cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Placental glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) is up-regulated in human pregnancies complicated by late-onset intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract Introduction Transport of glucose from maternal blood across the placental trophoblastic tissue barrier is critical to sustain fetal growth. The mechanism by which GLUTs are regulated in trophoblasts in response to ischemic hypoxia encountered with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has not been suitably investigated. Objective To investigate placental expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 and possible mechanisms of GLUT regulation in idiopathic IUGR. Methods We analyzed clinical, biochemical and histological data from placentas collected from women affected by idiopathic full-term IUGR ( n = 10) and gestational age-matched healthy controls ( n = 10). Results We found increased GLUT3 protein expression in the trophoblast (cytotrophoblast greater than syncytiotrophoblast) on the maternal aspect of the placenta in IUGR compared to normal placenta, but no differences in GLUT1 or GLUT4 were found. No differential methylation of the GLUT3 promoter between normal and IUGR placentas was observed. Increased GLUT3 expression was associated with an increased nuclear concentration of HIF-1α, suggesting hypoxia may play a role in the up-regulation of GLUT3. Discussion Further studies are needed to elucidate whether increased GLUT3 expression in IUGR is a marker for defective villous maturation or an adaptive response of the trophoblast in response to chronic hypoxia. Conclusions Patients with IUGR have increased trophoblast expression of GLUT3, as found under the low-oxygen conditions of the first trimester.
Generating robust optical entanglement in weak-coupling optomechanical systems

A pulsed scheme for generating robust optical entanglement via the coupling of two optical modes to a mechanical oscillator is proposed. This scheme is inspired by the S\o{}rensen-M\o{}lmer approach for entangling trapped ions in a thermal environment and is based on the use of optical driving pulses that are slightly detuned from the respective sideband resonance. We show that for certain pulse durations, the optomechanical interaction can return the mechanical oscillator to its initial state, disentangling the mechanical and optical systems. The corresponding optical entanglement generation is robust against thermal mechanical noise in the weak as well as the strong-coupling regimes. Significant optical entanglement can be generated in the weak-coupling regime, even in the presence of a large thermal phonon occupation.
Departments of corrections as purchasers of community-based treatment: A national study

Community-based substance abuse treatment for offenders has been shown to reduce both substance use and recidivism. One strategy to ensure treatment availability for offenders is to have each state's Department of Corrections (DOC) fund treatment directly. Purchasing treatment implies regulation, but DOC as both a purchaser and regulator of community-based services has been underexamined. This national survey of administrators from the Single State Authority (SSA) and DOC in each state found DOCs purchase treatment in 35 states, with most states purchasing it directly from community-based providers utilizing a variety of funding sources. Fewer states reported DOCs purchased ancillary services than SSAs (68% vs. 81%). Although both DOCs and SSAs had workforce and program requirements, there were differences within and between states. Most (41/42) SSA administrators reported a strong relationship with DOC. This report represents the first step in describing the availability, mechanisms, and regulations of these two publicly funded community-based treatment systems.
Attentional strategies for studying scientific texts.

Content-area novices develop rules as to what types of information (e.g., definitions, facts, equations) are important in texts (Dee-Lucas & Larkin, 1988). The study reported here indicates that these rules influence text learning. Experts and novices read and recalled science texts. Reading times and recall for different types of content were compared for the two groups. Results indicate that novices’ importance rules function as part of novices’ control schema during reading, influencing their attentional processes and the resulting representation formed for the text. This was evident in qualitative differences between experts and novices in their attentional patterns and text recall. The study also found that the number of passage readings and the passage topic have a greater influence on the reading times of exports, but both groups adjust processing time according to the hierarchical level of the passage content. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for novices learning from texts.
Soft tissue sarcomas in children associated with congenital anomalies.

An apparent relationship between congenital malformations and some embryonal tumors of parenchymal organs has been observed. Other embryonal tumors have not been associated with such defects. Of 20 children with soft tissue sarcomas reviewed, four had multiple and significant anomalies, and four others had single defects. No conclusions can be reached from this series, but the question of similar occurrence in larger series is raised, along with the suggestion of a similar or related basis for neoplasia and anomalies.
Optimization of absorption in InAs/InxGa1-xSb superlattices for long-wavelength infrared detection

Abstract The linear absorption coefficient of InAs/In x Ga 1-x Sb superlattices is optimized based on an 8×8 envelope-function approximation (EFA) model. The effect of layer widths, indium content, buffer choice, substrate orientation, interface type, layer growth order, piezoelectricity, and layer width variations on the cutoff wavelength and the linear absorption coefficient is investigated. We propose specific superlattice parameters that optimize absorption for superlattices grown on GaSb at three cutoff wavelengths.
Discourse-Centered Approach to Language and Culture

