cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-throughput genotyping in osteosarcoma identifies multiple mutations in phosphoinositide-3-kinase and other oncogenes.

BACKGROUND: The identification of new genes that are mutated in osteosarcomas is critical to developing a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and discovering new targets for therapeutic development. METHODS: The authors identified somatic nonsynonymous coding mutations in oncogenes associated with human cancers and hotspot mutations from tumor suppressor genes that were either well described in the literature or observed multiple times in human cancer sequencing efforts. Then, 961 mutations in 89 genes were systematically characterized across 98 osteosarcoma tumor samples and cell lines. All identified mutations were replicated on an independent platform using homogeneous mass extend matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS: In total, 14 mutations were identified in at least 1 osteosarcoma tumor sample or cell line. Some of the genetic changes identified were in tumor suppressor genes previously identified as altered in osteosarcoma: p53 (argininehistidine at codon 273 [R273H], Rcysteine at codon 723 [R273C], and tyrosineC at codon 163 [Y163C]) and retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) (glutamic acid* at codon 137 [E137*]). Notably, multiple mutations were identified in phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), catalytic, alpha polypeptide (PIK3CA) (H1047R, Elysine at codon 545 [E545K], and Hproline at codon 701 [H701P]) that were not observed previously in osteosarcoma. In addition, mutations in v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) (glycineserine at codon 12 [G12S]); cubilin (CUBN) (isolucinevaline at codon 3189 [I3189V]; observed in 2 separate tumor samples); cadherin 1, type 1, epithelial (CDH1) (alaninethreonine at codon 617 [A617T]; observed in 2 separate tumor samples); catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88 kDa (CTNNB1) (asparagineS at codon 287 [N287S]); and fibrous sheath CABYR binding protein (FSCB) (Sleucine at codon 775 [S775L]) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this largest mutational profiling of osteosarcoma to date, the authors identified for the first time several mutations involving the PI3K pathway, adding osteosarcoma to the growing list of malignancies with PI3K mutations. In addition, they initiated a mutational map detailing DNA sequence changes across a variety of osteosarcoma subtypes and offered new candidates for therapeutic targeting. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cyclin E expression is correlated with tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND Cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (cdks), and their inhibitors act in combination to regulate progression through the cell cycle and often are dysregulated in carcinoma. The authors hypothesized that cyclin E plays an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and that its overexpression may be an indicator of a poor prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin E expression was performed by image analysis in normal ovaries, cystadenomas, tumors of low malignant potential, and 405 primary ovarian carcinomas by using tissue microarray technology. RESULTS Overexpression of cyclin E was found in 63.2% of the samples and was associated with clear cell, poorly differentiated, and serous carcinoma (P ≤ .001), high-grade tumors (P ≤ .001), late-stage disease (P = .002), age older than 60 years at the time of diagnosis (P = .04), and suboptimal cytoreduction (P = .001). A high percentage of cyclin E-expressing cells was associated with a poor outcome in univariate and in multivariate analyses. In addition, cyclin E levels also reduced survival in the late-stage disease group and in patients who underwent suboptimal debulking. CONCLUSIONS Cyclin E was identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma. The accumulation of cyclin E protein may be a late event in tumorigenesis and may contribute to disease progression in these patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Synergistic integration of automatic dependent surveillance and Loran-C in the North Caribbean area

Analytical and simulation models are described which can evaluate the use of automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) with precise navigation for intersecting track route structures. Although the analysis is applied for an area where Loran-C is available, it is also relevant to GPS. It is shown that, by combining ADS and accurate navigation such as Loran-C, it may be possible to raise the flow rates on intersecting tracks by as much as an order of magnitude over those possible using current over-the-ocean air traffic control (ATC) procedures. This new concept would provide for the same level of safety as current procedures.
Potassium, illite and the ocean

Abstract Not only do clays extract material from the ocean but they also contribute. Sufficient clay has passed through the ocean to exert a significant influence on its chemical composition. The extraction of potassium by the formation of illite is considered by some to be one of the more important processes operative in the sea. Some of the assumptions on which this idea is based are critically evaluated. Clay minerals are presently adsorbing from the ocean more Na + and Mg 2+ than K + . Younger sediments have relatively more Na + and montmorillonite and less K and illite than older sediments. This change occurs near the end of the Paleozic and appears to be world wide. The change is believed due to an increase in the Na, and perhaps Mg, content of the oceans, caused by the rapid development of plant life and an increase in soil acidity. Montmorillonite, rather than illite, was formed in the Cenozoic and Mesozoic oceans. Much of the Paleozoic and Precambrian illite was formed on the land rather than in the ocean. Primitive biota may have aided in concentrating K in the early terrestial environment. Less than 10 % of the K + carried to the ocean today is in solution. This value may have been even smaller in the past. Considerably less K, in solution, has been cycled through the ocean than has been assumed. Since the late Paleozoic a major portion of the K removed from the ocean has been removed in the interstitial waters trapped in marine and deltaic muds. Only after deep burial is this K fixed in the illite lattice.
The electrocardiogram of myocardopathy.

