cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liver cell adenoma at the age of 3 years and transplantation 19 years later after development of carcinoma: A case report

A 3-yr-old child underwent biopsy of a nonresectable liver cell adenoma. She was well thereafter, but at the age of 22 yr, she underwent orthotopic liver transplantation because the lesion had grown. The α-fetoprotein level was 4,300. The specimen showed poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver. At this writing, the patient is well 32 mo after transplantation. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:583–585.)
Enhancing thermoelectric properties of organic composites through hierarchical nanostructures

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are very attractive due to easy processing, material abundance and environmentally-benign characteristics, but their potential is significantly restricted by the inferior thermoelectric properties. In this work, noncovalently functionalized graphene with fullerene by π-π stacking in a liquid-liquid interface was integrated into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate). Graphene helps to improve electrical conductivity while fullerene enhances the Seebeck coefficient and hinders thermal conductivity, resulting in the synergistic effect on enhancing thermoelectric properties. With the integration of nanohybrids, the electrical conductivity increased from ~10000 to ~70000 S/m, the thermal conductivity changed from 0.2 to 2 W·K−1m−1 while the Seebeck coefficient was enhanced by around 4-fold. As a result, nanohybrids-based polymer composites demonstrated the figure of merit (ZT) as high as 6.7 × 10−2, indicating an enhancement of more than one order of magnitude in comparison to single-phase filler-based polymer composites with ZT at the level of 10−3.
A study of factors that contribute to online review helpfulness

The findings suggest that word count has a threshold in its effects on review helpfulness.Reviewer experience and their impact were not statistically significant predictors of helpfulness.Past helpfulness records tended to predict future helpfulness ratings.Characteristics of reviewers and review messages have a varying degree of impact on review helpfulness. Helpfulness of online reviews is a multi-faceted concept that can be driven by several types of factors. This study was designed to extend existing research on online review helpfulness by looking at not just the quantitative factors (such as word count), but also qualitative aspects of reviewers (including reviewer experience, reviewer impact, reviewer cumulative helpfulness). This integrated view uncovers some insights that were not available before. Our findings suggest that word count has a threshold in its effects on review helpfulness. Beyond this threshold, its effect diminishes significantly or becomes near non-existent. Reviewer experience and their impact were not statistically significant predictors of helpfulness, but past helpfulness records tended to predict future helpfulness ratings. Review framing was also a strong predictor of helpfulness. As a result, characteristics of reviewers and review messages have a varying degree of impact on review helpfulness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Housing Development in Nigeria's New Capital at Abuja

Abstract: Nigeria's new capital at Abuja was chiefly intended to enhance national unity, by ensuring equitable access for all citizens irrespective of demographic or socioeconomic background. However, after a decade and a half of implementation, Abuja promises to become a city of disharmony, a divisive element to further erode the Nigerian Polity.
FGF23 directly impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by increasing superoxide levels and reducing nitric oxide bioavailability

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is secreted primarily by osteocytes and regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Elevated levels of FGF23 are clinically associated with endothelial dysfunc...
Loading and control policies for a flexible manufacturing system

Abstract An experimental investigation of operating strategies for a computer-controlled flexible manufacturing system is reported. The system is a real one, consisting of nine machines, an inspection station and a centralized queueing area—all interconnected by an automatic material-handling mechanism. The operating strategies considered involve policies for loading (allocating operations and tooling to machines) and real-time flow control. A detailed simulation was employed to test alternatives. The results are different from those of classical job shop scheduling studies, showing the dependence of system performance on the loading and control strategies chosen to operate this flexible manufacturing system. Loading and control methods are defined that significantly improve the system's production rate when compared to methods which were previously applied to the system. Finally, some conclusions are presented concerning the control of these automated systems.
Fungi on Juncus roemerianus*: new coelomycetes with notes on Dwayaangam junci

Pycnodallia dupla gen. sp. nov. and Hymenopsis chlorothrix sp. nov. are described from saltmarsh Juncus roemerianus in North Carolina. Conidiomata of P. dupla develop on senescent inflorescences and involucral leaves, between 40 and 60 cm above the rhizome, therefore, the species can be considered as facultative marine. Conidiomata of H. chlorothrix are found on dead culms, 16–43 cm above the rhizome. This species is classified as obligately marine. Dwayaangam junci , the anamorph of Orbilia junci , has been found for the first time in nature. Conidia develop on the medulla of leaves, in lesions caused by grasshoppers.
Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia according to compliance with recommendations of infectious diseases specialists: experience with 244 patients.