The Sapir- Whorf hypothesis, as usually formulated, searches for isomorphisms between grammar and culture and views language as either providing the means for thought and perception, or, in its stronger form, conditioning thought, perception, and world view. In this article I consider discourse to be the concrete expression of language-culture relationships. It is discourse that creates, recreates, focuses, modifies, and transmits both culture and language and their intersection, and it is especially in verbally artistic and playful discourse, such as poetry, magic, verbal dueling, and political rhetoric, that the resources provided by grammar, as well as cultural meanings and symbols, are activated to their fullest potential and the essence of language-culture relationships becomes salient.
A Dynamic-Clustering Reactive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor network is quite similar to neural network of human beings, which is a cluster of firmly related individual units and performs a special function. In this paper we propose a Dynamic-Clustering Reactive Routing algorithm based on Neural Structure (DCRR) according to the architecture and principle of neural network. The nodes in the network are driven by events. Temporary cluster-head is selected by nodes according to the similarity and isochronism of local on-the-spot data, then it is up to the temporary cluster-head to merge the data, by doing this the redundant messages are decreased efficiently as soon as possible. At the same time, we let the inspecting thresholds of each node change with data automatically. We compare the performance of DCRR with another reactive clustering algorithm, TEEN. The simulation results verify that the DCRR algorithm achieves significantly better balance in the battery power distribution and extends the network' s lifetime considerably.
The Affordable Care Act Lays The Groundwork For A National Diabetes Prevention And Treatment Strategy

The Affordable Care Act includes several provisions that could create a comprehensive approach to preventing and treating diabetes and other chronic health conditions. The current prevention and treatment system is an unconnected, silo-based approach, which reduces the effectiveness and increases the cost of health care. This article presents a three-part proposal: expand the Diabetes Prevention Program nationally; build care coordination through health teams into the traditional Medicare program; and use these teams to connect public health, prevention, and treatment. Enrollment in evidence-based lifestyle modification programs—specifically, those focused on excess weight—should be added as a covered benefit under Medicare with no cost sharing. Funding for the Medicare component could be provided through the budget of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. The proposal in its totality has the potential for improving health outcomes and reducing costs.
Elastic waves in a multilayered solid due to a dislocation source

Abstract A modified version of the wave number integral approach is applied to the calculation of the motion produced in a multilayered solid by dynamic sources. A new method of pole removal is introduced to facilitate separation of the continuous and the discrete spectral responses of the medium. The well-known numerical difficulties associated with the calculation of the integrands of the continuous spectra and the mode shapes of the discrete spectra are avoided through the use of delta matrices. Special numerical integration schemes are used to calculate the body wave integrals accurately at smaller distances and higher frequencies.
The Structure of Displacement Cascades in Silicon

We have extended the work of Mueller and Guenzer on the simulation of damage cascades in silicon. We considered the effects of modifying the energy cutoff and interparticle interaction that they used. We also examined the effect of finite temperature on channeling and of using an amorphous model for the silicon, rather than a crystalline model. An estimate of the maximum size of heavily damaged regions produced by neutron induced displacement damage cascades was made. The effects of high neutron fluence and of annealing are briefly discussed, as is the likehood of permanent device damage resulting from the displacement damage.
Metatherian Mammals from the Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Their Biochronologic and Paleobiogeographic Significance

Abstract Isolated teeth representing several taxa of metatherian mammals were recovered from NMMNH locality L-4005 in the Naashoibito Member, Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, northwestern New Mexico. These include fragments of upper and lower molars and a fragmentary premolar that are referred to indeterminate “pediomyids,” an isolated p2 or p3 that is referred to an indeterminate peradectid, and two lower molars, an m1 or m2 and an m4 that are referable to the hatcheriforme metatherian Glasbius cf. G. intricatus. Two upper molar fragments are also tentatively referred to Glasbius. These taxa are part of the Alamo Wash local fauna. Glasbius has been proposed as a potential first appearance datum for the Lancian North American Land Mammal ‘age’ (NALMA). The presence of both Glasbius and the multituberculate Essonodon within the Naashoibito Member support an age correlative with other formations producing Lancian faunas. A Lancian age for the Naashoibito Member suggests that there is a significant discon...
Civil Society in Russia: Models and Prospects for Development

