cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enoxaparin does not ameliorate limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective. Since low molecular weight heparin has greater bioavailability and sustained serum levels in vivo than unfractionated heparin, it has been used to supplant unfractionated heparin to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation in humans. These studies were designed to determine whether treatment with enoxaparin could protect murine skeletal muscle from ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods. C57BL6 mice were divided into four groups. Sham control animals underwent 90 min of anesthesia alone. All other groups underwent 90 min of unilateral hindlimb ischemia. At the onset of reperfusion, animals received either normal saline (control and saline) or 4 mg/kg of enoxaparin subcutaneously twice daily. Groups were followed for 24 or 48 h reperfusion. Hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow was measured by laser Doppler, and muscle was removed for histological and protein analysis. Tissue thrombosis was evaluated by thrombin antithrombin III (TAT III), local inflammation by measurement of proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2: MIP-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1: MCP-1), and neutrophil infiltration by myeloperoxidase (MPO) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma levels of Factor Xa were measured during reperfusion to confirm therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. Comparisons were calculated using analysis of variance. Results. At 24 h reperfusion, there was increased expression of MIP-2, MCP-1, MPO, and TAT III in saline and enoxaparin treated mice compared with control (*P < 0.05). By 48 h reperfusion, all parameters measured remained greater than control except for the enoxaparin treated mice whose TAT III levels were significantly less than untreated mice (P < 0.05). Despite documented therapeutic anticoagulation and decreased levels of markers of thrombosis in enoxaparin treated mice, there was no difference in tissue cytokines, inflammatory markers, degree of muscle fiber injury (31% 8% versus 30% 5%) or muscle flow between ischemia-reperfusion groups (2447 141 versus 2475 74 flux units) at 48 h reperfusion. Conclusions. Post hoc administration of enoxaparin did not affect local tissue thrombosis, inflammatory markers, or muscle necrosis. This suggests that despite its potent in vivo activity, enoxaparin did not modulate skeletal muscle injury, thrombosis, or inflammatory following ischemia reperfusion. enoxaparin may not be useful in mediating skeletal muscle injury when administered in a clinically relevant
Keyboards redux: fast mobile text entry

The most common style of text entry using a mobile phone's number pad is multitap, where multiple letters are mapped to the same key. We discuss twiddler chording, blind typing, and mini qwerty keyboards etc., for fast mobile text entry.
Research methodology used in studies of child disaster mental health interventions for posttraumatic stress

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, the development of community-based and clinical interventions to assist children and adolescents after a disaster has become an international priority. Clinicians and researchers have begun to scientifically evaluate these interventions despite challenging conditions. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the research methodology used in studies of child disaster mental health interventions for posttraumatic stress. METHOD: This scientifically rigorous analysis used standards for methodological rigor of psychosocial treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to examine 29 intervention studies. RESULTS: This analysis revealed that further refinement of methodology is needed to determine if certain intervention approaches are superior to other approaches and if they provide benefit beyond natural recovery. Most studies (93.1%) clearly described the interventions being tested or used manuals to guide application and most (89.7%) used standardized instruments to measure outcomes, and many used random assignment (69.0%) and provided assessor training (65.5%). Fewer studies used blinded assessment (44.8%) or measured treatment adherence (48.3%), and sample size in most studies (82.8%) was not adequate to detect small effects generally expected when comparing two active interventions. Moreover, it is unclear what constitutes meaningful change in relation to treatment especially for the numerous interventions administered to children in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results are inconclusive about which children, what settings, and what approaches are most likely to be beneficial. Language: en
Locomotor behavior of nocturnal ghost crabs on the beach: focal animal sampling and instantaneous velocity from three-dimensional motion analysis.

Previous laboratory measurements of the energetics and biomechanics of locomotion have defined performance limits for the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata. To discover whether these animals naturally operate within these limits, a novel infrared videotaping system was used to observe nocturnally active ghost crabs in the field for three-dimensional motion analysis (N = 27) and focal animal sampling (N = 24). Instantaneous movement velocity, movement duration, pause duration and stride frequency were determined from video tapes. Voluntarily active crabs moved at a mean instantaneous velocity of 8 cm s-1. Stressed crabs (i.e. those captured and released into the field site) moved at a mean velocity of 83 cm s-1. The mean movement and pause period durations of voluntarily active animals moving along the beach were 11.2 and 23.4 s, respectively. Stressed crabs had much shorter movement (1.4 s) and pause (7.6 s) durations. Despite the differences in mean movement and pause duration, both voluntarily active and stressed crabs moved for an average of approximately 30% of the observation period. These data indicate that voluntarily active ghost crabs primarily move at velocities that can be sustained aerobically and that their performance is not likely to be altered by moving intermittently. By contrast, stressed crabs move at faster speeds that are closer to the limits of their continuous locomotor performance (e.g. escape behavior and aggressive encounters). In the laboratory, the endurance capacity of crabs moving continuously at these rapid speeds is only a few seconds. However, in the field, the stressed crabs are able to move intermittently for more than a few seconds, yet they do not fatigue. These observations suggest that the performance limits of the stressed crabs are increased by moving intermittently.
Wavelet packet correlation methods in biometrics

