cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Precursors of Bifurcations

Consider a smooth (at least C4) dynamical system (0.1)x˙=f(x,μ) depending on a parameter μ. Suppose that the system is operating around asymptotically stable equilibrium point xe, but at some critical value of the parameter μc the system undergoes a bifurcation where the equilibrium point becomes unstable or vanishes. One would like to estimate how close to the critical parameter value the system is operating when the parameter is not directly measurable. To accomplish this we assume that the system is experiencing a small harmonic noise w(t) (0.2)x˙=f(x,μ)+∊ω(t) whose frequency w is known but whose magnitude ॉ is unknown. An example would be rotating machinery where one would expect the period of the dominant noise to be the same as the period of rotation. By comparing the first, second and third harmonics we will be able to estimate how close μ is to its critical value.
Singular Thought, Cognitivism, and Conscious Attention

The focus of this paper will be on singular thoughts. In the first section I will present Jeshion’s cognitivism; a view that holds that one should characterize singular thoughts by their cognitive roles. In the second section I will argue that, contrary to Jeshion’s claims, results from studies of object tracking in cognitive psychology do not support cognitivism. In the third section I will discuss Jeshion’s easy transmission of singular thought and argue that it ignores a relevant distinction between general and specific understanding of names. Finally, the last section will argue that conscious attention should replace Jeshion’s significance condition as a necessary condition for one to have a singular thought. The paper will show that we need to take seriously the acquaintance requirement for singular thoughts, as even the easy transmission of singular thoughts with the use of names will be called into question.
Vein wall remodeling in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis and chronic postthrombotic changes.

Essentials This study examined vein wall remodeling in acute thrombosis and postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Thrombus-wall interface was measured using ultrasound real-time high definition zoom. Experimental cohorts demonstrated increased vein wall thickness localized to affected segments. Presence of thrombus or PTS are the most important factors affecting wall thickening. SummaryIntroduction A few studies have investigated venous wall remodeling after venous thrombosis by using rodent models. Such information is lacking in humans. This study was designed to determine the acute and chronic effects of thrombus on the vein wall. Methods Patients aged > 16 years with deep vein thrombosis diagnosed by duplex ultrasound were assessed by the use of case–control methodology. Those with recurring thrombotic episodes, cardiorespiratory disease, terminal cancer, morbid obesity, penetrating trauma or significant inflammation were excluded. High-resolution ultrasound was employed to determine wall thickness, with strict quality criteria and inclusion of only technically adequate ultrasound images. Results Data were collected from patients with acute thrombosis (35), patients with chronic postthrombotic changes (15), and unaffected controls (32), with 853 total vein segments being analyzed. As compared with controls (mean 0.37 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.38 mm), venous wall thickness was increased in acute (mean 0.63 mm; 95% CI 0.61–0.64 mm) and postthrombotic (mean 0.85 mm; 95% CI 0.80–0.91 mm) venous segments. Ipsilateral, contralateral and unaffected control vein segments were not different. Ipsilateral segments were thicker than controls in postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) patients, but not in acute patients. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated small impacts of age and sex on vein wall thickness. Conclusions Wall thickness increases in all lower-tcglimb venous segments of patients with acute and postthrombotic disease. Age and sex may affect wall thickness, although further investigation is required to clarify their impact. The equivalence of ipsilateral and unaffected control segments suggests that acute vein wall remodeling is mediated through direct interaction with the thrombus, whereas remodeling in PTS patients may be affected by other factors.
Transcoding Sexuality: Computational Performativity and Queer Code Practices

Scholarship in the history of computer programming has demonstrated how the contributions of engineers have been erased due to gendered assumptions of labor and science. I argue that such erasure parallels a gendered epistemology of mastery embedded in computer programming itself. Towards this, I extrapolate and refine the concept of “computational performativity,” drawing from media theorists Katherine Hayles and Wendy Chun, to put forth a gender performativity of code. Looking at two queer code art objects—Zach Blas’s transCoder and Julie Levin Russo’s Slash Goggles —as well as production code in the C programming language, I argue for a critical move away from representation as the seat of meaning in code, and towards a performative understanding of gendered code through “contexts of complexity.” Focusing on complexity and interrelationships allows scholars to read code as gendered, and to furthermore leverage such reading to propose and enact queer “failures” in code as rhetorical critiques of software.
m6A and eIF2α-ⓟ Team Up to Tackle ATF4 Translation during Stress

While m6A modification of mRNAs is now known to be widespread, the cellular roles of this modification remain largely mysterious. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Zhou et al. (2018) show that m6A modification unexpectedly contributes to the established uORF- and eIF2α-ⓟ-dependent mechanism of ATF4 translational regulation in response to stress.
Reminders of cancer risk and pain catastrophizing: relationships with cancer worry and perceived risk in women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer

First-degree relatives of women with breast cancer may experience increased worry or perceived risk when faced with reminders of their own cancer risk. Worry and risk reminders may include physical symptoms (e.g., persistent breast pain) and caregiving experiences. Women who engage in pain catastrophizing may be particularly likely to experience increased distress when risk reminders are present. We examined the degree to which persistent breast pain and experience as a cancer caregiver were related to cancer worry and perceived risk in first-degree relatives of women with breast cancer (N = 85) and how catastrophic thoughts about breast pain could impact these relationships. There was a significant interaction between persistent breast pain and pain catastrophizing in predicting cancer worry (p = .03); among women who engaged in pain catastrophizing, cancer worry remained high even in the absence of breast pain. Pain catastrophizing also moderated the relationships between caregiving involvement and cancer worry (p = .003) and perceived risk (p = .03). As the degree of caregiving responsibility increased, cancer worry and perceived risk increased for women who engaged in pain catastrophizing; levels of cancer worry and perceived risk remained low and stable for women who did not engage in pain catastrophizing regardless of caregiving experience. The results suggest that first-degree relatives of breast cancer survivors who engage in pain catastrophizing may experience greater cancer worry and perceived risk and may benefit from interventions aimed at reducing catastrophic thoughts about pain.
Biopsychosocial Approaches to Understanding Chronic Pain and Disability

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, pain began to be identified in clinical research and medical settings as a fifth vital sign (in addition to pulse, blood pressure, temperature, and respiration). Pain has become such a common medical problem in the USA that an estimated 10% of doctor visits result from pain being reported as the chief complaint (Woodwell, D. A. (2000). National Ambulatory Medical Survey: 1998 Summary Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics No. 315. Hyattsville, MO, National Center for Health Statistics.), and more than 50 million Americans are impacted by pain annually, with costs exceeding $70 billion annually in healthcare costs and lost productivity according to experts (Gatchel, R. J. & Mayer, T. G. (2000) Occupational musculoskeletal disorders: Introduction and overview of the problem. In T. G. Mayer, R. J. Gatchel, & P. B. Polatin (Eds.), Occupational musculoskeletal disorders: function, outcomes, and evidence (pp. 3–8). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). This chapter will introduce and review in some detail the current understanding of the biopsychosocial (BPS) perspective of pain. This more inclusive approach to understanding and helping people manage their pain has proven to be the most heuristic method when considering issues of pain etiology, assessment, and treatment. In order to understand how clinicians and researchers arrived at this perspective, it is first important to have some understanding of what theories came before and led up to the BPS perspective.
Localized fibrous tumor of the serosal cavities. Immunohistochemical, electron-microscopic, and flow-cytometric DNA study

Localized fibrous tumor of the serosal cavities (localized fibrous mesothelioma) is a generally benign spindle cell neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. Fourteen histologically similar primary tumors from different mesothelium-lined sites (11 pleural and 1 each in the pericardium, peritoneal cavity, and pouch of Douglas) and 2 recurrences of those tumors (pericardium and pouch of Douglas) were examined histopathologically and by flow cytometry to relate histologic features and DNA ploidy to biologic behavior (follow-up, 48-255 months among 13 patients). All 16 tumors (14 primaries and 2 recurrences) displayed diploid DNA pattern, and none of 13 patients died of disease (1 patient was lost to follow-up). To elucidate the histogenesis, seven primary tumors were examined for vimentin and keratin immunostaining and six primary tumors were assessed by electron microscopy. All cases exhibited spindle-fibroblastic cell proliferation with a prominent hemangiopericytic pattern. All cases so examined had positive results for vimentin and negative results for keratin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed mesenchymal-fibroblastic features. These results support a mesenchymal origin, most likely from submesothelial fibroblasts. Further, this neoplasm may recur but retain its basic histologic features, diploidy, and benign outcome.
Repossessing Property in South Asia: Land, Rights, and Law across the Early Modern/Modern Divide-Introduction

The introductory essay to this special double issue on “Repossessing Property in South Asia: Land, Rights and Law Across the Early Modern/Modern Divide” reviews existing historical scholarship on land control and proprietary right in the Indian subcontinent in order to contextualize the contribution made by the articles that follow. Dividing earlier writings—by historians and anthropologists since the 1950s—into three phases/thematics, the introduction shows how work on South Asia has long grappled with property both as a material relation and as an alien cultural category. Making the case that we must think about property’s conceptual history as being necessitated by more than just the critique of Eurocentrism, the essay clarifies how the articles that follow both continue and extend past discussion. Overall, it argues that by providing integrated perspectives on property’s material and ideational dimensions, our articles will be illuminating both to scholars of Afro-Asia and those interested in law, political economy and political culture more generally.
Postoperative Complications After Rib Fracture Repair

