cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infectious Bronchitis Virus S2 Expressed from Recombinant Virus Confers Broad Protection Against Challenge

SUMMARY We developed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota (rLS) expressing the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S2 gene (rLS/IBV.S2). The recombinant virus showed somewhat-reduced pathogenicity compared to the parental lentogenic LaSota strain but effectively elicited hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against NDV and protected chickens against lethal challenge with virulent NDV/CA02. IBV heterotypic protection was assessed using a prime-boost approach with a commercially available attenuated IBV Massachusetts (Mass)-type vaccine. Specific-pathogen-free chickens primed ocularly with rLS/IBV.S2 at 4 days of age and boosted with Mass at 18 days of age were completely protected against challenge at 41 days of age with a virulent Ark-type strain. In a second experiment, we compared protection conferred by priming with rLS/IBV.S2 and boosting with Mass (rLS/IBV.S2+Mass) versus priming and boosting with Mass (Mass+Mass). We also modified the timing of vaccination to prime at 1 day of age and ...
13C-n.m.r. spectral study of 13C reductively methylated glycopeptides derived from glycophorin A

Abstract 13C-n.m.r. spectral data for 13C reductively methylated intact homozygous and heterozygous glycophorins A were compared with the 13C-n.m.r. spectral data for the 13C reductively methylated homozygous and heterozygous N-terminal glycopeptides derived from the trypsin digest of glycophorin A. The results indicate that pronounced aggregation of this glycoprotein in solution does not affect the structural differences that we have previously observed for glycophorins AM and AN at and/or near the N-terminal amino acid. Moreover, the data suggest that two structural states exist for glycophorin AM.
Isothermal titration microcalorimetric studies for the binding of octenoyl-CoA to medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

We investigated the binding of octenoyl-CoA to pig kidney medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) by isothermal titration microcalorimetry under a variety of experimental conditions. At 25 degrees C in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.6 (ionic strength of 175 mM), the binding is characterized by the stoichiometry (n) of 0.89 mole of octenoyl-CoA/(mole of MCAD subunit), delta G = -8.75 kcal/mol, delta H = -10.3 kcal/mol, and delta S = -5.3 cal mol(-1) K(-1), suggesting that formation of MCAD-octenoyl-CoA is enthalpically driven. By employing buffers with various ionization enthalpies, we discerned that formation of the MCAD-octenoyl-CoA complex, at pH 7.6, accompanies abstraction (consumption) of 0.52 +/- 0.15 proton/(MCAD subunit) from the buffer media. We studied the effects of pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the thermodynamics of MCAD-octenoyl-CoA interaction. Whereas the ionic strength does not significantly influence the above interaction, the pH of the buffer media exhibits a pronounced effect. The pH dependence of the association constant of MCAD +octenoyl-CoA MCAD-octenoyl-CoA yields a pKa for the free enzyme of 6.2. Among thermodynamic parameters, whereas delta G remains invariant as a function of temperature, delta H and deltaS(standard) both decrease with an increase in temperature. At temperatures of < 25 degrees C, delta G is dominated by favorable entropic contributions. As the temperature increases, the entropic contributions progressively decrease, attain a value of zero at 23.8 degrees C, and then becomes unfavorable. During this transition, the enthalpic contributions become progressively favorable, resulting in an enthalpy-entropy compensation. The temperature dependence of delta H yields the heat capacity change (delta Cp(0)) of -0.37 +/- 0.05 kcal mol(-1) K(-1), attesting to the fact that the binding of octenoyl-CoA to MCAD is primarily dominated by the hydrophobic forces. The thermodynamic data presented herein are rationalized in light of structural-functional relationships in MCAD catalysis.
Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a patient presenting with sequential episodes of optic neuritis

A 41-year-old man presented with left optic neuritis (ON) without evidence of other autoimmune disease or hormonal imbalance. MRI showed enlargement of the left optic nerve but no sellar lesion. The patient recovered after steroid therapy but later developed right ON and required treatment again. Follow-up MRI revealed an ill-defined, enlarging sellar lesion with enhancement extending into the right cavernous sinus, and the patient developed symptoms of fatigue and loss of libido. Hormonal studies revealed hypogonadism and hypocortisolism. All laboratory investigation for autoimmune and infectious diseases remained negative. A transsphenoidal biopsy of the lesion revealed lymphocytic hypophysitis. The concomitant development of lymphocytic hypophysitis and optic neuritis suggests a common and likely autoimmune etiology. Visual loss in patients with LYH can sometimes be due to ON rather than compression of the optic apparatus, with significant implications for treatment strategies.
Atomic emission detection of non-metals in vapors injected into helium hollow cathode discharge

In this note, we report the direct injection of organic solution (vapor) into a running HCD for the atomic emission detection of Cl, Br, F, I and S. We plan to use this system for GC detection
Chemistry of crystalline aluminosilicates: VII. Thermal decomposition products of ammonium zeolite Y☆

Abstract Two distinct products can be obtained on the thermal decomposition of ammonium zeolite Y at 760 torr and 500 °. The geometry of the zeolite bed during calcination determines the nature of the product. Where the geometry permits rapid removal of ammonia from the bed, the expected hydrogen zeolite is obtained. Bed geometries that impede removal of ammonia from the bed yield an ultrastable product. This material contains cationic aluminum; the cations are derived from a portion of the tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum ions which were initially part of the zeolitic framework. A mechanism is proposed to explain this transition of the aluminum ions.
First experience with transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for a stenotic mitral prosthesis within the United States.

