cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secure web applications via automatic partitioning

Swift is a new, principled approach to building web applications that are secure by construction. In modern web applications, some application functionality is usually implemented as client-side code written in JavaScript. Moving code and data to the client can create security vulnerabilities, but currently there are no good methods for deciding when it is secure to do so. Swift automatically partitions application code while providing assurance that the resulting placement is secure and efficient. Application code is written as Java-like code annotated with information flow policies that specify the confidentiality and integrity of web application information. The compiler uses these policies to automatically partition the program into JavaScript code running in the browser, and Java code running on the server. To improve interactive performance, code and data are placed on the client side. However, security-critical code and data are always placed on the server. Code and data can also be replicated across the client and server, to obtain both security and performance. A max-flow algorithm is used to place code and data in a way that minimizes client-server communication.
Drug efflux transporters and antiviral drug therapy

It is now becoming increasingly clear that for a drug to become truly successful as a therapeutic agent it must be not only specific and potent, but also capable of reaching target sites at relevant concentrations. This is particularly important for anti-infectives since failure to fully eradicate the pathogen may mean persistence or progression of the infection, which may allow for the emergence of drug-resistant variants. A key process governing target tissue drug levels appears to be the presence of carrier-mediated processes or transporters. Moreover, in addition to their role in drug distribution into various tissues, expression of drug transporters in organs such as the intestine, liver and kidney also affects absorption and excretion of many drugs. Clearly, consideration of transport systems earlier in the drug screening/discovery process may lead to candidate compounds with greater likelihood of more favourable disposition and target tissue penetration profiles in vivo. Accordingly, this review wi...
Host breadth and ovipositional behavior of adult Polydrusus sericeus and Phyllobius oblongus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), nonindigenous inhabitants of northern hardwood forests

Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller) and Phyllobius oblongus (L.) are nonindigenous root-feeding weevils in northern hardwood forests of Wisconsin and Michigan. Detailed studies of adult host range, tree species preferences, and effects of food source on fecundity and longevity have not been conducted in North America. P. sericeus and P. oblongus adults fed on leaves of all 11 deciduous tree species offered in no-choice assays, but amount of consumption varied among species. P. sericeus consumed more yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), basswood (Tilia americana L.), and ironwood [Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch] than maple (Acer spp.). Conversely, P. oblongus consumed more ironwood than poplar (Populus spp.) and yellow birch, with maple being intermediate. Females ate 2.5 times as much as males. Mean frass production by P. sericeus was strongly correlated with foliage consumption among host tree species. In feeding choice assays, P. sericeus preferred yellow birch over ironwood, basswood, and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux). P. sericeus produced 29.93 ± 1.43 eggs/d when feeding on yellow birch compared with 2.04 ± 0.36 eggs/d on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall). P. oblongus produced 4.32 ± 1.45 eggs/d when feeding on sugar maple compared with just 0.2 ± 0.1 eggs/d on yellow birch. Overall, total egg production for P. sericeus and P. oblongus averaged 830.1 ± 154.8 and 23.8 ± 11.8 eggs, respectively, when feeding on their optimal host plants. P. sericeus survived approximately five times longer in assays than P. oblongus, and it oviposited a total of 25.8 ± 4.0 d, whereas P. oblongus oviposited 1.9 ± 0.9 d. Egg size among P. sericeus and P. oblongus was 0.53 ± 0.008 by 0.32 ± 0.003 and 0.56 ± 0.005 by 0.29 ± 0.004 mm, respectively. In laboratory rearing of P. sericeus on yellow birch seedlings, 18% of the initial 500 larvae completed development to adults.
Torque prediction for efficient commutation strategy of bifilar hybrid step motors

Novel phase-energization strategies are proposed to optimize energy consumption of closed-loop controlled step motors. A method to predict torque-speed characteristics of the bifilar hybrid step motor is presented. The phase energization control strategy that optimizes efficiency for a required average torque is found. The strategy is achieved by controlling both the position and the conduction interval of the input voltage waveform for each phase. >
Knowledge, attitude, and the decision to be tested for Huntington's disease

In September 1986, the Baltimore Huntington's Disease Project initiated a voluntary program of presymptomatic genetic testing for Huntington's Disease (HD). Forty-seven persons at 50% risk for HD attended one of two educational sessions designed to educate them about the test. At the beginning and end of each session, subjects completed the Affect Adjective Checklist and a set of questions assessing knowledge about and attitude toward presymptomatic testing. As a result of attending an educational session, subjects learned more about presymptomatic testing, and their attitude towards finding out whether they had the marker for the HD gene became more favorable. Fewer people requested genetic testing than expected. Those who later chose to undergo genetic testing had a more favorable attitude at both the beginning and at the end of the educational session. The significance of these data for genetic counselors is discussed.
Remembering the Man Behind Rational Expectations

