cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiographs Versus Radiographic Measurements in Distal Radius Fractures

Surgeons use radiographic measures of deformity to help make treatment decisions in distal radius fractures. Precise threshold values are sometimes offered as a guide to treatment. The purpose was to evaluate if agreement on treatment recommendations would improve if surgeons were provided with radiographs rather than precise numeric radiographic measurements. We randomized 259 surgeons to review the scenarios of 30 consecutive adult patients with a distal radius fracture treated at our emergency department either with radiographs (135 surgeons) or with radiographic measurements (124 surgeons). Interrater reliability was measured with the Fleiss’ generalized Kappa. Factors associated with a recommendation for operative treatment were sought in bivariate and multivariable analyses. Surgeons that received measurements only recommended operative treatment significantly more often, but were less likely to agree than surgeons evaluating actual radiographs. Patient factors - radiographic factors in particular - had a greater influence on treatment recommendation than surgeon factors. Agreement on treatment recommendations improved if surgeons were provided with radiographs instead of just measurements. There may be radiographic factors other than measures of deformity that some surgeons use to determine recommendations for surgery.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insights into Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Challenges, and Therapeutic Options

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the presence of myocardial dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Hyperglycemia seems to be central to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and to trigger a series of maladaptive stimuli that result in myocardial fibrosis and collagen deposition. These processes are thought to be responsible for altered myocardial relaxation characteristics and manifest as diastolic dysfunction on imaging. Sophisticated imaging technologies also have permitted the detection of subtle systolic dysfunction in the diabetic myocardium. In the early stages, these changes appear reversible with tight metabolic control, but as the pathologic processes become organized, the changes are irreversible and contribute to an excess risk of heart failure among diabetic patients independently of common comorbidities, such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. Therapeutic agents specifically targeting processes that lead to these pathophysiologic changes are in the early stages of development. Although glycemic control and early administration of neurohormonal antagonists remain the cornerstones of therapeutic approaches, newer treatment targets are currently being explored.
Ceruloplasmin levels in the human superior temporal gyrus in aging and Alzheimer's disease

In the present study we observed a loss in excess of 1/3 of the copper transport and anti-oxidant protein ceruloplasmin in both the gray and white matter from superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer's diseased brains compared to age-matched controls. A decrease in ceruloplasmin could be reflected in decreased cellular metabolic processes such as the electron transport system and a decrease in the ability of the brain to protect itself from oxidative damage. Both decreased metabolic activity and an increase in oxidative insults are known to be associated with the neurological events in Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanism by which these phenomena occur are unknown. These results coupled with previous reports from this laboratory on iron regulatory proteins in the brain suggests one way in which cellular dysfunction and oxidative stress occurs in AD may be through a loss of ability to maintain a balance of essential metals.
Acoustic emission monitoring of CFRP reinforced concrete slabs

Abstract Debonding of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials used for repair of reinforced concrete elements is commonly observed and is often the critical limit state for such systems. This paper presents an acoustic emission (AE) study performed during laboratory tests of concrete slab specimens strengthened with CFRP strips. Several specimens having different CFRP details were monitored. An AE paradigm to monitor damage initiation, progression, and location in the test specimens is demonstrated. An algorithm to classify the cracks in concrete, the disbond of the CFRP strips from the soffit of the slab, and the eventual failure (debonding or concrete shear) is also presented. The proposed general approach can be applied to large scale CFRP–concrete systems.
State space reductions for scalable verification of asynchronous designs

This paper presents several state space reductions for verifying non-trivial asynchronous designs with a compositional minimization approach. These reductions result in a reduced model that contains the exact set of observably equivalent behavior. Therefore no false counter-examples are produced at the end of verification. The experimental results show good scale-up of compositional minimization using these reductions on a number of asynchronous designs.
Characterization of carbon nano-fiber modified hot mix asphalt mixtures

Abstract Multifunctional nanomaterials hold the potential to cost-effectively enhance the efficiency and long-term performance of transportation materials. This study focuses on the mechanistic characteristics of electrically conductive carbon nano-fiber (CNF) modified hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. HMA mixtures were modified with varying percentages of CNF. The viscoelastic, strength, permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics of the neat and modified mixtures were evaluated under indirect tension mode. In order to understand the micromechanical behavior of CNF in HMA mixtures, the microstructure and morphology of fracture surfaces of HMA samples were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that the addition of CNF improves the performance of HMA mixtures in a unique way. This paper presents the understanding of CNF behavior and its impact on the overall mechanical characteristics and laboratory performance of HMA mixtures.
Patient dumping in New York City, 1877-1917.

