cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High power diffraction-limited reactive-ion-etched unstable resonator diode lasers

Several techniques have recently been examined for fabricating unstable resonator diode lasers, namely reactive-ion-etching (RIE) and ion-beam-milling to create curved cavity mirrors, epitaxial regrowth to effect divergent lenses within the gain stripe, and cavity micro-heating to thermally induce index change. Of these, the last three approaches have demonstrated nearly diffraction-limited output at high powers, but to our knowledge, such ideal characteristics have not been realized with the highly manufacturable RIE process. We have fabricated wide-stripe unstable resonators using RIE and have measured M2 beam quality values nearly equivalent to those obtainable from narrow-stripe diode lasers.
SU-F-I-70: Investigation of Gafchromic EBT3 Film Energy Dependence Using Proton, Photon, and Electron Beams

Purpose: To investigate the energy dependence of Gafchromic EBT3 film over a range of clinically used proton, photon and electron energies. Methods: Proton beam energies of 117 and 204 MeV, corresponding respectively to ranges in water of 10 cm and 27 cm from a Mevion S250 double scatter system unit were used. Electron energies of 6 and 20 MeV and photon energies of 6 and 18 MV from a Varian Clinac 21EX Linac were used. Two pieces of film (5×5 cm2) were irradiated sequentially for doses of 100, 500, and 1000 cGy for all energies and modalities. Films were placed on the central beam axis for a 10×10 cm2 field size in the middle of spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) for proton and in respective dmax for photon and electron energies. Films were scanned on a flatbed Epson Expression 10000 XL scanner on the central region of the scanning window using 48-bit, 300 dpi, and landscape orientation after 48 hours post-irradiation of film to account for optical density (OD) stabilization. Film analysis of the red channel was performed using ImageJ 1.48v (National Institutes of Health). Results: The energy dependency of EBT3 among all energies and modalities for all doses studied was small within measurement uncertainties (1σ = ± 4.1%). The mean net OD in red channel for films receiving the same dose in the same energy modality had standard deviations within 0.9% for photons, 4.9% for electrons and 1.8% for protons. It was observed that film pieces were activated during proton irradiation, e.g., 7 mR/hr at surface after 30 minutes of irradiation, lasting for 2 hours post irradiation. Conclusion: EBT3 energy dependency was evaluated for clinically used proton, photon, and electron energies. The film self-activation may have contributed to fog and negligible dose.
Ethical Implications of Cloning

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on some of the leading concerns with human cloning. Some of the fears and apprehensions are based on misconceptions of the science, but others are real and substantial. Future research on animals and human embryos would reveal whether cloning is ever likely to be safe enough to be used in human reproduction. No efforts at reproductive cloning can ethically be undertaken until there is reasonable confidence within the research community that this standard can be met. If and when this occurs, the initial efforts at cloning should take place in research contexts and be subject to careful monitoring and followup. Therapeutic cloning raises several different but related ethical issues. These include the appropriateness of creating embryos with the intention of destroying them, of hastening the day when reproductive cloning might become feasible, and of fostering a market in human oocytes for research purposes. Although none of these issues justifies prohibiting therapeutic cloning research, scientists engaged in this research should be sensitive to the ethically controversial nature of their work. They can help to reduce public apprehension by making special efforts to ensure that all aspects of their work conform to the highest standards of research on human subjects.
Dimensionality reduction for image classification via mutual information maximization

Low-level feature encoding combined with Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) is widely adopted in the image classification system nowadays to extract features, which are usually high-dimensional. This not only makes the classification problem computationally prohibitive, but also raises other issues, such as the “curse of dimensionality”. In this paper we present supervised dimensionality reduction (DR) approaches that try to maximize the mutual information (MI) between the class labels and the low-dimensional features through an orthonormal linear projection. In addition to reduced computational load, using the extracted low-dimensional features during classification also leads to higher accuracies, as evident from a series of image classification experiments in this paper.
Detecting Hardware Covert Timing Channels

Information security and data privacy have steadily grown into major concerns in computing, especially given the rapid transition into the digital age for all needs--from healthcare to national defense. Among the many forms of information leakage, covert timing channels can be dangerous primarily because they involve two parties intentionally colluding to exfiltrate sensitive data by subverting the underlying system security policy. The attackers establish an illegitimate communication channel between two processes and transmit information via resource timing modulation, which does not leave any physical activity trace for later forensic analysis. Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of many popular computing environments, such as cloud computing, to these covert timing channels. With the advancements in software confinement mechanisms, shared processor hardware structures will be natural targets for malicious attackers to exploit and implement their covert-timing-based channels. In this work, the authors present a microarchitecture-level framework that detects the possible presence of covert timing channels on shared hardware. Their experiments demonstrate their ability to successfully detect different types of covert timing channels on various hardware structures and communication patterns.
OCD Taboo Thoughts and Stigmatizing Attitudes in Clinicians

