cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metformin Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress & Attenuates Autophagy in Glucose Starved Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Metformin, the first choice of drug to treat diabetes, confers protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) & also suppress tumor growth albeit at high concentrations. Since scientific evidence suggest a strong association between diabetes & CVD & more recently between concurrent diabetes & cancer, it is important to evaluate how the microvascular endothelial cells (MECs), which receive the initial impact of reduced oxygen & nutrient/glucose starvation (GS) during a myocardial infarction or in a tumor microenvironment, respond to metformin treatment. In the present study we investigated the effect of varying concentrations of metformin on GS induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress & autophagy in MECs. Mouse Microvasuclar Endothelial Cells (MMECs) were subjected to GS for 24h in the presence & absence metformin (50μM & 2mM) & western blot analysis was performed to assess the induction of ER stress & autophagy. Immunofluorescence staining followed by confocal microscopy was also done to assess LC3B pun...
Ovarian cystectomy: a neglected operation.

Abstract Ovarian cystectomy, an operation designed to remove a benign cystadenoma and to spare a functioning portion of the ovary, should be more widely employed. This ovary-conserving procedure is indicated for the relatively youthful woman who has an obviously benign cystic tumor of the ovary; it has no place either in women of the fifth decade or when there is any doubt concerning the benign nature of the cyst. The author's technique of such cystectomy, modified from the one popularized by Victor Bonney in 1946, is illustrated by drawings, and a satisfactory 8 year experience with 40 such operations is detailed.
The effects of coupling nuclear radiation with static service stresses on pressure vessel material behavior

Abstract The nuclear service performance of two pressure vessel steels as influenced by the application of static stress during radiation exposure has been examined. Bar samples from an A350-LF1 (Modified) steel forging and from a heavy section A302-B steel plate were irradiated under uniaxial tension at 430°F and 550°F, respectively, together with unstressed (reference) specimens for comparisons of Charpy-V notch ductility performance. Applied stress levels were in excess of 75% of individual steel yield strengths at temperature. A brief description of the special exposure assembly and control instrumentation developed for this study is presented. Experimental data for both steels suggest no synergistic effect of applied stress and radiation on mechanical properties performance under conditions simulating nuclear service. The post-irradiation annealing response of the low alloy A302-B steel also was not found to be influenced by stress during irradiation.
Gauge-invariant three-gluon vertex in QCD

By resumming the Feynman graphs which contribute to any gauge-invariant process we explicitly construct, at one-loop order, a three-gluon vertex for QCD which is completely independent of the choice of gauge. This vertex satisfies a Ward identity of the type encountered in ghost-free gauges, relating the vertex to the proper self-energy of a previously constructed gluon propagator, also found by resumming graphs; like the vertex, this self-energy is completely gauge invariant. We also derive the gauge-invariant propagator and vertex via a second related technique which minimizes the dependence on embedding these objects in a gauge-invariant process; the same results are found as in the first technique. These results motivate a toy model of the nonlinear Schwinger-Dyson equation satisfied by the exact gauge-invariant three-gluon vertex. This model is nonperturbative and has infrared singularities, which we can remove via gluon mass generation; it shows many interesting features expected of QCD, such as a \ensuremath{\beta} function which is not Borel summable in perturbation theory.
Social status and reproductive success of male Macaca fascicularis.

Dominant males of nonseasonally breeding species should have more opportunity than seasonal breeders to monopolize access to estrous females and thus enhance their reproductive success. They may also use other strategies for maximizing reproductive success such as producing offspring by relatively high ranking females. To test these hypotheses, the paternity of 35 (80%) of 44 Macaca fascicularis offspring, born over a 28-month period, was established using electrophoretically and serologically defined genetic markers. The social ranks of each of the seven potential fathers and 26 potential mothers were determined by recording outcomes of dyadio agonistic interactions. No evidence could be found to support either hypothesis. Further, in view of previously reported significant, positive correlations between male social rank and sexual activity rates in this study group, sexual activity rates do not appear to predict the number of offspring a male sires in this species.
The functional compartmentation of mitochondrial hexokinase.

Abstract These studies examined the functional relationship between rat hepatic mitochondria and associated hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose-6-phosphotransferase, 2.7.1.1) to determine whether the binding of hexokinase to mitochondria might provide a privileged interaction with sites of ATP production. Initial kinetic analysis followed the sequential flow of phosphate through ATP generated by the mitochondria into glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by the bound hexokinase. Kinetics were compared with an identical bound hexokinase-mitochondrial system using externally supplied ATP. The hexokinase had lower apparent Km values for ATP generated in the mitochondria from supplied ADP than for ATP provided. Respiratory inhibitors blocked both the ADP- and ATP-mediated reactions. Tracer studies further documented that the mitochondrial hexokinase initially and preferentially utilized the internally generated nucleotide. These studies demonstrate that the active site of bound hexokinase is relatively inaccessible to extramitochondrial ATP. They provide evidence that bound hexokinase can sequentially accept mitochondrially generated ATP in a kinetically advantageous way. Finally, they support the assumption that mitochondrial binding of this acceptor enzyme may play a propitious role in cellular energy economy.
Data standards in health care.

