cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust Spectrum-Based Comparison of Multivariate Complex Random Signals

We consider the problem of comparing two complex multivariate random signal realizations, possibly contaminated with additive outliers, to ascertain whether they have identical power spectral densities. For clean data (i.e., known to be outlier free), a binary hypothesis testing formulation in frequency-domain, utilizing the estimated power spectral density matrices, has been proposed in the literature, and it results in a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). In this paper, we first present an alternative, principled derivation of the existing GLRT using the asymptotic distribution of a frequency-domain sufficient statistic, based on the discrete Fourier transform of the two signal realizations. In order to robustify this GLRT in the presence of additive outliers, we first exploit an existing robust estimator of multivariate scatter to detect the outliers, and subsequently, to clean the data. The existing GLRT is then applied to the cleaned signal realizations. The approach is illustrated through simulations. The considered problem has applications in diverse areas, including user authentication in wireless networks with multi-antenna receivers.
Imaging Patients with Breast and Prostate Cancers Using Combined 18F NaF/18F FDG and TOF simultaneous PET/ MRI

1416 Objectives We previously reported the pilot evaluation of a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner with TOF capability (1), as well as the use of combined 18F NaF/18F FDG PET/CT in cancer patients (2,3). Here we prospectively compared the combined 18F NaF/18F FDG PET/ MRI against 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy in patients with breast and prostate cancers. Methods 30 patients referred for 99mTc-MDP bone scans were prospectively enrolled from Oct 2014 to Jan 2016. The cohort included 23 men with prostate cancer and 7 women with breast cancer, 41 - 85 year-old (average 65 ± 11). 18F NaF (0.7-2.2 mCi, mean: 1.1 mCi) and 18F FDG (3.6-5.5 mCi, mean: 4.2 mCi) were subsequently injected from separate syringes. The PET/MRI was done 6-30 days (average 9.3 ± 3.2) after bone scan. The whole body MRI protocol consisted of MRAC, T2-weighted, DWI, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. Lesions detected with each test were tabulated and the results were compared. Results All patients tolerated the PET/MRI exam and PET image quality was diagnostic despite the marked reduction in the administered dosage of radiopharmaceuticals (80% less for 18F NaF and 67% less for 18F FDG compared to standard PET/CT protocols). 11 patientshad no bone metastases identified on either scans. Bone scintigraphy and PET/MRI showed osseous metastases in 16 patients, but more numerous bone findings were noted on PET/MRI than on bone scintigraphy in 8 of these patients. 1 patient had a negative bone scan, but bone metastases were seen on PET/MRI. Lesions outside the skeleton were identified by PET/MRI in 3 patients. Conclusions The combined 18F NaF/18F FDG PET/MRI is superior to 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy for evaluation of skeletal disease extent. Further, it detected extra-skeletal disease that may change the management of these patients, while allowing a significant reduction in radiation exposure from lower dosages of PET radiopharmaceuticals administered. 18F NaF/18F FDG PET/MRI appears well suited for detection of metastases in patients with breast and prostate cancers.
New cars on the highways: Trends in injuries and outcomes following ejection.

Abstract Background Although ejections from motor vehicles are considered a marker of a significant mechanism and a predictor of severe injuries and mortality, scant recent data exist to validate these outcomes. This study investigates whether ejections increase the mortality risk following a motor vehicle crash using data that reflect the introduction of new vehicles to the streets of a large city in the United States. Methods The Trauma and Emergency Medicine Information System of Los Angeles County was queried for patients ≥ 16 years old admitted following a motor vehicle crash between 2002 and 2012. Ejected patients were compared to nonejected. Primary outcome was mortality. A logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of mortality and severe trauma. Results A total of 9,742 (6.8%) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 449 (4.6%) were ejected; 368 (82.0%) were passengers and 81 (18.0%) were drivers. The rate of ejection decreased linearly (6.1% in 2002 to 3.4% in 2012). Compared to nonejected patients, ejected patients were more likely to require intensive care unit admission (43.7% vs 22.1%, P 25) (24.2% vs 7.3%, P 25) with adjusted odds ratio of 2.48 (P Conclusion Ejections following motor vehicle crash have decreased throughout the years; however, they remain a marker of critical injuries and predictive of mortality.
Louisa Pinkham Holt, Public Sociology and Racial Desegregation

The article examines the career of sociologist-social psychologist Louisa Pinkham Holt with particular emphasis on her expert testimony in the landmark racial desegregation case of Brown v. Topeka Board of Education. I provide some necessary background information on Louisa's upbringing, education and professional training that helps to contextualize and explain her testimony. I then describe some of the later consequences of her involvement in Brown v. Board, including a portrayal of her role in a popular film, and I sketch out the details of her subsequent, non-conforming professional career. I conclude that although Louisa is not widely remembered today, her expert testimony remains one of the most successful examples of "public sociology.
Animating Management: Nonlinear Simulation and Management Theory at Pixar:

Existing scholarship finds that early industrialized animation studios sought to emphasize the unpredictable liveliness of creativity at their studios, while also demonstrating their ability to con...
Cone-beam CT-derived relative stopping power map generation via deep learning for proton radiotherapy

Purpose In intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), protons are used to deliver highly conformal dose distributions, targeting tumors, and sparing organs-at-risk. However, due to uncertainties in both patient setup and relative stopping power (RSP) calculation, margins are added to the treatment volume during treatment planning, leading to higher doses to normal tissues. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are taken daily before treatment; however, the poor image quality of CBCT limits the use of these images for online dose calculation. In this work, we use a deep-learning-based method to predict RSP maps from daily CBCT images, allowing for online dose calculation in a step toward adaptive radiation therapy. Methods Twenty-three head-and-neck cancer patients were simulated using a Siemens TwinBeam dual-energy CT (DECT) scanner. Mixed-energy scans (equivalent to a 120 kVp single-energy CT scan) were converted to RSP maps for treatment planning. Cone-beam computed tomography images were taken on the first day of treatment, and the planning RSP maps were registered to these images. A deep learning network based on a cycle-GAN architecture, relying on a compound loss function designed for structural and contrast preservation, was then trained to create an RSP map from a CBCT image. Leave-one-out and holdout cross validations were used for evaluation, and mean absolute error (MAE), mean error (ME), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) were used to quantify the differences between the CT-based and CBCT-based RSP maps. The proposed method was compared to a deformable image registration-based method which was taken as the ground truth and two other deep learning methods. For one patient who underwent resimulation, the new planning RSP maps and CBCT images were used for further evaluation and validation. Results The CBCT-based RSP generation method was evaluated on 23 head-and-neck cancer patients. From leave-one-out testing, the MAE between CT-based and CBCT-based RSP was 0.06 ± 0.01 and the ME was -0.01 ± 0.01. The proposed method statistically outperformed the comparison DL methods in terms of MAE and ME when compared to the planning CT. In terms of dose comparison, the mean gamma passing rate at 3%/3 mm was 94% when three-dimensional (3D) gamma index was calculated per plan and 96% when gamma index was calculated per field. Conclusions The proposed method provides sufficiently accurate RSP map generation from CBCT images, allowing for evaluation of daily dose based on CBCT and possibly allowing for CBCT-guided adaptive treatment planning for IMPT.
The scanning electron microscope

The scanning electron microscope combines the techniques of the cathode-ray tube and the conventional electron microscope?both considered indispensable to modern technology. The SEM, which presents a picture having a distinct three-dimensional appearance, is finding application in the examination of wood fibers in connection with paper manufacture, of surfaces undergoing ionic bombardment, and of corrosion. At the present time, one of the most pressing problems is to reduce its total cost.
An aggressive presentation of aquaporin-4 neuromyelitis spectrum disorder in a 2-year-old girl: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. (1413)

Objective: We describe a case of an unusually early and severe manifestation of an Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) in a young child with refractory disease course despite aggressive immunotherapy. Background: NMOSD is an autoimmune condition primarily involving the optic nerve and spinal cord. It typically presents in the fourth decade of life. However, approximately 3 percent of cases are seen in children with mean onset in the pediatric group reported around 10–12 years of age. Clinical presenting features in pediatric patients include optic neuritis and myelitis, and can include fevers, malaise, narcolepsy, and seizures as well. Design/Methods: N/A Results: A 2-year-old girl who came in with 2 days of progressive left hand weakness and abnormal gait, following a week of flu symptoms. Her neuroimaging was notable for abnormalities in the dorsal medulla and longitudinally extensive myelitis (from high cervical to T8) with normal optic nerves. Her CSF was significant for elevated protein with normal oligoclonal bands and IGG index. She was started on a 5 days course of methylprednisolone and her gait and hand weakness improved. Further investigation revealed her serum AQP-4 antibody to be at 1:100,000. She has since had multiple exacerbations, including bilateral optic neuritis, optic chiasm and hypothalamus involvement, brain lesions, and cord edema despite being on rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil. Deficits from each attack responded favorably to corticosteroids and PLEX. We are now planning to add on tocilizumab to mycophenolate mofetil in hopes of controlling her very active disease. Conclusions: Our case highlights the challenges in establishing and managing AQP-4 NMOSD in the very young child. As the bulk of disability related to the disease is accrued from incomplete recovery from relapses, it is imperative to recognize and intervene at the earliest manifestations of disease, both with acute therapies and long-term immunosuppressive regimens to prevent further exacerbations. Disclosure: Dr. Rashid Khan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose.
A rapid screening technique for the detection of spermatozoa.

