to insertion-related pain are iatrogenic, and careful attention to detail and refined surgical techniques will optimize outcomes.
FANON IN THE ANDES: Fausto Reinaga, Indianismo, and the Black Atlantic

In the rise of contemporary indigenous movements in Latin America, indigenous leaders have acknowledged their debt to the Bolivian indigenous intellectual Fausto Reinaga (1906-1994), a major theorist of the anti-colonial and anti-Occidental ideology known as indianisimo. His work, especially his 1969 classic La revolucion india had a profound impact on the development of indigenous movements, intellectuals, and leaders including Bolivian President Evo Morales. Yet, curiously, his work remains sorely understudied. This essay examines the continuing relevance of Reinaga by exploring his ‘Atlantic’ encounter with the thought of the Martinican-Algerian theorist Frantz Fanon. Reinaga’s encounter with Fanon, however, is not an unproblematic one and there are instructive commonalities and tensions in their work. This article addresses Fanon’s influence on Reinaga’s views on colonialism, compares Fanon’s and Reinaga’s deployments of the concept of race, and contrasts their views on postcolonial nation-building. Though in some ways Fanon is more attentive to the complexities and tensions of anticolonial struggles than Reinaga, I argue that the work of Reinaga can be read in a Fanonian spirit, as a dialectical analysis in which the focus on the particular is necessary for universal projects of emancipation.
Does shared parenting help or hurt children in high-conflict divorced families?

ABSTRACTDespite a recent shift in the allocation of parenting time arrangements following divorce, there is no clear consensus regarding the effects of shared parenting on children’s adjustment in high-conflict families. We propose key questions and methodological options to increase the ability of results from well-designed empirical studies to inform practice and policy. We review 11 studies of relations between parenting time and parenting quality with children’s adjustment in high-conflict divorced families. Despite heterogeneity of methods used across the studies, some tentative conclusions can be made based on findings of multiple studies. Higher levels of shared parenting were related to poorer child adjustment in samples with high conflict many years following the divorce, but typically not in samples that assessed conflict during the divorcing process or in the 2 or 3 years following the divorce. There is also evidence that the effects of shared parenting on child adjustment in the presence of hi...
Some Dynamic Equations

In this chapter we consider several dynamic equations and present methods on how to solve these equations. Among them are linear equations of higher order, Euler-Cauchy equations of higher order, logistic equations (or Verhulst equations), Bernoulli equations, Riccati equations, and Clairaut equations.
The Changing Southwest

This chapter describes important geographical and socio-economic characteristics and trends in the Southwest—such as population and economic growth and changes in land ownership, land use, and land cover—that provide the context for how climate change will likely affect the Southwest. The chapter also describes key laws and institutions relevant to adaptive management of resources.
Advocacy for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery

The goal of this publication is to review the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and history to advocacy in bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery has increased in insurance coverage through recognition of the disease process and safety and efficacy of procedure. While bariatric surgery coverage has increased, patients with obesity still have multiple barriers to care.
Beyond observation: Protocols and capabilities of an Emergency Department Observation Unit.

Abstract Objective Emergency Department Observation Units (Obs Units) provide a setting and a mechanism for further care of Emergency Department (ED) patients. Our hospital has a protocol-driven, type 1, complex 20 bed Obs Unit with 36 different protocols. We wanted to understand how the different protocols performed and what types of care were provided. Methods This was an IRB-approved, retrospective chart review study. A random 10% of ED patient charts with a “transfer to observation” order were selected monthly from October 2015 through June 2017. This database was designed to identify high and low functioning protocols based on length of stays (LOS) and admission rates. Results Over 20 months, a total of 984 patients qualified for the study. The average age was 49.5 ± 17.2 years, 57.3% were women, and 32.3% were non-Caucasian. The admission rate was 23.5% with an average LOS in observation of 13.7 h [95% CI 13.3–14.1]. Thirty day return rate was 16.8% with 5.3% of the patients returning to the ED within the first 72 h. Thirty six different protocols were used, with the most common being chest pain (13.9%) and general (13.2%). Almost 70% received a consultation from another service, and 7.2% required a procedure while in observation. Procedures included fluoroscopic-guided lumbar punctures, endoscopies, dental extractions, and catheter replacements (nephrostomy, gastrostomy, and biliary tubes). Conclusions An Obs Unit can care for a wide variety of patients who require multiple consultations, procedures, and care coordination while maintaining an acceptable length of stay and admission rate.
Emotional Labor: Regulating Emotions for a Wage