Individuals who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder have persistent intrusive thoughts that cause severe distress that impairs daily functioning. These individuals often conceal their intrusive thoughts and delay help-seeking for fear of being stigmatized. Stigma can be problematic when it is present among mental health professionals because they may distance themselves from their clients and have a negative outlook on treatment outcome. To date there has not been any research that focuses on stigma that clinician's may hold towards obsessive-compulsive disorder or specific obsessions; however, there is evidence that mental health professionals may have prejudices towards individuals who suffer from other mental illnesses. The current study aimed to explore clinician and student clinician attitudes about obsessional content from varying symptom dimensions. Results indicated participants were more likely to socially reject or be concerned by individuals with obsessions related to contamination, harming, and sexual obsessions than those with scrupulous obsessions, and that they would be less likely to reveal sexual obsessions to others if they were experiencing them than the other three types of obsessions.
Celebrity Endorsements and Voter Emotions: Evidence From Two Experiments

Here, I report the results of two randomized, posttest only, control group, survey experiments in which respondents were exposed to factual information about celebrity support for Hillary Clinton during the 2016 presidential election campaign. Based on previous research, I hypothesize that celebrity endorsements will affect the emotions of enthusiasm, anger, and anxiety vis-a-vis Secretary Clinton. My results provide support for the general notion that celebrity endorsements can affect voter emotions. Specifically, I find that celebrity endorsements profoundly decreased the negative emotions of anger and anxiety vis-a-vis Secretary Clinton. My research suggests that a broad range of stimuli may affect voter emotions, which in turn affect political attitudes and behavior.
The Relationship Between Automatic Thoughts and Irrational Beliefs Predicting Anxiety and Depression

Cognitive behavioral approaches differ in their views on core cognitions and their hypothesized role in the etiology of depression and anxiety. The present study provides empirical evidence regarding the relationship between irrational beliefs and components of automatic thoughts and their role in the etiology of depression and anxiety. The present study utilized newer and improved questionnaires to assess components of irrational belief. Based on prior research by Safren et al. (Cogn Ther Res 24(3):327–344, 2000), a three-factor structure of the combined automatic thought questionnaires were utilized to measure components of automatic thoughts as they relate to depression and anxiety. Factor analytical methods were utilized to confirm the factor structure of the irrational beliefs and automatic thoughts components. Advanced path modeling was utilized to model the relationship between irrational beliefs and automatic thoughts in predicting anxiety and depression. The study used a sample of N = 542 undergraduate psychology students during stressful exam times. Results indicated that the irrational belief Demandingness represents a primary factor, followed by the secondary irrational beliefs as proposed by Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory. Selfdowning beliefs were fully mediated by depressive automatic thoughts in the case of depressive affect. Low frustration tolerance contributed unique variance to anxious and depressive affect that was not fully mediated by automatic thoughts. Results from the present study add empirical evidence that irrational beliefs indeed represent core and intermediary beliefs that lead to specific automatic thoughts, which is congruent with cognitive behavioral theory as proposed by Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy.
Ontology for Biomedical Investigations

The goal of OBI is to enable a formal representation of biomedical investigations that captures the experimental evidence on which their findings are based. The scope of OBI includes: materials made in and produced for investigations, research objectives, experimental protocols, roles of people in investigations and processing and publication of data gathered in investigations. Use of OBI will allow comparison of experimental data from the wide array of scientific disciplines represented by domain experts in the OBI consortium. OBI follows the principles laid out by the OBO foundry, and integrates tightly with other foundry candidate ontologies, such as GO (www.geneontology.org) and ChEBI (www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/) whose terms are used to describe biological reality. The use of OBI by the scientific community to represent or annotate their investigations within electronic data resources will facilitate interdisciplinary data synthesis, enable access to their data on the semantic web and improve third-party understanding of information related to life-science and clinical investigations.
Americans are more exposed to difference than we think: Capturing hidden exposure to political and racial difference

Abstract Use of name generators (NG) in assessing exposure to political difference has led to the conclusion that disagreement is uncommon. Data from two representative surveys tested a NG modification to probe for exposure to difference. Over half for whom NG results suggest no exposure to difference were able to name an alter who supported an alternative candidate. Over a quarter whose NG results indicate no exposure to a racial difference were able to name someone of the opposite race with whom they’d talked politics. These findings demonstrate that mixed or diverse networks are more common than prior NG research suggests.
Characterization of the Optical Properties of Turbid Media by Supervised Learning of Scattering Patterns