Abstract Myocardopathies rank among the most common cardiac disorders. Although causing a diversity of findings, myocardial disease may be sufficiently characteristic to justify clinical diagnosis. Prolonged observation of living patients and careful correlations of ECG and autopsy findings has improved the physician's ability to assess this group of diseases. Mild myocardial involvement causes T wave abnormalities; severe myocardial involvement causes bundle branch block and hypertrophy patterns. Block of the left bundle branch system is the most common abnormality observed in autopsied cases of chronic myocardopathy and generally represents wide-spread pathology. Both acute and chronic myocardial disease may simulate myocardial infarction. Any arrhythmia may occur at any stage of the disease; ventricular irritability is frequent and relates to the sudden deaths which often terminate myocardopathy, sometimes when pathologic findings are only moderately advanced. Most patients maintain sinus rhythm; only 10 per cent have atrial fibrillation or flutter, usually paroxysmal. The PR interval frequently lengthens, yet complete AV block is rare. QT prolongation occurs in most cases. Certain secondary myocardopathies present distinctive patterns. Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis often causes deep Q deflections in the left precordial leads. Cardiac amyloidosis commonly causes low voltage and may lead to deep, broad Q deflections resembling myocardial infarction. Muscular dystrophy may give rise to tall right precordial R deflections; glycogen storage disease often shortens the PR interval. Chagas disease commonly causes right bundle branch block with left axis deviation. The evolution of electrocardiographic changes has important prognostic significance. Serial electrocardiography is essential to the proper management of myocardial disease.
Mass spectral fragmentation of 24, 24‐diphenyl‐23‐ene derivatives of cholic acid

Abstract After electron impact in the mass spectrometer, 24,24-diphenyl-23-ene derivatives of cholic acid ejected the 17-sidechain as an ionized 1,1-diphenyl-butadiene derivative, and the 12α-acetoxy group activated this loss. This contrasts markedly with the mass spectrometric fragmentation of typical sterols having unsaturated 17-sidechains that are also devoid of functionality on the C-ring.
Odilon Redon and the Pasteurian revolution: health, illness, and le monde invisible.

Argument Odilon Redon's dark-spirited charcoals and lithographs of the last quarter of the nineteenth century responded to developments in science, including the Pasteurian revolution. Rather than celebrating the progressive potential of science, Redon's noirs engaged national anxieties that attended scientific advances. His position was close to the Decadents of the 1880s who dwelled on themes of illness and decay. While the artist's original biographer Andre Mellerio referred to the artist's fascination with Pasteur and his microbial world, where in a single drop of water “there arises the spectacle of giants of a gripping horror and a frightful, predatory nature,” the topic has virtually disappeared from Redon literature. By recovering the scientific/medical issues that stimulated Redon's creation, this article restores the subjects of pathogenic organisms and contagious illness to their rightful place in Redon's oeuvre. Further, it provides the reader with a discussion of the cultural context in which Redon's interest was generated.
Bone Mineral Density, Fracture, and Vitamin D in Adolescents and Young Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents and young adults treated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Design, Setting, Participants Eighty-three healthy subjects, 13-20 years old, who received at least 3 DMPA injections in an urban adolescent clinic and underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were evaluated by chart review. Main Outcome Measures Anthropometric data, DMPA use, BMD of the spine and hip, fracture history, and vitamin D status were collected. Results Subjects were a median age of 16.4 years old (range 13-20 years) when DMPA was initiated. The median number of DMPA injections was 5 (range 3-18) before the first DXA. At the spine and hip, respectively, BMD was normal (Z-score > −1.0 SD) for most subjects (79%, 86%). Subjects who received > 5 injections were more likely to have low spinal BMD (Z-score ≤ −2.0 SD) at first DXA ( P = .018). In 15 subjects with repeat DXA measurements, after an additional median 6 injections, spinal BMD Z-score decreased by −0.33 ± 0.10 (mean ± SD, P = .004), as did absolute BMD at the hip (−0.019 ± 0.007 g/cm 2 , P = .014). History of fracture was not associated with initial or subsequent BMD measurements. Most (12/13, 92.3%) subjects with vitamin D measurements were deficient (25-hydroxy vitamin D Conclusions Most subjects on DMPA had normal BMD at first DXA. Low spinal BMD was associated with longer DMPA use, and some BMD measurements declined with prolonged use. Fracture history is not an absolute contraindication to DMPA use in this population. Studies are needed to determine possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation in DMPA users.
Constructing memory, imagination, and empathy: a cognitive neuroscience perspective

