cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic Demands Are Associated with Reduced Alcohol Consumption by College Students: Evidence from a Daily Analysis.

There is little empirical evidence linking academic demands or rigor to alcohol consumption by college students. In a 3-week daily study of fulltime college students at a public, residential campus in the United States, both current day and next day's academic demands were negatively related to alcohol consumption, and these relationships were mediated by daily academic effort. Academic demands on the previous day were not related to alcohol consumption, indicating that students do not engage in compensatory or celebratory drinking when demands end. The results suggest that enhancing academic expectations and rigor may be an appropriate intervention target to reduce student drinking.
New structural insight for antimony(III)-tartrate

Abstract Theoretical calculations (density functional theory and ab initio (MP2)) and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments reveal a new metal-oxygen-bridged isomeric form for antimony(III)- l -tartrate that co-exists in solution and in the gas phase with its crystallographically-determined structure.
A novel method for wetting and drying isotherms of materials by thermogravimetry

Abstract Moisture adsorption/desorption isotherms were constructed using a thermogravimetry-based technique. Isotherms were obtained by equilibrating samples at known relative humidities in salt chamber humidistats, and then measuring the moisture content using thermogravimetry. By pre-drying and pre-wetting the samples, both wetting and drying isotherms can be obtained.
Amino-terminal deletion of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor4-127 stimulates cell proliferation but lacks insulin-like activity.

UNLABELLED Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) Northern analysis demonstrated a novel 0.8-kb liver-specific HB-EGF transcript in addition to the endogenous 2.5-kb HB-EGF full-length transcript present in kidney, lung and liver tissues. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction screening of liver RNA suggests that the 0.8-kb HB-EGF transcript lacks at least a portion of the amino-terminal EGF-like domain. In light of these data, we have constructed a human HB-EGF cDNA (HB-EGF(DeltaN)) which lacks 373 bp, encoding the majority of the extracellular EGF-like domain, while maintaining the ectodomain 'shedding' site, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to characterize the ability of HB-EGF(DeltaN) to (i) stimulate cell proliferation and (ii) determine whether down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and -4 mRNA is regulated by soluble, mature HB-EGF or HB-EGF C. MATERIALS AND METHODS HB-EGF(DeltaN) encodes nucleotides +1-10 of exon 1 linked to nucleotides 383-627 of the carboxy-terminal portion of exon 3 through exon 5. RESULTS Expression of HB-EGF(DeltaN) in mouse fibroblasts (MLC) resulted in 6.5- and 8-kDa HB-EGF immunoreactive proteins, stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of p42 kDa and cell proliferation in MLC, but lacked the ability to bind EGF receptors. Finally, HB-EGF(DeltaN) failed to down-regulate IGFBP-3 and -4 mRNA when expressed in normal rat kidney cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that amino-terminally truncated, membrane-bound form of HB-EGF stimulates cell proliferation but lacks insulin-like signalling, suggesting that insulin-like signalling is mediated by soluble, mature HB-EGF binding to EGF receptors.
Increased adipose tissue lipolysis after a 2-week high-fat diet in sedentary overweight/obese men

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if a high-fat diet would result in a higher lipolytic rate in subcutaneous adipose tissue than a lower-fat diet in sedentary nonlean men. Six participants (healthy males; 18-40 years old; body mass index, 25-37 kg/m 2 ) underwent 2 weeks on a high-fat or well-balanced diet of similar energy content (approximately 6695 kJ) in randomized order with a 10-day washout period between diets. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was determined over the course of a day using microdialysis after both 2-week diet sessions. Average interstitial glycerol concentrations (index of lipolysis) as determined using microdialysis were higher after the high-fat diet (210.8 ± 27.9 μ mol/L) than after a well-balanced diet (175.6 ± 23.3 μ mol/L; P = .026). There was no difference in adipose tissue microvascular blood flow as determined using the microdialysis ethanol technique. These results demonstrate that healthy nonlean men who diet on the high-fat plan have a higher lipolytic rate in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue than when they diet on a well-balanced diet plan. This higher rate of lipolysis may result in a higher rate of fat mass loss on the high-fat diet; however, it remains to be determined if this higher lipolytic rate in men on the high-fat diet results in a more rapid net loss of triglyceride from the abdominal adipose depots, or if the higher lipolytic rate is counteracted by an increased rate of lipid storage.
Primary Care of the Renal Transplant Patient