The notion that human beings form groups voluntarily, apart from government, is not new. Known as "civil society," this idea has been examined by philosophers from Socrates to Rawls.' Only recently, however, has civil society appeared as a subject of study in Russia.2 Alexander Domrin's article focuses on legal aspects of the development of civil society and offers an informative discussion of the term "civil society" in the Russian context.3 While Domrin is correct in asserting that the resolution of key social problems, such as the development of a sound economic system, necessarily predate the foundation of effective civil society, none would disagree that the fate of a democratic state in Russia, in its inevitable Russian variant, hangs on the development of civic groups. Thus, the topic is of immense importance both for the scholarly world and for the rough-and-tumble one of Russian politics and foreign policy. This brief essay seeks to place Domrin's article in a broader social and political context by considering several matters: an additional discussion of the term "civil society" and how it may be applied to Russia; models of civil society development, and how Russian civil society fits into a developmental scheme; and evidence of the growth of Russian civic groups. The essay argues that a civil society, as defined below, is developing in Russia today and expresses cautious optimism for the future of voluntary, civic groups as a
Octopus: An efficient phase space mapping for light particles

I present a generator for relativistic phase space that incorporates much of the effect of typical experimental cuts, and which is suitable for use in Monte Carlo calculations of cross sections for high-energy hadron-hadron or electron-positron scattering experiments.
TOPOLOGICAL ELECTRONIC LIQUIDS : ELECTRONIC PHYSICS OF ONE DIMENSION BEYOND THE ONE SPATIAL DIMENSION

There is a class of electronic liquids in dimensions greater than 1 that shows all essential properties of one-dimensional electronic physics. These are topological liquids\char22{}correlated electronic systems with a spectral flow. Compressible topological electronic liquids are superfluids. In this paper we present a study of a conventional model of a topological superfluid in two spatial dimensions. This model is thought to be relevant to a doped Mott insulator. We show how the spectral flow leads to the superfluid hydrodynamics and how the orthogonality catastrophe affects off-diagonal matrix elements. We also compute the major electronic correlation functions. Among them are the spectral function, the pair wave function, and various tunneling amplitudes. To compute correlation functions we develop a method of current algebra\char22{}an extension of the bosonization technique of one spatial dimension. In order to emphasize a similarity between electronic liquids in one dimension and topological liquids in dimensions greater than 1, we first review the Fr\"ohlich-Peierls mechanism of ideal conductivity in one dimension and then extend the physics and the methods into two spatial dimensions.
Histidine-rich protein genes and their transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum and P. lophurae.

The presence of histidine-rich protein (HRP) related genes and gene products in Plasmodium falciparum was demonstrated using a synthetic pentahistidine-encoding oligonucleotide and a cloned HRP cDNA probe prepared from the avian parasite P. lophurae. In Northern blotting experiments, two knobby clones of P. falciparum were found to contain a 3500 nucleotide RNA species that hybridized with the oligonucleotide and HRP cDNA probes. As this component had the expected size for an mRNA encoding an 80–90 kDa protein and was absent from two knobless clones of P. falciparum, we concluded that it represented a ‘knob protein’ mRNA. Using the restriction enzyme EcoRI, three identical cross-hydribizing HRP gene fragments were found in the DNA of both knobby and knobless clones of P. falciparum. These fragments differed in size from those present in P. lophurae. These results suggest that the absence of knob protein mRNA in knobless clones is not due to loss of the corresponding gene(s).
short gastrulation, a mutation causing delays in stage-specific cell shape changes during gastrulation in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Mutations at the short gastrulation locus affect the timing of certain early morphogenetic events occurring during gastrulation in Drosophila melanogaster . Specifically, the invagination and subsequent closing of the posterior midgut and the anterior midgut appear to be delayed in these embryos. In addition, their germbands do not extend the full distance anteriorly on the dorsal side of the embryo. The dorsal cells are abnormally thick and fall into extremely deep dorsal folds as the germband extends. sog embryos continue development, but form disorganized first instar larvae. Normal sog expression is required in the zygote, but not in the mother for normal embryonic development and viability. Analysis of adult and larval gynandromorphs indicates that sog expression is required only in the ventral and/or anterior and posterior ends of the embryo, arguing that the dorsal abnormalities caused by the mutation are secondary consequences of defects elsewhere in mutant embryos.
Note on a Variation with Frequency of the Torsional Modulus of German Silver Wire and its Relation to Gyromagnetic Measurements

A quite unmistakeable deficit of the mean gyromagnetic ratio for certain ferromagnetic substances as reported some years ago by W. Sucksmith and L. F. Bates from the mean ratio obtained for the same substances in much more elaborate investigations in the laboratories of one of us, might be explained by such a variation alone if the torsional modulus of German silver wire in rapid oscillation (dynamic modulus, ${M}_{d}$) were smaller by four or five percent than the modulus for steady twist (static modulus, ${M}_{s}$)---a result, however, which we should not expect to find. The calibrating operations of the authors referred to were carried out partly with rapid oscillations, partly with steady deflections; and they assumed (implicitly) that the two moduli were equal. We have not worked with the true static modulus, but have determined the ratio of ${M}_{d}$ for frequencies ranging approximately from 17 to 50 per second, comparable with those used in the work mentioned, to ${M}_{d}$ for periods ranging approximately from 4 sec. to 28 sec.---times doubtless quite comparable with or greater than the times required to produce steady twists in this work. We have detected no certain change of modulus in the high frequency range, or in the range of periods between 4 sec. and 28 sec. However, the modulus has been found to diminish by 1 percent in passing from oscillations with the period 5 sec. to those in the high frequency range. This unexpected diminution reduces somewhat the discrepancy that initiated the experiments described in this note, and it seems important to us for other reasons also. But much the greater part of the discrepancy must be accounted for in other ways.
Application of Participatory Action Research to Measure Nutrition Evaluation Scale System (NESSy) Usability in the Field