We introduce wavelet packet correlation filter classifiers. Correlation filters are traditionally designed in the image domain by minimization of some criterion function of the image training set. Instead, we perform classification in wavelet spaces that have training set representations that provide better solutions to the optimization problem in the filter design. We propose a pruning algorithm to find these wavelet spaces by using a correlation energy cost function, and we describe a match score fusion algorithm for applying the filters trained across the packet tree. The proposed classification algorithm is suitable for any object-recognition task. We present results by implementing a biometric recognition system that uses the NIST 24 fingerprint database, and show that applying correlation filters in the wavelet domain results in considerable improvement of the standard correlation filter algorithm.
Conducting Intensive Interviews Using Email: A Serendipitous Comparative Opportunity.

This article examines the use of computer-mediated recruitment and email intensive interviewing in contrast to more traditional methods of data collection. Email interviewing is compared to telephone and face-to-face interviewing with the same study population utilizing the same interview guide. This allows analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each interview format to emerge. This serendipitous comparison opportunity arose from a study of the decision-making and bereavement process of women who terminated desired pregnancies after diagnosis of a fetal anomaly. History and analysis of ethical and methodological issues related to computerized communication for research purposes is included. Although more methodological analysis (Illingworth, 2001) must occur, results suggest that computer-mediated methods allow the research to include isolated, geographically dispersed and/or stigmatized groups who are often overlooked or ignored. This is important for social work researchers who need additional ...
Airborne polarimetric radar measurements of rainfall profiles

This work reports airborne Ku-band dual-polarization measurements of precipitation, acquired in three hurricanes during the Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) in 1998. Dual-polarization signatures in intense convective rain are seen at incidence angles as small as 20/spl deg/ off nadir. Dual-polarization rain estimates using the specific propagation differential phase shift are compared with single-polarization rain profiling algorithm results.
Magnetic Tracking System: Monitoring Heart Valve Prostheses

A magnetic tracking system for monitoring the performance and activity of mechanical heart valve prostheses has been developed. Physicians may find the system valuable in detecting thrombosis (blood clots), scar tissue, or other complications that may indicate life-threatening medical conditions, such as heart attacks, strokes, or aneurysms. In this paper, a disk-shaped NdFeB magnet comparable in size to the floating disk of a single-leaflet tilting disk valve was employed as a magnetic marker. The orientation of the marker was tracked using standard least-squares localization algorithms with data from two sets of three mutually orthogonal magnetic field sensors fixed in an imaging plane. The best fitting magnetic dipole moment of the magnetic marker was determined by 360 sensor measurements. The orientation of the magnet was analyzed by rotating the magnet about a single axis through a range of 90deg at three imaging planes (3-6 in. from the sensors). The results show that the estimation error between the physical measurements and field-based predictions of marker orientation is within 2deg over all the measured angles for distances up to 6 in. from the imaging plane. This finding suggests that with optimization, the motion of magnetized prosthetic heart valves can be determined with high accuracy by an array of magnetic field sensors placed on the surface of the skin.
Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan Employment Trends in the US: Recent Evidence and Implications

Employment trends are analysed for the period 1969-94 across metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas (disaggregated spatially) by region and by sector. The decentralisation story is persistent but complex. The 1980s turns out to be an aberration (and even in that period, suburban growth was stronger than central-city growth), because since 1988 the vigorous non-metropolitan growth of the 1970s has resumed, and now has a clear rural emphasis.
Helper function of rat spleen cells reactive with guinea pig serum.

