cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of canine secretory alloantigens A and Y with two fucolipids isolated from dog intestines.

Previous studies have shown the presence in dogs of a polymorphic immunogenetic system which was defined as the canine secretory alloantigen alloantibody system (CSA) (1). This system involves the presence of alloantigens in most secretions and of the corresponding naturally occurring alloantibodies (2, 3). As in the human ABO system there is a mutually exclusive relationship between the presence of the antigen(s) and the corresponding antibodies. Three antigens have been detected so far: CSA A, which is cross reactive with human blood group A antigen (4), CSA X, and CSA Y (3). Concurrently, biochemical studies performed on dog individual small intestines have led to the isolation of fucose containing glycolipids with A, H-like, and Leb-like activity (5-7). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between CSA alloantigens and the glycolipid fractions isolated from dog small intestines. Materials and Methods. The isolation of the fucolipid fractions was performed on individual small intestine mucosa from six dogs selected for their different CSA types: dog 8(A), 15(X), 18(Y), 2(AX), 10(AY), and 3(XY). CSA typing was done with the immunofluorescence (IF) indirect technique on small intestine frozen sections using natural anti-CSA monospecific alloantisera as previously reported (1, 3). For shipment convenience the mucosa was transformed into dry acetone powder. The glycolipid fractions were prepared by a method described previously (5, 8, 9). The method involves extraction of fresh tissue with alcohol/ether 3: 1 (modified to alcoho1:ether:water 3:1:0.24 for use with acetone powder) and purification of the extracted lipids in chloroform solution with aqueous MgC12. The lipids were then fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography, solvent partition, Florisil column chromatography, dialysis, and finally thin layer chromatography (TLC) using system B (5). This system gives three groups of glycolipids (S), the fucolipids being the slowest migrating compounds. The fucolipids were eluted from the gel, taken to volume and the total sugar content determined by anthrone. An aliquot of the preparation was dried and taken up in saline for immunologic study in a concentration of about 1 mg/ml (using an approximation: 4 pmoles anthrone “galactose” equal 1 mg fucolipid). The fraction from dog 10 (type AY) was additionally made up in a concentration of 2 mg/ml. Another portion of the preparation was examined in TLC with three solvent systems: A, B, and D (5).
A new technique for producing large-area as-deposited zero-stress LPCVD polysilicon films: the MultiPoly process

Polysilicon films deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) exhibit tensile or compressive residual stresses, depending on the deposition temperature. Polysilicon films composed of alternating tensile and compressive layers can display any overall stress value between those of the individual layers, including a state of zero overall residual stress, depending on the relative thickness of each layer. The residual stress gradient can be similarly controlled by the layer thicknesses and distribution. This has been demonstrated with a ten-layer near-zero stress (<10 MPa), near-zero stress gradient (/spl les/0.2 MPa//spl mu/m) polysilicon film, containing flat cantilever beams whose length-thickness ratios exceed 150. Using multilayer deposition to control the stresses and stress gradients of polysilicon films is termed the MultiPoly process.
Quantum efficiency and linearity of 16 phosphors in the soft-x-ray regime

Phosphors have been used for decades in the conversion of soft x rays into visible photons for detection by solid-state devices or photomultipliers. However there have been few studies of the quantum efficiency or structure of phosphors in the soft-x-ray region. Here we present measurements of the quantum efficiency and flux linearity and discuss surface recombination-induced structure in 16 phosphors.
The influence of earthquakes on the Chandler wobble during 1977–1983

Variations in the Chandler wobble's excitation function are examined in order to study the effect of 1287 earthquakes on the Chandler wobble. The computation of the moment tensor data using the centroid-moment tensor solution technique is described. An excitation function is calculated from the moment tensor data and compared to an observed excitation function derived from the polar motion observations of Gross and Chao (1985). It is observed, based on the power spectrum of the earthquake excitation function, that the earthquakes' static deformation fields have little influence on the Chandler wobble during 1977-1983.
Regulation of tissue-specific carboxylesterase expression by pregnane x receptor and constitutive androstane receptor.

