cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Independent Contributions of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Structure and Function to Working Memory in Healthy Older Adults.

Age-related differences in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) structure and function have each been linked to working memory. However, few studies have integrated multimodal imaging to simultaneously investigate relationships among structure, function, and cognition. We aimed to clarify how specifically DLPFC structure and function contribute to working memory in healthy older adults. In total, 138 participants aged 65-88 underwent 3 T neuroimaging and were divided into higher and lower groups based on a median split of in-scanner n-back task performance. Three a priori spherical DLPFC regions of interest (ROIs) were used to quantify blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and FreeSurfer-derived surface area, cortical thickness, and white matter volume. Binary logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, education, and scanner type revealed that greater left and right DLPFC BOLD signal predicted the probability of higher performing group membership (P values .05). Importantly, this suggests BOLD signal and surface area may independently contribute to working memory performance in healthy older adults.
Tick-Borne Infections of the Central Nervous System

Tick-borne infections, a heterogenous group of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, are under-appreciated causes of central nervous system (CNS) infection. A number of different tick species can transmit disease, each with a typical geographic range. The incidence of tick-borne infections in the United States has more than doubled in the last decade, with >48,000 cases per year reported in 2016. However, the true burden of tick-borne infection is likely significantly higher due to under-diagnosis and reporting. For instance, it is estimated that the actual number of Lyme disease infections annually are ten-fold higher than the number reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Ispike: A Post-link Optimizer for the Intel®Itanium®Architecture

Ispike is post-link optimizer developed for theIntel®Itanium Processor Family (IPF) processors.TheIPF architecture poses both opportunities and challenges topost-link optimizations.IPF offers a rich set of performancecounters to collect detailed profile information at a low cost,which is essential to post-link optimization being practical.At the same time, the prediction and bundling features onIPF make post-link code transformation more challengingthan on other architectures.In Ispike, we have implementedoptimizations like code layout, instruction prefetching, datalayout, and data prefetching that exploit the IPF advantages,and strategies that cope with the IPF-specific challenges.Using SPEC CINT2000 as benchmarks, we showthat Ispike improves performance by as much as 40% on theItanium®2 processor, with average improvement of 8.5%and 9.9% over executables generated by the Intel®Electroncompiler and by the Gcc compiler, respectively.We alsodemonstrate that statistical profiles collected via IPF performancecounters and complete profiles collected via instrumentationproduce equal performance benefit, but theprofiling overhead is significantly lower for performancecounters.
Connective Tissue Diseases in the Skin: Emerging Concepts and Updates on Molecular and Immune Drivers of Disease

Cutaneous manifestations are common across the spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Connective tissue diseases manifesting in the skin are often difficult to classify and require integration of clinical, histopathologic, and serologic findings. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular and immune drivers involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma/systemic sclerosis, and mixed connective tissue disease. Recent research advances have led to the emergence of new ancillary tools and useful diagnostic clues of which dermatopathologists should be aware to improve diagnostic accuracy for these diseases.
Probing the role of reward expectancy in Pavlovian-instrumental transfer

Reward-paired cues acquire motivational properties which allow them to invigorate instrumental reward-seeking behavior — termed Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. Somewhat surprisingly, this motivational influence is greatest for cues that serve as unreliable or otherwise weak predictors of reward. In this review, we delve into the ongoing debate about why weak and strong reward-predictive cues differ in their motivational effects. We outline evidence that, when presented with a strong reward predictor, rats exert cognitive control over their motivation to seek out new rewards to allow for efficient reward retrieval, an effect modulated by the expected probability, timing, and magnitude of reward. We also review recent research applying this approach to study how cue-motivated behavior becomes dysregulated in drug addiction and adolescent development.
Placement of a Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube.

Placement of a Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube Placement of a double-lumen endotracheal tube is an airway management technique that permits isolation and selective ventilation of an individual lung....
Decoupling of second order systems via linear time invariant transformations