Although the term “patient dumping” was rarely used before the 1960s, the practice started much earlier. In the late 1870s, the New York Times began to report that private hospitals were using ambulances to shift poor, moribund patients to Bellevue, the city's preeminent public facility. Many trips had serious medical consequences. Private hospitals also instructed ambulances to take critically ill patients directly to Bellevue regardless of the distance. Efforts to combat such practices took various forms. When transfers resulted in death, Manhattan coroners held inquests. In 1902, the Commissioner of Charities issued an order requiring that he be sent a full report from the superintendent of any hospital in which a patient transferred from another facility died within three days after admission. Four years later, the city passed an ordinance imposing a severe penalty on any hospital official who transferred an ill patient. Those reforms were only partially effective at deterring such transfers.
Rhyacionia Egg Parasitism by Trichogramma minutum Riley

During a study of egg laying and larval habits of Rhyacionia spp. on loblolly pine shoots, Pinus taeda L., 64.5% of the eggs were found parasitized by a minute chalcid, Trichogramma minutum Riley. Parasites emerged from 77.5% of these parasitized eggs. About ½ of the Rhyacionia eggs were parasitized hortly after egg laying. The remaining eggs were present on the pine shoots from 4 to 22 days before parasitism by Trichogramma . This high percentage of egg parasitism of an insect which neilher produces a high egg density nor lays eggs in clusters is particularly significant. Each Rhyacionia egg apparently provides nourishment for the development of only I parasite because observed multiparasitism by T. minutum resulted in death of all parasite progeny. It is speculated that an abundance of overwintering parasite host eggs, along with favorable weather conditions, contributed to a high T. minutum population in this pine plantation. Observations show that T. minutum may be of considerable value in the reduction of Rhyacionia populations and subsequent damage to pines.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles A 54 dB $\Omega $ + 42 dB 10 Gb/s SiGe Transimpedance-Limiting Amplifier Using Bootstrap Photodiode Capacitance Neutralization and Vertical Threshold Adjustment

A high-gain 10 Gb/s transimpedance-limiting amplifier (TIA-LA) capable of directly driving a SERDES IC was realized in a 60 GHz fT 0.2 mum SiGe BiCMOS SOI process. The shunt-feedback common-emitter input stage uses a bootstrap technique to neutralize the photodiode parasitic capacitance. Cascode configurations and cross-coupled Miller capacitance cancellation were used to minimize the input capacitance of the signal path stages. This reduces the number of inter-stage isolation emitter- followers, allowing low-voltage operation. A signal-amplitude-dependent adjustable threshold was implemented in the back-end limiting stages by using inverse hyperbolic tangent circuits. Integrating the high-gain TIA-LA signal path on the same die was made possible by using an SOI process in conjunction with die thinning to reduce substrate coupling and minimizing the output-to- input bondwire magnetic coupling through a careful pin location selection. The main limiting-TIA IC specifications include: 96 dBOmega total gain given by 54 dBOmega TIA gain and 42 dB LA voltage gain, 12 muA input sensitivity, < 8 pA/ radicHz input equivalent noise, 0.3 W power consumption from a 3.3 V supply and 1.8 times 1.8 mm2 die area.
Supernova relic neutrino background

An upper bound to the supernova relic neutrino background from all past type II supernovae is obtained using observations of the universal metal enrichment history. We show that an unambiguous detection of these relic neutrinos by the SuperKamiokande detector is unlikely. We also analyze the event rate in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (where coincident neutrons from ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{D}{\mathrm{nne}}^{+}$ might enhance background rejection), and arrive at the same conclusion. If the relic neutrino flux should be observed to exceed our upper bound and if the observations of the metal enrichment history (for $zl1)$ are not in considerable error, then either the type II supernova rate does not track the metal enrichment history or some mechanism may be responsible for transforming ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu},\ensuremath{\tau}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}.$
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON PREGNANCY AND ON PASSAGE OF OVA THROUGH THE OVIDUCTS OF MICE121,2

SINCE it had been shown that small injections of estrogen begun the day of mating resulted in the retention of fertilised ova in the fallopian tubes (1) and mas-sive doses caused anacceleration of the rate of passage (2), it was thought probable that androgens might also affectthe tubal passage of the eggs. To test this possibility, mated mice were selected after the formation of the vaginal plug (a.v.p.) and subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate were usually begun the day of mating, 6 to 8 hours after the seminal plug had been found. Over 100 mated animals were used in the experiments. However, those animals autopsied before 70 hours a.v.p. are not reported here because it was found that, in these, the androgen had no apparent effect on either the ova or their tubal passage. The animals were divided into 5 groups according to the amount of androgen injected.
Complete Genome Sequence of Carnobacterium gilichinskyi Strain WN1359T (DSM 27470T).