Complications related to rib fracture fixation must be discerned from complications directly related to the underlying chest trauma. Pneumonia, empyema, ARDS, and prolonged ventilation are all common in this population, but it appears that these complications may be reduced with rib fracture fixation suggesting that they are not the result of fixation in most cases. Patients undergoing fixation have low rates of wound infection, hardware infection, plate migration, bleeding, chronic pain, dyspnea, or chest tightness. Further long-term follow-up studies determine the true incidence of these complications.
Acromegaly: Diagnosis and Management in Patients Who Present with Discrepancy Between IGF-1 and GH

An 18-year-old woman presented with galactorrhea and was thought to have a prolactinoma. As acromegaly signs and symptoms progressed, she proved to have an elevated GH nadir on oral glucose tolerance test but IGF1 was initially normal. The disease progressed and IGF-1 became elevated over time. She required two pituitary surgeries and radiation in addition to medical therapies for acromegaly. The case of discrepancy between IGF1 and GH levels is discussed as well as the management strategy for aggressive cases of acromegaly in which disease persists after pituitary surgery.
Induction of metabolic oxidative stress and sensitization to radio-chemotherapies via targeting of NAMPT

Due to tumor heterogeneity related to the inherent metabolic plasticity of cancer cells, attempts to target lung cancer metabolism thus far have yielded limited success. One potential solution to this problem is targeting of specific metabolites that 1) are required by tumor cells of all metabolic phenotypes, 2) whose synthesis and/or breakdown are commonly dysregulated in tumor cells, and 3) whose levels are regulated by a limited number of targetable enzymes. One group of metabolites includes NAD+ as well as NADH, NADP+ and NADPH, all of which are generated from NAD+. Tumor cells preferentially rely on the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis driven by the rate-limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). We hypothesize that targeting of NAMPT will result in selective increases in markers of metabolic oxidative stress and sensitization of cancer cells to standard-of-care therapies and inhibitors of hydroperoxide metabolism. Physiologically relevant doses (10-50 nM) of NAMPT inhibitors (FK866, GMX-1778) are selectively toxic to lung cancer cells but not normal human fibroblasts. Toxicity is prevented by supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside. NAMPT inhibition results in NAD(P)(H) and glutathione depletion as well as marked sensitization to ML-162 (Gpx4 inhibitor), Auranofin (TrxR inhibitor), cisplatin, ionizing radiation and pharmacological ascorbate (AscH-). These results suggest that NAMPT inhibitors may serve as promising adjuvants for cancer therapy based on their ability to selectively target fundamental differences in NAD(P)(H) metabolism in cancer versus normal cells. (Funded by T32CA78586 and R01CA182804).
The Possessive Investment in White Sociology

In this feature review we explore the idea that the discipline is collectively, possessively invested in a particular version of itself—white sociology. We think through some of the key elements of...
Thermal gelation of Pacific whiting surimi in microwave assisted pasteurization

Abstract This research invetigated the potential of microwave assisted pasteurization systems (MAPS) for production of molded or thick sheeted products from Pacific whiting (PW) surimi. Prior to MAPS processing, a systematic study was conducted to evaluate the effect of heating rate on textural properties of PW gels by heating surimi paste from 3 °C/min to 24 °C/min. No gel was formed at a slow heating rate (3 °C/min). Gels with greater strength were achieved with higher heating rates. The heating pattern for the surimi pastes in microwave heating was predicted using a gellan gel model food in which 2% salt and 40% sucrose were added to adjust the dielectric properties. Prepackaged PW surimi paste in pouches were pasteurized to a similiar leathal lethalty for non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores with MAPS or water bath as control. The breaking force and penetration distance of the PW surimi gels were significantly (P
GroupCast: Preference-aware cooperative video streaming with scalable video coding

In this paper, we propose a Preference Aware Cooperative video streaming system for videos encoded using Scalable Video Coding (SVC) where all contributing users are interested in watching the same video on a single screen. Each user's willingness to cooperate is subjected to their own constraint such as user data plan (unlimited, 6GB, 2GB, •••, etc). Using SVC, each layer of every chunk can be fetched through only one of the cooperating users. We formulate the quality decisions of video chunks and fetching policy of the SVC layers subject to the available bandwidth, chunk deadlines, and cooperation willingness of the different users as an optimization problem. The objective is to jointly minimize the re-buffering time, maximize the average quality, and minimize the number of quality switches without violating any of the imposed constraints. We propose an offline algorithm to solve the non-convex optimization problem. This algorithm has a complexity that is polynomial in the video length and the number of cooperating users. Further, this algorithm is shown to be optimal in certain special cases. Moreover, we propose an online algorithm for more practical scenarios where erroneous bandwidth prediction for a short window is used. Simulations driven by real SVC encoded video and real bandwidth traces of a public dataset reveal the robustness and high-performance achievement of our scheme. The results motivate our next step of implementing real test bed.
Preference elicitation and robust winner determination for single- and multi-winner social choice

