cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Naming, Shaming, and International Sporting Events: Does the Host Nation Play Fair?

Recently, the Winter Olympic Games in Russia and the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Brazil have drawn attention as much for politics as the excitement of the competitions. Russia’s pursuance of discriminatory homosexual policies made it the target of international rights groups; Brazil’s exploitation of the poor for the sake of hosting the World Cup led to several high-profile protests ahead of the event. These large-scale international sporting competitions provide a ready-made platform for naming and shaming states that may have dubious human rights records. The question remains as to whether or not the shaming of these host states by international groups effectively changes a state’s behavior. This paper argues that states facing increased global media attention while hosting an event are likely to substitute repression of physical integrity rights with repression of civil and political rights in an effort to maintain favorable appearances internationally. However...
Modulation of Calcium Entry by the Endo-lysosomal System.

Endo-lysosomes are acidic organelles that besides the role in macromolecules degradation, act as intracellular Ca2+ stores. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), the most potent Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, produced in response to agonist stimulation, activates Ca2+-releasing channels on endo-lysosomes and modulates a variety of cellular functions. NAADP-evoked signals are amplified by Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, via the recruitment of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and/or ryanodine receptors through a Ca2+-induced Ca2+- release (CICR) mechanism. The endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels activated by NAADP were recently identified as the two-pore channels (TPCs). In addition to TPCs, endo-lysosomes express another distinct family of Ca2+- permeable channels, namely the transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) channels, functionally distinct from TPCs. TPCs belong to the voltage-gated channels, resembling voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels. TPCs have important roles in vesicular fusion and trafficking, in triggering a global Ca2+ signal and in modulation of the membrane excitability. Depletion of acidic Ca2+ stores has been shown to activate store-operated Ca2+ entry in human platelets and mouse pancreatic β-cells. In human platelets, Ca2+ influx in response to acidic stores depletion is facilitated by the tubulin-cytoskeleton and occurs through non-selective cation channels and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. Emerging evidence indicates that activation of intracellular receptors, situated on endo-lysosomes, elicits canonical and non-canonical signaling mechanisms that involve CICR and activation of non-selective cation channels in plasma membrane. The ability of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores to modulate the Ca2+ release from other organelles and the Ca2+ entry increases the diversity and complexity of cellular signaling mechanisms.
The Empathic Responses: A Neglected Field for Research

The more fully one comprehends the nature of the shifts in theoretical and methodological orientation which have been taking place in social psychology during the past two decades, the greater becomes his appreciation of the fundamental contributions made by Harry Stack Sullivan to this highly significant movement in social science. An appraisal of the changes here indicated has been made elsewhere1. Briefly stated the basic trend has been toward what may be called interactional theories of human behavior and personality and away from static atomistic attributive theories, with accompanying efforts to develop methods more appropriate for dealing with dynamic interactional situations. Sullivan's importance in this development is due not only to the fact that he has made the most explicit formulation of interactional theory and practice in psychiatry as such, but that these formulations are highly relevant and significant for the whole field of social psychology. There can be no doubt that he will rank as one of the major contributors to a matured social psychology.
Structure-activity relationships in membrane-perturbing agents. Hemolytic, narcotic, and antibacterial compounds.

Extrathermodynamic structure-activity correlations have been formulated for various sets of congeners causing hemolysis. The similarity of these equations to those correlating bacterial action and narcosis is discussed.
Securing the Empirical Value of Measurement Results

Reports of quantitative experimental results often distinguish between the statistical uncertainty and the systematic uncertainty that characterize measurement outcomes. This paper discusses the practice of estimating systematic uncertainty in High Energy Physics (HEP). The estimation of systematic uncertainty in HEP should be understood as a minimal form of quantitative robustness analysis. The secure evidence framework is used to explain the epistemic significance of robustness analysis. However, the empirical value of a measurement result depends crucially not only on the resulting systematic uncertainty estimate, but on the learning aims for which that result will be used. Philosophically important conceptual and practical questions regarding systematic uncertainty assessment call for further investigation.
SIG-Blocks

