cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Surveillance for Meningococcal Disease in New York State, 1991

Prevention of meningococcal disease relies in part on the prompt treatment of household and other close contacts of cases. New York State requires that all meningococcal disease cases be reported within 24 hours of diagnosis to ensure that chemoprophylaxis is given to all exposed persons. The authors used a capture-recapture method to assess completeness of reporting of meningococcal disease in 1991 by comparing persons reported to the Department of Health surveillance system with patients listed in the New York State computerized hospital discharge data set who had a discharge diagnosis of meningococcal disease. Medical records of persons identified from the discharge data set were reviewed to verify the diagnosis of meningococcal disease, and timeliness of reporting was assessed by reviewing surveillance case reports. In 1991, 110 cases of meningococcal disease were reported to the Department of Health and 197 patients were identified from hospital discharge data, of which charts were reviewed for 179 (91%). Of the charts reviewed, 116 (65%) had confirmed or probable meningococcal disease, and 57 (32%) did not have the disease. Completeness of reporting to the notifiable disease surveillance system was estimated to be 93%, and 78% were reported within 2 days of diagnosis. Errors by physicians and medical records departments contributed to the misclassification of medical records. The authors conclude that notifiable disease surveillance for meningococcal disease is relatively complete, but there is a delay in reporting some cases. Frequent errors may make invalidated hospital discharge data unsuitable for communicable disease surveillance.
Pidgin and Code-Switching: Linguistic Identity and Multicultural Consciousness in Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey:

A recurring theme in Maxine Hong Kingston’s works is the search for a linguistic identity of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans, and this theme receives the fullest treatment in her fourth book, Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1987). In representing the social, cultural and linguistic reality for the Chinese American community living in the multicultural United States, Kingston’s fundamental strategy is to use pidgin expressions and code-switching in the characters’ speech to present a truthful picture of languages used in the Chinese American community. A close analysis of the patterns and functions of pidgins in Tripmaster Monkey reveals that while Kingston records actual linguistic features of Chinese Immigrants’ Pidgin English (CIPE) in dialogue to preserve the linguistic individuality and identity of the Chinese American community, she draws on stereotypical features of the past Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) to combat negative stereotypes of Chinese Americans’ languages. Furthermore, Kingston ...
Impaired recognition memory on the Doors and People Test after damage limited to the hippocampal region.

There have been conflicting reports about the importance of the hippocampal region for recognition memory. Vargha-Khadem et al. (1997) described three patients who became amnesic early in life as a result of damage apparently limited to the hippocampal region. One of these patients (Jon) performed normally on the recognition portion of the Doors and People Test but was severely impaired in recall. To compare adult-onset amnesia directly with these early-onset cases, we tested six amnesic patients on the Doors and People Test. Three of the patients have damage thought to be limited to the hippocampal region. All six patients were markedly impaired on both the recall and recognition portions of the test. To account for the difference between our adult-onset cases and the early-onset case (Jon), we suggest that some compensation for Jon's injury occurred during development, either due to functional reorganization of cortex adjacent to the hippocampus or as the result of learned strategies. Hippocampus 1999;9:495–499. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates: COMMENT

The paper by [Kirwan et al. (2011)][1] proposes an intriguing hypothesis on the formation of a salt marsh in New England (United States). Through the analysis of sediment cores and radiocarbon dates, the authors show that a section of marsh formed after the European settlement in Massachusetts due
Asymmetric [3 + 2] annulations catalyzed by a planar-chiral derivative of DMAP

A planar-chiral DMAP derivative catalyzes an intriguing [3 + 2] annulation reaction of silylated indenes to produce diquinanes that bear three contiguous stereocenters (one quaternary and two tertiary).
A wafer-scale 3D IC technology platform using dielectric bonding glues and copper damascene patterned inter-wafer interconnects

A viable approach for a monolithic wafer-scale three-dimensional (3D) IC technology platform is presented, focusing on wafer bonding, wafer thinning and inter-wafer damascene-patterned interconnects. Principal results include successful wafer alignment, wafer bonding with both BCB and Flare, post bonding wafer thinning using grinding and polishing to 35-50 /spl mu/m, and via etch through the required material stack.
Team-Based Learning in a Statistical Literacy Class

Team-based learning (TBL) is a pedagogical strategy that uses groups of students working together in teams to learn course material. The main learning objective in TBL is to provide students the opportunity to practice course concepts during class-time. A key feature is multiple-choice quizzes that students take individually and then re-take as a team. TBL was originally conceived by Larry Michaelsen (University of Central Missouri) for his business classes and has proven to be especially effective in training medical students. In this paper, we describe an adaptation of TBL for an undergraduate statistical literacy course.
Analysis of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase expression during turion formation induced by abscisic acid in Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed)

Aquatic plants differ in their development from terrestrial plants in their morphology and physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of the major phases of their life cycle. Interestingly, in place of seeds of terrestrial plants their dormant phase is represented by turions, which circumvents sexual reproduction. However, like seeds turions provide energy storage for starting the next growing season. To begin a characterization of the transition from the growth to the dormant phase we used abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, to induce controlled turion formation in Spirodela polyrhiza and investigated their differentiation from fronds, representing their growth phase, into turions with respect to morphological, ultra-structural characteristics, and starch content. Turions were rich in anthocyanin pigmentation and had a density that submerged them to the bottom of liquid medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of turions showed in comparison to fronds shrunken vacuoles, smaller intercellular space, and abundant starch granules surrounded by thylakoid membranes. Turions accumulated more than 60% starch in dry mass after two weeks of ABA treatment. To further understand the mechanism of the developmental switch from fronds to turions, we cloned and sequenced the genes of three large-subunit ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (APLs). All three putative protein and exon sequences were conserved, but the corresponding genomic sequences were extremely variable mainly due to the invasion of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) into introns. A molecular three-dimensional model of the SpAPLs was consistent with their regulatory mechanism in the interaction with the substrate (ATP) and allosteric activator (3-PGA) to permit conformational changes of its structure. Gene expression analysis revealed that each gene was associated with distinct temporal expression during turion formation. APL2 and APL3 were highly expressed in earlier stages of turion development, while APL1 expression was reduced throughout turion development. These results suggest that the differential expression of APLs could be used to enhance energy flow from photosynthesis to storage of carbon in aquatic plants, making duckweeds a useful alternative biofuel feedstock.
Convergence of Godunov-Type Schemes for Scalar Conservation Laws under Large Time Steps

In this paper, we consider convergence of classical high-order Godunov-type schemes towards entropy solutions for scalar conservation laws. It is well known that sufficient conditions for such convergence include total variation boundedness of the reconstruction and cell or wavewise entropy inequalities. We prove that under large time steps, we only need total variation boundedness of the reconstruction to guarantee such convergence. We discuss high-order total variation bounded reconstructions to fulfill this sufficient condition and provide numerical examples on one-dimensional convex conservation laws to assess the performance of such large time step Godunov-type methods. To demonstrate the generality of this approach, we also prove convergence and give numerical examples for a large time step Godunov-like scheme involving Sanders' third-order total variation diminishing reconstruction using both cell averages and point values at cell boundaries.
Monotone rate control of permutable GSMPs

Markovian GSMPs (generalized semi-Markov processes) in which the rates of events are subject to control are considered. A control is monotone if the rate of one event is increasing or decreasing in the number of occurrences of other events. General conditions for the existence of monotone optimal controls are given. The conditions are functional properties for the one-step cost functions and, more importantly, structural properties for the GSMP. The main conditions on costs are submodularity or supermodularity with respect to pairs of events. The key structural condition is strong permutability, requiring that the state at any time be determined by the number of events of each type that have occurred, regardless of their order. This permits a reformulation of the original control problem into one based only on event counting processes. This reformulation leads to a unified treatment of a broad class of models and to significant generality beyond previous results. >
Keyphrase extraction-based query expansion in digital libraries

In pseudo-relevance feedback, the two key factors affecting the retrieval performance most are the source from which expansion terms are generated and the method of ranking those expansion terms. In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised query expansion technique that utilizes keyphrases and POS phrase categorization. The keyphrases are extracted from the retrieved documents and weighted with an algorithm based on information gain and co-occurrence of phrases. The selected keyphrases are translated into Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) based on the POS phrase categorization technique for better query refomulation. Furthermore, we study whether ontologies such as WordNet and MeSH improve the retrieval performance in conjunction with the keyphrases. We test our techniques on TREC 5, 6, and 7 as well as a MEDLINE collection. The experimental results show that the use of keyphrases with POS phrase categorization produces the best average precision.
Effect of hinge location on corneal sensation and dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia

Purpose To evaluate the effects of a superior or nasal hinge location on corneal sensation and dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Setting Magill Research Center for Vision Correction, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Methods This prospective randomized masked study included 47 patients having bilateral myopic LASIK surgery. The first eye was randomly assigned to have a nasal or superior hinge flap; the fellow eye had the alternate location. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, corneal sensation, basic secretion test, tear film breakup time, conjunctival and corneal staining, and a subjective questionnaire were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t test were used for comparison. Results Dry eye occurred with the same frequency in both groups. However, eyes with the nasal hinge had significantly better nasal sensation than those with the superior hinge ( P Conclusion Better nasal corneal sensation was found at 1 month in the nasal hinge group but there was no difference in any other parameters measured.
Medical Museum, 2nd Surgical Hospital

ABSTRACTWhen his unit, the 2nd Surgical Hospital (MA), was established at An Khe in January 1966, MAJ Rich began collecting retrieved foreign bodies along with documentation of the wound. A museum displaying these objects was established at one end of the operating room Quonset hut. During Rich's tour of duty, there were 324 cases where the patient was wounded by a punji stick, representing 38% wounds because of hostile action.
Analysis of in vivo single cell behavior by high throughput, human-in-the-loop segmentation of three-dimensional images.

Analysis of single cells in their native environment is a powerful method to address key questions in developmental systems biology. Confocal microscopy imaging of intact tissues, followed by automatic image segmentation, provides a means to conduct cytometric studies while at the same time preserving crucial information about the spatial organization of the tissue and morphological features of the cells. This technique is rapidly evolving but is still not in widespread use among research groups that do not specialize in technique development, perhaps in part for lack of tools that automate repetitive tasks while allowing experts to make the best use of their time in injecting their domain-specific knowledge. Here we focus on a well-established stem cell model system, the C. elegans gonad, as well as on two other model systems widely used to study cell fate specification and morphogenesis: the pre-implantation mouse embryo and the developing mouse olfactory epithelium. We report a pipeline that integrates machine-learning-based cell detection, fast human-in-the-loop curation of these detections, and running of active contours seeded from detections to segment cells. The procedure can be bootstrapped by a small number of manual detections, and outperforms alternative pieces of software we benchmarked on C. elegans gonad datasets. Using cell segmentations to quantify fluorescence contents, we report previously-uncharacterized cell behaviors in the model systems we used. We further show how cell morphological features can be used to identify cell cycle phase; this provides a basis for future tools that will streamline cell cycle experiments by minimizing the need for exogenous cell cycle phase labels. High-throughput 3D segmentation makes it possible to extract rich information from images that are routinely acquired by biologists, and provides insights — in particular with respect to the cell cycle — that would be difficult to derive otherwise.
Definitive Cleft Rhinoplasty for Unilateral Cleft Nasal Deformity.

tended to be the final surgery for patients with cleft lip and palate. The nasal tip and nostril asymmetries present in patients with unilateral cleft create difficulties for the definitive rhinoplasty. The typical findings contributing to these asymmetries are the retrodisplacement and underprojection of the dome, lateral slumping of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC), shortened columnella, and alar web and hooding. Herein, we present surgical pearls (Video) for performing a sliding chondrocutaneous flap, which incorporates the cleft lip incision, coupled with alar rim incision. Alar base plumping grafts are also often used. This technique can be successfully used as the primary rhinoplasty or as a revision rhinoplasty. In our practice, we perform primary rhinoplasty at the initial time of cleft repair at in patients 1 to 3 months of age and definitive rhinoplasty in teenagers, attempting to eliminate or minimize any intermediate surgical procedures to preserve available grafting material and prevent scarring. The sliding chondrocutaneous flap, or sliding cheilorhinoplasty, borrows tissue from the lip scar to improve projection of the dome and LLC position on the cleft side. The alar rim incision addresses alar and columnella hooding and creates better a contour of the nostril than a marginal incision. Both
Pigmentary Dispersion Syndrome and Glaucoma

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG) are two successive stages of the same disease process characterized by disruption of the iris pigment epithelium and deposition of the dispersed pigment granules throughout the anterior segment. The classic diagnostic triad that characterizes the pigment dispersion syndrome consists of corneal endothelial pigmentation (Krukenberg spindle, Fig. 38.1); slit-like, radial, mid-peripheral iris transillumination defects (Fig. 38.2); and dense homogeneous pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork (Fig. 38.3). In PDS, the anterior chamber is often deeper than normal both centrally and peripherally.
Relationship between the durations of jumps in solar wind time series and the frequency of the spectral break

Several physically motivated examples of stochastic processes that exhibit discontinuous jumps at random times are used to show that if the discontinuous jumps are replaced by continuous or smooth transitions with an average duration Δt, then the power spectral density of the process develops a high-frequency spectral break at a frequency of order ωb = π/Δt. Conversely, if the spectrum of the original process is altered by imposing a high-frequency spectral break, as may be accomplished by filtering with a low-pass filter of some kind, then the discontinuous jumps in the original signal are replaced by continuous jumps having a duration of magnitude Δt = π/ωb, where ωb is the break frequency of the altered spectrum. These results suggest that for any stochastic process containing randomly occurring jumps in the time domain and a high-frequency spectral break in the spectral domain with break frequency ωb, the average durations of the jumps are of order Δt = π/ωb. This result is closely connected with the sampling theorem and the uncertainty principle for Fourier transform pairs and demonstrates that the physical processes responsible for the dissipation of solar wind turbulence also determine the thicknesses of the strongest current sheets in the solar wind.
Insecticidal Activity of Plant Powders against Rice Weevil

Laboratory studies were conducted to study the effect of five leaf powders viz. Justicia adhatda (Adathodai), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Carica papaya (Papaya), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) and Annona squamosa (Annona) on rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. infested rice in storage. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. Five grams of each plant powder were used to treat 100 g of rice grains. A control treatment having no any botanical was set up to compare the results in order to choose effective plant powder to control the rice weevil in storage. Six pairs of rice weevils were introduced to each treatment. The cumulative mortality percentage of adult weevil in different botanical treatments was recorded at two weeks interval. It was revealed that the use of powders from the selected indigenous botanical plants increased adult mortality of the rice weevils. Annona leaf powder recorded 100% mortality of the weevils at 10th week after the treatment and showed significantly (p<0.05) highest efficacy in controlling the adult weevils among the botanicals tested. Furthermore, Annona was followed by Tulsi to kill the weevils effectively in rice storage. Moreover, Adathodai had no significant (p=0.05) influence on the mortality of rice weevils. Therefore, the resource poor farmers can use ground botanicals namely, Annona and Tulsi in controlling rice weevils as they may not afford to buy chemical pesticides due to high cost. Keywords: Botanical insecticides; Insect mortality; Rice weevil; Storage pest
The Business Side of Industrial Policy

Under what conditions do businesses choose to reconsider their immediate, short-term competitive niches and engage in long-term, systematic thinking by searching for new business models? This crucial question is left aside by the contemporary literature on industrial policy insofar as it assumes that the problem of industrial upgrading and learning is one of states facilitating private firms’ pursuit of their already-established drives. Drawing from five cases in Latin America (two in Guatemala, two in Nicaragua and one in Colombia) where industries voluntarily broke free of inertial trajectories to seek new approaches to business, we find that conditions of “systemic vulnerability” (Doner et al. 2005) – a combination of shocks in demand, sectoral competitiveness and civil/social conflict – force business elites to reconsider their constituents and investment timeframes in a manner analogous to political elites in Doner et al.’s model. Based on these observations, we contribute to theories of industrial policy and industrial upgrading by identifying the factors that inhibit and encourage firms’ initiation of searches for new business models.
Dynamic Solvent Effects on Equilibrium Isomerization: Kramers Theory Revisited with 2DIR Chemical Exchange

Using ultrafast two dimensional infrared chemical exchange spectroscopy we monitored the equilibrium exchange between two dicobalt octacarbonyl isomers in linear alkane solvents. Results were inconsistent with a Markovian hydrodynamic viscosity implicating Kramers-Hubbard and/or frequency-dependent friction.
The role of the vertical expandable titanium rib in the treatment of infantile idiopathic scoliosis: early results from a single institution.

Objectives Few studies exist on the management of progressive curves in the setting of infantile idiopathic scoliosis. We have performed a retrospective review of our experience treating those patients unresponsive to conservative management with the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib. Methods We reviewed 8 consecutive patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis treated at our institution between 2000 and 2009. All patients were screened to ensure that no confounding congenital anomalies or comorbidities contributed to the spinal deformity. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and most recent Cobb angle, sagittal balance, and spinal length, were measured to assess overall curve correction. Patient charts were reviewed for the occurrence of complications. Results The average age at the time of surgery was 45.8 months (range: 24 to 84 mo). The average preoperative Cobb angle was 84 degrees (range: 50 to 119 degrees) and showed mean curve correction of 35.1% (range: 20% to 60%) over an average follow-up of 32 months (range: 14 to 45 mo). Spinal height increased a mean of 71 mm (range: 51 to 98 mm) over an average of 4 lengthenings (range: 2 to 7). Three of the patients (37%) experienced minor hardware complications, none experienced a neurologic deficit. Conclusions Our results suggest that the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib device is a safe and effective treatment option for large-magnitude curves in this unique patient population. Level of evidence IV--case series.
An Exploratory Survey of Transition Teaching Practices Results From a National Sample

This study used multilevel modeling to examine the extent to which secondary special educators promoted nonacademic behaviors that were positively linked to postschool outcomes for students with di...
Fat Embolism Syndrome: Fact or Myth?

