cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The National Hospital Discharge Survey and Nationwide Inpatient Sample: the databases used affect results in THA research.

Background The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) collect sample data and publish annual estimates of inpatient care in the United States, and both are commonly used in orthopaedic research. However, there are important differences between the databases, and because of these differences, asking these two databases the same question may result in different answers. The degree to which this is true for arthroplasty-related research has, to our knowledge, not been characterized.
Theoretical ab Initio Study of CN2O3 Structures: Prediction of New High-Energy Molecules

Structures and energies of CN2O3 isomers have been investigated theoretically at the ab initio CCSD(T)/TZ2P//MBPT(2)/6-31G* level in search of new high-energy molecules. The most energetically favorable isomer, five-membered cyclic nitrous carbonate, has only a 16 kcal/mol dissociation barrier toward decomposition into CO2 and N2O. Nitroisocyanate, O2N−NCO, a collision complex in the gas-phase reaction of NCO and NO2 radicals, is 29 kcal/mol higher in energy than nitrous carbonate and has a 11 kcal/mol barrier in the exothermic decomposition into CO2 and N2O, which involves formation of an intermediate four-membered cyclic form. Nitrofulminate has a higher CN bond dissociation energy and is expected to be a more stable molecule than the earlier studied nitrosofulminate (Korkin, A. A.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 19840). Regarding its high exothermicity in decomposition (O2N−CNO → CO2 + N2 + 1/2O2; ΔE = −165 kcal/mol), nitrofulminate is suggested as a potential energetic oxidizer. Another candidate is...
Localizing SQL faults in database applications

This paper presents a new fault-localization technique designed for applications that interact with a relational database. The technique uses dynamic information specific to the application's database, such as Structured Query Language (SQL) commands, to provide a fault-location diagnosis. By creating statement-SQL tuples and calculating their suspiciousness, the presented method lets the developer identify the database commands and the program statements likely to cause the failures. The technique also calculates suspiciousness for statement-attribute tuples and uses this information to identify SQL fragments that are statistically likely to be responsible for the suspiciousness of that SQL command. The paper reports the results of two empirical studies. The first study compares existing and database-aware fault-localization methods, and reveals the strengths and limitations of prior techniques, while also highlighting the effectiveness of the new approach. The second study demonstrates the benefits of using database information to improve understanding and reduce manual debugging effort.
Specificity of training required for solution of a stick problem by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract How specific must training be for rhesus monkeys to rake in food with an l -shaped stick in a continuous, sequential manner? Two monkeys trained on the solution itself succeeded on a standard problem, while two trained on the motor sequence and two trained on its components all failed. Two monkeys were trained to guide the stick to a target during training on the components; one of these solved the standard problem in a continuous, sequential manner. Subjects successful on the standard problem transferred successfully to tests that required the stick to be moved a smaller or greater distance in a previously learned direction, but failed in problems demanding a new direction of movement.
High Temperature Monitoring the Height of Condensed Water in Steam Pipes

An in-service health monitoring system is needed for steam pipes to track through their wall the condensation of water. The system is required to measure the height of the condensed water inside the pipe while operating at temperatures that are as high as 250 deg. C. The system needs to be able to make real time measurements while accounting for the effects of cavitation and wavy water surface. For this purpose, ultrasonic wave in pulse-echo configuration was used and reflected signals were acquired and auto-correlated to remove noise from the data and determine the water height. Transmitting and receiving the waves is done by piezoelectric transducers having Curie temperature that is significantly higher than 250 deg. C. Measurements were made at temperatures as high as 250 deg. C and have shown the feasibility of the test method. This manuscript reports the results of this feasibility study.
A Two Hilbert Space Scattering Theorem

The theorem presented in this paper is a variation of a theorem of Birman and Belopol'skii (see Theorem 2 below). This theorem can be used to prove the existence, completeness, and invariance of the wave operators in a large number of applications of the two-space scattering theory to selfadjoint differential operators. The hypotheses of the theorem, which are local in nature (i.e. they are stated in terms of the behavior of the operators on bounded spectral intervals), do not require that the identification mapping J, described below, be an isomorphism as have previous theorems of this type (e.g. 1-3] and Theorem 4.5 of [8]). The two Hilbert space scattering theory is concerned with a pair of selfadjoint operators H o and H acting in separable Hilbert spaces ~uf o and J'¢', respectively, and a bounded linear operator J mapping Jfo into ~ff. Denote the spectral measure for Ho by F/o(.), the subspace of absolute continuity for Ho by yf~c, and the orthogonal projection of ~4°o onto ~ c by Po. Let H(-), jfa~, and P be similarly defined for H. The wave operators W±(H, Ho; J) for the triple (H, Ho; J) are the limits, when they exist,
PAN AIR prediction of NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind-tunnel interference on a fighter configuration