Many employees perform emotional labor, regulating their emotions to meet organizationally mandated display rules (e.g., “service with a smile”), which has both professional and personal implicatio...
Embracing Open Science and Transparency in Health Psychology

Failures to replicate ‘high profile’ effects in psychology and behavioural science (e.g., Doyen, Klein, Pichon, & Cleeremans, 2012; Hagger et al., 2016; Pashler, Coburn, & Harris, 2012), as well as...
The identification of a third B-galactosidase activity in Neurospora crassa

Abstract The B-galactosidase activity found in Neurospora crassa mycelia grown on cellobiose was investigated. Its optimal activity was at pH 6, the activity was more sensitive to inhibition by cellobiose than to inhibition by lactose, and it was precipitated at a concentration of greater than 50% saturation by ammonium sulfate. These characteristics distinguish this B-galactosidase from the previously identified pH 4 and pH 7 B-galactosidases in Neurospora thus suggesting that athird, previously unreported, B-galactosidase is present in cellobiose-grown mycelia.
Has the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Been Successful In Achieving Its Objectives

As long as there has been law, inquisitive minds have contemplated the salient question of whether the law has been successful in achieving its objectives. In 1977, the U.S. enacted the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the first law of its kind in the world governing the conduct of domestic actors in their interactions with foreign officials in foreign markets. Upon the 40th anniversary of the FCPA, it is appropriate to ask the salient question of whether the FCPA has been successful in achieving its objectives. To answer this question, success in the FCPA context must first be defined. Admittedly, this is no easy task as there are various plausible meanings of success in analyzing any law including the FCPA. Prior to highlighting the various plausible meanings of FCPA success, Part I of this Article provides a brief overview of the real-world events and policy reasons which resulted in Congress enacting the FCPA in 1977. From there, Part II of this Article draws upon attempts to measure the success of other laws and highlights various plausible meanings of FCPA success. Part III discusses “hard” enforcement metrics such as the quantity of FCPA enforcement actions as well as the quality of enforcement actions given how the FCPA is being enforced as well as outcomes in actual FCPA actions when government enforcement agencies are put to their burden of proof. Part IV discusses “soft” enforcement metrics, such as voluntary compliance with the FCPA as well as deterrence. Part V discusses “modeling” metrics — namely whether the pioneering FCPA law motivated other countries to enact similar laws. Even with these various plausible meanings of FCPA success, actual measurement is difficult because some meanings are measurable, other meanings are largely unmeasurable, whereas other measures of success, while measurable, assume causation between an event and a subsequent development. Nevertheless, each plausible meaning of FCPA success is analyzed through various FCPA enforcement statistics, FCPA enforcement agency statements, qualitative FCPA data points, and other FCPA relevant information. This Article concludes that it is inconclusive whether the FCPA, upon its 40th anniversary, has been successful in achieving its objectives — it all depends on one’s best definition of success. Reasonable minds can certainly differ as to the best meaning of FCPA success and whether the FCPA has been successful in achieving its objectives. Indeed, this Article’s main goal is to foster a dialogue on the best meaning of FCPA success and force those in the FCPA space to pause, reflect, and come to their own conclusion upon the FCPA’s 40th anniversary regarding the salient question of whether the FCPA has been successful in achieving its objectives.
On conceptualizing, measuring, and managing augmented technology use in business-to-business sales contexts

Abstract Business-to-business (B2B) salespeople use a portfolio of technology tools to augment their performance of tasks. Using data from two sales forces for large multi-national consumer goods firms, this study demonstrates that applying different measures of technology use. yields different estimates on returns, even for bivariate correlations among measures and constructs. Thus, given differences at a bivariate level, for the typically more complex multivariate model specifications of sales technology use, resulting parameter estimates can be misleading. Researchers can lower the resulting bias by appropriate alignments among. theory (conceptualization) and measurements. This research argues that a holistic measure of sales technology (ST) use (a whole) does not equate to the sum of different types of uses (intermediate measures such as using technology to access, analyze, and communicate information) or the sum of different technology tools (the individual parts). Findings. indicate that outcomes differ depending on how technology use is conceptualized and measured.
Understanding the Brain in Chronic Pain