Abstract NESSy is a new computerized food intake recording and diet assessment method intended for lay public use. While accuracy was the primary goal guiding the first phase of NESSy development, NESSy usability concerns governed the second phase. Previous validation studies demonstrated that NESSy yields results which are within 2% of actual group energy intake and within 5% of actual individual energy intake when compared to intake weighed and recorded by professionals. However, researchers quickly realized that while concepts such as "user-friendly," "easy-to-use," and "self-explanatory" were thought to be simple to incorporate into the user interface, they were in fact extremely difficult concepts to achieve. To break from the paradigms of traditional quantitative evaluation methods, PAR, an established qualitative research method rooted in Action Research and Dialogic Inquiries, was used to involve the NESSy participants in re-engineering and re-designing the NESSy user interface. PAR engages participants as "active" partners rather than "passive" subjects in defining and resolving problems. The unique characteristic of PAR is that it creates an authentic program development process while simultaneously introducing NESSy usage benefits for software users and researchers. Thirty-eight participants, between 20 to 45 years, were individually interviewed after a minimum of 2 days of consecutive NESSy usage. Each participant was asked to discuss the same list of questions and the same set of NESSy interface screens. Through this interactive process user insights to problem resolution emerged. Major underlying NESSy software design constructs which were determined and improved through PAR included: 1) Sufficient intelligence and flexibility need to be built into the NESSy user interface in order to provide a perception of user control while in truth the software is controlling data acquisition processes; 2) Accurate usage of NESSy depends upon the program's ability to easily convey universal meaning to users having a wide array of life styles and different social, cultural, and educational backgrounds; and 3) NESSy must appear to be always engaged in an active dialogue with the user to ensure accurate data collection. In conclusion, this project was unique in that it used PAR to increase usability of NESSy without compromising accuracy. In addition, it was found that PAR was a complete and necessary educational experience for the researchers before NESSy could be moved beyond its own limits and boundaries towards wide public acceptance. Thus, this project shows PAR can provide a new approach to nutrition software interface design and development.
An unusual polyene from male stable flies

The major component of the cuticular lipids of male stable flies,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was identified as (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene. The identification was confirmed by synthesis. This material is of unknown biological function; it is apparently not produced by female stable flies.
Playa-lake deposition: Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado

Sedimentary rocks of the Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, were deposited on a broad playa fringe and in a shallow-water lake which underwent frequent periods of desiccation. The shallow-water nature of the depositional environment is demonstrated by widespread stromatolitic limestone, ooliths, pisoliths, and interference and oscillation ripples. Frequent periods of desiccation are indicated by mud cracks, flat-pebble conglomerate, ripples with flattened crests and mud cracks in troughs, and crystal molds of saline minerals. These assemblages of sedimentary structures are consistent with deposition in a playa-lake complex and inconsistent with a deep, permanently stratified lake. The saline minerals interbedded with high-yield oil shale in the center of the Piceance Creek Basin are explained in terms of modern playa-lake hydrology and mineral equilibria in the system NaHCO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -NaCl-H 2 O. The physical, chemical, and biological evidence strongly supports cyclic deposition and seasonal, as opposed to permanent, chemical stratification of the lake.
Computing time-frequency distributions (signal analysis)

Recently, numerous strategies have been proposed for computing discrete time-frequency distributions such as the Wigner distribution. The author describes an efficient and straightforward strategy for computing time-frequency distributions that are members of Cohen's class. The strategy is based on the work by A.H. Nuttall (Naval Underwater Syst. Center, Tech. Rep., 8533, April 1989) which has resolved the questions concerning aliasing and required sampling rate for the Wigner distribution. >
Assessing the influence of rapid urban growth and regional policies on biological resources

