cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on optimization for the open multi-sources oil-field power net output

The oil-field power system and provincial power system belong to the different power system, which purchases the maximal economic benefit respectively. Therefore, under the security restraint, how to cooperate each source output to meet the need of economic operation of the oil-field power system adaptively becomes a very important problem. The mathematical model of oil-field power system output optimization is set up under the market condition, which takes the minimal power cost as the objective function, whose constraints include power supply balance, power station output, line security. At the same time, considering the influence on the actual power price of the net losses generated by the difference of the geographical different sources the modified power price is introduced. Furthermore, the improved genetic algorithm using the chaotic searching method is proposed and applied to the optimization for the oil-field power system. Results show that the improved algorithm can reduce the power costs of the oil-field power system.
Model tests for structural response of Apollo command module to water impact.

Model tests for determination of structural response of Apollo Command Module to water impact
Probing pair-correlated fermionic atoms through correlations in atom shot noise

Pair-correlated fermionic atoms are created through dissociation of weakly bound molecules near a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance. We show that correlations between atoms in different spin states can be detected using the atom shot noise in absorption images. Furthermore, using time-of-flight imaging we have observed atom pair correlations in momentum space.
Heresthetics and Happenstance: Intentional and Unintentional Exclusionary Impacts of the Zoning Decision-making Process

This paper examines political and legal justifications for zoning and other land-use regulations that have exclusionary impacts. The paper argues that much exclusionary regulation is justified (and rationalised) by arguments that divert attention from the undesired incidence upon the poor and minorities by referring to other values (such as environmental protection, controlling urban sprawl, relieving traffic congestion, historical preservation and other 'good planning principles'). Sometimes this manipulation is deliberate and may be thought of as an example of the art of 'heresthetics'. At other times, this form of argument may be more coincidental (i.e. a 'happenstance'). Rationales for exclusionary zoning may be offered in good faith by policy-makers who are acting out of personal convictions or in response to the pressure from various political interests. Jurisdictions with homogeneous and small constituencies are conjectured to be more exclusionary in intent and will resort to heresthetics to justif...
Valvular aortic stenosis in the elderly.

Elderly patients with valvular aortic stenosis have an increased prevalence of coronary risk factors, of coronary artery disease, and evidence of other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Statins may reduce the progression of aortic stenosis (AS). Angina pectoris, syncope or near syncope, and congestive heart failure are the 3 classic manifestations of severe AS. Prolonged duration and late peaking of an aortic systolic ejection murmur best differentiate severe AS from mild AS on physical examination. Doppler echo- cardiography is used to diagnose the prevalence and severity of AS. The indications for cardiac catheterization and the medical manage- ment of AS are discussed. Once symptoms develop, aortic valve replacement (AVR) should be performed in patients with severe or moderate AS. Other indications for AVR are discussed. Warfarin should be administered indefinitely after AVR in patients with a mechanical aortic valve and in patients with a bioprosthetic aortic valve who have either atrial fibrillation, prior thromboembolism, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or a hypercoagulable condition. Patients with a bioprosthetic aortic valve without any of these 4 risk factors should be treated with aspirin 75-100 mg daily.
Power electronics converter control based on neural network and fuzzy logic methods

Current-controlled voltage source inverters offer substantial advantages in improving motor system dynamics for high-performance AC drive systems. The controller switches follow a set of reference current waveforms. Fixed-band hysteresis and sinusoidal-band hysteresis controllers have been studied. Neural network and fuzzy logic based current-controlled voltage source inverters are developed. The models and learning techniques are investigated by simulation. The implementation of neural networks is described and simulation results are presented. The application of fuzzy control to DC-DC power converters operating at finite switching frequency is studied. Several control methods currently used for buck and boost converters are compared to the fuzzy converter control. Simulation results for several control methods are presented. The simulations show that the fuzzy control method has better dynamic performance and less steady state error. >
Regulation of High-Affinity Iron Acquisition Homologues in the Tsetse Fly Symbiont Sodalis glossinidius