There has been a remarkable rise in the number of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in the US over the last decade. Increasing use of potent immunosuppressants, which are also potentially diabetogenic and atherogenic, can result in worsening of pre-existing medical conditions as well as development of post-transplant disease. This, coupled with improving long-term survival, is putting tremendous pressure on transplant centers that were not designed to deliver primary care to KTR. Thus, increasing numbers of KTR will present to their primary care physicians (PCP) post-transplant for routine medical care. Similar to native chronic kidney disease patients, KTRs are vulnerable to cardiovascular disease as well as a host of other problems including bone disease, infections and malignancies. Deaths related to complications of cardiovascular disease and malignancies account for 60–65% of long-term mortality among KTRs. Guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation and the European Best Practice Guidelines Expert Group on the management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes and bone disease should be incorporated into the long-term care plan of the KTR to improve outcomes. A number of transplant centers do not supply PCPs with protocols and guidelines, making the task of the PCP more difficult. Despite this, PCPs are expected to continue to provide general preventive medicine, vaccinations and management of chronic medical problems. In this narrative review, we examine the common medical problems seen in KTR from the PCP’s perspective. Medical management issues related to immunosuppressive medications are also briefly discussed.
The DNA helical biopolymer: A template for the binding, assembly, and reactivity of metal ions and complexes

The helical DNA polymer provides many structural features that facilitate the binding of metal ions or complexes. DNA binding inorganic agents have proven invaluable, with demonstrated applications ranging from chemotherapeutic agents to probes of DNA structure. This broad range of applications attests to the utility of inorganic agents in the design of compounds which interact with the DNA helix and is due, in part, to the ability of inorganic species to define a particular ligand geometry complementary to the DNA structure, bind, or chemically react along the polymer strand. While a diverse array of novel inorganic compounds that interact with DNA have already been studied, many opportunities still exist to exploit inorganic agents in the design of new molecules that will interact uniquely with the DNA polymer. This review examines the structure of the DNA polymer, emphasizing aspects which promote the binding of inorganic agents. Along with a structural overview, the binding modes available to an inorganic element or complex are reviewed, in combination with a discussion of the ability of the DNA to act as a template for the organized binding of inorganic agents. In addition, chemical alteration of the DNA polymer structure by inorganic agents is discussed, along with the potential utility of such modifications.
GLUT1 and GLUT8 in endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma

Glucose is provided to cells by a family of glucose transport facilitators known as GLUTs. These transporters are expressed in a tissue specific manner and are overexpressed in many primary tumors of these tissues. Regulation of glucose transport facilitator expression has been demonstrated in endometrial tissue and endometrial adenocarcinoma. The following experiments were conducted to quantify and localize the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT8 in benign endometrium and compare this expression to endometrial cancer. Endometrial tissue samples were obtained from random hysterectomy specimens of patients with benign indications for surgery and endometrial cancer. Immunoblot and immunolocatization studies were performed using GLUT1 and GLUT8 specific antisera. Endometrial samples from 65 women who had undergone hysterectomy were examined (n=38 benign, n=27 malignant). A 44 and a 35.4 kDa immunoreacive species was demonstrated in endometrium and endometrial cancer for GLUT1 and GLUT8, respectively. Upregulation of GLUT1 expression was demonstrated with increasing grade of tumors (P<0.002). GLUT8 expression was increased in all tumor subtypes compared to atrophic endometrium (P<0.001). Apical localization by GLUT1 and GLUT8 was demonstrated in endometrial glands. GLUT1 and GLUT8 demonstrated diffuse intracellular localization in the cancer subtypes. GLUT1 and GLUT8 are expressed in both human endometrium and endometrial cancer. There appears to be a step-wise progression in GLUT1 and GLUT8 expression as tumor histopathology worsens. GLUT1 and GLUT8 may be important markers in tumor differentiation, as well as providing energy to rapidly dividing tumor cells.
The Genome-Wide Localization of Rsc9, a Component of the RSC Chromatin-Remodeling Complex, Changes in Response to Stress

The cellular response to environmental changes includes widespread modifications in gene expression. Here we report the identification and characterization of Rsc9, a member of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex in yeast. The genome-wide localization of Rsc9 indicated a relationship between genes targeted by Rsc9 and genes regulated by stress; treatment with hydrogen peroxide or rapamycin, which inhibits TOR signaling, resulted in genome-wide changes in Rsc9 occupancy. We further show that Rsc9 is involved in both repression and activation of mRNAs regulated by TOR as well as the synthesis of rRNA. Our results illustrate the response of a chromatin-remodeling factor to signaling cascades and suggest that changes in the activity of chromatin-remodeling factors are reflected in changes in their localization in the genome.
Partitioning, desorption, and dechlorination of a PCB congener in sediment slurry supernatants.

