cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of developmental timing by small temporal RNAs: a paradigm for RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression.

Heterochronic genes control the timing of developmental programs. In C. elegans, two key genes in the heterochronic pathway, lin-4 and let-7, encode small temporally expressed RNAs (stRNAs) that are not translated into protein. These stRNAs exert negative post-transcriptional regulation by binding to complementary sequences in the 3′ untranslated regions of their target genes. stRNAs are transcribed as longer precursor RNAs that are processed by the RNase Dicer/DCR-1 and members of the RDE-1/AGO1 family of proteins, which are better known for their roles in RNA interference (RNAi). However, stRNA function appears unrelated to RNAi. Both sequence and temporal regulation of let-7 stRNA is conserved in other animal species suggesting that this is an evolutionarily ancient gene. Indeed, C. elegans, Drosophila and humans encode at least 86 other RNAs with similar structural features to lin-4 and let-7. We postulate that other small non-coding RNAs may function as stRNAs to control temporal identity during development in C. elegans and other organisms. BioEssays 24:119–129, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential transcription of the bla regulatory region during induction of β-lactamase in Bacillus licheniformis

Induction of β-lactamase (blaP) in Bacillus licheniformis involves the regulatory genes blaI (repressor), blaR1 (coinducer) and R2 (function unknown). Transcription of the bla genes during induction was followed by Northern hybridization. In the first 30 min 2.3-kb transcripts encoding blaI and blaR1 were present. Subsequently, blaP mRNA and short transcripts encoding only blaI accumulated and reached a peak at 1 h. All bla transcripts turn over rapidly. Active repressor is not required for the burst of blaI-blaR1 mRNA. The production of blaI-blaR1 mRNA, and thus of BlaR1, is probably controlled both at initiation of transcription and at a later step in its synthesis and degradation.
A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE HAMSTER OVARY.

The hamster ovary has been studied histochemically for various lipids. The granulosa cells of normal follicles contain lipid bodies of various sizes composed mainly of phospholipids. Some lipid bodies also contain triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters. The theca cells contain lipid granules consisting of phospholipids. At the onset of atresia, the granulosa stores lipids abundantly which consist of triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters and a slight amount of phospholipids. The theca of atretic follicles, also stores lipids consisting of phospholipids first, and then in sequence phospholipids and triglycerides and finally phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters. The theca hypertrophies and persists to form the interstitial gland whereas the granulosa cells, with their lipid droplets, regress and disappear. The interstitial gland in the hamster ovary occurs as patches of various sizes and these are derived from the theca of atretic preantral and antral follicles. Most of the lipid droplets of the interstitial gland, are mobilized within the preovulatory ovary. The replenishment of lipid droplets begins on day 1 of the cycle (metestrus). On day 2, the interstitial gland is again filled with lipid droplets which are rich in cholesterol and its esters, triglycerides and phospholipids. In ovaries treated with pregnant mare's serum (PMS) on each of the days of the estrous cycle, numerous large preantral follicles having 4–7 layered granulosa, are stimulated to ovulate. Normally such follicles become atretic, indicating that a lack of sufficient endogenous pituitary gonadotrophins prevents these follicles from maturing. Neutral lipids, especially cholesterol and its esters, could not be demonstrated in the normal granulosa in the PMS-treated ovaries. The follicles, which were atretic at the time of injections, were not affected by exogenous hormones. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) did not conspicuously affect the growth of follicles. Both PMS and HCG caused mobilization of lipid droplets from the interstitial gland.
Direct Measurement of the Dielectric Constants of Silicon and Germanium

Direct measurements of dielectric constants of silicon and germanium between 500 cps and 30 Mc/sec have been made. Small parallel-plate condensers were made from samples of these elements after doping with gold so as to produce high-resistivity material ($\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{7}$ ohm cm for germanium at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, g${10}^{10}$ ohm cm for silicon). The dielectric constant of silicon (at 1 Mc/sec) was taken to be 11.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2, of germanium 15.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2. The dielectric constant of silicon is constant to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 percent over the range 500 cps-30 Mc/sec, whereas germanium, because of its lower resistivity, has a much greater apparent variation of dielectric constant with frequency.
Grantsmanship and career development for gynecologic cancer investigators.

