cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase defines a proeosinophilic pathogenic effector human TH2 cell subpopulation with enhanced function

Background IL-5 + pathogenic effector T H 2 (peT H 2) cells are a T H 2 cell subpopulation with enhanced proinflammatory function that has largely been characterized in murine models of allergic inflammation. Objective We sought to identify phenotype markers for human peT H 2 cells and characterize their function in patients with allergic eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. Methods Patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID), patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and nonatopic healthy control (NA) subjects were enrolled. peT H 2 and conventional T H 2 (cT H 2) cell phenotype, function, and cytokine production were analyzed by using flow cytometry. Confirmatory gene expression was measured by using quantitative RT-PCR. Prostaglandin D 2 levels were measured with ELISA. Gut T H 2 cells were obtained by means of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Results peT H 2 cells were identified as chemoattractant receptor–homologous molecule expressed on T H 2 cells–positive (CRTH2 + ), hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase–positive CD161 hi CD4 T cells. peT H 2 cells expressed significantly greater IL-5 and IL-13 than did hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase–negative and CD161 − cT H 2 cells. peT H 2 cells were highly correlated with blood eosinophilia ( r = 0.78-0.98) and were present in 30- to 40-fold greater numbers in subjects with EGID and those with AD versus NA subjects. Relative to cT H 2 cells, peT H 2 cells preferentially expressed receptors for thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and IL-33 and demonstrated greater responsiveness to these innate pro-T H 2 cytokines. peT H 2 but not cT H 2 cells produced prostaglandin D 2 . In patients with EGID and those with AD, peT H 2 cells expressed gut- and skin-homing receptors, respectively. There were significantly greater numbers of peT H 2 cells in gut tissue from patients with EGID versus NA subjects. Conclusion peT H 2 cells are the primary functional proinflammatory human T H 2 cell subpopulation underlying allergic eosinophilic inflammation. The unambiguous phenotypic identification of human peT H 2 cells provides a powerful tool to track these cells in future pathogenesis studies and clinical trials.
Regulation of hepatic sodium plus potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity by glucocorticoids in the rat

Abstract We studied the role of endogenous and exogenous adrenal steroids in the regulation of hepatic (Na + K + ) ATPase in the rat. The relationship of these changes in the membrane enzymes and excretory function of the liver was examined. Glucocorticoids, but not mineralocorticoids, in pharmacologic doses, selectively increased liver surface membrane (Na + K + ) ATPase activity (161% of control) while other membrane phosphatases were unchanged. Adrenalectomy decreased hepatic (Na + -K + )ATPase activity (75% of control). This decrease in enzyme activity was reversed by glucocorticoid administration. Enzyme kinetic parameters for (Na + -K + )ATPase using ATP as the substrate demonstrated a 2.5-fold increase in V max and no change in K m in adrenalectomized animals treated with cortisone compared with adrenalectomized controls, suggesting the increase in enzyme activity is due to an increase in (Na + -K + )ATPase molecules. Quantitating the number of (Na + -K + )ATPase molecules by [γ- 32 P]ATP binding demonstrated proportional increases in activity and binding. The effect of glucocorticoids on (Na + -K + )ATPase was blocked by cycloheximide. These findings support the suggestion that the increase in activity is due to a greater number of enzyme molecules. Adrenalectomy did not affect hepatic function as measured by BSIBF, basal bile acid excretion or BSP transport maximum. Glucocorticoids, in pharmacologic doses, stimulated BSIBF when flow was related to body weight or hepatic DNA, but did not change when related to liver weight. These studies suggest glucocorticoids increase hepatic (Na + -K + )ATPase activity through de novo synthesis of (Na + -K + )ATPase molecules. The specificity of the induction by this class of adrenal steroids suggests this induction is mediated through the glucocorticoid-specific cytosol receptors. In conjunction with the increase in (Na + -K + )ATPase there is an increase in BSIBF.
Mechanisms of receptor function and the molecular biology of information processing in bacteria

Bacteria adapt to changes in their environment by altering their metabolism, turning on and off genes, and moving toward favorable conditions. Recent results indicate that a common molecular logic may underlie the decision-making processes by which these simple cells adjust to their surroundings.
Heat transfer in fixed-bed reactors

Abstract For optimum design of fixed-bed reactors the temperature must be predictable at every point. The effects of temperature distribution upon reactor perfo In the design of non-adiabatic reactors, it is particularly important to use accurate values of the wall heat transfer coefficient and the effective th Available correlations for the key transport rate coefficients are presented.
Exploring linguistic points of view of Wikipedia

