cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembly of DNA-like Structures In Silico

Through evolution, biomolecules have resolved fundamental problems as a highly interactive parallel and distributed system that we are just beginning to decipher. Biomolecular Computing (BMC) protocols, however, are unreliable, inefficient and unscalable when compared to computational algorithms run in silico. An alternative approach is explored to exploiting these properties by building biomolecular analogs (eDNA) and virtual test tubes in electronics that would capture the best of both worlds. A distributed implementation is described of a virtual tube, Edna, on a cluster of PCs that does capture the massive asynchronous parallel interactions typical of BMC. Results are reported from over 1000 experiments that calibrate and benchmark Edna's performance, reproduce and extend Adleman's solution to the Hamiltonian Path problem for larger families of graphs than has been possible on a single processor or has been actually carried out in wet labs, and benchmark the feasibility and performance of DNA-based associative memories. The results required a million-fold less molecules and are at least as reliable as in vitro experiments, and so provide strong evidence that the paradigm of molecular computing can be implemented much more efficiently (in terms of time, cost, and probability of success) in silico than the corresponding wet experiments, at least in the range where Edna can be practically run. This approach also demonstrates intrinsic advantages in using electronic analogs of DNA as genomes for genetic algorithms and evolutionary computation.
What Mechanisms Explain the Links Between Personality and Health

Abstract With recent research indicating that personality traits are related to physical health and disease, it is time to move beyond describing these associations to explaining how such associations occur. This chapter discusses the many and varied mechanisms that have been developed to explain how personality traits become linked to physical health. Mechanisms that are discussed include transactional stress-moderation processes, health behaviors, illness behaviors and illness self-regulation, biological and early environment processes, and situation selection across the life span. A selective review of the utility of these mechanisms for explaining associations between prominent personality constructs (i.e., conscientiousness, neuroticism, hostility and anger, and optimism) and significant health outcomes is provided. For each personality construct, there is compelling evidence that associations with health are likely to occur through multiple pathways simultaneously. Future research will benefit from focusing on illness self-regulation processes, studying multiple mechanisms simultaneously, and integrating traditional mechanisms with life span situation selection perspectives.
Criminal Punishment and Free Will

This chapter examines the restrictions on justification of punishment that result from the claim that human beings lack freedom of the will. The variety of free will at issue is the control in action required for the agent to basically deserve to be blamed or punished. If we lack such free will, the classical retributive justification is undermined. Furthermore, if we lack such free will, one justification for using criminals as means for the purpose of general deterrence is also threatened. Since even if we lack free will, we yet retain the right to harm in self-defense, special deterrence that invokes such a right, and the attendant general deterrence, are in the clear. Finally, ways in which additional general deterrence absent free will might be justified are explored.
Data recovery in computational fluid dynamics through deep image priors

One of the challenges encountered by computational simulations at exascale is the reliability of simulations in the face of hardware and software faults. These faults, expected to increase with the complexity of the computational systems, will lead to the loss of simulation data and simulation failure and are currently addressed through a checkpoint-restart paradigm. Focusing specifically on computational fluid dynamics simulations, this work proposes a method that uses a deep convolutional neural network to recover simulation data. This data recovery method (i) is agnostic to the flow configuration and geometry, (ii) does not require extensive training data, and (iii) is accurate for very different physical flows. Results indicate that the use of deep image priors for data recovery is more accurate than standard recovery techniques, such as the Gaussian process regression, also known as Kriging. Data recovery is performed for two canonical fluid flows: laminar flow around a cylinder and homogeneous isotropic turbulence. For data recovery of the laminar flow around a cylinder, results indicate similar performance between the proposed method and Gaussian process regression across a wide range of mask sizes. For homogeneous isotropic turbulence, data recovery through the deep convolutional neural network exhibits an error in relevant turbulent quantities approximately three times smaller than that for the Gaussian process regression,. Forward simulations using recovered data illustrate that the enstrophy decay is captured within 10% using the deep convolutional neural network approach. Although demonstrated specifically for data recovery of fluid flows, this technique can be used in a wide range of applications, including particle image velocimetry, visualization, and computational simulations of physical processes beyond the Navier-Stokes equations.
The Afterlife of a Colonial Photographic Archive: The Subjective Legacy of InforCongo

After the dominant popularity of early studio photography among African art scholars, curators, and dealers, the official photographic agencies that flourished on the continent after World War II b...
Teaching demonstration of the integral calculus

A simple in-class demonstration of integral Calculus for first-time students is described for straightforward whole number area magnitudes, for ease of understanding. Following the Second Fundament...
A Framework to Assess Human Performance in Normal and Emergency Situations

Human error is one of the primary reasons for accidents in complex industries like aviation, nuclear power plant management, and health care. Physical and cognitive workload, flawed information pro...
Individual differences in expressive suppression and the subjective experience, verbal disclosure, and behavioral expression of anger

