cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiologic evaluation of the arthritis foot

The presence or absence of erosions, periosteal new bone, and osteoporosis, as well as differences in their character and distribution, serve as radiologic clues to the differential diagnosis of the various arthritides that affect the foot. In this article we have emphasized these differences as they pertain to the following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis of adult onset, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter disease, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis of childhood onset, osteoarthritis, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic slcerosis, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, and neuropathic joint disease.
Capacity games for partially complementary products under multivariate random demands

In this study, we consider n firms, each of which produces and sells a different product. The n firms face a common demand stream which requests all their products as a complete set. In addition to the common demand stream, each firm also faces a dedicated demand stream which requires only its own product. The common and dedicated demands are uncertain and follow a general, joint, continuous distribution. Before the demands are realized, each firm needs to determine its capacity or production quantity to maximize its own expected profit. We formulate the problem as a noncooperative game. The sales price per unit for the common demand could be higher or lower than the unit price for the dedicated demand, which affects the firm's inventory rationing policy. Hence, the outcome of the game varies. All of the prices are first assumed to be exogenous. We characterize Nash equilibrium(s) of the game. At the end of the article, we also provide some results for the endogenous pricing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 59: 146–159, 2012
Magnetic-field-dependent water proton spin-lattice relaxation rates of hemoglobin solutions and whole blood☆

Abstract The spin-lattice relaxation rates of solvent water protons in solutions of normal and sickle cell hemoglobin, normal red blood cells, and whole blood have been measured at magnetic fields between 5 Oe and 12 kOe. The field-dependent data have been analyzed to obtain the rotational tumbling time of the hemoglobin molecules and a measure of water-protein interaction. Comparison of the protein tumbling time in concentrated hemoglobin solutions to the tumbling time of hemoglobin inside red blood cells indicates that encapsulation of hemoglobin within the cell membrane has little effect on its molecular motion. The relaxation rates of solutions of deoxygenated sickle cell hemoglobin indicate that when the solution forms a gel at 10°C, approximately 90% of the hemoglobin molecules remain in solution and are freely tumbling, but at 35°C, virtually all of the hemoglobin has been incorporated into the gel structure.
Broadband All-Order Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation

We demonstrate broadband all-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation by applying broadband states of polarization sensing, frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), and ultrafast pulse shaping techniques.
Upper bounds on complexity of Frege proofs with limited use of certain schemata

The paper considers a commonly used axiomatization of the classical propositional logic and studies how different axiom schemata in this system contribute to proof complexity of the logic. The existence of a polynomial bound on proof complexity of every statement provable in this logic is a well-known open question.
Capital Accumulation, Labor Saving, and Labor Absorption Once More

I. Introduction, 40.—II. A neoclassical approach to labor absorption with factor price variability, 42.—III. Asian history and simulation: a look at the models' predictions, 49.—IV. Estimation with Philippine manufacturing data, 54.—V. Conclusion, 64.
Knowledge-Based Optimization of Building Maintenance, Repair, and Renovation Activities to Improve Facility Life Cycle Investments

AbstractBuildings and related civil infrastructure are an important factor of production that contribute directly to the accomplishment of an organization’s mission and/or the generation of revenue. Aging, obsolescence, and general deterioration of these buildings, and their systems and components, can adversely affect the ability to accomplish a mission or generate expected revenue, thus resulting in an elevated risk profile. Maintenance, repair, and renovation (MR&R) activities, when planned effectively, can affect performance in such a way to reduce this risk. A rapidly aging infrastructure and building stock in the United States and across the world jeopardizes the ability to generate output and accomplish a mission at status quo. Moreover, rapidly expanding demands on some infrastructure will likewise make the status quo greatly inadequate in the near future. This requires two highly interrelated strategies: (1) to introduce new capabilities and capacities into the infrastructure stock to meet projec...
Polymorphism of Calcium Orthosilicate

Therecentobservation of orthorhombic α'-Ca2Si04 (bredigite) at all temperatures between about 850° and 1450°C. leads to a rational interpretation of the polymorphism of this substance, which is very satisfactory from the crystal-chemical point of view. The so-called β phase, of as yet unknown, complex structure, exists only meta-stably, and not above but below about 675°C, where γ is the stable phase. The monotropic β phase forms on cooling from α’near 675°C. as the result of the inhibition of the α’→γ inversion, at 850°C. The inhibition is caused by the need for a considerable atomic rearrangement and a 12% volume increase which accompanies the change of the coordinations CaO2 and CaOlo, in α', to CaO6, in γ. Among the solid phase equilibria with, Mg2SiO4 and Ca3(PO4)2, unlimited solid solubility between γ-Ca2SiO4 and Mg2SiO4 is predicted, whereas the solubility of Mg2SiO4 is a limited one in α’and still more so in a-Ca2SiO4, as a result of the substitution, for calcium, of the smaller magnesium.
Role of Fetal Surveillance in Diabetic Pregnancies