The 3 million articles of the English Wikipedia has been written since 2011 by more than 14 million volunteers. On each article, the community of editors strive to reach a neutral point of view, representing all significant views fairly, proportionately, and without bias. However, beside the English one, there are more than 270 Wikipedias in different languages and their relatively isolated communities of editors are not forced by the platform to discuss and negotiate their points of view. So the empirical question is: do communities on different languages editions of Wikipedia develop their own diverse Linguistic Points of View (LPOV)? To answer this question we created Manypedia, a web tool whose goal is to ease cross-cultural comparisons of Wikipedia language communities by analyzing their different representations of the same topic.
Quality Control Laboratory Design Project for Poultry Science Undergraduate Students Enrolled in an Advanced Food Microbiology Course

An exercise for designing a quality control laboratory was developed as a laboratory group project in a senior level undergraduate advanced food microbiology course. The assignment was based on the student’s designing their own laboratory and implementing testing methods for different types of bacteria known to cause food-borne illness. Individual research papers and group project participation were required of each student. In each of the laboratory sections students were separated into groups of four students who were then responsible for a group project report describing and justifying a quality control laboratory design based on the detection of a particular food-borne pathogen. A survey questionnaire of students participating in the project was conducted to retrieve their perceptions of the different components of the exercise. Several general responses were evident. Students who did not expect to do scientific writing in their careers identified project activities such as determination of laboratory budgets as being the most difficult component and working with others as the most interesting component. The most difficult aspect of the team component was finding time for all members of the group to meet and getting participation from all group members. It appears that more instructional emphasis on scientific problem solving and group activity skills is needed if undergraduate food and poultry science students are to gain more confidence and ability to remain up to date with rapid technical developments occurring in laboratory science.
An Examination of Diabetes Educational Assessment Forms: Funded by the Michigan Department of Public Health, Division of Chronic Disease Control

A survey was mailed to 1,518 health professionals to determine what information should be collected in an assessment of the educational needs of diabetic patients. Of the 802 respondents who returned com pleted surveys, 529 (66 percent) indicated that they were currently using an assessment form to deter mine the educational needs of their patients. Copies of 203 of these forms were collected and analyzed to determine the types of information health providers obtain from diabetes patients through the use of an assess ment form. The contents of the col lected forms were compared with the factor analysis of the results of the mailed survey. This comparison revealed a large discrepancy be tween what the total group of survey respondents considered important to assess and what was actually being assessed in the forms collected from some of the respondents. Multiple reasons may account for these results: a lack of awareness of exist ing assessment tools, a lack of skill in assessment methodology, a lack of rea...
Gender Differences and Perceptions About Childbearing Among Infertile Couples

Objective To explore gender dierences and responses of in fertile couples to childbearing issues. Design Data analysis from the first wave of a larger three wave prospective panel study. Face‐to‐face tnterviews with both husbands and wives were conducted. Setting Husbands and wives were interviewed separately in their homes. One was generally interviewed immediately after the other. Participants One hundred sixty‐one infert ile couples in southeastern Michigan were interviewed in 1988. Measures Variables of interest included the self recognized source of the fertility problem, the tmportance of children to individuals, stress associated with infertility treatment, the number of tests and treatments received, the acceptabiltty of indicated treatments, the length of time couples expected it would take to have a child, and the ideal and expected number of children. Results Women experienced signijcantly more stress from tests and treatment, placed greater importance on havtng children, were more accepting of indicated treatments, and wanted more children than men did. Conclusions Implications for nurses working with in fertile couples are discussed, including provision of emotional support, evaluation of perceptions of success, assessment of couples' expectations, and inclusion of husbands in decision making.
EFFECTS OF STIMULATIVE AND SEDATIVE MUSIC ON COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL COMPONENTS OF ANXIETY

66 college students enrolled in a psychology class took their first examination of the semester, a multiple-choice test, under conditions of stimulative music, sedative music, or no music. One of t...
dc transport in metals.

Ten years of evidence is summarized which supports and clarifies a simple scheme for analyzing dc resistivity of complex metals, namely, extraction of ${(\frac{n}{m})}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ from band theory and estimation of the electron-phonon scattering rate $\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{e\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{ph}}}$ from the superconducting transition temperature. The accuracy of this procedure has now been tested by detailed microscopic calculations for Cu, Nb, Ta, and Pd.
Beyond antibodies: using biological principles to guide the development of next-generation protein therapeutics.