Phase contrast microscopy has been used for some time to search for and identify spermatozoa. An enhancement to the technique using xylene in conjunction with phase contrast microscopy is discussed. The method has been found to save time by allowing identification of spermatozoa with xylene-enhanced phase contrast microscopy in many cases that would have been unsuccessful using the normal “dry” phase contrast microscopy techniques. This eliminates a staining and reexamination step.
Impact of continental motion and dynamic glaciations on low-latitude climate during the Carboniferous: The record of the Wyoming Shelf (Western United States)

Abstract The dynamic character of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age is evident from glacial deposits, but its impact on tropical climate is not well constrained. Global changes in climate are overprinted on longer-term paleogeographic variations, resulting in a complex time–space distribution of climate-sensitive lithologies. The significance of such lithologies in Carboniferous successions of the western United States has not been fully explored. In this study, we provide new interpretations for the paleoclimatic context of the Amsden and Tensleep Formations (Pennsylvanian, Northern Wyoming, USA). The Amsden Formation consists of a basal sandstone member overlain by red siltstones containing pisolites. Very large-scale (~ 10 m) cross-bedding within the basal sandstone indicates deposition in an erg environment. Iron pisoid-rich layers in the overlying member suggest an evolution toward more humid conditions. Persistent arid conditions during the middle Pennsylvanian are suggested by eolian sandstones and calcretes in the overlying Tensleep Formation. These formations were deposited on the karst topography that developed on top of the lower to middle Mississippian Madison Group. Although the development of karstic features implies that humid conditions prevailed during the late Mississippian, evaporites and evidence for early dolomitization within the formation suggest that it was deposited under arid conditions. These relationships argue for a long-term climate evolution from arid to humid during the Mississippian, and a return to arid conditions during the Pennsylvanian. This trend can be explained by the northward drift from ~ 15°S to ~ 12°N. A comparison with contemporaneous records reveals a diachronous evolution across western Pangaea, with the climatic conditions documented on the Wyoming Shelf being reached later in eastern North America. These relationships indicate that plate motion considerably overprints long-term climatic records. Departures from this trend, suggested by the presence of erg deposits in the basal Amsden Formation, record the overprinting of shorter periods of climate change.
Is the American dream dead? Inequality, mobility and entrepreneurship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to question the frequently heard claims of a negative relationship between inequality and intergenerational mobility (such as the “Great Gatsby Curve” by Alan Krueger) and to propose entrepreneurship as the neglected prime countervailing force against the putative advantages of the rich. Design/methodology/approach – A critical examination of evidences marshalled to support the case for a negative relationship between inequality and mobility, in terms of the appropriateness of statistical inferences and the consistency between implications and observations. The paper adopts alternative approach of Austrian economic in emphasizing the role of entrepreneurship in generating mobility. Findings – The putative negative relationship between inequality and mobility is not supported by evidence. The result is partly that egalitarians tend to skip close examination when they run into evidence that seems to support their preconception. It is also partly that the dominant tradi...
Lightning: Artificial initiation (triggering) of lightning by ground-based activity

Triggering lightning at will, at a predetermined place and time, is the old Promethean dream which seems related more to legend than to science. P. Hubert (1984) Introduction This chapter is concerned primarily with the artificial initiation (triggering) of lightning discharges from natural thunderclouds by means of the “rocket-and-wire” technique. This technique involves the launching of a small rocket that extends a thin wire (either grounded or ungrounded) into the gap between the ground and a charged cloud overhead. Additionally, other types of ground-based activity used to trigger lightning will be briefly reviewed. We limit the use of the term “triggered lightning” to those discharges intentionally stimulated to occur by ground-based activity, the energy source being a naturally electrified cloud. Laboratory discharges between metallic electrodes, which are often used to simulate lightning effects and whose length can reach some tens and even hundreds of meters (e.g., Anisimov et al. 1988; Mrazek 1998) and discharges of up to 3 m length produced using artificially charged aerosol clouds (e.g., Vereshchagin et al. 1989, 1996; Antsupov et al. 1990, 1991) draw their energy from man-made sources and therefore are not considered here. Upward lightning discharges between a stationary, ground-based object (usually of large height) and a naturally electrified cloud, which are sometimes (e.g., Pierce 1974) referred to as triggered lightning, are considered in Chapter 6.
Processing effects on the mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys

Tungsten heavy alloys exhibit significant mechanical property sensitivities to the fabrication variables. These sensitivities are illustrated in this examination of vacuum sintering and the effects of composition, sintering temperature, and sintering time on the mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys. Measurements were conducted to assess the density, strength, hardness, and elongation dependencies. A detrimental aspect of vacuum sintering is matrix phase evaporation, although vacuum sintering does eliminate the need for postsintering heat treatments.
Antimicrobial peptides in periodontal innate defense