Studies on memory, imagination, and empathy have largely progressed in isolation. Consequently, humans' empathic tendencies to care about and help other people are considered independent of our ability to remember and imagine events. Despite this theoretical autonomy, work from across psychology, and neuroscience suggests that these cognitive abilities may be linked. In the present paper, I tentatively propose that humans' ability to vividly imagine specific events (as supported by constructive memory) may facilitate prosocial intentions and behavior. Evidence of a relationship between memory, imagination, and empathy comes from research that shows imagination influences the perceived and actual likelihood an event occurs, improves intergroup relations, and shares a neural basis with memory and empathy. Although many questions remain, this paper outlines a new direction for research that investigates the role of imagination in promoting empathy and prosocial behavior.
Dynamic Response of Cables Under Negative Tension: an Ill-Posed Problem

Abstract It is shown that the equations for the dynamics of a perfectly flexible cable constitute an ill-posed problem when the tension becomes negative. It is possible, through the inclusion of additional dynamics, based on physical or theoretical grounds, to ensure a well-posed problem, while matching the low frequency response of the modified system with the response of the initial system over short periods of time. We attribute the ill-posedeness of the cable equations to the breakdown of the compatibility relations in the absence of positive tension. Examples demonstrate the essence of the developments.
RISK, UTILITY AND STOCKING RATE*

A simple utility-based model of risky wool production is presented. Evaluation of the model indicates the effect on optimal stocking rate of changes in the degree of risk aversion, farm area, variable cost, fixed cost, wool cut, wool price, variance of wool price, climatic variability and tax rate. It is shown that the utility hypothesis implies a lower optimal stocking rate than does expected profit maximization and hence implies a discrepancy between private and public optimal resource use which it is suggested, might be mitigated by a progressive bounty on wool production.
The Effects of Knowledge of Results upon Reaction Time Performance

Summary Two experiments tested the maintenance of reaction time (RT) speed as a function of a single presentation of knowledge of results (KR) administered early in a series of RT trials to female university students. The results of Experiment 1 (n = 80) indicated that RT performance deterioration across trials in the KR group was significantly less severe than in a no-KR control group and that Ss' explicit goal-setting during the experiment did not appear to contribute to the KR effect. In Experiment 2 (n = 72) evidence was found that the KR influence of Experiment 1 was anchored to an anticipatory function—that is, KR administered early in a series of trials motivated Ss to try harder than before by leading them to believe that they would receive knowledge of their subsequent performance.
Dendrite bundles in lamina IX of cat spinal cord: a possible source for electrical interaction between motoneurons?

Longitudinally-oriented bundles of closely-aligned motoneuron dendrites in Lamina IX of cat spinal cord were examined. These dendrites were interrelated in one of several ways: (1) They were separated by a space of several microns containing small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, synaptic boutons, and glial processes; (2) Some dendrites were separated by a gap of 0.2–0.5 μ which contained only an attenuated astrocyte process; (3) The plasma membranes of the adjacent dendrites were occasionally found in direct apposition and in most of these instances there was no detectable specialization of the opposing membranes; (4) There were definite modifications along the appositional membranes. These zones were characterized by a gap of ∼ 180 A, and symmetrical, non-polarized aggregations of electron-opaque material were found along the cytoplasmic surfaces of the membranes. It is suggested that the spatial arrangement and appositional relations of these dendrites represent a morphological substrate for the weak electrical facilitation known to occur between motoneurons in the cat spinal cord.
Using vox-pop interviews to expose language learners to authentic discourse

One of the challenges in foreign language pedagogy is providing students with the opportunity to interact in authentic discourse with native speakers of the target language. In the video project described here, adult ESL (English as a Second Language) students converse with native English speakers on a cultural topic of the student's choice in short videotaped interviews. Prior to the interviews the students develop their line of questioning through integrated class discussions of local culture, discourse practices, conversational strategies, grammar and pronunciation. Students execute the entire video production themselves including the video's design and layout, the interviews themselves, camera work and editing decisions. The interviews are conducted outside of the classroom, wherever students can encounter native speakers. After each videotaping session, the entire class review the day's tape and discuss points of grammatical structure, pronunciation and communication strategies which they observe in ...
Inhibitory Effect of Alcohol on Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

