cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making Distribution Markets: Market‐Wide Institutions in French and American Bicycle Distribution, 1865–1914

Scholars usually analyze market-making within specific parameters. Market sociologists analyze institutions primarily between competitors; global value chain scholars study institutional innovation along exchange sequences; and varieties of capitalism scholars examine national institutional frameworks. I analyze how entrepreneurs and trade associations used “market-wide” institutions such as exhibitions and publications in French and American bicycle distribution systems between 1865 and 1914 to improve exchange efficiencies and to influence other market actors and the markets' environments. I argue that market-makers adjusted these institutions to market conditions, and also to national institutional frameworks. The findings present opportunities for further research in competition and exchange institutions.
The influence of firm- and manager-specific characteristics on the structure of executive compensation

Abstract We analyze the influence of firm and managerial characteristics on executive compensation. Consistent with theory, we find monitoring difficulties result in greater use of options while CEO and blockholder ownership result in less. Risky investment is positively related to options and negatively related to cash bonus and restricted stock, suggesting that firms use options to encourage managers to take risks. We find a negative (positive) relation between options and leverage (convertible debt) consistent with minimizing the agency costs of debt. Finally, we provide new evidence on managerial horizon and incentives, documenting a concave relation between cash bonus and CEO age.
Polynuclear Copper(I) Clusters Supported by Carboxylate Ligands with Coordinatively Active Ester Group

Two new copper(I) complexes with polynuclear cores bridged by 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzoate ligands, [Cu6(O2CC6H4CO2C2H5)4(O2CCF3)2] (1) and [Cu4(O2CC6H4CO2C2H5)4] (2), have been prepared by ligand exchange method in high yield and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. The important role of intermolecular interactions between the polynuclear copper(I) clusters imposed through the coordinatively active dangling ester groups of bridging carboxylate ligands on the solid-state packing and photoluminescent behavior of 1 and 2 has been revealed.
What do employers expect? The educating systems librarian research project 1

An investigation of 133 job advertisements for systems librarians in American Libraries in 1996‐1997 was conducted to examine the increasingly important role that systems librarians play in the ever‐changing information environment, and to identify the knowledge, skills and qualifications of systems librarians expected by employers in various types of libraries. The results show that although systems librarians in different types of libraries may play different roles and have different emphases in their duties, the responsibility and knowledge requirements for them are generally expanding. Systems librarians are not only technology experts but also managers and coordinators. Positions for systems librarians in most academic and public libraries require at least one year of work experience. Employers expect systems librarians to have a strong computer and network background. Over two‐thirds of the position in public and academic libraries and more than half of the openings in other libraries require MLIS/MLS degrees.
219. Persistent Correction of Hyperphenylalaninemia Following Liver-Directed, rAAV2/8-Mediated Gene Therapy for Murine Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Top of pageAbstract We recently reported the complete correction of hyperphenylalaninemia in Pahenu2 mice, a model of human phenylketonuria (PKU), following portal vein injection of a rAAV2/ 8 vector expressing the mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) cDNA under the control of a strong liver specific (LSP) promoter. Our goal now is to evaluate the persistence of this effect following a single vector injection. Three hyperphenylalaninemic Pahenu2 mice (two female, one male) each received 5 X 1011 vector genomes (vg) of mouse PAH-expressing rAAV2/8 via portal vein injection. An additional two animals (one male, one female) received saline via portal vein injection only. Serum phenylalanine (PHE) levels decreased significantly by two weeks post injection in rAAV2/8 treated mice (mean preinjection serum PHE |[plusmn]| SE = 2074 |[plusmn]| 157 |[mu]|M vs. 150 |[plusmn]| 49.9 |[mu]|M two weeks post injection, p = 0.001; normal =157 |[plusmn]| 32 |[mu]|M), while serum PHE levels remain unchanged in saline treated controls. This effect has persisted out to 32 weeks post injection although serum PHE has increased modestly over time in the two rAAV2/8-treated female mice. The mean serum PHE level in rAAV2/8-treated mice 32 weeks after treatment was 630 |[mu]|M, still a significant decrease from preinjection levels. Body weight and physical appearance of the animals have remained normal followingrAAV2/8 treatment except or the expected increase in coat pigmentation following correction of lood PHE levels. Liver-directed, rAAV2/8 vector-mediated gene therapy has successfully corrected hyperphenylalaninemia in Pahenu2, but the stability of expression and the incidence of long-term adverse effects must continue to be evaluated.
A Conceptual Model for Developing Mindsets for Strategic Insight under Conditions of Complexity and High Uncertainty.