Sodalis glossinidius is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is a secondary symbiont of the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae). Since studies with other facultative intracellular bacteria have shown that high-affinity iron acquisition genes are upregulated in vivo, we investigated the regulation of several Sodalis genes that encode putative iron acquisition systems. These genes, SG1538 (hemT) and SG1516 (sitA), are homologous to genes encoding periplasmic heme and iron/manganese transporters, respectively. hemT promoter- and sitA promoter-gfp fusions were constructed, and in both Escherichia coli and Sodalis backgrounds, expression levels of these fusions were higher when the bacteria were grown in iron-limiting media than when the bacteria were grown in iron-replete media. The Sodalis promoters were tested for iron regulation in an E. coli strain that lacks the fur gene, which encodes the iron-responsive transcriptional repressor Fur. Expression of the promoter-gfp fusions in the E. coli fur mutant was constitutively high in both iron-replete and iron-deplete media, and addition of either Shigella flexneri fur or Sodalis fur to a plasmid restored normal regulation. A Sodalis fur mutant was constructed by intron mutagenesis, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that iron repression of sitA expression was also abolished in this strain. In vivo expression analysis showed that hemT and sitA are expressed when Sodalis is within tsetse fly hosts, suggesting a biological role for these genes when Sodalis is within the tsetse fly.
A signal space representation of fixed delay tree search for use with d=0 codes

This paper addresses the optimality of the fixed-delay tree search with decision feedback (FDTS/DF) detector for data without a minimum run length constraint. The evaluation is performed by comparing the minimum distance for FDTS/DF with the minimum distance associated with a maximum likelihood sequence detector (MLSD). Using this distance information, potential improvements through coding are addressed. An alternative realization to the direct implementation of FDTS/DF is considered by examining the detection process in the context of a signal space.
Impact of endovascular repair on early outcomes of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Objective Our purpose was to examine the impact of the introduction of endovascular treatment on the early outcomes of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) during 2 consecutive time periods at a single institution. Methods The hospital records of a single tertiary care center from 1997 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed, and 36 consecutive patients who underwent treatment for acute ruptured AAA were identified. They were divided into 19 (53%) patients who were all treated with conventional open surgery from 1997 to 2001 ( early ) and 17 (47%) patients who were treated either with open (n = 4, 24%) or endovascular (n = 13, 76%) methods from 2002 to 2004 ( late ). All endovascular repairs were performed with commercially available bifurcated devices. Outcome measures included death, major complications, disposition at discharge (home or extended care facility), procedure time, blood loss, and hospital length of stay. Results Age, sex, and AAA size were similar between the 2 groups. Perioperative mortality in the early and late periods were 37% versus 12%, respectively ( P = .13); rates of major complications were 84% versus 65%, respectively ( P = .26); and discharge to home rather than extended care facility was 32% versus 59%, respectively ( P = .18). Median procedure times (275 vs 149 minutes, P P P Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that introduction of endovascular therapies may be potentially beneficial in the overall treatment scheme of patients with ruptured AAAs. However, longer follow-up and larger cohorts are needed to better establish its feasibility and efficacy compared with conventional open surgical repair.
Thermal burns in four dogs during anesthesia

Thermal burns occurred in four anesthetized dogs as a result of using latex surgical gloves filled with warm water to treat hypothermia. The burns were on relatively hairless skin that had been in contact with the gloves. Small containers full of warm water are a relatively inefficient source of heat, but if the temperature of the water exceeds 45 degrees C and the container contacts the animal's skin, thermal injury can result.
GOTreePlus: an interactive gene ontology browser.

