cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cosmological hydrogen recombination: The effect of extremely high-n states

Calculations of cosmological hydrogen recombination are vital for the extraction of cosmological parameters from cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations, and for imposing constraints to inflation and reionization. The Planck mission and future experiments will make high precision measurements of CMB anisotropies at angular scales as small as l∼2500, necessitating a calculation of recombination with fractional accuracy of ≈10^(-3). Recent work on recombination includes two-photon transitions from high excitation states and many radiative transfer effects. Modern recombination calculations separately follow angular momentum sublevels of the hydrogen atom to accurately treat nonequilibrium effects at late times (z<900). The inclusion of extremely high-n (n≳100) states of hydrogen is then computationally challenging, preventing until now a determination of the maximum n needed to predict CMB anisotropy spectra with sufficient accuracy for Planck. Here, results from a new multilevel-atom code (RecSparse) are presented. For the first time, “forbidden” quadrupole transitions of hydrogen are included, but shown to be negligible. RecSparse is designed to quickly calculate recombination histories including extremely high-n states in hydrogen. Histories for a sequence of values as high as n_(max)=250 are computed, keeping track of all angular momentum sublevels and energy shells of the hydrogen atom separately. Use of an insufficiently high n_(max) value (e.g., n_(max)=64) leads to errors (e.g., 1.8σ for Planck) in the predicted CMB power spectrum. Extrapolating errors, the resulting CMB anisotropy spectra are converged to ~0.5σ at Fisher-matrix level for n_(max)=128, in the purely radiative case.
Elongation of axons in an agar matrix that does not support cell locomotion.

Abstract Axons elongate from 8-day embryonic chick spinal ganglion neurons cultured in a soft agar matrix or on a firm agar substratum. Glial cells from the same ganglia are unable to spread or show locomotory behavior (ruffling) in or on the agar, but do spread and show ruffling activity at the agarplastic interface or when replated from agar onto plastic. Axons elongated into or on agar retract much more slowly when treated with colchicine than do similar axons on plastic dishes.
Analyses of Particles in the Lung Free Cell, Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodal, and Pleural Space Compartments Following their Deposition in the Lung as Related to Lung Clearance Mechanisms

Abstract The translocation of particles from the alveolar compartment to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes and pleural space was investigated in rats over a 30 day period following the intratracheal instillation of 4 × 108 polystyrene (1.9 μm dia.) microspheres. With regard to particle clearance to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, the accumulation of particles, most of which were extracellular, was kinetically biphasic with the most rapid phase occurring within the first 24 hours. Over the Day 1–30 period, the numbers of particles in the lymph nodes increased linearly to a value representing ≃ 0.3 % of the initial lung burden. The percentages of the nodal particles that were associated with nodal mononuclear phagocytes (NMP) over the course of the study were inversely proportional to nodal particulate burdens, even though the percentage of cells with engulfed particles increased; the percentage of NMP asymptotically approached a maximum value over the range of nodal burdens of 6–12 × 105 particles. The distributions of the microspheres in the NMP were essentially identical on Days 1, 14, and 30. Major differences in the distributions of particles in lavaged alveolar macrophages (AM) and NMP were not consistent with the notion that AM randomly migrate to the nodes. Moreover, our findings that most of the particles contained in the lymph nodes were not associated with NMP suggests they arrived at the tracheobronchial nodes as free particles. With regard to the alveolar clearance of particles to the pleural space, our investigations revealed that sampling of this latter compartment for particles by lavage of the pleural space compartment can result in erroneously high particle numbers, and that unlike observations reported for some fibres, the passage of particles to the pleural space does not appear to represent a lung clearance pathway for the types of particles used in our study.
Photooxidation of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum induces rapid calcium release.

Abstract The photooxidizing xanthene dye rose bengal is shown to induce rapid Ca 2+ release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles. In the presence of light, nanomolar concentrations of rose bengal increase the Ca 2+ permeability of the SR and stimulate the production of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). In the absence of light, no 1 O 2 production is measured. Under these conditions, higher concentrations of rose bengal (micromolar) are required to stimulate Ca 2+ release. Furthermore, removal of oxygen from the release medium results in marked inhibition of the light-dependent reaction rate. Rose bengal-induced Ca 2+ release is relatively insensitive to Mg 2+ . At nanomolar concentrations, rose bengal inhibits [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to its receptor. β,γ-Methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP, inhibits rose bengal-induced Ca 2+ release and prevents rose bengal inhibition of [ 3 H]ryanodine binding. Ethoxyformic anhydride, a histidine modifying reagent, at millimolar concentrations induces Ca 2+ release from SR vesicles in a manner similar to that of rose bengal. The molecular mechanism underlying rose bengal modification of the Ca 2+ release system of the SR appears to involve a modification of a histidyl residue associated with the Ca 2+ release protein from SR. The light-depedent reaction appears to be mediated by singlet oxygen.
VASCULAR ENCASEMENT OF CASTLEMAN'S DISEASE MIMICKING A SARCOMA