This article addresses an important, yet often underattended to, aspect of the strategy development process: fostering the use of strategic learning practices in the simultaneous practice of develo...
A polymer-based platform technology for integrated photonics

Polymers have been studied as an alternate material to silica for optical interconnects and photonic devices for the last decade. In this paper we review the work performed at GE Global Research in the area of polymer based material systems for photonic applications. A description of the application of the technology to several different areas is presented. Some of these application areas include optical interconnects, optoelectronic integration and electro-optical devices using polymer material systems. The overall effort includes areas of research from the basic chemistry of polymer optical materials to the development of photonic components. Specifically the use of polymer materials as a platform technology for hybrid integration in the development of multi-functional sub systems is reviewed.
Toxoplasma gondii: are host cell adenosine nucleotides a direct source for purine salvage?

Abstract Ngo, H. M., Ngo, E. O., Bzik, D. J., and Joiner, K. A. 2000. Toxoplasma gondii: Are host cell adenosine nucleotides a direct source for purine salvage? Experimental Parasitology95, 148–153.
Survival after transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood is comparable to that of human leukocyte antigen–matched unrelated donor bone marrow: results of a matched-pair analysis

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is being increasingly used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has been associated with a reduced incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To further investigate the relative merits of unrelated donor UCB versus bone marrow (BM), a matched-pair analysis comparing the outcomes of recipients of 0 to 3 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched UCB and HLA-A, B, DRB1-matched BM was performed. UCB patients, who received cyclosporine (CSA) and methylprednisolone (MP), were matched for age, diagnosis, and disease stage with BM patients, who received either methotrexate (MTX) and CSA (26 pairs) or T-cell depletion (TCD) and CSA/MP (31 pairs). Patients were predominantly children (median age, 5 years) undergoing transplantation for malignancy, storage diseases, BM failure, and immunodeficiency syndromes between 1991 and 1999. Although neutrophil recovery was significantly slower after UCB transplantation, the probability of donor-derived engraftment at day 45 was 88% in UCB versus 96% in BM-MTX recipients (P =.41) and 85% in UCB versus 90% in BM-TCD recipients (P =.32), respectively. Platelet recovery was similar in UCB versus BM pairs. Furthermore, incidences of acute and chronic GVHD were similar in UCB and BM recipients, with 53% of UCB versus 41% of BM-MTX recipients alive (P =.40) and 52% of UCB versus 56% of BM-TCD recipients alive at 2 years (P >.80), respectively. These data suggest that despite increased HLA disparity, probabilities of engraftment, GVHD, and survival after UCB transplantation are comparable to those observed after HLA-matched BM transplantation. Therefore, UCB should be considered an acceptable alternative to HLA-matched BM for pediatric patients.
VARIATION OF PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS BETWEEN ADJACENT LANES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE BASED CONTRACTING

There is a need to understand how pavement smoothness varies over space and time and with other environmental factors. Information from a large set of international roughness index (IRI) field data together with traffic and pavement design and age data is used to consider IRI variation across the lanes of multilane highways and freeways in the state of Connecticut. The objective is to determine to what extent IRI varies over all lanes through time in order to consider the amount of field data that will have to be collected for departments of transportation to adequately measure or predict pavement rideability for newer performance-based contracting agreements, particularly those involving contractor warranties. Results indicate that on the basis of IRI, small average roughness differences exist between adjacent lanes. IRI values are highest in the outer right lanes. Lateral differences are relatively consistent and random but small in magnitude. No strong effects could be found between pavement age, composition, or traffic loading and IRI. However, some preliminary evidence suggests that the influence of these factors may also vary by lane. These results have implications for future research as well as the logistics of pavement monitoring by agencies for warranty-based contract payments. First, the difference in IRI between lanes is small and consistent (0.1 to 0.2) when averaged over longer sections, and therefore it is not necessary to repeat measurements for all lanes along longer projects or whole routes. Second, the variation in these field IRI measurements is unpredictable, especially over smaller spatial areas, suggesting that IRI data should be collected in all lanes when shorter projects are being considered.
Law of the sea, the continental shelf, and marine research

The question of the amount of seabed to which a coastal nation is entitled is addressed in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This treaty, ratified by 153 nations and in force since 1994, specifies national obligations, rights, and jurisdiction in the oceans, and it allows nations a continental shelf out to at least 200 nautical miles or to a maritime boundary. Article 76 (A76) of the convention enables coastal nations to establish their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles and therefore to control, among other things, access for scientific research and the use of seabed resources that would otherwise be considered to lie beyond national jurisdiction. To date, seven submissions for extended continental shelves (ECS) have been filed under UNCLOS (Table 1). These submissions have begun to define the ambiguities in A76. How these ambiguities are resolved into final ECS boundaries will probably set important precedents guiding the future delimitation of the ECS by the United States, which has not ratified the convention, and other coastal nations. This report uses examples from the first three submissions—by the Russian Federation, Brazil, and Australia—to identify outstanding issues encountered in applying A76 to ECS delimitation.
The myth of technological neutrality in copyright and the rights of institutional users: recent legal challenges to the information organization as mediator and the impact of the DMCA, WIPO, and TEACH

