cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Quality and Query Cost in Wireless Sensor Networks

This research is motivated by emerging, real-world wireless sensor network applications for monitoring and control. We examine the benefits and costs of caching data for such applications. We propose and evaluate several approaches to querying for, and then caching data in a sensor field data server. We show that for some application requirements (i.e., when delay drives data quality), policies that emulate cache hits by computing and returning approximate values for sensor data yield a simultaneous quality improvement and cost savings. This win-win is because when system delay is sufficiently important, the benefit to both query cost and data quality achieved by using approximate values outweighs the negative impact on quality due to the approximation. In contrast, when data accuracy drives quality, a linear trade-off between query cost and data quality emerges. We also identify caching and lookup policies for which the sensor field query rate is bounded when servicing an arbitrary workload of user queries. This upper bound is achieved by having multiple user queries share the cost of a sensor field query. Finally, we demonstrate that our results are robust to the manner in which the environment being monitored changes using two different sensor field models
Access to subsidized ACT and malaria treatment—evidence from the first year of the AMFm program in six districts in Uganda

(� ¼0.103, 95% CI [0.070, 0.136], P<0.001), and the fraction of ACT treatments among patients getting any antimalarial increased from 51% to 65% (� ¼0.145, 95% CI [0.121, 0.169], P<0.001). The observed changes were particularly large among poorer households, and were smallest for households from the highest wealth quintile. Conclusions The study results suggest that, during its first year of implementation in Uganda, the AMFm achieved its main objective of increasing the availability and use of ACTs. Estimates of the impact of the AMFm on ACT use for children under 5 imply that the program should be considered highly cost-effective under current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The overall results look promising, but larger and longer term studies will be needed to assess the health impact and cost-effectiveness of the program.
IMPACTS OF DENSITY‐INDEPENDENT MORTALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY ON THE STRENGTH AND OUTCOME OF COMPETITION

Nonselective, density-independent mortality (DIM) is commonly thought to reduce the importance of competition, promoting coexistence of ecologically similar spe- cies. Yet, recent theory suggests that competition intensity and niche differences remain important under high DIM, even when competitive dominance is modified. Productivity is also thought to interact with DIM, potentially enhancing species coexistence. I explored these issues using a laboratory system composed of a diverse assemblage of bacteria as prey, and four species of competing protozoan bacterivores. Productivity manipulations were crossed with varying levels of DIM imposed on the bacterivores (in both polyculture and monoculture). DIM altered patterns of competitive dominance. At low DIM, Para- mecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum dominated, while Colpoda inflata (a species absent at low DIM) was able to invade and dominate at high DIM. Productivity did not promote shifts in dominance and hindered Colpoda performance. Examination of compe- tition effect sizes provided clear evidence of competitive reversals and the importance of competition under low and high DIM. Variable competitive outcomes appeared to be me- diated by changes in the strength of apparent competition effects on bacterial diversity, in accordance with theory. Bacterial diversity was low at low levels of DIM, due to strong consumer effects. High DIM weakened consumer effects and increased bacterial diversity, likely facilitating invasion and coexistence.
Drawing the curtain on the isoelectric window

While cardiac vulnerability to electric shocks and failure of defibrillation has been attributed to the formation of new reentries via critical points1 or virtual electrode-induced phase singularities,2 an exhaustive study of all mechanisms responsible for shock failure is far from complete, impeding progress in the quest to significantly lower the defibrillation threshold (DFT) and to ultimately achieve low-voltage defibrillation. One of the most sought-after insights is the mechanism by which the first postshock activation originates in failed defibrillation episodes.
Interactive Parts Model: An Application to Recognition of On-line Cursive Script

In this work, we introduce an Interactive Parts (IP) model as an alternative to Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). We tested both models on a database of on-line cursive script. We show that implementations of HMMs and the IP model, in which all letters are assumed to have the same average width, give comparable results. However, in contrast to HMMs, the IP model can handle duration modeling without an increase in computational complexity.
The State as Legal Custodian

The human species is a plastic medium upon which all sorts of forces play. There are differences between peoples, as indeed there are between individuals, and even if these concern actualities rather than potentialities, they must be reckoned with. For instance, one people may be more concerned with religion while another is enthusiastic about science and technology. There may be large differences in the types of property developed, also in its ownership and control. Again, the same people may be peaceful in one century, warlike in the next. And all of these differences must be followed and served by legal frameworks which are rigid enough to maintain an established order and flexible enough to permit changes in it.
Fusion of effective retrieval strategies in the same information retrieval system

