cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of variability and synchrony in assessing contributions of individual streams to habitat portfolios of river basins

Abstract Despite growing recognition that complex population portfolios are important sources of ecosystem stability and resilience, the structure of such stock complexes is often not considered in monitoring schemes to inform environmental impact assessments. The use of “index” or “indicator” sites, and of short assessment windows, to make broad claims about the relative importance of specific habitats or populations within a portfolio, assume that regional populations are highly synchronous and that abundance is stable through time. Asynchrony among populations and changes in population productivity over time render these assumptions fundamentally flawed. We used 57 years of abundance data for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) spawning in a set of eight streams in the Wood River watershed, southwest Alaska, to demonstrate how natural patterns of variability affect the ability of fixed assessment windows to characterize the contribution of individual populations to the entire portfolio. Additionally, simulations were used to demonstrate how different levels of synchrony and autocorrelation affect the ability of monitoring schemes to estimate the contributions of individual populations to a portfolio over the long-term. We found that fixed assessment windows were distinctly limited in their ability to characterize a population’s contribution to a portfolio over the long-tem. Asynchronous dynamics among populations, and the presence of autocorrelation that creates slow changes in populations, weaken the ability to characterize a stream's potential contribution to a portfolio from short-term assessments. These results suggest that the structure of population portfolios, and the presence of directional changes in productivity within individual populations, need to be taken into account when carrying out environmental risk assessments that aim to measure the contribution of an individual population or habitat to system wide dynamics. Typical risk assessments that depend on short monitoring periods are likely to vastly underestimate the potential long-term value of any specific habitat, and the population it supports, as a component of a multi-population portfolio.
Can volunteer medical visit companions support older adults in the United States

Older adults are encouraged to use Medical Visit Companions (MVCs) for routine medical encounters; however, many vulnerable older adults attend alone or fail to attend. In the absence of available family or friends, community volunteers could potentially fill this gap. We aimed to understand the role and acceptability of volunteer MVCs accompanying older adults to medical visits and explore potential barriers and facilitators of increasing MVC availability and expanding roles beyond transportation. Two moderators conducted 4 focus groups with 29 volunteers grouped by whether they provided (n = 15) or received (n = 14) rides to medical visits. All were members of Partners In Care (PIC), a community organization in Maryland, United States which offers a range of programs and services that support the independence of older adults including the provision of volunteer MVCs. Participants were asked to discuss why they were involved with PIC, and to describe their experiences with providing or receiving companionship during medical visits. Inductive thematic analysis was used to explore the views and experiences of participants, particularly around the roles played by MVCs and the feasibility of expanding these roles. All participants reported benefits from their role whether that was giving or receiving rides. Many accompanied participants reported missing medical appointments prior to joining PIC and being able to avail of the services of a MVC. Volunteer roles varied and ranged from transportation only, help with care coordination and in some cases accompanying the person into their medical visit. A subgroup of volunteers expressed a willingness to take on additional roles during the physician visit following additional training and isolated older adults welcomed the prospect of their assistance. Our qualitative data indicate that non-family, volunteer MVCs are willing and able to assist older people going to a medical visit. With appropriate training and support, volunteer companions could do much to improve the healthcare experience for those who otherwise would attend alone or would not attend medical visits.
Volumetric interferometric lattice light-sheet imaging.

Live cell imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and high detection sensitivity facilitates the study of the dynamics of cellular structure and function. However, extracting high-resolution 4D (3D space plus time) information from live cells remains challenging, because current methods are slow, require high peak excitation intensities or suffer from high out-of-focus background. Here we present 3D interferometric lattice light-sheet (3D-iLLS) imaging, a technique that requires low excitation light levels and provides high background suppression and substantially improved volumetric resolution by combining 4Pi interferometry with selective plane illumination. We demonstrate that 3D-iLLS has an axial resolution and single-particle localization precision of 100 nm (FWHM) and <10 nm (1σ), respectively. We illustrate the performance of 3D-iLLS in a range of systems: single messenger RNA molecules, nanoscale assemblies of transcription regulators in the nucleus, the microtubule cytoskeleton and mitochondria organelles. The enhanced 4D resolution and increased signal-to-noise ratio of 3D-iLLS will facilitate the analysis of biological processes at the sub-cellular level. New lattice light-sheet microscopy approach improves live cell imaging.
Criticality of Plutonium Compounds in the Undermoderated Range, H:Pu ≤ 20

Experimental criticality data do not exist for most plutonium compounds. To obtain guidelines for nuclear criticality safety use, a survey utilizing transport-theory calculations was made to determ...
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Recurrence of Arthritis Initiated by Peptidoglycan-Polysaccharide

