cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defining workload in the context of driver state detection and HMI evaluation

Workload is a dynamic concept that can have different meanings depending on the investigative perspective and the question being asked. Awareness of these methodological distinctions is essential when interpreting research and human machine interface evaluations. Understanding workload within the contexts of objective demand vs. effective workload, physical vs. mental workload, task pacing, automation, technology education, measurement context and distraction are among the themes raised in this brief review.
Particle Separation Using Dielectrophoresis

A numerical scheme based on the distributed Lagrange multiplier (DLM) method is used to simulate the process of separation of particles with different dielectric properties suspended in an electrorheological (ER) fluid and subjected to a nonuniform electric field. The dielectrophoresis induced separation of particles is possible only when the sign of Clausius-Mossoti factor for the particles is different, as in this case the dielectrophoretic force moves them to different regions of the device. The time required for separation of particle in simulations is larger than that given by an order or magnitude analysis because of the formation of particle chains which arise due to the dipole-dipole interactions among the particles and move much more slowly than isolated particles.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Genomics and Functional Genomics of Winter Low Temperature Tolerance in Temperate Fruit Crops

Winter low temperature tolerance is the result of genotype interaction with environmental cues influencing plant development and metabolic activity in preparation for sustained low temperatures and freezing conditions. In deciduous fruit trees the phenology of acclimation and dormancy processes are well documented and recent advances in functional genomic analyses are beginning to map the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and biochemical responses resulting from inductive short photoperiod and/or low temperatures. There are many commonalities between herbaceous annual plant acclimation and perennial plant acclimation; however, the ability to survive sustained periods of low temperature, extreme low temperatures and the presence of ice within tissues are not common in annual model plant systems. In addition, subzero temperature tolerance mechanisms vary with tissue type and age and seasonal and climatic conditions; thus, defining the phenotypes and underlying genetic control of these dynami...
Discovering Healthcare Cognition: The Use of Cognitive Artifacts to Reveal Cognitive Work

Healthcare systems, especially hospital operating room suites, have properties that make them ideal for the study of the cognitive work using the naturalistic decision-making (NDM) approach. This variable, complex, high-tempo setting provides a unique opportunity to examine the ways that clinicians plan, monitor, and cope with the irreducible uncertainty that underlies this work domain. As frontline managers, anesthesia coordinators plan and manage anesthesia assignments for surgical procedures. As frontline managers, coordinators develop and use cognitive artifacts to distribute cognition across time and among members of the acute care staff. Examination of these cognitive artifacts and their use reveals the hidden subtleties of the coordinators’ work. The use of NDM methods including cognitive artifact analysis to understand cognitive work generates insights that extend beyond the operator level to the study of team-level cognition. Results can be used to create computer-based artifacts that aid individ...
Japan's Grand Strategy on the Korean Peninsula: Optimistic Realism

Korea is one of the most complex, critical, and yet understudied of Japan's foreign policy relationships. While much attention in US policy and academic circles has focused on Japan's future relations with China as the key variable for regional stability in the twenty first century, an integral part of the security dynamic in East Asia has been driven by the Japan–Korea axis. In the late-nineteenth century and early twentieth century, two major power wars in Asia (i.e., Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese) had this relationship as a proximate cause. During the cold war, the Japan–Republic of Korea (ROK) axis facilitated the American presence as an Asia-Pacific power and security guarantor. And in the post-cold war era, outcomes in the Japan–Korea (united or still divided) relationship are critical to the shape of future balance of power dynamics in the region and with it, the future American security presence. How then should we be thinking about future Japanese relations with the Korean peninsula? What are Tokyo's hopes and concerns with regard to Korea? How do they view the prospect of a united Korea? Is there a Japanese ‘grand strategy’ regarding the peninsula?
Male urinary incontinence Correction with ischiocavernous muscles collaring method

The patient is placed in the exaggerated lithotomy position, and an inverted “U” perineal incision is made with the limbs extended to the ischial tuberosities. The ischiocavernous muscles on both sides are exposed and detached from the ischial tuberosities. To cross these muscles over to opposite sides, they should be freed for a minimum length of 5 cm. The perineal nerves and vessels which lie in the medial aspect of the ischiocavernous muscle are usually redundant and should be left undisturbed. The bulbocavernous muscle is then incised along its median raphe and dissected free from the bulbous urethra. The latter is exposed and should be freely isolated posteriorly, at least enough to admit one flngerbreadth. Through this space and the thin layer of the posterior aspect of the bulbocavernous muscles, the ischiocavernous muscle on one side is tunneled under the urethra and brought to the contralateral side (Fig. 1). It is sutured to the surface of the pubic ramus. Two separated figure-ofeight sutures using 0 nonabsorbable material or silk are sufficient. After the bulbocavernous muscle is reapproximated in the midline with 3-O chromic catgut, the ischiocavernous muscle on the other side is crossed over ventral to the bulb FIGURE 1. Diagrammatic illustration of structural relationship of procedure. (1) Right ischiocavernous muscle tunneling under (2) bulbous urethra, (3) lej? ischiocavernous muscle, and (4) bulbocavernous muscle.
Some Properties of Minimal Surfaces in Singular Spaces

