cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Palladium induced activation of a substituted naphthopyran for smartphone assisted sensitive and selective sensing in aqueous solution

Abstract A substituted naphthopyran moiety was synthesized to act as a probe for metal ions. Structural characterization techniques such as IR, NMR, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography were used to establish the structure of the light-responsive photochromic probe. The intermolecular interactions were quantitatively investigated using the crystal explorer program. The affinity of the naphthopyran derivative as a probe for metal ion was investigated using different metal ions in a buffered medium to avoid the effect of change in pH during the recognition process. A bathochromic shift in the absorption band from ~354 nm to ~365 nm (broad band extended up to 450 nm) was observed upon addition of 10 equivalents of palladium ions. The smartphone assisted sensing of palladium ion based on digital images provided an excellent value of LOD (0.69 µM), which was better than the LOD value obtained using UV–visible spectroscopy. The process of complex formation between the probe and the palladium ions was also investigated using NMR and computational methods. The computational methods were used to investigate the effect of water on the stability of the complex geometries. Furthermore, time-dependent DFT calculations were carried out to investigate the UV-Visible absorption spectra observed experimentally for the probe and the complex.
Industry localisation and earnings inequality: Evidence from U.S. manufacturing*

. While the productivity gains associated with the geographic concentration of industry (i.e., localisation) are by now well-documented, little work has considered how those gains are distributed across individual workers. This article offers evidence on the connection between total employment and the relative wage earnings of high- and low-skill workers (i.e., inequality) within two-digit manufacturing industries across the states, and a collection of metropolitan areas in the U.S. between 1970 and 1990. Using measures of overall, between-education-group and residual inequality, I find that wage dispersion falls significantly as industry employment expands.
Prioritizing studies of COVID-19 and lessons learned

Introduction: COVID-19 altered research in Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs in an unprecedented manner, leading to adjustments for COVID-19 research. Methods: CTSA members volunteered to conduct a review on the impact of CTSA network on COVID-19 pandemic with the assistance from NIH survey team in October 2020. The survey questions included the involvement of CTSAs in decision-making concerning the prioritization of COVID-19 studies. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the survey data. Results: 60 of the 64 CTSAs completed the survey. Most CTSAs lacked preparedness but promptly responded to the pandemic. Early disruption of research triggered, enhanced CTSA engagement, creation of dedicated research areas and triage for prioritization of COVID-19 studies. CTSAs involvement in decision-making were 16.75 times more likely to create dedicated diagnostic laboratories (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.17–129.39; P < 0.01). Likewise, institutions with internal funding were 3.88 times more likely to establish COVID-19 dedicated research (95% CI = 1.12–13.40; P < 0.05). CTSAs were instrumental in securing funds and facilitating establishment of laboratory/clinical spaces for COVID-19 research. Workflow was modified to support contracting and IRB review at most institutions with CTSAs. To mitigate chaos generated by competing clinical trials, central feasibility committees were often formed for orderly review/prioritization. Conclusions: The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic emphasize the pivotal role of CTSAs in prioritizing studies and establishing the necessary research infrastructure, and the importance of prompt and flexible research leadership with decision-making capacity to manage future pandemics.
Maternal Exposure and Neonatal Effects of Drugs of Abuse

The public health crisis of pregnant women being exposed to drugs of abuse and of its impact on their unborn children continues to grow at an alarming rate globally. The state of pregnancy is unique, with physiological changes that can lead to changes in the way drugs are handled by the body in both pharmacokinetics and response. These changes place the pregnant woman, fetus, and newborn infant at risk, as many of these drugs can cross the placenta and into breast milk. The substances most commonly linked to harmful effects include alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids. The pharmacological and toxicological changes caused by in utero exposure or breastfeeding exposure are difficult to study, and the full extent of the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. However, these changes can significantly affect the risks of substance abuse and influence optimal treatment of pregnant women with a substance use disorder. In addition, newborns who were exposed to drugs of abuse in utero can experience withdrawal syndromes. Pharmacological management in infants is used to guide and treat withdrawal symptoms, with the goal being to improve the infant's sleep, eating, and comfort. Several barriers may prevent pregnant women from seeking help for substance use, including stigma and interactions with the legal system. Understanding changes in pharmacology, including pharmacokinetic changes that happen during pregnancy, is essential for anticipating the extent of maternal exposure and neonatal adverse effects.
ANALYSIS OF GARRI PROCESSING AND MARKETING AMIDST COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN OHAUKWU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA.