: Background: Alcohol-induced osteoporosis is characterized by a considerable suppression of osteogenesis. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of alcohol on gene expression, protein synthesis, and mineralization in human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells induced toward osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Methods: Human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells induced toward osteogenesis were cultured in the presence or absence of 50 mM alcohol. Stem cells were characterized by using SH2 antibody to the cell-surface antigen CD105/endoglin, and their proliferation in the presence of alcohol was quantified. The expression of genes for early, middle, and late markers of the osteogenic lineage was quantified by Northern analysis, and bone matrix protein synthesis was assayed. The effect of alcohol on cell-mediated matrix mineralization in terminally differentiated cultures was determined by von Kossa staining. Results: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells separated with a Percoll gradient proved 99% homogeneity by using SH2 antibody to the surface antigen CD105. Dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of these stem cells occurred at concentrations greater than 50 mM alcohol. Gene expression of osteoblast-specific factor 2/core binding factor a1 (Osf2/Cbfa1), type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin (early, middle, and late markers for osteogenesis, respectively) was analyzed with and without osteogenic induction and treatment with 50 mM alcohol. After induction, Osf2/Cbfa1 levels were unresponsive to alcohol. To determine the effect of alcohol on human mesenchymal stem cell progression along the osteogenic pathway, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin were examined after osteogenic induction. After osteogenic induction, alcohol down-regulated the gene expression of type I collagen and significantly reduced its synthesis. Alcohol did not alter mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, a midstage marker for osteogenesis, but significantly decreased its activity compared with osteogenic induction alone. After induction, osteocalcin remained unchanged by alcohol at both the mRNA and protein levels. Histochemistry revealed decreased alkaline phosphatase staining and fewer alkaline phosphatase–positive cells in alcohol-treated human mesenchymal stem cell cultures. von Kossa staining revealed a reduction in the number of mineralizing nodules in stem cell cultures after alcohol treatment. Conclusions: Collectively, the data suggest that alcohol alters osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures during lineage progression and provide further insight into alcohol-induced reduced bone formation.
Mobility in the mangroves: Catch rates, daily decisions, and dynamics of artisanal fishing in a coastal commons

Abstract This paper integrates institutional theories of the commons with insights from geography and human behavioral ecology to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of artisanal fishing in Ecuador's coastal mangrove swamps. The focus is on the cockle fishery commons characterized by a mixture of formal institutional arrangements and an informal division of fishing space that partially influences fisher decisions about where and when to fish. Individual decisions are further explained to a certain degree by the patch choice model since fishers often move on to new grounds when their catch rates fall below average. These optimizing strategies requiring rotation within a socially produced fishing space may contribute to resource renewal, perceived reliable returns for individuals, and a relative stability in fishing effort, potentially mitigating against resource depletion in open-access areas not managed as a common property regime. This study of the interaction between shellfish harvesters, cultural institutions, and the environment contributes to a spatially explicit theory of the commons and points to the crucial role of resource user mobility and dynamic cultural institutions for the ecological sustainability of shellfish fisheries. A better understanding of feedback between individual decision-making and the self-organization of a social-ecological system has critical implications for policy design and fisheries management at similar scales.
Calling Your Bluff: How Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Adapt Plea Bargaining Strategies to Increased Formalization

This ethnographic work examines the inner workings of a highly formalized plea bargaining unit in a large urban prosecutor's office from the lawyers' point of view. Observations of forty two plea negotiations between prosecutors and defense attorneys along with both formal and informal interviews reveal how the legal actors adapt to institutional rules in the pursuit of the both efficiency and justice. In the face of ever increasing prosecutorial power, defense attorneys find ways to equalize the balance when cases don't fit the 'normal crimes' model. Examination of negotiating strategy and discourse give further insight into whether prosecutors and defense attorneys behave differently under highly rationalized systems of plea-bargaining compared with traditional models previously studied.
Tobacco microtubule-associated protein, MAP65-1c, bundles and stabilizes microtubules

Three genes that encode MAP65-1 family proteins have been identified in the Nicotiana tabacum genome. In this study, NtMAP65-1c fusion protein was shown to bind and bundle microtubules (MTs). Further in vitro investigations demonstrated that NtMAP65-1c not only alters MT assembly and nucleation, but also exhibits high MT stabilizing activity against cold or katanin-induced destabilization. Analysis of NtMAP65-1c-GFP expressing BY-2 cells clearly demonstrated that NtMAP65-1c was able to bind to MTs during specific stages of the cell cycle. Furthermore, in vivo, NtMAP65-1c-GFP-bound cortical MTs displayed an increase in resistance against the MT-disrupting drug, propyzamide, as well as against cold temperatures. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that NtMAP65-1c stabilizes MTs and is involved in the regulation of MT organization and cellular dynamics.
Maintenance of the supercooled state in overwintering pyrochroid beetle larvae, Dendroides canadensis : role of hemolymph ice nucleators and antifreeze proteins

