cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reprocessing paper-based reference materials for the digital environment

One of the primary challenges for the creation of digital libraries is to enhance the value of paper-based publications by providing digital access to the materials. Simple full-text searching is just a first step in this process. Better functionality may be gained by exploiting the natural structure within text. The following paper describes the process of digital conversion and integration of encyclopedic publications, glossaries and thesauri. The Biological Information Browsing (http://www.biobrowser.org) team developed text-processing tools, and an information retrieval and visualization environment that provides greater functionality for these traditionally paper-based publications [1]. The process includes automatic text segmentation and structuring, automated XML markup, structure-based indexing, automatic thesaurus extraction for query expansion and on-line definitions. Very few other information systems provide complete services for publishing, indexing, XML query and retrieving documents.
Site Selectively Templated and Tagged Xerogels for Chemical Sensors

We report on a new sensor strategy that we have termed site selectively templated and tagged xerogels (SSTTX). The SSTTX platform is completely self-contained, and it achieves analyte recognition w...
Using a notion of acceptable in uncertain ordinal decision making

We focus on the problem of constructing decision functions to aid in the valuation of alternatives in uncertain decision making. We discuss different types of scales available for representing the payoffs associated with the alternatives. Here we consider the case in which our basic scale is an ordinal scale. Here however we augment this ordinal scale by allowing an additional notion. We indicate one special element on the scale which we call the denoted element. We name such a scale a Denoted Ordinal Scale (DOS). We point out that a DOS allows a binary partitioning of the basic ordinal scale which can be associated with differing semantics and used for various purposes. Here we focus on a binary partitioning and use a semantics which provides a classification of payoffs as to whether they are acceptable or not. This allows us to have information such as A is preferred to B but both are acceptable. We show how a DOS with this semantics can be used to construct sophisticated decision functions.
Direct and indirect preparation of layered quaternary manganese tellurides; AMnxMyTe2 (A=Li, Na; M=Cu, Ag; x+y≤2)

Abstract A series of layered quaternary tellurides with AMnxMyTe2 (A=Li, Na; M=Cu, Ag; x+y≤2) compositions were prepared in two different ways; direct synthesis from elemental starting materials and reaction of coinage metals (Cu or Ag) with ternary tellurides, AMnTe2 (A=Li, Na) with partially empty tetrahedral sites. Products were characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption (AA) measurements, and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS). These compounds adopt the CaAl2Si2 structure type (space group Pm 3 1, No. 164), in which Te atoms are arrayed by hexagonal closed packing with random distribution of Mn and M (Cu or Ag) atoms in the tetrahedral sites. Alkali metals reside in octahedral sites between two layers to complete the structure. Resistivity measurements showed that these compounds are either insulators or semiconductors.
Flexible electronics for space applications

NASA is currently developing a host of deployable structures for the exploration of space. These include balloons, solar sails, space-borne telescopes and membrane-based synthetic aperture radar. Each of these applications is driven by the need for a thin, low mass, large area structure (e.g., polymer-based) which could not be implemented using conventional engineering materials such as metals and alloys. In each case, there is also the need to integrate sensing and control electronics within the structure. However, conventional silicon-based electronics are difficult to integrate with such large, thin structures, due to a variety of concerns including mass, reliability and manufacturing issues. Flexible electronics, particularly thin film transistors (TFTs), are a potentially key enabling technology that may allow the integration of a wide range of sensors and actuators into these types of structures. There are numerous challenges, however, regarding the survivability of such devices during stowage and deployment of the structure, as well as during operation in the harsh environments of space. We have fabricated TFTs on polyimide substrates, and are investigating the durability of these devices with respect to relevant space environments. We are also developing flexible sensor technologies for the integration of distributed sensor networks on large area structures.
Solid-state microsensors and smart structures

Solid-state microsensors have been recently developed for the measurement of a number of physical and chemical parameters for use in today's instrumentation and control systems. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of silicon micromachining technologies for the fabrication of silicon microsensors. Micromachining technologies such as bulk silicon micromachining, surface micromachining, and electroplating techniques are first reviewed, followed by a discussion of various thin-film materials used in the implementation of required microstructures. Several examples of silicon microsensors, including a 1024-element silicon tactile imager, and a thermally-based pressure and flow sensor, are presented. Finally, a discussion of potential use of these devices in smart structures and systems is presented
Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of PGE1, E2 and F2α on electrically induced convulsions in mice

