cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Approach for Assessing Seismic Transitions Associated with Wastewater Injections

Quantifying transitions in seismic activity related to wastewater injection is an important step for accurate seismic‐hazard assessment. It is also a challenging task due to the uncertainty in the relationship between injections and transitions; however, a consistent statistical analysis of instrumental seismic records allows for detecting and quantifying induced seismicity. In this study, we develop a statistical method for modeling a seismic sequence involving non‐stationary‐induced seismicity. It is composed of two steps: first, we select a model for the integrated seismicity (i.e., natural and induced) within the framework of the epidemic‐type aftershock sequence via the [Bayesian Model Comparison][1] section. Second, we perform Bayesian inference within that model to assess the seismic activity and associated parameters. The method is applied to the analysis of the events from Oklahoma, demonstrating that it is able to provide a consistent representation of the occurrence of the dataset. Results show that the overall seismic rate (including mainshock and aftershock events) for events with local magnitudes ( M L) above 2.5 has been escalated by a factor of more than 100, from 0.05 to more than five events per day, between January 1975 and August 2014. For this overall increase, the contribution of the mainshock events is estimated to be ∼56%. Assuming the b ‐value of the Gutenberg–Richter law is 1.0, the probability of exceeding M L 5.0 in a 2‐month period is predicted to have increased from about 0.05 to more than 0.5 during the study period. A sensitivity analysis is presented to show how the probabilistic inference is affected by the assumed b ‐value and the assumed maximum event magnitude. The proposed method can provide a statistical basis for quantitatively assessing the process of induced seismicity. In addition, it can be employed as a decision‐support tool to identify areas with increasing levels of hazard and to guide strategies for risk mitigation. [1]: #sec-5
A Rationale for the Endoscopic Management of Colonic Polyps

The incidence of invasive cancer in colonic polyps is related to the size of the lesion and the histologic type of the adenoma. Polyps with invasive malignant disease usually require colonic resection, but colonoscopic polypectomy is adequate treatment for pedunculated adenomas. Even when invasive cancer is close to the line of endoscopic resection but does not invade the stalk and does not display lymphatic or vascular invasion, a case may be made for conservative endoscopic treatment alone.
Effect of neural and humoral factors on pulmonary hemodynamics and microcirculation in pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and microcirculatory changes were studied following pulmonary embolism with fresh blood clot. Sudden death was related to massive obstruction. Because denervation of the lung by reimplantation did not alter the acute or progressive hemodynamic changes, neural reflexes were ruled out as an important factor. Serotonin infusions produced the same changes as clot emboli. Both could be ameliorated by reserpine pretreatment, which reduced platelet serotonin content, and by massive doses of heparin, which acts as an antiserotonin and also prevents further platelet aggregation and rupture. Clot infusion into the proximally occluded right pulmonary artery (PA) produced severe changes in the left pulmonary vascular bed and clearly demonstrated that humoral effects occur over and above any mechanical effects of emboli.
CONVERGING SUPERGRANULAR FLOWS AND THE FORMATION OF CORONAL PLUMES

Earlier studies have suggested that coronal plumes are energized by magnetic reconnection between unipolar flux concentrations and nearby bipoles, even though magnetograms sometimes show very little minority-polarity flux near the footpoints of plumes. Here we use high-resolution extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images and magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to clarify the relationship between plume emission and the underlying photospheric field. We find that plumes form where unipolar network elements inside coronal holes converge to form dense clumps, and fade as the clumps disperse again. The converging flows also carry internetwork fields of both polarities. Although the minority-polarity flux is sometimes barely visible in the magnetograms, the corresponding EUV images almost invariably show loop-like features in the core of the plumes, with the fine structure changing on timescales of minutes or less. We conclude that the SDO observations are consistent with a model in which plume emission originates from interchange reconnection in converging flows, with the plume lifetime being determined by the approximately 1-day evolutionary timescale of the supergranular network. Furthermore, the presence of large EUV bright points and/or ephemeral regions is not a necessary precondition for the formation of plumes, which can be energized even by the weak, mixed-polarity internetwork fields swept up by converging flows.
Identifying Performance-Limiting Mechanisms in Alkaline-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells Using Modeling: Strategy for Internally-Humidified Fuel Cells