Fabricated tissue phantoms are instrumental in optical in-vitro investigations concerning cancer diagnosis, therapeutic applications, and drug efficacy tests. We present a simple non-invasive computational technique that, when coupled with experiments, has the potential for characterization of a wide range of biological tissues. The fundamental idea of our approach is to find a supervised learner that links the scattering pattern of a turbid sample to its thickness and scattering parameters. Once found, this supervised learner is employed in an inverse optimization problem for estimating the scattering parameters of a sample given its thickness and scattering pattern. Multi-response Gaussian processes are used for the supervised learning task and a simple setup is introduced to obtain the scattering pattern of a tissue sample. To increase the predictive power of the supervised learner, the scattering patterns are filtered, enriched by a regressor, and finally characterized with two parameters, namely, transmitted power and scaled Gaussian width. We computationally illustrate that our approach achieves errors of roughly 5% in predicting the scattering properties of many biological tissues. Our method has the potential to facilitate the characterization of tissues and fabrication of phantoms used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes over a wide range of optical spectrum.
The Development of Quantitative AOPs

A quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) is a mathematical/computational model that represents the dynamic processes linking a molecular initiating event with an adverse outcome. A unique feature that distinguishes a qAOP from other biologically based mathematical models is the prediction of key events that are part of the qualitative adverse outcome pathway and are measurable experimentally. This chapter reviews the evolution of qAOPs, describes methods to develop qAOPs, and provides two case study examples focused on reproduction in fish.
Expressionist Signs and Metaphors in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time

Philosophers of the past forty years have promulgated their reading of Heidegger as an Existentialist. Some have ventured into those nebulous areas to cultivate etymological analyses; others have drifted into a Wagnerian mist of imprecision. Comparatist techniques show that Heidegger’s literary roots are firmly embedded in Expressionism — not Existentialism — and that Dasein is a literary persona, that Heidegger’s discussion of signs abandons the imagery of perennial philosophy for the “ready-to-hand,” a clearly Expressionist technique. Heidegger’s Being and Time clearly states Expressionist philosophy with the characteristically Expressionist concern for contemporaneity and interiority intact.
When Is Mathematics, and Who Says So?: A Commentary on Part I

Ralph Waldo Emerson stated the emotional center that the papers in this section are trying to recover:
Zonally Averaged Flow

In this section, we will take a somewhat detailed look at the main processes responsible for the observed mean meridional circulation of the middle atmosphere. We will see that the dynamical behavior of the middle atmosphere differs in a crucial way from that of the troposphere. Moreover, the presence of ozone throughout much of the stratosphere determines to a very large degree the radiative drive and to a certain extent the temperature structure of the middle atmosphere.
Mitigating tourism seasonality: A Quantitative Approach

Abstract Seasonality is one of the most problematic but least understood aspects of tourism. Many destinations are suffering from this phenomenon every year, yet limited efforts have been made to overcome the troublesome issue. This research proposed an approach to obtaining quantitative solutions which can ultimately assist marketers in mitigating seasonal effects. The study applied financial portfolio theory, widely used in securities allocation decisions. While determining the segment mix solutions to seasonality and describing the Seasonal Demand Efficient Frontier, this paper suggests that marketers should select a mix of tourism segments that fall along the Frontier given a demand–risk target.
Advanced MPI including new MPI-3 features

This tutorial will cover several advanced topics in MPI. We will cover one-sided communication, dynamic processes, multithreaded communication and hybrid programming, and parallel I/O. We will also discuss new features in the newest version of MPI, MPI-3, which is expected to be officially released a few days before this tutorial. The tutorial will be heavily example driven; we will introduce concepts by using code examples based on scenarios found in real applications. The example codes will be available for attendees to run on their laptops.
Histopathology of Early Laryngeal Carcinoma

To be amenable for conservative laryngeal surgery the malignancies contained within this anatomic structure must be limited in size and in extent of growth. In a relative sense this is equivalent to an early stage of the cancer. In absolute terms the duration of the tumor may represent months or even years. Most “small” and “early” laryngeal carcinomas are discovered at an early stage of their evolution because they produce symptoms. Hoarseness is the hallmark symptom of laryngeal cancer and in particular those of the vocal cords. Therefore, the remainder of this discussion is directed at early cancer of the true vocal cords. This group of tumors is representative of those that are most acceptable for conservation surgery.
Validating automated click detector dolphin detection rates and investigating factors affecting performance

