cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baryon and Lepton Number Violation in Superstring Motivated Models

We discuss how realistic low energy physics can arise from the E8 × E8 superstring. A key role is played by the discrete symmetries which typically arise after compactification. Cosmological problems are avoided because the discrete symmetry we employ is shown to effectively be embedded in a Peccei-Quinn symmetry. The models we present seem to satisfy the known phenomenological constraints. In particular, they possess a harmless axion. Implications for baryon and lepton number violation are discussed.
Acute diaphragmatic rupture following open type IV paraesophageal hernia repair

Open primary transthoracic repair is a well established treatment for large paraesophageal hernias. The rate of major post-operative complications has been reported to be low, and no cases of acute diaphragmatic injury have previously been reported. Here we present a case of open primary transthoracic repair of a type IV paraesophageal hernia that was complicated by rupture of the left diaphragm in the immediate post-operative period, and was successfully repaired with Gore DualMesh® (W.L Gore and Assoc. Flagstaff, AZ).
Informing system design through organizational learning

This paper describes a cycle in which organizational learning and work serve each other. Experience in a real-world software development project has led us to identify several key challenges for informing software design through organizational learning. A discussion of these challenges presents steps taken toward addressing them, as well as barriers remaining. The Group Interactive Memory Manager (GIMMe) system is presented along with early results from use of the system in software design projects.
Time and the University

Over the past twenty years, university administrators in North America, Europe and elsewhere have used the apparent ‘crisis’ in higher education as an opportunity to roll out neoliberal policies. For many working in the academy, the effect has been felt as a very real crisis of time, as budgets, resources and job positions are cut, and the working day is stretched to the limit. Resistance has often taken the form of struggles over wages and job security, and, by extension, over time measured in terms of the length and intensity of the working day. While such struggles are necessary, our contention is that they are not enough. Extending the distinction between kairos and chronos as developed in the writings of Giorgio Agamben, Antonio Negri, and Cesare Casarino, we wager that transforming higher education must involve more than “making more time” for our work; it must also “change” time. Only by so doing, we argue, can we realize — and expand upon — the university’s potential to interrupt the empty, homogenous time of capital and cultivate non-capitalist alternatives in the here-and-now. This paper thus makes three moves: one which critiques and analyzes the practices by which the university harnesses the creative time of living labor, making it both useful and safe for capital; a second which develops a ‘revolutionary’ theory of time that enables us to see capital not as the generative source of innovation, but instead as parasitic upon it; and a third, affirmative, move that explores experiments within and beyond the university with self-valorizing practices of collective learning, no longer as resource for state and capital, but as part of the ‘expansionary’ time of the common.
High Resolution VLA Observations of Quasars with Distorted Radio Stucture

Most quasars with extended radio structures have the classical linear double structure (Class II) which is also characteristic of the most luminous radio galaxies. A very small fraction of quasars do, however, show deviations from the classical double structure which are similar to the distortions observed in some low luminosity radio galaxies, e.g., bent double sources. Among radio galaxies, structural distortions seem to be associated with membership in a cluster of galaxies. Indeed, Scott and Hintzen, 1978, have suggested that such distortions might be indicators of cluster membership for quasars as well. To test this hypothesis and examine the physics of distorted quasars, we have mapped the quasars 3C 270.1 and 3C 275.1 in both I and P using the VLA A-Array at 20 cm and 6 cm. Our high resolution (0.1 arc sec at 6 cm) and high dynamic range (200:1) observations demonstrate that the displaced components reported previously for these sources are indeed connected with the quasars themselves and, therefore, the distortions are not simply projection effects. We also report the discovery of a very narrow northwesterly pointing jet in the quasar 3C 275.1.
Treatment of gastric dilation and torsion in the dog. Gastric decompression by gastrostomy under local analgesia

Nine cases of gastric dilation and torsion in dogs were treated by decompressing the stomach by gastrostomy performed under local analgesia. The technique involved a paracostal incision to expose the stomach wall which was then sutured to the skin. Incision through the stomach wall allowed drainage of gastric contents. Laparotomy to correct the gastric torsion was delayed until shock had been treated and the dogs had been stabilized. Seven of the nine cases survived the acute episode which compared favourably with results of treatment by immediate laparotomy to decompress the stomach and correct the torsion. Resume. Neuf cas de dilation et de torsion gastriques chez de jeunes chiens ont ete traites en decomprimant Festomac par gastrostomie faite sous analgesie locale. La technique a compris une incision paracostale pour exposer la paroi de l'estomac que l'on a alors suturee a la peau. L'incision a travers la paroi de l'estomac a permis que le contenu gastrique soit draine. Un certain delai pour faire une laparotomie en vue de corriger la torsion gastrique a ete observe, jusqu'a ce que le choc ait ete traite et que les chiens aient ete stabilises. Sept des neufs cas ont survecu favorablement a l'episode aigu, grâce aux resultats de traitement par une laparotomie immediate pour decom-primer l'estomac et corriger la torsion. Zusammenfassung. Neun Falle von Magenerweiterung und Torsion wurden in jungen Hunden behandelt, in dem man der Magen durch Gastrostomie entlastete, die unter Lokalanalgesie ausgefuhrt wurde. Die Technik bestand in einem paracostalem Einschnitt um die Magenwand freizulegen, die dann an die Haut genaht wurde. Ein Einschnitt durch die Magenwand ermoglichte Entleerung des Mageninhalts. Laparotomie, um die Torsion zu korrigieren, wurde verzogert, bis die Hunde fur Schock behandelt und ausgeglichener waren. Sieben von den neun Fallen uber-lebten die akute Zeitdauer gut durch Behandlung mit sofortiger Laparotomie den Magen zu entlasten und die Torsion zu beheben.
Comparison of High-Fidelity Simulation Versus Didactic Instruction as a Reinforcement Intervention in a Comprehensive Curriculum for Radiology Trainees in Learning Contrast Reaction Management: Does It Matter How We Refresh?

Rationale and Objectives Simulation-based training has been shown to be a useful adjunct to standard didactic lecture in teaching residents appropriate management of adverse contrast reactions. In addition, it has been suggested that a biannual refresher is needed; however, the type of refresher education has not been assessed. Materials and Methods This was a prospective study involving 31 radiology residents across all years in a university program. All residents underwent standard didactic lecture followed by high-fidelity simulation-based training. At approximately 6 months, residents were randomized into a didactic versus simulation group for a refresher. At approximately 9 months, all residents returned to the simulation center for performance testing. Knowledge and confidence assessments were obtained from all participants before and after each phase. Performance testing was obtained at each simulation session and scored based on predefined critical actions. Results There was significant improvement in knowledge (P Conclusions This study suggests that a curriculum consisting of an annual didactic lecture combined with simulation-based training followed by a didactic refresher at 6 months is an effective and efficient (both cost-effective and time-effective) method of educating radiology residents in the management of adverse contrast reactions.
Technetium dichloride: a new binary halide containing metal-metal multiple bonds.

Technetium dichloride has been discovered. It was synthesized from the elements and characterized by several physical techniques, including single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, technetium dichloride exhibits a new structure type consisting of infinite chains of face sharing [Tc2Cl8] rectangular prisms that are packed in a commensurate supercell. The metal–metal separation in the prisms is 2.127(2) A, a distance consistent with the presence of a Tc≡Tc triple bond that is also supported by electronic structure calculations.
cis-regulatory activity of randomly chosen genomic fragments from the sea urchin

In order to determine the frequency and variety of cis-regulatory elements that function during embryonic development of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, we constructed a GFP expression vector in which to test the activity of randomly chosen genomic DNA fragments that includes a promiscuous basal promoter from the endo16 gene. This vector was demonstrated to serve as a cis-regulatory element trap. We used it to carry out an initial test for the occurrence of elements that would promote GFP expression in this genome. In the screen reported here 108 different randomly chosen DNA fragments (av. 3.8 kb) were inserted in the vector, and each was injected into >200 zygotes. Surprisingly, 13% of the fragments tested yielded detectable levels of GFP expression in the recipient embryos. Specific patterns observed included expression in endoderm, in aboral ectoderm, and in pigment cells. The majority of active constructs expressed GFP in all spatial domains of the embryo. Elements with detectable cis-regulatory activity in the embryo occur in the sample screened, on the average, about every 30 kb, and the genome must include many thousands of such elements. On further analysis one isolate was shown to contain a gut specific element as well as one that controls expression in the secondary mesenchyme cells.
Sitagliptin compared with thiazolidinediones as a third-line oral antihyperglycemic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To compare sitagliptin and thiazolidinediones as third-line oral antihyperglycemic agents among ethnic minority patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: In an op...
Counter-clockwise reflection-coefficient behaviour on a Smith chart

A condition sufficient for counter-clockwise motion with increasing frequency of the impedance or reflection coefficient on a Smith chart is derived. The condition is examined for several simplifying cases. Counter-clockwise behaviour of a few illustrative circuits is treated. One particular circuit application using counter-clockwise motion is covered in detail, the y.i.g.-tuned oscillator-drain-matching network. The solution to this microwave-oscillator problem represents a completely new approach in determining matching networks.
Treatable aspects of the dementia syndrome.

: With attentive medical management, the elderly demented patient can live in greater comfort, dignity and independence. Errors in supervision can result in drug intoxication, misdiagnoses, and personal neglect. Many of the elderly have a chronic dementing illness, and disability often is accelerated by complications. However, some of these complications are treatable. Case histories are presented to illustrate pitfalls in the care of such patients.
Evaluating Vigilance Deficits in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of CPT Performance

We meta-analytically review 47 between-groups studies of continuous performance test (CPT) performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a random effects model and correcting for both sampling error and measurement unreliability, we found large effect sizes (δ) for overall performance, but only small to moderate δ for performance over time in the handful of studies that reported that data. Smaller δs for performance over time are likely attributable, in part, to the extensive use of stimuli for which targets and distractors are quite easily differentiated. Artifacts accounted for a considerable proportion of variance among observed δs. Effect sizes reported in previous reviews were significantly attenuated because of the presence of uncorrected artifacts and highlight the necessity of accounting for artifactual variance in future work to determine the amount of true neurocognitive heterogeneity within ADHD. Signal detection theory and diffusion modeling analyses indicated that the ADHD-related deficits were because of decreased perceptual sensitivity (d') and slower drift rates (v). Results are interpreted the context of several recent models of ADHD.
Modeling the Radiographic Decision Making Process, Phase 1 Establishing Test Case Databases

ABSTRACTIntra- and inter -observer variability in the perception ofradiographic findings by radiologists and the resulting uncertaintyin the presence or absence of these findings complicates the processof verifying the accuracy of expert systems that use this data. Tovalidate these expert systems, techniques must be developed toobtain a "true" set of findings for each case in the database.Several techniques are presented for obtaining these data sets.These methods may have utility in other domains where the input toan expert system consists of features which have significantvariability in perception.1. INTRODUCTIONThe radiographic decision making process is a two step process.The radiologist examines the images and determines the presence orabsence of various findings on the study. The next step is reasoningbased on the findings detected on the images and any demographic orhistorical information that is available. This process results in adiagnosis or an ordered list of diagnoses. It may be possible toperform the first step of this process with machine vision systems.I believe that expert systems model the second step of this
Anomalous electron mobility in a coaxial Hall discharge plasma.

A comprehensive analysis of measurements supporting the presence of anomalous cross-field electron mobility in Hall plasma accelerators is presented. Nonintrusive laser-induced fluorescence measurements of neutral xenon and ionized xenon velocities, and various electrostatic probe diagnostic measurements are used to locally determine the effective electron Hall parameter inside the accelerator channel. These values are then compared to the classical (collision-driven) Hall parameters expected for a quiescent magnetized plasma. The results indicate that in the vicinity of the anode, where there are fewer plasma instabilities, the electron-transport mechanism is likely elastic collisions with the background neutral xenon. However, we find that in the vicinity of the discharge channel exit, where the magnetic field is the strongest and where there are intense fluctuations in the plasma properties, the inferred Hall parameter departs from the classical value, and is close to the Bohm value of $({\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{ce}}\ensuremath{\tau}{)}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\approx}16.$ These results are used to support a simple model for the Hall parameter that is based on the scalar addition of the electron collision frequencies (elastic collision induced plus fluctuation induced), as proposed by Boeuf and Garrigues [J. Appl. Phys. 84, 3541 (1998)]. The results also draw attention to the possible role of fluctuations in enhancing electron transport in regions where the electrons are highly magnetized.
Three patients with Fisher's syndrome and normal MRI

Three patients with Fisher9s syndrome had normal MRI scans of the brainstem 6 days, 7 days, and 5 weeks, respectively, after the onset of illness. This further supports a peripheral origin for the ataxia and ophthaimoplegia in this illness and distinguishes it from brainstem encephalitis.
A genetic hypothesis for cause of death during the 1952 London Fog.

Abstract Analysis of autopsied cause of death during the London Fog of 1952 indicates that mortality from all respiratory causes, sudden and delayed, had a consistent male fraction of 0.622. Sudden death from heart failure had a similar male fraction of 0.612. However, heart failures after the first day of illness had a male fraction of 0.48. This significant difference in male fraction between sudden (0.61) and delayed (0.48) heart failure suggests different terminal events. Coronary sudden death may be attributable to right-sided heart failure, and the delayed form may be attributable to left-sided failure leading to pulmonary congestion. The male fraction in sudden respiratory and sudden cardiac deaths (0.612) is exactly the same as the male fraction in sudden infant death syndrome - 0.612 - which has been posited as being X-linked. It is hypothesized that the same X-linked gene responsible for the 0.612 male fraction in sudden infant death syndrome may be a factor in the respiratory and sudden cardiac mortalities during the London Fog.
An Endonuclease from Yeast Mitochondrial Fractions

A membrane-bound endonuclease has been isolated from mitochondrial fractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme is present in a stable complex and has an approximate molecular weight of 14000. It requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity, and has an optimum pH of 7.0. Its activity with native DNA is five times less than with denatured DNA in 0.05 M KC1 and is very low in 0.2 M KCl. The activity with RNA is 40% of that with denatured DNA; the two substrates are competitive. Its mode of action is endonucleolitic, it cuts both strands of native λ DNA at the same or nearby sites. After mild digestion of DNA, analysis of 5′-end groups of the digestion products indicated a marked preference for deoxythymidylic and deoxyguanilic acid residues as the site of enzymatic cleavage. After exhaustive digestion of DNA, mononucleotides (2.4%), dinucleotides (70.5%) and trinucleotides (27%) ending in 5′-phosphate are produced.
Soft landing of ions onto self-assembled hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon monolayer surfaces

Abstract Low energy (≤ 10 eV) ion beams can be soft landed onto a C 12 -hydrocarbon self-assembled monolayer (H-SAM) surface. The H-SAM surface causes much less collateral fragmentation of the deposited ions under the same conditions than the corresponding fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) surface. The energy dependence for release of ions deposited onto an F-SAM monolayer surface shows that smaller ions are ejected more readily than sterically bulky species. The threshold energy for release of the soft-landed species by Xe +· coincides with that of the typical chemical sputtering product CF 3 + , implying that the deposited species are strongly held inside the SAM matrix and that C–C bond cleavage assists in efficient release of the trapped ions. In cases where fragment ions of the deposited projectile are released from the surface, it is shown, by varying the energy and nature of the releasing projectile ion, that dissociation primarily occurs upon impact of the soft-landed ion and not upon its release. Examination of various odd- and even-electron ions confirms the earlier conclusion that the former are efficiently neutralized and only the latter can be soft landed as ions onto F-SAM surfaces.
Remote sensing of vegetation water content from equivalent water thickness using satellite imagery

Abstract Vegetation water content (VWC) is one of the most important parameters for the successful retrieval of soil moisture content from microwave data. Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) is a widely-used index to remotely sense Equivalent Water Thickness (EWT) of leaves and canopies; however, the amount of water in the foliage is a small part of total VWC. Sites of corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and deciduous hardwood woodlands were sampled to estimate EWT and VWC during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 (SMEX05) near Ames, Iowa, USA. Using a time series of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) imagery, NDII was related to EWT with R2 of 0.85; there were no significant differences among land-cover types. Furthermore, EWT was linearly related to VWC with R2 of 0.87 for corn and 0.48 for soybeans, with a significantly larger slope for corn. The 2005 land-cover classification product from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service had an overall accuracy of 92% and was used to spatially distribute VWC over the landscape. SMEX05 VWC versus NDII regressions were compared with the regressions from the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02), which was conducted in the same study area. No significant difference was found between years for corn (P = 0.13), whereas there was a significant difference for soybean (P = 0.04). Allometric relationships relate the size of one part of a plant to the sizes of other parts, and may be the result from the requirements of structural support or material transport. Relationships between NDII and VWC are indirect, NDII is related to canopy EWT, which in turn is allometrically related to VWC.
Spin-Orbit Doublet Separation in O 17 Using Hard-Core Harmonic-Oscillator Wave Functions

Calculations of the spin-orbit doublet separation in ${\mathrm{O}}^{17}$ are performed. It is assumed that, to a first approximation, the individual-particle potential experienced by each nucleon in the nucleus is given by the harmonic-oscillator potential. In this approximation the two-nucleon wave function for nucleons in the nucleus is separable in their relative and center-of-mass coordinates so that, taking into account only two-body interactions which depend on the relative coordinate, the $K$ matrix elements are essentially functions of quantum numbers of relative motion only and of the relative space coordinate. The nucleus ${\mathrm{O}}^{17}$ is considered as consisting of the nucleus ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ as a core plus a neutron outside. The spin-orbit doublet separation is the difference in energy of ${\mathrm{O}}^{17}$ with the outside neutron in the states $J=\frac{5}{2} \mathrm{and} \frac{3}{2}$, and is evaluated in the approximation of taking interactions of the outside neutron with each of the sixteen core nucleons and neglecting interactions between nucleons in the core. Numerical calculations are done using only the spin-orbit part of the Gammel-Thaler potential, but treating it as a perturbation using hard-core harmonic-oscillator wave functions as the unperturbed wave functions. A value of 5.95 MeV is obtained for the spin-orbit splitting.
A backcast land use change model to generate past land use maps: application and validation at the Muskegon River watershed of Michigan, USA

We developed a GIS and neural network-based land use/land cover change model for backcasting land use change and applied it to the Muskegon River watershed, a typical upper midwestern watershed in the USA. We developed 12 variants of the model, based on different structural assumptions, to simulate urban, forest, agriculture, and shrubland transitions. We compared the model variants against 12,598 land use interpreted locations from 235 aerial photographs acquired from the study region between the late 1930s through to the early 1970s. The model variants produced around 41–70% accuracy (integrating both omission and commission errors) in simulating the spatial locations of the dominant land use category, forests and agriculture, and lower accuracy for the shrub and urban land use categories. We describe the assumptions made in developing the model and discuss the implications of the assumptions to model goodness-of-fit analysis and to forecasting land use. The Windows executable version of the model and d...
Regulation of ovarian recrudescence: Different effects of corticotropin in small and large female lizards, Anolis carolinensis

Subcutaneous injection of 50 mU of ovine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates an increase in plasma corticosterone in Anolis carolinensis, after 30 min equivalent to maximum levels of stress-induced plasma corticosterone. Plasma corticosterone returned to noninjection levels by 4 h. Injection of 50 mU ACTH, daily at 1630, into female A. carolinensis treated with stimulatory temperature and light, effected ovarian recrudescence; however, the effect depended upon the size of the lizard. Ovarian growth in small lizards (≥2.6 g) was inhibited by ACTH. In these animals ovaries regressed in size and oviducts remained quiescent. In larger females (<2.6 g) ovarian recrudescence continued in spite of ACTH administration and the consequent stimulation of higher levels of plasma corticosterone. Oviducts were significantly heavier in this group as well, indicating that ovaries were not only larger and heavier, but were secreting estrogens as well. The results of these experiments suggest that differently sized females of this species respond to hormones of the adrenal axis differently, and perhaps to stress as well. Specifically, Whereas ACTH administration inhibits ovarian growth in small anoles as it does in other vertebrates, it appears to have no effect or to enhance ovarian growth in large female A. carolinensis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The university as a moral force

In a time of ethical lapses and moral ambiguity, it is essential for the university, the source of preparation for managers, scientists, journalists, teachers, and other professionals, to understand its role as a force in preparing graduates for decision‐making. The university is a “moral force” because it constantly extends the boundaries of what is known, and therefore challenges societal rules describing desirable and undesirable states and behavior. By focusing on the decision‐making competence of those it educates, it also makes choices about the values it will express, exhibit, and eschew. In this way, the university has a unique opportunity to help create a culture of conscience not only for the professions and professionals, but for all citizens, through its teaching, scholarship, actions, and service to and with others. With this as its stance, the university would strengthen its place at the center of society and solidify its place at the margins – as curator, creator, and critic.
Balance of academic responsibilities of clinical track pharmacy faculty in the United States: a survey of select American College of Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Research Network Members.

Study Objectives To characterize the balance of clinical and academic responsibilities of clinical track pharmacy faculty in the United States and evaluate organizational structures that promote satisfactory balance between these responsibilities. Design Prospective cross-sectional survey. Setting A 22-item online survey was developed and distributed via Qualtrics software. Participants Clinical faculty members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Adult Medicine, Ambulatory Care, Cardiology, Critical Care, Gastrointestinal/Liver/Nutrition, Immunology/Transplantation, Infectious Disease, and Pediatrics Practice and Research Networks (PRNs) were invited to participate via the PRN electronic mailing list. Measurements and Main Results The survey comprised questions related to demographics, organizational structure, and balance of clinical and academic responsibilities. A total of 344 participants responded to some or all of the survey questions. The demographics were relatively equally balanced between faculty at state and private academic institutions, academic rank, and practice setting. Expected and actual effort allocations were similar for each of the clinical and academic responsibilities, with direct patient care and clinical teaching representing more than 50% effort allocation cumulatively. Clinical faculty at state institutions devoted a larger proportion of time to clinical service, whereas clinical faculty at private institutions devoted a greater proportion of time to didactic teaching. When asked about time constraints, 157 (69.8%) of the 225 survey participants responding to this question did not believe they had sufficient time to fulfill their nonclinical academic needs. Clinical faculty who were provided “protected time” away from clinical service had a significantly more favorable opinion of this question. Conclusion Most of the clinical track pharmacy faculty indicated that they have insufficient time to fulfill their nonclinical academic responsibilities. Provision of protected time may alleviate some of these time constraints.
Antitenascin antibody 81C6 armed with 177Lu: in vivo comparison of macrocyclic and acyclic ligands.

Abstract Introduction When labeled with iodine-131, the antitenascin monoclonal antibody (mAb) 81C6 has shown promise as a targeted radiotherapeutic in patients with brain tumors. Because of its more favorable γ-ray properties, lutetium-177 might be a better low-energy β-emitter for this type of therapy. Materials and Methods Chimeric 81C6 (ch81C6) was labeled with 177 Lu using the acyclic 1B4M ligand and the macrocyclic ligands NHS-DOTA and MeO-DOTA and evaluated for binding to tenascin. Three paired-label tissue distribution experiments were performed in normal mice receiving one of the 177 Lu-labeled immunoconjugates plus 125 I-labeled ch81C6 labeled using Iodogen. Paired-label experiments in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous D54 MG human glioma xenografts were done to directly compare the biodistribution of ch81C6–1B4M– 177 Lu and 125 I-labeled ch81C6, and ch81C6–MeO-DOTA– 177 Lu and 125 I-labeled ch81C6. Similar comparisons were done using murine (mu) instead of ch81C6. The primary parameter utilized for evaluation was the 177 Lu/ 125 I uptake ratio in each tissue. Results In the studies performed in normal mice, the NHS-DOTA ligand yielded the highest 177 Lu/ 125 I uptake ratios in tissues indicative of loss of label from the chelate; for this reason, only 1B4M and MeO-DOTA were evaluated further. The 177 Lu/ 125 I ratio in bone increased gradually with time for the chimeric conjugates; however, there were no significant differences between ch81C6–1B4M–DTPA– 177 Lu and ch81C6–MeO-DOTA– 177 Lu. In contrast, mu81C6–1B4M-DTPA– 177 Lu and mu81C6–MeO-DOTA– 177 Lu showed a more dramatic increase in the 177 Lu/ 125 I ratio in bone — from 2.4±0.3 and 1.7±0.2 at Day 1 to 8.5±1.1 and 4.2±0.5 at Day 7, respectively. Conclusion With these antitenascin constructs, the nature of the mAb had a profound influence on the relative degree of loss of 177 Lu from these immunoconjugates. MeO-DOTA shows promise as a bifunctional chelate for labeling 81C6 mAbs with 177 Lu.
Signal enhancement of long-relaxing13C nuclei by flow NMR

Presentation de la methode d'etude de temps de relaxations des noyaux ayant une relaxation longue
Bilayer sliding mechanism for the zinc-blende to rocksalt transition in SiC

We have theoretically investigated the mechanism of the pressure-induced reconstructive zinc-blende to rocksalt phase transition in SiC. We obtained 925 possible transition pathways sTPsd using a group-theoretical analysis method. This extensive survey of possible TPs is a significant feature which distinguishes this study from previous studies. Of these 925 TPs, we identified eight which have the lowest enthalpy barriers, based on first-principles electronic structure calculations. These eight TPs share a common underlying mechanism: bilayer sliding of s111d planes such that local bonding evolves from tetrahedral to octahedral without breaking any bonds. This mechanism may be applicable to other related transitions involving similar bonding changes.
The Author Responds: (Un)Raveling Racism in a Nice Field Like TESOL

In R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 2, pp. 3-25). New York: Longman. Ingold, T. (1994). Introduction to culture. In T. Ingold (Ed.), Companion encyclopedia of anthropology: Humanity, culture, and social life (pp. 329-349). London: Routledge. Kubota, R. (1999). Japanese culture constructed by discourses: Implications for applied linguistics research and English language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 9-35.
Modeling small-scale resistance spot welding machine dynamics for process control

Electrode displacement is generally regarded as a variable that can provide real-time information useful for monitoring and controlling resistance spot welding (RSW) process quality. However, in small-scale RSW production, it is difficult to measure the displacement because its magnitude is very small. By contrast, force signals are relatively large and thus are less susceptible to measurement noise. In this article, an empirical model is proposed to simulate the dynamics of an SSRSW head with the objective of calculating electrode displacement from the variation of electrode clamping force measured during welding. The parameters in the model were determined by fitting experimental force and displacement signals with polynomials and then performing an optimization search for parameters of first-order dynamic models. To verify the models’ accuracy, they were subsequently applied to simulate the electrode displacement curves of welds with expulsion and without expulsion. The calculated displacement curves agreed well with experimental measurements, and the occurrence of expulsion was clearly indicated by the model predictions. A more comprehensive model is under construction with an objective to eliminate displacement sensor in the monitoring and control of SSRSW process.
Defense responses elicited in pine cell suspension cultures

To understand mechanisms of disease resistance in pine trees, we took advantage of the fact that suspension cultured cells exhibit many of the defense responses that are characteristic of intact tissues. In this study, we measured constitutive and elicitor-induced levels of ethylene production, chitinase activity and glucanase activity in cells of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L). Increased ethylene production was induced similarly by a live fungus (Ophiostoma minus Hedgc. H.P. Sydow) and chitosan, a general elicitor. Culture age, relative to the most recent transfer, affected the constitutive level of all defense responses. Culture age also had a pronounced effect on the ability of the cells to produce ethylene and cellular chitinase, but not on secreted chitinase, cellular glucanase, secreted glucanase, or lignification. In older cultures, elicitation induced a 4- to 10-fold increase in ethylene production and a 2-fold increase in cellular chitinase, secreted chitinase and cellular glucanase. Chitosan elicitation did not affect secreted glucanase. The overall regulation of the defense response in pine cells appears complex, but individual components of the response can be differentially induced in cell cultures under appropriate experimental conditions.
Resting and pure tone evoked metabolic responses in the inferior colliculus of young adult and senescent rats

Metabolic responses from three sectors of the inferior colliculus (IC) divided according to frequency representation were examined bilaterally in young (YA) and aged adult (AA) rats using the 2-deoxyglucose method under quiescent or pure tone stimulus conditions. Resting IC metabolism in YA rats is characterized by elevated glucose uptake in the ventromedial (high frequency) relative to intermediate and dorsolateral sectors. AA resting incorporation is not reduced in any sector and is more uniform than YA uptake. Monaural high frequency stimulation (50 kHz) in YA animals evokes discrete contralateral banding along the ventromedial IC border, while stimulation in the optimal auditory sensitivity range of the rat at 8 kHz activates the intermediate sector of the contralateral IC. Although 50 kHz evoked ventromedial uptake is slightly reduced in AA rats contralaterally, the overall uptake within the three sectors does not differ significantly between ages under either of the monaural stimulus conditions; therefore senescent stability is exhibited. However, in AA rats the focus to 8 kHz stimulation has less clearly defined borders even though uptake within the intermediate sector is undiminished compared to YA animals, while 50 kHz elicited activity is typically reduced to a discontinuous band in the ventromedial sector of AA animals. These senescent changes may represent compensation in IC metabolism to changes in cochlear processing which are reflected in the activity of ascending auditory pathways.
Quantification of differential ErbB1 and ErbB2 cell surface expression and spatial nanoclustering through plasmon coupling.

Cell surface receptors play ubiquitous roles in cell signaling and communication and their expression levels are important biomarkers for many diseases. Expression levels are, however, only one factor that determines the physiological activity of a receptor. For some surface receptors their distribution on the cell surface, especially their clustering, provides additional mechanisms for regulation. To access this spatial information robust assays are required that provide detailed insight into the organization of cell surface receptors on nanometer length scales. In this manuscript we demonstrate through combination of scattering spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and generalized multiple particle Mie theory (GMT) simulations that the density- and morphology-dependent spectral response of Au nanoparticle (NP) immunolabels bound to the epidermal growth factor receptors ErbB1 and ErbB2 encodes quantitative information of both the cell surface expression and spatial clustering of the two receptors in different unliganded in vitro cancer cell lines (SKBR3, MCF7, A431). A systematic characterization of the collective spectral responses of NPs targeted at ErbB1 and ErbB2 at various NP concentrations indicates differences in the large-scale organization of ErbB1 and ErbB2 in cell lines that overexpress these receptors. Validation experiments in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirm that NPs targeted at ErbB1 on A431 are more strongly clustered than NPs bound to ErbB2 on SKBR3 or MCF7 at overall comparable NP surface densities. This finding is consistent with the existence of larger receptor clusters for ErbB1 than for ErbB2 in the plasma membranes of the respective cells.
Orientational Order of Locally Parallel Chain Segments in Glassy Polycarbonate from 13C−13C Dipolar Couplings

Interchain 13C−13C distances between 13C labels and between 13C labels and natural-abundance 13C have been determined using dipolar restoration at the magic angle (DRAMA) with XY8 phase alternation...
“Myo-Monitor centric”: An evaluation

Abstract Ten patients had three “Myo-Monitor centric” records made at each of three appointments. Terminal hinge axis determination and interocclusal registration of centric relation were used to accurately mount maxillary and mandibular casts on a modified articulator. The characteristics of “Myo-Monitor centric” were investigated by: evaluation of the reproducibility of “Myo-Monitor centric” records; comparison of “Myo-Monitor centric” position to centric relation contact position and centric occlusion; comparison of the tooth contact on hinge closure from “Myo-Monitor centric” with centric relation contact; evaluation of the effect of the anteroposterior head position on the number and location of tooth contacts during “Myo-Monitor centric” mandibular closure; and a comparison of the anteroposterior relationships among “Myo-Monitor centric,” centric relation, and centric occlusion. Examination and appropriate statistical analysis of the data revealed several characteristics of “Myo-Monitor centric”: The axis of rotation determined by “Myo-Monitor centric” was always anterior and inferior to the patient's terminal hinge axis; “Myo-Monitor centric” registrations within individuals were non-reproducible; with “Myo-Monitor centric” registrations, centric relation contacts on the mandible were anterior to both centric relation and centric occlusion contacts on the maxillae; variation of anteroposterior head position affected Myo-Monitor-produced mandibular closure; and eight of ten patients had “Myo-Monitor centric” contact anterior to their centric relation contact.
Color Doppler ultrasound and gamma imaging of intratumorally injected 500 nm iron-silica nanoshells.

Perfluoropentane gas filled iron-silica nanoshells have been developed as stationary ultrasound contrast agents for marking tumors to guide surgical resection. It is critical to establish their long-term imaging efficacy, as well as biodistribution. This work shows that 500 nm Fe–SiO2 nanoshells can be imaged by color Doppler ultrasound over the course of 10 days in Py8119 tumor bearing mice. The 500 nm nonbiodegradable SiO2 and biodegradable Fe–SiO2 nanoshells were functionalized with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) ligand and radiolabeled with 111In3+ for biodistribution studies in nu/nu mice. The majority of radioactivity was detected in the liver and kidneys following intravenous (IV) administration of nanoshells to healthy animals. By contrast, after nanoshells were injected intratumorally, most of the radioactivity remained at the injection site; however, some nanoshells escaped into circulation and were distributed similarly as those given intravenously. For intratumoral delivery of nano...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Diabetes Mellitus: Its Physiology, Metabolic Effects, and Potential Clinical Utility

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of insulin deficiency, resulting from the autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. However, as a likely consequence of intraportal insulin deficiency, patients with type 1 DM also exhibit abnormalities of the growth hormone (GH)/IGF/IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) axis, including GH hypersecretion, reduced circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGFBP-3, and elevated levels of IGFBP-1. These abnormalities not only exacerbate hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 DM, but may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes-specific complications, including diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Therefore, therapeutic modalities aimed at restoring the GH-IGF-IGFBP axis are being considered. Herein, we review the efficacy of one such therapy, specifically IGF-I replacement therapy. To date, short-term beneficial metabolic effects of recombinant human IGF (rhIGF)-I therapy have been demonstrated in numerous diabetic conditions, including type 1 DM, type 2 DM, and type A insulin resistance. However, the long- term safety and metabolic efficacy of rhIGF-I therapy remains to be established. Moreover, the potential impact of rhIGF-I on the natural history of diabetic complications has yet to be explored.
Legalizing Prostitution Morality Politics in Western Australia

There is now a sizeable literature examining moral panics and moral crusades in various societies, yet the literature is largely centred on the dynamics of panics and the social forces promoting them, while devoting almost no attention to the state. The state may play a key role in the process-either fanning or defusing popular alarm over a problem. In some panics, the state becomes an arena of struggle, or morality politics, between forces that promote and challenge claims regarding some social evil. The process of legislating morality provides a unique opportunity to examine the state as a dynamic actor in its own right. The article examines this in the context of the recent debate over legalizing prostitution in Western Australia.
Stochastic Path Integral for Pre-/Post-selected Continuous Quantum Measurement

We propose a stochastic-path-integral method to study a continuously measured qubit. Results for the most-likely qubit trajectories in Hilbert space contrained by pre- and post-selection as boundary conditions are presented.
Response of sorghum to a water gradient and potassium variable

A field study utilizing a modified line-source sprinkler system was used to investigate the hydrologic balance of a sorghum crop subjected to water deficit stress. An additional objective was to evaluate the evapotranspiration-yield relationship and to determine if the water use efficiency could be improved through the addition of increased amounts of potassium.
Percutaneous Cryoablation of Clinical T2 (> 7 cm) Renal Masses: Technical Considerations, Complications, and Short-Term Outcomes

Abstract Purpose To determine the technical success, safety, and preliminary clinical outcome of percutaneous cryoablation of large (> 7 cm) renal masses. Materials and Methods Twelve patients underwent percutaneous cryoablation for treatment of renal tumors measuring greater than 7 cm (clinical stage II, T2aN0M0) between 2004 and 2013. Median patient age was 75 years (range, 46–84 y), median Charlson comorbidity index was 5 (range, 4–9), and median maximal tumor diameter was 8.4 cm (range, 7.2–9.7 cm). Seven of the 12 patients underwent superselective intraarterial tumor embolization before cryoablation. Technical success, procedural complications, renal function, and oncologic and survival outcomes were evaluated for each patient. Results All cryoablation procedures were technically successful in a single treatment session, with no mortalities at 30 days. Two patients (17%) experienced major complications related to postprocedural hemorrhage. Median change in estimated glomerular filtration rate within 7 days following cryoablation treatment was 11 mL/min (range, 7–14 mL/min). One patient with baseline stage IV chronic kidney disease and a major bleeding complication required temporary dialysis in the periprocedural period. In 11 patients (92%) who had follow-up beyond 3 months after the procedure (mean, 19 mo; range, 4–49 mo), recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates at 2 years were 100% and 91%, respectively. Conclusions Percutaneous cryoablation of large (> 7 cm) renal masses was technically successful, with effective preliminary clinical outcomes. However, major complications are more common with cryoablation of stage T2 tumors than is typically encountered with treatment of smaller stage T1 tumors.
Network perspectives on the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established medical therapy for the treatment of movement disorders and shows great promise for several other neurological disorders. However, after decades of clinical utility the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain undefined. Early attempts to explain the mechanisms of DBS focused on hypotheses that mimicked an ablative lesion to the stimulated brain region. More recent scientific efforts have explored the wide-spread changes in neural activity generated throughout the stimulated brain network. In turn, new theories on the mechanisms of DBS have taken a systems-level approach to begin to decipher the network activity. This review provides an introduction to some of the network based theories on the function and pathophysiology of the cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops commonly targeted by DBS. We then analyze some recent results on the effects of DBS on these networks, with a focus on subthalamic DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Finally we attempt to summarize how DBS could be achieving its therapeutic effects by overriding pathological network activity.