Abstract The use of voting schemes based on rankings of alternatives to solve social choice problems can often impose significant burden on voters, both in terms of communication and cognitive requirements. In this paper, we develop techniques for preference elicitation in voting settings (i.e., vote elicitation) that can alleviate this burden by minimizing the amount of preference information needed to find (approximately or exactly) optimal outcomes. We first describe robust optimization techniques for determining winning alternatives given partial preference information (i.e., partial rankings) using the notion of minimax regret. We show that the corresponding computational problem is tractable for some important voting rules, and intractable for others. We then use the solution to the minimax-regret optimization as the basis for vote elicitation schemes that determine appropriate preference queries for voters to quickly reduce potential regret. We apply these techniques to multi-winner social choice problems as well, in which a slate of alternatives must be selected, developing both exact and greedy robust optimization procedures. Empirical results on several data sets validate the effectiveness of our techniques.
Fever-Induced Brugada-Pattern Electrocardiogram.

Abstract Background Brugada syndrome is an increasingly recognized syndrome characterized by a particular electrocardiography (ECG) pattern and clinical criteria and has a high incidence of sudden death in patients with structurally normal hearts. The Brugada ECG pattern can be unmasked by drugs, ischemia, and fever. Case Report We present the case of a 47-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms and syncope. On arrival, he was febrile and his ECG showed a Brugada pattern. Although this pattern resolved once his fever resolved, the cardiologists were concerned that his syncopal episode might have been due to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and the patient was admitted for implantable cardiac defibrillator placement. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Fever and other stressors can unmask a Brugada pattern on ECG, and if patients have concerning clinical criteria, they should receive emergent cardiology follow-up.
Walking metals: catalytic difunctionalization of alkenes at nonclassical sites.

Migration of metals along a carbon chain is triggered by two of the most common organometallic elementary steps – β-hydride (β-H) elimination and alkene hydrometallation. This process heralds a new future for creating bonds at carbon sites that fall outside the tenets of the conventional wisdom for reactivity and bond formation, and provides an opportunity to leverage β-H elimination to advance the very reaction of alkene difunctionalization it is intrinsically predestined to disrupt. Almost four decades since its genesis, the early adventure for alkene difunctionalization by metal migration was sporadic, and its later development went on a hiatus primarily due to original impetus on arresting β-H elimination for vicinal alkene difunctionalization. With the recent surge on alkene difunctionalization, efforts have been gradually shifting to harnessing the process of β-H elimination to difunctionalize alkenes at sites other than the classical vicinal carbons, termed henceforth nonclassical reaction sites for pedagogical simplicity. In this review article, we extricate and examine the origin and the development of such reactions over the years. This review covers a wide range of reactions for the difunctionalization of alkenes at geminal (1,1), allylic (1,3) and remote (1,n) carbon sites with a variety of coupling partners. These reactions have enabled engineering of complex molecular frameworks with the generation of new carbon–carbon (C–C)/C–C, C–C/C–heteroatom (halogens, O, N, B) and C–B/C–B bonds. The development of these unique transformations is also presented with mechanistic hypotheses and experimental evidences put forward by researchers. Judged by the number of reports emerging recently, it is now strikingly evident that the field of alkene difunctionalization by metal migration has begun to gain momentum, which holds a great future prospect to develop into a synthetic method of enormous potential.
The role of marketing channels in consumers’ promotional point redemption decisions

Abstract Organizations employ loyalty programs to entice customers to repurchase their products and services. One popular promotional tool is the award of loyalty points. For this promotion to be effective, customers need to redeem these points. Currently, researchers opine that customers tend to stockpile these points. This study investigates customers’ point redemption behavior in an omni-channel environment and posits that point redemption is a two-stage decision: whether to redeem and how many points to redeem. In the first stage, the results show that purchasing through PC channel positively impacts the probability of redeeming the points. However, in the second stage, purchasing through the mobile channel has a positive effect on the number of points redeemed. In an omni-channel world, different channels complement each other by enhancing the effectiveness of various marketing activities. Findings of this research highlight the role played by the online channels in encouraging customers’ point redemption behavior.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in Bouveret's syndrome: A case report with review of the literature.