The role of fetal surveillance in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without evidence of hypertension, microvascular disease, or fetopathy is questioned.
Activity-Based Approach For Teaching Aqueous Solubility, Energy, and Entropy

We describe an activity-based approach for teaching aqueous solubility to introductory chemistry students that provides a more balanced presentation of the roles of energy and entropy in dissolution than is found in most general chemistry textbooks. In the first few activities, students observe that polar substances dissolve in water, whereas nonpolar substances do not, and that in some cases, dissolution is endothermic. Because energy minimization alone cannot explain these observations, we introduce entropy descriptively as another factor promoting dissolution. The increase in entropy due to mixing can counteract unfavorable energy changes, whereas unfavorable entropy changes due to reorganization of the water explain why nonpolar substances do not dissolve. In another activity, students mix combinations of positive and negative ions and formulate a simple rule that predicts the solubility of most ionic compounds: salts in which the cations and anions are multiply charged are likely to be insoluble; oth...
Fluid absorbency of retraction cords after soaking in aluminum chloride solution

Soaking retraction cord in an aluminum chloride solution before placing into gingival sulci does not lessen the cord's ability to absorb fluid. Black silk suture is clinically ineffective and should be replaced with a dark, size 0 impregnated retraction cord.
Controlling the nonlinearity of silicon nanowire resonators using active feedback

We describe the use of nonlinear feedback to tune the cubic nonlinearity of a silicon nanowire resonator. We show that nonlinear feedback can be used to cancel out the native nonlinearity or even change its sign. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by using nonlinear feedback to extend the dynamic range of a silicon nanowire parametric amplifier.
Performance-rating accuracy: A critical review

Abstract Models of performance-rating accuracy were reviewed and combined into an integrative framework. Components of this framework included the rater, ratee, context, training, and rating format. This framework was used to review the empirical studies on performance-rating accuracy. The implications of this review for performance-appraisal researchers and practitioners were then discussed.
Increased caffeine and nicotine consumption in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract Introduction It is known that people with schizophrenia make poor dietary choices and smoke at alarmingly high rates. There is also anecdotal evidence that they may ingest large amounts of caffeine. However, while smoking habits in this population have been examined, no recent study has quantified caffeine consumption taking into account various dietary caffeine sources unrelated to coffee including convenience foods such as candy bars, chocolate or soft drinks, and compared results to US population data. Methods We employed 24-h diet recalls to assess dietary habits in a sample of outpatients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Caloric intake and caffeine consumption were quantified and the relationship to various sociodemographic variables including body mass index (BMI) and dietary quality was examined. Results 146 patients were recruited. Mean BMI in the sample was 32.7 ± 7.9. Patients ingested 3057 ± 1132 cal on average. Patients smoked at higher rates (59.6% vs. 23.4%, p ≤ 0.001), higher numbers of cigarettes/day (24 ± 14.4 vs. 13.5 ± 11.3, t = 8.549, p t = 6.664, p r = 0.299, p ≤ 0.001), but not to BMI ( r = 0.134, p = 0.107) or dietary parameters such as caloric intake ( r = 0.105, p = 0.207). Conclusion Community-dwelling schizophrenia patients consume significantly more caffeine and nicotine than US population comparisons. Clinicians should be aware that while a significant proportion of patients are overweight and have poor dietary quality – which merits lifestyle counseling on its own – there is a lack of correlation between those factors and smoking and caffeine intake. Thus, lifestyle modification counseling in all patients should address smoking and caffeine intake concurrently.
Link energy minimization for wireless networks

In this paper, we formalize the problem of minimizing the energy dissipated to successfully transmit a single information bit over a link, considering circuit power consumption, packetization and retransmission overhead, bit/packet error probability, and the duty cycle of the transceiver. We optimize the packet length and transmit power as a function of distance between the transmitter and the receiver for different modulation schemes. We propose a general unconstrained energy consumption model that provides a lower bound on the energy dissipated per information bit. A practical unconstrained physical layer optimization scheme is also provided to illustrate the utilization of the model. Furthermore, minimized energy consumptions of different modulation schemes are compared over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We extend this general energy consumption model by considering two particular constraints: fixed average power and fixed average rate. We explore the impact of the average power and the information rate constraints on energy consumption and determine the optimum constellation size, packet length, and duty cycle.
Structural analysis of nonradioactive rna by postlabeling: The primary structure of baker's yeast tRNACUALeu

Summary The sequence of tRNA CUA Leu from baker's yeast was determined by application of novel postlabeling methods. Oligonucleotides in complete and partial RNase digests (A, T 1 , and U 2 ) were resolved by chromatography on polyethyleneimine-cellulose thin layers. Nucleotide sequences were elucidated by NaIO 4 /phosphatase or snake venom phosphodiesterase/phosphatase digestion and tritium postlabeling. A ribose-methylated constituent (Gm) was identified by 5′-terminal [ 32 P]-labeling. tRNA CUA Leu is the first biological macromolecule to be sequenced according to a postlabeling scheme.
Using the cross-bridge structure to monitor the effective oxide sidewall-spacer width in LDD transistors

The cross-bridge structure in a large polysilicon sheet is proposed as a simple test vehicle for routinely monitoring the reproducibility, uniformity, and width of the effective oxide sidewall-spacer commonly employed in the lightly-doped-drain (LDD) transistor structure. The feasibility has been demonstrated and reported here.
Sexual behaviour and contraceptive use among socioeconomic groups of young women in the United States.