Abstract Global human population transitioned from a rural to urban majority in 2008. The struggle to accommodate urban growth while simultaneously conserving natural resources will be felt around the globe. The capacity to project urban growth scenarios that reflect various public policies so that their relative impacts can be evaluated on natural resources is broadly needed. We developed a framework for such analyses by using a spatially explicit urban growth model to project seven different growth scenarios that represent a range of public policies. The outputs were analyzed in terms of their impacts on 14 types of conservation priority lands. The scenarios covered policies that ranged from “Business as Usual,” to “Farmland Soils Protection,” to “Compact Growth.” At state-government convened meetings, regional scientists identified and assembled the 14 key conservation priority data layers reflecting high value open space and conservation opportunities. We assessed the impact of each projected urban growth output with each conservation priority layer. The scenario with the least overall ecological impact was the Compact Growth Scenario; the Great Cities Scenario was also relatively low. Because of its efficiency and ease of use, the general availability of needed data, and its suitability for use by local governments, the method presented here could be incorporated for other regions of the world where working landscapes are negatively affected by urban growth.
Redefinition of the location of the dorsal (Motor) nucleus of the vagus in the rat

The rostrocaudal extent of the preganglionic parasympathetics of the vagus nerve (DNV, the dorsal nucleus of the vagus, also called the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus) was traced using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport method. Labeled cells were found within, and both rostral and caudal to, the classically-defined DNV. Cell bodies of origin of the preganglionic parasympathetics of the vagus formed a continuous longitudinal, spindle-shaped column extending from an area rostral to the rostralmost border of the inferior olivary nucleus caudally through the nucleus commissuralis (NC) of the lower medulla, and continuing in an attenuated fashion in the dorsal commissural gray (CG) of the cervical spinal cord. The rostral quarter of this cell column consisted of only a few cells lateral to the fourth ventricle in the mid-medulla. The middle one-half of the DNV cell column included the classically-defined dorsal nucleus of the vagus, located dorsolateral to the hypoglossal nucleus and lateral to the fourth ventricle rostrally, and located dorsolateral to the hypoglossal nucleus and the central canal caudally. In the caudal medulla, the caudal quarter of the cell column consisted of cell bodies in the NC. Scattered labeled cell bodies were found in the CG of the spinal cord, extending caudally to the C5-C6 level.
Increased survival associated with radiolabeled lym-1 therapy for non-hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia†

BACKGROUND Because most patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) respond to radioimmunotherapy (RIT), the study was designed to evaluate the relationship between response and survival in patients treated with radiolabeled Lym-1. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with NHL (52) or CLL (5) were treated with radiolabeled Lym-1 antibody between 1985 and 1994. Influence of response to treatment on survival was examined directly and was also adjusted for other factors previously found to be significant predictors of survival. A multivariate model that was based on baseline Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) predicted response and survival and was used to define risk groups. Proportional-hazards, Kaplan-Meier, and Landmark models were used to evaluate parameters for their ability to predict outcome. RESULTS By using a proportional-hazards model with response as a time-dependent variable, overall response (P < 0.001) and complete response (P = 0.006) were predictive of increased survival in univariate analyses. Overall response continued to be significant (P = 0.02) in multivariate analyses, even when risk groups that also predicted survival were included. Median survival of responders was 84 weeks, whereas that of nonresponders was 22 weeks when the Landmark method, based on response status at 16 weeks from start of therapy, was used to generate survival curves. CONCLUSIONS Response to treatment with radiolabeled Lym-1 was associated with increased survival, even when adjusted for baseline clinical parameters that also predicted for survival. The results provide the first unbiased evidence for survival effects of RIT in patients. Cancer 1997; 80:2706-11. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Truncated Binomial and Negative Binomial Distributions

(1955). Truncated Binomial and Negative Binomial Distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 50, No. 271, pp. 877-883.
Representing Isabel Paterson

One night about fifteen years ago, I found myself driving a rental car up and down the main street of a tiny Connecticut town, feverishly hunting for an address. I had gotten lost on my trip into the hinterland, and by the time my car turned hesitantly up the drive of an old house that seemed to match the numbers on my notepad, I was hours late for my appointment. When the thick door creaked open, I started my apologies, but the woman I had come to interview paid no attention. "Come out to the kitchen," she said. Muriel Hall, former researcher for Time-Life, knew how to treat other researchers. She had kept the food warm and the drinks cold, and before the night was over, I saw her lift the top of an old wooden box and start laying out the treasure I had hoped to find-the papers of Isabel Paterson.
Interictal quantitative EEG in epilepsy