The study examined Garri processing and marketing amidst covid-19 lockdown in Ohaukwulocal Government Area,Ebonyi State,Nigeria. Sixty(60) respondents were selected throughmultistage sampling procedure. Frequency distribution, percentages and gross marginanalysis were used for data analysis.The results revealed that majority of the garrimarketers/processors were females that are still in their economically active agegroup,100% of the respondents were aware of the outbreak of Covid-19 and observed thefollowing precautionary measures during processing;wearing of face mask during peeling(18.3%), maintaining physical distancing among laborers during processing (18.3%), wearingface mask during packaging (18.3%), maintaining high hygiene at processing site (18.3%),people other than laborers are not allowed to the processing site (18.3%). The Rate ofReturn on Investment (RRI) of 30% indicates that the respondents earn 30% profit for everycost associated with garri processing. The benefit cost ratio of 1.30 which implies that forevery ₦1 invested in processing cassava to garri, a return of ₦1.30 and a profit of ₦0.30were realized and majority of the farmers depends on their personal savings as capitalmaking their income very low.Majority were wholesalers and most of them sold in marketstall during the outbreak of covid-19. the respondents made more profit during thelockdown because of inflation in prices of staple food. Therefore processing cassava to garriis a profitable and viable business and the following were observed as constraints thatmilitated against the marketing and processing of garri amid Covid-19 lockdown, lowdemand/patronage(96.7%),border closure (100.0%),Social distance order increasedprocessing cost (41.7%), scarcity of laborers because of social distance order (50.0%), lack ofaccess market (25.0%), absence of buyers from the neighbouring States (100.0%),increasedtransport cost (96.7%), and low price (50.0%). It is recommended that Garri marketers andprocessors should be encouraged to form and participate in cooperatives, SMEDAN shouldorganize periodic training for garri marketers,Government agencies should assist ineducating the cassava processing farmers through effective and efficient extension agents
The Effect of Lavender Oil on Perioperative Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep after Microvascular Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background Psychosocial distress, depression, or anxiety can occur in up to 50% of women after a breast cancer diagnosis and mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential benefit of lavender oil as a perioperative adjunct to improve anxiety, depression, pain, and sleep in women undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction. Methods This was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of 49 patients undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction. Patients were randomized to receive lavender oil or placebo (coconut oil) throughout their hospitalization. The effect of lavender oil on perioperative stress, anxiety, depression, sleep, and pain was measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale, Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and the visual analogue scale. Results Twenty-seven patients were assigned to the lavender group and 22 patients were assigned to the control group. No significant differences were seen in the perioperative setting between the groups with regard to anxiety (p = 0.82), depression (p = 0.21), sleep (p = 0.86), or pain (p = 0.30) scores. No adverse events (i.e., allergic reaction) were captured, and no significant differences in surgery-related complications were observed. When evaluating the entire cohort, postoperative anxiety scores were significantly lower than preoperative scores (p Conclusion In the setting of microvascular breast reconstruction, lavender oil and aromatherapy had no significant adverse events or complications; however, there were no measurable advantages pertaining to metrics of depression, anxiety, sleep, or pain as compared with the control group.
SU-E-T-438: Frameless Cranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Immobilization Effectiveness Evaluation

Purpose: To evaluate immobilization effectiveness of Brainlab frameless mask in cranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods: Two sets of setup images were collected pre-and post-treatment for 24 frameless SRS cases. The pre-treatment images were obtained after applying 2D-2D kV image-guided shifts with patients in treatment position and approved by physicians; the post-treatment images were taken immediately after treatment completion. All cases were treated on a Novalis linac with ExacTrac positioning system and Exact Couch. The two image sets were compared with the correctional shifts measured by ExacTrac 6D auto-fusion. The shift differences were considered patient motion within the frameless mask and were used to evaluate its effectiveness for immobilization. Two-tailed paired t-test was applied for significance comparison. Results: The correctional shifts (mean±STD, median) of pre-and post-treatment images were 0.33±0.27mm, 0.26mm and 0.34±0.27mm, 0.23mm (p=0.740) in lateral direction; 0.32±0.29mm, 0.22mm and 0.48±0.30mm, 0.50mm (p=0.012) in longitudinal direction; 0.31±0.22mm, 0.24mm and 0.33±0.21mm, 0.36mm (p=0.623) in vertical direction. The radial correctional shifts (mean±STD, median) of pre -and post-treatment images were 0.60±0.38mm, 0.45mm and 0.75±0.31mm, 0.66mm (p=0.033). The shift differences (mean±STD, median, maximum) were 0.35±0.28mm, 0.3mm, 1.05mm, 0.34±0.28mm, 0.3mm, 1.00mm, 0.24±0.15mm, 0.21mm, 0.60mm and 0.61±0.32mm, 0.57mm, 1.40mm in lateral, longitudinal, vertical and radial direction, respectively. Two shifts greater than 1 mm (1.06mm and 1.02mm) were acquired from post-treatment images. However, the shift differences were only 0.09 and 0.19mm for these two shifts. Two patients with shift differences greater than 1mm (1.05 and 1.04mm) were observed and didn’t coincide with those two who had post-correctional shifts greater than 1mm. Conclusion: Image-guided SRS allowed us to set up patients with sub-millimeter accuracy relative to simulation position. However, patient motion during treatment could affect treatment accuracy. Our Result shows that Brainlab frameless mask provides reasonable patient immobilization and maintains the mean post-treatment position within sub-millimeter accuracy with some borderline results observed.
Dirichlet Process, Simulation of

