cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructural evolution in the fine-grained region of the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core

An in-depth analysis of seven samples from the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core, using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, illustrates rotational recrystallization or polygonization in the fine-grained region of the core between 700 and 800 m. Between 640 and 700 m, the microstructure is characterized by a bimodal grain-size distribution and a broken girdle fabric with evidence of polygonization. From 727 to 770 m, mean grain size decreases and a single-maximum fabric is found, and, by 790 m, mean grain size has again increased and a multiple-maxima fabric manifests itself. We compare grain-size distribution, c- and a-axis orientation, and misorientation between adjacent grains. We found that misorientations between adjacent grains in the 727–770 m region were predominantly low-angle and typically around a common a-axis, suggesting polygonization. This conclusion is supported by radar evidence of a physical disturbance at 757 m, which may be correlated with higher than usual strain in the 700–800 m range. Below 770 m, larger less regular misorientations and textural evidence show that migration recrystallization is the primary recrystallization mechanism.
Study on the role of ecological approaches to deratization in the maintenance of a low rat density in large hotels

Objective To observe the role of ecological approaches to deratization in keeping the rat density in large hotels as low as possible,providing a scientific basis for future deratization.Methods First,0.005% bromadiolone corn poison bait was laid out for 6 consecutive days in the four large hotels with similar environmental conditions and serious rodent damage.And then the 4 hotels were randomly divided into two groups,of which ecological approaches to deratization were followed in one,with the other used as the control group.S-100 method was used to evaluate the deratization effect by the deratization rate based on the difference in the rodent density between the 2 groups within 6 months.Results The deratization rate of 0.005% bromadiolone corn poison bait for the 4 hotels was 96.92%,97.06%,96.82% and 97.53%,respectively,with the overall deratization rate being 97.12% within the 6 months.By the end of the observation,the rat density of the 2 hotels in the test group increased only by 2.97 compared with that at the time when corn poison bait deratization was completed,while the density of the 2 hotels in the control group increased by 34.34 in the same period of time with a difference of 31.37 between the two groups(u=22.24,P0.01).Conclusion The deratization effect with poison bait followed by ecological approaches is a highly effective means for safe deratization and prolonged maintenance of the state.
Quality of Food Hygiene in Nancahng District of Wuxi City during 2006-2010

[Objective]To understand the quality of food hygiene in Nangchang District of Wuxi City during 2006-2010,to identify the existed problem immediately,to adopt targeted inspection measures,to improve the quality of food hygiene,and ensure physical and mental health of consumers. [Methods]Based on the "National Food Hygiene Standards" 10 categories of food such as meat and meat Products,soy products,conserved fruit were tested and evaluated.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. [Results]Detection of 1 692 samples,1 301 were eligible,the average qualified rate of 76.89%,pickles had the highest qualified rate,followed by soy sauce,beverages,milk and dairy products,fermented wine,conserved fruits,cakes and bread,frozen drinks,all were over 73%,and the qualified rates of soy products,meat and meat products were lowest. [Conclusion]Food quality increases annually in Nanchang District,but the quality of meat and meat products,soy products and other food is not optimistic.The above food should receive strict food safety risk monitoring and food safety regulatory.
Determination of pulmonary tissue volume, pulmonary capillary blood flow and diffusing capacity of the lung before and after hemodialysis.

In order to better understand changes in lung function before and after dialysis, we studied eight patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Pulmonary tissue volume (Vt), pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc), the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), arterial blood gases and body weight were measured before and after dialysis. A single breath, constant expiratory flow technique for determination of of DLCO, Qc and Vt was used. DLCO, Qc, arterial carbon dioxide, and body weight were reduced post dialysis (P less than or equal to .01) while Vt failed to change. The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference rose 123 mmHg (P = .01). These results are consistent with pulmonary microembolization during dialysis with deterioration of gas exchange and Qc. These changes appear to occur independent of significant changes in Vt. Possible physiologic mechanisms are discussed.
The Development of Hierarchically Complex Equivalence Classes

Piaget postulated that one of the fundamental actions of people was to classify objects and actions. These classifications could be grouped together on the basis of the number of times these actions coordinate precursor actions. We call this number the order of hierarchical complexity when it refers to task demands and the stage when it refers to performance. Fourteen orders of such complexity have been analyzed. This paper introduces the notion that equivalence classes can be ordered according to their hierarchical complexity. Here, an adult task shows how the identity relations at each stage are used to define equivalence classes of the next stage. Results showed that some adults with postgraduate education detect metasystematic (12th order) equivalence classes.
The Andrews Great House Community: A Ceramic Chronometric Perspective