This paper presents the SIG-Blocks system developed for automated cognitive assessment via tangible geometric games (TAG-Games). Computerized game administration and real-time cognitive and behavior assessments were realized by wireless self-synchronization in communication, decentralized hybrid-sensing, assembly and motion detection, and graphical visualization. The measurable performance data included time and accuracy at each manipulation step, overall speed of manipulative motions, and the total number of rotational motions. For preliminary evaluation, three types of TAG-Games were designed: TAG-GameA for assembly, TAG-GameS for shape matching, and TAG-GameM for memory. As a part of the game design, a computational measure of play complexity was defined for each TAG-Game based on the geometric properties and the number of blocks in the item. An evaluation with 86 participants assessed both reliability of the TAG-Game items using split-half and test-retest reliability tests and validity of the proposed complexity measures by comparing the results with three subtests of the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale 4th Edition (WAIS-IV), i.e. Block Design (BD), Matrix Reasoning (MR), and Digit Span (DS). The high reliability coefficients showed that TAG-Games were reliable. Regarding validity, correlations were found between TAG-GameA and BD and between TAG-GameS and MR. Behavioral analysis also showed that the TAG-Game performance was positively correlated with the manipulation speed, but not correlated with the total number of rotations applied to the blocks. A new tangible game technology, called SIG-Blocks, is presented.TAG-Games, using SIG-Blocks as game control, are designed for automated cognitive assessment.Performance data in TAG-Games were correlated with selected standardized measures.SIG-Blocks and TAG-Games enable automated, remote assessment of cognitive skills.
Mental Health Outcomes for Youth Living in Refugee Camps: A Review:

Currently, there are approximately 10.8 million child refugees worldwide. Youth living in refugee camps face a wide range of difficulties placing them at risk for trauma exposure and negative mental health outcomes. However, little is known about the mental health functioning of these youth. The present review provides a systematic review of mental health outcomes for refugee/displaced youth residing in refugee camps. Twenty studies were included in the present review. Among these studies, the prevalence of mental health disorders varied greatly with some studies reporting null effects for disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder and others reporting prevalence as high as 87%. Levels of anxiety, somatic symptoms, depression, and aggression also varied across studies. The results point to the significant need for more research on the mental health of youth residing in refugee camps. Despite the wide range of measurement approaches, the evidence points to a fairly consistent finding of a range of maladjustment problems for youth living in refugee camps. Implications for improving the methodology for investigating mental health are discussed.
Aberrant Pre-mRNA Processing Due to Novel Splicing Mutations in the CBL Proto-Oncogene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract Ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent proteolysis is a highly controlled pathway that regulates almost all cellular processes by modulating the levels of key proteins. Several E3 Ub ligases are functionally abnormal in cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) protein, negatively regulates many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are frequently over-expressed and/or constitutively activated (e.g., FLT3) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The CBL linker region, encoded in part by exon 8, lies between the tyrosine kinase binding and the RING finger domains and, mutations introduced into this linker region were previously shown to confer transforming ability. Herein, we describe novel splicing mutations in the c-CBL gene that lead to aberrant pre-mRNA processing in AML. DNA PCR revealed a splice site mutation whereby 14 nucleotides were deleted at the exon 8-intron 8 boundary in one CBL allele of the MOLM-13 cell line. Out of 18 patient samples, one primary AML blast sample had a 4 base pair deletion (16 bases upstream of the intron 7-exon 8 junction) which was replaced by a 12 base pair GC-rich insertion. We hypothesized that this mutation was an intronic splicing silencer element. RT-PCR/sequencing confirmed aberrant pre-mRNA processing in both the AML patient sample and MOLM-13 cells as they expressed a wild-type CBL transcript and an in-frame variant lacking exon 8. The splice variants are reminiscent of the oncogenic Cbl intragenic deletion mutation present in the murine pre-B cell line, p70Z. Such Cbl mutants are suggested to result in a structural alteration, allowing displacement of wild-type Cbl from the RTK complex thereby abrogating Cbl's negative regulatory function. Thus it is possible that this mutant may enhance proliferation and survival of AML cells through attenuation of ubiquitin/proteosome-dependent degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Further investigation into the role of CBL and other players in the Ub-mediated proteolytic pathway is likely to provide additional insight into a subset of AML patients that in turn could lead to discovery of new therapeutic targets and strategies.
Multi-resolution Spatial Event Forecasting in Social Media

Social media has become a significant surrogate forspatial event forecasting. The accuracy and discernibility of aspatial event forecasting model are two key concerns, whichrespectively determine how accurate and how detailed themodel's predictions could be. Existing work pays most attentionon the accuracy alone, seldom considering the accuracyand discernibility simultaneously, because this would requiresa considerably more sophisticated model while still sufferingfrom several challenges: 1) the precise formulation of thetrade-off between accuracy and discernibility, 2) the scarcityof social media data with a high spatial resolution, and 3)the characterization of spatial correlation and heterogeneity. This paper proposes a novel feature learning model thatconcurrently addresses all the above challenges by formulatingprediction tasks for different locations with different spatialresolutions, allowing the heterogeneous relationships amongthe tasks to be characterized. This characterization is thenintegrated into our new model based on multitask learning, whose parameters are optimized by our proposed algorithmbased on the Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers(ADMM). Extensive experimental evaluations on 11 datasetsfrom different domains demonstrated the effectiveness of ourproposed approach.
Psychological Flexibility and Resilience in Parentally Bereaved College Students