Models tested in the NASA Ames 12-Foot Pressure Wind Tunnel over an angle of attack range from 0 deg to 90 deg are mounted on a floor strut that protrudes from a fairly large support bump. In high-angle-of-attack tests (angle of attack = 40 deg to 90 deg), for which the floor support was originally designed, the effects of the flow angularities produced by the bump are often negligible. This is not so for low-angle-of-attack tests (0 deg to 40 deg). Since there are no standard means for correcting test data for this bump effect, low-angle-of-attack testing with the bump is not recommended by the Ames wind-tunnel staff. This paper presents an exploratory study of a technique for correcting balance forces and experimental pressures for combined wall and bump effects. This is done by modeling the aircraft, wind-tunngl walls, and bump, with PAN AIR. The wall-and-bump-induced increments in the lift coefficient and pitching-moment coefficient predicted by PAN AIR are compared with increments obtained from the Ames 12-foot tunnel with the bump and an 8 x 12 low speed wind tunnel which has no bump.
Metabolism of biogenic amines in neuroblastoma and glioma cells in culture.

— The kinetic parameters of monoamine oxidase (MAO; E.C 1.4.3.4) and catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.6) were evaluated in extracts of adrenergic and non-adrenergic mouse neuroblastoma cells and in rat glioma cells. Using the naturally-occurring substrates tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, the affinity of MAO for a given substrate was independent of the presence of the catecholaminergic pathway or cell type used, with apparent Km values ranging from 8–14 μM for tryptamine to 510–580 μM for norepinephrine. The MAO activity in glioma cells was substantially greater than in either neuroblastoma clone, but Vmax values varied little with substrate among cell lines. Both the neuronal and glial COMT had a similar Km for I-norepinephrine (200μM); the corresponding Vmax values were also similar among the different cell lines, but represented only 2–10% of the maximal MAO activity. Neuroblastoma and glioma cells, when grown from early logarithmic to stationary phase, showed no significant changes in specific activity of either MAO or COMT. Growth of cells for 3 days with 1 mM-N6,O2′ -dibutyryl adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate resulted in no marked change in either MAO or COMT activity. These results suggest that in neurons neither MAO nor COMT plays a major role in the type of transmitter inactivation that is analogous to that of acetylcholinesterase in cholinergic synapses. The occurrence of considerable MAO and acetylcholinesterase activities in glioma cells may indicate a role for these cells in neurotransmitter inactivation.
Surface and build-up region dosimetry for obliquely incident intensity modulated radiotherapy 6 MV x rays

This study investigates the surface dose and build-up region dosimetry for oblique IMRT beams. The dependence of surface and build-up region doses of 0° (perpendicular incidence) and 75° (oblique incidence) IMRT fields on field size was measured and compared with open field dosimetry. Measurements were performed using a parallel-plate chamber and KODAK EDR2 films in a polystyrene phantom for a 6 cm ×6 cm and a 12 cm ×12 cm , 6 MV photon beam at depths of 0 mm (surface) through d max . Data were normalized to the d max value of each field. Four intensity modulated delivery patterns were created and delivered using step-and-shoot IMRT: (1) six static 1 cm ×6 cm strips ( IMRT strip ), (2) 12 static 1 cm ×12 cm strips ( IMRT strip ), (3) intensity modulated beam patterns created by using the inverse planning optimization software ( IMRT opt ) for 6 cm ×6 cm , and (4) IMRT opt for 12 cm ×12 cm field sizes. The percent depth doses (PDDs) of 0°, 6 cm ×6 cm IMRT strip beam at the surface and 5 mm were lower by 8.8% and 1.6%, respectively, compared to the open field. The PDDs of 75°, 6 cm ×6 cm IMRT strip beam at the surface and 5 mm were lower by 6.7% and 2.4%, respectively, compared to the open field. This study showed that IMRT itself is not contributing to greater skin doses.
Mechanically interlocked mechanophores by living-radical polymerization from rotaxane initiators.

Two [2]rotaxane initiators for single-electron-transfer living-radical-polymerization were synthesized and used for the controlled polymerization of methyl acrylate. The mechanically interlocked polymers exhibited distinct responses to mechanical activation by ultrasound. Monitoring the fate of the rotaxanes’ charge transfer absorption bands provides evidence for preferential mechanical degradation of a midsection rotaxane unit as compared to a terminal rotaxane entity as a consequence of mechanical forces accumulating in the central region of the polymer chain.
Comparison of Presumptive Echocardiographic and Definitive Diagnoses of Cardiac Tumors in Dogs