Abstract [McDonald CJ, Schadow G, Suico J, Overhage JM. Data standards in health care. Ann Emerg Med. September 2001;38:303-311.]
Defect reduction through Lean methodology

Lean manufacturing is a systematic method of identifying and eliminating waste. Use of Lean manufacturing techniques at the IBM photomask manufacturing facility has increased efficiency and productivity of the photomask process. Tools, such as, value stream mapping, 5S and structured problem solving are widely used today. In this paper we describe a step-by-step Lean technique used to systematically decrease defects resulting in reduced material costs, inspection costs and cycle time. The method used consists of an 8-step approach commonly referred to as the 8D problem solving process. This process allowed us to identify both prominent issues as well as more subtle problems requiring in depth investigation. The methodology used is flexible and can be applied to numerous situations. Advantages to Lean methodology are also discussed.
Imagery archiving system

Solid state recorders have focused attention on the problem of long term data storage for reconnaissance systems. Storage was never viewed as a problem as long as the cost of storage remained relatively low. While there are many advantages to a completely digital/solid state imagery collection system, it is too expensive to use as a generic longterm storage medium.
Managing laptop security

The theft or loss of just one laptop containing sensitive data can have a devastating impact on an entire company. How would your company handle the problems that would arise? Right now, before a disaster happens, you need to do a use assessment inventory, say the authors of this article. That determines the type of exposure your laptop user might have if the laptop is stolen or lost. The authors then walk you through some procedures your company can adopt to prevent access to stolen or lost laptop data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SU‐E‐T‐381: Dosimetric Analysis of Patients Treated with Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using the Mammosite® and SAVI Applicators

Purpose: To present dosimetric data for patients undergoing Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) using the Mammosite® and Strut‐Adjusted Volume Implant (SAVI) applicators. Methods: We have treated 35 patients with Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) using high dose rate brachytherapy. These patients were treated per guidelines specified in the NSABP B‐39/RTOG 0413 protocol. The patients undergoing APBI have been treated with Mammosite® applicator (N=20) and SAVI applicator (N=15). The Mammosite® applicator used for all 20 patients was a single channel applicator. Single or multiple dwell positions were used as warranted by the type of balloon used and other clinical factors. The SAVI Applicator is a single‐entry, multi‐catheter device available in different sizes with 7, 9 and 11 catheters. The use of multiple catheters facilitates dose sculpting to improve treatment plan quality as well as reduce the skindose. Each treatment plan was evaluated for conformance of the dose to the PTV using commonly used dosimetric parameters. These parameters included balloon/cavity volume, PTV volume, V90, V100, V150 and V200. Results: The median V90 for the treatment plans delivered using the Mammosite® applicator was 99.7% (96.7%–99.8%) whereas it was 98.8% (96%–100.0%) for the patients treated with the SAVI applicator. Other data including the V100, V150, V200 and skindose will be presented. The impact/ importance of the data presented is that it provides useful information about the range of dosimetric parameters to be expected in treatment planning of APBI cases using these applicators. Conclusions: : Our results indicate that both the Mammosite® and SAVI applicators allow treatment planning and delivery of APBI per the guidelines specified in the NSABP B‐39/RTOG 0413 protocol.
Maps between iterated loop spaces

Abstract An obstruction theory is given which facilities the computation of Dyer-Lashof operations in the homology of iterated loop spaces. This theory investigates the behavior of these operations with respect to maps which are not endowed with enough structure to provide naturality. Examples are given which demonstrate how this technique can be used to compute Dyer-Lashof operations.
Antitrust effects of export promotion

This article identifies a potential source of gain from export promotion policies which stems from their effects on domestic competition. For a firm in a small country facing increasing costs of production, the level of exports is essentially a residual following the decision regarding domestic sales. It will tend to be inversely related to industry concentration and, where the latter is endogenous (as with an aggressive entry-preventing incumbent), policies affecting exports may also affect domestic market structure. The argument is made by way of a worked example, and its general applicability is discussed.
Impedance Spectroscopy of Petroleum Fluids at Low Frequency

Impedance spectroscopy enables fast and nondestructive dielectric characterization of petroleum fluids during different stages of exploration and processing. The majority of existing studies focused on frequencies above 103 Hz. The advantage of considering smaller frequencies is that more information on the electrical conductivity of the sample can be extracted. In this work, dielectric relaxation measurements on Boscan asphaltenes and maltenes are performed by impedance spectroscopy in the low-frequency range of 40−106 Hz. The data are analyzed within the formalism of complex impedance. As frequency increases, the system shifts from highly conducting below ∼10 Hz to highly insulating above 105 Hz. A comparison of impedance with electric modulus and permittivity suggests that only one primary relaxation mechanism exists between 10 and 105 Hz because of conductance effects. The alternating-current (AC) conductivity is almost independent of frequency below 105 Hz and increases with increasing frequency abov...
EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON CARDIAC CATECHOLAMINES.

