cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative Maize Heterotic Patterns for the Northern Corn Belt

Development of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines is based on the identification and utilization of heterotic groups and patterns. The objective of this research was to identify alternative heterotic patterns for the northern Corn Belt. Ten maize populations [BS5, BS21 (R)C7, BS22(R)C7, CGL(S 1 -S 2 )C5, CGSS(S 1 -S 2 )C5, LEAMING(S)C4, NDSAB(MER)C12, NDSCD(M)C10, NDSG(M)C15, and NDSM(M) C7] were crossed in a diallel mating design. The 45 F 1 crosses along with nine checks were evaluated in experiments with two replicates at each of four North Dakota and three Iowa locations in 2002. Data were collected for grain yield, harvest grain moisture, and root and stalk lodging. Analyses of variance were performed following the Gardner and Eberhart Analysis III model. Differences among genotypes existed for all of the traits, and the general combining ability (GCA) sums of squares were larger than the specific combining ability (SCA) sums of squares, indicating the predominance of additive genetic effects. Alternative heterotic patterns to 'Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic' (BSSS) x 'Lancaster Sure Crop' (LSC) were found for grain yield among early-maturing populations. The most promising crosses were those in which BS21(R)C7 was combined with CGL(S 1 -S 2 )C5, BS22(R)C7, NDSG(M)C15, LEAMING(S)C4, CGSS(S 1 -S 2 )C5, and NDSAB(MER)C12, and the heterotic pattern formed by BS22(R)C7 and LEAMING(S)C4. A strong association was found between the grain yield of populations per se and their GCA for harvest grain moisture. The population CGSS(S 1 -S 2 )C5 was the earliest among the 10 populations studied and had the best GCA value for grain moisture.
An eigenvector based method for point source localization in blurred images

We address the problem of resolving and localizing blurred point sources in intensity images. A new approach to image restoration is introduced which is a 2-D generalization of techniques originating from the field of direction of arrival estimation (DOA). It is shown that in the frequency domain, blurred point source images can be modeled with a structure analogous to the response of linear sensor arrays to coherent sources. Thus the problem may be cast into the form of DOA estimation, and modern eigenvector based subspace decomposition algorithms, such as MUSIC, may be adapted to search for these point sources. A generalization of array smoothing based on a regularization operator is introduced for 2-D arrays in order to achieve rank enhancement in the signal space of the covariance matrix. >
Planned disconnections for mobile databases

As mobility permeates todays computing environment, we envision application infrastructures that will increasingly use mobile technologies. Traditional database applications will need to integrate mobile entities: people and computers. The authors develop a distributed database framework for mobile environments. A key requirement in such an environment is to support frequent connection and disconnection of database sites.
Online Instrument Delivery and Participant Recruitment Services: Emerging Opportunities for Behavioral Accounting Research

ABSTRACT: Behavioral accounting researchers have historically been constrained in their ability to reach externally valid research participants. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize researchers with two relatively new and innovative ways to overcome this issue. First, this paper discusses two online instrument delivery services provided by SurveyMonkey and Qualtrics that can be used to distribute experimental materials to geographically distributed participants quickly and inexpensively. Second, it reviews a number of participant recruitment services that behavioral accounting researchers can use to identify and recruit externally valid research participants. Specifically, this paper discusses commercial participant recruitment services provided by SurveyMonkey Audience, Qualtrics, Amazon's Mechanical Turk, and other commercial firms, as well as several non-commercial participant recruitment services associated with industry and professional organizations. Each service is evaluated against three cr...
The Last Line of Defense: Designing Radiation Detection-Interdiction Systems to Protect Cities From a Nuclear Terrorist Attack

We formulate and solve an optimization problem in which a terrorist is attempting to drive a nuclear weapon toward a city center, but needs to travel through an array of imperfect neutron radiation sensors that form a wall around the periphery of the city. A fleet of interdiction vehicles are available to chase, and attempt to interdict, vehicles that set off a sensor alarm. In our model, the government chooses the thickness (in terms of number of sensors) of the radiation wall, the neutron threshold in the sensors, and the number of interdiction vehicles to minimize the expected damage inflicted by a terrorist, subject to a budget constraint on sensors and interdiction vehicles. The terrorist observes the wall thickness and at each node he updates his likelihood of passing through a sensor without triggering an alarm and decides whether to proceed through the sensor or stop and detonate the bomb. Our results suggest that for an annual cost ranging from several million dollars to several tens of millions of dollars, depending upon the city's roadway topology, a single layer of sensors placed tens of miles from the city center and 10-20 dedicated interdiction vehicles could mitigate the damage from an unshielded or lightly-shielded plutonium weapon, but not from a uranium weapon or a radiological dispersal device.
Nutritional value of waxy barleys for broiler chickens