To determine whether recommendations of infectious diseases specialists affect outcome for patients, we evaluated 244 hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We offered our management recommendations to each patient's physicians and then assessed the clinical outcome for both patients for whom our consultative advice was followed and those for whom our advice was not heeded. All patients were followed up for 12 weeks after their first positive blood culture. Our management advice was followed for 112 patients (45.9%) and partially or completely ignored for 132 patients (54.1%). Patients for whom our recommendations were followed were more likely to be cured of their S. aureus infection and less likely to relapse (P < .01), despite having significantly more metastatic infections (P < .01) at the outset of therapy, than were those for whom our recommendations were not followed. Failure to follow recommendations to remove an infected intravascular device was the most important risk for treatment failure. After controlling for other factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that patients whose intravascular device was not removed were 6.5 times more likely to relapse or die of their infection than were those whose device was removed. Our findings suggest that patient-specific management advice by infectious diseases consultants can improve the clinical outcome for patients with S. aureus bacteremia.
Effects of feeding diets containing bacitracin methylene disalicylate to heat-stressed finishing pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress and dietary bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immunological responses in finishing pigs. Four groups of 32 finishing pigs (n = 128) with initial BW between 80 to 90 kg were used. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-distillers grains-based control or BMD (31.5 mg/kg) diet for a 14-d adaptation period at the thermal neutral temperature (23°C), and continued to be fed their respective diets when exposed to a constant temperature (23°C) or a cyclical heat stress environment (37°C from 1000 to 1900 h and 27°C from 1900 to 1000 h) for a 28-d experimental period. Each group of pigs was housed in 4 rooms, with 2 pens/room and 4 pigs/pen. Saliva samples from each pig were collected on d -1 (initial baseline), 1, 13, and 27 for cortisol analysis. Concentrations of haptoglobin, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined in serum samples on d -1, 1, 13, and 27. Pigs exposed to heat stress had 31% less ADG (P < 0.001), 23% less ADFI (P < 0.001), 9% less G:F (P < 0.001), and 34% greater average daily water intake (P = 0.03) than those in the non-heat-stress conditions. Dietary BMD tended to reduce ADG (P < 0.07) compared with the control (0.66 vs. 0.73 kg/d, respectively). Heat stress increased (P < 0.05) saliva cortisol on d 1, but no effects were observed on subsequent days. Serum haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in heat-stressed pigs on d 1, and concentrations tended to remain greater (P < 0.1) on d 13. Pigs fed the BMD diet tended to have a longer villus height (P = 0.07) in the duodenum and greater crypt depths in the duodenum (P = 0.09) and jejunum (P = 0.07). Heat-stressed pigs tended to have a decreased proportion of propionate (P = 0.08), greater acetate:propionate (P = 0.08), and a reduced proportion of valerate (P = 0.02) in the cecum. These results indicate that BMD did not counteract the negative effects of heat stress on growth performance, but BMD appears to increase villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum. Furthermore, heat stress appears to alter VFA production in finishing pigs.
Nitride Band-Structure Model in a Quantum Well Laser Simulator

The two-dimensional quantum well laser simulator VLS (visible laser simulator) has been extended to simulate III- V nitride based lasers. In this paper, we focus on the six band k.p solver used to calculate the electronic band structure. The effects of strain on bulk and quantum well band structures are analyzed.
Richard Rorty and the pragmatic turn in the study of religion

Recent interest in the pragmatic tradition draws much of its impetus from the work of Richard Rorty and his critics. This paper argues that Rorty's late interest in religion derives from his abiding interests in American liberalism and not specifically from his Pragmatism. Students of religion, however, have much to learn from the pragmatic tradition and over the last 25 years work by Wayne Proudfoot, Jeffrey Stout, and others has been important in establishing a pluralist approach to the study of religion that avoids the pitfalls of foundationalism, essentialism, and dogmatism in understanding religion and religious phenomena. The continued pursuit of this approach, the essay concludes, will help students of religion avoid unnecessary worries about theories and methods.
Postcranial skeleton of a Neandertal child from Kiik-Koba, U.S.S.R

Abstract A study of the skeletal remains of a Neandertal child from Kiik-Koba has brought to light some features that are typical of adult Neandertal individuals from Europe. Therefore, the ascertained differences in the proportions of the individual parts of upper and lower limbs, as well as a number of marked morphological features, such as the robusticity of ribs, typical Neandertal features of the scapula, curving of forearm bones, back-to-front curving of the femoral diaphysis, retroversion of the upper epiphysis of the tibia, and robusticity of long bones in the Neandertal individual at the age of infans I, may be regarded as phylogenetically ingrained ones. These may in their turn be considered diagnostic features, of importance in determining the phylogenetic classification of postcranial skeletal remains in the development of man.
A human urine standard reference material for accurate assessment of arsenic exposure