Abstract The capicity of reserpine to deplete tissue stores of their catecholamines is well established. The extent to which the central action of this drug contributes to depletion of peripheral tissues is quite variable. Depletion of the adrenal medulla appears to be dependent in part, on an intact nerve supply to the gland, (15, 21) but the relative importance of this as compared to the peripheral action of reserpine varies from species to species (20, 7). In other peripheral organs, e.g. the heart, the depleting effect of reserpine appears to be mainly peripheral (6) although ganglionic blocking agents (14) and adrenergic neuron blocking agents (2) partially antagonize this action. Variations in the ease of release of amines from different peripheral structures and in different species justifies little generalization. Reports that reserpine causes a greater depletion of noradrenaline from a particular peripheral site in a given species are not necessarily applicable in another. In this report we present quantitative data concerning dose responses, enroute effects, and on the time course of reserpine's effect upon cardiac catecholamines in rats. Finally, this paper reports observations on the effect of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor on repletion of depleted cardiac catecholamine stores after reserpine.
Specular reflection in radiant heat transport across a spherical void

Abstract The emissivity factor for radiant heat transport across a spherical void with specular surfaces in a conducting solid is derived. To calculate the emissivity factor, the probability of all possible paths for radiation are formulated and summed. Emissivity factors for the diffuse and specular limits are compared. The resulting temperature dependence of void space radiation for several typical oxide materials is discussed.
A preliminary risk-benefit assessment of paclitaxel.

Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent, first isolated and described in 1971. Despite its novel structure and apparent activity in vitro, little interest was shown in developing the compound because of its scarcity, problems with its formulation and the mistaken assumption that its mechanism of action was similar to that of the vinca alkaloids.
LOREN EISELEY: RELIGIOUS SCIENTIST

. Loren Eiseley is known both as a scientist and an essayist/poet. The disillusionment with science and technology among many in the late 1950s and the search for new values in the 1960s help account for Eiseley's significance as a writer. He appears to offer a solution to mankind's contemporary disillusionment by reminding that science has limits and that intuitive, nonscientific insight is valid, especially when it is complementary to scientific knowledge. The thesis of this essay is that in content and style Eiseley writes as a religious writer in the sense that he reaffirms what is necessary for humankind to be happy and even to be “saved.”
Toward large-scale access-transistor-free memristive crossbars

Memristive crossbars have been shown to be excellent candidates for building an ultra-dense memory system because a per-cell access-transistor may no longer be necessary. However, the elimination of the access-transistor introduces several parasitic effects due to the existence of partially-selected devices during memory accesses, which could limit the scalability of access-transistor-free (ATF) memristive crossbars. In this paper we discuss these challenges in detail and describe some solutions addressing these challenges at multiple levels of design abstraction.
Differential response between diabetes and stress-induced hyperglycaemia to algorithmic use of detemir and flexible mealtime aspart among stable postcardiac surgery patients requiring intravenous insulin.

Aim: To determine whether an insulin algorithm could be used in a similar manner in the setting of diabetes and stress hyperglycaemia following cessation of intravenous (IV) insulin after cardiac surgery. Methods: Subjects who were clinically stable, requiring ≥1 unit/h of IV insulin 48 h after surgery, were randomized to once daily detemir at 50, 65 or 80% of IV insulin requirements and received aspart according to carbohydrate intake. Diabetes was defined as any history of diabetes or preoperative HbA1c 6.5%. Results: The morning glucose in patients with diabetes was 143 mg/dl (n = 61) vs. 124 mg/dl in those with stress hyperglycaemia (n = 21,p = 0.05) on day 1 and 127 vs. 110 mg/dl over 72 h (p = 0.01). This was unaffected by adjustment for initial dosing group. At 72 h, 56% of patients with stress hyperglycaemia reached AM (80–130 mg/dl) and 87% reached overall (80–180 mg/dl) glucose targets, compared to 90 and 100% of patients with stress hyperglycaemia, respectively. There was no difference in hypoglycaemia in patients with stress hyperglycaemia or diabetes. The percentage of patients with diabetes receiving insulin was 46% on admission and 77% at discharge, compared to 0 and 42% of patients with stress hyperglycaemia. Conclusions: Following cardiac surgery, patients with stress hyperglycaemia may be converted from IV insulin to detemir with a 50% conversion factor, while patients with diabetes may require a higher conversion factor. Stress hyperglycaemia may be prolonged; the intensity and duration of insulin therapy required for optimal outcomes warrants further examination.
Preliminary Report on Feeding Activity and Hypothalamic Temperature in Goats