Summary: We developed an interactive GO (gene ontology) browser named GOTreePlus that superimposes annotation information over GO structures. It can facilitate the identification of important GO terms through interactive visualization of them in the GO structure. The interactive pie chart summarizing an annotation distribution for a selected GO term provides users with a succinct context-sensitive overview of their experimental results. We tested our GOTreePlus using a proteome profiling dataset obtained on differentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells where 399 proteins were quantified. Availability: http://bioinformatics.cnmcresearch.org/GOTreePlus/ Contact: bongshin@microsoft.com or jseo@cnmcresearch.org
A bin integral method for solving the kinetic collection equation

A new numerical method for solving the kinetic collection equation (KCE) is proposed, and its accuracy and convergence are investigated. The method, herein referred to as the bin integral method with Gauss quadrature (BIMGQ), makes use of two binwise moments, namely, the number and mass concentration in each bin. These two degrees of freedom define an extended linear representation of the number density distribution for each bin following Enukashvily (1980). Unlike previous moment-based methods in which the gain and loss integrals are evaluated for a target bin, the concept of source–bin pair interactions is used to transfer bin moments from source bins to target bins. Collection kernels are treated by bilinear interpolations. All binwise interaction integrals are then handled exactly by Gauss quadrature of various orders. In essence the method combines favorable features in previous spectral moment-based and bin-based pair-interaction (or flux) methods to greatly enhance the logic, consistency, and simplicity in the numerical method and its implementation. Quantitative measures are developed to rigorously examine the accuracy and convergence properties of BIMGQ for both the Golovin kernel and hydrodynamic kernels. It is shown that BIMGQ has a superior accuracy for the Golovin kernel and a monotonic convergence behavior for hydrodynamic kernels. Direct comparisons are also made with the method of Berry and Reinhardt (1974), the linear flux method of Bott (1998), and the linear discrete method of Simmel et al. (2002).
Supporting time-sensitive applications on a commodity OS

Commodity operating systems are increasingly being used for serving time-sensitive applications. These applications require low-latency response from the kernel and from other system-level services. In this paper, we explore various operating systems techniques needed to support time-sensitive applications and describe the design of our Time-Sensitive Linux (TSL) system. We show that the combination of a high-precision timing facility, a well-designed preemptible kernel and the use of appropriate scheduling techniques is the basis for a low-latency response system and such a system can have low overhead. We evaluate the behavior of realistic time-sensitive user- and kernel-level applications on our system and show that, in practice, it is possible to satisfy the constraints of time-sensitive applications in a commodity operating system without significantly compromising the performance of throughput-oriented applications.
A unified information criterion for evaluating probe and test selection

Diagnostic tasks often need to make the decision of what measurement to make or what action to take in order to resolve ambiguities in diagnosis. Intuitively one would like to seek the most ldquoinformativerdquo choice. In the paper, we formalize this intuition and propose an information criterion for evaluating and comparing measurement/action choices based on their information contribution. The criterion is mutual information, an information-theoretic concept measuring statistical dependence. The information criterion gives a precise quantitative metric to differentiate the quality of measurement/action choices. We use a few concrete example in two separate paradigms, probe selection in circuit diagnosis and test generation in production plants, to illustrate the mutual information criterion. Despite the apparent differences of the two paradigms, the information criterion works coherently. We demonstrate how different probing actions or test plans vary in their information values.
Can Markers Injected Into a Single-Loop Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Define the Axes of the Tibial and Femoral Tunnels? A Cadaveric Study Using Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis

Lengthening of a soft-tissue anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft construct over time, which leads to an increase in anterior laxity following ACL reconstruction, can result from relative motions between the graft and fixation devices and between the fixation devices and bone. To determine these relative motions using Roentgen stereophotogrammetry (RSA), it is first necessary to identify the axes of the tibial and femoral tunnels. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the error in using markers injected into the portions of a soft-tissue tendon graft enclosed within the tibial and femoral tunnels to define the axes of these tunnels. Markers were injected into the tibia, femur, and graft in six cadaveric legs the knees of which were reconstructed with single-loop tibialis grafts. The axes of the tunnels were defined by marker pairs that were injected into the bones on lines parallel to the walls of the tibial and femoral tunnels (i.e., standard). By using marker pairs injected into the portions of the graft enclosed within the tibial and femoral tunnels and the marker pairs aligned with the tunnel axes, the directions of vectors were determined by using RSA, while a 150 N anterior force was transmitted at the knee. The average and standard deviations of the angle between the two vectors were 5.5+/-3.3 deg. This angle translates into an average error and standard deviation of the error in lengthening quantities (i.e., relative motions along the tunnel axes) at the sites of fixation of (0.6+/-0.8)%. Identifying the axes of the tunnels by using marker pairs in the graft rather than marker pairs in the walls of the tunnels will shorten the surgical procedure by eliminating the specialized tools and time required to insert marker pairs in the tunnel walls and will simplify the data analysis in in vivo studies.
Design, modeling, fabrication and testing of a MEMS capacitive bending strain sensor