Partitioning and desorption played specific roles in the dechlorination of 2-chlorobiphenyl (2-ClBP) in sediment slurry supernatants, which are suspensions of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In short-term experiments, the partition coefficient (Kp) was related to the apparent dechlorination rate constant. The Kp value (160 L gDOC-1), which is independent of the DOM concentration, was determined based on the decrease of the apparent rate constant with the increase of the DOM concentration. In the long-term experiments, the overall rate of dechlorination can be described with a two-compartment model. The time constant for the sediment compartment was related to Kp and the desorption rate constant (kd). The kd value (0.21 h-1) was determined based on the decrease of the time constant values with an increasing DOM concentration. The use of DOM suspensions allowed a short time for equilibrium. Separation of the aqueous and DOM phases was not needed due to the dechlorination of 2-ClBP. The fundamental relations...
Magnetically Labeled Secretin Retains Receptor Affinity to Pancreas Acinar Cells

Previously, we have developed a colloidal dextran-stabilized monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompound (MION-46) as a magnetic label for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In an effort to use this magnetic label to visualize pancreatic receptor function by MRI in vivo, we investigated the potential of secretin as a vector molecule. Secretin receptors, abundant on exocrine pancreas cells, recognize secretin through its amidated carboxyl terminal. In order to conjugate secretin to MION, we utilized the specific interaction between biotin and streptavidin, since direct conjugation of human secretin to MION has previously resulted in low yields and low affinity of the conjugate (unpublished results). Initially, we biotinylated the N-terminal primary amino group of secretin (60% yield). In a separate step, streptavidin (SA) was immobilized onto the surface dextran molecules of MION (79% yield) by reductive amination. Each secretin molecule was conjugated to one biotin molecule and each MION particle to an average of two SA molecules. The biotinylated secretin was then conjugated to MION through the biotin-streptavidin interaction (90% yield). The secretin-biotin-streptavidin-MION construct thus contained approximately two secretin molecules per MION. An in vitro competitive binding assay of pancreatic acinar cells demonstrated that the magnetically labeled secretin retained affinity to the secretin receptors. In vivo distribution studies in rats showed a significantly higher pancreatic accumulation of the secretin-biotin-streptavidin-MION construct as compared to the control group that had received unmodified MION. Our data indicate that bioactive peptides can be attached to dextran-coated iron oxide particles through the biotin-streptavidin interaction while retaining receptor affinity. Such target-specific agents have potential use in MR imaging to probe for a variety of receptor systems.
Density of states of degenerate Fermi systems with periodic level schemes

Abstract An accurate and transparent asymptotic formula has been derived for the density of states of a degenerate Fermi system with an arbitrary periodic independent-particle energy level scheme. The work generalizes, unifies and simplifies earlier treatments of related problems.
“The Syndrome of the Boiled Frog:” Exploring International Students on US Campuses as Co-Cultural Group Members

Through the lens of co-cultural theory, this study explored how international students’ positionality as cultural outsiders affects their communicative practices. Sixty-two narratives composed by international students representing 30 countries were qualitatively analyzed following McCracken's (1988) guidelines. Five themes revealed international students’ co-cultural standing: (1) assimilating into dreamland, (2) preparations, expectations, and misperceptions, (3) marked outside the norm as generalized other, (4) salient factors inherent in negotiating co-cultural selves, (5) educating self and others in and beyond the classroom. The study extends existing scholarship on international students by demonstrating the impact of the negotiation of the dominant systems on self-identity alteration. It also highlights co-cultural communicative practices that international students find effective in overcoming challenges related to their status as outsiders.
The Ideology of Academic Scientists

The moral values associated with scientific research were studied by means of interviews with 57 academic researchers of faculty status. The areas examined were freedom in research, impartiality, suspension of judgment until sufficient evidence is at hand, absence of bias, diffusion of information, and group loyalty. Two dimensions of creativity were measured in the respondents: rate of publication and strength of motivation toward research as judged by peers. Neither of these measures was significantly related to acceptance of the classical position in any of the six areas of value. It is concluded that the classical morality of science is not associated to any important degree with productive research.
A CYBERNETIC MODEL OF STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

In recent years, evidence has accumulated that there are four distinct states of consciousness under normal conditions; in addition to the three commonly experienced states of wakefulness, sleep, and dreaming, there is a fourth state achieved by various Eastern meditation techniques. A model of man is discussed that could account for these states. This model, inspired by the concepts of cybernetics, holds that man's behavior and experience can be accounted for by feedback‐control processes and that these processes are hierarchically organized. This paper first attempts to demonstrate that the existence of four distinct states of consciousness is consistent with a general cybernetic view of man. Then, a specific information‐flow model of the mind, developed by Powers, is introduced and it is shown that with some revision this model well accounts for the four states.
Predicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations based on concurrent influenza activity

Although influenza has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, it is not clear the extent to which this association affects healthcare use in the United States. The first goal of this project was to determine to what extent the incidence of COPD hospitalizations is associated with seasonal influenza. Second, as a natural experiment, we used influenza activity to help predict COPD admissions during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. To do this, we identified all hospitalizations between 1998 and 2010 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) during which a primary diagnosis of COPD was recorded. Separately, we identified all hospitalizations during which a diagnosis of influenza was recorded. We formulated time series regression models to investigate the association of monthly COPD admissions with influenza incidence. Finally, we applied these models, fit using 1998-2008 data, to forecast monthly COPD admissions during the 2009 pandemic. Based on time series regression models, a strong, significant association exists between concurrent influenza activity and incidence of COPD hospitalizations (p-value < 0.0001). The association is especially strong among older patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Use of influenza data to predict COPD admissions during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic reduced the mean-squared prediction error by 29.9%. We conclude that influenza activity is significantly associated with COPD hospitalizations in the United States and influenza activity can be exploited to more accurately forecast COPD admissions. Our results suggest that improvements in influenza surveillance, prevention, and treatment may decrease hospitalizations of patients diagnosed with COPD.
Simultaneous mode-locked operation of a fiber laser at two wavelengths

We demonstrate simultaneous stabilized operation of a mode locked ring fiber laser at two wavelengths. At one of the wavelengths the mode locked operation is at 10 GHz and it is at 40 GHz at the second wavelength. The laser has an intracavity LiNbO 3 modulator driven at 10 GHz. The 40 GHz pulses are obtained by rational harmonic mode locking. Pulses with widths in 5 to 8 ps range are obtained.
Custom-made cover screws to fit fixed detachable implant prosthesis access openings.

Abstract Numerous materials have been used for closure of access openings in implant-supported fixed detachable prostheses. This article describes an alternate approach to access closure by use of cast screws. Preparation of the prosthesis and fabrication of the access closure screw is described in detail. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;78:209-11.)
A note on human computation limits

In 2007, Penguin Books and De Montfort University used a wiki to crowd source a novel. The result was deemed a failure because of the many un-integrated elements; however, in the last year a model utilizing Twitter has achieved success: BBC Audiobooks America has produced two audio books from an iterative progression, singular integration model. With an initial seed Twitter message, a real-time editor chooses the progression from submitted messages---achieving contextual integration---and continues the iterative process until the editor chooses to conclude. The model achieves success by controlling variability and progression, demonstrating that human computation can achieve limited success in un-collaborative literary domains.
Application of Weakest Link Probabilistic Framework for Fatigue Notch Factor to Aero Engine Materials

This paper is concerned with the extension of a recently developed probabilistic framework based on Weibull’s weakest link and extreme-value statistics to aero-engine materials like titanium alloy and nickel-base super alloys using simulation strategies that capture both the essence of notch root stress gradient and the complexity of realistic microstructures. In this paper, notch size effects and notch root inelastic behavior are combined with probability distributions of microscale stress-strain gradient and small crack initiation to inform minimum life design methods. A new approach which can be applied using crystal plasticity finite element or closed-form solution is also proposed as a more robust approach for determining fatigue notch factor than the existing classical methods. The fatigue notch factors predicted using the new framework are in good agreements with experimental results obtained from literature for notched titanium alloy specimens subjected to uniaxial cyclic loads with various stress ratio.
Children of Divorce and their Nonresidential Parent's Family: Examining Perceptions of Communication Accommodation

Communicating and negotiating boundaries can be a challenge to family members who have experienced a divorce and remarriage. In particular, children and their nonresidential parent's family may potentially manage challenges in their communication as the child transitions into stepfamily life. Centered in the interpretive paradigm and Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), the researcher interviewed 27 children of divorce about their transition into stepfamily life to address how, if at all, they accommodated their communication with the nonresidential parent's family as well as their perceptions of their family's accommodation. The findings highlight the complexity of managing familial roles in the face of change. Implications and directions for future research are also addressed.
Specific ion effects and the phase diagram of lysozyme

Abstract The phase diagram for lysozyme is calculated for the precipitant salt NaCl using a potential of mean force that takes into account contributions from ion-dispersion forces (J. Phys. Chem. B 110 24757). In contrast to the perturbation theory calculation, we find that the lysozyme phase diagram with NaCl has a metastable fluid-fluid coexistence curve. We also compare our predicted phase diagram with experimental results in the case of NaCl. Our results suggest that a refined version of the current model is necessary to account quantitatively for the experimental phase diagram of lysozyme.
EDUCATIONAL TESTING AND TEST‐FORM FACTORS

Evidence is here brought together suggesting that educational and other psychological tests are appreciably dependent not only on the abilities that they are supposed to measure, but on the form and material of the tests and their items, sets and attitudes in the testees, and various conditions of testing. The factors that emerge when tests are inter-correlated represent to some extent these formal characteristics rather than desired intellectual functions. In particular this applies to current educational tests which, for sound educational reasons, avoid simpler, more factual, items and prefer complex comprehension-type or problem items. Part II shows that, while tests of the same objectives employing different forms tend to give discrepant results (e.g., essay and new-type), tests in the same form which are aimed at different school subjects or different intellectual functions inter-correlate very highly. This detracts from their validity, especially in counseling or differentiating abilities along different lines. For many purposes the simpler tests show superior validity, and it is doubtful how far the more complex ones do bring in the ‘higher’ intellectual functions at which they are aimed. Part III argues that, in like manner, most of the cognitive factors established by psychologists show little relevance to educational or other external criteria, possibly because they represent factors within paper-and-pencil tests rather than genuine factors of intellect. Part IV. A first essential is to map out more precisely the extent and nature of form influences, so that, in so far as they prove to be important, account can be taken of them in test construction. A number of types of predictive measures are discussed which might add more to the validity of educational selection, particularly at college level, than do complex forms of reading tests. These include: better use of essay examinations and school grades, listening comprehension tests, speed and error scores, indices of study habits, tests based on learning situations, and tests of rational thinking, flexibility and creativity. When tests are used primarily for evaluation rather than prediction, investigations should be guided by the conception of intrinsic or construct validity, which – unlike logical or face validity – involves the collection of empirical evidence. Some of the more promising approaches to such problems are through factorial studies of educational tests along with tests of psychological factors and ‘real-life’ criteria, and experimental studies of group differences and of the gains brought about by different types of teaching.
Discussion: Aggregate Demand Shifts, Labor Transfers, and Income Distribution

tion rate to our large cities must increase or employment in smaller urban centers in rural areas must be expanded. The problems of our major cities hardly recommend the former on either social or economic grounds. All those capable of acquiring them must be given the basic education and skills that will enable them to benefit from potentially greater productivity in nonfarm employment. And, finally, racial discrimination must be removed from the nonfarm labor markets before the movement of Negroes out of agriculture promises to reduce income inequity between the races. Hopefully, if these changes could be brought about, the actual effects of labor mobility would conform to the beliefs we have cherished so long.
Investigation of the adsorbent behavior of the isomeric phthalic acids and a pair of their potassium salts by gas solid chromatography

Abstract Gas—solid chromatography was used to stud differences in behavior of representative organic adsorbates on the isomeric o -, m -, and p -phthalic acids plus the anhydride, mono-, and di-potassium salts of the ortho acid. Plots of logarithm of the capacity ratio vs . boiling point were distinctly different for each adsorbent. Correctiou of capacity ratios for differences in surface area (nitrogen adsorption) was shown to be inadequate for this type of adsorbent. Even so, the differences were sometimes so great that they could be considered significant. Heats of adsorption and relative changes in entropy are reported.
Studies on Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage φ15

Abstract The growth characteristics and physicochemical properties of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage φ15 have been investigated and compared with φ29. Differences in growth characteristics of these phages were found in various stages of spore germination and outgrowth which may account for the absence of plaque formation by φ15 on wild-type cells. Both φ15 and φ29 genomes were incorporated into spores when cells were infected at a certain critical time during host cell development. φ15 is morphologically indistinguishable from φ29. The DNA of φ15 is a linear duplex molecule having a mean length of 6.1 μm. The S value of this DNA is 23 ± 0.4 S. These values correspond to a molecular weight of approximately 12 × 106 daltons. At least seven structural proteins of φ15 were recognized in SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sum of the molecular weights of φ15 proteins is approximately 354,000 daltons. This corresponds to about 59% of the coding capacity of double-stranded DNA of φ15. φ15 DNA was found to hybridize with φ29 DNA.
GAMMA -CONOTOXIN-PNVIIA, A GAMMA -CARBOXYGLUTAMATE-CONTAINING PEPTIDE AGONIST OF NEURONAL PACEMAKER CATION CURRENTS

A novel γ-carboxyglutamate-containing peptide, designated γ-conotoxin- PnVIIA, is described from the venom of the molluscivorous snail Conus pennaceus. γPnVIIA triggers depolarization and firing of action potential bursts in the caudodorsal neurons of Lymnaea. This effect is due to activation or enhancement of a slow inward cation current that may underly endogenous bursting activity of these neurons. The amino acid sequence of γPnVIIA was determined as DCTSWFGRCTVNSγCCSNSCDQTYCγ-LYAFOS (where γ is γ-carboxyglutamate, O is trans-4-hydroxyproline), thus γPnVIIA belongs to the six cysteine four loop structural family of conotoxins, and is most homologous to the previously described excitatory conotoxin-TxVIIA. Interestingly, TxVIIA did not induce action potentials in Lymnaea caudodorsal neurons. γPnVIIA is the prototype of a new class of γ-conotoxins that will provide tools for the study of voltage-gated pacemaker channels, which underly bursting processes in excitable systems.
School-Based Mutual Support Groups for Low-Income Parents

School-based mutual support groups (MSGs) are proposed to enhance the school involvement of parents from lower socioeconomic and ethnic minority backgrounds. We present a school-based MSG format, findings from a survey regarding parent interest, and discussion of a pilot demonstration implemented in three urban elementary schools.
A Mössbauer effect investigation of the crystalline electric field in thulium metal

Abstract The crystalline electric field parameters and the total splitting of the 3 H 6 ground term in thulium metal have been determined above the Neel temperature by a Mossbauer effect investigation of the temperature dependence of the nuclear quadrupole splitting of the 8.42 keV gamma-transition of 169 Tm.
A Genetically-Based Latitudinal Cline in the Emission of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatile Organic Compounds

The existence of predictable latitudinal variation in plant defense against herbivores remains controversial. A prevailing view holds that higher levels of plant defense evolve at low latitudes compared to high latitudes as an adaptive plant response to higher herbivore pressure on low-latitude plants. To date, this prediction has not been examined with respect to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that many plants emit, often thus attracting the natural enemies of herbivores. Here, we compared genetically-based constitutive and herbivore-induced aboveground vegetative VOC emissions from plants originating across a gradient of more than 10° of latitude (>1,500 km). We collected headspace VOCs from Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) originating from 20 populations across its natural range and grown in a common garden near the range center. Feeding by specialist Danaus plexippus (monarch) larvae induced VOCs, and field environmental conditions (temperature, light, and humidity) also influenced emissions. Monarch damage increased plant VOC concentrations and altered VOC blends. We found that genetically-based induced VOC emissions varied with the latitude of plant population origin, although the pattern followed the reverse of that predicted—induced VOC concentration increased with increasing latitude. This pattern appeared to be driven by a greater induction of sesquiterpenoids at higher latitudes. In contrast, constitutive VOC emission did not vary systematically with latitude, and the induction of green leafy volatiles declined with latitude. Our results do not support the prevailing view that plant defense is greater at lower than at higher latitudes. That the pattern holds only for herbivore-induced VOC emission, and not constitutive emission, suggests that latitudinal variation in VOCs is not a simple adaptive response to climatic factors.
Greenhouse Study on the Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver Grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides L., in Arsenic-Contaminated Soils

The purpose of this greenhouse study was to assess the capacity of vetiver grass to accumulate arsenic from pesticide-contaminated soils of varying physico-chemical properties. Results indicate that vetiver is capable of tolerating moderate levels of arsenic up to 225 mg/kg. Plant growth and arsenic removal efficiency was strongly influenced by soil properties. Arsenic removal was highest (10.6%) in Millhopper soil contaminated with 45 mg/kg arsenic, which decreased to 4.5 and 0.6% at 225 and 450 mg/kg, respectively. High biomass, widespread root system and environmental tolerance make this plant an attractive choice for the remediation of soils contaminated with moderate levels of arsenic.
Rapid turnover of intra-host genetic diversity in Zucchini yellow mosaic virus.

Genetic diversity in RNA viruses is shaped by a variety of evolutionary processes, including the bottlenecks that may occur at inter-host transmission. However, how these processes structure genetic variation at the scale of individual hosts is only partly understood. We obtained intra-host sequence data for the coat protein (CP) gene of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) from two horizontally transmitted populations – one via aphid, the other without – and with multiple samples from individual plants. We show that although mutations are generated relatively frequently within infected plants, attaining similar levels of genetic diversity to that seen in some animal RNA viruses (mean intra-sample diversity of 0.02%), most mutations are likely to be transient, deleterious, and purged rapidly. We also observed more population structure in the aphid transmitted viral population, including the same mutations in multiple clones, the presence of a sub-lineage, and evidence for the short-term complementation of defective genomes.
Viscoelastic substances in ophthalmology.