Although most recent research has been devoted to understanding differences in contraceptive behavior among socioeconomic groups of married women little is known about group differences among young unmarried women. Data from a national survey of U.S. women 15-19 years of age are used to study the relationship between socioeconomic status sexual activity and contraceptive use. The socioeconomic status of the young women is related to age at 1st intercourse contraceptive use at 1st intercourse regularity of use and use of medical methods. The results indicate that both an earlier initiation of sexual activity and less regular use of contraceptives in all probability lead to a concentration of pregnancies in the lower socioeconomic groups. (Authors)
Patterns in the Host-Feeding Habit of Adult Parasitic Hymenoptera

Recorded cases of predation by adult Hymenoptera, and particularly cases of adult parasite host-feeding, were examined for patterns of occurrence among the major hymenopterous groups and for patterns in types of host subject to attack. The widespread occurrence of the predatory habit among adults of 20 families of the Hymenoptera provides very little evidence of the evolutionary pathways through which adult predation might have developed and been carried to later evolving groups, but suggests that the habit of predation by adults is indicative of a dietary deficiency shared by diverse members of the group. The assortment of hosts attacked suggests that the nutrients sought in host-feeding are ubiquitous substances. Examination of the mechanics and periodicity associated with the habits of host-feeding and host-mutilation by Microterys flavus (Howard), an encyrtid parasite of Coccus hesperidum L., demonstrated that (1) host mutilation was definable as frustrated host-feeding in which the host did not bleed freely, (2) host-feeding tendencies developed in individuals coincident with depletion of ovipositional capacity, (3) the habit was expressed by the parasite only after its day's supply of eggs were laid, and (4) waning fecundity was revitalized a few days after the habit was initiated. The quantity of hosts destroyed by feeding varied with host size, parasite age, and parasite species. M. flavus host-fed on species unsuitable for parasitization. After parasites had exhausted their stored reproductive nutrients, a stimulation in fecundity caused by host-feeding could be measured by an increased number of ripe ovarian eggs in host-fed individuals. Enzymatic yeast and soy hydrolyzates as food supplements to a honey diet satisfied the reproductive nutrient deficiency of the parasites equally as well as did host-feeding.
A Bridge to Understanding Lipid Droplet Growth

Lipid droplets, storage sites of fatty acids and sterols, expand when excess lipids are converted to triacylglycerols. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Wilfling et al. (2013) show that this expansion relies on relocalization, via membrane bridges, of triacylglycerol-synthesizing enzymes from the ER to a subset of lipid droplets.
Defective or Disabled?: Race, Medicine, and Eugenics in Progressive Era Virginia and Alabama

Something was menacing the South during the Progressive Era. Southern physicians located the threat in the “germ plasm,” the genes, of the region's inhabitants. Writing in a now-infamous 1893 “open letter” published in the Virginia Medical Monthly, Hunter Holmes McGuire, a Richmond physician and president of the American Medical Association, asked for “some scientific explanation of the sexual perversion in the negro of the present day.” McGuire's correspondent, Chicago physician G. Frank Lydston, replied that African-American men raped white women because of “[h]ereditary influences descending from the uncivilized ancestors of our negroes.” Lydston's solution to this problem was not lynching, but surgical castration which “prevents the criminal from perpetuating his kind.” Eight years later in Alabama, Dr. John E. Purdon opined, “It is a proved fact of experience that the inveterate criminal tends to propagates a race of criminals, and that the undeveloped or degraded nerve-tissue will duplicate itself in the next generation.” Dr. Purdon then declared, “Emasculation is the simplest and most perfect plan that can be adopted to secure the perfection of the race.” Twenty-three years later, in 1924, Harry Hamilton Laughlin testified in support of a Virginia law providing for the eugenic sterilization of the “shiftless, ignorant, and worthless class of anti-social whites of the South,” who allegedly created social problems for “normal” people. The multiplication of these “defective delinquents,” Laughlin and Virginia officials claimed, could only be controlled by restricting their procreation.
Sustaining local tax support for community colleges: Recommendations for college leaders

Community colleges often rely on local taxes as an important revenue source and must occasionally seek voter approval for a local mill levy increase—a tax on property to fund a specific activity. This chapter describes strategies for planning and carrying out a campaign for securing that approval.
The therapeutic potential of the cerebellum in schizophrenia