We describe the Dirichlet process and its basic implementation in Bayesian hierarchical modeling. In particular, we discuss Dirichlet process mixture models with emphasis on computational strategies for both conjugate and nonconjugate forms of these models in the context of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Keywords: Dirichlet process mixture; Markov chain Monte Carlo; mixture modeling; Bayesian nonparametrics; hierarchical models
Intelligent Transport Systems: Markets and Policies

Automotive vehicles are the mobile elements of a complex road transport system that combines diverse vehicles with the infrastructure on which they drive. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) represent the information technology connections (communications, sensing, computing, and control) that enable the vehicles and infrastructure to function as a well-regulated integrated system. Implementation of such an integrated system requires cooperation among the roadway infrastructure, motor vehicle, and information technology industries, including both public and private sector organizations. This chapter explains the benefits to be gained from implementation of a wide variety of ITS technologies as well as the challenges of introducing them to the market. The diverse state of ITS development in different regions of the world is described and explained, and some future directions for ITS advancement are suggested. Keywords: intelligent transport systems; intelligent transportation systems; connected vehicle systems; vehicle-infrastructure cooperation; traffic management; automated highway systems
Calculation of the probability density function of critical clearing time in transient stability analysis

The critical clearing time, t/sub cc/, in power system transient stability analysis is modeled as a random variable due to the random nature of the power system load. A linear approximation approach that mainly involves the sensitivity calculation of the derivative of t/sub cc/ to the system load is developed to obtain the probability density function (PDF) of t/sub cc/ based on the PDF of the system load. A Monte Carlo simulation method is used to verify that this approach is accurate under the condition of small load deviation. The probability of the system being transiently stable for particular disturbances is calculated based on the PDF of t/sub cc/.
Propensity score weighting: an application to an Early Head Start dental study.

Objectives Nonrandomized group assignment in intervention studies can lead to imbalances in preintervention covariates and biased effect estimates. We use propensity score estimation to account for such imbalances in an Early Head Start (EHS) dataset with rich pretreatment information. We compare propensity score results using standard logistic regression models (LRMs) versus generalized boosted models (GBMs). Methods We estimated propensity scores using 47 socio-demographic characteristics and EHS enrollment criteria obtained by parent interviews from a state-wide sample of 637 EHS and 930 Medicaid-matched control children. LRMs and GBMs were used to estimate propensity scores related to EHS enrollment. Performance of both approaches was evaluated via a) measures of balance of pretreatment covariate distributions between treated and control subjects, and b) stability of propensity score weights measured by the effective sample size. Results Distributions of all variables were balanced for EHS and non-EHS groups using propensity score weights calculated with LRM and GBM. Compared with LRM, GBM resulted in better balance between treated and propensity score-weighted control distributions. The effective sample size of the controls decreased from 930 subjects to 507 with GBM and to 335 with LRM. Conclusion Although propensity scores derived from GBM and LRM both effectively balanced observed preintervention covariates, GBM resulted in better covariate balance compared with LRM. GBM also resulted in a larger effective sample size of the control group compared with LRM. Propensity score weighting using GBM is an effective statistical method to reduce confounding due to imbalanced distributions of measured preintervention covariates in this EHS intervention study.
Improved Governance? Exploring the Results of Peru’s Participatory Budgeting Process

Can a nationally mandated participatory budget process (PB) change the nature of local governance? Passed in 2003 to mandate participatory budgeting in all districts and regions of Peru, Peru's National PB Law has garnered international attention from proponents of participatory governance. However, to date, the results of the process have not been widely documented. Presenting data that have been gathered through fieldwork, online databases, and primary documents, this paper explores the results of Peru’s PB after ten years of implementation. The paper finds that results are limited. While there are a significant number of actors engaged in the process, the PB is still dominated by elite actors that do not represent the diversity of the civil society sector in Peru. Participants approve important “pro-poor” projects, but they are not always executed. Finally, two important indicators of governance, sub-national conflict and trust in local institutions, have not improved over time. Until Peruvian politicians make a concerted effort to move beyond politics as usual, results will continue to be limited.
Immaturity and Incompetence

The majority of U.S. jurisdictions have recognized that juveniles must be competent to proceed with the adjudicative process, but whether they may be found incompetent due to immaturity remains controversial. Research on juveniles' trial-related abilities as well as the child and adolescent development literature suggest reasons for concern that some youth may have significant deficits in legal capacities due to developmental factors; however, few jurisdictions have formally recognized that juveniles may be incompetent due to immaturity alone. Research has begun to investigate the cognitive, emotive, and psychosocial skills that may underlie the well-established relationship between age and competence, with initial evidence suggesting that cognitive and psychosocial development may mediate this relationship. Additional research is necessary to identify the specific skills that may be insufficiently developed to support competency in young defendants. This research will clarify the relevance of immaturity and inform remediation and accommodation strategies to enable immature youth to participate effectively as defendants. Keywords: adolescent developmental psychology; forensic psychology; adolescence
On the white matter lesions of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Can a new subentity be recognized in man?