The liver- and intestine-enriched carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of several clinically important anticancer agents administered as prodrugs. For example, irinotecan, a carbamate prodrug used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, is biotransformed in vivo by CES2 in intestine and liver, thereby producing a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), two members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, mediate gene activation in response to xenobiotic stress. Together, these receptors comprise a protective response in mammals that coordinately regulate hepatic transport, metabolism, and elimination of numerous xenobiotic compounds. In the present study, microarray analysis was used to identify PXR target genes in duodenum in mice. Here, we show that a gene encoding a member of the CES2 subtype of liver- and intestine-enriched CES enzymes, called Ces6, is induced after treatment with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile in a PXR-dependent manner in duodenum and liver in mice. Treatment of mice with the CAR activator 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene also induced expression of Ces6 in duodenum and liver in a CAR-dependent manner, whereas treatment with phenobarbital produced induction of Ces6 exclusively in liver. These data identify a key role for PXR and CAR in regulating the drug-inducible expression and activity of an important CES enzyme in vivo. Future studies should focus on determining whether these signaling pathways governing drug-inducible CES expression in intestine and liver are conserved in humans.
Low signal-to-noise ratio radar target detection using Linear Support Vector Machines (L-SVM)

This paper examines target detection using a Linear Support Vector Machine (L-SVM). Traditional radars typically use a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processor to adaptively adjust the detection threshold based on the fast-time return signal. The SVM formulation uses the same block-diagram structure as the CFAR approach; however, data from the leading and lagging windows is directly used to classify each cell under test. The L-SVM method is compared to a Cell-Averaging CFAR (CA-CFAR) on simulated radar return signals with and without Swerling I targets. The results show that the L-SVM is able to detect very small SNR signals, while the CA-CFAR is unable to detect these signals below -10 dB SNR. In addition, the probability of detection and probability of false alarm for the L-SVM degrade much more gracefully than for the CA-CFAR detector for low-SNR targets.
Abstract 3133: Impact of Post-stroke Isolation on Stroke Outcome

Background: Psychosocial factors are increasingly accepted as critical factors in post-stroke recovery, mortality and morbidity. Although, emerging data from clinical and population based studies support the role of social support in improved functional recovery and reducing the risk of mortality, to date no experimental studies have investigated such effects in post-stroke animal models. The aim of this study is to investigate for the impact of post stroke housing and the effects of long-term social isolation and pair housing with either a healthy or a stroked partner, and explored for the mechanisms. Methods: Male mice (20-25g; C57BL/6N, Charles River Labs), all initially pair housed, were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO - 60min) and then randomly assigned to a specific housing condition - isolated, paired with a stroke partner or paired with a healthy partner. Infarct size was quantified with TTC 72h after stroke (n=8/grp). We then investigated the effects of housing on long-term functional recovery using corner test, cylinder test, forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). We further explored the mechanisms underlying the improved behavioral recovery by injecting BrDU 150mg/kg/day i.p. for 5 days starting from day 3 post-stroke (n=8/grp), and assessing changes in BDNF levels by western-blot analysis (n=4/grp). Data were expressed as mean±sem. Two-way ANOVA was performed and P value Results: Post-stroke housing conditions can significantly impact infarct size; we observed that mice isolated after stroke had increased infarct volume compared to pair housed mice in all three brain regions (Cortex: 63.2±2.5 vs 40.0±6.2; p 0.05), animals pair housed with healthy partner showed a significantly improved functional recovery by as early as day 15 in the cylinder and corner tests (p Conclusions: Post-stroke housing has an important impact on stroke outcome; isolation has a detrimental effect on infarct size compared to pair housed cohorts. Interestingly, independent of infarct size, housing with a healthy partner hastened recovery compared to those stroke mice housed with partner that had also been subjected to stroke. Molecular analysis indicates the involvement of BDNF and neurogenesis may be important regulators of post-stroke housing induced functional recovery.
A Place Of Their Own? Women Organizers In The Maquilas Of Nicaragua And Mexico

This article compares women workers' movements in Nicaragua and Northern Mexico that have mobilized in opposition to the abuses occurring within export-processing zones (EPZs). We examine the opportunities and obstacles that such movements have faced as they seek social change via national and transnational coalitions. Our focus on gender tensions within transnational labor movements illustrates how power relations fracture the space of transnational civil society and constrain opposition to neoliberalism. Women's labor movements in both contexts confront highly gendered national and transnational political spaces, stemming in part from the hegemonic association of women with private space and men with public space. Significant differences in the opportunities for resistance emerging from local and national dynamics in Nicaragua and Mexico demonstrate that the realm of the so-called global cannot be understood as abstracted from historically situated localities.
Rube Goldberg salad system: Teaching systems theory in communication

Courses: Undergraduate Organizational Communication, Communication Theory, and Small Group Communication courses.Objectives: This single-class activity aims to engage students actively in explaining and applying systems components, processes, and properties.
Female Circumcision as a Public Health Issue

In many civilizations, certain surgical procedures have profound cultural and social meanings. Male circumcision, for example, has deep importance as a symbol of religious and ethnic identity and has played a major part in the political and social history of many peoples1. Female circumcision has particularly strong cultural meaning because it is closely linked to women's sexuality and their reproductive role in society. Female circumcision is practiced today in 26 African countries, with prevalence rates ranging from 5 percent to 99 percent. It is rarely practiced in Asia. It is estimated that at least 100 million women are circumcised. . . .
Dual mesh reconstruction method with depth correction for near infrared diffusive light imaging with a priori ultrasound information