Prior efforts have shown that under certain situations retrieval effectiveness may be improved via the use of data fusion techniques. Although these improvements have been observed from the fusion of result sets from several distinct information retrieval systems, it has often been thought that fusing different document retrieval strategies in a single information retrieval system will lead to similar improvements. In this study, we show that this is not the case. We hold constant systemic differences such as parsing, stemming, phrase processing, and relevance feedback, and fuse result sets generated from highly effective retrieval strategies in the same information retrieval system. From this, we show that data fusion of highly effective retrieval strategies alone shows little or no improvement in retrieval effectiveness. Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of the performance of modern data fusion approaches, and demonstrate the reasons why they do not perform well when applied to this problem. Detailed results and analyses are included to support our conclusions.
Stability of Time-Delay Feedback Switched Linear Systems

We address stability of state feedback switched linear systems in which delays are present in both the feedback state and the switching signal of the switched controller. For switched systems with average dwell-time switching signals, we provide a condition, in terms of upper bounds on the delays and in terms of a lower bound on the average dwell-time, to guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed loop. The condition also implies that, in general, feedback switched linear systems are robust with respect to both small state delays and small switching delays. Our approach combines existing multiple Lyapunov function techniques with the merging switching signal technique, which gives relationships between the average dwell times of two mismatched switching signals and their mismatched times. A methodology for numerical solution based on linear matrix inequality is also included.
Characterization of Electrodeposited Gold and Palladium Nanowire Gratings with Optical Diffraction Measurements

Parallel arrays of either Au or Pd nanowires were fabricated on glass substrates via the electrochemical process of lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) and then characteriz...
PLX: a fully subword-parallel instruction set architecture for fast scalable multimedia processing

PLX is a small, fully subword-parallel instruction set architecture (ISA) designed for very fast multimedia processing, especially in constrained environments requiring low cost and power, such as handheld multimedia information appliances. In PLX, we select the most useful multimedia instructions added previously to microprocessors. We also introduce a few novel features: a new definition of predication requiring very few bits in each predicated instruction, and datapath scalability from 32-bit to 128-bit words, which allows different degrees of subword parallelism without any changes to the ISA. Performance results from basic multimedia kernels testify to PLX's superiority for multimedia processing.
The Feminization and Emasculation of Galicia in Valle-Inclán's Jardín umbrío

(1992). The Feminization and Emasculation of Galicia in Valle-Inclan's Jardin umbrio. Romance Quarterly: Vol. 39, Studies in Spanish Literature, 1750–1915, pp. 87-92.
Student Course Evaluations in Traditional and Blended Courses: A Case Study.

It is generally held that blended learning is gaining acceptance and being adopted at college campuses throughout the U.S. Accompanying this trend has been an expansion of the research efforts in this area. These efforts have been guided mainly by the five pillars of the Sloan Consortium Quality Framework (Sloan-C) and two large questions. One question is, “Is blended learning better than other learning environments?" In this study, this question was examined from the perspective of the Sloan-C's student satisfaction pillar. The research question was stated as follows: “Is the level of student course satisfaction generated by blended learning higher than that which is generated by traditional face-to-face classroom learning?” The results of this study revealed "no differences" between blended and traditional learning on the student course satisfaction variable. In this regard, it is important to note that this finding of "no differences" is consistent with the existing research findings on student learning effectiveness as well. Given this combined evidential pattern the following question is relevant and has implications for future research efforts in this area: "Within the context of cost/benefit analysis, why should an institution invest the additional resources needed to effectively implement a blended format when, in accordance with the existing research evidence, there is little or no net benefit in terms of its impact on students; i.e., either in terms of student satisfaction or student learning?".
Central Nervous System Depressants

The classical CNS depressants include hypnotics, most antianxiety medications, and alcohol.1–7 This chapter focuses on the benzodiazepines and similar drugs as well as the barbiturates and barbituratelike medications, whereas alcohol is discussed in chapters 3 and 4. Several related compounds including kava and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) are also briefly presented here, as their effects resemble those of the more classical drugs of this class.7–9
Regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing by Aβ in human glioma cells

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved to neurotoxic/proinflammatory amyloid beta protein (Abeta) or to the neuroprotective secreted alpha-APPs. A balance in APP metabolism may influence the outcome between toxicity and protection to central nervous system (CNS) neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Treatment of U-373 MG astrocytoma cells with aggregated Abeta (1-40) decreases APP secretion into the medium to 10-30% of control values. This decreased secretion appears to be specific for APP since Abeta treatment causes an approximately 2-fold increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. Abeta treatment also causes a 4- to 9-fold increase in total cell-associated APP. This increase is due to cellular retention of alpha secretase-cleaved APP and a 2-fold increase in mature full-length APP. These data suggest that deposition of aggregated Abeta may contribute to Alzheimer's-associated neurotoxicity by altering the metabolism of the APP protein. Abeta may exert harmful effects by decreasing the secretion of neuroprotective or neurotrophic APP and, in addition, by increasing intracellular full-length APP; thereby providing increased substrate for generation of amyloidogenic peptide within astrocytes.
Institutionalized Disruption: The Rise of the Reformer Startup