Abstract The interictal EEG is often normal in epilepsy patients, particularly with partial seizures of extratemporal origin. Quantitative techniques of EEG analysis may increase the yield of diagnostic abnormality in such patients. Thirty patients with partial seizures of frontal or temporal origin had EEG recorded from left frontal (F7-C3), right frontal (F8-C4), left posterior (T5-O1), and right posterior (T6-02) derivations. Four-second epochs were used to compute power in the delta (0.25–4.0 Hz), theta (4.25-8.0 Hz), alpha (8.25-13 Hz), and beta (13.25-30 Hz) bands. The ratio of high (8.25-30 Hz) to low (0.25-8 Hz) power on the left and the right was measured, as was the ratio between the left and the right hemisphere total power. The mean frequency deviation in the alpha band between the left and the right hemispheres was also measured, and spectral mobility was determined in the right and the left frontal regions. These values were also calculated in normal subjects and tension headache patients with normal EEGs. Seizure patients with abnormal interictal EEGs had decreased ratios of high to low power, greater asymmetry of total power and alpha frequency, and reduced spectral mobility on the side of their EEG foci. Epileptics with normal interictal EEGs had lower ratios of high to low power, greater alpha frequency asymmetry, and lower spectral mobility than did headache patients or normal controls. Power and frequency measurements, and determination of spectral measures such as mobility, can be done with commercially available digital EEG equipment. They may demonstrate otherwise obscure asymmetries in the interictal EEG and thereby aid in epilepsy diagnosis and classification.
Electrical reliability of electrically conductive adhesive joints: dependence on curing condition and current density

Abstract The use of electrically conductive adhesives as interconnection materials in electronic assembly process is increasingly becoming a vital part of the electronics industry. Flip-chip joining technique using conductive adhesives has been identified as a key technology for future electronics assembly and manufacturing. The purpose of the present work is to investigate optimum conditions to achieve the best electrical performance in conductive adhesive joints. This study shows a comparison of electrical performance in conductive adhesive joints at various current densities with different curing conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry and resistance measurement were used to monitor curing condition in conductive adhesives. Accelerated life testing of conductive adhesive joints made of the selected conductive adhesive using different curing conditions was performed with various current densities. The current-induced degradation of conductive adhesive joints was investigated using optical microscopy and electrical resistance measurements. Results show a strong dependence of curing condition and current density on electrical performance of adhesive joints. Additionally, sample cured for less time exhibited better quality than sample cured for more time at high current densities. It is also found that conducting particles move with the current-induced aging, which shows that the migration of conducting particles can induce the failure of conductive adhesive joint during the current-induced resistance increase.
Psychopharmacology: Finding One's Way

The paper recalls the experiences of the author over the past forty-eight years in a field which later became known as psychopharmacology. The author began in physical chemistry and traditional pharmacology. His interest in the nervous system stemmed from X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of living myelin, and led, by way of studies on the distribution of cholinesterases and the effects of atropine, to the study of the effects of drugs on the electrical activity of the brain in the conscious animal. At the clinical level it included studies of the effects of drugs on catatonic schizophrenic stupor. These studies took place before the discovery of chlorprornazine. They led to the creation, in 1951, of the Department of Experimental Psychiatry in Birmingham, England, the first department of its kind in the world. The department included neurochemical, electrophysiological, and animal behavior laboratories and a strong clinical facility (the Uffculme Clinic). The first blind trial of chlorprornazine was carried out in that department in 1953 and 1954. The existence of families of neuroregulatory compounds, having uneven distribution in the brain, and exerting regional chemical field effects in relation to function was postulated on the basis of experimental and clinical findings. The work of colleagues and participants in the various studies is gratefully acknowledged in the text. In 1954 the author sewed as convening executive secretary of the first International Symposium on Neurochemistry at Oxford, England, the first meeting of its kind. He came to the United States in 1957 and founded, and served as first director of, the new Clinical Neuropharmacology Research Center, now the Center for Neuroscience at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, DC. He directed this program from 1957 to 1963. Subsequent activities at Johns Hopkins, the World Health Organization, and the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) are recalled. In 1961 he was elected first president of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. In looking back, he notes the sparse and personal nature of the field in the late 1940s and early 1950s, its explosive growth in the wake of the major clinical discoveries, and above all, the emergence of a new science through the interaction of neurochemistry, electrophysiology, studies of animal behavior, and the refinement of the clinical trial. He regards the emergence of concepts of regional chemistry of the brain as particularly significant, and feels that psychopharmacology is ideally positioned to act as an intermediary between classical pharmacology and quantum biology. The transdisciplinary nature of psychopharmacology provides a template for a comprehensive psychiatry of the future-a discipline which is now positioned to lead. He also feels that future discoveries in psychopharmacology will pose a most poignant ethical dilemma for medicine, and argues for a timely readying for these responsibilities.
Inheritance of amphetamine-induced thermoregulatory responses in inbred mice.