Abstract Hypothalamic temperature change has been suggested as a stimulus for satiety in ruminants, perhaps mainly because they have a high heat increment immediately following a meal. An experiment was designed to determine the relationship between feeding behavior and body temperature changes. A needle thermistor was implanted in the medial hypothalamus of each of two goats. The goats were tested under the following conditions: water ad lib. (control); feeding period after a 20-hr fast (grain); 1,000 g of grain force fed through a ruminal cannula; 250 ml of 1.0 m acetic acid injected intraruminally; and 2 ml/min of 2.5 m NaAc injected intraruminally for two hours. The hypothalamic temperature decreased following eating, the force feed, and both acid and the salt injections. The fact that hypothalamic temperature does not increase during a large meal or a force feed is evidence that short term satiety in ruminants is not normally a function of hypothalamic temperature. The feed intake depression shown to follow intraruminal acetate injections is apparently not a result of an increased hypothalamic temperature.
TRUCK BACKHAULING ON NETWORKS WITH MANY TERMINALS

Abstract Truck backhauling reduces empty truck-miles by having drivers haul loads on trips back to their home terminal. This paper develops a model to help coordinate backhauling between many (more than two) terminals. Two mathematical programming formulations of this backhauling problem are given. One formulates it as a “matching” problem that leads to a heuristic for solving the very large backhauling problems that arise in practice. Using Lagrangian relaxation, the other formulation allows a very tight bound on the optimal solution to be calculated. The quality of the heuristic solution can be determined by comparison with this bound. A large scale example based on actual truck shipments demonstrates how the model might be used in planning truck backhauling. For this example, the heuristic yields a solution within 1% of optimal.
Sex differences in the regulation of heat shock protein 70 kDa and 90 kDa in the rat ventromedial hypothalamus by estrogen.

Abstract The regulation of heat shock proteins 70 kDa (hsp70) and 90 kDa (hsp90) by estradiol (EB) was examined in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of gonadectomized adult female and male rats with and without estradiol replacement. Estradiol significantly elevated hsp70 and hsp90 protein concentrations in EB-treated VMH of females, but not males, sacrificed at 12 h following steroid hormone compared with oil-vehicle controls. These findings confirm our previous observations that EB induces hsp70 and hsp90 in the female VMH 16,17 . The sex differences for the two proteins may occur by different mechanisms, since basal hsp70 levels were higher in males than females, whereas hsp90 levels were similar for the two sexes.
Secondary soft tissue compromise in tongue-type calcaneus fractures.

Objectives: Open wounds occur with calcaneus fracture from direct application of force and from tearing along the medial side of the fracture as the tuberosity displaces laterally. Secondary soft tissue injury can also occur from pressure of the displaced fracture fragments. Tongue-type fractures of the calcaneus lead to variable amounts of displacement of the posterior tuberosity. This displacement may threaten the posterior soft tissue envelope. Because many calcaneus fractures are splinted initially and immobilized for several weeks until swelling resolves, failure to acutely recognize the potential for posterior skin breakdown may lead to severe soft tissue morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of posterior skin involvement in tongue-type calcaneus fractures and to determine the patient and fracture characteristics that lead to high-risk situations. Setting: University level I trauma center. Patients/Participants: All tongue-type calcaneus fractures treated at 1 institution between 2002 and 2007 were identified from a trauma registry. Of 954 patients with calcaneal fractures, 139 tongue-type calcaneus fractures in 127 patients formed the study group. Intervention: Patient demographics, comorbidities, injury mechanism, fracture displacement, and time to presentation were evaluated. Those injuries that were associated with posterior, secondary soft tissue breakdown were identified and compared to those without breakdown. Main Outcome Measurements: Univariate analysis and stepwise multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify significant predictors of posterior soft tissue compromise. Results: Twenty-nine fractures (21%) had some degree of posterior skin compromise at presentation, including 12 with threatened skin, 10 with partial thickness breakdown, and 7 with full thickness breakdown. Six soft tissue coverage procedures and one amputation resulted. Patients with posterior skin compromise were less likely to have a fall mechanism (P = 0.001), had significantly greater fracture displacement (P = 0.007), were more likely to smoke (P = 0.039), and were more frequently referred on a delayed basis (P = 0.007). Those with threatened posterior skin who were treated emergently with percutaneous reduction did not progress to soft tissue compromise. Conclusion: A high incidence (21%) of posterior skin compromise occurs in tongue-type calcaneus fractures. These should be treated with immediate reduction, plantarflexion splinting, and close monitoring. Although mechanism, displacement, and time to presentation were significantly correlated with posterior skin involvement, the surgeon should be aware of this potential complicating factor in all tongue-type fractures.
The space of super light rays for D=10, N=1 superconformal structures