This article discusses the accelerating trend of ownership rights in digital property, copyright, in specific. This trend is in contrast to the stated legislative purpose of copyright law to be neutral as to the technology that either owners employ to embody the copyrighted work or that others employ to facilitate access and use of the work. Recent legislative initiatives as well as interpretive court decisions have undermined this important concept. There is an ascendancy of digital ownership rights that threatens to undermine the concept of technological neutrality, which in essence guarantees that ownership and well as "use" rights apply equally to analog and digital environments. The result of this skewing is two-fold: an unstable environment with respect to the access and use rights of individuals, institutions, and other users of copyrighted material, and the incentive of copyright owners to present works to the public in digital formats alone, where ownership rights are strongest. This article attempts to plot that digital ascendancy and demonstrate the undermining of neutrality principles.
Tabbed tissue expanders improve breast symmetry scores in breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND Achieving symmetry is a key goal in breast reconstruction. Anatomically shaped tabbed expanders are a new tool in the armamentarium of the breast reconstruction surgeon. Suture tabs allow for full control over the expander position and thus inframammary fold position, and, in theory, tabbed expanders mitigate many factors responsible for poor symmetry. The impact of a tabbed expander on breast symmetry, however, has not been formally reported. This study aims to evaluate breast symmetry following expander-implant reconstruction using tabbed and non-tabbed tissue expanders. METHODS A chart review was performed of 188 consecutive expander-implant reconstructions that met the inclusion criteria of adequate follow-up data and postoperative photographs. Demographic, oncologic, postoperative complication, and photographic data was obtained for each patient. The photographic data was scored using a 4-point scale assessing breast symmetry by three blinded, independent reviewers. RESULTS Of the 188 patients, 74 underwent reconstruction with tabbed expanders and 114 with non-tabbed expanders. The tabbed cohort had significantly higher symmetry scores than the non-tabbed cohort (2.82/4±0.86 vs. 2.55/4±0.92, P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS The use of tabbed tissue expanders improves breast symmetry in tissue expander-implant-based breast reconstruction. Fixation of the expander to the chest wall allows for more precise control over its location and counteracts the day-to-day translational forces that may influence the shape and location of the expander pocket, mitigating many factors responsible for breast asymmetry.
Phenylene-Bridged Binuclear Organolanthanide Complexes as Catalysts for Intramolecular and Intermolecular Hydroamination

The phenylene-bridged bimetallic organolanthanide complexes p-bis{Cp′′Ln[N(SiHMe2)2]2}phenylene (p-Ln2; Ln = Y, La, Cp′′ = tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) and m-bis{Cp′′La[N(SiHMe2)2]2}phenylene (m-La2) are investigated for possible Ln···Ln cooperative effects in hydroamination processes. These binuclear organolanthanide complexes efficiently catalyze the intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes, aminoalkynes, aminoallenes, and conjugated aminodienes with turnover frequencies as high as 10 h−1 at 60 °C, as well as intermolecular hydroaminations with turnover frequencies as high as 0.4 h−1 at 90 °C. Substrates include those having both compressed and extended junctures between the C−C unsaturation and the −NH2 group, as well as those with multiple −NH2 groups or places of C−C unsaturation. Reactivity trends appear to be dominated by nonbonded repulsive interactions, resulting in catalytic activities following the general trend m-Ln2 < p-Ln2. Organolanthanide amide complexes are also shown to ...
A substitute-kernel approximation for radiative transfer in a nongrey gas near equilibrium, with application to radiative acoustics

Abstract The equations for radiative transfer in plane-parallel geometries are studied for a nongrey gas near equilibrium. Local thermodynamic equilibrium is assumed in the molecular processes. On the supposition that deviations from a reference state of radiative equilibrium are small, the equation of radiative transfer is linearized. This allows the required integrations over space and spectral frequency to be carried out independently. In analogy to the grey-gas procedures, a nongrey substitute-kernel (or exponential) approximation is then made for certain frequency-integrated transmission functions that occur in the expressions for the heat fluxes. This leads to a purely differential equation for the net radiative flux. The spectral properties appear in the formulation in two functions, which are introduced by the approximation and which depend on the reference state of the gas. These functions are found by analytical matching procedures, which define linearized Planck- and Rosseland-like mean absorption coefficients that are physically meaningful for a general nongrey gas. For use in radiative acoustics, the differential equation for the heat flux is coupled with the linearized equations of gas dynamics. The resulting nongrey equations have the same mathematical structure as the grey equations, which are now contained as a special case. The results of existing grey-gas solutions can therefore be reinterpreted in terms of a nongrey gas by an appropriate normalization.
A molecular model for vesicle formation

Abstract A molecular model is proposed to explain vesicle formation. The model is based on a balance between elastic and ‘hydrophobic’ forces for various micelle and bilayer geometries in dilute aqueous solutions. It predicts bilayered disc-like transition structures and is in agreement with experimental data.
The effects of nickel on immune function in the rat.

