cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Viscosities of cryogenic fluids in the saturated liquid state

Abstract Viscosity measurements reported in the literature for the saturated liquid state of neon, argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and methane were carefully examined and used to modify the concept that the excess viscosity, (μ - μ ∗ ) Ξ, was a unique function of θ R . The information available for these cryogenic fluids indicates that (μ - μ ∗ ) Ξ is a unique function of the excess reduced density, θ R 0 - θ R , where θ R 0 corresponds to the hypothetical reduced density at absolute zero. The relationship involving these excess quantities is of the form, (μ - μ ∗ Ξ = α(θ R 0 - θ R m , where α and m are functions of θ R 0 . Saturated-liquid viscosities calculated for the cryogenic fluids of this study were compared with corresponding experimental values, producing an overall average deviation of 2.85% (230 points) with methane exhibiting a minimum value of 1.42% (22 points) and carbon monoxide a maximum value of 3.62% (15 points).
The gaseous jet in supersonic crossflow

An analytical/numerical model for the deflection and mixing of a single gaseous jet in a supersonic crossflow is presented. The jet cross-section is described in terms of the compressible vortex pair resulting from viscous and impulsive forces acting at the jet periphery, and the vortex pair data are combined with data for the mass and momentum balance along the jet axis in order to model the trajectory and mixing of the injected fluid. A numerical technique is employed to solve for the inviscid outer flow and the position of the bow shock which envelopes the jet. The model is shown to be capable of predicting overall jet penetration (for perfectly or slightly underexpanded jets) to within 10 percent of experimental findings, while requiring only a few seconds of computer time.
Vibrational spectroscopic studies of cation effects in low molecular weight poly(propylene oxide) complexed with lithium, sodium and potassium thiocyanate

Abstract This paper presents the results of room temperature Raman scattering and infrared transmission investigations of an approximately 450 average molecular weight poly(propylene oxide), PPO, complexed with varying concentrations of lithium, sodium and potassium thiocyanate. The strength of interaction between the metal cation and the polymer is observed to increase in the order Li>Na>K. Spectral changes in the OH stretching region show that the cations interact with the alcoholic oxygen atoms as well as the ether oxygen atoms. Frequency shifts in the CH stretching region combined with the growth of splittings and structure in lower frequency bands suggest that increasing complexation is accompanied by changes in the polymer backbone dynamics and structure. The metal-oxygen stretching band is easily identified in the infrared transmission spectra. Finally, cation-dependent frequency shifts of the thiocyanate ion bands indicate the formation of contact ion pairs coordinated at the nitrogen end of the anion.
What does it take to bind CAR

Recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) have been used as reagents for biological studies and therapeutic protocols for the treatment of human patients. The two most commonly used Ads, Ad2 and Ad5, infect a broad range of tissues through interaction with the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor CAR. Both mutational analyses and crystal structure data have established residues in the fiber knob and shaft critical for Ad-CAR binding. In this report we review the contributions of various residues to Ad-CAR binding, taking into consideration the documented cellular tropism of other Ad serotypes.
Stable ploidy levels in long-term callus cultures of loblolly pine.

Ploidy levels were calculated for callus cultures of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), based on nuclear DNA content measured by Feulgen cytophotometry. The nuclear DNA content of initial stem explants showed a predominant 2C condition with less 3C and 4C, in ratios approximating those expected from diploid cells as they replicate DNA in the mitotic cell cycle. Cells with higher ploidy were produced during callus initiation, as indicated by a sharp reduction in the 2C population and a concomitant increase in higher DNA levels up to 8C. A gradual decrease in the higher ploidy levels occurred in subsequent subculture intervals, so that by 18 weeks the diploid nuclear DNA distribution was again observed, with complete elimination of DNA levels greater than 4C. Established callus cultures derived from stem or embryo explants and cultured on three different nutrient media for 48–76 weeks also showed the diploid nuclear DNA distribution with no indication of polyploid cells.
Near-IR retinal laser Doppler velocimetry and flowmetry: new delivery and detection techniques

In laser Doppler velocimetry and flowmetry of the human ocular fundus, near infrared diode lasers, coupled with avalanche photodiode detectors, offer much improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to He–Ne laser delivery and photomultiplier tube detection. The increased signal-to-noise ratio is achieved through increased retinal irradiance and better quantum efficiency of the avalanche photodiode in the near infrared. Furthermore, the small size of the diode lasers allows delivery of two individually steerable beams for simultaneous measurements in different parts of the fundus. Applications are given as illustrations of the capabilities of the system: retinal laser Doppler velocimetry in humans without need for pupil dilatation and optic nerve head laser Doppler flowmetry in the cat using flicker as a stimulus to induce blood flow changes.
Suppression of Thyrotropin Receptor Constitutive Activity by a Monoclonal Antibody with Inverse Agonist Activity