A dual-mesh reconstruction method with depth correction for NIR diffused wave imaging has been demonstrated using phantoms and clinical cancer cases. With the depth correction, more uniform absorption maps across different layers can be obtained.
Isoindigo, a Versatile Electron-Deficient Unit For High-Performance Organic Electronics

Isoindigo (iI) has proven successful as an electron-accepting building block for the preparation of electroactive materials for organic electronics. Its high yielding and scalable synthesis has enabled the rapid development of a large number of molecular and polymeric iI-based materials with remarkable physical properties. This perspective provides an overview of the fundamental properties of isoindigo and summarizes the progress in the development of new materials for varied electronic applications during the last 3 years, focusing in particular on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The fundamental electronic properties of isoindigo are discussed in the context of the substitution pattern effect (5,5′ vs 6,6′) on the frontier orbitals energies and optical properties. The development of molecular systems in the 6,6′-iI configuration for OPVs is examined with an emphasis on molecular design for improved electronic properties thanks to fine-tuning of the active layer ...
A five-coordinate heme dioxygen adduct isolated within a metal-organic framework.

The porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF) PCN-224 is metalated with Fe(II) to yield a 4-coordinate ferrous heme-containing compound. The heme center binds O2 at -78 °C to give a 5-coordinate heme-O2 complex. For the first time, this elusive species is structurally characterized, revealing an Fe(III) center coordinated to superoxide via an end-on, η(1) linkage. Mossbauer spectroscopy supports the structural observations and indicates the presence of a low-spin electronic configuration for Fe(III). Finally, variable-temperature O2 adsorption data enable quantification of the Fe-O2 interaction, providing a binding enthalpy of -34(4) kJ/mol. This value is nearly half of that observed for comparable 6-coordinate, imidazole-bound heme-O2 complexes, a difference that further illustrates the importance of axial ligands in biological heme-mediated O2 transport and storage. These results demonstrate the ability of a MOF, by virtue of its rigid solid-state structure, to enable isolation and thorough characterization of a species that can only be observed transiently in molecular form.
A Probe on the Exploration of Human Resources of Univeslties in the New Period

It is a key to the speedy construction and development of universities to efficiently explore the human resources of universities in the new period, The primary problems now in the exploration of human resources in universities are; comparative Jagging of ideas of the exploration of human resources; incomplete mechanism of exploration and management of human resources; lack of further research on the exploration of human resources, Thus, gome specific pieces of advice are offered on the reinforcement of the management work of human resources of univer-sities.
Octupole states in Cm 246 and Cm 248 populated by inelastic deuteron scattering

Vibrational states in $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$ and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ have been investigated by inelastic deuteron scattering. The ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={0}^{\ensuremath{-}}, {1}^{\ensuremath{-}}, \mathrm{and} {2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ octupole states are identified in $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$ at 1251, 1080, and 842 keV, respectively. In $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ several excited states above 1 MeV have been identified; however, definite assignments for these states, except a ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state at 1095 keV and a ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={2}^{+}$ state at 1050 keV, could not be made. Differences between the $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$ and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ level spectra are interpreted in terms of their microscopic components. Reduced transition probabilities $B(E3)$ are extracted for the observed ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ levels and are compared with theoretical values available in the literature.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{246,248}\mathrm{Cm}(d, {d}^{\ensuremath{'}})$,, ${E}_{d}=15$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}}, \ensuremath{\theta})$. $^{246,248}\mathrm{Cm}$ deduced levels, $J$, $K$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $B(E3)$. Enriched targets.
Periprosthetic Hip Fracture

Various common injuries in the pelvis and lower extremity are investigated in this chapter. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal nonoperative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
Optimal placement of solar reflectors at the lunar south pole

A recent NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts study suggests that several reflectors placed around the perimeter of Shackleton Crater may be capable of redirecting uninterrupted solar energy to a region within the crater year-round—effectively creating an energy oasis in the otherwise dark and cold extreme environment. This work further explores this concept by identifying sets of reflector placement locations around the perimeter of Shackleton Crater that maximize the amount of time in which at least one reflector in the set has access to sunlight. Using LRO LOLA data, a 3D model of Shackleton Crater and the surrounding terrain is created. Using a ray-tracing algorithm, synthetic imagery of this region is then generated using ephemeris data for the year 2020, from which an illumination model is generated. A placement optimization search algorithm is then developed, and results are shown for cases of 1, 2, and 3 reflectors over a search space focused on the western ridge of the crater. Results indicate that three reflectors strategically placed around the perimeter of the crater would be capable of providing energy to an area within the crater for at least 92.5% of the year if placed at surface level, or at least 96.8% if placed 100 meters above the surface.
Leveraging SDN and WebRTC for Rogue Access Point Security