Protein-based biologics, which leverage the inherent affinity and specificity of protein–protein interactions, offer an effective strategy for targeting and modulating disease pathways. Despite the broad diversity of the proteome, monoclonal antibodies have been the major focus of such drug discovery efforts. While antibodies have shown great clinical value, the breadth and complexity of human disease highlight the need for alternatives that expand the therapeutic repertoire beyond this single class of proteins. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying human disease has provided new opportunities for protein-based drugs to address challenging clinical problems. Natural ligands and receptors, which inherently modulate complex biological processes, have emerged as promising candidates for protein-based drug discovery efforts. Protein engineering strategies, guided by biological principles, are allowing ligands and receptors to be developed as next-generation therapeutics with improved safety and efficacy.
Introduction: Methylxanthine therapy and reversible airway obstruction

Theophylline is a medium-potency bronchodilator that is useful in the treatment of reversible airway obstruction from any cause. It also improves contraction of the diaphragm, accelerates mucociliary transport, lowers pulmonary artery pressures, and limits the release of the mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from mast cells. The pharmacologic effects correlate closely with the plasma concentration of this drug, and within the defined therapeutic limits, only minor adverse effects occur. The dose of theophylline required to achieve therapeutic plasma levels varies considerably between subjects, mainly because of differences in clearance. The latter varies with age, smoking, alterations in hepatic function, cardiac failure, viral infections, and concurrent administration of other drugs. For the treatment of acute symptoms, either intravenous administration or a rapidly absorbed compound such as uncoated tablets or liquids is required. For the long-term management of reversible airway obstruction, sustained-release theophyllines are available. These formulations maintain therapeutic serum theophylline concentrations for prolonged periods, permitting longer dosing intervals and improved patient compliance.
Toward correcting drift in target position during radiotherapy via computer-controlled couch adjustments on a programmable Linac

Purpose: Real-time tracking of respiratory target motion during radiation therapy is technically challenging, owing to rapid and possibly irregular breathing variations. The authors report on a method to predict and correct respiration-averaged drift in target position by means of couch adjustments on an accelerator equipped with such capability. Methods: Dose delivery is broken up into a sequence of 10 s field segments, each followed by a couch adjustment based on analysis of breathing motion from an external monitor as a surrogate of internal target motion. Signal averaging over three respiratory cycles yields a baseline representing target drift. A Kalman filter predicts the baseline position 5 s in advance, for determination of the couch correction. The method's feasibility is tested with a motion phantom programmed according to previously recorded patient signals. Computed couch corrections are preprogrammed into a research mode of an accelerator capable of computer-controlled couch translations synchronized with the motion phantom. The method's performance is evaluated with five cases recorded during hypofractionated treatment and five from respiration-correlated CT simulation, using a root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) of the baseline from the treatment planned position. Results: RMSD is reduced in all 10 cases, from a mean of 4.9 mm (range 2.7–9.4 mm) before correction to 1.7 mm (range 0.7–2.3 mm) after correction. Treatment time is increased ∼5% relative to that for no corrections. Conclusions: This work illustrates the potential for reduction in baseline respiratory drift with periodic adjustments in couch position during treatment. Future treatment machine capabilities will enable the use of “on-the-fly” couch adjustments during treatment.
Predictors of excessive CT scan use in a surgical cohort of patients with Crohn's disease.

AbstractBackground: Patients with Crohn's disease typically undergo computed tomography (CT) scans periodically over the course of their chronic disorder, requiring only modest doses of ionizing radiation. However, previous studies have suggested there is a subgroup of patients with Crohn's disease who undergo frequent CT scans with an associated increase in health care expenditures and possible overexposure to radiation, potentially placing such patients at increased risk for cancer. The aim of our study was to characterize and define this potentially vulnerable cohort using a relatively homogeneous surgical population. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease from January 2000 to September 2010 at an academic medical center were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Only patient CT scans remote from surgery or hospitalization were considered in the analysis. The number of outpatient CT scans, physician visits, and coexisting psychiatric and funct...
Density functionals for the strong-interaction limit

The strong-interaction limit of density-functional (DF) theory is simple and provides information required for an accurate resummation of DF perturbation theory. Here we derive the point-charge-plus-continuum (PC) model for that limit, and its gradient expansion. The exchange-correlation (xc) energy ${E}_{\mathrm{xc}}[\ensuremath{\rho}]\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\int}}_{0}^{1}d\ensuremath{\alpha}{W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}[\ensuremath{\rho}]$ follows from the xc potential energies ${W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ at different interaction strengths $\ensuremath{\alpha}g~0$ [but at fixed density $\ensuremath{\rho}(\mathbf{r})].$ For small $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}0,$ the integrand ${W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ is obtained accurately from perturbation theory, but the perturbation expansion requires resummation for moderate and large $\ensuremath{\alpha}.$ For that purpose, we present density functionals for the coefficients in the asymptotic expansion ${W}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}{+W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\infty}$ in the PC model. ${W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}^{\mathrm{PC}}$ arises from strict correlation, and ${W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}^{\ensuremath{'}\mathrm{PC}}$ from zero-point vibration of the electrons around their strictly correlated distributions. The PC values for ${W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ and ${W}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ agree with those from a self-correlation-free meta-generalized gradient approximation, both for atoms and for atomization energies of molecules. We also (i) explain the difference between the PC cell and the exchange-correlation hole, (ii) present a density-functional measure of correlation strength, (iii) describe the electron localization and spin polarization energy in a highly stretched ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule, and (iv) discuss the soft-plasmon instability of the low-density uniform electron gas.
Improving Matrix Corrections