Arsenic is a toxic element, and the toxicity of the element is dependent on its molecular form. Accurate assessments of arsenic exposure require the measurement of a complete panel of inorganic, organic, and metabolite arsenic species in urine, including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), arsenobetaine (AB), and arsenocholine (AC). A certified reference material (CRM) containing the panel of arsenic species in urine is needed for method validation and quality assurance of assessment measurements. Until now, such a CRM was unavailable, due in part to the difficulty in stabilizing arsenic species, especially As(III). For the first time, O2 in the ambient atmosphere was determined to be the primary cause for the instability of As(III) in an aqueous matrix, and a procedure was developed to stabilize the panel of arsenic species in a dark, low temperature (<−70 °C), and oxygen-free environment. Standard Reference Material® (SRM) 2669 arsenic species in frozen human urine has been developed to meet the needs in arsenic exposure measurements in general and to support National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), in particular. SRM 2669 is certified for each arsenic species mentioned above at two concentration levels intended to proximate the 50th percentile and 95th percentile distribution in the US population (concentrations of As(III), As(V), AC, and TMAO in the SRM are adjusted upward of the target percentiles to be above the method detection limits). The SRM was jointly produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measurements leading to the certification were made collaboratively at NIST, CDC, and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey.
Disrupted seasonal clockwork in the population dynamics of a freshwater copepod by climate warming

Life history responses are expected to accompany climate warming, yet little is known how long-term effects of climate and environmental change affect the seasonal dynamics of planktonic organisms. We used an historical data set from Lake Washington (U.S.A.) to quantify population responses of a calanoid copepod (Leptodiaptomus ashlandi) to long-term changes in temperature and resource availability and explore potential mechanisms for the responses. Increasing water temperatures (annual mean increase of 1.5uC in the upper 10-m water volume) and longer stratification periods (about 4 weeks) were observed between 1962 and 2005, coincident with a pronounced decline in Leptodiaptomus densities. However, production was maintained because of an increase in the production to biomass ratio and a life cycle shift in Leptodiaptomus from an annual to a 6-month cycle. Cross-wavelet analyses demonstrated that the annual thermal forcing of copepod recruitment observed during the first two decades of the study weakened substantially, leading to more stochastic population dynamics during the past two decades. This shift from one to two generations per year was most likely produced by a longer and warmer growing period combined with changing fluctuations in resource (phytoplankton) availability. Climate change can lead to higher-frequency voltinism in ectothermic organisms and to temporal reorganization of their population dynamics.
Higher approximations in boundary-layer theory Part 1. General analysis

Prandtl's boundary-layer theory is embedded as the first step in a systematic scheme of successive approximations for finding an asymptotic solution for viscous flow at large Reynolds number. The technique of inner and outer expansions is used to treat this singular-perturbation problem. Only analytic semi-infinite bodies free of separation are considered. The second approximation is analysed in detail for steady laminar flow past plane or axisymmetric solid bodies. Attention is restricted to low speeds and small temperature changes, so that the velocity field is that for an incompressible fluid, the temperature field being calculated subsequently. The additive effects are distinguished of longitudinal curvature, transverse curvature, external vorticity, external stagnation enthalpy gradient, and displacement speed. The effect of changing co-ordinates is examined, and the behaviour of the boundary-layer solution far downstream discussed. Application to specific problems will be made in subsequent papers.
A comparison of the motion tracking of 2-D ultrasonic B-mode tissue images with a calibrated phantom

In evaluating tissue motion, it is necessary to know the precision and relative error associated with correlation tracking as a function of distance. Quantitative estimates of tissue compressibility, elasticity, lesion mobility and other mechanical properties of tissue are largely based on tissue displacements and in the accuracy and precision of its estimation. To quantify the uncertainty of speckle tracking, the motion of a tissue phantom was tracked and compared with known displacements. For planar translations, a relative tracking error ranging from 14% to 18% was found for tissue displacements ranging from 2.0 mm to 14.1 mm. Simulated tracking was performed for six translational and rotational motions. These results suggest that computational estimates of tissue velocity, compressibility, elasticity and mobility should be based on an overall uncertainty of +or-18% relative to known tissue displacements between 2.0 mm and 14.1 mm. >
Manner of death and circumstances in fatal poisonings: evidence from New Jersey.