Castleman’s disease is a rare benign lymphoid tumor of unknown etiology, which usually involves the mediastinum.1 We report a case of Castleman’s disease of the left renal hilum, which encased the renal pedicle and mimicked a retroperitoneal sarcoma. CASE REPORT
Radar studies of the Martian surface at centimeter wavelengths: The 1975 opposition

The Goldstone radar system was operated at wavelengths of 3.5 and 12.6 cm to probe the Martian surface during the 1975 opposition. Regions studied in detail by range-Doppler techniques are Syrtis Major, Sinus Meridiani, and the crater Schiaparelli. Average rms slopes of 1.6 and 1.1 deg were measured in Syrtis Major at 3.5 and 12.6 cm, respectively, while the average reflectivity was about 0.064 at both wavelengths. No wavelength dependence of surface roughness was seen in Sinus Meridiani, where rms surface slopes averaged 1.8 deg and the reflectivity was about 0.08. The regions around Schiaparelli were probed at a 12.6-cm wavelength. The echo from the bottom of the crater was undetectable. Operating at 3.5 cm during May and June of 1976, 149 CW echo spectra were obtained near latitude 18 deg, sampling most longitudes including the early Viking landing sites. The average total radar cross section is 4.8% of the geometrical cross section. The diffuse component was estimated to be 1.9%, leaving 2.9% to the average quasi-specular component. The average rms slope is 4.1 deg.
Infrared spectrum of matrix-isolated HOF

Abstract The i.r. spectrum of molecular HOF was measured in dilute matrices obtained by codepositing pure HOF with N 2 at ca . 8°K. The fundamental frequencies observed are 886.0, 1359.0 and 3537.1 cm −1 . These results are compared with values obtained previously, and discrepancies are discussed.
Aspects of discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic conservation laws

We review several properties of the discontinuous Galerkin method for solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws including basis construction, flux evaluation, solution limiting, adaptivity, and a posteriori error estimation. Regarding error estimation, we show that the leading term of the spatial discretization error using the discontinuous Galerkin method with degree p piecewise polynomials is proportional to a linear combination of orthogonal polynomials on each element of degrees p and p+1. These are Radau polynomials in one dimension. The discretization errors have a stronger superconvergence of order O(h2p+1), where h is a mesh-spacing parameter, at the outflow boundary of each element. These results are used to construct asymptotically correct a posteriori estimates of spatial discretization errors in regions where solutions are smooth.We present the results of applying the discontinuous Galerkin method to unsteady, two-dimensional, compressible, inviscid flow problems. These include adaptive computations of Mach reflection and mixing-instability problems.
Exhaled nitric oxide predicts radiation pneumonitis in esophageal and lung cancer patients receiving thoracic radiation.

Abstract Background and purpose Radiation pneumonitis is a significant toxicity following thoracic radiotherapy with no method to predict individual risk. Materials and methods Sixty-five patients receiving thoracic radiation for lung or esophageal cancer were enrolled in a phase II study. Each patient received respiratory surveys and exhaled nitric oxide measurements before, on the last day of, and 30–60days after completing radiotherapy (RT). Pneumonitis toxicity was scored using the common terminology criteria for adverse events, version 4.0. The demographics, dosimetric factors, and nitric oxide ratio (NOR) of end RT/pre-RT were evaluated for correlation with symptomatic patients (Grade ⩾2). Results Fifty patients completed the trial. The pneumonitis toxicity score was: Grade 3 for 1 patient, Grade 2 for 6 patients, Grade 1 for 18 patients, and Grade 0 for 25 patients. Dosimetric factors were not predictive of symptoms. The NOR was 3.0±1.8 (range 1.47–6.73) for the symptomatic and 0.78±0.29 (range 0.33–1.37) for the asymptomatic patients ( p =0.006). A threshold NOR of 1.4 separated symptomatic and asymptomatic patients ( p Conclusions Elevation in eNO on the last day of radiotherapy predicted subsequent symptomatic radiation pneumonitis weeks to months after treatment.
Comparative dynamics in a life cycle theory of the firm