Abstract Bouveret's syndrome is a rare form of gallstone ileus occurring due to obstructing gallstone into the proximal duodenum through a cholecystoduodenal fistula. We report the case of a 72-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain secondary to a large gallstone in the region of the duodenal bulb, causing the upstream gastric obstruction. Here we discuss the clinical features, imaging technologies, and surgical management of Bouveret's syndrome.
Acoustic steering of audible and ultrasonic waves using THermally-induced Optical Reflection of Sound (THORS)

In this work, we describe the phenomenon, Thermally-induced Optical Reflection of Sound (THORS), and how it can be used to optically steer acoustic waves around a 90 degree corner of a physical obstruction, where observed acoustic amplitudes are increased by a factor of 30. In addition, we discuss the introduction of ultrasonic waves to the THORS phenomenon, and preliminary results for THORS barriers generated in ambient air, using a 5.3-5.7 μm CO laser source.The manipulation and guiding of sound waves have typically required the use of physical barriers for the reflection of an incident pressure wave. With the manipulation of acoustic waves being critical for many applications in scientific and engineering fields, including subsurface tissue imaging, photoacoustic sensing, secure communications, acoustic stealth technology, and acoustic design engineering; the requirement for physical barriers often represents a significant limitation. The recently discovered phenomenon THermally-induced Optical Reflection of Sound (THORS), provides the ability to generate acoustically reflective barriers, in air, by exciting media in the path of an IR laser beam, causing abrupt changes in compressibility between the excited and surrounding media. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to efficiently reflect sound waves around physical obstructions using a laser. Additionally, this work demonstrates the ability to also manipulate ultrasonic waves via THORS barriers, where the reflection and suppression of ultrasonic pulses in the frequency range of 120-300 kHz are shown. Finally, preliminary results demonstrating the ability to employ THORS in ambient air using water vapor as the absorbing media and a 5.5 μm CO laser beam for excitation.
The Impact of Medications on Esophageal Motility

The purpose of this review is to highlight the impact of common medications on esophageal motility. Esophageal motility is mediated through a complex network of neural innervation. Opioids lead to ...
Low Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Dioxide Films

Diethylsilane (DES) has been used as a precursor to produce silicon dioxide films by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. These films were synthesized in the temperature range of 350° to 475° C with the growth rate observed to follow an Arrhenius behavior with an apparent activation energy of 10 kcal/mol. The growth rate was seen to increase with higher pressure and to vary as a function of the square root of the O2 flow rate and O2/DES ratio. In both the pressure and the O2/DES ratio studies conducted at 400° C, there were points of abrupt cessation in deposition. The density and index of refraction of the films were found to be 2.25 g/cm3 and 1.46 respectively independent of deposition conditions. The etch rate of the films in a 25° C P-etch solution was observed to decrease with higher deposition or annealing temperatures reflecting densification of the material. Despite severe aspect ratios, the films were seen to exhibit good step coverage.
Psychological contract breach's antecedents and outcomes in salespeople: The roles of psychological climate, job attitudes, and turnover intention☆

Abstract Salespeople develop expectations of their organization based on actual and perceived promises. When the organization does not fulfill these promises, psychological contract breach occurs. This study investigates the association between psychological climate aspects, psychological contract breach, job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment), and turnover intention in salespeople. Using a sample of 308 respondents, results indicate that (1) psychological climate dimensions of autonomy, involvement, performance feedback, and clarity of organizational goals affect psychological contract breach, (2) psychological contract breach mediates the impact of autonomy, involvement, performance feedback, and clarity of organizational goals on job attitudes, and (3) job attitudes mediate the impact of psychological contract breach on turnover intention. Findings support psychological contract breach as a critical framework for understanding salesperson–employer relationships.
Heidegger and the Earth: Essays in Environmental Philosophy

Abbreviations of Works by Martin Heidegger Editors' Introduction Ladelle McWhorter and Gail Stenstad Part I: Thining Earth Guilt as Management Technology: A Call to Heideggerian Reflection Ladelle McWhorter Hedeigger and Ecology Hanspeter Padrutt Earth-Thinking and Transformation Kenneth Maly Singing the Earth Gail Stenstad Call of the Earth: Endowment and (Delayed) Response Robert Mugerauer Part II: Animals and the World The Word's Silent Spring: Heidegger and Herder on Animality and the Origins of Language Tom Greaves Environmental Management in the Age of the World Picture Dennis Skocz Humanity as Shepherd of Being: Heidegger's Philosophy and the Animal Other Donald Turner Part III: Poesis and Dwelling The Path of a Thinking, Poeticizing Building: The Strange Uncanniness of Human Being on Earth Steven Davis Dwelling in the Poetry of Space Remmon Barbaza Meeting Place Thomas Davis Eating Ereignis, or: Conversation on a Suburban Lawn Ladelle McWhorter and Gail Stenstad Down to Earth Mystery Gail Stenstad Bibliography of Works by Martin Heidegger Index About the Contributors
Embryo-lethal mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. A model system for genetic analysis of plant embryo development.

Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana (Cruciferae) has been chosen as a model system for mutant analysis of plant embryo development. The isolation and characterization of embryo-lethal mutants of Arabidopsis are simplified by the following genetic and developmental characteristics: (1) Aborted seeds can be easily recognized in both immature and mature fruits; (2) spontaneous or physiological embryo abortion is rare; (3) individual fruits contain 30–60 seeds and show clear segregation of normal and aborted seeds in plants heterozygous for embryo-lethal mutations; (4) mature plants contain hundreds of seeds at every stage of development; (5) the generation time of 5–6 weeks is one of the shortest among flowering plants; (6) the diploid chromosome number is 10, and a large number of morphological mutants are available for linkage studies; (7) plants naturally self-pollinate but can be experimentally cross-pollinated; (8) the pattern of normal embryo development is very similar to that of Capsella , a plant used extensively for descriptive and experimental studies; (9) embryo and ovule culture can be used to study the biochemistry of mutant embryos; and (10) the isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants is possible because mature plants are small and viable over a wide range of temperatures. This report describes normal development in Arabidopsis thaliana , strain “Columbia,” and outlines the system used to identify embryo-lethal mutants. A method of classifying embryo-lethal mutants as cellular, nutritional, or developmental lethals is presented, and the potential application of these mutants to the study of normal embryo development is discussed.
21st Century Virtual Language Learning Environments (VLLEs)

Learning a foreign language (L2) has never been more efficiently done than through immersion in the target culture. By comparison, learning in a traditional classroom has proven to lead only to limited proficiency. But traveling to the target country is still inaccessible for many L2 learners. Investing in the tremendous array of technologies that have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century could bring us one step closer. This essay overviews the body of research on Virtual Language Learning Environments (VLLEs), considered as promising venues to approximate the type of naturalistic learning that happens in real-life immersion. Drawing on research in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theories, this paper intends to provide a clearer picture of what virtuality entails for the L2 learning process, and to offer research-based suggestions on what to look for to integrate VLLEs in the L2 curriculum.
Development of Detroit Diesel Allison 6V-92TA methanol fueled coach engine

Methanol has emerged as a near-term alternate to diesel fuel. The extremely low cetane rating of methanol has to this time precluded its use as a compression ignition fuel. Detroit Diesel Allison Division of General Motors has developed a version of the Series 92 two-stroke engine that is capable of operating on neat methanol by autoignition when the engine is at normal operating temperatures. This development was made possible by controlling the scavenging process to produce the desired in-cylinder conditions at the time of fuel injection. Glow plugs are used for starting and light load operation. Development methodology and engine modifications are described and detailed performance and emission data are presented.
Localized pulmonary fluid collections in congestive failure simulating tumors. Phantom tumors of the lung.

Abstract Three cases are reported presenting localized lung “tumors” which disappeared following treatment for congestive heart failure. The literature is reviewed and the importance of recognizing the involved etiologic factors is stressed, particularly in these days when early exploratory thoracotomy may be recommended.
Rezar por encima de las fronteras: cómo los inmigrantes están cambiando el panorama religioso

Los discursos sobre migracion, religion y nacion no estan en sintonia con la realidad cotidiana de las personas por varias razones. Primera, todavia esperamos que los migrantes corten sus lazos con sus paises de origen, cuando la realidad es que al mismo tiempo se integran a sus nuevas comunidades y, al mismo tiempo, mantienen contactos con sus paises de origen. Segunda, la forma que tenemos de entender a la religion esta sumamente basada en una vision cristiana que no siempre tiene que ver con las vidas religiosas de muchas personas. Tercero, pensamos que el mundo esta logica y automaticamente organizado por Estados–nacion cuando, cada vez mas, los procesos y relaciones sociales cruzan fronteras. En este articulo, propongo una manera distinta de entender la migracion, la religion y la nacion, con el argumento de que las personas que saben vivir entre dos comunidades y traducir entre dos contextos religiosos y sociales estan ganando la carrera en el mundo global en que vivimos
Structural and functional domains of the Drosophila ncd microtubule motor protein.

Abstract Nonclaret disjunctional (ncd) is a kinesin-related microtubule motor protein that is required for proper chromosome distribution in Drosophila. Despite its sequence similarity to kinesin heavy chain, ncd translocates with the opposite polarity as kinesin, toward microtubule minus ends. We have expressed different regions of the protein in bacteria and analyzed the proteins for function. Results indicate that ncd consists of three domains: a basic, proline-rich N-terminal "tail," a central alpha-helical coiled-coil stalk, and a C-terminal motor domain. The ncd N terminus proteins bundle microtubules in motility assays and show ATP-independent binding to microtubules in solution. Truncated proteins, lacking the tail but containing the predicted motor domain and differing lengths of the stalk, did not support microtubule gliding in in vitro assays but showed microtubule-stimulated MgATPase activity in solution. Addition of a nonspecific N terminus to two of the truncated proteins restored directional gliding and rotation of microtubules in motility assays, demonstrating that these properties map to the predicted mechanochemical domain of ncd. Physical properties of the C terminus proteins indicate that the stalk region is important for dimerization and that the ncd protein probably exists and functions as a dimer.
Task force 5: Expert testimony and opinions.