Except in the idealized case where the unknown and the standard are essentially identical obtaining accurate matrix corrections requires a knowledge of the absolute value and functional behavior of a number of quantities such the mass absorption coefficient, the electron stopping power, ionization cross sections and fluorescent yields. This talk examines the accuracy of the data available in each category, and the range of elements and compounds for which values have been published. It is found that the quality and quantity of data available varies greatly and that, with only a few exceptions, much more work is required to produce the reliable and inclusive data base required for accurate matrix corrections.
RF-powered aqueous extractor for identification of chemical signatures of life on Mars, comets and asteroids

The prospect of finding chemical signatures of present or past life on Mars, comets, and asteroids is one of the important drivers behind NASA's Solar System exploration program. A compact sample-processing technology that enables cataloging, characterization and accurate analysis of organic molecules and inorganic ions in planetary crustal materials is necessary to the success of in situ planetary exploration missions. We have been developing a series of compact microextractor (μEX) instruments that will address this necessity for in situ Mars exploration missions, sampling of cometary and asteroidal materials, and Mars Sample Return sample analysis. The core operational principle of μEX is based on a unique property of water - the ability to change its permittivity (i.e., dielectric constant) as a function of frequency. In our instruments, the dielectric constant of water decreases when 180 GHz frequency radiation (12 mW) interacts with samples inside the extraction channels. Recently, we started to transition our microextraction technology to a lab-on-chip scale, where the waveguide structure will be micromachined and integrated with 400-µm ID extraction channels. We have developed sample-manipulation procedures for injection of planetary-analog soil samples into microextraction channels and we have tested our sample-manipulation methods as a function of sample density (1.0 - 0.05 g/ml), sample mineral composition (e.g., conglomerate quatz, kaolinite, hematite, and smectite), and sample flow (1 - 400 µL/min). Here we present our research results, which include assembly and characterization of μEX operation.1,2
Modulation of cholinergic neurotrasmitter release from myenteric plexus by somatostatin

Abstract Efflux of radiolabeled acetylcholine (Ach) was studied in vitro using myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle strips from guinea pig small intestine. The data showed that somatostatin (6.0×10 −7 M) depressed resting output of Ach from enteric neurons and this inhibition was unaltered in the presence of naloxone (1.0×10 −6 M). The inhibition by somatostatin on field-stimulated Ach release was dose-dependent but this inhibition was never complete; there was a 40% fraction of total release remained resistant to somatostatin. Both caerulein (2.85×10 −9 M) and guanidine (3.0×10 −3 M) stimulated release of [H 3 ]-Ach from plexus neurons. The release of Ach induced by guanidine or caerulein was also susceptible to inhibition by somatostatin (6.0×10 −7 M). This study provides functional evidence to further substantiate an inhibitory action on plexus cholinergic neurons by somatostatin.
Commentary Homogeneity, Circularity, Overgeneralization? LD Is Many Disorders and not Due to a Singular Componential Deficit

Editor's Comment: In the January issue of the Journal of Learning Disabilities John Kolligian, Jr. and Robert J. Sternberg authored an article titled “Intelligence, Information Processing, and Specific Learning Disabilities: A Triarchic Synthesis.” Cecil R. Reynolds objected to some of the content and recommendations made in that article. His positions are expressed in this commentary. John Kolligian, Jr. and Robert J. Sternberg respond to his concerns. — JLW
Psychosocial correlates of fire disaster among children and adolescents

This study examined the extent of children's and adolescents' psychosocial maladjustment associated with a natural disaster, namely, wildfire. The course of psychopathology was assessed six weeks after a major wildfire destroyed 420 homes. Victims' functioning relative to a comparison group from the same community, matched for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and fire insurance was examined. The major goal of this study was to assess systematically the short-term mental health consequences of a wildfire disaster among children and adolescents. This goal was achieved through the use of standardized assessment procedures. The results of this study add useful information to the literature concerning the impact of disaster among children and adolescents and provide a methodological framework for future efforts in this area.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection by diphenylhydantoin (dilantin) implicates role of cellular calcium in virus life cycle