Treatment of rat spleen cells with normal guinea pig serum (GPS) has been shown to produce a significant loss of responsiveness to stimulation with either Con A or PHA. This phenomenon was seen even when the spleen cells were triggered with mitogens up to 96 hr after treatment with GPS, suggesting that GPS had produced a long-lasting alteration in some cells or removed a cell subpopulation. Glass-wool non-adherent spleen cells, known to produce greater responses that unfractionated spleen cells, also had their responses to Con A and PHA reduced by GPS treatment though the response was still greater than that of untreated, unfractionated cells, suggesting that the actual responder cells had been spared by GPS. Suppressor cells did not appear to be the target of GPS because such an effect would have resulted in increased responsiveness and the opposite result was obtained. That a helper cell was affected by GPS was suggested by the following observations: a) the virtually unresponsive GPS-treated spleen cel...
A mathematical framework for asynchronous, distributed, decision-making systems with semi-autonomous entities: algorithm synthesis, simulation, and evaluation

For many military and civilian large-scale, real-world systems of interest, data are first acquired asynchronously, i.e. at irregular intervals of time, at geographically-dispersed sites, processed utilizing decision-making algorithms, and the processed data then disseminated to other appropriate sites. The term real-world refers to systems under computer control that relate to everyday life and are beneficial to the society in the large. The traditional approach to such problems consists of designing a central entity which collects all data, executes a decision making algorithm sequentially to yield the decisions, and propagates the decisions to the respective sites. Centralized decision making algorithms are slow and highly vulnerable to natural and artificial catastrophes. This paper proposes MFAD, a Mathematical Framework for Asynchronous, Distributed Systems, that permits the description of centralized decision-making algorithms and facilities the synthesis of distributed decision-making algorithms. MFAD is based on the Kohn-Nerode distributed hybrid control paradigm. It has been a belief that since the centralized control gathers every necessary data from all entities in the system and utilizes them to compute the decisions, the decisions may be "globally" optimal. In truth, however, as the frequency of the sensor data increases and the environment gets larger, dynamic, and more complex, the decisions are called into question.
R-Opus: A Composite Framework for Application Performability and QoS in Shared Resource Pools

We consider shared resource pool management taking into account per-application quality of service (QoS) requirements and server failures. Application QoS requirements are defined by complementary specifications for acceptable and time-limited degraded performance. Furthermore, a requirement specification is provided for both the normal case and for the case where an application server fails in the pool. Independently, the resource pool operator provides a resource access QoS commitment for two classes of service (CoS). These govern statistical multiplexing within the pool. A QoS translation automatically maps application demands onto the resource pools CoS to best enable sharing. A workload placement service consolidates applications to a small number of servers while satisfying application QoS requirements. The service reports whether a spare server is needed or how applications affected by a single failure can operate according to failure QoS constraints using remaining servers until the failure can be repaired. A case study demonstrates the approach.
Decisions about drug treatment in children.

This article investigates factors that influence child psychiatrists' decisions about drug treatment of children with psychiatric disturbances. Brief vignettes provide descriptions of nine hypothetical patients representing different clinical syndromes. Twenty-five child psychiatrists provided preference ranking for 13 commonly used psychotropic drugs with regard to each type of patient. The results suggest three distinct child treatment populations for which different classes of drugs are preferred: thinking disorders, depression, and attention deficit disorder. Within these major populations, choice among the antipsychotic medications tended to be influenced by the presence and degree of concomitant depression. While many psychiatrists were not apt to treat depressed children with antidepressants, these drugs were relatively preferred in the treatment of withdrawn or retarded depressions. For a substantial portion of the child psychiatrists, choice of drugs for the treatment of attention deficit disorder appeared to be influenced by age of the patient. The child psychiatrists differed greatly in overall endorsement of drug use across all types of patients. Psychotic thought disorders, followed by attention deficit disorders, were the cases in which medication was most often preferred.
Localization and histochemical correlation of 73As by whole-body autoradiography in mice.

Whole‐body sagittal sections of mice administered [73As/H3AsO4 intravenously were processed for autoradiography and histochemistry for glucose‐6‐phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase. The intense localization of 73As in bone, kidney cortex, intestinal mucosa, and hair follicles corresponded exactly with the histochemical activity of glucose‐6‐phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in sections containing no arsenic. The activity of glucose‐6‐phosphatase was inhibited in all of these sites in sections containing arsenic.
Luteinizing hormone in nutrient-restricted ovariectomized ewes.

This study was designed to evaluate profiles of serum concentrations of LH, pituitary content of LH and GnRH receptors, and hypothalamic content of GnRH in undernourished, ovariectomized ewes. In earlier studies, pulsatile secretion of LH diminished as duration of undernutrition progressed in prepubertal or adult ovariectomized ewes. Ewes having similar body condition scores (CS) of 5 to 9 (1 = extremely thin, 5 = moderate, 9 = obese) were fed maintenance or low-energy diets (100% and 60% of NRC requirements, respectively). Blood samples for analysis of LH were collected at 15-min intervals for 4 h at initiation of the project and immediately prior to slaughter. Serum concentrations of LH did not differ (P greater than .05) among groups at the initial sampling period. At slaughter, ewes with CS less than or equal to 2 (n = 7) had lost 26.8 kg (42% of initial weight). Ewes with CS greater than or equal to 3 (n = 12) had lost an average of 13.7 kg (18% of initial weight). Concentrations of LH in ewes with final CS greater than or equal to 3 was similar (P greater than .05) to that observed during the initial sampling period. However, release of LH was reduced (P less than .01) in ewes with CS less than or equal to 2 compared with ewes with CS greater than or equal to 3 (2.6 vs 9.5 and 3.2 vs 10.5 ng/ml for basal and mean concentrations, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Characterization