Freeze-avoiding fire-colored beetle larvae, Dendroides canadensis, were monitored seasonally to explore the role of endogenous hemolymph ice nucleators and antifreeze proteins on the maintenance of supercooling. In preparation for overwintering, D. canadensis depressed hemolymph ice nucleator activity and increased thermal hysteresis activity [mean value circa 0. 5 °C (summer) versus circa 5 °C (midwinter)] resulting in decreased larval and hemolymph supercooling points [−7 °C (summer) versus −20 °C (midwinter)]. Results of gel filtration chromatography, flotation ultracentifugation and quantitative investigation of ice nucleator activity using hemolymph from summer and winter collected larvae strongly suggest that highly active protein and lipoprotein ice nucleators are removed in preparation for overwintering. Additions of either purified antifreeze proteins or midwinter hemolymph with high antifreeze protein activity to a mixture of protein or lipoprotein ice nucleators isolated from D. canadensis hemolymph inhibited the activity of these nucleators. This suggests that in addition to seasonal removal, inhibition of hemolymph ice nucleators by antifreeze proteins contributes to seasonal increases in hemolymph supercooling capacity.
Temporal changes in fish community structure near a sewage ocean outfall, Mokapu, Oahu, Hawaii

Abstract The results of a study performed before and after the discharge of an ocean outfall off Mokapu Point, Oahu, Hawaii, from 1975 to 1979 show large increases in the number of species and abundance of fish around the outfall site. The construction of the outfall afforded new rock substratum for the attachment of algae and sessile animals which attracted large aggregations of fish. During a 1 1 2 year period there were no significant community structure 1–5 km from the outfall when measured by similarity indices. No significant changes in algal biomass occurred between samplings. Similarity indices may be better indicators of fish community change than diversity indices since the former reflect changes in the relative abundance of species in common and large temporal changes in a community structure may occur without changing the value of its diversity index. Morisita's (1959) similarity index has greater sensitivity to the changes in fish community structure than the index derived by Sorensen (1954) due to emphasis on the relative abundance of dominant species.
Magnetic and thermal measurements on high-TC (La0.9Ba0.1)2CuO4-Y

Abstract We have measured the magnetic moment of (La 0.9 Ba 0.1 ) 2 CuO 4- as a function of temperature and magnetic field and have found the onset of superconductivity at a temperature T ⋍ 35 K. From the magnetic field dependencies, we have shown that the sample is a type-II superconductor with ≲ ⋍ 11. Specific heat measurements yield a finite electronic specific heat coefficient of ∼6 mJ/mole-K 2 at 4 K and a Debye temperature of only 330 K, suggesting that a strong electron-phonon interaction may be responsible for the high T in our sample.
Dielectric Behavior of the Relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3—PbTiO3 Solid‐Solution System in the Microwave Region

Dielectric behavior of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3—PbTiO3 solid-solution system was studied from—50° to 200°C in the 100 to 12 × 109 Hz frequency region, and a broad dielectric relaxation was measured for compositions throughout the system. The relative microwave permittivity of the composition 0.9Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3·0.1 PbTiO3 decreased by 1 order of magnitude from the 1-MHz value of 11800, and similar decreases were observed for other compositions in the system. Dielectric loss (tan δ) values ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 at microwave frequency. The temperature of the broad dielectric constant maximum shifts toward higher values with increased frequency.
Political Assassination and its Impact on Emerging Markets’ Financial Assets

This paper examines the impact of the assassination of Mexico’s leading presidential candidate on Mexican Brady bonds and its spillover effects to other emerging financial markets. On the day of the assassination, Mexican Brady bonds declined by a significant 0.97 percent and continued to experience significant declines over the following three trading sessions. However, with the naming of Ernesto Zedillo as the ruling party’s presidential candidate, Mexican Brady bonds recovered over 75 percent of the losses incurred during the previous four trading days. The assassination did not significantly affect other emerging financial markets. The availability of a $6 billion swap facility, holding of large foreign reserves, selection of Ernesto Zedillo, and well managed responses by the Mexican government all served to attenuate spillover effects from the Mexican political crisis.
SU-GG-T-409: Equivalent Uniform Dose Calculation for I-131 Tositumomab Therapy Including the Cold Protein Effect