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of Carnobacterium gilichinskyi strain WN1359, previously isolated from Siberian permafrost and capable of growth under cold (0°C), anoxic, CO 2 -dominated, low-pressure (0.7-kPa) conditions in a simulation of the Mars atmosphere.
Entrepreneurial Prototype in Bank Management: A Comparative Study of Branch Bank Managers

The article describes a study which explored the differences between types of branch bank managers under divergent managerial policy in the United States. The author describes the pattern of banks ...
Discrete phase simulation of gas–liquid–solid fluidization systems: single bubble rising behavior

Abstract A computational scheme for discrete-phase simulation of a gas–liquid–solid fluidization system and a two-dimensional code based on it are developed in this study. In this scheme, the volume-averaged method, the dispersed particle method, and the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method are used to account for the flow of liquid, solid particles, and gas bubbles respectively. The gas–liquid interfacial mass, momentum and energy transfer is described by a continuum surface force (CSF) model. A close-distance interaction (CDI) model is introduced which illustrates the motion of the particle prior to its collision; upon collision, the hard sphere model is employed. The particle–bubble interaction is formulated by incorporating the surface tension force in the equation of motion of particles. The particle–liquid interaction is brought into the liquid phase Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations through the use of Newton's third law of motion. The volume-averaged liquid phase N–S equations are solved using the time-split two-step projection method. The simulation results using this scheme are verified for bed expansion and pressure drop in liquid–solid fluidized beds. The simulation of a single bubble rising in a liquid–solid suspension and the particle entrainment by a bubble on the surface of the bed is conducted and the results are in agreement with the experimental findings.
A Review of “The Biology of Belief: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter, and Miracles”

Cellular biologist Bruce Lipton, Ph.D., calls for a “New Biology” in his book The Biology of Belief: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter, and Miracles. This New Biology goes beyond Darwin...
Stimulated Raman scattering in a multimode optical fiber with bend-induced loss

Abstract Evolution of fiber modes in stimulated Raman scattering is investigated in a 7.9 μm core multimode optical fiber which has equidistant loss-inducing bends uniformly distributed along the length of the fiber. For LP 01 excitation, there is an optimum bend-to bend distance which minimizes the macrobending loss as well as inhibit the evolution of higher order modes. The multimode fiber can thus be made to mimic a single mode fiber.
Estimation of angle of arrival in a discrete random scattering environment using a Capon beamformer with a compensation matrix

We analyse the problem of the estimation of the angle of arrival in discrete random scattering media. Assuming incidence of a plane wave, we derive the performance of the determination of the angle of arrival in terms of beamwidth, which reflects the ability to resolve the angle of arrival from several directions. The minimum variance beamformer or Capon beamformer is applied. We demonstrate that in random scattering media the signal arriving at the receiving array shows correlation and is modelled as a Gaussian function, and this correlation deteriorates the ability to determine the angle of arrival. A matrix compensation is introduced to improve the performance by correcting the correlation. The main parameter in compensation is the correlation length. We investigate the effect of the correlation length on the angle of arrival.
Natural frequencies and elastic stability of a simply-supported rectangular plate under linearly varying compressive loads

Natural frequencies and elastic stability of simply supported rectangular plate under linearly varying compressive loads
The structural basis of the mutagenicity of chemicals in Salmonella typhimirium: The National Toxicology Program data base

A portion of the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity data base was analyzed by CASE, an artificial intelligence SAR system. CASE identified 13 structural determinants which, with a high probability (p less than or equal to 0.05) predicted the likelihood of mutagenicity of the 243 chemicals in the data base (sensitivity = 0.989; specificity = 0.950) as well as of chemicals not included in the data base. CASE also identified an additional set of structures which were highly predictive of mutagenic potency (sensitivity = 0.949; specificity = 1.00). Even though there is little overlap among the chemicals included in the NTP and Gene-Tox Salmonella data bases, CASE found significant similarities between the structural determinants of the mutagenicity in the two data bases, thereby validating the analyses and indicating a commonality in the structural basis of mutagenicity.
Small NASA Missions

Andrew Lawler's article “Small missions lift planetary science” (News & Comment, [12 Sept., p. 1596][1]) highlights the ongoing transformation in the exploration by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the solar system: a steady stream of relatively small, focused flights (for example, the successful Mars Pathfinder and the soon-to-be-launched Lunar Prospector) is replacing the infrequent multibillion-dollar, comprehensive missions (Galileo, now observing Jupiter and its retinue of moons, and Cassini, launched to Saturn) that NASA used to fly. The introduction of these “smaller, cheaper, faster” missions has reinvigorated a stagnant field. Three recent National Research Council (NRC) reports ([1][2]) agree with Lawler's analysis that NASA's new philosophy brings many advantages. For small planetary missions to fulfill their promise, however, certain guidelines must be met. Each mission should be proposed as an integrated package led by a principal investigator and should be selected through open competition; this is not being done in NASA's New Millennium Program, nor in its Mars Surveyor Program. Moreover, NASA should impose minimal restrictions on the mission design. Last, NASA's past practices must change to eliminate unnecessary oversight and review. Long-term scientific objectives will only be fully achieved if sufficient funds are made available for spacecraft operations and for the full analysis of the data returned by these missions. In the past, mission concepts have been gestated by judicious funding from NASA's Research and Analysis (RA yet RA yet it is far from clear whether NASA's aversion to risk has lessened. Finally, a responsive program for planetary exploration will require a mix of mission sizes ranging from comprehensive missions with multiple objectives to small missions with highly constrained scientific goals ([2][3]). The jury is still out on whether small missions will return as much knowledge, both scientific and technological, per dollar as have the flagship missions of the past. 1. [↵][4]The Role of Small Missions in Planetary and Lunar Exploration (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1995). 2. [↵][5]An Integrated Strategy for the Planetary Sciences: 1995–2010 (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1994). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.277.5332.1596 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text"
Consumer Resistance to Innovations: The Marketing Problem and its solutions