The following essay emerges from a joint symposium of the Hastings Business Law Journal and the Hastings Science and Technology Law Journal entitled “Regulating the Disruption Economy: Tech Startups as Regulatory Reformers.” The symposium was held on March 20, 2015, and featured panels on virtual currency, crowdfunding, and the sharing economy.Drawing from the symposium, this essay considers why startups are increasingly taking up the mantle of regulatory reform, how they are achieving their successes, and whether the reformer startup is a positive development for our political economy. It tentatively proposes that: (1) features of the current venture-capital market and startup ecosystem, rather than the pace of technological advancement, might explain the timing, (2) a “bootleggers and Baptists” dynamic of well-resourced interest groups and popular messaging explains the successes, and (3) we should be cautiously optimistic about this “institutionalized disruption” of incumbents.
Tropes: Properties, Objects, and Mental Causation, by Douglas Ehring

The term ‘trope’ was introduced by D.C. Williams as a label for kinds of abstract particular Williams regarded as ‘the very alphabet of being’ [Williams 1953: 7; 1966: 78]. Williams borrowed the wo...
Reduction of MLO1 expression in petunia increases resistance to powdery mildew

Abstract Cultivars of Petunia hybrida have been found to be susceptible to Podosphaera xanthii and other powdery mildew species. We examined whether powdery mildew resistance could be obtained through the knockdown of the petunia gene MLO1 by RNAi. Transformation of petunia with an MLO RNAi construct resulted in transgenic plants in which PhMLO1 expression was significantly reduced, but not completely silenced. The growth of Podosphaera xanthii on plants with reduced PhMLO1 expression was delayed and limited in extent compared to control plants. Powdery mildew resistance was found to be heritable in T1 progeny. The reduction in PhMLO1 expression was also associated with lower seed production, reduced germination frequency, and reduced plant height in T1 progeny. The knockdown of PhMLO1 increased resistance to powdery mildew in petunia, but pleiotropic effects on plant growth and development were also observed.
Embryogenesis of the Codling Moth, Laspeyresia pomonella: Use in Validating Phenology Models

Codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), eggs required 155 degree-days to eclose, with a base temperature of 10°C. Embryogenesis is described in 18 stages as viewed from the upper surface of the egg. Oviposition and eclosion times can be estimated by aging field-collected eggs if daily maximum and minimum temperatures are available. An age determination key is developed for 12 of the more easily identified stages, as well as the 3 broad stages (white, red ring, black head) frequently referred to in the literature.
Does the emergency department need a dedicated stat laboratory ? Continuous quality improvement as a management tool for the clinical laboratory

Using the principles of continuous quality improvement (CQI), the authors conducted a study in response to a request from the Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County, and University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, for a dedicated stat laboratory in the emergency department. The stat orders to test serum electrolyte, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, amylase, and lipase levels, prothrombin time, and complete blood count (CBC) were evaluated. The study was done in two phases. First, a baseline on stat laboratory test turnaround time was established, and problems were identified. Then, the authors reexamined the turnaround after problems were addressed and a new laboratory information system was installed. In the first phase, median within-laboratory turnaround for chemistry tests was 61 minutes from the time the specimens arrived in the laboratory and 70 minutes for CBCs from the time of accessioning. Delay in physician review of the results (45 minutes) was the longest component of overall turnaround. The second phase of the study found that the median within-laboratory turnaround had improved to 36 minutes for chemical and 55 minute for hematologic tests. However, other preanalytic factors outside the control of the laboratory, such as collecting blood and sending the specimens to the laboratory, and postanalytic delays in physician acknowledgment of the results remained the major components of the perceived turnaround delays. In conclusion, stat laboratory service for the emergency department improved with CQI. The study suggested that resources required to establish a dedicated stat laboratory in the emergency department would be more beneficial if directed toward reducing the preanalytic delays. Further, CQI has great potential as a management tool for the clinical laboratory.
Full Disclosure: The Practical Side of Nanoscale Total Synthesis

Colloidal hybrid nanoparticles merge multiple distinct materials into single particles, producing nanostructures that often exhibit synergistic properties and multifunctionality. As the complexity of such nanostructures continues to expand and the design criteria become increasingly stringent, the synthetic pathways required to access such materials are growing in sophistication. Multistep pathways are typically needed to generate complex hybrid nanoparticles, and these synthetic protocols have important conceptual analogies to the total synthesis framework used by chemists to construct complex organic molecules. This issue of ACS Nano includes a new nanoscale total synthesis: a five-step route to CoxOy–Pt–(CdSe@CdS)–Pt–CoxOy nanorods, a material which consists of CdSe@CdS nanorods that have Pt and cobalt oxide (CoxOy) at the tips. In addition to the conceptual analogies between molecular and nanoparticle total syntheses, there are practical analogies, as well, which are important for ensuring the reprodu...
Thermography and k-means clustering methods for anti-reflective coating film inspection: scratch and bubble defects