Carbon can form various types of structurally different frameworks due to the ability of the carbon atoms to form different species of valence bonds. The extremely organized coagulation process of carbon molecules resulting in the formation of the perfectly symmetric fullerene molecule despite the chaotic environment of the carbon arc is truly fascinating. Although many formation theories for the buckyball structure have been suggested, the “pentagon road model” is the most popular amongst many molecular physicists. The prominent features of this model are that carbon sheets have the tendency to accumulate isolated pentagonal carbon ring structures and grow into a carbon sheet with a large number of pentagons supporting its structure.
Community Science: Capitalizing on Local Ways of Enacting Science in Science Education

Framing community science as science that is found and used in localized ways, I review research on science education in local contexts. Inclusive of terms like indigenous science, place-based science, informal science, and urban science, I highlight projects and research in science education that emerged from topics relevant to the local community. First, I define and describe community science. Then I use examples from science education projects and research to make a case for the effectiveness of community science in science teaching and learning. Lastly, with the increasingly global nature of scientific issues (especially pertaining to sustainability), I discuss sustainability science education as related to Community Science.
Adaptive optics microscopy enhances image quality in deep layers of CLARITY processed brains of YFP-H mice

Optical sectioning of biological tissues has become the method of choice for three-dimensional histological analyses. This is particularly important in the brain were neurons can extend processes over large distances and often whole brain tracing of neuronal processes is desirable. To allow deeper optical penetration, which in fixed tissue is limited by scattering and refractive index mismatching, tissue-clearing procedures such as CLARITY have been developed. CLARITY processed brains have a nearly uniform refractive index and three-dimensional reconstructions at cellular resolution have been published. However, when imaging in deep layers at submicron resolution some limitations caused by residual refractive index mismatching become apparent, as the resulting wavefront aberrations distort the microscopic image. The wavefront can be corrected with adaptive optics. Here, we investigate the wavefront aberrations at different depths in CLARITY processed mouse brains and demonstrate the potential of adaptive optics to enable higher resolution and a better signal-to-noise ratio. Our adaptive optics system achieves high-speed measurement and correction of the wavefront with an open-loop control using a wave front sensor and a deformable mirror. Using adaptive optics enhanced microscopy, we demonstrate improved image quality wavefront, point spread function, and signal to noise in the cortex of YFP-H mice.
POLO: parallel optical links for workstation clusters and switching systems

A collaborative effort by the POLO (Parallel Optical Link Organization) Consortium to develop a 10-20-Gbit/s parallel optical link is described. The goal is to demonstrate a parallel- optical-link module that has a clear performance advantage over electrical interconnections and that uses components and packaging technologies that are potentially inexpensive. The members of the POLO Consortium include Hewlett-Packard, AMP, DuPont, and USC. The components that are integrated into the POLO interconnect module are vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), polymer optical waveguides, PIN detector arrays, high-speed ceramic packaging, and bipolar silicon transceiver electronics. The POLO module will be connectorized for use with a duplex ribbon fiber connector. An application platform for the POLO module will be provided by the development of a workstation host interface chip set.
270. Charakterisierung und Behandlung von Abstossungskrisen nach Lebertransplantation

