cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of new proteins by gamma interferon in cultured human keratinocytes.

Abstract Human epidermal keratinocytes incubated with recombinant gamma interferon (r-IFN-γ) show, on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, both the appearance of new proteins and the loss of others. Among [ 35 S]methionine-labeled proteins, which are induced in an actinomycin- or α-amanitin-sensitive manner, is a prominent group with an apparent relative molecular mass of 53,000 and pI of 5.3–5.8. The synthesis of these proteins continues for at least 4 days in the presence of gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Over the concentration range tested, up to 670 pM, there is no inhibition of protein synthesis, so the appearance of these proteins cannot be explained by overall inhibition of protein synthesis. Furthermore, at 4 pM we found only minor inhibition of DNA (21%) and RNA (29%) synthesis. Half-maximal induction of the prominent 53 kD proteins occurs at an interferon concentration of 0.8–3.5 pM which may be compared with a range of 1.5–30 pM for HLA-DR induction. The same prominent proteins are also induced by type I interferons. The 53 kD protein complex appears to consist of at least 4 different proteins, one of which is phosphorylated and another one of which is not induced in fibroblasts treated with IFN-γ. We could obtain no evidence that the proteins were related by glycosylation. The presence of these proteins provides a sensitive means of identifying keratinocytes responding to interferons. Lack of these proteins in normal epidermis indicates that interferon does not play a major role in the control of keratinocyte behavior in sound skin.
Electrophoretic separation of the antibody from human allergic serum

Abstract 1.1. In examining human serum by the Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus, no schlieren bands denoting fractions other than albumin, and the three globulins, alpha, beta, and gamma were found. The anomalous band called delta globulin was frequently found in concentrated sera, but this is merely an effect of concentration. 2.2. No distinction could be found between allergic and normal sera. 3.3. When the solutions in the different sections of the apparatus were tested, the skin-sensitizing antibody and the antitoxin against staphylococcus hemolysin were found only in those containing gamma globulin. The antibody for ragweed in rabbits was found to be in the same fraction.
Spinal cord compression by vertebral hemangioma.

Asymptomatic vertebral hemangiomas occur frequently in adults but the discovery of a similar lesion in the pediatric age group is uncommon. A case which involves all the neural arch components with resultant spinal cord compression is rare and is reported with a review of pertinent literature.
The placenta findings from an XYY abortus: a case report

The placenta morphology from an XYY pregnancy abortus has not been reported in the medical literature. This case report consists of the first detailed documentation. The reported case is also highly unusual because the mother had two prior pregnancies with fetuses being confirmed to have Zellweger syndrome and one prior molar pregnancy. A 43-year-old Caucasian woman presented for induction of labor secondary to diagnosis of XYY chromosomes by chorionic villus sample. This is the first detailed observation of placenta morphology in an XYY abortus. Although not highly specific, the observation is very unique and should prompt further investigation of karyotyping of the fetus or infant because an XYY individual may be viable and grow to adulthood. The association of an XYY abortus and prior pregnancies with Zellweger syndrome and one prior molar pregnancy is also highly notable.
Role of the Nude Gene in Epithelial Terminal Differentiation

Loss-of-function mutations in Whn (Hfh11, Foxn1), a winged-helix/forkhead transcription factor, cause the nude phenotype, which is characterized by the abnormal morphogenesis of the epidermis, hair follicles, and thymus. To delineate the biochemical pathway of Whn, we investigated its upstream regulation and downstream effects using primary keratinocytes from wild-type and transgenic mice. The transgenic animals express whn from the involucrin promoter, which is active in keratinocytes undergoing terminal differentiation. In wild-type cultures, as in the epidermis, Whn was induced during the early stages of terminal differentiation and declined during later stages. In transgenic keratinocytes, whn overexpression altered the terminal differentiation program, stimulating an early differentiation marker (keratin 1) and suppressing later markers (profilaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin). These results suggest a role for Whn in the stepwise or temporal regulation of differentiation, as Whn can ensure that the differentiation program is carried out in proper sequence. Before the start of differentiation, Whn levels were suppressed by the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and this signaling pathway was rapidly inactivated as differentiation began. Thus, as keratinocytes commit to terminal differentiation, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling decreases, which permits the induction of Whn; Whn then activates early features of the differentiation program.
Focal neurological lesions produced by microwave irradiation.

SummaryA technic is described of producing focal lesions in the cerebral cortex of rabbits by microwave irradiation without incising the scalp or skull. The results on two animals are reported and future possibilities of this work are discusse.
Knowledge Consolidation Analysis: Toward a Methodology for Studying the Role of Argument in Technology Development

Researchers studying technology development often examine how rhetorical activity contributes to technologies' design, implementation, and stabilization. This article offers a possible methodology for studying one role of rhetorical activity in technology development: knowledge consolidation analysis. Applying this method to an exemplar case, the author describes how explanations of Project Essay Grade (PEG), the first initiative to computerize student essay assessment, made knowledge available about this technology project. More specifically, technologist Ellis Page and his coauthors reworked a key explanatory argument, a justification of PEG's functioning, during the course of several decades, refining and clarifying its key contrasts and strengthening its presentation for generalist educators in particular. Analysis suggests that late presentations of the argument reveal that knowledge was successfully consolidated about a technical procedure Page and his coauthors called “rating simulation.” The concl...
Composition modulation of Ag2Te nanowires for tunable electrical and thermal properties.

