cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposed secondary wavelength standards and line classifications in thorium spectra between 0.9 and 3 m

The spectrum of thorium as emitted by an electrodeless lamp has been recorded by Connes and collaborators by means of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy in the region 0.9 to 3 μm. Of the 3100 lines observed, about 1900 are classified as transitions in the energy level system of Th i and 412 in Th ii. Since the average deviation between the observed and calculated wave numbers is less than 0.002 cm-1, the observed wavelengths are suitable for use as standard wavelengths.
Emerging Trends in Family Caregiving Using the Life Course Perspective: Preparing Health Educators for an Aging Society

Background: As life expectancy and morbidity related to chronic disease increase, the baby boomers will be called upon to provide care to aging members of their family or to be care recipients themselves. Purpose: Through the theoretical lens of the life course perspective, this review of the literature provides insight into what characteristics of baby boomers separate them from previous caregiving cohorts and how these characteristics will affect family caregiving. Methods: A systematic process to identify literature was completed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Findings suggest multiple emerging trends related to caregiving, including (1) increasing use of digital technology for information gathering and support, (2) more diversity among caregivers and care recipients, (3) strained finances and loss of entitlements, (4) more complex care and care management, (5) demand for public policies related to caregiving, and (6) balancing...
Water secretion and embryological layers in cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Cystic fibrosis primarily affects tissues containing secretory epithelia, but not all of them become diseased. The distribution of clinical disease corresponds closely to the effect on net anion-linked water secretion, which is reduced across epithelia of endodermal and mesodermal origin but not those of ectodermal origin. Although the gene is expressed in all secretory epithelia, its effects on water secretion are bypassed in those of ectodermal origin.
Climate, migration, and the local food security context: introducing Terra Populus

Studies investigating the connection between environmental factors and migration are difficult to execute because they require the integration of microdata and spatial information. In this article, we introduce the novel, publically available data extraction system Terra Populus (TerraPop), which was designed to facilitate population-environment studies. We showcase the use of TerraPop by exploring variations in the climate-migration association in Burkina Faso and Senegal based on differences in the local food security context. Food security was approximated using anthropometric indicators of child stunting and wasting derived from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and linked to the TerraPop extract of climate and migration information. We find that an increase in heat waves was associated with a decrease in international migration from Burkina Faso, while excessive precipitation increased international moves from Senegal. Significant interactions reveal that the adverse effects of heat waves and droughts are strongly amplified in highly food insecure Senegalese departments.
Filtered sub-grid constitutive models for fluidized gas-particle flows constructed from 3-D simulations

The accuracy of fluidized-bed CFD predictions using the two-fluid model can be improved significantly, even when using coarse grids, by replacing the microscopic kinetic-theory-based closures with coarse-grained constitutive models. These coarse-grained constitutive relationships, called filtered models, account for the unresolved gas-particle structures (clusters and bubbles) via sub-grid corrections. Following the previous 2-D approaches of Igci et al. [AIChE J., 54(6), 1431–1448, 2008] and Milioli et al. [AIChE J., 59(9), 3265–3275, 2013], new closures for the filtered inter-phase drag and stresses in the gas and particle phases are constructed from highly-resolved 3-D simulations of gas-particle flows. These new closure relations are then validated through the bubbling-fluidized-bed challenge problem presented by National Energy Technology Laboratory and Particulate Solids Research Inc.
The Logic of Intelligence

Is there an “essence of intelligence” that distinguishes intelligent systems from non-intelligent systems? If there is, then what is it? This chapter suggests an answer to these questions by introducing the ideas behind the NARS (Nonaxiomatic Reasoning System) project. NARS is based on the opinion that the essence of intelligence is the ability to adapt with insufficient knowledge and resources. According to this belief, the author has designed a novel formal logic, and implemented it in a computer system. Such a “logic of intelligence” provides a unified explanation for many cognitive functions of the human mind, and is also concrete enough to guide the actual building of a general purpose “thinking machine”.
PET/MRI evaluation of multiple myeloma