Details of the molecular interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and its host cell during the infection process are not entirely clear. Building on recent reports by Lehr and Zimmer (1986, DMW 111, 1001-1002) that the membrane-reactive, anti-epileptic drug diphenylhydantoin (dilantin or phenytoin) (PHT) inhibited binding of HIV to lymphocytes, we hypothesized that understanding the relevant effects of this drug on cells may shed light on aspects of HIV-1 infection. We found that PHT inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, de novo infection of various T-cell lines as well as a monocytic cell line. Moderate inhibition of HIV-1 infection was observed with drug concentrations that are therapeutic in vivo for epilepsy (approximately 20 micrograms/ml), and no concentrations used induced deleterious effects on cell growth or viability. Surprisingly, treatment of chronically infected H9 cells reduced HIV p24 expression within 1-6 weeks according to dose. This apparent induction into latency was not inhibited by cotreatment of the chronically infected cells with 5-azacytidine, which indicated that PHT was not inducing latency by induction of methylation of the viral DNA. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PHT did not significantly reduce cell-surface expression of CD4. The possibility remained that the drug inhibited HIV infection due to its known effects on calcium-dependent cellular processes. Subsequent measurements of intracellular calcium demonstrated that an increase of [Ca2+]i occurred at least 24 hr postinfection, prior to synthesis of detectable viral structural protein p24, and that this virus-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not due to binding of HIV to the cell. This HIV-induced rise in [Ca2+]i was significantly inhibited by PHT. PHT demonstrated variable inhibitory effects on infection of normal PHA-stimulated PBLs cultured in vitro, but it was synergistic to low-dose AZT (0.01 microgram/ml) in inhibiting infection of cell lines. Because of the known inhibitory effects of PHT on calcium-dependent biochemical processes in the cell, inhibition of HIV-1 infection by PHT suggests that calcium may play a role in HIV infection and maintenance. The drug may also be a candidate therapy for individuals infected with HIV.
Radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer

Ablation refers to the first administration of radioiodine to a patient with WDTC. Usually, this dose is administered within 4–6 weeks after total thyroidectomy. Because some thyroid tissue is usually present in the neck even after total thyroidectomy, optimal follow-up is achieved following the ablation or destruction of this normal residual thyroid tissue. Other objectives of ablation are discussed below in the “Objectives of radioiodine ablation and treatment” section. The term “Treatment” applies subsequently, when there is evidence of residual and the distinction in the definitions aids in physician to physician communication of the therapeutic interventions. While most endocrinologists use the term “dosage” to apply to the amount of radioiodine administered, the more appropriate term is “activity”. Rather, “dosage,” should be used to express the amount of the radiation absorbed dose in rads or grays administered to the patient.
Nth-nearest neighbor statistics for analysis of particle distribution data derived from micrographs

Abstract Mean distances to N th-nearest neighbors were computed for slices through three-dimensional equilibrium arrays of monodisperse spheres for N up to 200. Inhibition effects were significant even at low volume fractions. The results indicate that micrograph-derived particle distribution statistics should be compared to slice statistics rather than two-dimensional or point data.
Edge dislocation near an inclusion with a slipping interface

Abstract The elastic interaction between an edge dislocation and a circular inclusion with a slipping interface is considered. The behaviour of the dislocation can be classified in terms of two parameters formed from the elastic constants. For certain values of these parameters, the interaction is not restricted to either simple attraction or repulsion, and the dislocation has equilibrium positions that correspond to saddle points in the interaction energy.
Implementing first-order rewriting with constructor systems (Note)

Abstract In previous work [8] we described a technique for translating a general class of equational rewriting systems called regular systems [3] to constructor-based systems. This paper extends the previous results by showing that the translation technique described in [8] is much more generally applicable under a slight restriction of rewriting in the translated version of the system. The three additional classes we consider are those of semiregular systems (a generalization of regular systems), canonical systems, and arbitrary call-by-value confluent systems. It is shown that in each case the translation preserves the defining characteristics and normal forms of the class.
Localized cutaneous infection by Scedosporium prolificans (inflatum).

A 15-year-old African-American man was first seen in July 1992 complaining of a painful growth on the toe of 6 weeks duration. Initial examination revealed a 2-cm tender verrucous plaque on the dorsal aspect of the right great toe, just distal to the DIP joint. There were focal erosion and underlying granulation tissue. There was no fever or regional lymphadenopathy, and the patient was otherwise healthy and asymptomatic. Initial diagnostic considerations included viral verruca, blastomycosis, Mycobacterium marinum, and (remotely) squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue was submitted for laboratory evaluation, and the lesion was treated empiricaily with liquid nitrogen, Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed epidermal acanthosis with underlying granulomatous inflammation. Special stains and cultures for acid-fast bacteria (AFB) and fungi (on Mycosel agar) were negative. On follow-up 1 month later, the lesion measured 8 mm; the patient failed to keep further appointments. He returned in July 1993, and examination revealed a well-circumscribed 3.5 cm ulcerated piaque, extending from the proximal nail I fold to the DIP joint, with minimal surrounding erythema and serosanguinous discharge. Again, the patient was otherwise asymptomatic. Soft tissue radiographs showed no bone or joint involvement. A repeat biopsy showed siminar changes, in addition to extensive dermal necrosis. Cultures for fungus and AFB were again negative. The patient missed and follow-up appointments until July 1994, At that time, history and examination were essentially unchanged. A third biopsy was submitted for analysis and failed to identify an etiologic agent. Our differential diagnosis included Trichophyton verrucosum, M. marinum, and deep fungal infections. Over the next 2 months, there was no response to empiric trials of minocycline 100 mg po BID, fluconazole 100 mg po qD, or griseofulvin 250 mg po BID. Finally the lesion was excised, and the base curetted and fulgurated. The surgical specimen was submitted for histology and microbiology. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin displayed a hyperkeratotic and encrusted proliferation of squamous epithelium without atypia, but with scattered intraepidermal abscesses. The underlying dermis showed extensive fibrovascular proliferation with plasmacytic and lymphocytic Infiltration, similar to the previous biopsies. Special stains did not reveal any visible micro-organisms. Part of the surgical specimen was plated on inhibitory mold agar (BBL) and brain heart infusion agar (BBL). Four days later colonies appeared in pure culture and were subsequently identified as Scedosporium prolifions (Fig. 1). The lesion has not recurred after 10 months.
Regulation of palmitic acid synthesis in cultured glial cells: effects of lipid on fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid and sterol synthesis.