In this article, we demonstrated that composition modulation of Ag2Te nanowires can be achieved during the self-templated transformation of Te nanowires into Ag2Te nanowires during solution phase synthesis, which provides a mean to tune the carrier density of the Ag2Te nanowires. Both nearly stoichiometric and Ag-rich nanowires have been synthesized, which give rise to p-type and n-type Ag2Te nanocomposites after hot press, respectively. The electrical and thermal properties of the two kinds of samples have been measured. Theoretical modeling based on the near-equilibrium Boltzmann transport equations has been used to understand the experimental results. We found that ZT of the heavily doped n-type sample reaches 0.55 at 400 K, which is the highest ZT value reported for Ag2Te at the same temperature mainly due to the reduced thermal conductivity by the nanostructures. Theoretical analysis on the carrier transport shows that the power factor is also very well optimized in the doped Ag2Te sample considering...
Student perceptions of writing projects in a university differential-equations course

This qualitative study surveyed 102 differential-equations students in order to investigate how students participating in writing projects in university-level mathematics courses perceive the benefits of writing in the mathematics classroom. Based on previous literature on writing in mathematics, students were asked specifically about the benefits of writing projects as a means to explore practical uses of mathematics, deepen content knowledge, and strengthen communication. Student responses indicated an awareness of these benefits, supporting justifications commonly cited by instructors assigning writing projects. Open-ended survey responses highlighted additional themes which students associated with writing in mathematics, including using software programs and technology, working in groups, and stimulating interest in mathematics. This study provides student feedback to support the use of writing projects in mathematics, as well as student input, which can be utilized to strengthen the impact of writin...
ETS variant 1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-7 transcription in LNCaP prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer is characterized by the recurrent translocation of ETS transcription factors, including ETS variant 1 (ETV1) [also known as ETS-related 81 (ER81)]. Transgenic ETV1 mice develop prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, yet the mechanisms by which ETV1 exerts its deleterious function remain largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that ETV1 is capable of binding to the matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) gene promoter both in vitro and in vivo. ETV1 stimulated the activity of the MMP-7 promoter, which was suppressed upon mutation of two ETV1 binding sites located within 200 base pairs upstream of the MMP-7 transcription start site. ETV1 overexpression in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells induced endogenous MMP-7 gene transcription, whereas ETV1 downregulation had the opposite effect. While MMP-7 overexpression did not influence LNCaP cell proliferation, it increased cell migration, which may be important during later stages of tumorigenesis. Finally, MMP-7 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in human prostate tumors compared to normal tissue. Together, these results showed that MMP-7 is a bona fide ETV1 target gene, implicating that MMP-7 upregulation is partially responsible for the oncogenic effects of ETV1 in the prostate.
Nutritional management of PKU with glycomacropeptide from cheese whey

Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) must follow a lifelong low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet to prevent neurological impairment. Compliance with the low-Phe diet is often poor owing to restriction in natural foods and the requirement for consumption of a Phe-free amino acid formula or medical food. Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a natural protein produced during cheese-making, is uniquely suited to a low-Phe diet because when isolated from cheese whey it contains minimal Phe (2.5-5 mg Phe/g protein). This paper reviews progress in evaluating the safety, acceptability and efficacy of GMP in the nutritional management of PKU. A variety of foods and beverages can be made with GMP to improve the taste, variety and convenience of the PKU diet. Sensory studies in individuals with PKU demonstrate that GMP foods are acceptable alternatives to amino acid medical foods. Studies in the PKU mouse model demonstrate that GMP supplemented with limiting indispensable amino acids provides a nutritionally adequate source of protein and improves the metabolic phenotype by reducing concentrations of Phe in plasma and brain. A case report in an adult with classical PKU who followed the GMP diet for 10 weeks at home indicates safety, acceptability of GMP food products, a 13-14% reduction in blood Phe levels (p<0.05) and improved distribution of dietary protein throughout the day compared with the amino acid diet. In summary, food products made with GMP that is supplemented with limiting indispensable amino acids provide a palatable alternative source of protein that may improve dietary compliance and metabolic control of PKU.
ROW, ROW, ROW YOUR WINGS

![Figure][1] Birds do it, bees do it, but unfortunately we cannot. I'm alluding to the capacity for self-powered aerial flight, an activity that we humans can only appreciate from a foreign perspective. Nonetheless, because we have designed our own flying machines from scratch, we recognize
Transmissible and nontransmissible components of anthropometric variation in the Alexanderwohl Mennonites: II. Resolution by path analysis