1295 Objectives MRI has improved sensitivity for focal and diffuse osseous tumor burden in patients with both active and smoldering multiple myeloma (MM) and provides high tissue contrast and high spatial resolution of soft tissue lesions. Functional FDG-PET is widely used to assess medullary and extramedullary disease using semiquantitative measures such as SUVMAX/MEAN. FDG-PET has less sensitivity for marrow based lesions when compared to whole body MRI; however, FDG-PET has been shown to provide prognostic outcomes in patients undergoing treatment for MM. Recently updated guidelines for imaging and surveillance of myeloma patients suggest utility in combining MRI and FDG-PET. The objective of this project is to demonstrate early experience with FDG PET/MRI as a hybrid imaging modality to diagnose and grade MM in a high volume center for excellence in myeloma. Methods A hybrid PET/MRI system (Biograph mMR, Siemens Co.) was used consisting of a 3.0 T whole-body imager and an actively shielded whole-body gradient coil system. The PET detector contains eight rings of 56 detector blocks with each detector block consisting of 64 lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals. Whole-body PET/MRI studies were obtained prior to and following intravenous gadolinium contrast administration for patients with proven or suspected MM. PET and MR images extended from the skull vertex to below the knees. Sequences consisted of T1-weighted turbo spin echo, contrast-enhanced T2-weighted fat suppression, T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot fast spin echo, and attenuation-corrected T1-weighted Dixon. Diffusion weighted sequences were obtained depending on the specific protocol. FDG-PET/MRI images were compared to prior FDG-PET/CT, MRI, or CT examinations, if available. Results Twenty-seven patients with suspected or proven MM have undergone FDG-PET/MR imaging at our institution with each study read in tandem by an experienced nuclear medicine physician and either a body- or neuroradiologist. FDG-PET/MRI studies were performed for prospective use in patients with MGUS, smoldering MM, and active MM. We will present our FDG PET and MRI imaging criteria for identifying and grading MM lesions based upon the International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement. Additionally, we will present our efforts towards protocol optimization allowing for good patient throughput and tolerance, and image diagnostic quality. A pictographic survey of myeloma lesions as seen on PET/MRI will be presented as well as potential pitfalls, including both false positive and negative findings. Conclusions FDG PET/MRI is a clinically available hybrid platform that is useful in diagnosing and grading patients with multiple myeloma. Protocol optimization is essential for patient comfort and throughput. RESEARCH SUPPORT: .
Effect of yarn factors on fabric hand

Publisher Summary According to the American Society for Testing and Materials [“ASTM”], yarns have been defined as “a generic term for continuous strand of textile fibers, filament, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise inter-twining to form a textile fabric”. Yarns constitute the major elements upon which the characteristics of the end products (fabrics or otherwise) are determined. This chapter focuses on the effect of yarn properties—physical, mechanical, or both—on fabric hand. Commercially, there is a huge variety of yarns. There could be no limit to the number of distinctly different yarns. Yarns have been classified into different types according to the methods of characterization and specification. Yarn structure is another highly significant factor, which plays a major role in the physical and mechanical properties of the yarn. This, in turn, might affect the fabric properties that might reflect, among other things, on the fabric hand.
Said and the Mythmaking of Auerbach's Mimesis

In her article "Said and the Mythmaking of Auerbach's Mimesis" Hyeryung Hwang revisits critical debates on Edward W. Said's unwitting participation in the mythmaking of Erich Auerbach's Mimesis and analyzes the degree to which critical discourses overlook what Said actually wanted to revive, namely the spirit of philological methodology. Hwang argues that before Said worked on Mimesis, the book already acquired a sort of myth. Hwang attempts to go beyond the commonly held understanding of philology and suggest it as a methodology for historical synthesis whose dialectical tension between texts and history amounts to the synthesis of "fact" and "truth." Hyeryung Hwang, "Said and the Mythmaking of Auerbach's Mimesis" page 2 of 7 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 18.1 (2016):
Effects of Lorcaserin on Cocaine and Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Reinstatement of Responding Previously Maintained by Cocaine in Rhesus Monkeys

Stimulant abuse is a serious public health issue for which there is no effective pharmacotherapy. The serotonin2C [5-hydroxytryptamine2C (5-HT2C)] receptor agonist lorcaserin decreases some abuse-related effects of cocaine in monkeys and might be useful for treating stimulant abuse. The current study investigated the effectiveness of lorcaserin to reduce self-administration of either cocaine or methamphetamine and cocaine-induced reinstatement of extinguished responding. Four rhesus monkeys responded under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule in which the response requirement increased after each cocaine infusion (32–320 μg/kg/infusion). A separate group of four monkeys responded under a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule for cocaine (32 μg/kg/infusion) and reinstatement of extinguished responding was examined following administration of noncontingent infusions of cocaine (0.1–1 mg/kg) that were combined with response-contingent presentations of the drug-associated stimuli. Finally, three monkeys responded under a FR schedule for methamphetamine (0.32–100 μg/kg/infusion). Lorcaserin (3.2 mg/kg) significantly decreased the final ratio completed (i.e., decreased break point) in monkeys responding under the PR schedule and reduced the reinstatement of responding for drug-associated stimuli following a noncontingent infusion of cocaine; these effects did not appear to change when lorcaserin was administered daily. The same dose of lorcaserin decreased responding for methamphetamine in two of the three monkeys, and the effect was maintained during daily lorcaserin administration; larger doses given acutely (10–17.8 mg/kg) significantly decreased responding for methamphetamine, although that effect was not sustained during daily lorcaserin administration. Together, these results indicate that lorcaserin might be effective in reducing cocaine and methamphetamine abuse and cocaine relapse at least in some individuals.
Interventional EUS for the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evolved as the diagnostic test of choice evaluating suspected pancreatic tumors. Coupled with fine needle aspiration (FNA), EUS provides high accuracy for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. Novel EUS based techniques have emerged as a safe minimally invasive alternative to the surgical or radiological approaches. By allowing better pain control, delivering antitumor therapies or draining obstructed bile ducts, such techniques hold a big promise to improve the quality of life of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role EUS-FNA plays in the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Image: EUS-guided fiducial placement in a patient with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS INCREASE SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS BY A NONTESTOSTERONE-DEPENDENT MECHANISM