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a widely used technique for studying the distribution and habitat use of cetaceans. The C-POD, an acoustic sensor with an onboard automated click detector, has been deployed in diverse acoustic environments, but studies verifying its offshore detection rates and factors affecting detection probability are scarce. To empirically evaluate the performance of C-PODs in detecting bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), C-PODs were deployed alongside archival acoustic recorders 12–30 km offshore in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. The C-POD and acoustic recordings, post-processed using PAMGUARD software, were compared for a period of 6852 h. C-POD false positive rates were very low (mean 0.003%), and positive hourly detection accuracy was very high (mean 99.6%). Analysis of the acoustic environment and dolphin click characteristics revealed that true positive detections by C-PODs were significantly more likely to occur when PAMGUARD detected more clicks and there was increased high frequency noise (>20 kHz), likely from distant or unclassified clicks. C-PODs were found to be reliable indicators of dolphin presence at hourly or greater time scales. These results support the application of C-PODs in PAM studies that aim to investigate patterns of dolphin occurrence, such as those related to offshore windfarms.
Stress state-dependent mechanics of additively manufactured 304L stainless steel: Part 1 – characterization and modeling of the effect of stress state and texture on microstructural evolution

Abstract The effect of stress state and crystallographic texture on strain-induced martensitic transformation kinetics in 304L stainless steel (SS304L) components made by additive manufacturing were investigated. Mechanical tests under uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, and pure shear were performed. Experimental results showed that the rate of strain-induced martensitic phase transformation, with respect to plastic strain, was highest under uniaxial compression, followed by uniaxial tension, and lowest under pure shear. The higher rate of phase transformation under uniaxial compression than tension in the additively manufactured SS304L contradicts the trends often, but not always, observed in texture-free conventionally processed austenitic stainless steels. The combined effects of stress state, crystallographic texture, and chemistry were studied, for the first time, to develop a new strain-induced martensitic phase transformation kinetics equation for additively manufactured SS304L that captures the microstructural evolution as a function of plastic strain and these factors.
Differentiating the effects of logging, river engineering, and hydropower dams on flooding in the Skokomish River, Washington, USA

Abstract A decades-long, progressive loss of channel capacity in the Skokomish River, a 622 km2 basin draining the southeast Olympic Mountains of Washington State, has caused increasing flooding with severe consequences to endangered salmon runs, infrastructure, and private property. To differentiate among multiple potential drivers of the capacity loss, we analyze the geomorphic evidence for the potential effects of: flow regulation by two dams constituting the Cushman Hydroelectric Project, which began regulating flow in the river's North Fork in 1925 and diverting water out of the basin in 1930; sediment production from mid-twentieth century logging in the river's South Fork basin; and twentieth century river engineering in the mainstem. Bankfull channel capacity in the mainstem has steadily declined since about 1940 from 370 m3 s−1 to
Spontaneous Breathing Trials in Children: Putting the 'T' in SBT.

The use of invasive mechanical ventilation is a life-saving and essential component of pediatric intensive care. However, prolonged intubation can be associated with an increased risk of ventilator-induced lung injury, nosocomial infections, airway irritation or trauma, and sedative dependence.[1][1
Stereoselective allylboration using (B)-γ- alkoxyallyldiisopinocampheylboranes: Highly selective reactions for organic synthesis

This review describes the synthesis of novel alkoxyallylborane reagents derived from α-pinene and their applications in stereoselective total synthesis of natural products. These reagents can be conveniently prepared and react readily with a wide variety of aldehydes and imines to provide the corresponding α-alkoxy substituted homoallylic alcohols/amines respectively. The (Z)-γ-alkoxyallylborane reagents provide 1,2-syn α-alkoxy homoallylic alcohols/amines while the corresponding (E)-γ-alkoxyallylborane reagents furnish 1,2-anti products exclusively in very high enantioselectivities.
Systematic Analysis of Gene Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a Case Study of FAM83A and FAM83B

Introduction: In our previous study, we constructed a Lung Cancer Explorer (LCE) database housing lung cancer-specific expression data and clinical data from over 6700 patients in 56 studies. Methods: Using this dataset of the largest collection of lung cancer gene expression along with our meta-analysis method, we systematically interrogated the association between gene expression and overall survival as well as the expression difference between tumor and normal (adjacent non-malignant tissue) samples in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). A case study for FAM83A and FAM83B was performed as a demonstration for hypothesis testing with our database. Results: We showed that the reproducibility of results across studies varied by histological subtype and analysis type. Genes and pathways unique or common to the two histological subtypes were identified and the results were integrated into LCE to facilitate user exploration. In our case study, we verified the findings from a previous study on FAM83A and FAM83B in non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusions: This study used gene expression data from a large cohort of patients to explore the molecular differences between lung ADC and SQCC.
On the Definition of Freestream Conditions in Wind-Tunnel Testing