Abstract Intracerebroventricular administration of prostaglandins E1 or E2 was shown to block, while PGF2α increased the incidence of tonic convulsion due to electroshock in mice. The Prostaglandins were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to conscious mice by a modification of Haley and McCormick's method (1) prior to a transcorneal maximal electroshock (MES) or a transcorneal supra-maximal electroshock (SMES). PGE1 and PGE2 i.c.v. blocked the tonic hindlimb extension (THE) and protected the animals from death induced by MES with ED50's for PGE1 and PGE2 for inhibition of the THE of 6.6 (4.3–12.0) μg/mouse i.c.v. and 13.3 (8.9–22.4) μg/mouse i.c.v. respectively. When PGE2 was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in doses as high as 4.0 mg/kg it did not block the THE. However, the duration of the THE as well as the mortality were reduced by doses of 0.5–4.0 mg/kg PGE2 i.p.. Both PGE1 and PGE2 were shown to cause a dose related significant (p
Limitations of the Adoptive Immunity Assay for Analyzing Anti-Listeria Immunity

The usefulness of adoptive immunization as a method for analyzing mechanisms responsible for resolution of Listeria monocytogenes infection was studied. Results showed that, although mice resolving primary infection acquire CD8+ T cells that are exclusively capable of adoptively immunizing recipient mice against an L. monocytogenes challenge infection, these T cells are protective only if given to recipients at very early stages of infection (soon after the infection is cleared from the blood by fixed phagocytes of the liver and spleen). In contrast the same T cells failed to mediate adoptive immunity against infection if given to recipients 24 h after infection was initiated, when L. monocytogenes is no longer in fixed phagocytes but is confined to granulomas. These results indicate that specific CD8+ T cells produced in response to infection contribute minimally to resolution of established infection in the donor.
Association mapping of yield and its components in rice cultivars

To make advances in rice breeding it is important to understand the relatedness and ancestry of introduced rice accessions, and identify SSR markers associated with agronomically important phenotypic traits, for example yield. Ninety-two rice germplasm accessions recently introduced from seven geographic regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and eleven US cultivars, included as checks, were evaluated for yield and kernel characteristics, and genotyped with 123 SSR markers. The SSR markers were highly polymorphic across all accessions. Population structure analysis identified eight main clusters for the accessions which corresponded to the major geographic regions, indicating agreement between genetic and predefined populations. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and distributions are of fundamental importance for genome-wide mapping association. LD between linked markers decreased with distance and with a substantial drop in LD decay values between 20 and 30 cM, suggesting it should be possible to achieve resolution down to the 25 cM level. For the 103 cultivars, the complex traits yield, kernel width, kernel length, kernel width/length ratio, and 1000-kernel weight, were estimated by analysis of variety trial data. The mixed linear model method was used to disclose marker-trait associations. Many of the associated markers were located in regions where QTL had previously been identified. In conclusion, association mapping in rice is a viable alternative to QTL mapping based on crosses between different lines.
Alignment of multiple ontologies of anatomy: deriving indirect mappings from direct mappings to a reference.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the indirect alignment of two anatomical ontologies through a reference ontology and to compare it to direct alignment between these two ontologies. The ontologies under investigation are the Adult Mouse Anatomical Dictionary (MA) and the NCI Thesaurus (NCI). The Foundational Model of Anatomy serves as reference ontology. METHODS The direct alignment employs a combination of lexical and structural similarity. The indirect alignment simply derives mappings from direct alignments to the reference ontology. RESULTS The indirect MA-NCI alignment yielded 703 mappings and the direct alignment 715, 654 of which are common to both. The mappings specific to one approach were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS When a reference ontology exists, indirect alignment of multiple ontologies through a reference represents a valid, cost-effective alternative to pairwise alignment.
Gun violence in United States: in search for a solution.

From the public health perspective, the issue of gun violence could be evaluated based on the theoretical framework of social ecological model (SEM) by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The SEM uses four levels of influence to describe a framework that identifies factors that either places a person at-risk for or guards them from being subjected to or causing a health problem such as violence. The levels of influence in the SEM structure include the individual or intrapersonal, relationships or interpersonal, community, and society (see Figure A1 in Appendix). Each level represents a key point in the process of violence, and thereby, offers an opportunity to intervene in violence for prevention. The framework also provides a tool to use in evaluation of public health issues of firearm violence. Controlling gun violence is a complex and formidable task. It is well established that multi-level approach is needed to end gun violence. We provided some suggestions for policymakers and practitioners based on the SEM. The association between violence and the interaction between different factors, from individual to societal, suggest that addressing risk factors or devising prevention plans across various levels of the SEM may lead to decrease in incidences like Sandy Hook massacre and Navy Yard shooting. However, we acknowledge that implementing all these suggestions at a time is practically impossible. Since we don’t have a false proof mechanism to identify and intervene with people who might be potential culprits, the initial step should be to prevent the weapons getting into the hands of these people. This initial steps could be achieved by changing the social norms on guns and implementing some immediately workable policies. As the norm on the propriety of driving has changed over time, there is no reason to believe that norms about guns will not change. One such norm should be keeping the guns in safe and secure places as many perpetrators used guns which were stolen. Some of the policy changes we recommend are stricter provisions in obtaining gun license and its periodic renewal. In addition, people should undergo rigorous background checks and extensive gun safety trainings before obtaining gun. However, the challenges remain and require long term solutions. - See more at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00017/full#sthash.MAIQSRJD.dpuf Language: en
Belonging in the Academy: Building a “Casa Away From Casa” for Latino/a Undergraduate Students