Among the existing fuel-cell types, alkaline-exchange-membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have intriguing features as compared to proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Their major advantage is the possibility of using non-noble catalysts due to faster oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in alkaline than in acidic media. However, water management is a more serious concern in AEMFCs because OH- conductivity is more highly dependent on water content and the ORR consumes water. Compared to PEMFCs, the lower performance of AEMFCs is mostly caused by extremely nonuniform distribution of water in the ionomer phase between the anode and cathode as well as the increased overpotential for the hydrogen oxidation reaction. In this presentation, we will discuss the performance-limiting mechanisms specific to different operating conditions (e.g. varying inlet relative humidity (RH)) based on a cell-level mathematical model. For example, anode flooding can be a critical issue at 100% RH, whereas at lower RH high ionic transport resistance in the cathode dominates due to dehydrated ionomer phase at high current, where the impact of water-consuming ORR kinetic polarization is also critical. Low AEMFC performance at high current is not simply due to mass transport issues with vapor/membrane water, but a consequence of poor water distribution leading to sluggish OH- conduction and ORR kinetics. A sensitivity analysis of design parameters including the humidifying condition and membrane property is performed to identify the most significant factors controlling performance. Overall, water management and ionic/mass transport characteristics of an AEMFC assembly are discussed in detailed. The developed model will be used to examine and elucidate performance bottlenecks and enable strategies to overcome them, significantly increasing the possibility of AEMFC commercialization. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231, program manager David Peterson.
Interface to C

It is possible to combine a generated editor with code written directly in the C programming language. Because the Synthesizer Generator is implemented in C, such code can take advantage of all internal facilities of the implementation. Code written in C may serve as a bridge between the generated editor and an existing application package, perhaps one not written in C.
Digitally programmable RF front-ends: towards universal mobile communication service

Summary form only given. This presentation discusses the evolution of the wireless industry and focuses on transceiver architectures and circuit design techniques used in modern cost effective mobile communication systems. Architectures and design techniques suitable for multi-standard, low power transceivers achieving higher levels of integration are presented. The techniques exploit recent developments in submicron BiCMOS and CMOS VLSI techniques together with innovative mixed analog/digital design methodologies whereby the control of analog front-end is affected directly by digital signals generated from the DSP parts in the baseband. This will pave the way towards efficient implementation of the third generation universal mobile telephone service (UMTS) and drive an increasingly competitive broadband wireless market even further.
3-Methyleneisoindolin-1-one Assembly via Base- and CuI/l-Proline-Catalyzed Domino Reaction: Mechanism of Regioselective Anionic Cyclization

Anionic cyclization of o-alkynylbenzamides is proposed as a crucial step in many heterocycle syntheses. The cyclization can produce three products: Z-3-methylenisoindolin-1-one (Z-5-exo), E-3-methylenisoindolin-1-one (E-5-exo), and isoquinolinone (6-endo). Under base catalysis, the selectivity is generally poor. However, a copper-involved domino reaction of coupling and cyclization gives surprising selectivity for the thermodynamically disfavored Z-5-exo product (Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 1309–1312). We study the selectivity of anionic cyclization in the presence of K2CO3 and copper-l-proline, using surveys of the experimental literature and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The o-alkynylbenzamide is predicted to be readily deprotonated by many bases, with subsequent cyclization via nucleophilic attack of the amide N– to alkynyl. In the absence of copper, endo-exo selectivity is predicted to arise from substituent effects, while Z/E selectivity is a sensitive function of the tautomerization rate of...
Abstract 407: Role of Apoa1 in Regulating Mitochondrial Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: High density lipoprotein (HDL) and apoA-I levels inversely correlate with risk of death from ischemic heart disease; however, the role of apoA-I in myocardial response to ischemia has not been well defined. Methods and results: To test whether apoA-I, the primary HDL apolipoprotein, has an acute anti-inflammatory role in ischemic heart disease, we induced myocardial infarctions in apoA-I -/- and apoA-1 heterozygotic animals. We observed a 52% increase in infarct size as a percent of area at risk in heterozygotic and a 125% increase in apoA-I null animals compared to wild-type mice. Mitochondrial oxidation contributes to tissue damage in ischemic reperfusion injury, and we found a significant defect in the electron transport chain of cardiac myocytes from apoA-I -/- mice. This was localized to the coenzyme Q pool that impaired electron transfer from complex II to complex III. Administration of CoQ10 to apoA-I null animals normalized the cardiac mitochondrial CoQ pool, and it reduced infarct size to that observed of wild type animals. CoQ10 administration did not significantly alter infarct size in wild-type mice. Conclusions: These data identify CoQ pool size and impaired mitochondrial function as major contributors to infarct size in the setting of low HDL/apoA-I. These data suggest a previously unappreciated mechanism for myocardial stunning, cardiac dysfunction, and muscle pain associated with low HDL/apoA-I levels that can be corrected by CoQ10 supplementation and suggest populations of patients that may particularly benefit from CoQ10 supplementation.
Recommendation-based Smart Indoor Navigation: Poster Abstract

Localization in indoor spaces has to rely on sensing devices (e.g., Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers, WiFi routers, bluetooth beacons) rather than GPS devices. On the other side, we could build a smart indoor environment that facilitates all types of spatial services with various sensing devices. In this paper, we focus on the topic of spatial navigation. Due to the complexity of indoor environments, we believe the indoor navigation strategy should not be limited to the shortest path. Taking shopping centers for example, a navigation path should be not only the shortest path, but also an attractive route to the shopper. We aim to build a smart indoor navigation system, which not only learns the user's behavior through previous sensing data, but also enjoys working with heterogeneous devices. Therefore, we propose a novel recommendation based smart navigation strategy with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). This strategy provides optimal user experience by: 1) Memorizing the user's historical data; 2) Overlapping the navigation with the user's indoor behavior model; 3) Making recommendations based on real-time detections from sensor devices.
The association between acute mental stress and abnormal left atrial electrophysiology.

