cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ЭЭГ биоуправление улучшает сфокусированное внимание при синдроме дефицита внимания и гиперактивности

EEG biofeedback (so called neurofeedback) is considered as an efficacious treatment for ADHD. We propose that operant conditioning of EEG in neurofeedback training mode, aimed to mitigate inattention and low arousal in ADHD, will be accompanied by changes in EEG bands' relative power. Patients were 18 children diagnosed with ADHD. The neurofeedback protocol (“Focus/Alertness” by Peak Achievement Trainer, Neurotek, KY) used to train patients has focused attention training procedure, which according to specifications, represents wide band EEG amplitude suppression training. Quantitative EEG analysis was completed on each of 25 min long twelve sessions to determine the relative power of each of the EEG bands of interest throughout each session, and from the first session to the last session. Additional statistical analysis was performed to determine significant changes in relative power within sessions (from minute 1 to minute 25), and between sessions (from session 1 to session 12) for an individual patient. We performed analysis of relative power of Theta, Alpha, Low and High Beta, Theta/Alpha, Theta/Beta, and Theta/Low Beta and Theta/High Beta ratios. We performed also analysis between the “Focus”measure and changes in relative power of above EEG rhythms and their ratios. Additional secondary measures of patients’ post-neurofeedback outcomes were assessed using an audio-visual selective attention test (IVA + Plus) and behavioral evaluation scores from Aberrant Behavior Checklist. We found that, as expected, Theta/Low Beta and Theta/Alpha ratios decreased significantly from Session 1 to Session 12 and from minute 1 to minute 25 within sessions. The ‘Focus” measure of protocol showed high negative correlation with both Theta/Alpha and Theta/Beta ratios. The findings regarding EEG changes resulting from self-regulation training along with behavioral evaluations will help in elucidation of neural mechanisms of neurofeedback aimed to improve focused attention and alertness in ADHD.
The ethics of online social network forensics

Online social networks (OLSNs) are electronically-based social milieux where individuals gather virtually to socialize. The behavior and characteristics of these networks can provide evidence relevant for detecting and prosecuting policy violations, crimes, terrorist activities, subversive political movements, etc. Some existing forensics methods and tools are useful for such investigations. Further, forensics researchers are developing new methods and tools specifically for investigating and examining online social networks. While the privacy rights of individuals are widely respected, the privacy rights of social groups are less well developed. In the current development of OLSNs and computer forensics, the compromise of group privacy may lead to the violation of individual privacy. This paper examines the ethics regarding forensics examinations of online social networks. As with individual privacy, ethical tensions exist in social group privacy between the privacy rights that can be afforded to the membership, and the rights of institutions to detect and govern conspiracies to subversion, crimes, discrimination, etc.
The spoon test: a valid and reliable bedside test to assess sudomotor function

To establish the validity of bedside sudomotor tests in a controlled prospective study. Five different tests were used to assess presence of sweating at seven bilaterally symmetrical body loci, namely, examination with the unaided eye, visualization with light reflection, magnification with an ophthalmoscope, palpation of skin for slickness, and gliding the back of a spoon over the skin to detect friction. Sensitivity and specificity of these bedside tests were compared with the thermoregulatory sweat test in 130 subjects with generalized body sweating and 16 patients with complete anhidrosis. The spoon test was more sensitive in detecting sweating than the other four bedside tests, demonstrating sensitivity of about 86% at the neck, 58% at the chest, and 51% at the forehead. Specificity of the spoon test was almost 100% at all body sites except at the chest (81%) and the neck (50%). With caveats related to methodology, the spoon test is a clinically practical and useful bedside screening test for the assessment of sweating, especially at the forehead and chest.
Discharge to a skilled nursing facility as the strongest modifiable risk factor for readmissions following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

435Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a technically difficult and notoriously morbid procedure. As payers begin to link reimbursement to readmission rates, there is growing interest in understanding and preventing readmissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to 30-day readmission rates for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: Data from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4) were reviewed for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2011-2014 (n = 1,552). Outcomes included 30-day readmission and length of stay (LOS). Univariate comparisons were performed between characteristics of those readmitted (n = 404) and not readmitted (n = 1,148). Readmission and LOS were modeled using multivariate logistic regression and linear regression, respectively. Results: Of the 404 (26.0%) patients who were readmitted, the most common causes for readmission were post-operative infection (26.2%), anastomotic complications (8.0%), and dehydr...
Cross-border merger waves

Abstract We examine the valuation effects of cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) waves. Like domestic M&As, cross-border M&As cluster by industry and time. Cross-border M&A waves create value overall: acquirer announcement returns, combined acquirer and target announcement returns, and post-merger operating performance within waves are significantly higher than those outside of waves. Unlike domestic M&A waves, deals undertaken later in waves outperform those earlier in waves. The late entrants' outperformance is stronger when target countries differ from acquirer countries in terms of culture, financial development, and legal system. Overall, the results suggest that cross-border acquisitions promote efficient redeployment of corporate assets.
Prospective evaluation of combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and whole-body MRI in patients with breast and prostate cancer