A study of the intergenerational transmissibilities of 34 anthropometric measures from the Alexanderwohl Mennonite congregations of Kansas and Nebraska is presented. Results presented tend to confirm the suggestion made previously by us (Devor et al., 1985) that patterns of transmissibility conform to a concept of "functional multifactorial complexes" operating in the body in a way analogous to the "field" concept of dental morphology.
Sorcery and sovereignty: taxation, witchcraft, and political symbols in the 1880 Transkeian rebellion

The paper examines the causes of the 1880 Transkeian Rebellion and attempts to build upon previous explanations. In particular, the paper looks at the way in which taxation and witchcraft beliefs combined to make the colonial state appear especially malevolent. The information on hut tax registers represented a potential threat to the African population, a threat that was both material and supernatural. With that information, state officials could confiscate property, deny bridewealth claims, and do harm through the means of sorcery. This threat motivated many Africans to rally behind the precolonial authority and social harmony symbolised by the chiefs and to rebel in October 1880. Once colonial forces had squashed the rebellion, however, the collection of hut taxes became a state ritual that recreated and reinforced bonds between ruler and ruled. A high proportion of Africans paid their hut taxes in the years after the revolt: in the 1887–97 period in the three districts discussed, compliance rates aver...
Solar spectrograph design concept for occultation and solar flux measurements in the solar system

Future space missions, large or small, that address planetary atmospheres should have the capability to observe occultations of the Sun by the atmosphere and to monitor the solar EUV and FUV flux. To be a viable candidate, the solar spectrograph must not compete with the primary experiments for mass and power. We have designed a compact solar spectrograph that covers the spectral range from approximately 200 to 3200 A. It has no moving parts and records the entire spectrum within its range in a single exposure. The solar spectrograph is based on a classical Rowland grazing incidence design. Because of the intensity of the solar flux, small apertures offer adequate throughput. The spectrum is dispersed along the Rowland circle by three gratings and recorded in three side-by-side segments on a single detector, a CCD. The strong astigmatism in the grazing incidence design is canceled in the foreoptics. Control of stray light is a particular concern for a UV solar spectrograph, because of the extraordinarily large variation in the solar flux across the desired wavelength range. Techniques to minimize the effects of scattering include (1) suppressing it with appropriate coatings and optical components, (2) choosing a detector layout that permits measuring and subtracting the effects of scattered light from the spectrum, and (3) employing a photocathode that discriminates against long wavelengths. We estimate that a flight-ready unit would have a mass of about 1 kg and fit in a volume 20 x 9 x 7 cm.
Increased subcortical and laminar cortical 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake during cerebellar stimulation

Abstract 2-Deoxy[ 14 C]glucose (2DG) uptake was mapped in brains of conscious rats during cerebellar hemisphere electrical stimulation and compared with sham-operated controls. The 2DG uptake increased bilaterally in cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei, the largest increases being ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. Structures which increased 2DG uptake bilaterally but had larger contralateral increases included the red nucleus, inferior olive, zona incerta, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, deep mesencephalic nucleus, habenula, reticular tegmental nucleus of the pons, ventroanterolateral and ventromedial nuclei of thalamus, several other thalamic nuclei, and motor-somatosensory cortex. Most of these structures receive efferent fibers from cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellar stimulation produced two bands of 2DG uptake bilaterally in rat motor-somatosensory neocortical laminae IV and Vc-VIa. Shamoperated controls had one band of 2DG uptake in neocortical lamina IV. We postulate that cerebellar stimulation increased 2DG uptake polysynaptically in lamina Vc-VIa by the following pathway: Purkinje cells → deep cerebellar nuclei → ventrolateral and/or ventromedial nuclei of thalamus → lamina Vc-VIa of neocortex. Activation of these cortical laminae could affect cortical seizure foci.
Development of Graves Orbitopathy After Blepharoplasty: A Rare Complication

ESTHETIC blepharoplasty i s a c ommonly performed elective surgical procedure. Facial plastic surgeons are cognizant of the need to identify preexisting thyroid ophthalmopathies during the initial patient interview. We report a case of postoperative Graves orbitopathy (GO) after 4-quadrant blepharoplasty in a patient without a prior history of ophthalmic or thyroid disease. Complications associated with blepharoplasty are rare and usually limited to lid retraction and lagophthalmos. To our knowledge, activation of previously undiagnosed GO after blepharoplasty has not been previously reported in the literature. The prevalence of GO, although uncertain, has been estimated in studies in the United States at 0.4%. The mean age of presentation for Graves thyroid disease is 41 years and is between 4 and 7 times more common in women. More than 30% of patients diagnosed as having Graves disease will develop orbitopathy. We describe a patient who developed orbitopathy after 4-quadrant blepharoplasty.
Hazardous substances data bank (HSDB) as a source of environmental fate information on chemicals