The gynecologic cancer investigator faces many challenges. Successful career development requires choosing commitments wisely after completing clinical training, earning board certification, and completing a fellowship. Finding protected time for research requires cooperation from the department chair, and lining up funding for research begins with the researcher's own institution and stretches as far away as European funding groups. State and federal agencies, particularly the National Cancer Institute, offer a wide range of opportunities to obtain funding and to seek information about how to shape research and applications. Professional societies and charities also fund initiatives. Advantages of working with a clinical trials cooperative group include large fund reserves, centralized data management, statistical support, the potential of rapid accrual from multiple sites, and an established infrastructure. Seeking multiple sources of funding probably is wise, and meeting grant deadlines requires organization and planning. Working with industry requires legal review; avoiding conflict of interest; working with appropriate federal agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and careful review of contractual agreements. Today's successful investigator who wants to reduce the burden of cervical cancer seeks funding from multiple sources, including industry; makes use of the consulting advice available from state and federal governments and nonprofit organizations; establishes clear channels of communication; and consults appropriate legal and scientific advisors in planning a trial. Developing a successful academic career with a focus on research in gynecologic cancer requires planning and a supportive environment.
HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (Hb) DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACKS AND CAUCASIANS: GENETIC OR ENVIRONMENTAL?

Blacks have a Hb 0.5 to 1.0 g/dl lower than that of income-matched caucasians in several large surveys. This difference could be a racial characteristic of blacks or it might be due to a higher frequency of genetic traits such as thalassemia minor and hemoglobinopathies or to environmental factors such as iron deficiency. To help in making this distinction, we analyzed the data from multiphasic examinations (1973-75) on 1718 caucasians and 741 black, healthy, non-indigent children between 5 and 14 yr of age. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skin fold thickness), Hb, red cell indices and Hb electrophoresis were analyzed. In the entire population, the median Hb at each age averaged 0.5 g lower in blacks than in caucasians of both sexes (p<0.001). The difference still averaged 0.5 g/dl (p<0.001) after exclusion of all those with abnormal Hb electrophoresis (Hb S and C) and those whose mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was more than 5% below the normal mean for age (to exclude iron deficiency or thalassemia minor). Abnormal Hb was found in 1% of caucasians and 12% of blacks. Exclusions based on MCV were made in 10% of Caucasians and 21% of blacks. There was no association between obesity and Hb. The data strengthen the impression that blacks normally have a Hb about 0.5 g/dl less than in caucasians. If this proves to be the case, 10% of normal blacks would be mistakenly designated anemic unless different norms were adopted.
Ground‐water underflow in Croton Valley, New York: A comparison of field‐ and laboratory‐methods

The area under consideration lies wholly within the narrow valley of the Croton River between New Croton Dam and Quaker Bridge (see Fig. 1). New Croton Dam is a masonry structure of the gravity-type, which was completed during the early part of the present century. The reservoir has a capacity of 30 billion gallons and is part of the municipal supply-system of the City of New York. Quaker Bridge is about two miles above the point of confluence of Croton and Hudson rivers. The maximum width of the floor of the Valley is about 500 feet. The old bedrock valley is cut to a depth of about 100 feet below the present stream-level and is filled with unconsolidated deposits of silt, sand, and gravel. Although the valley-fill is quite irregular in composition, it may be divided in general into three zones, an upper zone of relatively permeable water-bearing material, an intermediate zone of relatively impermeable material which is effective as a confining layer, and a lower zone of relatively permeable material. At low flow Croton River consists of a series of shallow ponds and ranges in width from about 30 to 50 feet.
A laminar vortex interacting with a premixed flame: Measured formation of pockets of reactants

A single toroidal, laminar vortex in created and a laminar premixed flame is propagated over the vortex in order to study the fundamental interaction process and to compare results with the numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations obtained by Poinsot, Veynante, and Candel. Results quantify the degree of flame rollup, the flame perimeter increase due to wrinkling, the minimum vortex size that wrinkles the flame, and the boundary of the pocket formation (corrugated flame) regime. The measured trends indicate that viscous attenuation of the vortex by the hot, viscous products is important. The importance of flame stretch is verified; as Lewis number is varied it is found that in order to form pockets, diffusionally stable flames require a vortex strength that is three times larger than that required by the ditfusionally unstable flames.
FULL-TERM SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) INFANTS HAVE POORER MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTIONS AT 8 MONTHS AND LOWER VERBAL IQ AT 3 YEARS THAN APPROPRIATE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (AGA) INFANTS. |[dagger]| 1622

Compared to other high-risk populations, few studies have documented the long-term developmental outcome of full-term SGA infants. This study compared full-term SGA (n=61) and AGA (n=27) infants on a play/teach mother-infant interaction paradigm at 8 months and cognitive testing at 3 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R). The SGA and AGA samples did not differ on infant or maternal characteristics, except birthweight as expected (p<.05): Table
Stability of Magnetic Bearing-Rotor Systems Having a Central Support Backup Bearing