The concept of adaptive wall control in wind tunnels was advanced [4.209, 4.210] as a solution to the problem of boundary interference, especially in testing models in the transonic regime. It had become apparent that wall effects could be significant, their character and magnitudes unknown, and reliable theory for the correction of measured data nonexistent. Adaptive wall control is based on the observation that the existence of unconfined-flow conditions in a wind tunnel—and, in fact, a quantitative assessment of departure from such conditions—can be ascertained by calculation from data measured in the flow field. Changes can then be made, systematically, in the tunnel boundary configuration, leading in an iterative way to unconfined flow, for any arbitrary model configuration.
Proceedings Sixth Workshop on Proof eXchange for Theorem Proving

This volume of EPTCS contains the proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Proof Exchange for Theorem Proving (PxTP 2019), held on 26 August 2019 as part of the CADE-27 conference in Natal, Brazil. The PxTP workshop series brings together researchers working on various aspects of communication, integration, and cooperation between reasoning systems and formalisms, with a special focus on proofs. The progress in computer-aided reasoning, both automated and interactive, during the past decades, made it possible to build deduction tools that are increasingly more applicable to a wider range of problems and are able to tackle larger problems progressively faster. In recent years, cooperation between such tools in larger systems has demonstrated the potential to reduce the amount of manual intervention. Cooperation between reasoning systems relies on availability of theoretical formalisms and practical tools to exchange problems, proofs, and models. The PxTP workshop series strives to encourage such cooperation by inviting contributions on all aspects of cooperation between reasoning tools, whether automatic or interactive.
Transitioning back to faculty roles after being a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholar: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Background There is a dearth of literature describing factors supporting a successful transition from a career-development fellowship to resumption of the full complement of faculty roles. Purpose Because little is known about the transition back to the full faculty role, a subset of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Nurse Faculty Scholars (NFS) was interviewed to evaluate the self-identified challenges and opportunities that the scholars faced and factors contributing to their success when they reassumed the full faculty role. Methods A subset of scholars from cohorts beginning the RWJF NFS program between 2008 and 2012 (n = 10) was interviewed by members of the NFS National Advisory Committee. NFSs identified challenges and opportunities faced as they transitioned to their faculty roles following completion of the career development fellowship as well as the character of support received from individuals in their organizational influencing the experience of the faculty transition. Evaluation outcomes include recommendations for transition planning for home institutions, colleagues and fellows. Results NFSs identified transition challenges including managing multiple responsibilities and increased teaching demands coupled with loss of protected time and funding for scholarly work. Opportunities for career advancement were influenced by effective mentorship, institutional supports including advocacy and allocation of time and responsibilities consistent with continued research productivity. Issues contributing to a more difficult transition included non-supportive relationships among administrators and colleagues and newly assigned responsibilities that detracted from success in meeting expectations for tenure and promotion. Effective transition from fellow to faculty included plans for continued mentorship and stakeholder engagement of administration, mentors and faculty colleagues. Conclusions Effective transition from fellow to the full complement of the faculty role benefits both the home institution and scholar. Positive outcomes may be contingent on scholar support and organizational investment during the transition period.
A Non-Isolated High-Voltage-Gain DC-DC Converter with Modified Greinacher Voltage Multiplier in DCM

This paper presents the analysis and design of a non- isolated two-phase interleaved boost dc-dc converters in discontinuous-current modes (DCM). This topology in the DCM can easily achieve a higher voltage gain with a reasonable duty ratio compared to continuous-current modes (CCM) while having continuous input current and low stress on components. Operating the converter in DCM requires to use a smaller inductor, which will reduce the size and weight of the topology further. These important features will make this topology a preferred choice for many applications such as PV, Fuel cells, x-ray, etc. The operating principles of the topology and equations of the voltage gain and other vital parameters are explained and given in this paper. Moreover, the topology was simulated to convert 20 V to the output voltage of 400 V. Finally, a 200-W hardware prototype of the topology was implemented in a laboratory to verify the analysis of the converter in DCM.
Continuation of Renin-angiotensin System Inhibitors In Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Is Safe And Improves Discharge Therapy

Renin Angiotensin System inhibition (RASi) with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) improves long-term morbidity and mortality in heart failure. While current guidelines recommend continuation of RASi therapy in the absence of hemodynamic instability or other contraindications, it is unclear whether deleterious effects occur when RASi therapy is interrupted for other reasons in patients with ADHF. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of interrupting vs. continuing RASi therapy in this population. We retrospectively analyzed data of inpatients from 2015-2019 with ADHF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
Win the War Blues: The Blues and World War II: Various Artists, Jasmine JASMCD 3147, 2020, CD, £8.99

Since the turn of the century, American soldiers have fought and died in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, and elsewhere. US military forces are well trained, well armed, and technologically savvy. They de...
Impact of Urinary Catheterization on Postoperative Outcomes After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Propensity-Matched Cohorts.