A 72-year-old woman with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with mitral valve replacement (MVR) using a 27-mm Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) 6 years earlier was referred to our institution with severe, symptomatic prosthetic valve mitral stenosis
Laser surface melting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Surface hardening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with laser surface melting (LSM) in a nitrogen atmosphere has been studied. In LSM, hardness increased almost three-fold in comparison to that of the substrate, the latter having a Vickers hardness of 350, by the formation of TiN in the range of 100μm of melt depth. Hardness, then, decreased slowly and reached a minimum of 580 VHN at a maximum melt depth of 750μm. α′-Ti was formed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) with a VHN of 450. Ageing treatments were performed for all specimens at 450 °C and different ageing times (1–20h). Short ageing treatments increased the hardness in the melted zone as well as in the HAZ (1–3h). Long ageing treatments (7–20h) resulted in uniform hardness distribution in the melted zone.
Bezold's abscess in the setting of untreated HIV infection.

Introduction Reports of Bezold's abscess are rare. Classically, Bezold's abscess is described as a complication of mastoiditis in which infection spreads deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and throughout the fascial planes of the neck. Antibiotic treatment of suppurative otitis media has considerably decreased the incidence of complications resulting from this disease. We present a unique case report of Bezold's abscess in the setting ofa patient with untreated HIV. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Bezold's abscess and HIV. Despite its rarity, clinicians must have a high suspicion for Bezold's abscess in the setting of complicated otitis media and HIV; it must be recognized early in immunocompromised patients and treated aggressively due to its potentially fatal outcome. Study design Case report and review of the literature. Methods We review the clinical course of a thirty five year old male HIV patient with a chronically draining ear and progressive neck stiffness, found to have a Bezold's abscess on CT. The incidence, pathogenesis and treatment of Bezold's abscess are discussed with special reference to the clinical presentation in the setting of an immunocompromised host. Results After broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy, mastoidectomy and surgical incision and drainage of the neck abscess, the patient recovered and had begun antiretroviral therapy at six-month follow-up. Conclusions Bezold's abscess should be considered in the setting of complicated otitis media with neck stiffness and immunocompromised, specifically untreated HIV. The diagnosis and prompt, aggressive treatment of Bezold's abscess is necessary for an optimal clinical outcome
Leading with Purpose: The New Corporate Realities

This book explores corporate purpose a company's expressed overriding reason for existing and its effect upon strategy, executive leadership, employees, and, ultimately, on competitive performance. The author challenges the conventional wisdom that corporations should be dedicated to shareholder wealth creation, and argues that instead the path to competitive advantage and outstanding long-term financial performance lies in a customer-focused corporate purpose.
Separators and structure prediction in sparse orthogonal factorization

Abstract In the factorization A = QR of a sparse matrix A , the orthogonal matrix Q can be represented either explicitly (as a matrix) or implicitly (as a sequence of Householder vectors). A folk theorem states that the Householder vectors are much sparser than Q in practice. In this paper we make this folk theorem precise: we prove tight upper and lower bounds on the nonzero counts of the two representations in terms of the quality of separators in the column intersection graph of A . We conclude that the folk theorem is true when A is nearly square, but not when A has many more rows than columns.
Impaired conversion of rat uterine estradiol receptors during aging.

Abstract We have examined the effects of aging on the capacity of rat uterine estradiol receptors to be transformed from 8S to 4S and 5S species. Cytosol receptors from mature (6-month-old) rats or senescent (24-month-old) rats have been exposed to various KCl concentrations, ammonium sulfate precipitation and 25°C heating. Estradiol receptors of both the mature and senescent age groups exist in an 8S form on linear 5–20% sucrose gradients in the absence of KCl and are converted to a 4S molecule in the presence of 0.4 M KCl. At intermediate salt concentrations a greater portion of mature receptors was converted to the 4S species. At 0.15 M KCl 62.3% ± 2.8 of the mature receptors are converted to 4S versus 41% ± 1.9 of the senescent receptors, and at 0.2 M KCl 79.6% ± 3.2 of the mature receptors are converted to the 4S versus 58.2% ± 2.1 of the senescent. Ammonium sulfate treatment in the presence of 0.3 M KCl converted about 80% of the receptors from the 4S to the 5S form, while only about half of the old receptors are affected. When ammonium sulfate precipitates were heated to 25°C all to mature receptors were converted to the 5S species, while only two thirds of the senescent receptors were sedimented at 5S under the same conditions. Inclusion of 20 mM molybdate during preparation blocks conversion of about 15% of the senescent receptors from the 8S to the 4S form but does not affect the mature preparations. Similarly, molybdate treatment does not affect the conversion of the mature estradiol receptors to the 5S form but increases the percentage of senescent receptors remaining in the 4S form from 30 to 45%. Such qualitative differences in receptor conversion may be related to age associated deterioration of estradiol stimulated uterine responsiveness.
Zur Feldbogentheorie bei kalten, verdampfenden Kathoden. II