This paper involves the generalization of minimal surface theory to spaces with singularities. Let X be an NPC space, i.e. a metric space of non-positive curvature. We define a (parametric) minimal surface in X as a conformal energy minimizing map. Using this definition, many propertlies of classical minimal surfaces can also be observed for minimal surfaces in this general setting. In particular, we will prove the boundary monotonicity property and the isoperimetric inequality for minimal surfaces in X.
Statistical assessment of commingled skeletal remains.

Commingling in mixed burials is generally detected through the discovery of duplicate elements or bony evidence of sex, age, or statural differences in the recovered bones. In cases where the suspected commingling involves closely similar individuals and the total skeletal parts total less than one individual, it is important to consider the possibility that the recovered assemblage, through chance, may consist of non-duplicated elements. A method of statistically assessing the probability of such an event is presented.
Are we there yet?: Mixed methods research in library and information science

Abstract Mixed methods research (MMR)—which integrates qualitative and quantitative methods in one study to improve the study's quality—is not common in library and information science (LIS) and has not been discussed in its literature. While still evolving and generating much discussion about its nature and standards for its evaluation, MMR has been employed in the social and behavioral sciences for more than three decades. It is already considered the third approach to research, along with the quantitative and qualitative approaches. How did this approach shape research in LIS? An analysis of 465 articles published in four major LIS research journals revealed that 22 articles (5%) employed MMR. However, the recognition of MMR by name or as a research method was absent from these articles and from the methodological literature in LIS. The various strengths of MMR suggest that being cognizant of its possible use in LIS would benefit researchers in the field.
Towards a high-level power estimation capability

Abstruct- We will present a power estimation technique for digital integrated circuits that operates at the register transfer level (RTL). Such a high-level power estimation capability is required in order to provide early warning of any power problems before the circuit-level design has been specified. With such early warning, the designer can explore design trade-offs at a higher level of abstraction than previously possible, reducing design time and cost. Our estimator is based on the use of entropy as a measure of the average activity to be expected in the final implementation of a circuit, given only its Boolean functional description. This technique has been implemented and tested on a variety of circuits. The empirical results to be presented are very promising and demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this approach.
PROGRESSIVE FRACTURE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF WIND TUNNEL STRUCTURES

Progressive damage and fracture of a prototype wind tunnel structure is investigated. A computer model is used for the assessment of structural response, progressive fracture resistance, and defect/damage tolerance characteristics. Critical locations of the wind tunnel stiffened conical shell segment are identified. Defective and defect free computer models are simulated to evaluate structural defect tolerance. Safe pressurization levels are assessed for the retention of structural integrity at the presence of defects. Damage initiation, growth, accumulation, and propagation to fracture are included in the simulations. Damage propagation and burst pressures for defective and defect-free shells are compared to evaluate damage tolerance. Design implications with regard to defect and damage tolerance of a steel pressure vessel are examined.
Popularity of internet physician rating sites and their apparent influence on patients’ choices of physicians

There has been a substantial increase in the number of on-line health care grading sites that offer patient feedback on physicians, staff and hospitals. Despite a growing interest among some consumers of medical services, most studies of Internet physician rating sites (IPRS) have restricted their analysis to sampling data from individual sites alone. Our objective was to explore the frequency with which patients visit and leave comments on IPRS, evaluate the nature of comments written and quantify the influence that positive comments, negative comments and physician medical malpractice history might have on patients’ decisions to seek care from a particular physician. One-thousand consecutive patients visiting the Pre-Operative Evaluation (POE) Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota between June 2013 and October 2013 were surveyed using a written questionnaire. A total of 854 respondents completed the survey to some degree. A large majority (84 %) stated that they had not previously visited an IPRS. Of those writing comments on an IPRS in the past, just over a third (36 %) provided either unfavorable (9 %) or a combination of favorable and unfavorable (27 %) reviews of physician interactions. Among all respondents, 28.1 % strongly agreed that a positive physician review alone on an IPRS would cause them to seek care from that practitioner. Similarly, 27 % indicated that a negative IPRS review would cause them to choose against seeking care from that physician. Fewer than a third indicated that knowledge of a malpractice suit alone would negatively impact their decision to seek care from a physician. Whether a respondent had visited an IPRS in the past had no impact on the answers provided. Few patients had visited IPRS, with a limited number reporting that information provided on these sites would play a significant role in their decision to seek care from a particular physician.
A morphometric study of limb proportions in leaping prosimians