One case of CJD with severe involvement of the white matter is discussed. The patient was admitted after a 3-month clinical course with rapidly increasing mental deterioration, coma vigil-like state, myoclonic twitching of the limbs and of the facial muscles. The EEG showed the typical features of CJD. The first CT scan, performed 3 months after onset, revealed only a mild cortical and subcortical atrophy of the brain. The second CT scan, 12 months later, showed a considerable cortical and subcortical atrophy of the brain. The patient died 18 months after onset. Neuropathological examination showed a severe degeneration in the gray matter, with spongiosis, loss of neurones and hypertrophic glial reaction. The white matter was also involved with severe spongiosis, demyelination and hypertrophic glial proliferation. The case is discussed in relation to the data in the literature. It is argued that cases of CJD with severe involvement of the white matter should be classified as a new neuropathological subentity of CJD.
Chapter 12 Phosphate Interactions with Iron (Hydr)oxides: Mineralization Pathways and Phosphorus Retention upon Bioreduction

Abstract Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient in many terrestrial and aquatic/estuarian ecosystems, in part, due to strong sorption on Fe(III) (hydr)oxides. The fate of phosphate in anoxic (e.g., waterlogged) soils is often controlled by the extent of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide reductive transformation; however, the mechanisms of phosphorous retention and mobilization are not fully understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to explore phosphate retention and transport upon bioreduction of ferrihydrite and to determine the resulting changes in both aqueous and solid phase constituents. Batch and column experiments were conducted under Fe(III) reducing and non-reducing (abiotic control) conditions to investigate phosphate retention mechanisms and ferrihydrite biomineralization pathways by dissimilatory Fe(III) reducing bacteria (Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32 was used here) at different phosphate concentrations and at circumneutral pH. Phosphate sorption increases upon ferrihydrite bioreduction despite a concurrent decrease in specific surface area of the solid phases. Additionally, iron bioreduction under advective flow conditions results in decreased phosphate mobility compared to non-reducing environments due to sorption of phosphorus bearing secondary iron phases such as vivianite. The reduction of ferrihydrite is diminishing with increased phosphate surface coverage which is to some extent a result of phosphate-induced surface stabilization. Ferrihydrite biomineralization in the presence of phosphate results in formation of vivianite (ferrous phosphate) and green rust-like phases while inhibiting goethite and lepidocrocite production. Magnetite is formed ubiquitously although the quantity is related to both the ferrous iron concentration and adsorbed phosphate level. Our observations indicate that reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite can promote phosphate retention rather than desorption due to precipitation of ferrous bearing phosphate phases and/or increased sorption capacity of the secondary iron phases.
Impact of selective neck dissection on chronic dysphagia after chemo‐intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma

Background Conflicting results are reported regarding the impact of neck dissection on radiation-associated dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to reexamine this question specific to oropharyngeal intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Three hundred forty-nine patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with bilateral IMRT with systemic therapy (induction and/or concurrent) were reviewed. Chronic dysphagia was defined by aspiration, stricture, pneumonia, and/or gastrostomy dependence ≥12 months post-IMRT. Results Selective neck dissection was performed after IMRT in 75 patients (21%). Overall, 41 patients (12%) developed chronic dysphagia. Neck dissection did not increase the rate of chronic dysphagia (9% neck dissection; 12% no neck dissection; p = .464) or gastrostomy duration (p = .482). On multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] per 5-year = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.51), baseline abnormal diet (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.31–5.88), and IMRT dose (OR per 5-Gy = 5.11; 95% CI = 1.77–14.81) significantly predicted dysphagia. Conclusion In the setting of selective neck dissection for residual adenopathy after IMRT, neck dissection did not impact dysphagia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 886–893, 2016
Glycerol-Specific Revertants of a Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphotransferase Mutant: Suppression by the Desensitization of Glycerol Kinase to Feedback Inhibition

Glycerol-specific revertants were isolated from a phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase mutant lacking enzyme I activity. Sixteen of the eighteen separately derived revertants were found to synthesize a fully active glycerol kinase no longer subject to feedback inhibition by fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The suppressor mutation mapped at the known glpK locus. When the fructose, 1,6-diphosphate-insensitive kinase allele was transduced into a strain producing the glp enzymes constitutively, cells of the resultant strain were susceptible to killing by glycerol if this compound was added to a culture growing exponentially in casein hydrolysate. This phenomenon had been previously described for a strain which had a constitutive glycerol kinase refractory to feedback inhibition, but isolated by a different procedure. It is suggested that the suppression of the growth defect on glycerol in the enzyme I− mutant by the fructose 1,6-diphosphate-insensitive kinase is achieved by increasing the in vivo catalytic potential of glycerol kinase. This increased activity would allow more rapid conversion of glycerol to l-α-glycerophosphate, the true inducer of the glp system. The enzyme I defect in the parental strain impaired the inducibility of the glp system so that the normal basal catalytic activity of the kinase was insufficient to insure induction by glycerol.
Activation of human papillomavirus type 18 gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 viral transactivators and a phorbol ester