Summary Naloxone and naltrexone increase serum luteinizing hormone (LH) in the male of several species, presumably by inhibiting the effects of an endogenously occurring opioid. The purpose of the present studies was to exclude the possibility that these narcotic antagonists increased LH by displacing testosterone from its receptors and, thereby, relieving the axis of negative feedback control. This was accomplished by demonstrating: (1) that naloxone increased serum LH to a greater extent in the castrated rat than it did in sham-operated controls; (2) that naloxone and naltrexone did not displace 3H-steroids from their receptors in the hypothalamus; and (3) that steroids did not compete with narcotics for their binding sites in brain.
Conceptual defaults in fuzzy ontology

The paper explores the fuzzy status of implicit information in natural language text, focusing on conceptual defaults, the routinely omitted information that readers/hearers equally routinely reconstruct. Making this information available to the natural language processing computer is essential, and fuzziness is a major issue. An analysis of 1,000 English sentences has demonstrated a diverse combination of circumstances for detecting and computing defaults with their membership function values.
Dorang (Dolan Semarang) Game Solution to Introduce Semarang Municipality and Semarang Regency as Tourist Attraction

A bstract- Tourism is the departure of a person in a short period of time into a tourism site with the intention to relax and refresh the mind. Tourism will feel convenient if visiting the tourism site that have fun attractions. One of the city that has many attractions is Semarang city and Semarang regency. Semarang city and Semarang regency has a natural attractions, social and culture, travel games, agro tourism, and culinary tours. According to a study, 64% of 30 respondents who are domestic travelers from 15-30 years old, did not know the information of locations from the tourism site in Semarang city and Semarang regency. With the little knowledge from domestic travelers, DORANG (Dolan Semarang) is made so that this game can be used as a guide to travel and as a media promotion of these attractions. This game contains travel map of Semarang city and Semarang regency along with the information of tourism sites. After respondents are finished playing this game, they will be known better about the information of tourism sites in Semarang city and Semarang regency and also more recognizing these attractions.
CFD investigation of control parameters in a steam contactor used in polymer devolatilization

Abstract Polymer devolatilization is a critical process in polymer manufacturing and has a huge impact on the quality of the final product. Polymers resulting from such processes have wide applications ranging from medical equipment to transportation supplies. The process of devolatilization uses superheated steam to remove any unwanted substances, such as volatiles and solvents from a polymer mix. The study focuses on removal of unwanted hydrocarbon solvent from the polymer mix, or cement. This cement is initially composed of polymer and cyclohexane and undergoes mixing with superheated steam to remove excess cyclohexane. The objective of the current study is to create a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that solves for the steam flowing through the contactor, as well as simulate the trajectory and multiphase mass transfer of the cement as it forms into droplets. Additionally, a parametric study is carried out to determine the benefits of altering the operating steam pressure and also several geometric parameters of the steam contactor. By adjusting these variables, the steam flow can be optimized to use less steam, in a cost effective manner for manufacturers.
Use of best linear unbiased prediction for hot spot identification in two-way compositing

Compositing of individual samples is a cost-effective method for estimating a population mean, but at the expense of losing information about the individual sample values. The largest of these sample values (hotspot) is sometimes of particular interest. Sweep-out methods attempt to identify the hotspot and its value by quantifying a (hopefully, small) subset of individual values as well as the usual quantification of the composites. Sweep-out design is concerned with the sequential selection of individual samples for quantification on the basis of all earlier quantifications (both composite and individual). The design-goal is for the number of individual quantifications to be small (ideally, minimal). Previous sweep-out designs have applied to traditional (i.e., disjoint) compositing. This paper describes a sweep-out design suitable for two-way compositing. That is, the individual samples are arranged in a rectangular array and a composite is formed from each row and also from each column. At each step, the design employs all available measurements (composite and individual) to form the best linear unbiased predictions for the currently unquantified cells. The cell corresponding to the largest predicted value is chosen next for individual measurement. The procedure terminates when the hotspot has been identified with certainty.
Outcomes of disease prevention and management interventions in food pantries and food banks: protocol for a scoping review

Introduction Food insecurity is a difficulty faced in many households. During periods of food insecurity, households often seek food supplied by food pantries and food banks. Food insecurity has been associated with increased risk for several health conditions. For this reason, food pantries and food banks may have great promise as intervention sites, and health researchers have begun targeting food pantries and food banks as sites for disease prevention or management interventions. The aim of the scoping review is to examine disease prevention or management interventions implemented in food pantries and food banks. Methods and analysis Relevant electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature-CINAHL Complete, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be searched for articles with a publication date of 1997 or later using Medical Subject Headings and key terms, including food aid, food banks, food pantries, food shelves, hunger, food insecurity and related concepts. For each de-duplicated study record identified by the search strategy, two reviewers will independently assess whether the study meets eligibility criteria (eg, related to intervention type, context). The reviewers will examine studies’ titles, abstracts and full text, comparing eligibility decisions to address any discrepancies. For each eligible study, data extraction will be executed by two reviewers independently, comparing extracted data to address any discrepancies. Extracted data will be synthesised and reported in a narrative review assessing the coverage and gaps in existing literature related to disease prevention and management interventions implemented in food pantries. Ethics and dissemination The review’s results will be useful to healthcare practitioners who work with food-insecure populations, healthcare researchers and food pantry or food bank personnel. The results of this scoping review will be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal, and the authors will share the findings with food pantry and food bank stakeholder groups with whom they work.
The role of B cell-intrinsic gp96 /grp94 in sepsis (MPF2P.747)

gp96, also known as grp94, is a master protein chaperone for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and integrins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plays critical roles in innate immunity. However, the role of B cell-intrinsic gp96 in sepsis has not been studied. Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by a severe immune response to infection. B cell has been implicated in protecting against bacterial sepsis. We addressed this question using a unique B cell specific gp96 knockout mouse model. KO mice do develop mature and functional B cells, in spite of defects of gp96 null B cells in integrin-dependent migration and failure to proliferate in response to multiple TLR ligands such as Pam3 and LPS. We challenged WT and KO mice with a lethal dose of LPS, and we found that WT mice produced significantly more serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 than did KO mice. Consistent with the detrimental effect of these cytokines in sepsis, we found that the WT mice were more susceptible to LPS-induced sepsis than the KO mice. By day 2, 100% WT mice succumbed to endotoxemia. In contrast, 40% of KO mice survived to the same dose of LPS challenge. In addition, using a well-defined sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we demonstrated that KO mice were unable to mount effective response against polymicrobial sepsis, underscoring the importance of B cells in innate immunity. This study indicates that B cell-intrinsic TLR signaling contributes to sepsis-induced B cell activation and outcome of sepsis.
Geostatistical Interpolation and Simulation in the Presence of Barriers

Statistical correlation between spatial variables depends on the distance between locations and the direction of travel from one to the other. Geostatistical interpolation most often uses the Euclidean distance between observations. But since most surfaces in nature are convoluted, with edges and breaks, anything that travels along them is thereby constrained. Smog, for instance, is blocked by hills and mountains. Animals migrate around lakes, mountains, and settlements. Contaminants in water follow the coastline. This paper proposes using cost weighted distance, a common raster function in GIS (Geographical Information Systems) that calculates the cost of travel from one cell of a grid to the next, making it the natural choice of the distance metric for spatial interpolation. Determining cost value at each location is discussed, as is calculation of distances between sampled locations and unsampled ones. Also covered is how to choose a valid covariance model with barriers defined by cost surface. We illustrate the approach using publicly available ozone data in California, where mountains are the natural barriers for smog propagation, and nutrients data in the Chesapeake Bay, where the coastline forms non-transparent barrier for chemical propagation.
Package Analysis: SAM and X-ray

The detection of package related defects is an essential part of failure analysis. Nondestructive evaluations play a critical role in understanding the location and causes of assembly-related failures. At times, these techniques provide a complete understanding of a failure. At other times, destructive techniques must also be employed to understand the failure. The destructive techniques, typically decapsulation and cross-sectioning, are often mutually exclusive so that they can not be applied in series. In addition to guiding the selection of destructive procedures to complete the analysis, the non-destructive techniques provide an indication of areas to be exposed by decapsulation or cross-section. Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and real-time x-ray radiography (RTX) are the primary techniques for the nondestructive imaging of the internal features of IC packages.
Hypophysiotropic Regulation of Stress-Induced ACTH Secretion

Actual and perceived deviations from the homeostatic state evoke numerous physiological adjustments, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). The primary endproducts of this cascade (adenohypophysial opioid and adrenocortical glucocorticoid secretion) result in mobilization of energy substrates, suppression of nonessential systems such as digestion and reproduction, inhibition of inflamatory responses, and alteration of pain and sensory perception (1, 2). An overview of the information flow through the HPA is presented in Fig. 1. Most stimuli which elicit ACTH secretion must first be encoded as neurochemical messages within the central nervous system, undergo processing and must then be transformed into a hypophysiotropic signal recognized by corticotropes within the adenohypophysis. By now, it is appreciated that regulation of ACTH secretion is mediated by multiple factors of hypothalamic, neurohypophysial and peripheral origins. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; 3,4), arginine vasopressin (AVP; 5,6) and epinephrine (EPI; 7,8) are secreted from nerve endings within the zona externa of the median eminence into the hypophysial-portal circulation. Other putative regulatory factors of hypothalamic origin include oxytocin (OT; 9,10) and angiotensin II (AII; 11, 12). In addition, circulating neurohypophysial AVP and OT, and catecholamines of sympathetic nervous system and adrenomedullary origins may participate in regulation of ACTH secretion under certain circumstances. Superimposed upon this regulatory network are the multiple actions of the glucocorticoids acting at both the pituitary and central nervous system levels to modulate basal and stimulus-induced secretion of ACTH (13).
Geographic Variation in Primates

Knowledge of geographic variation is fundamental to recognizing the kinds and numbers of both living and extinct primate species. This review focuses on geographic variation in the craniodental anatomy of living primates. We limit our attention to multivariate studies that used craniometric and/or odonto-metric data to investigate differences among demes, subspecies, and closely related species. Our intent is to document the nature of geographic variation in the skulls and teeth of living primates and, then, to discuss the problems and prospects of dealing with such variation among fossils. We begin with some general background observations about geographic variation and speciation in primates.
The Role of Nutrition in the Management and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers

Nutritional support is a cornerstone of clinical care and should be provided to all persons, including persons with pressure ulcers, consistent with medical goals and patient wishes. Whether nutrition can improve the outcome of pressure ulcers remains disputable. Energy requirements for persons with pressure ulcers are estimated empirically between 25 and 30 kcal/kg/day, but have been confirmed in studies using nutritional formulas such as the Harris–Benedict equation. The optimum amount of protein intake is not known, but likely lies between 1.2 and 1.5 g/kg/day. Higher protein intakes may be harmful and have not been associated with higher rates of healing. Supplemental amino acids and supertherapeutic supplements of vitamins and minerals have not been shown to have much effect on the healing of pressure ulcers. Clinical nutritional intervention trials suffer from small sample sizes and poor methodological design, but in general have not shown exceptional benefit in improving complete healing of pressure ulcers. Nutritional therapy will improve starvation due to lack of food, but cachexia associated with inflammatory conditions has been remarkably resistant to hypercaloric feeding.
Atom Ejection Mechanisms and Models

In a series of publications the authors have been exploring atom ejection from clean and chemically reacted copper and nickel surfaces under argon ion bombardment at 600 eV ion energy by classical trajectory simulations. The calculations generate a variety of experimental observables including relative sputtering yields, energy and angular distributions for the ejected atoms, multimer yields and surface damage information. The method provides a necessary first step in the development of rigorous ejection models, prior to the inclusion of ionization effects. A general conclusion from all of the calculations is that surface morphology — the location of specific atoms with respect to each other — effectively controls the ejection mechanisms for a specific system. A comprehensive comparison between the predictions of the simulations and experimental SIMS results obtained from clean and reacted surfaces has been published [1]. These comparisons are most successful when ratios of variables between different crystal faces or adsorbates in different coverages are used. Computed yields are sensitive to the crystal structure, coverage, binding energy and site symmetry of adsorbates. A recent investigation was concerned with the Cu(lll)/Ar+ system as a function of the ion energy [2]. This report summarizes and extends that work.
The treatment of unresolved grief following loss of an infant.

Abstract This article includes a discussion of several factors in the development of unresolved grief and the emergence of a different state of mind, a seff-image that is less to cope with the stress of loss. Emphasis is placed on the issue of previous sensitization to loss stemming from childhood experiences. A case example is presented to illuslrate the treatment of unresolved grief and the need to recognize the importance of developmental experiences In the patient’ current mode of dealing with the stress of loss. Some suggestions are presented to assist the busy physician in dealing with patientS who have experienced infant loss and in deciding when to refer such patients to psychiatrists. (Am. J. Oastet. Gynecol. 141:503, 1981.)
Quality Management, Supply Chain Management, and Just in Time: A Model of their Impact on Business Performance

Just in time, quality management, and supply chain management have in recent years been proposed as means of improving product quality and responsiveness, while simultaneously reducing cost. The three can also be used as complementary elements of an integrated strategy aimed at improving an organization’s competitiveness. This study proposes and tests a structural equation model that examines linkages between just in time, quality management, supply chain management and supplier management, and their impact on business performance. Results show that while just in time, quality and supply chain management efforts are indeed mutually supportive, it is a firm’s efforts in the area of quality management that directly drive business performance. Activities related to just in time and supply chain management impact business performance only via their impact on quality management. Results also indicate that while supplier management is directly influenced by quality and supply chain management efforts, it does not influence performance.
Leukemia Recurrence Exclusively in the Breast after Stem Cell Transplant

Introduction: Leukemic involvement of the breast is extremely rare but constitutes an oncologic emergency. Imaging findings of T-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) recurrence in the breasts have not been previously described. Case Description: Patient is a 25 year old female who presented with symptoms of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction secondary to a mediastinal mass status post biopsy demonstrating T-ALL, which was cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) positive and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and 80% Ki-67 positive. She was treated with chemotherapy and post-treatment positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated resolution of mediastinal mass, with no evidence of distant disease. She underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in first remission. Seven months post-HSCT, patient presented with a large area of tender swelling of both the breasts with biopsy demonstrating relapsed T-ALL. Radiologic findings showed bilateral breast masses on ultrasound and mammogram, which were hypermetabolic on PET/CT. Conclusions: Breast involvement in leukemia recurrence, a very rare entity, can present with palpable masses. Mammographic findings in leukemia can include masses or architectural distortion, they are typically hyperechoic on ultrasound, and can have marked uptake on PET/CT. Oncologists, primary care providers and radiologists should be aware of leukemia presentations in the breast for prompt referral for urgent management.
A Riemannian Approach for Graph-Based Clustering by Doubly Stochastic Matrices

Convex optimization is a well-established area with applications in almost all fields. However, these convex methods can be rather slow and computationally intensive for high dimensional problems. For a particular class of problems, this paper considers a different approach, namely Riemannian optimization. The main idea is to view the constrained optimization problem as an unconstrained one over a restricted search space (the manifold). Riemannian optimization explicitly exploits the geometry of the problem and often reduces its dimension, thereby potentially allowing significant speedup as compared to conventional approaches. The paper introduces the doubly stochastic, the symmetric, and the definite multinomial manifolds which generalize the simplex. The method is applied to a convex and a non-convex graph-based clustering problem. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method over the state of the art as it outperforms conventional generic and specialized solvers, especially in high dimensions.
Immune-related gene expression deficit of leukemia stem cells (LSC) in AML.

7011Background: AML LSC are believed to be responsible for residual and resistant leukemic disease leading to relapse. Understanding differences between bulk AML and the LSC subpopulation may allow...
Monomeric thorium chalcogenolates with bipyridine and terpyridine ligands.

Thorium chalcogenolates Th(ER)4 react with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) to form complexes with the stoichiometry (bipy)2Th(ER)4 (E = S, Se; R = Ph, C6F5). All four compounds have been isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods and low-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction. Two of the products, (bipy)2Th(SC6F5)4 and (bipy)2Th(SeC6F5)4, crystallize with lattice solvent, (bipy)2Th(SPh)4 crystallizes with no lattice solvent, and the selenolate (bipy)2Th(SePh)4 crystallizes in two phases, with and without lattice solvent. In all four compounds the available volume for coordination bounded by the two bipy ligands is large enough to allow significant conformational flexibility of thiolate or selenolate ligands. 77Se NMR confirms that the structures of the selenolate products are the same in pyridine solution and in the solid state. Attempts to prepare analogous derivatives with 2,2′,6′,2′′-terpyridine (terpy) were successful only in the isolation of (terpy)(py)Th(SPh)4, the first terpy compound of thorium. These materials are thermochromic, with color attributed to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excitations.
Evaluating PV Module Sample Removal Methods for TCLP Testing

Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment has grown exponentially since the early 2000s. Installed PV modules pose practically no health or environmental risks. However, the potential leaching of toxic chemicals and materials from broken end-of-life landfilled modules could pose health or environmental risks. As per existing EPA 1311 regulations, PV modules are categorized as general waste and are subjected to a Toxicity Characterization Leaching Procedure (TCLP) to determine if they contain any toxic metals that can possibly leach into the landfill. Depending on the toxicity result, modules may be classified as (1) universal waste, or as (2) hazardous waste. Currently, there is no standard procedure to remove samples from PV modules for chemical toxicity testing in the laboratories. In this paper, four different removal methods are presented along with their influence on the variability of toxicity test results for five different module manufacturers.
An 11‐year retrospective review of cyproheptadine use in serotonin syndrome cases reported to the California Poison Control System

WHAT IS KNOWN Cyproheptadine is a serotonin and histamine antagonist that has been suggested as a treatment for serotonin syndrome in case reports. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the differences between outcomes and treatment recommendations in patients who received and did not receive cyproheptadine for a probable serotonin syndrome. METHODS A retrospective review of cases reported to the California Poison Control System between 2006 and 2017 involving cyproheptadine administration or consideration for treatment of a probable serotonin syndrome. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 1420 cases were identified and 288 cases met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 68 (23.1%) patients received cyproheptadine treatment and were significantly older (mean age 49.7 vs 33.5 years, P < 0.00001), intubated (n = 35, 51% vs n = 62, 28%, P < 0.05) and, although not statistically significant, were more frequently admitted to a critical care unit (n = 56, 82.3% vs n = 154, 70.0%, P = 0.09). There were no significant differences in serious outcomes (moderate or worse effects) or hospitalization rates (OR, 1.09, 95% CI, 0.49-2.64 and OR, 1.99, 95% CI, 0.86-4.58). There were eight fatalities, of which two patients received cyproheptadine. All fatalities were acute polypharmacy ingestions and had manifested severe symptoms (seizures, hypotension or hyperthermia) either prior to the administration or consideration of cyproheptadine therapy. Cyproheptadine was not administered in 138 (48%) cases primarily due to minimal clinical severity and patient improvement (43%), and not recommended in 82 (28%) cases for reasons from waiting for response to other supportive measures (30%), limited evidence of efficacy (28%) and undetermined diagnosis (14.6%). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The benefits of and indications for cyproheptadine are uncertain and questionable for the management of a serotonin syndrome. Future recommendations on its use should be based on diagnostic criteria, severity of symptoms and management in conjunction with other supportive measures.
Single-photon transfer using levitated cavityless optomechanics

We theoretically explore a quantum memory using a single nanoparticle levitated in an optical dipole trap and subjected to feedback cooling. This protocol is realized by storing and retrieving a single-photon quantum state from a mechanical mode in levitated cavityless optomechanics. We describe the effectiveness of the photon-phonon-photon transfer in terms of the fidelity, the Wigner function, and the zero-delay second-order autocorrelation function. For experimentally accessible parameters, our numerical results indicate robust conversion of the quantum states of the input signal photon to those of the retrieved photon. We also show that high fidelity single-photon wavelength conversion is possible in the system as long as intense control pulses shorter than the mechanical damping time are used. Our work opens up the possibility of using levitated optomechanical systems for applications of quantum information processing.
Facets of Career Development in a New Immigrant Destination: Exploring the Associations Among School Climate, Belief in Self, School Engagement, and Academic Achievement:

With contemporary career challenges facing Latino/a youth, particularly those from immigrant communities, counselors and career development professionals may find it challenging to provide effectiv...
Biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of microbially produced branched biofuels.

The steadily increasing demand on transportation fuels calls for renewable fuel replacements. This has attracted a growing amount of research to develop advanced biofuels that have similar physical, chemical, and combustion properties with petroleum-derived fossil fuels. Early generations of biofuels, such as ethanol, butanol, and straight-chain fatty acid-derived esters or hydrocarbons suffer from various undesirable properties and can only be blended in limited amounts. Recent research has shifted to the production of branched-chain biofuels that, compared to straight-chain fuels, have higher octane values, better cold flow, and lower cloud points, making them more suitable for existing engines, particularly for diesel and jet engines. This review focuses on several types of branched-chain biofuels and their immediate precursors, including branched short-chain (C4–C8) and long-chain (C15–C19)-alcohols, alkanes, and esters. We discuss their biosynthesis, regulation, and recent efforts in their overproduction by engineered microbes.
Incidence of brain and spinal cord cancer and county-level radon levels in New Jersey, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Iowa, USA.

Ionizing radiation at diagnostic and therapeutic doses is a known contributor to the development of brain and spinal cord (CNS) cancer. However, little is known about risk from exposure to radon, a natural radiation source which the general population is exposed to residentially and environmentally. This study investigated correlations between mean county radon levels and CNS cancer incidence in five highly populated and radon-enriched US states (Minnesota, mean radon level 4.6 pCi/L; Wisconsin, 5.7 pCi/L; Pennsylvania, 8.6 pCi/L; Iowa, 6.1 pCi/L; and New Jersey, 4.4 pCi/L). Mean radon levels per county were accessed through AirChek, which provides publicly available radon data measured in residences and workplaces. CNS cancer incidence data were accessed through the states’ health department websites and span differing amounts of time due to the publicly accessible nature of the data, though all time spans were over 10 years. Negative binomial regressions were run to assess correlations between mean radon and CNS cancer incidence per county. Quantile maps were constructed and Moran’s I was calculated to assess spatial autocorrelation in residuals; no spatial autocorrelation was evident. Iowa was the only state with a significant positive association between radon and CNS incidence; no associations were detected in other states, and a negative association was observed in the 5 states combined. This study does not provide evidence that radon is a risk factor for CNS cancer; however, the possibility of an association cannot be ruled out due to limitations of the study, principally its ecologic nature and lack of individual-level exposure data.
Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of ethylenediamine synthetic opioids in human μ-opiate receptor 1 (OPRM1) expressing cells.

Opioids are powerful analgesics acting via the human μ-opiate receptor (hMOR). Opioid use is associated with adverse effects such as tolerance, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation. Two synthetic opioids, AH-7921 and U-47700 that were developed in the 1970s but never marketed, have recently appeared on the illegal drug market and in forensic toxicology reports. These agents were initially characterized for their analgesic activity in rodents; however, their pharmacology at hMOR has not been delineated. Thus, we synthesized over 50 chemical analogs based on core AH-7921 and U-47700 structures to assess for their ability to couple to Gαi signaling and induce hMOR internalization. For both the AH-7921 and U-47700 analogs, the 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl substituents were the most potent with comparable EC50 values for inhibition of cAMP accumulation; 26.49 ± 11.2 nmol L-1 and 8.8 ± 4.9 nmol L-1, respectively. Despite similar potencies for Gαi coupling, these two compounds had strikingly different hMOR internalization efficacies: U-47700 (10 μmol L-1) induced ~25% hMOR internalization similar to DAMGO while AH-7921 (10 μmol L-1) induced ~5% hMOR internalization similar to morphine. In addition, the R, R enantiomer of U-47700 is significantly more potent than the S, S enantiomer at hMOR. In conclusion, these data suggest that U-47700 and AH-7921 analogs have high analgesic potential in humans, but with divergent receptor internalization profiles, suggesting that they may exhibit differences in clinical utility or abuse potential.
L2 Chinese learners’ pragmatic developmental patterns in data-driven instruction and computer-mediated communication(CMC): A case of Chinese sentence final particle ne

Abstract This study examined second language (L2) Chinese learners’ developmental patterns of pragmatic competence in two computer-mediated communication (CMC) conditions: (1) CMC with data-driven instruction embedded in the course of CMC and (2) CMC without data-driven instruction. Learners’ pragmatic competence was operationalized as their ability to use a Chinese sentence final particle (SFP) ne during CMC with a native speaker partner. The study investigated: (1) whether learners (as a group) developed their use of ne over time in the two CMC conditions, and (2) how individual learners changed their use of ne (if any) in the two conditions. The quantitative analysis (token and type frequency of ne) revealed that CMC itself did not promote learners’ use of ne. However, it promoted learners’ production of ne when data-driven instruction was incorporated into CMC. Supporting the quantitative findings, the qualitative analysis showed that one learner in the CMC with data-driven instruction outperformed his counterpart in the CMC without data-driven instruction group in the diverse use of ne.
Pregnant Patient Perceptions of Provider Detection and Treatment of Insomnia

Objective: To survey pregnant patients about whether their health care providers assessed insomnia, the types of treatment recommendations providers made, and the types of treatments patients utilized. Participants: Participants were 423 English-speaking pregnant women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants self-reported insomnia symptoms on the Insomnia Severity Index and indicated whether they discussed their sleep with a health care provider, whether they received any recommendations to improve their sleep, and whether they utilized any interventions or aids to improve their sleep during their current pregnancy. Results: Approximately one-third (39%) of participants reported that they discussed their sleep with a health care provider at some point during their pregnancy. Among participants who reported moderate to severe insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index>14), 57% reported that they had discussed their sleep with a health care provider, and 28% reported receiving an insomnia diagnosis. Over-the-counter medication was the most commonly recommended (53%) and utilized (39%) sleep intervention among women with moderate to severe insomnia symptoms. Conclusions: According to patient report, insomnia may be under-detected during pregnancy. When insomnia is recognized, treatment recommendations do not match clinical practice guidelines or women's preferences for receiving cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia. Taken together with previous research on the prevalence and consequences of prenatal insomnia, these findings suggest the need for an increased focus on the importance of sleep during pregnancy.