Background Echocardiography is used for identification of cardiac tumors and presumptive diagnoses often are made based on the location of identified masses. Objectives To determine the accuracy of echocardiographically based presumptive diagnoses of cardiac tumors when compared with clinicopathologic or histopathologic definitive diagnoses. Animals A total of 24 client-owned dogs having a cardiac mass on echocardiogram that was subsequently definitively diagnosed by cytology or histopathology. Methods Retrospective study. A Cardiac Veterinary Database search of animals seen at the University of Tennessee John and Ann Tickle Small Animal Hospital from 2006 to 2012 identified 24 dogs that fit the inclusion criteria. Results The presumptive diagnosis of chemodectoma, ectopic thyroid carcinoma, or lymphoma in cases with heart base masses was correct in 7/9 cases. The presumptive diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma in cases with right atrial masses was correct in 4/8 cases. Seven cases had an open diagnosis because of the unusual presentation on echocardiogram (ECG); various neoplasms were diagnosed in these animals, but hemangiosarcoma, chemodectoma, ectopic thyroid carcinoma, and lymphoma accounted for 6 of them. Pericardial effusion was seen in 10/24 cases. ECG abnormalities were seen in 8/24 cases. Survival ranged from 150 days. Conclusions and Clinical Importance In this retrospective study, the presumptive diagnosis based on echocardiographic tumor location was only moderately accurate. Cardiac tumors that were considered unusual on echocardiogram were nonetheless frequently found to be the common cardiac tumor types seen in dogs.
Resonantly Enhanced Nonlinearity in Doped Fibers for Low-Power All-Optical Switching: A Review

Abstract This paper reviews the state of research in resonantly enhanced nonlinearities in fibers doped with an absorber, of interest for low-power all-optical switching. A mathematical model is first presented which shows that this type of nonlinearity can be up to nearly a billion times stronger than the intrinsic Kerr effect of silica. In principle, it can induce a phase modulation of π in the infrared in a subnanometer length of fiber with just a few milliwatts of pump power, with a response time in the nanosecond range. Much shorter response times (picosecond or less) are also possible at the expense of a concomitantly higher switching peak power, although the switching energy remains the same, in the 10-pJ range. The experimental investigations conducted so far with rare earths (Er 3+ , Nd 3+ , Yb 3+ , and Sm 3+ ), color centers (POHC), and transition metal ions (vanadium) are reviewed. They show that a wide range of performance is possible, from 50-μW switching power and 10-ms response (in Er 3+ grating) to 6-W switching peak power and a response under 25 ns (with POHC). With some of the dopants tested to date, it is readily possible to fabricate fiber switches only 1 cm in length, with a switching power of 15 mW and a 2- to 5-μs response time.
Single Crystal X- and Q-Band EPR Spectroscopy of a Binuclear Mn2(III,IV) Complex Relevant to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II

The anisotropic g and hyperfine tensors of the Mn di-micro-oxo complex, [Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2)(phen)(4)](PF(6))(3).CH(3)CN, were derived by single-crystal EPR measurements at X- and Q-band frequencies. This is the first simulation of EPR parameters from single-crystal EPR spectra for multinuclear Mn complexes, which are of importance in several metalloenzymes; one of them is the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II (PS II). Single-crystal [Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2)(phen)(4)](PF(6))(3).CH(3)CN EPR spectra showed distinct resolved (55)Mn hyperfine lines in all crystal orientations, unlike single-crystal EPR spectra of other Mn(2)(III,IV) di-micro-oxo bridged complexes. We measured the EPR spectra in the crystal ab- and bc-planes, and from these spectra we obtained the EPR spectra of the complex along the unique a-, b-, and c-axes of the crystal. The crystal orientation was determined by X-ray diffraction and single-crystal EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) measurements. In this complex, the three crystallographic axes, a, b, and c, are parallel or nearly parallel to the principal molecular axes of Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2)(phen)(4) as shown in the crystallographic data by Stebler et al. (Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4743). This direct relation together with the resolved hyperfine lines significantly simplified the simulation of single-crystal spectra in the three principal directions due to the reduction of free parameters and, thus, allowed us to define the magnetic g and A tensors of the molecule with a high degree of reliability. These parameters were subsequently used to generate the solution EPR spectra at both X- and Q-bands with excellent agreement. The anisotropic g and hyperfine tensors determined by the simulation of the X- and Q-band single-crystal and solution EPR spectra are as follows: g(x) = 1.9887, g(y) = 1.9957, g(z) = 1.9775, and hyperfine coupling constants are A(III)(x) = |171| G, A(III)(y) = |176| G, A(III)(z) = |129| G, A(IV)(x) = |77| G, A(IV)(y) = |74| G, A(IV)(z) = |80| G.
Characterization of the mycobacterial AdnAB DNA motor provides insights into the evolution of bacterial motor-nuclease machines.

Mycobacterial AdnAB exemplifies a family of heterodimeric motor-nucleases involved in processing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). The AdnA and AdnB subunits are each composed of an N-terminal UvrD-like motor domain and a C-terminal RecB-like nuclease module. Here we conducted a biochemical characterization of the AdnAB motor, using a nuclease-inactivated heterodimer. AdnAB is a vigorous single strand DNA (ssDNA)-dependent ATPase (kcat 415 s−1), and the affinity of the motor for the ssDNA cofactor increases 140-fold as DNA length is extended from 12 to 44 nucleotides. Using a streptavidin displacement assay, we demonstrate that AdnAB is a 3′ → 5′ translocase on ssDNA. AdnAB binds stably to DSB ends. In the presence of ATP, the motor unwinds the DNA duplex without requiring an ssDNA loading strand. We integrate these findings into a model of DSB unwinding in which the “leading” AdnB and “lagging” AdnA motor domains track in tandem, 3′ to 5′, along the same DNA single strand. This contrasts with RecBCD, in which the RecB and RecD motors track in parallel along the two separated DNA single strands. The effects of 5′ and 3′ terminal obstacles on ssDNA cleavage by wild-type AdnAB suggest that the AdnA nuclease receives and processes the displaced 5′ strand, while the AdnB nuclease cleaves the displaced 3′ strand. We present evidence that the distinctive “molecular ruler” function of the ATP-dependent single strand DNase, whereby AdnAB measures the distance from the 5′-end to the sites of incision, reflects directional pumping of the ssDNA through the AdnAB motor into the AdnB nuclease. These and other findings suggest a scenario for the descent of the RecBCD- and AddAB-type DSB-processing machines from an ancestral AdnAB-like enzyme.
On the Cs,Te fission product-induced attack and embrittlement of stainless steel cladding in oxide fuel pins