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is thought to occur most commonly in patients who suffer severe trauma and orthopedic injuries and may be associated with potentially life-threatening pulmonary complications. However, despite its original description hundreds of years ago, it remains a difficult diagnosis to establish and the process by which a fat embolism leads to the clinical syndrome of FES is poorly understood. Some wonder, therefore, if it is a unique syndrome or just part of the spectrum of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) common to other critically ill patients. In this review, we will summarize the clinical and experimental evidence that supports FES as a unique clinical condition.
Flexible implant arthroplasty in the hand.

In finger-joint arthroplasty, the proper amounts of flexion-extension, appropriate lateral move merit, and reduction of dorsopalmar subluxation are difficult to obtain but necessary for a good result. A flexible implant must therefore maintain internal alignment and spacing of the reconstructed joint while early motion is started, with the implant acting as a dynamic spacer.
Digital Circuitry and Interfacing

Now we turn our attention to the physical circuitry and electrical quantities that are used to represent and operate on the binary codes 1 and 0. In this chapter we begin by looking at how logic circuits are described and introduce the basic set of gates used for all digital logic operations. We then look at the underlying circuitry that implements the basic gates including digital signaling and how voltages are used to represent 1’s and 0’s. We then look at interfacing between two digital circuits and how to ensure that when one circuit sends a binary code, the receiving circuit is able to determine which code was sent. Logic families are then introduced, and the details of how basic gates are implemented at the switch level are presented. Finally, interfacing considerations are covered for the most common types of digital loads (i.e., other gates, resistors, and LEDs). The goal of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the basic electrical operation of digital circuits.
A novel reconfigurable broadband antenna for cognitive radio systems

Dynamic spectrum access based on cognitive radio systems is highly desired to satisfy the expanding wireless communication demand. However, cognitive radio is in need of a compact antenna that is capable of covering a large frequency range. In this paper, a novel reconfigurable broadband antenna is proposed, which is capable of a dynamic multiple channel access in the frequency range from 400 MHz to 4 GHz. The proposed antenna maintains the compact size so that it is suitable for mobile multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) applications. The antenna achieves a minimum −5 dB channel bandwidth of 33 MHz which is large enough for TV whitespace applications.
Public Private Partnerships and Health

There is an increasing amount of interaction between the public and private sectors in economic and human development . The private sector is involved in areas previously the domain of public sector actors and IGOs, through avenues that include charitable contributions and partnerships with public agencies. As a result, the number of global public-private partnerships (GPPP) operating in global health and development is growing. Such partnerships can result in innovative, multi-sectoral strategies that redress a dearth of technological and fiscal resources. Although public and private actors have tried to create common operational structures and principles, these frameworks remain fragmented. Positive outcomes of this trend towards public-private partnerships include money available to global health projects has quadrupled since 1990, and the availability of certain drugs and vaccinations in the developing world increased. But the growth of GPPPs has also given private corporations considerable power in formulating global health policy. Evaluation of the short- and long-term impacts of these partnerships is only now beginning in earnest. Much remains to be seen as to the ultimate gains and losses associated with those partnerships.
Minimum aberration designs for discrete choice experiments

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) is a survey method that gives insight into individual preferences for particular attributes. Traditionally, methods for constructing DCEs focus on identifying the individual effect of each attribute (a main effect). However, an interaction effect between two attributes (a two-factor interaction) better represents real-life trade-offs, and provides us a better understanding of subjects’ competing preferences. In practice it is often unknown which two-factor interactions are significant. To address the uncertainty, we propose the use of minimum aberration blocked designs to construct DCEs. Such designs maximize the number of models with estimable two-factor interactions in a DCE with two-level attributes. We further extend the minimum aberration criteria to DCEs with mixed-level attributes and develop some general theoretical results.
Application of an improved spectral decomposition method to examine earthquake source scaling in Southern California

Earthquake source spectra contain fundamental information about the dynamics of earthquake rupture. However, the inherent tradeoffs in separating source and path effects, when combined with limitations in recorded signal bandwidth, make it challenging to obtain reliable source spectral estimates for large earthquake data sets. We present here a stable and statistically robust spectral decomposition method that iteratively partitions the observed waveform spectra into source, receiver, and path terms. Unlike previous methods of its kind, our new approach provides formal uncertainty estimates and does not assume self-similar scaling in earthquake source properties. Its computational efficiency allows us to examine large data sets (tens of thousands of earthquakes) that would be impractical to analyze using standard empirical Green's function-based approaches. We apply the spectral decomposition technique to P wave spectra from five areas of active contemporary seismicity in Southern California: the Yuha Desert, the San Jacinto Fault, and the Big Bear, Landers, and Hector Mine regions of the Mojave Desert. We show that the source spectra are generally consistent with an increase in median Brune-type stress drop with seismic moment but that this observed deviation from self-similar scaling is both model dependent and varies in strength from region to region. We also present evidence for significant variations in median stress drop and stress drop variability on regional and local length scales. These results both contribute to our current understanding of earthquake source physics and have practical implications for the next generation of ground motion prediction assessments.
Petrology: Ancient magma sources revealed