The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA), premier organizations in cardiovascular medicine, are considered trusted sources of consensus about matters related to cardiovascular health. It is important to make clear when one is or is not representing one of these organizations. Members of the ACCF or the AHA have a variety of roles aside from their professional relationships with these organizations. Delineation of these varying roles may not always be entirely clear. A member's particular expertise in research or as a care provider naturally provides the impetus for his or her official contributions to the organization's programs, written position statements, and guidelines. Individuals may also serve each organization in a variety of official capacities, including as officers, board members, committee chairs, and members. It is the responsibility of the individual member not to misrepresent or imply an opinion as being that of the ACCF or the AHA unless the person is functioning as an officially designated representative of either organization. This may require a formal statement by the individual to exclude any possibility that his or her personal opinion could be reasonably interpreted as being that of the organization (as may be the case if one's organizational service or contributions are highlighted as part of one's qualifications as an expert), unless organizational affiliation is absent from the stated qualifications. This is particularly important if the expert is an officer, board member, or committee chair of the ACCF or the AHA. An individual's qualifications as an expert are often based on recognized clinical expertise, which is at times difficult to quantify, or on one's contributions to medical knowledge based on research productivity as reflected in peer-review publications. Both ACCF and AHA volunteers (and staff) file annual conflict of interest declarations. Spokespersons for specific topic areas …
Assessing EMI noise due to the marine environment to enhance underwater UXO detection and discrimination

We assess the noise level caused by marine environments in underwater UXO discrimination studies. Underwater UXO detection and discrimination is subject to additional noise sources, which are not present in land-based scenarios. Particularly, we study the effects of water surface roughness on the diffusion of EMI (electromagnetic induction) fields through the air-water interface and the interaction effects between an underwater conducting object and its surrounding conductive medium. Numerical simulations are conducted using the 3-dimensional setup of the Method of Auxiliary Sources suitable for low-frequency regime. Water surface roughness is modeled as an interference pattern between a finite number of surface waves with varying amplitudes, wavelengths and propagation directions. The results indicate that the perturbations in diffused and scattered EMI fields due to water surface roughness are negligible (although they depend on the shape of water surface) and that these perturbations decay with distance from the interface. Thus, the conducting water body may be assumed to represent a half-space in subsequent calculations for UXO detection. Finally, it is shown that there is some interaction between a conducting object and its surrounding conductive environment for frequencies above 100 kHz. This interaction is attenuated if the object is surrounded by an insulating shell, but is amplified if the shell is conducting. This non-negligible effect needs to be taken into account for the purposes of UXO detection and discrimination.
Global optimization of semi-infinite programs via restriction of the right-hand side

An algorithm is proposed for the global solution of semi-infinite programs (SIPs) without convexity assumptions. It terminates finitely with a guaranteed feasible point, and a certificate of ϵ f -optimality. The only assumptions are continuity of the functions and existence of an ϵ f -optimal SIP-Slater point. The lower and upper bounds are obtained by the solution of two nonconvex nonlinear programs (NLP) each, thus shifting the nonconvexity to the global NLP solver. The main contribution of this article is a new procedure for the generation of feasible points. These are obtained by a restriction of the constraints right-hand side by ϵ g > 0 and a successively finer discretization of the parameter set. A suitable decreasing sequence of ϵ g → 0 leads to convergence of the generated upper bound. The converging lower bound is obtained by successively tighter discretization, following the principle of Blankenship and Falk [Infinitely constrained optimization problems, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 19 (1976), pp...
Gemcitabine/Carboplatin in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Phase II Study of 28-Day and 21-Day Schedules