Background Acute stress may trigger atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We examined if acute mental stress results in abnormal left atrial electrophysiology as detected by more negative deflection of P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1), a well-known marker of AF risk. Methods and results We examined this hypothesis in 422 patients (mean age = 56±10 years; 61% men; 44% white) with stable coronary heart disease who underwent mental (speech task) stress testing. PTFV1 was defined as the duration (ms) times the value of the depth (μV) of the downward deflection (terminal portion) of the P-wave in lead V1 measured on digital electrocardiograms (ECG). Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality was defined PTFV1 ≤ -4000 μV*ms. Mean PTFV1 values during stress and recovery were compared with rest. The percentage of participants who developed left atrial abnormality during stress and recovery was compared with the percentage at rest. Compared with rest, PTFV1 became more negative during mental stress [mean change = -348, 95%CI = (-515, -182); P < 0.001] and no change was observed at recovery [mean change = 12, 95%CI = (-148, 172); P = 0.89]. A larger percentage of participants showed left atrial abnormality on ECGs obtained at stress (n = 163, 39%) and recovery (n = 142, 34%) compared with rest (n = 127, 30%). Conclusion Acute mental stress alters left atrial electrophysiology, suggesting that stressful situations promote adverse transient electrical changes to provide the necessary substrate for AF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
On-Demand Reconfiguration of Nanomaterials: When Electronics Meets Ionics

Rapid advances in the semiconductor industry, driven largely by device scaling, are now approaching fundamental physical limits and face severe power, performance, and cost constraints. Multifunctional materials and devices may lead to a paradigm shift toward new, intelligent, and efficient computing systems, and are being extensively studied. Herein examines how, by controlling the internal ion distribution in a solid-state film, a material's chemical composition and physical properties can be reversibly reconfigured using an applied electric field, at room temperature and after device fabrication. Reconfigurability is observed in a wide range of materials, including commonly used dielectric films, and has led to the development of new device concepts such as resistive random-access memory. Physical reconfigurability further allows memory and logic operations to be merged in the same device for efficient in-memory computing and neuromorphic computing systems. By directly changing the chemical composition of the material, coupled electrical, optical, and magnetic effects can also be obtained. A survey of recent fundamental material and device studies that reveal the dynamic ionic processes is included, along with discussions on systematic modeling efforts, device and material challenges, and future research directions.
Adolescent varicocele: Efficacy of indication-to-treat protocol and proposal of a grading system for postoperative hydroceles.

Summary Background Varicocele is a common urologic anomaly in adolescent males; however, evidence-based treatment guidelines do not exist. Hydroceles are known to be a common complication after surgical therapy, with a wide variation in the reported incidence between 1 and 40%. Aim This study aimed to introduce a standardized indication-to-treat protocol and prove its efficacy by analyzing the outcome of patients. Secondly, it aimed to better define postoperative hydroceles because the wide variation of reported incidence is attributed to a lack of definition. Methods Our standardized treatment protocol included an initial assessment with clinical grading of varicoceles, ultrasound evaluation of testicular volume, and calculation of the atrophy index. Indications for surgical treatment were testicular volume asymmetry >20%, discomfort and pain, or bilateral varicocele. The Palomo procedure (laparoscopically since 2005) was the standard procedure. Postoperative hydroceles were graded according to clinical findings and symptoms: Grade I, sonographic chance finding without clinical correlate; Grade II, palpable but clinically insignificant; Grade III, symptomatic. All patients treated according to the defined protocol were prospectively monitored between January 2001 and December 2015. Results A total of 129 patients with left varicocele were referred to our institution; 70 fulfilled the indication criteria for surgical treatment. Twenty-eight of these patients were treated for volume asymmetry, 26 of these showed catch-up growth. Forty-two patients were treated for discomfort and pain; the symptoms subsided in all of them. Postoperative hydroceles were detected in 36 patients (51%). In 29 patients this was a sonographic chance finding (Grade I). Three patients showed a palpable but clinically insignificant postoperative hydrocele (Grade II) and four patients (5.7%) showed symptomatic hydrocele (Grade III) where treatment was recommended. Discussion The treatment protocol allowed judicious indication for surgery and postoperative outcomes similar to previous reports. The high rate of catch-up growth in operated cases represents a proxy for successful treatment in cases where more precise parameters, like semen quality or paternity rate, were not yet detectable. The introduced grading system for postoperative hydroceles provs to be a valid and appropriate instrument, and promises to be a standardized method for comparing outcomes in future studies. Conclusion The indication-to-treat protocol proved to be easily applicable, highly efficient, and have outcomes comparable to international literature. The necessity for a standardized grading of postoperative hydroceles was underscored in the data.
Probabilistic segmentation of the lumen from intravascular ultrasound radio frequency data