Two inbred strains of mice, DBA/2 and C57BL/6, differ in their responses to d-amphetamine-induced alteration of core temperature. At low doses of amphetamine (e.g., 2 mg/kg IP), both strains become markedly hypothermic within 10–20 minutes. High doses (e.g., 20 mg/kg IP) induce significant hyperthermia (+1.8°C) in DBA/2 mice but have only a slight hyperthermic effect (+ 0.2–0.3°C) effect on C57BL/6 mice. The phenotype of the F1 hybrid strain derived by crossing C57BL/6 by DBA/2 is indistinguishable from its C57BL/6 parent at a dose of 20 mg/kg IP, i.e., reduced responsiveness to amphetamine-induced hyperthermia is dominant. Analysis of the thermoregulatory responses of recombinant inbred derivatives (lines BXD-9, 11, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 28, 28, 30) suggest that the relative responses to amphetamine-induced hyperthermia is inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. These results differ from other pairs of inbred mouse strains which have been compared. These findings identify yet another neuropharmacological difference between mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 and are reviewed in terms of neuroregulatory mechanisms effecting thermoregulation.
Use of a carbon dioxide laser to treat ceruminous gland hyperplasia in a cat

This case report describes the skin condition ceruminous gland hyperplasia of the ears of a cat. The diagnosis was made through histopathology. Treatment consisted of carbon dioxide laser ablation of the cystic structures and postoperative care associated with the surgery, as well as a hydrolyzed protein diet, weekly ear cleaning and intermittent topical corticosteroid drops in the ears to minimize the reoccurrence of the cysts.
The Biology of Tardigrades: An Introduction to the 9th International Symposium on Tardigrada*

The 9th International Symposium on Tardigrada took place in Tampa, Florida, USA from 28 July to 1 August 2003. Fifty-four participants representing thirteen countries attended and there were fifty-two presentations of which fourteen were chosen for the publication in these proceedings. Topics include cryptobiosis, ecology, taxonomy and systematics of tardigrades.
Conceptual design of a 1.1-GeV 500-μa fast cycling proton synchrotron

A very high intensity proton synchrotron system which could be used for a pulsed spallation neutron source and low energy neutrino and meson physics facility is designed. The synchrotron would accelerate 200 MeV protons to 1.1 GeV with a repetition rate of 50 pulses per sec. The number of protons per pulse is 6.3 × 1013, resulting in an average proton current of 500 μA. In order to accomodate the high intensity considerable attention was directed toward minimizing beam loss, controlling space charge forces, and eliminating beam instabilities. Special features of the conceptual design include H- charge exchange injection, a guide field flat-bottom of 1.5 msec to facilitate low-loss injection and capture, 15 msec acceleration period, and 3.5 msec for reset of the guide field. A separated function lattice consists of normal cells, dispersion suppressor cells, and matching cells. It provides sufficient straight section length to accommodate a fairly long rf system. A low impedance rf system (cathode-follower) is considered in order to overcome strong beam loading effects in the cavities. Rapid bunch shaping is employed at the end of acceleration to produce pulses of 200 nsec duration for possible neutrino experiments. The transverse acceptances used in the design are: eH = 500 π mm mr and eV = 300 π mm mr.
Representation of breakthrough curves for fixed-bed adsorbers and reactors using moments of the impulse response

Abstract An approximate expression for breakthrough curves (step responses) in isothermal packed-bed adsorbers and reactors is obtained by using the first two moments of the impulse response in a leading term of a Laguerre polynomial series expansion. The approximation is expressed in terms of an incomplete gamma function which can readily be obtained either by Romberg integration or from tabulated values. The approximation agrees well with analytical solutions for both long and short packed-beds. It is shown that the leading term of the Laguerre series is a better approximation to analytical solutions for short beds than the Hermite polynomial expansion and is at least equal to the latter in case of long columns.
Effect of organic isothiocyanates on breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), dietary compounds with chemopreventive activity, on breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-mediated transport.
The airglow of venus

Abstract Low dispersion, high speed spectra of the unilluminated portion of Venus show emission features at 4415 A and 4435 A which agree in position with those found by Kozyrev. Kozyrev's other emission bands are not corroborated by these spectra. A previously unreported emission band may be present at 4505 A. The radiance of the emission bands centered at 4420 A is about eighty times that of the 5577 A line of the terrestrial airglow. It is unknown whether the emission from the dark side of Venus is of airglow or auroral character.
Direct measurement of antibody production in cell suspensions using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Abstract We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibody production in cell suspensions using highly sensitive avidin-biotinylated peroxidase (ABC) reagents. The cells are serially diluted in media and placed directly on a standard antigen-coated microtiter plate for 6 h, and the plate is then washed and processed to determine the bound antibody. The amount of antibody detected is reduced by puromycin indicating in vitro synthesis. Standard errors of the means of optical density readings of replicate samples are less than 10%. The background readings and readings obtained using non-immune cells are negligible, demonstrating no significant contamination by endogenous peroxidase.
Activity-Guided Isolation of Constituents of Renealmia nicolaioides with the Potential to Induce the Phase II Enzyme Quinone Reductase