Abstract Important insights and contributions to the corporate financial manager's decision problem have been provided by the balanced-growth financial modeling literature, e.g., see [4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15]. In the spirit of this research, the objective of this paper is twofold. First, a normative model of the dynamic financial planning process in a deterministic environment is constructed wherein the traditional, steady-state assumptions are relaxed. In contrast to prior models, the firm is allowed to pay a liquidating dividend and faces a time-dependent investment rate of return, interest rate, and equity discount rate. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the levered firm's optimal investment-financing-dividend policy decisions which maximize the wealth of its investors are developed, and a solution synthesis technique is employed to catalogue the different decisions at each time instant in terms of three earnings-growth stages over the firm's life cycle. Over this life cycle, the firm experiences high, low, and negative growth stages, with the latter stage distinguished by a liquidating dividend payout and retirement of debt outstanding. Secondly, the life cycle depiction further permits an analysis of the effects, in terms of both direction and magnitude, on the optimal duration of the firm's different growth stages and optimal growth rates due to changes in the firm's return on investment, debt-equity ratio, borrowing rate, equity discount rate, depreciation rate, and flotation costs via a comparative dynamics and simulation framework. Changes in the return on investment are found to have the most influence on the duration of the firm's growth periods and their respective earnings growth rates, while changes in the mix of financing and depreciation rate tend to have the least effect. Furthermore, the magnitudinal impact of marginal changes in any of the above firm variables is greatest at low levels of debt-to-equity and growth-in-earnings and quickly dissipates as the degree of leverage increases.
AKR leukemogenesis: identification and biological significance of thymic lymphoma receptors for AKR retroviruses.

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that in vitro cell lines of mouse thymic lymphomas express surface receptors specific for the retrovirus that induced them. This study extends these observations to an analysis of receptor-bearing cells in the preleukemic and leukemic phases of spontaneous AKR thymic lymphomagenesis. AKR mice regularly begin expressing N-tropic retroviruses (as assayed on NIH fibroblasts by the XC plaque assay) in several tissues early in life; thymic lymphocytes also express these viruses, but are not autonomously transformed. Later thymic lymphomas emerge which are capable of metastasizing in the host of origin or transplanting leukemias into syngeneic hosts. Just prior to the appearance of thymic lymphomas, these mice also begin producing xenotropic retroviruses [as assayed in xenogeneic (For example, mink) fibroblasts], and concomitant with the appearance of the leukemias is the appearance of "recombinant" retroviruses which cause mink fibroblast foci (MCF); these viruses express elements of both N- and X-tropic virus envelopes and N-tropic viral gene products in their cores. Spontaneous AKR leukemias also produce other retroviruses which do not cause XC plaques or mink fibroblast foci; these are called SL viruses. The subject of this study was to test whether in vivo thymocytes in the preleukemic and leukemic periods also bear receptors specific for N-tropic, recombinant MCF and SL AKR retroviruses. We demonstrated that each spontaneous thymic lymphoma does bear receptors that bind viruses produced by the lymphomas and MCF-247 to a high degree and that bind N-ecotropic AKR retroviruses less well. Thymic lymphocytes predominating in the preleukemic period do not express detectable levels of receptors for either of the viruses. In some mice, receptor-positive cells co-exist with receptor-negative cells; only the receptor-positive cells are capable of transplanting leukemia to syngeneic hosts. We conclude that the presence of specific cell surface receptors for lymphoma cell-produced and recombinant AKR retroviruses is a marker for leukemia in these hosts.
Stand Dynamics and Yield Components of Alfalfa as Affected by Phosphorus Fertility

Stand maintenance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) relies on the persistence of the original plants. Yield (yield per plant, yield per shoot) and stand components (plants per square meter, shoots per square meter, shoots per plant) were studied in two experiments designed to determine yield response to P on a low P soil (Windthorst fine sandy loam; fine, mixed, thermic, Udic Paleustalfs) near Stephenville, TX. Three preplant incorporated rates of P (0, 29, and 59 kg ha-1) and five annual surface broadcast rates of P (0, 7, 15, 29, 59 kg ha-1) were applied to two field experiments established in September 1988 and 1989. The experimental design was a split plot in four randomized blocks. Whole plots were incorporated P rates and subplots were annual broadcast P rates. Plants and shoots per square meter were counted 4 and 8 wk after planting in 1988 and 1989, at each harvest in 1989 and 1990, and at the beginning and end of the season in 1991. Relative distribution of root mass to a 90-cm depth was determined in the fall of 1990 and 1991 for selected treatments. Phosphorus incorporated before planting increased alfalfa dry matter (DM) yields more efficiently than did broadcast P. Plant and shoot densities did not differ among treatments; thus, low yields at low P levels were a function of reduced yield per shoot. Delayed application of P on fall-planted alfalfa did not affect plant density. Under O-P, root mass was concentrated in the upper 20 cm of soil, whereas under adequate to high P, more root mass was distributed throughout the upper 40 to 50 cm.
Stabilization of vinylidene chloride barrier resins

Vinylidene chloride copolymers have a number of superior properties, most notably a high barrier to the transport of oxygen and other small molecules. As a consequence, these materials have assumed a position of prominence in the packaging industry. At processing temperatures these copolymers tend to undergo degradative dehydrochlorination. Unsaturation generated via interaction of the polymer with a variety of agents commonly encountered during polymerization or processing introduces an allylic dichloromethylene unit which may function as a major defect (labile) site for the initiation of degradation. Three approaches to the potential stabilization of these materials have been examined. The first involved the addition of agents, e.g. metal formates, capable of converting labile dichlormethylene units into non-reactive groups which would interrupt propagation of the degradative dehydrochlorination. The second involved the incorporation into the polymer of a commoner capable of scavenging free chlorine atoms. The third involved the preparation of copolymers which contains units capable of reaction with (consumption of) a mole of hydrogen chloride to expose a good free radical stabilizer to scavenge chlorine atoms.
Update in cardiology.