The cognitive role of the cerebellum is critically tied to its distributed connections throughout the brain. Accumulating evidence from anatomical, structural and functional imaging, and lesion studies advocate a cognitive network involving indirect connections between the cerebellum and non-motor areas in the prefrontal cortex. Cerebellar stimulation dynamically influences activity in several regions of the frontal cortex and effectively improves cognition in schizophrenia. In this manuscript, we summarize current literature on the cingulocerebellar circuit and we introduce a method to interrogate this circuit combining opotogenetics, neuropharmacology, and electrophysiology in awake-behaving animals while minimizing incidental stimulation of neighboring cerebellar nuclei. We propose the novel hypothesis that optogenetic cerebellar stimulation can restore aberrant frontal activity and rescue impaired cognition in schizophrenia. We focus on how a known cognitive region in the frontal cortex, the anterior cingulate, is influenced by the cerebellum. This circuit is of particular interest because it has been confirmed using tracing studies, neuroimaging reveals its role in cognitive tasks, it is conserved from rodents to humans, and diseases such as schizophrenia and autism appear in its aberrancy. Novel tract tracing results presented here provide support for how these two areas communicate. The primary pathway involves a disynaptic connection between the cerebellar dentate nuclei (DN) and the anterior cingulate cortex. Secondarily, the pathway from cerebellar fastigial nuclei (FN) to the ventral tegmental area, which supplies dopamine to the prefrontal cortex, may play a role as schizophrenia characteristically involves dopamine deficiencies. We hope that the hypothesis described here will inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting currently untreatable cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
The Effects of Hyper- and Hypocapnia on Phonatory Laryngeal Airway Resistance in Women.

Purpose The larynx has a dual role in the regulation of gas flow into and out of the lungs while also establishing resistance required for vocal fold vibration. This study assessed reciprocal relations between phonatory functions—specifically, phonatory laryngeal airway resistance (Rlaw)—and respiratory homeostasis during states of ventilatory gas perturbations. Method Twenty-four healthy women performed phonatory tasks while exposed to induced hypercapnia (high CO2), hypocapnia (low CO2), and normal breathing (eupnea). Effects of gas perturbations on Rlaw were investigated as were the reciprocal effects of Rlaw modulations on respiratory homeostasis. Results Rlaw remained stable despite manipulations of inspired gas concentrations. In contrast, end-tidal CO2 levels increased significantly during all phonatory tasks. Thus, for the conditions tested, Rlaw did not adjust to accommodate ventilatory needs as predicted. Rather, stable Rlaw was spontaneously accomplished at the cost of those needs. Conclusions ...
Research note: Revisiting parallel cyclic reduction and parallel prefix-based algorithms for block tridiagonal systems of equations

Direct solvers based on prefix computation and cyclic reduction algorithms exploit the special structure of tridiagonal systems of equations to deliver better parallel performance compared to those designed for more general systems of equations. This performance advantage is even more pronounced for block tridiagonal systems. In this paper, we re-examine the performances of these two algorithms taking the effects of block size into account. Depending on the block size, the parameter space spanned by the number of block rows, size of the blocks and the processor count is shown to favor one or the other of the two algorithms. A critical block size that separates these two regions is shown to emerge and its dependence both on problem dependent parameters and on machine-specific constants is established. Empirical verification of these analytical findings is carried out on up to 2048 cores of a Cray XT4 system.
The Economics of Charities: Revised Theory and New Evidence

Can economic principles be applied to the behaviour of charities? Professor Edwin West of the Universities of Carleton and Emory, claims that charities are susceptible to the same type of analysis as companies - but with important differences.
Adequacy of mucosal sampling with the "two-bite" forceps technique: a prospective, randomized, blinded study.

Background Although the "two-bite" technique (obtaining 2 mucosal biopsy specimens with a single passage of the forceps) is used routinely, the adequacy of the second biopsy for histopathologic examination has not been evaluated. Our hypothesis was that the second sample will be inadequate for this purpose. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the adequacy of mucosal biopsy specimens obtained with 3 different types of forceps with the two-bite technique. Methods : Patients undergoing diagnostic EGD were prospectively enrolled in the study. In each patient, mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained as follows: 4 specimens with the two-bite technique in 2 separate passages of the forceps (one from the esophagus followed by one from the stomach, and one from the stomach followed by one from the esophagus, the order being chosen randomly) and 2 single-bite specimens from the same anatomic locations (esophagus and stomach). Each patient underwent the same biopsy sampling sequence with 3 different forceps. An experienced pathologist blinded to the sequence and technique of obtaining the samples and the forceps used evaluated the specimens for number submitted, integrity, and adequacy for histopathologic diagnosis and depth of the sample as assessed by the presence or absence of muscularis mucosae. Results : A total of 288 mucosal samples were obtained from 16 patients. Of these, 192 were taken by using the two-bite technique. Thirty-five (18.2%) samples were missing when the two-bite technique was used compared with only 2 (2.1%) when the single bite technique was used ( p p p =0.01). At histopathologic evaluation, there were no significant differences between first and second samples nor differences between samples taken with the two-bite and the single-bite techniques with regard to adequacy, integrity, and depth. With respect to histopathologic evaluation, there were no differences among the 3 types of forceps used in the study. Conclusions : Although the second mucosal sample obtained with the two-bite technique is adequate for histopathologic purposes, there is a significant risk of losing samples (the first one in particular) with this technique, and thus an increase in the probability of sampling error. This may be particularly true for forceps without a spike.
Strategic Management of Operations in the Emergency Department