BackgroundThe impact of urinary catheter avoidance in bariatric enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols is yet to be established. The purpose of the current study is to determine whether u...
Electro-Osmotic Gripper Characterization for Layered Assembly

Layered assembly is a voxel-based additive manufacturing process that relies on parallel grasping of voxels to produce multi-material parts. Although there exists substantial diversity in mechanism...
Online child pornography offender risk assessment using digital forensic artifacts: The need for a hybrid model

The prevalence of online child pornography is a major societal issue. The criminal justice system has struggled with assessing the risk of individuals involved in online sexual offenses against children, especially when it involves the possession of child pornography. Research suggests there are different categories of offenders involved in this type of behavior (e.g., Online Child Pornography Offenders, Dual Offenders, Contact Offenders), with each category having different motivations, contributing factors, and levels of risk to re-offend or escalate their criminal behavior to more serious offenses (i.e., collecting pictures to contact offending). Determining the risk that individuals involved in online sexual offenses against children pose to re-offend or escalate their criminal behavior has been problematic. Traditional sexual offender risk measures have lower predictive validity when dealing with online child pornography offenders. This article discusses the need for a formalized hybrid risk assessment model that combines the current online sex offenses against children risk measures with digital forensics artifact analysis. The evidence derived from digital forensics artifact analysis can supplement the predictive risk factors obtained from these risk assessment tools, thus increasing the reliability and validity of the risk assessment.
Separation Theorems in Econometrics and Psychometrics: Rasch, Frisch, Two Fishers and Implications for Measurement:

In 1959, Ragnar Frisch prompted Georg Rasch to formalise a separability theorem that continues today to serve as the basis of a wide range of theoretical and applied developments in psychological a...
The Dialogic and the Semiotic: Bakhtin, Volosinov, Peirce, and Sociolinguistics

This paper addresses the correspondences between two current approaches in sociolinguistics and discourse analysis: Peircian semiotics and Bakhtin/ Volosinov's dialogism. Peirce's contribution to sociolinguistics has been the insight that language, though arbitrary, relies upon indexicality and iconicity to be meaningful. In their critiques of abstract objectivism, Bakhtin and Volosinov similarly argued that language is tied to the social contexts in which it is spoken (or written). Both approaches share three concerns. First, language is both arbitrary and socially and contextually grounded. A second issue is the relationship between social diversity and linguistic differentiation. Third, the role of language in the construction and transmission of ideology will be discussed.
Gordon Gekkos, Frat Boys and Nice Guys: The Content, Dimensions, and Structural Determinants of Multiple Ethnic Minority Groups' Stereotypes About White Men

We documented the content and dimensions of non-White groups' stereotypes about White men, then ascertained differences between ethnic groups in perception of those stereotypes. Stereotypes generally fell into dimensions of Gordon Gekkos, nice guys, and frat boys. African Americans generally listed (Study 1a), recognized (Study 1b), and endorsed (Study 2) fewer positive and more negative stereotypes than the other two ethnic groups, consistent with the stereotype content model (SCM). Also consistent with SCM, in Study 2, stereotypes about White men's competence were correlated with perception of Whites' societal status. Stereotypes about White men's coldness were correlated with measures of competition with Whites. These effects were especially strong among African Americans.
Ricci Flow and Geometrization of 3-Manifolds

This book is based on lectures given at Stanford University in 2009. The purpose of the lectures and of the book is to give an introductory overview of how to use Ricci flow and Ricci flow with surgery to establish the Poincare Conjecture and the more general Geometrization Conjecture for 3-dimensional manifolds. Most of the material is geometric and analytic in nature; a crucial ingredient is understanding singularity development for 3-dimensional Ricci flows and for 3-dimensional Ricci flows with surgery. This understanding is crucial for extending Ricci flows with surgery so that they are defined for all positive time. Once this result is in place, one must study the nature of the time-slices as the time goes to infinity in order to deduce the topological consequences. The goal of the authors is to present the major geometric and analytic results and themes of the subject without weighing down the presentation with too many details. This book can be read as an introduction to more complete treatments of the same material. (ULECT/53)
The Role and Function of PCAOB and AS 5

This paper examines the role and the function of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and AS 5. Recently, the need to improve auditing standards has increased as the public's demand for corporate accounting has increased. This paper discusses the nature and the functions of auditing standards and how these standards are applied to financial, operational, and compliance audits. This paper will also examine the effects of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and PCAOB and how it has affected the audits of publicly traded companies. The need for improved regulation has forced new laws to be passed and new procedures to be set forth for both management and auditors to follow. Most of the required standards used today by auditors were put in place by the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS), SOX, and PCAOB. These standards contain auditing requirements that will aid users and investors of financial statements to make informed decisions and assist in restoring the confidence that was lost during the Wall Street corporate scandals.
What (N)ever Happened to Aunt Jemima: Eating Disorders, Fetal Rights, and Black Female Appetite in Contemporary American Culture