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based medical imaging technique that produces cross-sectional images of blood vessels. In this paper, we present a method for the segmentation of the luminal border using IVUS radio frequency (RF) data. Specifically, we parameterize the lumen contour using Fourier series. This contour is deformed by minimizing a cost function that is formulated using a probabilistic approach in which the a priori term is obtained using the prediction confidence of a Support Vector Machine classifier using features extracted from the RF signal. We evaluated the performance of our method by comparing our results with manual segmentations from two expert observers on 280 frames from eight 40 MHz IVUS sequences from rabbits and pigs. The performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient, coefficient of determination, and linear regressions of the lumen area for each frame. Our results indicate the feasibility of our method for the segmentation of the lumen from IVUS RF data.
Three-Dimensional Elasticity Solution for the Buckling of Moderately Thick Orthotropic Columns

The buckling of an axially compressed orthotropic column is investigated by using a three-dimensional elasticity formulation. In this manner, an assessment of the thickness and othotropy effects can be accurately performed. The column is in the form of a hollow circular cylinder. The critical loads from this elasticity solution are compared with the ones from the Euler or Timoshenko transverse shear correction formulas based on the axial modulus. Furthermore, a comparison is made with a recenly suggested new formula for column buckling that adds a second term to the Euler load expression and is supposed to account for thickness effects. As an example, the cases of an orthotropic material with stiffness constants typical of glass/epoxy and the reinforcing direction along the periphery or along the cylinder axis are considered. It is found that the elasticity approach predicts in all cases a lower than the Euler value critical load. Moreover, the degree of non-conservatism of the Euler formula is strongly dependent on the reinforcing direction; the axially reinforced columns show the highest deviation from the elasticity value. The first Timoshenko shear correction formula is in all cases examined conservative. The second Timoshenko shear correction formula is in most cases (but not always) conservative. However, the second estimate is always closer to the elasticity solution than the first one. For the istotropic case both Timoshenko formulas are conservative estimates. The recent new formula for column buckling that adds a second term to the Euler load expression is a non-conservative estimate but performs very well with very thick sections, being closest to the elasticity solution; for moderate thickness it is in general no better than the Timoshenko formulas.
Management of Pelvic Ring Injuries

High-energy pelvic ring fractures are life-threatening injuries. A team approach, involving general trauma surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, and other specialists, is required during the patient’s initial evaluation and resuscitation. Hemodynamic instability and associated hemorrhage require immediate action to save the patient’s life. Temporary pelvic stabilization can be achieved with a sheet, pelvic binder, military antishock trousers, C-clamp, or external fixator. In patients with continued hemodynamic instability, pelvic packing and/or angiography may also be required. The treatment algorithm for patients with pelvic ring injuries and hemodynamic instability should be standardized based on the institutions capabilities. Various options are available for definitive surgical fixation to reestablish the anatomic integrity of the pelvic ring, and restore the patient to full function.
Gradient-based Pareto optimal history matching for noisy data of multiple types

The advantages of the simultaneous integration of production and time-lapse seismic data for history matching have been demonstrated in a number of previous studies. Production data provide accurate observations at particular spatial locations (wells), while seismic data enable global, though filtered/noisy, estimates of state variables. In this work, we present an efficient computational tool for bi-objective history matching, in which data misfits for both production and seismic measurements are minimized using an adjoint-gradient approach. This enables us to obtain a set of Pareto optimal solutions defining the optimal trade-off between production and seismic data misfits (which are, to some extent, conflicting). The impact of noise structure and noise level on Pareto optimal solutions is investigated in detail. We discuss the existence of the “best” trade-off solution, or least-conflicting posterior model, which corresponds to the history-matched model that is expected to provide the least-conflicting forecast of future reservoir performance. The overall framework is successfully applied in 2D and 3D compositional simulation problems to provide a single least-conflicting posterior model and, for the 2D case, multiple samples from the posterior distribution using the randomized maximum likelihood method.
Modeling household-level hurricane evacuation mode and destination type joint choice using data from multiple post-storm behavioral surveys