Chronic pain conditions cause among the highest levels of disability and lost work days of any class of disorders. The efficacy of current treatments has been disappointing
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC

The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory of how technology shapes organizations. In Chapter 7, I argued that sponsors of large technical systems (including platform systems) must manage the modular structure of the system and property rights in a way that solves four inter-related problems: • Provide all essential functional components; • Solve system-wide technical bottlenecks wherever they emerge; • Control and protect one or more strategic bottleneck; and • Prevent others from gaining control of any system-wide strategic bottleneck. I use this framework to understand how IBM initially succeeded with the PC platform and then lost its position as platform sponsor in the industry it had created.
Harnessing the microbiota to treat neurological diseases .

Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota-the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us-contributes to nearly every facet of host physiology, from ontogeny of the immune system to neurological function to metabolism. Although the specific details of these host-microbe interactions are still being elucidated for most diseases, the coupling of clinical samples with animal models of disease have provided key insights. This review provides some general background on the microbiota, highlights a few examples of how the microbiota influences diseases of the central nervous system, and provides a perspective for how these findings may be clinically translatable. .
Pediatric Burn-Trauma Patients Have Increased Length of Stay Compared to Trauma-only Patients: A Propensity Matched Analysis

Abstract Background Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in children. Burn injury involves intensive resources, especially in pediatric patients. We hypothesized that among pediatric trauma patients, combined burn-trauma (BT) patients have increased length of stay (LOS) and mortality compared to trauma-only (T) patients. Methods The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014–2016) was queried and BT patients were 1:2 propensity-score-matched to T patients based on age, gender, hypotension on admission, injury type and severity. Results 93 BT patients were matched to 186 T patients. There were no differences in matched characteristics. BT patients had a longer median LOS (4 vs 2 days, p Conclusion Pediatric BT patients had twice the LOS compared to a matched group of pediatric T patients. There was no difference between the cohorts in ICU LOS, complications or mortality rate. When evaluating risk-stratified quality metrics such as LOS, concomitant burn injury should be incorporated.
Inorganic Compositions and Properties of Cardiovascular Calcific Deposits

Calcified deposits (CD) that form in the cardiovascular system are bioapatites with composition comparable to hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH. Previous studies have yielded information on the calcium, phosphate, sodium, and magnesium contents of CD samples (1). The present study examined the compositions of three distinctly different types of CD’s that were isolated from: 1) bovine pericardium bioprostheses (bpb); 2) human heart valves (hhv), and 3) human aortas (ha). The present study additionally focused on the fluoride and carbonate contents, specific surface area and thermogravimetric and structural properties of deposits. The three types of CD’s differed significantly in several aspects, notably Ca/P ratios, fluoride and carbonate contents. The Ca/P ratios were ha (1.61) > hhv (1.55) > bpb (1.45) (p hv (890) > bpb (3.7) (p<0.01). these differences may be attributed to varying locations of formation and different CD resiendce times in the cardiovascular system. In a separate experiment, these CD materials were used as seeds for mineral growth under well defined super-saturation conditions. Preliminary data indicate that the surface properties of the CD have significant effects o the rate of mineral formation. Information on the composition and crystal growth properties of the various CD’s and help elucidate the mechanism of the CD formation, which is not fully understood.
THE UPS AND DOWNS OF α CENTAURI

The following is a progress report on the long-term coronal (T ~ 1 MK) activity of α Centauri A (HD 128620: G2 V) and B (HD 128621: K1 V). Since 2005, Chandra X-Ray Observatory has carried out semiannual pointings on AB, mainly with the High Resolution Camera, but also on two occasions with the Low-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer, fully resolving the close pair in all cases. During 2008-2013, Chandra captured the rise, peak, and initial decline of B's coronal luminosity. Together with previous high states documented by ROSAT and XMM-Newton, the long-term X-ray record suggests a period of 8.1 ± 0.2 yr, compared to 11 yr for the Sun, with a minimum-to-peak contrast of 4.5, about half the typical solar cycle amplitude. Meanwhile, the A component has been mired in a Maunder-Minimum-like low state since 2005, initially recognized by XMM-Newton. But now, A finally appears to be climbing out of the extended lull. If interpreted simply as an overlong cycle, the period would be 19.2 ± 0.7 yr, with a minimum-to-peak contrast of 3.4. The short X-ray cycle of B, and possibly long cycle of A, are not unusual compared with the diverse (albeit much lower amplitude) chromospheric variations recorded, for example, by the HK Project. Further, the deep low state of A also is not unusual, but instead is similar to the L X/L bol of the Sun during recent minima of the sunspot cycle.
Imposing Silence Through Settlement: A First-Amendment Case Study of the New York Attorney General