Considers why customers resist innovations even though they are considered necessary and desirable. Identifies functional barriers such as usage, value, and risk, and psychological barriers such as tradition and image. Concludes that successful innovation lies not in bowing down to consumer resistance, but in understanding the causes and developing a marketing strategy to attack them.
Sulphoxides as ligands—III dimethylsulphoxide complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) containing tetrahedral tetrahalo anions

Abstract The preparation of the compounds [Co(DMSO)6]I2, [Co(DMSO)6][CoI4], [Co(DMSO)6] [Co(NCS)4], [Co(NCS)2(DMSO)4] [Ni(DMSO)6]Br2, [Ni(DMSO)6][NiBr4], [Ni(DMSO)6][NiBr4]· 2DMSO, [Ni(DMSO)6]I2, Ni(DMSO)4I2, Ni(DMSO)4(NCS(2 and Ni(DMSO)4(ONO2)2 is reported and structural assignments are suggested on the basis of spectral and magnetic data which are also reported. The formulas as written above indicate the proposed structures and the anions [CoI4]2−, [Co(NCS)]42− and [NiBr4]2− are believed to be tetrahedral.
Toxic shock syndrome and diaphragm use

A case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) associated with diaphragm use is presented. Adolescents who use a diaphragm should be informed of the symptoms of TSS, and those with the syndrome should be questioned about diaphragm use.
Analysis and design of recessed vitrified grinding wheels: Part 1 – small cup wheels

Grinding wheels are tools used to form precision components and continue to be used to increase production rates due to their ability to remove high volumes of material at high speeds. There is a demand to increase the speed of rotation of the grinding wheel in order to achieve high removal rates, especially with vitrified grinding wheels. The increase in speed creates a situation where the grinding machine and the operator are subjected to a possible catastrophic failure of the wheel due to the stresses generated in the coarse brittle structure of the vitrified grinding wheel. Calculations were conducted to determine maximum stress in parallel-sided and recessed cup wheels. Relevant factors of safety and bursting speed were also calculated and compared with experimental data. The paper proves the usefulness and applicability of a method developed for taking account of stress concentrations at the recess of small cup-shaped grinding wheels.
Experimental infection of Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens fatigans with Wuchereria bancrofti in coastal East Africa.

Laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae A and Culex pipiens fatigans from Tanzania, East Africa were experimentally infected with Wuchereria bancrofti to compare vector potential in the 2 species. Uptake of microfilariae, survival of the vector after an infective blood meal, number of filarial larvae reaching the infective stage and percentage of mosquitoes harboring infective larvae after 14 days were compared in the laboratory. C. p. fatigans ingested more than 3 times as many microfilariae when the 2 species were fed simultaneously on the same carrier. Fifty-four percent of the C. p. fatigans contained infective larvae after 14days compared to 9.0% of the A. gambiae. Feeding on a carrier with lower microfilaremia produced comparably lower values for each species. The mean number of infective larvae per positive mosquito was nearly twice as high in C. p. fatigans. A. gambiae showed a lower mortality rate than C. p. fatigans after an infective blood meal, but data indicated that the extremely low infection rates in A. gambiae nearly equated infected groups with controls. The extreme differences in Vector potential between the 2 species, in conjunction with the apparent role of A. gambiae as a vector in nature, suggest that strain rather than natural susceptibility may have been a major factor in the results of this study.
A factor produced by cultured rat Leydig tumor (Rice 500) cells associated with humoral hypercalcemia stimulates adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production via the parathyroid hormone receptor in human skin fibroblasts.