Aunt Jemima, one of America's oldest packaged food trademarks and a symbol of quality breakfast products for 100 years, will be given a new look this year. The facial appearance is unchanged. Noticeably different, however, is a new, stylish, grey-streaked hairdo, and her headband has been removed. Other changes include cosmetic touches such as a different style of collar and the addition of earrings. "We wanted to present Aunt Jemima in a more contemporary light, while preserving the important attributes of warmth, quality, good taste, heritage and reliability," said Barbara R. Allen, Vice President of Marketing for Quaker Oats Company's Convenience Foods Division, makers of Aunt
Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Rigid Bodies

Engineers are increasingly challenged to develop the technology necessary for faster, smaller, lighter, cheaper, and more efficient systems. Modern engineering systems, such as cars, airplanes, buildings, bridges, space stations, and others, require expertise offered by different disciplines and especially by mechanical, civil, and electrical engineering. With so many technical disciplines involved and shrinking resources, the solution is partnering for success. Consequently, future engineers are faced with the daunting but exciting task of having to work as teams rather than individual.
What Parents Do When Children are Good: Parent Reports of Strategies for Reinforcing Early Childhood Prosocial Behaviors

This exploratory study utilized a concurrent triangulation mixed methods design to investigate how parents respond to considerate and engaging forms of children’s prosocial behavior, whether some prosocial behaviors are more likely to receive reinforcement, and whether reinforcement is associated with specific types of prosocial behavior. Parents of 74 preschoolers completed a questionnaire regarding their child’s general prosociality, provided open-ended responses to prosocial vignettes, and completed a questionnaire assessing reinforcement. Open-ended responses showed reinforcement was highly variable across parents and prosocial behaviors. Across open-ended and response-option formats, social reinforcement responses of parent approval, character attributions, and showing love emerged as common reinforcement responses to prosocial behavior, and evidencing similar relationships with comforting and cooperating behaviors. These results suggest that there are multiple ways parents respond to child prosocial behaviors, many of which seem to be attempts to encourage prosociality.
Growth response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to catch-and-release angling: a 27-year mark–recapture study

Catch-and-release angling is gaining popularity worldwide and plays an increasingly important role in both fisheries management and conservation. Mortality from catch-and-release angling is well do...
Viral interference-mediated selection of a plaque-type variant of influenza virus.

Abstract Two variants of the A 0 /WSN strain of influenza virus that can be distinguished by plaque morphology on MDBK cells have been isolated. The two variants, designated F and C, produce identical plaques on chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). They also have identical growth rates in CEF and are indistinguishable in density, size, polypeptide composition, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity, hemagglutinating activity, neuraminidase activity and infectivity. Although the two variants are also highly similar when grown in MDBK cells, cocultivation in these cells results in a rapid disappearance of the F variant due to a unidirectional interference. C virions that arise by mutation during the replication of F in MDBK cells interfere with the synthesis of F virions and thereby eliminate them from the progeny. Since this interference does not operate in CEF, double infection results in concomitant replication of the two variants. Thus, in one host but not in the other the newly arising variant establishes conditions by which its replication is favored over that of its predecessor.
Before epilepsy unfolds: opening up the potassium door in neonatal seizures.

There is increasing interest in understanding how epilepsy initiates and how to thwart the establishment of the disease. Many questions remain open as to what targets may the best for preventing epilepsy and whether any common triggering pathway exists to treat this complex malady. In 'Bedside to Bench', Rod C. Scott and Gregory Holmes discuss alternative therapies to treat neonatal seizures to prevent chronic cognitive impairment and brain developmental problems, which can lead to epilepsy later in life. Increasing inhibitory signals in the developing brain may be useful in dampening brain hyperexcitability—and enhanced susceptibility for seizures—and blocking epilepsy development in children. In 'Bench to Bedside', Annamaria Vezzani argues how the mTOR pathway may be a potential target for blocking epileptogenesis. The role of mTOR in seizures in early life and progression of established disease raises the possibility that mTOR could be a common mediator involved in epilepsy at different stages of disease initiation and progression. Given the lack of current antiepileptic drugs to prevent seizures in children and to block epileptogenesis, developing new disease-modifying therapies remains a priority.
A Finite-Volume Multigrid Calculation Method for Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Point Contact Problem©