Abstract BACKGROUND: The combination of gemcitabine/carboplatin is active and is widely used for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The optimum schedule for the administration of these agents is not currently known. This study compared 2 different combinations of carboplatin/gemcitabine to identify a schedule with a superior therapeutic index. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 28-day schedule used gemcitabine 1100 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin to an area under the curve (AUC) of 5 on day 8. The 21-day schedule used gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 plus carboplatin to an AUC of 5 on day 1. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-nine chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB NSCLC (with malignant pleural effusion) or stage IV NSCLC were accrued. Grade 3/4 toxicities with the 28-day and 21-day schedules were anemia (4.8% and 6.9% of cycles, respectively), neutropenia (9.1% and 10.7% of cycles, respectively), and thrombocytopenia (8% and 14.4% of cycles, respectively). Thirty-four patients (13.2%) received blood transfusions with the 28-day regimen, as did 43 (20%) with the 21-day regimen, and no bleeding episodes occurred. Overall response rates were 22.8% with the 28-day schedule and 32.6% with the 21-day schedule ( P = 0.0338). Median survival and 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 9.8 months, 38.6%, and 15.7%, respectively, with the 28-day schedule and 12 months, 49.1%, and 15.8%, respectively, with the 21-day schedule ( P = 0.5098). CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine/carboplatin demonstrated efficacy comparable to other platinum agent doublets. Either schedule can be recommended, as differences in survival between groups were not significant.
Application of Raman multivariate curve resolution to solvation-shell spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) are combined to yield a powerful spectroscopic method for identifying solute-induced perturbations of solvent molecules. The principles and applications of the resulting solvation-shell spectroscopy are described and illustrated using both numerical model spectra and experimental Raman spectra, including water in acetone and aqueous OH−, as well as of both neutral and ionic acetic acid solutions. The results illustrate the quantitative capabilities of Raman-MCR as a solvation-shell spectroscopy, including fundamental limitations arising from “intensity” and “rotational” ambiguities.
Cross-campus collaboration: A scientometric and network case study of publication activity across two campuses of a single institution

Team science and collaboration have become crucial to addressing key research questions confronting society. Institutions that are spread across multiple geographic locations face additional challenges. To better understand the nature of cross-campus collaboration within a single institution and the effects of institutional efforts to spark collaboration, we conducted a case study of collaboration at Cornell University using scientometric and network analyses. Results suggest that cross-campus collaboration is increasingly common, but is accounted for primarily by a relatively small number of departments and individual researchers. Specific researchers involved in many collaborative projects are identified, and their unique characteristics are described. Institutional efforts, such as seed grants and topical retreats, have some effect for researchers who are central in the collaboration network, but were less clearly effective for others. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Thermal Behavior of Oscillating Squeeze Films

An analytical solution to the energy equation is provided for oscillating squeeze film flow, such as that which occurs in squeeze film damper bearings. Assumptions are: (a) the usual lubrication conditions for two-dimensional flow, (b) small oscillations, and (c) constant viscosity. Specific conditions are established for the latter assumption, which may be in force for stably operated squeeze film bearings. Relatively simple expressions are presented for the thermal performance variables (temperature field, average temperature, Nusselt number) for a variety of cases. The results are interesting from a heat transfer point of view in that the proper energy balance consists of dissipation, conduction, and storage terms, rather than convection terms as is usual in lubrication studies. Thus inferences drawn from other thermal analyses may be in error. Both average cross-film temperature rise and heat transfers are seen to increase from zero Peclet number and asympotically approach constant values. Due to the negligible convection conditions, the conventional definitions of bulk temperature, Nusselt number, and Peclet number are not appropriate. As a result of the thermal storage effect, interesting temporal phase-shift and temperature swing effects are exhibited.
Courtship and Spawning Behavior in the California Sheephead, Semicossyphus Pulcher (Pisces: Labridae)

We recorded the courtship and spawning behavior of a protogynous fish, the California sheephead, Semicossyphus pulcher, throughout their spawning season at Bird Rock, Santa Catalina Island, California. We made additional observations at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and confirmed the details of behavior seen in the field. Large males held spawning territories in which females congregated approximately 1 h before sunset. Courtship commenced shortly before sunset and involved the male approaching each female, making lateral contact and leading her in a circular pattern. Smaller males attempted to court females within the territories, prompting large males to abort spawns and engage in chasing behavior with small males. Females visited several territorial males throughout the day, indicating that they are not part of a strict harem. Both field and aquarium observations confirm that the mating system can be successfully predicted from the size advantage model. Current regulations on the sheephead fishery, which allow for the removal of large, rare males, could have significant effects on the social structure, reproductive output, and mating processes of local populations. Moreover, understanding the mating system of the California sheephead illustrates the need for creating management strategies that better complement the unique life histories of marine fishes with alternative reproductive strategies.
The dual role of polyelectrolytes and proteins as mineralization promoters and inhibitors of calcium oxalate monohydrate

Polyelectrolytes and protein molecules appear to be able to act not only as crystallization inhibitors when present in solution, but also as promoters of crystal growth when immobilized onto surfaces. Because this is especially relevant for systems in which heterogeneous nucleation can occur, the influence of poly-L-glutamic (PGlu) acid, poly-L-aspartic (PAsp) acid, and human serum albumin (HSA) on the nucleation and growth inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was studied using the Constant Composition (CC) kinetics technique. The overgrowth of COM on hydroxyapatite (HAP) seed crystals pretreated with HSA was also investigated. Pronounced differences in inhibiting and nucleating potential were found for the various additives. HSA, a relatively poor growth inhibitor when present in solution, was found to nucleate very regular, hexagonal COM crystals when immobilized on a surface and to enhance the overgrowth of COM when adsorbed on HAP surfaces.