cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar and nuclear RNA synthesis during the cell life cycle in monkey and pig kidney cells in vitro.

The incorporation of 5-3H-uridine and 5-3H-cytidine into nucleolar and nonnucleolar RNA in the nucleus of monkey and pig kidney cells was measured in vitro during the cell life cycle. Time-lapse cinematographic records were made of cells during asynchronous exponential proliferation, in order to identify the temporal position of individual cells in relation to the preceding mitosis. Immediately following cinematography, cells were labeled with uridine-3H and cytidine-3H for a short period, fixed, and analyzed by radioautography. Since the data permit correlation of the rate of RNA labeling with the position of a cell within the cycle, curves could be constructed describing the rate of RNA synthesis over the average cell cycle. RNA synthesis was absent in early telophase, and rose very abruptly in rate in late telophase and in very early G1 in both the nucleus and the reconstituting nucleolus. Thereafter, through the G1 and S periods the rate of nuclear RNA synthesis rose gradually. When we used a 10-min pulse, there was no detectable change in the rate for nucleolar RNA labeling in monkey kidney cells during G1 or S. When we used a 30-min labeling time, the rate of nucleolar RNA labeling rose gradually in pig kidney cells. With increasing time after mitosis, the data became more variable, which may, in part, be related to the variation in generation times for individual cells.
The newest game in Vegas is strategic management

Some 3,500 Academy of Management members met in Las Vegas in August so it should be no surprise that a number of the sessions dealt with adopting strategic management in the gaming and hospitality industries.
Influences of heating temperature on mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane

Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used for fabrication of various microsystems. Heating is normally used in the fabrication process including curing and bonding, as well as operations like thermopneumatic actuation of PDMS. We report here the influences of heating temperature on mechanical properties (Young's modulus and ultimate tensile stress) of PDMS. Results have shown that for low temperatures, the mechanical properties are independent of heating time. Higher heating temperatures produce lower mechanical strength. The reduced mechanical strength is attributed to the thermal decomposition which starts at about 200 °C and reaches a peak at 310 °C.
The Measurement of Classification Agreement: An Adjustment to the Rand Statistic for Chance Agreement

Investigators examining empirically derived classifications are often concerned with the replicability of an obtained classification. However, most available statistics which allow replication comparison suffer from various limitations. This paper proposes an adjustment to one of these statistics, the Rand statistic, which will allow comparison across different levels for number of clusters found within a classification. This adjustment permits the user to compare several different classifications with respect to classification agreement, while correcting for the contribution of chance to any observed agreement.
A Canine Model of Acute Coronary Artery Thrombosis for the Evaluation of Reperfusion Strategies

A model of coronary artery thrombosis which: (1) provides a stable thrombus; (2) incorporates intimal injury; (3) has a low mortality rate; (4) responds predictably to thrombolytic therapy, and (5) is technically simple, was developed. Intimal injury was produced proximal to a critical stenosis and followed by the infusion of a blood and thrombin mixture into the injured segment. After thrombus formation flow remained absent in all control animals (n = 7). Microscopy showed intimal injury and coronary thrombosis with platelets adherent to the subendothelium. In animals treated with tissue plasminogen activator (n = 7) flow returned to > 60% of baseline at 20.2 +/- 7.7 min and was cyclical. Mortality and complications were infrequent. This model is useful in investigations of reperfusion therapy.
Changes in apparent emissivity as a function of viewing geometry

We reiterate the fact that the apparent emissivity of a solid surface can depend on not only the composition and particle size distribution comprising the surface but also on view-angle relative to the bulk surface geometry. We report on experiments measuring the longwave infrared emissivity of quartz sand samples sorted by particle size and observed at a series of view angles up to 60 ◦ away from the normal to the bulk sample surface. We show that particle-size and view-angle effects on the apparent emissivity of our quartz samples can mimic each other. In circumstances where significantly off-normal view-angles are unavoidable and characterizing surface qualities are desired, these two effects could be confused. We discuss the existing explanations for these effects. We argue that the view-angle emissivity dependence is intrinsically a bulk geometric effect, not due to a change in apparent particle-size (via coarse grains obscuring finer ones at larger view-angles). We summarize the predominant qualitative explanations of the particle-size effects and review the literature comparing quantitative models and observations. We argue that the existing quantitative models are inadequate for explaining the observations, pointing to a need for further work in this area.
Changes in the influence of early marriage on the educational attainment of men and women

Has the impact of early marriage on educational attainment lessened among younger men and women? Using national survey data and an index of early marriage, this study suggests that the effects of early marriage have, in fact, increased in their negative consequences for both genders, with females consistently more at risk of reduced education across all birth cohorts. Possible explanations for this difference include the disproportionate tendency of women to choose early marriage, despite the liberating philosophy of the women's movement. Further, the effect of early marriage on women's educational attainment is shown to have cumulatively increasing negative economic consequences because of the rising number of female‐headed households which result from divorce.
Quantification of cardiovascular disease research in West Africa