The development of oral biofilms and the host response to biofilm bacteria and their toxins are important factors in the development of periodontal disease. An early component of the host response is the secretion of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) by salivary glands, oral epithelial cells and neutrophils. Over 45 AMPs have been identified in the oral cavity. All are found in saliva and several are also present in gingival crevicular fluid. Of these, 13 are up regulated in periodontal disease while 11 are downregulated. However, the concentrations of most AMPs found in oral fluids are below the effective in vitro concentrations, suggesting that local concentrations must be higher for effect or that additional biological functions are important in the oral cavity. Thus, in addition to direct antibacterial activity (e.g. bactericidal activity, bacterial agglutination), AMPs may affect the course of periodontal disease by inactivating bacterial or host proteases (e.g. secretory leukoprotease inhibitor) or bind bacterial toxins, including lipopolysaccharides (e.g. LL-37). Several AMPs (e.g. defensins) also act as immune system alarmins, i.e. endogenous mediators that recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses. The differential regulation of AMP expression in periodontal disease suggests that AMP panels, including up- and downregulated proteins, can be used in oral fluid diagnosis of periodontal disease and to monitor treatment outcome.
Rent Control And Its Reform In China

Rent controls still exist in mainland China and Western countries, and will continue for the foreseeable future. In China, rent controls have resulted in severe housing shortages, poor management and maintenance of the housing stock, and an increasingly heavy financial burden on the state. China has been reforming government rental housing for the last two decades, increasing rents and phasing out government subsidies, promoting home ownership and house commercialization. Western countries have been adjusting their rent-control and housing-subsidy policies over the last three decades.
Classifying EEG data into different memory loads across subjects

In this paper we consider the question of whether it is possible to classify n-back EEG data into different memory loads across subjects. To capture relevant information from the EEG signal we use three types of features: power spectrum, conditional entropy, and conditional mutual information. In order to reduce irrelevant and misleading features we use a feature selection method that maximizes mutual information between features and classes and minimizes redundancy among features. Using a selected group of features we show that all classifiers can successfully generalize to the new subject for bands 1-40Hz and 1-60Hz. The classification rates are statistically significant and the best classification rates, close to 90%, are obtained using conditional entropy features.
Magnetism and superconductivity in Ce 2 RhIn 8

We report the discovery of pressure-induced superconductivity, with ${T}_{c}=2\mathrm{K},$ in the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{RhIn}}_{8},$ where superconductivity and magnetic order coexist over an extended pressure interval. A T-linear resistivity in the normal state, accessed by an applied magnetic field, does not appear to derive from the existence of a two-dimensional quantum-critical spin-density wave.
IN THE AFTERMATH OF TROXEL V. GRANVILLE

While the Court in Troxel v. Granville opines about the problems litigation creates, that of both expense and intrusion into the lives of families in the midst of grandparent visitation disputes, the Court decision falls short of posing a solution. The focus of this note is to propose a standard for mediation as a viable alternative to traditional litigation in such cases. The hope is that mediation will serve the best interests of the child.
Affirming Baptism: Recommendations for Pastors and Teachers Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities

This article offers a conceptual and practical guide for catechists in preparing adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities for public confession of faith in a Christian congregation. Conscious of and committed to a Lutheran theological perspective and liturgical tradition, the author hopes that Lutherans and non-Lutherans alike will find it a helpful guide in their own catechetical efforts.
Cytogenetic analysis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

Abstract Cytogenetic analysis of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a fibrosarcomatous component revealed the following chromosomal complement: 47,XX,i(1)(q10),add(6)(q13),+7,+8,t(10;22) (p11.2;q11.2),+14,−15,−17,add(19)(q13.4). Chromosome studies of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma are sparse. Three of the anomalies in the present study are similar to those previously described in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.
Neuronal alterations in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A Golgi study

Neuronal alterations in the cortex of hamsters with experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) were studied utilizing the rapid Golgi and Golgi-Hortega methods. In terminally ill hamsters many pyramidal neurons showed a considerable decrease in the number of dendritic spines often with moderate irregularities in size. The shafts of apical dendrites in some cortical pyramidal neurons were tortuous. Occasional neuronal cell bodies were irregular in contour and showed hole-like empty spaces. Two types of focal swellings, which involved both axons and dendrites, were observed; focal swellings were either semitranslucent or darkly impregnated. Possible mechanisms for the pathogenesis of the semitranslucent and dark swellings are discussed. The neuronal changes showed no preponderance for a particular neuronal group or for selective segments of individual neurons.
Hock immunization: A humane alternative to mouse footpad injections