The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a factual data bank on the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network) online system, provides information in areas such as chemical substance identification, chemical and physical properties, safety and handling, toxicology, pharmacology, environmental fate and transformation, regulations, and analytical methodology. This article discusses how environmental fate data is handled in HSDB.
Experimental characterization of anode heating by electron emission from a multi-walled carbon nanotube

The steady-state temperature distribution in a thin anode bombarded by an electron beam field emitted from an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube is measured with an infrared camera, and this distribution is compared to that predicted by a numerical model. By assuming the electron distribution in the beam follows a Gaussian distribution, a good fit to the anode temperature profile is obtained and this fit provides an estimate of the beam spreading radius. Results indicate the electron beam narrows as the emission current increases. A heat flux on the anode surface as high as 0.35 W/cm 2 has been measured, corresponding to an electron beam radius of
Does childhood sexual abuse cause borderline personality disorder

Several studies have found that women with borderline personality disorder are more likely than controls to report a history of childhood sexual abuse. Researchers have generally assumed that childhood sexual abuse causes borderline personality disorder, but there are other possible interpretations of the association. We surveyed psychologists about the likelihood that patients with various personality disorders would engage in behaviors relevant to several alternative interpretations. Relative to patients with other personality disorders and to the "typical outpatient," patients with borderline personality disorder were rated as especially likely to misinterpret or misremember social interactions, to lie manipulatively and convincingly, and to have voluntarily entered destructive sexual relationships, possibly even at young ages. We discuss the plausibility of relevant alternative interpretations of the association between childhood sexual abuse and borderline personality disorder.
Orientation dependence of mismatched InxAl1−xAs/In0.53Ga0.47As HFETs

Abstract A device perspective is applied to the issue of critical layer thickness and the impact of strain relaxation on electrical characteristics. We have fabricated In x Al 1−x As/n + −In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As HFETs with InAs mole fractions in the 300 A thick In x Al 1−x As insulator of x =0.52 (lattice-matching), 0.48, 0.40, and 0.30. The x =0.40 and 0.30 samples, with thicknesses greater than the critical limit, show unidirectional surface ridges that reveal misfit dislocations at the In x Al 1−x As/In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As hetero-interface. Dislocations are found to severely degrade the performance of devices when the current in the device flows perpendicular to them. Excellent HFETs were obtained with current flow parallel to the surface ridges for x =0.40, in spite of the unequivocal evidence of dislocations in the devices.
Initial evaluation of fertilin as an immunocontraceptive antigen and molecular cloning of the cynomolgus monkey fertilin β subunit

Fertilin (PH-30) is a sperm surface protein that functions in sperm adhesion and fusion with the egg plasma membrane. Because of its essential function in fertilization, fertilin is a potential target for novel contraceptive approaches. In a pilot fertility trial, immunization of male guinea pigs with purified guinea pig fertilin resulted in complete infertility. The contraceptive effect was partial (two out of six animals were infertile) when female guinea pigs were immunized with the antigen. These results suggest that fertilin or domains of fertilin may be effective as immunocontraceptive antigens. As a step toward achieving this goal, we communicate the cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of the monkey fertilin beta subunit.
White’s Residential Preferences: Reassessing the Relevance of Criminal and Economic Stereotypes

In the United States Black citizens are more residentially segregated from Whites than other racial and/or ethnic group. Prior studies have found that these patterns of segregation result in part f...
Mechanisms of intestinal calcium absorption

Calcium is absorbed in the mammalian small intestine by two general mechanisms: a transcellular active transport process, located largely in the duodenum and upper jejunum; and a paracellular, passive process that functions throughout the length of the intestine. The transcellular process involves three major steps: entry across the brush border, mediated by a molecular structure termed CaT1, intracellular diffusion, mediated largely by the cytosolic calcium-binding protein (calbindinD(9k) or CaBP); and extrusion, mediated largely by the CaATPase. Chyme travels down the intestinal lumen in approximately 3 h, spending only minutes in the duodenum, but over 2 h in the distal half of the small intestine. When calcium intake is low, transcellular calcium transport accounts for a substantial fraction of the absorbed calcium. When calcium intake is high, transcellular transport accounts for only a minor portion of the absorbed calcium, because of the short sojourn time and because CaT1 and CaBP, both rate-limiting, are downregulated when calcium intake is high. Biosynthesis of CaBP is fully and CaT1 function is approximately 90% vitamin D-dependent. At high calcium intakes CaT1 and CaBP are downregulated because 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), the active vitamin D metabolite, is downregulated.
The compounds and the phase diagram of MoO3-Rich Bi2O3MoO3 system