Rogue access points (RAPs) are unauthorized devices connected to a network, providing unauthorized wireless access to one or more clients. Such devices pose significant risk to organizations, since they provide a convenient means for hackers and insiders to hide malicious or unsanctioned activities on industry, government, and campus networks. Yet, limitations inherent in traditional networks make detecting and removing such devices expensive, time consuming, and difficult to implement. For software-defined networks (SDNs), the risk of a network compromise due to RAPs is equally concerning, and methods for detecting RAPs within SDN architectures are needed. Hence, this paper leverages the capabilities of an SDN along with a trusted agent to detect and deny RAPs access to networks by using both generic and novel methods with minimal impact to performance. Three other contributions are included in this paper. They include: 1) utilizing an emerging Web architecture to detect hidden subnets; 2) developing the first, security-based, use case for Mininet-WiFi, a software-defined wireless network emulator; and 3) enhancing Ryuretic, a modular programming language for SDN application development.
The Relationship of Spirituality and Family Functioning to Recidivism: An Investigation with Incarcerated Adolescent Males

ABSTRACTFamily functioning has been strongly linked to adolescent problematic behavior, including delinquency and subsequent recidivism. Adolescent spirituality however, while demonstrating some evidence as a protective factor against some problematic outcomes, such as delinquent behavior, has not been explored to the same degree as other more well-established factors. There is little understanding, for example, as to whether spirituality may act as a protective factor for adolescent recidivism, particularly in the presence of other identified protective factors. This study sought to examine the relationship of adolescent spirituality and family functioning with recidivism in a sample of incarcerated adolescent males. A longitudinal design was employed to measure both spirituality and family functioning during and post discharge from a boot camp. Results support the likely importance of adolescent spirituality as a protective factor for recidivism.
The Kirchberg–Wassermann operator system is unique

In 1998, Kirchberg and Wassermann constructed a separable nuclear operator system with the property that the canonical unital ⁎-homomorphism from the maximal C*-algebra onto the C*-envelope is injective. We show that such an operator system is unique, and completely order isomorphic to the operator system associated with the noncommutative Poulsen simplex.
Nonsurgical management of human immunodeficiency virus-associated parotid cysts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this clinical review was to analyze the effectiveness of nonsurgical management options for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated parotid cysts. METHODS We conducted systematic and meta-analysis reviews. Primary outcomes were complete or partial responses. RESULTS Systematic review identified 12 relevant studies. The average rates of complete response for antiretroviral therapy (ART), sclerotherapy, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were 52.8%, 55.5%, and 33.3%, respectively. Three radiotherapy studies, totaling 104 patients, were included in a meta-analysis. Patients receiving high-dose therapy achieved complete and partial response rates of 65.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54.3%-76.2%) and 25.2% (95% CI 16.1%-36.3%), respectively. Patients receiving low-dose therapy achieved complete and partial response rates of 23.2% (95% CI 1.2%-60.9%) and 22.3% (95% CI 5.2%-87.8%), respectively. The rate of complete response was significantly greater for high-dose radiotherapy compared to low-dose (P < .001). CONCLUSION Among nonsurgical treatment modalities for HIV-associated parotid cysts, radiotherapy has the highest number of reported outcomes in the literature and our analysis suggests that higher dose radiotherapy has higher rates of achieving complete response.
“My Life Purpose Is…”: Assessment of Youth Purpose in Context

In the introduction to this special issue on youth purpose, the authors discuss the challenges in assessing purpose in adolescents; purpose is a concept that has more often been studied in adults b...
Approximation of Debuts

Consider a Markov process X whose state space is an arbitrary measurable space not endowed with any topology to begin with. Assume only that X has no branch points and that for each a-excessive function f, the process (f(Xt)) is a.s. right continuous. Let ee be the σ-field generated by the a-excessive functions. We show that for each A ∈ ee and each finite measure u on the state space, there is a decreasing sequence (Gn) of finely open, ee-measurable supersets of A such that \( {{\text{D}}_{{{\text{G}}_{\text{n}}}}} \uparrow {{\text{D}}_{\text{A}}} \) Pµ-a.s. We deduce this result from a similar one which applies also to suitable non-Markov processes.
Chapter 12 – Report Writing