This action research study, supported by a quantitative data analysis, presents a counternarrative to the deficit discourse regarding Latino/a First Time in Any College (FTIAC) departure during the first year of college. It argues that an intentional learning community model, that is culturally and linguistically responsive to Latino/a student needs, can produce significant gains in first- to second-year retention rates and better predicts retention than either high school grade point average or standardized test scores.
“We cannot spare you”: Phillips Brooks's Break with the Evangelical Party, 1859–1873

Despite renewed scholarly interest in Evangelical Episcopalianism recently, important questions persist about the party's demise in the last third of the nineteenth century. Though church historians have advanced some plausible explanations for its disappearance, these interpretations need now to be tested by more narrowly focused studies of individuals, both committed party men and their less partisan allies. Concomitant questions also linger about the relationship between Evangelicals and the emergent Broad Church movement within the American church and within the Anglican communion generally. Exactly how did Low Church Evangelicals become Low Church liberals by the turn of the century? More importantly, this subject has a broader significance for the history of American Christianity at large. Pursuing the foregoing questions can shed considerable light on the parallel transformation of a moderately Reformed American evangelicalism into turn-of-the-century liberal Protestantism.
Type-based alias analysis

This paper evaluates three alias analyses based on programming language types. The first analysis uses type compatibility to determine aliases. The second extends the first by using additional high-level information such as field names. The third extends the second with a flow-insensitive analysis. Although other researchers suggests using types to disambiguate memory references, none evaluates its effectiveness. We perform both static and dynamic evaluations of type-based alias analyses for Modula-3, a statically-typed type-safe language. The static analysis reveals that type compatibility alone yields a very imprecise alias analysis, but the other two analyses significantly improve alias precision. We use redundant load elimination (RLE) to demonstrate the effectiveness of the three alias algorithms in terms of the opportunities for optimization, the impact on simulated execution times, and to compute an upper bound on what a perfect alias analysis would yield. We show modest dynamic improvements for (RLE), and more surprisingly, that on average our alias analysis is within 2.5% of a perfect alias analysis with respect to RLE on 8 Modula-3 programs. These results illustrate that to explore thoroughly the effectiveness of alias analyses, researchers need static, dynamic, and upper-bound analysis. In addition, we show that for type-safe languages like Modula-3 and Java, a fast and simple alias analysis may be sufficient for many applications.
Sources of Variability in Isoprene Emission and Photosynthesis in Two Species of Tropical Wet Forest Trees1

Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), a volatile organic compound produced by many plants, is the principal source of photochemically active reduced compounds in the troposphere. Emission from tropical forest trees accounts for > 70 percent of the annual global flux of isoprene, and under certain environmental conditions, trees may lose a large fraction of their fixed carbon to isoprene production. It is not known, however, if the production and emission of isoprene serve an adaptive role, or are factors that control isoprene emission from tropical trees well understood. We present results from a study investigating patterns of variability in isoprene emission and photosynthesis in two tropical wet forest tree species, Brosimum utile (H. B. K.) Pitt (Moraceae) and Dussia munda (Leguminosae/Fabaceae). We used leaf-level measurements to investigate the within- and among-individual variability in isoprene emission and photosynthetic rates, and looked at how these rates changed with light intensity. Leaves of both species showed similar responses to increases in light intensity, with photosynthesis appearing closer to saturation than isoprene emission at high light intensities. There was a large difference in both the photosynthetic and isoprene emission patterns of canopy and subcanopy leaves, with canopy leaves consistently showing much greater isoprene flux and photosynthetic rates than subcanopy leaves. This difference was smaller, although still discernible, when differences in specific leaf weight (SLW) were considered. These results suggest that tropical trees exhibit biochemical as well as structural responses to canopy position, with patterns of vertical variability that resemble those seen in temperate trees. These data have important implications for understanding the possible functional significance of isoprene emission and for creating accurate canopy-level isoprene flux models.
Birth order and personality: some unexpected findings.