Abstract The equilibrium phase diagram between 0 and slightly above 50 mole% Bi2O3 in the Bi2O3MoO3 system has been studied by differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction measurements on fused mixtures and single crystals. The results confirm the existence of the four compounds α (Bi2O3·3MoO3), β (Bi2O3·2MoO3), γ (Bi2O3·MoO)3 and ϵ (∼1.3Bi2O3·MoO3) in the system. However, the phase diagram as well as the nature of melting of the α and γ were found disagreed with previous results. The γ compound melts incongruently at 947°C, whereas the α compound melts congruently at 662°C. The crystal class and lattice parameters of the compounds were determined based on the single crystal as well as powder pattern techniques. The results show that all four compounds have the monoclinic structure. The unit cell parameter of the β, γ, and ϵ compounds were found to be quite different from previously reported data. The lattice parameters obtained from X-ray analysis were also verified by density measurements of the single crystals. The polymorphism of the compounds was also investigated with single crystal samples. No polymorphic transformations for the α, β, and γ phases were detected in the work.
Proglumide: selective antagonism of excitatory effects of cholecystokinin in central nervous system

Extracellular single-unit recording techniques were used to test the ability of proglumide to block cholecystokinin-induced excitation of rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons and dopamine-sensitive prefrontal cortex cells. Intravenous and iontophoretic proglumide administration consistently blocked cholecystokinin-induced excitations while having no effect on glutamic acid-induced increases in activity. This selective blockade of central cholecystokinin effects by proglumide suggests that this drug may be valuable for studying the possible role of cholecystokinin as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system.
Habitat Separation by Differential Vertical Oviposition of Two Treehole Aedes in Indiana

Differential vertical oviposition of Aedes triseriatus (Say) and Aedes hendersoni Cockerell was studied in an isolated woodlot in Indiana. Oviposition traps were set on 3 widely separated trees at basal level, 10 and 20 feet. Results showed that 97.3% of all larvae from basal traps were A. triseriatus , while 38.3% were A. triseriatus from traps at 20 feet. A linear relationship between the height of the breeding place and the proportion of eggs that were A. triseriatus as opposed to A. hendersoni was indicated.
Frequency-modulated Nd:YAG laser

A frequency-modulated, single-mode Nd:YAG laser has been constructed that tunes up to 12 GHz. The laser incorporates a LiTaO3 electro-optic phase modulator with acoustic damping to provide a tuning sensitivity of 12 MHz/V and linear voltage-to-frequency conversion. A frequency excursion of 1.2 GHz has been generated with a rise time of 0.6 ns.
Seeking Shelter: Towards a Multi-Agent Based Simulation of a School Lockdown Scenario

The goal of a school lockdown is to isolate occupants from a threat by temporarily locking them inside the school building and away from harm. The research in this paper is motivated by the desire to encourage and contribute to the longer-term development of credible simulations of school lockdown scenarios. This paper focuses on the initial goal of the participants in a lockdown: to seek shelter within the facility, rather than evacuating. This study was conducted with a small group of volunteer participants in a school setting. The data collected through video observation and analysis provides insights into the modeling of occupant movements as they receive the lockdown notification, and seek appropriate shelter. This paper describes 10 significant patterns observed as students in a hallway seek shelter, including "Nearest Door Forward, " "Collaboration, " "Sheltering With Others, " and "Going With The Flow".
Effects of palladium and solder aging on mechanical and fatigue properties of tin-lead eutectic solder

The effects of (a) 0.5 wt.% of Pd addition, and (b) aging on mechanical and fatigue properties of eutectic solder (63Sn37Pb) were investigated. The creep rate of eutectic solder at room temperature is not affected by Pd addition. However, at 80°C, solder containing Pd creeps slower than Sn-Pb eutectic. Strain rate dramatically affects yield and tensile stress of eutectic solder with Pd as it does for the binary solder. Isothermal fatigue life of solder at 25°C is essentially not changed by Pd addition. The microstructure of Pd-containing solder consisted of polyhedral grains of (Pb), (Sn), and a dispersion of PdSn4 intermetallic. Significant microstructural changes and interphase interface phenomena take place during creep deformation at 25 and 80°C. Ambient aging for seven years leads to solder softening and to moderate increase in isothermal fatigue life.
A kinetic analysis of drugs that inhibit the adrenergic neuronal membrane amine pump

Abstract Kinetic analysis of uptake of levo -metaraminol by rabbit heart slices reveals that cocaine, desipramine, chlorpromazine, and bretylium competitively inhibit amine uptake by the adrenergic neuronal membrane amine pump. Ouabain also inhibits, but by a noncompetitive mechanism. It is concluded that the membrane amine pump is linked energetically to the cardiac glycoside sensitive Na + -K + -dependent ATPase.
A general method to determine the dynamic response of a plate to a moving mass

Abstract This paper presents a general technique to determine the dynamic response of a plate excited by an orbiting mass. The technique relies on a finite element discretization in which the mesh is consistent with the trajectory of the orbiting mass, combined with a Lagrange multiplier formulation. This allows one to represent the compatibility condition at the mass-plate interface using a set of auxiliary functions. This technique can be applied to plates of any shape, excited by masses describing any type of trajectory. An example is presented to illustrate the method.
Complete electronic structure of oriented films of hexatriacontane

Abstract We have employed angle-resolved direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy to study the electronic structure of oriented monolayers of hexatriacontane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 34 CH 3 on Cu(111). Using dipole selection rules we conclude that these polyethylene model compounds lie flat on the copper surface. The valence bands determined experimentally are compared to the known one-dimensional electronic band structure of the linear chain molecule. Two unoccupied molecular states are measured for the first time and comparison to recent calculations within the extended Huckel method identifies them as the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals.
The Influence of Group Identifications on Political Perception and Evaluation

Despite a recent resurgence of interest in the concept of group consciousness, relatively little attention has been devoted to the political impact of group identifications. Consequently, in this paper the effects of group identification on political perception and evaluation are investigated. Theoretically, a schematic approach is adopted in outlining the perceptual effects of group identifications. Empirically, data from the 1980 National Election Study are used to test some of the hypotheses derived from this schematic approach. The results from this analysis suggest that group identifications play an important role in defining the perceptual viewpoints that people bring to bear on politics; people identifying with different groups focus on different things and evaluate political issues from different perspectives.
Modeling Path Dependence in Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change

Path dependence of farmers’ technical choices for managing climate risk combined with farmers’ difficulties in discerning climate change from natural variability might hamper adaptation to climate ...
The use of factor analysis in the statistical analysis of multiple time series

Factor analysis has been proposed and used as a method of statistical analysis of several measurements made on one individual repeatedly over time. This paper discusses some difficulties in applying factor analysis to multiple time series and attempts to indicate to what extent such methods can accomplish the goals of time series analysis. Some other methods are suggested.
Electromagnetic characterization of high-speed VLSI interconnects with perforated reference planes

Summary form only given. Within the limits of the quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) approximation, the validity of a simple dispersive model for the electrical analysis of interconnections with perforated reference planes was examined. The advantage of this model is that simple 2-D transmission-line parameter extraction programs are mainly utilized and, combined with an appropriate electromagnetic analysis of the periodic interconnect geometry, lead to a computationally efficient prediction of the transmission line characteristics of the interconnections. The proposed model was extended to the electrical characterization of coupled interconnects, as well as interconnects located on either side of a perforated plane. Comparisons with experimental results and results obtained using rigorous full-wave techniques were used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model. >
Spatiotemporal Modeling and Monitoring of Atmospheric Hazardous Emissions Using Sensor Networks

A spatiotemporal methodology is presented for the analysis and visualization of atmospheric emissions in a metropolitan area. Numerical transport and dispersion models are used to build a library of time-dependent emissions of hazardous gases under various atmospheric conditions and from multiple potential sources in Washington DC. This library comprises representative emergency events that may involve natural or man-made hazardous emissions. To represent and analyze the events of this library we use the model of the spatiotemporal helix, which provides concise summaries of complex spatiotemporal events. We demonstrate the ability to compare emerging situations to library entries in order to predict their future evolution, thus recognizing potentially hazardous conditions early in their development.
Regulation of TCR-induced IFN-γ release from islet-reactive non-obese diabetic CD8+ T cells by prostaglandin E2 receptor signaling

Prostaglandins (PG) are released during tissue injury and inflammation, and inhibit immune responses at many points. PG may be one of several factors that protect not only against injury-induced, but also spontaneous, organ-specific autoimmune disease. Here we show that the production of PGE(2), normally produced at a very low rate in islets of Langerhans, is significantly increased in inflamed islets of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We investigated a possible role of PGE(2) in controlling TCR-dependent release of IFN-gamma from islet-reactive NOD CD8(+) T cells. PGE(2) inhibited anti-TCR antibody-triggered release of IFN-gamma from CD8(+) T cell clone 8D8 and from polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Using receptor subtype selective agonists, we present evidence that the effect of PGE(2) is mediated by EP(2) and EP(4) receptors, both of which are coupled to an increase in intracellular cAMP production. The cAMP analogs 8-Br-cAMP and Sp-cAMPS mimic the effect of EP(2)/EP(4) receptor agonists, inhibiting TCR-triggered IFN-gamma release from NOD CD8(+) T cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of PGE(2) was largely reversed by IL-2 added at the time of culture initiation and decreased with increasing strength of stimulation through the TCR. Resting CTL were more sensitive to PGE(2) than recently expanded CTL and NOD CD8(+) T cells remained insensitive to PGE(2) for a longer time than BALB/c cells. Our study suggests that PGE(2) may be part of a regulatory network that controls local activation of T cells and may play a role in the balance between the development of islet autoimmunity or maintenance of tolerance.
Cultural repertoires and food-related household technology within colonia households under conditions of material hardship

Introduction Mexican-origin women in the U.S. living in colonias (new-destination Mexican-immigrant communities) along the Texas-Mexico border suffer from a high incidence of food insecurity and diet-related chronic disease. Understanding environmental factors that influence food-related behaviors among this population will be important to improving the well-being of colonia households. This article focuses on cultural repertoires that enable food choice and the everyday uses of technology in food-related practice by Mexican-immigrant women in colonia households under conditions of material hardship. Findings are presented within a conceptual framework informed by concepts drawn from sociological accounts of technology, food choice, culture, and material hardship.
Relation of Capsular Polysaccharide Production and Colonial Cell Organization to Colony Morphology in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a ubiquitous, gram-negative marine bacterium that undergoes phase variation between opaque and translucent colony morphologies. The purpose of this study was to determine the factor(s) responsible for the opaque and translucent phenotypes and to examine cell organization within both colony types. Examination of thin sections of ruthenium red-stained bacterial cells by electron microscopy revealed a thick, electron-dense layer surrounding the opaque cells that was absent in preparations from translucent strains. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) material was extracted from both opaque and translucent strains, and the opaque strain was shown to produce abundant levels of polysaccharide, in contrast to the translucent strain. Compositional analysis of the EPS identified four major sugars: glucose, galactose, fucose, and N-acetylglucosamine. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to investigate cell organization within opaque and translucent colonies. Cells within both types of colonies exhibited striking organization; rod-shaped cells were aligned parallel to one another and perpendicular to the agar surface throughout the depth of the colony. Cells within translucent colonies appeared more tightly packed than cells in opaque colonies. In addition, a dramatic difference in the structural integrity of these two colony types was observed. When colonies were perturbed, the cell organization of the translucent colonies was completely disrupted while the organization of the opaque colonies was maintained. To our knowledge, this study represents the first description of how cells are organized in the interior of a viable bacterial colony. We propose that the copious amount of EPS produced by the opaque strain fills the intercellular space within the colony, resulting in increased structural integrity and the opaque phenotype.
Metabolic score as a novel approach to assessing preeclampsia risk.

Objective Clinical trials have confirmed the association of metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. Because recent evidence suggests that preeclampsia is a risk factor for future CVD, we sought to determine whether metabolic syndrome was associated with preeclampsia. Study Design As part of a large case-control study, women were prospectively identified with preeclampsia. Controls were patients presenting for delivery at term without preeclampsia. Two pregnancy-based metabolic scores (0, 1, or 2 or more) were created using initial or final pregnancy body mass index, chronic hypertension, and diabetes. Stratified analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of metabolic score with preeclampsia and disease severity. Results For initial metabolic score, 44.1%, 42.3%, and 13.5% of cases (n = 259) and 61.5%, 33.2%, and 5.3% of controls (n = 297) had scores of 0, 1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.91, P = .002), and 2 or more (OR 2.65, P = .001), respectively. Conclusion Metabolic score appears to be associated independently with developing preeclampsia, particularly severe disease.
Discourse Map and Empire Building in Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca's 1542 La Relación

Cabeza de Vaca´s 1542 narrative contains no map; however, in his effort to describe the American territory in the process of being conquered, the author ends up creating a “discourse map” in which the indigenous landscape is articulated in the ideological patterns of the Spanish Empire. In this study, I examine the ideological struggle between the indigenous and Spanish symbolic worlds through an analysis of four sites which Cabeza de Vaca identifies as follow: the place of boxed cadavers, Apalachen, Isla Malhado, and the buckle/horseshoe nail place.
Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides (Caliciaceae) New to Alaska and Most Northerly Report Worldwide

Abstract. Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides is reported new to the lichen flora of Alaska and represents the most northerly sighting worldwide. Locations were clustered on north and south alpine ridges above Greens Creek on north Admiralty Island, southeastern Alaska.
Clinical Aspects of Diagnosis of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infection in an Acute Care Setting

We found a 10.4% prevalence of unrecognized genital gonorrhea and Chlamydia infection among young adults of an urban emergency department. Intensified detection and treatment policies are needed to prevent continued transmission and complications of sexually transmitted infections.
An Apparatus for Thermal Performance Measurements of Insulated Roof Systems

The US Department of Energy conducted thermal performance measurements on low-slope roofs with a recently developed field test apparatus at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The apparatus accommodates four 4 ft x 8 ft test specimens and includes the measurement capabilities for specimen temperatures, temperature gradients, heat flows and moisture content. A weather station characterizes outdoor weather conditions. Tests underway include (1) validation of a roof surface temperature model developed to study the effects of wet insulation; (2) measurement of temperature distributions and heat transfer in high R-value roofs; and (3) validation of an analysis of the effectiveness of high reflectance surfaces. Preliminary experimental results are presented and correlations between experiment and modeling are discussed.
Competitive safety analysis

Much work in AI deals with the selection of proper actions in a given (known or unknown) environment. However, the way to select a proper action when facing other agents is quite unclear. Most work in AI adopts classical game-theoretic equilibrium analysis to predict agent behavior in such settings. Needless to say, this approach does not provide us with any guarantee for the agent. In this paper we introduce competitive safety analysis. This approach bridges the gap between the desired normative AI approach, where a strategy should be selected in order to guarantee a desired payoff, and equilibrium analysis. We show that a safety level strategy is able to guarantee the value obtained in a Nash equilibrium, in several classical computer science settings. Then, we discuss the concept of competitive safety strategies, and illustrate its use in a decentralized load balancing setting, typical to network problems. In particular, we show that when we have many agents, it is possible to guarantee an expected payoff which is a factor of 8/9 of the payoff obtained in a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we discuss the extension of the above concepts to Bayesian games, and illustrate their use in a basic auctions setup.
Attenuation coefficient and propagation speed estimates of rat and pig intercostal tissue as a function of temperature

Attenuation coefficient and propagation speed of intercostal tissues were estimated as functions of temperature (22, 30, and 37/spl deg/C) from fresh chest walls from eight 10- to 11-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, eight 21to 24-week-old female Long-Evans (LE) rats, and ten 6- to 10-week-old mixed sex Yorkshire (York) pigs. The primary purpose of the study was to estimate the temperature dependence of the intercostal tissue's attenuation coefficient so that accurate estimates of the in situ (at the pleural surface) acoustic pressure levels could be made for our ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage studies. The attenuation coefficient of intercostal tissue for both species was independent of the temperature at the discrete frequencies of 3.1 MHz (-0.0076, 0.0065, and 0.016 dB/cm//spl deg/C for SD rats, LE rats, and York pigs, respectively) and 6.2 MHz (-0.015, 0.014, and 0.014 dB/cm//spl deg/C for SD rats, LE rats, and York pigs, respectively). However, the temperature-dependent regressions yielded a significant temperature dependency of the intercostal tissue attenuation coefficients in SD and LE rats (over the 3.1 to 9.6 MHz frequency range); there was no temperature dependency in York pigs (over the 3.1 to 8.6 MHz frequency range). There was no significant temperature dependency of the intercostal tissue propagation speed in SD rats; there was a temperature dependency in LE rats and York pigs (-0.59, -1.6, and -2.9 m/s//spl deg/C for SD rats, LE rats, and York pigs, respectively). Even though the attenuation coefficient's temperature dependency was significant from the linear regression functions, the differences were not very great (-0.040 to -0.13, 0.011 to 0.18, and 0.055 to 0.10 dB/cm//spl deg/C for SD rats, LE rats, and York pigs, respectively, over the data frequency range). These findings suggest that it is not necessary to determine the attenuation coefficient of intercostal tissue at body temperature (37/spl deg/C), but rather it is sufficient to determine the attenuation coefficient at room temperature (22/spl deg/C), a much easier experimental procedure.
Silica-based nanoporous sol-gel glasses: from bioencapsulation to protein folding studies

Organic-inorganic nanoporous silica sol-gel glasses constitute the ideal support for protein bio-encapsulation and to study the different factors influencing the protein folding process in a crowded environment. Due to the facile silica surface modifications with desired Si-substituted organic groups from organosilanes precursors, organically modified 'wet-aged' silica-based glasses obtained via the sol-gel process, can be used as host materials to mimic the crowded environment of the proteins and cells that can be found in the cytoplasm for instance. Numerous studies to date showed that silica-based nanoporous glasses can stabilise bioactive proteins. However, it is important to know about the different factors affecting the protein stability and therefore its properly-folded state. In this review, we report the recent results on the influence of different parameters (such as surface hydration, hydrophobicity, solute effects, thermal stability, porosity, macromolecular crowding) on the protein conformation based on the design and the characterisation of nanoporous silica-based materials containing different functional groups (e.g., hydrophobic alkyl, phosphate and fluorinated groups). The enhancement of the protein folding owing to the physical properties and microstructure of the host matrix induced by the nature of the functional groups and the siloxane network play a major role on the protein biological activity and therefore to the development efficient bionanodevices such as biocatalysts, sensors, drug delivery systems or implanted devices. It is also the opportunity to understand the different factors influencing the protein misfolding that are the cause of devastating diseases such as Alzheimer or Huntington.
Occupations as a Site of Political Preference Formation

Political preferences are multi-dimensional, covering topics like redistribution, immigration, and abortion. But what accounts for people’s political preferences? We argue that an individual’s work...
Formal verification using bounded model checking: SAT versus sequential ATPG engines

Industry is beginning to use Satisfiability (SAT) solvers extensively for formally verifying the correctness of digital designs. In this paper we compare the performance of SAT solvers with sequential Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) techniques for property verification. Our experimental results on the ISCAS benchmarks as well as a model of the 8085 microprocessor show that, contrary to popular belief, ATPG techniques perform much better than SAT based verification techniques, especially for large designs.