1537 Objectives We previously reported the evaluation of separate NaF PET/CT and FDG PET/CT vs. whole-body MRI (WBMRI), as well as the use of combined NaF/FDG PET/CT in cancer patients. Here we prospectively compare the combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and WBMRI against 99mTc-MDP bone scans (BS). Methods 21 patients referred for BS were prospectively enrolled with IRB approval from Nov 2012 to Dec 2013. The cohort included 6 men with prostate cancer and 15 women with breast cancer, 34 - 84 year-old (average 57.7 ± 13.3). NaF and FDG were subsequently injected from separate syringes. PET/CT and MRI were done 1-6 days apart (average 1.3 ± 1.1). MRI protocol consisted of T1, STIR, DWI, and contrast-enhanced imaging. The interval from the bone scan to PET/CT or MRI ranged 1-30 days (average 14.5 ± 7.7). Lesions detected with each test were tabulated and the results were compared. Results 1 patient with negative BS and PET/CT could not tolerate WBMRI. 7 patients had no bone metastases identified on any of the 3 scans. BS showed bone metastases in 11 patients, while the combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and the WBMRI showed skeletal metastases in 3 more and 2 more, respectively (14 patients total). More numerous bone findings were noted on PET/CT than on WBMRI in 7 patients. Lesions outside the skeleton were identified by PET/CT and WBMRI in 9 patients. In one patient MRI showed brain metastases not noted on PET/CT. In one patient PET/CT showed axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes not described on MRI. Conclusions Our prospective trial demonstrates superior evaluation of skeletal disease extent with the combined NaF/FDG PET/CT and WBMRI compared to BS. Further, PET/CT and WBMRI detected extra-skeletal disease that may change the management of these patients. A combination of NaF/FDG PET and WBMRI may provide the most accurate staging of patients with breast and prostate cancers. Larger cohorts are needed in order to confirm these preliminary findings. Research Support GE Healthcare
Globalization and the Design of International Institutions

Current arrangements governing international trading relationships are under attack in both academic and policy circles. There is concern that a multilateral system of free and open trade, to the extent that it ever existed, is degenerating into a system of preferential trade among regional blocks. This chapter reviews evidence from the 1980s indicating that, while export patterns do reveal some regional bias, this bias did not grow over that period. Recent work in trade theory is then reviewed, with the conclusion that these theories mostly reinforce rather than diminish the orthodox case for free trade. They also suggest, however, why national governments may be unwilling to pursue laissez-faire unilaterally. Areas where the current system appears to be failing are then enumerated and three reasons for failure are suggested. The world economy seems to be best served if multilateral arrangements, when they are made, have open membership. Rules—based trade agreements are preferable to arrangements with quantitative targets.
Learning More, Spending Less.

As colleges and universities struggle to restructure in the face of growing pressures to reduce costs and increase accountability, they would do well to turn their attention to the one area affecte...
THE MANY FACES OF MULTIVISCERAL TRANSPLANTATION

The transplantation of multiple abdominal viscera, including liver-duodenum-pancreas, liver-stomach-duodenum-pancreas and liver-intestine, is being performed with increasing frequency and success. These procedures and other variations are derived from a seldom used multivisceral operation in which all of the foregoing organs are transplanted en bloc. It is described herein how the full multivisceral transplantation and its less extensive derivatives are based on the same principles of procurement, preservation and postoperative management. With all of these multiple organ permutations and with intestinal transplantation alone, management is complicated by inclusion in the grafts of a large lymphoreticular component that is capable of causing graft versus host disease (GVHD). Because of a systematic error in therapeutic philosophy, past efforts have been directed at altering or damaging the lymphoreticular cells by pretreatment of the donor or of the organs with drugs, irradiation or other means. From recent observations, the alternative approach is suggested of keeping these lymphoid depots intact, which then become the site of two way cell traffic after transplantation. With the use of powerful immunosuppression, such as that provided with FK 506, the donor lymphoreticular cells can circulate in the recipient without causing clinical GVHD, and the lymphoreticular cells in the graft become those of the recipient (local chimerism) without causing rejection. Even with avoidance of rejection and GVHD, metabolic interrelations between the grafted organs, and also between the graft organs and retained recipient viscera can affect the fate of the individual transplanted organs or retained recipient organs. The best delineated of these metabolic influences are mediated by the endogenous splanchnic hepatotrophic factors, of which insulin has been the most completely studied. An understanding of these various immunologic and nonimmunologic factors combined with more potent immunosuppression that is now available is sure to stimulate efforts at transplantation of abdominal organs and particularly of the hollow viscera that have resisted such clinical efforts.
The Role of Wild Pigs in the Epidemiology of African Swine Fever