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and covalent complexes of peptidoglycan and polysaccharide (PG-PS) are the major toxic components of bacterial cell walls. The lipid A and peptidoglycan moieties are responsible for much of the biological activity of LPS and PG-PS, respectively. Both are ubiquitous in the environment and have many biological properties in common, including polyclonal activation of lymphoid cells, complement activation, mitogenicity, macrophage activation, and adjuvanticity (3,8,10,11). In spite of these similarities, the interaction or complementation of the phlogistic properties of these toxic polymers in inflammation has received little attention.
Symposium: Oiling the Schoolhouse Gate: After Forty Years of Tinkering with Teachers' First Amendment Rights, Time for a New Beginning

Introduction 1286 I. The Story So Far—A History of Courts Embracing the Role of Teachers and Education 1288 II. Chipping Away at Teacher Rights 1295 A. Early Limits and Balancing 1295 B. The Hazelwood Hazard 1297 C. Closing the Schoolhouse Door—Teachers As (Just) Public Employees 1301 III. Considering the Consequences of a Forty-Year Journey Away From Common Sense—Some Areas For Improvement 1309 A. Legislative and Contractual Responses 1312 B. Technological Developments 1315 C. Rehabilitating the Reputation of Teachers 1318 Conclusion 1319
Low‐Frequency Circulation Over the Texas‐Louisiana Continental Shelf

Low-frequency circulation over the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf is examined. Currents over the inner shelf are upcoast (Rio Grande to Mississippi River) in summer and downcoast in nonsummer and are driven by an annual cycle of winds. This results in an annual signal for salinity, with lowest salinity waters occurring (a) in late spring along the inner portion of the western shelf when downcoast flows carry the high discharges from the Mississippi-Atchafalya and other rivers to the Mexican border, and (b) in summer over the inner and outer eastern shelf when the upcoast flow causes a pooling of the discharges from the Mississippi-Atchafalya rivers over that shelf. Upcoast winds during summer also result in high salinities over the western shelf due to advection from off Mexico and upwelling. Currents over the outer shelf are variable, but predominantly upcoast throughout the year, probably a result of the integrated effects of anticy-clonic eddies impinging on the shelf edge. Comparison of currents in the weather band (2-10 d) with the mesoscale band (10-100 d) suggests the shelf is divided at approximately the 50-m isobath. The weather band predominates over the inner shelf, reflecting frequent passage of fronts over the region. The mesoscale band predominates over the outer shelf, indicating the presence of offshelf eddies that frequent this region.
Active site profiling to identify protein functional sites in sequences and structures using the Deacon Active Site Profiler (DASP).

Methods for the annotation and analysis of functional sites in proteins are an area of active research, and those methods that allow detailed characterization of functional site features are much needed. A Web site application, DASP, which implements a previously described method (Cammer, et al., 2003) to allow users to create an active site profile for any protein family, is described. Two protocols for functional site analysis of protein families using DASP are presented: 1) creation of functional site signatures and a profile from proteins of known structure and 2) utilization of the active site profile to search sequences that contain fragments similar to those found in the functional site signatures. The active site profile produced by Basic Protocol 1 allows the user to analyze the features of the functional site, i.e., those characteristics that are common across the family and those that are unique to one or several members of the family. The characteristics that are unique to a subfamily might be described as specificity determinants i.e., features that impart specificity to a particular function. Basic Protocol 2 provides instructions for searching for sequences that might contain a similar functional site. Keywords: active site profiling; fuzzy functional form; protein function prediction; active site; functional site; functional specificity determinants
The Nipple is Just Another Margin.

The indications for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), also termed ‘‘total skin-sparing mastectomy,’’ have evolved to include the majority of patients undergoing mastectomy. Few absolute contraindications to nipple sparing remain. These have included direct involvement of the nipple– areola complex (NAC), observed on preoperative clinical exam or imaging, or involvement of the nipple margin tissue seen on pathology. At some centers, patients with locally advanced breast cancer are considered eligible for nipple sparing after neoadjuvant systemic therapy and with postmastectomy radiation. Cosmetic contraindications to nipple sparing include factors that would result in an unacceptable posi
Destabilization and Mislocalization of Myelin Basic Protein mRNAs in quaking Dysmyelination Lacking the QKI RNA-Binding Proteins