Objective: The objective of this study is to use a new data set to compare the circumstances of fatal poisoning in deaths ruled as suicides to those ruled as unintentional, particularly with regard to the prevalence of mental health, substance abuse, and other risk factors. Design: The design is an analysis of all fatal poisonings using data from the New Jersey Violent Death Reporting System. Patients or subjects: Decedents in New Jersey in 2003 whose cause of death was fatal poisoning, and whose manner of death was unintentional, intentional, or undetermined. Main outcome measures: The relation between risk factors, circumstances of death, and coded manner of death, particularly for those with both mental health and substance abuse related risk factors. Results: The prevalence of mental health risk factors was considerably higher among intentional poisonings (59.4% v 24.4%, p Conclusions: Substance abuse, mental health, and physical health problems were the most frequently cited risk factors for unintentional and intentional poisoning fatalities. There were many differences in characteristics and risk factors by manner of death. Those with physical health problems were more similar in terms of demographic characteristics and presence of other risk factors.
Contingency, Narrative, Fiction: Vogler, Brenkman, Poe

Discussions of the relationship between narrative fiction and human behavior frequently address distinctions between material readers and discursive characters. Many recent accounts of the relationship between reader and character, including work from Lisa Zunshine, Richard Walsh, and William Flesch, attend to how characters behave as models that do or do not inform the behavior of their readership. Both Candace Vogler’s “The Moral of the Story” and John Brenkman’s “On Voice,” though from different angles, explore the implications of using fictional bodies as model subjects or test cases. Both writers discuss specific elements of narrative fiction—Volger, characterlogical stasis; Brenkman, novel voice—which they suggest impact the historical and/or ethical relationship between narrated and material worlds. Though each characterizes this relationship differently, both interpretive models argue against direct, univocal communication between the elusive “real” and what Wolfgang Iser calls the “fictionalizing act, which converts the realities concerned into a sign for something other than themselves” (Iser, para 8). Vogler, for her part, positions the divide in terms of fictional narrative’s lack of fully realized psychological motivation: “[W]hether or not ‘moral thinking lives and breathes’ in novels,” she writes, “practical reason—reason in and toward action—does not” (35). Brenkman, aiming to bolster novel theory against the offenses of narratology, implies that the latter “installs a semblance of authorial consciousness” that is overly “sovereign and unified,” a semblance that has encouraged contemporary, narratology-influenced interpretation to “drif[t] […] into thematic even allegorical criticism (291, 281). 1 Nevertheless, though he does not view it as monological, Brenkman does suggest that “the voice of the novel emerges as the writer’s creation, putting his intentions and purposes openly at stake in the narration itself” (285). At issue in both these formulations is the interpreter’s capacity to isolate the characterological act—whether reference or comment, intention or invitation—from that of the authorial or textual. As it treats the specific conditions of fictional narrative, this paper argues for a plural methodol
Revisiting pedagogical content knowledge: the pedagogy of content/the content of pedagogy

Abstract This paper revisits the prevalent concept of pedagogical content knowledge and examines how (and when) each of its components works with/on/against the other in the production of meaning and experience in the educative process. Its purpose is not simply to suggest that content and pedagogy need to come together to provide for powerful teaching—such an argument has already been forcefully made by those writing about pedagogical content knowledge in the last two decades—but, rather, to suggest that content and pedagogy are already interrelated and that powerful teaching (and powerful means for learning to teach) are an outcome of recognizing that interrelationship. Using the literature from critical pedagogy and cultural studies, this paper argues that teacher education's focus on pedagogical content knowledge should move beyond the idea of teaching students how to pedagogize pedagogically free content to helping them recognize the inherently pedagogical nature of content and its implications for (and in) teaching.
Comparison of alternative regression models for paired binary data

We used simulated data, derived from real ophthalmologic examples, to evaluate the performance of alternative logistic regression approaches for paired binary data. Approaches considered were: standard logistic regression (ignoring the correlation between fellow eyes, treating individuals classified on the basis of their more impaired eye as the unit of analysis, or considering only right eyes); marginal logistic regression models fitted by the maximum likelihood approach of Lipsitz, Laird and Harrington or the estimating equation approach of Liang and Zeger; and conditional logistic regression models fitted by the maximum likelihood approach of Rosner or the estimating equation approach of Connolly and Liang. Taylor series approximations were used to compare conditional and marginal parameter estimates. Consideration of type I and II error rates found application of standard logistic regression to be inferior to methods that treated the eye as the unit of analysis and accounted for the correlation between fellow eyes. Among these latter approaches, none was uniformly superior to the others across the range of condition considered.
Pulsed NMR magnetometers for CESR

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) has recently begun an operating program spanning a wide energy range, from 1.5 to 5.4 GeV. Wide-range magnetometers are necessary for accurate control of the bending fields. These have been implemented using the principal of pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The required field range has been achieved by using a high impedance preamplifier in the field probe to isolate the detection coil, and resonating the coil with high-ratio tuning diodes. A probe installed in a CESR standard bend magnet has been operated continuously from 350 to 2450 gauss using water as the resonance medium, and a second probe in a high field bend magnet has been operated from 860 to 6725 gauss, also using water.
Exportin 1 Mediates Nuclear Export of the Kinetoplastid Spliced Leader RNA