The Rice-500 Leydig cell tumor of Fischer rats is associated with humoral hypercalcemia invivo and produces a factor that stimulates cAMP formation in cultured rat osteosarcoma cells. We found that cultured human skin fibroblasts respond to both human PTH-(1–34) and the factor produced by cultured rat Leydig tumor cells with a dose-dependent rise in cAMP formation. The time courses for stimulation of the two agents were similar, and stimulation by both was blocked by the competitive PTH antagonist [8,18-norleucine,34-tyrosine]bovine PTH-(3–34) amide. These data suggest that PTH-like factors secreted by a murine tumor are capable of interacting with the human PTH receptor.(J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60: 1144,1985)
Mechanism of homologous recombination: mediators and helicases take on regulatory functions

Homologous recombination (HR) is an important mechanism for the repair of damaged chromosomes, for preventing the demise of damaged replication forks, and for several other aspects of chromosome maintenance. As such, HR is indispensable for genome integrity, but it must be regulated to avoid deleterious events. Mutations in the tumour-suppressor protein BRCA2, which has a mediator function in HR, lead to cancer formation. DNA helicases, such as Bloom's syndrome protein (BLM), regulate HR at several levels, in attenuating unwanted HR events and in determining the outcome of HR. Defects in BLM are also associated with the cancer phenotype. The past several years have witnessed dramatic advances in our understanding of the mechanism and regulation of HR.
Synthesis of Escherichia coli branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase in vitro in a coupled transcription-translation system.

Abstract Synthesis of the Escherichia coli branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (transaminase-B; EC 2.6.1.42), the product of the ilv E gene, has been accomplished in vitro in a coupled transcription-translation system directed by DNA from a plasmid known to contain the ilv EDA operon. The identification of the protein was determined by its comigration with purified transaminase B, both on two-dimensional gels and on slab gels containing exponential gradients of acrylamide. Also reported is a comparison between RNA-directed and DNA-directed (coupled) protein synthesis reactions for optimal magnesium concentration, pH, template concentration, and kinetics of incorporation.
Organogenic regeneration of soybean from hypocotyl explants

Thirteen soybean genotypes representing maturity groups IV−VI were compared for organogenic responses on three media cultured under two lighting conditions with hypocotyl sections excised from 7-d-old seedlings. All soybean lines responsed by producing adventitious shoots on the acropetal end of the hypocotyl explants, confirming genotype-independence of shoot initiation. Media containing 6-benzyladenine (BA; 5.0–10 μM) induced the greatest numbers of shoots. Histological studies confirmed the adventitious nature of arising shoots by indicative formation of meristematic zones and shoot primordia from parenchymatous tissues of central pith and plumular trace regions of the hypocotyl. Incompletely excised cotyledonary buds also contributed to shoot initiation. Degrees of responses were media-dependent and varied with regard to genotype. Centennial, Epps, and Lyon gave the greatest individual responses. Between cultivars (across all treatments), the regeneration potential (percentage of explants producing meristem-like structures or shoot primordia) 4 wk after initiation ranged from 47 to 75%. Four wk later, regenerative ability (number of shoots produced per responding explant) and regeneration efficiency (number of shoots produced per explant plated) yielded 1.4–7.1 and 1.0–5.0 shoots, respectively. The optimized protocol included initiation on a medium containing 5.0 μM BA for 4 wk, then transfer onto a shoot elongation medium (0.36 μM BA) for 4 wk. For 11 genotypes tested, 66–100% of excised shoots produced roots after 4 wk on media containing 12.5–29.2 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Of 109 regenerants transplanted to soil, 94% survived and no sterility has been observed on those mature enough to flower.
Formative Evaluation Alternatives.

Traditional formative evaluation methods and tools have a documented history of successful use. Expert, one-to-one, small group, and field-test methods have been used for decades. However, changes in design practice, technology, and lately, in theory, have resulted in alternative evaluation methods that are not as well-known in current design literature. These methods can be used to complement or replace traditional evaluation methods in a formative evaluation project. Some of these alternative methods use different groupings of experts or learners, while others use different evaluation questions or technologies. This article explains each of these formative evaluation alternatives and outlines their advantages, disadvantages, and applicable contexts.
Enhancing corporate reputation for market expansion in China: customer orientation and the mediating effect of product and service quality

Corporate reputation could be a vital means for multinationals to reduce market entry barriers, foster customer retention, and strengthen competitive advantage in China. This study investigates the link between customer orientation, product and service quality, and corporate reputation. We conducted hierarchal regression analyses to examine survey data of 615 foreign firms which entered China by means of wholly-owned subsidies or joint-ventures. Our findings reveal that quality customer services are critical for foreign firms penetrating local markets in China. However, without proper targeting and positioning strategies, even quality products are unable to create the desired efficacy in enhancing corporate reputation. We show that the adoption of customer orientation positively associates with corporate reputation for foreign firms making successful inroads in China; and that product and service quality may be used as marketing means for those firms embracing customer orientation to obtain desired corpor...
The Brookhaven double MP facility: Recent developments and plans for the future