Abstract Decoupling of linear time invariant (LTI) systems of second order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with real matrix coefficients via LTI transformations in the configuration space is revisited. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such transformations are presented, as well as methods to construct transformation matrices. Matrix series and general matrix function formulas for the system’s matrix coefficients which enable decoupling are also discussed. Systems with non-symmetric and symmetric matrices are considered. Situations when systems degenerate into second order ODEs and lower order ODEs, including differential algebraic equations (DAEs), are analyzed as well.
SU-E-T-310: Dosimetric Comparison of Tandem and Ovoid (TO) Vs. Tandem and Ring (TR) Applicators in High-Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy (BT) for the Treatment of Locally-Advanced Cervical-Cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric differences associated with the use of TO or TR applicators for cervical-cancer HDR BT. Methods: The records of all cervical-cancer patients treated with image-guided HDR BT in 2013 were reviewed. Image-based planning based on isodose line and DVH metrics inspections was performed following the GEC-ESTRO recommendations. CTV volume, CTV D90, and rectum, bladder and sigmoid D2cc were collected as % of the prescription dose (80Gy EQD2). Patients receiving both TO and TR were identified and plans were compared (paired analysis). A Student T-test was used to evaluate statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Twenty-eight patients were identified (20 TR only, 4 TO only, 4 TO and TR), associated with 116 plans (109 TR, 7 TO). Overall metrics: CTV volume, 26.5±10.4 cm3 (TR) and 39.1±14.0 cm3 (TO, p < 0.01); CTV D90, 126±28% (TR) and 110±15% (TO, p = 0.15); rectum D2cc, 56±11% (TR) and 58±19% (TO, p = 0.91); bladder D2cc, 74±20% (TR) and 88±19% (TO, p = 0.09); sigmoid D2cc, 52±17% (TR) and 49±20% (TO, p = 0.63). The paired analysis results were: CTV volume, 37.3±11.9 cm3 (TR) and 51.0±23.1 cm3 (TO, p = 0.23); CTV D90, 111±12% (TR) and 101±17% (TO, p = 0.50); rectum D2cc, 56±12% (TR) and 53±16% (TO, p = 0.71); bladder D2cc, 73±14% (TR) and 90±20% (TO, p = 0.22); sigmoid D2cc, 59±10% (TR) and 59±22% (TO, p = 0.98). Conclusion: TR and TO were both used with good dosimetric results. TO were used for patients with larger CTV volumes than TR, although paired analysis suggest that tissue distortion and contouring bias may partially explain this Result. CTV D90 on average > 80 Gy EQD2 were achieved in both groups despite the different CTV volume. Higher bladder D2cc for TO than TR was observed.
Outside of the Lines: A Comparison of Leadership Styles of Two Collegiate Athletic Coaches

Leadership has been an increasingly growing topic throughout literature with the mass exodus of the Baby Boomers. These preparation strategies have researchers searching for the best attributes associated with effective leadership outcomes. The following study looks at attributes of two distinguish collegiate coaches to determine if any common themes exist and align with literature findings over the past two decades. Additionally, the study will seek to affirm any commonalities with influential strategies and personality traits to leadership effectiveness.
Effects of Forming Induced Phase Transformation on Crushing Behavior of TRIP Steel

In this paper, results of finite element crash simulation are presented for a TRIP steel side rail with and without considering the phase transformation during forming operations. A homogeneous phase transformation model is adapted to model the mechanical behavior of the austenite-to-martensite phase. The forming process of TRIP steels is simulated with the implementation of the material model. The distribution and volume fraction of the martensite in TRIP steels may be greatly influenced by various factors during forming process and subsequently contribute to the behavior of the formed TRIP steels during the crushing process. The results indicate that, with the forming induced phase transformation, higher energy absorption of the side rail can be achieved. The phase transformation enhances the strength of the side rail
Optimizing variable DC link voltage for an induction motor drive under dynamic conditions

Induction motor drives are conventionally operated with a fixed inverter dc-link bus voltage. However, low drive speeds will result in low modulation index and poor dc bus utilization of the inverter. Aperiodic current controllers, such as hysteresis controllers, exhibit increased switching frequencies and losses for higher dc-link voltages. These high switching frequencies can be avoided by dynamically varying the dc-link voltage according to drive operating conditions. In addition to reducing inverter switching losses, varying the dc-link voltage also reduces the switched voltage magnitude across inverter semiconductor switches, potentially increasing inverter reliability. In the proposed work, the link voltage is varied by using a front-end dc-dc buck converter. The link voltage command is derived using a loss minimization technique that uses flux and rotor speed commands to the drive. The effect of additional loss from the front-end converter on the total loss is also investigated. Simulation and experimental results indicate that a variable dc-link voltage supports substantial power electronics loss reduction in applications with highly varying speed conditions.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) issues encountered in an environmental services (EVS) department

QAC are the most common agents used in the United States for disinfection of healthcare surfaces. Recently, concern arose over the ability of cloths to bind QAC. Both microfiber cloths and cotton cloths are available in our facility.
EFFECT OF ELEVATED CO2 ON COARSE-ROOT BIOMASS IN FLORIDA SCRUB DETECTED BY GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR

Growth and distribution of coarse roots in time and space represent a gap in our understanding of belowground ecology. Large roots may play a critical role in carbon sequestration belowground. Using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we quantified coarse-root biomass from an open-top chamber experiment in a scrub-oak ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA. GPR propagates electromagnetic waves directly into the soil and reflects a portion of the energy when a buried object is contacted. In our study, we utilized a 1500 MHz antenna to establish correlations between GPR signals and root biomass. A significant relationship was found between GPR signal reflectance and biomass (R2 = 0.68). This correlation was applied to multiple GPR scans taken from each open-top chamber (elevated and ambient CO2). Our results showed that plots receiving elevated CO2 had significantly (P = 0.049) greater coarse-root biomass compared to ambient plots, suggesting that coarse roots may play a large role in carbon sequestration in scrub-oak ecosystems. This nondestructive method holds much promise for rapid and repeatable quantification of coarse roots, which are currently the most elusive aspect of long-term belowground studies.
Introducing N-glycans into natural products through a chemoenzymatic approach.