Abstract Since Cs and Te fission products are both implicated as causative agents in FCCI (fission product-assisted inner surface attack of stainless steel cladding) and in FPLME (fission product-assisted liquid metal embrittlement of AISI-Type 316), attempts are made to rationalize the observed out-of-pile Cs: Te dependences of FCCI and FPLME incidence and severity, and their particular Cs, Te synergisms, in terms of Cs-Te thermochemistry and phase equilibria. Successful rationalization in the case of FPLME is taken to point up the critical importance of Te activity and Cs-Te physical state in the FPLME mechanism. A similar conclusion is reached for CCCT, the nonoxidative mode of FCCI, however oxidative modes of FCCI are concluded to rely more on the physical or catalytic properties of Cs-Te mixtures than on specific thermodynamic properties such as Te or Cs activities. The possibility of synergistic coupling between oxidative FCCI and FPLME in irradiated fuel pins is also examined, and it is concluded that although the available evidence does not support such coupling under monotonie loading, it is suggested — as intergranular notch-sensitivity in FPLME — under cyclic loading conditions.
Significant system parameters influencing HAZ properties in 9%Ni steel

AbstractThe relative influence of welding system parameters on the properties of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in 9%Ni steel has been investigated via a fractional factorial experiment. The HAZ properties evaluated were the dimensions in two locations, the hardness, and the impact strength. The independent variables were bevel preparation method, welding process, heat input, plate thickness, joint design, and position of the weldment. The study indicated that heat input, bevel preparation method, and an aliased interaction between the bevel preparation method and the joint design must be controlled to minimise the extent of the HAZ at the plate surface. The width of the HAZ measured at plate mid-thickness is a function of plate thickness, heat input, and two aliased interactions: between welding process and joint design; and that determined for the surface HAZ (interaction between joint design and bevel preparation method). Hardness was significantly affected by thickness, welding process, position, and he...
The regime-switching risk premium in the gold futures market

A bivariate Markov-switching model identifies two regimes in the futures-price and risk-premium models. The persistent underlying states have very different implications for spot and risk-premium forecasts. In the “low” state, a positive bias predicts spot price appreciation. The “high” state is associated with lower spot appreciation and higher risk premiums. The regime-switching framework provides a new perspective on the intertemporal role of gold as a hedge or safe-haven asset. The gold spot-price appreciation regime is shown to be correlated with higher inflation rates and the complement regime is associated with high market returns and stock market risk premia. Since the state-space methodology procedure can be employed using only past data, forecasts of the persistent unobserved underlying state of the gold price appreciation regime will be augmented as more data becomes available.
The self-psychological significance of trivia.

One of the most important elements of any psychoanalytic inquiry occurs when the analyst turns inward and begins to reflect on his own reactions to a given behavior. While the importance of this self-reflective tendency has generally been acknowledged in therapeutic work with individuals-no one doubts the value of the analysis of countertransference, for example-and in theory construction-Freud's masterwork on dream interpretation remains the model-it has received much less explicit attention in psychoanalytic approaches to cultural phenomena. One rarely finds much discussion devoted directly to the relationship between an analyst's personal reflections and his later theory on the psychological significance of some particular cultural practice. This is regrettable, I think, for it is the psychoanalyst's ability to use himself as a methodological tool that lends a certain depth and richness to his understanding and helps to differentiate it from other social science perspectives. What I hope to do in this brief note then is illustrate the link between theory construction and personal reflection through the analysis of a current cultural practice-more specifically, a cultural fad- namely, our interest in trivia. This note will also illustrate the usefulness of viewing a cultural fad as a symptom, a reflection, and an expression of, as well as a defensive/reparative effort to control and mitigate, the needs and anxieties characteristic of the members of a curture at a given period in their history (cf. [3eisel, 1985).
Meteorological Instrumentation System on the T-28 Thunderstorm Research Aircraft

Abstract A T-28 aircraft was specially modified to permit gathering in situ cloud physics and dynamics data from the interior regions of hailstorms. Since its first use in 1969, the T-28 instrumentation and data acquisition system has undergone evolutionary changes as newer instruments and more sophisticated electronic products have become available. A unique complement of instruments that measure and record hydrometeor sizes and concentrations has been assembled to provide observations of particle size spectra over the full range from cloud droplets to hailstones. The instrumentation and the data recording system are described in this paper, and planned future enhancements that will entail greater use of on-board computers are discussed.
THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF RED CELLS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PARACRYSTALLINE RAT RED CELL