The kinetoplastid protozoan spliced leader (SL) RNA is the common substrate pre-mRNA utilized in all trans-splicing reactions. Here we show by fluorescence in situ hybridization that the SL RNA is present in the cytoplasm of Leishmania tarentolae and Trypanosoma brucei. Treatment with the karyopherin-specific inhibitor leptomycin B was toxic to T. brucei and eliminated the cytoplasmic SL RNA, suggesting that cytoplasmic SL RNA was dependent on the nuclear exporter exportin 1 (XPO1). Ectopic expression of xpo1 with a C506S mutation in T. brucei conferred resistance to leptomycin B. A reduction in SL RNA 3′ extension removal and 5′ methylation of nucleotide U4 was observed in wild-type T. brucei treated with leptomycin B, suggesting that the cytoplasmic stage is necessary for SL RNA biogenesis. This study demonstrates spatial and mechanistic similarities between the posttranscriptional trafficking of the kinetoplastid protozoan SL RNA and the metazoan cis-spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs.
The Psychological, Social, and Medical Needs of Lower Socioeconomic Status Mothers of Asthmatic Children

Extensive clinical literature describes parental reactions and stages of adjustment to chronic illnesses of their children, but such observations have not yet been empirically demonstrated. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, the present study examined the psychological/emotional, social/instrumental, and medical/educational problems experienced by lower socio-economic status (SES) mothers of 45 asthmatic children as a function of the length of time that had elapsed since the diagnosis of their children's illness. Data analysis indicated that the problem areas did not vary with the length of time since diagnosis. The majority of mothers reported difficulties related to their children's illness in each area.
Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants

Salt and drought stress signal transduction consists of ionic and osmotic homeostasis signaling pathways, detoxification (i.e., damage control and repair) response pathways, and pathways for growth regulation. The ionic aspect of salt stress is signaled via the SOS pathway where a calcium-responsive SOS3-SOS2 protein kinase complex controls the expression and activity of ion transporters such as SOS1. Osmotic stress activates several protein kinases including mitogen-activated kinases, which may mediate osmotic homeostasis and/or detoxification responses. A number of phospholipid systems are activated by osmotic stress, generating a diverse array of messenger molecules, some of which may function upstream of the osmotic stress-activated protein kinases. Abscisic acid biosynthesis is regulated by osmotic stress at multiple steps. Both ABA-dependent and -independent osmotic stress signaling first modify constitutively expressed transcription factors, leading to the expression of early response transcriptional activators, which then activate downstream stress tolerance effector genes.
Radiative properties in planar printed vivaldi antenna array

An array of three Vivaldi antennas, also called a planar horn design, is constructed using standard planar printing technology. The frequency range studied is between 2 and 12 GHz. The advantage of these structures is the design simplicity, cheap cost, small size, low weight, and portability for mobile applications. The characteristics of the pattern in the E and H planes for the individual antenna element and the array structure are presented here. For array structure, the separation between elements is a critical parameter that determines the mutual coupling and the overall array pattern in the far field due to the phase difference between antenna elements. The dependency of the beamwidth on the distance of separation between antenna elements is presented.
Introduction to simulation

The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce the basic concepts of simulation, specifically discrete event simulation. Reasons for using simulation as a tool for decision making are presented, along with the process of conducting a simulation study. Types of available simulation software and statistical problems and considerations in simulation are also reviewed.
Decreased response to calcitonin in osteopetrotic microphthalmic mouse bone

OSTEOPETROSIS is an autosomal recessive disease characterised by an increase in skeletal mass, often associated with retarded bone growth and a deficiency of marrow cavity development, which is related to a failure of bone resorption to keep pace with bone formation1,2. The disease has been studied in man and in several genetic mouse and rat mutants1. These mutants generally have diminished osteoclast function in the skeleton based on a lack of ruffled borders1,3, lowered acid phosphatase activity4 and a lower level of parathormone-induced resorption in vivo3,5 and in vitro6. It seems that osteo-petrosis has a cellular basis as it can be cured by parabiosis with a normal littermate7 or by administration of spleen or bone marrow cells8. However, the only report examining bone cell metabolism in osteopetrosis indicates that in the calvarium of the osteopetrotic incisor-absent rat, parathormone affects adenylate cyclase activity and lactic acid production to the same extent as in the bone from normal littermates9. Recently, specific hormone-sensitive biochemical activities in intact bone in culture10,11 or in cultured bone cells12,13 have been associated with the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Based on these biochemical parameters we show here that in osteopetrotic (micropthalmic) bone there is a defect in calcitonin response attributable to osteoclast function whereas osteoblast activity is apparently normal.
Modified reperfusion and ischemia-reperfusion injury in human lung transplantation