ABSTRACTTemporal variability in and among Chacoan Anasazi outlier communities may be successfully assessed using ceramic chronometric techniques. Ceramic group dating, mean ceramic dating, and multidimensional scaling were used to date sites in the Andrews Chacoan community in the Red Mesa Valley of northwest New Mexico. The Andrews community was found to have been occupied between the late A.D. 800s and the mid-A.D. 1000s. The Andrews great house appears to be a relatively early example of a Chacoan structure. The early dates for Andrews suggest that great house architecture in outlying communities need not signify an expansionist Chacoan presence.
A Future Full of Innovations

Throughout history, innovations have made lives better, easier, and more enjoyable. As Demirdjian (2010, p. 1) stated, “Man did not get out of the stone age because he ran out of stones. His large brain made him find other materials such as iron to make stronger instruments out of it.” Certainly, in complex times this process should not come to a standstill but rather must accelerate. This chapter discusses this process by exploring three critical areas: the full cycle of radical innovation from ideation to a market reality, research that identifies critical weaknesses and suggests future studies, and innovation cultures within the firm and within society.
Terminology to support manufacturing process characterization and assessment for sustainable production

Abstract Common terminology is essential for accurate communication among researchers, scientists, engineers, and other decision makers. To assist manufacturing process characterization, a common understanding of terminology is imperative for efficient and effective communication in industry; it can also facilitate automation and interoperability of software tools. Manufacturing process characterization enables the assessment and improvement of unit manufacturing processes, products, and systems from a sustainability perspective. To develop and implement sustainability-related standards and best practices in industry, naming conventions and definitions of common terms are needed. Presently, many terms used are ill-defined, vague, or overlap in meaning. Although there are ongoing standards efforts related to terminology identification and definition, an identified common set is yet to be developed. The objective of this work was to facilitate ongoing standards development efforts by harmonizing the varied array of terms used to describe production processes. As a result of a review of the literature, a concise set of 47 terms focusing on process characterization and able to describe sustainable production was generated; terms unique to individual production processes were omitted. The terms were organized into six categories to define the overarching concepts: Scope, Boundary, Material, Measurement, Model, and Flow. Definitions of the terms were then derived from the literature in sustainable manufacturing and chemical and process industries, process characterization and planning, organization standards, and life cycle assessment and management. The reported terms and definitions are not unique to sustainable production, and could foster widespread use of the concepts to improve the economic, environmental, and social performance of industry. In the future, the terminology described could be standardized through international standards organizations. Further, a rigorous review of research on manufacturing process characterization and process modeling in support of sustainable production is yet to be accomplished. Such a review would aid in organizing prior work by process type, perhaps by using a standard process taxonomy. Thus, a generalized, industry-relevant method for manufacturing process characterization could emerge to support sustainability assessment, and could be implemented through software applications accessible to a variety of users.
Lithium Ion Pathway within Li7La3Zr2O12‐Polyethylene Oxide Composite Electrolytes

Polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes are emerging as a promising solution to deliver high ionic conductivity, optimal mechanical properties, and good safety for developing high-performance all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. Composite electrolytes have been prepared with cubic-phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet and polyethylene oxide (PEO) and employed in symmetric lithium battery cells. By combining selective isotope labeling and high-resolution solid-state Li NMR, we are able to track Li ion pathways within LLZO-PEO composite electrolytes by monitoring the replacement of 7Li in the composite electrolyte by 6Li from the 6Li metal electrodes during battery cycling. We have provided the first experimental evidence to show that Li ions favor the pathway through the LLZO ceramic phase instead of the PEO-LLZO interface or PEO. This approach can be widely applied to study ion pathways in ionic conductors and to provide useful insights for developing composite materials for energy storage and harvesting.
Calculated conjugated payload from immunoassay and LC-MS intact protein analysis measurements of antibody-drug conjugate.

Aim: Complex nature of bioconjugates require multiple bioanalytical approaches to support PK and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion characterization. For antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) bioanalysis both LC–MS and ligand-binding assays (LBAs) are employed. Results: A method consisting of immunocapture extraction of ADC from biomatrices followed by LC–MS analysis of light and heavy chain is described. Drug antibody ratio (DAR) profiles of ADC Tras-mcVC-PF06380101 dosed at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats were obtained. Combined with total antibody (monoclonal antibody) measurement by LBA, conjugated payload concentration was calculated. Conclusion: PK profiles from LBA, ADC and calculated conjugated payload (DAR × monoclonal antibody) were in good agreement. We present a new tool for PK assessment of ADCs while also exploring ADC metabolism and DAR sensitivity of LBA ADC assay.
Failure to achieve first attempt success at intubation using video laryngoscopy is associated with increased complications

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the association between first attempt success and intubation-related complications in the Intensive Care Unit after the widespread adoption of video laryngoscopy. We further sought to characterize and identify the predictors of complications that occur despite first attempt success. This was a prospective observational study of consecutive intubations performed with video laryngoscopy at an academic medical Intensive Care Unit. Operator, procedural, and complication data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the intubation attempts and the occurrence of one or more complications. A total of 905 patients were intubated using a video laryngoscope. First attempt success occurred in 739 (81.7 %), whereas >1 attempt was needed in 166 (18.3 %). One or more complications occurred in 146 (19.8 %) of those intubated on the first attempt versus 107 (64.5 %, p 1 attempt is associated with 6.4 (95 % CI 4.4–9.3) times the adjusted odds of at least one complication. Pre-intubation predictors of at least one complication despite first attempt success include vomit or edema in the airway as well as the presence of hypoxemia or hypotension. There are increased odds of complications with even a second attempt at intubation in the Intensive Care Unit. Complications occur frequently despite a successful first attempt, and as such, the goal of airway management should not be simply first attempt success, but instead first attempt success without complications.
Improved performance of prostate DCE-MRI using a 32-coil vs. 12-coil receiver array

Abstract Purpose To assess whether acquisition with 32 receiver coils rather than the vendor-recommended 12 coils provides significantly improved performance in 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of the prostate. Materials The study was approved by the institutional review board and was compliant with HIPAA. 50 consecutive male patients in whom prostate MRI was clinically indicated were prospectively imaged in March 2015 with an accelerated DCE-MRI sequence in which image reconstruction was performed using 12 and 32 coil elements. The two reconstructions were compared quantitatively and qualitatively. The first was done using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and g-factor analysis to assess sensitivity to acceleration. The second was done using a five-point scale by two experienced radiologists using criteria of perceived SNR, artifact, sharpness, and overall preference. Significance was assessed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Extension to T2-weighted spin-echo and diffusion sequences was assessed in phantom studies. Results Reconstruction using 32 vs. 12 coil elements provided improved performance in DCE-MRI based on intrinsic SNR (18% higher) and g-factor statistics (14% higher), with a median 32% higher overall SNR within the prostate volume over all subjects. Reconstruction using 32 coils was qualitatively rated significantly improved (p Conclusions Reconstruction of 3D accelerated DCE-MRI studies of the prostate using 32 independent receiver coils provides improved overall performance vs. using 12 coils.
Seasonal clear-sky flux and cloud radiative effect anomalies in the Arctic atmospheric column associated with the Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Dipole

The impact of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Arctic Dipole (AD) on the radiative flux into the Arctic mean atmospheric column is quantified. 3-month-averaged AO and AD indices are regressed with corresponding surface and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from the CERES-SFC and CERES-TOA EBAF datasets over the period 2000-2014. An increase in clear-sky fluxes into the Arctic mean atmospheric column during fall is the largest net flux anomaly associated with AO, primarily driven by a positive net longwave flux anomaly (i.e. increase of net flux into the atmospheric column) at the surface. A decrease in the Arctic mean atmospheric column cloud radiative effect during winter and spring is the largest flux anomaly associated with AD, primarily driven by a change in the longwave cloud radiative effect at the surface. These prominent responses to AO and AD are widely distributed across the ice-covered Arctic, suggesting that the physical process or processes that bring about the flux change associated with AO and AD are distributed throughout the Arctic.
TWO WHEEL SELF EQUILIBRIUM SWARM ROBOT CONTROLLED BY PORT FORWARDING METHODS USING IOT

Background/Objectives: This paper proposes a modified method to implement two wheel swarm robot control around anywhere using Internet-of things and also this paper is that we can control multiple robot simultaneously in different places using port forwarding concepts. Methods/Statistical analysis: The invertered pendulum concept is used for the balancing of two wheeled robot. This system utilizes sensor, cameras, and DC-motor are used for detecting obstacle judgments, image viewing and wheel movements. Findings: The main advantage of this paper is that we can control multiple robots simultaneously in different places using port forwarding concepts. If any problems persist in single robot method we cannot achieve the target. But while using the swarm robot, we can achieve the target even though any problems occurs in the other robot. Applications/Improvements: Swarm robot can be used in such way as to travel forward and backward, the current day short distance usage vehicles can be substituted by them. Another advantage of the proposed method is we can control several robots using single IOT.
Tragic Closure and the Cornelian Wager

Cornelian tragedy challenges many of our modern conceptions of the genre. It is tragedy without the tragic,1 a conception which may be authentically classical2 but which is far from the definite fall we frequently associate with the genre.3 Attention has been drawn towards the opposition of Cornelian and Racinian tragedy primarily in terms of the optimistic aristocratic spirit versus the pessimistic Jansenist view of the world, or towards the structure of plays based in one case on suspenseful plot (Corneille) and in the other on a sense of complete certainty of the final outcome (Racine).
A neuroscience analysis of information modeling constructs

This research stream uses neuroscience approaches to study information modeling constructs. Information modeling models the problem domains to facilitate understanding and communication during the information systems development process. Accurate representation and interpretation of the information models are vital to the success of information systems projects. The building blocks of information models are the information modeling constructs. The design of modeling construct representations has traditionally been a laissez faire approach and the design is usually based on convenience and intuition rather than rigorous scientific approach. This paper proposes a neuroscience approach using eye-tracking machine to study information modeling constructs.
Changes in Sugar-Sweetened Soda Consumption, Weight, and Waist Circumference: 2-Year Cohort of Mexican Women.

Objectives. To evaluate 2-year changes in soda consumption, weight, and waist circumference.Methods. We followed 11 218 women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort from 2006 to 2008. Dietary data were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight was self-reported, and waist circumference was self-measured. We used linear regression to evaluate changes in sugar-sweetened and sugar-free soda consumption in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference, adjusting for lifestyle and other dietary factors.Results. Compared with no change, a decrease in sugar-sweetened soda consumption by more than 1 serving per week was associated with less weight gain (−0.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.6, −0.2). Conversely, relative to no change, an increase in sugar-sweetened soda by more than 1 serving per week was associated with a 0.3-kilogram (95% CI = 0.2, 0.5) increase in weight. An increase of 1 serving per day of sugar-sweetened soda was associated with a 1.0 kg (95% CI = 0.7, 1...
Mining Major Transitions of Chronic Conditions in Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions.

Objectives: Evolution of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) follows a complex stochastic process, influenced by several factors including the inter-relationship of existing conditions, and patient-level risk factors. Nearly 20% of citizens aged 18 years and older are burdened with two or more (multiple) chronic conditions (MCC). Treatment for people living with MCC currently accounts for an estimated 66% of the Nation’s healthcare costs. However, it is still not known precisely how MCC emerge and accumulate among individuals or in the general population. This study investigates major patterns of MCC transitions in a diverse population of patients and identifies the risk factors affecting the transition process. Methods: A Latent regression Markov clustering (LRMCL) algorithm is proposed to identify major transitions of four MCC that include hypertension (HTN), depression, Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and back pain. A cohort of 601,805 individuals randomly selected from the population of Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans (IAVs) who received VA care during three or more years between 2002-2015, is used for training the proposed LRMCL algorithm. Results: Two major clusters of MCC transition patterns with 78% and 22% probability of membership respectively were identified. The primary cluster demonstrated the possibility of improvement when the number of MCC is small and an increase in probability of MCC accumulation as the number of co- morbidities increased. The second cluster showed stability (no change) of MCC overtime as the major pattern. Age was the most significant risk factor associated with the most probable cluster for each IAV. Conclusions: These findings suggest that our proposed LRMCL algorithm can be used to describe and understand MCC transitions, which may ultimately allow healthcare systems to support optimal clinical decision- making. This method will be used to describe a broader range of MCC transitions in this and non-VA populations, and will add treatment information to see if models including treatments and MCC emergence can be used to support clinical decision-making in patient care.
Exploring the Impact of Brand Selfie on Brand Attitude in the Twittersphere: An Abstract

Enabled by Web 2.0 and mobile technologies, selfies have become an important social and cultural phenomenon on the Internet. Brand selfie, created and consumed by ordinary consumers in social media, is a new form of user-generated content (UGC). Brand selfies, in which the individuals are featured with brands, are of particular interest to marketers and advertisers. This paper aims to explore the impact of brand selfie on brand attitude in the Twittersphere.
A General Phenomenology for Small Clusters, However Floppy

The central topic of this Advanced Study Institute, “The Quantum Dynamics of Molecules”, is a new incarnation of a subject very old in molecular physics, the description of quantum states of molecules that do not conform strictly to traditional rigid-structure models. While the general three-body problem has been attacked successfully without reliance on this model (Kolos, Roothaan and Sack, 1960; Smith, 1960; Mayer, 1975), virtually all of the interpretation of molecular vibrational and rotational spectra has been carried out within the context of the model of rigid structures.
The Tensor Product

Having considered bilinear maps, we now come to multilinear maps and basic theorems concerning their structure. There is a universal module representing multilinear maps, called the tensor product. We derive its basic properties, and postpone to Chapter XIX the special case of alternating products. The tensor product derives its name from the use made in differential geometry, when this product is applied to the tangent space or cotangent space of a manifold. The tensor product can be viewed also as providing a mechanism for “extending the base”; that is, passing from a module over a ring to a module over some algebra over the ring. This “extension” can also involve reduction modulo an ideal, because what matters is that we are given a ring homomorphism f: A→ B, and we pass from modules over A to modules over B. The homomorphism f can be of both types, an inclusion or a canonical map with B = A/J for some ideal J, or a composition of the two.
Universal design for online education: access for all

This chapter will discuss accessibility issues related to online education. It will provide rationale for designing online courses that cater to different levels of functional ability. It will also present an overview of the challenges faced by students with disabilities in accessing and interacting with online course materials and activities. In order to address the potential barriers to full participation, national and international guidelines will be examined, with particular emphasis on their implications for specific course components. In addition, mechanisms for validation of web accessibility will be suggested and resources will be listed for those interested in obtaining further information on the topic.
Successful role of radiation therapy: Account for every single gray and make every single gray count

Abstract Combined-modality treatment involving immuno-chemotherapy with or without radiation has become the mainstay of treatment for aggressive lymphomas such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Long-term goals in the treatment of DLBCL are to keep improving the therapeutic ratio and to extend survival; these goals have been accomplished largely by (a) gaining insight into disease biology and developing biologically based criteria to guide choice of therapy, (b) avoiding unnecessarily long courses of chemotherapy, and (c) reducing both the size of the radiation fields and the radiation dose. Here I review the available literature on which clinical presentations can benefit the most from radiation; how the availability of advanced imaging has led to radical changes in the use of radiation therapy in DLBCL; and examples of best-practice radiation planning and delivery.
Biological explorations with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry

Investigation of biological processes at the single cell or subcellular level is critical in order to better understand heterogeneous cell populations. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) enables multiplexed, quantitative imaging of the elemental composition of a sample surface at high resolution (<50 nm). Through measurement of two different isotopic variants of any given element, NanoSIMS provides nanoscale isotope ratio measurements. When coupled with stable isotope tracer methods, the measurement of isotope ratios functionally illuminates biochemical pathways at suborganelle resolution. In this review, we describe the practical application of NanoSIMS to study biological processes in organisms ranging from microbes to humans, highlighting experimental applications that have provided insight that is largely unattainable by other methods.
Collaborative Creation of Engineering Artifacts by Geographically-Distributed Teams

Abstract It is common practice today for engineering development projects to be partitioned across multiple, geographically-distributed work locations, often in multiple times zones, and at times, in different countries. Underlying this practice is an implied assumption that the tools and services provided by such the electronic collaboration infrastructure (e.g., electronic mail, audio and video teleconferencing, group on-line editing, sharable file repositories, etc.) used to interconnect the people at these various sites is adequate for supporting such geographically-distributed teams, facilitating their inter-personal communications and collaboration. The goal is for collaborative work to be accomplished with little or no physical travel between these geographically-distributed work sites. In this paper, we describe research conducted to test the validity of this hypothesis, within the domain of projects intended to develop complex, software-intensive systems, of the sort used by the aerospace and energy industries. We discovered important limitations in such electronic collaboration infrastructures, which limit their ability to support such geographically-distributed collaborative development. Specifically, we found that (for large-scale complex systems development) there is evidence that such mechanisms are effective for geographically-distributed review of engineering artifacts, but that they are not effective for geographically-distributed creation of such artifacts. Understanding this distinction is therefore crucial for effective project management. Such an understanding also identifies topics for future research and development: the need to create more effective mechanisms to support the geographically-distributed creation of complex engineering artifacts. To this end, we present findings from our research on how collaborative generation of engineering artifacts occurs, what are the specific challenges that arise from various modes of geographically-distributed project implementation, and why (within the considered problem domain) current electronic collaboration infrastructure tools are not effective to support this geographically-distributed engineering creation. We conclude by postulating mechanisms and methods that are beginning to contribute to the development of effective tools for geographically-distributed creation of complex engineering artifacts.
Chemical exfoliation efficacy of semiconducting WS2 and its use in an additively manufactured heterostructure graphene–WS2–graphene photodiode

In the present work, various chemical exfoliation routes for semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) layered material WS2 are explored, which include magnetic stirring (MS), shear mixing (SM), and horn-tip (HT) sonication. Current–voltage measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were used to characterize the drop-casted WS2 nanosheets produced by these three techniques and our analysis revealed that HT sonication produced the most optimal dispersions. Heterostructure photodetector devices were then fabricated using inkjet printing of the HT sonicated dispersions of WS2 and graphene. The photodetector device performance was measured using a stream of ON/OFF light pulses generated using a red laser with wavelength λ ∼ 660 nm, and an arbitrary waveform generator. From this analysis, the photoresponsivity and detectivity of the graphene–WS2–graphene heterostructure devices were calculated to be ∼0.86 A W−1 and ∼1013 Jones, respectively. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) and C–frequency (f) measurements were also conducted, where the V was swept from –6 V to +6 V, while the change in C was measured from f ∼ 20 kHz up to 3 MHz to gain insights into the nature of the graphene–WS2 interface. From the C–V measurements, the C plateaued at ∼324.3 pF from ∼−4 V to +4 V for the lowest f of 20 kHz and it reduced to ∼200 pF from −6 V to ∼−4 V, and similarly from ∼4 V to 6 V, C was ∼190 pF. The decrease in C for V > +4 V and V < −4 V was attributed to the reduction of the interfacial barrier at the electrodes which is suggestive of a Schottky-based photodiode at the graphene–WS2 interface. A sharp decrease in C from ∼315.75 pF at 25.76 kHz to ∼23.79 pF at 480 kHz (at 0 V bias) from the C–f measurements suggests a strong effect of interface trap density on C built-up at the graphene–WS2 interface and the ensuing Schottky barrier height. Our work confirms the excellent potential of solution-cast, trilayer graphene–WS2–graphene heterostructures as a promising photodetector platform using additively manufactured inkjet printing.
Taj of the Raj: appropriating the colonial legacy of Kolkata’s Victoria Memorial Hall*

Who knows if, in centuries hence, people may not otherwise dispute about its genesis and features just as they still do about those of the Taj Mahal? – Lord Curzon (1925)When Queen Victoria passed ...
Is Idiopathic Hypersomnia a Circadian Rhythm Disorder

The pathophysiology of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unclear, but some of its clinical features suggest the possibility of circadian dysfunction. This review will provide an overview of recent studies of circadian biology that have begun to elucidate the potential role of circadian rhythm dysfunction in idiopathic hypersomnia. Clinically, people with idiopathic hypersomnia tend to have both a late chronotype and prominent sleep inertia or sleep drunkenness. Melatonin and cortisol profiles in people with IH confirm this tendency toward phase delay. More recently, it has been suggested that the night phase as defined by melatonin profile or period length as defined by BMA1 in dermal fibroblasts may also be prolonged in people with IH. Additionally, amplitude of melatonin rhythm and circadian gene expression, particularly BMAL1, PER1, and PER2, may be impaired in this disease. Clinical features, melatonin profiles, and circadian gene expression all suggest that abnormalities of the circadian system may be a contributor to the pathogenesis of IH.
Mutagenic Effects of a 2-Deoxyribonolactone-Thymine Glycol Tandem DNA Lesion in Human Cells

Tandem DNA lesions containing two contiguously damaged nucleotides are commonly formed by ionizing radiation. Their effects on replication in mammalian cells are largely unknown. Replication of isolated 2-deoxyribonolactone (L), thymine glycol (Tg), and tandem lesion 5'-LTg was examined in human cells. Although nearly 100% of Tg was bypassed in HEK 293T cells, L was a significant replication block. 5'-LTg was an even stronger replication block with 5% TLS efficiency. The mutation frequency (MF) of Tg was 3.4%, which increased to 3.9% and 4.8% in pol ι- and pol κ-deficient cells, respectively. An even greater increase in the MF of Tg (to ∼5.5%) was observed in cells deficient in both pol κ and pol ζ, suggesting that they work together to bypass Tg in an error-free manner. Isolated L bypass generated 12-18% one-base deletions, which increased as much as 60% in TLS polymerase-deficient cells. The fraction of deletion products also increased in TLS polymerase-deficient cells upon 5'-LTg bypass. In full-length products and in all cell types, dA was preferentially incorporated opposite an isolated L as well as when it was part of a tandem lesion. However, misincorporation opposite Tg increased significantly when it was part of a tandem lesion. In wild type cells, targeted mutations increased about 3-fold to 9.7% and to 17.4, 15.9, and 28.8% in pol κ-, pol ζ-, and pol ι-deficient cells, respectively. Overall, Tg is significantly more miscoding as part of a tandem lesion, and error-free Tg replication in HEK 293T cells requires participation of the TLS polymerases.
Reconsidering Jewish Rage After the Holocaust

This reading of oral histories and memoirs reveals gender differences in how survivors defined perpetrators and in how they took revenge. Male survivors tended to view German men of military age as the primary perpetrators and would take revenge against them through beatings and/or killing. Female survivors readily included German women in the category of perpetrators and took revenge against them by shaving their hair and/or beating them. Survivor narratives demonstrate that Jewish rage was a real force in the immediate postwar period. Yet, over time, some of those who had engaged in revenge, who had believed that all Germans should suffer, came to revise their opinions. In 1983s Le cinquieme fils/The Fifth Son, Wiesel reconciles these two perspectives.
Nanograined copper foil as a high-performance collector for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract The surface of a coarse-grained (CG) copper (Cu) plate was treated using ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) technology to obtain a special Cu foil with a nanograined (NG) surface and a grain size of approximately 70 nm. The obtained NG Cu foil had a rougher surface and a larger specific surface area than the original foil. As a result, the NG Cu foil displayed a higher bonding strength with graphite particles, stronger corrosion resistance to electrolytes and superior lithium storage performance than the pristine copper foil. The initial charging capacity of the NG Cu-graphite electrode (340 mAh g−1) was much higher than that of the CG Cu-graphite electrode. After 100 cycles, the capacity remained at 300 mAh g−1, corresponding to a capacity retention of 88.2% for the NG Cu-graphite electrode. These values were also much higher than those of the CG Cu-graphite electrode (which exhibited a capacity of 200 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 86.9%). The USRP of the Cu foil surface considerably improved the capacity, cycling and rate performance of the Cu-graphite electrode for lithium-ion batteries. These novel results can be used to develop large-capacity and long-life electrode collector materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Generalized symmetries and 2-groups via electromagnetic duality in AdS / CFT

We discuss how electromagnetically dualizing a 1-form to a 2-form in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}$ exchanges regular and alternate boundary conditions, and thus gauges the originally global $U(1)$ symmetry in the dual field theory. The generalized symmetry current dual to the 2-form in the bulk is identified as the dual field strength of the gauged $U(1)$, and the associated double-trace operator with a logarithmically running coupling is just the gauged $U(1)$ Maxwell action. Applying this dualization to an AdS Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory dual to a global $U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1)$ model with a 't Hooft anomaly results in a theory with a modified field strength that holographically realizes a 2-group symmetry. We explicitly carry out the holographic renormalization to verify this, and discuss the generalization to other rank fields in other dimensions.
Striatal RGS7 regulates depression-related behaviors and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference

The striatum plays a key role in both reward-related and affective behaviors and disruptions to this circuit contributes to depression and drug addiction. However, our understanding of the molecular factors that facilitate and modify these processes are incomplete. Striatal function is modulated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that process vast neuromodulatory inputs. GPCR signaling is negatively regulated by regulator of G-protein signaling (Rgs) proteins. In this study, we examine the role of striatal Rgs proteins in depressive-like and reward-related behaviors in male mice. Using a genetic mouse model with specific elimination of Rgs7 in striatal neurons we found that these mice exhibit an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like phenotype. In contrast, knock-out of Rgs9, an abundant Rgs protein in the same neuronal population did not affect the behavioral outcome in the depressive-like tests. Mice lacking striatal Rgs7 did not show significant differences in cocaine-induced psychomotor activation, sensitization or conditional place preference (CPP). Interestingly, loss of Rgs7 in the striatum made mice resilient to stress-induced but not drug-induced reinstatement of cocaine CPP. Analysis of striatal proteome revealed that loss of Rgs7 selectively affected expression of several networks, most prominently including proteins involved in translation and vesicular exocytosis. Together, these findings begin to demonstrate the specific contribution of Rgs7 acting in the striatum toward depression as it relates to stress-induced reinstatement of drug use.
The Effect of Households’ Student Debt on Life Satisfaction

This study finds a negative effect of holding student-loan debt on the life satisfaction of household heads using longitudinal data from the 2011 to 2017 U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics and a fixed-effects modeling approach. Although debt is taken to improve future utility, it provides disutility to the head of household until it is paid off. Thus, financial planners and educators should remind their clients about the consequences of holding student-loan debt in the short term, not just the future benefits.
Timira, romanzo meticcio e stratificato:

L’articolo esamina il romanzo Timira, scritto da Antar Mohamed Marincola e Wu Ming 2 e pubblicato nel 2012. Ci concentriamo su due macrotemi: la marginalita spaziale e culturale rappresentata nel l...
Who Benefits from Surge Pricing

In the last decade, new technologies have led to a boom in real-time pricing. I analyze the most salient example, surge pricing in ride hailing. Using data from Uber, I develop an empirical model of spatial equilibrium to measure the welfare effects of surge pricing. The model is composed of demand, supply, and a matching technology. It allows for temporal and spatial heterogeneity as well as randomness in supply and demand. I find that, relative to a counterfactual with uniform pricing, surge pricing increases total welfare by 1.59% of gross revenue. Welfare effects differ substantially across sides of the market: rider surplus increases by 5.25% of gross revenue, whereas driver surplus and platform profits decrease by 1.81% and 1.77% of gross revenue, respectively. Riders at all income levels benefit, while disparities in driver surplus are magnified.
Modelling Net Loan Loss with Bayesian and Frequentist Regression Analysis.

We create two distinct nonlinear regression models relating net loan loss (as an outcome) to several other financial and sociological quantities. We consider these data for the time interval between April 1st 2011 and April 1st 2020. We also include temporal quantities (month and year) in our model to improve accuracy. One model follows the frequentist paradigm for nonlinear regression, while the other follows the Bayesian paradigm. By using the two methods, we obtain a rounded understanding of the relationship between net loan losses and our given financial, sociological, and temporal variables, improving our ability to make financial predictions regarding the profitability of loan allocation.
Comparison of five chickpea varieties, optimization of hydrolysates production and evaluation of biomarkers for type 2 diabetes

Abstract The objective was to compare five varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), sequence the peptides obtained with pepsin-pancreatin digestion, and evaluate their potential as modulators of biochemical markers for type-2 diabetes. In addition, to produce a functional ingredient, by the optimization in the production of hydrolysates using bromelain. Proteins of ground raw, precooked and cooked chickpea, were extracted, isolated, and characterized using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. Hydrolysates were obtained by simulated digestion with pepsin-pancreatin, and resulting peptides were sequenced with LC-MSMS. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the production of hydrolysates with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibition using bromelain. Protein profiles showed fractions of convicilin (>70 kDa), 7S vicilin (43–53 kDa), 11S legumin (35 kDa) and lectins (30–32 kDa) in raw varieties. Albumin fractions 2S (20–26 kDa) were still present in most varieties after 2 h of heat treatment. DPPIV IC50 values from digestive enzymes were better (0.17–2.21 mg/mL) in raw chickpea than in cooked chickpea. α-Glucosidase inhibition at 10 mg protein/mL was highest (32–66%) in precooked chickpea hydrolysates. Hydrolysis with bromelain showed a DPPIV inhibition of 94% for Sierra variety cooked for 15 min with 1:10 E/S ratio and hydrolysis time of 60 min. Peptides with DPPIV inhibition were present from albumin fractions (EVLSEVSF) with 908.44 Da and high hydrophobicity; and from legumin (VVFW, FDLPAL) with 549.29 and 674.36 Da, respectively. In conclusion, high DDPIV inhibition can be obtained from chickpea bromelain hydrolysates, with potential as ingredients in different food applications.
A Model-Based Approach for an Optimal Maintenance Strategy

In this paper we introduce a novel model-based reliability analysis methodology to guide the best maintenance practices for the different components in complex engineered systems. We have developed a tool that allows the system designer to explore the consequences of different design choices, and to assess the effects of faults and wear on critical components as a result of usage or age. The tool uses pre-computed simulations of usage scenarios for which performance metrics can be computed as functions of system configurations and faulty/worn components. These simulations make use of damage maps, which estimate component degradation as a function of usage or age. This allows the designer to determine the components and their respective fault modes that are critical w.r.t. the performance requirements of the design. Given a design configuration, the tool is capable of providing a ranked list of critical fault modes and their individual contributions to the likelihood of failing the different performance requirements. From this initial analysis it is possible to determine the components that have little to no effect on the probabilityof the system meeting its performance requirements. These components are likely candidates for reactive maintenance. Other component faults may affect the performance over the short or long run. Given a limit for allowable failure risk, it is possible to compute the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) for each of those fault modes. These time intervals, grouped by component or Line Replaceable Units (LRUs), are aggregated to develop a preventive maintenance schedule. The most critical faults may be candidates for Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM). For these cases, the specific fault Bhaskar Saha et. al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. modes considered for CBM also guide sensor selection and placement.
PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns in WTC-exposed and non-WTC-exposed firefighters

BACKGROUND Firefighting has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health conditions. We previously found that among Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster, higher-intensity WTC-exposure predicted PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns. The present study aims to compare these symptoms in the FDNY WTC-exposed cohort versus a comparison cohort of non-FDNY, non-WTC-exposed firefighters. METHODS The study population included WTC-exposed male firefighters from FDNY (N = 8466) and non-WTC-exposed male firefighters from Chicago (N = 1195), Philadelphia (N = 770), and San Francisco (N = 650) fire departments who were employed on 9/11/2001 and completed a health questionnaire between 3/1/2018 and 12/31/2020. Current PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns were assessed via validated screening instruments. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by fire department estimated the impact of covariates on each outcome. RESULTS Adjusted mean PTSD symptom scores ranged from 23.5 ± 0.6 in Chicago firefighters to 25.8 ± 0.2 in FDNY, and adjusted mean depressive symptom scores ranged from 7.3 ± 0.5 in Chicago to 9.4 ± 0.6 in Philadelphia. WTC-exposure was associated with fewer subjective cognitive concerns (β = -0.69 ± 0.05, p < .001) after controlling for covariates. Across cohorts, older age was associated with more cognitive concerns, but fewer PTSD and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS WTC-exposed firefighters had fewer cognitive concerns compared with non-WTC-exposed firefighters. We were unable to estimate associations between WTC exposure and PTSD symptoms or depressive symptoms due to variability between non-WTC-exposed cohorts. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to assess PTSD, depressive, and cognitive symptom trajectories in firefighter populations as they age.