Criminal and civil investigations involving the mobile forensic processing of evidence will, usually, always require a complete and thorough report. The mobile forensic methodology should consistently remain the same, even when examiners must use a variety of programs, tools, and equipment that may not initially be designed for forensic acquisitions. Following the format of reporting that involves who, what, when, where, and how will ensure that all aspects of the process are clearly articulated for anyone to understand. Key components of how contamination was prevented, what legal process was applied, where artifacts were located, who performed the processing, and what tools were used are examples of how these keywords would be used in the reporting process. The creation of an archive disk will allow for anyone to replicate your process. Lastly, and very importantly, what method of validation was used to confirm the finding must be included within the report?
Writers in Community Model: 15 Recommendations for Future Research in Using Writing to Promote Science Learning

Graham (A writer(s) within community model of writing. In Bazerman C, Berninger V, Brandt D, Graham S, Langer J, Murphy S, Matsuda P, Rowe D, Schleppegrell M (eds) The lifespan development of writing. National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, pp 271–335, 2018) developed a writer(s) in context model to explain writing and its development. The central component of the model is the writing community in which writing takes place. A writing community includes the following components: purpose, writing tools, members (writers, audience), actions, social and physical context, collective history, and the writing task(s). These features drive, shape, and constrain the act of writing within each writing community. The task of writing is further constrained by what members of the writing community bring to the task of writing, including varying levels of knowledges and beliefs, facility in managing and regulating the act of writing, and mastery of basic writing processes. This chapter examines the implications of this model in terms of promoting quality learning in school science through the use of writing as a means for promoting student science learning. This includes establishing an agenda of research in writing to learn in science based on the person in context model presented here.
Brain Imaging Genomics: Integrated Analysis and Machine Learning

Brain imaging genomics is an emerging data science field, where integrated analysis of brain imaging and genomics data, often combined with other biomarker, clinical, and environmental data, is performed to gain new insights into the phenotypic, genetic, and molecular characteristics of the brain as well as their impact on normal and disordered brain function and behavior. It has enormous potential to contribute significantly to biomedical discoveries in brain science. Given the increasingly important role of statistical and machine learning in biomedicine and rapidly growing literature in brain imaging genomics, we provide an up-to-date and comprehensive review of statistical and machine learning methods for brain imaging genomics, as well as a practical discussion on method selection for various biomedical applications.
Equal sacrifice taxation

Abstract We axiomatically characterize the family of equal sacrifice rules for the problem of fair taxation: every agent with positive post-tax income sacrifices the same amount of utility relative to his/her respective pre-tax income. In contrast to the result in Young (1988) , our family of rules allows for asymmetric and “constrained” versions of equal sacrifice. When we add the requirement that an agent's tax burden must not decrease when their income increases, then this is equivalent to assuming that every agent's utility function is concave. When we add the requirement that a tax rule be independent of scale, then this is equivalent to assuming that every agent has the same constant measure of relative risk aversion. In addition, as a special case of our family of rules, we derive a tighter result than Young (1988) by showing one of his axioms is unnecessary.
5 – Chemical Warfare Material

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some of the considerations peculiar to chemical weapons. CWM may be stored in glass containers, making location difficult. It is important to emphasize that the Army lacks experience in chemical ordnance removal operations. At the end of World War I, there were four million shells in the U.S. inventory. By 1994, 190 sites in 75 locations across 32 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands were suspected to contain buried CWM. Twenty-nine of these were FUDS sites, meaning that they were no longer owned or controlled by the military. Chemical material buried included mustard, Lewisite, nerve agents, blood agents, and choking agents. One unique problem involves the chemical agent identification sets (CAIS). These sets contain chemical agent samples in glass ampoules, which are very stable until broken. Chemical warfare agents are volatile in liquid form. Neurological changes, eye lesions, cancer, premature aging, loss of libido, pulmonary disease, decline in liver function, and bone marrow changes all can occur over time with low levels of CWM contamination. CWM low-level contamination can occur from soil vapor entering homes, CWM in drinking water, or CWM in the air. Low-level CWM and explosives contamination probably injure and kill more people in this country than traumatic injury from UXO.
Analysis on surveillance of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Wuming County of Guangxi from 2006 to 2010

Objective To understand the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Wuming county,and to provide the scientific evidence for establishing the control policy and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention.Methods From 2006 to 2010,fecal samples of the inhabitants of 3 years old and above were collected,the Kato-Katz's thick smears was used to detect the eggs of soil-transmitted nematode and cellophane tape was used to detect the eggs of pinworm for children aged between 3 and 12 years.Roundworm eggs in soil were tested by modified saturated sodium nitrate floatation method.The living abiliti of roundworm eggs was determined by light microscope.Results Totally 5 216 people were examined from 2006 to 2010,including 2700 males and 2472 females.The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematode were 4.09％,3.41％,1.44％,2.65％ and 1.14％ respectively,with a trend of decreasing each year.In terms of infection intensity,all of the infection was light.And the pinworm infection rates of children aged between 3 and 12 years were 27.69％,17.36％,25.86％,23.76％ and 18.97％ respectively during the five years.200 soil samples collected from different environments were examined,roundworm egg was found in 12 samples,and 2 were alive.Conclusion The epidemic of soil-transmitted nematode had already stepped into the low infection stage at surveillance sites.However,the pinworm infection rate in children maintained at a high level.Therefore,it is very important to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control measures in children. Key words: Nematode infection; Soil-transmitted nematode; Prevalence; Surveillance
Revisiting Markov Models of Intragenerational Social Mobility