The specific heat of the rat red cell, kept in cold sodium citrate, changes in the neighborhood of 6°C., the temperature near which the cell passes from its paracrystalline state to a state of greater disorder. The change in the specific heat is from 0.74 with a standard deviation of ±0.022 (paracrystalline state) to 0.87 with a standard deviation of ±0.021 (normal state). Although it has been looked for, no evidence of a change in specific heat has been found, between 1°C. and 15°C., in the case of the human red cell or of the fresh rat red cell in saline or plasma.
Feminist evaluation in the international development context

This chapter reviews U.S. and other Western researchers' treatment of issues affecting women in evaluations of the impacts of international development assistance. In most cases, the evaluations do not adopt a specifically feminist approach but rather a women-in-development (WID) or, more recently, a gender approach. The authors discuss the extent to which these approaches address feminist research concerns and how a more explicitly feminist approach could strengthen the evaluation design.
Age-related changes in power spectra of efferent phrenic activity in the piglet.

Power spectral analysis of phrenic nerve discharge in neonatal swine revealed the presence of both high-frequency oscillations (HFO) (95–150 Hz) and medium-frequency oscillations (MFO) (15–35 Hz). The HFO was shown to be age-related; the MFO was not. The data indicated that at least one manifestation of maturation of the respiratory rhythm generator is the increase with age of the frequency of the HFO.
Uncertainty Analysis for Seismic Hazard in the Southern Illinois Basin

We investigate the uncertainty of estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA), 0.2 s spectral acceleration (Sa), and 1.0 s Sa to different input variables for the southern Illinois basin (SIB) using the model and computer codes of the 1996 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard maps of Frankel et al. (1997b). The uncertainties associated with incomplete knowledge are assessed using a Monte Carlo approach to sample a logic tree. The logic tree is made of input-variable branch points representing alternative values for each parameter. This study is the first whole-map uncertainty analysis for the smoothed-seismicity method on which much of the central and eastern U.S. National Seismic Hazard maps are based. The uniqueness of the approach used is the assessment of individual branch-point sensitivity on the uncertainty in the seismic hazard calculations, in addition to overall uncertainty. The mean 2%-probability-of-exceedence-in-50-year PGA, 0.2 s Sa, and 1.0 s Sa hazard maps from the logic tree are similar to the corresponding maps of Frankel et al. (1997b). Overall, the coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by the mean for each grid point) in these maps varies between 0.2 and 0.7. The most sensitive branch point of the SIB logic tree is for the lower-magnitude limit of the catalog used in calculating seismic hazard. It is followed closely in importance by the branch points representing uncertainty in activity rate and the choice of ground-motion attenuation relation. Results suggest that the greatest reduction in uncertainty in seismic hazard calculations for the SIB could be achieved by continued research in the areas of (1) eastern U.S. earthquake monitoring (to extend the short instrumental catalog of earthquakes), (2) studies leading to paleoseismic information (to extend the historical catalog for large events), and (3) strong ground-motion studies.
Searching for Good Policies

Policymaking is hard. Policymakers typically have imperfect information about which policies produce which outcomes, and they are left with little choice but to fumble their way through the policy space via a trial-and-error process. This raises a question at the heart of democracy: Do democratic systems identify good policies? To answer this question I introduce a novel model of policymaking in complex environments. I show that good policies are often but not always found and I identify the possibility of policymaking getting stuck at outcomes that are arbitrarily bad. Notably, policy stickiness occurs in the model even in the absence of institutional constraints. This raises the question of how institutions and the political environment impact experimentation and learning. I show how a simple political friction—uncertainty over voter preferences—interacts with political competition and policy uncertainty in a subtle way that, surprisingly, improves the quality of policymaking over time.
Christ as Culture 3: Christ as Drama

: Personal identity cannot exist without narrative coherence – without, that is to say, drama. Two sets of narratives make up the identity of Christ: a narrative of a human being among other human beings; and a narrative of the Son with the Father and the Spirit. The doctrine of the Trinity insists that these narratives are the same. A culture is necessarily dramatic: a story of persons and their relationships. Thus Christ may be understood as drama and as culture. This identification has implications for the liturgy of the church.
Robust meta-analysis of gene expression using the elastic net

Meta-analysis of gene expression has enabled numerous insights into biological systems, but current methods have several limitations. We developed a method to perform a meta-analysis using the elastic net, a powerful and versatile approach for classification and regression. To demonstrate the utility of our method, we conducted a meta-analysis of lung cancer gene expression based on publicly available data. Using 629 samples from five data sets, we trained a multinomial classifier to distinguish between four lung cancer subtypes. Our meta-analysis-derived classifier included 58 genes and achieved 91% accuracy on leave-one-study-out cross-validation and on three independent data sets. Our method makes meta-analysis of gene expression more systematic and expands the range of questions that a meta-analysis can be used to address. As the amount of publicly available gene expression data continues to grow, our method will be an effective tool to help distill these data into knowledge.
Possibility of cold fusion in palladium deuterides: Screening effects and connection to superconducting properties