Study of individual limb proportions—most notably, for instance, of the intermembral index—distinguishes from most other primates those various prosimians capable of leaping. The present investigation analyzes 24 measures of limb proportions (taken by F.-K. Jouffroy and J. Lessertisseur) from 161 specimens representing 12 species of prosimians, using the multivariate statistical method of multiple discriminant analysis (carried out by R. German and C.E. Oxnard). The results indicate that there are three major gradients: (1) indriids, (2) cheirogaleines, and (3) galagines plus Tarsius, radiating from a fourth centrally located group of species, Lemur, Lepilemur, and Hapalemur. It is likely that the morphometric relationships displayed here can be associated with behavioral (locomotor) parallels among these various forms. Though leaping is a most important adaptation among prosimians, it seems clear that it has evolved separately a number of times, and it seems at least likely that the biomechanical nature of the adaptation differs in different groups. The results, therefore, present certain new hypotheses about prosimian locomotion that can only be tested with further field and laboratory studies. This study also emphasizes the fact that anatomical adaptation is complex. Though the analysis of each anatomical region separately provides a similar qualitative picture of the variation among genera, it is only in the analysis of all measures taken together that the complete pattern described above appears. Though no new variables have been added in that analysis, new information is obviously contained within the results. Since this information stems from the interactions of the variables, it must be due to associations between these anatomical areas.
Effects of currently prescribed LDL-C-lowering drugs on PCSK9 and implications for the next generation of LDL-C-lowering agents

Background During the past decade, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been identified as a key regulator of serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. PCSK9 is secreted by the liver into the plasma and binds the hepatic LDL receptor, causing its subsequent degradation. In humans, gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 cause a form of familial hypercholesterolemia that manifests with dramatically increased serum levels of LDL-C, while loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 are associated with significantly decreased LDL-C and cardiovascular risk.
Allelic and phenotypic heterogeneity in ABCA4 mutations

Since the discovery of the ABCA4 gene as the cause of autosomal recessive Stargardt disease/fundus flavimaculatus much has been written of the phenotypic variability in ABCA4 retinopathy. In this review the authors discuss the findings seen on examination and the disease features detected using various clinical tests. Important differential diagnoses are presented and unusual presentations of ABCA4 disease highlighted.
Atomic-Scale Simulation of Adhesion Between Metallic Surfaces

We have performed MD simulations of adhesive phenomena, on an atomic scale, between metals possessing both smooth and stepped-surfaces. Studies of adhesion between identical metals, consisting of either Au, Cu, or Ni, with (001) or (111) orientations, reveal the existence of adhesive avalanches as the bodies are brought to within a critical separation ({approximately}2 {angstrom}). That is, as the surfaces approach one another, one or both surface layers becomes unstable, and abruptly moves toward the other. This signals a transition from an initial system with two distinct surfaces to one possessing no identifiable surfaces. The presence of adhesive avalanches will pose difficulties in determining adhesive forces and energies by means of atomic force microscopy at sub-nanometer separations of probe tip and sample surface. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Passing the buck: Labor flexibility practices that transfer risk onto hourly workers

The goal of this article is to increase knowledge about the ways that front-line managers use scheduling practices to implement labor flexibility in low-skill, hourly jobs. Data come from a comparative study of 88 non-production jobs in 22 work sites in four industries (hospitality, retail, transportation, and financial services). The focus is on scheduling practices in part-time and full-time standard jobs that allow front-line managers to vary the number of hours employees work each week, the distribution of employees' hours across a week, and the number of employees scheduled for any hours week-to-week. The findings provide insight into the daily accountability requirements that press front-line managers to make quick adjustments to work schedules and the specific scheduling practices that enable them to do so. The discussion considers the extent to which these scheduling practices, like other labor flexibility practices, are implemented in ways that protect some workers from instability at the expense...
Automatic measurement of complex dielectric constant and permeability at microwave frequencies

With the advent of the computer and automatic test equipment, new techniques for measuring complex dielectric constant (e) and permeability (µ) can be considered. Such a technique is described where a system is employed that automatically measures the complex reflection and transmission coefficients that result when a sample of material is inserted in waveguide or a TEM transmission line. Measurement results of e and µ for two common materials are presented.
The Past as Prologue.