From a group of 1400 patients who had been admitted to the neuropsychiatric wards cf a veteran's administration hospital over a 7-yr. period, four groups (only children, first born, middle born, an...
Ultrastructural Lesions of Pyridoxine Toxicity in Beagle Dogs

Three adult Beagle dogs given pyridoxine hydrochloride orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight/day for about 100 days developed ataxia and had spastic, dysmetric leg movements. Ultrastructural alterations in the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord were degeneration and loss of axons and myelin, and secondary changes of the myelin sheaths. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of pyridoxine neurotoxicity are discussed.
A Review of Balance Instruments for Older Adults

Objective The purpose of this article is to review balance instruments developed within the past 10 years that can be used in the clinic or home environment. The use of such instruments may assist in identifying older adults who are at risk for falling, a major problem that can result in impaired function and loss of independence. Method Six instruments were reviewed: the Berg Balance Scale (Berg), the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB), the Functional Reach Test, the Tinetti Balance Test of the Performance-Oriented Assessment of Mobility Problems (Tinetti), the Timed "Up and Go" Test (TU&GT), and the Physical Performance Test (PPT). Considered were what aspects of balance are assessed, time needed to administer the instrument, tools or equipment needed, evidence of reliability and validity, advantages and disadvantages, and the target population. Results The Berg, Tinetti, and PPT measure a variety of aspects of balance, whereas the Functional Reach, TU&GT, and CTSIB measure more narrow aspects of balance. All six instruments have been used with older adults and do not require much equipment. The instruments differ in their reliability and validity. Conclusion Familiarity with balance instruments can be helpful in selecting the one most appropriate for clinical setting and clients in order to institute appropriate prevention programs, such as environmental modifications and lifestyle adaptations.
Bridging the Divide: Drinking among Street Drug Users

In this research report, we present findings on drinking among drug users from a larger multimethod study of the public health consequences of emergent, changing, and understudied drug-related behavioral patterns among street drug users in Hartford, CT. Although drinking and illicit drug use traditionally have been studied in anthropology as separate cultural domains, this conceptual division has hindered examination of the significant level of drinking among street drug users, the motivations for heavy drinking in this population, and the public health consequences of mixing alcohol and other drugs, including drug relapse.
Self-organizing brain dynamics by which the goals are constructed that control patterns of muscle actions

Muscle control requires brain mechanisms that construct sequences of actions, predict each next step, and verify through reafference and proprioception that the desired movements are taking place. In a passive information processing system predefined stimuli convey information, which is transduced by receptors into trains of impulses that signify the features of an object. The symbols are processed according to rules for learning and association and are then bound into a representation, which is stored, retrieved and matched with new incoming representations. In active systems perception begins with the emergence of a goal that is implemented by the search for information. The only input accepted is that which is consistent with the goal and is anticipated in conjunction with the acts of searching. The key component to be modeled in brains is the dynamic subsystem that constructs goals and the adaptive actions by which the goals are achieved. The paper discusses how the neurodynamics of goal seeking produces acts of observation. It considers how the limbic system is the organ of intentional behavior.
Marginalized Labeling: An Evaluation of English Speaking Africans Classified as ESL Students

How should we view African students whose first language is English and their mother tongue? Should English speaking African students be placed in an ESL classroom with students whose English is not as proficient as theirs? This paper examines the essays of Nigerian students placed in an ESL class to determine if they are scholastically capable of opting out of the ESL classes required for international students. It also reflects on the classification system for English speaking Africans and their viewpoints on the use of the English language.
The Effect of Light on Dyed-Stilbene Fluorescent-Brightened Wool:

The effect of three representative stilbene fluorescent brighteners on light-induced changes in the color and tensile properties of wool samples dyed with three acid dyes, two reactive dyes, and a ...
Mediastinal Tumors Presenting as Spontaneous Hemothorax, Simulating Aortic Dissection*

The usual causes of hemomediastinum and hemothorax include chest trauma, rupture of an aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. We report two patients who presented with a clinical picture of aortic dissection. In both patients, the chest radiograph revealed anterior mediastinal masses. Aortic dissection could not be excluded on the basis of the chest radiograph, and additional investigation by thoracic aortography was performed. The tumors had undergone spontaneous bleeding into the mediastinum and the pleural space, presumably causing the patients pain. The interesting and unusual causes of spontaneous hemomediastinum and hemothorax are reviewed.
Socio-economic transformation of Akan funeral rites in Ghana: the changing process