The desirable properties of a viscoelastic substance for ophthalmologic applications are intimately tied to its chemical and rheologic properties. This report describes the relevant rheologic properties (e.g., viscosity, viscoelasticity, pseudoplasticity, cohesiveness, and coatability) of the available viscoelastic substances and presents the general principles of their use as well as some specific technical aspects. In addition, the various uses of viscoelastic substances in ophthalmic surgery are outlined. There is no single ideal substance for all circumstances. With a knowledge of the rheologic properties of each substance, the ophthalmologist will be able to choose among the different ones as necessary to suit each clinical situation.
Total Syntheses of (−)-Macrolactin A, (+)-Macrolactin E, and (−)-Macrolactinic Acid: An Exercise in Stille Cross-Coupling Chemistry

The total syntheses of the potent antiviral agent (−)-macrolactin A (1) and two related family members, (+)-macrolactin E (5) and (−)-macrolactinic acid (7), have been achieved, exploiting a unified, convergent, and highly stereocontrolled strategy. Extensive use of the palladium-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling reaction for the stereospecific construction of the three isolated dienes including macrocyclization formed the cornerstone of the successful strategy. The total syntheses of these natural products, no longer available via fermentation, confirm their relative and absolute stereochemistries and provide access to possible analogues for further biological study.
Preparation of B-ZSM-5 membranes on a monolith support

Abstract A B-ZSM-5 zeolite membrane was synthesized on a monolith support containing 60 channels ( 2 mm ×2 mm). The membrane showed a n-C4H10/i-C4H10 ideal selectivity at 373 K of 79 and a separation selectivity of 30.
Damage zone evolution of PVC/MBS blends

The development of the stress-whitened damage zone in poly(vinyl chloride) and its blends with methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) core/shell rubber was investigated as a function of rubber content and temperature in a triaxial stress state obtained by slow tensile loading of specimens with a semicircular notch. The onset of stress-whitening was characterized by a critical mean stress and a critical volume strain. Both of these criticality parameters were affected by temperature, where the blends exhibited a weaker temperature dependence in critical volume strain independent of the rubber content.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Tear Progression and the Influence of Parascapular Muscle Loading

Rotator cuff tears (RCT) commonly start at the anterior insertion of the supraspinatus and have been shown to propagate posteriorly. Early detection and repair of small or medium size tears has been shown to result in better clinical outcome and structural integrity than that of large or massive tears. However, it is unknown at which stage of rotator cuff tear propagation the biomechanical environment becomes altered. Previous biomechanical studies have not considered rotator cuff propagation based on the footprint anatomy, rotational glenohumeral joint kinematics, and the influence of anatomy-based muscle loading including pectoralis major and latissmus dorsi. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between progressive rotator cuff tear and glenohumeral joint biomechanics using a rotator cuff tear progression model and anatomically based muscle loading including the influence of the pectoralis major and latissmus dorsi. Our hypotheses were 1) cuff tear progression will lead to abnormal glenohumeral joint biomechanics, specifically in kinematics (rotational range of motion and the path of humeral head apex) and abduction capability and 2) the pectoralis major and latissmus dorsi muscles will act as a stabilizer of the humeral head in large or massive tear.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Current trends in UK leisure: new views of countryside recreation

The early 1990s have brought with them important developments affecting countryside recreation. There are signs of changes in consumers' needs and expectations, as well as a new framework in terms of planning and agricultural policies. Farmers, landowners and commercial leisure operators are increasingly looking for opportunities to create new leisure facilities in the countryside. In this paper, we look at various aspects of these changes, and we consider the factors that are contributing to change, and some of the implications for future policy and action. Our discussion deals with the following specific topics: •the background to current changes — key features of countryside recreation in the 1970s and 1980s; •new consumer priorities regarding leisure in the countryside; •changes in the planning framework and in agricultural policies; •some examples of new approaches to countryside recreation, notably the development of the community forests; •the problems and opportunities that are emerging from the n...
New-onset seizures associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: causation and clinical features in 100 cases

Purpose We attempt to define the significance and most common causes of new-onset seizures in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In addition, we review the seizure type, neurologic examination, and other clinical features to better address diagnostic and management issues in these patients. Patients and Methods We reviewed 100 cases of new-onset seizures in HIV-infected patients who underwent complete evaluations at the University of California, San Francisco, hospitals. Results Seizures were the presenting symptom of HIV-related illness in 18 patients, six of whom developed no other HIV-related illness until at least four months after the first seizure. Common causes in the 100 patients included mass lesions, HIV encephalopathy, and meningitis. No cause for the seizures was found in 23 patients despite a complete evaluation. An underlying cause was found in all patients with focal neurologic deficits but in only two of 24 who had normal results on an interictal neurologic examination. Focal ictal features were not predictive of cause. A cause was found in all 12 patients with status epilepticus or medically refractory seizures. A total of 12 of the 87 (14%) patients who received phenytoin developed a hypersensitivity reaction. Despite the brevity of follow-up in some patients, many patients, including those with no definable cause, had multiple seizures prior to the administration of anticonvulsants. Conclusions The direct effects of HIV on the brain may be the single most common cause of seizures in this population. We favor treatment of a single seizure in patients with HTV infection.
Spirituality and Religiosity: Factors Affecting Wellness Among Low-Income, Rural Women