Abstract Objective Ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in clinical lung transplantation. Interaction of activated leukocytes with injured graft endothelial cells participates in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We sought to determine if modification of the reperfusate (with depletion of leukocytes and alteration of its composition) would decrease the incidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury in human lung transplantation when compared with whole blood reperfusion in a historical group of patients. Methods Between June 1999 and July 2001, 23 adult patients undergoing lung transplantation consented to modified reperfusion. After implantation, a catheter was inserted into the main or individual pulmonary arteries, and modified reperfusate was administered at a pressure less than 20 mm Hg. The modified reperfusate was depleted of leukocytes, supplemented with nitroglycerin, adjusted for pH and calcium level, and enriched with aspartate, glutamate, and dextrose. After 10 minutes of modified reperfusion, the removal of pulmonary artery clamp or weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass was performed per usual protocol. Age- and diagnosis-matched historical patients served as the control group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was defined as Pao 2 /Fio 2 Results There was no difference in donor age or oxygenation indices, recipient age, the number of patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, ischemia time, and recipient oxygenation indices between the modified reperfusate group and the control group. However, none of the patients in the modified reperfusate group developed ischemia-reperfusion injury in contrast to 5 patients in the control group ( P P = NS). Conclusion This study suggests that modification of the reperfusate content decreases the incidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury in human lung transplantation when compared with whole blood reperfusion in a historical group of patients. Modified reperfusate may allow acceptance of marginal lungs and expansion of the donor pool.
Temporary tracheal occlusion in fetal sheep with lung hypoplasia does not improve postnatal lung function.

Prolonged fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) accelerates lung growth but leads to loss of alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells. In contrast, temporary TO leads to recovery of AE2 cells and their abil...
Existence and Pluralism: The Rediscovery of Karl Jaspers

Karl Jaspers has been recognized in psychiatry mostly for his influence on phenomenology and on certain aspects of psychopathology, such as our understanding of delusions. In this paper, I will highlight the need to rediscover Jaspers' work in terms of other important ideas that he can contribute to psychiatry, in particular the concepts of limit situations, transcendence and pluralism. Limit situations refer to the fact that human life is characterized by existential situations, or crises, which become opportunities for authentic existence. Transcendence refers to the notion that freedom is an important aspect of human existence and cannot be explained by purely scientific understanding or encompassed by any purely rationalistic system of thought. Pluralism is perhaps Jaspers' most original perspective, which has still failed to be adequately appreciated by the psychiatric profession. The idea here is that science means understanding the methods by which we obtain knowledge, along with the presuppositions and limits of those methods. Contemporary psychiatry has only a limited appreciation of Jaspers' work. In this paper, I attempt to describe these important concepts that can help us understand what we do in psychiatry, what we should be doing and why.
Control-Based Real-Time Metadata Matching for Information Dissemination

Real-time information dissemination is of increasing importance to our society. Existing work mainly focuses on delivering information from sources to sinks in a timely manner based on established subscriptions, with the assumption that those subscriptions are persistent. However, the bottleneck of many real-time information dissemination systems is actually the matching process to continuously reevaluate such subscriptions between numerous sources and numerous sinks, in response to dynamically varying information attributes at runtime. In this paper, we propose a feedback controller to adaptively meet the response time constraints on metadata matching in an example information dissemination system. Our controller features a rigorous design based on well-established feedback control theory for guaranteed control accuracy and system stability. Empirical results on a physical test-bed demonstrate that our controller outperforms both an open-loop solution and a typical heuristic solution, by having more accurate control and better system quality of service.
Reaping the Benefits of Pursuing Self-Esteem Without the Costs? Reply to DuBois and Flay (2004), Sheldon (2004), and Pyszczynski and Cox (2004).

The commentaries on J. Crocker and L. E. Park’s (2004) review suggested that Crocker and Park exaggerated the costs of pursuing self-esteem (K. M. Sheldon, 2004), that it is impossible not to pursue self-esteem (T. Pyszczynski & C. Cox, 2004), and that it is possible to pursue self-esteem in healthy ways, reaping the benefits without the costs (D. L. DuBois & B. R. Flay, 2004). In addressing the comments, the authors first clarify (a) what it means to pursue self-esteem, (b) the connection between having and pursuing self-esteem, and (c) what it means to let go of the pursuit of self-esteem. They then highlight points of overall agreement and disagreement between their view and those expressed in the commentaries and, finally, end with a discussion of future research directions to address the areas of disagreement and to shed further light onto the costs and benefits of pursuing self-esteem.
Quantification of marine snow fragmentation by swimming euphausiids