Purpose: Individualized treatment planning may benefit from equivalent uniform dose (EUD) techniques to help correlate ‘dose’ with objective patient outcome such as time to recurrence or response rate. Our objective is to illustrate methods used to perform EUD calculations, specifically to incorporate the cold protein effect for non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with I‐131 tositumomab. Method and Materials: Data from NHL patients treated with I‐131 tositumomab were imaged multiple times for tracer and therapy studies using a SPECT/CT system. Dose rate calculations were performed by Monte Carlo technique for each image set. A 3D time dependent dose rate description was developed using measured uptake curves for the whole body and tumor volume(s). Tumor subunits were connected between time points using center‐of‐mass alignment and radial deformation. The EUD = −1/α [ ln (〈 S 〉 min )] , where 〈S〉min is the minimum average relative cell survival. S = exp {−α BED } , where the biological equivalent dose BED ( v,t ) = D ( v,t ) +λ t /α * t +λ p /α * P ( v,t ) for each subvolume; D is the dose; and the λt and λp represent the effects of proliferation and cold protein (P). Results: Parameter fits were performed to match changes in tumor size. The tracer study was used to set λp based on patient‐specific tumor response. The λt parameter was set by typical time to progression‐free recurrence rates. The linear‐quadratic parameters were set consistent with hypersensitivity at low dose rates (α=0.7 Gy−1). EUD was calculated contrasting patients for which there was no cold protein effect with substantial cold protein effect. A common parameter set was used to fit the data, only varying by the cold effect parameter. Conclusion: The cold protein effect can be substantial and is being included in the EUD calculation to help correlate delivered dose with patient outcome. Research Support: NIH 2R01 EB001994.
Synthesis of distributed systems by network matching

A distributed parameter system described by the general linear telegraphers equations is considered. A new equivalent network for the distributed system is developed, such that the parameters of this network satisfy stable, initial valued Riccati equations. The identification of system parameters is translated into a network matching problem.
Relationship between the electronic potential energy of a crystal and X-ray scattering

Abstract Some simple but approximate relationships arc shown to yield the total deformation potential energy of a crystal from a summation of the structure factors and their squares. By application of the virial theorem this deformation potential should be consistent with similar kinetic energy differences obtained from integration of the Compton profiles in addition to being consistent with the cohesive energy of the crystal.
An Empirical Restatement of the Reciprocity Norms

Summary The positive norm of reciprocity makes two minimal demands: (a) help those who help you; and (b) do not harm those who help you. The complementary norm of retaliation may be interpreted as making two similar demands: (a) harm those who harm you; and (b) do not help those who harm you. Previous research has verified that the first demand for both norms does govern human behavior, but has never looked at the second demands. This study investigated the second minimal demands of both norms by using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Half of the Ss were either given benefits or not by a C, and then were permitted to shock her. The remaining Ss were either shocked or not shocked by a C and then allowed to benefit her. The predictions were that Ss would not harm those who benefited them and would not benefit those who harmed them. Results did not support these hypotheses. The Ss' impressions of the other person and of themselves were consistent with the behavioral data. It was concluded that the reciprocity norms...
Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Activity in Biofilms Using Open-Channel Microfluidics and Synchrotron FTIR Spectromicroscopy

Real-time chemical imaging of bacterial activities can facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of biofilm structures and functions. Synchrotron-radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy can yield high spatial resolution and label-free vibrational signatures of chemical bonds in biomolecules, but the abundance of water in biofilms has hindered SR-FTIR's sensitivity in investigating bacterial activity. We developed a simple open-channel microfluidic system that can circumvent the water-absorption barrier for chemical imaging of the developmental dynamics of bacterial biofilms with a spatial resolution of several micrometers. This system maintains a 10 microm thick laminar-flow-through biofilm system that minimizes both the imaging volume in liquid and the signal interference from geometry-induced fringing. Here we demonstrate the ability of the open-channel microfluidic platform to maintain the functionality of living cells while enabling high-quality SR-FTIR measurements. We include several applications that show how microbes in biofilms adapt to their immediate environments. The ability to directly monitor and map bacterial changes in biofilms can yield significant insight into a wide range of microbial systems, especially when coupled to more sophisticated microfluidic platforms.
Rotor-stator interaction in a diffuser pump

The interaction between impeller blades and diffuser vanes in a diffuser pump was investigated. Steady and unsteady pressure measurements were taken on the diffuser vanes, and the shroud wall of a vaned and a vane less diffuser. Steady, unsteady, and ensemble averaged unsteady data, as well as frequency spectra are presented. The measurements were made for different flow coefficients, shaft speeds, and radial gaps between impeller blade trailing and diffuser vane leading edge (1.5% and 4.5% based on impeller discharge radius). The resulting lift on the vane, both steady and unsteady, was computed from the pressure measurements at mid vane height. The magnitude of the fluctuating lift was found to be greater than the steady lift. The pressure fluctuations were larger on the suction side than on the pressure side attaining their maximum value, of the same order of magnitude as the total pressure rise across the pump, near the leading edge. Pressure fluctuations were also measured across the span of the vane. and those near the shroud were significantly smaller than those near the hub. The pressure fluctuations on the shroud wall itself were larger for the vaned diffuser than a vaneless diffuser. Lift, vane pressure, and shroud wall pressure fluctuations decreased strongly with increasing radial gap.
Panniculectomy: improving lymph node yield in morbidly obese patients with endometrial neoplasms.

Abstract Objective. Panniculectomy has been used to facilitate pelvic surgery in obese women. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of panniculectomy on staging adequacy and lymph node yield in obese women with endometrial carcinoma undergoing staging laparotomy. Methods. A retrospective review of patients with endometrial neoplasms who underwent panniculectomy at the time of hysterectomy was performed. For each subject, two control patients were matched by body mass index (BMI). Results. Twenty-seven endometrial cancer patients who underwent panniculectomy at the time of staging were identified. Panniculectomy was successfully performed in all 27 patients. While the mean number of pelvic nodes was statistically similar between the two groups (16.2 vs. 13.7) ( P = 0.199), the paraaortic node count was higher in patients who underwent panniculectomy (4.3 vs. 2.9) ( P = 0.032). A paraaortic node dissection was not feasible in 3 (11.1%) of the panniculectomy patients and in 11 (20.4%) of the controls ( P = 0.365). There were no differences in intraoperative or postoperative complications or in survival between the two groups. Conclusion. Among obese women with endometrial cancer, panniculectomy is well tolerated, feasible, and associated with acceptable morbidity. While the clinical significance of an increased paraaortic node count is uncertain, our findings suggest that panniculectomy may enhance operative exposure and facilitate endometrial cancer staging.
Phytotoxicity of fatty acids present in dairy and hog manure

Abstract The application of animal waste on farm land is currently considered as a safe method to dispose the excreta from farm animals because it provides an easy outlet to alleviate envaronmental danger associated with animal excreta. In most published studies, animal waste is viewed as a good source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK). Little attention has been given to minor chemical compounds present in the contents of animal wastes. Some classes of compounds which are suspected to be phytotoxic have been reported to be present in animal waste. Identification and mode of action of such compounds present in animal waste is important because agricultural practices which are considered as environmentally safe today may become a hazard to agricultural crops in the future. Fatty acids are known for germination inhibiting activity. The objectives of this study were to identify fatty acids present in dairy and hog manures and to investigate their biological effects on germination of sorghum seeds. S...
Diversification in interstate banking: the search for related performance profiles between acquiring and acquired banking firms expanding across state lines

Notes increasing consolidation of the banking industry in the USA, Western Europe and Japan; and presents a study of 1980‐1994 acquisitions of US banks by large interstate banking firms. Considers possible motives for cross‐border expansion, reviews relevant research and compares the performance of target banks with their local competitors and their buyers; and buyers’ performance with their competitors. Finds that most buyers are located in rich, densely populated states and most targets in states which have traditionally restricted bank branching activity; that buyers and targets have very different performance profiles (although some differences gradually reduce after acquisition); and that local market influences have a greater effect than common ownership. Concludes that targets are selected for their location and expected future performance, with possible diversification benefits.
Successful Lung Retransplantation After Extended Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge

Redo lung transplantation remains a major clinical challenge and its indication for patients with early allograft dysfunction is difficult to determine. We report a case of potentially fatal early allograft dysfunction owing to possible acute cellular rejection after single lung transplantation in a patient who underwent redo double lung transplantation after successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge, which resulted in a successful outcome.
Simplification of the proton magnetic resonance spectra of large molecules such as proteins

Most of the information in proton spectra of large molecules is not accessible because of overlapping of the many resonances for even a reasonably sized macromolecule. Many of the signals from proton multiplets can be eliminated by summing the results obtained in experiments with different spin-echo delay times. Since the proton signals from most multiplets are cosinusoidally modulated as a function of the spin-echo delay time the summing of the results for a variety of delay times causes these signals to vanish. The resulting spectra only contain signals from singlets and the center lines of odd multiplets such as triplets. The method has been applied to ethyl-benzene, d-10-camphorsulfonic acid, and RNase. The RNase example is the most interesting since only the signals from the histidine C2H and C4H protons are observed in the aromatic region of the spectrum arising from the sum of the spin-echo spectra. The C4H resonances are obscured in the normal proton spectrum by the signals of tyrosine and phenylalanine.
Cyclic Voltammetry of Auranofin

The oxidative behavior of Auranofin, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio- β -D-glucopyranosato- S(triethylphosphine)gold(I), was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M Bu 4 NPF 6 /CH 2 Cl 2 and 0.1 M Bu 4 NPF 4 /CH 2 Cl 2 solutions using Pt working and auxiliary electrodes and a Ag/AgCI reference. CV studies at scan rates from 50-2,000 mV/s and Auranofin concentrations between 1 and 4 mM, show two irreversible oxidation processes occurring at +1.1 V and +1.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Ph 3 PAu (p-thiocresolate) was also investigated as a reference for comparison of the oxidation processes in Auranofin to that of other phosphine gold thiolate complexes previously reported. The electrochemical response appears to be sensitive to adsorption at the electrode as well as to the nature of the supporting electrolyte solution. Repeated cycling shows a build up of products at the electrode.
TOWARD A SCIENTIFIC ARCHITECTURE by Yona Friedman. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1975. 169 pp. (Translated by Cynthia Lang.)