Abstract Expressive suppression reflects one's tendency to inhibit the behavioral expression of emotion. Despite voluminous research on expressive suppression, we are aware of no study examining its relation to anger as a discrete emotion. Participants (N = 97) completed measures of expressive suppression and trait anger, and they viewed two anger-inducing and two non-anger film clips. During each film clip, participants’ faces were video recorded and later coded for the behavioral expression of anger. After each film clip, participants rated their subjective experience of anger, and they wrote about their experiences; computerized text analyses measured the verbal disclosure of anger. ANOVAs revealed that film type interacted with expressive suppression for subjective experience of anger and behavioral expression of anger even while controlling for trait anger; expressive suppression was negatively associated with subjective experience and behavioral expression of anger with respect to the anger-inducing films but not the non-anger films. Verbal disclosure of anger was not associated with expressive suppression. This lab study confirmed that general expressive suppression has implications for the experience and behavioral expression of anger, and it suggests value in extending this general individual-difference variable to the realm of discrete emotions.
Trauma-informed schools: Supporting educators as they support the children

The focus of this article is on the important need for educators in trauma-informed schools to receive ongoing support themselves. That K-12 teachers should attend to their students’ mental health ...
Estimating the establishment of local transmission and the cryptic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA

We use a global metapopulation transmission model to study the establishment of sustained and undetected community transmission of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States. The model is calibrated on international case importations from mainland China and takes into account travel restrictions to and from international destinations. We estimate widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in February, 2020. Modeling results indicate international travel as the key driver of the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the West and East Coast metropolitan areas that could have been seeded as early as late-December, 2019. For most of the continental states the largest contribution of imported infections arrived through domestic travel flows.
Thermo-elasto-plasto-dynamics of ultrafast optical ablation in polycrystalline metals. Part I: Theoretical formulation

Ultrafast laser-induced ablation is a complex function of many coupled parameters including laser intensity, pulse duration, optical wavelength, material thermophysical properties, and grain size. ...
Big Data and Journalism: How American Journalism is Adopting the Use of Big Data

This research uses in-depth interviews with three data journalists from the Houston Chronicle and the New York Times in the United States to describe the role of data journalists, and to illustrate how and why they use big data in their stories. Data journalists possess a unique set of skills including being able to find data, gather data, and use that data to tell a compelling story in a written and visually coherent way. Results show that as newspapers move to a digital format the role of a data journalist is becoming more essential as is the importance of laws such as the Freedom of Information Act to enable journalists to request and use data to continue to inform the public and hold those in power accountable.
Developing the Physically Educated Students: A 21st Century Challenge for Physical Educators: 對體育教育工作者的新挑戰: 讓學童受惠於體育課

The 21st Century brings great hope, optimism and promise for the work of physical educators and the advancement of school physical education programs. Great accomplishments during the past century promoted great awareness for the need of enhancing fitness and the well-being of individuals through physical activities within our society. Physical educators can point to pride with the expansion of programs as well as efforts aimed toward promoting gender equity, inclusion, and the development of a student centered (rather than content centered) curriculum. However, during the last decades of the 20th Century physical education programs faced many challenges at schools. In fact, one could argue that physical education programs are in an era of decline. (Abstract taken from Overview)
A Standardized Protocol to Improve Acute Seizure Management in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients.

BACKGROUND: Studies of seizure management in the pediatric inpatient setting are needed. Seizures recorded by video EEG provide an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate acute management. We observed variation in delivery of standardized seizure safety measures (seizure first aid) during epilepsy monitoring unit admissions at our hospital. Our goals were to increase consistency and speed of seizure first aid and neurologic assessment in acutely seizing patients. METHODS: Using a root cause analysis, we identified major factors contributing to variation in seizure management and key drivers for improvement. Targeted interventions, centered around a protocol for acute seizure management, were implemented through quality improvement methodology. The primary outcome was correct performance of standardized seizure first aid and neurologic assessment. Secondary outcomes were time intervals to each assessment. Run charts were used to analyze primary outcomes, and statistical control charts were used for secondary outcomes. Nursing confidence in seizure management was determined through pre- and postsurveys and analyzed with the χ2 test. RESULTS: Thirteen seizures were evaluated in the preintervention phase and 10 in the postintervention phase. Completed components of seizure first aid increased from a median of 3 of 4 to 4 of 4; completed components of neurologic assessment increased from a median of 2 of 4 to 4 of 4. Responses to acute seizures were faster, and nursing confidence increased. CONCLUSIONS: A collaborative quality improvement effort between physicians and nurses led to prompt and correct delivery of seizure first aid by first responders. These relatively simple interventions could be adapted broadly to improve acute seizure management in the pediatric inpatient setting.
Benchmarking graph neural networks for materials chemistry

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have received intense interest as a rapidly expanding class of machine learning models remarkably well-suited for materials applications. To date, a number of successful GNNs have been proposed and demonstrated for systems ranging from crystal stability to electronic property prediction and to surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. However, a consistent benchmark of these models remains lacking, hindering the development and consistent evaluation of new models in the materials field. Here, we present a workflow and testing platform, MatDeepLearn, for quickly and reproducibly assessing and comparing GNNs and other machine learning models. We use this platform to optimize and evaluate a selection of top performing GNNs on several representative datasets in computational materials chemistry. From our investigations we note the importance of hyperparameter selection and find roughly similar performances for the top models once optimized. We identify several strengths in GNNs over conventional models in cases with compositionally diverse datasets and in its overall flexibility with respect to inputs, due to learned rather than defined representations. Meanwhile several weaknesses of GNNs are also observed including high data requirements, and suggestions for further improvement for applications in materials chemistry are discussed.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging with Lymphoscintigraphy Improves the Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Melanoma.

Background Despite advances in melanoma management, there remains room for improvement in the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy. The authors analyzed a prospective cohort of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy with lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green fluorescence to evaluate the quality and accuracy of this technique. Methods Consecutive primary cutaneous melanoma patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy with radioisotope lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green fluorescence from 2012 to 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Analysis was performed of melanoma characteristics, means of identifying sentinel lymph nodes, sentinel lymph node status, and recurrence. Results Five hundred ninety-four melanomas and 1827 nodes were analyzed; 1556 nodes (85.2 percent) were identified by radioactivity/fluorescence, 255 (14 percent) by radioactivity only, and 16 (0.9 percent) with indocyanine green only. There were 163 positive sentinel nodes. One hundred forty-seven (90.2 percent) were identified by radioactivity/fluorescence, 13 (8 percent) by radioactivity only, and three (0.6 percent) with fluorescence only. Of the 128 patients with a positive biopsy, eight patients' (6.3 percent) nodes were identified by radioactivity only and four (3.4 percent) with fluorescence only. There were 128 patients with a positive biopsy, 454 with a negative biopsy, and 12 patients who had a negative biopsy with subsequent nodal recurrence. Mean follow-up was 2.8 years. Conclusions In the study of the largest cohort of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy with radioisotope lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green-based technology, the quality and accuracy of this technique are demonstrated. This has important implications for melanoma patients, as the adoption of this approach with subsequent accurate staging, adjuvant workup, and treatment may improve survival outcomes. . Clinical question/level of evidence Diagnostic, II.
Children in distress: a global perspective—Report on a Workshop organized for the IUAES Intercongress on “Biodemography and Human Evolution” held at the Istituto degli Innocenti in Florence, April 21–22, 1995

The two-day workshop Children in distress: a global perspective, explored the physical, epidemiological and social dimension of the environment of children and their caretakers at home and in schoo...
Comorbidity between and within childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders: reflections and directions.

The term and concept of “lcomorbidity” has been mired in controversy, although there is little question that the existence of covariation among psychiatric diagnoses poses significant challenges to current models of psychiatric classification and diagnosis. The papers in this Special Section underscore a number of important issues relevant to the comorbidity between and within childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders, and illustrate both methodological and substantive reasons for such comorbidity. Weiss, Susser, and Catron's distinction among common, broad-band specific, and narrow-band specific features provides a helpful framework for understanding the comorbidity of childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders (B, Weiss, K. Susser, & T. Catron, 1998). Hierarchical models of psychopathology help to dissolve the distinction between “splitters” and “lumpers” and point to variables that may elucidate the etiology of externalizing and internalizing disorders.
Regulation of Na+/K+/Cl- Cotransport and [3H]Bumetanide Binding Site Density by Phorbol Esters in HT29 Cells

The involvement of protein kinase C in the regulation of Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport was investigated in cultured HT29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. We have demonstrated previously the presence of a Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport pathway in HT29 cells (Kim, H.D., Tsai, Y-S., Franklin, C.C., and Turner, J.T. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 946, 397-404). Treatment of cells with the phorbol esters phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) caused an increase in membrane-associated protein kinase C activity that was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in cytosolic protein kinase C activity. PMA also produced a rapid transient increase in cotransport to 137% of control values by 5 min followed by a progressive decrease to 19% of control values by 2 h. To determine the underlying mechanism for the reduction in Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport, changes in cotransporter number and/or affinity were determined in radioligand binding studies using [3H]bumetanide. PMA and PDBu produced essentially identical time- and dose-dependent decreases in specific [3H]bumetanide binding that were similar to the observed decreases in cotransport. Analysis of saturation and competition binding data indicated that the decrease in binding was due to a lowered Bmax with no change in affinity. Both the decrease in binding and the changes in cotransport elicited by PMA were prevented by the protein kinase inhibitor H7. These findings suggest that phorbol esters cause a decrease in the number of cotransporters in HT29 cells, resulting in a reduction in Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport activity.
The Urban Gender Wage Gap in an African Country: Findings From Kenya

ABSTRACT This paper estimates the gender earnings gap for workers in the urban areas of Kenya, and decomposes the gap into the portions due to gender differences in productivity-enhancing attributes and unexplained residuals (discrimination). No previous study has performed the latter exercise for workers in the urban areas of Kenya. The results show that a considerable gender earnings gap exists in urban areas, and that the largest part of the gap may be attributed to discrimination by urban employers.
A COMBINED MURINE LOCAL LYMPH NODE AND IRRITANCY ASSAY TO PREDICT SENSITIZATION AND IRRITANCY POTENTIAL OF CHEMICALS

In an effort to establish a single, rapid screening procedure for the sensitization and irritancy potential of new chemicals, the parameters of a murine Local Lymph Node Assay and a mouse ear swelling irritancy assay were combined. To validate this assay, a range of chemical irritants and sensitizers were evaluated for their ability to elicit responses in B6C3F1 female mice. Chemicals were administered for four consecutive days to the dorsal and ventral surfaces of each ear. An increasein ear thickness served to predict irritancy, while [3H]thymidine uptake by cervical draining lymph nodes suggested sensitization. All chemicals known to be potent chemical sensitizers (oxazolone, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, toluene diisocyanate) produced a marked lymph node cell proliferation in this assay. Animals exposed to irritating agents (sodium lauryl sulfate, croton oil, tetradecane, nonanoic acid, and benzalkonium chloride) experienced a significant increase in ear swelling. In addition, these irritating agents elic...
Characteristics of the hydrogen bonding interactions of substituted hydantoins with 9-ethyladenine.

Specific binding of diphenylhydantoin and other substituted hydantoins to 9-ethyladenine was demonstrated using proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Downfield resonance shifts of the N-1 and N-3 protons of diphenylhydantoin occurred upon mixing with 9-ethyladenine in dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas no such resonance shift occurred upon the addition of 9-ethylguanine in this solvent. Chemical shifts of the exchangeable protons in deuterochloroform solutions of 9-ethyladenine with 1,5,5-trimethylhydantoin or 3,5,5-trimethylhydantoin are characteristic of a hydrogen-bonded cyclic interaction; this interaction involves one of the three -NH-CO-sites available on the hydantoin nucleus in a 1:1 complex with the acceptor-donor sites on 9-ethyladenine. By measuring the change in intensity of the adenine NH (antisymmetrical) monomer band in the normal infrared region, association constants [Kxy, M-1] were estimated for the interaction (in deuterochloroform) of 9-ethyladenine with the given hydantoin: 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 63; 1,5,5-trimethylhydantoin, 16; 3,5,5-trimethylhydantoin, 2.7; 5,5-diphenylhydantoin, 178; 5-ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin, 179; 5-ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin, 5.4; 3-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin, 2.6; and 3-methyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin, 5.1.
Postlaminectomy and postirradiation kyphosis in children and adolescents

This is a retrospective review of 12 patients treated for severe postlaminectomy and postirradiation kyphosis by one surgeon from 1977 to 1994. The average age of the patients was 15 years with a range from 2 to 35 years. The duration of followup ranged from 24 months to 156 months with an average of 65 months. All patients had undergone multilevel laminectomies or irradiation of the thoracic or lumbar spine for an intraspinal lesion or trauma. The average preoperative kyphosis was 84 degrees and this was reduced to an average of 39 degrees after surgery. There were no pseudarthroses and there was an average loss of correction of 5 degrees. There were no complaints of back pain. Moderately severe but flexible kyphoses were treated in three patients by posterior instrumentation and spinal fusion. The other nine patients had combined anterior release or decompression and fusion combined with posterior instrumentation and spinal fusion. Bracing failed to halt the progressive kyphosis in those patients for whom it had been attempted. The only major complications in this series were two wound infections in patients previously treated with irradiation.
Gender and diversity research in the Southern Management Association

Purpose – This report summarizes research on gender, diversity and related topics presented at the 2007 Southern Management Association (SMA) conference in Nashville TN.Design/methodology/approach – The SMA is a regional affiliate of the Academy of Management. SMA's annual conference promotes its mission of advancing the research, teaching, learning and practice of management.Findings – Diversity topics were scheduled throughout the conference and included in five of the eight tracks. One symposium was devoted to deep‐level diversity.Originality/value – The papers presented at the SMA conference highlight the growing interest in and variety of diversity research.
Therapeutic monitoring of psychotherapeutic drugs: Role of the clinical laboratory

Abstract Therapeutic monitoring of drugs is a well established clinical tool.However, the state of the art is somewhat less advanced for drugs used in psychiatry than it is for other classes of drugs, for several reasons. Most psychotherapeutic drugs have large volumes of distribution and achieve relatively low plasma concentrations following therapeutic doses. Many have one or more active metabolites. While psychotherapeutic drugs act through biochemical mechanisms, they are used to treat clinical syndromes which may be heterogeneous in their biochemical pathogenesis. As a consequence, the analytical methodologies are often complex and not always reliable; well-controlled clinical studies are difficult to perform; and therapeutic ranges have been difficult to establish. Despite these limitations, prudent and selective monitoring of serum drug concentrations, particularly of the tricyclic antidepressants, can be helpful in clinical management.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE SIBLING SPECIES ORTHEMIS FERRUGINEA (FABRICIUS, 1775) AND O. DISCOLOR (BURMEISTER, 1839) IN NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA (ANISOPTERA: LIBELLULIDAE)

Abstract The sibling species Orthemis discolor and O. ferruginea are distinguished by coloration, although one structural characteristic can be used to differentiate many females. Further information on the distribution and relative abundance of the two species in North and Middle America is presented.
Muscle activity detection from myoelectric signals based on the AR-GARCH model

Myoelectric (EMG) signals contain temporal muscle activation information, that is essential in understanding and diagnosing neuromuscular disorders. Given the biological stochasticity and measurement noise, statistical signal processing methods are adopted in the literature to detect the muscle activity onset and offset periods. However, these methods carry an implicit assumption of stationarity. In this paper, we show that the EMG signal is non-stationary and the nature of its non-stationarity is reminiscent of the heteroscedasticity, i.e., the conditional variance of the signal is time-varying. We therefore model the EMG signal using an Autoregressive-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (AR-GARCH) process, which captures the heteroscedasticity of the signal. The Akaike information criterion test confirms that the AR-GARCH model better fits the EMG signal than the stationary AR model. We subsequently propose a muscle activity detector that relies on the estimated conditional variance of the AR-GARCH model. The application of the proposed detector to real EMG signal shows that the proposed AR-GARCH-based detector achieves a higher accuracy than the widely used double threshold detector.
The Genus Psittacobrosus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Neotropical Psittaciformes

Descriptions and keys are given for the known species. The 11 new species and their type-hosts are: hyacinthini from Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, rubrogenysi from Ara rubrogenys, mitratae from Aratinga mitrata, farinosae from Amazona farinosa, chloropterae from Ara chloroptera, carrikeri from Ara militaris, brotogerisi from Brotogeris jugularis, pyrrhurae from Pyrrhura picta, molinae from Pyrrhura molinae, patagoni from Cyanoliseus patagonus, and aratingae from Aratinga aurea. There are 2 new synonymies: P. genitalis Carriker ( = Psittacobrosus nobilis Carriker) and P. forpi Carriker ( = Colpocephalum burhinoides Carriker).
Fire effects on belowground sustainability: a review and synthesis

Abstract The overall effects of fire on ecosystems are complex, ranging from the reduction or elimination of aboveground biomass to impacts on belowground physical, chemical and microbial mediated processes. Since a key component of overall ecosystem sustainability occurs belowground, recovery is tied to the soil's physical, chemical, and biological functions and processes. Depending on several fire severity measures, changes in belowground components can be either beneficial or deleterious to the entire ecosystem. Low-impact burning can promote a herbaceous flora, increase plant available nutrients, and thin over-crowded forests, all of which can foster healthy systems. Severe fires can often cause changes in successional rates, alter above- and belowground species composition, generate volatilization of nutrients and ash entrainment in smoke columns, produce rapid or decreased mineralization rates, alter C : N ratios, and result in subsequent nutrient losses through accelerated erosion, leaching or denitrification. In addition, changes in soil hydrologic functioning, degradation of soil physical properties, decreases in micro- and macrofauna, and alterations in microbial populations and associated processes can occur. The direct effect of fire on belowground systems is a result of the burning severity, which integrates aboveground fuel loading (live and dead), soil moisture and subsequent soil temperatures, and duration of the burn. The time for recovery of belowground systems will not only depend on the burning intensity and its effect on key ecosystem processes and components, but also on the previous land-use practices. Thus, the impacts of fire on belowground systems can be highly variable and may not be predictable. Our paper is a general review of the effects of fire on belowground systems with emphasis placed on the changes in physical, biogeochemical and biological properties of soils and the resulting consequences these changes have for ecosystem sustainability.
On Klass' series criterion for the minimal growth rate of partial maxima

Abstract Let X, X1, X,… be i.i.d. random variables and let Mn=max1⩽j⩽n Xj. We present a direct martingale-theoretic proof of a theorem of Klass (1985): P(Mn⩽bn i.o.) = 1 if and only if Σn=1∞ P(X>bn) exp{−nP(X>bn)} = ∞.
Studies on selenocyanatocarbonyl complexes. The synthesis and characterization of selenocyanato-Se and -N linkage isomers of C5H5Fe(CO)[P(C6H5)3l(SeCN)

Abstract The reaction of C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ]CH 2 C 6 H 5 with Se(SeCN) 2 yields the selenocyanato linkage isomers C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ]SeCN and C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ]NCSe. Both compounds are stable with respect to interconversion at room temperature; at higher temperatures, deselenation to C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ]CN takes place in preference to isomerization. This reaction is slow with the Se-bonded isomer and much faster with the N-bonded isomer, which also deselenates rapidly at 27° in the presence of triphenyl-phosphine. The interaction between C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 SeCN and PR 3 (R = C 6 H 5 or C 6 H 11 ) at room temperature yields almost exclusively the ionic [C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2− (PR 3 )] + SeCN − ; C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 [P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] + SeCN − affords the Se-bonded C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ]SeCN in refluxing benzene, but a similar thermal treatment of C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 [P(C 6 H 11 ) 3 ] + SeCN − gives several products. Triphenyl phosphite does not react with C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 SeCN at room temperature; under reflux conditions in benzene it yields only the selecyanato-Se-monocarbonyl C 5 H 5 Fe(CO)[P(OC 6 H 5 ) 3 ]SeCN.
An analysis of variables affecting aortic neck length with implications for fenestrated endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background A major factor in the selection of patients for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the character of the aortic neck, and studies suggest that many patients are treated outside of the instructions for use (IFU) criteria. By analyzing aortic neck morphology, we hope to identify factors that may influence decision making about the use of fenestrated endografts as an alternative to extending the neck limitations of traditional endografts. Methods A retrospective analysis was completed on 111 patients who underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans between May 1, 2009 and January 3, 2011 for the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Individual characteristics of neck and aneurysm morphology were analyzed to establish whether certain factors determined suitability for EVAR with traditional nonfenestrated endografts. In considering augmented neck lengths (ANL), anatomic measurements of distance from the start of aortic dilatation to the lowest renal artery (LRA) and highest renal artery (HRA) were analyzed. Measurements were analyzed using Stata software (version 11.2; StataCorp, College Station, TX). Results There were 86 men and 25 women in the patient population, with an average age of 72.9 years. In 46 patients, the proximal neck length was s = –0.2237; P = 0.018), indicating that as aneurysm size increases, proximal neck length decreases. There was a significant correlation between proximal neck length and proximal neck diameter (r s = –0.2585; P = 0.006) and between proximal neck length and angle (r s = –0.2355; P = 0.013), and between proximal neck diameter and right iliac maximum diameter (r s = 0.2329; P = 0.014). Using fenestration to place an endograft above the LRA would create an ANL of >15 mm in 20 of 40 patients with aortic necks deemed too short to be eligible for EVAR using conventional infrarenal graft positioning. Extending the graft above the HRA would create an ANL of >15 mm in 36 of 40 patients. Discussion In this study, 41% of patients presented with neck lengths outside that of the traditional IFU for most aortic endografts. While there was wide variation from patient to patient, there was a general correlation between increasing AAA size and aneurysms that have shorter, wider, and more angulated proximal necks. Fenestration of even 1 renal artery could substantially increase the ANL. Additional study is warranted to determine if an increase in ANL in patients with otherwise short necks will positively impact long-term EVAR outcomes.
Analysis of Source Rate Adaption for ATM networks using a dynamic flow model

This paper focuses on using Source Rate Adaption (SRA) as a viable flow control scheme in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. A modeling technique related to conducting performance evaluation studies using a dynamic flow model has been developed. SRA control strategies at node, domain or network levels have been proposed. Computer simulations verify the validity of the model and strategies.
Static and dynamic properties of the HCM myocardium.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex and relatively common genetic cardiac disease associated with significant genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity and affects about one in 500 individuals of the general population [1-2]. HCM is typically associated with a portion of the myocardium being hypertrophied - usually of the left ventricle in the absence of loading conditions such as hypertension [3]. While the occurrence of HCM is a significant cause of unexpected (sudden) cardiac death in all age groups, it is best known as a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes [4]. HCM is associated with more than 550 mutations in 10 genes that code for cardiac sarcomeric proteins [5]. Five genes account for greater than 90% of the HCM mutations so far discovered [5]. These genes include β-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC, encoded by the MYH7 gene), β-myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C encoded by the MYBPC3 gene), cardiac troponin T (cTnT, encoded by the TNNT2 gene), cardiac troponin I (cTnI, encoded by the TNNI3 gene), and α-tropomyosin (α-Tm, encoded by the TPM1 gene).
“Who's the fairest of them all?” Beauty and Femininity in Contemporary Russian Adolescent Girl Fiction

The present article draws attention to “post-Soviet commodity tales,” a subgenre of adolescent girl fiction that provides a narrative of personal success for girls willing to learn the tricks of managed beauty, fashion, consumer literacy, and other lessons of femininity. Since these tales are written almost exclusively by women authors for the consumption by young girls, they vividly demonstrate a gender ideology that the older female generation passes on to the new one. I trace the history of the relationship between beauty and gender construction in Soviet children's literature and analyze how new economic and cultural realities affected it in post-Soviet time. My analysis focuses on two representative popular tales, Ludmila Matveeva's Beauty Contest in Sixth Grade (2001) and Svetlana Lubenets’ A Heart for the Invisible Man (2007).
On the mechanics of the ankle in the stance phase of the gait

In this paper we explore the mechanical behavior of the ankle in the progression stage of stance during normal walking. We show that the torque/angle behavior of the ankle during this stage can be approximated by an augmented linear torsional spring. The mechanical parameters completely specifying this spring are identified, including stiffness, amount of rotation, and angle of zero moment. The effect of load weight, gait speed and ground slope on those parameters and the propulsive work of the ankle are also discussed. The findings of this paper can be applied to the design of leg orthoses, prostheses and exoskeletons, and bipedal robots in general, allowing the implementation of human-like leg compliance during stance with a relatively simple latched-spring mechanism.
Reactions of laser-generated free radicals in silicon deposition processes

Abstract The production of molecular free radicals by selective laser photolysis affords a convenient method for studying the reactions of such free radicals with surfaces. The photodeposition of silicon thin films presents an excellent example of the interplay of laser-initiated chemistry and laser-spectroscopic diagnostics in elucidating dissociation and deposition mechanisms. Infrared multiple-photon dissociation of alkyl- or arylsilanes leads to formation of silylene radical (SiH 2 ); a number of other dissociation products are found with phenylsilane. The electronic excited states of SiH 2 may dissociate to Si( 1 D) and Si( 3 p) atoms, in the latter case by coupling through the a 3 B 1 state. Observation of the atom production threshold allows a determination of the heat of formation of SiH 2 .
A solid state variable capacitor with minimum DC capacitance

A new solid state variable capacitor (SSVC) with minimum dc capacitance is proposed. A variable ac capacitor (with capacitance variable from 0 to Cac) is traditionally implemented by an H-bridge inverter and a large electrolytic dc capacitor with capacitance of 20 times the ac capacitance value, Cac to absorb the 2ω dc ripple. The proposed SSVC consists of an H-bridge and an additional phase leg connected to an ac capacitor with fixed capacitance, Cac and can reduce the dc capacitance to the minimum just for absorbing switching ripples. The fixed ac capacitor controlled by the additional phase leg absorbs the 2ω component and theoretically can eliminate 2ω ripples to the dc capacitor completely. Therefore, no electrolytic capacitors would be needed. Theoretical analysis of the SSVC is provided. Simulation and experimental results are shown to prove the effectiveness of the proposed SSVC with minimum dc capacitance.
Studies of plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence using immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cells

Abstract The cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes was studied using immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cells. The immortalized cells, denoted as BB19, derived from the human brain endothelium, were transformed with the E6E7 genes of human papilloma virus and retained their endothelial nature, i.e. tubule formation occurred with Matrigel as a substratum and the cells stained positive for Factor VIII-related antigen, or vonWillebrand's factor. Surface expression of ICAM-1, VCAM, E-selectin, and CD36 was demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies to these ligands. Exposure to cytokines (TNF, IFNγ, IL-1α, and IL-6) and lipopolysaccharide resulted in an increase in expression of ICAM-1, VCAM, E-selectin, and CD36. The BB19 cells bound P. falciparum -infected red blood cells with both the FCR-3 and the ITO4 strains. Antibodies to CD36 and ICAM-1 partially inhibited the binding of the FCR-3 and the ITO4 lines, respectively. These findings suggest that BB19 cells may be useful in the analysis of receptor-based cytoadherence and sequestration, as well as in the cell biology of microvessel formation.
Hybrid Lives of Teaching and Artistry: A Study of Teaching Artists in Dance in the USA.

This paper investigates teaching artists in the USA whose work is rooted in dance and dance-related disciplines. Teaching artists, although the descriptor itself remains both ambiguous and debated in the USA, provide a good deal of arts education delivery in K12 schools and afterschool programs. Based on survey data from a range of dance teaching artists across the nation (n = 64), the study presents emergent themes including: (1) insufficient preparation, (2) obstacles and challenges in the workplace and (3) diverse perspectives on teaching artist professionalization and credential programs. The paper concludes with recommendations for post-secondary (tertiary) curriculum development in dance programs.
Zn sorption mechanisms onto sheathed Leptothrix Discophora and the impact of the nanoparticulate biogenic Mn oxide coating.

Zinc sorption on sheathed Leptothrix discophora bacterium, the isolated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) sheath, and Mn oxide-coated bacteria was investigated with macroscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Complexation with L. discophora was dominated by the outer membrane phosphoryl groups of the phospholipid bilayer while sorption to isolated EPS was dominated by carboxyl groups. Precipitation of nanoparticulate Mn oxide coatings on the cell surface increased site capacity by over twenty times with significant increase in metal sorption. XAS analysis of Zn sorption in the coated system showed Mn oxide phase contributions of 18 to 43% through mononuclear inner-sphere complexes. The coordination environments in coprecipitation samples were identical to those of sorption samples, indicating that, even in coprecipitation, Zn is not incorporated into the Mn oxide structure. Rather, through enzymatic oxidation by L. discophora, Mn(II) is oxidized and precipitated onto the biofilm providing a large surface for metal sequestration. The nanoparticulate Mn oxide coating exhibited significant microporosity (75%) suggesting contributions from intraparticle diffusion. Transient studies conducted over 7 months revealed a 170% increase in Zn loading. However, the intraparticle diffusivity of 10(-19) cm(2) s(-1) is two orders of magnitude smaller than that for abiotic Mn oxide which we attribute to morphological changes such as reduced pore sizes in the nanoparticulate oxide. Our results demonstrate that the cell-bound Mn oxide particles can sorb significant amounts of Zn over long periods of time representing an important surface for sequestration of metal contaminants.
Occurrence of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis (Poppe) in the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky

ABSTRACT Eurytemoraaffinis is reported from the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, about 2,960 river miles upstream from the Gulf of Mexico. This is about 2,254 river miles beyond the farthest penetration up the Mississippi River previously known: Horn Lake, De Soto County, Mississippi.
Seasonal distribution, movements and habitat associations of northern squawfish in two lower Columbia River reservoirs

We tracked 335 northern squawfish implanted with radio transmitters in the Columbia River in May–December 1993 and May–September 1994. Most fish were released near The Dalles and John Day dams, with the remaining fish released into reservoir areas away from dams. We used boats with mounted Yagi antennas, fixed site receiver stations near the dams and aerial surveys to track movements of tagged northern squawfish. Northern squawfish were commonly associated with water <5 m deep, water velocities <1 m/s and were <45 m from shore. The average movement from the release site was 19.5 km; fish released near dams remained closer to their release sites than fish released into reservoirs. Short-term movements (successive observations within 24 h) comprised 75% of all detected movements, represented fish moving short distances (mean=0.96 km) between dams and down-river areas and corresponded to increased passage of juvenile salmonids. Long-term movements (successive observations exceeding 24 h) were mainly attributed to fish released into the reservoirs moving up-river to a dam, and fish moving between the two dam tailrace areas. A strong up-river movement trend terminating at John Day Dam tailrace in June suggested that spawning occurred nearby. Reduced numbers of observations of fish in the autumn suggested that northern squawfish moved away from dam areas and into deeper water for the winter. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AITENTIVENESS TO TELEVISION NEWS AND OPINION CHANGE IN THE FALL 1992 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN

This paper examines the extent to which attention to television news impacted affective evaluations of presidential candidates during the last two months of the 1992 campaign. Our analyses show that attentiveness to campaign news significantly influenced evaluations in a manner consistent with the tone of news coverage for each candidate. We disaggregate the data by party and ideology, however, and discover this effect to be conditional, depending critically on the character and intensity of political predispositions. Throughout the paper we emphasize the interplay between political predispositions and the valence of network coverage, underscoring the contingent effect of media messages. We conclude with a brief discussion of our results and stress the importance of partisan reinforcement, which we found was a major consequence of news media reception during the fall 1992 campaign.
Compressed Network Tomography for Probabilistic Tree Mixture Models

We consider the problem of network tomography in probabilistic tree mixture models. We invoke the theory of compressed sensing and prove that the distribution of a random communication network model with $n$ nodes represented by a probabilistic mixture of $k$ trees can be identified using low order routing summaries pertinent to groups of small sizes $d<<n$ in the network. We prove that, if the number of collected statistics $m$ is at least $\mathcal{O}(n^{\log{k}})$, then certain classes of inference algorithms can successfully determine the unknown model, \emph{i.e.} the topologies of mixing trees and their corresponding probabilities. We show that a variation of $\ell_1$ minimization over the space of all possible trees of $n$ nodes can be used for this purpose. In addition, we propose a novel inference algorithm with a complexity polynomial in $n^{\log{k}}$, with the same provable guarantee. The proposed model is applicable to practical situations such as ad-hoc and Peer-to-Peer(P2P) networks, and the presented inference method can lead to distributed protocols for network monitoring and tomography. In particular, we provide preliminary insight and numerical results on how the ideas are amenable to wireless sensor networks.