— C6 glial cells in culture were utilized to study the regulation of the important lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the synthesis of fatty acids and sterols. Regulation of these phenomena by lipid was demonstrated by the following observations. First, removal of serum from the culture medium was accompanied over the next five days by 2–3-fold increases in the lipogenic enzymatic activities and in 5–15-fold increases in rates of incorporation of acetate into fatty acids and sterols. Second, cells grown in delipidated serum exhibited approx 2-fold higher levels of activity of the lipogenic enzymes and 5–10-fold higher rates of synthesis of fatty acids and sterols than cells grown in normal calf serum. Third, cells grown in serum-free medium supplemented with concentrations of fatty acid comparable to those present in medium supplemented with serum exhibited activities of fatty acid synthetase comparable to those exhibited by cells grown in the serum-supplemented medium. The mechanism of these effects on fatty acid synthetase was shown by immunochemical techniques to involve alterations in content rather than in catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The changes in content of the synthetase were caused by alterations in enzyme synthesis. In view of morphological and biochemical data suggesting that C6 cells are related to differentiating cells with properties of both astrocytes and oligodendroglia, the present data may indicate that regulation of palmitic acid synthesis by fatty acid or a product thereof occurs in brain during development.
X-Y chromosome univalency in the testes of hyperthermic mice. II: Light and electron microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complexes

Hyperthermia-induced X-Y dissociation has been observed in diakinesis-metaphase I sper-matocytes but not in pachytene spermatocytes, which have been implicated as highly susceptible to heat stress. To determine X-Y dissociation in pachytene spermatocytes and to compare levels of dissociation between pachytene and diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes male ICR mice were exposed to 35°C ± 0.07°C and 65% ± 0.14% relative humidity for 2 or 4 days. Control mice were housed at 24°C ± 0.04°C and 43% ± 0.58% relative humidity. Mice were killed 0, 3, 5, 8, or 10 days after stress and the testes processed for meiotic chromosome display at diakinesis-metaphase I and synaptonemal complex display at pachynema. Twenty-five to thirty cells per mouse at both stages of meiosis were observed with light microscopy, and pachytene spreads with transmission electron microscopy to determine heat-stress effects on synaptonemal complex structure. Statistical analyses revealed significant linear increases in X-Y dissociation with prolonged exposure to heat at pachynema and diakinesis-metaphase I. Levels of pachytene dissociation were one-half the levels of dissociation at diakinesis-metaphase I. The resolvable structure of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex was not affected by heat stress.
Calculation of Effective Material Parameters by Field Averaging Over Lattices with Non-Negligible Unit Cell Size

The Pendry et al. field averaging method for calculation of effective material parameters is reviewed and its limits explored. The method is then extended so that it can accurately calculate the effective material parameters of lattices where the unit cell size is appreciable but still quasistatic (d∼0.1λ 0). The new algorithm is verified by calculating the effective material properties of periodically placed particles suspended in free space, as the unit cell size becomes appreciable. Results of our proposed formulation are then compared with the Pendry et al. and conventional volumetric averaging algorithms.
Allergy care in the next millennium: Guidelines for the specialty

When the winds of change blow, some build fences while others build windmills. The winds of change are blowing and the specialty of allergy is faced with this dilemma: Should we fight to keep our established health care system and its inherent rewards or should we accommodate to the wind and find rewards in a new health care domain? In my mind, there is little choice. We have to find our way in the changed health care environment, and we must do so both by providing cost-effective care to the millions of patients who have allergic diseases and by establishing ourselves as a referral source in cooperation with both primary care physicians and other specialists. Thus the practice of our specialty must evolve. We must demonstrate our value both in cost savings and in clinical efficacy. We must also maintain or establish our role as appropriate specialists for referral by primary care physicians (PCPs) for consultation in the traditional allergic diseases, including asthma, and for important diseases not previously referred to the allergist, such as sinusitis.
Calcium (45CA2+) absorption by sorghum seedling roots after exposure to PCMBS and three cation channel blockers