Cultural traditions at the end of life solidify societal members. As the world becomes more globalized, socio-economic factors affect how traditional practices are expressed, and the role and toll they make on modern societies. This article examines the contemporary Akan funeral practices in Ghana. Akan lineage members, from birth through puberty, marriage, maturity, old age, go through various rites of passage that bond them culturally and spiritually to others in society. One such ritual is funeral celebration. Funeral celebration, an old practice, has always been at the heart of public social events of Akan people. However, the changes in Ghanaian Akan funerals over the past 4 decades, and their impact on the people, make this an important topic. The article describes the Akan belief of life after death, the respect accorded to the dead, the prestige associated with successful funeral celebrations, and socio-economic factors that continue to shape Akan funeral practices. Socio-economic impact and the resulting challenges are discussed.
Neuronal vs. Subjective Timing for a Conscious Sensory Experience

In order to investigate a relation between conscious experience and specific kinds of neuronal activities, it is virtually necessary to study brain function intracranially in the awake, responsive human subject. Obviously, any such direct experimental investigation is subject to the severe limitations imposed by the rights of the subject and the ethical responsibility not to add unwarranted risks to the therapy. However, it has been possible to utilize gainfully the opportunities afforded by the surgical implantation of electrodes intracranially for therapeutic purposes1,2, in informed and consenting human subjects.When electrode contacts are located in various parts of the cerebral somatosensory system, innocuous electrical stimulation procedures can be employed in a controlled fashion to manipulate and nvestigate neuronal function in a causative, rather than merely correlative, relationship to conscious sensory responses. A subdural stimulus to primary somatosensory cortex (S I) initiates an input different in its entry path and pattern from that generated by a peripheral sensory stimulus. Nevertheless, we have found it possible to elicit conscious sensory experiences with natural-like somatosensory qualities in most subjects by careful regulation of electrical stimulus parameters (particularly of intensity, train duration, and pulse frequency) to near-liminal values3,4,5. This is in contrast to the paresthesias more commonly reported in the pioneering studies of Penfield and others3.
Dependency conflict and sex-role identity in drinking delinquents.

Manifest and covert dependency and sex-role identity were tested in delinquent boys whose misbehavior was accompanied by the use of alcohol. The boys with marked involvement with alcohol scored sig...
Abstract 385: The Impact of Aspirin Primary Prevention Treatment Guidelines: Temporal Trends in Aspirin Use for Primary vs Secondary Prevention, 2005-2013

Background: Current national prevention guidelines recommend use of low dose aspirin (ASA) for both the primary prevention (PP) and secondary prevention (SP) of heart attack and stroke. ASA use for SP has been documented to have increased over the past decade. Since the publication of the 2009 United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for PP ASA use, data describing the trends in PP ASA use in primary care are sparse. This study evaluates trends in PP and SP ASA use in primary care clinics from a large, regional health system over an 8 year period (2005-2013). Methods: A bi-annual cross-sectional electronic medical record (EMR) chart extraction was performed from 2005 to 2013 to evaluate documented ASA use for all patient encounters within primary care clinics in the Fairview Health System (Minnesota). Primary prevention candidates were defined as individuals within the USPSTF guideline age and sex target populations (men aged 45-79, and women aged 55-79 years) with no documented history of an atherosclerotic syndrome or contraindication to ASA use (aspirin allergy, peptic ulcer disease, or concurrent antithrombotic therapy). Secondary prevention candidates were defined as adults within the same age and gender range with a history of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease or ischemic stroke. The ASA treatment to candidacy ratio was calculated for the PP and SP populations. Results: Over 225,000 unique encounters at 66 primary care clinics were analyzed over the 8 year study period. The PP population was younger (60.4±8.7 vs. 66.2±8.3 years), with lower prevalence of hypertension (49 vs. 79%), hyperlipidemia (54 vs. 84%), and diabetes (17 vs. 35%) compared to the SP cohort. The mean SP ASA use of 86% was high, concordant with national trends, and did not change over this period. In contrast, PP ASA average use was 44% with no increase after publication of the 2009 USPSTF guideline. Documented contraindications to ASA use were uncommon (ASA allergy, 2.1 and 2.8%; peptic ulcer disease, 3.2 and 7.2%; and use of other antithrombotic medications, 4.6 and 32.6% in PP and SP populations respectively). Conclusion: Secondary prevention ASA use in primary care settings remains high, but ASA use for primary prevention of cardiovascular events is low. Despite creation of national guidelines, aspirin use in the PP population is half the rate of ASA use for secondary prevention. Additional methods to safely and effectively disseminate this primary prevention aspirin use recommendation, targeting both the public and health care providers, are warranted.
Electrophysiologic Effects of Verapamil on Cells Bordering Healed Myocardial Infarction in the Cat

AbstractVerapamil (1 μg/ml) completely abolished a population of markedly depressed action potentials of cells (BZ-1) in border zones around healed infarcts. Even at higher concentrations, verapamil had no such inhibitory effect on other border zone cells (BZ-2), normal and central infarct zones cells. BZ-1 cells demonstrated a severely depressed Vmax (<20 V/sec), accompanied by partial depolarization, while BZ-2 cells were characterized by abbreviated duration. Verapamil only significantly depressed Vmax of BZ-1 cells. Action potential amplitude and action potential duration at 50% repolarization of all cells were abbreviated by verapamil. These results indicate slow inward currents may be involved in the genesis of action potentials in BZ-1 cells.
The therapeutic comparison of auxiliary laparoscopic and open radical resection for colorectal cancer

Objective To observe the efficacy and complications of auxiliary laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer in order to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic treatment in colorectal cancer.Methods 63 cases with colorectal cancer,who were hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2009 were divided into two groups according to their operative methods.The observation group(n=33) were treated by auxiliary laparoscopic resection and the control group(n=30) were treated by open radical resection.The incision length,the operation time,the intraoperative blood loss,the anal exsufflation time,the early activity time out of bed,the hospitalization time,the postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Results ①The operation process of both groups were smooth going.The incision length of the observation group was shorter and their operation time was longer.Also the intraoperative blood loss of the observation group was less than those of the control group(P0.01).②The anal exsufflation time,the early activity time out of bed,the retention time of the urinary tube,the hospitalization time of observation group were shorter than those of the control group(P0.01).③The comparison of the postoperative complication rates was statistically significant(P0.05).However,there were no significant differences between the pathological types and the postoperative investigation result of these two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Auxiliary laparoscopic resection has reliable efficacy and leads to little trauma,less bleeding,quickerpostoperative recovery and less complications.It is an advanced operation method for colorectal cancer and worth popularizing.
Changes in surfactant protein gene expression in a neonatal rabbit model of hyperoxia-induced fibrosis

Lung injuries, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, alter the surfactant system. We developed a newborn rabbit model of acute, followed by chronic, hyperoxic injury to study surfactant protein (SP) gene expression. Initial litters were exposed to >95% O2 until 50% died (LD50; 7-11 days old). Subsequent litters were exposed to >95% O2 for 8 days, followed by 60% O2 until 22-36 days. Controls were exposed to room air. LD50 animals displayed acute pulmonary inflammation, edema, protein leak, and surfactant dysfunction. These changes resolved, and fibrosis developed by 22 days. Whole lung SP-A mRNA expression (measured by membrane hybridization) was twice control levels at 4 days of >95% O2, with specific elevations in terminal bronchioles and type II cells at 4 days and the LD50 by in situ hybridization. Whole lung SP-B and SP-C mRNA were unchanged from control throughout exposure. However, in situ hybridization showed elevations in SP-B and SP-C mRNA in type II cells in inflamed areas at the LD50. SP mRNA alterations resolved by 22-36 days. The surfactant system recovers from acute hyperoxic injury, despite continued 60% O2 exposure.
Simplifying parser generation

This paper describes Squirrel, a parser generator that uses a modification of the Packrat algorithm [7]. Squirrel is designed to avoid many of the complexities often associated with parser generators. Students in a CS3 course were able to learn to use Squirrel in about a week. These students were successful in using Squirrel to create parsers for subsets of the Logo programming language and HTML. Squirrel is distributed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and it may be downloaded from http://ozark.hendrix.edu/~ferrer/software/squirrel/.
The suborder Urostylina Jankowski (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida): Morphology, systematics, and identification of species

Etude de l'anatomie interne et des structures ciliaires permettant l'identification des especes du sous ordre Urostylina. Description de Bakuella variabilis n.sp. Holosticha estuarii n.sp. et H. polystylata n.sp. On erige Pseudokeronopsis n.g. renfermant des especes assignees precedemment a Keronopsis
Association Between Medicare Star Ratings for Patient Experience and Medicare Spending per Beneficiary for US Hospitals

Objective:To test the association between patient experience and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) spending at the hospital level.Methods:Using CMS Hospital Compare data set, we anal...
Is it Sjögren's syndrome or burning mouth syndrome? Distinct pathoses with similar oral symptoms