Abstract The immunotoxic potential of NiCl2 was evaluated in Fischer 344 rats following a single intramuscular injection at doses ranging from 10 to 20 mg/kg. Twenty-four hours following treatment, selected cellular and humoral immune function parameters were examined. Significant (P
OBSERVATIONS IN A GROUP OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENTS: A CASE STUDY

Even in the absence of any formal group therapy or group training, many emotional and behavioral phenomena in a class of trainees can be conceptualized in group dynamic terms. Bion's model of work group versus basic assumption group is used as the theoretical frame of reference for the case studied. Behavior that does not seem conducive to the task of the trainees' group can be related to underlying emotional states of the group. Group dynamic concepts not only help in understanding group members' activities, but can also serve to develop a functional description of the chief resident's role as group leader.
Estimating Daily Dew Point Temperature for the Northern Great Plains Using Maximum and Minimum Temperature

Dew point temperature (T d ) is a precise measure of atmospheric moisture. A significant number of models for studying crop-climate interactions and earth processes require daily T d as an input. However, limited availability of T d data is a major barrier for applications of these models. In this paper, we present a daily T d estimation method for the northern Great Plains (NGP). The daily T d estimation method presented here requires daily maximum, minimum, and mean temper, ature data. Data from six sites in the NGP were used for the study. These sites record hourly T d data from relative humidity. Length of the time series is 14 yr (1986-1999). Four different regression-based approaches were adopted and applied to all sites. Eventually, the best method was adopted based on its performance. The model evaluation statistics show that the selected model performs satisfactorily for these six sites. For example, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and d index (ranges between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates no model error) values for North Platte, NE, application are 3.23, 2.55, and 0.97, respectively. The selected method was farther applied to five additional locations in the NGP, and again it performed satisfactorily. For example, RMSE, MAE, and dindex values for McCook, NE, application are 2.6, 2.0, and 0.98, respectively. From the model evaluation, we conclude that the model performed satisfactorily and will be quite useful in estimating T d .
ULTRAVIOLET ACTION SPECTRUM (238–405 nm) FOR INHIBITION OF GLYCINE UPTAKE IN E. COLI*

— Initial rate of uptake of 3H-glycine by Escherichia coli B/r was measured immediately after irradiation with monochromatic light. Uptake was proportional to time for at least 2 min in both control and irradiated samples. Inhibition of uptake is an exponential function of fluence to about 20% remaining activity, beyond which it is much more resistant to irradiation, suggesting two different uptake systems. The principal (sensitive) system shows an F37 of 2.2 kJ/m2 at 280 nm and 110 kJ/m2 at 334 nm. The response is independent of cell killing and of presence of the rel gene. The chromophore remains unidentified, although an action spectrum suggests a protein chromophore in the far-UV (below 300 nm) region and a menaquinone chromophore in the near-ultraviolet (above 300 nm). A 10–20%, stimulation of uptake rate, which we cannot account for, is observed at low fluences (generally below 100 kJ/m2) at 313, 366 and 405 nm, but not at 334 nm.
Discussion of “inventory policy, accruals quality and information risk”

Krishnan et al. (Review of Accouting Studies, 2008) investigate how the choice of LIFO versus FIFO affects firms’ accruals quality and cost of capital. The authors show that LIFO firms have better accruals quality and lower cost of capital than FIFO firms and that the cost of capital effect associated with the inventory valuation method is not subsumed by differences either in fundamental risk or accruals quality between LIFO and FIFO firms. This discussion is focused on key design choices and underlying assumptions.
A Converse Theorem for Jacobi Forms

Abstract Letf(qτ, qz)=∑n, r c(n, r) qnτqrzbe a power series whose coefficients satisfy a particular periodicity condition depending on the integerrmodulo 2m. We first associate tof(qτ, qz) a 2m-vector-valued functionΛ(f, s) via a generalized Mellin transform. Then we show that the functionΛ(f, s) is entire, bounded on vertical strips and satisfies certain matrix functional equation if, and only if,f(qτ, qz) is the Fourier expansion of a Jacobi cusp form of indexminvariant under the group SL(2, Z )⋉ Z 2. This is the direct analogue of Hecke's converse theorem for elliptic cusp forms in the context of Jacobi cusp forms on SL(2, Z )⋉ Z 2.
Metal triggered fluorescence sensing of citrate using a synthetic receptor