The present study describes an efficient chemoenzymatic method for introducing a core N-glycan of glycoprotein origin into various lipophilic natural products. It was found that the endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobactor protophormiae (Endo-A) had broad substrate specificity and can accommodate a wide range of glucose (Glc)- or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-containing natural products as acceptors for transglycosylation, when an N-glycan oxazoline was used as a donor substrate. Using lithocholic acid as a model compound, we have shown that introduction of an N-glycan could be achieved by a two-step approach: chemical glycosylation to introduce a monosaccharide (Glc or GlcNAc) as a handle, and then Endo-A catalyzed transglycosylation to accomplish the site-specific N-glycan attachment. For those natural products that already carry terminal Glc or GlcNAc residues, direct enzymatic transglycosylation using sugar oxazoline as the donor substrate was achievable to introduce an N-glycan. It was also demonstrated that simultaneous double glycosylation could be fulfilled when the natural product contains two Glc residues. This chemoenzymatic method is concise, site-specific, and highly convergent. Because N-glycans of glycoprotein origin can serve as ligands for diverse lectins and cell-surface receptors, introduction of a defined N-glycan into biologically significant natural products may bestow novel properties onto these natural products for drug discovery and development.
Synthesis of galactosyl ceramide and glucosyl ceramide by rat brain: Assay procedures and changes with age

Summary Conditions were determined for assaying whole rat brain for the galactosyl- and glucosyltransferases which form cerebrosides from ceramide and a sugar nucleotide. The brain was homogenized in water, lyophilized, and suspended in benzene together with ceramide. The mixture of tissue and substrate was evaporated to dryness with nitrogen and then incubated in a medium containing EDTA, Tris buffer, dithiothreitol, nicotinamide, Mn 2+ , and radioactive sugar nucleotide. In the case of UDPGlc, ATP was also added. The galactosyltransferase could use Mg 2+ about as well as Mg 2+ and showed a marked preference for ceramides containing a hydroxy fatty acid, while the glucosyltransferase utilized ceramides of either type equally well but was only slightly stimulated by Mg 2+ . The pH optimum was about 7.4 for both enzymes. Other methods tested for bringing the lipoidal substrate into contact with the enzyme yielded much lower activities. The activity of the two enzymes changed with age in different fashions during the early stage of postnatal life. Galactosyltransferase activity was low in the beginning, rising 5-fold between 8 and 16 days, while glucosyltranferase activity was high in the beginning, remaining almost constant until 16 days. Both enzymes decreased in activity over the next 40 days, reaching a plateau covering at least 300 more days.
Utilization of vitamin B12 by rats with pantothenic acid deficiency.

SummaryThe metabolic pattern and the sparing effect of Vit. B12 were studied in pantothenic acid deficient rats with the following results: 1) The liver of pantothenic acid deficient rats had higher Vit. B12 content than the control. The plasma Vit. B12 level, however, was not elevated in the deficient rats. 2) Administration of a large dose of Vit. B12 to rats receiving a suboptimal dose of pantothenic acid had a sparing effect on survival rate. 3) Absorption and excretion of radioactive Vit. B12 were not impaired in pantothenic acid deficiency. 4) Radioactive Vit. B12 introduced either by intestinal absorption or by injection was retained more in the liver in pantothenic acid deficient rats than in the pantothenic acid supplemented control.
Comparative toxicity of nickel to mycelial proliferation and spore formation of selected fungi

Nickel (Ni) inhibited mycelial growth and spore production by filamentous fungi. Sporulation ofAspergillus niger, Aspergillus giganteus, Penicillium vermiculatum, andGliocladium sp. was more sensitive to Ni than was mycelial growth; mycelial proliferation ofBeauvaria sp. was more sensitive to Ni than was spore formation; and withTrichoderma viride andRhizopus stolonifer, both processes were approximately equal in sensitivity to Ni. Lower levels of Ni were not inhibitory to mycelial proliferation but stimulated spore production byT. viride.
On the synthesis of suboptimal, inertia-wheel attitude control systems

Two techniques are presented for the synthesis of suboptimal systems using motor-driven inertia wheels as the source of torque for three-dimensional attitude control. These techniques approximately minimize the integral of a quadratic function of system error and control effort, and both procedures compensate for non-linear inter-axis coupling. The techniques developed in this paper are applied to the design of attitude control systems for two typical artificial satellites. The resulting control laws are in feedback form. In a computer simulation, systems designed on the basis of the procedures developed are shown to respond faster and more accurately than those designed by optimization procedures based on linearized approximations of the equations of motion or by conventional transform methods.
Group Theory and Architecture

An introduction to a comprehensive theory of design based on group theory in an intuitive form, and building up any needed group theory through tutorial passages. The article will begin by assuming that the reader has no knowledge of group theory, and progressively add more and more group theory in an easy form, until we finally are able to get to quite difficult topics in tensor algebras, and give a group-theoretic analysis of complex buildings such as those of Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Coop Himmelblau, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Greg Lynn, and Bernard Tschumi. The first part is on a subject of considerable psychological relevance: nested symmetries. In the second Leyton looks at the functional role of symmetry and asymmetry in architecture.
Fabrication of nanocables by electrochemical deposition inside metal nanotubes.