Several viral trans-activators and a tumor promoter were examined for the ability to activate human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) gene expression. A plasmid containing the HPV-18 noncoding region placed upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene was cotransfected with different herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genes into several cell lines. Both HSV-1 TIF and ICP0 activated HPV-18 expression; however, activation by TIF was observed only in epithelial cells, while ICP0 stimulated expression in a wide variety of cells. The element activated by both TIF and ICP0 was mapped to a 229-base-pair fragment which also contains an HPV-18 epithelial cell-preferred enhancer. The inclusion of a papillomavirus E2 trans-activator with TIF and ICP0 further increased HPV-18 expression. In contrast, the HSV-1 ICP4 and ICP27 genes, as well as the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat genes, were found to have no effect on HPV-18 expression. In transient assays, the addition of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) also activated HPV-18 expression. The region of HPV-18 activated by TPA was localized to a sequence which is homologous to other TPA-responsive elements.
An evaluation of the Accelerated Inkjet Mastery workshops at Hewlett-Packard

The Accelerated Inkjet Mastery (AIM) workshops, a series of workshops designed to accelerate the professional development of the technical staff at Hewlett-Packard's Inkjet Technology Platforms, successfully completed the overall objective of training ten percent of the technical staff worldwide over a two-year period. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the AIM workshops using a questionnaire modeled on the framework of the Kirkpatrick Four-Levels method.
Use of fast-Fourier-transform computational methods in radiation transport

Fast-Fourier-transform computational methods are used to solve the radiation-transport equation. Results are presented in nondiffusive and diffusive regimes. In the latter regime the method is benchmarked against the Schr{umlt o}dinger equation, which has the form of a diffusion equation in imaginary time. The method is further tested against prototypical problems in radiation transport. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Mitotic recombination: Mismatch correction and replicational resolution of holliday structures formed at the two strand stage in Saccharomyces

In a preliminary report (Esposito 1978), evidence was presented which showed that heteroallelic recombination resulting in prototrophic colonies occurs at the 2-strand stage. A model utilizing replicative resolution of Holliday structures was proposed to explain how gene conversion at the 2-strand stage can result in exchange of outside markers. The object of the experiments reported herein was to present detailed genetic evidence for 2-strand recombination. In addition, we examined the features of mitotic recombination with respect to symmetry, length and polarity of heteroduplexes in wild type strains (REM1/REM1) and in strains bearing the hyper-recombination mutation rem1-1. To do this, we constructed strains so that prototrophs arising from heteroallelic recombination and recombinant for outside markers were detected by visual inspection. By analyzing these colonies genetically, we have inferred several features of mitotic recombination which distinguish it from its meiotic counterpart. Firstly, mitotic heteroduplexes are often symmetric while meiotic heteroduplexes are almost exclusively asymmetric. Secondly, heteroduplexes tend to be longer in mitosis that in meiosis. Thirdly, unlike meiotic conversion, mitotic conversion does not show strong polarity. Recombination in strains homozygous for the rem1-1 mutation also takes place at the 2-strand stage. The rem1-1 mutation, however, appears to alter the features of mismatch correction.
TSUNAMI LOADINGS ON STRUCTURES: REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

The 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami has altered our traditional concepts for estimating loadings on structures. Prior to this event, we generally understood that reinforced concrete structures – those often used for critical coastal facilities – could withstand tsunami actions. This is no longer the case. Many concrete buildings and coastal protective structures (seawalls, coastal dykes and the like) failed due to the 2011 Tsunami. In this paper, the existing design guidelines are reviewed. We point out that some of the force-estimation methods recommended in the guidelines are rational, while others are not. Then we introduce a methodology to evaluate building’s global stability emphasizing the effect of buoyant force. Buoyancy reduces the net structural body force; thereby reducing the restoring forces to resist sliding and overturning failures. Buoyancy force is an upward pressure force under the building, which is caused by an increase of pore-water pressure in the soil by excess water weight on the ground surface; therefore it takes a finite time to build up. We demonstrate that the effect of buoyancy force depends on 1) duration and depth of tsunami inundation, and 2) burial depth of the building. We also note that if and when a building interior is flooded (due to breakaway walls or windows), the flooded water increases the effective body force (weight); hence producing a stabilizing effect. Example calculations are given to demonstrate the importance of the delayed action of buoyancy force and breakaway walls and windows.
Academic job involvement and performance: Another look.