Abstract The Brookhaven Tandem Van de Graaff facility consists of two model MP accelerators which have been extensively modified and improved over the years. Recent accelerator developments leading to a maximum terminal voltage of 16.5 MV for one of the machines include an increase of the active length of the acceleration tubes, installation of vacuum pumps at intermediate field-free sections, installation of smooth high voltage terminal shields and the implementation of a system for individual acceleration tube conditioning. A new cylindrical voltage divider resistor shield arrangement has been tested and will be installed. A novel 4-stage mode of operating the tandems provides variable low energy highly charged heavy ions used for atomic physics experiments. This type of operation has been improved by the addition of a removable gridded lens at the exit of the last acceleration tube. Plans for the future include the production of relativistic heavy ions by injecting beams from the tandems into the AGS 30 GeV proton accelerator at BNL either directly or via a tandem booster cyclotron. For this purpose, a high intensity pulsed beam system was developed and tested.
Migrants to Amazonia: Spontaneous Colonization In the Brazilian Frontier

Migrants to Amazonia: Spontaneous Colonization In the Brazilian Frontier. Judith Lisansky. Westvlew Press: Boulder and London, 1989. 180 pp. $14.85 (paper). ISBN 0-8133-7495-2.
Impairment and disability: Renoir's adaptive coping strategies against rheumatoid arthritis

Pierre-Auguste Renoir was one of the most influential painters in art history, but few people know that he suffered from debilitating rheumatoid arthritis. Despite his arthritis, he was able to maintain an incredible level of precision and efficiency with his painting. More importantly, he remained positive and did not let his condition affect his passion for painting or take away from the beauty that he saw in the world around him. Renoir applied a wide variety of coping mechanisms and used his ingenuity to come up with different ways to continue painting even as his arthritis weakened him. Renoir's long battle with rheumatoid arthritis serves as an inspiration to patients who experience the pain and limited mobility associated with this disease, encouraging them to persevere and to develop coping mechanisms that prevent the effects of their impairment from disabling them.
Cockpit display of ground-based weather data during thunderstorm research flights

This paper describes an integrated system for providing ground-based cockpit display, transmitting to an aircraft, upon request via VHF radio, important ground-based thunderstorm data such as radar precipitation reflectivity contours, aircraft ground track, and cloud-to-ground lightning locations. Examples of the airborne X-band weather radar display and the ground-based display are presented for two different missions during the NASA Storm Hazards Program. In spite of some limitation, the system was found to be helpful in the selection of the route of flight, the general ground track to be used, and, occasionally, in clarifying the location of a specific cell of interest.
Neuromodulation and the orchestration of the respiratory rhythm.

The respiratory system is continuously modulated by numerous aminergic and peptidergic substances that act at all levels of integration: from the sensory level to the level of central networks and motor nuclei. The same neuronal networks receive inputs from multiple modulators released locally as well as from distal nuclei. All parameters of respiratory control are controlled by multiple neuromodulators. By partly converging onto similar G-proteins and second messenger systems, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, ATP, substance P, cholecystokinin (CCK) can increase frequency, regularity and amplitude of respiratory activity. Yet, the same modulator can also exert differential effects on respiratory activity by acting on different receptors partly in the same neurons. In the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BotC) modulators can differentially modulate frequency and amplitude in different types of pacemaker neurons. Similarly motoneurons located in different motor nuclei receive differential amplitude modulation from different modulators. Thus, modulators are capable of orchestrating and modulating different parameters of respiratory activity by differentially targeting different cellular targets. A disturbance in modulatory control may lead to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and erratic breathing.
Influence of thermal properties on friction performance of carbon composites

Three different needled felt C/C composites containing from 5 to 25% fiber oriented normal to the friction surface (z-fiber) were evaluated and tested for friction performance. A laboratory dynamometer was used to simulate cold taxi, hot taxi and normal landing braking events utilizing a single stator and rotor pair. Temperatures measured near the friction surface were lowest for highest thermal diffusivity material demonstrating the effectiveness of z-fiber content at reducing friction surface temperature. Low friction coefficient (∼0.12) under cold taxi conditions increased by a factor of two under hot taxi conditions due to water-desorption transitions. Composites with high diffusivity needed greater braking power to experience transition relative to lower diffusivity materials. Higher braking power was needed to produce a transition under higher humidity conditions. Highest z-fiber content discs showed the lowest wear rate which was attributed to higher in-plane shear strength. The wear rate was highest under hot taxi conditions and it was concluded that mechanisms other than oxidation loss were primarily responsible for the wear rate of the C/C composites tested in this study. The C/C composite surfaces had a polished appearance suggesting that the removal of nano-scale particles occurs from the friction process.
Protein kinase associated with peripheral nerve myelin. 1. Phosphorylation of endogenous myelin proteins and exogenous substrates

Abstract When highly purified myelin from rat sciatic nerve was incubated with [γ-32P]ATP, protein components of the membrane were phosphorylated indicating the presence of both the substrate (receptor protein) and an endogenous kinase in the membrane. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the phosphorylated membrane proteins followed by scintillation counting of gel slices and autoradiography showed that the polypeptides of molecular weights 28000, 23000 and 19000 were phosphorylated, and 32P from [γ-32P]ATP having been incorporated into serine residues of the substrate proteins. Phosphorylation of purified myelin was Mg2+-dependent, was optimal at pH 6.5 and was not stimulated by adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate. We found that proteins other than those in myelin, such as phosvitin, casein, protamine and histones, can also act as a substrate for the membrane associated kinase. Muscle protein kinase inhibitor had no effect on the endogenous phosphorylation of myelin proteins or on the phosphorylation of phosvitin by peripheral nerve myelin protein kinase. However, the phosphorylation of histone by peripheral nerve myelin protein kinase was inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor. After washing the membrane with 150 mM KCl the protein kinase that utilizes histone as substrate was found in the supernatant. In contrast, the endogenous phosphorylation of membrane proteins or the phosphorylation of phosvitin by the membrane associated kinase was not affected by washing. From these findings we conclude that at least two protein kinase systems exist in purified peripheral nerve myelin. One system is not inhibited by muscle kinase inhibitor, is tightly bound to the membrane and utilizes as its receptor proteins either exogenous phosvitin or endogenous membrane proteins. The second system is inhibited by muscle kinase inhibitor, is removable from the membrane and utilizes histones as its receptor proteins.
A rabbit model of intracerebral hematoma

The epiphenomena that seem to cause deterioration and death after spontaneous interacerebral hematoma (SICH) might best be studied in an animal model. Therefore, the principles for developing such a model and techniques to study these phenomena were evaluated. Animals will tolerate injection of 3%–5% of their brain volume with a high proportion of clots. Fluorescein can be used to study the blood-brain barrier, and gravimetry to study edema. Others have found that injection of a paraffin/oil mixture can be employed for a control model. Refinement of the fluorescein technique, development of a primate model, and directions for future research are suggested.
Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Viability: Current Techniques and Future Developments

Complete knowledge of myocardial structure, metabolism, and function is crucial to understanding the response of the heart to injury such as ischemia. Increasingly, this type of knowledge is required at multiple levels, from that of the isolated myocyte to the functioning organism, to provide basic scientists and clinical investigators a common framework for translation of findings and information feedback. This article focuses on the utilization of imaging methods to assess myocardial viability in vivo. It discusses the advantages and pitfalls of different imaging techniques, with particular emphasis on available data in humans and large animal models. Because of their novelty and potential for accurate phenotyping of human pathophysiology, magnetic resonance modalities will be highlighted.
A local radial basis function method for advection–diffusion–reaction equations on complexly shaped domains

Abstract Time-dependent advection–diffusion–reaction and diffusion–reaction equations are used as models in biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. As representative examples, we focus on a chemotaxis model and a Turing system from biology and apply a local radial basis function method to numerically approximate the solutions. The numerical method can efficiently approximate large scale problems in complexly shaped domains.
Calmodulin may mediate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-stimulated intestinal calcium transport.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) stimulated an increase in calmodulin content in chick duodenal brush border membranes in parallel with an increase in duodenal calcium transport in vivo and calcium uptake by brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in vitro. The increase in calcium uptake by BBMV was blocked by specific calmodulin antagonists. These results suggest that calmodulin mediates 1,25(OH)2D-stimulated calcium movement across the brush border membrane.
La memoria nostálgica en la narrativa contemporánea: La temporalidad del siglo XXI

(2004). La memoria nostalgica en la narrativa contemporanea: La temporalidad del siglo XXI. Romance Quarterly: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 111-124.
Ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical studies of developing sympathetic ganglia in the rabbit

The development of thoracic sympathetic ganglia was studied in rabbit fetuses at 14 to 30 days of gestation by light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy. Changes that occurred during the development of sympathetic neurons, supporting cells, and granule-containing cells are described and the following conclusions drawn. (1) Sympathetic neurons and granule-containing cells arise from a common “indifferent cell” precursor. (2) Monoamine fluorescence (a manifestation of the presence of catecholamines) appears early in the development of sympathetic neuroblasts. (3) The development of neuroblasts in a sympathetic ganglion is asynchronous; i.e., each neuroblast develops at its own rate, irrespective of the rate of development of its sister cells. (4) Granule-containing and catecholamine-storing cells develop rapidly and probably become potentially functional early in the life of the fetus, as inferred from the abundance of dense-core vesicles and intense monoamine fluorescence. (5) The derivation of supporting cells (“satellite” and Schwann cells) could not be determined. They had differentiated into an easily recognizable cell form in the youngest specimens studied, and appeared to be enveloping cell bodies (as satellite cells) or axons (as Schwann cells) in all specimens.
Surgeon-modified fenestrated endograft to treat ruptured juxtarenal aneurysm

