cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Micropulse Laser Trabeculoplasty Compared to Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty at One Year in Open-Angle Glaucoma

Author(s): Sun, Catherine Q; Chen, Tiffany A; Deiner, Michael S; Ou, Yvonne | Abstract: BackgroundThere is limited long-term data comparing selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to the newer micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) using a laser emitting at 532 nm. In this study, we determine the effectiveness and safety of MLT compared to SLT.DesignRetrospective comparative cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 85 consecutive eyes received SLT and 43 consecutive eyes received MLT.MethodsPatients with open-angle glaucoma receiving their first treatment of laser trabeculoplasty were included. Exclusion criteria are prior laser trabeculoplasty, laser cyclophotocoagulation or glaucoma surgery, and follow-up of less than 1 year.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was success at 1 year, defined as a reduction in intraocular eye pressure (IOP) by ≥20% from baseline or met prespecified target IOP with no additional glaucoma medication or subsequent glaucoma intervention.ResultsBaseline IOP was 18.0 mmHg (95% CI=16.4-19.5) in the MLT group on an average of 1.8 (95% CI=1.4-2.2) glaucoma medications compared to 18.2 mmHg (95% CI=17.2-19.3) for the SLT group on an average of 2.0 (95% CI=1.6-2.3) medications. At 1-hour post-laser, the SLT group had more transient IOP spikes (MLT 5% vs SLT 16%, P=0.10). There was a trend toward increased success in the SLT group compared to MLT at 1 year (relative risk=1.4, 95% CI=0.8-2.5, P=0.30).Conclusion and relevanceEyes had similar success after MLT compared to SLT at 1 year. Laser trabeculoplasty with either method could be offered as treatment with consideration of MLT in those eyes where IOP spikes should be avoided.
A Pragmatic Approach to Decision Making in the Next Era of Oil and Gas Jurisprudence

A pragmatic approach to oil and gas law is the most effective way for the judiciary to address arising issues in that area of law. As in the Great Era of the Oil and Gas Industry, new and recurring questions will continue to confront courts in this next era of oil and gas jurisprudence. Because policies have shifted and technology has evolved, it is imperative to reassess the approaches used by courts in answering these questions. In order to respond effectively to questions posed by shifting policies and new technologies in the next era of oil and gas jurisprudence, courts should adopt the pragmatic approach exemplified in opinions such as Ohio Oil Co. v. Indiana and Railroad Commission v. Manziel. These opinions echo the views of many Great Era commentators by recognizing the need for a special jurisprudence designed to respond to the unique realities of oil and gas production. The Great Era of the Oil and Gas Industry has ended. As politics continue to stymie legislative resolutions to controversies caused by shifting policies and new technologies, the burden will continue to fall upon the courts. To avoid the counterproductive effects of approaches to decision making that fail to address the role of prevailing policy, judges should adopt a pragmatic process. This process must first identify goals and policy conflicts. Second, it must assess the effects of available courses of action. Finally, it must adopt standards or rules to clarify the relative rights of property owners and developers. Indeed, clarifying rights and liabilities through legislation and judicial decisions should be the ultimate goal for the next era of oil and gas jurisprudence.
Losing Embryos, Finding Justice: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Personhood

On 3 March 2018, a liquid nitrogen storage tank broke down at University Hospitals Fertility Center in Cleveland, Ohio. More than 950 patients lost over 4000 eggs and embryos (also called “preembryos”) that were frozen and stored for later use. The hospital's letter to patients pointed to human error. The Ohio Department of Health found the fertility center out of compliance, and inquests are still pending.
The faculty hiring network for PhD-granting communication programs

What is the structure of the faculty hiring network in the communication discipline? Using the Doctoral Program Guide of the National Communication Association, we compiled a list of 87 communication doctoral programs from 77 institutions, and obtained information on 1323 faculty members, including current university employment and where they earned their PhD. These data allowed the construction of a communication PhD hiring network, in which degree-granting universities were linked to current places of employment. Social network analyses addressed structural questions about faculty hiring in communication. Key findings include that hiring in communication is characterized by an open arrangement, without a clear clique-based structure, that self-hires are related to faculty size and university centrality, and that over time the hiring structure evolved from one with a number of feeder universities to one where hiring is more decentralized.
Missed Opportunity: How Induction Policy Fails to Explicitly Address English Learner-Classified Students:

English Learner-classified (ELC) students are one of the nation’s most marginalized student populations. One promising but understudied strategy to strengthen teaching of ELC students is teacher in...
Capnocytophaga canimorsus blebitis: case report and review of literature.

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a facultative anaerobic, slow-growing, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacillus, that is commonly found in the microflora of canine and feline oral cavities. Capnocytophaga infections are an emerging zoonotic disease that can cause fatal systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Localized ocular Capnocytophaga infections, including keratitis, blepharitis, and endophthalmitis, can lead to severe eye threatening situations. To our knowledge, there is currently no documented case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus blebitis with bleb perforation after trabeculectomy. Our case report and literature review features a novel case of Capnocytophaga blebitis that occurred after trabeculectomy, associated with close dog contact (i.e. face licking). The patient had underwent trabeculectomy 10 years prior and presented with conjunctival injection, perforated bleb, and hypotony. Overall, patient was medically treated subconjunctival vancomycin, gentamicin and moxifloxacin drops. Trabeculectomy revision was performed with good visual outcome. Bacterial cultures grew Capnocytophaga canimorsus. We discuss the strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and common risk factors for ocular Capnocytophaga infections. At-risk patients with ocular infections should be asked about close contact with dogs and cats; and treated promptly with the proper antibiotic regimen.
Effektivere Lerngruppen durch Steigerung der Selbststeuerung

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Konzeption, Umsetzung und Evaluation eines Begleitangebots fur Studierende des berufsbegleitenden Studiengangs „Soziale Arbeit mit dem Schwerpunkt Jugendarbeit“ an der Hochschule Kempten. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Tutor*innen-System zur Steigerung der Effektivitat fur das Arbeiten in sich selbst organisierenden Lerngruppen. Durch eine Begleitung dieser Lerngruppen von einer Tutorin oder einem Tutor kann die Selbststeuerungsfahigkeit der Lerngruppe optimiert werden, wie in der Evaluation gezeigt werden konnte. Das Tutoring steigerte das Studieninteresse der Teilnehmenden, verbesserte das Gruppenklima und die aktive Teilnahme am Gruppengeschehen und ermoglichte dadurch Selbstwirksamkeitserfahrungen.
Characterization and Hazard Identification of Respirable Cement and Concrete Dust from Construction Activities.

Construction is an important segment of the economy that employs millions of people. Construction dust is an occupational health hazard to millions of construction workers worldwide. The hazards associated with respirable dust depend upon its particulate size distribution and chemical composition, as these determine the deposition pattern in the respiratory tract and reactivity, respectively. This study presents characterization of the size and composition of the dust from two key construction materials—cast cement and poured concrete. The dust was generated by cutting the cured cement and concrete blocks using an 18” hand-held circular saw as used in highway and building construction. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and laser diffraction were performed for the size analysis of the particles. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for chemical analysis. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification. Electron diffraction patterns were obtained to assess the crystallinity of individual particles. They confirm the crystallinity of particles of different size and shapes. With a particle size range between 0.5 μm and 10 μm, greater than 90% of particles fell below 2.5 μm, presenting a respirable health concern. Crystalline compounds including the metals Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and K were detected. The concrete particles were most enriched in crystalline silica with a concentration of more than 30% by weight. The presence of metals and high crystalline silica content pose a serious health concern to construction workers.
Interconfigurational Fluctuations in the Dilute Magnetic Alloy and Thermopower Measurements

A new theoretical treatment of the dilute alloy problem which begins by treating the impurity correlation problem exactly is briefly discussed. The central result of the theory is the inter-configurational excitation energies of the impurity acquiring a temperature dependent shift through their coupling to the conduction electron gas. This shift induces a characteristic behavior in the low temperature S/T values which is confirmed for AuFe and CuFe systems. The need for new low temperature thermopower measurements for families of alloys to test this new theory is emphasized.
Initial research of the effect of fame containing petroleum fuel blends storage on lubricity

This paper describes the effect of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content in aviation fuels and diesel fuels on lubricity of such fuel blends. Standard petroleum fuels being currently in use contain various components, including the very important ones such as FAME and biohydrocarbons. The latter ones have been used also in aviation turbine fuels. Such use is, among others, associated with limiting of harmful combustion products emission. Lubricity, as one of important parameters related to fuel, directly effects on drive units use. Insufficient fuel lubricity effects probably on extended wear or injection system failure resulting in deterioration of combustion process, emission increase, and engine itself failure. Lubricity study included in this paper was carried out basing on standard test methods with HFRR and BOCLE. The paper describes the nature of lubricity change in relation to prepared fuel blends depending on FAME volume content, as well as the initial storage effect on test results.
Galois Groups of Quadratics, Cubics, and Quartics

In this final section, we show how to compute Galois groups of polynomials of low degree over ℚ. Recall that the Galois group of a polynomial of degree n is a subgroup of S n (regarded as the group of all permutations of the roots). Of course, just as there are some permutations of the vertices of a polygon that do not arise from symmetries, so, too, some permutations of the roots of a polynomial may have nothing to do with field automorphisms.
Major issues relating to end‐of‐life care: Ethical, legal and medical from a historical perspective

Purpose – Ethical, legal and medical progress has been made in end‐of‐life care, addressing crucial issues in the application of principles to clinical cases. However, despite the progress, there are still unresolved issues concerning the scope and effectiveness of personal decision making and the proper use of last resort measures in terminal care. An analysis of the progress discloses both the advances and the problems still confronting patients and their families. From this perspective, one gains a better understanding of the reality of terminal care and areas that call for reform.Design/methodology/approach – A historical analysis reveals the interrelation between moral and legal reasoning and their differences. It also discloses developments in the moral and legal realms that recognize rights of the patient with regard to treatment decisions. A critique of ethical and legal reasoning and medical practice pin‐points the salient problems.Findings – There are still problems in the application of legal a...
Can Coherence Generate Warrant Ex Nihilo? Probability and the Logic of Concurring Witnesses

Most foundationalists allow that relations of coherence among antecedently justified beliefs can enhance their overall level of justification or warrant. In light of this, some coherentists ask the following question: if coherence can elevate the epistemic status of a set of beliefs, what prevents it from generating warrant entirely on its own? Why do we need the foundationalist’s basic beliefs? I address that question here, drawing lessons from an instructive series of attempts to reconstruct within the probability calculus the classical problem of independent witnesses who corroborate each other’s testimony. Starred section headings indicate sections omitted here, but available on the author’s USC website.
Separating SCR and trigger circuit related overshoot in SCR-based ESD protection circuits

Circuit simulation is proposed as an aid for design optimization of SCR-based ESD protection circuits. The compact models used in this work are validated by measurements. During simulation, the waveforms at the internal circuit nodes are probed; these indicate that the SCR causes most of the voltage overshoot and presents the greatest opportunity for overshoot reduction.
Communication channel assessment: detection of ultra wideband signals using a channelized receiver

Non-matched filter communication channel assessment is perhaps the most challenging approach that can be taken. The task is even more challenging when considering the coexistence of narrowband and ultra wideband (UWB) signals. This work examines channelized receiver techniques as one alternative for detecting UWB signals. Detection results obtained with temporal-temporal and spectral-spectral data are compared with best case, matched filter performance and radiometric detection. Given UWB signals are somewhat "featureless" in the spectral domain, detection results based on temporal-temporal processing proved most promising, with some cases providing 2.5 dB improvement relative to radiometric detection.
Quantified ultrasound elastography in the assessment of cutaneous carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of high-frequency ultrasound and ultrasound elastography (USE) in discriminating benign from malignant skin lesions in a prospective cohort study and to introduce the use of a “strain ratio” for evaluation of skin lesions.Methods:A commercial ultrasound system with a 14-MHz transducer was used to visualize skin lesions requiring biopsy on clinical evaluation. Anatomic ultrasound and USE imaging of the skin lesions was performed using 2- to 4-mm gel stand-off pads. A region of interest was manually selected over the area of each lesion with the lowest strain. The concept of a strain ratio of the compressibility of the normal skin at the corresponding layer to that of the least compressible region of a lesion in question was created and applied. This ratio was subsequently correlated with blind histopathological evaluation for malignancy.Results:55 patients were included in the study with a total of 67 lesions evaluated. 29 lesions were malignant and 38 benign. All mali...
Factors associated with emotional distress in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients

Objective Early identification and intervention have been recommended for newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients who experience significant emotional distress; however, there is little empirical basis for designing or selecting interventions for these men. We sought to identify factors that are associated with distress in these men as a basis for identifying suitable intervention strategies. Methods Using cross-sectional data and validated scales, we investigated the extent to which clinical, demographic, belief, and personality characteristics are associated with emotional distress assessed with the Distress Thermometer in 1425 men newly diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer (pretreatment). Results Beliefs potentially amenable to psychoeducational interventions [low self-efficacy for decision-making (B =−0.11, p = 0.02), low confidence in cancer control (B =−0.03, p < 0.001), and masculine identity threat (B =−0.26, p = 0.001)] were associated with higher emotional distress, as well as personality factors [low optimism (B =−0.04, p = 0.052) and low resilience (B =−0.83, p < 0.001)]. Conclusions Findings provide a framework for the development of interventions for prostate cancer patients with elevated emotional distress. These may include improving provider communication about prostate cancer prognosis for those with low confidence in cancer control, providing decision-making support to increase decision-making self-efficacy, or referral to brief cognitive behavioral interventions to help patients reframe masculine identity threat or for those with low optimism or resilience reframe and adjust to the health threat. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The integration of inspection into the CIM environment

The authors describe a CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) system that combines inspection specification and planning with the design process. A part is described in terms of generic features: form features (e.g. pockets or ribs) and inspection and tolerance features (e.g. callouts). Rules for inspection are incorporated as part of the generic features. Part definitions and data structures necessary to describe the design are discussed. An overall design consists of a set of feature instances and their relations. Individual features can be automatically checked as they are specified by the designer for overt errors (e.g. incomplete information such as an undefined datum). The overall design is then evaluated for correctness of geometry and inspection specifications. In particular, the designer's tolerance specifications are checked for completeness and internal consistency. Once a design is complete, a module generates process and inspection plans by concatenating the processing and inspection rules associated with individual features and optimizing the result with respect to the overall cost of inspection. An implementation is described. >
Role of cyclic AMP in corticotropin releasing factor mediated ACTH release

To elucidate the role of cAMP in the secretion of ACTH, the effect of (1) three phosphodiesterase inhibitors, (2) forskolin, and (3) 8Bromo-cAMP, on CRF mediated ACTH release was studied in rat pituitary cell culture. The action of glucocorticoids on CRF induced cAMP accumulation and ACTH release was investigated. Isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX), caffeine, and forskolin augmented the release of ACTH induced from CRF 1.0 nM by 17%, 39%, and 20%, respectively. Also IBMX and caffeine potentiated CRF 10 nM stimulated ACTH release by 32% and 20%. Doses of forskolin and 8Bromo-cAMP, which alone stimulate large amounts of ACTH release, did not increase the amount of ACTH released from CRF 100 nM stimulated cells. Cortisol (500 nM) and corticosterone (500 nM) inhibited CRF induced intracellular cAMP by 39% and 26% while inhibiting pituitary ACTH release by 40% and 52%. In conclusion, cAMP plays an important role in the mechanism of ACTH secretion and it appears the final intracellular mechanism of CRF stimulated ACTH is via cAMP. Also, glucocorticoids exert their inhibitory influence prior to cAMP generation.
Évaluation du risque d'impaludation chez le voyageur américain. Avantages et désavantages de la chimioprophylaxie

Resume Aucun medicament utilisable pour la prophylaxie du paludisme n'est a la fois completement efficace contre toutes les especes plasmodiales et totalement depourvu de toxicite. La resistance de P. falciparum a la chloroquine augmente geographiquement et en intensite. Les recommandations concernant la prophylaxie du paludisme doivent prendre en consideration le risque d'exposition au paludisme, l'efficacite et la toxicite du medicament, et l'utilisation d'autres mesures individuelles de protection. La chloroquine est le medicament de choix pour les voyageurs se rendant en region de paludisme a P. falciparum sensible a la chloroquine ou de paludisme du a d'autres especes plasmodiales. La prophylaxie des voyageurs se rendant en region de chloroquino-resistance devrait generalement comprendre la chloroquine ainsi qu'une dose de Fansidar a utiliser comme traitement presomptif d'un acces febrile. D'autres regimes prophylactiques peuvent etre recommandes dans des cas particuliers. La protection contre les piqures d'anopheles par des mesures individuelles peut reduire considerablement le risque d'acces palustre.
Beclin 1 bridges autophagy, apoptosis and differentiation

Beclin 1 is a critical component in the class III PI3 kinase complex (PI3KC3) that induces the formation of autophagosomes in mammalian systems. Autophagic triggers upregulate Beclin 1, which in turn binds to PI3KC3 or Bcl-XL to form complexes of Beclin 1-PI3KC3 or Beclin 1-Bcl-XL that are physically and functionally independent from each other. Contrary to the previous observations that Beclin 1 binding to Bcl-2 family members is apoptotic and antiautophagic, we found that autophagic trigger-induced Beclin 1-binding to Bcl-XL is antiapoptotic and has no effect on autophagy, suggesting a convertible role of the Beclin 1-Bcl-XL complex in response to autophagy stimuli. Both autophagy and differentiation cascades require upregulation of Beclin 1. While the basal Beclin 1 level does not cause autophagy or differentiation, depletion of Beclin 1 cripples both autophagy and differentiation capabilities, but activates apoptosis. These results demonstrate that Beclin 1 is essential for autophagy, differentiation ...
Laparoscopic management and longterm outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background Surgery remains the standard for nonmetastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Laparoscopic surgery should be considered for these tumors, because their biologic behavior lends them to curative resection without requiring large margins or extensive lymph-adenectomies. Study Design A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent laparoscopic treatment of GISTs at Mount Sinai Medical Center from 2000 to 2007. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Chi-square analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor outcomes. Results Laparoscopic surgery was attempted in 76 patients. The average age was 66 years, and 39 were men. Forty-two percent of patients presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. Tumors were located in the stomach (72%) and in the small bowel (28%). Mean tumor sizes were 4.2 and 3.9 cm, respectively. Operations included laparoscopic wedge resection (26%), partial gastrectomy (25%), sleeve (9%) gastrectomy, and small bowel resection (22%). Reasons for conversions (14%) were invasion of tumor into adjacent organs, adhesions, proximity to the gastroesophageal junction, large tumor size, or coincidental pathology. There was 1 mortality and a 10% morbidity rate, including an evisceration, obstruction, and pelvic hematoma requiring reoperation. Mean followup was 41 months (range, 3 to 102 months). The overall survival rate was 89%. Gastric and small bowel survival rates were the same (89%). The recurrence rate was 6%. The overall disease-free survival was 78% (77% gastric versus 82% small bowel). Three percent of patients died of metastatic disease. Adjuvant therapy was used on patients initially diagnosed with metastatic disease (n=5) and recurrent disease (n=4). Conclusions Laparoscopic resection of GISTs is considered safe and effective. The longterm disease-free survival of 78% establishes this minimally invasive approach as comparable to open techniques.
Writing activities of public relations practitioners: The relationship between experience and writing tasks

Abstract This study provided descriptive information on the types of writing tasks conducted by public relations practitioners. The public relations literature differentiates the roles of public relations technicians and managers according to tasks. Generally, technicians spend more time on writing tasks, whereas public relations managers spend more time on strategic planning. This study surveyed 200 public relations practitioners in New England and investigated whether the type of writing and over-all time spent writing vary with years of experience. Two important findings emerge from this study. First, the nature and quantity of writing tasks do not vary substantially with years of experience. However, the percentage of the day spent writing does decline with experience. This finding indicates that higher levels of writing efficiency come with writing experience. The second finding shows that female practitioners spend a higher percentage of their workday on writing tasks than do their male counterparts. Philip Napoli is an Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Business at Fordham Unviersity. Maureen Taylor is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ. Gerald Powers is a Professor at Boston University’s College of Communication.
Choices in kidney transplantation in type 1 diabetes: are there skeletal benefits of the endocrine pancreas?

Previously, recipients of a simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplant versus a kidney transplant alone were thought to have higher fracture risk. Using a large US registry, Nikkel et al. observed lower rates of fracture hospitalization among patients with type 1 diabetes after simultaneous pancreas–kidney compared with kidney transplantation alone, particularly among men. It is not known whether the apparent benefit of simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation is due to improved bone strength or fewer falls, but these findings may influence transplant decision making.
Weight loss from maximum body weight and mortality: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality File

The aim of this longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between weight loss from maximum body weight, body mass index (BMI), and mortality in a nationally representative sample of men and women. Longitudinal cohort study. In all, 6117 whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans 50 years and over at baseline who survived at least 3 years of follow-up, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality Files (1988–1994 with passive mortality follow-up through 2000), were included. Measured body weight and self-reported maximum body weight obtained at baseline. Weight loss (maximum body weight minus baseline weight) was categorized as <5%, 5–<15%, and ⩾15%. Maximum BMI (reported maximum weight (kg)/measured baseline height (m)2) was categorized as healthy weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9), and obese (⩾30.0). In all, 1602 deaths were identified. After adjusting for age, race, smoking, health status, and preexisting illness, overweight men with weight loss of 15% or more, overweight women with weight loss of 5–<15%, and women in all BMI categories with weight loss of 15% or more were at increased risk of death from all causes compared with those in the same BMI category who lost <5%; hazard ratios ranged from 1.46 to 2.70. Weight loss of 5–<15% reduced risk of death from cardiovascular diseases among obese men. Weight loss of 15% or more from maximum body weight is associated with increased risk of death from all causes among overweight men and among women regardless of maximum BMI.
Measuring Electronic Monitoring Tools: The Influence of Vendor Type and Vendor Data

The rise in the use of electronic monitoring tools for management of individuals in both pretrial and post-release correctional stages of the criminal justice system necessitates increased collaboration of criminal justice personnel with private sector companies that provide monitoring services. Given this shift, it is necessary to explore whether agency employees perceive that different vendors are providing levels or quality of services. This study indicates that parole officers perceive very few real differences in the monitoring services, equipment used, and ease of installation and deactivation of such equipment across two different vendors. The primary difference identified was in the costs of such services.
Atmospheric transport of speciated mercury across southern Lake Michigan: Influence from emission sources in the Chicago/Gary urban area

Abstract Quantifying the local and regional impacts of speciated mercury (Hg) emissions from major urban and industrial areas is critical for understanding Hg transport and cycling in the environment. The Chicago/Gary urban area is one location where Hg emissions from industrial sources are significant and the regional transport of emissions may contribute to elevated ambient Hg concentrations at downwind locations. From July to November 2007, we collected semi-continuous measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (Hg 0 ), fine particulate bound Hg (Hg p ), and divalent reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) in Chicago, IL and Holland, MI to characterize the impact of Chicago/Gary source emissions on Hg concentrations in southwest Michigan and to improve our overall understanding of speciated Hg transport and deposition. The mean (and median) concentrations of Hg 0 , Hg p , and RGM in Chicago were 2.5 ng/m 3 (1.9 ng/m 3 ), 9 pg/m 3 (5 pg/m 3 ), and 17 pg/m 3 (6 pg/m 3 ), respectively. In Holland the mean (and median) concentrations were 1.3 ng/m 3 (1.3 ng/m 3 ), 6 pg/m 3 (6 pg/m 3 ), and 8 pg/m 3 (2 pg/m 3 ), respectively. Cluster analysis of 24-hour HYSPLIT back-trajectories associated with the semi-continuous Hg measurements indicated that southwest transport from Chicago/Gary to Holland occurred during approximately 27% of the study. In Holland, under this transport regime, we observed a five-fold increase in RGM relative to the median concentration of the other transport clusters. We applied the HYSPLIT dispersion model to two case study periods to further quantify the impact of Chicago/Gary sources on southeast Michigan and investigate the role of direct transport and dispersion of speciated Hg emissions. Results suggested that more than 50% of the maximum RGM concentrations observed in Holland during the selected periods could be attributed to direct transport of primary RGM emissions from Chicago/Gary. The remaining RGM fractions are believed to be associated with Hg 0 oxidation during transport over Lake Michigan.
Depression in preschool children.

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 42 - N° 3 - p. 263-264
The challenges of leadership in the new era of health care.

The first new era of health care for radiology began in 1895, at which time physicians were marveling at the recent discovery of the tubercle bacillus, the ability to vaccinate against anthrax, and the treatment of diphtheria with antitoxin. The tetanus bacillus and malaria parasite had recently been isolated, and the thermometer, laryngoscope, and ophthalmoscope had come into widespread use. In December of that year, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen forever changed the practice of medicine with his discovery of the x-ray, and the next new era of health care was born [1,2]. Between 1896 and 1930, x-ray equipment was initially inexpensive, and there were more than 200 diagnostic x-ray installations in the United States and Europe by 1900. Shielding was poorly understood, resulting in severe injury to radiologic personnel. However, refined equipment was rapidly developed, leading George C. Johnston, ARRS president in 1909, to remark, “The apparatus of today is obsolete tomorrow. There is a constant race between our pocketbooks and the inventive genius of the up to date manufacturer.” It was during this time that the ARRS, Radiological Society of North America, American Radium Society, and ACR were created [1,2]. Between 1930 and 1970, another new era of health care was marked by the proliferation of radiology residency programs, increasing respect for radiologists as “the doctor’s doctor,” and the development of the hospital radiology department as the central hub for direct physician consultation. This era was also enhanced by the emergence of specialization in radiation oncology, nuclear radiology, and
Synthesis and monoamine transporter affinity of 3α-arylmethoxy-3β-arylnortropanes

Abstract A series of 3-arylnortrop-2-enes and 3α-arylmethoxy-3β-arylnortropanes were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity at monoamine transporters. The 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)nortrop-2-ene (6e) exhibited high affinity for the SERT (Ki = 0.3 nM). The 3α-arylmethoxy-3β-arylnortropanes were generally SERT selective with the 3α-(3.4-dichlorophenylmethoxy)-3βphenylnortrop-2-ene (7c) possessing subnanomolar potency (Ki = 0.061 nM). However, 3α-(3,4-dichlorophenylmethoxy)-3β-phenylnortrop-2-ene (7b) exhibited high affinity at all three transporters [(DAT Ki = 22 nM), (SERT Ki = 6 nM) and (NET Ki = 101 nM)].
Quo Vadis, Performance History?

Frankly, I'm not much of a historian. That is, the past interests me mostly as grist for my theoretical mill. I am not nostalgic. I don't often trek through ruins—whether of stone, paintings, videotape, paper, library stacks, or my own many notebooks. Of course, I've done the right thing when it comes to this kind of activity. I have climbed the pyramids at Teotihuacan and in Mayan country, sat on stone benches of the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens and in Epidaurus (where I was tormented by some really awful productions of ancient Greek dramas), and visited the theatre museums of four continents. On the art-history front, I've gazed at more paintings and sculptings than I can readily organize in memory. But my strongest meetings with “history” have been at the cusp of the past and present—living events always already changing as they are (re)performed. This has been the core of my “anthropology-meets-theatre” work whether among the Yaquis of Arizona, at the Ramlila of Ramnagar in India, in the highlands of Papua–New Guinea, at Off-Off Broadway in New York, in the interior of China, and at very many other events in a wide variety of places.
The effect of thyroxine on isolated dehydrogenases.

Abstract 1. (1) Thyroxine inhibits purified or crystalline malic, glutamic, lactic, triosephosphate, yeast alcohol and yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases. The apparent K I values are 1.10 −6 M with malic dehydrogenase, 2.10 −5 M with glutamic dehydrogenase, and 1–5.10 −5 M with the other dehydrogenases. 2. (2) Triiodothyronine, triiodothyroacetic acid, and other thyroactive congeners of thyroxine are also dehydrogenase inhibitors. Various halogenated phenols ( e.g. pentabromphenol, apparent K I = 5.10 −6 M ) and xanthene dyes ( e.g. Rose bengal, apparent K i = 1.10 −5 M inhibit glutamic dehydrogenase. Other hormones, and a variety of uncoupling agents are not inhibitory. 3. (3) Dehydrogenase inhibition by thyroxine appears to be intermediate between competitive and noncompetitive in type vs. both substrates and the pyridine nucleotides. The inhibition is reversible. 4. (4) Attempts to demonstrate a thyroxine interaction with specific functional groups of the enzymes were unsuccessful. Although all dehydrogenases found here to be inhibited by thyroxine are reported to contain zinc, no direct interaction of thyroxine with this metal could be obtained. Carboxypeptidase is, however, not inhibited. 5. (5) Possible implications of the above findings for the action of the hormone in vivo are briefly discussed.
Decadal and Multidecadal North Atlantic SST Anomalies Driven by Standing and Propagating Basin-Scale Atmospheric Anomalies

North Atlantic winter surface atmospheric circulation anomalies that vary over decadal and longer periods are characterized by examining the life history of individual anomaly features present from 1950 to 1992. Individual features observed on surface pressure anomaly (PA) maps propagated to the east-northeast during the early to mid-1950s and to the south from 1964 to 1984. Standing PA fluctuations were observed at other times. The nonstationary statistical properties of this atmospheric variability were not apparent in earlier studies because the statistical analysis techniques used assumed stationarity or assumed the atmosphere was dominated by standing patterns of variability. Observed winter sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) patterns that vary over decadal and longer periods were driven in part by these surface atmospheric anomalies through the associated anomalous surface turbulent heat flux patterns. The ocean tends to be anomalously cold (warm) where the surface wind speed is anomalously large (small). Local atmospheric forcing of winter SSTA remains important out to longer periods than previously realized. Although SSTA appears to respond passively to this atmospheric forcing, a complete understanding of the ocean‐atmosphere variability documented here will require an understanding of processes responsible for driving the atmospheric circulation anomalies.
Building an inclusive REU program A model for engineering education

Faculty, staff, and students from Colorado School of Mines' Renewable Energy Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (REMRSEC) will discuss several strategies that have allowed REMRSEC to host a successful Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program over the past five years for more than 100 students. The REU has consistently attracted highly qualified, diverse applicants and participants from a broad range of educational institutions that include Doctoral/Research Universities, four-year liberal arts colleges, historically black colleges and universities, Ivy League schools, tribal colleges, and two-year colleges. The program has received a significant amount of national recognition and international visibility due to its strong mentoring component that spans a variety of engineering and science disciplines while engaging students in authentic research tasks. Audience members attending this panel discussion will learn how our REU has successfully connected faculty mentors and undergraduate student researchers together in experiential education activities outside the students' primary research endeavors that include extracurricular activities, field trips, hands-on laboratory investigations, interactions with other REUs, professional development opportunities, student-driven “snapshots” sessions, and weekly technical seminars.
Compliant Intracortical Implants Reduce Strains and Strain Rates in Brain Tissue In Vivo

Objective. The objective of this research is to characterize the mechanical interactions of (1) soft, compliant and (2) non-compliant implants with the surrounding brain tissue in a rodent brain. Understanding such interactions will enable the engineering of novel materials that will improve stability and reliability of brain implants. Approach. Acute force measurements were made using a load cell in n = 3 live rats, each with 4 craniotomies. Using an indentation method, brain tissue was tested for changes in force using established protocols. A total of 4 non-compliant, bare silicon microshanks, 3 non-compliant polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)-coated silicon microshanks, and 6 compliant, nanocomposite microshanks were tested. Stress values were calculated by dividing the force by surface area and strain was estimated using a linear stress–strain relationship. Micromotion effects from breathing and vascular pulsatility on tissue stress were estimated from a 5 s interval of steady-state measurements. Viscoelastic properties were estimated using a second-order Prony series expansion of stress–displacement curves for each shank. Main results. The distribution of strain values imposed on brain tissue for both compliant nanocomposite microshanks and PVAc-coated, non-compliant silicon microshanks were significantly lower compared to non-compliant bare silicon shanks. Interestingly, step-indentation experiments also showed that compliant, nanocomposite materials significantly decreased stress relaxation rates in the brain tissue at the interface (p < 0.05) compared to non-compliant silicon and PVAc-coated silicon materials. Furthermore, both PVAc-coated non-compliant silicon and compliant nanocomposite shanks showed significantly reduced (by 4–5 fold) stresses due to tissue micromotion at the interface. Significance. The results of this study showed that soft, adaptive materials reduce strains and strain rates and micromotion induced stresses in the surrounding brain tissue. Understanding the material behavior at the site of tissue contact will help to improve neural implant design.
Scribal errors of proper names in the Beowulf manuscript

Scribal errors involving proper names appear throughout the manuscript of Beowulf. The scribes misrecognized names, converted them into common nouns of similar appearance, and spaced them into units that reflect incomprehension. This study assesses the implications of these errors for the engagement and awareness of the scribes, then considers their bearing on the dating and editing of Beowulf. The proper name errors reveal that the scribes were unfamiliar with the heroic-legendary traditions constituting Beowulf. The collective presence of these errors supports the probability that the extant manuscript of Beowulf is a copy of a centuries-old poem, not of a recent composition.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Furosemide after Oral Administration to Horses

Furosemide is the most common diuretic drug used in horses. Furosemide is routinely administered as IV or IM bolus doses 3-4 times a day. Administration PO is often suggested as an alternative, even though documentation of absorption and efficacy in horses is lacking. This study was carried out in a randomized, crossover design and compared 8-hour urine volume among control horses that received placebo, horses that received furosemide at 1 mg/kg PO, and horses that received furosemide at 1 mg/kg IV. Blood samples for analysis of plasma furosemide concentrations, PCV, and total solids were obtained at specific time points from treated horses. Furosemide concentrations were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. Systemic availability of furosemide PO was poor, erratic, and variable among horses. Median systemic bioavailability was 5.4% (25th percentile, 75th percentile: 3.5, 9.6). Horses that received furosemide IV produced 7.4 L (7.1, 7.7) of urine over the 8-hour period. The maximum plasma concentration of 0.03 microg/mL after administration PO was not sufficient to increase urine volume compared with control horses (1.2 L [1.0, 1.4] PO versus 1.2 L [1.0, 1.4] control). There was a mild decrease in urine specific gravity within 1-2 hours after administration of furosemide PO, and urine specific gravity was significantly lower in horses treated with furosemide PO compared with control horses at the 2-hour time point. Systemic availability of furosemide PO was poor and variable. Furosemide at 1 mg/kg PO did not induce diuresis in horses.
The contribution of operativity to naming capacity in aphasic patients.

Abstract Matched groups of anterior aphasics, posterior aphasics, and a control group of non-aphasic patients were given an extensive naming test in order to determine the contribution of a number of variables to naming facility. Of particular interest was whether those elements described by Piaget as operative—objects, parts of objects, and other entities which can be readily grasped, manipulated, and operated upon—were easier to name than those which can only be known in a figurative way. When word frequency was controlled for, it was found that elements which are relatively operative were more easily named than elements which are relatively figurative. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms which govern naming in aphasic and normal individuals.
Doppler‐free two‐photon laser excitation of the vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum of CO

The two photon excitation of the vacuum ultraviolet fourth positive band system (A1π − X1∑+) produced by frequency doubling the output of a nitrogen laser pumped tunable dye laser was reported previously where the (0–0) through (9–0) bands were observed under low resolution conditions [1]. The present work describes a high resolution, Doppler-free excitation of the fourth positive CO spectrum under high resolution conditions and with an absolute wavelength calibration that appears to be an order of magnitude more accurate than can be obtained by conventional grating spectroscopy.
Perceptual enhancement of tumor targets in chest X-ray images

Under tachistoscopic viewing conditions, precuing the location of potential lung tumorlargets in chest X-ray images was less effective than precuing followed by bounding the region of interest (ROI) with a circle directly on the image. Detection performance increased as the image was systematically masked so that its size approximated that of the circled ROI. When viewing time was extended to allow shifts in eye position, circling the ROI was found to restrict the dispersion of fixations and increase the accuracy of fixating the target tumor. When targets were placed outside the ROI, the circle inhibited their detection relative to detection of targets inside the circled region. These findings suggest that cuing by circling restricts target detection to the ROI, and by doing so reduces the interfering effects of outside distractors that compete with the target for attention.
A posteriori error estimation for the finite element and boundary element methods

Abstract An a posteriori error estimation technique is formulated for the finite element (FEM) and boundary element (BEM) methods. The evaluation of the error indicator is based on the projection process of element solutions. The error estimator is found by summing the error indicators. Global energy and L2 error norms are employed for FEM and BEM, respectively. Example problems include three FEM problems and two BEM problems. It is shown how the one-dimensional FEM concepts can be easily applied to two-dimensional BEM.