TSH binding to the TSH receptor (TSHR) induces thyrocyte growth and proliferation primarily by activating the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway. Relative to the other glycoprotein hormone receptors, the TSHR has considerable ligand-independent (constitutive) activity. We describe a TSHR monoclonal antibody (CS-17) with the previously unrecognized property of being an inverse agonist for TSHR constitutive activity. This property is retained, even when constitutive activity is extremely high consequent to diverse TSHR extracellular region mutations. A similar effect on an activating mutation at the base of the sixth transmembrane helix (not accessible to direct CS-17 contact) indicates that CS-17 is acting allosterically. Administered to mice in vivo, CS-17 reduces serum T(4) levels. The CS-17 epitope is conformational and a significant portion lies in the C-terminal region of the TSHR leucine-rich domain (residues 260-289). By interacting with the large TSHR extracellular domain, CS-17 is, to our knowledge, the first antibody reported to be an inverse agonist for a member of the G protein receptor superfamily. After humanization of its murine constant region, CS-17 has the potential to be an adjunctive therapeutic agent in athyreotic patients with residual well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma as well as pending definitive treatment in some selected hyperthyroidism states.
Maximum Parsimony on Phylogenetic networks.

Background Phylogenetic networks are generalizations of phylogenetic trees, that are used to model evolutionary events in various contexts. Several different methods and criteria have been introduced for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Maximum Parsimony is a character-based approach that infers a phylogenetic tree by minimizing the total number of evolutionary steps required to explain a given set of data assigned on the leaves. Exact solutions for optimizing parsimony scores on phylogenetic trees have been introduced in the past.
A local identification technique for geotechnical and geophysical systems

Geotechnical structures and natural soil deposits are massive multi-phase particulate systems characterized by the development of localized response mechanisms under extreme loading conditions. Identification and analysis of such systems based on inverse boundary value problem formulations and sparse measurements are generally indeterminate. This paper presents an alternative local inverse problem technique. Point-wise identification analyses of the constitutive behaviour of water-saturated geotechnical and geophysical systems are performed using acceleration and pore pressure records provided by a cluster of closely spaced sensors. The developed novel technique does not require the availability of boundary condition measurements, or solution of an associated boundary value problem. The constitutive behaviour at a specific location of a soil-system is analysed independently of adjacent response mechanisms or material properties. Numerical simulations and centrifuge tests of a soil-retaining wall system are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Thermoregulation in Lizards: Importance of Associated Costs

The Puerto Rican lizard Anolis cristatellus behaviorally regulates body temperature in an open habitat but passively tolerates lower and more variable temperatures in an adjacent forest where basking sites are few and distant. Thermoregulation may be adaptive only when costs resulting from associated losses of time and energy are low.
The Role of the University Supervisor Perceptions of Practicum Students

The purpose of this investigation was to examine perceptions of practicum students regarding the appropriate role of their university supervisor during a field-based experience. Seventy-nine seniors responded to several open-ended questions regarding their supervisor's behavior during the field-based experience. Responses to these questions were then analyzed through a content analysis. Results indicated that students perceived that superviors should fulfill two distinct roles: provider of evaluative feedback and support person.
How Do We Want Others to Decide? Geographical Distance Influences Evaluations of Decision Makers

People who decide on behalf of others can be located at various geographical distances from their clients and constituents. Across five experiments, we examined the role distance plays in evaluations of these decision makers. Specifically, drawing on construal level theory, we examined how the type of information (aggregate or case-specific) that closer and more distant decision makers cited as the basis for their decisions influenced how they were evaluated. We found that people expressed more anger toward (Experiment 1) and were less enthusiastic about (Experiments 2 and 4) more distant decision makers who relied on case-specific (vs. aggregate) information. In addition, we found that people were less enthusiastic about decision makers who relied on case-specific (vs. aggregate) information when evaluators were in a higher-level (vs. lower-level) construal mind-set (Experiments 3 and 5). Implications for how decision makers can manage impressions are discussed.
The effects of elk on aspen in the winter range in Rocky Mountain National Park