The disease African swine fever is briefly described with emphasis on the evolution of the disease. The role of wild pigs, especially the warthog (Phacocoerus aethiopicus) in the maintenance of the disease in nature is explored and the importance of ticks of the genus Ornithodoros in the natural cycle of the virus is emphasized. The fact that the virus can be maintained in a tick population without the intervention of vertebrate hosts leads the author to propose that the African swine fever virus may in fact be an arthropod virus which only accidentally infects wild and domestic pigs.
Ensuring Validity in the Measurement of Corporate Social Performance: Lessons from Corporate United Way and PAC Campaigns

Building on philosophy of science literature and two original studies, this paper argues for the necessity of incorporating all three portions of Wood's (1991) theoretical model of corporate social performance (CSP) into its measurement. It begins by describing the two studies of an organizational phenomenon not commonly studied – internal fund drives to employees. Insights from these studies of corporate PAC and United Way campaigns are then used to illustrate how important it is to incorporate all three portions of Wood's model into the measurement of CSP to prevent drawing faulty conclusions. The paper concludes by providing a matrix for use in testing the validity of CSP measures.
Optimizing fungicide timing for the management of white mold in processing snap bean in New York

Abstract White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is the most important fungal disease affecting processing snap bean production in New York (USA). The most important tactic for in-season disease management is fungicide application with the aim of protecting flowers from infection by S. sclerotiorum ascospores. The most popular fungicide is thiophanate-methyl but for rotational purposes, boscalid and fluazinam are common although more expensive alternatives. Despite the application of fungicides, white mold often occurs. In the absence of knowledge on optimal fungicide timing, up to two applications may be made with the first occurring at 10% of plants having at least one open flower, and the second approximately seven days thereafter coinciding with full (100%) flowering and pin-pod. Six small plot, replicated field trials were conducted over three years (2015–2017) to identify optimal timings for the most commonly used fungicides (thiophanate-methyl, boscalid, and fluazinam) to reduce the incidence of white mold in processing snap bean cvs. Huntington and Denver. Fungicides were applied at either early (10%) and/or late (100%) flowering and the effect on white mold incidence in pods and plants, green leaf area measured using canopy reflectance at 830 nm, and pod yield was evaluated. Application of thiophanate-methyl at early flowering was optimal for reducing the incidence of white mold and a second application at late flowering was not beneficial. In contrast, if thiophanate-methyl application was delayed until late flowering, white mold incidence was high and in some cases not significantly different from nontreated plots. Timing of fluazinam or boscalid was more flexible and not significantly different between a single application at early or late flowering. Two applications of fluazinam or boscalid did not significantly reduce white mold compared to a single application. Delayed application of thiophanate-methyl to later in flowering may be a contributing factor in the suboptimal management of white mold in processing snap bean. Optimal timing of fluazinam or boscalid appears less critical and offers growers flexibility when conditions are not optimal for application at early flowering. In addition, these products allow for rotation to different modes of action, but with trade-offs in cost.
Human and mouse linked evaluation of tumors

2940 Attempts at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of breast cancer treatments are frustrated in part by limited access to primary human tumors undergoing treatment and the lack of experimental models adequately recapitulating the biological features of the disease. Kuperwasser and colleagues reported successfully reconstructing functionally normal human breast tissues in mammary fat pads of NOD/SCID mice. In the present study, we seek to recapitulate human breast tumors using this technique. The procedure involves “humanization” of the stroma of the mammary fat pads of highly immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice by removing mouse mammary epithelia and implanting immortalized human breast fibroblasts, followed by a human breast tumor sample mixed with the same fibroblast line approximately two to four weeks later. We report successfully establishing multiple serially transplantable human breast tumors from core biopsy samples from both breast primary and metastatic sites using this technique. cDNA microarray analysis indicates high concordance in gene expression between the xenografts (passage 1-3) and the original human tumor with all probes present on the Agilent 44K array and a subset of 141 genes that distinguish between basal from luminal breast cancer. Furthermore, when the relative expression profiles of the original human tumor and xenograft passages 1 and 3 were compared with134 other breast cancers, the original human tumor and its engrafted counterpart clustered more closely with each other than with any other tumor. Passage 3 tumors in mice had similar histopathological features to the original human counterpart. In addition, in one case, a passage 3 tumor retained the aggressive metastatic features of its original human counterpart, confirmed by the presence of human centromeres in the disseminated disease in the mouse. To date, all 6 successfully engrafted tumors are from patients with triple negative tumors, indicating that this approach is a likely to form the basis for a new in vivo system for biological studies and preclinical testing of anticancer compounds for basal type breast cancer. Supported by the Susan G Komen Foundation and the Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine through a National Cancer Institute-funded Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA091842) and funding from the Fashion Footwear Association of New York (FFANY).
Twelve tips for teaching oncology to non-oncologists