Among the topics covered in this Update are the prevention of coronary artery disease, use of antithrombins, and treatment of congestive heart failure.
The effect of nitrogen addition to Ar/CH4 plasmas on the growth, morphology and field emission of ultrananocrystalline diamond

Abstract The effect of the addition of nitrogen to plasmas during the CVD growth of diamond films on field emission properties has been studied. Ultrananocrystalline diamond with 5–15 nm grain size has been grown with the incorporation of nitrogen up to 8×1020 atoms/cm3. Field emission onsets as low as 2 V/μm have been achieved. UV Raman and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements show an increase in the sp2 content in the films with nitrogen in the plasma compared to films without N2 addition. A model is discussed in which the nitrogen preferentially enters the grain boundaries and promotes sp2 bonding in the neighboring carbon atoms. The increase in the sp2 content appears to improve the field emission properties of the films.
Development and evaluation of a nutrient cycling extension for the LANDIS-II landscape simulation model

Abstract Long-term nutrient cycling dynamics are the result of interactions between forest succession, disturbance, nutrient cycling, and other forest processes. We developed NuCycling-Succession, a simple nutrient cycling and succession extension for the LANDIS-II landscape model of forest dynamics, to examine the interactions between these forest processes in order to develop more realistic predictions of forest response to management practices and global change. NuCycling-Succession models carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrient fluxes and masses associated with the living biomass, dead biomass, soil organic matter, soil mineral N and P, charcoal, and bedrock nutrient pools. It includes direct effects of disturbance events on nutrient cycling as well as indirect effects mediated through changes in forest composition and structure. NuCycling-Succession represents the continuum of decomposition and associated changes in chemistry using annual cohorts of leaf and fine root litter. This formulation includes the interaction of decomposition dynamics with disturbances that affect the forest floor, such as fire. Evaluation of model results relative to field data and results reported in the literature indicate the model adequately represents nutrient pools and fluxes. We present a case study of the effects of changing fire and biomass harvesting regimes on nutrient cycling in the Lake Tahoe Basin. Model results suggest that fire exclusion has resulted in substantially increased mass of nutrient pools. The NuCycling-Succession extension provides a useful simulation framework for exploring how global change factors (climate change, altered disturbance regimes) may influence nutrient cycling processes and nutrient budgets in forested ecosystems.
"I'm Not an Immigrant!": Resistance, Redefinition, and the Role of Resources in Identity Work*

In this paper we examine the identity negotiation processes of North African immigrant women in France. Participants engaged in various forms of identity work, including selective association and management of appearance, as well as resisting others' attempts to categorize them as immigrants. Given that these women have chosen to move to France and remain there, this finding is surprising. Using the concept of the Not-Me identity, we explore how people can redefine and refuse labels that seem to be self-evident and to lack room for negotiation. At the same time, we examine how class and educational resources and other structural factors influence these immigrant women's ability to control others' perceptions of their identity.
The Incidence of Potential Candidates for Total Disc Replacement among Lumbar and Cervical Fusion Patient Populations.

Study D Design: Retrospective chart review. Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of potential total disc replacement (TDR) candidates among cervical and lumbar fusion patient populations using strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria and with relative exclusion criteria removed. Overview o of L Literature: Recent studies suggest that the potential percentage of patients that are candidates for TDR ranges from 0-5% in lumbar fusions and 43% in cervical fusions. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 280 consecutive patients who had lumbar (n = 174) and cervical (n = 106) fusion or TDR performed by one of four independent adult orthopaedic spine surgeons. Charts were screened for investigational device exemption (IDE) inclusion/exclusion criteria and later reanalyzed excluding relative exclusion criteria, such as history of chronic medical illness, twolevel disease (cervical cases), and history of prior fusion surgery in the anatomic region. Results: Of the 174 lumbar surgeries, 10 were TDR with Prodisc-L and 164 were lumbar fusions. The most common TDR exclusion criteria were lytic spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis (47.7% of patients) and more than 2 level degenerative disc disease (37.9%). 14.9% had no IDE exclusion criteria and would be considered candidates for TDR. After excluding the relative lumbar exclusion criteria, this percentage increased to 25.8%. Of the 106 cervical cases, 3 had a TDR with Prodisc-C and 103 had a cervical fusion. Twenty eight percent had no IDE exclusion criteria and would be considered candidates for cervical TDR. Conclusions: A larger percentage of cervical fusion candidates are potential candidates for TDR (28%) than lumbar fusion candidates (14.9%) based on the strict IDE criteria.
Diversity and demography in Beringia: multilocus tests of paleodistribution models reveal the complex history of arctic ground squirrels.