National parks face problems in managing wild ungulates and their forage resources, including small park sizes and incomplete protection of winter ranges, absence of major predators, and influences from exterior management activities Our study focuses on the effects of elk Cervus elaphus browsing on aspen Populus tremuloides in the elk winter range of Rocky Mountain National Park Elk can prevent successful regeneration of aspen by suckers, and increase the mortality of established trees Here we quantify the effect of elk on aspen in the elk winter range of the park particularly since the adoption of a policy of “natural regulation” in 1968 We collected a stratified-random sample of aspen cohorts in the elk winter range, and also inside two long-term exclosures In each cohort we tallied live and dead trees by diameter, recorded the height and percentage of stem surface covered by bark-stripping, and estimated the date of regeneration of the cohort using increment cores We also tallied live and dead aspen suckers (young trees < 2 5 in tall) by height and the number of live and dead branches on each sucker Aspen outside the exclosures are declining as evidenced by 1) high mortality among established trees, including entire stands that are dead, 2) low density of live suckers, insufficient to regenerate the stand, 3) suckers that are excessively branched and seldom surviving to reach tree height, and 4) almost no cohort regeneration since adoption of natural regulation Exclosures and early photos of the elk winter range suggest these are anomalous conditions Over the last century, aspen cohorts regenerated only when there were fewer than ca 600 elk on the park's elk winter range, far fewer than the present estimated 1600 head Fire suppression, natural succession, fluctuations in beaver populations, climatic fluctuations, and other factors are of no or lesser importance than elk in the regeneration and survival of aspen cohorts on the elk winter range The decline of aspen is a concern when management is focused on the ecosystem scale rather than simply the scale of wildlife and their primary forage resources
Identifying the Role of Self-Congruence on Shopping Behavior in the Context of U.S. Shopping Malls

A model was developed and tested to explain the effect of self-congruence on key outcomes of shopping experience in terms of shopping values (utilitarian and hedonic values), satisfaction, and loyalty intention in the context of U.S. traditional shopping malls/centers. Self-congruence concerns the fit between a consumer’s self-concept and the image of other shoppers in the shopping malls/centers. Two sets of propositions regarding the role of self-congruence were proposed: (a) self-congruence predicts shopping outcomes and (b) self-congruence moderates the relationships among shopping outcomes. U.S. consumers (N = 508) participated in online surveys. The results showed that self-congruence significantly predicts hedonic shopping value, satisfaction, and loyalty intention. But, self-congruence does not predict utilitarian shopping value; instead, self-congruence moderates the relationship between utilitarian shopping value and satisfaction. The interrelationships among shopping outcomes (utilitarian and he...
Identifiability, exchangeability and confounding revisited

In 1986 the International Journal of Epidemiology published "Identifiability, Exchangeability and Epidemiological Confounding". We review the article from the perspective of a quarter century after it was first drafted and relate it to subsequent developments on confounding, ignorability, and collapsibility.
Variations in Identification of Healthcare-Associated Infections

Objective. Little is known about whether those performing healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance vary in their interpretations of HAI definitions developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Our primary objective was to characterize variations in these interpretations using clinical vignettes. We also describe predictors of variation in responses.Design. Cross-sectional study.Setting. United States.Participants. A sample of US-based members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.Methods. Respondents assessed whether each of 6 clinical vignettes met criteria for an NHSN-defined HAI. Individual- and institutional-level data were also gathered.Results. Surveys were distributed to 143 SHEA Research Network members from 126 hospitals. In total, 113 responses were obtained, representing at least 61 unique hospitals (30 respondents did not identify a hospital); 79.2% (84 of 106 nonmissing responses) wer...
HLPR chair: a novel patient transfer device

In this paper, we briefly describe the design of the Home Lift, Position and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) under the Healthcare Mobility Project. The HLPR Chair was designed to provide independent patient mobility for indoor tasks, such as moving to and placing a person on a toilet or bed, and lift assistance for tasks, such as accessing kitchen or other tall shelves. These functionalities are currently out of reach of most wheelchair users. One of the design motivations of the HLPR Chair is to reduce back injury, typically an important issue in the care of this group. Static and dynamic stability tests of the HLPR Chair prototype were also recently completed and are also described here. The tests followed the appropriate and current wheelchair standards and provide suggestions for improvement to these standards. While the Healthcare Mobility Project has recently ended, stability test methods of a lift wheelchair, such as the HLPR Chair, potentially overlap into forklift standard stability test methods and could be useful to the manufacturing industry.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership and pharmaceutical innovation

Trade agreements are an overlooked area of research and policy analysis that affect market access, pricing and reimbursement decisions by pharmaceutical manufacturers, and research and development decisions in the long term. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the most recent multi-national agreement under considerations that may have profound implications in developed and developing countries in the Pacific Rim. As in the case of other trade arrangements, the TPP negotiations are not transparent, but a major leak of the most recent draft has been published in WikiLeaks. The leaked document has raised a number of concerns about intellectual property rights (IPR) and regulatory data protection (RDP) that have implications for public health and economic policy throughout the region. In particular, IPR and RDP go beyond the minimum standards set under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and may affect drug access negatively by delaying generic drug and biosimilar product availability and by raising prices by removing national regulations dealing with drug pricing and reimbursement. Of particular concern is the establishment of a litigation process where multi-national companies can sue individual countries before a panel of private attorneys who are appointed by the World Bank or United Nations. This paper addresses these concerns along with a commentary on the likelihood of occurring and the need for future research.
The Impact of Access to Consumer Data on the Competitive Effects of Horizontal Mergers