Quakingviable (qkv) is a well known dysmyelination mutation. Recently, the genetic lesion of qkv has been defined as a deletion 5′ to the qkI gene, which results in the severe reduction of the qkI-encoded QKI RNA-binding proteins in myelin-producing cells. However, no comprehensive model has been proposed regarding how the lack of QKI leads to dysmyelination. We hypothesized that QKI binds to myelin protein mRNAs, and the lack of QKI causes posttranscriptional misregulation, which in turn leads to the loss of the corresponding myelin proteins. To test this hypothesis, we developed an RNase protection assay to directly measure the mRNA isoforms encoding the myelin basic proteins (MBPs) in the brain. Our result suggested that isoform-preferential destabilization of MBP mRNAs in the cytoplasm was responsible for the reduced MBPs in the qkv/qkv brain during early myelination. In addition, we detected markedly reduced MBP mRNAs in the qkv/qkv myelin fraction with concomitant accumulation of MBP mRNAs associated with membrane-free polyribosomes. Presumably, the impaired localization of MBP mRNAs to the myelin membrane may cause insufficient incorporation of the newly synthesized MBPs into the myelin sheath. Finally, we observed interactions between QKI and MBP mRNAs, and removing MBP 3′UTR significantly reduced QKI-binding. Taken together, these observations suggest that misregulation at multiple posttranscriptional steps is responsible for the severe reduction of MBPs in qkvdysmyelination, presumably because of the lack of interactions between MBP mRNAs and the QKI RNA-binding proteins.
Storing spatial data on a network of workstations

It is becoming increasingly important that a Geographical Information System delivers high performance to efficiently store, retrieve and process the voluminous data that it needs to handle. It is necessary to employ processing and storage parallelism for scalable long-term solutions. With the demise of many custom-built parallel machines, it is imperative that we use off-the-shelf technology to provide this parallelism. A closely-coupled network of workstations is a viable alternative. This paper shows that a distributed index structure spanning the workstations can provide an efficient shared storage structure that can be used to get to the geographic information distributed amongst the individual disks and memories of the workstations. This goal can be attained without significantly compromising on the time taken to build this structure.
From ignition to stable combustion in a cavity flameholder studied via 3D tomographic chemiluminescence at 20 kHz

Abstract This work reports the study of the ignition processes in a Mach-2 cavity combustor based on three-dimensional (3D) measurements at 20 kHz. The 3D measurements were obtained by a combination of tomographic chemiluminescence and fiber-based endoscopes. Measurements of 3D flame and flow properties were reported under two fueling conditions of the combustor. The properties included 3D volume, surface area, shape factor, and 3D3C (three-dimensional and three-component) velocity of the ignition kernel. These results clearly distinguished the ignition stage from the stable combustion stage of the combustor and enabled the determination of a transition time to quantify both stages. The analysis of the change of the ignition kernel's shape, when combined with the 3D3C velocity measurements, also illustrated flame-flow interactions in the cavity combustor. These results demonstrated the utility of the 3D diagnostics to overcome some of the limitations of established planar diagnostics and to resolve the dynamics of high-speed combustion devices both spatially and temporally.
Modeling Time: Adequacy of Three Distinct Time Concepts for Temporal Databases

In this paper we present newly elaborated time concepts for precise and lossless information preservation in temporal databases. First we introduce notions of temporal validity and interpretation-based validity, which help us correctly understand various time concepts introduced earlier for temporal databases. We, then, discuss the problem of preserving multiple past states of a temporal database and argue that three time concepts, valid time, transaction time, and event time are needed to attain the preservation. Lastly a simple and effective representation of temporal information with two-dimensional time is introduced.
Editorial: Restoring Nafissatou Diallo’s Integrity

The editorial of "Issues of Our Time" on Nafissatou Diallo. This historical issue examines the case of The State versus Dominique Strauss Kahn.
Convergence Rates for Monte Carlo Experiments

This paper gives a brief overview of techniques developed recently for analyzing the rate of convergence to equilibrium in Markov chain Monte Carlo experiments. A number of applications in statistical physics are mentioned, and extensive references provided.
Early treatment with recombinant factor VIIa results in greater efficacy with less product.

: Early treatment of bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients offers advantages over later treatment, including minimizing the damage caused by the haemorrhage and reducing the amount of product needed to control it. Self-administration at home also offers greater convenience, and time and cost savings for both patient and physician. We compared the amount of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven®, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) used in the treatment of peripheral intramuscular haemorrhages in people with haemophilia A and B with inhibitors and in those with acquired haemophilia, in the compassionate use, dose-finding and US home treatment studies. We also compared the response rates in each of the 3 studies. In the compassionate use setting, in which the mean time from onset of bleeding to initiation of treatment with rFVIIa was 5 d, the mean number of doses given per bleeding episode was 13.6, with 63.1% of episodes without compartment syndrome and 73% with tense muscle/compartment syndrome having an excellent or effective response. In the dose-finding study, average time from onset of bleeding to treatment with rFVIIa was 9 h. The average number of doses given was 3.55, and 72% in the high-dose arm were judged to have an excellent or effective response. In the US home treatment study in which bleeding episodes were treated earlier (mean 1.2 h from onset of bleeding), the mean number of doses given was 2.3, and 92% had an effective response to treatment. These findings indicate that early treatment with rFVIIa has a greater success rate, with fewer doses being required. Home treatment results in cost savings, greater convenience, and less morbidity.
FUNCTIONAL MODULATION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-RELATED P-GLYCOPROTEIN BY CA2+ -CALMODULIN

