cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antifibrillatory actions of bepridil and butyl-MDI, two intracellular calcium antagonists

The antifibrillatory and electrophysiologic actions of bepridil and butyl-methylenedioxyindene (BU-MDI), two intracellular calcium antagonists, were examined in anesthetized dogs. The administration of bepridil (1.0-10.0 mg/kg i.v.) significantly increased the electrical threshold for ventricular fibrillation determined during unobstructed coronary flow, and was associated with a significant decrease in ventricular excitability and a progressive depression in ventricular myocardial conduction. BU-MDI (3.0-30.0 mg/kg i.v.) did not significantly alter ventricular fibrillation thresholds during unobstructed coronary flow, nor did it significantly alter electrophysiologic properties such as ventricular excitability, conduction or refractoriness. The administration of either bepridil (10 mg/kg i.v.) or BU-MDI (30 mg/kg i.v.), however, resulted in significant increases in the ventricular fibrillation thresholds determined during transient myocardial ischemia, restoring the threshold values to corresponding non-ischemic levels. These results suggest that an inhibition of the action and/or availability of intracellular calcium may play a role in the antifibrillatory actions of BU-MDI and bepridil during transient ischemia.
English speakers attend more strongly than Spanish speakers to manner of motion when classifying novel objects and events

Three experiments provide evidence that the conceptualization of moving objects and events is influenced by one's native language, consistent with linguistic relativity theory. Monolingual English speakers and bilingual Spanish/English speakers tested in an English-speaking context performed better than monolingual Spanish speakers and bilingual Spanish/English speakers tested in a Spanish-speaking context at sorting novel, animated objects and events into categories on the basis of manner of motion, an attribute that is prominently marked in English but not in Spanish. In contrast, English and Spanish speakers performed similarly at classifying on the basis of path, an attribute that is prominently marked in both languages. Similar results were obtained regardless of whether categories were labeled by novel words or numbered, suggesting that an English-speaking tendency to focus on manner of motion is a general phenomenon and not limited to word learning. Effects of age of acquisition of English were also observed on the performance of bilinguals, with early bilinguals performing similarly in the 2 language contexts and later bilinguals showing greater contextual variation.
Effects of sibling contact on hatch timing in an asynchronously hatching bird

Abstract Previous laboratory studies have shown that embryonic acoustic cues enable some precocial birds to effect tight within-brood hatching synchrony. Embryos of these species therefore can exert partial control over their own hatch timing. In many other avian taxa, substantial asynchrony characterizes hatching. Hatching asynchrony traditionally has been interpreted as being controlled purely by parents. Yet because asynchrony often influences the outcome of subsequent nestling competitions, offspring control over hatch timing could be beneficial, particularly for the youngest brood members. To explore whether chicks of the asynchronously hatching glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens, modify their hatch timing in response to sibling priximity, laboratory and field experiments were performed in which physical contact with sibling eggs was manipulated. As in earlier studies of precocial species, a clear effect was found under laboratory conditions: sibling eggs incubated in contact with each other had significantly shorter hatching spreads than those spaced just 10 cm apart. Under field conditions, by contrast, there was no effect: sibling eggs incubated in separate nests (with two plaster companions each) hatched with the same spread as siblings sharing a common nest. Thus, in this species, the synchronization effect of sibling contact is apparently restricted to the laboratory context. With artificial incubation, eggs in physical contact may receive sufficient stimulation (from siblings) to hatch on schedule, but those separated by even a few centimetres experience retarded hatch, perhaps as a result of acoustic deprivation. In the field, however, levels of stimulation above some threshold may be readily available (from parents, colony milieu and other ambient sources), thereby permitting eggs without siblings to hatch at the ‘normal’ time.
Unstable Angina Pectoris: Comparison with the National Cooperative Study

Seventy-eight patients having prolonged pain (greater than 20 minutes) with transient S-T segment and T-wave changes and coronary artery bypass were compared to 288 patients previously reported in the National Cooperative Study on the treatment of unstable angina pectoris. Clinical characteristics observed in the present study that differed from those of the National Cooperative Study included a more chronic anginal pattern, slightly older age, greater number of women, and higher incidence of prior myocardial infarction. The severity of vessel disease was the same for both groups. Left ventricular function was slightly better in the present series. The incidence of perioperative infarction in the present series (3.8%) was significantly less than that for surgical patients reported in the National Cooperative Study (17%). Hospital mortality was also less: 1.2% versus 2.0 and 3.0% for the medical and surgical patients, respectively, in the National Cooperative Study. Late myocardial infarction was 11% and 13% at 30 months for medical and surgical patients in the National Cooperative Study, and only 3% at 43 months in the present surgical series. Actuarial survival for the entire patient population was 95% at 42 months. The reduced hospital mortality and perioperative infarction rates were attributed to immediate operation once acute myocardial infarction has been ruled out, advances in surgical and anesthetic technique, selection of patients with preserved left ventricular function, and a trend toward complete revascularization.
An optimized configuration interaction method for calculating electronic excitations in nanostructures

The configuration interaction method has been widely used to calculate electronic excitations in nanostructures, but it suffers from a slow rate of convergence with the number of configurations in the basis set and from the inability to select a priori the most important configurations. The optimized configuration interaction method presented here removes the limitations of the conventional approach by identifying at the outset the configurations that are most relevant for describing electronic excitations. We show that the 'best' configurations are remarkably different from the configurations that one would expect on the basis of the single-particle energy ladder, and that a small, optimized set of configurations predicts excitation energies with accuracy comparable to that for much larger, non-optimized sets of configurations. This approach opens the way to a new generation of configuration interaction methods where the configurations are pre-selected using heuristic search methods.
ERK1/2 inhibition prevents contraction-induced increase in plasma membrane FAT/CD36 content and FA uptake in rodent muscle.

Aim: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling in the contraction-induced increase in muscle FA uptake. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 41) were randomly assigned to either a resting or stimulated group. Within each group, animals were randomly assigned to receive PD-98059, an inhibitor of MAP/ERK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), a kinase upstream of ERK1/2 and perfused with 550 μm palmitate, [14C]palmitate, 7 mm glucose, and no insulin. In the stimulated group, electrical stimulation (ES) of supramaximal trains of 100 ms was delivered every 2 s for 20 min. Results: ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased by 50% (P 0.05) or during ES (P > 0.05). For a matched palmitate delivery, ES increased palmitate uptake by 35% (P < 0.05). PD-98059 had no effect on palmitate uptake at rest but completely abolished the increase in palmitate uptake during ES. Plasma membrane FAT/CD36 protein content was increased by 38% during ES (P < 0.05) but the contraction-induced increase was prevented by the addition of PD-98059. AMPK activity was increased by ES (P < 0.05) but was unaffected by PD-98059. Conclusion: These results show for the first time that the increase in FA uptake and in plasma membrane FAT/CD36 protein content is mediated, at least in part, by the ERK1/2 signalling pathway during muscle contraction.
Direct spectrophotometric quantitation of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of amino acids from thin layers of silica gel.

Abstract The main deterrent to researchers for use of spectrophotometric techniques for quantitation of compounds separated on silica gel thin layers has been the inability to obtain pure spectra from eluates of the compounds (10). This problem, as regards amino acid phenylthiohydantoins, has also been encountered using paper chromatography (16, 17). A method has been presented which demonstrates quantitation of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of amino acids with effective complete recovery of these compounds. Pretreatment of thin layers of silica gel with methanol seems to be the key to attaining a surface from which the compounds may be eluted with methanol to yield pure ultraviolet spectra. The method has proved usable in analysis of 10 −8 mole of those compounds. This corresponds to about 3 × 10 −3 gm of a protein such as fibrinogen (MW = 330,000) or to about 5 × 10 −5 gm of a protein such as insulin. By use of special spectroscopic techniques, e.g., longer path cells and scale expansion, the limits could be lowered.
Phospholipase A2 Activation and Increases in Specific Prostaglandins in the Oxidatively Stressed 14CoS/14CoS Mouse Hepatocyte Line

This laboratory has previously shown that increases in the expression of several genes in SV40-transformed hepatocyte cultures derived from the untreated newborn c14CoS/c14CoS mouse, and in newborn mouse liver--when compared with the cch/cch wild-type--are associated with enhanced levels of reactive oxygenated metabolites (ROMs) and reduced glutathione (GSH). We show here that, in contrast to the ch/ch wild-type levels, the oxidatively stressed 14CoS/14CoS liver cell line displays 2- to 5-fold increases in 1) phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity, 2) Ca2+ dependent Group II secreted PLA2 mRNA levels, 3) arachidonic acid release, and 4) arachidonic acid metabolites co-eluting with prostaglandins D2, E2, and F2 alpha. These findings suggest that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) pathway, and possible involvement of the "inflammatory" and/or "acute phase response" signal transduction pathways, might be activated during the endogenous ROM-mediated oxidative stress response in 14CoS/14CoS cells.
Purification and Characterization of the vnf-encoded Apodinitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii

The vnf-encoded apodinitrogenase (apodinitrogenase 2) has been purified from Azotobacter vinelandii strain CA117.30 (ΔnifKDB), and is an α2β2δ2 hexamer. Apodinitrogenase 2 can be activated in vitro by the addition of the iron-vanadium cofactor (FeV-co) to form holodinitrogenase 2, which functions in C2H2, H+, and N2 reduction. Under certain conditions, the α2β2δ2 hexamer dissociates to yield the free δ subunit (the VNFG protein) and a form of apodinitrogenase 2 that exhibits no C2H2, H+, or N2 reduction activities in the in vitro FeV-co activation assay; however, these activities can be restored upon addition of VNFG to the FeV-co activation assay system. No other vnf-, nif-, or non-nif-encoded proteins were able to replace the function of VNFG in the in vitro processing of α2β2 apodinitrogenase 2 (in the presence of FeV-co) to a form capable of substrate reduction. Apodinitrogenase 2 is also activable in vitro by the iron-molybdenum cofactor to form a hybrid enzyme with unique properties, most notably the inability to reduce N2 and insensitivity to CO inhibition of C2H2 reduction.
Anonymous Content Sharing in Ad Hoc Networks

It may be costly for mobile pervasive computing device users to download content from the Internet using their 3G connections if the 3G connection cost is a function of the amount of data downloaded. This paper introduces an approach in which mobile pervasive computing devices form an ad hoc network and share downloaded content with each other. In order to improve privacy when sharing content, this paper describes an anonymous connection between the sending peer and the receiving peer. Simulation results show that the transmission overhead of the anonymous connection may increase 50% or less as the number of peers increase or the peers are scattered over the larger area
A reliable method of drift stabilization and error detection in large-scale analog computers

The need for continuous, automatic stabilization of the zero balance of the dc amplifiers in modern electronic analog computers is well established. Goldberg, in 1950, described the first or one of the first successful circuits for this purpose. In 1951, Ingerson described a drift-stabilization system using a single stabilizer amplifier in conjunction with a multichannel mechanical commutator to stabilize several dc amplifiers. This type of system has been used in the GEDA L3 and N3 and other analog computers.
Sorting: The Gauss Thermostat, the Toda Lattice and Double Bracket Equations,

In this paper we consider certain equations that have gradient like behavior and which sort numbers in an analog fashion. Two kinds of equation that have been discussed earlier that achieve this are the Toda lattice equations and the double bracket equations. The Toda lattice equations are Hamiltonian and can be shown to be a special type of double bracket equation. The double bracket equations themselves are gradient (and hence the Toda lattice has a dual Hamiltonian/gradient form). Here we compare these systems to a system that arises from imposing a constant kinetic energy constraint on a one dimensional forced system. This is a nonlinear nonholonomic constraint on these oscillators and the dynamics are consistent with Gauss’s law of least constraint. Dynamics of this sort are of interest in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. This system is neither Hamiltonian nor gradient.
High Places and Travelling Scenes: Some Observations on the Staging of the York Cycle

An argument for a more expanded use of the platea in staging certain (earth-bound) plays of the York Cycle , based on the experience of producing Abraham and Isaac for the 1998 Toronto project. Extended 'travelling scenes' focusing upon a high point (naked hill or elevated temple or castle) are found throughout the Cycle , suggesting that significant playing at street-level with a culminating action on the wagon-top was a distinct possibility for many plays of the Cycle .
Mobile radio link analysis for wireless communications

Closed-form solutions for the average error rate of MDPSK, coherent MPSK and noncoherent MFSK over slow, flat, Rician fading channels are derived. The solutions are sufficiently simple so that no approximations are needed for the numerical computations and are general enough so that it includes AWGN and Rayleigh fading as special cases. Error probabilities are graphically displayed for various values of M. The dependence of the error rate on the channel specular-to-scatter ratio are plotted and examined. Performance comparisons for a range of values of the Rician parameter K, corresponding with the measured statistics of indoor wireless channels, are made for the different digital modulation schemes. The analytical results presented are expected to provide information that is important for radio systems design and the evaluation of performance over a fading channel.
Nonlinear dynamics of sigma-delta modulation

It is shown how a rigorous application of the theory of nonlinear dynamics can explain the behavior of the single-loop sigma-delta system in the presence of such common circuit nonidealities as integrator leak, integrator gain mismatch, and comparator offset with bilevel or multilevel quantization. The results provide circuit designers with qualitative insights into the behavior of these commonly used systems as well as quantitative information for use in system design. The extension of the map describing the leaky system into the parameter region p>1 is also examined, and the chaotic nature of the ensuing motion is discussed. >
Glucocorticoid evoked upregulation of RCAN1-1 in human leukemic CEM cells susceptible to apoptosis

Background: Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) induce apoptosis of leukemic T-cells by transcriptional regulation via the GC receptor, GR. In the human leukemic CEM cell culture model, RCAN1 has been identified as one of the genes that is specifically upregulated only in the GCsensitive CEM C7-14 cells, but not in the GC-resistant CEM-C1-15 sister cells in correlation with GC-evoked apoptosis. RCAN1 gene encodes two major protein isoforms of the regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1), RCAN1-1 and RCAN1-4 via alternative splicing of exons 1 and 4 respectively, to exons 5-7. Studies reported here evaluated the differential regulation and function of the two transcripts and protein products of RCAN1 by the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex), and by modulators of calcium signaling. Results: Dex selectively upregulates transcript specific for RCAN 1-1 in glucocorticoid (GC)- susceptible human leukemic CEM-C7-14 cells but not in GC-refractory CEM-C1-15 sister cells. Expression of the second major transcript, RCAN1-4, is upregulated by [Ca 2+ ]i inducers, thapsigargin and A23187, but not by Dex, suggesting a mutually exclusive regulatory pathway for both RCAN1 transcripts. GC-mediated upregulation of RCAN1-1 transcript and RCAN1-1 protein was kinase dependent, and was blocked by staurosporine and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 202190. RCAN1-1 coimmunoprecipitates with calcineurin PP3C and Dex-mediated RCAN1-1 upregulation correlated with reduction in calcineurin PP3C activity. Conclusion: Data presented here suggest that GCs specifically upregulate RCAN1-1 transcript and protein while inducers of [Ca 2+ ]i selectively upregulate RCAN1-4 . GC-mediated increase in RCAN1- 1 abundance and binding possibly inhibits calcineurin activity and modulates apoptosis in CEM-C7- 14 cells.
Fetal bronchoscopy for treatment of congenital pulmonary anomalies

Fetal bronchoscopies (FB) to evaluate/treat suspected bronchial atresia deemed inconsistent with life are reported. Patient 1 Previously published (Quintero, J. et al. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:2354). Fetal ultrasound (US) and intrauterine MRI at 28 wGA revealed a left hemithorax mass putatively caused by bronchial atresia, mediastinal shift with compressed hypoplastic contralateral (Rt) lung. FB was performed at 31 wGA with continuous saline infusion. Intraoperative US showed real time expansion of all lung segments with subsequent sustained growth relative to the mass till birth. Resection of the lesion at 11 mo revealed CCAM type 3 with extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Patient 2 Seen at 30 wGA with similar presentation, US and MRI findings. FB revealed a narrowed orifice to the LUL. Intraoperative US revealed no bubbles in the mass, but positive in peripheral Lt and entire Rt lung. Only minor improvement occurred until delivery at 40 wGA. Perinatal CT-angio demonstrated LUL congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) confirmed by pathology after resection on DOL 8. Follow-up was unremarkable. Conclusion : · The improvement observed during the intervention and maintained in Pt 1 was interpreted as establishment of airway patency. Restoration of amniotic fluid flow to lung periphery was deemed the key element providing an internal template for the developing lung · While airway patency was established in Pt 2, the differential growth patterns of varied congenital anomalies may underlie the different outcomes · FB should be reserved for cases where extrauterine viability is deemed unlikely · Further experience with congenital anomalies is needed to establish reliable predictors of outcome of this novel intervention.
Assessing Global Computable General Equilibrium Model Validity Using Agricultural Price Volatility

Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are commonly used for global agricultural market analysis. Concerns are sometimes raised, however, about the quality of their output since key parameters may not be econometrically estimated and little emphasis is generally given to model assessment. This article addresses the latter issue by developing an approach to validating CGE models based on the ability to reproduce observed price volatility in agricultural markets. We show how patterns in the deviations between model predictions and validation criteria can be used to identify the weak points of a model and guide development of improved specifications with firmer empirical foundations.
Depression, Anxiety, and Symptom Profiles Among Female and Male Victims of Sexual Violence

Sexual violence is a serious public health problem that has been associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes. Few existing studies have examined the prevalence and patterns of adverse mental health among victims of sexual violence using data from nationally representative samples of U.S. adults. The main objectives of this study were to identify patterns in the associations between sexual violence victimization and depression and anxiety (DA) symptoms using data from the sexual violence and DA Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) modules. Stratified multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to test the associations between sexual violence victimization and DA controlling for demographic characteristics. Multiple stratified MANOVA models were used to detect the effect of sexual violence victimization on DA symptoms while controlling for key demographic characteristics. Among all 61,187 participants, more than 5% (n = 3,240) were victims of sexual violence, out of which 18.82% reported being diagnosed with depression, 8.37% reported an anxiety disorder, and 28.28% reported being diagnosed with DA disorder. Victims of sexual violence reported significantly higher number of days when they had trouble concentrating, sleep difficulties, poor appetite, little interest or pleasure in activities, blamed themselves for personal failure, felt depressed, and had little energy. The present study highlights the importance of collecting nationally representative data from victims of sexual violence and extends previous findings from clinically based studies. This study also serves as an example of an analytic approach that addresses a public health priority area by drawing on data from multiple topic-specific BRFSS modules.
Bayesian statistical analysis of protein side-chain rotamer preferences

We present a Bayesian statistical analysis of the conformations of side chains in proteins from the Protein Data Bank. This is an extension of the backbone-dependent rotamer library, and includes rotamer populations and average chi angles for a full range of phi, psi values. The Bayesian analysis used here provides a rigorous statistical method for taking account of varying amounts of data. Bayesian statistics requires the assumption of a prior distribution for parameters over their range of possible values. This prior distribution can be derived from previous data or from pooling some of the present data. The prior distribution is combined with the data to form the posterior distribution, which is a compromise between the prior distribution and the data. For the chi 2, chi 3, and chi 4 rotamer prior distributions, we assume that the probability of each rotamer type is dependent only on the previous chi rotamer in the chain. For the backbone-dependence of the chi 1 rotamers, we derive prior distributions from the product of the phi-dependent and psi-dependent probabilities. Molecular mechanics calculations with the CHARMM22 potential show a strong similarity with the experimental distributions, indicating that proteins attain their lowest energy rotamers with respect to local backbone-side-chain interactions. The new library is suitable for use in homology modeling, protein folding simulations, and the refinement of X-ray and NMR structures.
Procedures and Macros

This chapter will first show the reader how procedures are implemented in assembly language. The implementation of macros is introduced next which is probably a new topic to most readers. Both procedures and macros are tools that allow programmers to save time by not having to rekey the same code over and over again, but there are important differences between the two mechanisms. The chapter then continues with the introduction of conditional assembly which can be a difficult concept for new assembly language programmers. Lastly, this chapter shows the beginning of the implementation of what might be called a macro calculator which simulates a one register (accumulator) computer.
THE SHOALING AND BREAKING OF THE SOLITARY WAVE

The solitary wave is ordinarily defined as a single disturbance of the water surface, which is relatively concentrated and symmetrical and which is propagated, neglecting damping, without change of form. Although it can be readily produced in the laboratory, in what appears to the observer a pure form, its existence (first noted in the field by J. Scott Russell (1) in 183U) as a wave of permanent shape has not yet been established by rigorous mathematical methods. This wave has been the subject of intermittent theoretical and experimental investigation since the days of Russell. In more recent years, additional attention has been given to the solitary wave, since it seemed to exhibit characteristics related to those of long-period oscillatory waves approaching the surf zone. In this connection, an experimental program for the precise measurement of the characteristics of the solitary wave was undertaken at the Hydrodynamics Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The results of the first phase of this work, including celerity, profile, internal motion and smooth-bottom damping, were reported by J. W. Daily and S. C. Stephan, Jr., to the Third Conference on Coastal Engineering in 1952 (2). The present paper is concerned principally with the results of an experimental study of the shoaling and breaking behavior of solitary waves.
The Table Tennis Triathlon: An Integrated Sport Education Season.

This article describes an integrated, 10-day unit that was designed using the sport education model in physical education. English language arts and social responsibility were integrated into a unit of table tennis in fifth-grade physical education. The student roles were adapted to best fit the needs of the unit. Through the integration of three domains of learning, students developed their cognitive (English language arts [grammar and vocabulary]), affective (social responsibility) and psychomotor (table tennis) skills.
CRT-400.27 Implications of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacements

The relative incidences of new-onset AF post-TAVR and their effects on post-operative ischemic stroke versus SAVR have not been well described. We sought to compare the incidences of new-onset AF after TAVR and to determine their potential relationship to post-interventional stroke versus SAVR.
Utilization of Free and Acetylated l- and dl-Tryptophane by Oidium Lactis

It has long been known that Oidium lactis is able to utilize the nitrogen of several natural amino acids for growth when such acids serve as the sole source of nitrogen. Under such circumstances, l-tryptophane is converted into l-indolelactic acid.1 In conjunction. with a series of studies on tryptophane metabolism recorded elsewhere, in which Oidium lactis was used to synthesize indolelactic acid,2 it seemed of interest to compare the availability of l- and dl-tryptophane and acetyl-l- and acetyl-dl-tryptophane as sources of nitrogen for the growth of this mold.Accordingly, 8 liters of a synthetic medium containing 80.0 gm. invert sugar, 8.00 gm. K2HPO4, 0.800 gm. MgSO4, and traces of NaCl and FeCl3 were prepared and divided equally among eight 2800 cc. culture flasks. To each of one pair of the flasks were added 2.000 gm. of l-tryptophane; to each of a second pair, 2.000 gm. of dl-tryptophane; to each of a third pair, 2.412 gm. of acetyl-l-tryptophane; and to each of the fourth pair, 2.412 gm. of acetyl...
Parathyroid tetany and active immunity

Parathyroid tetany in dogs seems to be associated with diminished resistance to bacterial invasion of the mucous membranes, as shown by the frequent infection of the eyes, the nose, and the respiratory passages. This diminished resistance may be due to (1) depression of the processes of active immunity; (2) local depression of the cells of the mucous membranes; (3) disturbance of the body heat regulating mechanism. It is also possible that all three factors are involved.In order to determine whether the first possibility is a factor, dogs were immunized at varying periods before and after parathyroidectomy, and the influence of the tetany condition on the immunity reaction noted. The particular antibody studied was the lysin developed by the injection of goat erythrocytes into dogs. The immunizing dose consisted of a single intravenous injection of 1 c.c. of a 10 per cent. suspension of goat corpuscles per kilo body weight of dog.The results so far obtained show that the active immunity is decreased by th...
Complete Orthonormal Systems in Pre-Hilbert Spaces

The usual concept of completeness of a system is of little use in a pre-Hilbert space since it does not imply linear density. It is replaced by “C-completeness”, which has the same consequences in ...
Apparent Vertical Moho Offsets under Continental Strike‐Slip Faults from Lithology Contrasts in the Seismogenic Crust

We demonstrate that observed contrasts of upper crustal structures across large continental strike‐slip faults are sufficient to produce artificial vertical Moho offsets of several kilometers in studies using laterally homogenous models. This can have significant impact on efforts to understand how the observed surface displacement is accommodated in the deep crust. An existing hypothesis that continental strike‐slip faults extend as discrete narrow features through the entire crust rests partly on inferred vertical Moho offsets across the faults based on teleseismic converted wave (receiver function) studies. However, such studies typically do not account for the juxtaposition of different structures across the faults, which can lead to significant (e.g., 10%) contrasts of seismic velocities in the upper crust. Observed profiles of velocity contrasts across faults can bias images of the deep structure to the extent where a large (>5 km) Moho offset can be purely apparent rather than real. Constraining the existence and size of true vertical Moho offsets below continental strike‐slip faults thus require calculations that account for the across‐fault lithology contrasts. Accurate results on the geometry of Moho across faults can have important implications for lithospheric deformation, crustal tomography, strain localization and partitioning in the crust, continental rheology, and geodynamics.
Pain management strategies for urogynecologic surgery: a review.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to review the recent literature on surgical pain management strategies and to identify those pertinent to urogynecologic surgery. Methods: A literature search using Pubmed and MEDLINE was performed for trials on pain management in gynecologic surgery. Evidenced-based recommendations for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative pain control strategies for gynecologic procedures by various surgical routes were identified. Articles specifically describing urogynecologic procedures were sought, but quality, randomized trials on pain management modalities in other gynecologic procedures were also included. Results: Although few randomized trials on pain management strategies in urogynecologic surgery exist, quality evidence suggests that several preemptive and multimodal analgesia strategies reduce pain and opioid-related adverse events in abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal surgery. Evidence supporting these strategies is outlined. Many are likely applicable to urogynecologic procedures. Conclusions: Evidence guiding pain management in specific urogynecologic procedures is sparse and should be sought in future studies. When possible, procedure-specific strategies, including preemptive and multimodal techniques, should be implemented.
Relative Navigation for Non-cooperative Spacecraft Based on Stereo Vision

A novel approach is developed for relative navigation of non-cooperative spacecraft based on stereo vision in this paper.The approach uses stereo camera fixed on chaser as a sensor,which provides disparity of the target between the two images to estimate the relative position in chaser coordinate frame.Relative motion equation is established in inertial coordinate frame and discretized as state equation,and a second step estimation relative navigation algorithm based Kalman filter is designed using measurement information from stereo vision.Simulation results indicate that the combined sensor/estimator approach provides accurate relative position and attitude estimate.
Archaeology in the Three Gorges and Cultural Studies of Ba Nationality

This paper,based upon the cultural relics and documents discovered in the Three Gorges Area,expounds the links between Archaeology in the Three Gorges and Cultural Studies of Ba Nationality,and proceeds to stress the combination of the two.Finally,the paper indicates the important place that archaeology takes in the Cultural Studies of Ba Nationality.
Dynamic investigations on the removal of hydrogen cyanide using magnesium oxide

The removal of hydrogen cyanide(HCN) using magnesium oxide(MgO)at various temperatures was investigated in the presented paper.The solid products were analysed by X-Ray Diffraction.The effects of temperature,mass fraction of MgO,initial volume fraction of HCN and residence time were discussed.The kinetic parameters of the reaction between HCN and MgO were obtained.Results show that MgO remarkably reacts with HCN through transforming the nitrogen in HCN into the solid product MgCN2 from 873 K.The removal efficiency of HCN increases with the increase of temperature,mass fraction of MgO and residual time in linear relation;but decreases with the initial volume fraction of HCN in negative power function relationship.The reaction order and apparent activation energy of the reaction between HCN and MgO are 0.72 and 32.2 kJ/mol respectively.
ON THE FUNCTIONS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL SPECIMENS IN NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS

A great quantity of significant data can be derived from statistical processing of the animal specimens deposited in natural history museums. This job, largely neglected in the past, is to be strengthened so as for the deposited specimens to serve research, display and gathering of specimens better.
Resolving acetylated and phosphorylated proteins by neutral urea Triton-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: NUT-PAGE.

Protein acetylation and phosphorylation are key modifications that regulate both normal and pathological protein functions. The gel systems currently used for analyzing modified proteins require ei...
Specimen whitening: An assessment of methods of ammonium chloride smoke removal

Abstract Smoking is the process of subliming and depositing ammonium chloride or other white powder onto specimens, and is useful for enhancing specimen relief for photography. Ammonium chloride is acidic and highly soluble in water, and can etch delicate specimens in the presence of moisture. Though many methods exist for applying ammonium chloride to specimens, removing the coating is rarely discussed. To amend this, we performed an experiment smoking a series of invertebrate fossil specimens and cleaned them using eight different cleaning techniques. After undergoing the appropriate cleaning method, each specimen was then thoroughly rinsed in deionized water. Using a silver nitrate solution, which precipitates silver chloride in the presence of chloride ions, we tested the rinse water for remaining chloride contamination. Using this procedure, we found complete rinsing of the specimen to be the only method for removing contamination to a point below our detection limit, although various brushing techni...
Modeling Attention Allocation in a Complex Dual Task with and without Auditory Cues

Navy watchstanding operations increasingly involve information-saturated environments in which operators must attend to more than one critical task display at a time [1]. In response, the Navy is pursuing a model-based understanding of human performance in multitask settings. Empirical studies with a complex dual task and related cognitive modeling work in the authors’ lab suggest that auditory cueing is an effective strategy for mediating operators’ attention [2,3,4]. Characterizing the effects of widely separated displays on performance and effort is an important ancillary concern, and a series of cognitive models developed with the EPIC cognitive architecture [5] is used for this purpose. These cognitive models verify a key finding from an empirical study; namely, time spent on the primary, relatively stateless, tracking task is regulated by state information retained from the secondary, radar task. These findings suggest that in multitask settings, operators use relatively simple state information about a task they are about to leave to gauge how long they can attend to other matters before they must return.
Rett Syndrome and Heller Dementia

Six girls with Rett syndrome and two boys with Heller dementia are reported and contrasted with children with classic autism from the Department of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, and the Kennedy Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
Research of principle and site trial method for DC current transformer in the converter station

Recently, the development of electric power system in China has increased rapidly. A large number of of DC transmission projects are proposed, thus more and more OCTs are widely used in convert substations. In this paper, the principle and structure of OCT are introduced. And on-sit method of calibration for OCT is researched. Based on the practical field situation, multi-area synchronous measuring method is presented. Then this method is verified by field test and proven to be useful.
How to Teach Error Disclosure to Students and Residents

A key skill for educators is preparing the next generation of physicians for more transparent and empathetic discussions about errors. Errors are common in healthcare, and many result in patient injury or death. Disclosure conversations should be planned in advance to cover the essential content areas. Here, we focus on instructing and involving trainees in disclosure of actual errors occurring in the course of care, but also encourage using this approach in simulation and didactic settings.
Advancements in Technology and Potential Impacts on Port Automations Decisions: The Case of Port of Singapore

Much of the cargo transported today involves the use of ports. The use of technology at these ports is perpetually evolving and becoming more sophisticated. Entrepreneurial efforts can make advancements and provide huge benefits; however, the costs can be very significant. When trying to decide if automation should be implemented or to what extent, complications and confusion typically arise. It becomes unclear of what factors should be used as a base for these strategic decisions. This chapter scrutinizes potential advantages of port automations and discusses them. Much research has been written about automation replacing human tasks, thereby negatively affecting one of the top ten key economic indicators. However, the initial results signal this may be not true. In fact, it appears that there is only a shift in types of employment with the addition of automation.
Pediatric patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma should have routine preoperative genetic testing for common susceptibility genes in addition to imaging to detect extra-adrenal and metastatic tumors.

Background Pediatric pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare with limited data on the optimal management approach. The aim of this study was to determine the role of genetic testing and imaging to detect extra-adrenal and/or metastatic tumors in pediatric pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 55 patients diagnosed at ≤21 years of age with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas with analysis of data on genetic testing and multimodal imaging. Results Eighty percent of patients ( n = 44/55) had a germline mutation. The majority were found to have either VHL (38%) or SDHB (25%) mutation. Pheochromocytoma was present in 67% ( n = 37/55) of patients and was bilateral in 51% ( n = 19/37). The majority of patients with bilateral pheochromocytomas had VHL (79%). Abdominal paragangliomas was present in 22% ( n = 12/55), head and neck paragangliomas in 11% ( n = 6/55), and thoracic paragangliomas in 2 of 55 patients. For paragangliomas, SDHx accounted for 72% ( n = 13/18) of mutations. The rate of malignancy was 16% ( n = 9/55), 56% of whom had SDHB mutations. In two-thirds of patients, functional imaging identified either extra-adrenal paragangliomas and/or metastatic disease. Conclusion The majority of pediatric patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas have detectable germline mutations. Therefore, we suggest strongly that all pediatric patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas undergo genetic testing and imaging to detect extra-adrenal paragangliomas and metastatic disease to guide treatment and follow-up.
Soft Tissue Principles to Minimize Scarring : An Overview

This article is a broad overview of measures and techniques that can be used to minimize soft tissue scarring.
Models with Priorities

Models with multiple types of customers are also known as models of multi-class systems. The queuing models described in previous chapters had only one customer type, so all customers were treated alike. In models with multiple types of customers, each customer type has its own mean arrival rate, mean service period, and other workload parameters. Usually, each customer type is given a priority. A priority is used by the server object to select a customer for service. The server normally selects the customer with the highest priority. The priority affects the order of removal from the queue — the queue discipline. In previous models, there was only one type of customer and the simple discipline first-in-first-out (FIFO) was always implied.
Compositional Vector Space Models for Knowledge Base Inference.

Traditional approaches to knowledge base completion have been based on symbolic representations. Lowdimensional vector embedding models proposed recently for this task are attractive since they generalize to possibly unlimited sets of relations. A significant drawback of previous embedding models for KB completion is that they merely support reasoning on individual relations (e.g., bornIn(X, Y ) ⇒ nationality(X, Y )). In this work, we develop models for KB completion that support chains of reasoning on paths of any length using compositional vector space models. We construct compositional vector representations for the paths in the KB graph from the semantic vector representations of the binary relations in that path and perform inference directly in the vector space. Unlike previous methods, our approach can generalize to paths that are unseen in training and, in a zero-shot setting, predict target relations without supervised training data for that relation.
Initial evidence for pretargeting of tumor with fluorescence morpholino oligomers

1855 Objectives: One limitation to NIR fluorescence imaging is insufficient tumor-to-tissue contrast due to nonspecific delivery to the tumor. Pretargeting with radioactivity has been shown to be capable of significantly improving tumor-to-tissue contrast over conventional imaging in both animal studies and clinical trial. This laboratory is investigating DNA analogues for pretargeting with 99mTc detection and recognize that the unique properties of oligomer hybridization may be useful in pretargeting with optical detection. To our knowledge, the use of linear fluorophor-conjugated oligomer duplexes have not previously been considered for pretargeting applications. Methods: Two MORFs were selected such that when hybridized with a dabcyl-conjugated 18 mer complementary phosphorodiamidate morpholino(cMORF18-dabcyl), the fluorescence of a Cy5.5-conjugated 25 mer MORF(Cy-5.5-MORF25) is inhibited. The cMORF18-dabcyl was selected to dissociate in the presence of a long cMORF25, thus releasing the inhibitor from the Cy5.5. If successful, the Cy5.5 fluorescence will be inhibited everywhere but in the target. The dissociation was examined by SPR and in vitro with the cMORF25 both in solution and immmoblilzed on 1 μm streptavidin polystyrene beads. Biotinylated cMORF25 on beads was also administered to hairless SKH-1 mice intramuscularly in the left thigh as target while an identical weight of the identical beads but without the cMORF administered in the right thigh as control. Thereafter animals received IV 1.5 nmole of the Cy5.5-MORF25/dabcyl-cMORF18 duplex or 1.5 nmole of single chain Cy5.5-MORF25 and were imaged on a Xenogen IVIS Imaging System Series 100. Results: The SPR studies showed that the immobilized cMORF18 rapidly captured the flowing MORF25 to provide a duplex with a slow dissociation rate constant. Furthermore, when cMORF25 was allowed to flow over the immobilized duplex, the cMORF18 was unable to prevent its rapid dissociation and the formation of a cMORF25-MORF25 duplex. Among the normal tissues, including the normal thigh, only the kidneys were visible while the study thigh was visible as early as 1 h. Conclusions: This first study of optical pretargeting provides a proof of concept that oligomer pretargeting found to be useful with radioactivity detection is applicable with fluorescent detection as well. Our results demonstrate that by using linear oligomers for optical pretargeting, chain lengths (and base sequences) may be manipulated to provide duplexes with stabilities and fluorescence inhibition optimized for pretargeting and other applications of optical imaging.
A Computational Geometry Framework for Efficient Network Localization

Network localization is an emerging paradigm for providing high-accuracy positional information in GPS-challenged environments. To enable efficient network localization, we propose node prioritization strategies for allocating transmission resources among network nodes. This paper develops a computational geometry framework for determining the optimal node prioritization strategy. The framework consists of transforming each node prioritization strategy into a point in a Euclidian space and exploiting geometric properties of these points. Under this framework, we prove the sparsity property of the optimal node prioritization vector (NPV) and reduce the search space of the optimal NPV. Our approach yields exact optimal solutions rather than $\epsilon $ -approximate solutions for efficient network localization. Numerical results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the computational complexity of prioritization strategies and improve the accuracy of network localization.