Anti-reflective coating is widely used on telescopes, eyeglasses and screens to effectively enhance the transmission of light. However, the presence of defects such as bubbles or scratches lowers the usability and functionality of optical film. Optical cameras are often used for coating inspection, but their accuracy relies heavily on the illumination source, camera viewing angles and defect location. This paper describes an active thermography approach that can potentially overcome this issue. Eighteen scratch and bubble defects were located on AR film with dimensions ranging from 0.03mm to 4.4 mm. An infrared camera was used to capture thermal images of those defects over 65 seconds of heating. After the thermal images were acquired, time-domain analysis and space-domain analysis were conducted and k-means clustering methodology was used to highlight the defective area. Results suggest active thermography can be used to detect scratch defects with widths of 0.03mm to 4.40 mm and bubble defects with diameters ranging from 0.08 to 4 mm. For defects with dimensions larger than 0.4 mm, our algorithm can estimate the dimension with less than 15% bias. However, for defects with dimensions less than 0.4mm, the algorithm estimation error ranged from 68% to 900% due to camera resolution limitations. It should be noted that our algorithm can still distinguish a scratch defect with a width of less than one pixel. This study also suggests active thermography can detect scratch and bubble defects regardless of the location of the illumination source.
Design and Application of Digital Power Quality Monitoring Equipment

In this paper,the design requirements of the power quality monitoring equipment application in JiangXi province power quality monitoring station——220kV chengjiang digitized substation is analyzed,and also the overall design scheme of the equipment are solutioned,especially focused on the hardware design and program flow of the samples values message decoding module based on IEC61850-9-2/-1 protoco and digital power quality monitoring equipment modeling method.This article provides a technology reference for the establishment of power quality monitoring system in digital environment.
STUDIES ON ADSORPTION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF XANTHATE BY PILLARED MONTMORILLONITE

Three sorts of modified clays, organoclay, inorganoclay and inorgano/organo clay, were synthesized by the reaction of Na-montmorillonite with Ti-crosslinking agent and oetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Amount of clay, adsorption time and the concentration of xanthate were treated as the most important parameters to investigate their adsorption abilities to xanthate in this work. The primary results indicated that inorgano/organoclay had the highest interlayer among them, which contribute the best adsorption capacity to xanthate. Moreover, it proved that inorgano/organoclay could be regenerated and used as photocatalyst to degrade xanthate by ultraviolet irradiation at 254nm. It is expected that this new material could be developed as potential eco - environmental materials for absorbing and photolyzing organic pollutants from wastewater.
A Study of HLA-B-Locus Polymorphism with a Specific Hybridization Probe

The extensive polymorphism among the gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is one of the mysteries of mammalian genetics. Serological analysis of human class I gene products has revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism for the HLA-A, B, and C loci with 10–40 alleles for each locus. However, all these allelic products have considerable overall amino acid sequence homology [1]. At the DNA level, 20 class I genes per haploid genome, including HLA-A, B, C, Tla, and Qa, have been enumerated with a full-length cDNA class I probe [2]. The extensive sequence homology between these different genes has made it difficult to find regions of “A-ness, B-ness, or C-ness” or to correlate alleles with bands on genomic Southern blots. The obtainment of locus and allele specific probes is clearly desirable in order to study polymorphism of the I genes at the DNA level.
Patient-specific quantification of image quality: An automated method for measuring spatial resolution in clinical CT images.