A finite-volume-based numerical method with a strongly implicit relaxation procedure is developed to solve the elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contact problem. The multigrid algorithm for the solution of the governing equations and the multilevel multi-integration technique for the elastic deformation equation are also developed within the finite-volume framework. The performance of the developed finite-volume method has been evaluated extensively. The proposed method has a computational complexity of O(n log n) where n is the total number of control volumes. Up to 6.18 GPa maximum Hertzian pressure case has been calculated and demonstrated. Presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting in Detroit, Michigan May 17–21, 1998
Genetic\ agronomic and quality comparisons of two 1AL.1RS. wheat-rye chromosomal translocations

The 1AL.1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocation originally found in 'Amigo' wheat possesses resistance genes for stem rust, powdery mildew and greenbug biotypes B and C, but also has a negative effect on wheat processing quality. Recently, a second 1AL.1RS translocation carrying Gb6, a gene conferring resistance to greenbug biotypes B, C, E, G and I, was identified in the wheat germplasm line 'GRS1201'. Protein analytical methods, and the DNA polymerase chain reaction were used to identify markers capable of differentiating the 1RS chromosome arms derived from 'Amigo' and 'GRS1201'. The secalin proteins encoded by genes on 1RS chromosome arms differed in 'Amigo' and 'GRS1201'. A 70 kDa secalin was found in the 'Amigo' 1AL.1RS, but did not occur in the 'GRS1201' 1AL.1RS. Polymorphisms detected by PCR primers derived from a family of moderately repetitive rye DNA sequences also differentiated the two translocations. When 'GRS1201' was mated with a non-1RS wheat, no recombinants between 1RS markers were observed. In crosses between 1RS and non-1RS parents, both DNA markers and secalins would be useful as selectable markers for 1RS-derived greenbug resistance. Recombination between 1RS markers did occur when 1RS from 'Amigo' and 1RS from 'GRS1201' were combined, but in such intermatings, the molecular markers described herein could still be used to develop a population enriched in lines carrying Gb6. No differences in grain yield or grain and flour quality characteristics were observed when lines carrying 1RS from 'Amigo' were compared with lines with 1RS from 'GRS1201'. Hence, differences in secalin composition did not result in differential quality effects. When compared with sister lines with 1AL.1AS derived from the wheat cultivar 'Redland', lines with 'GRS1201' had equal grain yield, but produced flours with significantly shorter mix times, weaker doughs, and lower sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volumes.
Nanomaterial transfer using hot embossing for flexible electronic devices

We demonstrate hot embossing to pattern carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on flexible substrates. Patterns of CNTs grown on both microtextured and flat silicon templates were transferred into polymer substrates, with good replication of both the CNT patterns and surface relief features. The transferred CNTs formed a highly entangled network with electrical resistance of 1kΩ–9MΩ, depending on growth and embossing conditions. The electrical properties showed a strong sensitivity to both light and temperature. This dry transfer process shows promise for high throughput manufacturing of nanomaterial-based flexible electronic devices.
Reduction of soot emissions by iron pentacarbonyl in isooctane diffusion flames

Light-scattering measurements, in situ laser-induced fluorescence, and thermophoretic sampling with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, were performed in laboratory isooctane diffusion flames seeded with 4000 ppm iron pentacarbonyl. These measurements allowed the determination of the evolution of the size, number density, and volume fraction of soot particles through the flame. Comparison to unseeded flame data provided a detailed assessment of the effects of iron addition on soot particle inception, growth, and oxidation processes. Iron was found to produce a minor soot-enhancing effect at early residence times, while subsequent soot particle growth was largely unaffected. It is concluded that primarily elemental iron is incorporated within the soot particles during particle inception and growth. However, iron addition was found to enhance the rate of soot oxidation during the soot burnout regime, yielding a two-thirds reduction in overall soot emissions. In situ spectroscopic measurements probed the transient nature of elemental iron throughout the flame, revealing significant loss of elemental iron, presumably to iron oxides, with increasing flame residence, suggesting catalysis of soot oxidation via iron oxide species.
Isolated homonymous hemianopia. A review of 104 cases.

In a retrospective review of 104 cases of homonymous hemianopia, cerebral infarction was the diagnosis in 89% of the patients. This diagnosis was twice as common as reported in a previous series, which included other neurologic findings along with homonymous field defects. The majority of patients were white and between the ages of 50 and 70 years, often having a history of vascular disease. Eighty-eight percent of the patients showed a static or improved clinical course, while only 12% showed visual field or central nervous system deterioration. A routine work-up, excluding contrast studies, was sufficient to select 11 out of the 12 cases that were not due to infarction. Data that were suggestive of a noninfarctive cause were patients aged under 40 years, incongruous field defects, abnormal skull x-ray films, abnormal opticokinetic nystagmus, and elevated levels of spinal fluid protein.