Losing a parent prior to age 18 years can have life-long implications. The challenges of emerging adulthood may be even more difficult for parentally bereaved college students, and studying their coping responses is crucial for designing campus services and therapy interventions. This study examined the relationships between bereavement-related distress, experiential avoidance (EA), values, and resilience. Findings indicated that EA and low importance of values were correlated with bereavement difficulties, with EA accounting for 26% of the variance in the bereavement distress measure. In addition, reports of behaving consistently with values accounted for 20% of the variance in the resiliency measure. Contrary to hypotheses and previous literature, there were no significant relationships between the measures of EA and values. The results, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Parsimonious nonstationary flood frequency analysis

Abstract There is now widespread awareness of the impact of anthropogenic influences on extreme floods (and droughts) and thus an increasing need for methods to account for such influences when estimating a frequency distribution. We introduce a parsimonious approach to nonstationary flood frequency analysis (NFFA) based on a bivariate regression equation which describes the relationship between annual maximum floods, x, and an exogenous variable which may explain the nonstationary behavior of x. The conditional mean, variance and skewness of both x and y = ln (x) are derived, and combined with numerous common probability distributions including the lognormal, generalized extreme value and log Pearson type III models, resulting in a very simple and general approach to NFFA. Our approach offers several advantages over existing approaches including: parsimony, ease of use, graphical display, prediction intervals, and opportunities for uncertainty analysis. We introduce nonstationary probability plots and document how such plots can be used to assess the improved goodness of fit associated with a NFFA.
Hormetic heat shock and HSF-1 overexpression improve C. elegans survival and proteostasis by inducing autophagy

The cellular recycling process of macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential homeostatic system induced by various stresses, but it remains unclear how autophagy contributes to organismal stress resistance. In a recent study, we report that a mild and physiologically beneficial ("hormetic") heat shock as well as overexpression of the heat-shock responsive transcription factor HSF-1 systemically increases autophagy in C. elegans. Accordingly, we found HSF-1- and heat stress-inducible autophagy to be required for C. elegans thermoresistance and longevity. Moreover, a hormetic heat shock or HSF-1 overexpression alleviated PolyQ protein aggregation in an autophagy-dependent manner. Collectively, we demonstrate a critical role for autophagy in C. elegans stress resistance and hormesis, and reveal a requirement for autophagy in HSF-1 regulated functions in the heat-shock response, proteostasis, and aging.
Angular dependence of magnetization reversal in epitaxial chromium telluride thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Abstract We investigate magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal mechanism in chromium telluride thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We report existence of strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in these thin films, along with a relatively strong second order anisotropy contribution. The angular variation of the switching field observed from the magnetoresistance measurement is explained quantitatively using a one-dimensional defect model. The model reveals the relative roles of nucleation and pinning in the magnetization reversal, depending on the applied field orientation. Micromagnetic simulations are performed to visualize the domain structure and switching process.
Modeling, Identification, and Control of Aquacultural Processes and Facilities

Abstract Modeling, identification and control are described in the context of aquacultural operations. Biological, physical and economic models are discussed and various uses of models are presented. Opportunities and limitations of automation in the control of aquacultural processes and facilities are reviewed
The manipulations of time: On the temporal embeddedness of urban insecurity:

Turning the table on Henri Lefebvre’s argument that the structure of everyday life is closely associated with the non-accumulative routing of cyclical or immanent time whereas it lags behind the fo...
A History of Direct Current Measurement as it Relates to Tissue Proliferation

One of the central tenets of evolutionary biology is the conservation of morphological and behavioural characteristics in response to environmental demands. When challenged by the demands of a changing ecosystem, organisms typically adapt by successive modifications of existing biological machinery rather than the development of entirely new systems. A case in point involves the use of metabolic machinery which is responsible for the gradient maintained between a cell’s internal and external environment. All differentiated cells actively maintain a selective ionic gradient across the cell membrane. When these cells are aggregated at the tissue level, a combination of epithelial cell-to- cell cohesion and polarity in the distribution of ionic pumps create and maintain appropriate internal salt and fluid levels within the tissue with respect to the external environment.
Expansion of cat-ELCCA for the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Pre-let-7-Lin28 RNA-Protein Interaction.

Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression has been linked to many human diseases; however, because of the challenges associated with RNA-targeted drug discovery, additional approaches are needed for probing miRNA biology. The emerging regulatory role of miRNA-binding proteins in miRNA maturation presents such an alternative strategy. Exploiting our laboratory’s click chemistry-based high-throughput screening (HTS) technology, catalytic enzyme-linked click chemistry assay or cat-ELCCA, we have designed a modular method by which to discover new chemical tools for manipulating pre-miRNA–miRNA–binding protein interactions. Using the pre-let-7d–Lin28 interaction as proof-of-concept, the results presented demonstrate how HTS using cat-ELCCA can enable the discovery of small molecules targeting RNA–protein interactions.
Longitudinal Relations Between Depressive Symptoms and Executive Functions From Adolescence to Early Adulthood: A Twin Study:

Depression is associated with deficits in executive functions (EFs)-cognitive control abilities that regulate goal-directed thoughts and actions-but the etiology of these associations is unclear. We examined the relations between depressive symptoms and multiple EF latent variables in a population-based sample of 439 twin pairs assessed at mean ages 12, 17, and 23 years. Greater depressive symptoms negatively related to a Common EF factor capturing shared variance across response inhibition, working memory updating, and mental set shifting tasks, and also negatively related to an Updating-Specific factor, but not a Shifting-Specific factor. Cross-lagged panel models suggested that the Common EF correlations reflected within-wave associations rather than prospective effects, whereas the Updating-Specific correlations reflected associations of earlier depression levels with later Updating-Specific ability. Twin models were consistent with a model in which Common EF and Updating-Specific abilities relate to depression through correlated genetic risk, with no significant environmental correlations.
Nutrients and immune responses.

Abstract A wide spectrum of nutritional deficiencies, ranging from trace elements to protein, can impair normal immunologic functions. Repletion of deficient nutrients generally will restore the immune response. Under some experimental conditions, single nutrient supplementation boosts immunity; however, some mega-dose therapies have been shown to suppress the immune response. Adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining the integrity of the immune system.
Prognostic impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection in colorectal cancer (CRC).

e15120Background: CMV is a widespread herpesvirus that lies latent in the majority of immunocompetent hosts but may reactivate and infect colon epithelium. Prior studies have identified CMV protein...
Bridging the gap in knowledge between dyspnoea scientists and clinicians

A study in the ERJ suggests that dyspnoea per se is a major clinical endpoint in a chain of events leading to physical disability http://ow.ly/QGEg30l6gfj
Bacterial Signal Transduction Systems in Antimicrobial Resistance

The ability to detect and respond in a timely fashion to environmental threats can determine whether a bacterial pathogen lives or dies. This detection and response to both host and bacterial-derived adversities is facilitated through microbial sensory and information relays commonly referred to as signal transduction systems. Signaling systems have been implicated in conferring resistance and/or tolerance to many antibiotics, especially to classes that target the cell envelope. The importance of these detection systems is evident from the nature of mutations observed within bacterial resistance-associated signaling genes detected within clinical isolates collected following antibiotic treatment. Although these bacterial signaling systems developed long before the clinical application of antimicrobials, in some cases they have evolved an expanded sensory role that now includes antimicrobials. Of particular interest is the ability of bacterial signaling systems to confer reversible resistance phenotypes, an act that saves precious cellular energy because they respond to host assaults only when the threat is present. This coordinated responsiveness then allows the pathogen to concentrate on other energy-requiring activities, such as acquiring nutrients and expressing virulence determinants. Given the importance of signaling systems in infection and resistance, some of these systems could potentially serve as novel antimicrobial targets.
Lightweight Deep Neural Network Accelerators Using Approximate SW/HW Techniques

Deep neural networks (DNNs) provide state-of-the-art accuracy performances in many application domains, such as computer vision and speech recognition. At the same time, DNNs require millions of expensive floating-point operations to process each input, which limit their applicability to resource-constrained systems that are limited in hardware design area or power consumption. Our goal is to devise lightweight, approximate accelerators for DNN accelerations that use less hardware resources with negligible reduction in accuracy. To simplify the hardware requirements, we analyze a spectrum of data precision methods ranging from fixed-point, dynamic fixed-point, powers-of-two to binary data precision. In conjunction, we provide new training methods to compensate for the simpler hardware resources. To boost the accuracy of the proposed lightweight accelerators, we describe ensemble processing techniques that use an ensemble of lightweight DNN accelerators to achieve the same or better accuracy than the original floating-point accelerator, while still using much less hardware resources. Using 65 nm technology libraries and industrial-strength design flow, we demonstrate a custom hardware accelerator design and training procedure which achieve low-power, low-latency while incurring insignificant accuracy degradation. We evaluate our design and technique on the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets and show that significant reduction in power and inference latency is realized.
Adolescent ownership of asthma health: A concept analysis