Purpose: To develop and validate an automated technique for evaluating the spatial resolution characteristics of clinical computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Twenty one chest and abdominopelvic clinical CT datasets were examined in this study. An algorithm was developed to extract a CT resolution index (RI) analogous to the modulation transfer function from clinical CT images by measuring the edge-spread function (ESF) across the patient’s skin. A polygon mesh of the air-skin boundary was created. The faces of the mesh were then used to measure the ESF across the air-skin interface. The ESF was differentiated to obtain the line-spread function (LSF), and the LSF was Fourier transformed to obtain the RI. The algorithm’s ability to detect the radial dependence of the RI was investigated. RIs measured with the proposed method were compared with a conventional phantom-based method across two reconstruction algorithms (FBP and iterative) using the spatial frequency at 50% RI, f 50, as the metric for comparison. Three reconstruction kernels were investigated for each reconstruction algorithm. Finally, an observer study was conducted to determine if observers could visually perceive the differences in the measured blurriness of images reconstructed with a given reconstruction method. Results: RI measurements performed with the proposed technique exhibited the expected dependencies on the image reconstruction. The measured f 50 values increased with harder kernels for both FBP and iterative reconstruction. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm was able to detect the radial dependence of the RI. Patient-specific measurements of the RI were comparable to the phantom-based technique, but the patient data exhibited a large spread in the measured f 50, indicating that some datasets were blurrier than others even when the projection data were reconstructed with the same reconstruction algorithm and kernel. Results from the observer study substantiated this finding. Conclusions: Clinically informed, patient-specific spatial resolution can be measured from clinical datasets. The method is sufficiently sensitive to reflect changes in spatial resolution due to different reconstruction parameters. The method can be applied to automatically assess the spatial resolution of patient images and quantify dependencies that may not be captured in phantom data.
The Extent and Impact of the U.S. Foreign Language Deficit

The foreign language deficit has had a negative impact on our economic and national security, and on the careers of many monolingual English-speaking Americans. In addition, it negatively impacts the ability of many Americans to enjoy world languages and cultures to the fullest, at home or during travel, and to effectively navigate local multilingual and multicultural communities. In an increasingly globalized world, Americans are increasingly isolated by our relative inability to communicate directly with others, and limited to understanding literature, media, and music only in translation.
Lifted linear phase filter banks and the polyphase-with-advance representation [JPEG 2000 image coding applications]

We develop the noncausal polyphase-with-advance representation that underlies the theory of lifted filter banks and wavelet transforms used in the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 image coding standard. The theory includes a matrix algebra framework for analyzing linear phase two-channel filter banks. Whole- and half-sample symmetric filter banks are characterized completely in terms of the theory, and linear phase lifting factorizations are developed for both classes of linear phase filter banks.
Hashtag Recommendation for Enterprise Applications

Hashtags have been popularly used in several social cum consumer network settings such as Twitter and Facebook. In this paper, we consider the problem of recommending hashtags for enterprise applications. These applications include emails (e.g., Outlook), enterprise social networks (e.g., Yammer) and special interest group email lists. This problem arises in an organization setting and hashtags are enterprise domain specific. One important aspect of our recommendation system is that we recommend hashtags for Inline hashtag scenario where recommendations change as the user inserts hashtags while typing the message. This involves working with partial content information. Besides this, we consider the conventional Post} hashtagging scenario where hashtags are recommended for the full message. We also consider an important (sub)scenario, viz., Auto-complete where hashtags are recommended with user provided partial information such as sub-string present in the hashtag. Auto-complete can be used with both Inline and Post scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, Inline, Auto-complete hashtag recommendations and hashtagging in enterprise applications have not been studied before. We propose to learn a joint model that uses features of three types, namely, temporal, structural and content. Our learning formulation handles all the hashtagging scenarios naturally. Comprehensive experimental study on five datasets of user email accounts collected by running an Outlook plugin (a key requirement for large scale industrial deployment), one dataset of special interest group email list and one enterprise social network data set shows that the proposed method performs significantly better than the state of the art methods used in consumer applications such as Twitter. The primary reason is that different feature types play dominant role in different scenarios and datasets. Since the joint model makes use of all feature types effectively, it performs better in almost all scenarios and datasets.
Acute Appendicitis in Pregnancy: Predictive Clinical Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors predictive of appendicitis in pregnant women and associated obstetric outcomes. Study Design We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent magnetic resonance imaging for suspected appendicitis from 2007 to 2012. Rates and odds of appendicitis based on presenting signs and symptoms were estimated. We also estimated rates and odds of adverse obstetric outcomes among women with a diagnosis of appendicitis. Results Of 171 pregnant women evaluated, 14 (8.2%) had pathology-confirmed appendicitis. White blood cell (WBC) count on admission was moderately predictive of appendicitis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.74). A WBC count > 18,000 made the diagnosis of appendicitis more than 10 times more likely (adjusted odds ratio, 10.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.67–43.1). Of 127 women with complete pregnancy follow-up, women with appendicitis had a higher rate of pregnancy loss Conclusion WBC count > 18,000 on admission is significantly associated with appendicitis in pregnant women undergoing evaluation for appendicitis. Appendicitis during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with previable pregnancy loss.
A novel leakage power reduction technique for CMOS circuit design

Power consumption is now a major technical problem facing the CMOS circuits in deep submicron process. As process moves to finer technologies, leakage power significantly increases very rapidly due to the high transistor density, reduced voltage and oxide thickness. We first experimentally investigate existing low-power techniques and point out problems with them. We then propose a family of circuit types for low-power design centered around inserting controlling transistors between pull-up and pull down circuits as well as between pull-up circuits/pull down circuits and power/ground. We investigate the characteristics of proposed gate types in terms of ability to reduce power consumption and their associated delay overhead. In addition, several variations of drain gating are discussed. In the end, an overall procedure for low-power circuit design is proposed by intelligently mixing various proposed circuit types for gates in the circuits based upon gate criticality analysis. Extensive SPICE simulation results were reported using 45nm, 32nm and 22nm process technologies. Significant power reduction is achieved with zero or little increase in the critical path delay of the overall circuits.
The Contingent Spillovers of Organizational Wrongdoing

Organizations often get caught breaking the rules and violating society’s norms. Research has shown that the effects of these wrongdoings often spillover beyond a transgressing organization’s bound...
Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Tissue Distribution, and Interspecies Scaling of Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor XaI16L

FXaI16L is a recombinant human FXa variant which is currently being evaluated in the clinic for treating intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of our studies is to investigate overall pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and distribution of FXaI16L in preclinical species, and to understand its potential implication in human. Pharmacokinetics of FXaI16L was examined using active site probes and the results showed that FXaI16L displayed fast clearance, low volume of distribution, and a very short plasma resident time in mice, rats, and monkeys. When pharmacodynamics was examined in monkeys, concentration effects of FXaI16L on shortening of active partial prothrombin time and formation of thrombin-antithrombin complex were observed. Furthermore, biodistribution study was conducted in mice using radiolabeled FXaI16L, and showed that 125I-FXaI16L has high plasma protein binding and significant liver and kidney distribution. Human pharmacokinetic prediction for first-in-human dosing was evaluated using allometric scaling, liver blood flow, and a fixed coefficient method, and single species allometric scaling using monkey data was most predictive for human pharmacokinetics of FXaI16L.
The endoplasmic reticulum HSP40 co-chaperone ERdj3/DNAJB11 assembles and functions as a tetramer

Abstract ERdj3/DNAJB11 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeted HSP40 co‐chaperone that performs multifaceted functions involved in coordinating ER and extracellular proteostasis. Here, we show that ERdj3 assembles into a native tetramer that is distinct from the dimeric structure observed for other HSP40 co‐chaperones. An electron microscopy structural model of full‐length ERdj3 shows that these tetramers are arranged as a dimer of dimers formed by distinct inter‐subunit interactions involving ERdj3 domain II and domain III. Targeted deletion of residues 175‐190 within domain II renders ERdj3 a stable dimer that is folded and efficiently secreted from mammalian cells. This dimeric ERdj3 shows impaired substrate binding both in the ER and extracellular environments and reduced interactions with the ER HSP70 chaperone BiP. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of dimeric ERdj3 exacerbates ER stress‐dependent reductions in the secretion of a destabilized, aggregation‐prone protein and increases its accumulation as soluble oligomers in extracellular environments. These results reveal ERdj3 tetramerization as an important structural framework for ERdj3 functions involved in coordinating ER and extracellular proteostasis in the presence and absence of ER stress.
Bloch’s Atheism and Ontology: A Sketch

The aim of this chapter is to bring to light the kind of atheism in Bloch’s thought, the reasons he has for this atheism, and the ontological model that underlies what serves as a reason — at least insofar as such ontological presuppositions mesh with one of the ontological models presented in the preceding section, namely, the subject-object or will-nature model. This purpose serves this essay’s larger intent, to see how hope-analysis and analysis of grounds for hope incline towards theism or atheism, particularly as mediated by certain ontological presuppositions. For this larger purpose, then, Bloch’s thought serves as a paradigm of one kind of atheism and one type of ontology.
Procedural Memory and Rehabilitation

In his 1984 APA Division 40 Presidential Address, Nelson Butters presented evidence of a double dissociation in the memory function of patients with Huntington’s disease and alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome (Butters, 1984). The Huntington’s disease patients were found to have relatively normal verbal recognition memory but poor skill learning, while the reverse was true for the alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Of particular interest for our present purposes was that the skill learning of the alcoholic Korsakoff patients, using a mirror-reading task, was accomplished at a rate comparable to that of the normal controls. Despite their failure to recognize features of the task following training, their performance nevertheless improved over three days of training.
Indonesia’s Foreign Policy and Grand Strategy in the 21st Century: Rise of an Indo-Pacific Power

This book examines the changes in Indonesian foreign policy during the 21st century as it seeks to position itself as a great power in the Indo-Pacific region. The rise of 21st-century Indonesia is becoming a permanent fixture in both the domestic and global discourses. Though there has been an increasing level of discussion on Indonesia’s emerging power status, there has been little discussion on how the country is debating and signalling its new-found status. This book combines the insights of both neo-classical realism and social identity theory to discuss a reset in an emerging Indonesia’s foreign policy during the 21st century while emphasizing domestic drivers and constraints of its international behaviour. There are three key organizing components of the book – emerging power, status signalling and the Indo-Pacific region. The Indo-Pacific region constitutes a spatial framing of the book; the emerging power provides an analytical category to explain Indonesia’s changing international status; and status signalling explains multiple facets of international behaviour through which the country is projecting its new status. Though leaders are adding different styles and characteristics to the rising Indonesia narrative, there are a few unmistakable overarching trends that highlight an increasing correlation between the country’s rising power and growing ambition in international behaviour. This book is built around four key signalling strategies of Indonesia as an emerging power – expanded regional canvas, power projection, leadership projection, and quest for great power parity. They represent Indonesia’s growing desire for a status-consistent behaviour, its response to the prevailing strategic uncertainty in the Indo-Pacific region and its attempt to advance its strategic interests. This book will be of much interest to students of South-East Asian politics, strategic studies, international diplomacy, security studies and IR in general.
Absence of compulsive drinking phenotype in adult male rats exposed to ethanol in a binge-like pattern during adolescence

Abstract The abuse of alcohol during adolescence is widespread and represents a particular concern, given that earlier age of drinking onset is associated with increased risk for the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Despite this risk, it remains unclear whether binge-like adolescent alcohol exposure facilitates drinking despite aversive consequences, a characteristic common among individuals with AUDs. The present study examined voluntary alcohol consumption and aversion-resistant drinking in adult male Long-Evans rats that had undergone adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation between postnatal days (PD) 28–44. Ethanol consumption during adulthood was examined using a two-bottle choice (2BC) intermittent access procedure. Rats were tested for aversion-resistant drinking using ethanol adulterated with quinine (10, 30, 100 mg/L) after two 7-week periods of 2BC drinking. After completion of the second test of aversion-resistant drinking, rats were trained to operantly self-administer ethanol. The results revealed that both air control (AIR) and AIE-exposed rats exhibited similar ethanol intake and preference in the 2BC paradigm. After 7 weeks of 2BC drinking, quinine adulteration significantly suppressed ethanol intake, but only at the highest concentration examined (100 mg/L). However, upon retesting after a total of 17 weeks of 2BC drinking, 30-mg/L quinine suppressed ethanol intake. Notably, AIR- and AIE-exposed rats were equally sensitive to quinine-adulterated ethanol at both time points. In addition, AIR- and AIE-exposed rats responded similarly during operant ethanol self-administration on both fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. Finally, both AIR- and AIE-exposed rats exhibited similar preference for sucrose. The results of this study show that binge-like ethanol vapor exposure during adolescence does not alter voluntary ethanol consumption, motivation to operantly respond for ethanol, or promote aversion-resistant ethanol consumption in adulthood. These data, together with previous work reporting conflicting results across various rodent models of adolescent alcohol exposure, underscore the need to further explore the role that exposure to alcohol during adolescence has on the development of heavy and compulsive drinking phenotypes in adulthood.
Non-operative Treatment of Elbow Instability

Elbow injuries in the overhead athlete are very common. In the analysis of the throwing movement, every phase has its own characteristics and differences in load on the elbow. These characteristics can be used as a theoretical model for the prevention and rehabilitation of the injured elbow. The mobility of the elbow is an important condition for the throwing movement. Furthermore, the strengthening of the triceps and flexor and pronator muscles of the wrist is an important treatment option in the rehabilitation of the overhead athlete. The velocity, strength, and endurance are useful parameters in the throwing buildup in the return to sports phase.
Chemotherapy Alone for Localized Non-Bulky Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract Combined modality therapy with radiation and chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for limited-stage HL. Long-term toxicities, including cardiac and disease and secondary cancers, s have been reported in multiple series with long follow-up. Lower doses and smaller fields may be less toxic, but mediastinal/cardiac radiation is unavoidable in most cases. The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital lymphoma teams have now treated 74 patients with localized, non-bulky classical HL with chemotherapy as the only therapy. The median age of the series was 29 years (17–42). The M/F ratio was 33/41. The clinical stages were IA (10), IIA (56), IIB (9). The treatment consisted of ABVD × 6 cycles (70 pts), ABVD × 4 cycles (3 pts), and variants of ABVD (2 pts). The median F/U is 48+ months (4+–174+). One patient had primary refractory disease. Seven patients (median age 30, range 20–38) have relapsed (6, 10, 10, 11, 14, 20 and 63 months) whose original stage was IA (1), IIA (3), IIB (3). The progression-free survival at 4 years is 91%. All patients are alive. Six of seven patients received salvage RT and autologous stem cell transplantation, and only one has relapsed to date. In retrospect, all seven patients who relapsed from CR or CRu were FDG-PET negative at mid-cycle. Thus far, there has been no long-term, chemotherapy-related toxicity in the patients who remain in remission. 94% (62/66) asymptomatic patients remain in remission compared to 6/9 (67%) IIB patients. Conclusion: In young adults with non-bulky, localized HL chemotherapy alone with ABVD can achieve excellent progression-free and overall survival, especially those asymptomatic at diagnosis. These data and previously published results indicate an equivalent long-term outcome when compared to combined modality trials but without the long-term risks of radiation therapy. Avoidance of radiation therapy may be even more important in the pediatric age group.
Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention across Diverse Populations

