cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship of the Gompertz constant and maximum potential lifespan to body mass

Abstract The annual increase in mortality rate of eutherian mammals (α in the Gompertz equation) scales as: α = 0.71 M −0.27 ± 0.041 Consequently, the mortality rate doubles in a time (t d , yrs): t d = 0.693 α −1 = 0.98 M 0.27 This scaling is very similar to that for psysiological time scales in general, M 1 4 , suggesting that the ageing process may be an integral part of the physiological lifespan.
A smart cage for behavioral experiments on small freely behaving animal subjects

The EnerCage system is designed to enable electrophysiology experiments of any duration in experimental arenas of any size. Optimized overlapping planar spiral coils (PSCs) provide closed-loop wireless power and data to a mobile unit on a small, freely behaving animal subject. The system tracks the location of the mobile unit with an array of 3-axis magnetic sensors and only activates the closest PSC, thereby reducing power dissipation and heat within the cage. A control algorithm collects data from all the sensors, organizes it by physical location, and systematically compares the magnitudes of each to two thresholds to determine the location of a small magnetic tracer embedded in the mobile unit. An in vivo experiment was conducted for one hour using a 1.03 × 0.9 m2 EnerCage prototype in a physiology lab, where the system was able to continuously deliver 20 mW to a dummy load and maintain a steady 4V supply on the rat headstage (mobile unit).
The development of conventional sexual partner trajectories among african american male adolescents.

African American male youth disproportionately report involvement with multiple sexual partners, which increases their risk for sexually transmitted infections and initiation of unplanned pregnancies. Little is known about the developmental precursors of sexual partner trajectories among African American male youth. Moreover, few studies focus on the many African American youth who evince highly conventional sexual partner trajectories, i.e., youth who have only one partner or abstain from sexual activity across time. Using four waves of data from a longitudinal study, we hypothesized that an accumulation of social and economic disadvantages in early adolescence would negatively influence youths’ conventional sexual partner trajectories in late adolescence. We expected these disadvantages to affect youths’ receipt of protective family processes and their reports of a set of intrapersonal processes (self-regulation, hope, and low levels of anger) linked to generally conventional behavior. Hypotheses were tested with data from 315 African American male youth from 11 to 18.5 years of age and their primary caregivers. Our results supported the hypotheses. Socioeconomic disadvantages during preadolescence predicted less involvement in conventional sexual partner trajectories from ages 16 to 18.5 years. This association was mediated by protective family processes and a set of interrelated intrapersonal protective processes. Preventive interventions designed to promote protective parenting and intrapersonal processes can be expected to promote sexual behavior trajectories characterized by abstinence or relations with very few partners.
Heat Transfer through Semitransparent Solids

The heat transfer through a plane layer of a semitransparent solid is investigated experimentally for conditions under which the radiative transport must be considered. Temperature profiles measured with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and the total heat flux are compared to rigorous analysis employing a rectangular multiband model of the spectral-absorption coefficient and simplified approximate techniques. Results for opaque and semitransparent boundary conditions are presented for three sample thicknesses. Fused quartz is employed for the specimen, as its thermophysical properties are similar to those of several materials which are commonly exposed to severe thermal conditions, it has excellent high-temperature and interferometric properties, and its strong infrared absorption peak serves as a critical test of a band model. For the experimental conditions which are considered, it is shown that the coupling of conduction and radiation cannot be neglected for the prediction of the heat transfer, although no appreciable influence on the temperature profile was observed. Approximate analytical techniques are shown to be accurate in this situation.
Imitation of synthesized English and nonEnglish vowels by children and adults

Imitations of 15 synthesized vowels, some like English vowels and some not, were obtained from nine adults and ten 6-year-old children. Estimates of the first three formant frequencies (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ) were made from spectrograms of the vowel imitations. The reliability of reproduction was assessed by calculating standard deviations for five imitations each of ten of the synthetic stimuli. Generally, both the intrasubject and intersubject variabilities were greater for the children than for the adults. However, the differences in intrasubject variability between the two groups often were not much greater than the difference in measurement error which would be expected for voices of different fundamental frequencies. Subjects tended to reproduce the nonEnglish vowels less reliably than the English vowels, although the adults were less influenced by phonetic familiarity than were the children. Vowel familiarity appeared to be especially important for reliable reporoduction of the F 2 frequency. Plotting of the imitation data for English vowels in a F 1 –F 2 plane with linear dimensions revealed a fairly systematic clustering for the four age-sex groups of men, women, boys, and girls, but the group clustering was not so systematic for the imitation data for the nonEnglish vowels.
Seasonal dynamics and standing crops of biomass and nutrients in a subarctic tundra vegetation