A metal containing fluorescent chemosensor was designed, synthesized, and studied for the quantification of citrate in common beverages. The sensor consists of Cu(II) bound by a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand which is attached to a bis(aminoimidazolium) receptor (5). Receptor 5 was designed such that binding of the metal creates an additional binding site for citrate. This additional binding interaction was found to increase the metal and citrate binding constants in a cooperative manner, yielding a minimum 2.0 fold increase in the citrate binding constant and a minimum 2.0 fold increase in the Cu(II) binding constant. Further, 5 was designed so that binding of Cu(II) quenches a photo-excited state of the 1,10-phenanthroline fluorophore. Thus, addition of citrate to 5–Cu(II) resulted in an increase of the fluorescence of the system. The nature of the fluorescence modulation upon citrate binding was probed using a model compound (6–Cu(II)). The data support an increase of electron density on the metal due to the donating ability of a carboxylate anion of citrate. In a sensing assay, the receptor is effective for measuring citrate concentrations in the micromolar range in highly competitive media. We believe this is the first demonstration of anion sensing in which the fluorescence emission is modulated due to a perturbation in the metal quenching effect upon analyte binding.
Effects of fluorescent probe structure on the dynamics at cysteine-34 within bovine serum albumin: evidence for probe-dependent modulation of the cybotactic region.

We have prepared a series of bovine serum albumins (BSA) that have been site-selectively labeled at cysteine-34 with one of four different sulfhydryl-selective boron dipyrromethene difluoride (BODIPY) fluorescent probes (BODIPY FL IA, BODIPY FL C1 IA, BODIPY 530/550 IA, and BODIPY 493/503 MB). We determine how the choice of extrinsic probe structure dictates the recovered BSA-BODIPY dynamics under thermal (10–80°C) and chemical (0–5M guanidine hydrochloride) denaturation conditions. The results of these experiments show that the global protein dynamics are sensed equally by each fluorescent probe; however, the probe itself influences the local probe dynamics within the cybotactic region that surrounds cysteine-34. Thus, it seems inappropriate to think of these extrinsic fluorescent probes as passive, nonparticipatory viewers of local protein dynamics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers 59: 502–511, 2001
Graduate theses—an index of graduate work in speech and drama—XV∗

(1946). Graduate theses—an index of graduate work in speech and drama‐XIII. Speech Monographs: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 122-129.
Immunological Reactions Carried Out at a Liquid-Solid Interface with the Help of a Weak Electric Current

We showed more than twenty years ago that monolayers of proteins spread on the water surface of a Langmuir trough and transferred to metalized glass slides were capable of adsorbing specifically corresponding antibodies (1,2). These layers were completely surface denatured, about 8 A thick per monolayer and in spite of their loss of secondary and tertiary structures they had kept their immunological properties to interact specifically with antisera. The test consisted in smearing on a metalized glass slide coated with the transferred protein layers a drop of dilute antiserum. After 10′ or so, the slide was washed and dried and the thickness of the layer adsorbed from the antiserum was measured optically with an ellipsometer, an apparatus developed in our laboratory, permitting the determination of a thickness within a fraction of one Angstrom (3,4). The thickness adsorbed was about 60 A as compared to approximately 10 A when the serum was a normal or a heterologous one. Spread films of serum bovine albumin exhibited a unique property not shared by any other protein films investigated, namely the thickness of the layer adsorbed from a homologous antiserum was proportional to the number of monolayers of albumin transferred to the slide.
Estimating correlation under interval and fuzzy uncertainty: Case of hierarchical estimation

In many situations, we are interested in finding the correlation ρ between different quantities x and y based on the values x i and y i of these quantities measured in different situations i. The correlation is easy to compute when we know the exact sample values x i and y i . In practice, the sample values come from measurements or from expert estimates; in both cases, the values are not exact. Sometimes, we know the probabilities of different values of measurement errors, but in many cases, we only know the upper bounds Δ xi and Δ yi on the corresponding measurement errors. In such situations, after we get the measurement results x i and y i , the only information that we have about the actual (unknown) values x i and y i is that they belong to the corresponding intervals [x i − Δ xi , x i + Δ xi ] and [y i − Δ yi , y i + Δ yi ]. For expert estimates, we get different intervals corresponding to different degrees of certainty — i.e., fuzzy sets. Different values of x i and y i lead, in general, to different values of the correlation ρ. It is therefore desirable to find the range [ρ, ρ] of possible values of the correlation when x i and y i take values from the corresponding intervals. In general, the problem of computing this range is NP-hard. In this paper, we provide a feasible (= polynomial-time) algorithm for computing at least one of the endpoints of this interval: for computing ρ when ρ > 0 and for computing ρ when ρ < 0.
A short duration afterglow of nitrogen; survey of afterglows

Abstract When an electron beam of more than 10·5 eV energy traverses low pressure nitrogen the beam is surrounded by a diffuse glow emitting the first positive bands ( 1 ). This light is interpreted as an afterglow. It is attributed to metastable molecules, a 1 Π , which diffuse out of the space occupied by the beam, are thrown by collisions with normal molecules into the unstable state B 3 Π and then emit the first positive bands. The time required for diffusion is of the order 5 × 10 −5 sec. This afterglow is compared with four other types of nitrogen afterglow.
Three Dimensions in Fine Structure