Klinische Merkmale von Abstossungskrisen sowie ihre Ansprechrate auf Behandlung wurden nach 34 Lebertransplantationen in 31 Patienten retrospektiv ausgewertet. 38 Abstossungskrisen wurden diagnostiziert, von denen 34 behandelt wurden. Transplantatfunktionsstorungen wurden durch klinisch-chemische Tests, Leberbiopsien und nuclearmedizinische Untersuchungen diagnostiziert. Durch Steroidbolustherapie (3 x 500 mg) konnten 19/24 (79%) akute Abstossungskrisen behandelt werden und 5/14 (36%) Wiederholungsabstossungen. Bei steroidresistenten Abstossungen konnte eine ALG-Therapie 4/5 erste und 5/8 Rezidivabstossungen kontrollieren. Transplantatverluste infolge irreversibler Abstossungen traten bei 5/34 Transplantaten auf (15%). Infolge der hohen Ansprechrate empfiehlt sich die Steroidbolusbehandlung als Initialtherapie. Polyklonale Antikorperbehandlung ( ALG-Praparate) empfiehlt sich bei steroidresistenten und Wiederholungsabstossungen. Transplantatverluste durch irreversible Abstossungen bleiben mit 15% Incidenz ein wesentliches Problem und rfordern fruhe Entscheidung zur Retransplantation.
Abstract 676: Serological levels of folate at birth and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A role for folate in the etiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has long been suspected due to folate9s dual role in control of DNA methylation as well as maintenance of DNA synthesis. Case-control studies examining self-reported maternal folate intake and supplementation during pregnancy have been inconclusive. Furthermore, while studies of children9s own folate metabolism and transport genes have identified potential disease loci, the results have been mixed on the whole. A child9s exposure to folate in utero is modulated by a number of factors, including maternal intake/supplementation, maternal genes, and child9s genes. Therefore, we examined the role of folate in childhood ALL risk more directly by utilizing a quantitative microbiologic assay to measure newborn red blood cell folate levels in archived dried bloodspots collected at birth from 319 incident cases and 413 matched population-based controls who enrolled in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study between 1995 and 2002. After adjustment for income, race/ethnicity, gender, and age, we found no difference in newborn folate levels between cases and controls overall (971 vs. 968 nmol/L, p=0.94). In addition, no differences between cases and controls were observed after stratification by birth year to account for the start of folate fortification of grain products in the US (1982-1994: 953 vs. 952 nmol/L, p=0.98; 1995-1998: 1018 vs. 975 nmol/L, p=0.34; and 1999-2002: 878 vs. 990 nmol/L, p=0.23). Children whose mothers reported pre-pregnancy supplement use had somewhat higher newborn folate levels overall, but we observed no case-control differences in folate levels after stratification by supplement use. Our results do not support an association between folate levels at birth and risk of childhood ALL. However, our results do not rule out a role for folate exposures after birth. Future epidemiologic studies of childhood ALL should pay particular attention to post-natal folate exposures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 676. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-676
The Influence of German Legal Theory on American Law: The Heritage of Savigny and His Disciples

The celebrations in Berlin commemorating the 75th anniversary of its founding have induced the Law School of the University of California to celebrate the establishment of the Law Faculty of the University of Berlin in 1810. We felt it was appropriate to pay tribute to the distinguished members of that group and to the impact of their work on legal thought beyond the confines of Prussia and Germany and in particular on that in the United States.
Luxury brand advertising in Argentina: Changes following import restrictions

AbstractThis study explores how the change of an economic policy affects advertising practices in Argentina. A content analysis of luxury brand ads placed in fashion magazines in Argentina was conducted to investigate changes in the ads in the wake of the import restrictions. The data supports the notion that some ads reflect societal changes. After the restrictions, ads were more likely to be factual, less likely to convey emotional messages, and ad appeals tended to be simple. Additionally, findings indicate that ads used different visual cues to evoke stronger exclusivity, luxuriousness, and global feelings. Ad components that are deeply rooted in local cultures, however, were not influenced by the restrictions.
Folate transport and binding by cultured human proximal tubule cells.

Because mechanisms for the renal regulation of folate excretion are poorly understood, a cell culture system representative of the human proximal tubule (HPT) was used for studies of renal folate t...
The Ubiquity of Idealization and Its Logic

There are three main goals that constitute the primary foci of this chapter. The first goal is to establish the groundwork of an argument for the claim that the presence of idealizing assumptions in physical theory is perfectly compatible with a suitably understood scientific realism. This goal will be pursued at length in this chapter, but the argument for this conclusion will not find its full presentation until Chapter 4. The second goal of the chapter will be to argue that idealizing theories ought to be treated as a special kind of counterfactual conditional. The third and final goal of the chapter will be to introduce a suitable logic for the regimentation of these sorts of idealizing claims and an account of their truth conditions.
Carbon dioxide fluxes in moist and dry arctic tundra during the snow-free season: responses to increases in summer temperature and winter snow accumulation

Climate-induced environmental changes are likely to have pronounced impacts on CO2 flux patterns in arctic ecosystems. We initiated a long-term experiment in 1994 in moist tussock and dry heath tun...
Estimating the three dimensional structure of heterogeneous forests using multi-modal remote sensing and sensor extrapolation techniques

Data synergy or fusion is a mechanism whereby discrete types of data are used together to achieve a better understanding than was possible with each individually. Spanning over 30% of the Earth's landmass, the global forest plays a significant role in numerous planetary systems including the carbon cycle. This paper presents a novel approach to estimating forest aboveground biomass and mean canopy height with minimal required ancillary ground measurements. We present a dynamic database driven model wherein a simulated forest is generated on the fly and is iteratively modified to find not only the canopy height and biomass, but also to approximate the stand's species composition. This approach relies heavily on our sensor simulators, including our fractal-based tree geometry generator, as well as SAR, IfSAR, LiDAR, and Optical simulators. We propose to validate our approach in the Harvard Forest, a heavily studied region in central Massachusetts.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Outcome in Cervical Cancer After Chemoradiation

Purpose To determine whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is predictive of survival after definitive chemoradiation for cervical cancer independent of established imaging and clinical prognostic factors. Methods and Materials Between 2011 and 2013, the pretreatment MRI scans for 69 patients treated with definitive chemoradiation for newly diagnosed cervical cancer were retrieved. Scans were acquired with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner, including diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Mean ADC value was measured within a region of interest in the primary cervical cancer on the baseline MRI scan. Baseline tumor maximum standardized uptake value on positron emission tomography/computed tomography was determined by the reading radiologist. Treatment included external beam radiation therapy to the pelvis followed by brachytherapy in 97%, and with concurrent weekly cisplatin in 99% of patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to investigate the association of clinical and imaging variables with disease control and survival endpoints using a Cox proportional hazard test. Results Median follow-up was 16.7 months (range, 3.1-44.2 months). The 1-year overall survival, locoregional recurrence–free survival, and disease-free survival rates were 91%, 86%, and 74%, respectively. The median ADC value was 0.941 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s (range, 0.256-1.508 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s). The median standardized uptake value in the primary tumor was 15 (range, 6.2-43.4). In multivariate analysis, higher ADC value (hazard ratio [HR] 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.85, P =.02), higher stage (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.5, P =.033), and nonsquamous histology (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.82, P =.024) were independent predictors of disease-free survival. Conclusions The mean ADC value of the primary tumor on pretreatment MRI was the only imaging feature that was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. Further validation will be needed to determine whether ADC values may prove useful in identifying cervical patients at high risk of recurrence.
Stramonium poisoning: A review of the literature and report of two cases

Summary Historical references to the use of stramonium are noted, and the recent literature has been reviewed with respect to the biology and pharmacology of the drug together with the incidence, symptomatology, and treatment to be followed in cases of poisoning resulting from its ingestion. Two cases of stramonium poisoning in children, with complete recovery, are reported.
Unique influences of cognitive and affective customer-company identification

Abstract Recent research suggests both the cognitive and affective dimensions of customer-company identification (CCI) influence outcomes of interest such as customer loyalty. Yet no research has empirically examined whether there are separate firm influenced drivers of the cognitive (CCI Cog ) and affective (CCI Aff ) dimensions of CCI. The current research examines how two sets of drivers, symbolic and social, uniquely affect CCI Cog and CCI Aff in comparison to 21 control variables. The results suggest CCI Cog is primarily influenced by antecedents that assist in self-definition (e.g., identity similarity and in-group ties) whereas CCI Aff is primarily influenced by antecedents that assist in self-evaluation (e.g., organizational prestige and in-group bond). In addition, social drivers enhance the effect of symbolic drivers on CCI Cog whereas social drivers attenuate the effect of symbolic drivers on CCI Aff .
Turbulence-Generated Noise

Turbulence-generated noise is an important issue in several technical applications including turbomachinery, rotor-craft, inlets, nozzles, ducts, mixer-ejectors, and jet noise. The recent growing interest in turbulence noise is largely due to efforts to develop a high-speed civil transport plane. The success of this new technology is contingent upon reducing its jet exhaust noise. This noise is generated by the time-dependent turbulence fluctuations in the near field which are associated with pressure fluctuations that propagate to the far-field producing the radiated sound.
Efficient chaff-aided obfuscation in resource constrained environments

This work considers the use of obfuscation against a global eavesdropper in a resource-constrained environment. We assume a network where network traffic (queries) is not always present on the network but is stochastic in nature. Even if the traffic is encrypted and the payload of packets are secure, under the threat of a passive adversary, activity over the links might be subjected to traffic analysis through network monitoring. To counter leakage of contextual information to such an adversary, the operator is able to mask the presence of traffic over a link if it normalizes link activity by adding chaffs. However, adding chaff to all links all the time might consume too much of the operators resources. Similarly, the adversary may try to eavesdrop over all links to observe any traffic pattern change to perform analysis. However, due to the bursty nature of link traffic and the high cost of operating and collecting information from all eavesdropping units, the adversary might not want or be able to operate all eavesdroppers simultaneously. The possibility that links may not be subject to eavesdropping might lead the operator to being more lenient in the use of chaff packets. If we incorporate operational (e.g. cost of chaffs) plus contextual (obfuscation score) costs as payoffs, we highlight the existence of a mixed strategy equilibria for employing chaff. The goal of this paper is to construct a two-player game that characterize the proper amount of chaff deployment given varying eavesdropping strategies. Several basic network examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this mixed strategy which can be extended into larger scenarios. Our analysis uncovers counter-intuitive insights on the areas of the network for the adversary to eavesdrop. We also identify conditions for existence of pure strategy Nash Equilibrium for various settings like a two-hop network.
Experimental Modal Analysis on a Tyre - Lessons Learned

Extracting the mode shapes of a tyre can be very challenging, particularly for the transverse and the longitudinal mode shapes. The current paper presents results for experimental modal analysis (EMA) tests on a tyre using both an impact hammer and an electro-dynamic shaker. The radial modes of the tyre were excited using a modal impact hammer. The possibility of using a narrow metal screw that could be attached to the modal impact hammer to excite the transverse and torsional mode shapes of the tyre was studied. The advantages and drawbacks of using a mechanical shaker to excite the structure and using roving accelerometers to measure the response were also studied. This study also describes a method to extract the repeated roots of a tyre using the experimental modal analysis. The current paper summarises the lessons learned from different experiment cases that were performed to extract mode shapes of a tyre.
Endothelial biomarkers in human sepsis: pathogenesis and prognosis for ARDS:

Experimental models of sepsis in small and large animals and a variety of in vitro preparations have established several basic mechanisms that drive endothelial injury. This review is focused on wh...
Adaptations in the Delivery of School Social Work Services

The focus of work with pupils must be shifted from an emphasis on emotion, motivation, and personality toward learning, thinking, and problem solving
Sebo-pharmacokinetics: a proposed percutaneous sebum egression method.

Background/aims The sebaceous gland is widely believed a critical factor in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Although extensive studies document the ability of oral and topical treatments to improve acne, little is known about the quantification and mechanism of drug delivery via the sebaceous gland. A percutaneous egression method presents a way to study how drugs reaching the bloodstream can enter the skin. Methods A literature search was performed across databases (PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar) and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) textbook library with relevant search terms. Results This search failed to reveal data on sebo-pharmacokinetics (PK); however, many articles center on pharmacodynamics (PD) - i.e. functional improvement instigated by oral or topical treatments. Experiments on humans and hamsters - representative sebaceous gland models - demonstrate indirect PD measures of sebaceous gland function. Discussion Here, we summarize the current available data on drug delivery via the sebaceous gland and suggest a practical method to directly document sebo-PK in man and animal.
Poverty Elimination Through Tourism Dynamics

This chapter focuses on poverty elimination through tourism dynamics. The tourism sector, it is argued, offers a well-structured road through which developing countries can both effectively work as an instrument to reduce or even eliminate poverty and enhance the level of economic growth. The proposed hypothesis of tourism expansion-led poverty reduction framework is integrated in a continuum paradigm. As such, a tourism destination needs to harness and manage well the elements of the continuum dynamics of the competitive tourism management framework. As suggested by the overwhelming evidence, socialists, capitalists, communists, developed and developing countries, small islands, and least developed countries have followed the route of tourism as a priority instrument of economic growth and development and compete ferociously in the international market to transport more tourists to their tourism destinations. In tourism, there is no need for tourism negotiations; the borders already have been, still are, and will remain opened up, and with both money and passport, barriers are nonexistent and the dollar is spread all over the geographical configuration of a destination. All these democratize the dollar and build echo back and echo forward linkages of people between the residents of the origin market and the tourism destination.
A Framework for Social Justice in Renewable Energy Engineering

Engineering practitioners and critics of technology alike frequently claim that core values informing the structure and operation of the engineering profession in the U.S., such as mathematical problem-solving and analytic reasoning, are in conflict with values of social justice. However, there is hardly any documented evidence to measure the presence and practice of social justice in Renewable Energy Engineering (REE), a burgeoning field, whose development is essential to building a sustainable future. This chapter presents information regarding the identification of key engineering skills presently required in the U.S. REE context, drawing on 30 open-ended, semi structured, interviews conducted with educators and professionals who are involved with solar or wind energy engineering. This chapter aims to explore questions of why, how, by whom, and for whom assumptions about the attributes of solar and wind energy engineers are built into the engineering curriculum. Specifically, it invites reflection on the design of teaching strategies and technical methodologies used to integrate these attributes within engineering education and practice. Having outlined the social justice challenges of REE, I argue for the importance of a procedural justice framework for REE projects.
Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation blocks asthma in mice (HYP2P.340)