Background: Teaching subspecialty care to trainees who are not pursuing that subspecialty poses many challenges. These challenges are amplified in the teaching of oncology to non-oncologists because there are more new therapies emerging in oncology than in any other discipline, and there are few oncologic issues managed by generalists without consultation. Concurrently, there is an increasing need for generalists to manage many aspects of care for patients with cancer.Aim: To provide 12 tips for oncologists to use to educate trainees on their oncology rotations.Method: The tips provided are based upon the available literature and the authors' own experience.Results: The 12 tips presented offer specific strategies for oncologists to enhance their teaching by selection of appropriate content and enhancing delivery. Focus is placed on aspects of oncology that trainees are likely to encounter as a generalist or non-cancer subspecialist. While oncology is used as the case study, these strategies are adaptable to any subspecialty area.Conclusion: Oncologists and other subspecialists can be core medical educators.
Reporting on QI Efforts for Internal and External Customers

Article-at-a-Glance Background In April 1993 the Methodist Hospital of St Louis Park, Minnesota, released its first internal quality report on outcomes and quality improvement (QI) initiatives. When a local television news reporter mentioned the report in a segment on health care quality, public interest led the hospital to launch an annual series of external quality reports in addition to its internal quality reports. When the eight-page external report was first released in 1994, consumer response was weak, but the report generated a strong response from the mass media, trade publications, the business community, and other health care organizations nationwide. Data collection and use Data on sentinel events and outcomes analysis of a variety of clinical and administrative functions have assisted in identifying opportunities for improvement. For example, the hospital monitors the five-year survival rate for patients with myocar dial infarction. With the adoption of treatment with streptokinase, data indicated frequent hypotension. Increase of infusion from 30 to 60 minutes led to a decrease in hypotension. The reports The external report included, in shorter and simpler form, almost all the sections in the internal report, such as QI activities (teams, training, critical paths), clinical outcome measures, community health, patient satisfaction, value, and accreditation. The indicators included in the external report were selected to minimize potential misinterpretation by public audiences. Conclusions By increasing the visibility of QI within the hospital, the internal quality reports have helped generate further QI activity, and the external report augmented further positive publicity among the local health care press. The reports are proven effective tools for communicating the hospital's ability to sustain and improve the quality of it services over time.
Videoconferencing Negotiation Simulation: AuraCall (Origin)

A telecommunication company’s customer service center requires negotiation training in order to improve their handling of internal conflict and conflict with angry customers. The center’s manager has reached out to an expert in online training course design, to negotiate the price and terms of providing such a course. The negotiation takes place via videoconferencing. This document includes the simulation’s role information as well as a Teaching Guide detailing its setup conduct, and debriefing. A version of this simulation adapted for negotiation via email can be found at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3560562 This simulation is designated as AuraCall (Origin) to distinguish it from AuraCall, Inc., a different simulation which is referenced below. The two simulations can be used independently, but they are designed to work well when used sequentially. In the first, AuraCall (Origin), parties negotiate a deal for the design and provision of an online course. In the follow on, AuraCall, Inc., the original deal parties negotiated has gone sour. Displeased with each other’s performance, parties now have conflicting claims against each other; the purpose of this follow-on interaction is to negotiate a suitable dispute resolution process for the conflict between them. See AuraCall, Inc.: Negotiating a Dispute Resolution Process Simulation. In R. Lewicki, D. Saunders, & B. Barry (eds.), Negotiation: Readings, exercises & cases (6th ed.) Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill/Irwin (2009). Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2403173
Excitatory and inhibitory modulation of septal and striatal neurons during hippocampal sharp-wave ripple events

Single-units were recorded in hippocampus, septum, and striatum while freely behaving rats (n=3) ran trials in a T-maze task, and rested in a holding bucket between trials. During periods of motor inactivity, SWRs triggered excitatory responses from 28% (64/226) and inhibitory responses from 14% (31/226) of septal neurons. By contrast, only 4% (14/378) of striatal neurons were excited and 6% (24/378) were inhibited during SWRs. In both structures, SWR-responsive neurons exhibited greater spike coherence with hippocampal theta rhythm than neurons that did not respond to SWRs. In septum, neurons that were excited by SWRs fired at late phases of the theta cycle, whereas neurons that were inhibited by SWRs fired at early phases of the theta cycle. By contrast, SWR-responsive striatal neurons did not show consistent phase preferences during the theta cycle. A subset of SWR-responsive neurons in septum (55/95) and striatum (26/38) behaved as speed cells, with firing rates that were positively or negatively modulated by the rat9s running speed. In both structures, firing rates of most SWR-excited speed cells were positively modulated by running speed, whereas firing rates of most SWR-inhibited speed cells were negatively modulated by running speed. These findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence that SWRs can activate subcortical representations of motor actions in conjunction with hippocampal representations of places and states, which may be important for storing and retrieving values of state-action pairs during reinforcement learning and memory consolidation.
Testing the Stability of Plasma Protein and Whole Blood RNA in Archived Blood of Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta

Sample storage conditions can affect accuracy and reproducibility of biological measurements. Storing samples rapidly at the lowest available temperatures is considered ideal but is not always feas...
Practice in Color: Gisèle Freund in Paris

This essay examines the work of German-French photographer Gisele Freund during the interwar years, with special focus on her volte-face from black-and-white depictions of the collective subject of...
The Benefit of Hedgerow Access on the Health and Growth Rate of Pasture Raised Broiler Chickens

Pasture rearing is an increasingly common option for small farms to produce humanely raised poultry products for an expanding market, however profit margins tend to be much lower for pastured poultry producers than for those that opt for conventional indoor rearing. Research into simple methods to optimize the growth and health of pasture-raised poultry can help small farmers maximize meat yields and decrease the morbidity and mortality of their flock, ultimately leading to higher profit margins and improved animal welfare. The objective of this study was to measure how the inclusion of mature, native foliage into pastures can impact the production performance and overall health status of two different popular breeds of commercial broiler chickens; fast-growing Cornish cross and slower growing Red rangers. During the finisher phase (30-78 days old), pastured chickens were separated by breed into either a treatment population with access to a mature bordering hedgerow, or a control population without access to a hedgerow. Weekly weight gain, daily feed intake and basic hematologic values were used to evaluate differences in the production performance and health status between each population. We found that hedge access led to a significant improvement in the rate of gain of the Cornish cross without an associated increase in feed intake, suggesting that the addition of hedges can increase meat yields in fast-growing broilers without increasing feed costs. Red rangers with hedge access demonstrated an improved ability to neutralize bacterial pathogens in whole blood and a lesser degree of hemodilution compared to control populations, suggesting improved immune function and a lower degree of heat stress in these populations . We conclude that the addition of natural environmental enrichment such as mature foliage to grass pastures can lead to improved production performance in fast-growing broilers and improvements in the health and immune function of slower growing broiler chickens.
Memory and Forgetting in English Renaissance Drama: Shakespeare, Marlowe, Webster

Engaging debates over the nature of subjectivity in early modern England, this fascinating and original study examines sixteenth- and seventeenth-century conceptions of memory and forgetting, and their importance to the drama and culture of the time. Garrett A. Sullivan, Jr discusses memory and forgetting as categories in terms of which a variety of behaviours - from seeking salvation to pursuing vengeance to succumbing to desire - are conceptualized. Drawing upon a range of literary and non-literary discourses, represented by treatises on the passions, sermons, anti-theatrical tracts, epic poems and more, Shakespeare, Marlowe and Webster stage 'self-recollection' and, more commonly, 'self-forgetting', the latter providing a powerful model for dramatic subjectivity. Focusing on works such as Macbeth, Hamlet, Dr Faustus and The Duchess of Malfi, Sullivan reveals memory and forgetting to be dynamic cultural forces central to early modern understandings of embodiment, selfhood and social practice.
Effect of Glass on pH-Dependent Stability of Typhoid Vaccine

Vaccines made from the Ty-2 strain of Salmonella typhosa were tested periodically for stability of pH and of potency. The acetone-treated cultures prepared in buffered saline solutions retained potency beyond 30 months of storage at 0 to 5 C. Similar vaccines in unbuffered saline solutions lost potency coincident with increase of alkalinity. Vaccines packaged in United States Pharmacopeia borosilicate glass vials retained potency and pH stability, whereas those in Type III United States Pharmacopeia soda-lime glass vials were less stable.
HLA alleles and drug hypersensitivity reactions

The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system is well known for its association with certain diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, celiac disease and many others. More recently, severe and even fatal drug hypersensitivity reactions linked to particular HLA alleles have been discovered. The significance of these discoveries has led the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and its member state agencies to recommend HLA gene testing before initiation of drug treatment. To date, the following drugs have been identified as causing significant drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients who have the following HLA alleles: abacavir and HLA-B*57:01, carbamazepine and HLA-B*15:02/A*31:01 and finally allopurinol and HLA-B*58:01. This review will outline and discuss these three drugs and their associated HLA alleles as well as examine the pathogenesis of the drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Social support sources among older women with heart failure: continuity versus loss over time.

The extent to which older women with heart failure experienced continuity or loss of their support sources and the relationship between support source loss, perceived enacted support, and psychological well-being were examined in this study. In-home interviews were conducted with 57 older women who completed two interviews 18 months apart following a hospital admission for heart failure. Both the emotional and tangible support sources were quite stable, indicating that the predominant pattern is continuity for older women with heart failure. Loss of tangible support sources was related to a perception of receiving less tangible support and less positive affect. Implications for future research and nursing practice are discussed.
Seattle Heart Watch: initial clinical, circulatory and electrocardiographic responses to maximal exercise.

Abstract A network of 15 maximal exercise testing facilities in four teaching hospitals, 10 private offices and clinics and an industrial medical department was organized in July 1971 to study prospectively the antecedents of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Within 18 months 2,332 men were tested: 1,275 healthy “normal” subjects, 97 with prior myocardial infarction, 306 with angina pectoris, 193 with hypertension and 461 with various mutually exclusive combinations of these diagnoses; among these clinical groups were five patients who had had a prior episode of ventricular fibrillation. Historical, physical and laboratory data were recorded on self-teaching printed forms, with normal, borderline and abnormal responses arranged in three columns. Classification with respect to “unlikely,” “questionable” or “likely” risk of future cardiac events was assessed from the highest tally of items in these columns. Analysis showed computer-averaged S-T segment responses were more consistent and reliable predictors than visual interpretations. Cardiac manifestations in healthy men varled with age and risk assessment, and in patients with cardiovascular disease varied with diagnosis and natural history of disease. Many significant differences provided insights into mechanisms of impaired cardiac function in relation to type of clinical disease. Testing was responsible for one postexertional cardiac arrest. Recovery was effected promptly by defibrillation; there was no mortality.
Reading the body: the rhetoric of sex, identity and discipline in girls’ education

This essay focuses on key contemporary rhetoric, discourse, and practice directly speaking to or about adolescent girls. Using ethnographic work done at a southeastern all‐girls’ school, I examine the adolescent female body as a palimpsest, a rich and dense text subjected to and shaped by public rhetoric and pedagogical practice. I suggest that the identity of girl is made and remade by public rhetoric and pedagogic practice, always with various silences and elisions, always with shapes and disfigurements tolerated, so that the very texture of this identity, the adolescent female body, becomes a palimpsestic landscape, on which the original ‘girl’ is sought and modern versions are interpreted. I consider how public discourses on girls and girls’ bodies are significant in the production of girls' identities, practices surrounding the empowerment and education of girls, and the very debates that centralize the adolescent female body as one in need of protection and surveillance.
Formation and crystal and molecular structures of dioxouranium(VI) complexes containing bidentate carbamoylmethylphosphinate and phosphine oxide ligands

Abstract The ligands (C 6 H 5 )(C 2 H 5 O)P(O)CH 2 C(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ( 1 ) and (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P(O)CH 2 C(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ( 2 ) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the coordination complexes, UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 [(C 6 H 5 )(C 2 H 5 O)P(O)CH 2 C(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ] ( 3 ) and UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 P(O)CH 2 C(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ] ( 4 ), have been isolated and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods. A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 3 has been completed at 20 °C, and the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n with a = 13.141(3) A, b = 13.281(2) A, c = 13.918(3) », β= 116.79(2)°, Z = 4, V = 2168.5(8) A 3 , and ϱ calcd = 2.07 g×cm −3 . The structure was solved by heavy-atom methods and blocked least-squares refinement converged with R F = 0.048 and R wF = 0.046. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 4 has been performed at 26 °C and the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n with a = 11.155(3) A, b = 11.265(2) A, c = 20.317(5) A, β = 107.44(2)°, Z = 4, V = 2435.5(8) A 3 and ϱ calcd = 1.93 g×cm −3 . The structure was solved by heavy atom methods and blocked least-squares refinement converged with R F , = 0.035 and R wF = 0.029. The molecular structures contain linear UO2 2+ ions bonded to two bidentate nitrate ions and one bidentate carbamoylmethylphosphinate or phosphine oxide ligand. The structures of these complexes are compared with the structure of UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 [(i-C 3 H 7 O) 2 P(O)CH 2 C(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ].
Tiller Development in Salt‐Stressed Wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) grain yields are highly dependent upon the number of spike-bearing tillers produced per plant. Salinity, drought, and other environmental stresses can greatly affect the development and viability of tillers. We determined the effects of soil salinity on the occurrence and rate of tiller development and the incidence of tiller abortion in spring wheat cultivars, Anza and Yecora Rojo. Plants were grown in Pachappa fine sandy loam soil (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxeralf) in outdoor lysimeters. Three salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating with waters containing equal weights of NaCl and CaCl 2 (electrical conductivities of ≃ 1, 12, or 18 dS m −1 ). Salinity significantly decreased the number of primary and secondary tillers in both cultivars [...]
Detection of FeCN (X 4 Δ i) in IRC+10216: A new interstellar molecule

A new interstellar molecule, FeCN (X {sup 4}{Delta}{sub i} ), has been detected in the envelope of the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star, IRC+10216. This work is the first definitive detection of an iron-bearing molecule in the interstellar medium and is based on newly measured rest frequencies. Eight successive rotational transitions of this linear free radical in the lowest spin ladder, {Omega} = 7/2, were observed at 2 and 3 mm using the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 12 m telescope. Three transitions appear as single, unblended features at the 1-2 mK level and exhibit characteristic IRC+10216 line profiles; one had previously been observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Two other transitions are partially blended, but exhibit distinct emission at the FeCN frequencies. The remaining transitions are either completely contaminated, or are too high in energy. Comparison of the ARO and IRAM data suggests a source size for FeCN of {approx}30'' in IRC+10216, indicating an outer shell distribution, as expected for a free radical. The column density derived for FeCN is N{sub tot} = 8.6 x 10{sup 11} cm{sup -2} with a rotational temperature of T{sub rot} = 21 K. The fractional abundance of this molecule is [FeCN]/[H{sub 2}] {approx}more » 2-7 x 10{sup -10}-comparable to that of MgCN and KCN in IRC+10216. FeCN is likely formed by gas-phase reactions of Fe{sup +} or neutral iron; the latter has a significant gas-phase abundance in the outer shell. The detection of FeCN is further evidence that metal cyanides/isocyanides dominate the chemistry of refractory elements in IRC+10216.« less
Distinctive sequence organization and functional programming of an Alu repeat promoter.

Abstract Plasmid clones containing a human Alu family repeat can be transcribed efficiently by RNA polymerase III in HeLa cell extract. This generated three RNA species, all of which initiated from the first base (+1) of the repeat. By studying the transcriptional properties of deletion clones, subclones, and topologically different DNA templates, we demonstrated that: supercoiled DNA templates are transcribed 3- to 5-fold more efficiently than are linear or nicked circular DNA molecules; a contiguous DNA helix in the transcription complexes that extends into the 5' flanking region of positions -30 to -85 is absolutely required for initiation to occur (this interaction does not involve recognition of specific DNA sequences); and similar to the adenovirus VAI RNA and tRNA genes, the Alu repeat 3' to the alpha 1-globin gene (designated 3'-alpha 1 Alu) contains a split intragenic promoter: an anterior element (positions +4 to +37) and a posterior element (positions +70 to +82). However, the promoter of the Alu repeat functions in distinctive ways in comparison to those of other RNA polymerase III-dependent genes. The posterior promoter element alone is sufficient and necessary for an accurate initiation to occur. The presence of the anterior promoter element, which by itself does not initiate transcription, enhances the transcriptional efficiency by a factor of 10- to 20-fold. Furthermore, the distance between the initiation sites and the posterior promoter element, but not the anterior promoter element, remains constant. These results suggest that the promoter of this Alu family repeat consists of at least two functionally different domains: a "directing element" (the posterior promoter element) that determines the accuracy of initiation and an "enhancing element" (the anterior promoter element) that is mainly responsible for the transcriptional efficiency.
Telecommunications instruction in healthcare organizations: education or training?

This article reports the result of a nationwide survey of healthcare organizations about 1) the sources of telecommunications training, 2) the quality of the training provided by the various sources, and 3) the impact of the training on the perceived importance of telecommunications to the organizations. While self-instruction was the most common form of telecommunications training, sources external to the organizations were more widely used than in-house training. In particular, workshops, seminars and vendor-authorized training were more widely used than organizational sources, with training from educational institutions being used the least. The quality of training provided by workshops, seminars and vendor-supplied training was rated higher than the quality of training provided by educational institutions and organizational sources. Self-instruction was rated the lowest in quality. However, there is one bright spot for educational institutions. Individuals with telecommunications training from an educational institution rated the importance of telecommunications higher than individuals with training from other providers. It is anticipated that individuals who have received training at an educational institution have a clearer vision of the future and the potential benefits of telecommunications.
Synthesis of (−)-Brevioxime

Abstract The synthesis of (−)-Brevioxime and related JH biosynthesis inhibitor 1 was accomplished in nine steps from 3-hydroxypyrrolidine.
Cation ordering at fluoride sites in silicate glasses: a high-resolution 19F NMR study

Abstract High-resolution 19 F NMR, with sample spinning rates to 25 kHz, can provide quantitative, new information about the structure of fluoride sites in F-doped silicate glasses. Here we present results for sodium-, potassium-, calcium-, lanthanum- and mixed cation silicate glasses, containing 1–2 wt% F. In the end member compositions, most fluoride is in sites that are structurally similar to the corresponding simple metal fluoride, although a few percent of Si–F bonds can be detected in the sodium silicates. In the mixed cation glasses, partially resolved peaks are observed for series of distinct mixed cation coordination environments for fluoride. Fluoride ions seem to be preferentially bonded to higher field-strength modifier cations, but considerable disorder is present for all cation pairs (Na–K, Na–Ca, Na–La) studied.
Multiphase Ni–Cr–Al diffusion couples: A comparison of phase field simulations with experimental data