What has the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) accomplished in the last 25 years in its efforts to advance medical education, biomedical research, and health delivery in this country? Can the AAMC's past accomplishments help predict how it will respond to future challenges? To answer these questions, the author traces in detail the recent history of the AAMC, focusing on the expansion of the association's role and constituencies and how these and other changes were precipitated by recommendations in the AAMC's 1965 "Coggeshall Report." He also recounts how the AAMC has responded to the pressures and needs of recent years (such as fostering an increase in the number of practicing physicians) and describes in detail the organization and functions of the AAMC's staff, with emphasis on its six divisions and the fact that many of the complex issues that confront the AAMC transcend the boundaries of governance councils and staff divisions and dictate that association policy be based on broad consensus. Looking ahead, he sees at least four important activities that the AAMC will continue to be involved with: fostering the education of more minority students; promoting health services research; finding an appropriate role in the evolution of health care reform; and addressing the need for academic medicine to be more socially responsive. The author concludes that the AAMC's highly regarded record, its organization, and its financial stability all indicate that it will do well as it tackles the issues on the horizon and others not yet in view.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Future trends in protective relaying, substation automation, testing and related standardization

This paper gives an overview of the future trends in the protective relaying area including the substation automation, testing practices and standardization. Regarding the developments of relays, two major trends are predicted: relays becoming more versatile in terms of functions and capabilities; new algorithm based on unconventional techniques such as neural networks and fuzzy logic being introduced for protective relaying. In the substation automation area, two directions of developments are expected: integrating relays together with other intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) into all-digital substation systems; using substation automation systems (including relays) as distributed remote terminal units (RTUs) of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) for energy management system (EMS) applications. In the testing area, two directions are envisioned: further development and use of digital simulators for relay testing; implementation of versatile multi-terminal test configurations for permanent use in substation automation systems. Further development of standards for data integration and information exchange is identified as being critical.
Revitalizing Accounting Education: A Highly Applied Liberal Arts Approach

This paper critically assesses the potential of the liberal arts to contribute to accounting education in the USA. I argue that the contribution that these disciplines can make through current institutional structures is quite limited and highly conflicted. A proposal is made to extract the essential skills that are believed to be produced by the liberal arts. These could be re-embedded in an accounting education that featured the classic professionalism model as a conceptual centerpiece. Consequences of such an approach are extended and limitations are recognized.
Fuzzy logic approach in determining the range of electric vehicle

Some efforts are underway in the automobile industry to determine the distance which an electric car will be able to traverse based on some typical battery conditions. A software package DIANE for modelling battery performance in electric vehicles has recently been developed by Marr, Walsh and Symons (1990). The objective of this paper is to introduce fuzzy logic approach in applying correction factor to the range determined by DIANE. The overall algorithm has been implemented for 8 different cars and 5 different batteries.
Multithreading: a revisionist view of dataflow architectures

Although they are powerful intermediate representations for compilers, pure dataflow graphs are incomplete, and perhaps even undesirable, machine languages. They are incomplete because it is hard to encode critical sections and imperative operations which are essential for the efficient execution of operating system functions, such as resource management. They may be undesirable because they imply a uniform dynamic scheduling policy for all instructions, preventing a compiler from expressing a static schedule which could result in greater run time efficiency, both by reducing redundant operand synchronization, and by using high speed registers to communicate state between instructions. In this paper, we develop a new machine-level programming model which builds upon two previous improvements to the dataflow execution model: sequential scheduling of instructions, and multiported registers for expression temporaries. Surprisingly, these improvements have required almost no architectural changes to explicit token store (ETS) dataflow hardware, only a shift in mindset when reasoning about how that hardware works. Rather than viewing computational progress as the consumption of tokens and the firing of enabled instructions, we instead reason about the evolution of multiple, interacting sequential threads, where forking and joining are extremely efficient. Because this new paradigm has proven so valuable in coding resource management operations and in improving code efficiency, it is now the cornerstone of the Monsoon instruction set architecture and macro assembly language. In retrospect, this suggests that there is a continuum of multithreaded architectures, with pure ETS dataflow and single threaded von Neumann at the extrema. We use this new perspective to better understand the relative strengths and weaknesses of the Monsoon implement ation.
Ka-band GaAs HBT PIN diode switches and phase shifters