Background: There has been a growing appreciation for the role of energy metabolic pathways in the differentiation and function of immune cells. Unpublished findings from our laboratory suggest that inhibiting fatty acid oxidation (FAO) modulates the activation and function of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, indicating a potentially important role for FAO in inflammation and thus inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that FAO plays an important role in asthma manifestation. Methods: Etomoxir, an inhibitor of the FAO rate-limiting enzyme carnithine palmitoyltransferase-1, was used to test our hypothesis in an ovalbumin-based murine model of asthma. Results: Etomoxir treatment thirty minutes after ovalbumin challenge resulted in a significant reduction in the recruitment of eosinophils and macrophages into the lungs without a prominent effect on the total number of lymphocytes. Etomoxir treatment also prevented ovalbumin-induced hyperresponsiveness. The protective effects of etomoxir were associated with a decrease in Th2 cytokines and ovalbumin-specific IgE production. Additionally, the frequency of splenic macrophages was lower in etomoxir-treated mice, compared with control. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest the inhibition of FAO as a likely strategy to block asthma traits. As such, we are currently uncovering the mechanisms by which FAO inhibition reduces the pathogenesis of asthma.
Safety and feasibility of outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with primary central nervous system tumors.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) is a well-established treatment for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Given the risks of toxicity and infection, pediatric autoHSCT has been historically performed on hospitalized children. As our practice evolved, some patients were transplanted as outpatients. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 37 patients who received 90 transplant procedures (49 outpatient and 41 inpatient) at Children’s Hospital Colorado. The most common primary diagnosis was medulloblastoma (51.4%). Of the patients transplanted as outpatients, 69.4% were admitted for fever and neutropenia and had a median time to hospitalization of day +6, with fever and neutropenia being the most common reasons for admission. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was the same in both cohorts, 11 days. Median time to platelet engraftment was 13 days (8–82 days) vs 16 days (8–106 days) (p = 0.0008). At day +100, the transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 0% for both the cohorts. At a median follow-up of 1.7 years, overall survival (OS) for all patients was 66.1% and TRM was 0% for both the cohorts. Outpatient autoHSCT for properly selected children with CNS tumors is safe and effective.
Flow Division at a Free-Surface, Three-Channel Intersection Using 1D Shallow Water Equations

One of the numerical techniques to treat the problem of free-surface flow division at a 90°, equal-width, three-channel junction is based on using a 1D shallow water equations model in tandem with a zero-crest height side weir model to simulate the outflow to the side channel (Kesserwani et al. in J Hydraul Eng 136(9):662–668, 2010; Ghostine et al. in Appl Math Comput 219:5070–5082, 2013). This method in subcritical flow case is put to test because of downstream backwater effect from the side channel which requires using the Villemonte equation to suitably reduce the flow due to weir submergence. This methodology is problematic as VE requires the downstream flow depth which lies outside the domain modeled. To overcome it, we proposed a new methodology which used the lateral weir height in the side channel as weir crest height at the junction instead of zero-crest height, thus obviating the need to use the Villemont equation. As the flow conditions at the junction can vary, the study uses a robust model based on an explicit, finite-volume technique, employing approximate Riemann solver of Roe for the simulation. The model is evaluated by comparing it with experimental, theoretical and 3D numerical model data in super-, trans- and subcritical flow regimes. For all the cases, the maximum error in the model predicted outflow ratio to side channel remained below 8%, while the max root-mean-squared error did not exceed 3.53%. The model performed satisfactorily, combining accuracy and computational efficiency.
Routing Complexity Minimization of Monolithic Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integration provides the most fine-grained integration of transistors. Monolithic inter-tier vias (MIVs) used for inter-tier electrical connections in monolithic 3D integrated circuits (ICs) are as small as local vias, so parasitic resistance and capacitance of an MIV is much smaller than that of a through-silicon via (TSV). In addition, MIVs are much smaller than TSVs, so many MIVs can be inserted into a layout while enabling very high bandwidth between adjacent tiers. Thus, monolithic 3D ICs have been actively researched in the literature recently. In this paper, we proposes a gate composition algorithm to reduce the runtime for routing of monolithic 3D ICs. Simulation results show that the gate composition algorithm reduces the runtime by 11% to 76%.
First Direct Reductive Amination of Mucochloric Acid: A Simple and Efficient Method for Preparing Highly Functionalized α,β-Unsaturated γ-Butyrolactams

The first direct reductive amination of mucochloric acid (1) has been accomplished. Reaction of 1 with various alkyl, aryl, and benzylamines, followed by reduction in the same pot, provides an efficient method of obtaining N-benzyl-3,4-dichloro-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one and N-aryl (or alkyl)-3,4-dichloro-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-ones.