We report a novel route for fabricating Au−Te nanocables. Using nanoporous polycarbonate tract-etching (PCTE) membrane as the template, Au nanotubes were fabricated by electroless Au deposition inside the nanopores of the PCTE membrane. Using the Au nanotube membrane as a second template, Te was deposited on the surfaces of the Au nanotubes by slow electrochemical deposition, taking advantage of underpotential deposition (UPD). The deposition rate was sufficiently slow to radially grow Te nanotubes coaxially within the Au nanotubes to form nanocables.
Nanoparticulate composites of melt textured YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductors

Abstract It has been shown that Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O7−x could exhibit a pronounced Jc(H) peak effect, which results in an enhancement of the critical current density under the medium range magnetic field. Additions of small quantities of Nd2O3 into Pt-doped YBa2Cu3O7−x (Y123) resulted in the formation of nanosized (30–60 nm) secondary phases which are expected to have a significant effect on superconducting properties of melt textured Y123 single crystals. By considering of solidification kinetics, effect of neodymium oxide and platinum addition on processing parameters of melt textured Y123 superconductors are discussed.
Instructional Elements Influencing Elementary Student Attitudes toward Social Studies

Student antipathy toward social studies has concerned educators for decades. While causality studies suggest that the teacher is a prime determinant of social studies attitude, research has left a ...
EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON THE FLOCCULATION OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE SUSPENSIONS BY XANTHAN GUM

Abstract Magnesium carbonate suspensions were deflocculated by the anionic surfactant, docusate sodium. Sedimentation volume of the flocculated systems and the docusate sodium concentration needed for deflocculation were related to the particle size and specific area of the two types of magnesium carbonate. The concentration of xanthan gum required to induce flocculation was related to the surfactant concentration because of competitive adsorption at the particle- medium interface. A non-ionic surfactant, polysorbate 40, had no effect on flocculation state of the suspensions.
A sputtered optical waveguide amplitude modulator on a LiNb03 substrate

Abstract An optical waveguide balanced modulator was constructed with passive niobium oxide strip waveguides on a LiNbO3 substrate. Modulation was produced via the r 33 term of the electro-optic coefficient of the substrate. Full-on, full-off switching could be produced by 17 volts dc, leading to a power bandwidth characteristic of 200 microwatts per mega-hertz for a modulation index of 1 radian over the measured 1.5 GHz bandwidth of the device.
Post Golgi apparatus structures and membrane removal in plants

In nongrowing secretory cells of plants, large quantities of membrane are transferred from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane without a corresponding increase in cell surface area or accumulation of internal membranes. Movement and/or redistribution of membrane occurs also in trans Golgi apparatus cisternae which disappear after being sloughed from the dictyosome, and in secretory vesicles which lose much of their membrane in transit to the cell surface. These processes have been visualized in freeze-substituted corn rootcap cells and a structural basis for membrane loss during trafficking is seen. It involves three forms of coated membranes associated with the trans parts of the Golgi apparatus, with cisternae and secretory vesicles, and with plasma membranes. The coated regions of the plasma membrane were predominantly located at sites of recent fusion of secretory vesicles suggesting a vesicular mechanism of membrane removal. The two other forms of coated vesicles were associated with the trans cisternae, with secretory vesicles, and with a post Golgi apparatus tubular/vesicular network not unlike the TGN of animal cells. However, the trans Golgi network in plants, unlike that in animals, appears to derive directly from the trans cisternae and then vesiculate. The magnitude of the coated membrane-mediated contribution of the endocytic pathway to the formation of the TGN in rootcap cells is unknown. Continued formation of new Golgi apparatus cisternae would be required to maintain the relatively constant form of the Golgi apparatus and TGN, as is observed during periods of active secretion.
Preface to Special Topic: Microsystems for manipulation and analysis of living cells

This Preface describes exciting papers contributed to the Special Topic section on manipulation and analysis of cells using microsystems. Brief summaries of each paper are provided and general trends are discussed.
WW- and SH3-domain interactions with Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A.

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus which establishes a lifelong latent infection in B lymphocytes. Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is expressed in both humans with EBV latent infection and EBV immortalized cell lines grown in culture. Previous studies have shown that the amino terminal domain of LMP2A, which contains eight tyrosines, associates with a variety of cellular proteins via SH2–phosphotyrosine interactions. Also contained within the LMP2A amino terminal domain are five proline-rich regions, three of which possess the PxxP core consensus sequence required for interacting with SH3 domains and two of which possess the PPxY core consensus sequence (PY motif) required for interacting with class I type WW domains. In the current study, the ability of LMP2A to interact with either modular SH3 or WW domains was investigated. The results of these studies indicate that the two LMP2A PY motifs interact strongly with representative class I WW domains, but not with representative class II WW domains. In contrast, no interactions were detected between LMP2A and any of the five different SH3 domains tested. These data demonstrate that a subset of the conserved proline-rich motifs within the amino terminus of LMP2A can potentially mediate interactions with cellular proteins and may play a role in EBV-mediated latency and/or transformation.
Low yield of residual vulvar carcinoma and dysplasia upon re-excision for close or positive margins

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study are to determine the utility of re-excision after a primary diagnosis of vulvar carcinoma by assessing the frequency of residual carcinoma found upon re-excision and to quantitate the wound breakdown and carcinoma recurrence rates. Methods We reviewed 1122 cases of VIN or vulvar carcinoma. Women who underwent re-excisional procedures, as part of their initial surgical treatment were identified. Associations between the margin status of the original excisional sample and histology of re-excision, as well as association between the depth of invasion upon initial excision and histology of re-excision were analyzed with Chi-square tests. Results We identified 84 evaluable patients, 72 with stage I disease, 4 with stage II, and 7 with stage III disease. Upon the initial excisional procedure, 33 patients (39%) had carcinoma-positive margins, 27 patients had VIN-positive margins (32%) and 24 patients (28%) had negative margins (>1mm). Upon re-excision, 1/24 (4%) patients with negative margins, 2/27 (7%) patients with VIN-positive margins, and 11/33 (33%) patients with carcinoma-positive margins were found to have carcinoma in the re-excision specimens ( p χ 2 =31). Deeper tumor invasion of the initial excisional specimen (1–12mm) was associated with a higher chance of finding carcinoma upon re-excision (range 18–42%, depending on depth of invasion) ( p =0.015, χ 2 =19). Nineteen patients (23%) had vulvar wound breakdown post re-excision. Twelve patients (15%) experienced recurrences. Conclusions The yield of micro- or invasive carcinoma at re-excision is low, with a high wound breakdown rate. Re-excision should be considered for patients with margins positive for carcinoma, especially for women with deep invasion, while women with VIN or close but clear margins may be followed.
Double precision nonlinear cell for fast independent component analysis algorithm

Several advanced algorithms in defense and security objectives require high-speed computation of nonlinear functions. These include detection, localization, and identification. Increasingly, such computations must be performed in double precision accuracy in real time. In this paper, we develop a significance-based interpolative approach to such evaluations for double precision arguments. It is shown that our approach requires only one major multiplication, which leads to a unified and fast, two-cycle, VLSI architecture for mantissa computations. In contrast, the traditional iterative computations require several cycles to converge and typically these computations vary a lot from one function to another. Moreover, when the evaluation pertains to a compound or concatenated function, the overall time required becomes the sum of the times required by the individual operations. For our approach, the time required remains two cycles even for such compound or concatenated functions. Very importantly, the paper develops a key formula for predicting and bounding the worst case arithmetic error. This new result enables the designer to quickly select the architectural parameters without the expensive and intolerably long simulations, while guaranteeing the desired accuracy. The specific application focus is the mapping of the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) technique to a coarse-grain parallel-processing architecture.
Equivalent circuit parameters of nickel/metal hydride batteries from sparse impedance measurements

Abstract In a recent communication, a method for extracting the equivalent circuit parameters of a lead acid battery from sparse (only three) impedance spectroscopy observations at three different frequencies was proposed. It was based on an equivalent circuit consisting of a bulk resistance, a reaction resistance and a constant phase element (CPE). Such a circuit is a very appropriate model of a lead-acid cell at high state of charge (SOC). This paper is a sequel to it and presents an application of it in case of nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries, which also at high SOC are represented by the same circuit configuration. But when the SOC of a Ni/MH battery under interrogation goes low, The EIS curve has a positive slope at the low frequency end and our technique yields complex values for the otherwise real circuit parameters, suggesting the need for additional elements in the equivalent circuit and a definite relationship between parameter consistency and SOC. To improvise the previous algorithm, in order that it works reasonably well at both high and low SOCs, we propose three more measurements—two at very low frequencies to include the Warburg response and one at a high frequency to model the series inductance, in addition to the three in the mid frequency band—totally six measurements. In most of the today’s instrumentation, it is the user who should choose the circuit configuration and the number of frequencies where impedance should be measured and the accompanying software performs data fitting by complex nonlinear least squares. The proposed method has built into it an SOC-based decision-making capability—both to choose the circuit configuration and to estimate the values of the circuit elements.
Effects of (+-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on brain dopaminergic activity in rats.

Abstract Acute treatment with (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) at high doses (10 and 30 mg/kg, IP), but not lower doses increased locomotor activity in male rats. MDMA did not consistently produce any other stereotyped behaviors at any dose. Dopamine (DA) turnover rate as estimated by the ratio of brain tissue levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) over DA was decreased in the striatum for up to two hours after acute treatment with 10 mg/kg of MDMA. DA turnover rate was inconsistently decreased in the olfactory tubercle and medial basal hypothalamus, and was unchanged in the medial prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. Two hours after a 30 mg/kg injection of MDMA, DA turnover rate was decreased in all brain areas tested. MDMA and d-amphetamine partially reversed a haloperidol-induced elevation of striatal DOPAC levels. In contrast, the nonamphetamine stimulant, amfonelic acid, enhanced haloperidol's effect. In chloral hydrate-anesthesized rats, MDMA injected IV partially inhibited spontaneous firing rate of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (34% decrease at 4 mg/kg of MDMA). Seventeen days after subchronic MDMA treatment (10 or 20 mg/kg, IP, twice per day for four days), DA and DOPAC levels were unchaged in all brain areas tested as compared to levels in control rats. It is concluded that acute treatment with high but not low doses of MDMA has a weak amphetamine-like effect on nigrostriatal as well as mesolimbic/mesocortical and tuberoinfundibular DA neurons in rats. Repeated treatment with MDMA does not appear to be toxic to mesotelencephalic or tuberoinfundibular DA neurons.
The ground signatures of the expansion phase during multiple onset substorms

The paper examines the signatures of multiple-expansion-phase substorm onsets in night-time magnetograms as well as in recordings of auroral activity and energetic electron precipitation. Individual onsets of Pi2 magnetic pulsations observed at three widely spaced stations are used to define and time each onset accurately in order to distinguish between local variations in bay activity and fully developed substorm onsets; this method is equivalent to defining each new onset in terms of the brightening of an auroral arc and the formation of a westward-travelling surge. It is found that the formation of multiple auroral surges appears to be a fundamental feature of multiple-onset substorms, that each surge seems to be associated with a localized field-aligned current system which moves westward with the surge and perturbs the preexisting current wedge, and that this gives rise to the multiple-onset signatures observed on subauroral and low-latitude magnetograms. Since certain findings contradict existing models of multiple-onset events, an alternative model is proposed which is based on the fundamental role of surge activity and localized current wedges.
Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): an overview

A critical review of characters used in the systematics of the Brassicaceae is given, and aspects of the origin, classification, and generic delimitation of the family discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the family were reviewed, and major clades identified. Based on molecular studies, especially from the ndhF chloroplast gene, and careful evaluation of morphology and generic circumscriptions, a new tribal alignment of the Brassicaceae is proposed. In all, 25 tribes are recognized, of which seven (Aethionemeae, Boechereae, Descurainieae, Eutremeae, Halimolobeae, Noccaeeae, and Smelowskieae) are described as new. For each tribe, the center(s) of distribution, morphology, and number of taxa are given. Of the 338 genera currently recognized in the Brassicaceae, about 260 genera (or about 77%) were either assigned or tentatively assigned to the 25 tribes. Some problems relating to various genera and tribes are discussed, and future research developments are briefly covered.
Hepatic Artery Ligation in Rabbits Followed by Thoracic Caval Constriction.

Conclusion1. Acute hepatic artery ligation in the rabbit resulted in 100% mortality in this experiment. 2. Massive penicillin therapy following hepatic artery ligation in rabbits resulted in a 66% survival rate. 3. Ascites produced by thoracic caval constriction in the rabbit is not prevented or appreciably affected by previous hepatic artery ligation.
Optical pumping of 3P2 argon and xenon atoms

Abstract The conventional method of optical pumping has been extended to argon and xenon atoms in the 3 P 2 metastable state. The cross section for collisional depolarization of argon with ground state helium atoms is 9 ± 3 × 10 -16 cm 2 and with ground state neon atoms is 37 ± 8 × 10 -16 cm 2 . In xenon six resonance lines are observed due to nuclear spin of the odd isotopes.
Changes in the microstructural and electrical behavior of poly-Si films subjected to ion implantation and annealing process modifications

Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films implanted with arsenic using beam currents of 500 μA (400°C) and 230 μA (room temperature) have been investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and spreading resistance analysis (SRA). Experimental observations demonstrated the annealed high beam current-implanted poly-Si to possess inferior electrical properties compared with that implanted at a lower beam current. The reduced electrical activity of the high beam current-versus the low beam current-implanted poly-Si was directly related to the postimplant microstructure (small grains ∼140 nmvs. amorphous) and the mechanism of the subsequent anneal (grain growth vs. recrystallization). The recrystallization mechanism augmented the electrical activation of the As dopant (decreased sheet resistivity) via a reduction of total grain boundary area. Further improvement in the electrical performance of the low beam current-implanted poly-Si, a resistivity decrease of up to 28%, was incurred via a two-step annealing process. This process induced grain growth, which in turn minimized total grain boundary area and dopant trapping.
The Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in Murine Mast Cells: Pentoxifylline or Dexamethasone Inhibits IgE-Dependent Production of TNF-α by Distinct Mechanisms

Abstract Mast cells activated via high-affinity receptors for IgE can produce a variety of multifunctional cytokines, including TNF-α, which is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and other inflammatory disorders. We investigated the regulation of Fc ϵ RI-dependent TNF-α production by mouse mast cells using dexamethasone and pentoxifylline, pharmacological agents which are known to suppress TNF-α production by macrophages. We now report that either dexamethasone or pentoxifylline can inhibit IgE-dependent mouse mast cell production of TNF-α; however, the major site of action of these agents was different. Pentoxifylline inhibited mast cell TNF-α gene transcription, while dexamethasone inhibited TNF-α production predominantly by a posttranscriptional mechanism. These results demonstrate that the synthesis of mast cell TNF-α can be regulated pharmacologically at either the transcriptional or the translational level and that pentoxifylline and dexamethasone, two agents that are used to treat inflammatory disorders, can modulate mast cell TNF-α production at different points in the synthetic pathway of this cytokine.
806-3 Absence of Q Waves Following Thrombolysis: A Marker of Decreased Frequency and Persistence of Regional Left Ventricular Dysfunction

While the functional significance of Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) is well defined, the relationship between Q wave development after thrombolysis and infarct morphology is less well established. Echocardiography was performed within 48 hours of admission (entry) in 86 patients treated with thrombolysis for their first MI. The extent of abnormal wall motion (AWM; cm2) and LV endocardial surface area index (ESAi; cm2/m2)were quantified using a previously validated echocardiographic endocardial surface mapping technique, ECG performed at 48 hours after thrombolysis was used to classify patients into those with (Q; n = 70) and without L(non-Q; n = 16) Q waves. At entry, all patients in the Q group had detectable AWM, while 5 of the 16 patients in the non-O group had no AWM. The proportion of patients with detectable AWM was significantly greater in the Q compared with the non-Q group (p l 0.001). When those non-Q patients without AWM are excluded, there was no significant difference in the extent of AWM between the Q and non-Q groups. Among those patients with AWM at entry who underwent repeat echocardiography at 6–12 weeks (final), both the Q and non-Q groups showed a significant reduction in extent of AWM. However, the mean % change (Δ) in AWM was significantly greater in the non-Q than in the Q group, and there was a trend toward lower final extent of AWM in the non-Q group. The mean ESAi was not significantly different between the two groups at entry or at follow up. Q (n = 41) Non-Q (n = 7) P AWM entry 29 ± 19 * 24 ± 11 ** 0.53 AWM final 22 ± 21 * 8 ± 11 ** 0.10 Mean % Δ AWM -22 ± 55 -75 ± 28 l0.02 * p l 0.02 ** p l 0.002 These findings were independent of the performance of angioplasty. In conclusion, failure to develop Q waves following thrombolysis predicts a lower likelihood of developing significant regional LV dysfunction and, if dysfunction is present, predicts a greater degree of recovery.
Rapid furnace annealing of YBa2Cu3Ox thick films on Ni/NiO and inconel substrates prepared by spray pyrolysis of YBa2Cu3Ox powder

Abstract A spray pyrolysis growth system has been employed for the formation of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (YBCO) thick films. YBCO films on polycrystalline Ni/NiO, Inconel 600, and Inconel X substrates ranging in thickness from 80–100 μm have been developed by a three-step process with observed T c zero values up to 85 K. In the first step, the metallic substrates were examined with and without a preoxidation anneal to form a native oxide layer. Second, superconducting YBCO powder (0.2 μm particle size) was mixed with ethanol and sprayed onto the substrates. Third, the films were sintered at high temperature and oxygenated to form the superconducting phase. The effect of a native oxide buffer layer upon superconducting properties was evaluated as a function of the duration of the preoxidation anneal and the sintering anneal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) θ/2θ, variable temperature four-probe resistance, and Auger line scan characterization of these films will be discussed.
Nutrient mobilization and processing in Sonoran desert riparian soils following artificial re-wetting

Research in river-floodplain systems has emphasized the importance of nutrient delivery by floodwaters, but the mechanisms by which floods make nutrients available are rarely evaluated. Using a laboratory re-wetting experiment, we evaluated the alternative hypotheses that increased nutrient con- centrations in riparian groundwater during flash floods are due to (H1) elevated nutrient concentrations in surface floodwaters entering the riparian zone or (H2) re-mobilization of nutrients from riparian soils. We sampled soils from the riparian zone of a 400 m reach of Sycamore Creek, AZ. Two sub-samples from each soil were re-wetted with a solution that mimicked the chemistry of floodwaters, with one sub- sample simultaneously treated with a biocide. We also measured structural characteristics of soils (texture, organic matter, moisture, and extractable nutrients) to investigate relationships between these characteristics and response to re-wetting. Riparian soils exhibited considerable variation in physical and chemical structure. Soil organic matter, moisture, and texture co-varied among samples. Re-wetting increased concentrations of nitrate and ammonium, and decreased SRP, relative to initial concentrations. Live soils were significantly lower in NOand SRP than biocide-treated samples. Extractable DIN pools were the best predictors of mobilization, and soil organic matter was strongly correlated with nitrate losses, probably via its relationship with microbial uptake. Nutrient mobilization and processing also varied considerably with depth, lateral position, and among plots. We estimate that 70-80% of N in riparian groundwater during flash floods is re-mobilized from riparian soils, but are unable to reject the hypothesis that flood inputs may be important sources of nutrients to riparian soils over longer time scales.
Simulation of relaxation times and energy spectra of the CdTe/Hg 1-x Cd x Te/CdTe quantum well for variable valence band offset, well width, and composition x

The dependences of relaxation times and energy spectrum of the CdTe/Hg1 − x Cd x Te/CdTe quantum well (QW) on its parameters were simulated in the cadmium molar fraction range 0 < x < 0.16. It was found that the x increase from 0 to 0.16 changes electron wave function localization in the QW. A criterion for determining the number of interface levels of localized electrons depending on QW parameters was obtained. The effect of a sharp (by two orders of magnitude) increase in the relaxation time of localized electrons was detected at small QW widths and x close to 0.16.
Developing an Exclusively Affiliated Psychology Internship Consortium: A Novel Approach to Internship Training.

There are not enough local internship positions accredited by the American Psychological Association to meet the needs of candidates who want or need to stay close to their academic program. Although some community agencies that offer practicum experiences might also like to offer internships, they lack sufficient resources. Furthermore, changes in the field of psychology call for new approaches to training. This article describes an innovative approach taken by a graduate school of professional psychology in building on an already existing accredited internship site to develop an exclusively affiliated consortium. The development and description of the internship consortium is described, the advantages and disadvantages of the model are discussed, and practical recommendations for other programs considering such an internship are outlined.
The effect of surface cleanness of thin defects on the reflection of ultrasound

Abstract In a previous paper, the authors described experiments in which simulated defects of thickness 20–200 nm were detected ultrasonically. The defects were produced by creating thin gaps between the surfaces of optical flats. A relation between reflectivity and cleanness of the surfaces was noted. This paper describes new experiments and some theoretical considerations which further explore the relation between cleanness and reflectivity. It is concluded that the surface properties of the thin defects tested affect the reflectivity. In particular, it appears that the surface energy of the defect attracts additional material, which provides a mechanism for transmission of sound across the defect.
Linearity of InGaAs Photodiodes

In radiometry or pyrometry, radiometers are often used to assign the spectral radiance or radiance temperatures of sources using ratios of signals which can differ by several decades. For performing ratios between such sources with low uncertainties, the linearity of the detectors used in the transfer radiometers needs to be characterized. The linearity of InGaAs photodiodes has been studied using the flux-addition method using a broadband infrared source with a visible-blocking filter. Using this technique, 18 InGaAs photodiodes from four different vendors were studied without spectral filtering in a broad wavelength region from 900 nm to 1700 nm with the diodes underfilled by the incident flux. The linearity of InGaAs photodiodes was determined within the range of photocurrents from 10−8 A to 10−4 A. All the InGaAs photodiodes demonstrated linearity from 10−7 A to 10−4 A within the expanded uncertainties of 0.08% (k = 2). The uncertainty in the linearity measurement below 10−8 A is increased due to the increased noise in the photocurrent arising from the feedback resistance of the transimpedance amplifier being greater than the shunt resistance of the photodiode.
Deterministic and probabilistic flood modeling for contemporary and future coastal and inland precipitation inundation

Abstract While hazard mitigation lowers hazard impacts, communities cannot mitigate all possible risks. Targeting mitigation allows agencies with limited resources to mitigate areas within a community where hazard impacts are highest. To target these areas effectively, better hazard modeling is needed to provide more accurate hazard extents to pinpoint mitigation and conduct more complete vulnerability assessments. Deterministic models are useful for developing mitigation policies based on their hazard identification and exposure outputs in vulnerability analyses, but are limited because they do not calculate risk. Probabilistic models provide more information about the range of risk allowing decision makers to target mitigation and land-use management focuses toward areas of higher risk. Deterministic models used in conjunction with probabilistic models can also be used to perform all three levels of vulnerability assessment and produce more complete hazard modeling extents, which is something not traditionally done. To explore the need for the use of probabilistic models in conjunction with deterministic modeling, research presented here creates a theoretical framework for a stochastic storm surge model using deterministic hazard extents that depict coastal hazard inundation, using Sarasota County, Florida as a case study. The deterministic hazard extents are created for use in multiscalar vulnerability assessments that simulate storm surge, inland precipitation and sea-level rise (SLR) to depict holistic coastal hazard inundation. The deterministic extents also provide higher-resolution hazard identification that can aid local decision makers targeting high-risk areas, not all exposed areas.