A study including measures of spirituality, religiosity, and wellness was conducted to identify coping strategies for the multiple challenges to wellness faced by low-income, rural women. Total spirituality and religiosity accounted for 39% of the variance in wellness, with purpose and meaning in life, unifying interconnectedness, and private religious practices composing the main contributions. Implications for counselors working with these women are discussed, as is the need for further research.
Broad Band X-Ray Astronomical Spectroscopy

The Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) experiment has been designed for high sensitivity, moderate resolution spectrophotorietry of cosmic sources in the range 0.5 to 12 keV. Principal elements are two co-aligned imaging telescopes with cooled Si(Li) detectors at each focus. The mirror design uses an approximate geometry of tightly nested, conical, foil reflectors that allow a large filling factor (high throughput) at small grazing angles (high energy response). Each detector consists of a cluster of 5 elements defined with grooves on a single crystal. This arrangement affords some spatial resolution as well as a means of substantial background reduction. Shuttle borne measurements will typically be of 2000 s duration for sources with a flux of 10-12 ergs/cm2-s.
Favoritism in asymmetric procurement auctions

Abstract I examine the costs and benefits of granting a right of first refusal (ROFR) to one bidder in a first-price procurement auction with two bidders. This right permits the favored bidder to win a contract by matching the bid of the competing bidder and is often observed in procurement auctions. I show that the auctioneer prefers to grant the ROFR to the ex-ante weak bidder and that granting this right can increase the auctioneer's expected payoff. The results continue to hold even when the auctioneer can set an optimal reserve price. Both the reserve price and the right of first refusal serve to elicit more aggressive bids and hence, to a certain degree, are substitute tools.
Food sovereignty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints

Although the concept of food sovereignty is rooted in International Peasant Movements across the global south, activists have recently called for the adoption of this framework among low-income communities of color in the urban United States. This paper investigates on-the-ground processes through which food sovereignty articulates with the work of food justice and community food security activists in Oakland, California, and Seattle, Washington. In Oakland, we analyze a farmers market that seeks to connect black farmers to low-income consumers. In Seattle, we attend to the experiences of displaced immigrant farmers from Latin America and their efforts to address their food needs following migration. In both cases, we find that US based projects were constrained by broader forces of neoliberalism that remained unrecognized by local activists. In Oakland, despite a desire to create a local food system led by marginalized African Americans, emphasis on providing green jobs in agriculture led activists to take a market-based approach that kept local food out of the economic grasp of food-insecure neighborhood residents. In Seattle, the marginalization of the immense agroecological knowledge of Latino/an immigrant farmers rendered local food projects less inclusive and capable of transformative change. Taken together, these very different cases suggest that a shift towards food sovereignty necessitates a broad acknowledgement of and resistance to neoliberalism.
Perspectives on the Struggle Against Indoctrination

(1984). Perspectives on the Struggle Against Indoctrination. The Educational Forum: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 136-154.
Telephone subsidy: an effective incentive for successful participation in home memory monitor study.

Context: The Collaborative Home Infant Monitoring Evaluation (CHIME) study enrolled healthy term infants and 3 groups of infants considered to be at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome to evaluate apnea and bradycardia events in the home. Mother-infant pairs without a telephone were ineligible for enrollment. Objective: To determine whether mother-infant pairs who were offered a telephone subsidy would agree to enroll in CHIME and achieve protocol compliance rates comparable with those of matched subjects able to afford telephones. Design: Thirty-one telephone subsidy subjects were retrospectively compared with 55 control subjects matched for study group, site, birth weight, and maternal race, age, and education. Setting: Collaborative Home Infant Monitoring Evaluation clinical research centers in Honolulu, Hawaii, and Toledo, Ohio. Intervention: Provision of telephone subsidy to otherwise eligible enrollees for CHIME. Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of compliance with protocol requirements for follow-up evaluations and for extent of home monitoring. Results: Subsidy subjects achieved protocol completion rates that were comparable with those of control subjects, for developmental assessments at 56 and 92 weeks postconceptional age (PCA), and for the polysomnogram. Unexpectedly, however, subsidy subjects were more likely to have a developmental assessment at 44 weeks PCA (P=.02), as well as a cry analysis (P=.04). They were also more likely to use the CHIME home monitor for more hours during weeks 2 through 5 (P=.004), have a higher percentage using the monitor for 10 or more hours per week during weeks 2 through 5 (P=.009), and have a higher total number of days of monitor use throughout 6 months (P <.001). Mean cost of the subsidy was $3.25 per day of monitor use, and monitor use per day was directly related to total cost of the subsidy (P=.02). Conclusions: Telephone subsidy is an effective financial incentive. At least within the context of the CHIME study, telephone subsidy enhanced access to health care, and in some categories it resulted in enhanced protocol compliance.