Summary.-The relationship between academic job involvement and performance was explored in a sample of 80 upper-level business students. Data relating to academic job involvement (a modification of a jobinvolvement measure), final grade, GPA, performance ratings for self and peers, number of absences, and effort were collected. Significant correlations were .24 between academic job involvement and final grade, -.2G number of absences, and .34 effort. These results are discussed in light of prior research and implications for further exploration are identified.
Comparison of anthracene and phenanthrene in coal liquefaction

Abstract A comparison of anthracene and phenanthrene as solvents was undertaken by liquefying either Wyodak or Kentucky 9/14 coal in the presence of hydrogen or nitrogen. Phenanthrene was found to be a better physical solvent than anthracene for liquefying both coals. Anthracene and its derivatives are better hydrogen-shuttling solvents than phenanthrene and its derivatives. Hydrogenation of anthracene to tetrahydro-anthracene was observed with both coals. Dihydroanthracene is a better hydrogen-shuttling solvent than dihydrophenanthrane in the liquefaction of Kentucky 9/14 coal. Anthracene is a better solvent than phenanthrene in the presence of 1-methylnaphthalene in liquefying both Wyodak coal under hydrogen and Kentucky 9/14 coal under nitrogen. The minerals in Kentucky 9/14 coal appear to be better hydrogenation catalysts than those in Wyodak coal. Labile hydrogen from coal appears to escape readily before reacting with hydrogen-shuttling solvents under the atmospheric environment.
Natural substrates of the phenoloxidase in the pupal blood of the silkmoths, Antheraea pernyi and A. eucalypti

Abstract Upon exposure to air, the blood of Antheraea pernyi or A. eucalypti pupae begins to melanize. When gently shaken at 25°C, it consumed oxygen and continued to form melanin over a period of from 1·5 to 3 hr. Simultaneously, the blood gave rise to carbon dioxide; the amount of carbon dioxide was equivalent to approximately 43 per cent of the oxygen consumed. During the course of melanization, the tyrosine content of the blood decreased from its relatively high initial value to zero; meanwhile, a smaller amount of an unidentified o-diphenol also disappeared. Before the end of melanization, the blood temporarily developed a high concentration of dopa. It is concluded that tyrosine is the major substrate of the phenoloxidase in the blood and therefore the major precursor of the melanin formed. The oxidation of the tyrosine by the enzyme is probably accelerated by the unidentified o-diphenol.
Impaired cellular immunity to cytomegalovirus in congenitally infected children and their mothers.

Cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined in congenitally infected children and their mothers by use of assays for CMV-specific lymphocyte blastogenesis and interferon production. Six viruric children responded poorly in both assays. Two older nonviruric children responded in the blastogenesis assay, and lymphocytes from one of them produced interferon. Mothers of older children usually responded in the blastogenesis assay, but only one of them produced interferon. Mothers whose infected infants were younger than nine months of age responded poorly in both assays, while control seropositive postpartum women generally responded normally. The cellmediated immune defects detected in this study may play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital CMV infection. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs in 0.5%-2.0% of all newborns, and at least 5%-10% of those infected will suffer neurological damage [1]. Virus excretion persists for several
The relation of “Silent” T wave inversion to cardiovascular disease in an epidemiologic study

Forty-seven adults (24 men and 23 women), approximately 1 percent of the examined population of Tecumseh, Mich. had nonspecific T wave inversion unassociated with symptoms or physical signs of heart disease or administration of drugs. They had a higher age-specific prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia than the total examined Tecumseh population. Individuals with silent T wave inversion also had a significantly higher mortality than expected for a representative sample of Tecumseh participants of similar age and sex. The physiologic abnormalities and course of these 47 persons suggests that even without other symptoms or signs T wave inversions is usually an indication of hypertensive or coronary heart disease. T wave inversion may be a benign finding in the occasional individual who remains free of overt disease and has no abnormalities predisposing to heart disease.
The relationship between static and kinetic friction and atomic level “stick-slip” motion

Abstract It is shown that the fact that the force of static friction is larger than the force of kinetic friction (in the limit as the sliding velocity approaches zero) for solid-on-solid sliding can be accounted for by considering the strain released during atomic level “stick-slip” motion that occurs during the sliding of two elastic bodies relative to each other.
Diagnostic utility of microsatellite genotyping for molar pregnancy testing.