Vested with vast investigatory and prosecutorial authority, New York’s Attorney General is one of the most powerful law enforcement officials in the nation, increasingly acting not only as an enforcer, but also as a de facto regulator. Among the AG’s powers is that she may settle cases on the state’s behalf by entering into agreements called “Assurances of Discontinuance” (AODs) with targets of state investigations—which for decades has been how the AG’s Office has resolved the vast majority of its cases. And for several years now, the AG has been inserting in most AODs a provision forbidding the settling party from “tak[ing] any action” or “mak[ing] … any public statement denying” the AOD’s “propriety … or expressing the view … that th[e] [AOD] is without factual basis.” This provision is apparently inspired by virtually identical clauses that the SEC and CFTC have been including in their settlements for decades. The tension between such “gag” provisions and the American free-speech tradition is difficult to ignore. Yet their potential unconstitutionality has thus far flown under the radar, with no court or commentator even acknowledging the First-Amendment concerns raised by the New York AG’s settlement practice. This Article takes on that issue, arguing that these speech-suppressant provisions’ inclusion in AODs flagrantly violates the freedom of speech. The gag clauses cannot properly be regarded as voluntary waivers of First-Amendment rights, since settling parties are required as a condition of settlement to surrender their right to publicly criticize the AG’s allegations against them—and those who refuse to do so face reprisal in the form of state prosecution or investigation. The Constitution, generally speaking, forbids public officials from using such tactics to strong-arm citizens into giving up fundamental freedoms. In fact, in at least some instances, the AG’s gag clauses amount to prior restraints on speech, a form of speech regulation considered particularly constitutionally problematic. Finally, in addition to their coercive nature, AODs’ speech-suppressant provisions raise First-Amendment concerns for other reasons—namely, that they restrict the communication of ideas and information that the public has a strong interest in hearing. This Article’s conclusions also carry important implications for the constitutionality of the SEC’s and CFTC’s speech-suppressant practices, as well as for any other official attempt to exact surrenders of constitutional rights through settlement agreements.
Valuation waves and merger activity: The empirical evidence ☆

Abstract To test recent theories suggesting that valuation errors affect merger activity, we develop a decomposition that breaks the market-to-book ratio ( M / B ) into three components: the firm-specific pricing deviation from short-run industry pricing; sector-wide, short-run deviations from firms’ long-run pricing; and long-run pricing to book. We find strong support for recent theories by Rhodes-Kropf and Viswanathan [2004. Market valuation and merger waves. Journal of Finance, forthcoming] and Shleifer and Vishny [2003. Stock market driven acquisitions. Journal of Financial Economics 70, 295–311], which predict that misvaluation drives mergers. So much of the behavior of M / B is driven by firm-specific deviations from short-run industry pricing, that long-run components of M / B run counter to the conventional wisdom: Low long-run value to book firms buy high long-run value-to-book firms. Misvaluation affects who buys whom, as well as method of payment, and combines with neoclassical explanations to explain aggregate merger activity.
Violence on the 'Forgotten' Border: Mexico’s Drug War, the State, and Paramilitarization of Organized Crime in Tamaulipas in a 'New Democratic Era'

This paper explains the high levels of violence on the Mexican side of the Texas-Tamaulipas border. In general, this part of the U.S.-Mexico border has been overlooked by scholars, political analysts, and the media until recently when violence in the Mexican border state of Tamaulipas reached unprecedented levels. The study finds that the recent increase in violence in the so-called “forgotten” border has to do mainly with the following factors: deteriorated socioeconomic conditions, endemic corruption, the introduction of federal forces into the fight against drug trafficking groups, the new shape of the Mexican political system, the division between the Gulf Cartel and the Zetas, and the paramilitarization of those organizations. This last phenomenon is crucial to explain the situation of extreme violence in Tamaulipas, where the State seems to have lost the “monopoly” of the legitimate use of violence. In other words, the violence levels that are currently afflicting the territory of Tamaulipas are indicative of the degree of control and coercion that organized crime groups exert over this region of Mexico, at times even substituting the State as the legitimate purveyor of control.
The Helton-Howe trace formula for submodules

Abstract We consider a class of submodules R of the Bergman module L a 2 ( B ) that are associated with analytic sets M ˜ ⊂ C n with dim C M ˜ = d . In analogue to the usual Toeplitz operator on L a 2 ( B ) , we have the “Toeplitz operator for the submodule” R φ on R . We show that the Helton-Howe trace formula holds for the antisymmetric sum [ R f 1 , R f 2 , … , R f 2 n ] , f 1 , f 2 , … , f 2 n ∈ C [ z 1 , z ¯ 1 , … , z n , z ¯ n ] .
The Congregational Structure of Homonegativity: Why Place of Worship May Matter More than Frequency of Worship.

Using 239 congregants from 14 randomly selected places of worship in the Southern United States—and a mega-analysis of 577 congregants from 34 similarly-located places of worship—we examined the re...
Sanitizing the IoT Cyber Security Posture: An Operational CTI Feed Backed up by Internet Measurements

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm at large continues to be compromised, hindering the privacy, dependability, security, and safety of our nations. While the operational security communities (i.e., CERTS, SOCs, CSIRT, etc.) continue to develop capabilities for monitoring cyberspace, tools which are IoT-centric remain at its infancy. To this end, we address this gap by innovating an actionable Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) feed related to Internet-scale infected IoT devices. The feed analyzes, in near real-time, 3.6TB of daily streaming passive measurements ($\approx$ 1M pps) by applying a custom-developed learning methodology to distinguish between compromised IoT devices and non-IoT nodes, in addition to labeling the type and vendor. The feed is augmented with third party information to provide contextual information. We report on the operation, analysis, and shortcomings of the feed executed during an initial deployment period. We make the CTI feed available for ingestion through a public, authenticated API and a front-end platform.
Quantifizierung unternehmerischer Nachhaltigkeit in der Fertigungsindustrie : Entwicklung eines zielorientierten Nachhaltigkeitsindex

Unternehmen der Fertigungsindustrie haben mit rund 32 % der globalen Treibhausgas-Emissionen durch ihr unternehmerisches Handeln bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Erreichung der Sustainable Development Goals. Um in diesem Zusammenhang die unternehmerische Nachhaltigkeitsleistung zu quantifizieren, existieren nur wenige Ansatze, die sich an externen Nachhaltigkeitszielen orientieren und zusatzlich eine Vergangenheits- und Zukunftsperspektive integrieren. Diese Lucke adressiert diese Arbeit durch die Entwicklung eines Index, der die Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeitsleistung von Produktionsunternehmen durch die jeweilige Zielerreichung verschiedener Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen entlang eines Zeithorizonts beschreibt. Um die Vergleichbarkeit unterschiedlicher Unternehmen zu gewahrleisten, wurde ein breites Set quantitativ messbarer Leistungsindikatoren mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche erarbeitet, welche unternehmensubergreifende Ziele adressieren. Dabei werden okonomische, okologische sowie soziale Aspekte miteinbezogen und auch vor- und nachgelagerte Aktivitaten der Wertschopfungskette und Produkteigenschaften berucksichtigt. Der entwickelte Index ermoglicht neben einem erhohten Mas an Transparenz fur verschiedene Stakeholder, auch die Nutzung als Entscheidungsgrundlage und Monitoring-Instrument sowie als Ziel-Systematik im Rahmen der Unternehmensstrategie und -ausrichtung.
Mental Health Literacy: a Critical Target for Narrowing Racial Disparities in Behavioral Health

One of the most persistent and troubling health disparities is the underutilization of mental health services, particularly for depression and anxiety, commonly occurring behavioral health concerns. The gap between individuals who need mental health care and those who receive care is large, and identified barriers to treatment include poor mental health and insurance literacy, as well as stigmatizing attitudes toward mental health disorders. The present study presents the results of an inquiry into the mental health literacy, insurance literacy, internalized stigma, and mental health symptoms. Results suggest that mental health literacy is poor and associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, stress, internalized stigma, and caregiver burden. Implications of poor mental health literacy, as well as demographic disparities in literacy, are discussed.
Patient-reported outcomes associated with transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

To investigate patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Subjects enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (CLIMB) who completed PRO measures in the RRMS and SPMS phases were identified (n = 52). The PRO measures were Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Two control groups of RRMS CLIMB patients who did not progress to SPMS were identified based on different matching criteria related to age, sex, disease duration and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Summary statistics for each PRO were calculated at the last RRMS measurement and first SPMS measurement, and the change over this transition was calculated using a paired t-test. Patients who transitioned were compared to the control groups using linear regression to adjust for age, disease duration and EDSS and a mixed model to further account for the matching with a random effect for matched group. Patients who transitioned from RRMS to SPMS had noticeable deficits in terms of Quality of Life (QOL) and fatigue at the visit prior to the transition. Patients worsened in terms of SF-36 Role Physical (− 3.6 [− 6.6, − 0.7]), Social Functioning (− 3.7 [− 6.4, − 1.0]), and Physical Component Summary (− 2.3 [− 4.5, − 0.1]) during the transition from RRMS to SPMS. When patients who transitioned were compared to the matched subjects, they had worse scores on several outcomes, including Physical Functioning (adjusted mean difference = − 10.8 [− 14.1, − 7.5]), Physical Component Summary (− 5.2 [− 9.3, − 1.0]), fatigue (8.9 [1.7, 16.1]), and depression (3.1 [0.3, 5.9]). Patients in the period closely preceding transition from RRMS to SPMS have worse physical QOL and fatigue compared to subjects who remain RRMS.
Profiling the EG Research Community and Its Core

Electronic Government Research (EGR) has progressed beyond its stages of infancy and has unfolded into a respected domain of multi- and cross-disciplinary study. A sizable and dedicated community of researchers has formed. So far, however, few, if any, accounts exist which sufficiently analyze the profile of the electronic government research community. The contribution of this paper is to describe this profile and give a detailed account of the core researcher community, name the most prolific researchers, determine their disciplinary backgrounds, and identify their preferred standards of inquiry. The study also identifies and quantifies the preferred publishing outlets in EGR, distinguishing between core journals and core conferences, on the one hand, and non-core sites, on the other hand. This study advances the understanding of the emerging structure and profile of the academic domain of EGR and helps researchers identify adequate publishing outlets for their domain-related research.
6 Contemporary liquid chromatographic systems for method development

Abstract There are several basic components to a liquid chromatographic (LC) system used for method development, and modern technology, from column chemistry to advanced detection and automation, is quickly changing the landscape of method development. The way in which solvents and samples are managed, and the types of columns and detectors used can have a significant impact on both the throughput (time it takes to develop a method) and the quality and/or robustness of the method. This chapter will begin with a brief description of a basic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method development system, and then discuss in some detail modern ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC™) instrumentation components and how they are used to develop methods for the types of complex samples encountered in today's pharmaceutical laboratory. Recent advances in UPLC technology, capitalizing on sub-2 μm particle column packings, automated approaches, and migrating from HPLC to UPLC will also be addressed.
Deep brain stimulation protocols that mirror endogenous rhythms show increased efficacy at terminating seizures

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a potentially potent means for disrupting the aberrant rhythms that arise during a seizure. However, current DBS strategies typically employed are formulated a priori and do not reflect dynamics within the brain during ictogenesis which may severely limit stimulation efficacy. This study investigated how DBS could be improved using endogenous dynamics to inform stimulation protocols. Multi-site brain dynamics within the circuit of Papez was calculated in a chronic rat limbic epilepsy model. Stimulation/recording electrodes were placed in the CA3 region of both hippocampi and in the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus. Deconvolution of signals using empirical mode decomposition and coherence analysis were used to identify key dynamics as seizures progressed. Synchronization of field potentials across sites occurred as both spontaneous and evoked seizures naturally terminated. The location and frequency of synchrony varied between subjects suggesting that endogenous rhythms during natural seizure termination may vary in humans as well. DBS efficacy was significantly more effective at stopping seizures when the frequency of multisite synchronized stimulation reflected endogenous synchrony dynamics observed in each subject. Thus, tailoring DBS protocols to individual endogenous rhythms that may represent how brains naturally resolve epileptic seizures could play a critical role in improving overall efficacy of this potentially important therapy.
Methodology for Metalcasting Process Selection

Today, there are several hundreds of manufacturing processes available to the designer to choose from, and the number is constantly increasing. The ability to choose a manufacturing process for a particular user need set in the early stage of the design process is necessary. In metalcasting alone, there are over forty different processes with different capabilities. A designer can benefit from knowing the manufacturing process alternatives available to him. Inaccurate process selection can lead to financial losses and market share erosion. This paper discusses a methodology for selection of a metalcasting process based on a number of user specified attributes or requirements. A model of user requirements was developed and these requirements were matched with the capabilities of each metalcasting process. The metalcasting process which best meets these needs is suggested. The selection is based on the weighted algorithm that considers both the relative importance of each user requirement as well as the relative ease of meeting the requirement by different metalcasting processes. The method has been deployed on the web and can be easily accessed by a browser with minimal client side deployment. The implementation is currently limited to the most common metalcasting processes and materials.
Microbial diversity-productivity relationships in aquatic ecosystems.

Thanks to recent advances in molecular biology, one's knowledge of microbial co-occurrence patterns, microbial biogeography and microbial biodiversity is expanding rapidly. This MiniReview explores microbial diversity–productivity relationships in the light of what is known from the general ecology literature. Analyses of microbial diversity–productivity relationships from 70 natural, experimental, and engineered aquatic ecosystems reveal patterns that are strikingly similar to those that have long been documented for communities of macroorganisms. Microbial ecology and the general science of ecology are thus continuing to converge.
Scheduling Independent Jobs on Hypercubes

We consider the problem of scheduling k independent jobs on an n-dimensional hypercube system to minimize finishing time, where each job J i is associated with a dimension d i and a processing time t i , meaning that J i requires a d i -dimensional subcube for t i units of time. This problem is NP-complete if no preemption is allowed. We propose a simple heuristic called LDLPT (largest dimension largest processing time) for this problem and analyze its worst-case performance: the ratio of the heuristic finishing time to the optimal does not exceed 2 — 1/2n-1.
Social Support in Marriage

Social support is a widely used construct in the psychological literature. Although multiple conceptions of the construct have been offered, an issue common to many analyses is the extent to which support is perceived or experienced by recipients of “supportive” behaviors. In this chapter, we offer a cognitive framework designed to illuminate the construct of “perceived support.” Our analysis focuses on perceived support in marriage, as this relationship provides a relatively homogeneous context within which to examine a number of important issues regarding social support, the resolution of which may have implications for the literature on social support in general. This chapter does not attempt, however, to redefine social support, provide a new theory of social support processes in marriage, or argue that support processes in marriage are fundamentally different from support obtained in other enduring, intimate relationships. Mindful of the need for new perspectives in the social support area that integrate the influences of social context with concern for the match of specific Stressors to socially supportive responses and the cognitive component of support (e. g., Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason, 1990; I. G. Sarason, B. R. Sarason, & Pierce, 1994), we provide herein a cognitive framework for examining the impact of supportive (and nonsupportive) transactions on “perceived support.”
Haptic Guidance Can Enhance Motor Learning of a Steering Task

Haptic guidance can improve the immediate performance of a motor task by enforcing a desired pattern of kinematics, but several studies have found that it impairs motor learning. In this study, we studied whether guidance from a robotic steering wheel can improve one's short-term learning of steering a simulated vehicle. We developed a computer algorithm that adapted the firmness of the guidance based on ongoing error. Training with "guidance-as-needed" or "fixed guidance" allowed participants to learn to steer without experiencing large errors and produced slightly better immediate retention than did training without guidance, apparently because participants were better able to learn when to initiate turns. Training with guidance-as-needed produced slightly better results than training with fixed guidance: the guidance-as-needed participants' errors were significantly smaller when guidance was removed. However, this difference quickly dissipated with more practice. We conclude that haptic guidance can benefit short-term learning of a steering-type task while also limiting performance errors during training.
Political recruitment and electoral success: A look at sex differences in municipal elections

Abstract Kenneth Prewitt's framework for studying leadership selection is used to focus on municipal level candidates—winners and losers alike—in nine states. Comparisons between men and women along political and socioeconomic dimensions confirm the results reported in previous works by Jennings and Thomas, Jennings and Farah, and others. However, bivariate and multivariate analyses between and among male/ unsuccessful candidacies of each sex. Findings indicate differences between males and females along these lines.