Standing crops of biomass and nutrients were measured in Eriophorum vaginatum tussock tundra and on a north-facing slope, called the camp site, with similar species composition during the summer of 1976 at Eagle Creek, Alaska. These data were then compared to similar data collected at Meade River, Alaska in 1975. Four species are compared: Ledum palustre, Salix pulchra, Betula nana, and Eriophorum vaginatum. The density of aboveground individuals was greater at the tussock site than at the camp site. The total late season aboveand belowground standing crop of organic matter and of biomass was greater at the camp site. The nitrogen and calcium contents of new leaves usually increased during the season while phosphorus and potassium contents decreased. Most of the nutrients were in the mosses and lichen compartments rather than in vascular plants.
THE DEVITRIFICATION OF “PYREX” GLASSES1

A study has been made of the devitrification phenomena of three “Pyrex” glasses, which were found to have liquidus temperatures lower than any other known mixtures containing 50 high a silica content. “Pyrex” glass 774 (702EJ), refractive index 1.471, has a liquidus temperature of 1077°, 772 (702P), index 1.486, 1042° and 776 (720GO), index 1.473, 1036°. In all cases tridymite is the primary phase and cristobalite was never observed.
Gaussian beam scattering from spheres using morphology-dependent resonances

Electromagnetic (EM) radiation propagating inside a dielectric particle will develop standing waves if certain boundary conditions are satisfied. The boundary conditions depend on, among other things, the shape of the particle. The standing-wave solutions are widely referred to as morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs). If MDR conditions are satisfied then the intensity of the electric field can be calculated everywhere inside the particle. It has been found that for certain MDR modes in micron-sized spheres the EM field strength is localized close to the particle surface. Energy can be transferred into these MDRs through Gaussian laser beam scattering from the sphere, and the energy becomes trapped in a semi-bound state. The localization and increased lifetimes of MDRs allows them to be used in stimulated Raman scattering experiments. Calculations have shown that the maximum energy is transferred into the MDR when the laser is focused outside the sphere surface. This paper analyzes the internal and external radial wavefunctions involved in the scattering to determine the optimum position of the Gaussian beam.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Regulation of cardiac calcium channel current and contractile activity by the dihydropyridine bay K8644 is voltage-dependent

Pharmacological studies have provided considerable information about the molecular structure of ion channels in the membranes of excitable cells. Two classes of drugs, the local anesthetics and the biotoxins, have been used to study sodium channels in nerve, skeletal muscle, and cardiac cells, and tetraethylammonium ion and many of its derivatives have provided structural information about potassium channels in nerve. More recently, organic compounds that block calcium channels (calcium channel antagonists) have begun to be used to probe calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells (see). One group of calcium channel blockers, the dihydropyridines, has provided considerable information on the structure and function of these channels on the basis of electrophysiological and binding studies. Slight modification of the structure of one of these dihydropyridines, nifedipine, has led to the discovery of a group of compounds that are presumed to act by increasing the influx of Ca2+ into cardiac and smooth muscle cells. One of these novel compounds, Bay K 8644 (methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5 carboxylate) has been reported to act at the same receptor site as the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine, but enhances contractile activity of the perfused heart and aortic strips. Because activation of contraction in cardiac muscle is closely linked to calcium entry via voltage-dependent calcium channels (see for review) these results suggested that Bay K 8644 might act on these channels.
Political and Socioeconomic Transformation in the GCC: Image and Reality

Although the Middle East remains one of the least free regions of the world in 2009, it is possible to study political transformation in the region. This paper provides an overview of political transformation in the six Gulf states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, over the past 20 years. After a brief overview of the formal political changes, which are often superficial and provide little real transformation of the political sphere, I turn to an analysis of the socioeconomic transformation in the GCC and how these developments affect the political realm. New developments in the areas of the media, education, and business hold particular promise for eventually leading to true political transformation of the GCC.
Effects of speeded speech presentations on confidence‐weighted and traditional comprehension scores

The two‐process hypothesis suggests that presentation rate can be increased, without a corresponding loss in comprehension, until it reaches and exceeds the receiver's decoding capacity, suggesting a non‐linear rate‐comprehension relationship. In the present study this prediction of non‐linearity was evaluated in light of both confidence‐weighted and traditional comprehension scores. The results indicate that comprehension operationalized by traditional scoring techniques is not significantly affected until presentation rates reach 280 words per minute, a finding consistent with previous research. However, when confidence‐weighted scoring is employed, increased presentation rate is accompanied by linear decreases in comprehension.
Anti-inflammatory therapy for children with asthma

