cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling of silicon nanoparticle growth in low temperature flowing plasmas

Low temperature plasmas are an emerging method to synthesize high quality nanoparticles (NPs). An established and successful technique to produce NPs is using a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) in cylindrical geometry. Although a robust synthesis technique, optimizing or specifying NP properties using CCPs, is challenging. In this paper, results from a computational investigation for the growth of silicon NPs in flowing inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) using Ar/SiH4 gas mixtures of up to a few Torr are discussed. ICPs produce more locally constrained and quiescent plasma potentials. These positive plasma potentials produce an electrostatic trap for negatively charged NPs, which can significantly extend the residence time of NPs in the plasma, which in turn provides a controllable period for particle growth. The computational platforms used in this study consist of a two-dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model, a three-dimensional nanoparticle growth and trajectory tracking model, and a molecular dynamics simulation for deriving reactive sticking coefficients of silane radicals on Si NPs. Trends for the nanoparticle growth as a function of SiH4 inlet fraction, gas residence time, energy deposition per particle, pressure, and reactor diameter are discussed. The general path for particle synthesis is the trapping of small NPs in the positive electrostatic potential, followed by entrainment in the gas flow upon reaching a critical particle size. Optimizing or controlling NP synthesis then depends on the spatial distribution of plasma potential, the density of growth species, and the relative time that particles spend in the electrostatic trap and flowing through higher densities of growth species upon leaving the trap.
Statins in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

While statins play an indisputable role in primary and secondary prevention of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, a concern exists regarding a possible association between low lipoprotein levels and statin use on the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). While these data may incline physicians to discontinue statins after ICH, an increasing amount of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that statins might have a beneficial effect on outcome and recovery in this context that goes beyond lipid lowering effects. Different etiologies of ICH and the related risk of recurrence should also be taken into account when deciding about statin use/avoidance in patients with high risk of ICH. The problem is compounded by paucity of data from randomized controlled trials and well-designed prospective observational studies. This review will discuss the existing evidence on potential interactions between statins and risk of ICH as well as outcomes in order to provide practical recommendations for clinical decision-making.
An Analysis of Institutional Guidance and Case Law in the USA Pertaining to Compliance Programs

Well-designed and implemented compliance and ethics programs are integral in the prevention of corporate misconduct. In the United States, such programs play an especially critical role due to the recent increased targeting of violators and enforcement of relevant laws and regulations, especially the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Although programs may manifest differently depending on the structure of the organization in question, there is a general consensus on the baseline components of effective programs, including a code of conduct, clear policies and procedures, substantial involvement by management, training programs, disciplinary measures, and ongoing monitoring and improvement. Moreover, there are multiple benefits of effective programs that provide incentives for proper design and implementation. These incentives include preventing reputational penalties, mitigating legal liability, and potentially improving financial performance. Unsurprisingly, however, there are also potential risks and criticisms that should also be considered, the most significant being ineffective and costly programs. Various sources from the United States are instructive in providing guidance regarding the components and qualities of effective ethics and compliance programs. These sources include legislation, case law, sentencing guidelines, and various memoranda, reports, and publications from the Department of Justice and Securities Exchange Commission, who are primarily responsible for enforcement and investigation. With all these factors considered, the evolution of the role of compliance and ethics programs is promising as a strategy and tool in the fight against corporate misconduct.
Looking Backward at Science Writing

(1971). Looking Backward at Science Writing. Environmental Education: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 32-33.
Holt–Winters Exponential Smoothing

The Holt–Winters exponential smoothing method was first introduced more than half a century ago for the seasonal time series forecast and it is still one of the most popular forecasting systems widely used in production planning, inventory control, and many other application areas. Numerous empirical studies have confirmed the accuracy and robustness of this simple method, compared to many other sophisticated forecasting techniques. Recently, the underlying optimal time series models of this heuristic method have been found and they provide the theoretical foundation for obtaining the statistical properties of this method. This article aims to provide a succinct summary of the basic Holt–Winters method and help readers understand and appreciate this simple, yet powerful, forecasting technique. Keywords: forecasting; time series; trend; seasonal; Holt-Winters method
Cultural Trends as Seen in Ngrams: Karl Polanyi with a Hayekian Twist