Abstract Root‐tips, 1‐cm, of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv SC283, SC574, GP‐10, and Funk G522DR were exposed to 1 mM PCMBS for 10‐min and then to 45Ca2+ in the presence of cation channel blockers nifedipine (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μM), diltiazem (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mM), or verapamil (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mM)] at pH 5.5 for 2‐hr. Significant differences in total 45Ca2+ absorption between cultivars without cation channel‐blockers was observed. Each channel‐blocker was effective at concentrations that were interactions of channel‐blocker and cultivar.
Strontium and Calcium Uptake by the Green Alga, Oocystis eremosphaeria

The uptake of calcium and strontium by a green unicellular alga cultured in media containing these elements in concentrations found in nature is directly proportional to the concentration in the media. Variation in the concentration of either element has a slight inverse influence on the uptake of the other. The increase of strontium uptake when the calcium concentration is very low indicates that strontium is substituted for calcium when calcium is limited and suggests that the alga requires either element.
Can Agile and Traditional Systems Development Approaches Coexist? An Ambidextrous View

Emerging evidence seems to indicate that most systems development organizations are attempting to utilize both agile and traditional approaches. This study aims to understand the reasons organizations feel the need for this unlikely juxtaposition and the organizational challenges in sustaining the opposing cultures. Drawing on the extensive literature in organizational theory and management, we advocate ambidexterity as a viable solution to systems development organizations attempting to harness the benefits of both agile and traditional development.
Fundamental Study and Equipment for Sintering and Testing of Cermet Bodies: VI, Fabrication, Testing, and Properties of 72 Chromium‐28 Alumina Cermets

Physical properties, including firing shrinkage, density, modulus of rupture from 75° to 2400°F., stress-rupture life in cross bending and in tension at 1800° and at 2000°F., modulus of elasticity, tensile strength from 75° to 2000°F., comparative impact resistance, oxidation resistance, thermal expansion, and thermal-shock resistance, for the composition 28% alumina-72% chromium combine to indicate the potential value of this material in high stress applications at elevated temperatures where severe thermal shock may be encountered. While the thermal-shock resistance is much better than that possessed by the low-chromium high-alumina bodies discussed in Part V, the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures do not appear to suffer as a result of the highly continuous metal phase in the more recently developed body.
Tuning of microring resonators

Structural imperfections in fabricated microring resonators make post-fabrication tuning of rings useful in order to obtain desired transmission, phase and delay characteristics. Optical trimming of polymer microrings has been demonstrated using photobleaching. Here we investigate post-fabrication tuning of silicon-on-insulator microrings and microring based devices, including aligning the resonant frequencies of rings, and tuning the coupling coefficients.
Enhancing self-regulation of practice: the influence of graphing and self-evaluative standards

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of graphing of self-recorded outcomes and self-evaluative standards on the acquisition of a motoric skill with 70 college students. It was postulated that students who were provided with graduated self-evaluative standards would surpass those who were provided with absolute standards or no standards (control) in both motoric skill and in motivational beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, attributions, and self-satisfaction). Regarding graphing of self-recorded outcomes, it was hypothesized that students who graphed their results visually would show higher dart skill and stronger motivational beliefs than participants who did not graph their results. Support was found for these hypotheses. The implications of findings of this study were discussed for instructors in terms of how the effects of self-directed practice can be enhanced.
A hyperactive pulmonary vasculature in response to chronic mitral regurgitation.

ABSTRACT A subset of patients with mitral valve disease has a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) that is disproportionate to elevations in pulmonary venous pressure. Termed a “hyperactive” pulmonary vasculature, the elevation in PVR falls promptly and dramatically in response to mitral valve replacement. We report a 55-year-old man with progressive, exertional dyspnea of several months′ duration who had signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) with moderate mitral valvular regurgitation and aortic stenosis by echocardiography interrogation. These lesions in combination, together with his CHF and disproportionate elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (90 mm Hg) and PVR (527 dyne · s · cm −5 ), raised the prospect of valvular replacement. There followed a normalization of PVR and marked improvement in his symptoms and signs of CHF in response to pharmacologic management with an ACE inhibitor, loop diuretic, and aldosterone receptor antagonist to negate any further consideration of surgery.
Rapid, Photoactivatable Turn-On Fluorescent Probes Based On an Intramolecular Photoclick Reaction