Few ideas have had as much of an effect on the science of economics as the concept of rational expectations. This elementary notion, first formulated by the economist John Muth, ultimately upended four decades of Keynesian macroeconomics and monetary policy. Despite the impact of Muth's idea, the honor and glory ultimately accorded by the profession skipped by him with barely a nod in his direction. John Muth passed away last October 25th at the age of 75.
Water in polymer membranes. Part III

Abstract The dependence of water absorption of 2 to 4 μm thick membranes of cellulose acetate on relative humidity was determined by measuring small changes in their asymmetric waveguide properties in the visible spectral region. Simultaneous measurements of changes in film thickness provide a direct method for obtaining the change in film volume as a function of water concentration and a new measure of polymer porosity. Data are presented for a typical film fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA398-30) which illustrate the usefulness of studying water absorption by integrated optics techniques.
Effects of clinical doses of phenobarbital on blood and urine ascorbic acid in human subjects.

SummaryThere was no significant change in whole blood, plasma, or urinary excretion of ascorbic acid following administration of 180 mg of phenobarbital daily to human subjects. Twenty-five mg of crystalline ascorbic acid daily is insufficient to maintain whole blood or plasma values when the subjects take an ascorbic acid-free diet.
Effect of avoparcin and monensin on performance of finishing heifers.

One-hundred and fifty crossbred yearling-heifers, averaging 264 +/- 17 kg were fed a 77% barley diet for 140 days to evaluate the effect of 0, 33, 49.5 and 66 ppm avoparcin and 33 ppm monensin on growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass quality and ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Heifers were allotted by weight to 25 pens (six head per pen) in a randomized complete block design of five treatments and five replicates per treatment. On day 140, rumen fluid was obtained from a randomly selected replicate of six heifers from each treatment for VFA analysis. Carcass data and liver samples were obtained at slaughter on day 147. All avoparcin-fed cattle consumed less feed per unit gain (P less than .05) than did those in the control group. Feed intakes of the monensin-fed heifers and the heifers fed 49.5 ppm avoparcin were lower (P less than .05) than those of the control group. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between treatments for measured carcass, liver or rumen parameters.
Gazelles, unicorns, and dragons battle cancer through the Nanotechnology Startup Challenge

On March 4th, 2016, Springer’s Cancer Nanotechnology office promoted the launch of the Nanotechnology Startup Challenge in Cancer (NSC 2 ). This innovation-development model is a partnership among our company, the Center for Advancing Innovation (CAI), MedImmune, the global biologics arm of AstraZeneca, and multiple institutes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NSC 2 “crowdsources” talent from around the world to launch startups with near-term, commercially viable cancer nanotechnology inventions, which were developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB). Crowdsourcing is a process in which one uses the internet to engage a large group of people in an activity, such as NSC 2 . For this initiative, CAI engaged universities, industry professionals, foundations, investors, relevant media outlets, seasoned entrepreneurs, and life sciences membership organizations to request that they participate in the challenge. From this outreach, fifty-six key thought leaders have enrolled in NSC 2 as judges, mentors, and/or advisors to challenge teams ( http://www.nscsquared.org/judges.html ). Along with crowdsourcing talent to bolt startups around NIH inventions, NSC 2 will also catalyze the launch of companies around “third-party” cancer nanotechnology inventions, which were conceived and developed outside of the NIH. Twenty-eight robust teams were accepted to the challenge on March 14th, 2016.
The Value of Integrated Production Planning for Two-Stage Aluminum Recycling Operations

Recycling low-quality scrap and dross is of great interest in the aluminum industry due to its economic and environmental benefits. However, using these raw materials in alloy production requires reprocessing prior to the re-melting stage, leading to two-stage blending operations. In addition, there are energy saving opportunities through 1) immediately processing hot dross collected from alloy production and 2) delivering reprocessed scrap and dross as liquid to produce final alloys. This presentation will describe developing integrated production planning models that determine batch plans for reprocessing and re-melting stages simultaneously. Also, key drivers that maximize the benefits of integrated production planning will be presented. The results suggest that this approach enables aluminum producers to maximize incorporation of reprocessed low-quality raw materials.
Energy and time characterization of Silicon Photomultiplier Detector Blocks

This report characterizes a new set of SiPM (Silicon Photomultiplier) Detector Blocks for use in PET systems. This novel block consists of 9 arrays of 16-pixel SiPM detectors. Each pixel is 3mm by 3mm and the whole detector block is 46mm by 46mm by 133mm. the detector data is modified within each detector block and digital output comes out of each block. The digital output is then further processed in the coincidence board. The coincidence board is capable of supporting up to 16 individual detector blocks and connects to the computer via a fast USB cable.
Oracle Identity Manager Forms and Customization

The use of these tools can eliminate help desk calls and allow faster, more efficient processing of permission requests and on- and off-boarding tasks. These also provide a higher level of security by removing the number of people that must process a request and removing steps in the processes managing accounts. These benefits can be a boon to many organizations, as they can see money saved and increased security. However, out of the box, the many forms available might not meet the look and feel or functionality needs of every organization.
Hospital Readmission as a Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Performance Measure: Too Soon?

Rising healthcare costs and the identification of high-risk patients who are frequent consumers of healthcare resources have forced a spotlight on 30-day readmission rates as a key quality metric by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This metric has quickly gained the attention of hospital systems, which are subject to penalties for higher than expected readmission rates. Several disease processes have been tracked through the Affordable Care Act’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, including acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia.1 The extensive efforts to define, track, and reduce readmission rates coupled with complex payment adjustment formulas have all been aimed at improving healthcare efficiency, quality, and value of care delivered. See Article by Kolte et al Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe aortic stenosis has become the treatment of choice for patients at high or prohibitive risk from traditional surgical valve replacement. Although a continuously growing body of data has focused on important short- and longer-term clinical outcomes, increasingly important aspects of the procedure include processes of care, clinical pathways, and patient-centered outcomes. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Kolte et al2 used the Nationwide Readmissions Database to characterize the incidence, predictors, causes, and cost of 30-day TAVR readmission rates. The authors found that in 12 221 index TAVRs performed at 210 centers in 2013, the primary outcome of 30-day all-cause readmission rate was 17.9%.2 Based on this rate, the authors propose that readmission rates after TAVR should become a performance measure; however, several issues need to be considered before hospitals are subjected to another metric that potentially carries a financial risk. Performance measures are aspects of quality that may comprise structure, process, or outcomes. To be valid, a performance measure must represent a meaningful metric to patients and …
Impact of Surface Ionization on Water Transport and Salt Leakage through Graphene Oxide Membranes

Nanopores in graphene-based membranes have shown great potential in enabling highly efficient water desalination. The effective engineering of these membranes necessitates a fundamental understanding of how the physical structure and chemical details of their nanopores govern their desalination performance. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how the ionization of the functional groups along the perimeter of the nanopores in single-layer graphene oxide membranes affects water transport and salt leakage. Moderate ionization enhances water transport and leads to higher salt leakage. With further ionization of the functionalization groups, water flux through the pore is reduced while the salt leakage shows little change. The significant role of functionalization groups’ ionization in modulating the water flux and salt leakage through the nanopores is attributed to the different organizations of water molecules and ions in and near the pore as the pore becomes charged due to ionization.
Machine learning to identify multigland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Abstract Background 20%-25% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism will have multigland disease (MGD). Preoperatative imaging can be inaccurate or unnecessary in MGD. Identification of MGD could direct the need for imaging and inform operative approach. The purpose of this study is to use machine learning (ML) methods to predict MGD. Methods Retrospective review of a prospective database. The ML platform, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis, was used, and we selected models for (1) overall accuracy and (2) preferential identification of MGD. A review of imaging studies was performed on a cohort predicted to have MGD. Results 2010 patients met inclusion criteria: 1532 patients had single adenoma (SA) (76%) and 478 had MGD (24%). After testing many algorithms, we selected two different models for potential integration as clinical decision-support tools. The best overall accuracy was achieved using a boosted tree classifier, RandomTree : 94.1% accuracy; 94.1% sensitivity, 83.8% specificity, 94.1% positive predictive value, and 0.984 area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. To maximize positive predictive value of MGD prediction, a rule-based classifier, JRip , with cost-sensitive learning was used and achieved 100% positive predictive value for MGD. Imaging reviewed from the cohort of 34 patients predicted to have MGD by the cost-sensitive model revealed 39 total studies performed: 28 sestamibi scans and 11 ultrasounds. Only 8 (29%) sestamibi scans and 4 (36%) ultrasounds were correct. Conclusions ML methods can help distinguish MGD early in the clinical evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism, guiding further workup and surgical planning.
Target class drug discovery.