(1976). TOWARD A SCIENTIFIC ARCHITECTURE by Yona Friedman. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1975. 169 pp. (Translated by Cynthia Lang.) International Journal of General Systems: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 68-70.
A compact polariscope/shearing interferometer for mapping stress fields in bimaterial systems

A compact optical device, which is a combination of a polariscope and a shearing interferometer (PSI), is described for mapping stress fields in bimaterial systems. The PSI device uses commercially available wave plates, and a calcite crystal for beam duplicating. It can operate in a variety of modes, including as a circular polariscope and as a shearing interferometer. In its polariscope mode, it can be used on birefringent materials such as Homolite and epoxy; in its shearing mode, it can be used on optically isotropic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and glass. As an example, the device is used to obtain full-field maps of stress fields in the vicinity of an interfacial crack in an epoxy-PMMA bimaterial plate.
Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for a Random-Access Repeater Link with an Ideal Hard Limiter

The acquisition detectability parameter, output signal-to-noise ratio, has been computed for unrestricted random access through an ideal hard limiter. The method involves multidimensional Fourier series and numerical integration. The results depend on the number of active users, total number of users, input signal-to-noise ratio, address code length, cross-correlation properties of code, and other parameters. The method provides a tool for synthesis of randomaccess networks, i.e., satellite repeaters for land, sea, or air-borne transmitters, or mobile radio relays concerned with accidental or intentional interference.
New Program Growth and Its Impact on Collection Assessment at the UNLV Libraries

Purpose – Seeks to describe how Lied Library has responded to a rapid increase in the number of new academic programs and degrees at UNLV resulting from new strategic initiatives and tremendous growth of the university's student population during the past four years.Design/methodology/approach – The authors focus on the role of the Collection Development (CD) department in the university's approval process for new academic programs and the role of subject librarians in assessing how well the Libraries' collection meets the demands of new programs proposed by faculty.Findings – Detailed descriptions are provided of the process used by subject librarians and CD to develop the tools and guidelines necessary to assess library collections in support of new academic programs.Practical implications – Provides information and a model for other libraries and subject bibliographers to use when developing library collection assessment processes and guidelines.Originality/value – Provides practical information and to...
Clustering of molecular hydrogen around benzene

Clustering of H2 molecules around benzene shows a number of interesting features that are important for understanding the interaction of hydrogen with certain materials. Clustering has been studied by ab initio calculations and by the development of a model potential. Ab initio calculations were carried out for several representative slices of the interaction potential surface for rigid H2 and benzene. A very concise functional form of the interaction potential surface was found, and this model potential was used to understand attachment patterns and predict energetics of clusters with up to 20 hydrogen molecules. � 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Computer Assistance for Experiments on the ST-Machine

An IBM-1800 computer has been adapted by means of locally designed interfacing and control hardware (including a high-speed analog input mini-computer) and special software to perform for the ST-Machine real-time collection and processing of data and immediate display of results. Feedback thus provided assists in parameter adjustments and overall guidance in the experimental run.
A Mobility Model of Theme Park Visitors

Realistic human mobility modeling is critical for accurate performance evaluation of mobile wireless networks. Movements of visitors in theme parks affect the performance of systems which are designed for various purposes including urban sensing and crowd management. Previously proposed human mobility models are mostly generic while some of them focus on daily movements of people in urban areas. Theme parks, however, have unique characteristics in terms of very limited use of vehicles, crowd’s social behavior, and attractions. Human mobility is strongly tied to the locations of attractions and is synchronized with major entertainment events. Hence, realistic human mobility models must be developed with the specific scenario in mind. In this paper, we present a novel model for human mobility in theme parks. In our model, the nondeterminism of movement decisions of visitors is combined with deterministic behavior of attractions in a theme park. The attractions are categorized as rides, restaurants, and live shows. The time spent at these attractions are computed using queueing-theoretic models. The realism of the model is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with the mobility models SLAW, RWP and the GPS traces of theme park visitors. The results show that our proposed model provides a better match to the real-world data compared to the existing models.