The unperturbed (fully nonlinear) stability ofa magnetic bearing-rotor system having a single central backup bearing near the middle of the shaft is analyzed under conditions of magnetic bearing (s) failure for zero gravity using the Lyapunov second (direct) method ; these results are shown to apply with gravity, based on observed similiaries of the nonlinear Lagrangian equations. These are completely general stability criteria for practical values of system parameters and conditions of system operation and failure. It turns out that the center-backup bearing configuration has some considerable advantages over conventional designs : in addition to known results for stability and instability, the system can be stable when one or both magnetic bearings fail (has negative stiffness). This temporary stability depends upon inherent gyroscopic forces and may be lost when dissipative forces are introduced. The results are applicable to other gyroscopic systems.
Variations on the salt-polymer electrolyte theme for flexible solid electrolytes

Abstract As a background for discussion of liquid electrolytes which have been converted to rubbery solids by dissolution of small amounts of high polymer, we discuss both the “solidity” of amorphous materials and the role that decoupling of the conducting modes from the microviscous (as opposed to macroviscous) modes of the medium plays in determining the conductivity and transference number. We then introduce a scheme for organizing rubbery electrolyte types into those in which the salt-polymer is plasticized by molecular entities of different types (cation solvators vs anion solvators) and those in which the plasticizing entities are ions of different types or even quasi-salt particles. With this background we then describe examples of several electrolytes taken from the above-classified types, most not previously reported, and discuss their special features, their wide voltage windows and stabilities against lithium attack, and their application in recyclable lithium cells.
Osteoporosis in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus: morphometric and comparative studies.

Ribs and vertebrae of 8 children and young adults aged from 17 months to 24 years with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, 4 with diabetes secondary to cystic fibrosis and 2 with diabetes secondary to thalassemia major, were analyzed for osteoporosis by a point-count morphometric method. The mean ratio of bone spicule to marrow space in cancellous bone of ribs of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus or with diabetes mellitus secondary to cystic fibrosis or thalassemia was 55% that of 10 control patients. The lengths of the zones of proliferating and mature cartilage cells in costal epiphyses of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus were also below normal. The ratio of bone spicule to marrow space of vertebrae of the diabetic patients was not significantly different from control values. The data confirm clinical reports that osteoporosis is a regular feature of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and suggest that the degree of bone matrix and mineral deficiency in such patients is greater tha...
The inhibition of citrate formation from oxalacetate by ethyl esters of difluoroacetoacetate, fluorooxalacetate and fluoroacetate.

Abstract Ethyl α,γ-difluoroacetoacetate, ethyl fluoroacetate, and diethyl fluorooxalacetate inhibited citrate formation from oxalacetate by rabbit kidney cortex mitochondria preparations. The ethyl difluoroacetoacetate inhibition was not competitive with oxalacetate. Accompanying this inhibition, there was an accumulation of oxalacetate and pyruvate. The in vitro action of ethyl fluoroacetate, contrary to its action in vivo , is due to the lack of esterase activity in the mitochondria preparations used. Evidence is presented which indicates that sodium monofluoroacetate has an inhibitory action at the “acetate” stage, prior to the condensation reaction, as well as its inhibitory action due to the formation of fluorocitrate.
Effect of sidewall suction on flow in two-dimensional wind tunnels

A closed-form analysis of flow in a two-dimensional subsonic wind tunnel that uses sidewall suction around the model to reduce sidewall boundary-layer effects is presented. The model problem that is treated involves a flat plate airfoil in a tunnel with a suction window shaped to permit an analytic solution. This solution shows that the lift coefficient depends explicitly on the porosity parameter of the suction window and implicitly on the suction pressure differential. For a given sidewall displacement thickness, the lift coefficient increases as the suction-window porosity decreases.
Cardiac troponin T and point-of-care testing for myocardial infarction.

To the Editor. —Despite their obvious enthusiasm for point-of-care testing for cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Dr Antman and colleagues 1 have not provided convincing evidence that this technology is either applicable or appropriate in the clinical setting. Many of the arguments used to justify using a test with a false-positive rate of 35% and a sensitivity ranging rom only 33% to a maximum of 86% are paper tigers. The time needed to perform creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and troponin assays on modern random-access chemistry and immunochemistry analyzers is as little as 17 minutes in the clinical laboratory, not 2 hours as the authors cited. Moreover, recent studies 2,3 comparing immunoassays for cardiac troponin (troponin T or I) with CK-MB show similar sensitivity of cardiac troponin to CK-MB for detection of acute mycocardial infarction. According to these studies, in the laboratory setting there was also an increased specificity for myocardial damage
Prey availability and the search behaviour of the scorpion Diplocentrus peloncillensis

We examined the effects of prey availability on the search behaviour (search activity) of the scorpion Diplocentrus peloncillensis in a series of laboratory experiments. The search activity of the ...
L-dopa induced plasma glucagon release.