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) typically occur in postmenopausal women. Although these conditions have significantly different etiopathogeneses, patients with SS or BMS often present with analogous oral complaints. The similarities between the two conditions have led to considerable confusion on the part of medical and dental practitioners, and those with BMS or SS often wait years to receive a diagnosis. Therefore, it is imperative for clinicians to understand the characteristic subjective and objective features of each disease and how these can be used to distinguish them. This review will discuss the proposed etiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnostic criteria, and patient management of SS and BMS. We also identify key differences between the two pathoses that aid in establishing the correct diagnosis. Recognition of the defining features of each condition will lead to reduced time to diagnosis and improved patient management for these poorly understood conditions.
Local Partial Clique and Cycle Covers for Index Coding

We present a generalized novel upper-bound (and encoding scheme) - in the form of the minimum value of a linear program - for optimal index coding. Our scheme combines the notions of local chromatic number and partial clique covering into a new definition of the local partial clique cover, which outperforms the previous bounds such as the one by Arbabjolfaei and Kim, 2014. Further, we look at the upper bound derived recently by Thapa et al., 2015, and extend their $n$-$\mathsf{GIC}$ (Generalized Interlinked Cycle) construction to $(k,n)$-$\mathsf{GIC}$ graphs, which are a generalization of $k$-partial cliques.
A Low-Cost and Simplified Digital Image Correlation Software Package for Use in Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories

Digital image correlation (DIC) has become an industry staple quickly replacing classic techniques. High-speed images are taken of a material sample being deformed, then algorithms applied to calculate variables of sample deformation such as stress, strain, displacement and displacement velocity. Currently, the analysis technology is not available at the level of simplicity and accessibility needed to teach the methods in an undergraduate laboratory. This project aims to develop a single program to perform DIC that is simple to use, accurate, and available at low cost. This paper describes the state of current DIC algorithm research, drawbacks of available technologies, the development cycle of the software including the techniques used to obtain the necessary accuracy and performance, and a demonstration of the DIC functionality in comparison to results obtained from commercial software.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Class Formation and Inequality Structures in Contemporary African Migration: Evidence from Ghana by John A. Arthur (review)

Arthur, John A. Class Formation and Inequality Structures in Contemporary African Migration: Evidence from Ghana. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014. In Class Formation and Inequality Structures in Contemporary African Migration: Evidence from Ghana, John A. Arthur attempts to insert class and inequality narratives into post-colonial African migration and Diaspora scholarship using Ghanaian experiences. He looks at how the class dynamic plays out in the countries of origination and also in the various destinations or host countries. The book is an interesting one; and as the author himself indicates, it is one that will "hopefully open up a discussion and illuminate the inter-connections between African class structures, social inequalities, and migration" (p. xi). Grounding his thesis in the assertions of Bahr et al. (2002), Arthur argues that "South-North migration is principally driven by the concept of inequality in varied forms, especially the disparate distribution of goods and services, or lack of access to structural opportunities" (p. xi). In the book, which has seven chapters, the author asserts that although a good number of books deal with the sociological and non-sociological factors involved in defining the nature, content, and outcomes of African migration, none devotes attention to how post-colonial class and constructions have been influential. Arthur's discussion of various theories and general data pertaining to migration is impressive; the book is equally very strong on what Arthur refers to as the layers of social class formations in Ghana pointing out that decades of planned and unplanned biases in the distribution of economic and cultural opportunities have created permanent social, cultural, and economic disparities among regions impacting social mobility widening and aggravating nascent social class differentials in the country. The author proffers quite a brilliant description of the lives of immigrant Ghanaian underclass and professionals in the United States. Arthur's anticipation of his work "opening up discussions" will certainly be met. Although he does not fully discuss the element of class intricacies and nuances in Africa, he makes several passing references to that effect. For instance, he states that "my attempt to bring a sociological praxis to unravel the relationship between class and migration was made even more difficult by the intricate systems of class structures operating simultaneously in variegated forms in Ghana, and by extension in other places in Africa" (p. xv). Also, he states, "the outcomes of the subjective and objective connotations that class sentiments may evoke in social structural settings are often very difficult to understand not only cross-culturally but even within the same geographically bounded entity such as the nation-state" (p. …
A Study on the Effects of Release Area on the Quality Factor of Contour-Mode Resonators by Laser Doppler Vibrometry

Through the use of a laser Doppler vibrometer, it is shown that a 31% variation in quality factor can occur due to the effect of undercutting of the device layers outside of the anchors of a 220-MHz aluminum nitride contour-mode resonator. This undercutting is a result of the isotropic etch process used to release the device from the substrate. This paper shows that the variation in $Q$ is a function of the release distance, $L$ , between the active region of the resonator and the edge of this released region. This paper also determined a design modification that eliminated this issue and achieved a $Q$ of 3048, which is independent of $L$ .
Extended Case Duration and Hypotension Are Associated With Higher-grade Postoperative Complications After Urinary Diversion for Non-oncological Disease.

Objective To report survival for patients who undergo urinary diversion for benign indications and to identify risk factors for morbidity at 90 days. Methods This is a retrospective review of consecutive urinary diversions with or without cystectomy for non-oncological indications at a single institution. The indication for diversion was intractable incontinence, upper tract deterioration, urinary fistula, and unmanageable bladder pain. Patients were categorized according to their most severe complication within 90 days of surgery, using the Clavien-Dindo system. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with high-grade complications. Survival analysis was performed. Results Between 2007 and 2014, 141 patients underwent urinary diversion for non-oncological indications. The postoperative rate of high-grade adverse events (class III or greater) was 28%. Risk factors for class III or greater complications at 90 days included prolonged intraoperative mean arterial pressure below 75% of baseline, operative duration greater than 343 minutes, and postoperative vasopressor requirement. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a 1- and 5-year survival of 88.4% and 77.2%, respectively. The long-term survival of patients who experienced higher-grade complications was not statistically different from the survival of the rest of the group. The study was limited by a retrospective design and sample size in identifying additional variables associated with increased risk of long-term mortality. Conclusion Urinary diversion for non-oncological conditions has a good 5-year survival in this cohort. Extended case duration and hemodynamic instability during or immediately after urinary diversion are associated with a high-grade complication within 90 days of the procedure.
National Bodies: Political Ontology, Cultural Citizenship, and Migrant Rugby

Athletes, their bodies, and their sport performances validate and vivify the nation by lending physical form to an imagined community. For bodies to express and enact so consistently as to constitu...
Reproducibility and Reliability of the Radiographic Angles Used to Assess Tailor's Bunions.

Background: Tailor's bunion, or bunionette, deformity is a common condition of the lateral forefoot. To aid in assessing the deformity, radiographic angular measurements are frequently used. The ob...
Animation Stimuli System for Research on Instructor Gestures in Education

Education research has shown that instructor gestures can help capture, maintain, and direct the student’s attention during a lecture as well as enhance learning and retention. Traditional education research on instructor gestures relies on video stimuli, which are time consuming to produce, especially when gesture precision and consistency across conditions are strictly enforced. The proposed system allows users to efficiently create accurate and effective stimuli for complex studies on gesture, without the need for computer animation expertise or artist talent.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, and Dialysis

A new disease, Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was identified in the early 1980’s, when it was observed that an unusually high number of otherwise healthy gay men in San Francisco, developed Kaposi’s sarcoma, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1, 2). Before the discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as the causative agent, and refinements were made in various serological methods to detect and confirm viral infection, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), established a working definition of AIDS as a disease characterized by the development of opportunistic infection, and/or Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with no prior immunodeficiency. Although extensive clinical experiences reported todate have greatly advanced our knowledge about AIDS, yet the therapeutic armamentarium currently available for treatment are far from satisfactory, and patient morbidity and mortality continues to be very high. On the other hand, the prognosis in many patients who are HIV seropositive (asymptomatic carriers of the virus), is much favorable, and a variable number of such individuals develop clinical AIDS over the subsequent years. At present, evidences are beginning to accumulate which shows that Zidovudine (AZT) treatment of HIV seropositive individuals is likely to improve the survival further.
The Provider's Experience of Delivering an Education-Based Wellness Program via Telehealth

Provider acceptance is a first step to implementing a successful telehealth program. This pilot study examined the experience of six providers delivering an education-based wellness program in a telehealth format. Providers indicated an overall positive experience with high Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) total scores (5.6 ± 1.1) and in their comments. High TUQ subscale scores for Usefulness (6.7 ± 0.4) and Ease of Use (5.3 ± 0.3) indicated providers found the telehealth system usable. Strong relationship bonds that developed offset the reported drawback of technical issues related to connectivity and audio. Providers with a wide range of computer experience all reported synchronous remote training via phone and videoconference meetings was adequate to prepare them to deliver classes via telehealth. This research indicates motivated providers with varying technology experience can have a positive telehealth experience with customized remote support.
The Uphill Climb: A Transnational Perspective on Wealth Accumulation among Latino Immigrants in Durham, NC.

Wealth accumulation is a key dimension of ethno-racial stratification, and, among immigrants, an important indicator of incorporation. Dramatically low assets among immigrant Latinos is thus a pres...
Flutter Suppression for Damaged High-Aspect-Ratio Wings: Implementation in Abaqus

An Abaqus implementation of a flutter suppression control system for a joined three-dimensional (3D)/one-dimensional (1D) finite element model of damaged high-aspect-ratio wings is presented. By do...