In this paper, we present results on millimeter-wave PIN diode switch arms and phase shifters fabricated in our HBT process line. The PIN diode is formed by the base-collector junction of the HBT and is therefore completely compatible with our conventional HBT process. A SPST switch arm exhibited 0.7 dB insertion loss and 21 dB isolation at 35 GHz. A high power version of this switch was capable of handling 29.5 dBm input power with less than 1 dB insertion loss at 17 V reverse bias. Low-pass/high-pass phase shifter bits with relative phase shifts of 45, 90, and 180/spl plusmn/10 degrees up to 36 GHz have also been demonstrated using HBT PIN diodes as switching elements. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of HBT PIN diode circuits at Ka-band. A detailed discussion of the circuit designs and measurements are given in the paper. >
What Influence Does Mathematics Preparation Have on Performance in First Economics Classes

Using data from a Midwestern university, the authors examine whether math preparation, as measured by the level of math preparation entrance exam for freshmen students and subsequent score on the exam, are associated with performance in one's first economics course. The results indicate that the type of exam is related to the grade received in economics, and that higher level math preparation from high school leads to higher probabilities of receiving As and Bs in the economics courses. The score on the preparation exam, however, does not have any relationship with the economics grade. When a control for college calculus or trigonometry was added to the model, the related coefficient was also statistically significant, but when grades in math classes were added, the coefficients on the calculus/trig course and the grades were not significant. The authors conclude that mathematical maturity may be the relevant causal factor in one's first economic course performance.
Similarity and Dissimilarity Between Muscle Force-Length Relationship and Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship

Early studies of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation of the left ventricle showed that it was identical to the isovolumic relationship; this contrasted with the isolated muscle end-systolic force-length relation which fell to the right of the isometric relationship. A discrepancy similar to that of isolated muscle appeared in later studies of the intact heart in which ejection fraction was greater. Further investigation showed that the discrepancy between end-systolic and isovolumic pressure was dependent on (1) the instantaneous rate of ejection, (2) the ejected volume up to the time of end systole and (3) the peak ejection rate of the same beat; the first of these factors predominated. These results are similar to those found in isolated heart muscle and led us to add a pressure dependent dashpot and fixed elastance to our time varying elastance model; there appears to be a shortening induced deactivation factor in addition. The effect of contractility on the shape of the force-length relationship was also found in the end-systolic pressure-volume relation of the left ventricle. Low contractility (extrasystoles) gave curves convex towards the volume axis; high contractility (post-extrasystolic beats, dobutamine) gave curves concave to the volume axis.
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING EDUCATION

We have recently witnessed significant emphasis on improving investor confidence and public trust in financial reports. Reported financial scandals (e.g., Enron, WorldCom, Global Crossing, Qwest, Parmalat) have eroded investor confidence and made forensic accounting an attractive career opportunity for accountants to combat fraud. Forensic accounting is defined in this study as the practice of rigorous data collection and analysis in the areas of litigation support consulting, expert witnessing, and fraud examination. At present, there appears to be a gap between forensic accounting practices and education in the sense that forensic accounting is viewed as one of the most secure career tracks, yet there are only a limited number of accounting programs offering forensic accounting courses. There is little background data available, and rarely any evidence post-Enron, Andersen, and other financial scandals, with respect to the integration of forensic accounting education into the accounting curricula and particularly whether academicians' actions are consistent with the needs of practitioners for well-trained and knowledgeable forensic accountants. This study gathers opinions of both academicians and practitioners regarding the importance, relevance, and delivery of forensic accounting education. Results indicate that the demand for and interest in forensic accounting is expected to continue to increase; more universities are planning to provide forensic accounting education; both groups of respondents viewed forensic accounting education as being relevant and beneficial to accounting students, the business community, the accounting profession, and accounting programs; and the majority of 49 suggested forensic accounting topics are considered as important for integration into the accounting curriculum by both groups of surveyed academicians and practitioners. Results also indicate that some significant differences exist regarding topical coverage of forensic accounting between academicians and practitioners. These results are useful to universities and colleges that are considering integrating forensic accounting education into their curriculum or redesigning their forensic accounting courses.
Thermal tolerance and metabolic responses of two damselfish species from a hyperthermic rockpool nursery in Dry Tortugas National Park, USA