Context.—Molecular genotyping by analysis of DNA microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), is an established method for diagnosing and classifying hydatidiform mole. Distinction of both complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole from nonmolar specimens is relevant for clinical management owing to differences in risk for persistent gestational trophoblastic disease. Objective.—To determine the technical performance of microsatellite genotyping by using a commercially available multiplex assay, and to describe the application of additional methods to confirm other genetic abnormalities detected by the genotyping assay. Design.—Microsatellite genotyping data on 102 cases referred for molar pregnancy testing are presented. A separate panel of mini STR markers, flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and p57 immunohistochemistry were used to characterize cases with other incidental genetic abnormalities. Results.—Forty-eight cases were classified as hydatidiform mole...
The ecology of a subterranean isopod, Caecidotea tridentata

1. The blind isopod Caecidotea tridentata is the dominant invertebrate in a simple community of subterranean organisms inhabiting the local, shallow aquifer under Konza Prairie, Kansas, U.S.A. 2. The ecology of this karst aquifer was explored by sieving water from a spring, collecting water samples for analysis, and manipulating sediments and invertebrates in the laboratory. The size frequency distribution was stable and gravid females were present throughout the year, suggesting continuous reproduction. 3. The number of isopods collected per litre was negatively correlated with discharge and the abundance of bacteria, but positively related to the numbers of an amphipod (Bactrurus hubrichti). This may be explained if both the isopods and the amphipods track the saturated zone below the top of the water table; at lower discharge, the top of the water table is closer to the spring outlet. The suspended bacteria wash out in greater numbers with high discharge. 4. When isopods and carbon were added in a pairwise experimental design to sediments collected from the aquifer, the isopods significantly stimulated numbers and activity of planktonic and sedimentary bacteria, while carbon had no effect. This suggests that invertebrates can affect the microbes locally in an aquifer.
Method and situational factors in sales forecast accuracy

In this study the interaction of forecasting method (econometric versus exponential smoothing) and two situational factors are evaluated for their effects upon accuracy. Data from two independent sets of ex ante quarterly forecasts for 19 classes of mail were used to test hypotheses. Counter to expectations, the findings revealed that forecasting method did not interact with the forecast time horizon (short versus long term). However, as hypothesized, forecasting method interacted significantly with product/market definition (First Class versus other mail), an indicator of buyer sensitivity to marketing/environmental changes. Results are discussed in the context of future research on forecast accuracy.
Differential expression of two clusters of mouse histone genes.

Abstract The mouse histone mRNAs coded for by three different cloned DNA fragments have been characterized. Two of these cloned DNA fragments, MM221 and MM291, located on chromosome 13, code for H3, H2b and H2a histone mRNAs, which are expressed at low levels, in cultured mouse cells and fetal mice. The other DNA fragment, MM614, located on chromosome 3, codes for an H3 and an H2a mRNA, which are expressed at high levels in these cells. The mRNAs for each histone protein share common coding region sequences, while the untranslated regions of all the genes have diverged significantly, as judged by S1 nuclease mapping. Amino acid substitutions in some H3, H2a and H2b proteins are detected as internal cleavages in the S1 nuclease maps. All of these genes code for replication variant histone mRNAs, which are regulated in parallel with DNA synthesis.
Extrinsic labeling method may not accurately measure Fe absorption from cooked pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris): comparison of extrinsic and intrinsic labeling of beans.

Isotopic labeling of food has been widely used for the measurement of Fe absorption in determining requirements and evaluating the factors involved in Fe bioavailability. An extrinsic labeling technique will not accurately predict the total Fe absorption from foods unless complete isotopic exchange takes place between an extrinsically added isotope label and the intrinsic Fe of the food. We examined isotopic exchange in the case of both white beans and colored beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with an in vitro digestion model. There are significant differences in 58Fe/56Fe ratios between the sample digest supernatant and the pellet of extrinsically labeled pinto bean. The white bean digest shows significantly better equilibration of the extrinsic 58Fe with the intrinsic 56Fe. In contrast to the extrinsically labeled samples, both white and red beans labeled intrinsically with 58Fe demonstrated consistent ratios of 58Fe/56Fe in the bean meal, digest, supernatant, and pellet. It is possible that the polyphenolics ...
A note on India's water budget and evapotranspiration

Some recent analyses of India’s water budget are based on information attributed to the Ministry of Water Resources. An examination of the budget components indicates that they imply an evapotranspiration estimate that is significantly lower than what one may expect based on information from other sources. If such is the case, India’s water resources situation may be more dire than is otherwise perceived. For, higher evapotranspiration implies correspondingly reduced availability of water for human use. It should be worthwhile to investigate and reconcile the apparent discrepancy between water budget and evapotranspiration, considering the importance of water in the national context.
Defense on the Move: Ant-Based Cyber Defense

Many common cyberdefenses (like firewalls and intrusion-detection systems) are static, giving attackers the freedom to probe them at will. Moving-target defense (MTD) adds dynamism, putting the systems to be defended in motion, potentially at great cost to the defender. An alternative approach is a mobile resilient defense that removes attackers' ability to rely on prior experience without requiring motion in the protected infrastructure. The defensive technology absorbs most of the cost of motion, is resilient to attack, and is unpredictable to attackers. The authors' mobile resilient defense, Ant-Based Cyber Defense (ABCD), is a set of roaming, bio-inspired, digital-ant agents working with stationary agents in a hierarchy headed by a human supervisor. ABCD provides a resilient, extensible, and flexible defense that can scale to large, multi-enterprise infrastructures such as the smart electric grid.
998-122 Fibrinolytic Potential is Increased by Estrogen Therapy in Postmenopausal Women