The composition of Earth's oldest crust is uncertain. Comparison of the most ancient mineral grains with more recent analogues suggests that formation of the earliest crust was heavily influenced by re-melting of igneous basement rocks.
Torque ripple minimization of a five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor under open phase faults

This paper aims to present an analysis of the torque ripple minimization technique for a five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM) at different types of open phase faults. Minimizing the torque ripple has been the best practice to reduce the motor vibration. Especially, in a five-phase PMa-SynRM the vibration becomes substantially high at the time of open phase faults. This paper investigates three different open phase faults that occur in a five-phase PMa-SynRM. Due to these faults, the presence of the harmonic contents in the phase currents are calculated which eventually produces ripple in the d-q axis current signature. In this paper, a method of harmonic cancellation is proposed which improves the torque ripple and reduces the motor vibration. Extensive theoretical analysis has been carried out through finite element analysis (FEA) to present different fault scenarios. The experimental tests are conducted for the five-phase machine by utilizing 3.7 kW dynamo which has been controlled with TI DSP (F28335) and five-phase inverter system.
Are Operant Principles Tautological

The charge that operant principles are tautological is presented and examined. The tautology is seen as incidental, not necessary, and a schema is suggested that orders operant principles into an integrated set of non-tautological statements of general and derived propositions.
98 – Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a complex disorder that clearly increases with advancing age in men and women of all ethnic groups. It is likely that the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is both genetic and environmental. The manifestations of Alzheimer's disease evolve rather typically from the earliest signs of impaired memory to severe cognitive loss, inanition, and death. Gradual and progressive decline with occasional plateaus is most typical. Memory impairment is the usual presenting manifestation. Difficulty recalling people's names, telephone numbers, and the details of events of the day or conversations may be seen as insignificant early on but can represent the initial signs of disease. In contrast, memory for remote events of life experiences and for some previously learned facts remains relatively unimpaired at the beginning of the illness. The way in which genes and environmental factors interact in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is crucial in developing effective interventions. Hormone replacement therapy that includes estrogen may well be an important first step, but one that desperately needs the results of rigorous clinical trials before recommendations can be made.
Catalytic macrolactonizations for natural product synthesis.

Covering: 2000 to 2017 Macrolactones are privileged structural motifs in many functional molecules, particularly natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. They are commonly synthesized from the corresponding seco acids with various stoichiometric activating reagents to promote the formation of the macrocycle. Advances in new methods and strategies for synthesizing macrolactones have been made over the years to improve the overall synthetic efficiency and economy. This highlight focuses on the recent developments of catalytic macrolactonization methods and strategies without the use of seco acids and their applications in natural product total synthesis. In particular, catalytic C–H macrolactonization, enantioselective Rh-catalyzed redox-neutral allene-acid cyclization, catalytic carbonylative macrolactonization, and NHC-catalyzed oxidative macrolactonization are highlighted.
Chapter 4 – The Secret of the Bilaterians: Abstract Regulatory Design in Building Adult Body Parts

Publisher Summary The bilaterians share principles of developmental regulatory design that are uncannily similar in the most diverse species, such as flies. This chapter discusses two developmental regulatory architecture of the bilaterians—one developmental and one evolutionary. The regulatory architecture explains how bilaterian genomes encode their body parts; but it also follows that the evolutionary appearance of the bilaterians depends on the genomic assembly of such regulatory architecture in their common ancestors. The chapter also discusses the first regulatory step in body part formation, which is so general that it can be considered as a law of bilaterian developmental biology. It is to set up a discrete regulatory state by expression of a gene or genes encoding transcription factors.The development of very different body parts begins in just the same way, with the establishment of a patch of progenitor cells expressing certain genes encoding transcription factors.
Information technology and employment: The impact of job tasks and worker skills:

This study examines worker displacement from the job task framework in which tasks performed by workers interact with information technology in different ways and therefore can potentially lead to ...
Consumer Bankruptcy Filings: Trends and Indicators

This paper examines consumer bankruptcy filing rates. It attempts to identify some trends and some economic indicators that might predict those filing rates. While several studies examined these questions prior to the passage of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA), there remains considerable uncertainty and debate over what economic factors correlate to consumer bankruptcy. This is the first study that takes into account the impact of BAPCPA, both in anticipation of and in the aftermath of its effective date. 1. Part I lays out the historical filing rate data following the effective date of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Part II examines the impact of BAPCPA on filing rates, and finds that the dramatic post-BAPCPA drop in filings may be almost over. Soon, consumer bankruptcy filing rates are likely to return to their pre-BAPCPA levels. Part III then analyzes the possible correlation of numerous plausible economic data sets to non-business bankruptcy filing rates. The paper finds several such data sets that correlate to non-business filings to a high level of statistical significance. These economic indicators point to a return to pre-BAPCPA filing levels. However, those indicators also suggest that it is unlikely that consumer filings will increase much over those old levels unless fundamental underlying economic changes occur. The findings in Part III further indicate that if Congress wants to curb consumer bankruptcy filings, it needs to focus on treating root causes - such as the explosion in revolving consumer credit - rather than on symptoms. Thus, BAPCPA may have been misguided
Comparison of non-invasive blood pressure measurements on the arm and calf during cesarean delivery.

Objective. Shivering may occur in 75% of women undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery and may render an automated noninvasive blood pressure (ANIBP) device incapable of determining blood pressure (BP). When patients shiver under spinal anesthesia, the lower extremities do not exhibit the same involuntary muscle movements as do the upper extremities. This study was undertaken to determine if a correlation exists between ANIBP measurements in the arm and calf of women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Methods. We enrolled 73 women in this blinded, prospective study. Simultaneous arm and calf BP were measured with an ANIBP and differences between the two were determined. Results. We found significant differences between the average difference in systolic and in diastolic BP, no significant difference between the average mean BP, and a tendency for the systolic BP to be higher and the diastolic BP to be lower in the calf than in the arm; however, there was a large degree of variability among patients. Conclusion. We conclude that there is a poor correlation between the BP measured by an ANIBP on the calf and one on the arm. In the parturient undergoing cesarean section, lower extremity BP as measured by an ANIBP does not correlate with the arm ANIBP and should not be used to assure fetal wellbeing.
Capitalizing on the heterogeneous effects of CFTR nonsense and frameshift variants to inform therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis.

CFTR modulators have revolutionized the treatment of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) by improving the function of existing protein. Unfortunately, almost half of the disease-causing variants in CFTR are predicted to introduce premature termination codons (PTC) thereby causing absence of full-length CFTR protein. We hypothesized that a subset of nonsense and frameshift variants in CFTR allow expression of truncated protein that might respond to FDA-approved CFTR modulators. To address this concept, we selected 26 PTC-generating variants from four regions of CFTR and determined their consequences on CFTR mRNA, protein and function using intron-containing minigenes expressed in 3 cell lines (HEK293, MDCK and CFBE41o-) and patient-derived conditionally reprogrammed primary nasal epithelial cells. The PTC-generating variants fell into five groups based on RNA and protein effects. Group A (reduced mRNA, immature (core glycosylated) protein, function 1% (n = 5)), Group D (reduced mRNA, mature protein, function >1% (n = 5)) and Group E (aberrant RNA splicing, mature protein, function > 1% (n = 1)) variants responded to modulators. Increasing mRNA level by inhibition of NMD led to a significant amplification of modulator effect upon a Group D variant while response of a Group A variant was unaltered. Our work shows that PTC-generating variants should not be generalized as genetic 'nulls' as some may allow generation of protein that can be targeted to achieve clinical benefit.
Climate Change, Individual Obligations and the Virtue of Justice:

Over the last decade, a number of climate ethicists have turned their attention to the question of individual moral obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Important problems face their eff...
Infrastructuring as a Practice of Design-Based Research for Supporting and Studying Equitable Implementation and Sustainability of Innovations

This essay presents infrastructuring as a useful construct for guiding efforts to support more equitable implementation and sustainability of resources developed to support student learning in desi...
Sport horse leisure and the phenomenology of interspecies embodiment

This article presents an auto-ethnography of the experience of sport horse riding. Drawing on phenomenological and anthropological theories of embodiment, I argue that the aspirational goal of spor...
MGMT status through the ages, literally.

e13550Background: It is known that in the setting of glioblastoma (GBM) having a methylated O6-Methylguanine Methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter confers a greater response to Temozolomide (TMZ) ...
NodeGroup: A Knowledge-driven Data Management Abstraction for Industrial Machine Learning

Organizations such as GE are heavily invested in applying advanced data-intensive machine learning (ML) techniques towards continually improving the performance of complex physical assets and industrial operations. This paper highlights some unique industrial data management challenges and demonstrates the need for and benefits of a knowledge-driven approach to data management that complements existing efforts by the ML systems community. Specifically, we present a novel software abstraction called a NodeGroup for accessing (within some domain-specific context) heterogeneous data so that the development of end-to-end ML-driven applications is further streamlined. We present our preliminary use of NodeGroups for ML applications within a prototype (additive) manufacturing data platform at GE.
Molecular Mechanisms of y-Diketone Neuropathy

We know from human and animal exposure data that inhalation of high concentrations of n-hexane are required, for prolonged periods of time, before a peripheral neuropathy will develop, a product of the rates of production of its ultimate toxic metabolite and of the reactions which occur within the axon (Yamamura, 1969; Herskowitz, et al., 1971). In both human and animal species, the greater vulnerability of long over short axons is a manifestation of the greater number of molecular targets for reaction with the toxic metabolite in the longer axons and a reflection of the stability of those targets. Looking back on the 20 years that we have been aware of this neurotoxicant, it is clear that these conclusions, so important to our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of n-hexane neuropathy, might have been drawn from the clinical observation of these patients, and, subsequently, of exposed laboratory animals.
Preoperative patient education and patient preparedness are associated with less postoperative use of opioids.

Abstract Background Because many patients are first exposed to opioids after general surgery procedures, surgical stewardship for the use of opioids is critical in addressing the opioid crisis. We developed a multi-component opioid reduction program to minimize the use of opioids after surgery. Our objectives were to assess patient exposure to the intervention and to investigate the association with postoperative use and disposal of opioids. Methods We implemented a multi-component intervention, including patient education, the settings of expectations, the education of the providers, and an in-clinic disposal box in our large, academic, general surgery clinic. From April to December 2018, patients were surveyed by phone 30 to 60 days after their operation regarding their experience with postoperative pain management. The association between patient education and preparedness to manage pain was assessed using χ2 tests. Education, preparedness, and clinical factors were evaluated for association with quantity of pills used using ANOVA and multivariable linear regression. Results Of the 389 eligible patients, 112 responded to the survey (28.8%). Patients receiving both pre and postoperative education were more likely to feel prepared to manage pain than those who only received the education pre or postoperatively (91% vs 68%, P = .01). Patients who felt prepared to manage their pain used 9.1 fewer pills on average than those who did not (P = .01). Fourteen patients (24%) with excess pills disposed of them. Preoperative education was associated with disposal of excess pills (30% vs 0%, P Conclusion Exposure to clinic-based interventions, particularly preoperatively, can increase patient preparedness to manage postoperative pain and decrease the quantity of opioids used. Additional strategies are needed to increase appropriate disposal of unused opioids.
Motivators and barriers in undergraduate mechanical engineering students' use of learning resources

As innovations in instructional methods and educational technology become more prevalent, it becomes increasingly important to understand how research-based learning resources are utilised by stude...
The effects of metronome frequency differentially affects gait on a treadmill and overground in people with Parkinson disease.

Abstract Background Treadmills and rhythmic auditory cueing can influence stepping rhythm for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Of concern, however, is that auditory cueing directly addresses the temporal features of gait, whereas adjusting step length may be more important for people with PD. Stepping to a faster cadence when walking overground may increase gait speed, but without requiring an increased step length. Furthermore, given the potentially valuable role of walking on a treadmill for individuals with PD, we are concerned that increasing cadence with rhythmic auditory cueing while walking at a constant treadmill speed will induce even shorter steps. Research question What is the effect of different metronome cue frequencies on spatiotemporal gait parameters when walking overground compared to walking on a treadmill in people with PD? Methods Using a repeated-measures design, 21 people with PD (stage 1–3) walked overground and on a treadmill with and without metronome cues of 85 %, 100 %, and 115 % of their baseline cadence frequency for one minute each. We assessed step length, and cadence during all conditions. Gait speed was assessed during overground gait. Results An interaction effect between cue frequency and walking environment revealed that participants took longer steps during the 85 % condition on the treadmill only. When walking overground, metronome cues of 85 % and 115 % of baseline cadence yielded decreases and increases, respectively, in both cadence and gait speed with no associated change in step length. Significance These data suggest that people with PD are able to alter spatiotemporal gait parameters immediately when provided the appropriate metronome cue and walking environment. We propose to target shortened step lengths by stepping to the beat of slow frequency auditory cues while walking on a treadmill, whereas the use of fast frequency cues during overground walking can facilitate faster walking speeds.