The influence of firms' ability to employ individualized pricing on the welfare consequences of horizontal mergers is examined in location models, where firms may have access to data that identifies consumers' location parameters. In a two-to-one merger, the merger reduces consumer surplus more when firms can price discriminate based on individual preferences compared to when they cannot. However, the opposite holds true in a three-to-two merger, in which the reduction in consumer surplus is substantially lower with individualized pricing than with uniform pricing. Further, the three-to-two merger requires an even lesser marginal cost reduction to justify when an upstream consumer data provider can make exclusive offers for its data to downstream firms.
Subcutaneous meloxicam suspension pharmacokinetics in mice and dose considerations for postoperative analgesia.

Meloxicam is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with a higher selectivity for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). In the laboratory setting, this nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is commonly selected for analgesia in mice and administered every 24 h. This study characterizes the plasma concentration achieved from a dose of 1.6 mg/kg of meloxicam administered once every 24 h subcutaneously for 72 h in male and female C57BL/6 mice. These values were compared, over time, to reference COX-2 inhibition constants for meloxicam. No significant differences in trough plasma concentrations were noted between genders. The plasma concentrations were below the COX-2 IC50 after 12 h. To maintain a plasma concentration at or above the COX-2 whole blood IC50, the study results suggest an administration frequency of every 12 h when using a dose of 1.6 mg/kg in C57BL/6 mice.
Partitioning of plutonium between glass, secondary phases, and contact refractories

A wide variety of plutonium-containing wastes have been generated from both defense and commercial nuclear programs. The Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project (AMWTP) involves the privatized treatment of 65,000 m{sup 3} of mixed TRU and low-level waste that is in storage at DOE's INEEL site. BNFL Inc. leads the commercial team including GTS Duratek, Inc., that has been selected to design, construct, and operate a facility to perform that service. Since vitrification is a potential treatment option, the current study was conducted to investigate issues surrounding the incorporation of the approximately 700 kg of plutonium that is present in the AMWTP waste. A series of glasses were prepared with plutonium (0.5 wt%), with cerium (as a potential surrogate), with both, and with neither. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and optical analyses confirmed that both elements were completely dissolved into the as-melted glasses. Heat treatments forced the formation of secondary phases, which were analyzed for Pu and Ce incorporation. Plutonium-containing glasses were spiked with sulfates and remelted to force the formation of a sulfate salt phase, which was analyzed to determine partitioning of Pu and Ce. Coupons of Monofrax K-3 glass contact refractory were exposed tomore » melts of these glasses for six days at 1208 C using both standard and modified versions of ASTM procedure C621-84. Thickness loss, microstructural alteration, and the extent to which Pu and Ce were incorporated into the material were then determined by methods employing SEM-EDS/wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (WDS). Extreme heat treatments were found to lead to the formation of small amounts (<0.1 vol%) of either (Pu,Ce)O{sub 2}, or PuO{sub 2}, depending upon whether Ce was present or absent, respectively. The Pu level in the sulfate phase was at least a factor of ten below that of the parent glass, and no tendency to concentrate Pu in the K-3 refractory above the level in the parent glass was found.« less
MERLOT: Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching

The paper discusses the Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT) project http://www.merlot.org, which is designed to provide faculty with a source for peer evaluations of online learning modules in specified disciplines. The various aspects of the web based MERLOT are explained and suggestions are made as to how librarians and educators can use MERLOT in their work. Special emphasis will be placed on how librarians can utilize MERLOT to educate faculty on access and assessment of online learning modules and integrate library resources into the curriculum in academic institutions.
study on the immunization coverage rate of EPI vaccines and consistency of vaccination records on different carriers in a county

Objective To know the immunization coverage rate and consistency of vaccination records on different carriers of EPI vaccines. Methods Probability Proportion to Size( PPS) sampling was conducted by selecting 30 villages. Descriptive epidemiology method was conducted to analyse the vaccination rate and consistency of inoculation records. Results The immunization coverage rate of BCG,Hep1,Hep2,Hep3,OPV1, OPV2,OPV3,DPT1,DPT2,DPT3,DPT4,MenA1,MenA2,MV1( or MR / MMR),MV2( or MR / MMR),JE,HepA was 84. 8% ~ 97. 6%,respectively. The timely vaccination rate of the vaccines investigated was 47. 6% ~ 91. 9%,respectively. The entire vaccination rate was 72. 4%. The consistency rate of inoculation records was 45. 9%. Conclusions Both the immunization vaccination rate and the consistency rate of vaccination records on different carriers in the county was low. The management of EPI should be strengthened strongly in the county,and the publicity on EPI should be enhanced to improved public initiatives in vaccination.
The Advantages of Routine Use of Nephrostomy Drainage with Pyeloplasty