Estrogen usage in postmenopausal women is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular events, however the mechanism is not well characterized. Although observational studies suggest that estrogen may act in part through an improvement in fibrinolytic potential, this has not been established in placebo-controlled trials before and after estrogen therapy. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of oral estradiol (Estrace®, 1 mg, 2 mg) in 20 postmenopausal women. Samples for fibrinolytic activity (fibrin plate assay) and tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen were collected at baseline and after 3, 6 and 9 weeks of therapy. Elevated t-PA antigen levels are associated with increased measures analysis of variance was performed. There were significant treatment effects on fibrinolytic activity and t-PA antigen. Results are presented for basal and 9 week timepoints. Fibrinolytic activity (mm2) tPA antigen (ng/ml) basal 9 weeks basal 9 weeks Placebo 46 ± 8 56 ± 8 10.3 ± 1.8 10.3 ± 1.8 Estrace® 1 mg 50 ± 8 62 ± 8 9.9 ± 1.8 8.8 ± 1.8 Estrace® 2 mg 48 ± 8 * 85 ± 8 9.8 ± 1.8 * 7.8 ± 1.8 * p l 0.05, basal vs 9 weeks Fibrinolytic potential is increased by estrace therapy, as indicated by an increase in fibrinolytic activity and a reduction in tPA antigen. The effect was more marked with the 2 mg preparation. Since increased fibrinolytic activity has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. these data suggest that one mechanism of the risk reduction associated with estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women may be via a reduction in thrombotic tendency.
Government spending and the real exchange rate

I study the effect of government spending on the real exchange rate in an open economy version of the Sidrauski model with a time-varying rate of time preference that introduces complementarity between consumption at different points in time. I show that a balanced budget fiscal expansion causes a real depreciation and a current account surplus if the expansion falls on traded goods. If the increase falls instead on nontraded goods, both the ‘stylized’ results of a real appreciation and a current account deficit and the ‘perverse’ result of an appreciation and a surplus can occur.
Rethinking the relationship between research and practice in teaching

Abstract The paper examines the relationship between contemporary research on teaching and teaching practice, including the varied reasons educators give for the weak relationship, several questionable assumptions researchers share about the linkage between research and practice, and researchers' implicit view that teaching is an applied science. As an alternative to the applied science conception, the author proposes teaching be viewed as a moral craft. In comparison to the applied science conception, the moral craft perspective engenders a more holistic view of teaching, leads to a stronger link between research on teaching and teaching practice, and decreases the likelihood that research on teaching will mask normative issues fundamental to teaching practice.
Association between left atrial function using multimodality tissue tracking from cine MRI and myocardial scar in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background Left atrial (LA) function is strongly related to left ventricular (LV) filling pressures and has shown association to cardiovascular outcomes. A recently developed speckle tracking technique can assess LA deformation using CMR cine sequences. Myocardial scar assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE-CMR) relates to cardiac remodeling, but its association to LA function is unknown. We explored the relationship of LA function with the amount of myocardial scar. Methods A total of 1666 participants from the MESA, age range 55-94 yrs, underwent LGE-CMR using 1.5T scanners at six field centers. Myocardial scar was visually detected, classified (ischemic/non-ischemic), and quantified using semi-automated methods in 136 participants. The amount of scar was quantified as the ratio of scar mass over total LV mass and values greater than 5% were defined as clinically significant. LA function was evaluated using multimodality tissue tracking (MTT) from SSFP 2- and 4-chamber long-axis cine CMR images in all participants with myocardial scar and in an age and gender matched control group of 136 participants without scar. LA function was assessed using peak longitudinal strain (Smax), diastolic longitudinal strain rate (SRdia), ejection fraction (LAEF), emptying fraction (LAEmF), and LA maximum volume (Vmax). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to evaluate differences between groups: control, scar>5%, and scar<5%. Pearson’s correlation assessed the relationship between the amount of scar and LA function parameters. Results
Mean-field approximations and coupled maps for kinetic lattice models

We propose a dynamic mean-field approximation based on the master equations governing the time evolution of the singlet probability-distribution functions for kinetic lattice models. Both nonconserved-order-parameter (Glauber-dynamics) and conserved-order-parameter (Kawasaki-exchange-dynamics) cases are considered. These discrete spatiotemporal coupled equations can be regarded as a computationally efficient scheme for ``simulating'' the kinetics of phase ordering as well as for obtaining the equilibrium mean-field solutions to lattice models having complex spatial structures such as surfactant self-assembly. We illustrate the use of these cell-dynamics schemes by studying the three-state Potts model with both Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics.