cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease Greater for Women than for Men?

A large proportion of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are women; however, it is not clear whether this is due to higher risk of disease or solely to the larger number of women alive at ages when AD is common. Beginning in 1982, two stratified random samples of people aged > or =65 years in East Boston, Massachusetts underwent detailed, structured clinical evaluation for prevalent (467 people) and incident (642 people from a cohort previously ascertained to be disease-free) probable AD. The prevalence sample was followed for mortality for up to 11 years (through December 1992). The age-specific incidence of AD did not differ significantly by sex (for men vs. women, odds ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 1.67). Controlled for age, prevalence also did not differ significantly by sex (for men vs. women, odds ratio = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.67, 2.48). The increase in risk of mortality due to AD did not vary by sex. The odds ratio for women with AD compared with women without AD was 2.07 (95% CI: 1.21, 3.56). For men, the odds ratio was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.02, 4.81). These findings suggest that the excess number of women with AD is due to the longer life expectancy of women rather than sex-specific risk factors for the disease.
Spatial mode matching efficiencies for heterodyned GaAlAs semiconductor lasers

High spatial mode matching efficiencies are experimentally demonstrated when open-loop frequency-stabilized GaAlAs semiconductor lasers are heterodyned on silicon p-i-n detectors. Repeatable values of 75% are obtained using two independent lasers. The mode-matching efficiency increases to 90% when a single modulated laser is self-heterodyned using an unequal-path-length Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Experimental data are shown to match closely with theoretical predictions. >
Integrin α6β4 Cooperates with LPA Signaling to Stimulate Rac through AKAP-Lbc-mediated RhoA Activation

The α6β4 integrin promotes carcinoma invasion through its ability to promote directed migration and polarization of carcinoma cells. In this study, we explore how the α6β4 integrin cooperates with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to activate Rho and Rac small GTPases. Through the use of dominant negative Rho constructs, C3 exotransferase, and Rho kinase inhibitor, we find that Rho is critical for LPA-dependent chemotaxis and lamellae formation. However, utilization of specific Rho isoforms depends on integrin α6β4 expression status. Integrin α6β4-negative MDA-MB-435 cells utilize only RhoC for motility, whereas integrin α6β4-expressing cells utilize RhoC but additionally activate and utilize RhoA for LPA-dependent cell motility and lamellae formation. Notably, the activation of RhoA by cooperative LPA and integrin α6β4 signaling requires the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor AKAP-Lbc. We also determine that integrin α6β4 cannot activate Rac1 directly but promotes LPA-mediated Rac1 activation that is dependent on RhoA activity and de novo β1 integrin ligation. Finally, we find that the regulation of Rac1 and RhoA in response to LPA is differentially regulated by phosphodiesterases, PKA, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, thus supporting their spatially distinct compartmentalization. In summary, signaling from integrin α6β4 facilitates LPA-stimulated chemotaxis through preferential activation of RhoA, which, in turn, facilitates activation of Rac1.
Perspectives in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important complication of solid-organ transplantation. The availability of potent antiviral therapies has decreased the incidence of CMV disease among solid-organ transplant recipients but has also led to challenges, including ganciclovir resistance, late-onset CMV disease, and uncertainty about the optimal duration of prophylaxis or therapy for CMV disease. Specific therapies and management of CMV resistance will be addressed here. The best approach for CMV disease in solid-organ transplant recipients is prevention, but which strategy--prophylaxis or preemptive therapy--is optimal remains debatable. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir remain the best options for prevention and treatment of CMV disease in solid-organ transplant recipients, but they are costly and associated with toxicity. Foscarnet and cidofovir, indicated for the treatment of patients who fail to respond to ganciclovir, are less attractive alternatives because of renal toxicity. Therefore, new therapeutic agents for CMV and an immunogenic, safe CMV vaccine are critically needed.
Thermal and magnetic responses of a solid nitrogen/magnetized YBCO disk system undergoing temperature cycles in the range of 8-60 K

In this paper we report thermal and magnetic responses of a magnetized YBCO disk cooled by a cryogenic design/operation concept that incorporates solid nitrogen in the system. The YBCO disk was "field-cooled" at 88 K and then operated in the range 8-60 K. During each cooling sequence, the system is thermally coupled to a cryocooler; then thermally decoupled from the cryocooler at 8 K and left decoupled until it reaches 60 K. As an application of this cryogenic design/operation concept, we describe a 0.5-T/80 cm bore magnet wound with MgB/sub 2/ presently being developed at FBML.
Exploring Empowerment: One Method for the Classroom:

This article describes the importance of empowerment as a business concept and offers a vehicle for exploring its cognitive and affective issues. The authors introduce and explain the concept and provide detailed instructions on how to conduct an empowerment exercise in the classroom. In addition, suggestions are provided for extending the use of the in-basket to other Organizational Behavior topics. Sample materials for conducting the exercise are included.
The US Office of Naval Research and Oceans Science and Technology

The U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) works to plan, foster, and encourage scientific research across a broad spectrum of research areas including a strong commitment to ocean science and technology, including physical oceanography and marine meteorology, all focused on ensuring we can operate effectively and with great impact in the maritime environment. It is increasingly important that U.S. S&T be closely linked with the global research and development community to benefit from the tremendous global capacity for innovation. ONR has a robust commitment to international cooperation in oceans research throughout Asia and the world. The OCEANS 2008 conference theme, "Voyage toward the Future" was chosen to encourage new challenges for our ocean and future. In this plenary talk, the U.S. Naval S&T vision will be presented to sponsor scientific research and technology in the context of the Naval S&T Strategic Plan.
OSTEOPAThic Health outcomes in chronic low back pain: The OSTEOPATHIC Trial.

Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and ultrasound physical therapy (UPT) are commonly used for chronic low back pain. Although there is evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis that OMT generally reduces low back pain, there are no large clinical trials that specifically assess OMT efficacy in chronic low back pain. Similarly, there is a lack of evidence involving UPT for chronic low back pain. The OSTEOPAThic Health outcomes In Chronic low back pain (OSTEOPATHIC) Trial is a Phase III randomized controlled trial that seeks to study 488 subjects between August 2006 and June 2010. It uses a 2 × 2 factorial design to independently assess the efficacy of OMT and UPT for chronic low back pain. The primary outcome is a visual analogue scale score for pain. Secondary outcomes include back-specific functioning, generic health, work disability, and satisfaction with back care. This randomized controlled trial will potentially be the largest involving OMT. It will provide long awaited data on the efficacy of OMT and UPT for chronic low back pain. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00315120
Diel cycles of planktonic respiration rates in briefly incubated water samples from a fertile earthen pond

Planktonic community respiration rates were assessed every 30 min through two 48-h periods in near-surface water taken automatically from a fertilized carthen pond and incubated in a plastic chamber for 2 1 min of each sampling cycle. Parallel records of water temperature, air temperature, windspccd, and solar irradiance permitted calculation of gross and net primary production and photosynthesis-irradiance relationships. Nighttime respiration rates generally matched oxygen depletion rates in pond water, indicating that incubation-based rates were representative of a quickly darkened pond community throughout the day. Daytime rates averaged nearly 2 times the mean night rate and 58% higher than the mean day rate determined by a typical interpolation used in free-water production calculations. Daily gross production ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 mmol 0, liter-l d I; respiration constituted 65-75% of gross rates. Gross oxygen production per unit Chl a during sampling intervals was light saturated at irradiance values >600 PEinst m-2 s-l, with an asymptotic value of 1.58 pmol 0, (kg Chl a) -I h I. This system and method were capable ofresolving respiration and gross and net production when chlorophyll concentrations were near 40 pg liter-l.
A UNIVERSAL MODEL OF DROPLET VAPORIZATION APPLICABLE TO SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS

An evaporation model of a droplet has been constructed with the concern of the droplet under supercritical or near critical condition. The thermodynamic process involving liquid phase and gas phase as well as "blurred" state of the droplet around the critical point is integrated into a general framework. Thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients are modeled as functions of pressure, temperature and composition of the mixture. These functions and the equations of state are formulated over the range covering gas phase, liquid phase, and supercritical state. Numerical implementations of the model were made for an oxygen droplet in a hydrogen gas surrounding. Preliminary numerical results have demonstrated the feasibility of the concept even though further validation of the model is necessary when experimental data are available.
Calculation of RF Peak Power for 2D Arbitrary Shape Excitation in MRI

An exact formula has been derived to calculate the required RF (B1) peak power for 2D arbitrary shape excitation in MRI with rectilinear K-space trajectory. An approximate formula has also been derived for spiral trajectory
Mobile Doppler Radar Observations of a Tornado in a Supercell near Bassett, Nebraska, on 5 June 1999. Part II: Tornado-Vortex Structure

Abstract This is Part II of a paper detailing an analysis of high-resolution wind and reflectivity data collected by a mobile, W-band Doppler radar; the analysis depicts the near-surface life history of a tornado in a supercell in north-central Nebraska on 5 June 1999. The structure of the tornado vortex near the ground is described from a sequence of sector scans at 10–15-s intervals during much of the lifetime of the tornado. The formation of the tornado vortex near the ground is described in Part I. The wind and reflectivity features in the tornado evolved on timescales of 10 s or less. A time history of the azimuthally averaged azimuthal and radial wind profiles and the asymmetric components of the azimuthal and radial wind fields in the tornado were estimated by applying the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique to the Doppler wind data. If the magnitude of the asymmetric part of the radial wind component were indeed much less than that of the azimuthal wind component (a necessary req...
A Parametric Template Format for Solid Models of Reinforced Concrete Structures

The trend in the architecture/engineering/construction industry toward the use of three-dimensional representations of structures in design, analysis, and construction has led to the acceptance of the CIS/2 format for steel structures. This allows all information defining the structural steel to be passed among the structural designer, detailer, fabricator, and erector through a digital data file that eliminates the need for re-entering information. The three-dimensional model also facilitates the task of checking for interferences and inconsistencies. A format is proposed for describing the geometry of typical reinforced concrete structures as a function of user-defined parameters. The structure is constructed from components aligned with a flexible grid; corners are analogous to finite element nodes, while beams and slabs would be one- and two-dimensional elements, respectively, in conventional structural models. The dimensions of the components are defined as functions of parameters listed in the template. A simple application of this approach would be a template to model a multiple-story concrete frame structure, and the basic template can be enhanced to give the designer more flexibility throughout the structure by adding parameters. Two applications of the template format are developed: a simple reinforced concrete frame and a more complex reinforced concrete pumping station. The graphical user interface allows the designer to change any dimensional parameter to immediately update the structure geometry in order to meet the project requirements. The final solid model is then converted to a finite element model and analyzed to determine shear, moment, and axial force in beams, columns, and slabs, which can then be used to design the reinforced concrete members. A sampling of the results of the analyses is presented.
Multifidelity importance sampling

United States. Department of Energy. Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. Applied Mathematics Program (award DE-FG02-08ER2585)
Mapping Purkinje Cell Placement Along the Purkinje Cell Layer: an Analysis of Postmortem Tissue from Essential Tremor Patients vs. Controls

Postmortem studies have reported Purkinje cell loss in essential tremor (ET), and we recently demonstrated a significant increase in the mean distance between Purkinje cell bodies (i.e., a larger gap length distance) in ET cases vs. controls, likely reflecting a disease-associated reduction in Purkinje cells. We now analyze the regularity of distribution of Purkinje cells along the Purkinje cell layer to determine whether there is greater disorganization in ET cases than in age-matched controls. A standard parasagittal, formalin-fixed, tissue block was harvested from the neocerebellum of 50 ET cases and 25 age-matched controls. The gap length distance (μm) between Purkinje cells was quantified using a nearest neighbor analysis in which the distance between each Purkinje cell body was measured in OpenLAB software, version 5 (Improvision, Waltham, MA) by drawing a freehand line between adjacent Purkinje cell bodies along the entirety of the Purkinje cell layer within a given image. We analyzed the subject-specific variation in the organization of Purkinje cells along the Purkinje cell layer. The 50 ET cases and 25 controls were similar in age at death, gender, and brain weight. Overall, greater variation in gap length distance (i.e., more disorganization) was associated with greater gap length distance (p < 0.001) and younger age (p = 0.020). However, the variation in the Purkinje cell gap length distance (i.e., Purkinje cell organization) did not differ in ET cases and controls (p = 0.330). We observed that the regularity of the distribution of Purkinje cells along the Purkinje cell layer did not differ between ET cases and controls. Several alternative biological interpretations for this finding are discussed.
Head-to-head comparison of protocol modifications for the generation of collagen-induced arthritis in a specific-pathogen free facility using DBA/1 mice

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a widely used mouse model for studying inflammatory arthritis (IA). However, CIA induction protocols differ between laboratories, and direct comparison between protocol variations has not been reported. To address this issue, DBA/1 mice housed in conventional and specific-pathogen free (SPF) facilities were administered various combinations of two doses of collagen type II (CII) in complete (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA); some mice were also injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or additional CII at specific intervals. Mice were evaluated for IA over the subsequent 2 months. Depending directly on the combination of CII, CFA, IFA, and LPS used, the incidence of IA ranged between 20%-100%, and severity extended from mild to severe even in an SPF environment. Our results demonstrate for the first time in head-to-head comparisons that specific variations in the use of CII, CFA, IFA, and LPS can induce a range of arthritic disease intensity and severity in an SPF facility. Thus, distinct experimental settings can be designed for robust assessment of factors that either exacerbate or inhibit arthritis pathogenesis. Furthermore, by achieving 100% incidence in an SPF facility, the protocols provide a practical and humane benefit by reducing the number of mice necessary for experimental assessment.
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu Syndrome)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant, highly penetrant and variable multisystem disorder due to maldevelopment of capillaries. The condition used to be called Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome. The major features are epistaxis; mucocutaneous telangiectasias; and visceral arteriovenous malformations (especially in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, liver and lung). The causes defined thus far are in genes involved in signaling through the transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway in endothelial cells. Early diagnosis, clinical screening and aggressive management can greatly reduce morbidity and mortality.
C-H···π Interactions in the CHBrF2···HCCH Weakly Bound Dimer

The microwave spectra of four isotopologues of the CHBrF2···HCCH weakly bound dimer have been measured in the 6–18 GHz region using chirped-pulse and Balle–Flygare Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. Spectra of 13CH79BrF2 and 13CH81BrF2 monomers have also been measured, and spectroscopic constants are reported. Measurement of spectra for the 79Br and 81Br isotopologues of CHBrF2 complexed with both 12C2H2 and 13C2H2 have allowed the determination of a structure with Cs symmetry for this complex. CHBrF2 interacts with the triple bond of acetylene via a C–H···π contact (R(H···π) = 2.670(8) A) with the Br atom lying in the ab plane, located 3.293(40) A from a hydrogen atom of the HCCH molecule. The structure of CHBrF2···HCCH has been compared with recently studied related acetylene complexes, including a comparison with (and further structural analysis of) the CHClF2···HCCH complex.
MATE CHOICE IN THE SAILFIN MOLLY, POECILIA LATIPINNA.

We examined both female and male mate choice in the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna. Female mollies preferred larger males over smaller ones when comparing males from their own populations. Although the expression of this preference depends on a female's receptive state, the level of female preference does not appear to be associated with any other attribute of the female or of the males. When presented with males of the same size from different populations, females preferred native over foreign males in some but not all population combinations. These results cannot be explained by a bias for higher size-specific rates of courtship displays that is shared by all females. Males preferred larger over smaller females; larger males exhibited stronger preferences, and preference for the larger female also increased as the disparity in size between the two object females increased. We found no evidence that males preferred native over foreign females when encountered singly or in size-matched combinations. These results indicate that discrimination among populations arises because females exercise divergent directional preferences for size- specific trait values that are associated with differences among males in these values. This result implies an active role for sexual selection in contributing to the maintenance of the behavioral or morphological distinctions among males observed within and among populations.
Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Studies of Fe 57 in Rare-Earth Iron Garnets

Nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ have been carried out in several rare-earth iron-garnet single crystals (EuIG, TmIG, ErIG, GdIG) and in polycrystalline samples of SmIG and DyIG. The studies were made using the spin-echo technique at 4.2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and in some cases at 77 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. External dc fields of several kG were used in the single-crystal studies to drive out domain walls and were of sufficient magnitude in most cases to align the magnetization along hard as well as easy directions. From studies with the magnetization along 111g and 100g directions, anisotropic effective fields at octahedral and tetrahedral Fe sites could be deduced. The anisotropic effective fields could be largely accounted for by considering the dipolar fields of neighboring magnetic ions. Effects of covalency and transferred hyperfine fields on the isotropic effective fields are also considered.
Results of endoscopic radial artery harvesting in 1577 patients.

ObjectiveWe reviewed 1577 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using endoscopic harvesting of the radial artery (RA) to define our current results.MethodsSince 200...
Injection Drug Use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

In this paper we discuss the epidemiology and natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in users of injection drugs. Use of injection drugs plays a central role in the HIV infection/AIDS epidemic in the United States, Europe, and many parts of the developing world. The significance of this role has been underappreciated until quite recently because of a number of factors. One factor has been systematic, albeit inadvertent, underreporting of cases of HIV disease and AIDS in drug injectors as a consequence of the initially narrow surveillance case definition for AIDS. A measure of this phenomenon has been the disproportionately larger increment of new cases in this population with each successive revision of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's surveillance case definition for AIDS. Other reasons for the underappreciation of the magnitude and consequences of HIV infection and AIDS in injection drug users include the lack of necessary diagnostic facilities in the institutions where drug users are often treated, high mortality rates among HIV-infected drug users for whom a diagnosis of AIDS has not yet been made, the severe marginalization of this population and its lack of advocates, and the localization of the initial epidemic in this population to certain geographic areas.
Epidemiology and Etiology of Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease in Nanjing 2011

Objective:To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Nanjing,2011.Method:The data of HFMD from the national Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System and microbiological laboratory was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.Result:A total of 15 694 HFMD cases,including 877 severe cases and 3 death cases,were reported during 2011.The average incidence rate of HFMD was 193.54 per million.The peak incidence occurred during the period from April to July.The urban area had a significant distribution dominance comparing with other rural districts.Most of the cases were children under 5 years.The number of male cases was larger than that of the female.Among the reported cases,1757 were laboratory confirmed.The HFMD cases with mild symptoms were caused mainly by EV71 and Cox A16,while the severe and death cases were mainly caused by EV71 infection.Conclusion:The incidence of HFMD in Nanjing has significant seasonal,regional,sex and age-specific differences.The key population for the prevention and control of HFMD is the children under 5 years in scattered home and preschool.The main pathogens were EV71 and Cox A16.It would improve prevention and control measures by deeper research on epidemiology and etiology of HFMD.
On the Taoist Concern of "Awaken the Common Saying"

"Awaken the Common Saying" has one third in its table of contents cover the Taoist culture,which shows the great impact of the Taoist culture on the whole work.This impact is mainly presented in the directivity of three elements: content,art,and editor emotion.Content directivity concentrates the expression in the immortal belief,priests and Taoist ideal aspects;artistic directivity is mainly reflected in the imagery,imagination,and the overall art style;editor emotion mainly reveals the teaching concept of Feng Menglong who is the editor,achieving a personal spiritual soothing.
A Reference-Free Capacitive-Discharging Oscillator Architecture Consuming 44.4 pW/75.6 nW at 2.8 Hz/6.4 kHz

This paper presents a capacitive-discharging oscillator architecture that achieves ultra-low-power operation without a temperature-stabilized reference generator by directly relying on the RC time constants of capacitors discharging across passively-temperature-stabilized resistive elements. The architecture operates by pre-charging two capacitors to the supply voltage, and then discharging one of the capacitors through a resistive path, while the other capacitor charge-shares with a third capacitor in order to generate a reference potential for comparison to flip phases. The architecture is demonstrated with two fully-integrated implementations in two different process technologies: 250 nm and 65 nm. The 250 nm implementation employs poly resistors, operates at 6.4 kHz, consumes 75.6 nW, and achieves a temperature stability of 0.74% (148 ppm/°C) from 20°C to 80°C when measured over five samples. The 65 nm implementation employs gate-leakage resistors, operates at 2.8 Hz, consumes 44.4 pW, and achieves a temperature stability of 1260 ppm/°C across a temperature range of –40°C to 60°C over five samples. The two implementations demonstrate low-cost, low-power, and stable timing solutions at Hz-to-kHz-range frequencies for next-generation Internet-of-Things sensors.
Etiology of Diabetic Impotence

We evaluated 31 male diabetics for sexual dysfunction. Patients were examined by an endocrinologist, psychologist or psychiatrist, urologist and neurophysiologist. Evaluation was done by penile blood pressure, pudendal nerve latency, psychologic testing and laboratory tests, including serum testosterone levels. Mean patient age was 53 years and the average onset of sexual dysfunction was 6 years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Results showed that 68 per cent of the patients had evidence of vascular occlusion, 26 per cent had neurologic abnormalities, 19 per cent had low plasma testosterone levels and 38 per cent had relevant psychological problems, although the condition was considered primarily psychogenic in only 19 per cent. Of those patients with abnormal nerve latencies 86 per cent had abnormal Doppler penile systolic pressures, while only 28 per cent of the patients with abnormal penile pressures had abnormal neurologic findings. These data suggest that vascular occlusion is the most prevalent abnormality in impotent diabetics and may predate neurologic abnormalities. The diabetics were divided into 2 groups, insulin-dependent and insulin-nondependent patients. A higher incidence of vascular lesions was found in insulin-dependent diabetics (83 versus 57 per cent), suggesting that vascular pathological conditions are related to severity of the diabetes. Although most diabetics have a vascular etiology for impotence one must remember that other causes may be present and that a thorough investigation is necessary.
Vildagliptin was noninferior to rosiglitazone for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes but caused less weight gain.

Source Citation Rosenstock J, Baron MA, Dejager S, Mills D, Schweizer A. Comparison of vildagliptin and rosiglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomiz...
Establishment and Characterization of a New Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Line (DuPro-1)

A new human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (DuPro-1) has been established from the athymic nude mouse supported xenograft DU5683. This was accomplished by embedding dispersed xenograft cells in 0.1 by 5.0 cm. spaghetti-like strands of Basement Membrane MATRIGEL [BMM (Collaborative Research, Inc.)], a unique technique facilitating the transition to tissue culture. Now passed over 30 times, the cells display anchorage and serum concentration independent growth with a doubling time of 22 to 24 hours. Cells exhibit pronounced morphological differences when grown on BMM coated culture dishes, assuming a pseudoglandular configuration, in contrast to typical homogeneous monolayer growth on plastic culture dishes. Light and electron microscopy show cohesive sheets of anaplastic epithelial cells, consistent with prostate carcinoma. Karyotypic analysis revealed all human chromosomes, near tetraploidy, 10 to 12 markers, and 3 to 4 X chromosomes, without a Y chromosome. Cells injected s.c. or embedded in BMM and implanted in the subrenal capsule space are equally tumorigenic in male and female athymic mice, suggesting that DuPro-1 cells are hormonally insensitive. Embedding cells in BMM may be useful in developing other tissue culture cell lines from neoplasms difficult to initiate in vitro. DuPro-1 should provide a valuable means to study the biology, immunology, and chemosensitivity of human prostate cancer.
Diffuse Mixed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Diffuse mixed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas are composed of both small and large B lymphocytes, but the category also includes certain newly described entities such as mantle-cell lymphoma. This class of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs slightly more often in men, and is seen with equal frequency in Los Angeles County and other regions. Incidence begins to increase in middle age and the malignancy is more common among those of a higher social class and is less common among African-Americans and Asian-Americans, especially women. The malignancy has occurred with relatively constant frequency, both in the county as a whole and among the residents of high-risk census tracts. High-risk census tract are widely scattered, but there does exist a complex of adjacent census tracts at high risk extending from Westwood to West Hollywood. Census tracts at high risk of males tend to appear to the northwest of those at high risk to women. This pattern is only slightly modified by adjustment for social class.
Consultation with Medical and Healthcare Providers

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) typically experience multiple health domains requiring intervention (e.g., medical health, behavior, developmental progress, motor development). Effective management and referral requires primary care providers (PCPs) to have expertise in multiple domains, many of which may fall outside the typical purview of medical providers. Thus, effective primary care for individuals with IDD may be best accomplished when PCPs access support from other providers with developmental and behavioral expertise. This chapter details methods of behavioral consultation to medical and other healthcare providers in primary care settings, including methods to facilitate collaborative multidisciplinary decision-making and formulation of behavioral medicine protocols.
The Company at War

The Company entered the war in a sound financial position, with an ageing though still largely robust fleet, and an ageing though still largely robust management. As far as the Blue Funnel ships were concerned, fleet development had been virtually stagnant since the last pre-depression orders, Memnon and Ajax, were delivered in 1931. The only exceptions were the little Gorgon (1933) and Charon (1936), built for the Singapore-West-Australian trade. The major building programme had belonged to Glen. Of the eight Glenearn class vessels ordered under the programme initiated in 1936, only three had been delivered by the outbreak of the war, but others soon followed under the spur of national emergency, four more being launched before the end of 1939 and the last one, the Glenartney, was completed in 1940. These were fast, powerful ships, and not surprisingly, four were requisitioned by the Royal Navy within the first few months of war to be converted into Fleet supply ships under the White Ensign. The Breconshire became one of the best known of the heroic ships which sustained Malta during the seige of 1942.
Release and inactivation of opioids in the guinea pig ileum

The electrically stimulated myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle (MPLM) prepara­tion is generally recognized as a reliable and sensitive bioassay for opiates and opiate-like peptides. We have recently demonstrated the release of endorphins from this preparation (Puig et al., 1977a) by using the same MPLM strip as both the source of endorphins and the bioassay to detect their opiate-like effects. We have also established the existence of cross-tolerance between the electrically induced release of endorphins and morphine (Puig et al., 1977b). Subsequently, we have studied the general characteristics of the endorphin release by investigating differ­ent parameters of electrical stimulation as well as the effects of other procedures.
A Rare Case of Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage Secondary to Infiltrative B-Cell Lymphoma

Portal hypertension commonly arises in the setting of advanced liver cirrhosis and is the consequence of increased resistance within the portal vasculature. Less commonly, left-sided noncirrhotic portal hypertension can develop in a patient secondary to isolated obstruction of the splenic vein. We present a rare case of left-sided portal hypertension and isolated gastric varices in a patient with large B-cell lymphoma, who was treated with splenic artery embolization. The patient is a 73-year-old male with no previous history of liver disease, who presented with coffee ground emesis and melena. On admission to hospital, he was found to have a hemoglobin level of 3.4 g/l. Emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed isolated bleeding gastric varices (IGV1 by Sarin classification) in the fundus and cardia with subsequent argon plasma coagulation injection. He was transferred to our tertiary center where work-up revealed normal liver function tests, and abdominal ultrasound showed patent hepatic/portal vasculature without cirrhosis. MRI demonstrated a large heterogeneously enhancing mass in the pancreatic tail, with invasion into the spleen and associated splenic vein thrombosis. Surgery consultation was obtained, but urgent splenectomy was not recommended. The patient instead underwent splenic artery embolization to prevent future bleeding from his known gastric varices. Pathology from a CT-guided biopsy was consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PET imaging showed uptake in the splenic hilum/pancreatic tail region with no additional metastatic involvement. He was evaluated by the Hematology Department to initiate R-CHOP chemotherapy. During his outpatient follow-up, he reported no further episodes of melena or hematemesis. To the best of our knowledge, there have only been two published case reports of large B-cell lymphoma causing upper gastrointestinal bleeding from isolated gastric varices. These cases were treated with splenectomy or chemotherapy alone. Thus far, splenectomy has been the standard treatment approach for splenic vein thrombosis with clinical complication, such as gastric variceal bleeding. We present a case of successful treatment of bleeding isolated gastric varices using a less invasive and less morbid approach through splenic artery embolization. This case highlights the need for an increased awareness of the diverse etiologies of left-sided portal hypertension and isolated gastric varices, as well as the consideration of minimally invasive management strategies.
Algebraic number theory and the complex plane

I review Nagel’s model of theory reduction, with its projection of a collapse of two discourses into one, and then Jeremy Butterfield’s critique of it. He argues that in physics, definitional extension is both too strong and two weak to conform to Nagel’s strict criteria, and so blocks the collapse. I then argue that the same holds true for attempts at theory reduction in mathematics, by tracking the expositions of alleged reductions in a logic textbook by H. B. Enderton. I also review the proofs of a few of Fermat’s conjectures by means of the alliance of number theory with complex analysis, and show that these truly ampliative and explanatory proofs open up the study of the rational numbers to the study of algebraic number fields, an extension of number theory that is once too strong and too weak to look like Nagelian theory reduction, which is precisely why it turns out to be so fruitful.
Increasing Energy Storage in Activated Carbon based Electrical Double Layer Capacitors through Plasma Processing

We present a methodology to enhance the electrical capacitance of activated carbon (AC) electrodes based on the introduction of electrically charged defects through argon plasma processing. Extensive characterization using electrochemical techniques incorporating cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge/discharge, and electrical impedance spectroscopy indicated a close to seven-fold increase in capacitance with respect to untreated AC electrodes, not subject to plasma processing.
Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer: Understanding the Heterogeneity.

Reliance on glutamine has long been considered to be a hallmark of cancer cell metabolism. However, some recent studies have challenged this notion in vivo , prompting a need for further clarification of the role of glutamine metabolism in cancer. We find that there is ample evidence of an essential role for glutamine in tumors, and that a variety of factors, including tissue type, the underlying cancer genetics, the tumor microenvironment, and other variables such as diet and host physiology collectively influence the role of glutamine in cancer. Thus the requirements for glutamine in cancer are overall highly heterogeneous. In this review we discuss the implications both for basic science and for targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer therapy.
The variation of seismic velocities within a simplified earth model, in accordance with the theory of finite strain

Abstract Murnaghan9s theory of finite strain has been applied in an approximate form to a study of the density and velocity variations in a simplified model of the earth outside the core, the model consisting of two homogeneous layers, each at a uniform temperature. Following Jeffreys, the layers are separated by a first-order discontinuity at a depth of 474 km. Above 474 km., the variations of the velocities in this model are shown to be practically the same as Jeffreys9 “observed” values. The main features of the velocity-depth curves are represented with fair precision down to the core. This is of course no longer true if the velocities are supposed to vary continuously through the 474-km. level. Whichever supposition be held, if the rate of change of velocity immediately below 474 km. is to be reproduced closely, a gradual change of composition must be introduced. The variation of density upon the two-layer supposition is very close to that derived by Jeffreys and by Bullen by numerical integration of the “observed” velocities, on the supposition of adiabatic compression of homogeneous layers. The validity of their method is shown to depend upon the existence of a small temperature gradient, or of compensating factors which cannot be evaluated. It is suggested that a more rigorous solution of the equations of motion derived from the theory of finite strain might prove of value in interpreting the oscillatory character of seismic records, as well as the direction of the ground motion associated with various wave types.
Photoreceptor cells produce inflammatory products that contribute to retinal vascular permeability in a mouse model of diabetes

Recent studies suggest that photoreceptor cells produce mediators or products that contribute to retinal capillary damage in diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if photoreceptor cells release soluble factors that contribute to retinal vascular permeability in diabetes. To assess retinal vascular leakage, a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes, with hyperglycaemia for 8 months, and age-matched control mice, were injected with FITC-BSA. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect leakage of FITC-BSA from the retinal vasculature into the neural retina. Ex vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to determine if photoreceptor cells released products that directly increased retinal endothelial cell permeability or cell death. Effects of products released by photoreceptors on tight junction and cell adhesion proteins were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Inflammatory products released by photoreceptors into media were measured using protein arrays. Eight months duration of diabetes increased retinal vascular permeability in wild-type mice, but this defect was inhibited in opsin-deficient diabetic mice in which photoreceptor cells had degenerated earlier. Photoreceptor cells from diabetic wild-type mice released inflammatory products (e.g. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 [CXCL1], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1], CXCL12a, I-309, chemokine ligand 25 [CCL25] and TNF-α), which directly contributed to increased retinal endothelial cell permeability, at least in part via changes in claudin (tight junction) mRNA. Products released from photoreceptor cells from diabetic mice or under diabetes-like conditions did not directly kill retinal endothelial cells in vitro. Photoreceptor cells can produce inflammatory products that contribute to retinal vascular permeability in mouse models of diabetes.
P-005 Adoption of the transradial approach for cerebral angiography: learning curve and early experience

Introduction Transradial access (TRA) for endovascular procedures is associated with fewer complications and decreased recovery time compared to the traditional transfemoral approach. Further, in an aging population, anatomical conditions may frequently be better suited to a transradial approach for neurointerventional procedures, including cerebral angiography. While the feasibility and technical details of performing transradial cerebral angiography is well described, the learning curve for adopting a transradial approach to cerebral angiography has not been assessed. Here we report our early experience at a major academic, tertiary care center, in adopting a transradial approach to cerebral angiography and quantify the TRA learning curve for neurointerventional fellows previously trained in transfemoral angiography. Methods Records of 115 consecutive TRA cerebral angiograms performed between January 2016 to February 2017 at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, FL were reviewed. Learning curve was assessed by comparing efficiency (defined as minutes of fluoroscopy time divided by number of vessels catheterized for each angiogram) for each of the four operators between their initial and subsequent performance (Group 1 – angiograms #1–5; Group 2 – angiograms #11–15). Additionally, each fellow’s experience was assessed longitudinally over the course of their training. Results No major access site complications or permanent neurological injuries occurred. Selective vessel catheterization was performed frequently: the RICA was selected in 69.5% of cases (n=80), LICA in 48.7% (n=56), RVA in 71.3% (n=82), LVA in 23.4% (n=27), RECA in 24.3% (n=28) and LECA in 19.1% (n=22). Overall, a 31.6% improvement in procedural efficiency was observed between Group 1 (5.3 min/vessel) and Group 2 (3.6 min/vessel), consistent among all fellows (range 28.3%–35.4% improvement). Longitudinal efficiency plots for each fellow by number of angiograms performed, and days from initial exposure are shown in Figure 1 (Panel A and B, respectively), with accompanying exponential regression trendlines. Conclusions Although there are several benefits to adopting a transradial technique for cerebral angiography, transitioning to this practice from the traditional transfemoral technique is associated with a learning curve. Nonetheless, technical efficiency can be improved significantly with relatively brief experience. Disclosures S. Sur: None. B. Snelling: None. P. Khandelwal: None. J. Caplan: None. R. Starke: None. D. Yavagal: None. E. Peterson: None.
Rotational Spectroscopy of Weakly Bound Complexes: Capabilities and Limitations

The vast majority of empirical information on the structure of weakly bound cluster molecules has come from spectroscopic studies of rotational energy levels. The emphasis of this talk will be on pure rotational transitions observed in the microwave and radio frequency portion of the spectrum. The principal experimental methods used to obtain these data are gas phase absorption, molecular beam electric resonance, and pulsed Fourier transform microwave studies of molecular beams. These techniques will be discussed in terms of their contrasting capabilities and shortcomings. Some of the basic assumptions and models commonly used to extract molecular properties from data will be considered. The usual risks of trying to see into the future will be accepted, and predictions will be made on what can be anticipated from these methods in succeeding years. Finally, the more general question of all experimental sources of rotational and structural information will briefly be considered in rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopy of weakly bound complexes.
Automatic facial landmark tracking in video sequences using kalman filter assisted active shape models

In this paper we address the problem of automatically locating the facial landmarks of a single person across frames of a video sequence. We propose two methods that utilize Kalman filter based approaches to assist an Active Shape Model (ASM) in achieving this goal. The use of Kalman filtering not only aids in better initialization of the ASM by predicting landmark locations in the next frame but also helps in refining its search results and hence in producing improved fitting accuracy. We evaluate our tracking methods on frames from three video sequences and quantitatively demonstrate their reliability and accuracy.
Energy Expenditure in Obesity

Body weight is dependent on an intricate balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure weight is gained, and the majority of this excess energy is stored as body fat. Whether the culprit of weight gain is increased food intake or reduced energy expenditure is generally unknown but it is most likely to be both, with proportions varying from case to case. An accurate assessment of dietary energy intake is difficult and precise only under laboratory conditions, but then the dietary intake tends not to accurately represent everyday life. Measurements of food intake in free-living conditions are, however, weakened by poor accuracy and precision. Scientists, therefore, have concentrated on the energy expenditure side of the energy balance equation. This chapter will review the methods by which energy expenditure can be measured in humans, the components of daily energy expenditure, their inherent interindividual variability, and their contribution to weight gain in adults and children. Finally, recent advances in our understanding of some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of energy expenditure will be discussed.