Sinking of marine snow is a major mechanism of particulate carbon transport from surface waters to the seafloor. Any process altering the abundance or size of marine snow influences carbon flux and food availability to pelagic and benthic organisms. We explored whether zooplankton can alter carbon transport by a new mechanism—physical fragmentation of marine snow. The fluid stress created around the appendages of swimming Euphausia pacificais capable of fragmenting a single aggregate into multiple, smaller aggregates. The reduced size and slower sinking rate of the daughter aggregates may increase their residence time in the water column, promoting decomposition and decreasing particle flux to depth. To determine the importance of fragmentation, tethered and free-swimming euphausiids were videotaped in the presence of marine snow representing a range of aggregate strengths, sizes, and ages. Image analysis was used to characterize the particles prior to and following fragmentation and to determine the area of influence around a single euphausiid. Tethered euphausiids pulled in particles from an average of 6.7 mm away, and most aggregates were fragmented in either the region of the rapidly beating pleopods or in the highvelocity jet that forms off the tail. Euphausiids were capable of fragmenting all aggregate types and produced an average of 7.3 daughter particles, with 60% of these daughter particles remaining within the marine snow size class ( .0.5 mm). Thus, physical fragmentation by swimming euphausiids increases the abundance of marine snow while decreasing overall marine snow mass. This novel process, which alters particle size structure without loss of total particulate organic carbon (POC), will be important in upwelling regions where euphausiids are the dominant macrozooplankton migrators.
Improved Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Assessment With Nonlinear Kernel Regression

The only established technique for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement is an invasive procedure requiring surgically penetrating the skull for placing pressure sensors. However, there are many clinical scenarios where a noninvasive assessment of ICP is highly desirable. With an assumption of a linear relationship among arterial blood pressure (ABP), ICP, and flow velocity (FV) of major cerebral arteries, an approach has been previously developed to estimate ICP noninvasively, the core of which is the linear estimation of the coefficients f between ABP and ICP from the coefficients w calculated between ABP and FV. In this paper, motivated by the fact that the relationships among these three signals are so complex that simple linear models may be not adequate to depict the relationship between these two coefficients, i.e., f and w , we investigate the adoption of several nonlinear kernel regression approaches, including kernel spectral regression (KSR) and support vector machine (SVM) to improve the original linear ICP estimation approach. The ICP estimation results on a dataset consisting of 446 entries from 23 patients show that the mean ICP error by the nonlinear approaches can be reduced to below 6.0 mmHg compared to 6.7 mmHg of the original approach. The statistical test also demonstrates that the ICP error by the proposed nonlinear kernel approaches is statistically smaller than that estimated with the original linear model (p <; 0.05). The current result confirms the potential of using nonlinear regression to achieve more accurate noninvasive ICP assessment.
3.2.5 A Risk Management Approach For Effective COTS Acquisition and Life Cycle Support

The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products as part of an acquisition strategy has continued to present unique challenges to both acquisition and user organizations including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Using a system engineering-based programmatic risk management approach, the FAA has developed a risk mitigation methodology adapted to the acquisition and life cycle support of COTS-based systems. Based on industry and government “lessons-learned”, this methodology addresses COTS-specific risk factors and practical acquisition-phased risk mitigation strategies for both new and existing systems. It also provides a structured COTS obsolescence analysis process to establish the long range-planning horizon needed to effectively support rapidly evolving COTS products. Having developed a COTS Risk Mitigation Guide and associated courseware, the FAA is equipping its personnel with the tools to support more informed program management decision-making as part of the FAA's ongoing National Airspace System (NAS) modernization efforts.
The Outlook for Transfer Programs and the Direction of the Community College.

State-level interest in meeting workforce needs and facilitating adults' baccalaureate attainment is changing conceptions of the applied associate degree and the mission of the community college.
Identification of novel Runx2 targets in osteoblasts: cell type-specific BMP-dependent regulation of Tram2.

Runx2 is an osteoblast master transcription factor and a target for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, but our knowledge of events downstream of Runx2 is limited. In this study, we used ChIP Display to discover seven novel genomic regions occupied by Runx2 in living MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Six of these regions are found within or up to 1-kb away from annotated genes, but only two are found within 5′-gene flanking sequences. One of the newly identified Runx2 target genes is Tram2, whose product facilitates proper folding of type I collagen. We demonstrate that Tram2 mRNA is suppressed in non-osteoblasts when Runx2 is over-expressed, and that this suppression is alleviated upon treatment with BMP-2. Moreover, we show that BMP-induced Runx2 expression in the C3H10T1/2, ST2, C2C12, and MC3T3-E1 cell lines coincides with an increase in Tram2 mRNA levels. Thus, Runx2 may regulate Tram2 expression in a BMP-dependent manner, and Tram2 may participate in the overall osteogenic function of Runx2. Among the other Runx2 target genes discovered in this study are Lnx2, an intracellular scaffolding protein that may play a role in Notch signaling, and Tnfrsf12a, a Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor family member that influences both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Expanding our knowledge of Runx2 target genes, and manipulation of these genes, are warranted to better understand the regulation of osteoblast function and to provide opportunities for the development of new bone anabolics. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1458–1471, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of synchronization with host plant phenology occur early in the larval development of a spring folivore