This study is based on the analysis of field data on the revenues and patient flows that we collected on all adult emergency department (ED) visits to a level-1 trauma, tertiary referral center. Our objective was to provide researchers in operations a rich overview of the processes, resources, and metrics of financial and operations performance in the ED. We analyze how patients, physicians, hospitals/physician employer groups, and payers are party to the value created and financial workflow of the ED. A waterfall model for professional services revenue is developed that highlights the impacts of changes in processes, resources, scale, complexity, and mix of patients treated in the ED. We also discuss future implications of new compensation models and potential scenarios that will focus upon controlling costs while maximizing population health and patient satisfaction. These models will necessitate re-engineering of operations in the ED from a strategic perspective. Four major thrusts for selecting the capacity portfolio in the ED operations to align the interests of all the stakeholders are recommended. New avenues for research are also identified
Spine architecture and synaptic plasticity

Many forms of mental retardation and cognitive disability are associated with abnormalities in dendritic spine morphology. Visualization of spines using live-imaging techniques provides convincing evidence that spine morphology is altered in response to certain forms of LTP-inducing stimulation. Thus, information storage at the cellular level appears to involve changes in spine morphology that support changes in synaptic strength produced by certain patterns of synaptic activity. Because the structure of a spine is determined by its underlying actin cytoskeleton, there has been much effort to identify signaling pathways linking synaptic activity to control of actin polymerization. This review, part of the TINS Synaptic Connectivity series, discusses recent studies that implicate EphB and NMDA receptors in the regulation of actin-binding proteins through modulation of Rho family small GTPases.
Digital and optically filtered clinical colposcopic images

We have begun experimentation with a variety of digital and optical filters used in conjunction with a digital imaging colposcope system of our design. We have successfully implemented a number of different filtering techniques and now see potential applications of multispectral imaging in colposcopic examination. We discuss some of the methodology relevant to acquisition of multispectral images. Analysis of the scope of application of this imaging to colposcopic diagnosis is an interesting problem requiring further study.
Music and Social Bonding: The Role of Non-Diegetic Music and Synchrony on Perceptions of Videotaped Walkers

Researchers studying the role of music in human evolution and the role of music in everyday life suggest that music helps to promote social bonding. However, there is limited direct evidence to support this idea. The current experiment investigated the role of different pieces of music in the perceived social bonding of videotaped walkers. The participants watched one of two videos of three women walking away from the camera. In one video the women walked in synchrony and in the other the women were out of step with each other. Participants rated the perceived degree of rapport and entitativity among the three walkers. In each run of the experiment a different piece of music was paired with the videos for half the participants. Both music and synchrony of walkers influenced the perceived degree of entitativity. Even though there was no indication that the actors in the video heard the music, observers perceived that a social bond existed among the walkers when the music was present.
Optical design of the developmental cryogenic active telescope testbed

In the summer of 1996, three Study teams developed conceptual designs and mission architectures for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). Each group highlighted areas of technology development that need to be further advanced to meet the goals of the NGST mission. The most important areas for future study included: deployable structures, lightweight optics, cryogenic optics and mechanisms, passive cooling, and on-orbit closed loop wavefront sensing and control. NASA and industry are currently planning to develop a series of ground testbeds and validation flights to demonstrate many of these technologies. The Deployed Cryogenic Active Telescope Testbed (DCATT) is a system level testbed to be developed at Goddard Space Flight Center in three phases over an extended period of time. This testbed will combine an actively controlled telescope with the hardware and software elements of a closed loop wavefront sensing and control system to achieve diffraction limited imaging at 2 microns. We will present an overview of the system level requirements, a discussion of the optical design, and results of performance analyses for the Phase 1 ambient concept for DCATT,
Performance of a High-Power, 2.388-GHz Receiving Array in Wireless Power Transmission Over 1.54 km

The results of a series of experiments conducted to determine the performance of a microwave power receiving array are detailed. Over 30 kW of dc output power has been achieved. The ratio of dc output power to available incident RF input power has exceeded 0.8. The array performance readily scales from the extrapolated single element performance.
Tracking gene and cell fate for therapeutic gain