Der Feldbogen fordert, wie zunachst gezeigt wurde, ein Ionisationsgebiet mit extrem hoher Ladungstragerdichte. Dieses der Kathode vorgelagerte Gebiet hat eine Tiefenausdehnung von etwa 10−4 cm und eine Breitenausdehnung von der gleichen Grosenordnung. Das Kanalmodell, welches den ersten Betrachtungen zugrunde lag, erfast die Verhaltnisse in diesem Fall nur unvollkommen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird darum die Abhangigkeit der wesentlichen Entladungsparameter von der Ausdehnung quer durch das Ionisationsgebiet untersucht. Die Feldemission der kalten Kathode erzeugt einen Kontraktionsmechanismus, der fur hochste kathodische Stromdichte sorgt. Auch fur die unregelmasige Bewegung des kathodischen Bogenansatzes, dessen rucklaufige Bewegung im Magnetfeld und die extrem kurze Verloschzeit des Bogens wird eine einfache Erklarung gegeben. Der untersuchte Bogentyp, der vorwiegend an leichtfluchtigen Metallkathoden beobachtet wurde, ist offenbar auch an Kathoden aus schwerfluchtigen Metallen einschlieslich W anzutreffen, also an allen Metallen, solange die Kathode in Brennflecknahe kalt genug ist.
Efficiency improvement of gpst inversion algorithm

Abstract To demonstrate the possibility of improving the efficiency of the generalized pulse-spectrum technique (GPST) inversion algorithm by implementing special re-structuralization and high level parallelism into the system of discretized Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, a simple two-parameter inverse problem of two-dimensional linear evolution equation is considered. Numerical simulations are carried out to test the feasibility and to study the general characteristics of the improved GPST without real measurement data. It is found that the improved GPST is not only as robust as the standard GPST but also, possessing the speedup, very close to the estimated one by performing the computational complexity analysis based upon FLO count.
Pharmacological prevention of migraine

#### Summary points People who have migraine experience intermittent attacks of unilateral, pulsating, and moderate to severe headache with associated nausea or photophobia and phonophobia (or all these symptoms). These attacks typically start before the age of 40, often in childhood or teenage years, and occur most commonly from the second to the fourth decade of life.1 Attacks may be infrequent or frequent. Chronic migraine is diagnosed when attacks regularly occur on more than 15 days a month. Box 1 shows the International Headache Society’s classification criteria for migraine without aura. #### Box 1 International Headache Society’s classification criteria for migraine without aura1 At least five attacks fulfilling criteria A-C Recent population studies have shown the worldwide prevalence of migraine to be greater than 10%. The prevalence of migraine in the United States has been estimated at 18% for women, 6% for men, and 12% overall.2 3 Migraine clearly affects women more than men, and its aetiology also seems to have a hereditary component. The World Health Organization ranks migraine 19th on the list of diseases worldwide that cause disability.w1 In spite of recent advances in treatment options for migraine, both acute and preventive, these treatments continue …
The Analysis of Variance

Originally published in 1959, this classic volume has had a major impact on generations of statisticians. Newly issued in the Wiley Classics Series, the book examines the basic theory of analysis of variance by considering several different mathematical models. Part I looks at the theory of fixed-effects models with independent observations of equal variance, while Part II begins to explore the analysis of variance in the case of other models.
Expression changes of dopaminergic system-related genes in PC12 cells induced by manganese, silver, or copper nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have received a great deal of attention for producing new engineering applications due to their novel physicochemical characteristics. However, the broad application of nanomaterials has also produced concern for nanoparticle toxicity due to increased exposure from large-scale industry production. This study was conducted to investigate the potential neurotoxicity of manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) nanoparticles using the dopaminergic neuronal cell line, PC12. Selective genes associated with the dopaminergic system were investigated for expression changes and their correlation with dopamine depletion. PC12 cells were treated with 10 microg/ml Mn-40 nm, Ag-15 nm, or Cu-90 nm nanoparticles for 24 h. Cu-90 nanoparticles induced dopamine depletion in PC12 cells, which is similar to the effect induced by Mn-40 shown in a previous study. The expression of 11 genes associated with the dopaminergic system was examined using real-time RT-PCR. The expression of Txnrd1 was up-regulated after the Cu-90 treatment and the expression of Gpx1 was down-regulated after Ag-15 or Cu-90 treatment. These alterations are consistent with the oxidative stress induced by metal nanoparticles. Mn-40 induced a down-regulation of the expression of Th; Cu-90 induced an up-regulation of the expression of Maoa. This indicates that besides the oxidation mechanism, enzymatic alterations may also play important roles in the induced dopamine depletion. Mn-40 also induced a down-regulation of the expression of Park2; while the expression of Snca was up-regulated after Mn-40 or Cu-90 treatment. These data suggest that Mn and Cu nanoparticles-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity may share some common mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration.
The Fellows' Corner: An introduction