AIM This concept analysis was developed to produce a working definition regarding ownership of health in advanced practice nursing. BACKGROUND Ownership of health is a new concept developed in nursing. Adolescence is a time of learning identity and needed life skills for a chronic illness. Nurses can utilize this concept for improvement of outcomes for their adolescent patients. DESIGN/METHOD This concept analysis is based on Walker and Avant. DATA SOURCE AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE As ownership of health is new in nursing, a literature search was based on elements of Donnelley's Functional Mastery of Health Ownership nursing model. RESULTS Attributes (responsibility, self-efficacy, mastery/control, and self-image), model/contrary case, antecedents (awareness, willingness, desire, and acceptance), consequences, and empirical referents are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The definition of ownership is critical to both nursing and the advanced practice nurse. Adolescents are a special population of patients; learning how to both be independent and to care for their health. By employing a framework of ownership, adolescents can be more likely to thrive versus merely survive with asthma and the impact will go beyond the patients to their families and impact health outcomes as well.
Accuracy of Routine Prenatal Genetic Screening in Patients Referred for Genetic Counseling.

OBJECTIVE The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines recommend routine prenatal screening for genetic diseases that could affect the pregnancy. We sought to determine the rate of missed genetic information in the general obstetrician's routine prenatal genetic screening process. STUDY DESIGN This is a sequential case series of women referred for genetic counseling between March and August of 2015. Once identified, all women completed a personalized genetic history/exposure intake form (GHEF) created by our certified genetic counselors, followed by an in-person genetic counseling session with pedigree generation. The corresponding prenatal record was reviewed for genetic history obtained by the referring provider, most often utilizing the standardized ACOG prenatal intake form's genetic and family history sections. This information was then compared with that discovered in the GHEF and through the in-person genetic counseling session. Missed genetic information was defined as information discovered on the GHEF or during the in-person genetic counseling session which was not noted on the prenatal genetic screening document from the obstetric provider. Missing genetic information that lead to a change in clinical care, either through additional laboratory screening tests, fetal imaging or prenatal diagnostic testing through chorionic villus sampling, or amniocentesis was considered significant. We also assessed the study population as to maternal race, parity, and referral source. Statistical significance was assessed using Chi-squared testing with p < 0.05 identifying significance. RESULTS A total of 299 patients underwent genetic counseling. Of them, 57.5% patients were referred from private providers, 28.1% from academic faculty practice, and 14.4% from a federally funded clinic. Missed genetic information was discovered in 171/299 (57.2%) of patients in the genetic counseling process. Of these 171 patients, 28.7% were identified via the GHEF and 52.6% during the in-person genetic counseling session. Of the 171 patients who had new genetic information discovered, 73 (42.7%) findings were significant. There was no statistical difference in patient race or referring office setting in the occurrence of new information found. CONCLUSION In our population, genetic history obtained in the general obstetrician's office, regardless of practice type, missed genetic information in over half of cases with approximately 40% of that information leading to a subsequent change in clinical care. Developing a genetic intake form similar to our pregenetic counseling form, or modification/clarification of the "Family History and Genetic Screening" section within the standardized ACOG prenatal genetic history form, used at most practices in our region may decrease missed genetic information in the general obstetrician's office.
Student growth through goal setting

This mixed methods research study explored how goal setting influences student growth in reading fluency, motivation and self-efficacy of second through fifth graders at school in central Illinois. Literature suggests that student goal setting can have a positive impact on the academic development of a student. In addition to academic achievement, research found goal setting to affect self-efficacy and motivation. A combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was used to gather and evaluate students’ reading fluency scores. This data provided a starting point from which surveys were utilised to gain a more in-depth understanding between goal setting, self-efficacy and motivation. The results of the study indicate that interventions along with goal setting could increase reading achievement. The analysis supports the claim that goal setting can affect words read correctly, but not accuracy. The analysis also found that goal setting can influence student self-efficacy growth. These findings could provide classroom teachers with valuable information that would have an impact on student growth. Keywords: Elementary education, goal setting, reading fluency, self-efficacy, student growth
Response of an aerobic granular and conventional flocculated reactors against changing feed composition from simple composition to more complex.

Abstract This research evaluated the effect of changing feed composition on the performances of a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor operated simultaneously. Both reactors were initially fed with 100% synthetic feed. In a stepwise manner, the feed composition was slowly changed to real primary effluent collected from a local wastewater treatment plant. After an initial stabilization period, both reactors could achieve more than 90% NH4+-N removal. However, PO43--P removal eventually reached to a maximum of 92% in the AGS and 88% in the CAS. COD removal in both reactors was least affected, with the lowest percent removal of 81 ± 3% achieved in AGS and 62 ± 4% in CAS respectively when fed with 100% real wastewater. Despite granule breakage the AGS reactor was able to remove the pollutants (COD, N, P). The abundance of Candidatus Accumulibacter, a polyphosphate accumulating organism, in the AGS system increased over the operational phases: II (6.2%), III (10.32%), and IV (11.9%). While in CAS, it increased from phase I to phase II (12.6%), but decreased in phase III to 9.9%. Genus-based classification revealed a successive increase in the relative abundance of Nitrospira to 11.05% during Phase III and 10.3% during Phase IV in the AGS. In contrast with its presence in the CAS, which was, 3.4% during Phase III and 9.5% during Phase IV.
Knowledge Graph in Data Quality Evaluation for IoT applications

The IoT advancement raises concerns about the varying quality of data produced by IoT devices. Data quality (DQ) is an important concept that is used in the design and employment of information, data management, decision making, and engineering systems with multiple applications already available for solving specific problems. However, current approaches to DQ integration into the data management pipeline are limited to particular applications that harden their adoption in the IoT domain. This paper presents a generic framework that enables DQ evaluation incorporation in a broad spectrum of IoT applications. The framework is based on a knowledge graph that facilitates its adoption in new applications. The developed framework supports selecting the DQ metrics and implementing their integration calculus. The use case that validates the framework in solving real-life tasks is presented.
Results of a portfolio approach to intramural research funding at an academic medical center.

In response to stagnant Federal grant funding levels and to catalyze early stage or high-risk research not currently supported by the NIH, many academic medical centers (AMCs) provide supplemental intramural funding to faculty investigators. However, it can be challenging to decide how to deploy these funds for maximum impact. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis to explore trends in applications and awards associated with an institution-wide intramural funding center at a major U.S. AMC. From 2010 to 2017, the Brigham Research Institute at Brigham and Women’s Hospital awarded a total of 354 grants totaling over $9 million to affiliated researchers through six distinct and complementary grant programs. The number of applicants remained essentially stable, despite expansion of the funding program portfolio. Distribution of applicants and awardees by academic rank and gender generally reflected that of medical school faculty at large. This descriptive analysis demonstrates interest in a diverse range of intramural funding programs among AMC faculty, and a lack of overt rank or gender bias in the programs’ awardees. However, it highlights the institution’s need to better understand the amount of residual unmet demand for intramural funding; the degree to which underrepresented constituencies can and should be actively supported; and the “return on investment” of these grants.
Climate Tipping Points and Climate Irreversibility

In this chapter information is provided which indicates that increasing warming of the atmosphere due to continuing carbon emissions will cause a situation where a tipping point is reached which will make the climate change irreversible. The nature of these tipping points is explained in some detail.
Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Differential Item Functioning of the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-Management (PETS vs. 2.0): A Measure of Treatment Burden.

Purpose To examine the factor structure and differential item functioning (DIF) of the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management (PETS version 2.0), a measure of treatment burden. Patients and Methods Version 2.0 of the PETS has 60 items, extending the previously-validated 48-item version 1.0 by three domains (nine items) and three additional items in an existing domain. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on survey responses of 439 community-dwelling adults living with multiple chronic conditions who completed PETS version 2.0, using R packages, "lavaan" and "semTools." We tested fit of second-order factors to explore simplifying the reporting of PETS scores. We examined DIF for the two second-order factors with "lordif" R package, testing groups by gender, education, and health literacy, using the McFadden pseudo R2 change criterion of ≥0.02 to flag items with DIF. Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine the reliability of PETS domains. Results The first-order CFA model featuring 12 multi-item domains had an excellent fit (Comparative Fit Index [CFI]=0.989), as did the second-order CFA model (CFI=0.987), specifying two superordinate factors of treatment burden (workload and impact). Items in the workload and impact second-order factors did not show any DIF across gender, education, and health literacy groups as shown by McFadden pseudo R2 changes <0.02. Cronbach's alphas for all multi-item domain scales were ≥0.80, and ICCs of ten scales were ≥0.70, meeting the threshold for adequate test-retest reliability. Conclusion Findings support the construct validity and reliability of PETS version 2.0. The fit of a factor model featuring superordinate (ie, second-order) factors of workload and impact supports index scoring that will simplify reporting of PETS scores. DIF analyses indicate that items from these indices can be interpreted in the same way, regardless of gender, education, or health literacy.
Synergy between Protein Positioning and DNA Elasticity: Energy Minimization of Protein-Decorated DNA Minicircles.

The binding of proteins onto DNA contributes to the shaping and packaging of genome as well as to the expression of specific genetic messages. With a view to understanding the interplay between the presence of proteins and the deformation of DNA involved in such processes, we developed a new method to minimize the elastic energy of DNA fragments at the mesoscale level. Our method makes it possible to obtain the optimal pathways of protein-decorated DNA molecules for which the terminal base pairs are spatially constrained. We focus in this work on the deformations induced by selected architectural proteins on circular DNA. We report the energy landscapes of DNA minicircles subjected to different levels of torsional stress and containing one or two proteins as functions of the chain length and spacing between the proteins. Our results reveal cooperation between the elasticity of the double helix and the structural distortions of DNA induced by bound proteins. We find that the imposed mechanical stress influences the placement of proteins on DNA and that, the proteins, in turn, modulate the mechanical stress and thereby broadcast their presence along DNA.
A radical belief in all of us: an invitation to collective moral inquiry as democratic conversation

In this introductory essay we discuss Professor Bob Lake’s writing over the last several decades. While the substantive foci of that work have evolved over the years, a core concern for Lake has al...
Wallace’s Galileo and His Sources: Suppositional vs. Hypothetical Reasoning

This is a critical examination of William Wallace’s Galileo and His Sources: The Heritage of the Collegio Romano in Galileo’s Science (1984). I argue that Wallace’s book is a noteworthy contribution to the history of philosophy, the history of science, Medieval and Renaissance studies, and Galilean scholarship. In particular, Wallace establishes a significant connection between Galileo and the Jesuit Collegio Romano, thus suggesting an approach to the critical interpretation of the Galileo affair that is more judicious than the usual accounts. Moreover, Wallace emphasizes what he calls suppositional reasoning in both Galileo’s epistemological writings and his scientific work, thus strengthening the emerging appreciation of Galileo as a logician-in-action. However, questions remain about whether all science-vs-religion conflict can be really eliminated from the Galileo affair, and about whether Wallace’s concept of suppositional reasoning is really powerful enough to do away with other crucial forms such as demonstrative, hypothetical, and probable reasoning.
Language not auditory experience is related to parent-reported executive functioning in preschool-aged deaf and hard-of-hearing children.

Much research has found disrupted executive functioning (EF) in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; while some theories emphasize the role of auditory deprivation, others posit delayed language experience as the primary cause. This study investigated the role of language and auditory experience in parent-reported EF for 123 preschool-aged children (Mage = 60.1 months, 53.7% female, 84.6% White). Comparisons between DHH and typically hearing children exposed to language from birth (spoken or signed) showed no significant differences in EF despite drastic differences in auditory input. Linear models demonstrated that earlier language exposure predicted better EF (β = .061-.341), while earlier auditory exposure did not. Few participants exhibited clinically significant executive dysfunction. Results support theories positing that language, not auditory experience, scaffolds EF development.
Hybrid Recommender System for Detection of Rare Cases Applied to Pulsar Candidate Selection

Detection of extremely rare cases is a challenging problem for most machine learning algorithms, especially if class overlapping is present. In this paper we propose a hybrid recommender system that uses a target rare case to state users' requirements and ranks the candidates using a similarity function which is calculated as a weighted sum of individual feature similarities. Specifically, the weight of each feature is computed as a product of its association with the class label and the outlyingness of its value. We apply this hybrid recommender system on the radio pulsar candidate selection problem, for detection of two different types of rare cases: low signal-to-noise (S/N) pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). Our results show that the proposed approach successfully detects both low S/N pulsars and FRBs. When there is class overlapping, as in case of low S/N pulsars, treating rare feature values as outliers and increasing their weights in the similarity function improve the detection performance. For FRBs, which compared to the low S/N pulsars are relatively more distinguishable from the non-astrophysical signals, uniform weighting outperformed the feature-weighting methods. The proposed hybrid recommender system can be used in other application domains that share similar requirements such as high recall and face similar challenges such as class imbalance and class overlapping.
A transient lesion occupying the entire corpus callosum associated with neonatal hypoglycemia

A one-year-old girl, the product of an uncomplicated vaginal delivery presented on day 3 of life with complaints of poor sucking. She was hypotonic on examination and ultimately developed seizures. Laboratory examination revealed marked hypoglycemia (2 mg/dL). Rest of the investigations including serum electrolytes was normal but serum osmolality was not done at that time. Her symptoms resolved with glucose loading. The etiology of her hypoglycemia was unclear. Computerized tomography of the brain demonstrated bilateral low-density lesions in the occipital lobes on the 4th postnatal day. On postnatal day 17, diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain disclosed a high intensity lesion occupying the entire corpus callosum (Fig. 1), with an accompanying lesion in the occipital lobe present on a T2-weighted MRI (Fig. 2). The corpus callosum lesion resolved at three months of age. Presently the patient only has mild motor and intellectual developmental delay. Reversible lesions occupying the entire corpus callosum or the splenium, characterized by reduced diffu-
A Drosophila homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe act2 gene