AbstractPyeloplasty by a dismembered Y-V plasty technique to correct congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction has been used for 8 years with uniform success. The routine use of a nephrostomy and splinting catheter offers many advantages and no significant disadvantages.
ATOMIC NEUTRAL GAS LASERS

This chapter examines a number of gas laser systems on the basis of fundamental gas discharge processes. A laser is an optical oscillator, and it must consist of a medium with optical gain and a positive feedback system so that oscillation can be produced. The chapter discusses small signal gain, saturation intensity, and amplitude of oscillation. The concept of saturation plays an important role in laser amplifiers and oscillators. The product of the small signal gain and the saturation intensity represents the power that can be extracted per unit length of the amplifier. The chapter examines the Helium–Neon (He–Ne) laser and focuses on the collisions between the helium metastables and neon ground state atoms to produce neon atoms in excited states corresponding to the upper levels of conventional laser transitions. The important processes for pumping the He–Ne laser involve the resonant transfer of energy by inelastic atom–atom collisions between excited helium atoms and ground state neon atoms. The chapter also discusses rate equations, population inversion, and gain.
Electrospun Fibrinogen-Polydioxanone Composite Matrix: Potential for In Situ Urologic Tissue Engineering

Our objective is to demonstrate an electrospun fibrinogen-PDO (polydioxanone) composite scaffold will retain the superior cellular interaction of fibrinogen while producing a product with the functional strength needed for direct implantation. Fibrinogen-PDO composite scaffolds were electrospun with PDO ratios of 0% (pure fibrinogen), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% (pure PDO) and disinfected using standard methods. Scaffolds were seeded with human BSM (bladder smooth muscle cells) and incubated with twice weekly media changes. Samples were removed at 7, 14 and 21 days for evaluation by collagen assay, scanning electron microscopy and histology. Cell seeding and culture demonstrated human BSM readily migrate throughout and remodel electrospun fibrinogen-PDO composite scaffolds with deposition of native collagen. Cell migration and collagen deposition increased with increasing fibrinogen concentration while scaffold integrity increased with increasing PDO concentration. Electrospun fibrinogen-PDO composite structures promote rapid cellular in-growth by human BSM while maintaining structural integrity. The fibrinogen to PDO ratio can be adjusted to achieve the desired properties required for a specific tissue engineering application. Our ultimate objective is to utilize this innovative biomaterial technology to produce an acellular, bioresorbable product that enables in situ tissue regeneration. While there is still much work to be done, these initial findings indicate fibrinogen-PDO composite scaffolds deserve further investigation.
Protein-rich beverage developed using non-GM soybean (R08-4004) and evaluated for sensory acceptance and shelf-life

Protein beverages have been in demand due to an increasing consumers’ interest in healthy eating habit. However, there is an increased concern on the use of genetic modified (GM) ingredient in the food product. This study aimed to develop protein hydrolysate beverages using a non-GM soybean (R08-4004/high protein line) grown in Arkansas. Protein isolate was prepared from the soybean using alkaline method (pH 9.5). Due to its poor solubility in acidic condition, alcalase 2.4 L (food grade protease) hydrolyzed soy protein was used to develop a beverage containing 20 g protein per serving (500 mL). Three flavored beverages: Chai tea (C), tangerine (T), and mixed berries (MB) were prepared using bitter blocker, masking agent, and citric acid to minimize an unpleasant bitter taste developed in the soy hydrolysates. Protein solubility, pH, microbial growth, instrumental color parameters, and turbidity were measured to evaluate the shelf-life stability of the beverages at refrigerated storage (5 °C) for 42 days. Beverages T and MB received overall highest scores from the sensory panel. Citric acid alone or in combination with bitter blocker or masking agent lowered the bitterness. Pasteurization (90–95 °C for 5 min) was effective in preventing microbial growth. Although pH remained constant, decrease in protein solubility and color changes were observed over the storage time in all the three flavored beverages. Cloudiness in beverage C increased over the storage period while beverages T and MB were very stable. Overall, T and MB flavored beverages have the potential for commercial application.
Borderline Personality Disorder: From Stigma to Compassionate Care

More than for other psychiatric disorders, people with BPD are thought to be more capable of controlling their socially “unacceptable” behavior, and yet often they cannot because they do not have the skill set to manage relationships and emotions. And so, and as research as well as my own professional experience shows, the mental health profession responds with less sympathy and optimism toward people who have this disorder. We, the mental health professionals, are to blame for the stigma attached to BPD, and it is up to us to repair the damage. We can do this through compassionate understanding, education, the removal of judgmental language, and the provision of evidence-based care.
Risk Factors for Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Atrial Fibrillation and the Role of Aspirin and Beta Blockers in its Prevention.

Background: Atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) is the most common arrhythmia following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and it increases morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of this arrhythmia using previously identified risk factors and to assess the efficacy of recommended prophylactic beta blocker (BB) therapy in the pre vention of post CABG AF. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart analysis of consecutive patients undergoing elective CABG during 1 year period. Patients who developed new onset AF after the surgery were designated as cases and those who did not, as controls. 41 different variables were analyzed using Chi-square test and inde pendent sample t-test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression model. Results: 23% patients undergoing CABG developed AF during post-operative period. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, use of peri-operative Aspirin (ASA), current smoking, previous history of AF, left atrial size, history of congestive heart failure (CHF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. In terms of prophylactic therapy, preoperative BB did not independently protect against post CABG AF. On multivariate analysis, only age, use of ASA and previous history of AF remained as independent predictors of post CABG AF. Conclusion: In our study population, the use of preoperative BB did not independently decrease the risk of post-CABGAF. Age, peri-operative ASA use and previous history of AF remained strong independent predictors of post- operative AF.
The Spockian Mother: Images of the “Good” Mother in Dr. Spock’s The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, 1946-1992

Dr. Spock’s, The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, one of the best-selling self-help texts of all-time, “second only to the Bible in popularity” (Meakin & Tattersall, 2004) was one of the most influential childcare books in American culture. The author has been both heralded and disparaged as instrumental in the shaping of untold generations. In the present study, we address the rhetorical construction of the Spockian Mother as she is developed during Spock’s tenure from 1946–1992. We employ a feminist rhetorical perspective to examine the progression of Spock’s texts in order to understand how patriarchal images of motherhood are constructed and maintained through Spock’s lifetime and the first 46 years of its publication. We argue that Spock both reinforced and challenged the institution of motherhood; he challenged institutionalized motherhood by encouraging mothers to “trust themselves” while simultaneously conforming to a patriarchal model of motherhood which is at odds with empowered mothering.
Engaging the Senses: Object-based Learning in Higher Education (Chatterjee and Hannan, eds.)

This work is a book review considering the title Engaging the Senses: Object-based Learning in Higher Education edited by Helen Chatterjee and Leonie Hannan.
Synthesis of [13C6]3,4-diaminobenzoic acid as a precursor for stable isotope labeled benzimidazoles

Abstract The synthesis of [ 13 C 6 ]3,4-diaminobenzoic acid from commercially available [ 13 C 6 ]aniline is described in six steps. Salient features of this route include the preparation of a differentially protected 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile, hydrogen gas free aromatic nitro group reduction with ammonium formate and facile benzimidazole ring closure of the ortho -arylenediamine with triethylorthoformate. This stable-labeled 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid is an ideal [M+6]isotopomer to synthesize complex benzimidazole fragments for mass spectrometry internal assays.
Pedagogical Questions in Parent-Child Conversations.

Questioning is a core component of formal pedagogy. Parents commonly question children, but do they use questions to teach? This article defines “pedagogical questions” as questions for which the questioner already knows the answer and intended to help the questionee learn. Transcripts of parent–child conversations were collected from the CHILDES database to examine the frequency and distribution of pedagogical questions. Analysis of 2,166 questions from 166 mother–child dyads and 64 father–child dyads (child's age between 2 and 6 years) showed that pedagogical questions are commonplace during day-to-day parent–child conversations and vary based on child's age, family environment, and historical era. The results serve as a first step toward understanding the role of parent–child questions in facilitating children's learning.
The misleading electrocardiogram – Midventricular Takotsubo masquerading as anterior wall STEMI

Abstract Midventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a relatively rare variant of stress induced cardiomyopathy, wherein there is akinesis of only the mid-ventricular segment with or without hyperkinesis of apical and basal ventricular segments. The ECG findings of TC typically do not include ST segment elevation in V1-V2 and are unlikely to be associated with reciprocal changes in inferior leads. The presence of these changes argues strongly in favor of anterior wall STEMI. In our patient, the ECG had changes strongly suggestive of STEMI, however had normal coronaries on cardiac catheterization. This case highlights the importance of carefully analyzing the ECG in emergency situations for differences between TC and STEMI and when in doubt, cardiac catheterization should be pursued.
Difficult to Treat Focal, Stiff Person Syndrome of the Left Upper Extremity

Background. Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by muscle rigidity. It is a disorder of reduced GABA activity leading to increased muscle tone and often painful spasms. It generally presents in the axial musculature but rarely can involve only one limb, typically a lower extremity. In rare cases it can be paraneoplastic which generally resolves on treatment of the underlying neoplasm. Case Report. A 46-year-old male with a history of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in remission presented with left upper extremity pain secondary to a diagnosis of Stiff Person Syndrome limited to his left upper extremity. He had previously benefitted from plasmapheresis and was on diazepam and baclofen at home with relatively good control of his symptoms. SPS had previously been diagnosed with EMG and anti-GAD-65 antibody titers and was confirmed by an elevated anti-GAD-65 antibody titer. He was treated with plasmapheresis and maximum doses of medical treatment including botulinum toxin with only transient mild improvement in his symptoms. Conclusion. This case represents a case of a rare disease that was refractory to all known therapies. It outlines the need for further understanding of this disorder in order to provide better symptomatic treatment or potentially more definitive care.
A 0.66e rms − Temporal-Readout-Noise 3-D-Stacked CMOS Image Sensor With Conditional Correlated Multiple Sampling Technique

This paper presents a sub-electron temporal readout noise, 8.3 Mpixel and 1.1- $\mu \text{m}$ pixel pitch 3-D-stacked CMOS image sensor (CIS). A conditional correlated multiple sampling (CMS) technique is introduced to selectively reduce the dark pixel noise by using a full-range ramp and a small-range ramp. In this way, a sub-electron temporal readout noise CIS is achieved without degrading the frame rate dramatically, compared to the conventional CMS method. A column-parallel single slope ADC with dark pixel detection function is proposed as well. A dynamic-dark-signal-region detection technique is used to mitigate differential nonlinearity (DNL) errors due to ramp slope mismatch. The implemented prototype in 45-nm CIS/65-nm CMOS occupies an area of 35.89 mm2. This paper achieves a 0.66erms− with 5-time sampling at a frame rate of 7.2 frames/s, which corresponds to a sample-rate frequency of 36.1 kHz for the column ADC. The DNL (11 b) is improved from +0.98 LSB/−0.94 LSB to +0.29 LSB/−0.39 LSB by using dynamic dark-signal region technique. The figure of merit of this paper is 2.02 nVrms/Hz.
Administration of Childhood Physical and Childhood Sexual Abuse Screens in Adolescents and Young Adults: a Literature Review

Abstract Background Childhood physical and sexual abuse can have a negative impact on adolescents and young adults. Although effective interventions that can ameliorate both the short- and long-term negative impacts are available, many adolescent and young adult victims remain without help: They rarely self-identify as victims, and health care providers generally fail to inquire about a history of childhood abuse, especially in the absence of physical signs. The health care field lacks an understanding of effective methods for the identification of childhood abuse. Objectives To address this knowledge gap, this paper focuses on a systematic review of the literature for studies comparing modes of administration of measures to identify a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse in adolescents and young adults. Methods A systematic review of the literature published in English in peer-reviewed journals between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2014 was conducted to identify studies that compared 2 or more modes of administration using the same measure to identify a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse in adolescent and young adult populations. Studies that compared 2 or more different measures for identifying abuse were not included in this review because the focus of the review was to isolate the effects of the mode of administration. Findings Only 1 study that met review criteria was found. It was conducted among female college students in a university setting. No studies were identified that compared modes of administration used to elicit disclosure of a history of childhood abuse among adolescents. Conclusions There remains an urgent need to conduct evaluations of methods to identify childhood physical and sexual abuse including the mode of administration of screens in young people. It is recommended that future studies include diverse populations and randomized and quasi-experimental approaches.
The Cervical Sympathetic Nerves in Surgery of the Neck

The otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon is aware that the cervical sympathetic nerves lie behind the carotid artery and should be avoided during neck surgery. To render this sketchy dictum more ...
Orthorhombic and Tetragonal Lattices

In the previous chapters we discussed isometric lattices and their space-filling Dirichlet Domains. When these lattices are distorted by stretching the translation vectors differently in different directions, the Domains could be proportionately distorted, and still be space fillers. The Domains of the lattices would still be mutually congruent. However, the Domains of the lattice complexes would be stretched or compressed differently if originally they had been differently oriented. For instance, the space-filling octahedron has to be oriented in three different directions to fill space. If the spacing of the points of the J-complex, being at the centers of the octahedra, is altered differently in different directions, then some octahedra will be squashed or stretched along their polar axis, while others have their equators deformed instead.
Measurement of caudate nucleus and putamen atrophy in patients with Huntington’s disease

Direct linear measurements of caudate nucleus widths are more accurate than indirect measurements (bi-caudate distance) in detecting early atrophic changes using MRI in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). At 95% confidence level, caudate nucleus widths of 8 mm or less were found to be abnormal, while those 9 mm or larger were normal. Caudate nuclei widths were more sensitive than similar measurements of the putamen or of bicaudate-skull ratios as correlates of functional changes in patients with early HD.
Heterogeneity in Income: Effects of Racial Concentration on Foreclosures in Los Angeles, California

ABSTRACTThe United States continues to be defined by racial concentration, where most racial/ethnic groups live apart from each other. For homeownership, neighborhoods with large proportions of rac...
Oviposition drives hatching order and developmental disparities with brood mates

Birth or hatching order can affect fitness. It has long been assumed that the order in which a bird's egg is laid (its oviposition) and first exposed to incubation relative to other eggs in the nes...
Metabolite analogs as genetic and biochemical probes.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes metabolites as genetic and biochemical probes into scientific experiments to study gene–gene interactions. To date, the most successful probe for the analysis of gene–gene interactions leading to control of gene functions is the use of metabolite analogs that are inhibitory to cell growth. The chapter discusses various experiments in which bacteria have been employed as tryptophan analogs, tyrosine analogs, phenylalanine analogs, histidine analogs, and analogs of isoleucine, valine, and leucine to study genetic probes. The model employed in this chapter does not adhere to any specific model, but is a more general scheme that encompasses alternatives to the models. The experiments discussed are critical, as they do not reveal biochemical or gene interactions until they are altered. The chapter highlights that employing these analogs is crucial as some biological interactions are so tightly coupled that, without genetically controlled modification, resolution of the components involved would be difficult.
Performance Analysis of 0.4–1.2-μm CdTe Solar Cells

Thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells with an absorber thickness range of 0.4–1.2 μm were fabricated by close-space sublimation on a transparent MgZnO window layer. Microscopy cross sections showed that a significant fraction of the CdTe crystallites extended throughout the absorber layer, and capacitance measurements demonstrated that the absorbers were depleted into forward bias. Current and fill factor loss analyses were used to identify dominant loss mechanisms in the devices as a function of absorber thickness, and photoluminescence measurements were increasingly influenced by back-surface recombination as the absorber was made thinner. The thinner CdTe devices showed modest current and fill-factor reduction but overall good diode quality, and the highest efficiency of 15% was achieved with 1.2-μm CdTe.
Perspective on Cadmium and Lead in Cocoa and Chocolate

Cocoa and chocolate can contain cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from natural and anthropogenic sources. This perspective provides background on the origin, occurrence, and factors affecting Cd and Pb levels in chocolate products as well as ongoing international efforts to mitigate Cd and Pb in these popular foods, particularly the higher Cd levels observed in some cocoa and chocolate originating from parts of Latin America. Information on factors contributing to higher Cd levels in Latin America, including elevated soil Cd, is increasing, but more work is needed to identify successful mitigation methods.
Concomitant Aspirin and Anticoagulation Is Associated With Increased Risk for Major Bleeding in Surgical Patients Requiring Postoperative Intensive Care.

Objectives Critically ill surgical patients may receive concomitant aspirin and therapeutic anticoagulation postoperatively, yet the safety of this practice remains unknown. We evaluated the risk of major bleeding with concomitant therapy compared with anticoagulation alone. Design Observational cohort study. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to assess the association between concomitant therapy and a primary outcome of major bleeding. Setting Postoperative ICUs at an academic medical center. Patients Adults (≥ 18 yr old) receiving anticoagulation during postoperative ICU admission between 2007 and 2016. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Nine thousand five hundred eighteen anticoagulated patients were included, including 3,237 (34%) receiving aspirin. A total of 1,874 unique patients (19.7%) experienced a major bleeding event. In inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses, concomitant therapy was associated with increased odds for major bleeding (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36; p = 0.006) compared with anticoagulation alone. An interaction test suggested a differential relationship between aspirin use and major bleeding based on aspirin use in the 7 days prior to anticoagulation, such that a strong association between aspirin and major bleeding was observed for recent initiators of aspirin (1.40; 1.13-1.72;p = 0.002) but not for those continuing prior aspirin use. Aspirin use prior to anticoagulation did not modify the relationship between concomitant therapy and new myocardial infarction or stroke (i.e., rates were not increased with aspirin discontinuation prior to anticoagulation). Conclusions Concomitant aspirin and anticoagulation in critically ill surgical patients was associated with an increased rate of major bleeding. Future investigations are warranted to further define optimal management of antiplatelet therapy during anticoagulation in surgical patients.
Examining Teacher Dispositions for Evidence of (Transformative) Social and Emotional Competencies with Black Boys: The Case of Three Urban High School Teachers:

Drawing from a larger study of teacher empathy, this article offers a critical race analysis of three teachers’ dispositions to discern (a) their social and emotional competencies (SEC) and (b) evi...