Anti-inflammatory therapy has become the mainstay of chronic asthma therapy in children. Which medication should become the "first-line" choice of physicians depends on each medication's anti-inflammatory effectiveness, side effects, techniques required for administration, and ability to modify disease progression. Additionally, certain medications may be more effective than others for treating specific clinical conditions. Improved understanding of the inflammatory response in asthma suggests that none of the currently available medications are ideal and that new, less toxic, yet more effective therapies are needed to control inflammation.
Molluscan (Biomphalaria) cell line: Serology, karyotype, behavioral, and enzyme electrophoretic characterization

Abstract Serological and chromosomal analyses of Bge, the first established molluscan cell line, confirm it to be of Biomphalaria glabrata origin. Cells are still diploid after 63 passages. Single electrophoretic loci for malic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase provide data for later reconfirmation of cell line identity. The absence of lactic dehydrogenase coincides with anaerobic pathways revealed in other mollusks.
The relationship between jaw-muscle mechanical advantage and activity levels during isometric bites in humans

Mathematical analyses of mandibular biomechanics often assume a close relation between the relative activity levels of the jaw-adductor muscles and their mechanical advantage. However, this relation has not been clearly demonstrated. This study examined the relation between muscle activity levels, force generation, and mechanical advantage in 48 (23 male, 25 female) normal subjects. Mechanical advantage in the sagittal plane was calculated from standard lateral cephalograms. Activity for the anterior and posterior temporalis and masseter muscles was recorded from surface electrodes during incisor and molar bites. Muscle activity was standardized by calculating a least-squares regression for electromyographic versus occlusal force. At each bite position the more efficient muscles were recruited at higher rates but muscle size was more important in determining efficiency than was mechanical advantage. Differences in jaw-muscle recruitment rates between males and females were also best explained by differences in muscle size. Decreased muscle recruitment rates at molar bite positions matched increased mechanical advantage for the anterior temporalis and masseter. However, posterior temporalis recruitment patterns seemed to reflect jaw position more closely than mechanical advantage.
Nutrition and exercise behavior among patients with bipolar disorder.

Results: Patients with BPD were more likely to report poor exercise habits, including infrequent walking (odds ratio, OR ¼ 1.33, p < 0.001) or strength exercises (OR ¼ 1.28, p < 0.001) than those with no SMI. They were also more likely to self-report suboptimal eating behaviors, including having fewer than two daily meals (OR ¼ 1.32, p < 0.001) and having difficulty obtaining or cooking food (OR ¼ 1.48, p < 0.001). Patients with BPD were also more likely to report having gained ‡10 pounds in the past 6 months (OR ¼ 1.59, p < 0.001) and were the least likely to report that their health care provider discussed their eating habits (OR ¼ 0.84, p < 0.05) or physical activity (OR ¼ 0.81, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Greater efforts are needed to reduce the risk of poor nutrition and exercise habits among patients diagnosed with BPD.
Numerical Approximation of Tangent Moduli for Finite Element Implementations of Nonlinear Hyperelastic Material Models

Finite element (FE) implementations of nearly incompressible material models often employ decoupled numerical treatments of the dilatational and deviatoric parts of the deformation gradient. This treatment allows the dilatational stiffness to be handled separately to alleviate ill conditioning of the tangent stiffness matrix. However, this can lead to complex formulations of the material tangent moduli that can be difficult to implement or may require custom FE codes, thus limiting their general use. Here we present an approach, based on work by Miehe (Miehe, 1996, "Numerical Computation of Algorithmic (Consistent) Tangent Moduli in Large Strain Computational Inelasticity," Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 134, pp. 223-240), for an efficient numerical approximation of the tangent moduli that can be easily implemented within commercial FE codes. By perturbing the deformation gradient, the material tangent moduli from the Jaumann rate of the Kirchhoff stress are accurately approximated by a forward difference of the associated Kirchhoff stresses. The merit of this approach is that it produces a concise mathematical formulation that is not dependent on any particular material model. Consequently, once the approximation method is coded in a subroutine, it can be used for other hyperelastic material models with no modification. The implementation and accuracy of this approach is first demonstrated with a simple neo-Hookean material. Subsequently, a fiber-reinforced structural model is applied to analyze the pressure-diameter curve during blood vessel inflation. Implementation of this approach will facilitate the incorporation of novel hyperelastic material models for a soft tissue behavior into commercial FE software.
EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS : THE EFFECT OF CROWDING UPON TUBERCULOSIS IN GUINEA PIGS, ACQUIRED BY CONTACT AND BY INOCULATION.

1. If normal guinea pigs are confined with an equal number of tuberculous cage mates the incidence of "contact" tuberculosis is increased by crowding. This is probably due largely to an increase in the amount of tubercle bacilli available in the more crowded cages, although no constant relationship could be established between the intensity of the exposure and the incidence of tuberculosis acquired by contagion. Other factors must be determined. 2. If guinea pigs are inoculated intraperitoneally with a given quantity of human tubercle bacilli and distributed in different degrees of crowding, the duration of survival is shortened in the more crowded animals, and the incidence of chronic types of tuberculosis is greater among the less crowded animals.
The Adolescent Female Changing Voice: A Phenomenological Investigation.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate the experience of female voice change from the perspective of female middle and high school choral students. The study was guided by tw...
Consumer Evaluations of Hybrid Products

This article examines how consumers evaluate hybrid products. Hybrid products possess features of more than one category and hence may be categorized into alternative categories. We combine two different streams of literature—traditional categorization and psycholinguistics—to demonstrate how beliefs about two different categories can be elicited for a hybrid product using a priming approach. We also find that relative category knowledge can moderate the elicitation of multiple category beliefs.
The disunity of consensus : International population policy coordination as socio-technical practice

Using the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development as a case study, this paper challenges standard approaches to understanding political consensus. Neither cognitive, social, nor strategic, consensus can be rethought as a metaphor for ‘getting along’ within a structured disunity. Structure derives from commitment to a socio-technical network, while disunity arises from the interpretive flexibility and varied practices contained within this network. The Cairo Consensus is then explored through a central site of production: international demographic surveys. These surveys help to build a stable network, and thus facilitate consensus, by helping to establish epistemic communities, producing standard representations of Third World fertility, and standardizing political discourses of legitimacy and accountability.
Predation on Hatchling and Juvenile Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) by the Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract The Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) was a major predator on hatchling and juvenile Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) in a New York population during three years (2001–2003). Rats killed young terrapins by evisceration through the plastron or carapace, exclusively at night, and during two distinct periods: (1) at emergence from nests in August and September; and (2) at emergence from hibernation in April. Predation rates were highest during peak emergence from nests and hibernacula. In the fall, hatchlings were mainly preyed upon within intertidal high marsh vegetation, where hatchlings normally occur after emergence from nests. We found no evidence of rat predation on eggs or hatchlings in nests. Predation in the spring also occurred in the intertidal high marsh, but rats killed juveniles in adjacent terrestrial habitats as well. We used data from a telemetry study of 24 wild hatchlings to estimate rat predation rates. Between 13 September and 22 October 2003, 16 of 24 (67%) radio-tracke...
Immunohistochemical Localization of Collagen Type XI α1 and α2 Chains in Human Colon Tissue

In previous studies, collagen XI mRNA has been detected in colon cancer, but its location in human colon tissue has not been determined. The heterotrimeric collagen XI consists of three α chains. While it is known that collagen XI plays a regulatory role in collagen fibril formation, its function in the colon is unknown. The characterization of normal human colon tissue will allow a better understanding of the variance of collagen XI in abnormal tissues. Grossly normal and malignant human colon tissue was obtained from pathology archives. Immunohistochemical staining with a 58K Golgi marker and α1(XI) and α2(XI) antisera was used to specifically locate their presence in normal colon tissue. A comparative bright field microscopic analysis showed the presence of collagen XI in human colon. The juxtanuclear, dot-like collagen XI staining in the Golgi apparatus of goblet cells in normal tissue paralleled the staining of the 58K Golgi marker. Ultra light microscopy verified these results. Staining was also confirmed in malignant colon tissue. This study is the first to show that collagen XI is present in the Golgi apparatus of normal human colon goblet cells and localizes collagen XI in both normal and malignant tissue. Although the function of collagen XI in the colon is unknown, our immunohistochemical characterization provides the foundation for future immunohistopathology studies of the colon. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:275–283, 2008)
Integrated concentrations of prolactin in breast-feeding mothers.

Mean 24-hour integrated concentrations of serum prolactin (PRL) in 8 breastfeeding mothers (62 +or- 10.4 mcg/1) was significantly higher than in 4 control subjects (14.8 +or- 3.3 mcg/1). No correlation was found between the mean integrated concentrations and time after delivery or breastfeeding status. There was no relationship between the mean integrated concentration of PRL or the basal PRL and the frequency of feedings the total suckling time the mean interval between feedings or the longest interval between feedings in the 24-hour period. The study provides conclusive evidence for increased PRL secretion in long-term puerperal lactation. (authors)
Stratified round Robin: a low complexity packet scheduler with bandwidth fairness and bounded delay

Fair queuing is a well-studied problem in modern computer networks. However, there remains a gap between scheduling algorithms that have provably good performance, and those that are feasible and practical to implement in high speed routers. In this paper, we propose a novel packet scheduler called Stratified Round Robin, which has low complexity, and is amenable to a simple hardware implementation. Stratified Robin Robin exhibits good fairness and delay properties that are demonstrated through both analytical results and simulations. In particular, it provides a single packet delay bound that is independent of the number of flows. This property is unique to Stratified Round Robin among all other schedulers of comparable complexity.
Oxygen Redistribution in UO2 Due to a Temperature Gradient

Uranium dioxide exhibits a wide range of stoichiometxy with the deviation from stoichiometry, x, ranging from -0.31 to +0.24. The observation of oxygen redistribution in uranium dioxide based fuels in a nuclear reactor and the consequent effect on operational performance parameters, has prompted investigation of the migration of oxygen in a temperature gradient. Several laboratory studies have been conducted on both uranium dioxide and mixed oxide fuels [1–6].
Social Entrepreneurship: Generating Solutions To Global Challenges

Social entrepreneurship is not new, but has gained greater visibility and recognition in recent years due to its growing worldwide impact. As in the case of business entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship starts with an entrepreneur who has a novel idea, an innovative product or service, a creative approach to solving a perceived problem, a new business model, and/or a previously untried approach to product or service delivery. However, social entrepreneurship differs from business entrepreneurship because it is after sustainable solutions to societal problems and aims at social change rather than market expansion. It is, therefore, seen more as an agent of change than a profit-seeking enterprise. This paper explores the characteristics of social entrepreneurship, and the factors that make a difference in its success or failure. It also sheds some light on what a social entrepreneurship is and what it is not. Finally, it examines the missions and contributions of six successful social entrepreneurships: The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, ADAPT of Egypt, BRAC of Bangladesh, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecologicas of Brazil, the Aravind Eye Care Hospitals of India, and Televerde’s Prison Call Centers of the United States. The impact of the first four has spread beyond their countries of origin, either through the geographic expansion of their operations or the application of the same concept or business model by social enterprises in other countries.
Calorimetric Studies of the γ-α Transition in Cel-x, Thx

One of the salient features of the valence transition in Cerium is the disappearance of magnetism when the material transforms from the α to the γ state. The importance of the magnetic entropy in determining the nature of the γ-α transition may be easily inferred from the phase diagram and is dramatically evident in the specific heat at the critical point.
Iron-stimulated ring-opening of benzene in a mouse liver microsomal system: Mechanistic studies and formation of a new metabolite

In the present study, we investigated the mechanism(s) of ring-opening of benzene in a mouse liver microsomal system in the presence of Fe2+.HPLC analysis based on coelution with authentic standards and on-line UV spectra obtained using a diode array detector indicated that benzene is metabolized to phenol, hydroquinone (HQ), trans,trans-muconaldehyde (muconaldehyde, MUC), 6-oxo-trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoic (COOH-M-CHO), 6-hydroxy-trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal (CHO-M-OH), and 6-hydroxy-trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoic acid (COOH-M-OH). CHO-M-OH was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Muconaldehyde was also metabolized to CHO-M-OH, COOH-M-CHO and COOH-M-OH, in the same microsomal system. The inhibition of muconaldehyde metabolism by microsomes in the presence of pyrazole indicates that there is cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in the microsomes. Metabolism by contaminating ADH of muconaldehyde formed during microsomal incubation of benzene could be involved in the formation of CHO-M-OH and COOH-M-OH. The ring-opening of benzene was stimulated by added Fe2+. Hydrogen peroxide was produced in the microsomal system and consumed in the presence of added Fe2+. Addition of catalase inhibited the formation of ring-opened products, while superoxide dismutase increased their formation in the presence of azide. Singlet oxygen scavengers, i.e. histidine, deoxyguanosine, Tris and azide (at concentrations above 1.0 mM), dramatically decreased the ring-opening of benzene. Hydroxyl radical scavengers, DMSO, mannitol and formate, but not ethanol, also decreased the ring-opening of benzene. The data indicate that Fenton chemistry plays an important role in benzene ring-opening by microsomes. An unknown peak with UV absorption maxima at 275 and 345 nm was also detected. Based on pH sensitivity of the UV spectrum, the reactivity with thiobarbituric acid (giving a chromogen with absorption maximum at 532 nm) and the molecular weight (126), this compound was identified tentatively as alpha- or beta-hydroxymuconaldehyde.
Studies of LiMn2O4 Capacity Fading at Elevated Temperature Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

Using in situ X-ray diffraction, the capacity fading mechanism of LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} under various conditions has been studied. The capacity fading can be monitored by the structural changes during cycling. At the beginning of cycling, the structural changes closely follow the charge-discharge curve: the main structure starts in cubic I, transfers to cubic II, and ends as cubic III during charge, and reverses the course during discharge. These phase transitions track the charging and discharging curves with small hysteresis. However, with an increased amount of capacity fading during cycling, the structural changes deviate from the charge-discharge curve: Bragg peaks representing cubic I and II remain present at the end of charge, when the whole cathode should have been transferred to cubic III. Similarly, the residues of cubic II and III were observed at the end of discharge. The amount of residues increases with increasing capacity fading by cycling at 55 C, overcharging to 5.2 V, or after multiple cycling at normal condition. Adding a tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB) compound in electrolyte can reduce the residues and washing the cathode with solvent can partially restore the lost capacity in the subsequent cycling, showing the important role of electrolyte decomposition in capacitymore » fading.« less
Eliminating proximity effects and improving transmission in field emission vacuum microelectronic devices for integrated circuits

This work evaluates crosstalk and transmission efficiency in multi-integrated field emission vacuum microelectronic devices (FE-VMDs). Experimental evidence showed that proximity effects cannot be neglected, therefore indicating a need for additional control to take full advantage of the potential microfabricated packing density. Simulations were used to understand the root cause, design structural solutions, and improve overall device performance. Furthermore, charged particle transmission was experimentally investigated for initial structures and new design features are proposed for improved performance.
On minimizing expected energy usage of embedded wireless systems with probabilistic workloads

Abstract A large number of embedded wireless systems must handle complex and time-varying computational and communication workloads. Further, a significant number of these systems support real-time applications. Most of the existing energy management studies for such systems have focused on relatively simple scenarios that assume deterministic workloads, and only consider a limited range of energy management techniques, such as Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS). Our paper addresses these deficiencies by proposing a general purpose probabilistic workload model for computation and communication. To account for the importance of radio energy consumption, we also analyse Dynamic Modulation Scaling (DMS), an often overlooked method for energy management. We define several energy control algorithms, including an optimal combined DVS–DMS approach, and evaluate these algorithms under a wide range of workload values and hardware settings. Our results illustrate the benefits of joint power control algorithms.
Queering Justice Thomas: Theories of Dignity in Obergefell

The discourse of dignity constitutes one of the battlegrounds in the Supreme Court’s Obergefell decision imposing marriage equality. Whereas Justice Kennedy’s majority opinion celebrates the dignity of the institution of marriage, Justice Thomas’s dissent situates dignity outside of the purview of the state. I argue that a queer reading of Obergefell as response to the systemic racism in the US requires the theoretical position implied in Thomas’s view by mobilizing first a Kantian distinction between active citizens, passive citizens, and “savage” ungoverned bodies, and second Judith Butler’s politics of vulnerability.
The effect of Varicella-zoster virus on the humoral immune function of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To observe the immunological indexs' changes of patients with chickenpox,systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus with chickenpox,and to explore the effect of varicella-zoster virus on the immune system of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Methods: A total of sixty-six cases of patients with chickenpox,systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus with chickenpox were chosen,and Diagnosis and treatment of chickenpox in our hospital patients,with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus chickenpox patients,twenty-one cases of normal control group were set at the same time;The white blood cell count(WBC),platelet count(PLT) and hemoglobin content(HGB) in every group were detected using blood cells analyzer;The levels of immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IgA) and immunoglobulin M(IgM) and C3,C4 in serum of every group were detected using immunoturbidimetric assay method.Results: Compared with the control group,the levels of WBC,PLT and HGB in groups of varicella,SLE and SLE with varicella were decreased,and the reduction of WBC and PLT in group of SLE and SLE with varicella had statistical significance(P 0.05 or P 0.01);The content of IgG,IgA and IgM in serum of varicella group decreased while the group of SLE and SLE with varicella increased,and the reduction of IgA in serum of varicella group had statistical significance(P 0.05) while the increase of IgG and IgA in group of SLE and SLE with varicella had statistical significance(P 0.05 or P 0.01);The levels of C3 and C4 in serum of varicella group increased while the group of SLE and SLE with varicella decreased,and the reduction of C3 and C4 in group of SLE with had statistical significance(P 0.05).Compared with the SLE group,the increase of WBC had statistical significance(P 0.05) in SLE with varicella while the levels of IgG,IgA,C3 and C4 in serum decreased with statistical significance(P 0.05).Conclusion: Varicella-zoster virus can induce the changes of immune system-related indexes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Study on Serum Epidemiology of HBV and HCV Infections Among General Population in Zhangjiagang City

Objective To investigate the infection situation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) among general population in Zhangjiagang City, and to develop effective prevention and treatment measures. Methods The subjects aged one year and over were investigated with questionnaires by randomized cluster sampling.Venous blood samples were collected and then tested for HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HCV. Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HCV were 5.15%, 52.69% and 0.31%,respectively.The HBsAg positive rates of the age groups of 1～19 years and over 20 years were 0.99% and 5.95%,respectively.The HBsAg positive rate of male was higher than that of female.The HBsAg positive rate of the HBV vaccine immunized group was lower than those of the un-immunized group and the unknown vaccination status group.The positive rate of anti-HCV was not correlated with age and sex.The anti-HCV positive rate was the highest in the people who had the history of using blood products. Conclusions The effect of immunization with HBV vaccine through EPI is remarkable in Zhangjiagang,however,the inoculation should be enhanced in adults.Using blood products is an important route of transmission for hepatitis C,and the other transmission routes can not be ignored.
Wedge metroplasty for the septate uterus: an update

Twenty-one patients with septate uteri and 2 patients with a T-shaped uterine anomaly and recurrent abortions underwent wedge metroplasty during the period from September 1978 to August 1983. Thirteen patients had a characteristic history of one or more abortions associated with the septate uterus and absence of other metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. Ten other patients, including the two with a T-shaped uterine anomaly, either had one or more abortions of an uncharacteristic nature with absence of other abnormalities or had one or more characteristic abortions in addition to the presence of other metabolic, endocrine, or surgically correctable disease. The application of wedge metroplasty for the surgical reconstruction of the uterus yielded equally gratifying results in both groups with approximately two thirds of the patients having a term delivery or carrying a pregnancy in the third trimester.
Guns as a Symbol of (Fill-in-the-Blank)

Guns are symbolic of many things in America, but a critical assessment of these semiotic narratives shows them to be seriously limited in understanding the nature of gun violence in the United Stat...
The Wish to Know/The Wish Not to Know: Curiosity and the Primal Scene

ABSTRACTThis article explores the developmental experience of curiosity and how it relates to the primal scene. Bion’s concepts of K and –K, alpha function, and containment are used to think about the wish to know and the wish not to know (or to “titrate” knowing). Clinical vignettes trace the experience of curiosity as it plays out in the analytic relationship, and they illustrate instances when thinking becomes confused and boundaries collapse in response to “too much” information. Curiosity, when worked through, may become an analytic object, a vehicle for intimacy, and a possible third position between K and –K, one that leads the way toward creativity and play.
Adults with Pedophilic Interests in the United States: Current Practices and Suggestions for Future Policy and Research.

Adults with pedophilic interests are often viewed by the public as a homogenous subgroup based on what we know from those who sexually offend against children. The stigma associated with child sexual abuse may serve to deter such behaviors but may also interfere with the person’s stability and willingness to seek assistance in managing pedophilic interests. This article contrasts the sex offender response and prevention efforts typically employed in the U.S. (i.e., containment, registration, and notification policies and public education programs) with treatment programs aimed at preventing child sexual abuse in Germany, Belgium, and Canada. Five major areas are identified that should be further examined with regard to implementing preventative outreach and treatment programs in the U.S.: barriers to outreach and treatment programs, how to expand or reframe current preventative educational programs, implementation of such programs in light of current mandating reporting policies, promising treatment approaches for pedophilic interests among non-offenders, and ethical concerns relevant to preventative psychological interventions.
Curve of Factors Model: A Latent Growth Modeling Approach for Educational Research:

A first-order latent growth model assesses change in an unobserved construct from a single score and is commonly used across different domains of educational research. However, examining change using a set of multiple response scores (e.g., scale items) affords researchers several methodological benefits not possible when using a single score. A curve of factors (CUFFS) model assesses change in a construct from multiple response scores but its use in the social sciences has been limited. In this article, we advocate the CUFFS for analyzing a construct's latent trajectory over time, with an emphasis on applying this model to educational research. First, we present a review of longitudinal factorial invariance, a condition necessary for ensuring that the measured construct is the same across time points. Next, we introduce the CUFFS model, followed by an illustration of testing factorial invariance and specifying a univariate and a bivariate CUFFS model to longitudinal data. To facilitate implementation, we include syntax for specifying these statistical methods using the free statistical software R.
Cancer, Alcohol, and Aging

Since 1988, alcohol has been classified as a carcinogen and has been attributed to almost seven million deaths per year, the majority of which occur in those 65 years of age and older. Adults 65 years of age or older with a history of at-risk alcohol use over their life time, particularly those with a history of tobacco use, should be routinely screened for alcohol-related cancers. Understanding the relationship between the metabolism of alcohol and cancer is essential knowledge for health care providers who care for older adults. In addition, applying appropriate interventions for older adults experiencing alcohol-associated cancers can assist with decreased alcohol use and pain management.
Partition identities involving gaps and weights

We obtain interesting new identities connecting the famous partition functions of Euler, Gauss, Lebesgue, Rogers–Ramanujan and others by attaching weights to the gaps between parts. The weights are in general multiplicative. Some identities involve powers of 2 as weights and yield combinatorial information about some remarkable partition congruences modulo powers of 2.
Environmentally sound textile dyeing technology with nanofibrillated cellulose

We have developed a sustainable dyeing technology with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) fibers that would decrease the amount of water, salt and alkali used in cotton dyeing by one order of magnitude, but with comparable dyeing performance to a conventional exhaust dyeing method.
Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols

Abstract. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the scientific community to explore the impacts of a world in which anthropogenic global warming is stabilized at only 1.5 °C above preindustrial average temperatures. We present a projection of future tropical cyclone statistics for both 1.5 and 2.0 °C stabilized warming scenarios with direct numerical simulation using a high-resolution global climate model. As in similar projections at higher warming levels, we find that even at these low warming levels the most intense tropical cyclones become more frequent and more intense, while simultaneously the frequency of weaker tropical storms is decreased. We also conclude that in the 1.5 °C stabilization, the effect of aerosol forcing changes complicates the interpretation of greenhouse gas forcing changes.
Dodging the Bullet: Alcohol-Control Policy in Sweden

Historical considerations of alcohol control focus disproportionately on the American experience with alcohol prohibition, which famously begot rampant bootlegging, corruption, and disrespect for the law. Much more instructive are the experiences of Sweden, historically a trailblazer in the realm of alcohol policy. Despite deeply entrenched temperance sentiment, not only did Sweden dodge the bullet of draconian prohibition and its negative consequences, it diverged from the conventional free-market trade in alcoholic beverages to foster a series of innovations—municipal dispensaries, individual rationing, and government monopolization—that has balanced the liberty of the individual to consume alcohol with a restriction on the negative externalities that the liquor trade imposes on society.
Risk and Mispricing in Estimated Alphas

This study employs boot strapping methods to estimate the distributions of individual security alphas generated from multi-factor models and compares them to empirical observations. I ﬁnd that a small but suﬃcient number of positive and statistically signiﬁcant alphas occurring above the estimated 1% level cannot be fully explained by either model bias or known sources of cross sectional risk. I also revisit concerns raised by King (1966) and Black, Jensen, and Scholes (1972) regarding circumstances that prohibit the testing of asset pricing models at the individual security level. Speciﬁcally, I examine the covariance structure of residual terms generated by the CAPM model of Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), and Mossin (1966) as well as multi-factor models from Fama and French (1993), Carhart (1997), and Fama and French (2015). I ﬁnd that comprehensive multi-factor models generally produce almost no discernible covariance of residual terms and do allow for the estimation of individual security alphas. Finally, I examine proposals from Harvey, Liu, and Zhu (2016) and ﬁnd that alphas with an absolute t-statistic greater than 3 occur in only 0.30% of the sample meaning that this threshold provides a strong level of statistical signiﬁcance but may also lead to an increased prevalence of type II errors.
Evidence for Cyclical Fractional Crystallization, Recharge, and Assimilation in Basalts of the Kimama Drill Core, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: 5.5-Million-Years of Petrogenesis in a Mid-crustal Sill Complex

Basalts erupted in the Snake River Plain of central Idaho and sampled in the Kimama drill core link eruptive processes to the construction of mafic intrusions over 5.5 Ma. Cyclic variations in basalt composition reveal temporal chemical heterogeneity related to fractional crystallization and the assimilation of previously-intruded mafic sills. A range of compositional types are identified within 1912 m of continuous drill core: Snake River olivine tholeiite (SROT), low K SROT, high Fe-Ti, and evolved and high K-Fe lavas similar to those erupted at Craters of the Moon National Monument. Detailed lithologic and geophysical logs document 432 flow units comprising 183 distinct lava flows and 78 flow groups. Each lava flow represents a single eruptive episode, while flow groups document chemically and temporally related flows that formed over extended periods of time. Temporal chemical variation demonstrates the importance of source heterogeneity and magma processing in basalt petrogenesis. Low-K SROT and high Fe-Ti basalts are genetically related to SROT as, respectively, hydrothermally-altered and fractionated daughters. Cyclic variations in the chemical composition of Kimama flow groups are apparent as 21 upward fractionation cycles, six recharge cycles, eight recharge-fractionation cycles, and five fractionation-recharge cycles. We propose that most Kimama basalt flows represent typical fractionation and recharge patterns, consistent with the repeated influx of primitive SROT parental magmas and extensive fractional crystallization coupled with varying degrees of assimilation of gabbroic to ferrodioritic sills at shallow to intermediate depths over short durations. Trace element models show that parental SROT basalts were generated by 5-10% partial melting of enriched mantle at shallow depths above the garnet-spinel lherzolite transition. The distinctive evolved and high K-Fe lavas are rare. Found at four depths, 319 m, 1045 m, 1078 m, and 1189 m, evolved and high K-Fe flows are compositionally unrelated to SROT magmas and represent highly fractionated basalt, probably accompanied by crustal assimilation. These evolved lavas may be sourced from the Craters of the Moon/Great Rift system to the northeast. The Kimama drill core is the longest record of geochemical variation in the central Snake River Plain and reinforces the concept of magma processing in a layered complex.