With some knowledge of perspective and by use of a perspective chart it is possible to construct an accurate three-dimensional illustration depicting the interrelation of tissue components from electron micrographs of serial sections of biological materials. Tracings of pertinent structures from electron micrographs are overlaid with a grid plane and subsequently redrawn on a perspective grid plane. The new tracings are then connected to one another in the most logical manner to form an illustration in perspective.
Ultrasensitive NH3 Gas Sensor from Polyaniline Nanograin Enchased TiO2 Fibers

In this communication, we reported for the first time an ultrasensitive nanostructrued sensor that can detect 50 ppt of NH3 gas in air. Specifically, nanograins of a p-type conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI), are enchased on an electrospun n-type semiconductive TiO2 fiber surface. The resistance of the p−n heterojunctions combining with the bulk resistance of PANI nanograins can function as electric current switches when NH3 gas is absorbed by PANI nanoparticles. As a result, the sensor sensitivity can be significantly improved. The sensor fabricated in this work is 1000 times more sensitive than the best PANI sensor reported in the literature.
3D-guided CT reconstruction using time-of-flight camera

We propose the use of a time-of-flight (TOF) camera to obtain the patient's body contour in 3D guided imaging reconstruction scheme in CT and C-arm imaging systems with truncated projection. In addition to pixel intensity, a TOF camera provides the 3D coordinates of each point in the captured scene with respect to the camera coordinates. Information from the TOF camera was used to obtain a digitized surface of the patient's body. The digitization points are transformed to X-Ray detector coordinates by registering the two coordinate systems. A set of points corresponding to the slice of interest are segmented to form a 2D contour of the body surface. Radon transform is applied to the contour to generate the 'trust region' for the projection data. The generated 'trust region' is integrated as an input to augment the projection data. It is used to estimate the truncated, unmeasured projections using linear interpolation. Finally the image is reconstructed using the combination of the estimated and the measured projection data. The proposed method is evaluated using a physical phantom. Projection data for the phantom were obtained using a C-arm system. Significant improvement in the reconstructed image quality near the truncation edges was observed using the proposed method as compared to that without truncation correction. This work shows that the proposed 3D guided CT image reconstruction using a TOF camera represents a feasible solution to the projection data truncation problem.
Le renouveau de l'inspection du travail dans le monde latin

Resume. Les auteurs examinent le role de l'inspection du travail dans un contexte de renouveau reglementaire. Ils distinguent le modele latin – qui laisse aux inspecteurs la latitude d'ajuster leurs decisions a la situation de l'entreprise – de l'approche bien moins souple quiprevaut aux Etats-Unis. Le premier concilie reglementation et flexibilite, mais comporte un risque d'arbitraire ou d'incoherences. Les inspecteurs pour-raient etre les troupes d'elite dans la bataille pour le travail decent si l'on previent ces risques par la gestion de la culture d'entreprise, l'explicitation systematique des connaissances tacites quifondent leurs decisions et un approfondissement des recher-ches sur les relations entre normes du travail et pratiques des entreprises.
Pro-oxidant effects of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ -ALA) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

Abstract δ-Aminolevulinic Acid (δ-ALA) is a heme precursor accumulated m lead poisoning and acute intermittent porphyria. Although no single mechanism for lead toxicity has yet been defined, recent studies suggest at least some of the lead-induced damage may originate from δ-ALA-induced oxidative stress. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that δ-ALA accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells contributes to the cumulative oxidative challenge of lead poisoning as indicated by the oxidative stress parameters glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malondialdehyde equivalents (MDA), and catalase (CAT). It will also examine the possibility that this oxidative challenge can be reversed by treatment with an antioxidant such as N -acetylcysteine (NAC). First in vitro administration of δ -ALA to CHO cells was found to have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on colony formation and cell survival. NAC administration was shown to alleviate this inhibition in CHO survival. The oxidative status of CHO cell cultures exposed to increasing concentrations of (5-ALA was then examined. Decreases in GSH levels (P > 0.05) were observed in the δ-ALA-treated cultures as compared to the controls, while GSSG and MDA levels were significantly increased in δ-ALA-treated cells (P
Combined modality therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer kills more Americans annually than the next four most frequently diagnosed malignancies combined. Single-modality therapy is the standard for most cases of limited and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, but treatment of locally advanced disease remains controversial. Historically, radiotherapy alone was used; more recent approaches include single-agent or combination chemotherapy. The combined chemoradiotherapy approach, versus single-modality chemotherapy or irradiation, has improved on survival. Investigators have also recently shown an advantage to adding chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy to definitive surgery. Better staging systems and definitions of biologic prognostic factors may help determine the optimal therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.
The simultaneous growth of interacting systems

1. The role of mathematical models in growth studies is discussed and a distinction made between the structural and descriptive aspects of a mathematical formulation. 2. A simple scheme is set up to represent in broad outline the simultaneous growth and interaction of larval and adult systems inMyrmica rubra and is matched against observed results.
A molecular electrostatic-potential study of acesulfame