Studies with inside-out plasma membrane vesicles from multidrug-resistant (MDR 3) murine erythroleukemia (MEL/VCR-6) cells have provided evidence for down-modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function by Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CLM). These studies showed that CLM in the presence or absence of Ca2+ had no effect on binding of [3H]vinblastine (VBL) by P-gp in inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. However, profound inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]VBL efflux by these vesicles was demonstrated by the addition of subnanomolar concentrations of CLM (IC50 = 0.15 +/- 0.02 nM). The addition of 1 microM Ca2+ reduced the inhibition of [3H]VBL efflux by CLM, shifting the concentration required for inhibition to the nM range (IC50 = 2.55 +/- 0.35 nM). The inhibition of as 0.01 mM Ca2+, and no inhibition occurred with concentrations greater than 0.2 mM Ca2+. Binding of CLM, itself, to P-gp was demonstrated in two ways. The P-gp content of detergent-solubilized plasma membrane from MEL/VCR-6 cells could be appreciably depleted by treating this material with CLM-Sepharose beads as shown by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Western blotting with anti-P-gp antibody (C219) before and after CLM-Sepharose treatment. Also, depletion of P-gp from solution by CLM was less in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. Blotting of P-gp after SDS-PAGE of plasma membrane from MEL/VCR-6 cells was also obtained using 125I-CLM as a probe. These results strongly suggest that the MDR 3 homolog of P-gp is a CLM-binding protein and that direct interaction of Ca(2+)-CLM with P-gp, while not affecting its binding of [3H]VBL, down-modulates the translocation of this agent in the presence of ATP.
A model of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the zebrafish

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common genetic defect and enzymopathy worldwide, affecting approximately 400 million people and causing acute hemolysis in persons exposed to prooxidant compounds such as menthol, naphthalene, antimalarial drugs, and fava beans. Mouse models have not been useful because of a lack of significant response to oxidative challenge. We turned to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, which develop ex utero and are transparent, allowing visualization of hemolysis. We designed morpholinos to zebrafish g6pd that were effective in reducing gene expression as shown by Western blot and G6PD enzyme activity, resulting in a brisk hemolysis and pericardial edema secondary to anemia. Titration of the g6pd knockdown allowed us to generate embryos that displayed no overt phenotype until exposed to the prooxidant compounds 1-naphthol, menthol, or primaquine, after which they developed hemolysis and pericardial edema within 48-72 hours. We were also able to show that g6pd morphants displayed significant levels of increased oxidative stress compared with controls. We anticipate that this will be a useful model of G6PD deficiency to study hemolysis as well as oxidative stress that occurs after exposure to prooxidants, similar to what occurs in G6PD-deficient persons.
Modified type IV-V radical hysterectomy with systematic pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of patients with Stage III cervical carcinoma: Feasibility, technique, and clinical results

BACKGROUND Due to the high prevalence of perioperative major morbidity and the difficulties in achieving surgical disease free margins, surgery has had no role in the treatment of patients with Stage III cervical carcinoma. METHODS Forty-two women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage III cervical carcinoma responding to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent the maximum surgical effort, comprised of a modified type IV-V radical hysterectomy (37 patients) or anterior pelvectomy (5 patients) with systematic pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy. Feasibility, modifications of surgical technique, and pathologic and clinical data were analyzed. RESULTS Surgery was feasible in all 42 patients intraoperatively selected. Disease free margins were achieved in all but one patient. The median operating time was 390 minutes, and the median estimated blood loss was 800 mL. In the last series of patients, these figures declined to 320 minutes and 600 mL, respectively. Major morbidity consisted of severe intraoperative hemorrhage in two patients, pulmonary embolism in four, ureteral fistula in three, and laparocele in three. The number of lymph nodes removed ranged from 30 to 117 with a median of 56. The mean lengths of vagina and lateral parametrium resected were 55 and 48 mm, respectively. Despite perioperative chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis was present in 36% of patients, parametrial disease in 38%, and vaginal disease in 45%. After a median follow-up of 53 months, the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates of radically operated patients were 70% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Thanks to improved surgical technique and perioperative care, extended radical surgery appears to be feasible with acceptable morbidity in chemosensitive women with Stage III cervical carcinoma and may constitute a valid alternative to radiotherapy in these patients. Cancer 1996;78:2359-65.
X-ray absorption characterization of Cr in forsterite within the MacAlpine Hills 88136 EL3 chondritic meteorite

Chromium K -edge X-ray absorption spectra were collected to characterize Cr in forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) as well as sulfides within the MAC 88136 EL3 chondrite to determine Cr valence and to see whether forsterite within this meteorite can be used as a Cr 2+ -silicate standard. Spectra were measured on several areas within a nearly pure 100 × 200 μm forsterite grain containing 0.13 wt% Cr. XANES findings indicate highly reduced Cr 2+ species, with no clear evidence of Cr 3+ or Cr 6+ . EXAFS data indicate an average 2.02 A Cr-O nearest-neighbor distance, consistent with Cr-O distances found in square-planar Cr 2+ O 4 sites observed in synthetic crystalline silicates, and an average 2.69 A Cr-Si second-nearest neighbor distance, consistent with Cr 2+ substituting for Mg 2+ in the forsterite M(1) site. Nearest-neighbor Debye-Waller factor and coordination number parameters indicate Cr 2+ is likely entering forsterite in disordered sites that are possible intermediates between M(1) and square-planar Cr 2+ O 4 configurations. Preliminary Cr XAS measurements on sulfides within this meteorite also indicate Cr 2+ in CrS 6 octahedra.
RADIOACTIVE LABELING OF PROTEINS OF SACCHAROMYCES CARLSBERGENSIS PROTOPLAST MEMBRANE

Yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) protoplasts were suspended in 0.8 M mannitol-phosphate buffer (pH 9.2) and were labeled with dansyl chloride (GJH). When the protoplasts were washed and then ruptured in non isotonic media, and subsequently separated in a discontinuous sucrose gradient, over 92% of the radioactivity present was associated with the membrane fraction. The isolated labeled cytoplasmic membrane was solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol and separated by gel filtration chromatography on Bio gel P-100 and P-150 columns. The elution pattern showed three peaks of radioactivity, but the bulk of protein, which eluted in the void volume, was found to have a comparatively low level of radioactivity. This suggests that there was selectivity in the labeling reaction, i.e. only certain proteins are exposed in such a way as to be accessible to labeling by dansylation. We suggest these proteins are at the protoplast surface. It is suggested that there are three or possibly four polypeptides which have an N-terminal group exposed on the outer surface of the yeast membrane.
Event-related brain potentials to high incentive stimuli in abstinent alcoholics.

Abstract We have previously found that the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is reduced in alcoholics in visual target-selection paradigms. P3 voltage depends on the “subjective significance” of the stimulus (e.g., task relevance, probability of occurrence, motivational factors). We were interested in assessing P3s in alcoholics to motivationally significant stimuli that did not differ with respect to other aspects of significance. Equiprobable, task-relevant visual stimuli with different acquired incentive values were presented to alcoholics under baseline and two incentive conditions. Alcoholics manifested similar lower P3 voltages without P3 latency delays to all stimuli, regardless of incentive values. Latency Corrected Averages indicated that these results were not due to latency jitter in the averages. These results suggest multiple system deficits in alcoholics, perhaps in involving frontal and/or medial temporal lobe, the brain sources implicated in the generation of P3. Our results perhaps reflect a deficit in motivational-cognitive systems in alcoholics, possibly affecting their ability to actively sustain information processing.
Assessment of In-Hospital Walking Velocity and Level of Assistance in a Powered Exoskeleton in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) often use a wheelchair for mobility due to paralysis. Powered exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) provides a modality for walking overground with crutches. Little is known about the EAW velocities and level of assistance (LOA) needed for these devices. Objective: The primary aim was to evaluate EAW velocity, number of sessions, and LOA and the relationships among them. The secondary aims were to report on safety and the qualitative analysis of gait and posture during EAW in a hospital setting. Methods: Twelve individuals with SCI ?1.5 years who were wheelchair users participated. They wore a powered exoskeleton (ReWalk; ReWalk Robotics, Inc., Marlborough, MA) with Lofstrand crutches to complete 10-meter (10MWT) and 6-minute (6MWT) walk tests. LOA was defined as modified independence (MI), supervision (S), minimal assistance (Min), and moderate assistance (Mod). Best effort EAW velocity, LOA, and observational gait analysis were recorded. Results: Seven ...
The influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles on wave-driven sea-floor sediment mobility along the central California continental margin

Abstract Ocean surface waves are the dominant temporally and spatially variable process influencing sea floor sediment resuspension along most continental shelves. Wave-induced sediment mobility on the continental shelf and upper continental slope off central California for different phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events was modeled using monthly statistics derived from more than 14 years of concurrent hourly oceanographic and meteorologic data as boundary input for the Delft SWAN wave model, gridded sea floor grain-size data from the usSEABED database, and regional bathymetry. Differences as small as 0.5 m in wave height, 1 s in wave period, and 10° in wave direction, in conjunction with the spatially heterogeneous unconsolidated sea-floor sedimentary cover, result in significant changes in the predicted mobility of continental shelf surficial sediment in the study area. El Nino events result in more frequent mobilization on the inner shelf in the summer and winter than during La Nina events and on the outer shelf and upper slope in the winter months, while La Nina events result in more frequent mobilization on the mid-shelf during spring and summer months than during El Nino events. The timing and patterns of seabed mobility are addressed in context of geologic and biologic processes. By understanding the spatial and temporal variability in the disturbance of the sea floor, scientists can better interpret sedimentary patterns and ecosystem structure, while providing managers and planners an understanding of natural impacts when considering the permitting of offshore activities that disturb the sea floor such as trawling, dredging, and the emplacement of sea-floor engineering structures.
Expected earnings growth and portfolio performance