Abstract Microstructures in γ+β/γ diffusion couples made of Ni–Cr–Al alloys were investigated numerically in two dimensions using a phase field model. With experimental thermodynamic and mobility data from the literature as inputs, the model was used to predict the evolution of the precipitate morphology, the dissolution of the two-phase γ+β regions and the diffusion paths as functions of alloy composition The dissolution rates and diffusion paths obtained from the simulations were in general agreement with experimental data, although quantitative differences were found. Differences in the dissolution rates and diffusion paths could be directly related to differences in the predicted phase diagram and the phase diagram reported in the experimental study.
Stabilization of sulfuric acid dimers by ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine

This study experimentally explores how ammonia (NH3), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA) affect the chemical formation mechanisms of electrically neutral clusters that contain two sulfuric acid molecules (dimers). Dimers may also contain undetectable compounds, such as water or bases, that evaporate upon ionization and sampling. Measurements were conducted using a glass flow reactor which contained a steady flow of humidified nitrogen with sulfuric acid concentrations of 107 to 109 cm−3. A known molar flow rate of a basic gas was injected into the flow reactor. The University of Minnesota Cluster Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer was used to measure the resulting sulfuric acid vapor and cluster concentrations. It was found that, for a given concentration of sulfuric acid vapor, the dimer concentration increases with increasing concentration of the basic gas, eventually reaching a plateau. The base concentrations at which the dimer concentrations saturate suggest NH3 < MA < TMA ≲ DMA in forming stabilized sulfuric acid dimers. Two heuristic models for cluster formation by acid-base reactions are developed to interpret the data. The models provide ranges of evaporation rate constants that are consistent with observations and leads to an analytic expression for nucleation rates that is consistent with atmospheric observations.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY of HEATING CHARACTERISTICS and QUALITY ATTRIBUTES of PRODUCT PACKAGED IN the RETORT POUCH COMPARED WITH the CONVENTIONAL CAN

The advantages of using a retort pouch to replace the conventional metal can were investigated. Required processing times for equivalent volume packages subjected to either a still or agitated cook were compared for three products, and the resulting product quality was determined by evaluating Vitamin C content, color, and drained weight. Pureed pumpkin represented conduction heating products; peas in brine and pineapple in juice represented products using conduction/convection heating. It was found that pouches yield greatly reduced process times for conduction heating products. For particulates in a liquid medium, the agitated cooking of cans require less processing time than the thinner still-cooked pouches.
Cigarette and Cannabis Use Trajectories Among Adolescents in Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is common in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD). However, little is known about the relationship between cigarette and cannabis use trajectories in the context of treatment for both ADHD and SUD. To address this research gap, we report collateral analyses from a 16-week randomized, controlled trial (n = 303) of osmotic-release methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) in adolescents with ADHD concurrently receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) targeting non-nicotine SUD. Methods Participants completed cigarette and cannabis use self-report at baseline and throughout treatment. Analyses were performed to explore the relationships between cigarette smoking, cannabis use, and other factors, such as medication treatment assignment (OROS-MPH versus placebo). Results Baseline (pre-treatment) cigarette smoking was positively correlated with cannabis use. Negligible decline in cigarette smoking during treatment for non-nicotine SUD was observed in both medication groups. Regular cigarette and cannabis users at baseline who reduced their cannabis use by >50% also reduced cigarette smoking (from 10.8 ± 1.1 to 6.2 ± 1.1 cigarettes per day). Conclusions Findings highlight the challenging nature of concurrent cannabis and cigarette use in adolescents with ADHD, but demonstrate that changes in use of these substances during treatment may occur in parallel.
Detection of the ischemic penumbra using pH-weighted MRI

The classic definition of the ischemic penumbra is a hypoperfused region in which metabolism is impaired, but still sufficient to maintain cellular polarization. Perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI (PWI, DWI) can identify regions of reduced perfusion and cellular depolarization, respectively, but it often remains unclear whether a PWI-DWI mismatch corresponds to benign oligemia or a true penumbra. We hypothesized that pH-weighted MRI (pHWI) can subdivide the PWI-DWI mismatch into these regions. Twenty-one rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and ischemic evolution over the first 3.5 h post-occlusion was studied using multiparametric MRI. End point was the stroke area defined by T(2)-hyperintensity at 24 h. In the acute phase, areas of reduced pH were always larger than or equal to DWI deficits and smaller than or equal to PWI deficits. Group analysis showed that pHWI deficits during this phase coincided with the resulting infarct area at endpoint. Final infarcts were smaller than PWI deficits (range 65% to 90%, depending on the severity of the occlusion) and much larger than acute DWI deficits. These data suggest that the outer boundary of the hypoperfused area showing a decrease in pH without DWI abnormality may correspond to the outer boundary of the ischemic penumbra, while the hypoperfused region at normal pH may correspond to benign oligemia. These first results show that pHWI can provide information complementary to PWI and DWI in the delineation of ischemic tissue.