ABSTRACT L-dopa was found to induce the release of pancreatic glucagon as well as growth hormone in rhesus monkeys. This release of glucagon was unaffected by either α- or β-adrenergic blockade and may be the result of direct dopaminergic stimulation of the pancreas. The resultant hyperglycemia may be important in explaining the clinical observation of worsening of diabetic control in parkinsonian diabetic patients on L-dopa therapy.
Thrombin Activity on Dissected and Anastomosed Human Arteries

Abstract The mechanism of anastomotic thrombosis in microvascular surgery remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that thrombin activity at anastomoses plays a major role in this process. To study this, a surgically relevant human artery anastomosis model was used to (i) measure surface thrombin activity on anastomoses and on intact vessel, (ii) determine the inhibitability of surface thrombin by heparin and recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin), and (iii) determine the anastomotic and intact vessel binding capacity for additional thrombin. Human placental artery segments were placed in chambers in which 0.2 cm2of luminal surface was exposed to citrated platelet-poor plasma for 10 min at 37°C. The fibrinopeptide A (FPA) concentration (indicating the action of thrombin on fibrinogen) in the supernatant was then measured using an ELISA assay. Intact vessels and anastomoses expressed equivalent thrombin activity that could not be inhibited by heparin at a concentration (0.3 U/ml) that is sufficient to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time two-fold. Conversely, the concentration of heparin routinely used in intraoperative vessel irrigation solutions (50 U/ml) was able to completely block thrombin activity at both sites. r-Hirudin (0.3 heparin equivalent anti-IIa U/ml) was able to inhibit nearly all of the thrombin activity on each site. Each site was able to bind and express the activity of additional thrombin, indicating the potential for increased vessel thrombogenicity after local clot has formed and has been removed. These data indicate the presence of thrombin on dissected human vessels and its presence in equal amounts on intact and anastomosed vessels when measurement is made before blood flow resumes. Furthermore, vessel-associated thrombin is resistant to a standard systemic concentration of heparin but is susceptible to the much higher heparin concentration that can be delivered locally by the surgeon during vessel irrigation.
Perception of change in depth in the hummingbird hawkmoth Manduca sexta (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera)

Abstract Visual perception of depth change can be mediated monocularly by looming the apparent size increase of an approaching object. In Manduca sexta we recorded intracellularly from cells that detect both approach and retreat of an object. The cells compute looming in two fundamentally different ways: class 1 neurons measure the change of perimeter/edge length of the object; class 2 neurons respond to expansion/contraction flowfields. We created a network model incorporating anatomical and physiological properties of class 1 neurons to understand the underlying computational principles for looming detection.
Internet messaging: An examination of the impact of attitudinal, normative, and control belief systems

While instant messaging (IM) has been very popular among teenagers and college students for social and recreation communication, its use in corporate settings has been limited. We examined the factors that influence the intention to use and actual use of IM. A research model was developed based on diffusion of innovation and Socio-psychological theories. The model examined the influence of seven variables in three belief structures (the attitudinal, normative, and control). The model was empirically validated using a field survey of 349 respondents. The results indicated that five of the seven variables explained about 41% of the variance in the intention to use IM. The five significant variables were: utilitarian beliefs, hedonic beliefs, subjective norms, critical mass, and ease of use. Affiliation motivation was not significant and social belief had a negative impact on intention. As expected, intention to use had a significant influence on actual usage.
Thermoelectric corrections to quantum voltage measurement

A generalization of B\"uttiker's voltage probe concept for nonzero temperatures is an open third terminal of a quantum thermoelectric circuit. An explicit analytic expression for the thermoelectric correction to an ideal quantum voltage measurement in linear response is derived and interpreted in terms of local Peltier cooling/heating within the nonequilibrium system. The thermoelectric correction is found to be large (up to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}24%$ of the peak voltage) in a prototypical ballistic quantum conductor (graphene nanoribbon). The effects of measurement nonideality are also investigated. Our findings have important implications for precision local electrical measurements.
Prenatal Psychobiological Predictors of Anxiety Risk in Preadolescent Children