Abstract Since Hurricane Katrina, transit evacuation service has been seen to serve critical needs in affected cities and an increasing number of hurricanes have struck the east coast where more people rely on public transportation to evacuate. Thus, it is important to model mode choice in evacuation for a better estimation of evacuation transit demand. In this study, a joint mode and destination type choice model was estimated based on multiple post-storm behavioral surveys from the northeastern seaboard to the Gulf coast. A Nested Logit model specification was used to estimate this joint choice model. The estimated model showed a significant linkage between mode and destination type choice, which validated the choice of a nested structure for the model. Selected variables include both household and zonal characteristics, reflecting the attributes of alternatives (e.g., hotel price and occupancy), the characteristics of households (e.g., residential stability and community density), and the interactions between them (e.g., average accessibility to a destination type). The use of multiple-storm data allowed the use of some variables that have not been considered in the past because of few variations in their values in a single dataset. Overall, the findings of this study provide insight into the factors affecting mode and destination type choice of residents during hurricane evacuation.
Gender in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Issues, Causes, Solutions

The landscape of gender in education and the workforce has shifted over the past decades: women have made gains in representation, equitable pay, and recognition through awards, grants, and publications. Despite overall change, differences persist in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This Viewpoints article on gender disparities in STEM offers an overarching perspective by addressing what the issues are, why the issues may emerge, and how the issues may be solved. In Part 1, recent data on gaps in representation, compensation, and recognition (awards, grants, publications) are reviewed, highlighting differences across subfields (e.g., computer science vs biology) and across career trajectories (e.g., bachelor's degrees vs senior faculty). In Part 2, evidence on leading explanations for these gaps, including explanations centered on abilities, preferences, and explicit and implicit bias, is presented. Particular attention is paid to implicit bias: mental processes that exist largely outside of conscious awareness and control in both male and female perceivers and female targets themselves. Given its prevalence and persistence, implicit bias warrants a central focus for research and application. Finally, in Part 3, the current knowledge is presented on interventions to change individuals' beliefs and behaviors, as well as organizational culture and practices. The moral issues surrounding equal access aside, understanding and addressing the complex issues surrounding gender in STEM are important because of the possible benefits to STEM and society that will be realized only when full participation of all capable and qualified individuals is guaranteed.
Performance Potential of 2D Kagome Lattice Interconnects

Kagome lattice materials are layered two-dimensional (2D) materials in which atoms are arranged in a trihexagonal tiling lattice pattern. It has been suggested that the Kagome lattice can possess topologically non-trivial band structures. By performing atomistic quantum transport simulations, we show that the topological edge modes of a Fe3Sn Kagome nanoribbon have excellent carrier transport properties, with a mean free path several orders of magnitude larger than that of the bulk modes. Vertical stacking of intercalated Kagome layers can further boost the conductance per unit width. As a result, the 2D Kagome lattice materials offer low resistivity and promising potential for interconnect applications in the sub-10nm regime.
Electromagnetic Components Realized on Conductive Wires: A Copper vs. E-Thread Comparison

E-textile embroidery is recently emerging as a highly promising substitute to copper for diverse applications that require flexibility, conformality and robustness (wearables, military, smart homes, and more). Studies have long contrasted the performance of e-textile conductive surfaces vs. their copper-based counterparts. However, several electromagnetic (EM) components, such as coils or wire antennas, rely on conductive wires rather than conductive sheets/surfaces. In this work, we report the first comparison of e-threads vs. copper wires for EM applications across the entire 1 kHz to 10 GHz range. At low frequencies, coils made of e-threads and copper wires show similar self and mutual inductance, though resistance values are 2 to 9 times higher for e-threads. At high frequencies, transmission lines made of e-thread and copper wire show good agreement. Notably, e-threads are over 4 times more lightweight as compared to copper. In future, these findings can be leveraged to translate various copper-wire EM components into e-textiles.
Black Widow Spider Bite: “Can’t We Just Get a Divorce?”

Black widow spiders are found across the United States and worldwide. Building webs in uninhabited dark places such as barns, garages, fences, and woodpiles, these spiders only bite when unexpectedly disturbed. Black widow spider bites cause local pain with minimal swelling, and may present with greater systemic severity, including autonomic dysfunction and abdominal rigidity. The prognosis is good, and mortality is rare. Treatment is generally supportive and focuses on pain control, but the clinical presentation warrants ruling out other concerning diagnoses.
DUSP7 Regulates the Activity of ERK2 to Promote Proper Chromosome Alignment During Cell Division