We generalize stochastic models of occupational mobility introduced in sociology to develop computational models of social and economic mobility under socio-economic constraints. In spite of simplifying assumptions, these models capture many of the essential mechanisms underlying the phenomena under focus. We argue that a more mechanism-based approach driven by underlying social theory may augment the predominantly problem-solving centric approaches in computational social science.
Teaching High School Physics

Teaching High School Physics is centered on the principle that teachers need to be educated rather than trained and helps to form a substantive and substantiated foundation for a new way of teaching. Providing a mix of theory and practice, these books describe more than 40 important topics and encourage an inquiry-oriented approach to physics teaching. They include numerous examples and helpful resources.Interacting with Physics Students: Addresses practical techniques for supporting student learning in the day-to-day classroomDetails how to facilitate active engagement and cooperation in an equitable manner, manage learning difficulties and diferentiations, and other situations teachers face in the classroomPrepares teachers with a solid philosophical and practical foundation focusing on interactions with studentsTeaching High School Physics is suitable for teacher candidates, experienced in-service physics teachers, and educators seeking a detailed reference guide to the many subjects being addressed in today's teaching reform movements.
Impact of PV integrated rotating overhangs for US residential buildings

Abstract The energy benefits of integrating PV panels with dynamic overhangs are evaluated for US residential buildings. Various control strategies are investigated to operate the dynamic overhangs to minimize annual net energy demands to account for both building energy needs and PV electricity generation yields. The analysis results indicate that dynamic overhangs can reduce significantly the annual energy demand for US residences compared to no-overhang and static overhang options even when controlled on a monthly basis and without any PV panels. Specifically, it is found that dynamic overhangs applied to southern facing windows for houses located in Golden, CO, can save up to 6% when no-PV array is installed and more than 35% when integrated with PV panels using monthly adjustments. Even higher savings up to 90% can be achieved for houses located in warm climates and those with larger windows. Moreover, PV-integrated dynamic overhangs can provide energy savings for windows oriented in any direction especially when adjusted on daily basis.
Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics Research

There is growing interest in enhancing research transparency and reproducibility in economics and other scientific fields. We survey existing work on these topics within economics, and discuss the evidence suggesting that publication bias, inability to replicate, and specification searching remain widespread in the discipline. We next discuss recent progress in this area, including through improved research design, study registration and pre-analysis plans, disclosure standards, and open sharing of data and materials, drawing on experiences in both economics and other social sciences. We discuss areas where consensus is emerging on new practices, as well as approaches that remain controversial, and speculate about the most effective ways to make economics research more credible in the future.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Angiopoietin-2 levels correlates with disease activity in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disease in children, ranges from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the role of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) as a biomarker for pediatric NAFLD-related liver damage. METHODS We assessed the plasma levels of Ang-2 and cytokeratin-18 (CK18) fragments and their association with histologic activity in 76 children with NAFLD and 28 controls. RESULTS The mean plasma levels of Ang-2 and CK18 were higher in children with NAFLD than in age-matched controls (Ang-2 155.4 ± 72.5 vs 7.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL, p < 0.001; CK18 390.4 ± 145.6 vs 193.9 ± 30.8 IU/L, p < 0.001). Ang-2 was significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in children with NASH (N = 41) while CK18 was significantly increased (p = 0.002) in children with fibrosis (N = 47). Ang-2 levels accurately predicted NASH (AUROC 0.911; 95% CI 0.844-0.979; p < 0.0001), while CK18 predicted both NASH (AUROC 0.827; 95% CI 0.735-0.919; p < 0.0001) and fibrosis (AUROC 0.724; 95% CI 0.611-0.837; p = 0.001). Ang-2 and CK18 in combination were good predictors of NASH with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data suggested Ang-2 as a suitable biomarker of NASH in the pediatric population. However, our findings need external validation in other cohorts. IMPACT Several circulating factors have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for NASH. Angiopoietin-2 circulating levels are increased in children with NAFLD and are associated with NASH. Angiopoietin-2 levels are more efficient than CK18 levels at assessing the most severe form of disease, and the combining of these two biomarkers reached a positive predictive value of 100% for NASH.
Foreground and RFI Mitigation with the Baryon Mapping experiment (BMX)

Understanding the nature of Dark Energy is one of the primary unanswered questions in cosmology, and was identified as one of the Department of Energy’s current five priority science missions. In order to measure the effects of Dark Energy and constrain its equation of state, it is necessary to map the expansion history of the universe over a broad range of redshifts. A number of optical instruments designed to map the Large Scale Structure (LSS) of the universe including DES, DESI, and the Vera Rubin Observatory have begun observing, and are expected to produce critical constraints in this field. Intensity Mapping (IM) is also emerging as a potentially complementary method of mapping the LSS of the universe, by using integrated line emissions as tracers of structure. In particular, 21 -cm IM would use the hyperfine "spin flip" transition of neutral hydrogen, which is present throughout cosmic time and as a significant fraction of the baryonic mass of the universe, as a tracer of LSS. Several radio interferometers are already observing, or under development, to measure 21-cm emissions from different redshift ranges, and planning is underway for second generation Stage II experiments.
Abstract TP370: Tai Chi and SilverSneakers® Interventions Improve Aerobic Endurance in Older Stroke Survivors

Background: Physical activity reduces recurrent stroke risk, yet suitable community-based programs are lacking. Tai Chi (TC) and SilverSneakers® (SS) can be easily adapted for persons with disabili...
Faculty Turnover And Salary Compression In Business Schools: Comparing Teaching And Research Missions

Excessive employee turnover has plagued industry and higher education, increasing the cost of manufacturing a product, delivering a service or providing quality education. Most research conducted in this area has concentrated on industry. The few studies that have investigated turnover in higher education were done at the university level while this paper focuses on faculty turnover in business schools. Another difference that distinguishes this paper is that actual turnover figures were used, rather than intentions to leave. Salary compression was also explored, an issue that concerns many faculty members. This occurs when new doctorates are hired at salaries almost equal to that of existing faculty. Our research found that turnover rates are higher in small, teaching institutions, as anticipated. An unexpected result was that salary compression was greater in one of the research institutions. This may be due to abnormal hiring practices of that school.
Typing of O Antigens of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by a Slide Agglutination Test

Abstract O antigens of Vibrio parahaemolyticus can be detected by a slide agglutination test.
Laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: future perspectives

Hundreds of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) cases have been reported in the literature across a broad span of urological procedures. Despite this, many hurdles to widespread adoption of these techniques exist, including technical challenges, such as decreased triangulation and unfamiliar viewing angles, and more philosophical issues, such as the necessity of demonstrating benefits of these techniques over conventional laparoscopy. Future research will seek to overcome these obstacles. This may be accomplished with further instrument development, including robotic instrumentation, as well as clinical studies evaluating outcomes of LESS/NOTES operations that may demonstrate advantages in these techniques.
Abstract W P179: Reducing Time to Treatment - The Role of Stroke Neurologist as First Responder

Background: Stroke patient outcomes are improved by shortened time to thrombolysis. The importance of a stroke-trained neurologist as a first responder on the acute stroke care team has not been clearly defined. Objective: To determine the impact of early involvement of an attending stroke-trained neurologist on timeliness of acute stroke treatment. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study performed at an academic tertiary referral center and certified stroke center. The pre-intervention period was from August 2011 to July 2012 and included 34 patients treated with IV r-tPA. August 2012 to May 2013 was the intervention period, wherein a stroke-trained attending neurologist led the brain attack team in the response to acute strokes (n=26 treated with IV r-tPA). Outcome data included door to treatment and door to CT times. Data were analyses using descriptive statistics and comparisons performed using the Student’s T- test. Results: Door to treatment time shortened from an average of 63.7 minut...
Honeypot based unauthorized data access detection in MapReduce systems

The data processing capabilities of MapReduce systems pioneered with the on-demand scalability of cloud computing have enabled the Big Data revolution. However, the data controllers/owners worried about the privacy and accountability impact of storing their data in the cloud infrastructures as the existing cloud computing solutions provide very limited control on the underlying systems. The intuitive approach — encrypting data before uploading to the cloud — is not applicable to MapReduce computation as the data analytics tasks are ad-hoc defined in the MapReduce environment using general programming languages (e.g., Java) and homomorphic encryption methods that can scale to big data do not exist. In this paper, we address the challenges of determining and detecting unauthorized access to data stored in MapReduce based cloud environments. To this end, we introduce alarm raising honeypots distributed over the data that are not accessed by the authorized MapReduce jobs, but only by the attackers and/or unauthorized users. Our analysis shows that unauthorized data accesses can be detected with reasonable performance in MapReduce based cloud environments.
Sex and Cognitive Dietary Restraint Influence Cholecystokinin Release and Satiety in Response to Preloads Varying in Fatty Acid Composition and Content

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preloads differing in fatty acid composition, content, and delivery form on acute behavioral, subjective, and biological outcomes of satiety. Four energy- and volume-matched preloads were tested in normal weight men and women (n = 12 and 13, respectively), using a random, crossover design. Preloads were semisolid shakes differing in fat source [walnut or safflower (SAFF)], delivery [ground walnuts (WNT) or walnut oil (WOL)] or content [39% fat energy (SAFF, WNT, WOL) or 4% low-fat control (LFC)]. Blood was collected and subjective satiety assessed at 0 (fasting), 15, 30, and 45 min after preload consumption. Lunch (test meal) was provided thereafter. Energy intake at lunch was not affected by preload; however, subjects selected more carbohydrate, fiber-rich foods at the test meal lunch after walnut preloads than after LFC or SAFF preloads. Compared with the LFC preload, appetite satisfaction was significantly greater after SAFF and WNT, but not after WOL. Women were hungrier after SAFF than after WOL, whereas men were less hungry after SAFF and LFC than after WOL or WNT. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations reflected preload fat content and availability, particularly among men; CCK was higher after WOL and SAFF preloads than after LFC or WNT preloads. Plasma insulin was higher after LFC and SAFF preloads, corresponding to hunger suppression in men. Dietary restraint was associated with a blunted CCK response to preloads, whereas insulin was not affected by restraint. The results indicate that test meal energy intake after preloads containing approximately 40% walnut or safflower fat or 4% fat did not differ; however, walnut consumption may promote food patterns consistent with consuming diets higher in fiber.
Development of porous zirconia spheres by polymerization-induced colloid aggregation — effect of polymerization rate

Polymerization-induced colloid aggregation is used to synthesize spheres of narrow size distribution which are porous aggregates of ZrO2 colloids. Variation of the reaction pH has been investigated to determine the optimum rate of polymerization of the urea-formaldehyde resin. At the optimum rate, a colloid packing structure is formed where a balance of high porosity and high strength of the aggregates is achieved. This optimum coincides with the maximum yield of the ∼5 μm sintered (polymer-free) particles. Particles synthesized at pH values below the optimum are mechanically weak; some are hollow spheres. Variation of the pore structure, and thus colloid packing structure, is elucidated by nitrogen adsorption and apparent density measurements. Differences on either side of the optimum pH are related to the efficiency of polymer-bridge formation between colloids.
Dynamic mobile user location update for wireless PCS networks

The basic architecture of a personal communication network consists of a wireline network and mobile terminals. Each mobile terminal communicates with the wireline network through a nearby base station. In order to route incoming calls to a destination mobile terminal, the network must keep track of the location of each mobile terminal from time to time. This is achieved by location update such that each mobile terminal reports its current location to the network at specific time points. When an incoming call arrives, the network will page the mobile terminal starting from the last updated location. A trade-off, therefore, exists between the frequency of location update and the number of locations paged in order to track down the mobile terminal. This paper introduces a location update policy which minimizes the cost of mobile terminal location tracking. A mobile terminal dynamically determines when to update after moving to a new cell based on its mobility pattern and the incoming call arrival probability. The performance of this scheme is close to that of the optimal policy reported earlier. However, the processing time requirement of this scheme is very low. The minimal computation required by this scheme enables its usage in mobile terminals which has limited energy supply and computational power.
Pathological anatomy of the aging meniscus.

(1975). Pathological Anatomy of the Aging Meniscus. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 135-140.
A Framework for the Verified Transformation of Functional Programs

The compilation of functional programs relies on transformations that simplify their structure while ostensibly preserving their meanings. We argue that the combination of the λProlog language and the Abella interactive theorem-prover provide a natural framework for the verified implementation of such transformations. Underlying this argument is the fact that the transformations are syntax-directed and rule-based, with the important proviso that they pay attention to and also modify the binding structure of programs. The logic of higher-order hereditary Harrop formulas, the HoHH logic for short, is well-suited to formalizing such descriptions especially because of the support it provides for the higher-order representation of syntax. By virtue of the computational interpretation of the HoHH logic embodied in λProlog, these formalizations become implementations of the corresponding transformations. The logic that underlies Abella embeds the HoHH logic and provides a complementary capability for reasoning flexibly and succinctly about the properties of specifications written in the HoHH logic. In this presentation, we will consider typical functional program transformations and show how these twin capabilities can be exploited in their verified implementation; we will especially focus on demonstrating the benefits of a higher-order representation of syntax in both specification and reasoning. We will also discuss an extension to the logic underlying Abella for treating logical relations, a notion that is often needed in semantics preservation arguments.