In this very casual paper, I reproduce results from the Google Ngram Viewer. The main thrust is to show that around 1880 governmentalization of society and culture began to set in — a great transformation, as Karl Polanyi called it. But that great transformation came as a reaction to commercial society and liberalism, the first great transformation. I affirm a congruence between the narrative of Polanyi and that of Friedrich Hayek, and side with Hayek’s attitudes about both transformations. The Ngrams shown include liberty, constitutional liberty, faith, eternity, God, social gospel, college professors, psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, criminology, new liberalism, old liberalism, public school system, Pledge of Allegiance, income tax, government control, run the country, lead the country, lead the nation, national unity, priorities, social justice, equal opportunity, economic inequality, forced to work, living wage, social needs, our society, bundle of rights, property rights, capitalism, right-wing, left-wing, virtue, wisdom, prudence, benevolence, diligence, fortitude, propriety, ought, good conduct, bad conduct, good works, evil, sentiments, impartial, objective, subjective, normative, values, preferences, beliefs, and information.
High resolution spectra of dideuteroacetylene: Analysis of the bands at 4.1 μ☆

Abstract Observation, measurement and analysis of high resolution infrared bands of C2D2 occurring at 4.1 μ have been presented. Eleven bands were identified and the molecular constants involved in the transitions were evaluated. Particular attention was paid to systematizing the nomenclature.
ODF maxima extraction in spherical harmonic representation via analytical search space reduction

By revealing complex fiber structure through the orientation distribution function (ODF), q-ball imaging has recently become a popular reconstruction technique in diffusion-weighted MRI. In this paper, we propose an analytical dimension reduction approach to ODF maxima extraction. We show that by expressing the ODF, or any antipodally symmetric spherical function, in the common fourth order real and symmetric spherical harmonic basis, the maxima of the two-dimensional ODF lie on an analytically derived one-dimensional space, from which we can detect the ODF maxima. This method reduces the computational complexity of the maxima detection, without compromising the accuracy. We demonstrate the performance of our technique on both artificial and human brain data.
Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems]—XCII

Abstract Energetic factors governing the McLafferty rearrangement of ketones are discussed. Through the use of deuterium labeled n-butyl-isobutyl ketones it is shown that when two competing alternatives for the transfer of a hydrogen atom from a γ-position are available abstraction of a secondary hydrogen will be highly favored over a primary one. Other effects, such as the stability of the final products and preferred conformations must also be taken into account. The itinerant hydrogen atoms in the double McLafferty rearrangement of aliphatic ketones, which hitherto have not been investigated, are shown to be principally the γ- and γ′-hydrogen atoms.
Equine skull magnetic resonance imaging: The where, when and why?

. 2012). When compared tothe use of MRI to detect appendicular skeletal lesions in horses,equine skull MRI represents an area of limited growth. Whileusing MRI to examine the equine head can be a challengingprocess, it consistently provides beneficial diagnosticinformation to the patient and treating clinician, in this author’sexperience.The equine skull is an extremely complex anatomicstructure, making it most suitable to be assessed withcross-sectional imaging techniques (computed tomography[CT] or MRI). With respect to disease processes, the anatomicareas of the skull can be considered in relation to theirfunctional components of dental, sinonasal and neurologicalstructures. It is important to consider the area of interest whenpursuing equine skull MRI, as imaging the entire skull is notalways possible. This is illustrated in the ameloblastoma casepresentation in this issue (Koch
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus: A Psychological Study of Unrepaired Shame:

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s modern Prometheus [1] shows us the eternal punishment of unrepaired shame—eternal entrapment within the shame triangle of victim, perpetrator and rescuer. This paper describes how Shelley’s insight—that lack of love creates a monster living in shame—is being confirmed by neuroscience and how this is exemplified in two characters—the creature and Victor Frankenstein. Additionally, it delineates how pastoral counselors can help those suffering from unrepaired shame. [1] In Greek mythology, Prometheus is a Titan god, a champion of mankind, known for his wily intelligence. He stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus punished him by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back and be eaten again in eternal punishment.
Wearable conformal SCMR systems

The performance of a compact wearable wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) is presented. This wearable CSCMR system consists of a receiver that is printed on a circuit board and it is attached to a polyester fabric band. The high efficiency of this WPT system is validated through simulations and measurements. The proposed design does not occupy a large volume, and can be easily printed on substrates. Therefore, it is suitable for applications, such as wearable devices and health monitoring.
British feminism and the equal pay issue in the 1930s

Abstract Did British feminism become moribund during the 1930s? It is often assumed that feminism as an organised movement virtually disappeared from the late 1920s until it re-emerged in the late 1960s. This paper suggests that view needs revision by showing that an active feminist movement existed during the 1930s, and that it conducted a campaign for equal pay in the civil service which culminated in a parliamentary vote for reform even though the Government opposed it. Although the Government later forced Parliament to reverse its vote, the campaign indicates the need for further research on 1930s feminist groups, such as the London and National Society for women's Service (subsequently the Fawcett Society), and its leaders, Ray and Philippa Strachey
Large weak isospin and the W mass