We form portfolios based on forecasted growth rates in earnings and apply stochastic dominance tests. Low expected-growth rate portfolios dominate high expected-growth rate portfolios. This suggests that the superior return performance of value stocks is not due to omitted risk factors but is a consequence of investors making systematic errors in forming earnings expectations.
STATE-TO-STATE DYNAMICS OF THE H + CDCL3(V1 =1) HD(V'J') + CCL3 REACTION

We report a study of the reaction dynamics of the H + CDCl3 → HD(v‘,j‘) + CCl3 reaction with the CDCl3 reactant prepared in the ν1 C−D stretch v‘‘=1 excited state. Stimulated Raman excitation is used to prepare the CDCl3(v‘‘=1) reactant and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is used to detect the HD(v‘,j‘) product, under effectively single-collision conditions at a relative energy of 1.6 eV. Even though the vibrational excitation energy of the reactant (0.28 eV) is small compared to the collision energy, which greatly exceeds the reaction barrier height, the vibrational excitation of the reactant increases the reaction cross section by a factor of 1.66 ± 0.15. Despite this, none of the energy added by the reactant vibrational excitation appears as HD product vibration or rotation. All of it goes into product translation and/or CCl3 internal energy.
Identification of Novel Mutations in the Human HPRT Gene

Inherited mutation of the purine salvage enzyme, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gives rise to Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) or Lesch–Nyhan variants (LNVs). We report three novel independent mutations in the coding region of HPRT gene: exon 3: c.141delA, p.D47fs53X; exon 5: c.400G>A, p.E134K; exon 7: c.499A>G, p.R167G from three LNS affected male patients.
The Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Is Increased following Surgical Ligation Versus Indomethacin Treatment of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

The Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Is Increased following Surgical Ligation Versus Indomethacin Treatment of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Electronic structure and spin polarization of Mn-containing dilute magnetic III-V semiconductors

We present ab initio density-functional calculations for the electronic structure of the dilute magnetic semiconductors ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ with a realistic $x=0.063.$ We find that the introduction of Mn perturbs the position of the nearest As atoms, but does not break the tetrahedral symmetry. Neither material is found to be strictly half metallic. However, in both materials the Mn content results in a majority-spin valence-band maximum that is $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$ eV above the minority-spin valence-band maximum. This large valence-band split is primarily due to the hybridization of As $4p$ and Mn $3d$ orbitals. It results in a significant energy range where holes have a well-defined spin. The effective masses of holes in this range are found to be comparable to those of GaAs and InAs. Hence, in an ideal, disorder-free situation, spin-polarized transport may be explained by conventional transport in the context of a simple band picture. This leads to a theoretical limit of 100% spin injection from these materials. Attaining this limit in a sufficiently ordered material also requires a careful ``engineering'' of the Fermi-level position and a sufficiently low temperature.
The effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the treatment of critical limb ischemia: a 10-year experience.

Objective To determine the efficacy, safety, and long-term results, including continued clinical improvement and limb salvage, of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Methods From August 1993 to March 2004, 138 limbs in 111 patients with CLI (rest pain in 62 [45%] and ulcer/gangrene in 76 [55%]) were treated by PTA. In iliac lesions, stents were placed selectively for primary PTA failure: residual stenosis (>30%) or pressure gradient (>5 mm Hg). Stent placement was limited in infrainguinal lesions. The most distal affected arteries treated with angioplasty were the iliac artery in 45 limbs (33%; iliac group), the femoropopliteal artery in 41 limbs (30%; FP group), and tibial arteries in 52 limbs (37%; BK group). All analysis was performed according to an intent-to-treat basis. Reporting standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery were followed to evaluate initial success, and late follow-up status was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Patency was evaluated by using ultrasound scanning and ankle-brachial pressure index measurement. Results There was one (0.9%) perioperative death. Twenty stents were placed selectively in 14 iliac arteries. Mean follow-up was 14.7 months (range, 1–75 months). Overall, initial technical and clinical success rates were 96.4% and 92.8%, respectively. The cumulative primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency; continued clinical improvement; and limb salvage rates ± SE at 5 years were 31.4% ± 10.4%, 75.5% ± 5.7%, 79.6% ± 5.5%, 36.1% ± 10.0%, and 89.1% ± 4.0%, respectively. In each subgroup, the primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency; continued clinical improvement; and limb salvage rates at 3 years were 51.6%, 94.7%, 97.8%, 65.1%, and 95.0%, respectively, in the iliac group; 49.4%, 72.2%, 76.4%, 57.4%, and 92.7%, respectively, in the FP group; and 23.5%, 41.8%, 46.1%, 51.1%, and 77.3%, respectively, in the BK group. Of the 12 predictable variables, hypertension, multiple segment lesions, more distal lesions, and TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus classification type D were significant independent risk factors for the outcomes ( P Conclusions PTA is a feasible, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of CLI. The high limb salvage rate is attributed to the high assisted primary and secondary patency rates despite the low primary patency rate. Angioplasty can be the primary choice for the treatment of CLI due to iliac and infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease.
Thermodynamics of the system benzene-carbon tetrachloride