The preclinical intersection of molecular imaging and gene- and cell-based therapies will enable more informed and effective clinical translation. We discuss how imaging can monitor cell and gene fate and function in vivo and overcome barriers associated with these therapies.
Density Functional Theory Calculations of the Interaction of Olivine with Water

In this paper, we present the results of density functional theory-based (DFT) electronic structure calculations to investigate the reactions at the interface between the magnesium end-member of olivine (forsterite, Mg2SiO4), and water at temperature and pressure relevant for weathering and mineralization. The work aims at gaining an understanding of the interfacial chemical reactions between water and olivine at the atomistic level to aid mechanistic description of these reactions in process modeling and optimization at continuum scale.
Soybean and sunflower oils increase the infectivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene to Northern Jointvetch

Abstract Soybean and sunflower oils increased the level of infection of northern jointvetch, Aeschynomene virginica, plants by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene. Inoculation of seedlings with spore suspensions containing 10% (v:v) soybean oil or 10% sunflower oil resulted in more disease than when inoculated with suspensions of spores in water alone. The lengths of the dew periods required to establish equivalent levels of disease by spore suspensions containing 10% soybean or 10% sunflower oil were approximately 4–8 h less compared to aqueous suspensions. Incubation of spores in 10% soybean oil followed by removal and resuspension in water did not affect the infectivity of spores when compared to spores incubated in aqueous suspensions. Spore germination and appressoria formation were unaffected by either of the oils tested in in vitro assays; however, in in vivo assays, 10% soybean oil and 10% sunflower oil increased spore germination in comparison to spores that were suspended in water.
Experimental demonstration of coordinated control for multi-vehicle teams

This paper discusses several unique hardware testbeds that were developed to evaluate coordination and control algorithms for missions with multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The first testbed uses eight rovers and two blimps operated indoors to emulate a heterogeneous fleet of aircraft. The second testbed has eight UAVs flown autonomously with commercial autopilots, which are also used to perform sophisticated hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Future missions will require that teams of UAVs cooperate in dynamic and uncertain environments, and these testbeds can be used to compare various control approaches. A hierarchical configuration of task assignment, trajectory design, and low-level waypoint following uses a receding horizon framework to control the team of vehicles. The resulting demonstrations of the high-level planning algorithms on scaled vehicles operating in uncertain environments represent key steps towards transitioning them to future UAV missions.
The acute and chronic toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to three freshwater invertebrates

The acute and chronic toxicities of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to adaphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia), a hydra (Hydra littoralis), and a midge (Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus) were examined. RDX concentrations at the solubility limit of the compound under specific test conditions (17.0 mg RDX/L, Ceriodaphnia dubia at 25°C; 32.3 mg RDX/L, Hydra littoralis at 22°C; and 29.2 mg RDX/L, Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus at 22°C) were not acutely toxic to any of the three tested invertebrates. In a 7-d survival and reproduction test with Ceriodaphnia dubia, RDX caused no significant effect on survival, but reduced reproductive success. The no-observed-effect concentration, lowest-observed-effect concentration, and chronic value for Ceriodaphnia dubia were 3.64, 6.01, and 4.68 mg/L, respectively. In an egg-to-egg life cycle test with Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus, survival, growth, egg production, and hatching success were unaffected by RDX. Although not statistically significant, reductions in emergence success were observed at concentrations as low as 6.78 mg/L.
A requires/provides model for computer attacks

Computer attacks are typically described in terms of a single exploited vulnerability or as a signature composed of a specific sequence of events. These approaches lack the ability to characterize complex scenarios or to generalize to unknown attacks. Rather than think of attacks as a series of events, we view attacks as a set of capabilities that provide support for abstract attack concepts that in turn provide new capabilities to support other concepts. This paper describes a flexible extensible model for computer attacks, a language for specifying the model, and how it can be used in security applications such as vulnerability analysis, intrusion detection and attack generation
Protein Kinase C δ (PKCδ) Is Required for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase μ (PTPμ)-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth

Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphatase μ (PTPμ) is an adhesion molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed in the developing nervous system. We have shown that PTPμ can promote neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells and it regulates neurite outgrowth mediated by N-cadherin (S. M. Burden-Gulley and S. M. Brady-Kalnay, 1999, J. Cell Biol. 144, 1323–1336). We previously demonstrated that PTPμ binds to the scaffolding protein RACK1 in yeast and mammalian cells (T. Mourton et al., 2001, J. Biol. Chem. 276, 14896–14901). RACK1 is a receptor for activated protein kinase C (PKC). In this article, we demonstrate that PKC is involved in PTPμ-dependent signaling. PTPμ, RACK1, and PKCδ exist in a complex in cultured retinal cells and retinal tissue. Using pharmacologic inhibition of PKC, we demonstrate that PKCδ is required for neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells on a PTPμ substrate. These results suggest that PTPμ signaling via RACK1 requires PKCδ activity to promote neurite outgrowth.
Fas Ligand as a Tool for Immunosuppression and Generation of Immune Tolerance