A variation of the usual SU(2)L × U(1)Y weak interaction theory is proposed in which strongly coupled scalars φ transform as NN's of SU(2)L and as an (N, N) of a global SU(N)L × SU(N)R. The gauge group is embedded in the global group so that when SU(N)L × SU(N)R breaks down to SU(N)V it breaks SU(2)L × U(1)EM. This scheme preserves the tree-level relation MZMW = 1/cosθW. Radiative corrections (ΔMW) to MW are then discussed and it is found that (a) the screening theorem holds, i.e. ΔMW2 ∼ αMW2 ln ξ not αMH2ln ξ where ξ ≡ MH2MW2 and MH = scalar mass ∼ 1 TeV. A simple symmetry argument accounts for this. (b) Radiative corrections increase with the size N of the weak multiplet as N4. If we demand MWtheor < (MWCERN + 3 standard deviations) then N < 5 (MWCERN is as reported from the UA1 pp experiment and we take ξ ∼ α−1). The model may be interpreted as an effective theory for an underlying renormalizable technicolor theory.
Measuring software quality: a case study

The National Security Agency's (NSA) mission is to provide support for the security of the United States. Over the years, the Agency has become extremely dependent on the software that makes up its information technology infrastructure. NSA has come to view software as a critical resource upon which much of the world's security, prosperity, and economic competitiveness increasingly rests. To ensure cost effective delivery of high quality software, NSA has analyzed effective quality measures applied to a sample code base of 25 million lines. This case study dramatically illustrates the benefits of code level measurement activities.
Developmental normative data for the Baron-Hopkins Board test of spatial location memory

Developmentally appropriate domain-specific tests with strong psychometric properties for preschoolers are lacking and infrequently developed. Baron’s modification of the Hopkins Board test (B-HB) to assess spatial location learning and recall in 3- and 6-year-old children has shown promise in the study of young children born prematurely. Current study data were analyzed on 172 typically developing children at age 3 years and 193 at age 6 years, born at term (≥ 37 weeks; ≥ 2500 grams). Statistically significant gender differences were found and data stratification of T-scores and percentile ranks are provided for each of the eight B-HB measures. The B-HB’s strong interrater reliability (99.5%), low-to-moderate test-retest reliability across the 3-year age span, Pearson correlations showing criterion validity, and differential functioning from other selective attention and visuospatial/visuoperceptual tests provide initial normative data for this novel measure of spatial location memory in young children.
Constructing an Archival Cityscape: Local Views of Colonial Urbanism in the French Protectorate of Morocco

Existing studies of colonial architecture and urbanism in Morocco—much as in the case of France's other African holdings—usually highlight the political intentions of foreign administrators, not the local residents who lived and worked there. After three years of research in Moroccan archives, I came upon many primary sources that will allow historians to show Moroccans as energetic actors who shaped urban life in the French Protectorate (1912-56). The documents that I found hold significant potential for unraveling the social history of trades, neighborhoods, and institutions in the medina. The term “medina” designates the narrow streets and walled quarters of the premodern city, which colonial administrators kept distinct from the modern Ville Nouvelle built for European use. These sources make it clear that French administrators implementing urban policies in the medina faced the day-to-day responses of ordinary Moroccans of various social and economic classes. More importantly, they suggest that the colonial encounter played a secondary role in the quotidian choices of these residents, who worried more about relations with other locals, such as trouble-some neighbors or avaricious shopkeepers, than with French officers and civilians located in the Ville Nouvelle.My own research focuses on the experiences of millers and butchers in Fez, but my insights into the archival treasures of this North African kingdom will help historians interested in other cities and socio-economic groupings. In this paper I will discuss five distinct types of documentation: archives of the municipality, archives of the Department of Fine Arts, documentation on religious endowments, land titles, and transcripts of judicial proceedings. By exploiting these sources, historians can begin to reconsider how and why Moroccans shaped the physical and socio-economic development of their cities.
Androgens Enhance in Vivo 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake By Rat Striated Muscle*

It is shown that testosterone propionate (TP) causes a striking increase in the in vivo uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) by the levator ani muscle of immature male rats, which was found to be uniformly distributed over the entire muscle. After a single subcutaneous injection of TP, no enhancement of 2-DG was observed before 3.5 hr, at which time uptake was increased 2-fold; maximum enhancement (4-fold) was attained at 12 hr. At 72 hr, 2-DG uptake remained elevated at twice the control value. It was determined that the effect of TP probably is mediated by specific androgen receptors. In addition, it was found that the effect of TP was blocked by the simultaneous administration of an androgen antagonist, cyproterone acetate. TP also was found to enhance the uptake of 2-DG in the bulbocavernosus (253 percent over control) and extensor digitorum longus muscles (150 percent over control), but not in the biceps brachii or soleus. It is suggested that the increased uptake of glucose may be an important early step in the anabolic response of muscle to androgens.
Giant field-induced deformation of nematic and isotropic liquid crystal drops.