Abstract We construct the space of super light rays for a D =10, N =1 superconformal structure. A super Ward correspondence is then established between D =10, N =1 supersymmetric Yang–Mills field equations on 10-dimensional spaces of the form M 4 × M 6 (where M 4 is a four-dimensional complex space–time and M 6 is six-dimensional complex Minkowski space) and superbundles over the space of super light rays which are trivial on normal embedded quadrics. This result reduces in four dimensions to the equivalence of connections satisfying the D =4, N =4 SSYM field equations and superconnections integrable along super light rays also satisfying an added geometrical constraint coming from dimensional reduction. This extends the work of Witten and of Harnad and Shnider done on flat Minkowski space.
Binary Oppositions: Reinscribing Ethnoracial Hierarchies in Institutional Settings

Los procesos de identificacion etnoracial en los Estados Unidos y de la politica de identidad que los caracteriza permanecen sujetos a la polarizacion historica entre blancos y negros. El articulo examina una instancia de estos procesos dentro del ambito de una institucion academica elite. Especificamente plantea la problematica de la reproduccion sociocultural y la perpetuacion de las estructuras y jerarquias etnoraciales predominantes al documentar la reconstitucion estratificada de distintos grupos etnoraciales a tenor con el esquema polarizado el cual entra en el proceso de administracion academica en la toma de decisiones concernientes distintos programas de estudios etnicos.
Scaling the size of a formation using relative position feedback

We consider a multiagent coordination problem where the objective is to steer a team of mobile agents into a formation of variable size. We assume the shape description of the formation is known to all agents, but the desired size scaling of the formation is known only to a subset of agents. We present two strategies that allow the agents to maneuver to the desired scaled formation using only local relative position information. These strategies can be implemented using information gathered via local sensors and no interagent communication. We compare the two methods through several examples with simulations.
The Hobbling of Coal: Policy and Regulatory Uncertainties

The inevitable by-product of societal concern over the side effects of coal production and use is greater than recognized difficulties to meet coal production goals. Thus, society faces the need to make trade-offs it is not adequately anticipating. The primary influences have come from air pollution regulation dealing with sulfur oxides; regulations in this realm were strengthened in 1977. Questions exist about the ability to meet these requirements and about whether tighter controls will be imposed on other pollutants. Problems also exist on the production side—labor unrest, stripmine reclamation requirements, and delays in leasing federally owned coal.
Radiatively coupled thermionic and thermoelectric power system concept

The study presented showed that the large power systems (about 100 kW) utilizing radiatively coupled thermionic or thermoelectric converters could be designed so that the power subsystem could be contained in a Space Shuttle bay as a part of an electrically propelled spacecraft. The radiatively coupled system requires a large number of individual converters since the transferred heat is smaller than with the conductively coupled system, but the advantages of the new system indicates merit for further study. The advantages are (1) good electrical isolation between converters and the heat source, (2) physical separation of converters from the heat source (making the system fabrication manageable), and (3) elimination of radiator heat pipes, which are required in an all-heat-pipe power system. In addition, the specific weight of the radiatively coupled power systems favorably compares with that of the all-heat-pipe systems.
Plastid DNA is not detectable in the male gametes and pollen tubes of an angiosperm (Antirrhinum majus) that is maternal for plastid inheritance

Prior cytological observations using DAPI/epifluorescence microscopy have suggested that the method could be used to rapidly screen plant species for their potential mode of plastid DNA transmission. Cytoplasmic DAPI-DNA aggregates were observed in generative cells of germinated pollen of Medicago sativa (alfalfa), a species known genetically to display biparental transmission, but not in Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), a species known to be maternal for plastid transmission. If, as suggested, these aggregates are plastid DNA nucleoids, then M. sativa pollen should contain plastid DNA detectable by molecular biology methods and A. majus pollen should not. Total DNA was isolated from germinated pollen and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. A clone containing part of the rbcL gene from the garden pea plastome was used as a probe for plastid DNA. This probe hybridized with a restriction fragment from M. sativa pollen DNA, but not detectably with A. majus pollen DNA, thereby corroborating the identification of the cytoplasmic DAPI-DNA aggregates in M. sativa pollen as plastid DNA, and confirming the cytologically determined absence of plastic DNA in A. majus pollen.
DØ detector status

The status of the DO detector1 at the Fermilab pp Collider is presented. Included also are beam test results and Monte Carlo simulations which show that the detector design is well matched to its physics goals.
HEDGING WITH INTERNATIONAL STOCK INDEX FUTURES: AN INTERTEMPORAL ERROR CORRECTION MODEL

In this paper we extend the traditional price change hedge ratio estimation method by applying the theory of cointegration to hedging with stock index futures contracts for France (CAC 40), the United Kingdom (FTSE 100), Germany (DAX), and Japan (NIKKEI). Previous studies ignore the last period's equilibrium error and short-run deviations. The findings of this study indicate that the hedge ratios obtained from the error correction method are superior to those obtained from the traditional method as evidenced by the likelihood ratio test and out-of-sample forecasts. Using the procedures developed in this paper, hedgers can control the risk of their portfolios more effectively at a lower cost.
Utilization of an experimenter-controlled manikin in analysis of social stimuli maintaining behavior of an autistic-like child.

Srmmasy.-A two-part exploratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of utilizing an experimenter-controlled human-like manikin in analyzing the social stimuli maintaining and controlling the behavior of a 10-yr.old nonverbal, autistic-like child. In Phase I the frequency and duration of 7 behaviors emitted in the presence of a male, female, or manikin were recorded. Phase 11 involved measurements of 8 behaviors emitted during 6 conditions in which the social stimulus properties of the manikin were systematically varied with respect to the extent to which the manikin appeared "human-like.'' The behaviors emitted by this particular child in the presence of the manikin, during Phase I, were similar to those observed in the presence of humans. In Phase I1 various behaviors emitted by the child were systematically varied as a function of the degree to which the manikin resembled and behaved like a human. The potential utility of utilizing an experimenter-controlled manikin in rhe analysis and possible modification of behavior is discussed.
Defect analysis of thin film Si-based alloys deposited by hot-wire CVD using junction capacitance methods

Abstract We evaluate and compare the electronic properties of hot-wire CVD deposited a-Si:H and a-Si,Ge:H films with those produced by the glow discharge (PECVD) method. A good indicator of film quality with respect to solar cell applications is the narrowness of the band tail widths determined by transient photocapacitance (TPC) spectroscopy. We focus on the excellent electronic properties of hot-wire CVD a-Si,Ge:H alloys that have recently been produced by a 1800 °C filament temperature process. These alloy samples were compared to a-Si,Ge:H films of the same optical gaps deposited by PECVD. Light-induced degradation was examined in a few samples and compared to the behavior PECVD a-Si,Ge:H alloys of similar optical gap. The effects of intentional oxygen contamination were also studied on a series of HWCVD a-Si,Ge:H samples containing 29at.% Ge.
Contracting for tacit knowledge: the provision of technical services in technology licensing contracts

Abstract Recent research on the economic payoff from new technology has emphasized the importance of tacit knowledge or know-how. This paper shows that arm's length contract can overcome the problems in contracting for know-how by bundling complementary inputs with know-how in a technology package, and leveraging the superior enforceability of contracts over the latter. In the empirical part of this paper, the relationship between bundling and transfer of know-how is analyzed, using Indian data. The results imply that tied sales of inputs may increase the efficiency of contracts involving the transfer of know-how. A striking result, in the context of the current North-South debates on intellectual property rights, is the packaging of patents with know-how.
Modeling of microstructural evolution under irradiation

Abstract Microstructural evolution under irradiation is an extremely complex phenomenon involving numerous interacting mechanisms which alter both the microstructure and microchemistry of structural alloys. Predictive procedures which correlate primary irradiation and material variables to microstructural response are needed to extrapolate from the imperfect data base, which will be available, to fusion reactor conditions. Clearly, a marriage between models and experiments is needed. Specific steps to achieving such a marriage in the form of composite correlation model analysis are outlined and some preliminary results presented. The strongly correlated nature of microstructural evolution is emphasized and it is suggested that rate theory models, resting on the principle of material balances and focusing on coupled point defect-microchemical segregation processes, may be a practical approach to correlation model development.
Ensuring the Performance of Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels for Long-Time Service

Structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel is a critical element in demonstrating the capability of light water reactors for operation to at least 80 y. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program Plan is a collaborative program between the U.S. Department of Energy and the private sector directed at extending the life of the present generation of nuclear power plants to enable such long-time operation. Given that the current generation of light water reactors were intended to operate for 40 y, there are significant issues that need to be addressed to reduce the uncertainties in regulatory application. The neutron dose to the vessel will at least double, and the database for such high dose levels under the low flux conditions in the vessel is nonexistent. Associated with this factor are uncertainties regarding flux effects, effects of relatively high nickel content, uncertainties regarding application of fracture mechanics, thermal annealing and reirradiation. The issue of high neutron fluence/long irradiation times and flux effects is the highest priority. Both data and mechanistic understanding are needed to enable accurate, reliable embrittlement predictions at high fluences. This paper discusses the major issues associated with long-time operation of existing RPVs, the LWRSP plans to address those issues, and recent relevant results.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Shear fracture of confined NaCl nanofilms

Abstract Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation was employed to study the mechanism of shear fracture in confined brittle NaCl crystal films. Six different representative volume elements (RVEs) were developed from single crystal NaCl. Two different crystal orientations were considered. Uniform shear displacements were applied to the confining rigid atoms. Crack was created at the center of each RVE by removing few atoms from the perfect crystal. For any RVE, the applied shear deformation causes the crack to propagate and initiates the fracture process. For any orientation and any degree of confinements, crack kinking was observed. The mode of crack propagation, however, was found to be heavily crystal orientation dependent. For each model, failure strain, stress and stress intensity factor were calculated. It is found that as the height/crack length ratio decreases, the fracture strength against shear loading increases.
Sputter Deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-xThin Films with Low Gas Pressure

Thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-x have been prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering using a single oxide target with a low operating gas pressure of 0.5 Pa at which almost all the sputtered atoms reach the substrate without colliding with the gas. In spite of the low oxygen partial pressure of 0.25 Pa, sufficient oxygen was supplied to the film during the deposition to form the superconducting phase on a MgO(100) substrate. The Tc of the as-grown film rose with the increase of the substrate temperature and reached 83 K at 650°C. Thanks to the high reactivity and high kinetic energy of the depositing atoms, superconducting films with excellent crystallinity were obtained over a wide range of the substrate temperature between 525 and 650°C despite the high deposition rate of 2 A/s, and the 123phase was formed even at 500°C.
A Cryptorchid Rocky Mountain Mule Deer

On September 23, 1953, a Rocky Mountain mule deer ( Odocoileus h. hemionus ) was killed one mile west of Loyalton, Sierra County, California, by Mr. K. …
Structural Design Capacity of X120 Linepipe

A new high strength steel linepipe with a specified minimum yield strength of 120 ksi (X120) has recently been introduced to industry. The newly developed linepipe meets all mechanical property targets of an X120 grade material as verified through an extensive small and large-scale experimental program. Design equations have been developed and verified with full scale testing that allow pipeline designs that take full economic advantage of the higher strength of X120. This paper focuses on the development and verification of capacity equations for bending loads, external pressure (collapse) loads, combined bending and external pressure loads, and internal pressure (burst) loads. The corresponding response of the pipe was investigated with finite element analysis (FEA). Analytical equations that predict the burst, bending, and collapse capacities were then established based on parametric studies performed using FEA models. To gain confidence in the models, full size pipe tests were conducted and the results compared to FEA. The testing demonstrated that the FEA models accurately predict the behavior of the X120 pipe. Modifications to the existing equations were made when necessary to ensure the capacity equations correctly capture the pipe response for higher D/t ratios and for the higher strength X120 material. Material sensitivity studies show that the new equations accurately predict the X120 behavior over the range of load conditions evaluated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Lack of effect of enteral antibiotics on the post-burn hypermetabolic response.

Abstract Burn patients who survive the initial 24h following major burn injury commonly develop a marked hypermetabolism. One of the possible mechanisms of this increased metabolic rate is gut translocation of bacteria and endotoxin following burn injury. We attempted to decrease the hypermetabolism by administering various antibiotic and endotoxin binding agents enterally in a burned guinea-pig model. Adult guinea-pigs were given polymyxin B, trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, or neomycin and clindamycin, or Kaopectate, sodium deoxycholate, neomycin, clindamycin and polymyxin B. A control group received no drugs. The drugs were administered through a gastrostomy tube beginning the day before burn injury and continuing for 14 days. There was no significant decrease in the resting metabolic rate in any of the treated groups compared to controls. Neither enteral antibiotics nor endotoxin binding agents were able to induce at significant reduction in the post-burn hypermetabolic response in this model.
Comparison between CVD and thermal oxide dielectric integrity

Low-pressure chemical vapor deposited (CVD) oxide and thermal oxide of identical thickness (360 A) are compared. CVD oxide exhibits much lower incidence of breakdown at the electric fields below 8 MV/cm, in agreement with the notion that the breakdown is largely due to the incorporation of impurities in the silicon substrate into the oxide during thermal oxidation. Furthermore, CVD oxide shows identical IV characteristics as thermal oxide and significantly lower rates of electron and hole trapping. Based on these results, CVD oxide may be an intriguing candidate for thin dielectric applications.
Propagation of obliquely incident water waves over a trench

The diffraction of obliquely incident surface waves by an asymmetric trench is investigated using linearized potential theory. A numerical solution is constructed by matching particular solutions for each subregion of constant depth along vertical boundaries ; the resulting matrix equation is solved numerically. Several cases where the trench-parallel wavenumber component in the incident-wave region exceeds the wavenumber for freely propagating waves in the trench are investigated and are found to result in large reductions in wave transmission ; however, reflection is not total owing to the finiteness of the obstacle. Results for one case are compared with data obtained from a small-scale wave-tank experiment. An approximate solution based on plane-wave modes is derived and compared with the numerical solution and, in the long-wave limit, with a previous analytic solution. 1. Introduction The problem of the diffraction of incident waves by a finite obstacle in an otherwise infinite and uniform domain remains of general interest in linear wave theory. Several geometries of interest can be schematized by domains divided into separate regions by vertical geometrical boundaries, with the fluid depth being constant in each subdomain. Representative two-dimensional problems, with the boundary geometry uniform in the direction normal to the plane of interest, include those of elevated rectangular sills, fixed or floating rectangular obstacles at the water surface, and submerged trenches. The approach to the solution of problems of this type has typically been to construct solutions for each constant-depth subdomain in terms of eigenfunction expansions of the velocity potential ; the solutions are then matched at the vertical boundaries, resulting in sets of linear integral equations which must be truncated to a finite number of terms and solved numerically. One of the earliest solutions of this type was given by Takano (1960), who studied the cases of normal wave incidence on an elevated sill and fixed obstacle at the surface. In this study, we employ a modification of Takano’s method, discussed in $3. Newman (19653) also employed an integral-equation approach to study reflection and transmission of waves normally incident on a single step between finite- and infinite-depth regions. A variational approach, developed by Schwinger to study discontinuitiesin waveguides (see Schwinger & Saxon 1968) has been used by Miles (1967), to study Newman’s single-step problem, and by Mei & Black (1969), who studied the symmetric elevated sill and a floating rectangular cylinder. Lassiter (1 972), using the variational approach, studied waves normally incident on a rectangular trench where the water depths before and after the trench are constant but not necessarily equal, referred to here as the asymmetric case. Lee &
The long-term effects of diazepam, lorazepam, and buspirone on behavioral suppression by a shock signal

1. Two experiments examined the long-term effects of treatment with buspirone (a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic), diazepam, or Lorazepam (two pharmacokinetically distinct benzodiazepines) on the capacity of a shock cue to disrupt appetitively conditioned behavior. 2. In Experiment 1, rats were injected with diazepam (5 mg/kg), buspirone (1.5 mg/kg or .75 mg/kg), or saline shortly before each of 12 bar press training sessions. Injections were suspended and three days later the rats received five days of Pavlovian fear conditioning (bars removed) in which a tone signaled shock. The capacity of the tone to disrupt bar pressing was then assessed. 3. Bar pressing of rats previously injected with diazepam was more suppressed by the shock cue than that of rats previously injected with buspirone or saline. The long-term effects of buspirone and saline did not differ. 4. In Experiment 2, Lorazepam had effects different from diazepam during bar press training. Nonetheless, rats previously injected with Lorazepam were also more disrupted by a shock cue than were controls. 5. The results suggest that one long-term consequence of treatment with benzodiazepines may be hypersensitivity to behavioral disruption by stimuli that presumably elicit fear or anxiety.
Report from the president. The biological stain commission: its goals, its past and its present status.

This is a brief overview of the goals, evolution, and present status of the Biological Stain Commission. The main function of the Commission is the testing and certification of dye batches intended for biological applications. The testing is supported by charges made for batch testing and by the sale of certification labels affixed to individual dye containers. Submission of dyes for testing is voluntary, depending on the cooperation of the companies who sell them and the consumers who buy them. The supportive role of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry—both past and present—is not well known and should be. Increasingly federal regulations affect the production, availability, and cost of dyes. Commission income from the sale of labels has decreased in recent years. Continuation of its work requires changes that will produce more income. Much dye is now sold in solutions instead of dry powders. The value of using Stain Commission certified dyes whenever possible is illustrated by t...
A Bayesian view of temporary components in asset prices

Abstract This paper studies models in which the a stock price contains a random walk and a stationary component, as in Fama and French [Fama, Eugene F., and Kenneth R. French, 1988, Permanent and Temporary Components of Stock Returns, Journal of Political Economy 96, 246–273.] and Poterba and Summers [Poterba, James, and Lawrence Summers, 1988, Mean Reversion in Stock Prices: Evidence and Implications, Journal of Financial Economics 22, 27–59.]. We extend this model to allow for two latent factors which generate short term and long term autocorrelations, respectively. To facilitate econometric identification, we assume that these factors are common across multiple asset returns, and we estimate the factor loadings. In an application to size and book/market sorted portfolios, we find the short term factor economically and statistically insignificant. Estimates of parameters relating to the long range component suggest that portfolios of small firm stock display about three times the amount of mean reversion than for large firm stocks. Overall, the evidence suggests that mean reversion is largely a small firm phenomenon. The evidence is consistent with dynamic equilibrium models in which asset prices co-integrate with aggregate consumption or dividends.
Microbead dynamics in optical trap assisted nanopatterning

Optical near-field techniques allow one to overcome diffraction by positioning an optical element in close proximity to the surface of interest. In optical trap assisted nanopatterning, this optical element is a microbead optically trapped above the substrate in a liquid environment. Using high-speed microscopy, we show that under certain conditions, the laser pulse creates a gas bubble under the bead and that this bubble displaces the bead before disappearing. The bead then returns to its original position under the action of the scattering force of the optical trap. We measure the bead vertical trajectory and extract its terminal velocity in order to calculate the magnitude of the trapping force exerted on the bead. This work opens the way to a better understanding of the bead-surface interactions under laser irradiation and, therefore, contributes to the development of near-field techniques.