Human cell division is a highly regulated process that relies on the accurate capture and movement of chromosomes to the metaphase plate. Errors in the fidelity of chromosome congression and alignment can lead to improper chromosome segregation, which is correlated with aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Here we show that the dual specificity phosphatase DUSP7 is important for regulating chromosome alignment. DUSP7 bound to ERK2 and regulated the abundance of active phospho-ERK2 through its phosphatase activity. Overexpression of DUSP7, but not catalytic dead mutants, led to a marked decrease in phopho-ERK2 and mitotic chromosome misalignment, while knockdown of DUSP7 also led to defective chromosome congression that resulted in a prolonged mitosis. Consistently, chemical inhibition of the MEK kinase that phosphorylates ERK2 or ERK2 itself led to chromosome alignment defects. Our results support a model where MEK phosphorylation and DUSP7 dephosphorylation regulate the levels of active phospho-ERK2 to promote proper cell division.
You Want To Do What?! In-Home Extubation at the End of Life

Introduction: Few things are as emotionally devastating to a family as the death of a child; an unfortunately common occurrence in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). For many dying infants, critical care expertise and respiratory support are provided while families finalize end-of-life care plans. While grieving is a critical step to processing the death of an infant, NICU families are rarely afforded the opportunity do this privately due to the chaotic, open-bay nature of many NICUs. We present the case of a 37 week infant, born with an inoperable …
Enhancement of Drug Seeking Following Drug Taking in a Sexual Context Requires Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity in Male Rats

Individual variance in vulnerability to develop addictions is influenced by social factors. Specifically, drug-taking in a sexual context appears to enhance further drug-seeking behavior in human users, as these users identify the effects of drugs to enhance sexual pleasure as a primary reason for continued drug use. Methamphetamine (Meth) is commonly used in this context. Similarly, male rats that self-administered Meth immediately followed by sexual behavior display enhanced drug-seeking behavior, including attenuation of extinction and increased reinstatement to seeking of Meth-associated cues. Hence, drug-taking in a sexual context enhances vulnerability for addiction. However, the neural mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. Here the hypothesis was tested that medial prefrontal cortex is essential for this effect of Meth and sex when experienced concurrently. First it was shown that CaMKII neurons in the anterior cingulate area (ACA) were co-activated by both Meth and sex. Next, chemogenetic inactivation of ACA CaMKII cells using AAV5-CaMKIIa-hM4Di-mCherry was shown not to affect Meth-induced locomotor activity or sexual behavior. Subsequently, chemogenetic inactivation of ACA CaMKII neurons during Meth self-administration followed by sexual behavior was shown to prevent the effects of Meth and sex on enhanced reinstatement of Meth-seeking but did not affect enhanced drug-seeking during extinction tests. These results indicate that ACA CaMKII cell activation during exposure to Meth in a sexual context plays an essential role in the subsequent enhancement of drug-seeking during reinstatement tests.
Assessment of Advanced Perioperative Outcomes to Identify the True Learning Curve of Robotic-assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the learning curve of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy as it pertains to operative time (OT) and advanced perioperative variables such as achievement of trifecta, postoperative complications, 30-day readmission rates (RR), warm ischemia time (WIT), and functional volume loss (FVL). Methods We evaluated 418 consecutive robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy performed by a single surgeon between February 2008 and April 2019. Multivariable log-log regression models were used to evaluate the associations between case number and continuous outcomes (OT, WIT, and FVL). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of case number with dichotomous outcomes (trifecta, postoperative complications, RR). Results Among the 406 eligible patients included in the study, 252 (62.1%) were male, median age was 63 years (range, 22-84), and median body mass index was 29 kg/m2 (interquartile range 26-33). Surgeon experience was associated with shorter OT (−2.5% per 50% increase in case number; 95% confidence interval; P Conclusion There does not appear to be a relationship between surgical experience and grade 3 or higher postoperative complications, 30-day RR, WIT, or FVL. Trifecta outcomes and maximum OT performance appear to be optimized at approximately 77 cases.
Las páginas del Haber en un cuaderno de contabilidad, marca Carabela: las copias en limpio de los cuentos de Borges de 1939 a 1941

Este articulo describe la practica de Borges de escribir las segundas versiones de la mayor parte de los cuentos de El jardin de senderos que se bifurcan (1941) en las paginas del Haber de un cuaderno de contabilidad. Luego de reconstruir el contenido de ese cuaderno (del que se cortaron los borradores de los cuentos), de estudia en detalle el manuscrito de uno de los cuentos, “Examen de la obra de Herbert Quain”. Por unos detalles que difieren de la version publicada en Sur, se puede fechar ese manuscrito con cierta precision.
Giant Right Coronary Ostial Aneurysm in a Patient With Marfan Syndrome.