Three new prenylated dihydrochalcones, (+/-)-nicolaioidesins A, B, and C (1-3), as well as a new natural product, 5-styrylfuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4), along with four known compounds, 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone (5), (+/-)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (6), (+/-)-5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone, and panduratin A, were isolated from the roots of Renealmia nicolaioides, using a bioassay to determine the induction of quinone reductase (QR) activity with cultured Hepa lclc7 mouse hepatoma cells. Among these isolates, 5 and 6 induced QR activity, with observed concentrations to double activity (CD) values of 1.7 and 0.9 microg/mL, respectively, while the other constituents were not regarded as being active (CD >10 microg/mL). The chemical structures of 1-4 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. A biogenetic pathway for the formation of (+/-)-nicolaioidins A-C (1-3) is proposed.
Expectant management of mild preeclampsia versus superimposed preeclampsia up to 37 weeks

Objective We sought to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of expectantly managed pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia vs mild preeclampsia up to 37 weeks of gestation. Study Design This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of all pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia or mild preeclampsia expectantly managed in the hospital from January 2008 through December 2011. The primary outcomes, adverse maternal and neonatal composite morbidities, were compared between these 2 groups. Frequency differences of maternal adverse outcomes were stratified by gestational age at delivery of 6/7 weeks of gestation. Results We found no significant differences in rates of neonatal composite morbidity or latency periods between women with superimposed preeclampsia and mild preeclampsia. Adverse neonatal outcomes were significantly higher at 6/7 weeks of gestation (97-98% vs 48-50%) in both cohorts. Maternal adverse composite outcome occurred more frequently in women with superimposed preeclampsia compared to mild preeclampsia (15% vs 5%; P = .003; relative risk, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–6.29). Conclusion Women with superimposed preeclampsia have similar neonatal outcomes but more maternal complications than women with preeclampsia without severe features who are expectantly managed
Stable Isotope- and Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics as Tools in Drug Metabolism: A Study Expanding Tempol Pharmacology

The application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the field of drug metabolism has yielded important insights not only into the metabolic routes of drugs but has provided unbiased, global perspectives of the endogenous metabolome that can be useful for identifying biomarkers associated with mechanism of action, efficacy, and toxicity. In this report, a stable isotope- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach that captures both drug metabolism and changes in the endogenous metabolome in a single experiment is described. Here the antioxidant drug tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) was chosen because its mechanism of action is not completely understood and its metabolic fate has not been studied extensively. Furthermore, its small size (MW = 172.2) and chemical composition (C9H18NO2) make it challenging to distinguish from endogenous metabolites. In this study, mice were dosed with tempol or deuterated tempol (C9D17HNO2) and their urine was profiled using ultraperforman...
Oxygenation strategy and neurologic damage after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. I. Gaseous microemboli

Abstract Objectives: Recent studies suggest that myocardial reperfusion injury is exacerbated by free radicals when pure oxygen is used during cardiopulmonary bypass. Partial replacement of the oxygenator gas mixture with nitrogen, however, such as has already been adopted clinically in many centers, could increase the risk of gaseous nitrogen microembolus formation and therefore of brain damage because of the low solubility of nitrogen, particularly under conditions of hypothermia. Methods: Ten 7- to 10-kg piglets were cooled for 30 minutes to 15°C on cardiopulmonary bypass and then rewarmed for 40 minutes to 37°C. In 5 piglets cardiopulmonary bypass was normoxic and in 5 it was hyperoxic. In each group 3 bubble oxygenators without arterial filters and 2 membrane oxygenators with filters were used. Cerebral microemboli were monitored continuously by carotid Doppler ultrasonography (8 MHz) and intermittently by fluorescence retinography. Results: Embolus count was greater with lower rectal temperature ( P P P = .021) but was not affected by the temperature gradient between blood and body during cooling or rewarming. Conclusions: Gaseous microemboli are increased with normoxic perfusion, but this is only important if a bubble oxygenator without a filter is used. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 117:1166-71)
Repeated Exposure to Moderate Doses of Alcohol in the Rat Fetus: Evidence of Sensitization to Toxic and Chemosensory Aspects of Alcohol

Two experiments tested responsiveness of the rat fetus to alcohol on gestational day (GD) 20 after previous maternal administration of low-to-moderate doses of alcohol (1 or 2 g/kg during GDs 17 to 19). Maternal alcohol intoxication on GD 20 resulted in substantial suppression of spontaneous fetal motor activity. The analysis of mouthing movements showed that this suppression of movement was further enhanced by exposure to alcohol during the previous 3 days of gestation (GDs 17 to 19). A second experiment indicated that this same exposure to alcohol during GDs 17 to 19 induced fetuses on GD 20 to emit more mouthing movements in response to intraoral infusions of alcohol. A moderate amount of prenatal alcohol exposure apparently sensitizes the fetus to the pharmacological and orosensory effects of alcohol.