cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women.

To discern the pharmacological effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in older women with low endogenous DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DS), 1600 mg/day (in four divided doses) were administered orally to six postmenopausal women for 28 days in a double blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Serum concentrations of androgens after the first 400-mgdose of DHEA increased rapidly and reached a maximum at 180–240 min, resulting in increases over baseline of 6-fold for DHEA (5.8 ± 2.1 to 28.8 ± 5.5 nmol/L), 12-fold for DS (3.0 ± 1.6 to 28.2 ± 4.6 μmol/L) and androstenedione (1.4 ± 0.3 to 19.5 ± 9.8 nmol/L), 2.5-fold for testosterone (0.7 ± 0.1 to 2.2 ± 0.6 nmol/L), and 15-fold for dihydrotestosterone (0.2 ± 0.06 to 2.73 ± 1.0 nmol/L), but estrone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were unchanged. Assessment at weekly intervals revealed a further increase in all androgens which was maximal at 2 weeks and remained markedly elevated, although it declined somewhat by 4 weeks. The increments observed ...
Genome-wide association scan for variants associated with early-onset prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality for men in the United States. There is strong empirical and epidemiological evidence supporting a stronger role of genetics in early-onset prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association scan for early-onset prostate cancer. Novel aspects of this study include the focus on early-onset disease (defined as men with prostate cancer diagnosed before age 56 years) and use of publically available control genotype data from previous genome-wide association studies. We found genome-wide significant (p<5×10−8) evidence for variants at 8q24 and 11p15 and strong supportive evidence for a number of previously reported loci. We found little evidence for individual or systematic inflated association findings resulting from using public controls, demonstrating the utility of using public control data in large-scale genetic association studies of common variants. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of established common genetic variants for early-onset prostate cancer and the power of including early-onset prostate cancer cases in genetic association studies.
The Kalman Filter Applied to Aerospace and Electronic Systems

The evolution of the application of the Kalman filter in the aerospace arena is traced. The major programs that were the driving forces for the filter's acceptance are noted, as are the specific threads of activity for refining and enhancing the initial contribution. These efforts brought the fundamental ideas presented by Kalman to the point where actual application was possible. Clearly the concepts of the Kalman filter are now "mature." This is also noted and substantiated.
Effect of upstream roughness element distribution on wind loads on low rise structures

Abstract This paper presents initial findings regarding the effect of upstream random height distributions on the surface pressures measured on a low rise structure. Results to date show that in general the larger the absolute value of mean surface pressure, the less the effect of changes in the upstream roughness height distribution. Similar results are obtained for the extreme pressures, however the data shows more scatter, and the analysis is not as complete.
Intraoperative imaging in renal calculus surgery

Renal calculus surgery requires meticulous detail to ascertain the presence of residual stones. This paper summarizes past and present methods for the accurate localization of renal calculi in the surgically exposed kidney.
Toxic shock syndrome: associated with nasal packing.

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is usually considered to be associated with menstruating women and is not routinely thought of as a disease of childhood. It was not described in children until 1978; but by 1984, 27 percent of reported cases involved either children or adults without menstrually-related risk factors. It is a rare illness caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We present an unusual case of TSS associated with nasal packing in a ten-year-old boy. Early recognition and treatment is essential
Models of Computations and Systems—Evaluation of Vertex Probabilities in Graph Models of Computations

This paper concerns itself with the modeling of computations and systems and the generation of a priori estimates of expected computation time for given problems on given processing systems. In particular, methods are discussed for determining the probabilities of reaching vertices in a graph model of computations.
A Review of “Sex Differences: Summarizing More Than a Century of Scientific Research”

I long for bygone days. I have a romantic attachment to the epic struggle between Charles Scribner and Sons’ Maxwell Perkins and one of his young discoveries, Thomas Wolfe. While Wolfe churned out ...
Electrophysiologic Effects of Isoproterenol and Beta Blocking Agents in Awake Dogs

In awake, unrestrained animals beta adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol increased heart rate and enhanced A-V conduction with no change of conduction in Purkinje tissue or ventricular activation time. The chronotropic and dromotropic responses to isoproterenol were abolished completely by the adrenergic antagonists, propranolol (0.2 mg/ kg) and pronethalol (2 mg/kg). Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol produced no significant change of heart rate, A-V conduction, conduction velocity in Purkinje tissue, or ventricular activation time. In contrast to the above, pronethalol produced tachycardia, enhanced A-V conduction and prolonged ventricular activation slightly. The tachycardia which followed pronethalol was largely a consequence of vagal inhibition since it could be nearly abolished by prior administration of atropine. Propranolol produced no changes in the refractory period or excitability of atrial muscle. Pronethalol did not alter the excitability of atrial muscle but did prolong the atrial refractory period. Barbiturate anesthesia was found to prolong ventricular activation time, and in anesthetized animals both propranolol and pronethalol caused further depression of conduction. These data support the view that cardiac adrenergic activity has little or no influence on conduction in the ventricle, and suggest that the intensity of sympathetic activity in awake, unrestrained dogs is minimal. The differences in the responses of unanesthetized animals to propranolol and to pronethalol indicate that the latter agent has significant anticholinergic properties as well as certain extra-adrenergic actions on conduction. Failure of blocking doses of both the above agents to alter diastolic thresholds indicates that their anti-arrhythmic properties are not related to an effect on excitability. Beta adrenergic blocking agents appear to exert qualitatively as well as quantitatively different effects in awake and anesthetized preparations, an observation which should be taken into consideration when evaluating the pharmacologic properties of these compounds.
Gene expression relates WM to CLL

Comment on Chng et al, page [2755][1] Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) shares traits with both chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Chng and colleagues now demonstrate that by gene expression WM appears more closely related to CLL than MM. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
The Lone Liberal Artists in the Ed School: Reconnecting Foundations Scholars With the Liberal Arts

This article begins from the premise that foundations scholars occupy an awkward place in the education school, because our work is predominantly grounded in the liberal arts but the work of other education scholars is predominantly preprofessional. To create a more meaningful place for foundations in the education school will require better understanding of why the education school has such a strained relationship with the liberal arts. This article offers a brief review of this relationship as reflected in current practice and scholarship and offers a historical and sociological explanation for this situation. The article concludes with some suggestions for ways that foundations scholars can reconnect with the liberal arts. Doing so could enhance the position of foundations scholars by broadening our scholarly community and extending the possibilities for the work we do.
New methods for vapor-liquid-equilibria measurements

Abstract The techniques and methods used to obtain both high pressure and low pressure vapor-liquid-equilibria data are surveyed. The application of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation using the temperature dependence of enthalpies of mixing, freezing points and vapor-liquid-equilibria (VLE) data at limited temperatures is outlined.
The Relationship Between Fracture Traces and Joints in a Tertiary Basin, Southwest Montana

The relationship between fracture traces mapped on aerial photographs and joints mapped in the field were examined for a synclinal basin, near Three Forks, Montana, Fracture traces mapped in the southern half of the Milligan Canyon area by stereoscopic examination of aerial photographs show a predominant east-west and north-south orientation. A total of 4,675 joint orientation measurements made in the field also showed predominant north-south and east-west orientations. The similarity suggests that mapped fracture traces reflect areas of joint and fracture concentrations in the subsurface and may be a valuable water exploration tool in Tertiary basins of Montana.
Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic dating of a ferromanganese crust from Schumann Seamount

Abstract Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was employed to determine the age and growth rates of the different layers within ferromanganese crusts from Schumann Seamount, 200 miles north of the island of Kauai, Hawaii. This work is part of a study to reconstruct the paleoceanographic history of crusts using various geochemical indicators. The methods are based on the identification of coccolith imprints, not actual coccolith remains. Age constraints on the time span of a particular horizon are defined either (1) by the presence of a species which was extant for only a limited geological time interval or (2) by the presence of two organisms whose time ranges overlapped. Age resolution is optimized by short time ranges or narrow overlaps. In the crust studied there was considerable inter-horizon variability in the preservation of coccolith imprints, in imprint abundance and in species diversity. Some of the crust layers examined were narrowly constrained temporally (1–4 Myr), while others were less so (> 10 Myr). Our results indicate that the minimum age for the interval at 27 mm depth is at least Eocene. This is the maximum age many believe any crust can be. The position of this interval, however, is only about one half of the way through the crust. While the data support previous estimates of average crust growth rates (0.5 mm/Myr), the actual apparent growth rate appears to have varied by an order of magnitude (0.1 to 2 mm/Myr).
Metabolic regulation of organelle homeostasis in lupus T cells

Abnormal T-cell signaling and activation are characteristic features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus T cells are shifted toward an over-activated state, important signaling pathways are rewired, and signaling molecules are replaced. Disturbances in metabolic and organelle homeostasis, importantly within the mitochondrial, endosomal, and autophagosomal compartments, underlie the changes in signal transduction. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization, enhanced endosomal recycling, and dysregulated autophagy are hallmarks of pathologic organelle homeostasis in SLE. This review is focused on the metabolic checkpoints of endosomal traffic that control immunological synapse formation and mitophagy and may thus serve as targets for treatment in SLE.
How We Intend to Future: Review of Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming

ABSTRACTAnthony Dunne and Fiona Raby’s new book argues for the value of design projects that speculate about possible futures rather than just realize market-feasible futures. The claim is that our societies, and the industries responsible for furnishing our societies with products and environments, are losing the capacity to envision futures in order to evaluate their desirability. In response, Dunne and Raby, and the designers of which they approve, insist on the importance of speculations being physicalized beyond prototype but no longer (compared to their earlier “critical design” work) deployed for people to use. This review essay is critical of the “shopping” framework and taste regime that underlie Dunne and Raby’s arguments and projects.
Regulation of substance P by nerve growth factor: disruption by capsaicin

Capsaicin depleted substance P from guinea pig dorsal root ganglia and inhibited the retrograde axoplasmic transport of nerve growth factor (NGF). Doses of capsaicin which depleted substance P also inhibited the retrograde axoplasmic transport of NGF. Inhibition of the retrograde transport of NGF by capsaicin preceded substance P depletion. Supplementation of guinea pigs with mouse NGF completely prevented capsaicin-induced substance P depletion. It is concluded that capsaicin depletes substance P from primary afferent neurons of the adult guinea pig by altering the availability of NGF. The data support a role for NGF in the normal maintenance of neuropeptide levels in some sensory neurons in the adult animal.
The Effect of Social Presence on Affective and Cognitive Learning in an International Engineering Course Taught via Distance Learning

Background Distance learning course formats can alter modes of information exchange and interpersonal interaction relative to traditional course formats. Purpose (Hypothesis) To determine the effect of a distance course format on the knowledge acquisition (cognitive learning) and satisfaction (affective learning) of students, we investigated student learning responses and social presence during a graduate-level engineering course taught via traditional (i.e., professor present in the classroom) and synchronous distance-learning formats. Design/Method Direct quantification of participation, academic performance assessment based on homework and exam scores, and survey-based assessments of student perceptions of the course were collected. Based on these data, cognitive and affective learning responses to different technological and interaction-based aspects of the course were determined for each course format. Results We show that while affective learning decreased for students in the distance format course relative to the traditional format, cognitive learning was comparable. Our results suggest that loss of satellite connection and audio losses had a stronger negative effect on student perceptions than video disturbances, and that participation was the most important factor influencing affective learning. Conclusions While our findings do not suggest that cognitive learning is strongly affected by social presence, implementing strategies to enhance social presence may improve the overall learning experience and make distance learning more enjoyable for students.
Epileptogenic Effect of Extradural and Extracranial Cobalt

CHRONIC epileptogenic foci have been produced in rats and mice by metallic cobalt powder placed in the brain or on its surface1,2. The lesions were destructive; necrosis and abscess formation were common. We have studied the epileptogenic effects of extradural and extracranial cobalt.
Acoustic courtship signals in the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

Abstract Male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) produce two sounds in sexual contexts, calling songs and precopulatory songs. Calling song occurs during pheromone release from territories within leks and consists of repeated bursts of sound (pulse trains). Virgin female A. suspensa became more active in the presence of recorded calling songs. Activity during the broadcast of a heterospecific song did not differ from movement during periods of silence. A conspecific song typical of smaller males, i.e. conspicuous for its long periods between pulse trains, also failed to elicit more activity by virgin females than silence. Mated females were most active during silences. Unmated males had no obvious reaction to sound. Calling songs are apparently sexually important communications which females discriminate among and may use as cues for locating and/or choosing between mates. Precopulatory song is produced by mounted males just before and during the early stages of copulation. Males that did not produce such songs remained coupled for shorter periods, perhaps passing fewer sperm. Wingless (muted) males were more likely to complete aedeagal insertion if a recorded precopulatory song was broadcast. Calling song played at the same level (90 dB) had no significant effect on the acceptance of males, nor did precopulatory song at a lower SPL (52dB). Precopulatory song may be used to display male vigour to choosing females.
CPS/SEG 1985 Joint Meeting Report of the CPS/SEG Meeting, April 12 16, 1985 in Beijing

The Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), the China Geophysics Society (CGS), the China Society of Petroleum Geophysicists, now Committee of Geophysical Exploration of CPS, and the China Petroleum Society (CPS) deserve every credit for bringing exploration geophysicists ever closer together in the last seven years. The Joint Meeting of CPS/SEG in Beijing, The People’s Republic of China, April 12–16, 1985, was the culmination of past efforts put forth by all these societies.
Interferon gamma induction of gastric mucous neck cell hypertrophy

Chronic inflammation of the gastric epithelium is believed to induce mucosal changes that can eventually develop into gastric cancer. In gastrin-deficient (G-/-) mice exhibiting chronic inflammation in the hypochlorhydric stomach, we documented a prominent fundic mucous cell lineage sharing morphological similarity with preneoplastic changes reported in Helicobacter-infected mice. To study the identity and origin of this cell lineage, we screened for different gastric mucosal cell markers. The clusters of large, foamy cells stained for trefoil factor 2 (TFF2/SP), MUC6 and the lectin Griffonia Simplicifolia II (GSII), but not for the intestine-specific transcription factor Cdx2, suggested that they arise from gastric mucous neck cells. Ki67-labeled GSII-positive neck cells in Helicobacter felis-infected, but not G-/- stomachs, suggested that mucous neck cell proliferation accounted for expansion of this compartment in the H. felis model of gastritis, but not the G-/- model. Using RNase protection assays and quantitative PCR, we found that interferon gamma (IFNgamma) was the most abundant proinflammatory cytokine in the G-/- stomach. We also found that this Th1 cytokine can increase the abundance of mucous neck cells, since its infusion into mice recapitulated the appearance of these cells as observed in both G-/- and H. felis-infected mice. Using the human gastric cell line NCI-N87, we showed that IFNgamma induces the secretion of mucus and expression of MUC6, TFF2 and pepsinogen II, but not of pepsinogen I and intrinsic factor. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that inflammation, specifically the proinflammatory cytokine IFNgamma, induced expansion of the fundic mucous neck cell compartment, which likely represents both increased mucus production and cell number.
Making Dendritic Cells from the Inside Out: Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Delivery of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin 4 into CD14 Monocytes Generates Dendritic Cells In Vitro

We have evaluated a one-hit lentiviral transduction approach to genetically modifying monocytes in order to promote autocrine and paracrine production of factors required for their differentiation into immature dendritic cells (DCs). High-titer third-generation self-inactivating lentiviral vectors expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) efficiently achieved simultaneous and persistent codelivery of the transgenes into purified human CD14+ monocytes. Coexpression of GM-CSF and IL-4 in CD14+ cells was sufficient to induce their differentiation into a DC-like phenotype, as evidenced by their morphology, immature immunophenotypic profile (CD14-, CD1a+, CD80+, CD86+, MHC-I+, MHC-II+), and their ability to further develop into a mature phenotype (CD83+) on further treatment with soluble CD40 ligand. Mixed lymphocyte reactions showed that the T cell-stimulating activity of lentivirus-modified DCs was superior to that of DCs grown by conventional methods. Lentivirus-modified DCs displayed efficient antigen-specific, MHC class I-restricted stimulation of autologous CD8+ T cells, as shown by IFN-gamma production and CTL assays. DCs coexpressing GM-CSF and IL-4 could be kept metabolically active and viable in culture for 14 days in the absence of exogenously added growth factors, unlike conventionally produced DCs. Coexpression of FLT3 ligand did not improve the viability, expansion, or immunologic performance of lentivirus-modified DCs. This article demonstrates the proof-of-concept to genetically convert monocytes to DC-type antigen-presenting cells with lentiviral vectors.
Radiocarbon-derived sedimentation rates in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Sedimentation rates were determined for the northern Gulf of Mexico margin sediments at water depths ranging from 770 to 3560 m, using radiocarbon determinations of organic matter. Resulting sedimentation rates ranged from 3 to 15 cm/kyr, decreasing with increasing water depth. These rates agree with long-term sedimentation rates estimated previously using stratigraphic methods, and with estimates of sediment delivery rates by the Mississippi River to the northern Gulf of Mexico, but are generally higher by 1–2 orders of magnitude than those estimated by 210Pbxs methods. Near-surface slope sediments from 2737 m water depth in the Mississippi River fan were much older than the rest. They had minimum 14C ages of 16–27 kyr and δ13C values ranging from −24‰ to −26.5‰, indicating a terrestrial origin of organic matter. The sediments from this site were thus likely deposited by episodic mass wasting of slope sediment through the canyon, delineating the previously suggested main pathway of sediment and clay movement to abyssal Gulf sediments.
Automatic recognition and analysis of synapses

An automatic system for recognizing synaptic junctions would allow analysis of large samples of tissue for the possible classification of specific well-defined sets of synapses based upon structural morphometric indices. In this paper the three steps of our system are described: (1) cytochemical tissue preparation to allow easy recognition of the synaptic junctions; (2) transmitting the tissue information to a computer; and (3) analyzing each field to recognize the synapses and make measurements on them.
Planar tunnel junction studies of quasiparticle bound states in vortices in ultrathin films

Abstract The application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of a tppe-II superconducting film leads to the formation of vortices in it. pe have made a series of tunneling measurements on puench condensed ultrathin films to investigate the influence of film structure on hop the tunneling density of states is affected by magnetic field. pe find that films pith microscopicallp homogeneous structure shop clear evidence of quasiparticle states bound to vortices. In contrast, granular films pith high normal state sheet resistances exhibit no bound states associated pith the vortices. Hopever, by reducing the sheet resistance of the granular films and thereby enhancing the intergrain coupling, bound states appear.
A tyrosine kinase assay using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Reverse-phase HPLC can be used as a very precise and accurate routine assay for peptide phosphorylation by protein kinases that has advantages over other methods. In particular, peptides with native amino acid sequences can be used without the need for radioisotopes. However, reaction conditions that are employed can often present difficulties in recovery and quantitation of phospho- and apo-peptides. Two general problems were encountered: First, variation in the retention times of peptides and an increasing width of the injection front which can interfere with quantitation both resulted from repeated sample injections. These were caused mostly by the presence of carrier bovine serum albumin used to reduce loss of peptides during the reaction and by high concentrations of ATP used to study the kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions. These problems were solved by regular washing of the reverse-phase column, thus allowing a broad range of peptide and ATP concentrations to be used. Second, the stability of peptides used in the assay was affected by dithiothreitol in combination with manganese. The former is a common reagent of kinase purifications and the latter is often the metal cofactor used in kinase reactions. Minimizing the concentration of dithiothreitol or using magnesium resolved these difficulties. Consideration of these factors is therefore important when using reverse-phase HPLC to monitor peptide phosphorylation in protein tyrosine kinase assays.
Arterial thrombosis associated with heterozygous factor V Leiden disorder, hyperhomocysteinemia, and peripheral arterial disease: Importance of synergistic factors

A 47-year-old man with heterozygous factor V Leiden disorder and intermittent hyperhomocysteinemia developed spontaneous acute popliteal artery thrombosis. Homocysteine levels were above normal limits at presentation. Intra-arterial thrombolysis was used successfully to treat the acute thrombosis; long-term treatment included anticoagulation, folic acid, and risk factor modification. Although factor V Leiden is strongly associated with deep venous thrombosis, additional cofactors such as hyperhomocysteinemia may predispose to an increased risk of acute arterial thrombosis in areas of pre-existing peripheral arterial disease.
Implications of a partial-differential-equation cohort model

The growth in size of organisms in a population cohort and the change through time of the number of organisms in the cohort can be modeled in a unified way by means of a partial differential equation. This equation can be solved analytically for reasonable assumptions concerning growth and mortality rates. A cohort will have an initial distribution in sizes both because all offspring are not produced at exactly the same time and because there is some variation in the sizes of organisms at the time of reproduction. Assuming typical organism growth patterns, we show from the solution of the partial differential equation that the size distribution will at first broaden and then eventually become narrow again as the cohort grows in average size. This conclusion is in agreement with growth data on some marine and freshwater organisms. Genetic variations that cause the growth rate to be distributed normally among organisms in the cohort population are also shown to lead to predictable changes in the size distribution through time.
Transport processes in periodic porous media

The Stokes equation system and Ohm's law were solved numerically for fluid in periodic bicontinuous porous media of simple cubic (SC), body-centred cubic (BCC) and face-centred cubic (FCC) symmetry. The Stokes equation system was also solved for fluid in porous media of SC arrays of disjoint spheres. The equations were solved by Galerkin's method with finite element basis functions and with elliptic grid generation. The Darcy permeability k computed for flow through SC arrays of spheres is in excellent agreement with predictions made by other authors. Prominent recirculation patterns are found for Stokes flow in bicontinuous porous media. The results of the analysis of Stokes flow and Ohmic conduction through bicontinuous porous media were used to test the permeability scaling law proposed by Johnson, Koplik & Schwartz, which introduces a length parameter Λ to relate Darcy permeability k and the formation factor F. As reported in our earlier work on the SC bicontinuous porous media, the scaling law holds approximately for the BCC and FCC families except when the porespace becomes nearly spherical pores connected by small orifice-like passages.
Developing instructor support materials for an inquiry-oriented curriculum

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of designing web-based instructor support materials for an inquiry oriented abstract algebra curriculum. First we discuss the ways in which the research literature influenced the design of the instructor support materials. Then we discuss the design-based research methods used to develop the instructor support materials, elaborating the ways in which the research phases of our work contributed to the design of the instructor support materials. This discussion includes specific examples of important insights from our research and precisely how these were incorporated into the support materials.
Chromatographic evaluation of the binding of lysozyme to poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)

Abstract Size-exclusion chromatography on Superose columns was used to examine the binding of lysozyme to a strong polycation, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride). A modified Hummel-Dreyer method was employed to determine the number of protein molecules bound per polymer chain as a function of protein concentration, in 0.325 M buffer, at pH 9.0. Even though this pH is smaller than the isoelectric point, the protein binds to this polycation. The binding data could be fit to Hill's equation, and the resulting fitting parameters indicate that the binding is cooperative.
Technetium-99m MDP imaging of acute radiation-induced inflammation

Tc-99m MDP three-phase bone imaging demonstrated the acute hyperemic inflammatory soft tissue phase of radiation injury to the hand in a patient receiving radiation therapy to bone lesions of multiple myeloma.
Circadian variation of cardiac K^+ channel gene expression

Background— Many cardiac arrhythmias have their own characteristic circadian variations. Because the expression of many genes, including clock genes, is regulated variably during a day, circadian variations of ion channel gene expression, if any, could contribute to the fluctuating alterations of cardiac electrophysiological characteristics and subsequent arrhythmogenesis. Methods and Results— To examine whether cardiac K+ channel gene expression shows a circadian rhythm, we analyzed the mRNA levels of 8 Kv and 6 Kir channels in rat hearts every 3 hours throughout 1 day. Among these channels, Kv1.5 and Kv4.2 genes showed significant circadian variations in their transcripts: ≈2-fold increase of Kv1.5 mRNA from trough at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 6 to peak at ZT18 and a completely reverse pattern in Kv4.2 mRNA (≈2-fold increase from trough at ZT18 to peak at ZT6). Actually, along with the variations in the immunoreactive proteins, the density of the transient outward and steady-state currents in isolated myocyte...
Effects of High Levels of Yeast Feeding on Uric Acid Metabolism of Young Men

THE possible use of single cells of yeast and bacteria as food is receiving much attention1,2. It has long been recognized3–9 that feeding yeast can increase urinary uric acid excretion, but the levels of its use in processed foods have been so low that no problems have arisen. If yeast and other single cells are used, however, as sources of protein rather than of vitamins, the intakes involved are much higher.
Massed and Distributed Practice Effects: Phenomena in Search of a Theory?

(1988). Massed and Distributed Practice Effects: Phenomena in Search of a Theory? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 308-313.
Software-Defined Mobile Cloud: Architecture, Services and Use Cases

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging technology which brings flexibility and programmability to networks and introduces new services and features. However, most SDN architectures have been designed for wired infrastructures, especially in the data center space, and primary trends for wireless and mobile SDN are on the access network and the wireless backhaul. In this paper, we propose several designs for SDN-based Mobile Cloud architectures, focusing on Ad hoc networks. We present the required core components to build SDN-based Mobile Cloud, including variations that are required to accommodate different wireless environments, such as mobility and unreliable wireless link conditions. We also introduce several instances of the proposed architectures based on frequency selection of wireless transmission that are designed around different use cases of SDN- based Mobile Cloud. We demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture by implementing SDN-based routing in the mobile cloud and comparing it with traditional Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) routing. The feasibility of our architecture is shown by achieving high packet delivery ratio with acceptable overhead.
Long‐term use of appetite suppressant medication: Rationale and recommendations

We propose a change in the use of “appetite suppressant” medication in the treatment of obesity: use it on a long-term basis or not at all. This proposal is based on the theory that “appetite suppressant” medication acts primarily by lowering the regulated level of body weight. We review the concept of the regulation of body weight and present evidence that body weight is regulated in animals of normal weight and in some obese animals. We show that the concept of the regulation of body weight also applies to variations of body weight produced by endogenous factors, such as those related to hibernation, as well as by experimental interventions, such as brain lesions and “appetite suppressant” medication. Evidence of body weight regulation in normal weight and obese humans is presented and clinical significance discussed. We conclude with a discussion of a new role for “appetite suppressant” medication in the treatment of obesity. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blocking a selective association in pigeons.

Experiment 1 demonstrated for the first time a stimulus-reinforcer interaction in pigeons trained with free-operant multiple schedules of reinforcement. Pigeons that treadle pressed in the presence of a tone-light (TL) compound for food exhibited primarily visual stimulus control on a stimulus-element test, whereas pigeons that avoided shock in TL exhibited auditory control. In Experiment 2, this selective association was blocked in pigeons pretrained with the biologically contingency-disadvantage element of the compound (i.e., tone-food or light-shock) before TL training. When this pretraining preceded compound-stimulus training, control was now auditory in pigeons that treadle pressed for food and was visual in pigeons that avoided shock. Previous attempts at blocking this selective association were unsuccessful in pigeons (LoLordo, Jacobs, & Foree, 1982) but were successful in rats (Schindler & Weiss, 1985). Experiment 2 established that selective associations can be blocked in pigeons when the procedures that were effective with rats were systematically replicated. These results further demonstrate the cross-species generality of an associative attentional mechanism involving a biological constraint on learning in species with different dominant sensory systems.
Effects of varying light bias on an optically-addressed two-terminal multicolor photodetector

Abstract Multicolor photodetectors often require more than two terminals, making it very difficult to construct multicolor FPAs, due to the increased processing complexity. A novel approach is proposed to overcome this problem: an optically-addressed two-terminal multicolor photodetector. This two-terminal detector design is important for FPAs because it maximizes the fill factor and simplifies the necessary ROICs. This novel device concept is demonstrated using LEDs as the optical bias sources and a three-color detector. Varying light bias levels expose the effects of, luminescence coupling, optical leakage, and shunt leakage currents on the detector performance. The measured dark current, responsivity, and linear dynamic range of the detector reveal a tradeoff between low optical bias for minimal dark current and maximum responsivity and high optical bias for maximum dynamic range for optimal detector performance.
Distinct mechanisms of action of anti-CD154 in early versus late treatment of murine lupus nephritis

Objective. Treatment with anti-CD154 antibody is known to ameliorate murine lupus nephritis when given early in the disease. The aims of this study were to identify the mechanism of this early effect, to determine whether late anti-CD154 treatment could halt established nephritis, and, if so, to examine potential mechanisms of late efficacy. Methods. We studied the effects of anti-CD154 treatment on autoantibody production and immune complex deposition, renal pathology, survival, and renal cytokine and chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression both in (NZB NZW)F1 mice (BW mice) and in NZM.2410 mice. Results. Early treatment with anti-CD154 produced long-term survival in BW mice, with abrogation of renal immune complex deposition for months after treatment was stopped. Late anti-CD154 treatment, started after development of nephritis, could halt disease in 40% of mice. In some mice, proteinuria could be reversed repeatedly with sequential courses of antiCD154 antibody. The remissions induced by late treatment with anti-CD154 occurred despite ongoing renal immune complex deposition. In preliminary studies, responding mice had rapid reductions in renal mRNA for transforming growth factor , interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor . Conclusion. Amelioration of murine lupus by anti-CD154 therapy is mediated by distinct mechanisms in early versus late intervention. We postulate that anti-CD154 therapy prevents autoantibody production and renal immune complex deposition in the early, induction phase and limits secondary tissue damage in situ in the late, effector phase. These data demonstrate that CD40–CD154 interactions are critical for the maintenance of autoimmunity and suggest a potential role for anti-CD154 as a therapeutic agent in established human lupus.
SHALLOW TRAPS AND THE APPARENT SUBLINEAR PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY OF PHOTOREFRACTIVE BARIUM TITANATE

We show that shallow acceptors reduce the lifetime of free holes and make the photoconducti-vity of barium titanate increase sublinearly with intensity both in the cw and pulsed illumination regimes. We also show that as-grown barium titanate crystals have quite different photorefractive properties depending on their relative density of deep donors and shallow acceptors, and we determine the depth of the shallow acceptors to be ~0.4 eV above the top of the valence bond.
Stability of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity

Abstract Examining the stability of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity, 42 male subjects were presented a difficult cognitive task to perform at each of two experimental sessions, scheduled 1 week apart, and recordings of hear rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained during periods of rest and task performance on each occasion of testing. Measures of task-related arousal (reactivity) across the two experimental sessions revealed substantial and reliable individual differences on all three response variables, as evidenced by (1) subsets of subjects representing clearly differentiated groups of Reactors and NonReactors on each measure and (2) correlation of reactivity scores of all subjects between the first and second sessions. While individual differences in systolic blood pressure and heart rate reactivity correlated positively, magnitude of systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses did not covary reliably among subjects. It was concluded that the present data demonstrate consistency, or reproducibility, of idiosyncratic cardiovascular reactivity and suggested that the variability of relationships among response measures may reflect more basic dimensions of individual differences involving neuroregulatory mechanisms underlying cardiovascular adjustments.
Overlayer-induced ordering of the disordered surface monolayer in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer thin films

On presente une experience de diffusion des rayons X par des films de Langmuir-Blodgett. Les resultats montrent que la monocouche de surface a l'interface film multicouches/air est desordonnee, et qu'elle peut etre reordonnee par depot d'une monocouche supplementaire. Les donnees sont analysees au moyen d'une nouvelle technique qui calcule la fonction d'autocorrelation du profil du film sans supposer la structure centrosymetrique et sans postuler l'existence d'une cellule unite
The use of thematic role information in parsing: Syntactic processing autonomy revisited

Two eye-movement experiments examined the processing of sentences containing reduced relative constructions. In the first experiment, animacy of the sentential subject, structural ambiguity, and parafoveal preview of syntactically disambiguating material were manipulated. Evidence of disruption was found in temporarily ambiguous sentences, regardless of animacy or preview. In the second experiment, readers with high versus low verbal working memory capacity read the sentences from Experiment 1. High and low-span readers exhibited very similar patterns of processing. As in the first experiment, evidence for disruption was found in temporarily ambiguous sentences whether the sentential subject was animate or inanimate. Sentences with animate subjects were hard to interpret, and relatively late measures of processing indicated that an animate subject made ambiguity especially hard to overcome. We interpret the findings as being consistent with serial, depth-first models of parsing.
A Two-Stage Half-Sib Design for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Food Animals

Daughter and granddaughter half-sib designs for mapping quantitative trait loci were modified to increase experimental power. This new design includes a two-stage procedure, in contrast to conventional one-step half-sib designs. In stage 1, a few progeny of each sire are genotyped for marker loci. Based on the analyses of stage 1 data, some sires are chosen to continue genotyping more progeny for stage 2. When multiple chromosomes are under investigation, chromosomes and sires for stage 2 are selected based on the analysis of stage 1 data. Sire selection results in increased frequency of heterozygous genotypes of interest in stage 2 if the markers are linked to those genes. Chromosome selection can increase the proportion of chromosomes with segregating quantitative trait loci in stage 2 if not all of the chromosomes evaluated in stage 1 have segregating quantitative trait loci. Numerical results indicated that two-stage half-sib designs are generally more powerful than conventional designs when 1) the noncentrality parameter is moderate or larger, 2) larger quantitative trait loci are mapped using tightly linked markers in larger families, and 3) variation is large in numbers and sizes of segregating quantitative trait loci among the chromosomes evaluated in stage 1.
Female mate choice based upon male motor performance

Our goal in this essay is to review the hypothesis that females choose mates by the evaluation of male motor performance. We define motor performance as vigour, the ability to perform energetically expensive acts repeatedly, or as skill, the ability to perform difficult motor tasks well. Motor performance reflects most aspects of whole-organism performance that relate to survival, and thus should indicate, more reliably than ornaments do, individual male genetic quality and/or developmental history. Male sexual displays in many animal taxa contain elements of vigour and/or skill, and accumulating evidence suggests that females choose mates in nature based upon their evaluations of male motor performance. We note that male ornaments in many species are accompanied by conspicuous motor display, and we propose that ornaments often arise secondarily as a way to enhance the apparent skill or vigour of male motor performance. More and better methods to measure male vigour and skill are needed, as well as additional studies on the abilities of females to make discriminations of this type.
The effects of phosphoproteins on collagen self-assembly in tail tendon and incision dentin from rats

Abstract Phosphoproteins retard the rate at which collagen molecules undergo self-assembly into fibrils. The inhibition appears to be dependent on the amount of phosphoprotein present, with increasing phosphoprotein concentrations resulting in greater inhibition. Prior treatment of the phosphoprotein with calcium markedly increases the resultant inhibitory effect. Dentin phosphoproteins are considerably more effective than phosvitin in retarding collagen self-assembly, with retardation times for these hard tissue extracellular matrix proteins being 25–30 times greater than control values.
Interference lithography at 157 nm

A 157nm interference lithography system which is capable of patterning features at sub-100-nm pitch has been implemented. Initial results demonstrate approximately 50 nm line and space patterns exposed in a commercial deep-UV photoresists. Little line edge roughness is observed, indicating that the intrinsic properties of the resist may meet CD-control requirements to at least 50 nm. In addition, this system may be used to measure the spatial coherence of the 157-nm F2 laser source. Preliminary estimates show that the coherence length is approximately 40 micrometers .
Quantification of edema reduction using differential quantitative T2 (DQT2) relaxometry mapping in recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab

The purpose of the current study was to quantify the reduction in T2 signal abnormality accompanying administration of the anti-angiogenic drug bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) patients using a voxel-wise differential quantitative T2 (DQT2) mapping technique. Twenty-six patients with recurrent GBM treated with bevacizumab were scanned before and 4-6 weeks after treatment on a 1.5T clinical MR scanner. Quantitative T2 maps were created from proton density and T2-weighted images acquired using a standard multi-echo fast-spin echo sequence. T2 maps after treatment were co-registered with T2 maps prior to treatment in the same patient, and then voxel-wise subtraction was performed to create DQT2 maps for each patient. Results suggest DQT2 maps allow visualization and quantification of voxel-wise T2 changes resulting from anti-VEGF therapy. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in T2 within pre-treatment T2 abnormal regions (mean reduction = 49.4 ms at 1.5T) following anti-VEGF treatment (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.0001). An elevated residual, post-treatment, median T2 was predictive of both progression-free (Log-rank, P = 0.0074) and overall survival (Log-rank, P = 0.0393).
Nonlinear least-squares method via an isomorphic geometrical setup

The resolution of a nonlinear parametric adjustment model is addressed through an isomorphic geometrical setup with tensor structure and notation, represented by a u-dimensional “model surface” embedded in a flat n-dimensional “observational space”. Then observations correspond to the observational-space coordinates of the pointQ, theu initial parameters correspond to the model-surface coordinates of the “initial” pointP, and theu adjusted parameters correspond to the model-surface coordinates of the “least-squares” point\(\bar P\). The least-squares criterion results in a minimum-distance property implying that the vector\(\bar P\)Q must be orthogonal to the model surface. The geometrical setup leads to the solution of modified normal equations, characterized by a positive-definite matrix. The latter contains second-order and, optionally, thirdorder partial derivatives of the observables with respect to the parameters. This approach significantly shortens the convergence process as compared to the standard (linearized) method.