The role of Fas ligand (FasL) in physiologically limiting immune responses and maintaining immune-privileged sites has led to a body of research aiming to confer protection to allogeneic grafts by expressing FasL on the allogeneic tissue or by administrating FasL-transduced donor dendritic cells. In addition, several studies have used FasL to abrogate autoimmune responses. This review presents the results of these studies and discusses the problems associated with FasL usage.
Sulfide scale catalysis of copper corrosion

Abstract The presence of soluble sulfides in a low alkalinity simulated drinking water increased copper pipe corrosion rates by more than one order of magnitude at pH 6.5 and more than two orders of magnitude at pH 9.2. Sulfides caused formation of a thick, black porous scale layer on pipes that did not significantly reduce pipe corrosion rates even after 9 months of exposure. In fact, both the anodic and cathodic reactions were catalyzed when sulfide containing scale was smeared onto a new copper pipe surface. Sulfide scales have a unique ability to accelerate copper corrosion even at pH>9.0, with potentially devastating consequences for copper tube performance in potable water applications.
Purification and some properties of galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from human red cells.

Abstract Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (uridine diphosphoglucose: α- d -galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.12) was isolated from human red cells by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The enzyme consists. of two similar subunits of molecular weight 44,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 67,000 by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and 88,000 by ultracentrifugation studies in sucrose density gradients. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 40 μmoles per min per mg of protein.
Properties of cholera toxin- and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase from mouse thymocytes.

Abstract Kinetic parameters of mouse thymocyte adenylate cyclase activity were determined. NaF and cholera toxin stimulated adenylate cyclase. Stimulation by either agent did not change the pH or Mg 2+ optima relative to control (unstimulated cyclase). The K m value for ATP of adenylate cyclase stimulated by NaF was significantly reduced from control. By contrast, cholera toxin treatment did not change the K m relative to control. Adenylate cyclase, when stimulated by NaF, had an optimum for Mn 2+ alone, or Mn 2+ in combination with Mg 2+ , at least twice that of control. In contrast, cyclase activity prepared from cells treated with cholera toxin remained unchanged with regard to these divalent cations when compared to control. Addition of NaF to adenylate cyclase prepared from cells treated with cholera toxin resulted in a significant reduction (30%) in activity suggesting that both NaF and cholera toxin were acting on the same cyclase. NaF inhibitin of cholera toxin-stimulated activity was shown to be a direct interaction of fluoride on the stimulated cyclase enzyme. This inhibition appeared to be immediate and independent of pH, Mg 2+ or ATP concentrations. Although NaF inhibition was lost when Mn 2+ was present in the reaction mixture, the activity expressed by addition of NaF to cyclase prepared from cholera toxin-treated cells was much less than by addition of NaF to control. As observed with cholera toxin stimulation alone, activity expressed by the inhibited enzyme (cholera toxin treated + NaF) exhibited a K m for ATP and an optimum for Mn 2+ alone or in combination with Mg 2+ similar to control. These data suggest that cholera toxin stimulation of mouse thymocyte adenylate cyclase is kinetically different from that of NaF. Furthermore, NaF appeared to inhibit the cyclase prepared from cells treated with cholera toxin in a non-competititive manner with respect to ATP substrate, that is, at some site other than the catalytic site. From analogous observations of NaF inhibition of hormonal stimulation in fat cells, it could be postulated that cholera toxin may effect the “coupling” site.
Single Institution Experience with Preoperative Hypofractionated Radiation and Concurrent Dose-intense Chemotherapy for Patients with High-risk Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Results: Following review, 80,181 participants met the inclusion criteria with a total of 2,170,679 person-years at risk. Nineteen bone sarcomaswere identified withanincidence rate of 0.9 per 100,000person-years.There were 11males (58%) and8 females (42%). The mean age at the time of the bombings was 32.4 years. Six participants (32%) were younger than 16 years of age at the time of the bombings. The meanage of sarcomadiagnosis was61.6 years. Themeantime to sarcoma diagnosissince exposure was 29.3years.The mean bone marrow dose was 0.433 Gy. The most common sarcoma was classified as a malignant neoplasm with no further specification (42%), followed by osteosarcomas (26%). The most common cancer sites were bones of the pelvis, sacrum, and coccyx as well asassociated joints (47%).The mean survival time after diagnosis was2.5 years. Two participants werenoted to be alive atfinal followup. The overall 5-year survival rate unadjusted for treatment-type was 25% (males, 45%; females, 0). No association between radiation exposure to the time of diagnosis, morphology, or topography of the bone sarcoma could be discerned from this study. A linear model with a threshold at 0.85 Gy (95% CI 0.12-1.85) was found with an ERR of 1.1 at 1 Gy (8.7 at 2 Gy) (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In contrast to the reported literature, our study suggests that the development of radiation-induced bone sarcomas may be associated with exposure to much lower doses of ionizing radiation following a single whole body dose. A linear model with a threshold at 0.85 Gy was found to be the best predictive non-hormetic model with a statistically significant ERR of 1.1 at 1 Gy (ERR=8.7 at 2 Gy). Due to the small sample size, the affects of age at the time of exposure and radiation dose could not be properly discerned with regards to bone sarcoma development. A poor clinical prognosis was associated with bone sarcomas. Author Disclosure: D. Samartzis, None; N. Nishi, None; M. Hayashi, None; Y. Shimizu, None; J. Cologne, None; H. Cullings, None; K. Kodama, None; E.F. Miles, None; S. Funamoto, None; A. Suyama, None.
Testing Exploration Wells by Objectives