Selection of molecular targets based on disease understanding is a dominant paradigm in drug discovery. We argue that a focus on classes of targets with central roles in biology provides a complementary approach that has higher quality outcomes in early discovery efforts.
The limits of nuclear mass and charge

Four new elements with atomic numbers Z = 113, 115, 117 and 118 have recently been added to the periodic table. The questions pertaining to these superheavy systems are at the forefront of research in nuclear and atomic physics, and chemistry. This Perspective offers a high-level view of the field and outlines future challenges. The addition of nihonium, moscovium, tennessine and oganesson to the periodic table are a reminder of the achievements in nuclear physics and chemistry. Witold Nazarewicz outlines the future challenges for the field.
CM2: A Case-Based Conflict Management System

This paper presents the design of CM2: a case-based conflict management system. We envision the system as an aid to understand and manage conflict situations by referring to past conflict situations, which are stored as Vignettes - vivid yet analytical, theory-laden descriptions. A meta-model, developed on basis of prior kernel theories, is used to structure and represent the constructs and progression of each conflict vignette. The set of vignettes forms the foundation of a case-based reasoning system. CM2 implements the storage and case-based reasoning mechanisms. The paper illustrates CM2 with a use scenario, and concludes with an outline of planned evaluation, discussion about implications, and future work.
State of Melanoma: An Historic Overview of a Field in Transition

The last 30 years has seen a revolution in melanoma. Fundamental elements of the surgical, adjuvant medical, and systemic therapy for the disease have been significantly altered toward improved management and better outcomes. The intent of this article is to reflect on past efforts and research in melanoma and the current landscape of treatment of melanoma. The authors also hope to capture the excitement currently rippling through the field and the hope for a cure. The intent of treatment of advanced melanoma, which was once considered incurable, has changed from palliative to potentially curative.
Combined local and systemic attacks.

Intratumoral injection of a hydrogel impregnated with radioisotope-labelled catalase and an immunostimulant, along with systemic immune checkpoint blockade, inhibits tumour growth in mouse models of localized cancer and metastatic cancer.
Gatison, Annette Madlock, ed. Communicating Women’s Health: Social and Cultural Norms that Influence Health Decisions. New York: Routledge, 2016. 199 pp. $163.00 (hardback). ISBN: 978-1-138-84161-1

Communicating Women’s Health: Social and Cultural Norms That Influence Health Decisions is an edited collection focused on the various social and cultural conditions that contribute to women’s heal...
Supporting the AEA Mission of Improving Evaluation Practice, Methods, and Use: The Timely Value of a National Academy of Evaluation

The growing emphasis on using evidence to inform decisions in public sector policy making has created both opportunities for and demands on the American Evaluation Association (AEA) in pursuing its...
Comparative estrogenicity of endogenous, environmental and dietary estrogens in pregnant women II: Total estrogenicity calculations accounting for competitive protein and receptor binding and potency

Evaluating the biological significance of human-relevant exposures to environmental estrogens involves assessing the individual and total estrogenicity of endogenous and exogenous estrogens found in serum, for example from biomonitoring studies. We developed a method for this assessment by integrating approaches for (i) measuring total hormone concentrations by mass spectrometry (Fleck et al., 2018), (ii) calculating hormone bioavailable concentrations in serum and, (iii) solving multiple equilibria between estrogenic ligands and receptors, and (iv) quantitatively describing key elements of estrogen potency. The approach was applied to endogenous (E1, E2, E3, E4), environmental (BPA), and dietary Genistein (GEN), Daidzein (DDZ) estrogens measured in the serum of thirty pregnant women. Fractional receptor occupancy (FRO) based estrogenicity was dominated by E1, E2 and E3 (ER-α, 94.4-99.2% (median: 97.3%), ER-β, 82.7-97.7% (median: 92.8%), as was the total response (TR), which included ligand specific differences in recruitment of co-activator proteins (RCA). The median FRO for BPA was at least five orders of magnitude lower than E1, E2 and E3, and three orders of magnitude lower than the fetal derived E4 and GEN and DDZ. BPA contributed less than 1/1000th of the normal daily variability in total serum estrogenicity in this cohort of pregnant women.
Generation and Retrieval Practice Effects in the Classroom Using PeerWise

The present study explored the generation and retrieval practice effects within a college classroom using a free, online tool called PeerWise (PW). PW allows students to create their own multiple-c...
Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of MCF-10A cells with high expression of HOXB7.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2402 In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that the deregulation of Homeobox gene expression is associated with malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Microarray analysis of microdissected epithelial cells from breast normal, lymph node positive primary carcinomas, and breast cancer metastasis to the bone revealed that compared to normal breast, HOXB7 was overexpressed 4.2 folds in the primary tumors and 18-folds in bone metastasis. To assess the role of HOXB7 in the transformation process, we generated stable cell lines of MCF-10A overexpressing HOXB7. Intriguingly, the MCF-10A HOXB7 transfectants presented significant morphological alterations from cobble-stone-like shape to spindle-like. The epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, was lost in MCF-10A HOXB7 cells, and we also observed slightly upregulation of SNAIL in the transfectants. The over-expression of HOXB7 gene in MCF-10A cells also caused reorganization of the cytoskeletal protein, for instance the F-actin, into actin stress fibers. These data strongly suggest that high expression of HOXB7, even in normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is the key phase for tumor cells acquiring metastatic potential. This model system also provides a means to study a de novo function for HOXB7 control of EMT.
Screening Cotton Genotypes for Reniform Nematode Resistance

A rapid non-destructive reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) screening protocol is needed for the development of resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) varieties to improve nematode management. Most protocols involve extracting vermiform nematodes or eggs from the cotton root system or potting soil to determine population density or reproduction rate. These approaches are generally time-consuming with a small number of genotypes evaluated. An alternative approach is described here in which the root system is visually examined for nematode infection. The protocol involves inoculating cotton seedling 7 days after planting with vermiform nematodes and determining the number of females attached to the root system 28 days after inoculation. Data are expressed as the number of females per gram of fresh root weight to adjust for variation in root growth. The protocol provides an excellent method for evaluating host-plant resistance associated with the ability of the nematode to establish an infection site; however, resistance that hinders nematode reproduction is not assessed. As with other screening protocols, variation is commonly observed in nematode infection among individual genotypes within and between experiments. Data are presented to illustrate the range of variation observed using the protocol. To adjust for this variation, control genotypes are included in experiments. Nonetheless, the protocol provides a simple and rapid method to evaluate host-plant resistance. The protocol has been successfully used to identify resistant accessions from the G. arboreum germplasm collection and evaluate segregating populations of more than 300 individuals to determine the genetics of resistance. A vegetative propagation method for recovering plants for resistance breeding was also developed. After removal of the root system for nematode evaluation, the vegetative shoot is replanted to allow the development of a new root system. More than 95% of the shoots typically develop a new root system with plants reaching maturity.
Valuing Curb Appeal

We recover the value of curb appeal in residential housing by using photos obtained from Google Street View, a deep learning classification algorithm and a variety of hedonic controls. We show that own property curb appeal is worth about twice that of an across the street neighbor. Together, neighbor and own property curb appeal together may account for up to 7% of a house’s sale price. The curb appeal premium is more pronounced during times of housing market weakness and greater in neighborhoods with high average curb appeal. Results are robust to a variety of spatial controls and curb appeal specifications.
An Innovative Consulting Group for Sharing Expertise on Launching and Sustaining Student-Run Free Clinics: A Model for Building Student-Run Endeavors.

Student-run, physician-supervised free clinics (SRFCs) provide essential healthcare services for many uninsured and underinsured patients in the USA. While SRFCs serve diverse populations and offer distinct services, they face many similar barriers to successful clinic operation. Historically, the sharing of best practices and development strategies across SRFCs has been limited and insufficient for both new and emerging free clinics. To address these challenges, in 2015, the East Harlem Health Outreach Program (EHHOP) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai formed the EHHOP Consulting Group (ECG), with the goal of providing client SRFCs individualized support from medical students. ECG draws from the experience of EHHOP and other veteran SRFCs to provide customized solutions to best address client SRFC needs. Here, we describe ECG’s inception, structure, and consulting work with client SRFCs. We propose that this interactive, longitudinal model can be adapted to other healthcare trainee initiatives where cross-institutional collaboration could prove beneficial.
Is DNA Evidence Relevant

Author(s): Graham, Kenneth | Abstract: In admitting DNA sample taken at the crime scene in 2010 to compare it with a DNA sample taken from the defendant in 2020 courts assume that the defendant’s DNA has not changed in the prior ten years. This article questions that assumption using scientific findings published in the journals Scientific American and Science News.
Novel $GF\left(2^{m}\right)$ G F 2 m Digit-Serial PISO Multipliers for the Self-Dual Gaussian Normal Bases

Security protocols such as Transport Layer Security implement the Elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) over different binary extension fields defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Specifically, such multiple cipher-suite support is a security recommendation. Binary extension field arithmetic processors are expensive, especially if more than one field is supported. In this context, this article introduces a novel lightweight digit-serial parallel-in-serial-out (DS-PISO) design for versatile multiplication (DS-VPISO) targeting the NIST-like fields in resource constrained embedded systems where the crypto module allocation is limited. The proposed DS-VPISO multiplier offers competitive area (up to 40 percent area savings) compared to existing multiple field multiplier schemes based on results conducted on bit-serial implementations using Intel's Field programmable gate arrays. The article first presents a DS-PISO self-dual Gaussian normal basis multiplication architecture based on the trace mapping. After this, the article extends the new trace based DS-PISO multiplier to construct an architecture for the first versatile DS-PISO multiplication (DS-VPISO) targeting NIST's binary fields. The latter extension to versatile multiplication is based on novel architectures for versatile cyclic shifts and versatile multiplication by normal elements.
The CROSS Incubator: A Case Study for funding and training RSEs.

The incubator and research projects sponsored by the Center for Research in Open Source Software (CROSS, cross.ucsc.edu) at UC Santa Cruz have been very effective at promoting the professional and technical development of research software engineers. Carlos Maltzahn founded CROSS in 2015 with a generous gift of $2,000,000 from UC Santa Cruz alumnus Dr. Sage Weil and founding memberships of Toshiba America Electronic Components, SK Hynix Memory Solutions, and Micron Technology. Over the past five years, CROSS funding has enabled PhD students to not only create research software projects but also learn how to draw in new contributors and leverage established open source software communities. This position paper will present CROSS fellowships as case studies for how university-led open source projects can create a real-world, reproducible model for effectively training, funding and supporting research software engineers.
It All Depends on What You Want to Believe: How Young Adults Navigate Religion and Science

Religion and science are typically portrayed as fundamentally at odds and in competition over truth claims. Yet recent studies have shown that many Americans, including scientists, do not necessarily hold such a straightforward perspective on this complicated relationship. The majority of current studies have been limited in fully capturing the way people construct and understand the relationship between these domains given their predominant use of close-ended survey methodologies. This study seeks to enhance our knowledge of how people navigate religion and science issues by allowing young adults to respond to open-ended questions from semi-structured, in-depth interviews about how they navigate the domains of religion and science. We analyze 214 qualitative, in-depth interviews with young adults who participated in Wave 3 of the National Study of Youth and Religion. Results confirm that a warfare model is not the dominant perspective among young adults today. Rather, analyses revealed five predominant themes among young adults: (1) They commonly construe this relationship in purely individualistic terms, believing people do and should sort the truth out for themselves; (2) They see the two as mutually deficient and therefore both are needed to answer different questions; (3) Their understanding of this relationship reduces to how one views the origins of the world; (4) They believe the two can actually be mutually supportive; and (5) Any contention between the two stems from institutional conflicts, primarily in the realm of education, not competing claims about fundamental truths. Beliefs about religion and science among young adults are complex and not captured fully by close-ended survey questions. This question is clearly one that most young adults have considered and can articulate. Future research should consider how these beliefs are formulated and what influence they have on life outcomes.
Genetic background and PfKelch13 affect artemisinin susceptibility of PfCoronin mutants in Plasmodium falciparum.

Malaria continues to impose a significant health burden in the continent of Africa with 213 million cases in 2018 alone, representing 93% of cases worldwide. Because of high transmission of malaria within the continent, the selection pressures to develop drug resistance in African parasites are distinct compared to the rest of the world. In light of the spread of resistance to artemisinin conferred by the C580Y mutation in the PfKelch13 propeller domain in Southeast Asia, and its independent emergence in South America, it is important to study genetic determinants of resistance in the African context using African parasites. Through in vitro evolution of Senegalese parasites, we had previously generated the artemisinin-resistant parasites Pikine_R and Thies_R and established pfcoronin mutations to be sufficient to confer artemisinin resistance in the standard ring-stage survival assay (RSA). In the current study, we used genetic analysis of revertants to demonstrate pfcoronin to be the major driver of elevated RSA in the artemisinin-resistant parasites Pikine_R and Thies_R evolved in vitro. We interrogated the role of a second gene PF3D7_1433800, which also had mutations in both the Pikine_R and Thies_R selected lines, but found no evidence of a contribution to reduced susceptibility in the RSA survival assay. Nevertheless, our genetic analysis demonstrates that parasite genetic background is important in the level of pfcoronin mediated RSA survival, and therefore we cannot rule out a role for PF3D7_1433800 in other genetic backgrounds. Finally, we tested the potential synergy between the mutations of pfcoronin and pfkelch13 through the generation of single and double mutants in the Pikine genetic background and found that the contribution of pfcoronin to reduced susceptibility is masked by the presence of pfkelch13. This phenomenon was also observed in the 3D7 background, suggesting that pfcoronin may mediate its effects via the same pathway as pfkelch13. Investigating the biology of proteins containing the beta-propeller domain could further elucidate the different pathways that the parasite could use to attain resistance.
Place de la TEP-TDM au 18FDG dans la prise en charge des cancers du sein et influence des facteurs histologiques et moléculaires

Resume Le bilan d’extension initial des patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein joue un role majeur dans la planification d’un traitement adapte. Depuis une vingtaine d’annees, la tomographie par emission de positons-tomodensitometrie au (18F)-fluorodesoxyglucose s’est imposee dans le domaine de l’oncologie et a montre son excellente performance dans le bilan d’extension, le suivi des traitements et la detection des recidives dans les tumeurs solides. La captation du (18F)-fluorodesoxyglucose presente une heterogeneite importante dans le bilan des tumeurs mammaires, et varie selon de nombreux parametres histologiques et moleculaires. La tomographie par emission de positons-tomodensitometrie au (18F)-fluorodesoxyglucose est actuellement indiquee dans le bilan d’extension initial des tumeurs cT3-T4 ou cN+, et dans le bilan des recidives. Elle apporte egalement des informations interessantes dans le monitoring de la reponse aux traitements systemiques.
3D printed imaging platform for portable cell counting.

Despite having widespread application in the biomedical sciences, flow cytometers have several limitations that prevent their application to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in resource-limited environments. 3D printing provides a cost-effective approach to improve the accessibility of POC devices in resource-limited environments. Towards this goal, we introduce a 3D-printed imaging platform (3DPIP) capable of accurately counting particles and perform fluorescence microscopy. In our 3DPIP, captured microscopic images of particle flow are processed on a custom developed particle counter code to provide a particle count. This prototype uses a machine vision-based algorithm to identify particles from captured flow images and is flexible enough to allow for labeled and label-free particle counting. Additionally, the particle counter code returns particle coordinates with respect to time which can further be used to perform particle image velocimetry. These results can help estimate forces acting on particles, and identify and sort different types of cells/particles. We evaluated the performance of this prototype by counting 10 μm polystyrene particles diluted in deionized water at different concentrations and comparing the results with a commercial Beckman-Coulter Z2 particle counter. The 3DPIP can count particle concentrations down to ∼100 particles per mL with a standard deviation of ±20 particles, which is comparable to the results obtained on a commercial particle counter. Our platform produces accurate results at flow rates up to 9 mL h−1 for concentrations below 1000 particle per mL, while 5 mL h−1 produces accurate results above this concentration limit. Aside from performing flow-through experiments, our instrument is capable of performing static experiments that are comparable to a plate reader. In this configuration, our instrument is able to count between 10 and 250 cells per image, depending on the prepared concentration of bacteria samples (Citrobacter freundii; ATCC 8090). Overall, this platform represents a first step towards the development of an affordable fully 3D printable imaging flow cytometry instrument for use in resource-limited clinical environments.
Industry-funded medical education is always promotion-an essay by Adriane Fugh-Berman.

Although awareness of individual conflicts of interest and ethical problems with physician-industry relationships has increased, few people realise just how much continuing education is used for product promotion, writes Adriane Fugh-Berman
Review of Phase III Clinical Trials Outcomes in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

ABSTRACT Objective : Few satisfyingly effective treatments exist for patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS). Our goal in conducting this review is to highlight clinical outcomes and study design, which may be applied to future phase III clinical trials for patients with SPMS. Methods : A review of the available literature of phase III clinical trials since 1990 that specifically studied patients with SPMS. PubMed and ClinicalTrials.org were searched using appropriate terms. Results : Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was most often used as an outcome measure, with time to confirmed disability progression at three months being used most often. Components of the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) were the next most frequent primary outcome measure used. Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) were frequently used as secondary outcome measures with specific PROs more successful than others. MRI measures related to brain parenchymal volume have recently started to be used in phase III clinical trials. Conclusions : Some successful trials may have been related to patient selection for less inflammatory disease, which confounds the comparison between successful trials. Time to confirmed disability at three months or changes in composite MSFC are reasonable primary outcome measures to use in future SPMS trials with a suggestion that the MSFC may be more sensitive to progressive disease changes. PROs and MRI measures following brain parenchymal volume are reasonable secondary outcome measures to incorporate into future phase III trials in SPMS.
Vision–based framework for automatic interpretation of construction workers' hand gestures

Abstract Construction robots have been recently developed to improve construction productivity and safety. One of the critical steps to make the robots work with human workers as teams is to provide a user-friendly interface to support their mutual interactions on construction sites. Compared with existing interfaces, hand gestures are easy to use, natural, and intuitive. This paper proposed a novel vision-based framework to capture and interpret the worker's hand gestures as a human-robot interface in construction. The framework consists of three components: worker detection and tracking, recognition queues formulation, and hand gesture recognition. Its effectiveness on the hand gesture recognition was tested with field experiments and achieved the overall precision and recall of 87.0% and 66.7%. Also, a laboratory study was conducted to illustrate the use of the framework to interact with a robotic dump truck. Future work will integrate the proposed framework into robotic construction machines.
Silicon interposer with embedded microfluidic cooling for high-performance computing systems

A silicon interposer platform utilizing microfluidic cooling is proposed to address the off-chip signaling and cooling challenges facing future high-performance computing systems. A test vehicle with microfluidic I/Os and a micropin-fin heat sink was used to evaluate microfluidic cooling performance. De-ionized water (∼20 °C) was used as the coolant. At a flow rate of 50 mL/min, the measured temperature was 55.9 °C for a power density of 97.0 W/cm2. Compared to air cooling, microfluidic cooling significantly improves cooling performance and thermal isolation. Moreover, 3-D integration of two silicon dice with microfluidic I/Os on a silicon interposer is demonstrated.
Lean Six Sigma handoff process between operating room and pediatric ICU: improvement in patient safety, efficiency and effectiveness

This Six Sigma project was initiated to evaluate and improve the transfer of care of patients from the OR to the ICU. Medical errors are responsible for billions of dollars in increased healthcare spending. Miscommunication among healthcare providers is a major contributor to these errors, with handoffs a particularly vulnerable period in the care process. At our institution, surgical patients with scheduled admissions to the ICU are first recovered in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). With this process, multiple, unstructured, and individual handoffs occur in parallel between providers, which may lead to communication errors, differential information sharing, content variability, care delays, and inefficiency.
Steroid hydroxylations in rat adrenal mitochondria: II. Competition between energy-linked transhydrogenase-dependent steroid hydroxylation and oxidative phosphorylation for high-energy intermediates and NADH

Abstract In the presence of 30 μ m deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 10 m m alpha-ketoglutarate + 10 m m malonate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, rat adrenal mitochondria supported nearly maximal rates of both oxidative phosphorylation and steroid hydroxylation. These rapid reactions were able to occur simultaneously because this steroid concentration only slightly inhibited the electron transport of oxidative phosphorylation. During the oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate or β-OHbutyrate, however, ATP formation by oxidative phosphorylation was inhibited competitively by steroid hydroxylation supported by the energy-linked transhydrogenase. ATP formation during β-OHbutyrate oxidation was inhibited to a greater extent by steroid hydroxylation than that supported by alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation. That this inhibition was due to a competition was shown by the fact that metopirone, an inhibitor of 11-β hydroxylation, inhibited DOC consumption and increased ATP formation by oxidative phosphorylation to control levels. The stoichiometry of the competitive reactions suggests that at high rates of NADH formation one high-energy intermediate is consumed for each steroid molecule hydroxylated. At low rates of NADH formation four high-energy intermediates are consumed for each molecule of DOC consumed. These results were interpreted to mean that the energy-linked transhydrogenase utilizes high-energy intermediates and NADH from the pools available to oxidative phosphorylation. When the rate of intramitochondrial NADH formation is low, the energy-linked transhydrogenase appears to have preferential access to the NADH.
Abstract 756: First MNK degrading agents block phosphorylation of eIF4E, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell growth, migration and invasion in triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines

Introduction: Retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents are known to exhibit a range of anticarcinogenic properties. This study investigated the anticancer efficacy of novel, potent retinamide retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RRs) in triple negative and Her 2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. Recent findings suggest that overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in breast cancers critically augments CAP-dependent mRNA translation and synthesis of proteins involved in cell growth, cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis evasion. The oncogenic potential of eIF4E is strictly dependent on serine 209 phosphorylation by upstream MAPK-interacting kinases (Mnk). Targeting Mnk/eIF4E pathway for blocking Mnk function and eIF4E phosphorylation is therefore a novel approach for treating breast cancers particularly for HER-2-positive and triple negative breast cancers that have no indications for endocrine therapy or effective treatment regimes. Methods: Triple negative and Her 2 overexprssing breast cancer cells were treated with retinamide RAMBAs and Mnk inhibitors and evaluated the effects of RRs on growth inhibition, MAPK/Mnk mediated eIF4E protein translational machinery and downstream biological effects in triple negative and Her 2 overexpressing breast cancer cells Results: We report that the degradation of Mnk by RRs in breast cancer cells blocks eIF4E phosphorylation and subsequently inhibits cell growth, invasion and metastasis in addition to inducing apoptosis. Most importantly the anticancer efficacy of RRs was mediated via degrading Mnk rather than inhibiting its kinase activity like Mnk inhibitors (Cercosporamide and CGP 57380). RRs effect on p-eIF4E downregulation and growth inhibition were also far more potent than the clinically relevant retinoids and Mnk inhibitors, cercosporamide and CGP 57380. Conclusion: Together our findings provide the first preclinical proof-of-concept of novel Mnk degrading agents for Mnk based therapeutic treatment of breast cancers. Citation Format: Senthilmurugan Ramalingam, Lalji Gediya, Puranik Purushottamachar, Andrew Kwegyir-Afful, Vidya priyadarsini Ramamurthy, Hannah Mbatia, Vincent Njar. First MNK degrading agents block phosphorylation of eIF4E, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell growth, migration and invasion in triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 756. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-756