Footpad injection is a commonly used immunization method in mice. Being relatively easy to do with well-characterized lymphatic drainage, it has become a very useful immunization protocol to study local immune responses in draining lymph nodes. However, its disadvantages include use of only hind feet as a routine site of immunization since mice use their fore feet for food handling, and exacerbation of inflammation and swelling at the injection site leading to unrelieved pain and distress since feet are weight-bearing structures. With increasingly stringent Institutional guidelines for animal manipulations, there is increasing need for more humane protocols. A novel immunization protocol involving injection into the hock, the lateral tarsal region just above the ankle, a non-weight bearing structure draining to the same lymph node as the footpad, retains the advantages of footpad immunization without its drawbacks. This study, comparing immune responses between footpad and hock immunization in six different inbred mouse strains to two different protein antigens and a heat-killed bacterium, shows that hock immunization is a better alternative to footpad immunization, inducing comparable immune responses and being considerably more humane.
Factors associated with age of diagnosis among children with autism spectrum disorders.

Objective. Early diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is critical but often delayed until school age. Few studies have identified factors that may delay diagnosis. This study attempted to identify these factors among a community sample of children with ASD. Methods. Survey data were collected in Pennsylvania from 969 caregivers of children who had ASD and were younger than 21 years regarding their service experiences. Linear regression was used to identify clinical and demographic characteristics associated with age of diagnosis. Results. The average age of diagnosis was 3.1 years for children with autistic disorder, 3.9 years for pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, and 7.2 years for Asperger9s disorder. The average age of diagnosis increased 0.2 years for each year of age. Rural children received a diagnosis 0.4 years later than urban children. Near-poor children received a diagnosis 0.9 years later than those with incomes >100% above the poverty level. Children with severe language deficits received a diagnosis an average of 1.2 years earlier than other children. Hand flapping, toe walking, and sustained odd play were associated with a decrease in the age of diagnosis, whereas oversensitivity to pain and hearing impairment were associated with an increase. Children who had 4 or more primary care physicians before diagnosis received a diagnosis 0.5 years later than other children, whereas those whose pediatricians referred them to a specialist received a diagnosis 0.3 years sooner. Conclusion. These findings suggest improvements over time in decreasing the age at which children with ASD, especially higher functioning children, receive a diagnosis. They also suggest a lack of resources in rural areas and for near-poor families and the importance of continuous pediatric care and specialty referrals. That only certain ASD-related behaviors, some of which are not required to satisfy diagnostic criteria, decreased the age of diagnosis suggests the importance of continued physician education.
Dispersive measurements of superconducting qubit coherence with a fast latching readout

The ``quantronium'' is a superconducting qubit consisting of a split Cooper pair box in which a large tunnel junction is inserted. This circuit has a special bias point where the Larmor frequency is, to first order, insensitive to fluctuations in the bias parameters---the charge of the box island and the phase of the large junction. At this optimal working point, the state of the qubit can be determined by dispersive measurements that probe the second derivative of the state energy with respect to these bias parameters. We use the quantronium phase degree of freedom to perform a nonlinear, dispersive measurement of its inductive response using bifurcation amplification. This dispersive readout projects the state of the qubit in a few nanoseconds, and its latching property allows us to record the resulting information in a few hundred nanoseconds. We have measured, using this technique, Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes with an improved signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. The speed of this readout scheme also opens the door for a class of experiments that would characterize the relaxation processes associated with the measurement protocol.
The nociceptive withdrawal reflex does not adapt to joint position change and short-term motor practice

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex is a protective mechanism to mediate interactions within a potentially dangerous environment. The reflex is formed by action-based sensory encoding during the early post-natal developmental period, and it is unknown if the protective motor function of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in the human upper-limb is adaptable based on the configuration of the arm or if it can be modified by short-term practice of a similar or opposing motor action. In the present study, nociceptive withdrawal reflexes were evoked by a brief train of electrical stimuli applied to digit II, 1) in five different static arm positions and, 2) before and after motor practice that was opposite (EXT) or similar (FLEX) to the stereotyped withdrawal response, in 10 individuals. Withdrawal responses were quantified by the electromyography (EMG) reflex response in several upper limb muscles, and by the forces and moments recorded at the wrist. EMG onset latencies and response amplitudes were not significantly different across the arm positions or between the EXT and FLEX practice conditions, and the general direction of the withdrawal response was similar across arm positions. In addition, the force vectors were not different after practice in either the practice condition or between EXT and FLEX conditions. We conclude the withdrawal response is insensitive to changes in elbow or shoulder joint angles as well as remaining resistant to short-term adaptations from the practice of motor actions, resulting in a generalized limb withdrawal in each case. It is further hypothesized that the multisensory feedback is weighted differently in each arm position, but integrated to achieve a similar withdrawal response to safeguard against erroneous motor responses that could cause further harm. The results remain consistent with the concept that nociceptive withdrawal reflexes are shaped through long-term and not short-term action based sensory encoding.
Dyslipidemia: Management Using Optimal Lipid-Lowering Therapy

