cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two case reports of synchronous unilateral pleomorphic adenoma and cystadenolymphoma of the parotid gland with literature review.

Background: Synchronous unilateral tumors in the parotid glands account for less than 5-10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Mostly these are cystadenolymphomas, but tumors of different histological types can be found as well. In these cases it is often pleomorphic adenoma in combination with cystadenolymphoma. Ultrasound is the first choice imaging modality. Case report: We present two patients with two simultaneous tumors in a unilateral parotid gland. In each case, B-mode ultrasound showed two hypoechoic masses, one of which was predominantly cystic. The subsequent use of Virtual Touch Imaging Quantification (VTIQ) showed tumors of elastic tissue. After a parotidectomy, both cases were diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma combined with cystadenolymphoma. Conclusion: The combination of B-mode ultrasound and VTIQ is an important diagnostic modality and may improve diagnostic accuracy to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Every clinician should be aware of the co-existence of different histological types of tumors in unilateral salivary glands. Background: Synchronous unilateral tumors in the parotid glands account for less than 5–10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Mostly these are cystadenolymphomas, but tumors of different histological types can be found as well. In these cases it is often pleomorphic adenoma in combination with cystadenolymphoma. Ultrasound is the first choice imaging modality. Case report: We present two patients with two simultaneous tumors in a unilateral parotid gland. In each case, B-mode ultrasound showed two hypoechoic masses, one of which was predominantly cystic. The subsequent use of Virtual Touch Imaging Quantification (VTIQ) showed tumors of elastic tissue. After a parotidectomy, both cases were diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma combined with cystadenolymphoma. Conclusion: The combination of B-mode ultrasound and VTIQ is an important diagnostic modality and may improve diagnostic accuracy to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Every clinician should be aware of the co-existence of different histological types of tumors in unilateral salivary glands.
FRI0620 Low educational attainment is associated with poor patient status at the initial visit of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) at the initial visit to a rheumatology setting, with similar patterns in patients with either diagnosis

Background: Low educational attainment is associated with a higher prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (J Chronic Dis 1985; 38:973–84) and osteoarthritis (OA) (J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:139–47). These associations often are attributed to limited access of disadvantaged people to medical services (Ann Intern Med 1998;129:412–6), although some have suggested that these differences are explained primarily by differences in patient self-management (Ann Intern Med 1998;129:406–11). Objectives: To study clinical status of patients with RA or OA, all of whom had access to rheumatology care, at their initial visit. Methods: All patients with all diagnoses seen at an academic rheumatology site complete a self-report multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) at each visit. MDHAQ includes 3 0–10 scales for physical function (FN), pain (PN) and global assessment (PATGL), compiled into a 0–30 routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID3). Patient-reported FN, PN, PATGL and RAPID3 were compared in new patients with a primary diagnosis of either RA (n=66) or OA (n=66) at a first visit in 3 groups according to years of formal education, 12 years, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Mean MDHAQ scores were quite similar in OA vs RA, and varied similarly according to education level (table 1). In all patients, mean RAPID3 was 15.4 in OA vs 15.3 in RA; in those with 12 years, 14.0 in OA vs 13.7 in RA (p=0.11 for OA, p=0.04 for RA) (table 1). FN scores were 3.9 in both groups with 12 years of education (p=0.02 for OA, p=0.08 for RA). PN scores were 7.3 and 8.5 for OA vs RA with 12 years of education (p=0.69 for OA, p=0.02 for RA). PATGL was 7.0 vs 7.4 for OA vs RA with 12 years of education (p=0.14 for OA, p=0.12 for RA). Conclusions: Low education was associated with RAPID3 and all component scores similarly in RA and OA. Differences according to formal education level were greater than by diagnosis, which were negligible. These variations do not appear attributable to differences in access to medical services. Disclosure of Interest: J. Schmukler: None declared, I. Castrejon: None declared, T. Pincus Shareholder of: Dr. Pincus holds a copyright and trademark on MDHAQ and RAPID3 for which he receives royalties and license fees. All revenue is used to support further development of quantitative questionnaire measures for patients and doctors in clinical rheumatology care., J. Block: None declared
Improving the Physical Layer Security of the Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most promising technological revolutions. However, the IoT is inherently vulnerable to attacks. In this paper, we propose to enhance the physical layer security of the IoT by using a technique called information passing and interference addition. In the physical layer security analysis, the achieved secrecy rate has an inverse relationship with the intruder’s distance to the legitimate transmitter. The aim of our work is, first to increase the achievable secrecy rate by letting the legitimate transmitter find an alternative route to the fusion center to achieve a higher secrecy rate than the direct route. Hence, the legitimate transmitter must not disclose the actual information to the fusion center if there is an eavesdropper located between them, instead, it must pass the information to another node via a directional antenna to concentrate the power towards the intended receiving node. Passing the information to the nearest node must be done under the condition that there is no intruder in between. Second, we used simultaneous multi-stream beamforming transmission to strengthen the legitimate receiver’s signal-to-noise ratios and at the same time, it poisons the eavesdropper channel with interference. Third, the proposed node may disclose a false information to the intruder in some cases. The system has been designed and the secrecy analysis of the system has been investigated. The result showed that using directional antennas would increase the probability of having at least one secure connection coming out of the node to the other legitimate nodes by 30% than the omni antenna. Moreover, the results showed that using the simultaneous multi-stream beamforming would improve the legitimate channel’s achievable secrecy rate and that it has superiority over the directional antenna effect.
Social Innovation Through Development Franchising: Compensating for a Lack of Entrepreneurial Expertise and Connecting to Formal Supply Chains

Promoting entrepreneurship through microenterprise has become a popular strategy for poverty alleviation and economic development. However, not all would-be entrepreneurs have the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in new venture creation. Furthermore, microenterprises often function within the confines of the informal economy, with limited access to formal supply chains. As one potential solution for overcoming these two major challenges, we propose that development franchising – franchising that begins at a micro scale in developing economies – can be employed as a social innovation. Regarding entrepreneurial expertise, recent research has shown that franchisees in the United States more closely resemble non-entrepreneurs than entrepreneurial experts, implying that the franchise business model may compensate for a franchisee’s lack of entrepreneurial expertise. In a development context, franchising can also serve as an effective means of helping subsistence entrepreneurs access formal supply chains – increasing opportunities for scaling, growth, and further job creation. Two case examples illustrate the potential of development franchising in overcoming some of the major challenges faced by traditional microenterprise strategies.
A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Creator-Consumer Information Interaction Behaviors in Healthcare Documentation Systems

The advent of electronic documentation systems has made it easy to generate and store vast amounts of information, and has enabled easy access to patient care information, so much so that they are now considered a critical infrastructure for supporting the cognitive tasks in healthcare work. But, electronic documentation systems are not without their share of problems. Accountability and liability requirements have made electronic information creation and documentation particularly challenging. Mandatory documentation requirements and templated electronic formats have increased the amount of information, but have not always resulted in reliable, useful, or meaningful information. Documentation systems have become rigid, offering little opportunity for healthcare providers to engage in meaningful conversations about the information, and to sense problem status without additional coordination. A particularly significant information interaction problem that we have identified from our field work in healthcare information modeling, which this paper focuses on, deals with what we term creator-consumer interaction behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to examine in-depth the problem of creator-consumer information interaction behaviors in electronic healthcare documentation systems. A creator-consumer interaction behavioral framework highlights satisficing behavior during creation and consumption of medical documentation, and the characteristics of the work system that may lead to satisficing on documentation tasks.
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Safely and Effectively Reduces Transfusion Rates in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties.

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been well established. However, there have been limited data for revision TKAs. The primary aim was to assess the impact of intravenous TXA on transfusion rates and symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in a large revision TKA cohort with or without intravenous TXA utilization. METHODS A retrospective review of revision TKAs performed from 2005 to 2014 was performed, identifying 2,951 procedures (2,219 patients), in which TXA was utilized in 1,144 procedures (39%). The mean age was 65 years with 52% female patients in the TXA revision group and 67 years with 52% female patients in the non-TXA revision group. Transfusion rates and symptomatic VTEs were the primary outcomes assessed. Comparisons were performed between cohorts, utilizing a unique propensity model to mitigate bias, on the basis of TXA use and subsequently for aseptic or septic revision etiology. RESULTS Significant reductions in transfusion rates with use of TXA were identified in revision TKAs overall (13% compared with 39%; p < 0.001 [adjusted relative risk, 1.7]), including revisions for both aseptic etiology (6% with TXA compared with 28% without TXA; p < 0.001) and septic etiology (31% with TXA compared with 54% without TXA; p < 0.001). The risk of a postoperative symptomatic VTE was not significantly different (adjusted p = 0.63) with use of TXA at 11 events (1.0%) compared with 24 events (1.3%) in the non-TXA group). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous TXA significantly reduced transfusion rates in revision TKAs by approximately twofold, including cohorts revised for aseptic and septic etiologies. There was a very low rate of VTEs (1.2%) with no significant difference in the number of VTEs between groups after adjusting risk utilizing propensity modeling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Stealing fame: lifestyle celebrity and the dubious cultural politics of Sofia Coppola's The Bling Ring

In this essay, I theorize the lifestyle celebrity as a figure whose fame is premised on their aspirational status. I offer lifestyle celebrity as a complementary analytic to ordinary celebrity that...
Isradipine enhancement of virtual reality cue exposure for smoking cessation: Rationale and study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death in the United States, contributing to over 480,000 deaths each year. Although significant strides have been made in the development of effective smoking cessation treatments, most established interventions are associated with high relapse rates. One avenue for increasing the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions is to design focused, efficient, and rigorous experiments testing engagement of well-defined mechanistic targets. Toward this aim, the current protocol will apply a pharmacologic augmentation strategy informed by basic research in animal models of addiction. Our goal is to evaluate the enhancing effect of isradipine, an FDA-approved calcium channel blocker, on the extinction of craving—a key mechanism of drug relapse after periods of abstinence. To activate craving robustly in human participants, we will use multimodal smoking cues including novel 360° video environments developed for this project and delivered through consumer virtual reality headsets. Adult smokers will take either isradipine or placebo and complete the cue exposure protocol in a double-blind randomized control trial. In order to test the hypothesis that isradipine will enhance retention of craving extinction, participants will repeat cue exposure 24 h later without the administration of isradipine or placebo. The study will be implemented in a primary care setting where adult smokers receive healthcare, and smoking behavior will be tracked throughout the trial with ecological momentary assessment.
Influence of amino acids on thermal stability and heat-set gelation of bovine serum albumin.

Abstract This study investigated the parallels in the influence of amino acid additives on thermal denaturation temperature (Td) and heat-set gelation of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Complete denaturation of BSA occurred only when the gelation temperature (TG) was 14 °C above Td. Under these conditions, the relative effects of various amino acid additives on elevation of Td and gel strength followed a particular order. Further, while zwitterionic amino acids increased both the strength of junction zones and participation of protein in the gel network, sucrose increased the gel strength primarily by strengthening the existing junction zone. The net increase in Td of BSA was linearly correlated with the net increase in gel strength (ΔGS), indicating that the underlying molecular mechanism in both cases might be same. The results suggest that the rheological properties of protein gels can be enhanced by using amino acids, instead of polyols and sugars, as additives.
Choice of imaging modality for pre-treatment staging of head and neck cancer impacts TNM staging.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to determine whether there is a difference in the sensitivity of chest computed tomography (CT) versus 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with low-dose nonenhanced CT (18F-FDG PET/CT or PET/CT) in the detection of distant metastases in head and neck cancer, within a tertiary care setting. Materials and methods Patients with head and neck cancer, and known distant metastases, who underwent both 18F-FDG PET/CT with integrated low-dose nonenhanced CT and diagnostic chest CT prior to initiation of therapy from 2008 to 2017 were included. Two head and neck radiologists, blinded to all patient information and to each other's readings, reviewed the PET/CT or CT chest images for each patient and identified whether distant metastases were present. No radiologist read both modalities for a single patient. Concordance between imaging modalities was quantitatively analyzed using McNemar's test. Results 27 patients were included. McNemar's mid p-value analysis showed no significant difference in the detection of distant metastases (p = .6875). However, PET/CT detected distant metastases in three patients that chest CT did not, while chest CT identified distant metastatic disease in two patients that were negative on PET/CT. Conclusions While this study did not identify a statistically significant difference in sensitivity, five patients had distant metastases identified on only one of the two modalities. Use of a single modality would have resulted in inaccurate staging in 7–11% of patients in our study. The use of both modalities offers the greatest accuracy when providing stage-adapted oncologic treatment.
Impact of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service on plant pathology: 2015 - 2020.

There is an increasing need to supply the world with more food as the population continues to grow. Research on mitigating the effects of plant diseases to improve crop yield and quality can help provide more food without increasing the land area devoted to farming. National Program 303 (NP 303) within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service is dedicated to research across multiple fields in plant pathology. This review article highlights the research impact within NP 303 between 2015 and 2020, including case studies on wheat and citrus diseases and the National Plant Disease Recovery System, which provide specific examples of this impact.
Elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine induces adipocyte dysfunction to promote alcohol-associated liver steatosis.

It has been previously shown that chronic ethanol administration-induced increase in adipose tissue lipolysis and reduction in the secretion of protective adipokines collectively contribute to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathogenesis. Further studies have revealed that increased adipose S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels generate methylation defects that promote lipolysis. Here, we hypothesized that increased intracellular SAH alone causes additional related pathological changes in adipose tissue as seen with alcohol administration. To test this, we used 3-deazaadenosine (DZA), which selectively elevates intracellular SAH levels by blocking its hydrolysis. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated in vitro for 48 h with DZA and analysed for lipolysis, adipokine release and differentiation status. DZA treatment enhanced adipocyte lipolysis, as judged by lower levels of intracellular triglycerides, reduced lipid droplet sizes and higher levels of glycerol and free fatty acids released into the culture medium. These findings coincided with activation of both adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase. DZA treatment also significantly reduced adipocyte differentiation factors, impaired adiponectin and leptin secretion but increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, TNF and MCP-1. Together, our results demonstrate that elevation of intracellular SAH alone by DZA treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes induces lipolysis and dysregulates adipokine secretion. Selective elevation of intracellular SAH by DZA treatment mimics ethanol’s effects and induces adipose dysfunction. We conclude that alcohol-induced elevations in adipose SAH levels contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of ALD.
Ties that bind and blur: financialization and the evolution of sovereign debt as private contract

The rich scholarship on the politics and finance of sovereign debt tends to take for granted debt’s most basic form: as a private contract. Nevertheless, legal challenges have been central to the contemporary evolution of sovereign debt dynamics thanks to litigating strategies rendered possible by — mostly standard — contractual stipulations in international sovereign bonds. By using a debt-as-private-contract lens, the paper highlights how exposed sovereign debtors present themselves to these global transactions, how foreign sovereign bond contracts anchor otherwise footloose finance in particular jurisdictions, and how contractual changes sparked by outlier cases of protracted litigation or recent turbulence in debt exchanges have been key to global efforts to reform debt governance around market-based parameters. The legal battle between Argentina and its holdout creditors in US courts is analyzed here to illustrate these dynamics given its significance in sparking contractual revisions. Ultimately, it is clear that credit and contract are inextricably linked. Contractual evolution is revealing of the legal risks taken on by sovereign debtors and their creditors in private markets. The cost of debt hence may go beyond relatively predictable financial calculations.
Insights into second language reading : a cross-linguistic approach

This critical volume, provides an in-depth analysis of second language reading's multiple dimensions.The paperback edition describes the complexity of reading and explains how reading differs in a first and second language. The book is broad in scope, covering all major aspects of the reading process and synthesizing all current reading research. The author provides a cross-linguistic orientation, explaining how first and second languages can mutually facilitate one another. This important volume offers strategies for enhancing literary acquisition, second-language learning and bilingual processing, and will serve as a valuable guide for graduate students, professors, researchers and foreign language teachers.
Inform, Don't Let Them Guess

(1968). Inform, Don't Let Them Guess. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 42-42.
Research status and prospect of space metrology

Here discuss the concept of Space Metrology, that is to assure unified system of unit and to guarantee an accurate and reliable measured value in space work which out of earth. For science aspect, the basic unit, such as time and frequency, length, temperature, electricity, and mass definitions need redefine. For technology and management aspect, measurement in long-time running on-orbit spacecrafts and space station, need re-calibrate periodically. The development situation of space metrology is introduced here. The development trends of space metrology are put forward as physical metric study, calibration in simulation space environment, standard in space, calibration for on-orbit sensors, gas sensors, and remote sensing, black box for standard transport, and space management.
Symbolic Techniques in Propositional Satisfiability Solving

Search-based techniques in propositional satisfiability (SAT) solving have been enormously successful, leading to what is becoming known as the "SAT Revolution". Essentially all state-of-the-art SAT solvers are based on the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) technique, augmented with backjumping and conflict learning. Much of current research in this area involves refinements and extensions of the DPLL technique. Yet, due to the impressive success of DPLL, little effort has gone into investigating alternative techniques. This work focuses on symbolic techniques for SAT solving, with the aim of stimulating a broader research agenda in this area.
Meta-design: expanding boundaries and redistributing control in design

Meta-design is an emerging conceptual framework aimed at defining and creating socio-technical environments as living entities. It extends existing design methodologies focused on the development of a system at design time by allowing users to become co-designers at use time. Meta-design is grounded in the basic assumption that future uses and problems cannot be completely anticipated at design time, when a system is developed. Users, at use time, will discover mismatches between their needs and the support that an existing system can provide for them. Meta-design extends boundaries by supporting users as active contributors who can transcend the functionality and content of existing systems. By facilitating these possibilities, control is distributed among all stakeholders in the design process. This paper characterizes different design methodologies and identifies the unique challenges and opportunities for meta-design. It illustrates this approach with two examples: (a) Web2Gether (enriching the organizational practices and community building of assistive technology teachers), and (b) the Memory Aiding Prompting System (MAPS) (addressing the needs of people with cognitive disabilities and their caregivers). Assessments of our developments are used to identify some future implications and challenges for meta-design and its role in socially responsible design.
Activated JAK-STAT Pathway by IL-6 Mediates Macrophage-induced Angiotensinogen Augmentation in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells

The development of angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension involves increased infiltration of macrophages (MΦ) into the kidney and consequent elevation of intrarenal cytokines including inte...
Optimal linear interpolation coding for server-based computing

Due to its reduced administrative costs and better resource utilization, server-based computing (SBC) is becoming a popular approach for delivering computational services across a network. In SBC, all application processing is done on servers while only screen updates are sent to clients. While many SBC encoding techniques have been explored for transmitting screen updates efficiently, existing approaches do not effectively support multimedia applications. To address this problem, we propose optimal linear interpolation (OLI), a new pixel-based SBC screen update coding algorithm. With OLI, the server selects and transmits only a small sample of pixels to represent a screen update. The client recovers the complete screen update from these samples using piecewise linear interpolation to achieve the best visual quality. OLI can be used to provide lossless or lossy compression for an adaptive trade-off between network bandwidth and processing time requirements. We further propose and evaluate 2D lossless linear interpolation (2DLI), which is based on OLI but additionally provides lower encoding complexity for lossless compression. Our experimental results show that when compared with other compression methods, 2DLI provides good data compression ratio with modest computational overhead, for both servers and clients.
Reconstitution of T-cell function in severe combined immunodeficiency disease following transplantation of early embryonic liver cells.

In a 5 1/2-month-old male infant with adenosine deaminase-positive severe combined immunodeficiency disease, who had no suitable bone marrow donor, immunologic reconstitution was attempted with lymphoid cells obtained from the liver of a 4- to 5-week-old-male human embryo. A mild graft-versus-host reaction began three weeks later. T-cells, which were absent prior to infusion of hepatic lymphoid cells, rose to a maximum of 554/mm 3 at 16 weeks post transplantation. A normal lymphocyte response to pokeweek mitogen was not present until 25 to 30 weeks and to allogeneic cells until 39 weeks. Positive in vitro lymphocyte responses to Candida albicans were found repeatedly after 52 weeks. Twenty months following transplantation the patient is free of clinical infection, although he requires regular injections of gamma globulin.
The two‐person unconscious: Intersubjective dialogue, enactive relational representation, and the emergence of new forms of relational organization

(1999). The two‐person unconscious: Intersubjective dialogue, enactive relational representation, and the emergence of new forms of relational organization. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 19, Attachment Research and Psychoanalysis: 1. Theoretical Considerations, pp. 576-617.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TWO SPECIES OF MAGNUSIA. II. EFFECT OF HUMIDITY ON CONIDIAL GERMINATION, GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION

IN THE previous paper dealing with the effects of temperature on spore germination, growth andreproduction, the writer ( 1941 ) pointed out that desiccation had a marked influence both on the germination of the spores and on the growth of Magnu-sia nitida Sacc. and Ml. brachytricha Ames. As a result, experiments were made to discover the degree of humidity necessary for the activity of these two fungi and to determine the limits at which germination, growth and reproduction would take place. EFFECT OF HUMIDITY ON CONIDIAL GERMINATION. -For this study, potato-rat dung agar as described in the previous paper was used as a substratusn, the agar being placed on cover glasses which were then inoculated with the conidia, inverted, and sealed to Van Tieghem cells containing various percentages of sulphuric acid, according to the procedure outlined by Stevens (1916). Three slides of each species for each relative humidity, placed in a constant temperature oven at 320C., were examined at hourly intervals up to twelve hours, and then at twentyfour, forty-eight, and one hundred hours. The number of conidia per slide averaged 200, the two extremes being 150 and 250. The relative humidities used in the first series were as follows: 100, 91.2, 80.6, 70.4, 60.7, 49.0, and 29.5 per cent; and in the two additional series were 100, 99.5, 99.1, 98.7, 98.2, 97.5, 95.6, and 93.9 per cent. The results of the first series of experiments, in which the wider range of relative humidities was employed, demonstrated that the conidia of both M. nitida and M. brachytricha germinated at or near 100 per cent relative humidity, with only one slide germinating at the next lower humidity of 91.2 per cent where at the end of fifty hours no conidia had germinated, but at the end of one hundred hours the spores of M. brachytricha on one slide showed a germination of 23.8 per cent. The range for conidial germination was, therefore, somewhere above a relative humidity of 91.2 per, cent. When examined under the microscope, it was seen that the conidia kept at humidities under 91.2 per cent had lost water, as was shown by their reduced size, and conidia maintained in an atmosphere of 70.4 per cent relative humidity or lower were definitely collapsed and smaller in size than those above 70.4 per cent relative humiditv. The results of the two additional series of experiments are shown in figure 1. As is obvious from the
Arsenic speciation by micellar liquid chromatogrpahy with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection

Four environmentally and biologically important arsenic species, dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), As(III) and As(V) are separated by micellar liquid chromatography. Linear dynamic ranges for the four species are three orders of magnitude and detection limits are in the picogram range with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection. This paper discusses in detail the development of the chromatographic conditions. The micellar mobile phase, which consisted of 0.05 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 10% propanol and 0.02 M borate buffer, showed good compatibility with ICP-MS. This method allowed direct injection of urine samples onto the chromatographic system without extensive pretreatment and presented no interference from chlorine in the matrix. Detection limits are comparable with other LC-ICP-MS studies. An SRM urine sample was used to demonstrate the applicability of this technique to “real-life” situations. Results indicated that DMA, MMA and As(V) were present in the urine sample.
The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on the association between active cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer

Background Studies published prior to 1980 failed to find an association between smoking and colorectal cancer, while subsequent studies reported an association after accounting for a three to four decade initiation period. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of accounting for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on the association between smoking and colorectal cancer and to determine the association between SHS and colorectal cancer.
Data processing through optical interfaces

Herein, we propose a physical process inspired routing that routes data from a high-bandwidth data port to multiple processing tiles. Our routing is named magnetic based routing (MBR); data is "attracted" toward the processing tiles that need the data and is "repulsed" from other data flows.
Hyperoxia exposure in mechanically ventilated primates with and without previous lung injury.

The response of the injured lung to hyperoxia is uncertain. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of 100% oxygen exposure for 120–168 h in mechanically ventilated baboons with or without previous diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) induced by oleic acid. These two groups were compared with another group of six baboons previously studied in our laboratory in which DAD induced with oleic acid was followed by ventilation with 40% oxygen.Oleic acid infusion caused a prompt reduction in total lung capacity, static compliance, and diffusion capacity and an increase in lung tissue volume. The magnitude and course of oleic acid lung injury was similar for 4 days in animals breathing 100% or 40% O2. Animals breathing 100% O2 without previous lung injury developed significant decreases in total lung capacity, oxygenation, and diffusion capacity after 72 h of hyperoxia. By 120 h, lung function was similarly impaired in both 100% O2-breathing groups, and rapidly worsening pulmonary edema appeared radiographically ...
Study of Electrochemical Inactivity of Nanocomposites Generated Using High-Energy Mechanical Milling

High-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) has been used to generate electrochemically active-inactive nanocomposite anodes for Li-ion applications. However, prolonged milling renders the nanocomposites electrochemically inactive. The causes of electrochemical capacity loss after prolonged HEMM have been studied using different analytical and experimental techniques comprising impedance spectroscopy, four-point probe measurements, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction. The electrical resistivity of the Si/TiN nanocomposites remained unaltered within error even after milling for 18 h. An electrochemically inactive electrode of Si/TiN composite obtained after milling Si and TiN for 9 h exhibited a fivefold increase in charge-transfer resistance (R c t ≅ 580 Ω) in comparison to an electrochemically active electrode (R c t ≅ 130 Ω) obtained after milling for 6 h based on the impedance analysis. The chemical and thermodynamic stability of the Si/TiN system has been confirmed through HRTEM and high-temperature stability experiments. HRTEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses results reveal that some of the Si is embedded in the Si/TiN nanocomposite obtained after prolonged milling. All these results suggest that embedding of Si leads to the electrochemical inactivity of the nanocomposites obtained from prolonged HEMM.
Substituted 4-hydroxyproline di- and tri-peptides as cytotoxic agents.

4-Hydroxyproline di- and tri-peptides and N-cbz-hydroxypropylglycinamides were observed to be potent cytotoxic agents against the growth of suspended single cells, L-1210, Tmolt3, and HeLa-S3. The agents were not as potent against the growth of cultured solid tumor cells. Selected derivatives were investigated for their mode of action in Tmolt3 leukemia cells. The compounds selectively inhibited DNA synthesis at 50 and 100smM. The target site of action of the agents appeared to be the purinede novo pathway with marked inhibition of the activities of the two regulatory enzymes of the pathway, i.e. PRPP amido-transferase and IMP dehydrogenase. d[NTP] pools were reduced by the agents consistent with their overall reduction of DNA synthesis. Other marginally inhibited targets of the agents were r-RNA polymerase and TMP-kinase activities. The DNA molecule itself did not appear to be a target of these agents.
Plasma for Modification of Polymers

Abstract The effect of nonpolymer-forming plasma (e.g., plasma of hydrogen, helium, argon, nitrogen) can be viewed as the following two reactions: 1) reaction of active species with polymer, and 2) formation of free radicals in polymer which is mainly due to the UV emitted by the plasma. The incorporation of nitrogen into the polymer surface by N2 plasma and the surface oxidation by O2 plasma are typical examples of the first effect. The latter effect generally leads to incorporation of oxygen in the form of carbonyl and hydroxyl and to some degree of cross-linking depending on the type of substrate; however, the degradation of polymer at the surface manifested by weight loss occurs in nearly all cases when polymers are exposed to plasma for a prolonged period of time. The effects of polymer-forming plasma is predominated by the deposition of polymer (plasma polymer); however, with some plasma-susceptible polymer substrates the effect of UV emission from polymer-forming plasma cannot be neglected. The mec...
Maximum likelihood estimation for the proportional hazards model with partly interval-censored data

Summary. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the proportional hazards model with partly interval-censored data is studied. Under appropriate regularity conditions, the MLEs of the regression parameter and the cumulative hazard function are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. Two methods to estimate the variance-covariance matrix of the MLE of the regression parameter are considered, based on a generalized missing information principle and on a generalized profile information procedure. Simulation studies show that both methods work well in terms of the bias and variance for samples of moderate size. An example illustrates the methods.
When Does Race Matter in College Friendships? Exploring Men's Diverse and Homogeneous Friendship Groups

This qualitative study explores how male students from different racial backgrounds experience racial diversity within racially diverse or homogeneous friendship groups. Based on an inductive analysis of purposive interviews, the author found that diverse friendships among men may result from both an attitude of intentionality with regard to diversity as well as a complete dismissal of difference. Similarly, racial homogeneity among friends is not always intentional, nor does it necessarily lead to racial isolation.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A Technique For Atomic Detection And Molecular Identification

We have been examining the emission spectra from laser-induced breakdown plasmas as a technique for atomic identification. The concept is straightforward and the apparatus simple (see Fig. 1); the plasma is a bright source requiring little subtlety to resolve. By adding time resolution to the detector, one moves from LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) to TRELIBS (Time-Resolved LIBS) and for most cases gains considerable sensitivity. Our applications have mostly been aimed at the detection of trace constituents. The only previous use of this technique of which we are aware was a measurement of the fuel/air ratios in combustion.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Proteolysis and transition-state-analogue binding of mutant forms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Trypsin digestion reduces the sizes of both the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Incubation of either CO2/Mg2+ -activated or nonactivated enzyme with the transition-state analogue carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate protects a trypsin-sensitive site of the large subunit, but not of the small subunit. Incubation of the nonactivated enzyme with ribulosebisphosphate (RuBP) provided the same degree of protection. Thus, the very tight binding that is a characteristic of the transitionstate analogue is apparently not required for the protection of the trypsin-sensitive site of the large subunit. Mutant enzymes that have reduced CO2/O2 specificities failed to bind carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate tightly. However, their large-subunit trypsin-sensitive sites could still be protected. The K m values for RuBP were not significantly changed for the mutant enzymes, but the V max values for carboxylation were reduced substantially. These results indicate that the failure of the mutant enzymes to bind the transition-state analogue tightly is primarily the consequence of an impairment in the second irreversible binding step. Thus, in all of the mutant enzymes, defects appear to exist in stabilizing the transition state of the carboxylation step, which is precisely the step proposed to influence the CO2/O2 specificity of Rubisco.
Factors associated with student nurses' intent to provide physical and psychosocial care to persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

This project examined the influence of selected factors on student nurses' intent to provide physical and psychosocial care to persons hospitalized with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Respondents were 125 undergraduate upper division nursing majors attending a state-supported university. Questionnaires were distributed to student mailboxes and were returned anonymously through the United States Postal Service. All factors were correlated with intent to provide physical care and with intent to provide psychosocial care using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. For both intention scales, attitude toward a person with AIDS acquired through homosexual activity and attitude toward a person with AIDS acquired through sharing needles were positively related to intent to provide care. Homophobia, fear of AIDS, and perceived susceptibility toward acquiring human immunodeficiency virus from providing care were inversely related. These findings are useful for designing programs that promote the delivery of compassionate nursing care to persons with AIDS.
Effects of Boning Time, Mechanical Tenderization and Partial Replacement of Sodium Chloride on the Quality and Microflora of Boneless Dry‐Cured Ham

SEVENTY-TWO HAMS were utilized to study the effects of KCl replacement level (100:0, 70:30, 50:50 ratios of NaCl and KCl), boning time and mechanical tenderization on the quality and microflora of boneless dry-cured hams. Boning time had no effect on palatability or final yield. Hotboned hames had higher levels of residual nitrite and slightly higher microbial counts. Mechanical tenderization improved tenderness and microbial quality. However, tenderized hams had lower flavor preference and overall satisfaction scores. The replacement of NaCl with KCl at a level of 30% had no effect on palatability or microbial quality. NaCl replacement at a level of 50% severely decreased palatability and increased microbial numbers.
Fast Electrophoretic Separation Optimization Using Gradient Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis

The continuous nature of micro free-flow electrophoresis (mu-FFE) was used to monitor the effect of a gradient of buffer conditions on the separation. This unique application has great potential for fast optimization of separation conditions and estimation of equilibrium constants. COMSOL was used to model pressure profiles in the development of a new mu-FFE design that allowed even application of a buffer gradient across the separation channel. The new design was fabricated in an all glass device using our previously published multiple-depth etch method (Fonslow, B. R.; Barocas, V. H.; Bowser, M. T. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 5369-5374, ref 1). Fluorescein solutions were used to characterize the applied gradients in the separation channel. Linear gradients were observed when buffer conditions were varied over a period of 5-10 min. The effect of a gradient of 0-50 mM hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) on the separation of a group of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) labeled primary amines was monitored as a proof of concept experiment. Direct comparisons to capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations performed under the same conditions were made. Gradient mu-FFE recorded 60 separations during a 5 min gradient allowing nearly complete coverage across a range of HP-beta-CD concentrations. In comparison, 4 h were required to assess 15 sets of conditions across the same range of HP-beta-CD concentrations using CE. Qualitatively, mu-FFE separations were predictive of the migration order and spacing of peaks in CE electropherograms measured under the same conditions. Data were fit to equations describing 1:1 analyte-additive binding to allow a more quantitative comparison between gradient mu-FFE and CE.
Reconstruction of fluid Langmuir monolayers under shear forces

Scanning probe microscopy observations of monolayers of a classical boundary lubricant, stearic acid (STA), reveal long-range dynamics of wear and reconstruction of monomolecular films under the shear forces caused by the sliding tip. In the range of sliding velocities studied, the friction forces behave non-monotonically with a maximum value around 0.2 μm/s. The STA monolayer in a fluid state displays a flow of material from the worn area and its redistribution to form local heterogeneous multilayers. The range of influence of the material removal on the monolayer structure around the worn area is up to 80 μm, or more than an order of magnitude larger than the actual worn area. Surface diffusion of mobile organic material is responsible for the observed long-range spreading of local shear stresses produced in the area of wear. It demonstrates the non-local nature of the stress-induced reconstruction in the fluid monolayers, in contrast with solid monolayers, which show very localized wearing processes.
Synthesis of [6‐2H] and [6‐3H]fecapentaene‐12

The title compounds (6 and 9) were prepared by exchange of the α-protons of (E,E)-2,4,-heptadienyldiphenylphosphine oxide (2) with either 2H2O or 3H2O, followed by condensations with (E,E)-5-[2,3-bis(t-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy]-propoxy-2,4-pentadienal (4) and deprotection.
Effects of competition on the aggressive behavior of squirrel and cebus monkeys.

The social dominance structure and aggressive patterns in a group of four male adult squirrel monkeys and four adolescent cebus monkeys were analyzed across different test conditions. The effects on frequency and direction of aggressive interaction as well as on social dominance structure were assessed after systematically varying the size of testing area, presence or absence of reinforcement, kind of reinforcement (food or shock), and after the monkeys in each established group were separated for two weeks. Under all test conditions, the squirrel monkey's social dominance structure consisted of a dominant boss monkey and an almost completely linear hierarchy for the group. The cebus monkey's social structure consisted of a dominant boss monkey and an almost nonlinear hierarchy for the group. The presence of reinforcement, kind of reinforcement, and size of testing area were shown to have important effects on frequency but not on the direction of aggressive interactions in both the mature squirrel monkey group and immature cebus monkey group.
Effect of Oxygen Defects on the Catalytic Performance of VOx/CeO2 Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methanol

In this work, CeO2 nanocubes with controlled particle size and dominating (100) facets are synthesized as supports for VOx catalysts. Combined TEM, SEM, XRD, and Raman study reveals that the oxygen vacancy density of CeO2 supports can be tuned by tailoring the particle sizes without altering the dominating facets, where smaller particle sizes result in larger oxygen vacancy densities. At the same vanadium coverage, the VOx catalysts supported on small-sized CeO2 supports with higher oxygen defect densities exhibit promoted redox property and lower activation energy for methoxyl group decomposition, as evidenced by H2-TPR and methanol TPD study. These results further confirm that the presence of oxygen vacancies plays an important role in promoting the activity of VOx species in methanol oxidation.