Nematic circular drops of the liquid crystals 5CB and MBBA suspended in their isotropic phases exhibit an electric-field-induced deformation into an elliptical shape extended normal to the applied field which is many times larger than that found in nonliquid crystal systems, a result of the low nematic-isotropic interfacial tension. Isotropic drops suspended in a nematic phase also exhibit large deformation, but of opposite sign. In both cases the deformation is proportional to the applied field squared and decreases in amplitude with increasing frequency, a result of the conductivity relaxation of the liquid crystal.
Age moderates the relationship between social support and psychosocial problems

Social support is commonly assumed to protect people from the experience of psychological distress and to enhance well-being. However, past research shows that the effectiveness of social support from family members and friends varies over the life span. Both the stage model of life satisfaction and compensatory processes associated with aging provide accounts for why this may be the case. Accordingly, age was predicted to moderate the association between perceived functional and structural social support and the experience of depressive symptoms and loneliness. Age was also predicted to be associated with lower relationship standards that allow people to remain content regardless of whether available social support decreases. This moderational model was tested in a community-based sample of 325 adults ranging in age from 19 to 85 years. Results indicated that social support from family members and sheer contact with them, as well as social support from a spouse or partner, was most strongly and negatively related to the psychosocial problems in the younger participants. Age also moderated the association between relationship standards and loneliness. Consistent with the assumptions of the stage model of life satisfaction and previous research on compensatory processes associated with aging, older people do not appear to be as dependent as younger people on receiving social support from diverse sources in order to maintain a sense of well-being.
The examination of emotion dysregulation as a moderator of depression and HIV-relevant outcome relations among an HIV+sample.

The present study examined whether emotion dysregulation moderated the relations between depressive symptoms and HIV symptoms, HIV medication adherence due to medication side effects, avoidant coping, and distress tolerance among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Participants included 115 PLHA (16.8% female; Mage = 49.70, SD = 8.57). Results indicated that there was a significant interaction between depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation in relation to HIV symptoms, HIV medication adherence due to medication side effects, avoidant coping, and distress tolerance. The form of the interaction indicated that PLHA experiencing higher depressive symptoms and higher levels of emotion dysregulation reported the highest levels of HIV symptoms and lowest levels of distress tolerance. Additionally, results indicated that at lower levels of depressive symptoms, very high levels of emotion dysregulation predicted higher rates of medication nonadherence, whereas at higher levels of depressive symptoms, very hi...
Reactions of the nitrosonium ion. VII. Syntheses of dihydroisoquinolines and oxazoles from azides in nitrile solvents

N-Alkylnitrilium salts are cleanly produced from alkyl azides by reaction with nitrosonium salts in nitrile solvents. Syntheses of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines from nitrilium ions formed in this method from 2-phenylethyl azide are described. Oxazoles are readily formed from phenacyl azides by this general method; the advantages of oxazole syntheses through azide nitrosation are discussed.
Obstacles to corporate innovation

Shelby H. Mcln tyre is an assistant professor of market ing at the Univers i ty of Santa Clara in California. He was formerly an industrial engineer for General Electric and vice pres ident of operat ions for two manufac tur ing companies . He is the author of numerous articles. It is difficult for large corporations to be innovative because of characteristics inherent in their structure. But, with determination and the proper emphasis from top management, it can be done.
Non-commutativity in a time-dependent background

Abstract We compute a time-dependent non-commutativity parameter in a model with a time-dependent background, a spacetime metric of the plane wave type supported by a Neveu–Schwarz two-form potential. This model is the open string version of the WZW model based on a non-semi-simple group previously studied by Nappi and Witten. Like its closed string counterpart, it is exactly conformally invariant to all orders in α′. We quantize the sigma-model in light-cone gauge, compute the worldsheet propagator, and use it to derive the non-commutativity parameter.
Vertical jaw relations as a factor in partial dentures.

Abstract A deep vertical overlap of the anterior teeth, coupled with a considerable loss of posterior interridge distance, poses a great problem in the construction of partial dentures. This might tempt a dentist to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion to accommodate the denture. The final decision to restore the lost vertical dimension should be made only after evaluating all of the conditions involved in the problem. The treatment procedure should be carefully selected if a permanent restoration of the occlusion is to be accomplished. In adults, the mandible should not be displaced beyond the physiologic limits. The deep vertical overlap of anterior teeth can be corrected by intruding the incisors or encouraging the eruption of the posterior teeth or by building up occlusion with onlays, bridges, and splints. However, in doing so, the interocclusal distance should never be completely eliminated. A cephalometric method of determining the amount of interocclusal distance has been described, and the consequences of encroaching upon the interocclusal distance are discussed.
Single-borehole and cross-borehole resistivity anomalies of thin ellipsoids and spheroids

Hole‐to‐hole resistivity measurement is a useful method of detecting deeply buried fractures and ore deposits in the subsurface. With drilling costs continually rising, there is a growing need for developing methods of borehole geophysics such as this. In this study, we present theoretical results relating to detection of thin oblate spheroids and ellipsoids with arbitrary attitude. If we assume that individual fractures within a fracture zone are connected to each other and are of finite lateral and vertical extent, then we can model the fracture zone as a thin conductive oblate ellipsoid or spheroid with arbitrary orientation of the major axis. Detection of such deeply buried fracture zones is the object of this study. Here the effects of the surface of the Earth are neglected and the body is assumed to be enclosed within an infinite homogeneous mass. The surface of the body is divided into a series of subsurfaces, and a numerical solution of the Fredholm integral equation is applied. Once a solution fo...
Head-Discharge Relationships for Submerged Labyrinth Weirs

Low-head labyrinth weir control structures installed on mild sloping channels or where the channel downstream of the weir is constricting and/or heavily vegetated can experience submergence. Weir submergence occurs when the tailwater surpasses the weir crest elevation, causing an increase in the upstream driving head for a given discharge, relative to a free-discharge condition. The most familiar relationship for predicting submerged weir head-discharge relationships is likely that of James R. Villemonte, which he published in 1947 for sharp-crested linear weirs. For lack of a better alternative, Villemonte’s relation has also been applied to predicting submerged labyrinth weir performance. A new dimensionless submerged head relationship developed in this study is presented for submerged labyrinth weirs. A similar relationship is also presented for linear sharp-crested weirs. The accuracy of the submerged linear weir relationship was equivalent to Villemonte’s and is simpler to solve when working in terms...
The many faces of ITAMs

Innate and adaptive immune responses are regulated by receptors that signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). The molecular basis of ITAM signaling has been extensively characterized and serves as a model for receptor-mediated signal transduction. Src family kinases typically phosphorylate ITAMs on dual tyrosines, which enable recruitment and activation of Syk family kinases through binding to dual SH2 domains on these kinases. Examples of ITAM-based signaling that do not conform precisely to the standard model are becoming increasingly common. ITAMs that suppress signaling under specific conditions and activate under others have been described, as have ITAM-like signaling mechanisms using nonstandard sequence motifs. Elucidating the diversity of ITAM-based signaling mechanisms will clarify how activating signals generated by ITAMs are tightly regulated and will open opportunities for specific therapeutic manipulation of ITAM-based signaling pathways.
The use of eigenpenalty parameters in structural stability analysis

In a recent publication, it has been mathematically proven that the eigenvalues of systems with constraints can be bracketed by replacing the constraints with positive and negative pairs of either ordinary or eigenpenalty parameters. This approach has already been demonstrated in the calculation of natural frequencies of systems subjected to both absolute constraints (such as supports) and relative constraints (rigid connections between multiple degrees of freedom). This study demonstrates that positive and negative penalty functions applied to the matrix associated with the eigenvalue can be used to enforce essential boundary conditions and rigid connections to determine the critical loads of linear elastic structures using the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure.
Biologic and pharmacologic effects of harringtonine on human leukemia-lymphoma cells

Ten human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines were tested for the growth-inhibitory effects of harringtonine (HT). HT was most active against HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and least active against DND-41 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, with a 70-fold differential activity. Sensitivity of the cell lines is, in decreasing order: HL-60 > RPMI-8402 > DND-39A ≃ ML-2 ≃ MOLT-3 ≃ KG-1 > Daudi ≃ NALL-1 > BALM-2 > DND-41. The cell lines with rapid cell growth tended to be more sensitive to HT. To further elucidate the selectivity of the differential sensitivity, uptake and release of HT were compared in HL-60 and DND-41 cells. Uptake of [3H]HT into HL-60 and DND-41 cells showed no difference; however, the binding of [3H]HT to cellular components was > 16-fold higher in HL-60 cells than DND-41 cells. There were also minor, but significant differences in the inhibition of [3H]leucine incorporation into proteins of these two cell lines in the presence of 1 μg/ml HT. To test whether the biological effects of HT are related to the concentration of, or exposure time to, HT, KG-1 cells were exposed to HT for different periods of time and the growth-inhibitory effects were compared. Increasing exposure time from 1 h to 3 h resulted in a 100-fold decrease in concentration x exposure time (c x t) at ID50; from 3 h to 6 h, in a 20-fold decrease at ID70; and from 6 h to 24 h, in a 16-fold decrease at ID90. HT was not inactivated by cells up to 24 h. These results indicate that (a) the sensitivity of different cell lines to HT may be related to the degree of HT binding; and (b) the effects of HT are more dependent on exposure time than concentration. Continuous infusion is thus rational for clinical trials of this drug, and the degree of HT binding to leukemic cells may be predictive of clinical response.
Complex molecule formation around massive young stellar objects.