Abstract Molecular electrostatic-potential maps are reported for the anionic and neutral forms of acesulfame (6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3 H )-one-2,2-dioxide), a sweetener structurally similar to saccharin. The maps generated by methods based on a minimum basis set (STO-3G) and on a polarization basis set (3-21G*) are almost identical with respect to their contour levels. From the contour maps, broad and deep electrostatic-potential minima were found near the SO 2 and NC=O functionalities in the anion. The electrostatic potential minima directly correspond to the reactive sites proposed by Jakinovich for the interaction fo saccharin with its receptor.
The kinetic and internal energies of OH(A2Σ+) produced by electron stimulated desorption from TiO2, NaCl and SrF2 surfaces

Abstract The kinetic and internal energies of OH(A 2 Σ + ) radicals produced by electron-stimulated desorption from H 2 O-exposed TiO 2 , NaCl and SrF 2 surfaces are reported. The kinetic energies were determined by measuring the spatial extent of the fluorescence above each substrate surface, while the vibrational and rotational energies were determined by analyzing the intensity distribution of the rovibrational spectra. We find that OH* from NaCl and SrF 2 has low kinetic energy, 80 and 150 meV, respectively, and low rotational excitation, T rot ≈ 340–450 K. OH* from TiO 2 is more energetic, E kin = 250 meV and T rot ≈ 1000 K. The OH* vibrational excitation is high. T vib ≈ 2000 K, and independent of the nature of the substrate.
Parameter Selection in Mutual Information-Based Feature Selection in Automated Diagnosis of Multiple Epilepsies Using Scalp EEG

Developing EEG-based computer aided diagnostic (CAD) tools would allow identification of epilepsy in individuals who have experienced possible seizures, yet such an algorithm requires efficient identification of meaningful features out of potentially more than 35,000 features of EEG activity. Mutual information can be used to identify a subset of minimally-redundant and maximally relevant (mRMR) features but requires a priori selection of two parameters: the number of features of interest and the number of quantization levels into which the continuous features are binned. Here we characterize the variance of cross-validation accuracy with respect to changes in these parameters for four classes of machine learning (ML) algorithms. This assesses the efficiency of combining mRMR with each of these algorithms by assessing when the variance of cross-validation accuracy is minimized and demonstrates how naA¯ve parameter selection may artificially depress accuracy. Our results can be used to improve the understanding of how feature selection interacts with four classes of ML algorithms and provide guidance for better a priori parameter selection in situations where an overwhelming number of redundant, noisy features are available for classification.
Is infarct location a prediction of valvular enhancement

Meeting abs tracts - A single PDF containing all abstracts in this Supplement is available <a href="http://
Crystal Structure of the Src Family Kinase Hck SH3-SH2 Linker Regulatory Region Supports an SH3-dominant Activation Mechanism.

Most mammalian cell types depend on multiple Src family kinases (SFKs) to regulate diverse signaling pathways. Strict control of SFK activity is essential for normal cellular function, and loss of kinase regulation contributes to several forms of cancer and other diseases. Previous x-ray crystal structures of the SFKs c-Src and Hck revealed that intramolecular association of their Src homology (SH) 3 domains and SH2 kinase linker regions has a key role in down-regulation of kinase activity. However, the amino acid sequence of the Hck linker represents a suboptimal ligand for the isolated SH3 domain, suggesting that it may form the polyproline type II helical conformation required for SH3 docking only in the context of the intact structure. To test this hypothesis directly, we determined the crystal structure of a truncated Hck protein consisting of the SH2 and SH3 domains plus the linker. Despite the absence of the kinase domain, the structures and relative orientations of the SH2 and SH3 domains in this shorter protein were very similar to those observed in near full-length, down-regulated Hck. However, the SH2 kinase linker adopted a modified topology and failed to engage the SH3 domain. This new structure supports the idea that these noncatalytic regions work together as a "conformational switch" that modulates kinase activity in a manner unique to the SH3 domain and linker topologies present in the intact Hck protein. Our results also provide fresh structural insight into the facile induction of Hck activity by HIV-1 Nef and other Hck SH3 domain binding proteins and implicate the existence of innate conformational states unique to individual Src family members that "fine-tune" their sensitivities to activation by SH3-based ligands.
Therapist mindfulness, alliance and treatment outcome

The present study investigated the association between therapist dispositional mindfulness and therapist self-affiliation, the therapeutic alliance, and treatment outcome. Total therapist mindfulness was associated with therapist self-affiliation, r=.413, p<.05. Therapist mindfulness was positively correlated with therapist ratings of the working alliance, r=.456, p<.05, though only the Act with Awareness subscale showed a relationship with patient rated alliance, r=.379. Therapist mindfulness was not associated with patient rated decreases in global symptomatology, but was associated with patient rated improvements in interpersonal functioning, r=.481, p<.05. All correlations correspond to a medium effect size. The results indicate that therapist dispositional mindfulness may be an important pre-treatment variable in psychotherapy outcome.
Computer discrimination of splenocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes from mice infected with friend murine leukemia virus

Abstract Mice infected with Friend virus were evaluated at various times after infection to correlate the biologic descriptors of a leukemic process with cell image features obtained by computerized scanning microphotometry of cells removed from the mice. Results show that cells removed from mice 32 days after infection, when biologic descriptors were positive, have features which differentiate them from normal cells. These features were used to detect viral altered cells at various times after infection. Computerized microphotometric analysis detects viral altered cells first in the spleen, then in the peripheral blood. A significant level of viral altered cells can be detected by day 4 in the spleen and by day 8 in the peripheral blood. Clinical signs of the disease are not apparent at this time. This study demonstrates the value of computerized microphotometric analysis for the early detection of leukemic processes before other signs of the disease are evident.
Characterization of type I, II, III, IV, and V collagens by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy

The relative proportions of genetically distinct collagen types in connective tissues vary with tissue type and change during disease progression, development, wound healing, aging. This study aims to 1) characterize the spectro- temporal fluorescence emission of fiber different types of collagen and 2) assess the ability of time-resolved laser- induced fluorescence spectroscopy to distinguish between collagen types. Fluorescence emission of commercially available purified samples was induced with nitrogen laser excitation pulses and detected with a MCP-PMT connected to a digital storage oscilloscope. The recorded time-resolved emission spectra displayed distinct fluorescence emission characteristics for each collagen type. The time domain information complemented the spectral domain intensity data for improved discrimination between different collagen types. Our results reveal that analysis of the fluorescence emission can be used to characterize different species of collagen. Also, the results suggest that time-resolved spectroscopy can be used for monitoring of connective tissue matrix composition changes due to various pathological and non-pathological conditions.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Liver resection using bipolar InLine multichannel radiofrequency device: impact on intra- and peri-operative outcomes.

Abstract Aims Liver resection is indicated for several primary and secondary liver lesions. We follow up our earlier experience with the use of InLine Multichannel Radiofrequency Device (ILMRD, Resect Medical Inc., Fremont, CA) a device that produces coagulative necrosis along the transection plane. Methods The records of 68 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for primary and metastatic liver tumors from August 2000 to December 2008 were reviewed. Data analyzed include demographic data as well as complexity of liver resection, intra-operative blood loss, use of portal triad clamping and transfusion of blood. Postoperative outcomes measured were morbidity, hospital and ICU length of stay. Results The median estimated blood loss was 150 mL in the ILMRD group compared to 400 mL in the non-ILMRD group (p Conclusion Use of ILMRD to perform radiofrequency-assisted hepatic resection was associated with a significant decrease in intra-operative blood loss and earlier discharge from the hospital despite increasing complexity of resections and decreased use of portal triad clamping.
Broadly tunable pulsed laser for the infrared using color centers

Abstract We report design criteria and performance characteristics of a pulsed color center laser, excited by a nitrogen-pumped dye laser. One hundred watts peak power with 2% energy conversion efficiency and a 0.03 cm -1 bandwidth are obtained near 2.7 μm.
Free amino acids in the hemolymph of five species of fresh water snails

Abstract 1. 1. Analyses were done to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the free amino acids in the hemolymph of five species of fresh water snails. 2. 2. Total free amino acids varied from 9·08 to 22·92 μM/100ml of hemolymph. 3. 3. As many as eighteen amino acids were detected in a single sample. 4. 4. Certain of the amino acids were consistently high in all samples; variations in some amino acid ratios occurred between some species.
Ribonuclease Activity Associated With Ribosomes of Zea mays

At pH 6.5, a ribonuclease(s) is associated with ribosomes isolated from corn (Zea mays L.) and cannot be removed by repeated differential centrifugation or by sedimenting through the sucrose gradient. The enzyme is active under conditions favoring the maintenance of integrity of the ribosomes. Little or no latent ribonuclease appears to be present. The activity of the enzyme at pH 5.8 is stimulated by KCl and inhibited by polyvinyl sulfate, zinc, and bentonite. Deoxyribonuclease is also found on the particles.The enzyme can be removed from ribosomes by adsorption onto bentonite. Ribosomes are also adsorbed but to a much lesser extent at low bentonite concentrations. The enzyme is easily dissociated from ribosomes by raising the pH to 8.5, and readsorbed when the pH is lowered.The ribonuclease activity on ribosomes shows a sharp increase with cell age that parallels closely the increase in total activity in the homogenate. The ratio of activities of deoxyribonuclease to ribonuclease on ribosomes also changes with cell age and again the changes appear to reflect changes in the homogenate. It is suggested that most of the association of ribonuclease with corn ribosomes may not be meaningful in vivo and occurs only after the cells are ruptured.