Aortic root dilation and aortic insufficiency are prominent causes of morbidity in Marfan syndrome. These pathologies necessitate surgical repair, including aortic root and aortic valve replacement procedures, to improve prognosis. Coronary artery aneurysms, particularly giant coronary ostial aneurysms, are rare complications of these surgeries in the Marfan population. Due to the significant life-threatening sequelae of coronary artery aneurysms, it is imperative to bring attention regarding this complication to the radiologist assessing thoracic imaging in this patient population.
Are Reforms to Section 1201 Needed and Warranted? Testimony Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Intellectual Property

This testimony recounts: 1. The wide array of ordinary people affected by Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in their efforts to engage in noninfringing activities; 2. The chilling, burdensome nature of the regulatory process with which they must engage in the triennial review; and 3. Suggested approaches to reforming Section 1201.
RNA editing-mediated regulation of calcium-dependent activator protein CAPS1 localization and its impact on synaptic transmission

Calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) is a SNARE accessory protein that facilitates formation of the SNARE complex to enable neurotransmitter release. Messenger RNAs encoding CAPS1 are subject to a site-specific adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing event resulting in a glutamate-to-glycine (E-to-G) substitution in the C-terminal domain of the encoded protein product. The C-terminal domain of CAPS1 is necessary for its synaptic enrichment and Cadps RNA editing has been shown previously to enhance the release of neuromodulatory transmitters. Using mutant mouse lines engineered to solely express CAPS1 protein isoforms encoded by either the non-edited or edited Cadps transcript, primary neuronal cultures from mouse hippocampus were used to explore the effect of Cadps editing on neurotransmission and CAPS1 synaptic localization at both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. While the editing of Cadps does not alter baseline evoked neurotransmission, it enhances short term synaptic plasticity, specifically short-term depression, at inhibitory synapses. Cadps editing also alters spontaneous inhibitory neurotransmission. Neurons that solely express edited Cadps have a greater proportion of synapses that contain CAPS1 than neurons that solely express non-edited Cadps for both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Editing of Cadps transcripts is regulated by neuronal activity, as global network stimulation increases the extent of transcripts edited in wild-type hippocampal neurons, whereas chronic network silencing decreases the level of Cadps editing. Taken together, these results provide key insights into the importance of Cadps editing in modulating its own synaptic localization, as well as the modulation of neurotransmission at inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons.
Subjective Measure of Cognitive Load Depends on Participants’ Content Knowledge Level

Cognitive load theory posits the classic view that cognitive load has three components: intrinsic, extraneous and germane. Prior research has shown that subjective ratings are valid measures of different cognitive load subtypes. To a lesser degree, how the validity of these subjective ratings depends on learner characteristics has not been studied. In this research, we explored the extent to which the validity of a specific set of subjective measures depends upon learners’ prior knowledge. Specifically, we developed an eight-item survey to measure the three aforementioned subtypes of cognitive load perceived by participants in a testing environment. In the first experiment, (N = 45) participants categorized the eight items into different groups based on similarity of themes. Most of the participants sorted the items consistent with a three-fold construct of the cognitive load theory. Interviews with a subgroup (N= 13) of participants provided verbal evidence corroborating their understanding of the items that was consistent with the classic view of the cognitive load theory. In the second experiment, (N = 139) participants completed the survey twice after taking a conceptual test in a pre/post setting. A principal component analysis revealed a two-component structure for the survey when the content knowledge level of the participants was initially lower, but a three-component structure when the content knowledge of the participants was improved to a higher level. The results seem to suggest that low prior knowledge participants failed to differentiate the items targeting the intrinsic load from those measuring the extraneous load. In the third experiment, (N = 40) participants completed the cognitive load survey after taking a test consisting of problems imposing different levels of intrinsic and extraneous load. The results reveals that how participants rated on the cognitive load survey was consistent with how each cognitive load subtype was manipulated. Thus, the cognitive load survey developed is decently effective measuring different types of cognitive load. We suggest instructors to use this instrument after participants have established certain level of relevant knowledge.
Diagnosis and treatment of a closed and inverted metacarpal head fracture

This case report documents a rare inversion of a closed metacarpal head fracture in the setting of polytrauma. Although rare, hemispherical articular bones can fracture and rotate 180°. Because of the symmetry of the bone and the rarity of an inverted, metacarpal head fracture, a delay in diagnosis and subsequent treatment can occur, which can lead to a poor outcome. This is particularly true in the setting of polytrauma. A 38-year-old male, polytrauma patient presented to the emergency department (ED) after falling off a bridge and being struck by an oncoming vehicle. He presented with multiple surgical fractures of the upper and lower extremities as well as his pelvis. Three days after he was brought to the ED, x-rays were performed of his painful left hand, which revealed an extra-articular third metacarpal head fracture, for which he underwent open reduction of the closed fracture. Both collateral ligaments were intact and the head fragment had inverted within the constraints of these ligaments. Some of the ligament and capsular tissue remained attached to the head fragment along the radial and ulnar margins but was otherwise entirely covered with cartilage. The reduction maneuver was difficult but after the reduction was achieved, the fracture appeared stable and no internal fixation was used. Post reduction, the injury was splinted for 2 weeks and then early motion was allowed. The fracture has since healed, and the patient has attained near-full function of the finger and joint.
Gender-moderated associations between adolescent mental health, conventional substance use, and vaping

Abstract Existing studies have overlooked the moderating effect of gender on the associations between mental health, conventional substance use, and electronic vapor product (EVP) use, colloquially called “vaping.” Thus, this study examined whether mental health problems and conventional substance use have different effects on EVP use among female and male adolescents. Data were drawn from the CDC’s 2019 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey. A multivariate hierarchical logistic regression was conducted using a national sample of high school students in the United States (N = 13,677). The results showed statistically significant associations between mental health problems and EVP use, as well as between conventional substance use and EVP use, among adolescents. Furthermore, gender was a significant moderator that influences both associations. Specifically, the impact of mental health problems on EVP use was greater among female adolescents than among their male counterparts. Conversely, the impacts of current cigarette and marijuana use on EVP use were greater among male adolescents than among their female counterparts. Effective prevention and intervention programs should consider and address these co-occurrences of mental health problems, substance use, and EVP use differently for male and female adolescents.
A Case Report of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Harboring a PTEN Loss.

The treatment landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has dramatically improved over the last decade; however, patients with visceral metastases are still faced with poor outcomes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss is observed in 40%–60% of mCRPC patients and is also associated with a poor prognosis. Several PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors have been studied, with disappointing anti-tumor activity. Here, we present a case of a patient with heavily treated mCRPC who had a modest tumor response to concurrent carboplatin, abiraterone acetate/prednisone, and liver-directed radiation therapy. We discuss the potential rationale supporting the use of this combination therapy and its safety in mCRPC. While the underlying basic mechanism of our patient’s anti-tumor response remains uncertain, we suggest that further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate whether this combination therapy is effective in this population of patients with pre-treated mCRPC and PTEN loss.
A Comparison Study of Bessel SWEI and Supersonic Shear Imaging: Energy and Contrast Evaluations

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) induced Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) is a noninvasive method to characterize pathological tissues. Conventionally, ARF is generated by focused beam with limited depth of focus. Supersonic shear imaging (SSI) uses multiple push-beam foci to achieve larger depth of field (DoF) elastograms. Here, we propose a SWEI method based on Bessel apodized ARF to generate larger DoF with lower energy. As a result, Bessel elastogram in gel phantom shows 19% higher contrast-to-noise ration (CNR) and 95% lower energy than SSI. Furthermore, Bessel elastogram in porcine liver shows 61% higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 56% lower energy than SSI.
Percolation of temporal hierarchical mobility networks during COVID-19

Percolation theory is essential for understanding disease transmission patterns on the temporal mobility networks. However, the traditional approach of the percolation process can be inefficient wh...
The Effects of Dopamine on the Ventilatory Response to Sustained Hypoxia in Humans

The ventilatory response to acutely imposed sustained isocapnic hypoxia is biphasic(5). In humans, ventilation increases immediately in the first 3–5 minutes of hypoxia (hypoxic ventilatory stimulation, HVS), then gradually declines over the next 15–20 minutes to a value intermediate between the normoxic and the peak hypoxic ventilation(5). The initial hyperventilatory response is due to increased peripheral chemoreceptor output; however the mechanisms of the subsequent hypoxic ventilatory decline (HVD) are not well elucidated. In animals, the peripheral chemoreceptor discharge does not adapt during sustained hypoxia but the phrenic nerve efferent discharge does decrease(18) and hypoxia causes ventilatory depression when the carotid sinus nerve is cut(1). These findings suggest a central origin for the ventilatory decline. Increases in inhibitory central neuromodulators, such as GABA(17) and adenosine(4), and the hypoxia-induced increase in cerebral blood flow washing out acid metabolites(21) have been proposed as possible mechanisms for the ventilatory decline.
Learning effects of design strategies on high school students

An experimental design research method was used to study learning effects of design strategies comparing engineering design processes with trial and error design approaches. Students that met participation requirements were randomly selected and assigned into one of the two high school groups. The engineering design process was identified as the experimental treatment group while the trial and error process was identified as the control group. A common design project was created as the central focus for the instructional topic in both the experimental and control group for the study. Researchers collected end of treatment data from the student participants at the completion of a five-day program period. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate data from the Engineering Design Test. Analysis revealed an F-value of 4.398 with a significance of 0.043 between groups. A Cohen’s d effective size of -0.680 was realized, indicating a practical medium effect. John Mativo is an Assistant Professor at the University of Georgia. He can be reached at jmativo@uga.edu. Robert Wicklein is a Professor at the University of Georgia. He can be reached at