Experimental animal models have demonstrated that one of the primary consequences of prenatal stress is increased fear and anxiety in the offspring. Few prospective human studies have evaluated the consequences of prenatal stress on anxiety during preadolescence. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the consequences of prenatal exposure to both maternal biological stress signals and psychological distress on anxiety in preadolescent children. Participants included 178 mother-child pairs. Maternal psychological distress (general anxiety, perceived stress, depression and pregnancy-specific anxiety) and biological stress signals were evaluated at 19, 25, and 31 gestational weeks. Anxiety was evaluated in the children at 6-9 years of age using the Child Behavior Checklist. Analyses revealed that prenatal exposure to elevated maternal cortisol, depression, perceived stress and pregnancy-specific anxiety was associated with increased anxiety in children. These associations remained after considering obstetric, sociodemographic and postnatal maternal psychological distress; factors that could influence child development. When all of the prenatal measures were considered together, cortisol and pregnancy-specific anxiety independently predicted child anxiety. Children exposed to elevated prenatal maternal cortisol and pregnancy-specific anxiety were at an increased risk for developing anxiety problems during the preadolescent period. This project identifies prenatal risk factors associated with lasting consequences for child mental health and raises the possibility that reducing maternal distress during the prenatal period will have long term benefits for child well-being.
Can the interface between a non-ideal ferromagnet and a semiconductor quantum wire act as an ideal spin filter?

The problem of spin injection across the interface between a non-ideal ferromagnet and a semiconductor (paramagnetic) quantum wire is examined in the presence of Rashba spin orbit interaction in the wire and an axial magnetic field along the direction of current flow. This magnetic field is caused by the ferromagnet magnetized along the wire axis. At low temperatures and for certain injection energies, the interface can act as an ideal spin filter allowing injection only from the majority spin band of the ferromagnet. Thus, 100% spin filtering can take place even though the ferromagnet itself is less than 100% spin polarized. Below a critical value of the axial magnetic field, there are two injection energies for which ideal (100%) spin filtering is possible; above this critical field there is only one such injection energy.
A New Data Selection Approach for Semi-Supervised Acoustic Modeling

Current approaches to semi-supervised incremental learning prefer to select unlabeled examples predicted with high confidence for model re-training. However, this strategy can degrade the classification performance rather than improve it. We present an analysis for the reasons of this phenomenon, showing that only relying on high confidence for data selection can lead to an erroneous estimate to the true distribution when the confidence annotator is highly correlated with the classifier in the information they use. We propose a new data selection approach to address this problem and apply it to a variety of applications, including machine learning and speech recognition. Encouraging improvements in recognition accuracy are observed in our experiments.
Accomplished Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Teaching Dribbling to Third Grade Children

The purpose of this study was to describe four accomplished teachers’ enacted pedagogical content knowledge of teaching hand dribbling to third grade children. We aimed to investigate and make accessible the knowledge and wisdom of practicing teachers. We videotaped three sequential lessons of each teacher and conducted formal and informal interviews. Three themes emerged from a grounded analysis of the data: (a) approaching dribbling content as a network of connected movements and tactics, (b) refining movement patterns based on knowledge initially acquired in younger grades, and (c) teaching the cognitive processes (learning orientation, self-regulation, movement and tactical analysis and critique, and making decisions) embedded in and relevant to lesson dribbling activities.
H.264/AVC video packet aggregation and unequal error protection for noisy channels

The quality of H.264/AVC compressed video delivery over wireless channels is affected by packet losses. Aggregating H.264/AVC slices to form video packets with sizes adaptive to their importance can improve transmission reliability. Larger packets are more likely to be in error but smaller packets cause more overhead. A second method is assigning stronger channel code rates to more important slices. We use cross-layer dynamic programming to address both adaptive packet formation as well as RCPC-channel code rate allocation simultaneously, to improve received video quality. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed scheme.
Juvenile Basal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: A 17-year-old youth had a solitary basal cell carcinoma of the nose.This malignancy is rare in children and usually occurs withanother disease or syndrome. The de novo form in this patient is especially rare.
Test-retest precision of functional MR in sensory and motor task activation.

PURPOSE To determine the test-retest precision of functional MR maps of regions in the brain "activated" by sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. METHODS Echo-planar images were acquired at 1.5 T in four subjects during voluntary motor activity involving the thumb and fingers and during tactile stimulation of the palm. Each subject performed the two tasks twice. Functional images of each task were generated at three thresholds. Test-retest precision was calculated in terms of two ratios: 1) the pixels activated in both iterations of the tasks in proportion to the pixels activated by either iteration of the task, and 2) the ratio modified to include first-order neighboring pixels. The first is referred to as pixel precision, and the latter as first-order-neighbor pixel precision. RESULTS In each subject, activation from the first and second iteration of each task was located in the same region of the same gyrus. Pixel precision was .57 for the two tasks (at a threshold of 0.50). First-order-neighbor precision was greater than .80 for the two tasks at the same threshold. CONCLUSION High test-retest precision can be obtained in functional MR.
Acoustical Imaging: History, Applications, Principles and Limitations

“Seeing” with sound instead of light seemed far-fetched a generation ago. However, after more than twenty years of successful ultrasound use in clinical medicine (1–10), many persons have seen acoustically-produced images of the organs in their bodies and are accustomed to the concept of acoustical imaging. An example of such imaging is shown in Fig. 1. The ultrasonic instruments in our hospitals are the most generally known of all acoustical imaging systems, but, in addition to medical diagnosis, there are many other applications for sonic images. For example, acoustical imaging is being employed for oceanic search, seismic exploration, non-destructive evaluation, and microscopy (11). The systems involved use mechanical and electronic scanning and pulse-echo ranging, as well as focusing with acoustic lenses and digital processing (12). The more detailed descriptions in this chapter will be restricted to systems employed for microscopy, diagnostic medicine and non-destructive evaluation.
Natriuretic peptides and acute renal failure.

Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) are a family of peptide hormones, e.g., ANP, long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, and kaliuretic peptide synthesized by the ANP gene. Brain natriureti...
A methodology for the computation of an upper bound on noise current spectrum of CMOS switching activity

Currents injected by CMOS digital circuit blocks into the power grid and into the substrate of a system-on-a-chip may affect reliability and performance of other sensitive circuit blocks. To verify the correct operation of the system, an upper bound for the spectrum of the noise current has to be provided with respect to all possible transitions of the circuit inputs. The number of input transitions is exponential in the number of circuit inputs. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the computation of the upper bound that avoids the untractable exhaustive exploration of the entire space. Its computational complexity is indeed linear in the number of gates. Our approach requires CMOS standard cell libraries to be characterized for injected noise current. In this paper, we also present an approach for this characterization of CMOS standard cells. Experimental results have proven the accuracy of both the algorithm and the noise current models used for the library characterization.
Differences in search engine evaluations between query owners and non-owners

The query-document relevance judgments used in web search engine evaluation are traditionally provided by human assessors who have no particular association with the specific queries selected for the evaluation. Most commonly, queries are randomly sampled from search logs and in turn randomly assigned to the human assessors. In this paper, we consider a very different approach in which we instead ask the human assessors to provide their own queries from their recent search experiences. Using these queries as our sample, we compare the relevance judgments from the "owners" of the queries to the relevance judgments of the non-owners.We conduct experiments which reveal that query ownership has a substantial and beneficial impact on the accuracy of relevance judgments. In particular, we observe that owners are more consistently able to distinguish a higher quality set of search results from a lower quality set in a blind comparison. The implication for web search evaluation is that query owners provide more valuable relevance judgments than non-owners, presumably due to the background knowledge associated with their queries. We quantify the benefit of using owner assessments versus non-owner assessments in terms of sample size reduction. We also touch on some of the practical challenges associated with using query owners as assessors.
Down syndrome due to 21;21 translocation in a male twin

A spontaneous 21;21 translocation resulting in features consistent with Down syndrome is reported in the first born of male fraternal twins. No history of twinning or chromosomal abnormalities in the family was noted. Any association between dizygous twinning and Down syndrome due to de novo translocation remains speculative until a sufficient pool of published data is available from study of such families.
A physiological role for gene loops in yeast

DNA loops that juxtapose the promoter and terminator regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes have been identified in yeast and mammalian cells. Loop formation is transcription-dependent and requires components of the pre-mRNA 3′-end processing machinery. Here we report that looping at the yeast GAL10 gene persists following a cycle of transcriptional activation and repression. Moreover, GAL10 and a GAL1p-SEN1 reporter undergo rapid reactivation kinetics following a cycle of activation and repression—a phenomenon defined as “transcriptional memory”—and this effect correlates with the persistence of looping. We propose that gene loops facilitate transcriptional memory in yeast.
Follicle-stimulating hormone levels and medication compliance during in vitro fertilization.

Objective To report the use of serum FSH levels during gonadotropin therapy for IVF to ensure medication compliance. Design Case report. Setting University-based reproductive endocrinology clinic. Patient(s) Two women with normal ovarian reserve undergoing IVF cycles with unexpected clinical responses. Intervention(s) FSH laboratory values. Main Outcome Measure(s) Ovarian follicular development. Result(s) Adequate follicular response leading to oocyte retrieval. Conclusion(s) Determination of serum FSH levels may help detect noncompliance with recommended gonadotropin regimens during IVF.
Exploring Children’s Passion for Learning in Six Domains:

Passion for learning (PFL) in children is a phenomenon that is little understood. The experience of PFL was studied with phenomenological and qualitative modes of inquiry. Case studies of six domains (acting, reading, filmmaking, spelling, math, and preaching) describe how the passion developed using the voices of children and parents. Their stories support variations in development across domains. The study demonstrates a fertile field for future research into domain-specific learning and advanced development.
Venous Thromboembolism and Mortality Associated With Tranexamic Acid Use During Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

TKA and THA are associated with blood transfusion and risk for postoperative venothromboembolism (VTE). Reports show that tranexamic acid (TA) may be safe to use in high-risk orthopedic patients, but further data are needed to substantiate its use. All patients who underwent primary or revision TKA or THA in a five year period were retrospectively identified. In 13,262 elective TKA or THA procedures, neither the odds of VTE (OR=0.98; 95% CI 0.67-1.45; P=0.939) or adjusted odds of death (OR=0.26; 95% CI 0.04-1.80; P=0.171) were significant with TA administration. The major findings of this large, single center, retrospective cohort study show the odds of postoperative VTE and 30-day mortality were unchanged with TA administration.
Thermal decay modes of a 2-D energy balance climate model

A complete series of non-orthogonal thermal decay modes (TDMs) of climate is derived from a two-dimensional (2-D) Energy Balance Climate Model (EBCM) and their properties are investigated. The orthogonality property is broken by the presence of the land–sea distribution through the effective heat capacity function. In the model, these mode amplitudes decay exponentially when the same component of forcing is made to vanish. If the projection of forcing is white noise in time, the mode amplitudes will have Lorentz spectral densities (i.e. first order Markov or first-order Autoregressive Process (ARI)) making the autocorrelation functions decay exponentially as well. TheTDMhave familystyle shapes: all oceans, Eurasian–African family, North American family, etc. When actual data are projected onto the mode patterns their time-series exhibit the same exponential decay behaviour. These modes are proven useful in studying the global surface temperature field. The development of the TDM theory makes it possible to analyse more generally time-dependent surface-temperature problems in a framework with physical interpretation.
Lack of sequential radiation in a parasitoid of a host-associated aphid

Sequential radiation occurs when novel biodiversity at low trophic levels ‘cascades' up to high trophic levels generating further biodiversity. When putatively generalist herbivore species comprise host-plant specialized populations, sequential radiation can be tested for their parasites and predators. We tested for sequential radiation in Aphelinus perpallidus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid wasp of the yellow pecan aphid, Monelliopsis pecanis Bissel (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae). This aphid has been shown to consist of at least two genetically distinct host-tree-associated populations, one feeding on pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), and one feeding on water hickory, Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. We found that this wasp consists of three genetically distinct populations with unique molecular phenotypes, but these populations did not correspond to host-plant species of origin. Collecting site accounted for 20% of the molecular variance found. Sequential radiation may be less common in aphid parasitoids than in other parasitoid groups because of specific aspects of their biology, namely parasitization of externally feeding hosts, multivoltinism, and learned habitat preference.
Variation-Aware Circuit Macromodeling and Design Based on Surrogate Models

This paper presents surrogate model-based methods to generate circuit performance models, device models, and high-speed IO buffer macromodels. Circuit performance models are built with design parameters and parametric variations, and they can be used for fast and systematic design space exploration and yield analysis. Surrogate models of the main device characteristics are generated in order to assess the effects of variability in analog circuits. A new variation-aware IO buffer macromodel is developed by integrating surrogate modeling and a physically-based model structure. The new IO model provides both good accuracy and scalability for signal integrity analysis.
IV Methylprednisolone for Intractable Epilepsy

Investigators at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, report their experience with IV pulse methylprednisolone in the treatment of children with severe drug-resistant epilepsy.
Structuring Loans for a Mid-Sized Company

In simple skeletal terms, this article shows a mid- size company owner how to quickly appraise the health and fitness for credit of his corporate balance sheet.
Development of a reversible vas deferens occlusive device. II. Effect of bilateral and unilateral vasectomy on semen characteristics in the dog.

16 male beagles were used to study the effect of bilateral and unilateral vasectomy on the semen characteristics in the dog during research into the development of a reversible vas deferens occlusive device. Bilateral vasectomy of 8 dogs resulted in the immediate absence of spermatozoa from the ejaculate of 7 dogs indicating that the spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis and not partially in the ampullary region of the vas as in the human. No significant decrease in volume after bilateral vasectomy could be detected in the group as a whole but some individual dogs showed distinct changes. Unilateral vasectomy of 8 dogs resulted in an overall 50% decrease in total sperm count; again some individual variations were observed. These variations probably depended on the functional activity of the remaining testicle. After unilateral vasectomy volume decreases were noted with the amount of decrease proportional to the individual decrease in sperm count. There was no change in the percent of viable spermatozoa after unilateral vasectomy and there was no increase in abnormal sperm forms. Neither bilateral nor unilateral vasectomy appeared to affect the pH of the ejaculate. Details of the manual and artifical vagina collection methods and the vasectomy technique in the dog are described.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Fazed arrays

A a crossword puzzle with an electromagnetic theme. The solution will appear in the next issue of this Newsletter.
Effects of Multiple Parasitism on the Gypsy Moth Parasites Apanteles melanoscelus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Neither Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) nor Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) females discriminated against gypsy moth larvae parasitized by variously aged individuals of the other species. In host larvae parasitized by both species, neither parasite consistently destroyed the other, and both parasites emerged from about 11% of the hosts. Dissections did not reveal any obvious instances of physical attack or physiological suppression of one species by the other, and parasite developmental rates appeared to be the same in multiple-parasitized hosts as in single-parasitized ones. The study suggests that these two parasites are tolerant of each other when in the same host and that probably no direct intrinsic competition occurs between them
Abstract 4765: Investigation of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced apoptosis in human triple negative breast cancer

Omega-3 fatty acid enriched diets especially diets rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have long been associated with a lower incidence of a variety of cancers. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that DHA exerts anticancer actions via inducing tumor cells to undergo programmed cell death or decreasing cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the anticancer actions of DHA in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro. Data indicate that DHA induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 human p53 mutant TNBC cells by activating both intrinsic and extrinsic death-mediating pathways. Activation of apoptosis is associated with induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and increased levels of phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), and CHOP and DR5 protein levels; as well as, reduced levels of pIκB and NF-κB downstream mediators: c-FLIP, Survivin and Bcl-2. DHA induces ROS generation and antioxidants, RRR-alpha tocopherol (αT) and N-acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) block DHA-induced apoptosis, ER stress and upregulation of pJNK/CHOP/DR5. Taken together, our data demonstrate that DHA induces apoptosis in p53 mutant TNBC via activation of ROS mediated ER stress and suppression of NF-kB mediated anti-apoptotic factors. Since p53 mutant TNBCs are associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, these studies suggest DHA may be a successful adjuvant treatment strategy. Research is supported by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4765. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4765
Advances in Neurology

MEDICAL neurology and the neurosciences have made astonishing progress in the past few decades. New imaging techniques permit visualization of not only the gross anatomy but also aspects of the biochemical and pharmacologic features of the living, working brain. Remarkable advances have clarified the pathogenesis of illnesses such as migraine and epilepsy, leading to specific and effective therapies for them. Cellular transplants have been placed in the brain to ameliorate at least partially the ravages of parkinsonism, and potential therapies for previously "untreatable" degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are being studied in laboratories. Never before . . .
Governing the City From Planning to Urban Strategy

Strategy frames the contemporary epistemological space of urbanism: major cities across the globe such as New York, London and Sydney invest time, energy and resources to craft urban strategies. Ex...
Review of the Variational Asymptotic Method and the Intrinsic Equations of a Beam

Helicopter rotor blades can be adequately modeled as thin-walled composite beams, which are laterally flexible and, as such, usually operate in the nonlinear range. To solve such problems, one method is to use conventional beam models that rely on ad hoc assumptions on displacement or stress fields. An example of such models is the Saint-Venant’s theory of torsion, which assumes that a beam remains rigid in its cross section as it twists. While this assumption works fine in the linear range of behavior for isotropic prismatic beams, it results in serious error when it is extended to composite beams. Therefore, to get acceptable results, one should use alternative solution methods.
Construction and transformation of fusion expression protein used in high throughput screening model for telomerase inhibitors

【Objective】 To construct different fusion protein expression vectors to yeast three-hybrid system which contain human telomerase catalytic subunit. 【Methods】Different fragments of hTERT cDNA were amplified from pCLXSN-hTERT plasmid and cloned into pYESTrp3 prey plasmids respectively. The recombined prey plasmids were transformed into competent cells of Ecoli, Positive ones were identified by specific PCR, enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis. Finally, the successfully recombined plasmids were transfected into yeast L40ura3 and which was tested for toxicity and self-activation. 【Results】Compared with hTERT gene in GenBank, the homology of the recombined expression vector pYESTrp3-hTERT was 99% in nucleotide acid sequence, no toxicity and self-activation were observed. 【Conclusions】Fusion protein expression vectors of hTERT were constructed successfully, which might provide the foundation for research on human telomerase reverse transcriptase in the field of anticancer drug screening and the interaction between hTR and hTERT.
Allow of no Ignore Ideological Education of the Advanced Element

The advanced element of the society are those who are ploitically progressive,work hard,accomplish much and make outstanding contribution.It has theoretical and practical significance to attach importance to the idelogical education of the advanced element,to study the essential counter-measures of educating them,as well as to the social progress and to the development of human resources.