Interstellar complex organic molecules were first identified in the hot inner regions of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs), but have more recently been found in many colder sources, indicating that complex molecules can form at a range of temperatures. However, individually these observations provide limited constraints on how complex molecules form, and whether the same formation pathways dominate in cold, warm and hot environments. To address these questions, we use spatially resolved observations from the Submillimeter Array of three MYSOs together with mostly unresolved literature data to explore how molecular ratios depend on environmental parameters, especially temperature. Towards the three MYSOs, we find multiple complex organic emission peaks characterized by different molecular compositions and temperatures. In particular, CH3CCH and CH3CN seem to always trace a lukewarm (T ≈ 60 K) and a hot (T > 100 K) complex chemistry, respectively. These spatial trends are consistent with abundance–temperature correlations of four representative complex organics – CH3CCH, CH3CN, CH3OCH3 and CH3CHO – in a large sample of complex molecule hosts mined from the literature. Together, these results indicate a general chemical evolution with temperature, i.e. that new complex molecule formation pathways are activated as a MYSO heats up. This is qualitatively consistent with model predictions. Furthermore, these results suggest that ratios of complex molecules may be developed into a powerful probe of the evolutionary stage of a MYSO, and may provide information about its formation history.
Stability of the monoclinic phase in the ferroelectric perovskite PbZr1-xTixO3

Recent structural studies of ferroelectric ${\mathrm{PbZr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZT) with $x=0.48,$ have revealed a monoclinic phase in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), previously regarded as the boundary separating the rhombohedral and tetragonal regions of the PZT phase diagram. In the present paper, the stability region of all three phases has been established from high-resolution synchrotron x-ray powder-diffraction measurements on a series of highly homogeneous samples with $0.42l~xl~0.52.$ At 20 K, the monoclinic phase is stable in the range $0.46l~xl~0.51,$ and this range narrows as the temperature is increased. A first-order phase transition from tetragonal to rhombohedral symmetry is observed only for $x=0.45.$ The MPB, therefore, corresponds not to the tetragonal-rhombohedral phase boundary, but instead to the boundary between the tetragonal and monoclinic phases for $0.46l~xl~0.51.$ This result provides important insight into the close relationship between the monoclinic phase and the striking piezoelectric properties of PZT; in particular, investigations of poled samples have shown that the monoclinic distortion is the origin of the unusually high piezoelectric response of PZT.
Characteristics of Hoarding in Older Adults

Objective This study determined the clinical characteristics of late-life hoarding disorder (HD). Methods Older adults (age 60 and older) with HD (n = 55) and without psychiatric diagnoses (n = 39) were compared on psychiatric, functional, cognitive, and health-related measures. Associations between age and clinical characteristics in a large sample of mixed age (n = 210; age range: 20–78) participants with HD were also determined. Results Individuals with late-life HD were characterized by substantial impairments in psychiatric, functional, cognitive, and medical status. Health risks (e.g., risks of falls and fire) were also common. However, older age was generally not associated with increased severity of hoarding or other clinical correlates (with the exception of one global clinician-rated measure of severity). Conclusions Late-life HD is characterized by considerable morbidity and health risks, and these characteristics may be consistent across the lifespan in cross-sectional mixed-age samples of individuals with HD.
Operantly conditioned firing patterns of epileptic neurons in the monkey motor cortex

Abstract In an awake rhesus monkey we operantly conditioned the activity of single precentral pyramidal tract cells near a chronic alumina-induced epileptic focus. Units chosen for conditioning fired predominantly in stereotyped high-frequency long-first-interval bursts. Most units also exhibited brief periods of tonic regular firing, typical of normal precentral cells. The proportion of spikes occurring as long-first-interval bursts was determined on the basis of interspike intervals and defined as the epileptic index. Operantly reinforcing transient increases in unit activity with applesauce produced increases in average rates in all nine cells, with no consistent change in the mean epileptic index. Reinforcing transient decreases in firing rate produced a clear decrease in average rate for two cells, no sustained rate changes in six, and an increase in one; the average epileptic index did not change consistently, although transient pauses in cell activity were invariably preceded and followed by long-first-interval bursts. Reinforcing decreases in the epileptic index produced a sustained drop in the number of long-first-interval bursts/min and a concomitant increase in both regular firing and total rate. Reinforcing an increase in epileptic index produced no consistent changes. These results suggest that firing patterns of epileptic cells may be synaptically modified in awake animals. Analysis of reinforced responses suggest that transient increases in synaptic drive generating higher rates may also decrease the proportion of long-first-interval bursts.
Interactive Multimedia in an Informal Setting: The Use of a Multimedia Information Kiosk by University Students:

This article reports on a study that evaluated the use of a multimedia information kiosk by university students over a period of two years. It examined the users' perception of the system, their media preferences, and their patterns of use through actual on-line data and survey information. The results of the study highlighted several important features that an effective public access systems should have: 1) multiple navigation paths to accommodate users with different needs, 2) simple graphical user interface, and 3) visual media as the primary presentation means. Implications for designing public access systems and for future research were discussed.
Bolted double-lap composite joints under mechanical and thermal loading

This study concerns the determination of the contact stresses and contact region around bolt holes and the bolt load distribution in single- and double-lap joints of composite laminates with arbitrarily located bolts under general mechanical loading conditions and uniform temperature change. The unknown contact stress distribution and contact region between the bolt and laminates and the interaction among the bolts require the bolt load distribution, as well as the contact stresses, to be as part of the solution. The present method is based on the complex potential theory and the variational formulation in order to account for bolt stiffness, bolt-hole clearance, and finite geometry of the composite laminates.
Inspiring teamwork & communication with a content management system

Content Management Systems (CMS) take may shapes and forms and most are familiar with them. CMSs include everything from portals to blogs and wikis. Many organizations use CMS as websites to collate and organize information in readily available chunks. However, in a lab environment CMSs can increase teamwork and communications as well as stopping the knowledge drain as student employees graduate. Before attending SIGUCCS '05, I led the development of many new online systems for the CIRCA computer labs at the University of Florida. We were missing a central reference point and had many troubles with student employees consistently checking their emails. During SIGUCCS'05, I watched a presentation by Doug Simpson on using a CMS as a personal organization system. The CMS seemed the perfect solution to these problems and in August 2006, I launched our system based upon the e107 CMS system. After launch this system performed as expected, but had several unintended consequences. All of these have been positive such as a central repository for employee knowledge, being able to communicate easily with co-workers, and being able to announce major policy changes and know that employees have read them. This paper will examine the challenges and resources for selecting an appropriate CMS, how well the CMS has performed, the unintended consequences of the CMS, and how the CMS will expand in the future.
Inhibition of CD3/CD28-Mediated Activation of the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Represses Replication of X4 but Not R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Lymphocytes

Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to CD4 receptors induces multiple cellular signaling pathways, including the MEK/ERK cascade. While the interaction of X4 HIV-1 with CXCR4 does not seem to activate this pathway, viruses using CCR5 for entry efficiently activate MEK/ERK kinases (W. Popik, J. E. Hesselgesser, and P. M. Pitha, J. Virol. 72:6406-6413, 1998; W. Popik and P. M. Pitha, Virology 252:210-217, 1998). Since the importance of MEK/ERK in the initial steps of viral replication is poorly understood, we have examined the role of MEK/ERK signaling in the CD3- and CD28 (CD3/CD28)-mediated activation of HIV-1 replication in resting peripheral blood CD4(+) T lymphocytes infected with X4 or R5 HIV-1. We have found that the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 selectively inhibited CD3/CD28-stimulated replication of X4 HIV-1, while it did not affect the replication of R5 HIV-1. Inhibition of the CD3/CD28-stimulated MEK/ERK pathway did not affect the formation of the early proviral transcripts in cells infected with either X4 or R5 HIV-1, indicating that virus reverse transcription is not affected in the absence of MEK/ERK signaling. In contrast, the levels of nuclear provirus in cells infected with X4 HIV-1, detected by the formation of circular proviral DNA, was significantly lower in cells stimulated in the presence of MEK/ERK inhibitor than in the absence of the inhibitor. However, in cells infected with R5 HIV-1, the inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway did not affect nuclear localization of the proviral DNA. These data suggest that the nuclear import of X4, but not R5, HIV-1 is dependent on a CD3/CD28-stimulated MEK/ERK pathway.
Fiber optic electric field sensors using polymer-dispersed liquid crystal coatings and evanescent field interactions