Abstract Beachrock formations on Loggerhead Key in Dry Tortugas National Park, USA are an important nursery for many juvenile reef fishes. Wide variations in temperature are common in these areas and can markedly influence fish metabolism and thermal tolerance. We determined routine resting metabolic rate and temperature quotient (Q10) at 24 and 32°C. Thermal tolerance (measured as critical thermal maximum, CTmax) was also measured for sergeant major (Abudefduf saxitilis) and cocoa damselfish (Stegastes variabilis) acclimatized to beachrock nursery temperatures. Sergeant majors occupied shallow rockpool margins that experience rapid, extreme temperature changes. These fish exhibited relatively low metabolic rates, reduced Q10 values (2.40), and relatively high levels of temperature tolerance (CTmax = 40.0°C). Cocoa damselfish selected deeper, more thermally stable rockpool areas. These fish had higher metabolic rates, were more sensitive to temperature increase (Q10 = 2.84), and were less tolerant of high...
Effect of Environment on Germination of Ascospores of Urnula Craterium

Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr. is believed to be the perfect stage of Conoplea globosa (Schw.) Hughes (6), (Strumella coryneoidea Sacc. & Wint.), which causes an important canker disease of oak and several other hardwoods (5). Germination of ascospores of U. craterium has not been studied critically, although Davidson (5) observed that 90 to 100% of the ascospores shot from an apothecium germinated within 3 to 4 hours on cornmeal agar. Ascocarps from felled bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa Michx., in the spring of 1959 provided fresh material for investigation of ascospore germination. The possible importance of ascospores in long distance spread of the canker disease fungus stimulated this study.
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors in heart failure: a shifting paradigm

Commentary on : McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al.; PARADIGM-HF Investigators and Committees. Angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014;371:993–1004.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] ACE inhibitors prolong survival in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and have served as the backbone of heart failure management for over two decades.1 Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are hormones responsible for maintaining sodium and fluid homoeostasis; their release is triggered by increased myocardial filling pressures. NP benefits include direct vasodilation, increased glomerular filtration rate and reduced release of renin from the kidneys, in addition to natriuresis and diuresis.2 NPs are broken down by the neutral endopeptidase neprilysin, which also helps break down angiotensin II. In heart failure NP levels are elevated due to hypervolemia but are ineffective at relieving excess volume. One method of increasing NP concentrations is to reduce their degradation … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D371%26rft.spage%253D993%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1409077%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25176015%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1409077&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=25176015&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F2%2F61.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000341382800005&link_type=ISI
Bone resorption in vitro and in vivo in PGE-treated mice.

SummaryThe bone-resorbing activity of prostaglandin was assessed in neonatal mouse calvaria maintained in culture as well as in the bones of adult mice in vivo. In an in vitro45Ca-release bioassay, PGE2, the most active compound, produced a maximal stimulation of radiocalcium bone depletion of 89% versus 38% for PGF2α and 12% for PGA1. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg of 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2-methyl ester, a long-acting synthetic analog of PGE2, in several groups of C57/B1/6J mice produced a mean 33% loss of trabecular bone and a 140% increase in the area of bone lined by osteoclasts. Moreover, treatment of 4-month-old mice with di-M-PGE2 for 4 days caused a mean 15% depletion of bone calcium. There were no significant changes in blood calcium with the protocol employed.
3D printed miniaturized spectral system for tissue fluorescence lifetime measurements

Various types of collagens, e.g. type I and III, represent the main load-bearing components in biological tissues. Their composition changes during processes like wound healing and fibrosis. Collagens exhibit autofluorescence when excited by ultra-violet light, distinguishable by their unique fluorescent lifetimes across a range of emission wavelengths. Therefore, we designed a miniaturized spectral-lifetime detection system for collagens as a non-invasive probe for monitoring tissue in wound healing and scarring applications. A sine modulated LED illumination was applied to enable frequency domain (FD) fluorescence lifetime measurements under different wavelengths bands, separated via a series of longpass dichroics at 387nm, 409nm and 435nm. To achieve the minute scale of optomechanics, we employed a stereolithography based 3D printer with <50 μm resolution to create a custom designed optical mount in a hand-held form factor. We examined the characteristics of the 3D printed optical system with finite element modeling to simulate the effect of thermal (LED) and mechanical (handling) strain on the optical system. Using this device, the phase shift and demodulation of collagen types were measured, where the separate spectral bands enhanced the differentiation of their lifetimes.
Stock market capitalisation and economic growth: empirical evidence from Africa

In spite of the fact that financial markets play a significantly positive role in influencing the rate at which economies grow, the existing empirical evidences on the nexus between stock market capitalisation and economic growth remain mixed. This study, therefore, attempt to provide further evidence on the relationship between stock market capitalisation and economic growth using recent data from a sample of African countries with well-functioning stock markets. A dynamic panel approach is employed with a view to assessing the relative impact of stock market capitalisation on the economic growth in Africa. The results from the study show that enhancing stock market capitalisation by a marginal average of 10.0% induces growth by 5.4% in countries studied. The positive and significant relationship between stock market capitalisation and economic growth as demonstrated in this study provides encouraging signals for African countries to explore stock markets as a potential avenue for expediting economic growth. This, therefore, suggests the dire need for policymakers in Africa to direct efforts towards the implementation of policy measures that will encourage the development of stock markets to spur economic growth.
STOCHASTIC INTEGRAL EQUATIONS ( d = 1)