Annually, there are between 300 and 400 new fellows in gastroenterology. Nearly the same number of trainees decide each year whether to further their training with an additional year or to embark on their professional career in academics or private practice. Many career decisions during the traditional 3 years of fellowship training are made with limited information. The Fellows’ Corner is a new page, dedicated to addressing issues pertinent to the fellow in training, that will appear monthly in this journal. The objective is to give fellows a forum to obtain information pertaining to issues specific to a trainee. Each month a different guest author will tackle a topic that deals with an issue specific to fellows, with suggested readings that will provide further information related to the topic of the month. A wide range of topics will be addressed and should interest a fellow inclined toward either private practice or academics. Topics will include issues related to position acquisition after training, such as what a fellow needs to know about interviewing, contract negotiation, and malpractice, as well as issues associated with research success and further training. This first installment will discuss the benefits of membership to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) specifically for the fellow.
Development of intergranular thermal residual stresses in beryllium during cooling from processing temperatures

The intergranular thermal residual stresses in texture-free solid polycrystalline beryllium were determined by comparison of crystallographic lattice parameters in solid and powder samples measured by neutron diffraction during cooling from 800 °C. The internal stresses are not significantly different from zero >575 °C and increase nearly linearly <525 °C. At room temperature, the c axis of an average grain is under ∼200 MPa of compressive internal stress, and the a axis is under 100 MPa of tensile stress. For comparison, the stresses have also been calculated using an Eshelby-type polycrystalline model. The measurements and calculations agree very well when temperature dependence of elastic constants is accounted for, and no plastic relaxation is allowed in the model.
Infinite Hamiltonian paths in Cayley digraphs

Abstract Let Cay( S : H ) be the Cayley digraph of the generators S in the group H . A one-way infinite Hamiltonian path in the digraph G is a listing of all the vertices [ ν i :1⩽ i ν i to ν 1+1 . A two-way infinite Hamiltonian path is similarly defined, with i ranging from −∞ to ∞. In this paper, we give conditions on S and H for the existence of one- and two-way infinite Hamiltonian paths in Cay( X : H ). Two of our results can be summarized as follows. First, if S is countably infinite and H is abelian, then Cay( S : H ) has one- and two-way Hamiltonian paths if and only if it is strongly connected (except for one infinite family). We also give necessary and sufficient conditions on S for Cay( S : H ) to be strongly connected for a large class of Cayley digraphs. Second, we show that any Cayley digraph of a countable locally finite group has both one- and two-way infinite Hamiltonian paths. As a lemma, we give a relation between the strong connectivity and the outer valence of finite vertex-transitive digraphs.
An approach to testing the goodness of fit of incompletely specified distributions

A general method is developed for testing the goodness of fit of a continuous distribution against unspecified alternatives when the null hypothesis specifies only the functional form of the distribution and leaves some or all of its parameters unspecified. The exponential and normal distributions are treated in detail. For these distributions tables of percentile points of the test statistics are provided. Power comparisons of our tests with those developed by Lilliefors are also given. All the numerical results involved are derived using Monte Carlo methods.
Perfusion studies employing α-C14 acetate to study the synergistic effect of cortisone and insulin on lipogenesis

Der vorliegende Aufsatz berichtet uber Beobachtungen eines synergistischen Effektes von Insulin und Cortison bei der Fettsauresynthese in der durchstromten Rattenleber.
On the structure of the paramyosin molecule

Light scattering, viscosity and sedimentation experiments on solutions of Venus mercenaria paramyosin show that the paramyosin molecule is a rod, 1330 A long and 20 A in diameter, and has a mass of 220,000 atomic mass units. The hypothesis that the molecule is made up of two adjacent α-helical chains is consistent with the diameter and mass per unit length found in this study, and with other available data.
Coaxing coagulation with RNA and cell fragments.

Two new therapeutic strategies show promise in mouse models of hemophilia. One uses an RNA repair approach relying on trans-splicing to patch a genetic defect in a mouse model. Another aims at microparticles, cell fragments that seem to promote coagulation ( pages 1015–1019 and 1020–1025 ).
Involution of Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity after Diode Laser Photocoagulation

Abstract Objective To characterize the process of involution of threshold retinopathy of prematurity after transpupillary diode laser photocoagulation. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Neonates with threshold retinopathy who underwent diode laser photocoagulation of the peripheral avascular retina. Methods A retrospective chart review was done of the weekly examination records of infants treated for threshold disease. Features that were studied included the presence of residual stage 3 neovascularization, plus disease, and development of retinal detachment (RD). Main outcome measures Timing of full involution and/or development of an RD. Results Of 262 eyes of 138 infants treated, full involution without RD was seen in 8%, 43%, 64%, 73%, and 86% of eyes at postoperative weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9±3, respectively. Retinal detachments were diagnosed cumulatively in 0%, 1.5%, 4.2%, 6.5%, and 14% of eyes at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9±3, respectively. Conclusions Full involution of laser-treated threshold retinopathy of prematurity required more than 2 weeks in more than half of treated eyes. Most RDs were not detected until ≥3 weeks after treatment.
Political Interventions in U.S. Human Embryo Research: An Ethical Assessment

For more than 30 years, beginning with the Reagan administration's refusal to support and provide oversight for embryo research, and continuing to the present in congressionally imposed limits on funding for such research, progress in infertility medicine and the development of stem cell therapies has been seriously delayed by a series of political interventions. In almost all cases, these interventions result from a view of the moral status of human embryo premised largely on religious assumptions. Although some believe that these interventions are valid expressions of religious values in the public sector, it is argued here that they, in fact, contradict Rawls's conception of public reasoning. Both the prohibition of research involving the human embryo as well as bans on federal funding for embryo-related research place the particular religious views of some citizens above the pressing health needs of almost all, and thus violate the ideal of civility implicit in the Rawlsian standard.
Synthesis of optimal chemical reactor networks

Abstract The synthesis of optimal reactor networks using a superstructure based approach is considered. The fundamental units in the superstructure are the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a cross flow reactor (CFR). The mathematical modeling leads to an optimal control formulation which is solved using a control parameterization technique. The approach is applicable to general reaction mechanisms and is applied to a complex nonisothermal reaction problem.
Synthesis and biological activities of pseudopeptide analogues of LH-RH: agonists and antagonists.

Using solid phase methods, seven agonist and antagonist analogues of LH-RH have been prepared containing enzyme-resistant CH2S linkages as selected amide bond replacements. Agonists modified at the 5–6, 6–7 and 9–10 position had 2, < 0.1, and 10% of the invitro activity of LH-RH, respectively. Among potential antagonists, 6–7 position analogues showed only minimal inhibitory activity but N- and C-terminal modified analogues retained substantial LH-RH-LH and FSH inhibitory activity. In addition, a 1–2 position methylene thioether analogue of the parent [Ac-Pro1, D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]LH-RH antagonist was completely inhibitory at 30 ng invitro and represents the first such structure-modification that may be at least as active as its corresponding amide linked congener. However, neither 1–2 nor 9–10 methylene thioether position antagonists showed invivo antiovulatory activity at the 250 μg level.
Mindfulness and Rumination: Does Mindfulness Training Lead to Reductions in the Ruminative Thinking Associated With Depression?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1982, 1990) training on a self-selected adult community sample in the areas of mindfulness, rumination, depressive symptomatology and overall well-being. Targeting rumination was considered particularly important because a tendency toward rumination in nondepressed populations has been found to be predictive of subsequent onset of depression. As hypothesized, completers of the MBSR class showed increases in mindfulness and overall wellbeing, and decreases in rumination and symptoms of depression. Limitations of the study are discussed, as are the implications of these findings.
TOWARDS AN ACCURATE WAVE FUNCTION FOR POSITRONIUM HYDRIDE.

A variational wave function for the ground state of positronium hydride is presented. The wave function is considerably more accurate than any previously reported. The only simplifications used are (a) only kinetic and Coulombic potential energy terms are included in the Hamiltonian, (b) the motion of the proton is ignored, and (c) the nucleus-positron distance is excluded from the wave function. The last assumption is the major source of error, but it enables us to evaluate all integrals exactly. Several trial wave functions are examined, the one giving the lowest energy being an open-shell exponential function times a 12-term power series through second-degree terms in the five remaining interparticle coordinates. Positronium hydride is found to be stable with respect to separation into hydrogen and positronium by at least 0.657 eV. The annihilation rate for two-photon events is found to be 2.095 ${\mathrm{nsec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the trial wave function giving the lowest energy, and 2.265 ${\mathrm{nsec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the trial wave function which most nearly satisfies the positron-electron cusp condition. A search for bound excited states of PsH and a bound state for the system ${e}^{+}\mathrm{He}$ was unsuccessful.
Space Processor Technology Tradeoffs

Computational requirements for proposed satellite surveillance missions have grown beyond the capabilities of existing space qualified computers. In fact, throughput for a space processor of the future is expected to be in excess of 50 million instructions per second (MIPS). This processing capability must be attained with minimum system size, weight and power. Recent studies indicate that a distributed processing system is a realistic method of attaining this goal. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and very high speed integrated circuits (VHSIC) technologies were evaluated for the design of a modular, high throughput, space computer. Operational and physical property attributes considered include: 1) processing throughput versus system power, 2) local heat dissipation, 3) device radiation tolerance and 4) multiprocessor communication techniques. The conclusion of the evaluation makes a series of recommendations and suggests a set of tests to enable the space community to select the optimum technology and system architecture for a modular space processing system.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of bottom depth and albedo on the diffuse reflectance of a flat homogeneous ocean.

The influence of the bottom albedo on the diffuse reflectance of a flat, homogeneous ocean is computed as a function of bottom depth and albedo for three oceanic scattering phase functions and several values of ω0. The results show that the bottom can have a large effect on the reflectivity, especially for small optical depths. When combined with the observed optical properties of clear natural water, the calculations are shown to be in good agreement with the observed dependence of in-water nadir radiance spectra, with depth. The apparent independence of the reflectance on the mode of illumination observed earlier for the infinitely deep ocean is found to be invalid for a shallow ocean. The effect of departures of the bottom law of diffuse reflectance from Lambertian is investigated and shown to be considerable in some cases.
Timing of appearance of versiconal hemiacetal acetate esterase and versiconal cyclase activity in cultures ofAspergillus parasiticus

The sequence of steps versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) to versiconal (VL) catalyzed by an esterase and VL to versicolorin B (VB) catalyzed by VL cyclase has been previously demonstrated in cell-free systems fromAspergillus parasiticus. VHA esterase and VL cyclase activities were estimated by determining the amounts of VL and VB after incubation of VHA in cell-free extracts from mycelia that were either synthesizing or not synthesizing aflatoxins. VHA esterase activity but not VL cyclase activity was present in extracts from cells grown in a nonaflatoxin-producing medium. VHA esterase activity was present in extracts from mycelia grown in aflatoxin-producing medium harvested after one to six days of incubation. VL cyclase activity was absent at one day, low at two days, maximal at three to five days, and lower at six days. VL cyclase activity appears in the later part of the growth period which is also the period of aflatoxin biosynthesis. This supports a role for VL cyclase in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.
Microstructural evolution during grain boundary engineering of low to medium stacking fault energy fcc materials

Abstract Grain boundary engineering comprises processes by which the relative fractions of so-called special and random grain boundaries in microstructures are manipulated with the objective of improving materials properties such as corrosion, creep resistance, and weldability. One such process also referred to as sequential thermomechanical processing (TMP), consists of moderate strains followed by annealing at relatively high temperatures for short periods of time. These thermomechanical treatments on fcc metals and alloys with low to medium stacking fault energies result in microstructures with high fractions of Σ3n and other special boundaries, as defined by the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model. More importantly, the interconnected networks of random boundaries are significantly modified as a consequence of the processing. The modifications in the grain boundary network have been correlated with post-mortem electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the deformed and annealed states of the material. The evolution of the microstructure to a high fraction of Σ3n boundaries is correlated with the decomposition or dissociation of immobile boundaries during annealing. This is evidenced by TEM observations of the decomposition of relatively immobile boundaries into two components, one with very low energy and thus immobile, and the other a highly mobile boundary that migrates into neighboring areas of higher strain levels. The formation of low-energy grain boundaries through this mechanism and its effect on boundary network topology is discussed within the context of grain boundary engineering and linked to known microstructural evolution mechanisms.
Geologic processes affecting the stability of rock slopes along Massachusetts highways

Abstract This paper concerns a program to describe and analyze rock materials along Massachusetts highways. The strength of these materials and any susceptibility to failure depend on their composition and structure, as well as on hydrologic conditions and steepness of the slopes. The program will involve the details of geologic processes affecting the stability of some natural slopes in addition to selected excavations.
Collisional energy transfer between excited-state strontium and noble-gas atoms.

Inert-gas-induced collisional transfer between the first four excited states of Sr has been measured by determining excited-state densities following pulsed laser excitation of the 5 $^{1}$P state. We observe 5 $^{1}$P collisional transfer exclusively to the 4 $^{3}$D state, with (\ensuremath{\sim}800 K) rate coefficients ranging from 0.24 to 2.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for the various gases. We also measure 4 $^{1}$${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ transfer primarily to the 4 $^{3}$D state, with rate coefficients of 0.65 to 6.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The 4 $^{3}$D state radiative lifetime is observed to be 2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}s, collisional mixing between the 4 $^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{j}}$ fine-structure levels is essentially gas kinetic (k\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), and k${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for 4 $^{3}$D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5 $^{3}$P collisional transfer.
Theory of micromorphic materials with memory

Abstract A constitutive theory of memory-dependent microelastic solids and microviscous fluids is developed. Nonlinear constitutive functionals are considered to depend on the continuous past history of macro and micro-deformation gradients, temperature and the temperature gradients. By use of the second law of thermodynamics and the principle of fading memory a set of exact functional constitutive equations are derived. The linear theory is presented in full for memory-dependent anisotropic and isotropic microelastic solids and microfluids.
In the rhesus monkey placental retention after fetectomy at 121 to 130 days' gestation outlasts the normal duration of pregnancy

Objective: Our aim was to reassess the role of the fetus in the initiation of parturition in nonhuman primates. We tested the effect of the removal of the fetus at 121 to 130 days' gestation on the duration of gestation in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Study Design: Nine monkeys underwent fetectomy with the placenta in situ. Five monkeys underwent surgery without removal of the fetus. Results: In five control monkeys spontaneous vaginal delivery of live fetuses occurred at 163.8 ± 4.6 days' gestation (mean ± SD). In four of nine monkeys that underwent fetectomy the placenta delivered spontaneously at 185,193, 201, and 207 days' gestation. The five remaining monkeys underwent cesarean section at 162, 189, 201, 202, and 219 days' gestation. Duration of placental retention in monkeys that underwent fetectomy (195 ± 16.1 days' gestation) exceeded that in controls ( p Conclusion: We conclude that the presence of a live fetus plays a significant role in the determination of the duration of normal pregnancy in the rhesus monkey.
Regulation of aromatase activity of rat granulosa cells: induction of synthesis of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase by FSH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP

Aromatase is an enzyme complex that is composed of a specific form of cytochrome P-450 and a flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Aromatase activity of granulosa cells is increased markedly by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and by analogs of cyclic AMP. It was the objective of the present study to investigate the effects of FSH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) on the synthesis of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in rat granulosa cells maintained in vitro. Granulosa cells were obtained from the ovaries of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated immature rats and were incubated in the presence of DES (10(-7) M), DES + FSH (250 ng/ml), or DES + Bt2cAMP (1 mM) for up to 72 h. After 72 h of incubation, aromatase activity of cells incubated with DES alone was 5 pmoles estrogen formed 2 h-1 mg-1 protein and was increased greater than 60-fold in cells incubated with FSH or Bt2cAMP. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was immunoisolated from [35S]methionine-labeled lysates of granulosa cells incubated for 72 h in the absence or presence of stimulatory factors. The rate of synthesis of reductase was found to be increased about 3-fold in cells incubated with DES + FSH or DES + Bt2cAMP as compared to cells incubated with DES alone. By immunoblot analysis we found that the cellular content of reductase was increased about 2-fold by FSH and Bt2cAMP treatment. Reductase specific activity was 10 nmoles min-1 mg-1 protein in membrane fractions of DES-treated cells and was increased 1.6-fold by FSH treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic Factors in the Hyperkinetic Syndrome

Abstract This paper reviews the evidence for the role of genetic factors in the hyperkinetic syndrome. Two family studies suggest that the hyperkinetic syndrome is a familial disorder which passes from generation to generation. Adoption studies suggest that the mechanism of transmission is genetic rather than environmental. The limited evidence available from twin studies is also consistent with the notion that genetic factors play an important role in the hyperkinetic syndrome. The possible genetic mechanisms of transmission are considered: chromosome anomaly. simple autosomal dominant and simple autosomal recessive transmission. sex linkage. and polygenic inheritance. The available data best fit a polygenic model. Suggestions for future research in this area are made.
Continuous emissions monitoring of mixed waste incinerators

A system for the real-time monitoring of emissions from incinerators must be developed which can address the needs of the DOE community and others involved in mixed waste incineration. These needs are an outgrowth of the ever-increasing waste storage problems and the growing concern of the public, as witnessed by the stricter compliance requirements of federal and state agencies, that the products of incineration are hazardous to their health and injurious to the environment. This paper focuses on the technologies being developed here at Los Alamos and other laboratories which address the detection of a broad spectrum of toxic and hazardous chemicals.
K-Ar dating using neutron activation for Ar analysis: Comparison with isotope dilution Ar analyses

Abstract Isotope dilution Ar analyses are reported for all samples originally analysed by neutron activation. The methods are in agreement but the more precise and accurate isotope dilution analyses are preferred.
Studies on the tricyanocyclopropenyl system

Abstract Chlorination of tricyanocylopropane is observed to lead directly to trichlorotricyanocyclopropane which undergoes a remarkable reductive conversion to hexacyanobenzene. The synthesis of mono- and dichlorotricyanocyclopropane ( 4 and 5 ) and their use as potential precursors for tricyanocyclopropenyl anion is described.
We want our MTV: glocalisation of cable content in China, Korea and Japan

Abstract This study examines Viacom's MTV localisation strategy in East Asia – specifically South Korea, China and Japan, which should be interpreted not in the context of globalisation but of glocalisation, because the strategy for entry into foreign markets means that localised programming and business modes are more successful than other strategies (e.g. standardisation or unification). The results of this study show that Viacom's MTV used joint ventures as its primary localised business mode in East Asia. This particular mode is more efficient and beneficial to an international company like Viacom in countries that are not only distant, but also culturally, politically, financially and economically challenging to them. In terms of localised programming, MTV Korea, MTV China and MTV Japan all used local staff and local languages, and all three channels showed different trends in the types of programmes they broadcast: MTV Korea aired more local programmes, MTV Japan aired more Western music and MTV Chi...
Earthquake analysis with generalized plasticity model for saturated soils

A plasticity based constitutive model for anisotropic behaviour of soils is implemented in a finite element procedure based on the generalized Biot theory for the dynamic non-linear response of porous materials. The model represents a version in the hierarchical approach of constitutive modelling and allows for inelastic response during loading, unloading and reloading. The procedure has been verified previously with respect to closed-form solutions for wave propagation in porous media. In this paper, it is used to predict the behaviour of a realistic structure-saturated porous soil system subjected to earthquake loading. Both linear and non-linear analyses have been performed. It has been found that the predicted responses from the two analyses are significantly different; for example, in comparison with the linear analysis the non-linear response shows increased magnitudes and zones of concentration of pore water pressures, increased magnitudes of horizontal displacements, decreased magnitudes of vertical displacements and increased magnitudes of shear stresses.
Second-Generation Prisoners and the Transmission of Domestic Violence

Adult inmates who experienced the incarceration of a parent, known as "second-generation prisoners," experience unique challenges and are at heightened risk for experiencing other adversities throughout the life span. Our study investigated one specific, and previously unexplored, type of adversity--domestic violence--within a sample of 293 incarcerated adults. We examined the relation between generation status (first- or second-generation prisoners), childhood exposure to domestic violence, and participation in adult relationship violence prior to incarceration. Results indicate that prisoners who had been exposed to domestic violence in childhood were more likely to engage in intimate partner violence resulting in inflicted and received injury. Relative to first-generation prisoners, second-generation prisoners reported more childhood domestic violence exposure and were more likely to have been injured by a relationship partner. However, this relation between second-generation status and injury victimization was mediated by domestic violence exposure. These results support an intergenerational pattern of domestic violence and suggest that second-generation prisoners are a unique population worthy of future investigation and mental health intervention.
Cranial Evidence in Archeological Reconstruction: A Trial of Multivariate Techniques for the Southwest1

INTERPRETATIONS based on human skeletal differences have thus far not contributed substantially to regional prehistoric reconstruction in the United States. Generally speaking, the additional information derived from human bones has not been proportional to the time and care spent by archeologists in excavating and preserving them. To remedy this situation better methods seem necessary for the analysis of human morphological variation in time and space. A place for testing such methods is the American Southwest, an area which has produced skeletal material in well-established archeological contexts.
Metal-Catalyzed Reduction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine with Hydrogen in Water†

There is considerable need for the rapid destruction of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water because current alternative treatment methods are relatively inefficient. Powdered metal catalysts in conjunction with hydrogen gas showed notable potential for rapid destruction of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water. Palladium, copper-enhanced palladium, and nickel catalysts showed significant efficacy for NDMA reduction, with observed half-lives on the order of hours using 10 mg L-1 catalyst metal. Other catalysts were screened because of their well-documented efficacy for reduction of halogenated hydrocarbons, including zerovalent iron, nickel-enhanced iron, nickel, and manganese. Starting with 100 μg L-1 NDMA, a level observed at multiple field sites, pseudo-first-order kinetics were observed for all catalysts tested. No reaction intermediates were observed in any experiment; the amine group of NDMA was cleaved and reduced to dimethylamine with carbon balance in excess of 97%. Reductive catalysis may pro...
Labor Market Institutions and the Second-Best Tariff

Labor market distortions provide a second-best case for protection. However, the implications are less obvious when the product market is imperfectly competitive too, as suggested by several partial equilibrium studies. This paper adopts a general equilibrium approach, combining unionization in labor markets with monopolistic competition in product markets. Two labor market settings are considered: fully centralized wage bargaining ("Scandinavia", for short) and negotiation at the firm level ("Latin America"). The competitive labor market case is used as a benchmark. It is shown that in Latin America the second-best tariff is higher, and the welfare level lower, than in the benchmark case. Scandinavia reaches the first best under free trade.