Many papers have been published extending the theoretical understanding of pressure transient analysis. Most of these papers have concentrated on analysis of buildup tests for reservoir permeability, wellbore damage, and reservoir pressure. In many cases, the state of the art of analytical methods is far superior to the quality of the data obtained with present day procedures and instrumentation. This paper reviews the state of the art of testing exploration wells and presents a systematic approach to better formation evaluation. This systematic approach consists of establishing specific objectives for obtaining formation evaluation from well testing. Once the objectives are set, guidelines are given to design the test to meet all the objectives. The responsibility of test design rests on a well trained test engineer who also has the responsibility of test supervision, data quality control, data analysis, and test documentation. Guidelines are presented for procedures and instrumentation and a specific field example is presented that illustrates how to plan and conduct an exploration well test.
FORM FACTORS FOR PROTON TRANSFER REACTIONS TO UNBOUND ISOBARIC ANALOG STATES.

Proton form factors for isobaric analog resonances populated directly as residual states in ($d,n$) and ($^{3}\mathrm{He},d$) reactions are discussed and computed explicitly using a Lane-model Hamiltonian and the formalism of Feshbach's unified reaction theory. The resonance form factors thus obtained are compared in specific cases with equivalent parent bound-state form factors and with single-particle resonance wave functions. Numerical results and tests using data are presented for $^{92}\mathrm{Mo}(d,n)^{93}\mathrm{Tc}^{A}$, and it is shown that resonance form factors lead to a dramatic enhancement of the magnitude of the calculated cross section for some transitions, compared with calculations using conventional form factors. Such enhancements are consistent with the available data.
Estimation of Relative Esterification Rates by Gas Chromatography as an Aid in the Identification of Fatty Acids

Abstract : A simple and convenient method is described for estimating the relative esterification rates of unknown fatty acids, HCl catalyzed in methanol. All that is essential is a reasonably quantiative chromatographic procedure for resolving a set of acids and their methyl esters. Satisfactory estimates are obtained from acids with relative rates greater than 0.001 where the relative rate of a normal acid is 1.00. With a slight modification, relative rates of slower reacting acids can be adequately determined. (Author)
Application of Current Guidelines to the Management of Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) is a common but heterogeneous disorder with patients exhibiting widely varying risks. Early risk stratification is at the center of the management program and can be achieved using clinical criteria and biomarkers, or a combination. In addition to anti-ischemic therapy and aspirin, the thienopyridine clopidogrel is indicated except in patients who are potential candidates for urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists are indicated in high-risk patients likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) but are not indicated in the management of lower-risk patients who do not undergo PCI. There is a growing body of evidence to support the substitution of the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin for unfractionated heparin (UFH). Three recent trials have demonstrated the benefit of an early invasive strategy with catheterization followed by revascularization in patients at high and intermediate risk. Lower-risk patients should undergo early noninvasive stress testing. An intensive program of secondary prevention is mandatory and should be begun before hospital discharge.
Resonance fluorescence with excitation of finite bandwidth

The problem of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom that is driven near resonance by a laser beam of finite bandwidth is tackled via the Heisenberg equations of motion, by a simple generalization of our previous treatment. It is found that the two-time intensity correlation function is again factorizable into a product of the mean light intensities at the two times, each of which is slightly modified under broad-band excitation from its value under monochromatic excitation. The spectrum of the fluorescence is affected rather more drastically, and, in general, becomes asymmetric under broad-band excitation.
Estimated reduction in dental expenditures for lowans through preventive programs

The potential reduction in expenditures related to dental treatment has been estimated for lowans who will be treated in the future by prevention oriented dentists. lowans currently spend $63 million annually for dental care. This figure could be reduced by between $13 million and $23 million annually if the population practiced effective home care. Average percentage reductions in dental caries and periodontal disease through the use of various preventive agents have been applied to the current dental expenditures of lowans. Estimates are based on the assumption that preventive procedures are started at an early age and carried out for the lifetime of an individual.