The purpose of this paper is to provide a logical rationale on the need to increase country-specific research on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in West Africa. Using health data from the World Health Organization’s Health Statistics and Health Information Systems, the burden of cardiovascular diseases among West African countries was described. PubMed’s database and search tools were used with specific key words, to retrieve articles referencing cardiovascular disease for the study period 1992 to 2011. The total number of publications from each West African country was obtained and the percentage of each country’s contribution was estimated. An annual trend of research productivity was then plotted for each country and also for the region. The major contributors to CVD research in West Africa were Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal. An overall trend of increasing CVD research output was evident during the study period, driven mainly by research from Nigeria. This cross-sectional study revealed the need to increase country-specific research on CVD in West Africa. Conducting CVD research provides evidence of the epidemiology, mechanisms, and determinants of CVDs. This study is important as it may serve as a basis for developing regionally tailored policies and interventions for West Africa.
Epidemiology of 46 wisconsin cases of north american blastomycosis, 1960–1964

In an attempt to find the source of infection 45 Wisconsin North American blastomycosis patients or their immediate relatives were interviewed and the records studied. B. dermatitidis was considered to have been proved to be endemic in Wisconsin, since infection took place in several parts of the state, and a large proportion of the patients were shown to have been infected while living in the state. A study of the yearly occurrence of cases of blastomycosis in Wisconsin, 1960–1964, revealed an unequal distribution. A noticeably small number of cases occurred in 1963. Since this was the driest year in Milwaukee and many other parts of the state in 30 years, further work on a possible relationship between the disease and annual precipitation was suggested. The seasonal distributions of both onset and diagnosis were found to differ significantly from an even distribution among the seasons. The distributions were found to be compatible with the hypothesis that infection took place toward the end of the growing season. Evidence was presented that the American Indian in Wisconsin may have a racial susceptibility or an environmental relationship favoring infection byB. dermatitidis. When compared with other published series of blastomycosis cases, an unusually large number of women patients was found resulting in a 3.5 : 1 male to female ratio. The study failed to show an occupational connection with the disease.
Organic amendments compared to topsoil replacement for prime farmland reclamation

Abstract The incorporation of organic amendments into reconstructed stripmine spoil may provide an alternative to topsoil replacement. This method offers an extra advantage when the topsoil on the premined land is thin or eroded. The objective of this study was to assess the chemical and physical properties of four parent materials amended with different organic materials compared to topsoil replacement for corn (Zea mays L.) production. This research was conducted at Southwestern Company's Captain Mine in Perry County, Illinois, U.S.A. Four rates of cattle manure (0, 50, 100 and 200 Mg ha-1), a winter green manure crop and a sod crop were incorporated into four different soil materials (B horizon, loess, glacial till, and a belt mix excluding the A horizon). The organic amendments increased the organic matter contents of the four parent mateerials, however, they only had a slight effect on soil bulk densities at the 0–30 cm depth. Bulk densities were somewhat different for each parent material and increased with increasing depth of the soil profile. Corn grain yields on the loess and glacial till soil media were comparable to the B horizon. Both of these materials would be suitable alternatives for B horizon replacement. The organically amended soil materials gave corn grain yields comparable to replaced topsoil. Corn production on organically amended spoils offers an alternative to topsoil replacement on some stripmine prime farmland.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer: friend and foe

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is best known for mediating the toxicity and tumour-promoting properties of the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, commonly referred to as ‘dioxin’. AHR influences the major stages of tumorigenesis — initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis — and physiologically relevant AHR ligands are often formed during disease states or during heightened innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, ligand specificity and affinity vary between rodents and humans. Studies of aggressive tumours and tumour cell lines show increased levels of AHR and constitutive localization of this receptor in the nucleus. This suggests that the AHR is chronically activated in tumours, thus facilitating tumour progression. This Review discusses the role of AHR in tumorigenesis and the potential for therapeutic modulation of its activity in tumours.
Nonlinear Raman microspectroscopy: from research laboratory to clinical environment

Nonlinear Raman microspectroscopy is a powerful tool for minimally invasive chemical analysis of cells and tissues. In this report we evaluate the state-of-the-art of this technology with an eye on potential clinical applications.
Growth factors regulate the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-I in bone cell cultures

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a prevalent growth factor secreted by bone cells, has important effects on bone remodeling. Hormones are known to regulate the synthesis of skeletal IGF-I, but there is limited information about the actions of growth factors on IGF-I synthesis. We tested the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) AA and BB on IGF-I mRNA expression and polypeptide concentrations in cultures of osteoblast-enriched (Ob) cells from 22-day-old fetal rat calvariae. Steady state IGF-I mRNA levels were determined by Northern blot analysis, and IGF-I concentrations were determined in acidified and fractionated culture medium by a specific RIA. Treatment of Ob cells with bFGF at 0.06-6 nM, TGF beta 1 at 0.04-4 nM, and PDGF BB at 0.3-3.3 nM caused a dose-dependent decrease in steady state IGF-I mRNA. A smaller effect was observed with PDGF AA. The effect was initially observed after 6-8 h of treatment and was maximal after 16 h. Treatment with bFGF at 0.6-6 nM, TGF beta 1 at 0.4-4 nM, and PDGF BB at 0.3-3.3 nM for 24 h decreased IGF-I polypeptide concentrations by 40-80%. The effects of bFGF, TGF beta 1, and PDGF BB and AA on IGF-I mRNA were independent of protein synthesis and cell division, as they were observed in the presence and absence of cycloheximide at 3.6 microM or hydroxyurea at 1 mM. Similarly, their inhibitory actions on immunoreactive IGF-I were not prevented by hydroxyurea. In conclusion, bFGF, TGF beta 1, PDGF BB, and, to a lesser extent, PDGF AA decrease skeletal IGF-I synthesis by reducing IGF-I transcript levels, and this effect may contribute to their actions on selected aspects of Ob cell function.
Changing secondary school physical education.

Evidence suggests that many secondary school physical education programs fail to achieve their objectives. A disturbing number of students report associating required attendance with strong negative feelings about the class, physical activity, and themselves. Teachers report that workplace conditions do not allow any serious effort to provide instruction. The nature of these problems is such that neither improving instruction nor upgrading the present curriculum will suffice. I argue that replacing the dominant program model is the only course of action that can save a place for physical education in secondary schools. Toward that end, a number of conventional ideas about school change must be reconsidered in the light of recent research. Problems are identified that may be particularly troublesome for physical education teachers who undertake program replacement, along with potentially helpful resources in the school change literature.
The Laminin α2-Chain Short Arm Mediates Cell Adhesion through Both the α1β1 and α2β1 Integrins

Laminin-2, a heterotrimer composed of alpha2, beta1, and gamma1 subunits, is the primary laminin isoform found in muscle and peripheral nerve and is essential for the development and stability of basement membranes in these tissues. Expression of a domain VI-truncated laminin alpha2-chain results in muscle degeneration and peripheral nerve dysmyelination in the dy2J dystrophic mouse. We have expressed amino-terminal domains VI through IVb of the laminin alpha2-chain, as well as its laminin-1 alpha1-chain counterpart, to identify candidate cell-interactive functions of this critical region. Using integrin-specific antibodies, recognition sites for the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins were identified in the short arms of both laminin alpha1- and alpha2-chain isoforms. Comparisons with a beta-alpha chimeric short arm protein possessing beta1-chain domain VI further localized these activities to alpha-chain domain VI. In addition, we found that the laminin alpha2-chain short arm supported neurite outgrowth independent of other laminin-2 subunits. A heparin/heparan sulfate binding activity was also localized to this region of the laminin alpha2 subunit. These data provide the first evidence that domain VI of the laminin alpha2-chain mediates interactions with cell surface receptors and suggest that these integrin and heparin binding sites, alone or in concert, may play an important role in muscle and peripheral nerve function.
Planning in Higher Education: Some Notes on Patterns and Problems

I found it extremely difficult to come to grips with the problem of conceptualizing social change in higher education, and, in the pages to follow, I shall move disjointedly between some large and general concerns about the tensions between the ideals of aristocracy and democracy in American life, and the "laws" of institutional isomorphism, on the one hand, and some oversimplified illustrations (drawn particularly from the Program for Advanced Standing, in which well-prepared students move directly from high school graduation into sophomore academic status), on the other hand. The Mertonian middle level quite escapes me. I feel there must be some connection, although it escapes me also, between the recurrent optimism of American educators, which makes them amenable to change despite all resistances, and the hope of the Program chairman that themes presented here would somehow relate to one another and contribute to theoretical understanding and practical leverage.
Tractability of approximation of ∞-variate functions with bounded mixed partial derivatives

Abstract We study the tractability of ω -weighted L s approximation for γ -weighted Banach spaces of ∞ -variate functions with mixed partial derivatives of order r bounded in a ψ -weighted L p norm. Functions from such spaces have a natural decomposition f = ∑ u f u , where the summation is with respect to finite subsets u ⊂ N + and each f u depends only on variables listed in u . We derive corresponding multivariate decomposition methods and show that they lead to polynomial tractability under suitable assumptions concerning γ weights as well as the probability density functions ω and ψ . For instance, suppose that the cost of evaluating functions with d variables is at most exponential in d and the weights γ decay to zero sufficiently quickly. Then the cost of approximating such functions with the error at most e is proportional to e − 1 / ( r + min ( 1 / s − 1 / p , 0 ) ) ignoring logarithmic terms. This is a nearly-optimal result, since (once again ignoring logarithmic terms) it equals the complexity of the same approximation problem in the univariate case.
Marketing in Turbulent Environments: Decision Processes and the Time-Sensitivity of Information:

The authors study the relationship among information processing, marketing decisions, and performance in turbulent markets—i.e., markets in which the time-sensitivity of information is a major fact...
The Impact of Firm Resources on Subsidiary’s Competitiveness in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Study of Singaporean SMEs’ Performance in China

Many FDI studies focus on the advantages that businesses can gain through internationalization and internalization. More recent research has indicated that such traditional theories or perspectives may not sufficiently explain the subsequent success or failure of a firm’s operation in a foreign country, because the advantages gained through FDIs could be greatly affected by their strategic management in the host country environment. This study focused on the issue of a firm’s resources on its subsidiary’s competitiveness in a foreign country. A survey was undertaken in China. All companies participating in the study were small and medium‐sized Singapore‐China joint ventures and Singaporean wholly owned enterprises in China. The findings indicated that the variance in a firm’s performance in a foreign country can be largely explained by the six dimensions of firm resources: (1) technological resources, (2) owner/top manager’s managerial skills and capabilities, (3) employee’s Guanxi skills, (4) employee’s professional/technical knowledge, (5) the firm’s internal relationships and, (6) the firm’s external relationships. Among these six dimensions, employees’ professional knowledge and Guanxi skills, as well as a firm’s internal and external relationships, are significant predictors of Singaporean SMEs’ success in China.
The Shape of Dendritic Arbors in Different Functional Domains of the Cortical Orientation Map

The neocortex is organized into macroscopic functional maps. However, at the microscopic scale, the functional preference and degree of feature selectivity between neighboring neurons can vary considerably. In the primary visual cortex, adjacent neurons in iso-orientation domains share the same orientation preference, whereas neighboring neurons near pinwheel centers are tuned to different stimulus orientations. Moreover, several studies have found greater orientation selectivity in iso-orientation domains than in pinwheel centers. These differences suggest that neurons sample local inputs in a spatially homogenous fashion and independently of the location of their soma on the orientation map. Here we determine whether dendritic geometry is affected by neuronal position on the orientation map. We labeled individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons with fluorescent dyes in specific domains of the orientation map in cat primary visual cortex and imaged their dendritic trees in vivo by two-photon microscopy. We found that the circularity and uniformity of dendritic trees is independent of somatic position on the orientation map. Moreover, the dendrites of neurons located close to pinwheel centers extend across all orientation domains in an unbiased fashion. Thus, unbiased dendritic trees appear to provide an anatomical substrate for the systematic variations in feature selectivity across the orientation map.
Suffering Wonder: Wooing and Courting in the Public Sphere

In a reading that plays throughout off the Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbauch by Marx which reads: “the philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it,” the author argues for the rather paradoxical sounding claim, following a reading of Hannah Arendt, that to be existential, critical, and engaged we need to withdraw. To investigate this idea, the author further cuts against the grain by returning critical theory to its “mere” philosophical roots in wonder, and in doing so keeps an eye on the tension between philosophy and change. The author engages a version of the private-public distinction and against the backdrop of the reading of the Eleventh Thesis links his reading with the work of Nancy Fraser and her take on the public sphere and her Habermasian concern for discourse ethics. To assist in the author's utilization of Fraser's work, he weaves aspects of the thought of Arendt–namely her Kantian-inspired discussions of impartiality and radical plurality, as well as taste and judgment–into the discussion. In addition to this, the author's recent work is combined with Fraser and Arendt–particularly the concepts of the ethics of relief and the work of waiting from his Long Path to Nearness. The work begins and ends with the understanding that, as Fraser puts it: “something like Habermas's idea of the public sphere is indispensable to critical social theory and to democratic political practice.” If only the simple wearing were so simple. –Heidegger, “The Origin of the Work of Art”(1977b)
Tragic thought: Romantic nationalism in the german tradition

Thus I came among the Germans... It is a severe word, but I will say it, because it is true. I can think of no people more torn than the Germans. You see craftsmen, but no human beings, xhinkers, but no human beings, priests, but no human beings, masters and slaves, youths and elders, but no human beings--is it not like a battle field where hands and arms and all severed limbs lie about while the life blood flows into the sand? --from Hrlderlin's Hyperion And all this at a time when the German mind, which, not so very long ago, had shown itself capable of European leadership, was definitely ready to relinquish any aspirations of this sort and to effect the transition to mediocrity, democracy, and "modern ideas"--in the pompous guise, to be sure, of empire building. The intervening years have certainly taught me one thing if they have taught me nothing else: to adopt a hopeless and merciless view toward that 'German temper', ditto toward German music, which I now recognize for what it really is: a thoroughgoing romanticism, the least Greek of all art forms and, over and above that, a drug of the worst sort, especially dangerous to a nation given to hard drinking and one that vaunts intellectual ferment for its power both to intoxicate the mind and to befog. --from Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy Why, in the context of an epistolary novel from the late 18th century, does Hrlderlin inscribe his tirade against the Germans? Or, more specifically, why does he set up the opposition between Greeks and Germans? Why are the Greeks the 'opposite' of the Germans? The novel, Hyperion, in conjunction with the 'Vaterl~indlische Hymne', set up the opposition between Greek and German art that Hrlderlin tries to reconcile. Hegel contemplates the relationship between aesthetic education and the responsibility of the 'citizen' in the state. Later, at perhaps the culmination of romantic thought, Nietzsche, in the ruminations about tragedy, feels compelled to excoriate German music and statehood together. To answer the questions that relate the aesthetics of romanticism to the roots of German nationalism, one must take into account a tradition of philosophical speculation about the relationship between the self and the other, if it is indeed a relationship at all, and the totalising power of the dialectic that gained full force during the period we refer to as German romanticism. The reception of romanticism for nationalistic purposes has become notorious since World War II, when the Nazis exploited the obsession with German roots. The later condemnation of romanticism in the G.D.R. for its rampant
Market analysis utilising cultural anthropological indicators

Suggests that cultural anthropological analysis affords a neglected tool for new product design and product improvement and this helps to minimise complexity and improve market effectiveness. States there are three objectives herein: examines the type of market where economic data alone may not be enough to make a proper market evaluation; evaluates the sort of factors which might be germane to choosing alternative markets for the current product and skills available; and suggests how such a qualitative analysis may be quantified in terms of cost variances to complete the necessary analysis. Conclusions are that only a when a wider range of data is available can a comprehensive new market strategy be finalised.
Two models for bolometer and microcalorimeter detectors with complex thermal architectures

We have developed two analytical models to describe the performance of cryogenic microcalorimeters and bolometers. One of the models is suitable to describe Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors with an integrated absorber, the other is suitable for detectors with large absorbers. Both models take into account hot-electron decoupling and absorber decoupling. The differential equations describing these models have been solved using block diagram algebra. Each model has produced closed-form solutions for the detector's responsivity, dynamic impedance, and noise equivalent power for phonon noise, Johnson noise, amplifier noise, 1/f noise, and load resistor noise.
An angular correlation test of time-reversal invariance

Abstract A test of time-reversal invariance in electromagnetic transitions is proposed in which all possible two-gamma angular correlations in a triple cascade are measured. The results can be combined to yield a term proportional to cos η.
Numerical Study of Microscale Monopropellant Fuel Injection Using Two-Phase Slug Formation

Gas and liquid converging at a microchannel cross junction results in the formation of periodic, dispersed microslugs. This microslug-formation phenomenon has been proposed as the basis for a fuel-injection system in a novel, discrete monopropellant microthruster design for use in next-generation miniaturized satellites. Experimental work by McCabe et al. (“A Micro-Scale Monopropellant Fuel Injection Scheme Using Two-Phase Slug Formation,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 27, No. 6, 2012, pp. 1295–1302) demonstrated the ability to generate fuel slugs with characteristics commensurate with the intended application. In this work, numerical modeling and simulation is used to further study this problem and identify the sensitivity of the slug characteristics to key material properties including surface tension, contact angle, and fuel viscosity. These concerns are of practical concern for this application due to the potential for thermal variations and/or fluid contamination during typical operation. For...
Differential cross sections for (d,α) and (d,t) reactions in Be9

The Be9(d,α)Li7 reaction to the ground and first excited states of Li7 has been studied in the energy range 0.4 MeV≦Ed≦2.4 MeV. The Be9(d, t)Be8 reaction has been studied from 0.86 MeV < Ed < 2.2 MeV. Total cross sections for the Be9(d, p)10 reaction are presented to relate previously published angular distribution data to other Be9+d reactions. The cross sections for the Be9(d,α)Li7 transitions are comparable over the entire energy range and excitation functions for the two transitions show no obvious indication of resonances. Angular distributions for the two transitions are nevertheless dissimilar over the entire energy range. The (d,α) cross sections are observed to be approximately three times as large as the (d, p) cross sections.
Regional and quantitative differences in the postweaning development of choroid plexuses in the rat brain.

Summary Wet and dry weights of complete choroid plexuses (C.P.) were obtained from male rats at postnatal ages of 3,4,5,7,9, and 25 weeks. Choroid plexuses from different brain ventricles (I + II, III and IV) had different rates and durations of growth during the postnatal period. From 3 to 25 weeks, mean dry weights of C.P. IV increased 216.0%, C.P. I + II 88.8% and C.P. III 39.3%. While the growth of C.P. IV and possibly that of C.P. I + II extended through the investigated period, that of C.P. III ended by 5 weeks postnatally. In relation to brain dry weight, C.P. IV increased, C.P. III decreased and C.P. I + II remained nearly the same. Percentages of water content of the 3 C.P. regions were different and declined with age. The curves for decrease in C.P. regional water content were inversely related to those for growth in dry weight for the same C.P. regions. These results demonstrate a previously unsuspected duration and magnitude of growth in C.P. IV, with the implication that this structure may be thus more vulnerable to nutritional and related problems in the postweaning period. The remarkably different postnatal growth patterns in different choroid plexuses appear tobe more closely related to dimensional growth patterns of their respective ventricles rather than to those of their respective enclosing divisions of brain tissue.
Molecular weight distribution of proteinaceous material in Long Island Sound sediments

Proteinaceous material usually accounts for much of the total nitrogen and organic carbon in marine sediments. Thus, decomposition of protein is frequently investigated as a measure of labile organic matter turnover. The fraction of protein that escapes remineralization to CO2 undergoes transformations that may reflect pathways of preservation in sedimentary environments. We analyzed the molecular weight distribution of sedimentary proteinaceous material extracted with NaOH and evaluated the results in terms of diagenetic changes experienced by this pool. Total protein concentrations were determined in Long Island Sound sediments as total hydrolyzed amino acids (THAA), the sum of concentrations of individual amino acids measured after acid hydrolysis. Although the total fraction of THAA extracted by NaOH decreases slightly downcore, from 55% to 40%, the molecular size of that THAA increases. Proteinaceous material >100 kD increases in relative importance with depth and age of sediment, reaching 70% of the total THAA pool at 3 m depth, or roughly 1,000 yr of sediment accumulation. The fraction of THAA between 10 and 100 kD decreased from 25% to 5% of the total over this depth. The relative abundance of the peptide-size fraction (<3 kD) remained essentially unchanged. The processes of bacterial production, selective adsorption, geo-polymerization, and selective preservation were explored to explain these changes.
Rural-Urban Migration in Latin America: A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Geographical and Temporal Patterns

Despite the importance of rural-urban migration of Latin America urban development scholarly attention has been concentrated on this phenomenon in only the last dozen years; in fact the Santiago "Seminar on Urbanization in Latin America" held in 1959 perhaps marked the start of intensive research on the significance of migration to the demographic and socioeconomic development of the continent. However only very recently has substantial progress been made beyond the conclusions of the Santiago Seminar; only now are enough case studies available for satisfactory comparative analysis of rural-urban migration streams. Within the past year the publication of two significant articles has illustrated some of the possibilities and difficulties inherent in any comparative analysis of the available data on migrants to Latin American cities. On the one hand Balan performs a structural analysis of migrant-native socioeconomic differences based upon four variables: (1) the rural-urban continuum (here dichotomized) which is used to reflect community characteristics such as degree of social differentiation inter-dependence and ease of communication; (2) the rate of economic development in communities both rural and urban; (3) the rate of creation of jobs in sectors of high productivity within the cities of destination; and (4) the degree of "credentialism" within cities of destination; that is the degree to which formal entry requirements (e.g. high school diplomas letters of recommendation) are built into a city’s occupational structure. He concludes that we need to know much more about the communities of origin and destination rather than individual migrants in order to help better explain differential success of migrants in the city. (excerpt)
Reducing hospitalizations of children with asthma

This study sought to determine if the amount of in-hospital time could be reduced for a selected population of asthmatic children by using a behavioral intervention ("time-out" from positive reinforcement) in a general pediatric hospital. The measurements of hospital use selected were duration and frequency of hospitalization, and the time needed after admission to reverse airflow obstruction, as reflected by peak expiratory flow rates. Seven patients were selected because their use of the hospital appeared to be appreciably in excess of the severity of their asthma. All seven had been followed for at least one year prior to intervention, and were then followed for at least one year after the initial intervention. Intervention was a time-out procedure consisting of a program that removed many of the social rewards for being hospitalized. The results indicated that each of the measures of hospital use tested was reduced during and following the intervention.
Effect of Temperature on Radiosensitivity of Salmonella Typhimurium

SUMMARY Radiosensitivity of S. typhimurium increased as a function of irradiation temperature from 32 to 130°F. The greatest effect of temperature during irradiation occurred at temperatures above 110°F. Rate of bacterial destruction was significantly greater when the ionizing energy and thermal energy were applied simultaneously than when they were applied consecutively.
Generation of hydroxyl radicals from metal-loaded humic acids

Humic acids (HAs) are naturally occurring biopolymers that are ubiquitous in our environment. They are most commonly found in the soil, drinking water, and a variety of plants. Pharmacological and therapeutic studies involving humic acids have been reported to some extent. However, when certain transition metals are bound to humic acids, e.g., iron and copper, they can be harmful to biological organisms. For this study, humic acids were extracted from German, Irish, and New Hampshire soils that were selectively chosen because of their rich abundance in humic material. Each sample was treated at room temperature with 0.1 M ferric and cupric solutions for 48 h. The amount of iron and copper adsorbed by humic acid was accurately quantitated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. We further demonstrate that these metal-loaded humic acids can produce deleterious oxidizing species such as the hydroxyl radical (HO•) through the metal-driven Fenton reaction. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) employing spin tra...
Effect of Party Affiliation of Student Voters on the Image of Presidential Candidates

The hypothesis that a political candidate's image is not constant and differs predictably among different subgroups of the electorate was tested. Three different samples of undergraduate subjects were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design in which equal numbers of Republicans and Democrats rated the images of Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter by means of the semantic differential just prior to the 1976 Presidential election. As hypothesized, in all three samples, Republicans rated Ford higher than Carter, while Democrats did just the reverse. Though Democrats rated Carter higher than Ford, more of them indicated an intent to vote for Ford than for Carter. This finding contradicts previous information that image ratings predict voting behavior but may represent a special case in that college students' weak party affiliation, their lack of knowledge about politics, and their responsiveness to their agemates may make them extremely susceptible to peer pressure in elections.
Cluster-Based Development Strategies: Lessons from the Plastics Industry in North Central Massachusetts

Much written attention has been given to the rise of technologically dynamic industrial regions. These regions are characterized by the spatial clustering of small firms into flexible production networks that have the ability to quickly respond to changing global markets. Case studies generally have been limited to high-tech manufacturing clusters, even though mature industrial regions have demonstrated similar traits. A case study of the plastics industry in north central Massachusetts gained a formative perspective on a mature industrial cluster and an appreciable understanding of the correlation between the industry’s spatial concentration and organization of production. The case study findings have clear implications for regional economic development. Planning for industrial development will need to rely more on “grounded” contextual analysis, give greater focus to local capacity building, and devise more formalized networks of institutional support.
Family and Culture, and the Samoan Youth

ABSTRACT This qualitative study examines the Samoan family and culture as possible sources of risk and/or protection for delinquency among Samoan youth. Study participants included Samoan American youth and parents living in one U.S. state. Data were collected via individual interviews. Results indicate that family practices, dynamics, and socioeconomic status; cultural factors such as Samoan customs and traditions (Fa'aSamoa); and structural factors such as oppression and discrimination may serve as sources of risk and/or protection for delinquency among these Samoan youth. A theory is proposed based on familial, cultural, and structural factors related to delinquency among Samoan youth. Implications for future research, policy, and practice specifically focusing on the cultural aspects of the lived experiences of Samoan youth and their families living in the United States are discussed.
Defect of the five-thirds law using the Wiener-Hermite expansion

Application of the refined Wiener-Hermite expansion with moderate to high Reynolds numbers Re to homogeneous, isotropic turbulence is presented. The results show a defect to Kolmogorov's “five-thirds law,” increase in the absolute value of the exponent comparable with many theoretical predictions. Midrange spectra up to fluctuation Reynolds numbers of 108 show little, if any, dependence of the defect on Re, as long as the initial spectra do not deviate too far from their equilibrium states. The renormalization scheme has also been proven to have no effect on the final shape of the spectrum.
CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL I. ORAL ADMINISTRATION BY STOMACH TUBE TO RATS

THIS STUDY was made because of the conflicting reports in the literature regarding the toxicity of stilbestrol in man and animals. In many of these reports there is no evidence of controlled studies. The doses of stilbestrol are frequently excessive and so far above the calculated therapeutic dose range that the pathological changes reported are of little significance when considering the drug for clinical use. For these reasons this chronic toxicity study of the effects of stilbestrol in various dose ranges and in two different media was conducted. Four oral dose levels of stilbestrol were established for this study on rats as follows. (a) Fifty 7 3 times weekly (7507 weekly/kg. body weight of rat) which is more than 5 times as great as the average human therapeutic dose (1 mg. daily for a 50 kg. person) or corresponds to a weekly dose of 37.5 mg. of stilbestrol for the human being.
Stable second-order accurate iterative solutions for second-order elliptic problems

The paper describes a numerical scheme for solving a convection–diffusion elliptic system with very small diffusion coefficients. This iterative numerical procedure is unconditionally stable and converges very rapidly. Although only linear equations are considered here, this technique can be easily extended to non-linear equations, while keeping its main features as for the linear case. The numerical experiments presented are quite general and confirm most of these features. These examples also show a good way of implementing this scheme.
The Discovery of a Novel Macrophage Binding Site

1. During the course of studies directed to determine the transport of Angiotensin II AT2 receptors in the rat brain, we found that stab wounds to the brain revealed a binding site recognized by the AT2 receptor ligand CGP42112 but not by Angiotensin II.
MEASURING THE VALUE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY WITH STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FRONTIERS

Abstract With the vast amounts of resources being invested in information technology (IT), the issue of how to measure and manage the impact of IT on organizational performance has received increased attention. Based on the production theory in microeconomics, this paper investigates the relationship between IT investments and technical efficiency in the firm's production process. The application of stochastic production frontiers to a comprehensive firm-level panel data set provides us with empirical evidence that IT has a significantly positive effect on technical efficiency and, hence, contributes to the productivity growth in organizations, claimed by some earlier studies with the same data set. The stochastic production frontiers considered include the popular Cobb–Douglas function and the more flexible translog function. Both specifications of production technology lead to the same conclusion. Managerial implications derived from the empirical results are also presented.
Photoproduction of π - from deuterium at laboratory energies 600 to 1250 MeV

Abstract The differential cross section for the reaction γn → π−p was measured for laboratory photon energies between 600 and 1250 MeV, using a liquid deuterium target. The experiment used three different techniques to measure 900 independent cross section values. The measurements from the two most reliable techniques were then interpolated and averaged to produce a final sample of 343 cross section measurements covering 29 lab. photon energies. The data show that the amplitude to excite the F15(1688) resonance is small, in agreement with a quark model prediction.
Differential gender effects of exposure to rap music on African American adolescents' acceptance of teen dating violence

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of exposure to nonviolent rap music on African American adolescents' perceptions of teen dating violence. African American male and female subjects were exposed to nonviolent rap videos (which contained images of women in sexually subordinate roles) or they saw no videos. They read a vignette that involved teen dating violence perpetrated by a male. The results indicated that there was a significant interaction between gender and video exposure. More specifically, acceptance of the use of violence did not vary as a function of exposure for male subjects. Conversely, female subjects who were exposed to the videos showed greater acceptance of the violence than females who were not exposed. Possible basis and implications for these findings are discussed.
Prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure alters seizure susceptibility in rats.

Abstract An animal model is used to address the issue of prenatal exposure to certain antiepileptic drugs and seizure susceptibility in the offspring. Administration of doses established as median therapeutic doses in humans of phenobarbital, valproate and clonazepam to pregnant rats during the last third of gestation produced sexually dimorphic alterations in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures as well as in non-convulsive (spontaneous alteration and cliff avoidance) behaviors in the offspring. Altered seizure susceptibility occurred in the absence of overtly recognizable morphological abnormalities and did not appear to reflect differences in the status of circulating drug-binding plasma proteins. Possible neural and/or metabolic mechanisms responsible for these behavioral changes are discussed.
“Everyone with Eyes Can See the Problem”: Moral Citizens and the Space of Irish Nationhood

This paper examines Ireland’s 2004 Constitutional Amendment which removes birthright citizenship from any future Irish-born children of immigrant parents. I argue that for particular historical reasons, the ability of the state to convince its citizens of the necessity for this Amendment was remarkable and I suggest that it was able to do so by constructing citizenship as a moral regime and foreign-nationals and their foetuses as ‘suspect patriots.’ I describe how the notion of immorality is laminated upon black bodies ‐ specifically black pregnant women ‐ and how the presence of black migrant workers, refugees and asylees consequently comes to be experienced in Irish national space as transgressive, their political subjecthood constrained by the supposedly legible abjectivity of their bodies. The issue of race remains unenunciated, and yet, as the Minister for Justice stated during the referendum debate, ‘anyone with eyes can see the problem.’ The Irish government’s privileging of moral rather than cultural incommensurability is strikingly similar to culturalist rhetorics of exclusion that are often invoked when race is at issue in European public debate on immigration. Configured upon, and therefore experienced as a type of body, immorality becomes an alibi for race and is naturalized as a form of exclusion and as a potential site of state intervention in the form of xenophobic legislation and policymaking. Reading this decision as merely racist however, fails to give voice to the experiences of Irish Citizens who voted for this Amendment. Their struggle to build a “New Ireland” and to accept a multiculturalist framework in the face of neo-liberal restructuring policies and a European-wide retreat from the welfare state must be considered as being in dialectical tension with the ideological smearing of immigrants if we are to fully grasp the complex interaction between relations of power and the privileging of difference.