Abstract We report a simple evanescent field fiber optic electric field sensor constructed by coating the exposed fiber optic core with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). It is well known that the effective refractive index of the liquid-crystal polymers has a large dependence on the direction and the magnitude of an applied electric field. This dependence was large enough in our devices to enable simple transmission measurements to detect the presence of an applied electric field across the fiber optic. The sensors showed good sensitivity and reproducibility with its response dominated by the RC time constant of the structure rather than the response of the PDLC. Its response time was approximately 3 min with 15–20 min relaxation time. Using an electric circuit model of the device, we also discuss how the sensor's response time can be improved by many orders of magnitude.
Identification and partial characterization of pemphigoid antigen extracted from normal human skin

Antibodies in the sera of patients with the disease bullous pemphigoid define a normal component of the basement membrane of stratified squamous epithelia. Pemphigoid antigen has been shown to be synthesized by mouse and human epidermal cells in culture as an approximately 220 kd protein when reduced. The purpose of this study was to characterize pemphigoid antigen extracted directly from normal human skin and to determine its relationship to the high molecular weight protein found in culture. Suction blister-derived epidermis was extracted with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the solubilized proteins were separated, after reduction, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The separated proteins were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. Pemphigoid antigen was then specifically identified by immunoperoxidase staining using pemphigoid sera. IgG from 5 different bullous pemphigoid patients bound a band of apparent molecular weight 225 kd. Antibodies from 6 normal sera and 4 pemphigus sera did not bind this molecule. On a lower percentage (4%) polyacrylamide gel the pemphigoid antigen could be resolved as a doublet (two closely spaced bands) in the range of 220–240 kd. When unreduced, the pemphigoid antigen extracted from skin was also detected as a doublet in the 220–240 kd range. This suggests that the two chains are not necessarily disulfide-linked to each other in skin. Newly synthesized pemphigoid antigen immunoprecipitated from extracts of cultured human epidermal cells could also be identified on SDS-PAGE, when reduced, as a doublet in the 220–240 kd range. Taken together these data demonstrate that the pemphigoid antigen can be extracted directly from normal human skin and is a molecule similar in molecular weight to the antigen synthesized in human epidermal cell culture.
Kinetics of the self-aggregation and film formation of poly-L-proline at high temperatures explored by circular dichroism spectroscopy

Poly-L-proline has been used as a model system for various purposes over a period of more than 60 years. Its relevance among the protein/peptide community stems from its use as a reference system for determining the conformational distributions of unfolded peptides and proteins, its use as a molecular ruler, and from the pivotal role of proline residues in conformational transitions and protein–protein interactions. While several studies indicate that polyproline can aggregate and precipitate in aqueous solution, a systematic study of the aggregation process is still outstanding. We found, by means of UV-circular dichroism and IR measurements, that polyproline is predominately monomeric at room temperature at millimolar concentrations. Upon heating, the polypeptide stays in its monomeric state until the temperature reaches a threshold of ca. 60°C. At higher temperatures, the peptide aggregates as a film on the inside surface of the employed cuvette. The process proceeds on a time scale of 103 s and can best be described by a bi-exponential relaxation function. The respective CD and IR spectra are qualitatively different from the canonical spectra of polyproline in aqueous solution, and are indicative of a highly packed state. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 451–457, 2010. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The agonistic and antagonistic actions of estriol

Estriol is a short acting estrogen, and as such, displays both agonistic and antagonistic properties, when it is injected in saline solution. These are predictable attributes of any short acting agonist if one considers the basic pharmacology of receptor ligand binding interactions. That is, short acting hormones or drugs occupy receptor sites for protracted time periods and, although they stimulate responses, these are of short duration. However, when estriol is administered in continuous fashion the estrogen receptor is occupied for long periods of time and full estrogenic responses are observed, and there is no antagonism of estradiol action. The purpose of this paper is to review the work that leads to the above conclusion and to discuss our more recent work on the relationship between estrogen receptor binding and the stimulation of type II estrogen binding sites.
Stability and Transient Motion of a Plain Journal Mounted in Flexible Damped Supports

Results are presented for an extensive study of the influence of damped flexible supports on the stability-threshold speed of a symmetric rotor mounted in nonlinear fluid-film bearings. A stability analysis is conducted by applying the Routh criteria and calculating the damped eigenvalues of the system. Stability maps are given in dimensionless form for a range of support stiffness, damping, and mass ratios. The effect of rotor imbalance on the stability of rotor systems is examined, and it is shown that time transient orbits of shaft and support motions clearly indicate their dynamic behavior for both stable and unstable operating speeds. Simple design criteria are proposed for choosing the support stiffness and damping on the basis of rotor weight and journal clearance to promote optimum stability. It is concluded that the use of a flexible damped support system may increase the stability threshold of a plain journal bearing and that damper supports should promote smoother and quieter machine operation by suppressing oil whirl and attenuating unbalanced rotational forces.