To assess effects of historical climate change on northern species, we quantified the population history of the arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii), an arctic-adapted rodent that evolved in Beringia and was strongly influenced by climatic oscillations of the Quaternary. Competing hypotheses for the species’ population history were derived from patterns of mitochondrial (mtDNA) structure and a bioclimatic envelope model (BEM). Hypotheses invoked (1) sequential isolation of regional populations beginning with the Arctic, (2) deep isolation only across central Alaska, and (3) widespread panmixia, and were tested using coalescent methods applied to eight nuclear (nDNA) loci. The data rejected strict interpretations of all three hypotheses, but perspectives underlying each encompassed aspects of the species’ history. Concordance between mtDNA and nDNA geographic structure revealed three semi-independently evolving phylogroups, whereas signatures of gene flow at nDNA loci were consistent with a historical contact between certain populations as inferred by the BEM. Demographic growth was inferred for all regions despite expectations of postglacial habitat contraction for parts of Beringia. Our results highlight the complementary perspectives on species’ histories that multiple lines of evidence provide, and underscore the utility of multilocus data for resolving complex population histories relevant to understanding effects of climate change.
Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Secondary to Fibrosing Mediastinitis: Management with Cutting Balloon Angioplasty and Endovascular Stenting:

Cutting balloon angioplasty is a common treatment modality in the pediatric population for pulmonary artery stenosis. We present an adult with histoplasmosis induced fibrosing mediastinitis resulting in pulmonary artery stenosis that was successfully treated with cutting balloon angioplasty and subsequent stent deployment. Percutaneous endovascular stent placement has be shown to effectively alleviate pulmonary artery stenosis, however in-stent restenosis does limit durability. Pharmacologic therapy is indicated with either mediastinal adenitis or mediastinal granuloma with anti-fungal agents such as amphotericin B and itraconazole. Surgical intervention for histoplasmosis induced fibrosing mediastinitis is rarely indicated and may result in fatal complications that stem from mediastinal fibrosis due to resultant destruction of surgical planes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of utilizing cutting balloon angioplasty and stent insertion for the treatment of histoplasmosis induced fibrosing mediastinitis complicated by pulmonary artery stenosis.
Managing Student Group Projects in an Introductory Materials Science Course

In an introductory materials science course for mechanical and industrial engineering sophomores, a term-long student team project is included as a graded activity. Successful completion of the project fulfills three course objectives where students learn 1) to compose professional reports in teams and demonstrate effective communication skills, 2) to apply introductory concepts of materials science well enough to follow technical articles on various topics, and 3) to locate resources to gather additional information related to a topic. To help students learn to research a topic, to write, to work in teams, and to speak publicly, the course includes guest lectures with various instructors with expertise in library research skills, technical writing, and communication studies. Course assessment indicates that sophomores find their projects interesting and they report learning a lot about the topics they selected. Interventions in the early stages of the curriculum allow the students to perform better during their senior year Capstone Design Project. The details of how the projects are managed will be described.
Development and characterization of a dynamic lesion phantom for the quantitative evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Purpose: To develop a dynamic lesion phantom that is capable of producing physiological kinetic curves representative of those seen in human dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) data. The objective of this phantom is to provide a platform for the quantitative comparison of DCE-MRI protocols to aid in the standardization and optimization of breast DCE-MRI. Methods: The dynamic lesion consists of a hollow, plastic mold with inlet and outlet tubes to allow flow of a contrast agent solution through the lesion over time. Border shape of the lesion can be controlled using the lesion mold production method. The configuration of the inlet and outlet tubes was determined using fluid transfer simulations. The total fluid flow rate was determined using x-ray images of the lesion for four different flow rates (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml/s) to evaluate the resultant kinetic curve shape and homogeneity of the contrast agent distribution in the dynamic lesion. High spatial and temporal resolution x-ray measurements were used to estimate the true kinetic curve behavior in the dynamic lesion for benign and malignant example curves. DCE-MRI example data were acquired of the dynamic phantom using a clinical protocol. Results: The optimal inlet and outlet tube configuration for the lesion molds was two inlet molds separated by 30 � and a single outlet tube directly between the two inlet tubes. X-ray measurements indicated that 1.0 ml/s was an appropriate total fluid flow rate and provided truth for comparison with MRI data of kinetic curves representative of benign and malignant lesions. DCE-MRI data demonstrated the ability of the phantom to produce realistic kinetic curves. Conclusions: The authors have constructed a dynamic lesion phantom, demonstrated its ability to produce physiological kinetic curves, and provided estimations of its true kinetic curve behavior. This lesion phantom provides a tool for the quantitative evaluation of DCE-MRI protocols, which may lead to improved discrimination of breast cancer lesions. V C 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3633911]
A university-oriented Web 2.0 services portal

This paper reports several key challenges and solutions when we apply Web 2.0 mashup technology to build a university-oriented services portal. A two-layer mashup service model is proposed as the underlying basis to support multiple granularities of services mashup. We explore a caching technique to facilitate personalizable services requests. We also report our study of mashing up Facebook as a social relationship data source.
Immediate Placement and Restoration of an Implant in an Infected Socket in the Esthetic Zone

Introduction: Despite recent reports on immediate implant placement in infected sockets, it remains unclear whether positive functional and esthetic results are repeatable in treating teeth with periapical infections. This case report describes important diagnostic factors and decision-making steps in the treatment planning of a fractured tooth with a periapical lesion in the anterior maxilla.Case Presentation: A healthy, non-smoking 36-year-old male patient presented with the chief complaint of trauma to the right maxillary central incisor. Radiographs displayed horizontal root fracture and a periapical lesion. Treatment comprised extraction of the fractured tooth with minimal trauma, followed by immediate implant placement and provisionalization. Clinical and radiographic analyses at 12 months after surgery showed maintenance of soft- and hard-tissue configuration and symmetry with the contralateral tooth.Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach and careful case selection are of utmost importance for t...
Two new species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from Brazil

Two new species of Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae), both from Brazil, are described and compared to near relatives. Cyperus hooperae is described from two collections from the Chapada do Veadeiros in the State of Goias; it is most similar to C. refractus of the southeastern U.S. Cyperus thomasii is described from a single collection from the municipality of Caruaru in Pernambuco; it is most similar to C. granatensis of Colombia. Following IUCN standards, both are considered threatened.
Some Recent Polarized Proton Beam Experiments at the Argonne National Laboratory Zero Gradient Synchrotron

Let me begin by picking up on the religious reference made by Professor Kabir in his first lecture. In the midwestern part of the United States there are frequent evening “tent meetings” which feature evangelists. These men are charged with inspiring the faithful by recounting the salutary deeds and experiences of others rather than with giving formal sermons. This is rather like my position this evening.
Multiple Object Properties Drive Scene-Selective Regions

Neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond preferentially to specific stimulus categories, including 3 areas that activate maximally during viewing of real-world scenes: The parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Although these findings suggest the existence of regions specialized for scene processing, this interpretation is challenged by recent reports that activity in scene-preferring regions is modulated by properties of isolated single objects. To understand the mechanisms underlying these object-related responses, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data while subjects viewed objects rated along 7 dimensions, shown both in isolation and on a scenic background. Consistent with previous reports, we find that scene-preferring regions are sensitive to multiple object properties; however, results of an item analysis suggested just 2 independent factors—visual size and the landmark suitability of the objects—sufficed to explain most of the response. This object-based modulation was found in PPA and RSC irrespective of the presence or absence of a scenic background, but was only observed in TOS for isolated objects. We hypothesize that scene-preferring regions might process both visual qualities unique to scenes and spatial qualities that can appertain to either scenes or objects.
Gene therapy for intervertebral disk degeneration

Intervertebral disk degeneration is a common and potentially debilitating disease process affecting millions of Americans and other populations each year. Current treatments address resultant symptoms and not the underlying pathophysiology of disease. This has spawned the development of biologic treatments, such as gene therapy, which attempt to correct the imbalance between catabolism and anabolism within degenerating disk cells. The identification of therapeutic genes and development of successful delivery systems have resulted in significant advances in this novel treatment. Continued investigation of the pathophysiology of disk degeneration, however, and safety mechanisms for the application of gene therapy are required for clinical translation.
The Historical Dendroarchaeology Of Two Log Structures At the Marble Springs Historic Site, Knox County, Tennessee, U.S.A

The Marble Springs homestead in south Knox County serves as a significant heritage site for the state of Tennessee because it was the final home of one of our nation’s most important founding statesmen and first governor of Tennessee (1796 to 1801, 1803 to 1809), John Sevier. Recent archaeological and historical research had called into question the authenticity of the original John Sevier log cabin located at the Marble Springs homestead. We used tree-ring dating to determine the year(s) of construction of the Governor John Sevier cabin and the adjacent Walker Springs log cabin (which had been relocated to the site later and has no ties to Gov. John Sevier) by first extracting cores from all accessible logs in the cabins and then evaluating the cutting dates of these logs. A nearby reference chronology at Norris Dam anchored the Gov. John Sevier cabin chronology from 1720 to 1834 and the Walker Springs cabin chronology from 1675 to 1826. The cutting dates obtained from six logs in the Gov. John Sevier cabin suggest construction of the cabin was completed sometime between late 1835 and early 1836. We were able to date cores from 29 logs from the Walker Springs cabin, which strongly support final construction between late 1827 to early 1828. Our dendrochronological analyses suggest that the cabin at Marble Springs long thought to be the original cabin occupied by Gov. John Sevier was instead likely built during the occupancy of the property by a later tenant, George Kirby, in the early to mid-1830s, well after the death of Sevier in 1815.
High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in a veteran population

Abstract P-503 Key Words: Metobolic Syndrome, Coronary Heart Disease Risk, Insulin Resistance
Pulmonary embolization of permanently implanted radioactive palladium-103 seeds for carcinoma of the prostate

Purpose It has been reported that permanently implanted iodine-125 seeds can embolize to the lungs. There is little data on the embolization of palladium-103 seeds. The purpose of this study is to collect and evaluate data on the embolization of Pd-103 seeds. Methods and materials The records of 112 patients implanted with Pd-103 for carcinoma of the prostate were reviewed to systemically study the incidence and dynamics of pulmonary embolism of Pd-103 seeds. Five patients had no postoperative chest radiograph and were thus excluded, leaving 107 patients for review. Results Chest radiographs of 19 of the 107 patients showed embolized seeds in the lungs (18%). Two patients had three seeds each, nine patients had two seeds each; and in the remaining eight patients, a single seed migrated to the lungs. The seeds migrated mainly (84%) to the lower lobes. None of the eight patients who had their first postoperative chest radiograph on the day of the implant showed any embolized seeds. The embolized seed appeared only on subsequent chest radiographs taken 27 to 40 days later. Ten of the other 11 patients who had their first radiograph 1 to 97 days after brachytherapy had embolized seeds on their first chest radiograph. In the other patient, the embolized seed appeared only on a subsequent chest radiograph taken after 127 days. There were no clinical pulmonary or cardiac effects evident on routine follow-up of these patients with pulmonary embolized seeds. Conclusion Embolization of Pd-103 seeds to the lungs after implantation for carcinoma of the prostate is an unusual event. In this study only 0.3% of the seeds implanted migrated to the lungs. Although it was previously thought that pulmonary seed migration mainly occurred on the day of brachytherapy, our experience shows that seeds usually migrated to the lungs after the day of the implant. There were no clinical pulmonary or cardiac effects attributable to embolized seeds in the lungs on routine follow-up.
XII—The Twilight of Empiricism

There is a principle that both generates and destroys empiricism. It is a plausible principle, thus often appealed to. (Bernard Williams and Michael Dummett are notable subscribers.) Its consequences prove it wrong. This is a story of empiricism's rise and fall (a fall Frege mapped out for it). It is historically sketchy. But one should focus on the principle.
Designing silicon photonic interconnection networks for deadline-driven applications

Meeting service deadlines is critical to datacenter applications. This paper proposes a deadline-aware burst switching architecture and an expected rewardbased scheduling policy for the implementation of deadline-driven delivery within silicon photonic interconnection networks.
Equity and equality as clues to the relationship between exchange participants

Subjects judged the relationship between two diners who either divided their restaurant check equally, or who paid for exactly what they ordered (i.e. divided it equitably). Relative to persons dividing the check equitably, those making equal divisions were perceived as liking each other more, having a closer relationship, being better friends, and being more likely to see each other again.
Hydrogel Nanocomposites: Biomedical Applications, Biocompatibility, and Toxicity Analysis

Hydrogel nanocomposites are an important class of biomaterials that can be utilized in applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and hyperthermia treatment. The incorporation of nanoparticles into a hydrogel matrix can provide unique properties including remote actuation and can also improve properties such as mechanical strength. Since hydrogel nanocomposites have been proposed as implantable biomaterials, it is important to analyze and understand the response of the body to these novel materials. This chapter covers the background, definitions, and potential applications of hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites. It also covers the various types of hydrogel nanocomposites as defined by the nanoparticulates embedded in the systems which include clay, metallic, magnetic, and semiconducting nanoparticles. The specific concerns of the biocompatibility analysis of hydrogel nanocomposites are discussed along with the specific biocompatibility results of the nanoparticulates incorporated into the hydrogel matrices as well as the biocompatibility of the hydrogels themselves. The limited data available on the biocompatibility of hydrogel nanocomposites is also presented. Overall, currently investigated hydrogel systems with known biocompatibility may have the potential to provide a “shielding” effect for the nanoparticulates in the hydrogel nanocomposites allowing them to be safer materials than the nanoparticulates alone.
Can Heterozygote Advantage Account for the Maintenance of H-2 Polymorphisms

Discovering the forces that maintain the extreme polymorphisms found at loci within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is critical to understanding the role of MHC gene products in nature. It is often assumed that MHC polymorphisms are maintained in natural populations by heterozygote advantage. The feasibility of this assumption is examined by applying population genetics models developed by Sewall Wright to relevant parameters for the MHC of Mus musculus (H-2). The parameters that affect the number of alleles that can be maintained (assuming random mating) are effective population size (Ne), mutation rate (p), and the selection against homozygotes relative to heterozygotes (s). The number of alleles that can be maintained for various combinations of Ne, p, and s are presented graphically. Even with extreme parameter values maximizing the number of alleles at equilibrium (Ne=100, p=10−4, s=1) only about seven alleles can be maintained within local populations. More commonly accepted sets of parameters indicate that heterozygote advantage could only account for the maintenance of four to five alleles. An analysis of previously published data suggest that local populations carry approximately ten alleles at both the K and D loci. These results indicate that either our estimates of the relevant parameters and number of alleles actually maintained contain significant errors, or that factors other than heterozygote advantage contribute to the maintenance of H-2 polymorphisms. We briefly review a number of mechanisms other than heterozygote advantage that could play a role in the maintenance of MHC polymorphisms, including frequency dependent selection, variation in pathogen assemblages across space and time, mating preferences, and transmission distortion. We present data from a retrospective analysis of backcross and F2 matings made during the early development of H-2 homozygous lines that show transmission distortion leading to a 52% deficiency of H-2 homozygotes (n=80, p<.002). This level of transmission distortion would contribute significantly to the maintenance of H-2 polymorphisms.
ONTOGENY OF A NEW SPECIES OF PARAPARCHITES (OSTRACODA) FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN SPEISER SHALE IN KANSAS

Both ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the Ostracoda are important for understanding their evolution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ontogeny and possible sexual dimorphism of the ostracode species Paraparchites punctatus n. sp. by assessing size, shape, and ornamentation at the stages of its growth for which we were able to obtain specimens: adults and five or six instars. Brooks's rule suggests that with each molt crustaceans double their volume (Brooks, 1886; Teissier, 1960; see also Przibram, 1931). The degree of adherence to Brooks's rule during ontogeny bears on the importance of heterochrony in evolution. The new species follows Brooks's rule rather closely. Another aspect of morphology investigated herein is sexual dimorphism: although many ostracodes have sexually dimorphic valves and carapaces, this is not true of all species of Paraparchites Ulrich and Bassler, 1906, and some other major groups (Scott, 1959; Moore, 1961). These ostracodes were chosen for study because they are particularly abundant in the Speiser Shale, numbering in the thousands from a liter of shale or mudstone. Many of them are preserved as valves rather than as complete carapaces, enabling study of the morphology of their interiors. The Speiser Shale has attracted the attention of numerous geologists and paleontologists because of its unique vertebrate fauna, its mixture of marine and continental deposits, and its relationship to cyclothemic stratigraphy (Lane, 1964; Heckel, 1977; Schultze, 1985; Cunningham, 1990; West, 1990; Watabe, 2001; Hembree, 2002). The rock at the study site includes both marine and nonmarine vertebrate and invertebrate fossils preserved in different parts of the 3-m-thick unit (Schultze, 1985). The fauna from various levels of the Speiser Shale, especially in the lower part, which has a rich fauna of vertebrate fossils, includes osteichthyans (Palaeoniscoidea, Platysomoidea, Dipnoi), …
Finding the correct role for heart transplant in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with aortic atresia has evolved from a universally fatal disease when Norwood et al performed the first staged surgical palliations in 1979 to one with reasonable intermediate term outcomes. Despite remarkable surgical advances, transplant-free survival in this group of patients at 3 years of age is only 64%. Heart transplantation as a primary treatment for HLHS has been advocated principally by Bailey et al at Loma Linda Children’s Hospital. Although primary transplantation offers the benefit of avoiding multiple palliative surgical procedures, often with excellent long-term posttransplant survival, the mismatch between a limited supply of infant donor hearts and the large number of infants born with HLHS has relegated heart transplantation to a rescue therapy for most of these children at our institution. The current issue of The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation presents the contemporary experience with listing, waiting list survival, and post-transplant survival for infants and children with HLHS and other single right ventricular (RV) anomalies. Kulkarni et al used the publically available Single Ventricle Reconstruction (SVR) data set to describe the current state of heart transplantation as a rescue therapy after single-ventricle palliation in a well-characterized cohort. The outcomes for heart transplantation in this setting are disappointing. Of the 555 patients in the SVR trial, 33 were listed for heart transplant, and only 48% of those 33 patients were still alive 1 year after listing. This was due to a waiting list mortality of 39% amongst the group and a post-transplant mortality of 33%.