This chapter focuses on Stochastic integral equations ( d ≥ 2). The chapter discusses manifolds and elliptic operators. A d -dimensional manifold M is a path-wise connected Hausdorff space covered by a countable number of open patches U with patch maps j attached. The Weyl's lemma is proven. The diffusions on a manifold, and explosions and harmonic functions are discussed. The chapter discusses the Hasminskii's test for explosions, covering Brownian motions, and the Brownian motions on a Lie group. The Brownian motion of symmetric matrices, and the Brownian motion with oblique reflection are also discussed.
IMITATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE EMERGENCE OF NEW CATEGORIES: THE CASE OF SEED ACCELERATORS 2005 – 2012

This paper outlines the sources of legitimacy and distinctiveness for entrepreneurial ventures entering an emerging market category, particularly as they balance the tension to be “like” and “different from” their category peers. Using an inductive, mixed methods approach we find that new market category entrants imitate the organizational practices of an early, successful category member (a category prototype) while differentiating themselves with three types of organizational identity claims: (1) niche claims, (2) people claims, and/or (3) resource claims. Additionally, we find that the category prototype’s organizational identity and practices influence the collective identity of an emerging market category.
Flotation Froth Image Analysis by Use of a Dynamic Feature Extraction Algorithm

Abstract: Froth image analysis has been well established as a means to infer the performance of froth flotation cells in real time. Apart from linking the appearance of the froth to the behavior of the flotation system, the dynamic behaviour of the froth is also an important determinant of the performance of the flotation cell, and ideally, this information should also be taken into consideration. In this investigation, the dynamic behaviour of the froth was incorporated implicitly in the features extracted from the images. As a case study, mineral mixtures consisting of realgar, orpiment and quartz were floated in a laboratory batch flotation cell. Videographic mages of the froths generated by the experiments and a dynamic local binary pattern algorithm (LBP-TOP) was used to extract features from the video data. A random forest model could subsequently be built to reliably classify the conditions prevailing in each of the batch runs. The dynamic LBP algorithm did not perform significantly better than its 2D equivalent that did not incorporate the temporal behaviour of the froth, as both approaches could very reliably identify the different froth classes.
Rapid Vertebral Osteolysis after Utilization of rhBMP-2

Recent concern regarding the safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in spine surgery has increased awareness of a possible broad spectrum of adverse sequelae of this biologic. However, the impact of BMP-2 on postoperative osteolysis in the setting of lateral lumbar interbody fusion needs to be comprehensively evaluated. Three cases of significant osteolysis within the vertebral body following lumbar surgery supplemented by BMP-2 are presented. A detailed overview of one of the three cases is expanded on for the reader. Despite multiple prior reports, the incidence and spectrum of adverse clinical sequelae related to BMP-2 in the setting of spinal fusion surgery remains to be fully elucidated. Reporting of this delayed complication attributable to BMP-2 use will add to current reports on BMP-2 safety and complications. This case report will increase awareness of the possibility of post-operative osteolysis due to BMP-2 utilization.
Circulating-tumor DNA as an Early Detection and Diagnostic Tool

The development of new circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis techniques has led to an explosion of studies demonstrating exciting clinical applications. Non-invasive genotyping can characterize mutations of interest without the need for an invasive biopsy. Serial ctDNA monitoring can assess response to treatment, and potentially identify mechanisms of resistance. Perhaps most excitingly, sensitive ctDNA analysis methods allow for detection of minimally residual disease, predicting recurrence months before clinical presentation. In this review, we highlight several recent, key studies in the ctDNA field and discuss future advances which would further improve patient care.
Chemical investigation of three plutonium–beryllium neutron sources

Thorough physical and chemical characterization of plutonium–beryllium (PuBe) neutron sources is an important capability with applications ranging from material accountancy to nuclear forensics. Characterization of PuBe sources is not trivial owing to range of existing source designs and the need for adequate infrastructure to deal with radiation and protect the analyst. This study demonstrates a method for characterization of three PuBe sources that includes physical inspection and imaging followed by controlled disassembly and destructive analysis.
Pitch Systems and Curwen Hand Signs: A Review of Literature.