Importance No endovascular devices are commercially available in the United States to treat high–surgical risk patients with aneurysms extending to visceral arteries. Treatment options are even further limited for symptomatic patients in need of urgent treatment. Objective To describe a successful urgent endovascular repair of a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with contained rupture. Design, Setting, and Participants A hybrid suite using a surgeon-modified fenestrated endovascular graft and advanced 3-dimensional imaging workstation. The patient was an 82-year-old veteran taking clopidogrel and aspirin for coronary stents with significant cardiopulmonary comorbidities including multiple prior abdominal surgeries and a single functional left kidney. Intervention Surgeon-modified fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic improvement. Results The patient was discharged 5 days after an uneventful postoperative course. On short-term follow-up, the patient had an early return to his baseline functional status. The excluded aneurysm sac shrank with patent visceral branches and there was an absence of endoleak on 3-month and 6-month surveillance computed tomography angiography. Conclusions and Relevance Surgeon-modified fenestrated stent grafts may be a viable option for selected high–surgical risk patients with symptomatic complex abdominal aortic aneurysms.
An architecture for WSI rapid prototyping

Wafer-scale integration architecture for rapid prototyping (WARP), a generalized architecture for rapid prototyping, is discussed. The primary goal of rapid prototyping is to map one of several members of a class of algorithms using a single-wafer architecture. The wafer can be personalized for the algorithm by either soft or hard-restructuring. The WARP wafer consists of an array of two types of cells specifically defined for this architecture: the universal multiply-subtract-add (UMSA) cell and the universal nonlinear (UNL) cell. Reconfiguration of the algorithms in the presence of defects, a harvesting probability model and yield, and wafer-scale testing and test facilities are described. >
A solid state Marx type modulator for driving a TWT

This paper describes a solid state Marx type modulator design delivering an 11 kilovolt, 2-4 /spl mu/sec pulse to the cathode of an X-band driver TWT. Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are used as on/off switches to operate the Marx circuit in the energy storage capacitor partial discharge mode. With the aid of a passive compensation circuit, a very flat TWT cathode driver pulse is obtained. The 2 /spl mu/sec, 11 kV pulse amplitude is flat to 0.06%.
Culture and Liberty in the Age of the American Revolution

In his new book, Michal Jan Rozbicki undertakes to bridge the gap between the political and the cultural histories of the American Revolution. Through a careful examination of liberty as both the ideological axis and the central metaphor of the age, he is able to offer a fresh model for interpreting the Revolution. By establishing systemic linkages between the histories of the free and the unfree, and between the factual and the symbolic, this framework points to a fundamental reassessment of the ways we think about the American Founding.Rozbicki moves beyond the two dominant interpretations of Revolutionary liberty one assuming the Founders invested it with a modern meaning that has in essence continued to the present day, the other highlighting its apparent betrayal by their commitment to inequality. Through a consistent focus on the interplay between culture and power, Rozbicki demonstrates that liberty existed as an intricate fusion of political practices and symbolic forms. His deeply historicized reconstruction of its contemporary meanings makes it clear that liberty was still understood as a set of privileges distributed according to social rank rather than a universal right. In fact, it was because the Founders considered this assumption self-evident that they felt confident in publicizing a highly liberal, symbolic narrative of equal liberty to represent the Revolutionary endeavor. The uncontainable success of this narrative went far beyond the circumstances that gave birth to it because it put new cultural capital a conceptual arsenal of rights and freedoms at the disposal of ordinary people as well as political factions competing for their support, providing priceless legitimacy to all those who would insist that its nominal inclusiveness include them in fact."
Study of the Feasibility of Airborne HF Direction-Finding Antenna Systems

High-frequency (2-24 mc) airborne direction-finding antennas are, in general, limited in accuracy, due to the undesired coupling between the antenna and the airframe which is electrically resonant in this frequency range. This paper describes the results of laboratory and flight test studies of antennas designed to eliminate such coupling and to achieve the necessary direction-finding accuracy. The radiation patterns of one particular antenna design?the wing H-Adcock?are discussed. It is concluded that hf airborne direction-finding is not feasible except in very restricted circumstances over narrow portions of the hf band.
The Association of the Evolution of Intraseasonal Oscillations to ENSO Phase

Abstract The Pacific Ocean intraseasonal Kelvin wave is a leading oceanic mode that links intraseasonal tropical atmospheric variations with interannual variations in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system. This study considers the premise that these waves may evolve differently with their associated weather patterns during different phases of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). If atmospheric and oceanic intraseasonal modes interact and evolve differently during various stages of ENSO, this result may provide useful information with regard to the role of these intraseasonal processes in ENSO evolution. This work utilizes signals of the oceanic Kelvin wave as a statistical basis for a simple composite averaging technique that is applied during different phases of ENSO to objectively analyze the evolution of oceanic and the associated portions of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations. Results confirm the above premise and suggest that coupling between Kelvin waves and atmospheric convection evolves differen...