Objective:To evaluate current approaches and explore emerging research related to dyslipidemia management.Data Sources:MEDLINE (2004-April 2012) was searched for randomized controlled trials using the terms dyslipidemia and lipid-lowering therapy or statin (>1000 hits). Separate searches (MEDLINE, Google) identified meta-analyses (2010–2011), disease prevalence statistics, and current consensus guidelines (2004–July 2011). Additional references were identified from the publications reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:English-language articles on large multi-center trials were evaluated.Data Synthesis:National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines for the reduction of cardiovascular risk recommend the attainment of specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) target values, based on an individual's 10-year risk of coronary heart disease or global risk. For most patients unable to achieve recommended lipid...
Renormalization on the n-dimensional torus

The authors give a technique for renormalization of any homeomorphism of the n-torus topologically conjugate to a rotation, and describe a related coding method for orbits of such maps.
The Mating Behavior of Byrsotria Fumigata (Guérin) (Blattidae, Blaberinae) 1)

In this paper, the first of a series dealing with the mating behavior of cockroaches, the mating behavior of a single species, Byrsotria fumigata, is described in some detail. This species was chosen for first consideration because, among the species studied, it exhibits the basic pattern of cockroach mating behavior in its simplest form with few additions or modifications. Thus, its behavior may be used subsequently as a standard of comparison for that of other species. The pattern as it occurs in this species can be summarized as follows. The primary releaser of the male's courting behavior is the volatile sex attractant or sex pheromone produced by virgin females. Upon perceiving the pheromone, the male shows an alert posture with antennal waving and then rapid locomotion oriented in the general direction of the pheromone source. Antennal contact with the body of a female or the surface of an object impregnated with pheromone releases gentle bumping of the pronotum against the object and wing pumping in a vertical plane. If the female is receptive the pair orient for antennal fencing. The male then raises his wings to the vertical position and simultaneously turns 180 degrees so that he faces away from the female. The female then moves forward straddling the male's abdomen while the male, upon receiving tactile stimulation at the tip of his abdomen, moves backward. The female makes feeding motions with her mouthparts over the dorsal surface of the male's abdomen concentrating on the region of the first abdominal tergite though there appears to be no discreet tergal gland located here as found in various other species. Genital connection is effected in the female-superior position but then the female turns 180 degrees so that the pair assumes an opposed position for the remainder of copulation. Observations were also made on homosexual and pseudofemale behavior among males. Spontaneous courtship among males isolated from females is relatively rare but may be greatly enhanced by placing a source of female sex pheromone in the container of males. A comparison is made between male-male courtship sequences and male-female ones. In addition to the observations of mating behavior, a number of experiments undertaken to elucidate the roles of chemical and tactile stimuli as releasers of the various stages of the mating behavior sequence are described. It was found that, while the female sex pheromone is the primary releaser of the male's courtship behavior, tactile stimulation is required to release some of the later stages of the sequence, particularly the full wing-raising display, and the backing movements and copulatory thrusts of the male.
Multimedia content creation using societal-scale ubiquitous camera networks and human-centric wearable sensing

We present a novel approach to the creation of user-generated, documentary video using a distributed network of sensor-enabled video cameras and wearable on-body sensor devices. The wearable sensors are used to identify the subjects in view of the camera system and label the captured video with real-time human-centric social and physical behavioral information. With these labels, massive amounts of continually recorded video can be browsed, searched, and automatically stitched into cohesive multimedia content. This system enables naturally occurring human behavior to drive and control a multimedia content creation system in order to create video output that is understandable, informative, and/or enjoyable to its human audience. The collected sensor data is further utilized to enhance the created multimedia content such as by using the data to edit and/or generate audio score, determine appropriate pacing of edits, and control the length and type of audio and video transitions directly from the content of the captured media. We present the design of the platform, the design of the multimedia content creation application, and the evaluated results from several live runs of the complete system.
An actor—Partner interdependence model of the Dark Triad and aggression in couples

The Dark Triad traits—Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism—form a set of personality strategies that serve to exploit and manipulate others. Although the Dark Triad traits and their correlates have been studied in individuals, little is known about their role in young adult couples in dating relationships, or how these traits relate to individual differences in aggression. To these ends, we had 44 heterosexual dating undergraduate couples (88 participants) self-report trait measures of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Jonason & Webster, 2010) and measures of direct and displaced trait aggression. Using a series of actor–partner interdependence models showed that men’s psychopathy positively related to women’s hostility and physical aggression. Women’s psychopathy positively related to their own verbal and displaced aggression, and men’s anger rumination. Men’s Machiavellianism positively related to women’s displaced aggression. Men’s narcissism positively related to their own revenge planning. We discuss possible implications for intimate partner violence.
Fiber-Bragg-grating-based weigh-in-motion system using fiber-reinforced composites as the load-supporting material

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based weigh-in-motion (WIM) system is introduced in order to achieve a better performance compared with the existing WIM systems. This novel WIM system uses the fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) as the load-supporting material in combination with the FBG technology. The sensor is designed as a multiply FRC laminate with the FBG embedded inside it. A theoretical model is developed to analyze the mechanism of this WIM system. Both static and dynamic tests are conducted to verify the system performance. With the extraordinary mechanical properties of the FRC, this novel WIM system has achieved larger dynamic range and higher sensitivity than prior works. The simple design of the system also reduces the engineering difficulties and overall costs.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of incomplete St. Jude's bileaflet valvular closure after mitral valve replacement with subvalvular preservation.

A 25-year-old male presented with severe anterior mitral leaflet prolapse secondary to a torn cord. The mitral annulus measured 45 mm. A 33-mm St. Jude’s bileaflet mechanical prosthesis was placed with preservation of the native anterior and posterior leaflets; however, a large intravalvular regurgitant jet was subsequently noted on TEE, associated with loitering of the medial aspect of the native anterior leaflet within the valvular apparatus. The jet resolved following resection of the putative valvular tissue (Figs. 1 and 2). European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 24 (2003) 298 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts
Detection of inconspicuous epiphytic algae supporting food webs in seagrass meadows

Detritus from common seagrasses and other marine angiosperms may often be a less important basis for estuarine food webs than previously believed. In NW Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows, epiphytic algae have high productivities, palatability, and a more important trophic role than common large plants have. Interdisciplinary field experiments show (1) intensive night-time ingestion of epiphytes by various invertebrate “detritivores”, (2) very high productivity of epiphytic algae on seagrasses, and (3) assimilation of epiphytes rather than seagrasses, as measured by δ13C comparisons. These combined data show that many naturally concentrated and potentially competing invertebrates in Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows feed largely on the algal overgrowth on seagrass blades, even when such algae appear to be sparse. Primary productivity of these epiphytic algae can equal that of the seagrasses, per blade or per unit biomass. Animal δ13C values tracked epiphytic values rather than seagrass values when comparisons were made over six sites. These measurements reinforce the view that epiphytic algae can be the primary basis of the food web in seagrass meadows.
New optically stimulated luminescence ages provide evidence of MIS3 and MIS2 eolian activity on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA

Abstract Eolian deposition on the semiarid southern Colorado Plateau has been attributed to episodic aridity during the Quaternary Period. However, OSL ages from three topographically controlled (e.g. falling) dunes on Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona indicate that eolian sediments there were deposited in deep tributary valleys as early as 35–30 ka, with most sand deposited before 20 ka. In contrast, the oldest OSL ages for sand sheets fall within the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition (~ 12–8 ka). Thus most eolian sediment accumulated on Black Mesa under climatic conditions that were in general cooler, moister, and more variable than today, not more arid, pointing to a considerable increase in sediment supply.
The effects of temperature and synaptic blockade in vitro on neurons of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca in the rat basal forebrain

Abstract We studied the thermosensitivity of neurons in the rat horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) in vitro under normal conditions and under conditions of a low calcium/high magnesium synaptic blockade (SB). Of 52 HDB neurons tested, 34 neurons (65%) were warm-sensitive (WS), three neurons (6%) were cold-sensitive (CS), 11 neurons (21%) were temperature-insensitive (TI) and four additional neurons (8%) were both warm- and cold-sensitive (WS/CS). Of 34 neurons tested for thermosensitivity under SB, 11 were WS, 4 were CS and 19 were TI. Nearly half (48%) of the WS neurons maintained warm sensitivity under SB, 43% became TI and 9% became CS. Baseline firing rates of neurons significantly decreased during SB and then increased during recovery from SB. In addition, a distinct anatomical distribution of thermosensitive neurons was found in the HDB. The most ventral aspect of the HDB (interaural +0.9–1.3 mm) had proportionally fewer temperature sensitive neurons (65% vs. 88%) than areas more dorsal (interaural +1.3–1.7 mm), and only one of seven ventral HDB neurons (14%) remained thermosensitive during SB. In the dorsal HDB, 65% of the neurons maintained thermosensitivity during SB. These results demonstrate that the HDB contains inherently thermosensitive neurons, and that a difference in thermal characteristics exists between the ventral and dorsal HDB neurons.
Tennessee Williams' "Suddenly Last Summer" and Euripides' "Bacchae"

Tennessee Williams’ 1958 play (and subsequent film) Suddenly Last Summer resonates strongly with many of the themes and plot details of Euripides' Bacchae. Much of the action in both plays turns on the consequences of a perverse sexuality born of repression (manifested among other ways as a disturbing sexual connection between mother and son). Other shared themes include the son's search for a god he sees as a Destroyer, the irresistible pull of eros, the consequences of the psychological fragmentation of an individual, the struggle between those who seek to reveal truth and those who are determined to conceal it, and the participation of a mother in the destruction of her own child. Each male protagonist is pursued, ripped apart, and consumed by the members of a community he sexually infiltrated. The truth about each sparagmos (rending) and omophagia (raw-eating) is uncovered in similar scenes between “psychotherapist” and amnesia victim. But while the truth brings destruction to each murdered man's mother, only in Suddenly Last Summer is anyone saved by the awful revelation.
Turning of Hardened Steels

Abstract An investigation is reported of the face turning process for machining a hardened bearing steel using CBN cutting tools. Studies were made of the specific energy, the chips generated, the tool inserts used, and the machined surfaces. The specific cutting energy was found to be directly related to the maximum undeformed chip thickness, which is attributed to the plowing at the engaged cutting edge. Most of the chips generated were saw-toothed, which can account for the relatively large chip area ratios measured. The measured surface roughness and the ratio of 10 point to arithmetic average roughness, Rz/Ra, were comparable to their predicted ideal values for rougher surfaces with larger feeds, but the values tended to become progressively bigger for smoother surfaces with smaller feeds. The incidence of white layer generation decreased with a sharp tool at faster cutting speeds.
A Normal Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Two Arylmethylamino-Propanediols (Amaps), Crisnatol and 773U82 in Plasma

Abstract A normal phase HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of two potential antitumor agents, crisnatol and 773U82 in plasma samples. The assay procedures for both compounds are essentially the same. The assay uses a silica column and UV detection. The mobile phase consists of dichloromethane: methanol: perchloric acid (95:5:0.02). The plasma sample is extracted with chloroform: methanol (9:1) after potassium hydroxide basification. The reproducibility of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of spiked samples containing 5–1000 ng/ml. Application of the assay to analysis of crisnatol and 773U82 in plasma samples is demonstrated by measurement of the concentrations obtained from patients in Phase I clinical studies.
Carbon Overcoat Loss From the Surface of a Heat Assisted Magnetic Storage Disk due to Laser Irradiation

A pump-probe experimental technique that incorporated a 527nm wavelength pump laser and a 476nm probe laser was applied to a magnetic storage disk having a magnetic layer comprised of a FePt alloy and coated with a hydrogenated carbon overcoat (COC). The pump laser power was systematically increased while sweeping the applied field with an electromagnet to observe the temperature dependent magnetization, which is proportional to the change in the polarization of the reflected beam. In this way the laser power required to heat the media to the Curie temperature (Tc) was determined, with the Curie temperature of the media determined from a separate magnetometry measurement. Such a single point laser power-to-media temperature calibration allowed the determination of the media temperature over a small laser power range near Tc. The carbon over-coated FePt media was then irradiated for varying durations at temperatures pertinent to a Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) device [1]. The COC surface topography and carbon bonding structure within each irradiated zone was probed with AFM and micro-spot Raman. A subtle, systematic temperature and duration dependent change in the COC was observed. With increasing temperature and duration, the Raman D-peak became increasingly pronounced, signaling an increase of the sp2 (disorder) content in the film in the irradiated region. At incrementally higher temperatures, the loss of the carbon overcoat becomes apparent as a shallow depression in the COC film in the irradiated area. A clearer picture of the possible sensitivity and kinetics of the loss of COC on the HAMR media surface was obtained by measuring its loss over a range of irradiation temperatures and durations. The activation energy and COC loss rate were obtained and a possible mechanism for COC failure-loss was discussed within the bounds of the operating HAMR device [2].© 2013 ASME
More Trouble with Tracing

Theories of moral responsibility rely on tracing principles to account for derivative moral responsibility. Manuel Vargas has argued that such principles are problematic. To show this, he presents cases where individuals are derivatively blameworthy for their conduct, but where there is no suitable earlier time to which their blameworthiness can be traced back. John Martin Fischer and Neal Tognazzini have sought to resolve this problem by arguing that blameworthiness in these scenarios can be traced back, given the right descriptions of these agents’ later conduct. I contend that this strategy may succeed against Vargas’s particular examples, but that it fails to resolve the larger problem. After clarifying some key issues about derivative responsibility and tracing principles, I develop a case that isn’t amenable to Fischer and Tognazzini’s treatment. I then suggest the outlines of a compromise solution to the problem for tracing principles.
Sub-shot-noise measurement with fiber-squeezed optical pulses.

A novel scheme employing two pulses separated by a short time delay is used to cancel the phase noise from guided-acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering in a fiber ring interferometer. The dual-pulse-excited fiber ring is used to generate squeezed vacuum that, when injected into a measuring Mach–Zehnder interferometer, improves its sensitivity by 3 dB beyond the shot-noise limit.