Diverse proteins that are 35% to 55% identical to actins have been discovered recently in yeasts, nematodes, and vertebrates. In order to study these proteins systematically and relate their functions to those of conventional actins, we are isolating the corresponding genes from the genetically tractable eukaryote,Drosophila melanogaster. Here we report the isolation and partial characterization of aDrosophila homologue of theSchizosaccharomyces pombe act2 gene. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers specifying peptides that are highly conserved within the actin protein superfamily were used in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a portion of theDrosophila gene that we have namedactr66B. The corresponding full-length cDNA sequence encodes a protein of 418 residues that is 65% identical to the product of theS. pombe act2 gene, 80% identical to the bovineact2 homologue, but only 48% identical to the principalDrosophila cytoplasmic actin encoded by theAct5C actin gene. Alignment of the yeast, bovine, andDrosophila actin-related proteins shows that they have four peptide insertions, relative to conventional actins, three of which are well placed to modify actin polymerization and one that is likely to perturb the binding of myosin. Locations of two of the fiveactr66B introns are conserved betweenDrosophila and yeast genes, further attesting that they evolved from a common ancestor and are likely to encode proteins having similar functions. We demonstrate that theDrosophila gene is located on the left arm of chromosome 3, within subdivision 66B. Finally, we show by RNA blot-hybridization that the gene is expressed at low levels, relative to conventional nonmuscle actin, in all developmental stages. From these and other observations we infer that the actr66B protein is a minor component of all cells, perhaps serving to modify the polymerization, structure, and dynamic behavior of actin filaments.
A Hierarchical Document Retrieval Language

The focus of this work is on the development of a document retrieval language which attempts to enable users to better represent their requirements with respect to retrieved documents. We describe a framework for evaluating documents which allows, in the spirit of computing with words, a linguistic specification of the interrelationship between the desired attributes. This framework, which makes considerable use of the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator, also supports a hierarchical structure which allows for an increased expressiveness of queries.
Social Support and Social Anxiety in Use and Perceptions of Online Mental Health Resources: Exploring Social Compensation and Enhancement.

Abstract This study used the frameworks of social compensation and social enhancement to examine how social anxiety and social support were related to college students' (N=443) use and perceptions of online mental health resources (Web sites and online support groups). Potential interactions between social support and social anxiety were also examined. Consistent with the social compensation hypothesis, perceived usefulness of Web sites was positively associated with social support. Perceived usefulness of online support groups was positively associated with social support when participants reported average or high, but not low, social anxiety. In contrast, previous use of Web sites was consistent with the social compensation hypothesis. Participants who reported less social support were more likely to have used a Web site for a mental or emotional problem. These findings suggest that college students' use and perceptions of online mental health resources vary as a function of social support and social an...
Extending the expanded model of organizational identification to occupations

We extend Kreiner and Ashforth’s (2004) research on the expanded model of organizational identification to the occupational level of self. A survey of 251 customer service representatives from an Indian call center indicates that occupational identification, occupational disidentification, ambivalent occupational identification, and neutral occupational identification are empirically differentiable. Further, each form of identification in the expanded model was related to certain predictors from a set of ten situational and individual difference variables, and to certain outcomes from a set of five adjustment variables. The differing patterns of antecedents and outcomes for each form of occupational identification suggest that each form constitutes a relatively unique phenomenon.
The effect of diethylcarbamazine treatment of Bancroftian filariasis on the immunological reactivity of microfilaraemic individuals.

Abstract Patent filarial infection has been correlated with a profound suppression of humoral and cellular responses to filarial antigens. In the present study, the filarial antigen-specific humoral and cellular reactivity of 30 Haitian subjects with patent Wuchereria bancrofti infection was monitored before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. Microfilarial density was reduced from a pre-treatment mean of 1778/ml to 9/ml, with residual microfilaraemias detectable in 10 subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 of the 30 patients responded to an extract of Brugia pahangi before treatment, and this number increased to 25 after treatment. There was no significant change in the mean level of response to B. pahangi in patients who were responsive to filarial antigen before treatment; however, the mean responsiveness to B. pahangi of individuals who were classified as non-responders before treatment was significantly increased following treatment. Cellular reactivity to purified protein derivative and geometric mean titres to soluble B. pahangi , measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were unaffected by treatment. Similarly, most post-treatment sera did not recognize new B. pahangi bands on Western blots, compared to pre-treatment controls. These observations imply that the relationship between microfilariae and immuno-suppression is complex.