Learning to sing from notation is a complex task, and accurately performing pitches without an external reference can be particularly challenging. As such, the use of mnemonic devices to reinforce ...
Wired: parent–child relationship quality and recreational media use in a diverse sample of US children and adolescents

AbstractMedia use among US children is high and access to new media outlets continues to grow, which has important implications for how children spend their time. This study builds upon research on other lifestyle behaviors to explore the impact of a global rating of parent–child relationship quality on recreational media use (RMU). Data from a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents aged 8–18 years (n = 1727) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression tested the association between parent–child relationship quality and RMU as well as if the association between parent–child relationship quality and RMU varied with age. Overall, higher quality parent–child relationships were associated with lower RMU, but this association was only significant for children aged 11–13 years. This study points to possible intervention strategies to limit excessive media use in children such as improving parent–child relationship quality, especially during the critical period of the pre-teen years.
Buildings with persona

Occupant behavior is one of the most significant contributors to building energy consumption. Employing communication systems to enable buildings to interact with their occupants and influence the way they behave could significantly reduce energy consumption. We investigated the effectiveness of different delivery styles (i.e., avatar, voice, and text), as well as the impact of communicators persona (i.e., building facility manager and building itself) and gender (i.e., male and female) on occupants compliance with pro-environmental requests. The results showed that avatar is more effective than voice and voice is more effective than text on promoting compliance with persuasive pro-environmental requests. In addition, results showed greater compliance with requests made by the persona of a building facility manager than the persona of the building itself. Finally, participants were more likely to comply with the female communicator than the male communicator. Accordingly, this new interaction between buildings and their occupants could impact human behavior. Avatars were found to be more effective than voice at evoking compliance.Avatars and voice were more effective than text at prompting compliance.Participants comply with requests from female communicators more than males.Compliance was greater when personified as the building facility manager rather than the building.
TEACUP: A Tritium Management and Supplemental Core Follow Program

AbstractTEACUP (Tritium Effluent Analysis and Core-follow, Up-to-date and Predictive) is a tritium management and supplemental core follow program that allows its users to account for reactor coolant system (RCS) tritium sources, generate discharge release estimates, account for downstream river flows and concentrations, and calculate corresponding uncertainties. The program incorporates water balance methodologies, tritium production estimates from secondary startup neutron sources, soluble boron content, reactor coolant system tritium measurements, and seasonal river flow estimates.TEACUP was designed specifically to facilitate the tracking of Tritium Producing Burnable Absorber Rod (TPBAR) permeation since measuring in-reactor permeation directly is not feasible and prediction methodologies have thus far been insufficient. A number of models, calculations, and correlations were developed in order to quantify all of the leading sources and losses of tritium in the RCS. By comparing all of the known cont...
Abstract P175: Association of Midlife Hypertension and a Novel Biomarker of Accelerated Epigenetic Age: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a hallmark of aging. A new biomarker of epigenetic age using 513 DNA methylation and clinical bio...
Behind a Law School’s Decision to Implement an Institutional Repository

An institutional repository [IR] is a means to collect the intellectual digital output of an organization. Among the primary goals of the IR are the following: 1. To collect an organization’s documentary output into one virtual location. 2. The genre of these contributions includes not only the traditional papers, but also videos, slide presentations, and anything else that can be preserved in a variety of electronic formats. 3. After collection, the IR offers open access to those materials. 4. The combination of diverse contents and open access culminates in the institution’s heightened visibility on the internet. Assessment of the merits of any IR plan can usefully be framed in terms of these four goals. However conceived, the decision to create an IR represents a significant investment for any institution. The following sections address some of the issues associated with the commitment to initiate and sustain a productive IR. The authors’ home institution, the University of Georgia School of Law chose Digital Commons [DC], the product created and supported by The Berkeley Electronic Press, or “bepress,” as its IR platform.5 For present purposes, therefore, “IR” and “DC” will be used interchangeably. Digital Commons is related to another bepress product, SelectedWorks [SW]. SelectedWorks allows an individual to post his or her papers to a customizable individual page, which can be institutionally branded and related back to the institution’s DC. The following comments are based upon the authors’ own experiences, but are intended to be broadly applicable to any setting considering whether and how to implement an IR.
Assessment and social change: Empowering underserved students to reimagine their future through STEM outreach

Using a STEM conference model is a method for creating social change among underrepresented student populations. Through outreach to local schools, university libraries can help pre-college students gain a better understanding of STEM fields and can ultimately attract more minority students to careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. For eight years, the University of Tennessee (UT) Libraries has hosted a STEM conference for local middle and high school students.