Photoactivatable fluorescent probes are invaluable tools for the study of biological processes with high resolution in space and time. Numerous strategies have been developed in generating photoactivatable fluorescent probes, most of which rely on the photo-“uncaging” and photoisomerization reactions. To broaden photoactivation modalities, here we report a new strategy in which the fluorophore is generated in situ through an intramolecular tetrazole-alkene cycloaddition reaction (“photoclick chemistry”). By conjugating a specific microtubule-binding taxoid core to the tetrazole/alkene prefluorophores, robust photoactivatable fluorescent probes were obtained with fast photoactivation (∼1 min) and high fluorescence turn-on ratio (up to 112-fold) in acetonitrile/PBS (1:1). Highly efficient photoactivation of the taxoid–tetrazoles inside the mammalian cells was also observed under a confocal fluorescence microscope when the treated cells were exposed to either a metal halide lamp light passing through a 300/3...
MALT lymphoma at the base of tongue of a 29-year-old woman treated with radiation therapy alone

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is frequently reported in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), but the incidence is low in the upper aerodigestive tract. In particular, MALT lymphoma of the tongue is very rare. Only four cases have been reported in the English literature to date. We report a case of 29-year-old woman who had a past history of peripheral T cell lymphoma of the head and neck and a new mass at the right base of tongue 3 years later. An incisional biopsy of the base of tongue revealed a new pathology, one that of extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma). After staging work-up, she was diagnosed to be at the Ann Arbor stage IE. She was treated with 30.6 Gy of radiation therapy alone and there was no recurrence after 3 years follow-up.
A 1.8 V 4 k FeRAM Chip Using 0.2 u Process and Novel Design Techniques

Due to the increasing demand for high speed, low voltage or low power applications, non-volatile memory becomes even more important and more challenging as technology advances. With ferroelectric memories, which provides fast write and fast read with relatively low power, the challenge is to provide a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) chip that operates at low voltages with the smallest geometry available in the technology. In this paper, we present a 1.8 V 4 k bit ferroelectric memory chip design, with emphasis on core/core control, bit:cell determination and key circuit design as well as simulation results based on a 0.2 u CMOS double level metal process and ferroelectric process parameter assumptions.
Comparison of in vitro translated HPV‐16 E7 protein with GST‐fusion HPV‐16 E7 protein as serologic markers in patients with cervical cancer

Park JS, Um SJ, Kim TY, Kim EJ, Kim CJ, Park SN, Namkoong SE, Kim SJ. Comparison of in vitro translated HPV-16 E7 protein with GST-fusion HPV-16 E7 protein as serologic markers in patients with cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8: 380–386. The purpose of the study is to investigate in vitro translated HPV-16 E7 protein and GST-fusion HPV-16 E7 protein as serologic markers in females with cervical cancer. The sera of 39% (39/100) of patients with cervical cancer were RIPA positive for in vitro translated HPV-16 E7 protein and the sera of 29% (29/100) of females with cervical cancer were ELISA positive for HPV-16 GST-fusion E7 protein. The positivities for in vitro translated HPV-16 E7 protein in cervical cancers were 14% (7/49) in stage I, 59% (26/44) in stage II, and 86% (6/7) in stage III/IV, thus significantly correlating with advancing stage of the disease (P < 0.01). These data suggest that many patients with cervical neoplasia generate a positive antibody response to HPV-16 E7 proteins. The antibody positives to in vitro translated HPV-16 E7 protein increase with advancing clinical stage of disease. These HPV-16 E7 proteins might be a disease-specific markers which could be useful in adjunctive diagnostic assay of HPV-related cervical neoplasia.
Brain Tumor Immunotherapy with Type-1 Polarizing Strategies

Although the safety of vaccine approaches for central nervous system (CNS) malignancies has been established in early phase clinical trials, the success of a vaccine strategy will depend critically on the ability of effector T cells to home in to CNS tumors and durably exert antitumor effects. Based on our recent studies, efficient CNS tumor homing is a characteristic of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with a type 1 phenotype (Tc1), and this appears to be related to the Tc1 response to the type 1 CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10 [also known as interferon (IFN)-inducible protein (IP)-10] and expression of an integrin receptor very late antigen (VLA)-4 on Tc1. In addition, we have previously shown that direct intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells (DCs) ex vivo engineered to secrete IFN-alpha further enhances Tc1 homing via upregulation of CXCL10/IP-10 in the tumor microenvironment. As a means to induce IFN-alpha and CXCL10/IP-10 in the CNS tumor microenvironment in a clinically feasible manner, we used administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized by lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), a ligand for toll-like receptor 3 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) in combination with vaccinations targeting CTL epitopes derived from glioma-associated antigens (GAAs). The combination of subcutaneous vaccination and i.m. poly-ICLC administration remarkably promoted systemic induction of antigen GAA-specific Tc1s expressing VLA-4 in the CNS tumors and improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice in the absence of detectable autoimmunity. Based on these data, we have implemented a phase I/II vaccination study using type 1 polarizing DCs loaded with GAA peptides in combination with poly-ICLC in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.