Abstract Winter wheat was compared with a barley which has a normal amylopectin/amylose starch ratio, and waxy barleys which have essentially 100% amylopectin starch. In one trial, broiler chicks were fed on one of seven diets which had grain portions of all wheat (100W), 50% wheat–50% Compana (normal) barley (50W–50C), 25% wheat–75% Compana (25W–75C), 100% Compana (0W–100C), 50% wheat–50% Wapana (waxy) barley (50W–50Wa), 25% wheat–75% Wapana (25W–75Wa), or 100% Wapana (0W–100Wa). Body weights (g) at 7 weeks were (100W) 1659, (50W–50C) 1523, (25W–75C) 1401, (0W–100C) 1396, (50W–50Wa) 1503, (25W–75Wa) 1403 and (0W–100Wa) 1293. Dressing percentage was not affected by diet but mortality was greater on 0W–100C. Metabolizable energy (kJ/g dry matter) values determined on non-laying Leghorn hens were 12.93 ± 0.38 and 12.76 ± 0.46 for the Compana and Wapana barley, respectively. In a second trial, addition of a food-grade diastase at 2 g per kg of feed did not affect body weight on wheat-based diets, increased weights over corresponding control diets for Wapana-based diets but gave inconsistent results for Washunopana, a hull-less waxy barley with an active α-amylase-like activity on the starch granules. Group feed values indicated that enzyme supplements improved feed efficiency for barley diets but metabolizable energy values were similar for diets with or without diastase additions.
Supportive Relationships and Medication Adherence in HIV-Infected, Low-Income Latinos

Inadequate social support and poor communications with health care providers can affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy. The magnitude of independent effects of these factors on adherence is no...
Refractory ulcers: The role of tumor necrosis factor–α

EGF: epidermal growth factor IL-1: interleukin 1 MMP: matrix metalloproteinase PG: pyoderma gangrenosum PMN: polymorphonuclear leukocyte PTX: pentoxifylline TGF: transforming growth factor TNF: tumor necrosis factor INTRODUCTION Wound healing is a complex process that involves the interaction of many specialized cells, cytokines, and growth factors. During normal healing of acute wounds 4 phases have been described to depict the orderly process by which the wound heals: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. However, wounds that do not heal or heal unusually slowly, the chronic wounds, have been described as having these stages prolonged. Yager et al defined a chronic wound clinically as an ulcer that has not healed within 3 months and with a slow diminution in wound size (# 1 mm/wk). Chronic wounds, such as venous, diabetic, pressure, and arterial ulcers, affect millions of Americans at a tremendous cost to the healthcare system. In the United States alone, venous and pressure ulcers affect approximately 2.5 million and 1.3 to 3 million people respectively. Approximately 12% of the approximately 23.5 million diabetics in the United States have foot ulcers. The annual cost of treating these chronic wounds is several billion dollars. In addition to a diminished quality of life of affected individuals, pressure, diabetic, and arterial ulcers are associated with increased mortality. Lately, much research has focused on the prolonged inflammatory phase in nonhealing wounds, especially the potential role of the normally regulated tissue necrosis factorealpha (TNF-a). We describe data suggesting that dysregulated TNF-a is important in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds and discuss
Long-term impact of parental well-being on adult outcomes and dementia status in individuals with Down syndrome.

Abstract Parental characteristics were significant predictors of health, functional abilities, and behavior problems in adults with Down syndrome (n = 75) over a 22-year time span, controlling fo...
Dynamics of protein kinases: insights from nuclear magnetic resonance.

ConspectusProtein kinases are ubiquitous enzymes with critical roles in cellular processes and pathology. As a result, researchers have studied their activity and regulatory mechanisms extensively. Thousands of X-ray structures give snapshots of the architectures of protein kinases in various states of activation and ligand binding. However, the extent of and manner by which protein motions and conformational dynamics underlie the function and regulation of these important enzymes is not well understood. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods provide complementary information about protein conformation and dynamics in solution. However, until recently, the large size of these enzymes prevented researchers from using these methods with kinases. Developments in transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY)-based techniques and more efficient isotope labeling strategies are now allowing researchers to carry out NMR studies on full-length protein kinases.In this Account, we describe recent insights i...
Mechanism and Catalytic Impact of Ir–Ta Heterobimetallic and Ir–P Transition Metal/Main Group Interactions on Alkene Hydrogenation

Transition metal heterobimetallic catalysts provide an alternative to classic transition metal ligand catalyst design. The resurgence in popularity of heterobimetallic complexes prompted our use of density functional theory to examine the mechanism and reactivity of alkene hydrogenation catalyzed by the transition metal heterobimetallic complex Cp2Ta(CH2)2Ir(CO)(PPh3) and the transition metal/main group complex Ph2P(CH2)2Ir(CO)(PPh3). Calculations indicate that the Ir–Ta and Ir–P catalysts operate by different mechanisms. For the Ir–Ta complex, initial H2 oxidative addition to the Ir metal center followed by reductive elimination of an Ir–H and μ-CH2 bridge transforms the starting heterobimetallic complex into an active Ir–H catalyst. This catalyst precursor transformation occurs because the cationic Cp2Ta group provides a low activation barrier for reductive elimination. This transformation does not occur for the Ir–P catalyst because the reductive elimination activation barrier is significantly higher i...
Diffuse calvarial hemangiomatosis associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary hemorrahgic telangiectasia or Rendu-Osler―Weber disease often is associated with CNS abnormalities. We describe a case in which a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia had multiple cranial nerve deficits associated with calvarial hemangiomatosis
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 14-2016. A 37-Year-Old Woman with Adult-Onset Psychosis.

Examination of a 37-year-old woman with adult-onset psychosis revealed weight loss, a thyroid nodule, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Purpuric and cream-colored plaques in an immunocompromised person: A case of disseminated trichosporonosis.

Trichosporon species have become increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens capable of causing disseminated infections. Cutaneous lesions are fairly common and may serve as a diagnostic clue to invasive Trichosporon infection. We report a case of disseminated trichosporonosis in an immunocompromised patient who presented with purpuric and cream-colored plaques.
Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for dielectric large-scale electromagnetics scattering problems using GPU clusters

In this paper, the parallelization of the multi-level Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) is investigated on Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) based high-performance computing platforms for solving dielectric large-scale electromagnetics scattering problems. The performance is evaluated on a 13-node cluster that populates NVIDIA Tesla M2090 GPUs.
A New Characterization within the Spatial Verification Framework for False Alarms, Misses, and Overall Patterns

AbstractThis paper proposes new diagnostic plots that take advantage of the lack of symmetry in the mean-error distance measure (MED) for binary images to yield a new concept of false alarms and misses appropriate to the spatial setting where the measure does not require perfect matching to be a hit or correct negative. Additionally, three previously proposed geometric indices that provide complementary information about forecast performance are used to produce useful diagnostic plots for forecast performance. The diagnostics are applied to previously analyzed case studies from the spatial forecast verification Intercomparison Project (ICP) to facilitate a comparison with more complicated methods. Relatively new test cases from the Mesoscale Verification Intercomparison over Complex Terrain (MesoVICT) project are also employed for future comparisons. It is found that the proposed techniques provide useful information about forecast model behavior by way of a succinct, easy-to-implement method that can be ...
Seeing red; the development of pON.mCherry, a broad-host range constitutive expression plasmid for Gram-negative bacteria

The development of plasmid-mediated gene expression control in bacteria revolutionized the field of bacteriology. Many of these expression control systems rely on the addition of small molecules, generally metabolites or non-metabolized analogs thereof, to the growth medium to induce expression of the genes of interest. The paradigmatic example of an expression control system is the lac system from Escherichia coli, which typically relies on the Ptac promoter and the Lac repressor, LacI. In many cases, however, constitutive gene expression is desired, and other experimental approaches require the coordinated control of multiple genes. While multiple systems have been developed for use in E. coli and its close relatives, the utility and/or functionality of these tools does not always translate to other species. For example, for the Gram-negative pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, a causative agent of Legionnaires' Disease, the aforementioned Ptac system represents the only well-established expression control system. In order to enhance the tools available to study bacterial gene expression in L. pneumophila, we developed a plasmid, pON.mCherry, which confers constitutive gene expression from a mutagenized LacI binding site. We demonstrate that pON.mCherry neither interferes with other plasmids harboring an intact LacI-Ptac expression system nor alters the growth of Legionella species during intracellular growth. Furthermore, the broad-host range plasmid backbone of pON.mCherry allows constitutive gene expression in a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species, making pON.mCherry a useful tool for the greater research community.
Nickel speciation in several serpentine (ultramafic) topsoils via bulk synchrotron-based techniques

Serpentine soils have elevated concentrations of trace metals including nickel, cobalt, and chromium compared to non-serpentine soils. Identifying the nickel bearing minerals allows for prediction of potential mobility of nickel. Synchrotron-based techniques can identify the solid-phase chemical forms of nickel with minimal sample treatment. Element concentrations are known to vary among soil particle sizes in serpentine soils. Sonication is a useful method to physically disperse sand, silt and clay particles in soils. Synchrotron-based techniques and sonication were employed to identify nickel species in discrete particle size fractions in several serpentine (ultramafic) topsoils to better understand solid-phase nickel geochemistry. Nickel commonly resided in primary serpentine parent material such as layered-phyllosilicate and chain-inosilicate minerals and was associated with iron oxides. In the clay fractions, nickel was associated with iron oxides and primary serpentine minerals, such as lizardite. Linear combination fitting (LCF) was used to characterize nickel species. Total metal concentration did not correlate with nickel speciation and is not an indicator of the major nickel species in the soil. Differences in soil texture were related to different nickel speciation for several particle size fractionated samples. A discussion on LCF illustrates the importance of choosing standards based not only on statistical methods such as Target Transformation but also on sample mineralogy and particle size. Results from the F-test (Hamilton test), which is an underutilized tool in the literature for LCF in soils, highlight its usefulness to determine the appropriate number of standards to for LCF. EXAFS shell fitting illustrates that destructive interference commonly found for light and heavy elements in layered double hydroxides and in phyllosilicates also can occur in inosilicate minerals, causing similar structural features and leading to false positive results in LCF.
One-step hyper-cross-linking of porous styrenic polymers using dichloroalkane cross-linkers to maintain hydrophobicity

Abstract Styrenic polymers (XAD2 and XAD4) were hyper-cross-linked using dichloroalkane (-methane, -ethane, -butane, and -hexane) cross-linkers in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst (FeCl 3 ). Hyper-cross-linking with dichloromethane generated the largest micropore volume increase; surface area and micropore volume decreased with increasing cross-linker length. Longer dichloroalkane cross-linkers also generated more hydrophobic polymers with less bulk oxygen content. Despite this variability, at 90% relative humidity, polymers directly hyper-cross-linked with dichloroalkanes consistently adsorb >80% less water than polymers hyper-cross-linked via chloromethylation. Results demonstrate an opportunity to add micropores needed for adsorption applications without sacrificing the polymer's unique, and often advantageous, hydrophobicity. Given that industrial adsorbate streams often contain moisture, this work is important because it provides a method that allows polymers to remain hydrophobic after hyper-cross-linking, making them competitive for industrial use.
An online readability analysis of pathology-related patient education articles: an opportunity for pathologists to educate patients

Information for patients regarding their clinical conditions and treatment options is widely available online. The American Medical Association and National Institutes of Health recommend that online patient-oriented materials be written at no higher than a seventh-grade reading level to ensure full comprehension by the average American. This study sought to determine whether online patient-oriented materials explaining common pathology procedures are written at appropriate reading levels. Ten pathology procedures that patients would likely research were queried into Google search, and plain text from the first 10 Web sites containing patient education materials for each procedure was analyzed using 10 validated readability scales. We determined mean reading levels of materials grouped by readability scale, procedure, and Web site domain, the overall average reading level of all resources, and popular Web site domains. One hundred Web sites were accessed; one was omitted for short length (<100 words). The average reading grade level of the 99 materials, none of which met national health literacy guidelines (range, 7.3-17.4), was 10.9. Twenty-nine articles (29%) required a high school education for full comprehension, and 4 (4%) required an undergraduate college education. Most frequently accessed Web site domains included medlineplus.gov, webmd.com (both accessed 7 times), and labtestsonline.org (accessed 6 times). Average reading levels of the 11 most commonly accessed Web sites ranged from 8.25 (patient.info) to 12.25 (mayoclinic.org). Readability levels of most online pathology-related patient education materials exceeded those recommended by national health literacy guidelines. These patient education materials should be revised to help patients fully understand them.
Abstract 149: Parkin Translocation And Mitophagy Occur Independently of PINK1 in the Myocardium

We recently reported that Parkin plays a crucial role in preserving myocardial tissue following a myocardial infarction (MI) by promoting removal of damaged mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy). ...
Past, present, and future life on Mars

Although the Viking results indicated that the surface of Mars is dry and lifeless, there is direct geomorphological evidence that Mars had large amounts of liquid water on its surface in the past. From a biological perspective the existence of liquid water, by itself, motivates the question of the origin of life on Mars. One of the martian meteorites dates back to this early period and may contain evidence consistent with life. The Mars environment 3.5 to 4.0 Gyr ago was comparable to that on the Earth at this time in that both contained liquid water. Life had originated on Earth and reached a fair degree of biological sophistication by 3.5 Gyr ago. To determine if life similarly arose on Mars may require extensive robotic exploration and ultimately human exploration. Intensive exploration of Mars will require a continued presence on the Martian surface and the development of a self sustaining community in which humans can live and work for very long periods of time. A permanent Mars research station can obtain its life support requirements directly from the martian environment enabling a high degree of self-sufficiency. In the longer term, it is possible that in the future we might restore a habitable climate on Mars, returning it to the life-bearing state it may have enjoyed early in its history.
Microstructure Evolution of Copper in Nanoscale Interconnect Features

The evolution of copper microstructure and incorporated impurities was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and electrical resistance measurements for narrow (~28–40 nm) and wide Damascene features. Resistance measurements suggest an increasing degree of post-CMP microstructure evolution with anneal as linewidth falls below 100 nm for both “doped” and “pure” electrodeposited Cu. SIMS shows increased levels of incorporated sulfur and chlorine in narrow Cu lines whose concentration distributions appear unaffected by annealing at 350 °C, in contrast to redistribution observed in wider lines. Wide lines exhibit significant grain growth with a high temperature anneal, while little to no grain growth is evident upon anneal in narrow line longitudinal TEM sections. This post-anneal resistance drop and concomitant lack of recrystallization and grain growth in the narrow Cu lines is consistent with a microstructure recovery process, where defects in the Cu lattice are eliminated without appreciable formation and growth of new grains.
Factual Data Search and Display

The central purpose of the online Beilstein Database is to permit the locating and retrieval of selected data from this very large file. The two operations you will become familiar with if you work very long with the system are searching (the means of locating items), and display (the means of seeing the things you have retrieved).
Leptin in Farm Animals

The Recently discovered protein, leptin, which is secreted by fat cells, has been implicated in regulation of feed intake, energy balance and the neuroendocrine axis in rodents, humans and large domestic animals. The leptin receptor which has been cloned and is a member of the class 1 cytokine family of receptors is found in the brain and pituitary and numerous peripheral tissues. The interaction of leptin in energy metabolism, feed intake regulation, growth and immune function in domestic animals is reviewed. Preadipocyte recruitment and subsequent fat cell size and leptin gene expression are regulated by such hormones as insulin and cortisol and its interactions. Leptin serves as a metabolic signalthat acts on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to enhance GnRH and LH secretion and ovarian function.
Reading Rate in Informational Text: Norms and Implications for Theory and Practice in the Primary Grades

The purpose of this study was to explore reading rates in informational text for children in the primary grades (1–3) by analyzing a large, preexisting statewide dataset (n = 21,005). The results i...
The Histone Methyltransferase Setdb2 Modulates Macrophage Phenotype and Uric Acid Production in Diabetic Wound Repair.

Macrophage plasticity is critical for normal tissue repair to ensure transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of healing. We examined macrophages isolated from wounds of patients afflicted with diabetes and of healthy controls and found differential expression of the methyltransferase Setdb2. Myeloid-specific deletion of Setdb2 impaired the transition of macrophages from an inflammatory phenotype to a reparative one in normal wound healing. Mechanistically, Setdb2 trimethylated histone 3 at NF-κB binding sites on inflammatory cytokine gene promoters to suppress transcription. Setdb2 expression in wound macrophages was regulated by interferon (IFN) β, and under diabetic conditions, this IFNβ-Setdb2 axis was impaired, leading to a persistent inflammatory macrophage phenotype in diabetic wounds. Setdb2 regulated the expression of xanthine oxidase and thereby the uric acid (UA) pathway of purine catabolism in macrophages, and pharmacologic targeting of Setdb2 or the UA pathway improved healing. Thus, Setdb2 regulates macrophage plasticity during normal and pathologic wound repair and is a target for therapeutic manipulation.
Design of Analog Circuits for Continuously Changing Constraints Using Fixator Norator Pairs

This presentation offers a design procedure when one or more constraints are continuously changing in an analog circuit. The components used for this are Fixator Norator Pairs (FNP). It starts with norators, where their variables (v and i) are linearly dependent on the design constraints, represented by fixators. So, when the constraints are changing the norators variable (as circuit components) can change and adjust themselves. It is shown that the linear dependency is applicable to the voltage and current of the norator, but when it comes to replacing it with a resistor the dependency becomes bilinear. So, for m continuously changing constraints we only need m corresponding resistors (voltage sources or current sources are also candidates) to vary and tune.A simple and efficient computational method is presented for finding these equivalent resistors. One indication of this efficiency is that, no formal matrix inversion is needed in the entire process.
Improving Clinical Translation of Machine Learning Approaches Through Clinician-Tailored Visual Displays of Black Box Algorithms: Development and Validation.

Background: Despite the promise of machine learning (ML) to inform individualized medical care, the clinical utility of ML in medicine has been limited by the minimal interpretability and black box nature of these algorithms. Objective: The study aimed to demonstrate a general and simple framework for generating clinically relevant and interpretable visualizations of black box predictions to aid in the clinical translation of ML. Methods: To obtain improved transparency of ML, simplified models and visual displays can be generated using common methods from clinical practice such as decision trees and effect plots. We illustrated the approach based on postprocessing of ML predictions, in this case random forest predictions, and applied the method to data from the Left Ventricular (LV) Structural Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) Registry for individualized risk prediction of SCD, a leading cause of death. Results: With the LV Structural Predictors of SCD Registry data, SCD risk predictions are obtained from a random forest algorithm that identifies the most important predictors, nonlinearities, and interactions among a large number of variables while naturally accounting for missing data. The black box predictions are postprocessed using classification and regression trees into a clinically relevant and interpretable visualization. The method also quantifies the relative importance of an individual or a combination of predictors. Several risk factors (heart failure hospitalization, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging indices, and serum concentration of systemic inflammation) can be clearly visualized as branch points of a decision tree to discriminate between low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients. Conclusions: Through a clinically important example, we illustrate a general and simple approach to increase the clinical translation of ML through clinician-tailored visual displays of results from black box algorithms. We illustrate this general model-agnostic framework by applying it to SCD risk prediction. Although we illustrate the methods using SCD prediction with random forest, the methods presented are applicable more broadly to improving the clinical translation of ML, regardless of the specific ML algorithm or clinical application. As any trained predictive model can be summarized in this manner to a prespecified level of precision, we encourage the use of simplified visual displays as an adjunct to the complex predictive model. Overall, this framework can allow clinicians to peek inside the black box and develop a deeper understanding of the most important features from a model to gain trust in the predictions and confidence in applying them to clinical care.
A rapid, accurate approach to inferring pedigrees in endogamous populations

Abstract Accurate reconstruction of pedigrees from genetic data remains a challenging problem. Pedigree inference algorithms are often trained only on urban European-descent families, which are comparatively ‘outbred’ compared to many other global populations. Relationship categories can be difficult to distinguish (e.g. half-sibships versus avuncular) without external information. Furthermore, published software cannot accommodate endogamous populations where there may be reticulations within a pedigree or elevated haplotype sharing. We design a simple, rapid algorithm which initially uses only high-confidence first degree relationships to seed a machine learning step based on the number of identical by descent segments. Additionally, we define a new statistic to polarize individuals to ancestor versus descendant generation. We test our approach in a sample of 700 individuals from northern Namibia, sampled from an endogamous population. Due to a culture of concurrent relationships in this population, there is a high proportion of half-sibships. We accurately identify first through third degree relationships for all categories, including half-sibships, half-avuncular-ships etc. We further validate our approach in the Barbados Asthma Genetics Study (BAGS) dataset. Accurate reconstruction of pedigrees holds promise for tracing allele frequency trajectories, improved phasing and other population genomic questions.
Resident physician exposure to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) within New York City during exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: Report of the New York City Residency Program Directors COVID-19 Research Group

Background From March 2-April 12, 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced exponential growth of the COVID-19 pandemic due to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Little is known regarding how physicians have been affected. We aimed to characterize COVID-19 impact on NYC resident physicians. Methods IRB-exempt and expedited cross-sectional analysis through survey to NYC residency program directors (PDs) April 3-12, 2020, encompassing events from March 2-April 12, 2020. Findings From an estimated 340 residency programs around NYC, recruitment yielded 91 responses, representing 24 specialties and 2,306 residents. 45.1% of programs reported at least one resident with confirmed COVID-19: 101 resident physicians were confirmed COVID-19-positive, with additional 163 residents presumed positive for COVID-19 based on symptoms but awaiting or unable to obtain testing. 56.5% of programs had a resident waiting for, or unable to obtain, COVID-19 testing. Two COVID-19-positive residents were hospitalized, with one in intensive care. Among specialties with >100 residents represented, negative binomial regression indicated that infection risk differed by specialty (p=0.039). Although most programs (80%) reported quarantining a resident, with 16.8% of residents experiencing quarantine, 14.9% of COVID-19-positive residents were not quarantined. 90 programs, encompassing 99.2% of the resident physicians, reported reuse or extended mask use, and 43 programs, encompassing 60.4% of residents, felt that personal protective equipment (PPE) was suboptimal. 65 programs (74.7%) have redeployed residents elsewhere to support COVID-19 efforts. Interpretation Many resident physicians around NYC have been affected by COVID-19 through direct infection, quarantine, or redeployment. Lack of access to testing and concern regarding suboptimal PPE are common among residency programs. Infection risk may differ by specialty. Funding AHA, MPB, RWSC, CGM, LRDG, and JDH are supported by NEI Core Grant P30EY019007, and unrestricted grant from RPB. ACP and JS are supported by Parker Family Chair. SXX is supported by University of Pennsylvania.
Father–daughter relationship dynamics & daughters’ body image, eating patterns, and empowerment: An exploratory study

Research indicates the role of parents in women's body dissatisfaction and maladaptive eating patterns. Fathers, in particular, have unique roles in determining daughters' protection against these health risks. Additionally, self-esteem, feminist values, and psychological empowerment are linked with body dissatisfaction and maladaptive eating patterns among women. This study examined the contributions of these psychological factors, family relational factors, and the role of fathers in empowering their daughters. Seventy-seven young adult women from intact families were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and a university campus and completed self-report surveys. Participants were between the ages of 18 and 38 and primarily White. Results indicate that women with higher self-esteem and psychological empowerment endorsed greater body satisfaction. Women with higher self-esteem and endorsement of feminist values also reported significantly fewer maladaptive eating patterns. Greater family conflict was related to more maladaptive eating patterns. Analyses indicated increased body dissatisfaction and increased eating disorder risk decreased the odds of women reporting agency and fatherly supportive resources in their father-daughter communication narratives. Narrative data analysis revealed that fathers play a crucial role in promoting daughter's empowerment, egalitarian gender-role socialization, and healthy psychological wellbeing. Implications for research and clinical community-based treatment and prevention strategies are discussed.
Driver Behavior at a Freeway Merge to Mixed Traffic of Conventional and Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Freeway merge ramps serve as one of the most challenging areas in traffic operations. This paper primarily focuses on creating a mixed traffic of conventional and connected/autonomous vehicles (CAV...
Older Adults’ Opinion on Social Robot as Companion

During the last decade, attention towards using social robots as a potential technology to improve the older adults’ life quality has increased. Loneliness, caregiving, medication management, and activities of daily living are some of the topics that researchers are trying to address with the social robots.Although research has uncovered important factors in acceptance of social robots, older adults, especially the oldest old population who are 85 years old and older, have been underrepresented in these studies. In this study, a panel of older adults 85 years of age and older were recruited to address this gap by understanding their attitudes towards and experiences with smart technologies and social robots.The panel engagement included three parts. First, participants completed a questionnaire about technology adoption, trust in technology, and acceptance of social robots. An in-person meeting was then convened with the participants. During the meeting, participants were presented an overview and a demonstration of social robots and smart virtual assistants. Lastly, participants discussed their opinions about technology in general and social robots specifically in smaller focus groups assigned based on level of technology experience.Results show that older adults’ acceptance of social robots as companions was positively impacted by their experience of seeing the robots and their limited interaction with it. However, this impact only has been seen in early and middle-of-the-road adopter groups. Findings have been discussed with the role of important variables on older adults’ acceptance of social robots as their companions.
Jammed Disks of Two Sizes in a Narrow Channel

A granular-matter model is exactly solved, where disks of two sizes and weights in alternating sequence are confined to a narrow channel. The axis of the channel is horizontal and its plane vertical. Disk sizes and channel width are such that under jamming no disks remain loose and all disks touch one wall. Jammed microstates are characterized via statistically interacting particles constructed out of two-disk tiles. Jammed macrostates depend on measures of expansion work, gravitational potential energy, and intensity of random agitations before jamming. The dependence of configurational entropy on excess volume exhibits a critical point.
The Cancer-Associated ATM R3008H Mutation Reveals the Link between ATM Activation and Its Exchange.

ATM kinase is a tumor suppressor and a master regulator of the DNA damage response. Most cancer-associated alterations to ATM are missense mutations at the PI3-kinase regulatory domain (PRD) or the kinase domain. Expression of kinase-dead ATM protein solely accelerates lymphomagenesis beyond ATM loss. To understand how PRD suppresses lymphomagenesis, we introduced the cancer-associated PRD mutation-R3008H (R3016 in mouse) into mice. R3008H abrogated DNA damage- and oxidative stress-induced activation of ATM without consistently affecting ATM protein stability and recruitment. In contrast to the early embryonic lethality of AtmKD/KD mice, AtmR3016H (AtmR/R) mice were viable, immunodeficient, and displayed spontaneous craniofacial abnormalities and delayed lymphomagenesis compared to Atm-/- controls. Mechanistically, R3008H rescued the tardy exchange of ATM-KD at DNA damage foci, indicating that PRD coordinates ATM activation with its exchange at DNA-breaks. Taken together, our results reveal a unique tumorigenesis profile for PRD mutations that is distinct from null or kinase-dead mutations.
Digital Health Surveillance Strategies for Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Abstract Objective To describe the design, implementation, and utilization of electronic health record (EHR)–based digital health surveillance strategies used to manage the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to ensure delivery of high-quality clinical care, such as case identification, remote monitoring, telemedicine services, and recruitment to clinical trials at Mayo Clinic. Methods The design and implementation work described in this report was performed at Mayo Clinic, a large multistate integrated health care system with more than 1.5 million annual patient visits that uses the Epic EHR system. Rule-based live registries were designed in the EHR system to classify patients who currently test positive for COVID-19, patients who test positive but have recovered from COVID-19, patients who are thought to have COVID-19 but do not yet meet clinical diagnostic criteria, patients who test negative for COVID-19, and patients who exceed a risk score for serious complications from COVID-19. Results By use of registries, custom dashboards and operational reports were developed to provide a daily high-level summary for clinical practice use and up-to-date information to manage individual patients affected by COVID-19, including support of case identification, contact isolation, and other care management tasks. Conclusion We developed and implemented a systematic approach to the use of EHR patient registries to manage the COVID-19 pandemic that proved feasible and useful in a large multistate group clinical practice. The key to harnessing the potential of digital surveillance tools to promote patient-centered care during the COVID-19 pandemic was to use the registry data, reports, and dashboards as informatics tools to inform decision-making.
A Golgi-localized peptide encoded by the CENP-R transcript provides a valuable tool for live cell imaging

Understanding cell biological behaviors requires the ability to visualize different cellular structures and compartments. Excellent markers and tagged proteins exist to detect key cellular structures such as the ER and mitochondrion, where minimal targeting motifs can be used to image and target proteins to these specific organelles (Raykhel et al., 2007; Bear et. al., 2000; Kim & Hwang, 2013). These markers make visualizing these organelles robust and easy, and provide insights into the requirements for targeting proteins to these subcellular compartments. In the course of our ongoing work, we identified a 37 amino acid peptide that is encoded by a hypothetical alternative open reading frame (altORF) within the mRNA produced for the CENP-R gene. Unlike the centromere-localized canonical CENP-R protein, we find that this small peptide localizes specifically to the Golgi compartment. Our studies demonstrate that this altORF peptide can act as a valuable tool for cell biology experimentation to visualize the Golgi for both fixed and live cell analyses.
Critical care management after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair is technically demanding for the surgeon and physiologically demanding on the patient. As such, it requires diligent multidisciplinary perioperative care to maximize the likelihood of a successful outcome. In this article, we discuss key principles for managing patients after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair, which we have learned over the course of performing more than 3500 of such procedures. These principles address patient handoff between the operating room and intensive care unit, resuscitation, prevention and management of spinal cord deficits, and important neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, and hematological considerations. Understanding the expected postoperative course allows for earlier recognition of deviations from that course and increases the likelihood of successful rescue of patients from adverse outcomes. Achieving positive outcomes after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair requires attention to detail across the perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care.
Maxillomandibular Advancement Using Total Joint Replacement for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder in the USA that predisposes patients to multisystemic health complications. Typically, patients have nocturnal airway collapse and disruption of sleep due to redundant tissue or a retrognathic mandible; however, some patients develop OSA due to severe, destructive end-stage temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease. The subsequent loss of vertical height and mandibular projection results in posterior oropharyngeal airway collapse that can cause or exacerbate OSA. This chapter discusses the preoperative evaluation, treatment planning, indications, as well as the surgical technique used to treat a patient undergoing MMA using a TJP, and a maxillary osteotomy as the treatment for OSA.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of endovascular abdominal aortic repair in large diameter infrarenal necks.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of relevant published literature to investigate the impact of wide proximal aortic neck diameter on outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for the repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods A systematic literature review was performed to examine the rate of clinical safety and effectiveness end points associated with wide proximal aortic neck diameter after EVAR for the treatment of AAA. A literature search was performed on August 9, 2019, using PubMed as the primary database and Cochrane as the secondary database. In all, there were 11 full articles included in the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results There was a total of 7448 patients who were treated for AAA with EVAR. Of these, 26.9% of patients were defined as having wide necks by the individual publications. The definition of wide neck varied in the literature and ranged from 25 mm or greater to 30 mm or greater. The percentage of male patients was 89.1% in the included articles. The mean or median age range was 72.7 to 76.5 years, which was similar for the wide and normal neck groups. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 5 years. Type I and Ia endoleaks occurred at a higher rate in the wide neck group compared with the normal neck group (11.3% vs 3.1%; P Conclusions The rates of type Ia endoleaks, reinterventions, and migrations were all significantly higher in the wide neck patient group compared with patients with normal aortic neck size through follow-up. The results of this literature review showed that, although EVAR for the treatment of AAA in patients with a wide aortic neck is feasible, there is a higher risk for complications, interventions, and mortality. In particular, type Ia endoleak is a risk, which could be mitigated by using proximal seal strategies.