Early spring feeding Lepidoptera depend on synchronization of larval emergence with host plant phenology for optimal growth and development. Physical and chemical characteristics of foliage change over the course of the growing season, and a delay in larval emergence therefore results in larvae foraging on lower quality food. We examine the effect of synchronization of larval emergence with leaf phenology on the entire larval stage of the forest tent caterpillar, Malaco- soma disstria Hubner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Caterpillars were reared from egg hatch to pupation on trem- bling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx; 10 days separated egg hatch in the early and late treatments. Late-hatching caterpillars experienced reduced growth in the early instars, but growth in the later instars did not differ between treat- ments. Reduced growth early in development resulted in both prolongation of the larval stage through the occurrence of ad- ditional instars, and lower pupal mass. Aspen foliage quality changes rapidly during leaf expansion, and the late-hatching caterpillars likely missed the narrow window of opportunity for young larvae to feed on high-quality developing foli-
Contextual constraints on noun distributions to some English verbs by children and adults

The cloze procedure was used to obtain noun distributions for subjects and objects of 36 common English transitive verbs in active and passive sentence frames. For third and sixth grade and college students, the subject nouns selected were more human and animate than object nouns, linguistic selectional rules correctly predicted relative animacy, humanness, and informational uncertainty for each function, and subject-object interacted on all these properties with active-passive. Distributions obtained from adults contained more inanimate nouns (where permissible), more information uncertainty, and had smaller intersections with each other than complementary distributions obtained from children.
A Note on Optimally Dissecting Simplices

We show that a certain dissection policy for n-simplices based on barycentric subdivision comes within a constant factor, independent of n, of the optimal rate of decrease in diameter. This result is of interest in constructing good triangulations for the homotopy algorithms that approximately compute fixed points.
Formal Approach for Route Agility against Persistent Attackers

To proactively defend against denial of service attacks, we propose an agile multipath routing approach called random route mutation (RRM) which combines game theory and constraint satisfaction optimization to determine the optimal strategy for attack deterrence while satisfying security, performance and QoS requirements of the network. Our contribution in this paper is fourfold: (1) we model the interaction between RRM defender and DoS attacker as a game in order to determine the parameters by which the defender can maximize her benefit, (2) we model route selection as a constraint satisfaction optimization and formalize it using Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) to identify efficient practical routes, (3) we provide algorithms for sound and smooth deployment of RRM on conventional as well as software-defined networks, and (4) we develop analytical and experimental models to investigate the effectiveness and limitation of RRM under different network and adversarial parameters. Our analysis and preliminary implementation show that RRM can protect up to 90% of flow packets from being attacked against persistent attackers, as compared with single-path routing schemes. Moreover, our implementation shows that RRM can be efficiently deployed on networks without causing any disruption for flows.
Field Performance of Cut Flower Rose Cultivars in Mississippi

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Rosa, production, fresh flower SUMMARY. Rose (Rosa) cultivars from two breeders, Meilland Star and W. Kordes Sohne, were planted in field beds at Verona, Mississippi, to evaluate cut flower production potential. Seventeen cultivars of an outdoor cut flower series of roses from W. Kordes Sohne and nine cultivars of the Romantica series from Meilland Star were planted in adjacent field beds. The number of stems produced per plant and stem length were measured to assess the field production potential of cut flower stems in Mississippi. Based on 2 years of assessment, the best performing W. Kordes Sohne roses were 'Fantasia Mondiale', 'Masquerade', and 'Pinguin', averaging three to 12 stems/plant per month that were at least 30 cm long, and the best Meilland Star cultivars for outdoor cut flower production were 'Frederic Mistral', 'Michelangelo', 'The McCartney Rose', and 'Traviata', averaging three to 20 stems/plant per month that were at least 30 cm long. These cultivars performed well during the heat of the Mississippi summer.
Applications and Implementation

We propose an alternative solution to the discriminant problem, one that requires little more than a minimum familiarity with linear programming. The approach shows promise for eliminating the complexities of conventional statistical approaches without sacrificing the essential power of existing methods.
Predicting Outcomes after Pregnancy Loss: Results from Studies Using the Perinatal Grief Scale:

There are widely diverse findings in the literature on the types of variables that best predict grief following a pregnancy loss. This article compares the results from twenty-two studies, carried ...