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a highly proatherogenic lipid fraction that is genetically determined and minimally responsive to lifestyle or behavior changes. Mendelian randomization studies have suggested a causal link between elevated Lp(a) and heart disease, stroke, and aortic stenosis. There is substantial inter-ethnic variation in Lp(a) levels, with persons of African descent having the highest median values. Monitoring of Lp(a) has historically been limited by lack of standardization of assays. With the advent of novel therapeutic modalities to lower Lp(a) levels including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and targeted antisense oligonucleotides, it is increasingly important to screen patients who have family or personal history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for elevations in Lp(a). Further study is needed to establish a causal relationship between elevated Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease across diverse ethnic populations.
Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Sex/Gender-Dependent Effects in the Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders.

Innate and adaptive immune mechanisms have emerged as critical regulators of CNS homeostasis and mental health. A plethora of immunologic factors have been reported to interact with emotion- and behavior-related neuronal circuits, modulating susceptibility and resilience to mental disorders. However, it remains unclear whether immune dysregulation is a cardinal causal factor or an outcome of the pathologies associated with mental disorders. Emerging variations in immune regulatory pathways based on sex differences provide an additional framework for discussion in these psychiatric disorders. In this review, we present the current literature pertaining to the effects that disrupted immune pathways have in mental disorder pathophysiology, including immune dysregulation in CNS and periphery, microglial activation, and disturbances of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, we present the suggested origins of such immune dysregulation and discuss the gender and sex influence of the neuroimmune substrates that contribute to mental disorders. The findings challenge the conventional view of these disorders and open the window to a diverse spectrum of innovative therapeutic targets that focus on the immune-specific pathophenotypes in neuronal circuits and behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The involvement of gender-dependent inflammatory mechanisms on the development of mental pathologies is gaining momentum. This review addresses these novel factors and presents the accumulating evidence introducing microglia and proinflammatory elements as critical components and potential targets for the treatment of mental disorders.
Compressive stress relaxation behavior of articular cartilage and its effects on fluid pressure and solid displacement due to non-Newtonian flow.

In this study, we investigate the effects of the power-law index and permeability parameter on the deformation of soft tissue (articular cartilage) which is bathed in the non-Newtonian fluid under ...
Clinical trials may be unethical in certain instances.

Abstract After review of the literature, I conclude that clinical trials may be unethical.
Going the Distance: What School Administrators Can Learn from One-to-One Laptop Schools

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many school administrators are forced to transform traditional schooling into an online distance learning environment. This commentary addresses how some of the challenges and implications of our research in leadership and instruction of one-to-one laptop schools are applicable to establishing a distance learning environment alongside current standards for instruction. School administrators are strongly encouraged to collaborate with teachers as soon as teachers report for the school year to help create a shared vision of effective online instruction and implement supplemental frameworks that will guide evaluation of teaching and learning online.
Gender Differences in NCAA Non-Revenue Sports: An Examination of Men’s and Women’s Soccer Coaching Salaries

This paper examines the determinants of head coaching salaries in men’s and women’s collegiate soccer. Both of these sports are considered non-revenue sports, and thus differences in sports revenues should not impact coaching salaries. We analyze salaries of head coaches in these sports to determine if i) coaches in women’s soccer earn systematically less than coaches of men’s soccer, and ii) whether there is a difference in salaries between male and female coaches of women’s soccer. We find that salaries for coaches of women’s soccer are lower than those for men’s soccer. We also find that there is no statistically significant difference in the earnings between male and female coaches of women’s soccer. We use financial data from public, Division 1 universities to examine this issue. As found in previous literature on basketball and football coaching salaries, coaching salaries are primarily determined by the size of the University athletic budget and the proportion of resources dedicated to the sport.
Stable isotope analysis suggests that tetrodotoxin-resistant Common Gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) rarely feed on newts in the wild

Toxin-resistant predators may suffer costs from eating chemically defended prey and do not feed exclusively on toxic prey. Common Gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnaeus, 1758)) have been consi...
DIESELISATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS : A CASE STUDY

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIESEL-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE DIESELIZATION ON THE ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE