cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Instability of Nano- and Microscale Liquid Metal Filaments: Transition from Single Droplet Collapse to Multidroplet Breakup

We carry out experimental and numerical studies to investigate the collapse and breakup of finite size, nano- and microscale, liquid metal filaments supported on a substrate. We find the critical dimensions below which filaments do not break up but rather collapse to a single droplet. The transition from collapse to breakup can be described as a competition between two fluid dynamic phenomena: the capillary driven end retraction and the Rayleigh–Plateau type instability mechanism that drives the breakup. We focus on the unique spatial and temporal transition region between these two phenomena using patterned metallic thin film strips and pulsed-laser-induced dewetting. The experimental results are compared to an analytical model proposed by Driessen et al. and modified to include substrate interactions. In addition, we report the results of numerical simulations based on a volume-of-fluid method to provide additional insight and highlight the importance of liquid metal resolidification, which reduces iner...
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tenodesis for Traumatic Digit Amputation at the Level of the Proximal Phalanx.

Background: Traumatic amputation of the digit requiring revision amputation at the level of the proximal phalanx provides the opportunity to improve flexor function via tenodesis of the remaining flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon. Salvage of the remaining FDS and performing flexor tenodesis to the proximal phalanx allows increased flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. Methods: This series reviews FDS tenodesis, outlining its surgical technique with clinical and functional outcomes. Institutional review board–approved retrospective study was performed. Twelve digits in 8 patients were included. Results: Average flexion-extension arc of affected MCP joint was 82°, and average grip strength was 70% of unaffected extremity. No patients required revision surgery or revision amputation. One patient had a minor wound infection treated successfully with oral antibiotics. Conclusions: FDS tenodesis is a reliable motion-preserving procedure for patients with amputations at the level of the proxi...
Application of Principal Component Analysis Methods to Experimental Structural Dynamics

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods have been variously developed and applied within the experimental modal community for some time based upon the underlying linear/superposition nature of structural dynamics. While historically the use of these techniques has been restricted to the areas of model order determination (Complex Mode Indicator Function [CMIF]), enhanced frequency response function estimation, and parameter identification, increasingly they are being applied to the areas of test/model validation, experimental model correlation/repeatability and experimental/structural model comparison. With the increasing volume of data being collected today, techniques which provide effective extraction of the significant data features for quick, easy comparison are essential. This paper explores the general development and application of PCA to experimental modal analysis and its ability to provide the analyst with an effective global trend visualization tool. As examples, the results from a laboratory test structure (circular plate), a civil infrastructure (bridge), and a comparative study (automotive) are presented.
The Role of the Secondary Coordination Sphere in a Fungal Polysaccharide Monooxygenase.

Polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs) are secreted metalloenzymes that catalyze the oxidative degradation of polysaccharides in a copper-, oxygen-, and reductant-dependent manner. Cellulose-active fungal PMOs degrade cellulosic substrates to be utilized as a carbon source for fungal growth. To gain insight into the PMO mechanism, the role of conserved residues in the copper coordination sphere was investigated. Here, we report active-site hydrogen-bonding motifs in the secondary copper coordination sphere of MtPMO3*, a C1-oxidizing PMO from the ascomycete fungus Myceliophthora thermophila. A series of point substitutions that disrupt this conserved network are used to interrogate its function. Activity assays, in conjunction with EPR spectroscopy, demonstrate that residues H161 and Q167 are involved in stabilizing bound oxygen, and H161 appears to play a role in proton transfer. Additionally, Q167 increases the ligand donor strength of Y169 to the copper via a hydrogen-bonding interaction. Altogether, H161...
The Crime Lab in the Age of the Genetic Panopticon (Book Review)

"Scientific evidence really nails this man to the wall," the Harris County, Texas prosecutor told the jurors in closing statements. At trial, George Rodriguez claimed he was innocent and that he had been working a factory the day of the crime. The prosecutor emphasized, however, that the blood type of swabs taken from the victim showed that Rodriguez did commit the crime and that a hair from the crime scene matched him. But seventeen years later, the same hair was tested again, this time using DNA analysis, and the evidence cleared Rodriguez and ultimately led to the crime crime lab being shut down and recreated. The Rodriguez case illustrates why the crime lab has entered a time of crisis. I will discuss that case and the larger story of the transformation of the Houston lab, to introduce the first of three wonderful new books that I review here: Sandra Guerra Thompson's Cops in "Lab Coats: Curbing Wrongful Convictions Through Independent Forensic Laboratories." Second, I turn to Erin Murphy's book, "Inside the Cell: The Dark Side of Forensic DNA," to explore Murphy's compelling account of why DNA testing is no panacea for these growing problems and may instead actually magnify some of them. These failings raise the larger question whether improved research to support forensic disciplines, national regulation regarding the quality and standards for labs, and constitutional criminal procedure to remedy the poor litigation of forensics in the courtroom can help to address the failings of our crime labs. I suggest that efforts to improve research, regulation, and criminal procedure are beginning to show promise, but that much remains to be done. Third, I will discuss Adam Benforado's book, "Unfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice, which looks broadly at the role of social science and criminal law, but focusing here on cognitive research and expert evidence. Finally, I will discuss how advances in scientific research and technology will reshape the crime lab of the future, creating new challenges and opportunities for criminal justice.
Teoría y métodos para la investigación de la racionalidad de la práctica en la enseñanza de las matemáticas

espanolEste articulo sintetiza en castellano un programa de investigacion en la racionalidad de la practica de la ensenanza de las matematicas, partiendo de la problematica de la toma de decisiones en el salon de clases. Se proveen referencias a articulos escritos en ingles durante los pasados 15 anos, que dan cuenta de investigaciones en aspectos especificos de aquella racionalidad. Se definen las nociones de transaccion de instruccion, situacion de instruccion, norma de una situacion, y obligacion profesional, y luego se describen instrumentos disenados para medir el grado en el que los maestros reconocen las normas de instruccion y las obligaciones profesionales. Se ilustra como funcionan esos constructos mediante el esbozo de algunas preguntas de investigacion. EnglishA program of research on the practical rationality of mathematics teaching is introduced in Spanish, starting from problematizing teachers’ decision making in instruction. References to specific articles covering 15 years of research on the subject are provided. The notions of instructional exchange, instructional situation, situational norm, and professional obligation are introduced, then instruments designed to measure teachers’ recognition of norms and obligations are described, and research questions are proposed.
The relative effects of game outcome and process on fans’ media consumption experiences

ABSTRACTResearch question: The purpose of the current research was to examine the interaction effects between the positivity of game characteristics and different types of social experiences on fans’ evaluations of their retrospective media consumption experiences.Research method: The combination of game characteristics and the type of social experience were both manipulated variables. In the positive (negative) outcome but negative (positive) process condition, participants were asked to recall their favourite team’s game in which the team won (lost) but the game was boring (exciting). Furthermore, in the solo (joint) context condition, participants were asked to recall a game that they watched by themselves (with others).Results and findings: The results indicated that sport fans evaluated their retrospective media consumption experiences more favourably when the game outcome was positive (but the process was negative) compared to a game in which the game outcome was negative (but the process was positi...
Youth Perceptions of a School-Based Mentoring Program:

Academic mentoring programs promote high school completion for at-risk youth. The purpose of this study was to hear the voice of youth in order to inform program services and develop best practices...
Differences in Experiences With Care Between Homeless and Nonhomeless Patients in Veterans Affairs Facilities With Tailored and Nontailored Primary Care Teams.

BACKGROUND Homeless patients describe poor experiences with primary care. In 2012, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented homeless-tailored primary care teams (Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team, HPACTs) that could improve the primary care experience for homeless patients. OBJECTIVE To assess differences in primary care experiences between homeless and nonhomeless Veterans receiving care in VHA facilities that had HPACTs available (HPACT facilities) and in VHA facilities lacking HPACTs (non-HPACT facilities). RESEARCH DESIGN We used multivariable multinomial regressions to estimate homeless versus nonhomeless patient differences in primary care experiences (categorized as negative/moderate/positive) reported on a national VHA survey. We compared the homeless versus nonhomeless risk differences (RDs) in reporting negative or positive experiences in 25 HPACT facilities versus 485 non-HPACT facilities. SUBJECTS Survey respondents from non-HPACT facilities (homeless: n=10,148; nonhomeless: n=309,779) and HPACT facilities (homeless: n=2022; nonhomeless: n=20,941). MEASURES Negative and positive experiences with access, communication, office staff, provider rating, comprehensiveness, coordination, shared decision-making, and self-management support. RESULTS In non-HPACT facilities, homeless patients reported more negative and fewer positive experiences than nonhomeless patients. However, these patterns of homeless versus nonhomeless differences were reversed in HPACT facilities for the domains of communication (positive experience RDs in non-HPACT versus HPACT facilities=-2.0 and 2.0, respectively); comprehensiveness (negative RDs=2.1 and -2.3), shared decision-making (negative RDs=1.2 and -1.8), and self-management support (negative RDs=0.1 and -4.5; positive RDs=0.5 and 8.0). CONCLUSIONS VHA facilities with HPACT programs appear to offer a better primary care experience for homeless versus nonhomeless Veterans, reversing the pattern of relatively poor primary care experiences often associated with homelessness.
Urease Inhibition: Alternative to Antimicrobial Treatment

Bacteria induce disease by a number of mechanisms, e.g., production of toxins, enzymes, or antigens and/or resistance to phagocytosis. Braude (1) and Siemienski have suggested that Proteus species are pathogenic primarily because of their ability to synthesize the enzyme, urease. They suggested that urease-induced hydrolysis of urea in urine is the primary mediator of pathogenicity. This hypothesis is suported by clinical observations: 1) Proteus is infrequently implicated as a pathogen outside the urinary tract where urea concentrations are low; 2) Proteus is a major pathogen within the urinary tract; and 3) strains of Proteus that do not produce urease are relatively nonpathogenic. Experimental support of the hypothesis has also been provided by other investigators (2–5). Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is an effective inhibitor of urease, and it is readily excreted in urine. Herein, we report data regarding the efficacy of AHA in a rat model to prevent the pathologic sequelae of Proteus urinary infections.
Preoperative Evaluation of Children for Corpus Callosotomy

The majority of patients with epilepsy in childhood have benign seizure types and eventually outgrow their seizures. Even young patients with seizures that are considered refractory to medication have a good chance of eventually having a remission.1 However, there is a group of children with severe and truly intractable epilepsy who have multiple seizure types that are devastating to their lives. These children with the most severe of epilepsy may in fact be candidates for corpus callosotomy since it is very unlikely that their seizures will improve as they mature. While the majority of patients who have had corpus callosotomy performed to date have been young adults or adolescents, it is appropriate to consider the surgery in patients of a younger age. Callosotomy in young patients may improve not only seizure control, but also behavior and alertness, which allows better functioning in the school and home. This improvement may have several reasons, including fewer clinical seizures, less subclinical interictal epileptiform activity, and the ability to manage the patient on less medication. Also, the younger patient may tolerate the procedure better than the older patient and have less deleterious effects from the procedure (the “disconnection syndrome,” new speech or memory problems). In fact, none of our young patients have had any of these problems persist postoperatively.2
ON THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF –S–S– CROSSLINKS IN SPERM HEADS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO EUTHERIAN MAMMALS

A comparative survey has been made of the intensity of –S–S– crosslinking in the nuclei (and perinuclear material) of a wide variety of spermatozoa. Whereas this appears to be a relatively rare attribute of sperm nuclear chromatin in general, that of eutherian sperm displays an unusually heavy complement of such cystine bridges. Arguments are given for the hypothesis that –S–S– crosslinks in the nucleus and perinuclear material of sperm heads serve a structural function, and may provide an intrinsic rigidity of importance, particularly in penetration of the eutherian egg.
Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidium species are protozoan parasites that infect the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. In humans, infections occur primarily in the small intestine resulting in diarrheal illness. Cryptosporidium has a worldwide distribution and is considered an emerging zoonosis. Despite intensive efforts to develop workable experimental models, and the evaluation of nearly 1,000 chemotherapeutic agents, adequate therapies to clear the host of these parasites are still lacking. The reasons for the lack of drug efficacy are probably manifold and may include the unusual location of the parasite in the host cell, distinct structural and biochemical composition of drug targets, or its ability to either block import or rapidly efflux drug molecules. Understanding the basic mechanisms by which drugs are transported to the parasite and identifying unique targets are important steps in developing effective therapeutic agents.
Social Withdrawal and Social Surrogacy in Emerging Adulthood.

Shyness has been well established as a hindrance to social adjustment and may be problematic for emerging adults attending university, given the high social expectations placed upon students. Previous studies suggest emerging adults high in shyness recruit their friends to act as social surrogates in order to help reduce the stress of entering social interactions; yet, whether other less studied forms of social withdrawal (i.e., avoidance, unsociability) are associated with social surrogacy remains uninvestigated. The goal of the present study was to examine differences between subtypes of withdrawal as related to social surrogacy, while considering the roles of social anxiety and social self-efficacy. Participants were 961 emerging adults (76% female; 67% Caucasian) between the ages of 18 and 25 (M = 20.15, SD = 1.71). The results indicated that patterns of social surrogacy varied between withdrawal subtypes, such that social surrogacy was positively related to shyness, and negatively related to unsociability, whereas avoidance yielded mixed results. The findings highlight the importance of considering withdrawal motivations in understanding social surrogacy.
Nascent: Tackling Caller-ID Spoofing in 4G Networks via Efficient Network-Assisted Validation

Caller-ID spoofing deceives the callee into believing a call is originating from another user. Spoofing has been strategically used in the now-pervasive telephone fraud, causing substantial monetary loss and sensitive data leakage. Unfortunately, caller-ID spoofing is feasible even when user authentication is in place. State-of-the-art solutions either exhibit high overhead or require extensive upgrades, and thus are unlikely to be deployed in the near future. In this paper, we seek an effective and efficient solution for 4G (and conceptually 5G) carrier networks to detect (and block) caller-ID spoofing. Specifically, we propose Nascent, Network-assisted caller ID authentication, to validate the caller-ID used during call setup which may not match the previously-authenticated ID. Nascent functionality is split between data-plane gateways and call control session functions. By leveraging existing communication interfaces between the two and authentication data already available at the gateways, Nascent only requires small, standard-compatible patches to the existing 4G infrastructure. We prototype and experimentally evaluate three variants of Nascent in traditional and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) deployments. We demonstrate that Nascent significantly reduces overhead compared to the state-of-the-art, without sacrificing effectiveness.
Optimizing DFM scores by using a genetic evolution algorithm

This paper presents a methodology to optimize standard cells and other small IP for manufacturability. The optimization is based on an evolutionary machine learning algorithm. This algorithm creates variants of a starting cell by randomly selecting and moving edges, and selects the best variant based on a scoring methodology for the next set of iterations. The opportunity for such an algorithm arises from the complexity of advanced node design rules, where multiple rules compete and have to be optimized simultaneously across multiple mask layers. Doing this process manually is a lengthy and highly iterative process and most often leaves DFM opportunities on the table. The selector in the algorithm is a combination of MAS/DRC rule-based checks, and a holistic multi-layer lithographic process window metric. Specifically library standard cells can be optimized for DFM scores and printability within a very short time frame.
A Political-Process Defense of Deference to EU Directives

The Deutsche Bahn doctrine holds that EU actions, as opposed to Member State actions, are immune from state-aid scrutiny. This interpretation has a textualist grounding: Because the EU Treaty bans only “aid granted by a Member State,” it does not constrain aid granted by the EU itself. This comment pairs the textualist grounding for Deutsche Bahn deference with a legal-process justification. Because high voting requirements to pass EU legislation give the states the tool they need to defend themselves from anti-competitive actions taken at the EU level, Commission state-aid oversight is not needed for EU legislation. While the same political-process argument could support deference to EU legislation in fundamental freedoms cases, this comment distinguishes state-aid from the fundamental freedoms, arguing that the values underlying the fundamental freedoms—including political unity, and dignitary and personal rights values—cannot be adequately protected even by unanimous voting rules at the EU level.
X-ray Diffraction of Intact Murine Skeletal Muscle as a Tool for Studying the Structural Basis of Muscle Disease

Transgenic mouse models have been important tools for studying the relationship of genotype to phenotype for human diseases including those of skeletal muscle. Mouse skeletal muscle has been shown to produce high quality X-ray diffraction patterns on third generation synchrotron beamlines providing an opportunity to link changes at the level of the genotype to functional phenotypes in health and disease by determining the structural consequences of genetic changes. We present detailed protocols for preparation of specimens, collecting the X-ray patterns and extracting relevant structural parameters from the X-ray patterns that may help guide experimenters wishing to perform such experiments for themselves.
Myonecrosis: A Rare Complication of Cryoneurolysis.

Abstract Background Considered a safe and effective procedure, cryoneurolysis has been used to provide pain relief for chronic joint pain for decades. The procedure is similar to common ultrasound-guided percutaneous procedures. Although the literature is limited on the efficacy and safety of cryoneurolysis, there is a consensus that the use of cryoneurolysis is effective, with a risk profile similar to that of other percutaneous procedures. Case Report We are reporting the case of a 74-year-old male who underwent cryoneurolysis for chronic right knee pain. Initially, the patient had complete symptomatic improvement, but subsequently developed rigors and right knee swelling, prompting him to seek emergency medical care. Computed tomography angiography was significant for myonecrosis and phlegmon with early abscess formation. The patient continued to improve symptomatically with i.v. antibiotics. He was discharged home on hospital day 8 with a peripherally inserted central catheter. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Cryoneurolysis will likely continue to gain popularity as an option for pain management in osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases. It is essential for physicians to be alert to the possibility of severe, albeit rare, complications of a seemingly safe procedure, given the potential to impact a patient's morbidity and quality of life drastically.
Be inFLUential: Evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to increase influenza vaccination rates among pediatric inpatients.

Abstract Background and Objective Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for individual ≥6 months of age, yet vaccination rates remain below national targets in the US. Hospitalization provides another medical setting for influenza vaccination, but the effectiveness of inpatient interventions has not been well studied. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to increase influenza vaccination rates among pediatric inpatients. Methods We conducted a pre-post interventional study on medical inpatient units at Children’s Hospital Colorado from September 2016-April 2017 (pre-intervention) and September 2017-April 2018 (intervention). The intervention targeted nurses (web-based education modules, huddles and reminders) and providers (vaccination lists in the electronic health record, reminders, vaccination reports and financial incentives for residents). Outcomes were influenza vaccine ordering rates, and influenza vaccination rates at discharge. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics, bivariate and logistic regression. Results Among 4,050 inpatients in 2016–2017 and 4,523 inpatients in 2017 aged ≥ 6 months, vaccination status was documented for 2,902/4,050 (71.7%) and 3,431/4,523 (75.9%) children aged > 6 months of age hospitalized during the study period. The vaccine ordering rate among eligible children was 28.8% in the pre-intervention season versus 50.2% in the intervention season (p Conclusion A multifaceted intervention targeting nurses, residents and providers comprising education, visual reminders, vaccination reports and financial incentives is an effective way of improving influenza vaccine ordering, resulting in higher inpatient influenza vaccination rates.
Microstructure and Mechanical Response of an Artificially Aged Al–Mg–Si Alloy: Experiments and Modeling

An extrusion of an Al-0.65Mg-0.92Si alloy (wt%) containing 0.2 wt% Cr was selected and its isothermal aging response at 170 °C was characterized. Tensile properties were measured in the T4 (6 months at room temperature) and T6 (170 °C/10 h) conditions and differences in the yield strength and the work-hardening response are attributed to the β″ precipitates that result during artificial aging. Single crystal micropillars with [111] loading axis were milled from the alloy in the T6 condition, tested in uniaxial compression and the data were analyzed to obtain the critical resolved shear stress. Microstructure in the T4 and T6 conditions was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and dispersoids chemistry and precipitate type, morphology and size distribution were quantified; an analytical model for precipitation kinetics of β″ precipitates by assuming a cylindrical morphology and an aspect ratio that changed with aging time, has been developed and precipitates size, distribution, volume fraction and residual Mg and Si content in solid solution are determined and compared to experimental results. The intent is to eventually extend the precipitation model to understand the effect of alloy composition on precipitation kinetics and then relate microstructure evolution to flow behavior through yield strength and work hardening.
Sadness and depression in PTSD

Abstract Sadness is an emotion characterized by the subjective feeling of unhappiness, negative thoughts, and behavioral withdrawal. Sadness is often associated with depression, but sadness may also play an important role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this chapter, we summarize the empirical evidence for the role of sadness and sadness-related difficulties in PTSD. We start by summarizing epidemiological evidence that depressive disorders are highly comorbid with PTSD, discuss the limited research examining sadness in PTSD, and describe the relatively more developed literature on the related construct of emotional numbing in PTSD. We then discuss implications of sadness and anhedonia for PTSD presentation, including dissociation, rumination, social difficulties, and suicide, and conclude with a discussion of treatment implications.
The effect of resonance on particle-hole entanglement in NSN nanowires

Abstract The shot noise associated with currents in NSN nanowires contains information about dynamical processes in the nanowire. Shot noise in photon currents is always positive due to photon bunching, and in electron currents it is always negative due to fermion anti-bunching. However, for electron currents that pass through a superconductor, the shot noise can become positive, indicating a bunching effect due to electron-hole entanglement induced by Cooper pairs in the superconductor. We compute the current and shot noise in an NSN nanowire with a long superconducting segment, and show that scattering resonances occur in the wire that can diminish Andreev reflection and entanglement of particle-hole pairs in the wire. The effects of resonance can also be seen in the behavior of the shot noise.
Ground Penetrating Radar Data Processing for Concrete Bridge Deck Evaluation

Abstract This paper presents ground-coupled ground penetrating radar (GPR) data-processing procedures for concrete bridge deck evaluation. GPR signals are analyzed in the depth range from the concr...
Effect of environmental enrichment on expressions of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein and apoptotic regulated genes in the hippocampus of immature rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Objective To explore the effect of environmental enrichment intervention on spatial memory function, expressions of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and apoptotic regulated genes (Bcl-2 and Bax) in the hippocampus of immature rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods Two kinds of raising environments were chosen: standard environment and environmental enrichment. Thirty-two Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=10), environmental enrichment group (n=11) and standard environment group (n=11). Rats in both environmental enrichment group and standard environment group were induced animal models of HIBD using the way of Rice-Vannucci. Rats in the sham-operated group and standard environment group were raised in standard environment, while rats in the environmental enrichment group were raised in environmental enrichment. After 21 days of environmental enrichment intervention, the escape latency for searching the hidden platform of immature rats was detected by Morris water maze navigation test. The pCREB protein expression was detected by Western blotting; Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemisty. Results (1) On the fourth and fifth days of Morris water-maze test, the escape latency in the environmental enrichment group was shorter significantly as compared with that in the standard environment group (P<0.05). (2) As compared with the lesion lateral hippocampus of standard environment group, the expressions of pCREB (0.435±0.121 vs. 0.756±0.101) and Bcl-2 (0.103±0.028 vs. 0.165±0.017) in the lesion lateral hippocampus of environmental enrichment group were significantly higher (P<0.05); however, the expression of Bax in the environmental enrichment group was statistically lower (0.402±0.028 vs. 0.325±0.019, P<0.05). Conclusion Environmental enrichment intervention can improve the spatial memory ability in the hippocampus after HIBD, which indicates that the effectiveness of environmental enrichment intervention might be through the pathway of CREB-pCREB-apoptotic regulated genes (Bcl-2 and Bax). Key words: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage; Environmental enrichment; cAMP response element binding protein; Bcl-2; Bax
To promote AIDS preventive health education in schools

In recent years, the annual number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in young students remained to be 3 000 approximately, which has arisen a serious social concern. This paper focuses on the analysis on the epidemic characteristics of AIDS in young students in China and the weak points in preventive health education, and puts forward some thoughts on promoting the preventive health education in schools and introduces a WeChat applet for sexual health and HIV infection risk assessment in young students, which is called "Detective Bear" and developed based on self-categorization theory in Guangzhou to help young students to be aware of their own risks and specific problems and provide individualized intervention for the better implementation of AIDS prevention health education in schools in China in the new era.
The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau

1. Introduction: the life and works of Rousseau Patrick Riley 2. A general overview George Armstrong Kelly 3. Rousseau, Voltaire, and the revenge of Pascal Mark Hulliung 4. Rousseau, Fenelon, and the quarrel between the ancients and the moderns Patrick Riley 5. Rousseau's political philosophy Christopher Brooke 6. Rousseau's general will Patrick Riley 7. Rousseau's images of authority especially in La Nouvelle Heloise Judith Shklar 8. The religious thought Victor Gourevitch 9. Emile: learning to be men, women and citizens Geraint Parry 10. Emile: nature and the education of Sophie Susan Meld Shell 11. Rousseau's Confessions Christopher Kelly 12. Music, politics, theater and representation in Rousseau Tracy Strong and C. N. Dugan 13. The motto Vitam Impendere vero and the question of lying Jean Starobinski 14. Rousseau's Levite of Ephraim: synthesis within a 'minor' work Thomas Kavanagh 15. Ancient Postmodernism in the philosophy of Rousseau Robert Wokler Bibliography.
Employee Recruitment and Selection Procedures of NGOs in Bangladesh: A Study on BRAC

Recruitment and Selection is a foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and its integration to business is critical to achieve organisational strategic goals. Better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. The basic objective of this research is to explore the recruitment and selection procedures of NGOs based on BRAC; with analyzing these some recommendations are made to improve recruitment and selection practices. Here both primary and secondary sources are used for data collection and a structured questionnaire/ check lists was used to keep the research. The findings suggest that the largest NGOs emphasize professionalism and career orientations and implement long-term, forward looking approaches in their selection, recruitment, and remuneration. The small and mid-size NGOs, however, do not possess HR/ personnel management practices of their own; rather they follow and imitate larger members. The implications for HRM practitioners and scope for further research are discussed here.
Cooperative Collection Development Requires Access: SALToC—A Low‐Tech, High‐Value Distributed Online Project for Article‐Level Discovery in Foreign‐Language Print‐Only Journals

Foreign‐language journals are an essential component of interdisciplinary area studies collections at research libraries but are, by definition, low‐use materials. Librarians who select them seek to broaden these collections, reduce duplication, and enable shared access to them. The challenge is lack of article‐level discoverability: these are print‐only journals, not covered in online indexing/abstracting services. If users cannot discover these articles, then how can cooperating libraries share them, and distribute responsibility for collecting them, which is essential to coordinated collection development? The SALToC project collaboratively address this issue by creating simple, centrally browsable tables of contents for target journals, through a low‐tech, low‐cost distributed process that benefits users at all participating libraries. For journals not available online nor included in article databases or indexes, this kind of discovery facilitates research by enabling scholars to use previously undiscoverable holdings of other libraries: they can now issue interlibrary loan, document delivery, and/or offsite retrieval requests, with full citations for desired articles. (Many libraries provide article document delivery, if the requester has a citation). Coordinated collection development (via planned reduction of duplication coupled with broader collective coverage) becomes supportable in the research library community only when shared access (and its prerequisite—discovery) is provided. The South Asian Language Journals Table of
Tissue matrix protein expression in human osteoblasts, osteosarcoma tumors, and osteosarcoma cell lines.

Treatment for osteosarcoma is problematic because there are no prognostic markers. Diagnosis is primarily limited to cytologic grading. Oncogenesis alters cell structure therefore osteoblast tissue matrix proteins (extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal, intermediate filament, and nuclear matrix proteins), components of the cell substructure, are candidates for osteosarcoma markers. Structural proteins of the extracellular matrix, e.g. the collagens, are useful for diagnosis but not for tumors that produce little osteoid. To identify principal cellular tissue matrix proteins that distinguish normal from transformed human osteoblasts, their expression in normal osteoblasts, two osteosarcoma cell lines, and three primary osteosarcoma tumors were compared. The tumors were graded as (i) intermediate, (ii) high, and (iii) high grade recurrent. The 1-D SDS/PAGE profiles of the major components of the nuclear matrix and intermediate filament fractions from normal osteoblasts did not vary with biopsy site, age, or sex of patients. These profiles included known cytoskeletal proteins and OB250, a approximately 250 kD protein(s) observed in the intermediate filament fraction. A loss of protein bands, including OB250, was observed in the osteosarcoma cell lines and tumors. The intermediate and high grade tumors exhibited nearly identical protein profiles including potential tumor-specific proteins and collagen, consistent with the presence of intracellular collagen fibers in osteosarcoma. A microsequence was obtained for OT25, a novel low molecular weight protein observed in osteosarcoma cell lines. Fibrinogen gamma-chain, a protein that mediates cell adhesion was recovered from the high grade recurrent tumor.
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Diagnosis

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Diagnosis is a semistructured interview for making the major DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) diagnoses. Unlike fully structured clinical interviews that may be administered by lay interviewers (e.g., the Diagnostic Interview Schedule), the SCID is a semistructured interview, and it must be administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional. As the most widely used instrument for assessing Axis I disorders, the SCID-I has been used in thousands of research studies since its introduction in 1986. Keywords: assessment; diagnostic interview; DSM-IV-TR; interview
Prior Depression and Health Insurance in Non-receipt of Needed Medical Services

Introduction Rates of non-access to needed medical services are elevated among uninsured and sociodemographic subpopulations. Clinical depression is associated with comorbid medical illness and reduced treatment adherence. The purpose of this study was to examine whether prior depression predicts missed needed medical care independent of health insurance status and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Methods Data were from a cross-sectional representative sample of adult New York City residents, surveyed through the 2009 ( n =9,900) and 2010 ( n =8,622) annual Community Health Survey. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of lifetime depression with missed needed medical care in the past year, with stratification by health insurance status and adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics. Analyses were performed in 2014. Results Prior depression was associated with missed needed medical care among both insured (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.7, 2.2) and uninsured adults (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3, 2.4). Missed needed care report was associated with uninsured status (OR=3.6, 95% CI=3.1, 4.0), controlling for employment, income, and demographics. Conclusions Prior depression corresponded to greater probability of missed needed medical care report in the previous year, independent of health insurance status, employment, income, and demographics.
Structure May Be Key to Incorporating Library School Interns in Academic Library Environments

Objective – To evaluate the effectiveness of the San Jose State University Library internship program. Design – Focus group; single point in time; qualitative design. Setting – Large academic library in the United States of America. Subjects – Nine former interns of the San Jose State University (SJSU) Library. Methods - Nine former interns of the SJSU Library internship program participated in a single 90-minute session. No inducements for participation were offered. A moderator asked a series of 10 questions designed to gather feedback in three areas: 1) “the internship as part of the Masters program,” 2) “the internship’s role in the realization of personal objectives and professional development,” and 3) “the experience of working in team based activities.” A digital voice recorder captured the participants’ responses, allowing for detailed analysis of the responses after the session. Main Results – The interns deemed their overall experience successful, as all indicated they achieved their professional development objectives for the internship. However, the interns also indicated their experience could have been improved by the appointment of a single dedicated coordinator for recruitment and oversight, as well as more feedback on the quality of their work, especially for course-related instruction. Conclusion – The SJSU Library determined that the internship program was advantageous to both the Library and the interns. All of the interns who participated in the focus group achieved their profession development objectives for the internship. Additionally, the Library received valuable feedback for improving the program. Suggestions included appointing a dedicated internship coordinator, allowing interns more of an opportunity to choose their projects, and ensuring that interns are offered frequent feedback about the quality of their work.
Binding Connectivity in Copular Sentences

This paper takes as its point of departure the hypothesis that surface structures directly receive a model theoretic interpretation, without being mapped into (or derived from) a mediating level such as deep structure or LF. In particular, I am concerned with those cases centering around binding which are often thought to necessitate some kind of abstract level. Note that the standard view of binding and binding constraints is that there are two items a binder and a bindee and that these have to be in some particular syntactic relationship in order for binding to take place. It is, however, well known that there are many cases where on the surface the two items are not in fact in the appropriate configurational relationship the usual solution is thus to posit some abstract level at which they are. But an alternative solution is to reject the idea that binding is a relationship between two NPs in a given syntactic configuration, and this is the view which will be taken here. In this paper, I will concentrate on one instance of (apparently) unexpected binding effects found in specificational copular sentences. Copular sentences are particularly illuminating in this regard since they in fact exhibit a variety of connectivity effects; a few of these are sketched in (1).
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinico-pathologic features and emerging molecular mechanisms.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a syndrome designation describing inherited disorders in which lower extremity weakness and spasticity are the predominant symptoms. There are more than 50 genetic types of HSP. HSP affects individuals of diverse ethnic groups with prevalence estimates ranging from 1.2 to 9.6 per 100,000. Symptoms may begin at any age. Gait impairment that begins after childhood usually worsens very slowly over many years. Gait impairment that begins in infancy and early childhood may not worsen significantly. Postmortem studies consistently identify degeneration of corticospinal tract axons (maximal in the thoracic spinal cord) and degeneration of fasciculus gracilis fibers (maximal in the cervico-medullary region). HSP syndromes thus appear to involve motor-sensory axon degeneration affecting predominantly (but not exclusively) the distal ends of long central nervous system (CNS) axons. In general, proteins encoded by HSP genes have diverse functions including (1) axon transport (e.g. SPG30/KIF1A, SPG10/KIF5A and possibly SPG4/Spastin); (2) endoplasmic reticulum morphology (e.g. SPG3A/Atlastin, SPG4/Spastin, SPG12/reticulon 2, and SPG31/REEP1, all of which interact); (3) mitochondrial function (e.g. SPG13/chaperonin 60/heat-shock protein 60, SPG7/paraplegin; and mitochondrial ATP6); (4) myelin formation (e.g. SPG2/Proteolipid protein and SPG42/Connexin 47); (5) protein folding and ER-stress response (SPG6/NIPA1, SPG8/K1AA0196 (Strumpellin), SGP17/BSCL2 (Seipin), “mutilating sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia” owing to CcT5 mutation and presumably SPG18/ERLIN2); (6) corticospinal tract and other neurodevelopment (e.g. SPG1/L1 cell adhesion molecule and SPG22/thyroid transporter MCT8); (7) fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism (e.g. SPG28/DDHD1, SPG35/FA2H, SPG39/NTE, SPG54/DDHD2, and SPG56/CYP2U1); and (8) endosome membrane trafficking and vesicle formation (e.g. SPG47/AP4B1, SPG48/KIAA0415, SPG50/AP4M1, SPG51/AP4E, SPG52/AP4S1, and VSPG53/VPS37A). The availability of animal models (including bovine, murine, zebrafish, Drosophila, and C. elegans) for many types of HSP permits exploration of disease mechanisms and potential treatments. This review highlights emerging concepts of this large group of clinically similar disorders.
Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen — His role in the development of binary diagrams and modern physical metallurgy

This biographical sketch of Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen was motivated by the centennial anniversary of his famous report of 1897. In the discussion session, Roberts-Austen presented his so-called “first” T-x diagram for the Fe-C system. Though not itself an equilibrium phase diagram, it became one in 1899 when H.W.B. Roozeboom modified an updated (“second”) version in accordance with the phase rule of J.W. Gibbs. In 1875 Sir William pioneered the use of T****-x diagrams for alloy systems, even before reliable thermocouples were available. Eventually, after Chatelier’s Pt, Pt-10% Rh thermocouple proved reliable for high temperature work, Roberts-Austen incorporated it in his own revolutionary invention: a mechanical autographic temperature recorder. Electronic versions are still used in all modern industrial plants and research labs.
Thermal imaging for law enforcement and security: post 9-11

Video systems are the backbone of most modern security systems. They help security personnel detect and recognize people who don’t belong in specific areas and who warrant suspicion. Low cost, low power uncooled thermal imaging sensors have completely changed the way the world views the video systems used in security, surveillance and law enforcement. Thermal Imaging (TI) is the only completely passive, all-weather, 24-hr surveillance tool that allows security personnel to take back the night, something they couldn’t do with inferior techniques of surveillance. This paper addresses advances in IR senosrs for law enforcement and security. It also addresses the bigger picture of using these sensors in the ever evolving and improving law enforcement and security surveillance system.
An experimental examination of an impulsively started incompressible turbulent jet

The transient morphology and entrained fluid distribution of an impulsively started turbulent jet are studied in an experiment that examines a jet of dyed water injected into a large water reservoir. The images obtained, using a video recorder, are processed to determine the time-dependent length, tip velocity, and volume of the jet. Abel inversion is used in conjunction with digital images to examine the transient distribution of the ambient fluid entrained into the jet. Results from the analysis also describe the self-similarity of the jet’s flow and entrainment.