Abstract The thermodynamic behavior of benzene-carbon tetrachloride solutions at temperatures between 30 and 70°C and over the entire concentration range has been examined in terms of the Maron theory of nonelectrolyte solutions. The interaction parameter calculated from vapor pressure data has been found to be independent of concentration and to be linearly dependent on temperature. Use of this parameter in the equations given by the theory allows complete correlation of the available heats, entropies, and heat capacities of mixing for this system. For all these properties very good agreement has been obtained between the calculated and observed quantities.
The atherosclerotic aorta at aortic valve replacement: surgical strategies and results.

Abstract Background: Aortic valve replacement in patients with severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta poses technical challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine operative strategies and results of aortic valve replacement in patients with a severely atherosclerotic ascending aorta that could not be safely crossclamped. Patients and Methods: From January 1990 to December 1998, 4983 patients had aortic valve surgery; of these, 62 (1.2%) patients had a severely atherosclerotic ascending aorta and required hypothermic circulatory arrest to facilitate aortic valve replacement. They form the study group. Results: All patients had hypothermic circulatory arrest, but several different strategies were used to manage the ascending aorta. These techniques included aortic valve replacement with the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (39%), ascending aortic endarterectomy (26%), ascending aortic replacement (19%), aortic inspection and crossclamping during hypothermic circulatory arrest (10%), and balloon occlusion of the ascending aorta (6%). Duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest was substantially longer for patients having aortic valve replacement with hypothermic circulatory arrest than for all other strategies. Hospital mortality was 14%, and 10% of patients had strokes. Increasing New York Heart Association functional class and impaired left ventricular function were risk factors for hospital mortality. Choice of operative technique did not influence patient outcome; however, no patient who underwent replacement of the ascending aorta had a stroke. Conclusions: Aortic valve replacement in patients with severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta is associated with increased operative morbidity and mortality. Complete aortic valve replacement during hypothermic circulatory arrest, the "no-touch" technique, requires a prolonged period of circulatory arrest. Ascending aortic replacement is a preferred technique, as it requires a short period of hypothermic circulatory arrest and results in comparable mortality with a low risk of stroke. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:957-65)
Differences in impact between local and national televised political candidates' debates

(1982). Differences in impact between local and national televised political candidates' debates. Western Journal of Speech Communication: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 291-298.
Effect of Lysine and Diethanolamine—Rutin on Blood Levels, Withdrawal Reaction and Acute Toxicity of Ethanol in Mice

Abstract The effects of L ‐lysine and diethanolamine‐rutin on blood ethanol levels and withdrawal convulsions following a 4‐day exposure to ethanol vapors were evaluated in 30–40‐g male Swiss‐Webster mice. The animals were exposed in groups, along with simultaneous controls, in a 34‐liter dynamic Plexiglas exposure chamber. Blood was collected by retro‐orbital puncture and analyzed enzymatically for ethanol. At the end of the inhalation period, convulsions on handling were scored over 24 hr. In addition, the effects of L‐lysine and diethanolamine—rutin on blood ethanol levels and on acute ethanol toxicity following oral and intraperitoneal administration were evaluated. L ‐Lysine lowered blood ethanol levels following inhalation or oral administration of ethanol. Diethanolamine-rutin had no effect on blood ethanol levels. Both L ‐lysine and diethanolamine-rutin decreased the withdrawal reaction in dependent mice. L ‐Lysine increased the oral LD 50 of ethanol, while diethanolamine-rutin decreased the intraperitoneal LD 50 of ethanol.
Mass Spectrometric Identification of Proteotypic Peptides from Clinically Used Tumor Markers

With the rapid development of mass spectrometry-based technologies such as multiple reaction monitoring and heavy-isotope-labeled-peptide standards, quantitative analysis of biomarker proteins using mass spectrometry is rapidly progressing toward detection of target proteins/peptides from clinical samples. Proteotypic peptides are a few peptides that are repeatedly and consistently identified from a protein in a mixture and are used for quantitative analysis of the protein in a complex biological sample by mass spectrometry. Using mass spectrometry, we identified peptide sequences and provided a list of tryptic peptides and glycopeptides as proteotypic peptides from five clinically used tumor markers, including prostate-specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, Her-2, human chorionic gonadotropin, and CA125. These proteotypic peptides have potential for targeted detection as well as heavy-isotope-peptide standards for quantitative analysis of marker proteins in clinical specimens using a highly specific, sensitive, and high-throughout mass spectrometry-based analysis method.
Cyclic AMP-induced changes in membrane conductance of Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells

Enhanced cellular cAMP levels have been shown to increase apical membrane Cl− and HCO3− conductances in epithelia. We found that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) increases cAMP levels inNecturus gallbladder. We used conventional open-tip and double-barreled Cl−-selective microelectrodes to study the effects of IBMX on membrane conductances and intracellular Cl− activities in gallbladders mounted in a divided chamber and bathed with Ringer's solutions at 23°C and pH 7.4. In HCO3−-free media, 0.1mM IBMX added to the mucosal medium depolarized the apical membrane potentialVa, decreased the fractional resistanceFR, and significantly reduced intracellular Cl− activity (aCli). Under control conditions,aCli was above the value corresponding to passive distribution across the apical cell membrane. In media containing 25mM HCO3−, IBMX caused a small transient hyperpolarization ofVa followed by a depolarization not significantly different from that observed in HCO3−-free Ringer's. Removal of mucosal Cl−, Na+ or Ca2+ did not affect the IBMX-induced depolarization inVa. The basolateral membrane ofNecturus gallbladder is highly K+ permeable. Increasing serosal K+ from 2.5 to 80mM, depolarizedVa. Mucosal IBMX significantly reduced this depolarization. Addition of 10mM Ba2+, a K+ channel blocker, to the serosal medium depolarizedVa and, essentially, blocked the depolarization induced by IBMX. These results indicate that mucosal IBMX increases apical HCO3− conductance and decreases basolateral K+ conductance in gallbladder epithelial cells via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. The latter effect, not previously reported in epithelial tissues, appears to be the major determinant of the IBMX-induced depolarization ofVa.
Simulations of Mesospheric Sodium Guidestar Radiance

This report will describe the progress towards modeling the radiance of a mesospheric atomic sodium guidestar pumped with a continuous-wave, narrow-linewidth source. We will model the cases of pumping only the D2a line and pumping both the D2a and D2b lines simultaneously. The simulation is named the sodium guidestar simulation or SGS.
Influence of theophylline on the adipokinetic effect of glucagon in vivo.

SummaryInjection of theophylline and of aminophylline caused no elevation of plasma FFA, but produced significant elevation of blood sugar concentration in geese, ducks, and owls.Injection of theophylline caused elevations of both plasma FFA and blood sugar in rabbits.The hyperglycemic and adipokinetic effects of glucagon in birds were not potentiated by the administration of theophylline.The adipokinetic and hyperglycemic effects of glucagon in rabbits were greater when the hormone was injected after an injection of theophylline, than when it was injected during an infusion of glucagon producing levels of plasma FFA and blood sugar similar to those produced by the administration of theophylline.
Presidential Address 2010 When Liberation Becomes Survival

This articles uses three contemporary issues — the struggle for authentic racial and cultural justice for people who are in some way locked out of the “mainstream” of the privileged white power structure, the quest of women to live out their God-ordained humanity in every arena of the church and society, and the response of the church to the perceived threat of the homosexual agenda — to explore the necessity of drawing on the intellectual resources of Pentecostal/Charismatic scholarship to engage the social justice issues with which the church must wrestle in the twenty-first century. Historically, liberation theologies have been dismissed by the evangelical and Pentecostal communities as totally unbiblical responses to social ills driven largely by unbiblical philosophical understanding and agenda, but they have failed to speak a liberative word to those within our own churches whose very lives are circumscribed by blatantly unjust responses to these issues. This article calls for crafting liberative theologies as a Spirit-empowered and enlightened intellectual pursuit that takes seriously the biblical mandate to be responsive to issues of justice.
Effect of cross-linking on the specific heat of polystyrene between 1.6 and 4°K☆

Abstract Measurements are given of the specific heat (1.6–4°K) of polystyrene cross-linked with 1, 5, 20 and 40% divinylbenzene. The unusual temperature dependence can be understood by considering the macromolecules in polystyrene as one dimensional structures.
Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in X-linked muscle dystrophies

To evaluate malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility in X-linked muscular dystrophies, halothane and caffeine contracture tests were performed on muscle fiber bundles from five patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and two patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Two DMD patients and one BMD patient had positive contracture tests. Since a positive contracture test is currently the best indicator of anesthetic susceptibility in the MH population, and episodes of MH in dystrophic patients have been reported, patients with DMD and BMD may be at risk for developing similar anesthetic complications. Awareness of this potential anesthetic risk is of importance because orthopedic interventions are increasingly more common in these patients.