The conditions for the fusion d-d reaction in Pd are discussed, taking into account the ion-core repulsion. It is shown that the lattice expansion of Pd after introduction of deuterium atoms result...
Informal conflict intervention: Advice and dissent

A disparity appears to exist between how managers are advised to handle conflict and the intervention methods that they utilize in actual practice. Normative advice tends to agree that managers should adopt a facilitative, mediatorlike role (e.g., Walton, 1987; Tjosvold, 1990), while the empirical research suggests that managers are much more controlling, often deciding how to resolve the problem on their own (e.g., Kolb, 1986; Sheppard, 1983). The present study focuses on two potential reasons as to why managers utilize the methods they do: (1) They treat choices instrumentally to achieve key goals and (2) they interpret or frame conflicts in a form that suggests directive action. One hundred and eighty managers were interviewed about a recent effort to intervene in a dispute at work. The results confirm that managers are very controlling when intervening in disputes and relates this to both interpretive frame and, to a lesser extent, managerial goals. A canonical analysis appears to emphasize the pivotal role that frame plays in influencing whether or not managers choose the solution. Implications of these results for managerial action are discussed.
Comics publishers in decline: A tale of two companies

(1998). Comics publishers in decline: A tale of two companies. Serials Review: Vol. 24, No. 3-4, pp. 94-106.
Further Validation of Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 Scores Based on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters

Abstract Objective To examine the association between Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) scores and spatiotemporal parameters of gait as indicators of gait quality among ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University research laboratory. Participants Community-residing persons with MS (N=268). Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Main outcome measures included the MSWS-12 and spatial and temporal gait parameters (walking speed, cadence, step length, step time, base of support [ie, the distance between 1 footfall and the line of progression of the opposing foot], and percentage of gait cycle spent in double support). Secondary outcomes included the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), 6-minute walk (6MW), and Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale. Results MSWS-12 scores were significantly correlated with walking speed ( r =–.59), cadence ( r =–.50), step length ( r =–.53), step time ( r =.46), base of support ( r =.29), and percentage of the gait cycle spent in double support ( r =.54). MSWS-12 scores further were significantly correlated with T25FW ( r =.57) and 6MW ( r =–.75) scores. Conclusions Such findings suggest that the MSWS-12 captures aspects of walking quality, assessed as spatiotemporal parameters of gait, in addition to walking speed and endurance in persons with MS.
Transcriptional Changes in CD8+ T Cells During Antiretroviral Therapy Intensified With Raltegravir

Background. Intensification of antiretroviral therapy with raltegravir does not affect levels of residual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 viremia, but it has led to increased levels of episomal HIV-1 DNA in some patients, suggesting antiviral activity against otherwise unresponsive components of the viral reservoir. Effects of raltegravir on host cells remain less well understood. Methods. We used comprehensive and unbiased microarray-based transcriptional profiling to analyze gene expression changes in CD8(+) T cells from participants in a randomized clinical trial (AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] A5244) comparing raltegravir-intensified to nonintensified antiretroviral therapy. Results. Although raltegravir intensification failed to induce statistically significant changes in HIV-1 DNA or residual plasma viremia, we observed significant increases in the expression intensity of 121 host gene transcripts. In functional annotations of these transcripts, we found that they were mainly involved in glucose and carbohydrate metabolism, immune regulation, control of cell proliferation, and tumor suppression. Two of the raltegravir-responsive gene transcripts were statistically correlated with levels of residual HIV-1 RNA, but none of the remaining 119 transcripts were associated with immunologic or virologic characteristics of the study patients. Conclusions. Together, these findings demonstrate that raltegravir intensification can induce previously unrecognized, statistically significant gene expression changes in host CD8(+) T lymphocytes.
Threshold Read Method for Multi-bit Memristive Crossbar Memory

Memristors have raised great interest in various logic and non-volatile memory applications. They are especially a good candidate for crossbar memory applications for their capability of being integrated in high densities and low switching power consumptions. In this paper we propose a novel read/write circuitry for memristive crossbar memories that enables reliable multilevel data storage in single cell while eliminating the use of reference resistors thus reducing the number of comparisons required. The proposed method can be used independent of the nonlinear characteristics of the memristive device and it can also be utilized by memory cells incorporating a memristor and series diodes.
Performance comparison between orthogonal subspace projection and the constrained signal detector

The orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) algorithm, which is used to process mixed pixels in hyperspectral images, is discussed frequently in the remote sensing literature. A recent paper discussed ways to derive the OSP and the use of OSP as a target detector or for material abundance estimation. However, a technique called the constrained signal detector (CSD) outperforms the OSP technique. OSP is equivalent to the unconstrained least-squares estimate of the abundance of a particular material in a mixed pixel. CSD is equivalent to the constrained least-squares abundance estimate. It is shown through theory and simulation that the constrained method (CSD) outperforms the unconstrained technique (OSP) for the problems of target detection and material abundance estimation in mixed pixels.
The scientific roots of modern plant biotechnology.

One of the stellar achievements of twentieth century plant biology was the genetic transformation of somatic cells enabling the regeneration of whole plants that were stably transformed and capable of transmitting the inserted genetic material to subsequent generations. This achievement grew out of
Unlike Bone, Cartilage Regeneration Remains Elusive

Articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to successfully be regenerated, but this proved incorrect. In contrast, bone (but also vasculature and cardiac tissues) has seen numerous successful reparative approaches, despite consisting of multiple cell and tissue types and, thus, possessing more complex design requirements. Here, we use bone-regeneration successes to highlight cartilage-regeneration challenges: such as selecting appropriate cell sources and scaffolds, creating biomechanically suitable tissues, and integrating to native tissue. We also discuss technologies that can address the hurdles of engineering a tissue possessing mechanical properties that are unmatched in human-made materials and functioning in environments unfavorable to neotissue growth.
A Refined 3-Dimensional QSAR of Cytochrome P450 2C9: Computational Predictions of Drug Interactions

A ligand-based model is reported that predicts the Ki values for cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) inhibitors. This CoMFA model was used to predict the affinity of 14 structurally diverse compounds not in the training set and appears to be robust. The mean error of the predictions is 6 microM. The experimentally measured Ki values of the 14 compounds range from 0.1 to 48 microM. Leave-one-out cross-validated partial least-squares gives a q2 value of between 0.6 and 0.8 for the various models which indicates internal consistency. Random assignment of biological data to structure leads to negative q2 values. These models are useful in that they establish a pharmacophore for binding to CYP2C9 that can be tested with site-directed mutagenesis. These models can also be used to screen for potential drug interactions and to design compounds that will not bind to this enzyme with high affinity.
Growth in a restricted solid on solid model with correlated noise

We introduce correlated growth into a restricted solid on solid model (RSOS), a stochastic deposition model with a constraint on neighboring height differences. A two-dimensional lattice model is used in which particles are deposited via horizontal Levy flight steps with a step length distribution exponentf. Though RSOS is in the same universality class as ballistic deposition for uncorrelated deposition, it appears to depart from it for strong correlations. Forf=1, the short-range limit is reached and both exponentsβ andχ, which describe the dependence of surface width on time and strip length, tend to 1. Forf>1 we retreat to an enhanced algorithm, searching for growth sites which become excessively rare. We find an unusual short-time dependence, butχ still tends to 1. The number of growth sitesG shows saturation forf<1, while forf⩾1 we observeG/L→0 as the strip lengthL increases. Finally, we test directly the relationship of noise-noise correlation strength tof, and find that a direct comparison between correlated growth models and theoretical predictions for growth with correlated noise is so far unjustified.
Ergodic properties of equilibrium states

Possible ergodic properties of Gibbs states are discussed by constructing a number of examples. In particular existence of Gibbs states which are mixing but not extremal is shown.
Chromosomal aberrations induced by an animal virus.

This article describes the effects of herpes simplex virus on the cytology of chromosomes in a line of Chinese hamster cells in tissue culture. The cell line used MCH appeared spontaneously in a bottle seeded with a normal 23-chromosome line of Chinese hamster cells. No cellular proliferation had been evident for 8 days after seeding and the culture was trypsinized and passaged to several T-flasks since healthy cells appeared to be present. Slow proliferation of the passaged cells was noticed during several days and the cells have been maintained for 30 passages. In comparison with chromosomes of normal Chinese hamster cells the unique characteristic of the MCH line is the presence of a marker chromosome not previously seen and which is found in all cells regardless of chromosome number. This study confirms previous demonstrations that normal Chinese hamster cells are not susceptible to infection by herpes simplex virus. When the MCH line is inoculated with this agent no cytopathic effect is observed nor do characteristic intranuclear inclusions develop but chromosomal aberrations are seen during the 1st cell division following infection.
A low cost SMT integrated frequency doubler and power amplifier for 30 GHz DBS uplink applications

A SMT (surface mount technology) MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) frequency multiplier (/spl times/2) and power amplifier has been designed for DBS (direct broadcast satellite) and other commercial applications. Using PHEMT technology this MMIC takes a 15GHz input signal and passes it through a harmonic frequency doubler and then through three stages of power amplification at 30GHz. This MMIC provides an output power of 21dBm, fundamental suppression of 45dBc and is stable across all voltages and temperatures. This single MMIC SMT solution frequency multiplier and power amplifier is unique compared to any known or published data.
Metabolism of selenomethionine in selenium accumulator and non-accumulator astragalus species

Abstract The metabolism of selenomethionine in Astragalus crotalariae (a selenium-accumulating species) differs from that in Astragalus lentiginosus (a non-accumulator). After the administration of [75Se]selenomethionine and [Me-14C]selenomethionine to excised leaves of A. crotalariae, Se-methylselenomethionine, Se-methylselenocysteine, and selenohomocystine were identified as the soluble components. A. lentiginosus formed mainly Se-methylselenomethionine, and a seleno peptide all of whose constituent amino acids have not been identified. When [35S]methionine was administered to A. crotalariae a small amount was converted to S-methylmethionine but most was recovered as methionine. Homocrystine and S-methylcysteine were not formed in detectable amounts.
Screening of a Babesia bigemina cDNA Library with Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Surface Antigens

A Babesia bigemina cDNA library prepared in lambda ZAP bacteriophage vector was immunoscreened to detect clones expressing surface-exposed epitopes of B. bigemina. A nonradioactive indirect plaque-lift immunoassay was used to detect the positive clones. The primary antibody consisted of a pooled sample of six monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for B. bigemina that recognizes various parasite surface antigens of different molecular mass. Screening of approximately 300,000 plaque-forming units from the lambda ZAP cDNA expression library resulted in the identification of five positive clones. The five recombinant clones were immunoscreened individually with each of the six mAb. All five independently obtained clones consisted of lambda ZAP recombinants expressing B. bigemina components recognized by mAb C2F3G3 and B1B3C4. Restriction enzyme digests of rescued recombinant phagemids showed that only four clones contained B. bigemina cDNA. One clone (lambda ZAP Bbi1) contained an insert of approximately 0.6 kBp whereas the other three clones (lambda ZAP Bbi2, lambda ZAP Bbi3, and lambda ZAP Bbi5) carried a cDNA insert of approximately 1.7 kBp. Immunoblotting of protein extracts from recombinants lambda ZAP Bbi2, lambda ZAP Bbi3, and lambda ZAP Bbi5 with mAb C2F3G3 and B1B3C4 demonstrated the expression of a recombinant B. bigemina polypeptide of 55 kDa in E. coli.
Deep tissue imaging by enhanced photon collection

We have developed a two-photon fluorescence microscope capable of imaging up to 4mm in turbid media with micron resolution. The key feature of this instrument is the innovative detector, capable of collecting emission photons from a wider surface area of the sample than detectors in traditional two-photon microscopes. This detection scheme is extremely efficient in the collection of emitted photons scattered by turbid media which allows eight fold increase in the imaging depth when compared with conventional two-photon microscopes. Furthermore, this system also has in-depth fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) imaging capability which increases image contrast. The detection scheme captures emission light in a transmission configuration, making it extremely efficient for the detection of second harmonic generation (SHG) signals, which is generally forward propagating. Here we present imaging experiments of tissue phantoms and in vivo and ex vivo biological tissue performed with this microscope.
Probing magnetic-field morphology in protostellar envelopes with the CARMA 1.3mm dual-polarization receiver system

We present a summary of λ 1.3 mm CARMA observations of dust polarization toward 30 star-forming cores from the TADPOL survey. TADPOL is the largest survey of low-mass star-forming cores to date, and was the first major project to be undertaken with the 1.3 mm full-Stokes polarization system at CARMA. Here we show maps from a selection of sources, and we compare the ∼ 2.5″ resolution TADPOL maps with ∼ 20″ resolution polarization maps from single-dish submillimeter telescopes. We discuss two main findings: (1) A subset of the sources have consistent magnetic field (B-field) orientations between large (∼ 20″) and small (∼ 2.5″) scales. Those same sources also tend to have higher fractional polarizations than the sources with inconsistent large-to-small-scale fields. We interpret this to mean that in at least some cases B-fields play a role in regulating the infall of material all the way down to the ∼ 1000 AU scales of protostellar envelopes. (2) Outflows appear to be randomly aligned with B-fields; although, in sources with low polarization fractions, there is a hint that outflows are preferentially perpendicular to small-scale B-fields, which suggests that in these sources the fields have been wrapped up by envelope rotation.
South Florida Water Management District ambient pesticide monitoring network: 1992 to 2007

The South Florida Water Management District has collected surface water and sediment samples for analysis of over 80 pesticides since 1992. Residues of atrazine and DDE-p,p(') are nearly ubiquitous throughout the sampling area. Surface water concentrations of atrazine at nine of 14 selected monitoring locations exhibited a downward trend and none of the detected concentrations exceeded established levels of concern. Seventy-five percent of the sampled locations had average sediment residues of DDE-p,p(') at levels that may impact sediment-dwelling organisms. Monitoring locations with the highest average DDE-p,p(') concentrations (based on detected values) and the highest percentage of pesticide detections did not exhibit consistent trends. Some locations exhibited increasing trends while trends at other locations showed a decrease in concentrations. Additionally, specific location concentrations for ethion, diazinon, and endosulfan documented periods of surface water quality exceedances. However, product label changes and grower education have substantially contributed to the reduced number of exceedances over time.
Retroactive facilitative effects of ECS on learning an avoidance response in a two-choice situation

Rats learned to avoid a place where they received grid shock to their feet when the grid shock was followed 10 sec. later by electroconvulsive shock. The avoidance learning was significantly greater than for rats that received only grid shock or only electroconvulsive shock.