Presented herein are the design, modelling, fabrication and testing of a MEMSbased capacitive bending strain sensor utilizing a comb drive. This sensor is designed to be integrated with a telemetry system that will monitor changes in bending strain to assist orthopaedic surgeons with the diagnosis of spinal fusion. ABAQUS/CAE version 6.5 finite element analysis (FEA) modelling software was used to predict sensor actuation, capacitance output and the avoidance of material failure. Highly doped boron silicon wafers with a low resistivity were fabricated into an interdigitated finger array employing deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) to create 150 µm sidewalls with 25 µm spacing between the adjacent fingers. For testing, the sensor was adhered to a steel beam, which was subjected to four-point bending. This mechanically changed the spacing between the interdigitated fingers as a function of strain. As expected, the capacitance output increased as an inverse function of the spacing between the interdigitated fingers, beginning with an initial capacitance of 7.56 pF at the unstrained state and increasing inversely to 17.04 pF at 1571 µe of bending strain. The FEA and analytical models were comparable with experimental data. The largest differential of 0.65 pF or 6.33% occurred at 1000 µe.
Ecological Studies on the Planktonic Protozoa of a Small Artificial Pond1

A one-year survey was conducted on a small artificial pond to determine environmental relationships of planktonic protozoa to physical and inorganic chemical factors. Collections were made at 9:00 A. M., Eastern Standard Time, every other day. Planktonic samples were taken from the surface and bottom, and sunlight intensity and temperature were measured. Chemical analyses included alkalinity, carbon dioxide, chloride, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, pH, hardness, and turbidity. Bacteria counts were made microscopically, and protozoa were handled by the Sedgwick-Rafter method. The order of appearance of phytoplankton may have been influenced by the abundance of growth factors coupled with varying amounts of dissolved substances: Cryptomonas appeared in autumn and early summer; chrysomonads and Chlamydomonas in winter; Glenodinium, Pyramimonas, and diatoms in spring; and euglenoids in summer. The amount of phosphate seemed to influence which phytoplankters appeared: chrysomonads were not found when the water contained more than 0.02 ppm of phosphate, whereas cryptomonads and diatoms increased at this concentration, and euglenoids were abundant at several times this concentration. Within each phosphate range other factors, such as nitrogen sources and growth factors, exercised more immediate effects. Supply of organic nutrients appeared to influence euglenoid numbers. Increases in sunlight and temperature were favorable for diatoms but unfavorable for Glenodinium cinctum and Trachelomonas hispida. The nature and amount of food appeared to be the controlling factor for ciliates. Many plankters live perilously close to minimum survival conditions, and slight environmental changes can promote rapid growth, reduction, or subsidence of a population. This survey shows that detailed studies are necessary to ascertain ecological relationships of microorganisms, and that protozoan habitats must be defined more precisely.
Integration of IC Industry Feature Sizes with University Back-End-of-Line Post Processing: Example Using a Phase-Change Memory Test Chip

We have demonstrated that back-end-of-line (BEOL) processing can successfully be performed in a university environment on die that have been fabricated at a foundry. This processing option enables universities to integrate state-of-the-art feature sizes with low resolution photolithography capabilities, such as achieved with a contact aligner, typically available at universities. With this capability, new device technologies and materials can be explored at the university level, where the basic research on the technology can occur without the timelines and expectations that are placed on product development in an industrial setting. By incorporating state-of-the-art feature sizes with these research efforts, the research results will be more applicable and more easily transferable to an industrial environment. In our project, we have demonstrated the integration of a foundry processed chip with the BEOL university processing through the fabrication of a small phase-change memory array with CMOS access transistors and addressing circuitry wherein the phase-change memory material was processed BEOL at Boise State University.
Uncertainty about Litigation Losses and Auditors’ Modified Audit Reports

Abstract Most research investigating the usefulness of auditors’ reports modified because of material uncertainties has concentrated on either (1) financial statement users’ reactions to such qualifications or (2) the ability of auditors to predict bankruptcy given a going concern qualification. This study presents evidence about whether audit reports modified for litigation uncertainty convey information about the probability and/or amount of litigation losses. This research indicates that firms whose audit reports are modified because of litigation uncertainty are not more likely to lose a lawsuit than firms with an unqualified opinion and footnote disclosure of litigation; however, many losses are reported as immaterial. An analysis of firms with material litigation losses shows that significantly more of them received qualified opinions than received unqualified opinions. The results also indicate that the expected amount of the loss is greater for a firm receiving a modified report than one only having footnoted disclosure. The conclusion reached is that qualified opinions are useful to financial statement users in predicting material litigation losses. Data used in this study are available from the authors.
Inferring spike-timing-dependent plasticity from spike train data

Synaptic plasticity underlies learning and is thus central for development, memory, and recovery from injury. However, it is often difficult to detect changes in synaptic strength in vivo, since intracellular recordings are experimentally challenging. Here we present two methods aimed at inferring changes in the coupling between pairs of neurons from extracellularly recorded spike trains. First, using a generalized bilinear model with Poisson output we estimate time-varying coupling assuming that all changes are spike-timing-dependent. This approach allows model-based estimation of STDP modification functions from pairs of spike trains. Then, using recursive point-process adaptive filtering methods we estimate more general variation in coupling strength over time. Using simulations of neurons undergoing spike-timing dependent modification, we show that the true modification function can be recovered. Using multi-electrode data from motor cortex we then illustrate the use of this technique on in vivo data.
Does the impact of child sexual abuse differ from maltreated but non-sexually abused children? A prospective examination of the impact of child sexual abuse on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems

Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a significant problem with significant short and long term consequences. However, extant literature is limited by the reliance on retrospective recall of adult samples, single-time assessments, and lack of longitudinal data during the childhood and adolescent years. The purpose of this study was to compare internalizing and externalizing behavior problems of those with a history of sexual abuse to those with a history of maltreatment, but not sexual abuse. We examined whether gender moderated problems over time. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) at ages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 (N=977). The Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess internalizing and externalizing problems. Maltreatment history and types were obtained from official Child Protective Services (CPS) records. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to assess behavior problems over time by maltreatment group. Findings indicated significantly more problems in the CSA group than the maltreated group without CSA over time. Internalizing problems were higher for sexually abused boys compared to girls. For sexually abused girls internalizing problems, but not externalizing problems increased with age relative to boys. This pattern was similar among maltreated but not sexually abused youth. Further efforts are needed to examine the psychological effects of maltreatment, particularly CSA longitudinally as well as better understand possible gender differences in order to best guide treatment efforts.
Moving beyond a destructive past to a decolonised and inclusive future: The role of ubuntu-style education in providing culturally relevant pedagogy for Namibia

Namibia has one of the most dehumanising and destructive colonial pasts of any nation in Africa, or, for that matter, the world. Before colonisation, the area now known as Namibia was home to diverse cultural groups. The successive colonial regimes of Germany and South Africa inflicted genocide, brutality and apartheid on the region. Namibia finally fought for and won its independence in 1990 – over three decades after Ghana became the first independent sub-Saharan nation in 1957. Today, Namibia strives to leave behind its troubled past and harness the power of education to provide greater equality of opportunity and quality of life for all of its citizens. The concept of ubuntu, with its emphasis on inclusiveness, equity and equality, is central to Namibia’s pursuit of this goal. Significant challenges stand in its way, including extreme poverty, an emerging economy struggling with drought and a competitive world market, and a populace with multiple mother tongues and cultural traditions. After a brief summary of Namibia’s colonial past, this study examines these challenges, noting that the same factors that provide Namibia with a rich and diverse cultural tapestry also pose great difficulties for educators determined to provide equitable education for all. Current inequities in Namibian education are assessed, with a particular focus on the divide between urban and rural Namibia and between the four major ethnic and cultural groupings: the White Afrikaans speakers, the Black African majority, the Coloured population, and the Basters. The study concludes by suggesting multiple ways in which education could be brought closer into line with ubuntu values. The author argues that the very same factors that currently pose challenges to the quality and equity of Namibian education (ethnicity, urban/rural location, gender and socioeconomic class) might, if seen from a new perspective, become the basis for educational transformation.
Tunability of Band Gaps in Metal–Organic Frameworks

The tunability of the band gaps in Zn-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been experimentally demonstrated via two different approaches: changing the cluster size of the secondary building unit (SBU) or alternating the conjugation of the organic linker.
Operation of a Microwave Electron Cyclotron Resonance Cathode

The operation of a high-current electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) cathode was demonstrated at 2.45 GHz, and four variations in the baseline design configuration were evaluated. Reducing the ECR cathode extraction slot opening increased the internal chamber pressure and resulted in increased electron extraction current magnitude. Increasing the magnetic field near the antenna caused improvements in ionization efficiency. Extraction currents up to 2.35 A were attained for a xenon flow rate of 3.5 sccm at 125 W of microwave input power. Based on these findings, a new ECR neutralizer with a modified magnetic circuit accommodating 5.8 GHz operation will be fabricated and tested to demonstrate a significantly higher current capability.
A New Distribution Record for the Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma Maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae)

A new distribution record is established for the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum , for Kentucky, USA.
Survey of Rapid Progressive Pneumoconiosis in A Private Owned Quartz Sand Factory

Objective To analyze the characteristics of rapid progressive pneumoconiosis and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease according to the results of occupational health examination among 184 workers in a private owned quartz sand factory.Methods Occupational health examination items included occupation history,clinical manifestation,regular medical test and high KV X ray chest photography with Jingdao 800 MA X ray machine.Pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed by a group of diagnosticians based on GBZ70-2002 standard.The data were processed by related exams and γ test.Results Forty six workers were diagnosed as pneumosilicosis with the incidence rate of 25%,in which 24 were in phase 1,12 were in phase 2 and 10 were in phase 3.No relationship between working year,age and pneumoconiosis incidence was observed(P0.05).However,the differences on the incidence of pneumoconiosis in different phase by working years were statistical significant(χ2= 6.542,P0.05),but the differences by ages were not statistical significant(χ2= 2.392,P0.05).Conclusion The pneumoconiosis cases in this study occurred after short exposures,which showed the characteristics of rapid progressive pneumoconiosis.It is necessary to conduct health education about occupational protection,improve working conditions and strengthen supervision and surveillance to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.
On the journalistic balance of “The New York Times”

The New York Times” has been famous for its “objective, fair and unbiased” reporting that seems balanced. However, my content analysis shows that “The New York Times” is not really balanced in its reporting the 2003 Iraqi War. In fact, its orientation and stand well exist in its delicate news management techniques, i.e. persuading its readers into believing some views and neglecting others by agenda-setting, news priming and news framing.It is revealed that unconditional journalistic balance never exists because of the following four factors: the government's need to control public opinions, media's economic pressures, pressures from the audiences and media's limitations and restraints. Therefore, media can never keep from propagandizing, which probably leads to journalistic unbalance. The paper also suggests that the advanced news management techniques that “The New York Times” uses are worth critical learning.
Medical complications in patients with joint replacements.

The three major complications associated with joint replacement surgery—infection, embolus, and loosening—are to a certain extent preventable. The primary care physician remains the patient's chief bulwark against such sequelae.
35 Maximising injury prevention efforts – development of an interactive database of evidence-based tools and programs

Statement of purpose Translating injury science into practice is challenging. One barrier to this process is identifying high quality and effective, peer-reviewed, evidence – based prevention programs. To address this barrier, the Michigan Injury Centre developed a database of tools and programs to assist injury professionals with program implementation. The purpose of this report is to describe how the database was developed. Methods/approach Resources for the Tools and Programs database are chosen using a three-step process: 1) a thorough online search; 2) a preliminary review of published evidence; and 3) a formal rating is assigned to each program based on guidelines from the U.S. Department of Health and Humans Services’ National Guidelines Clearinghouse. The numerical rating denotes the strength of the research demonstrating its outcomes. Minimum requirements for the inclusion of a program include (1) demonstration of one or more positive outcomes; 2) confirmation of the outcomes by at least one well-designed research study; and 3) documentation of the results in a peer-reviewed journal, publication, or expert report. Educational materials (e.g. fact sheets) must be based on best-practice, expert reports, or clinical research of respected authorities. Results The Tools and Programs database continues to grow as new resources are identified; it now includes 31 prevention programs, 15 educational materials and 48 clearinghouses. The MI Injury Centre’s website receives about 600 visits per month, and since January 1, 2014, the Tools and Programs database has had a total of 1,500 visitors. Conclusions This database is the first solely designed for injury professionals. It is a centralised resource for professionals seeking effective injury prevention programs and educational materials across a wide range of injury topics. Significance and contribution This database has the potential to house an extensive inventory of current scientific advances in the field, a practical tool for injury prevention professionals.
Plasma Motors: The Propulsion of Plasma by Magnetic Means

It has been experimentally demonstrated that speeds of the order of 107 cm/sec can be obtained by the propulsion of plasmas by magnetic forces resulting from high electrical current passed through the plasma. In order to increase the efficiency of energy transfer from the capacitor in which the energy is stored to the kinetic energy of the plasma, it is desirable that the gun be spread out over a distance of a large fraction of a meter in order that a discharged current can act upon the plasma for an appreciable length of time. This report examines the relationships for energy transfer in various types of rail-type plasma guns and motors. Also discussed is the efficiency of energy transfer in the induction or electrodeless type of gun. It is shown that with the rail-type guns with a length of the order of a meter with currents of the order of 104 amperes and externally excited fields of the order of 10,000 gauss, speeds of the order of 108 cm/sec and a back e. m. f. of the order of 20 kilovolts can be expected. This high a back e. m. f. suggests that it is possible to extract most of the energy of the capacitor and transform it into kinetic energy of the plasma in the first half cycle of current.
Introduction, Theory, and the Media-Education Landscape

It is time to imagine an education system that, rather than hindering, nurtures and encourages creativity. The research outlined in this book acknowledges the limitations of knowledge and the opportunities for different perspectives and approaches. More importantly, it ‘recognizes that not-knowing is a fundamental starting point for creativity’ (Seel 2012: 835). In the end, knowledge has to be about choices, and therefore about innovation, imagination, and possibilities (Wallerstein 2004: 56).
Methylamine Adsorption and Decomposition on Pt(111) and (5×20) and (1×1) Pt(100)

Abstract Methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) decomposition on platinum is used as a model for the study of C-N bond scission processes. TDS of CH 3 NH 2 on (1x1) Pt(100) indicates that approximately 50% of the methylamine catalytically decomposes, while on the (5x20) Pt(100) surface less than 10% reacts. EELS data support the conclusion that the (1x1) surface is much more active for CH 3 NH 2 decomposition than is the (5x20) Pt(100) surface. Infrared data of CH3NH2 on Pt(lll) indicate that this surface is also quite inactive for methylamine decomposition. A comparison of the results for Pt(100) and Pt(lll) provides strong evidence that the methylamine decomposition reaction is structure sensitive on platinum.
Abstract 3017: Non-classical activation of GLI1 as a therapeutic target for squamous cell lung cancer

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is critical for embryonic developmental processes and its deregulation is implicated in a wide variety of tumor types. However, the role of the Hh signaling pathway in the initiation and growth of non-small cell lung cancer is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of GLI1, a major Hh pathway transcription factor, in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to test the therapeutic potential of targeting GLI1. GLI1 expression in human SCC cell lines was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western Blot. siRNA and shRNA of GLI1 in these cell lines were utilized in vitro and in vivo to test the requirement of GLI1 in tumor growth. Small molecule modulators of GLI1 were tested for their therapeutic potential. We have demonstrated that GLI1 has a critical role in SCC progression. GLI1 expression was significantly elevated in lung SCC compared to normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma patient specimens in several human genomic databases. Importantly, overexpression of GLI1 was correlated with poor overall survival in lung cancer patients. siRNA-mediated knock down of GLI1 in SCC cell lines decreased the expression of GLI1 target genes and caused a significant reduction in colony formation. Stable knock down of GLI1 in SCC cell lines caused a significant reduction in growth of xenograft tumors indicating the critical role of GLI1 in lung SCC progression. Inhibition or activation of SMO, an upstream component of Hh pathway, did not change GLI1 expression level in SCC cell lines. However, inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways down regulated GLI1 expression. These results suggested that GLI1 expression is dependent on PI3K/mTOR and MAPK pathway activity rather than Hh ligand. PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, or arsenic trioxide (ATO), a direct inhibitor of GLI proteins, significantly reduced GLI1 expression, proliferation, and clonogenicity in SCC cell lines. We have also observed a significant growth reduction in SCC xenografted tumors treated with combination of PI3K inhibitor and ATO. Our findings suggest that GLI1 is essential for lung SCC tumor progression. Furthermore, GLI1 expression in SCC is independent of Hh pathway ligand action and dependent on MAPK and PI3K pathway activity. Direct inhibition of GLI1 by repurposing ATO in combination with a PI3K inhibitor may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for lung SCC. Citation Format: Sahba Kasiri, Chunli Shao, Baozhi Chen, Alexandra Wilson, Paul Yenerall, Brenda Timmons, patrick dospoy, Suzie Hight, Luc Girard, Hui Tian, Carmen Behrens, Ignacio Wistuba, Adi Gazdar, James Kim. Non-classical activation of GLI1 as a therapeutic target for squamous cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3017.
Galanin in Alzheimer's disease: neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?

Galanin (GAL) and GAL receptors (GALRs) are overexpressed in degenerating brain regions associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The functional consequences of GAL plasticity in AD are unclear. GAL inhibits cholinergic transmission in the hippocampus and impairs spatial memory in rodent models, suggesting GAL overexpression exacerbates cognitive impairment in AD. By contrast, gene expression profiling of individual cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons aspirated from AD tissue revealed that GAL hyperinnervation positively regulatesmRNAs that promote CBF neuronal function and survival. GAL also exerts neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurotoxicity. These data support the growing concept that GAL overexpression preserves CBF neuron function which in turn may slow the onset of AD symptoms. Further elucidation of GAL activity in selectively vulnerable brain regions will help gauge the therapeutic potential of GALR ligands for the treatment of AD. (Part of a Multi-author Review)
The effect of Mo doping on the charge separation dynamics and photocurrent performance of BiVO4 photoanodes

Doping with electron-rich elements in BiVO4 photoanodes has been demonstrated as a desirable approach for improving their carrier mobility and charge separation efficiency. However, the effect of doping and dopant concentration on the carrier dynamics and photoelectrochemical performance remains unclear. In this work, we examined the effects of Mo doping on the charge separation dynamics and photocurrent performance in BiVO4 photoanodes. We show that the photocurrent of BiVO4 photoanodes increases with increasing concentration of the Mo dopant, which can be attributed to both the improved carrier mobility resulting from increased electron density and charge separation efficiency due to the diminishing of trap states upon Mo doping. The effect of doping on the electronic structure, carrier dynamics and photocurrent performance of BiVO4 photoanodes resulting from W and Mo dopants was also compared and discussed in this study. The knowledge gained from this work will provide important insights into the optimization of the carrier mobility and charge separation efficiency of BiVO4 photoanodes by controlling the dopants and their concentrations.
Divergent outcomes of fructose consumption on exercise capacity of rats: friend or foe

The evidence that short-term fructose intake potentiates exercise capacity by nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms yields an optimal fructose feeding frame in which beneficial effects of fructose have ...
Adjunctive Therapies in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Despite the advances in the medical and respiratory support of preterm infants, chronic lung disease in these infants, widely known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), remains one of the most challenging complications in preterm infants. The changing definitions of this disease, based on its treatment, have made management both difficult and frustrating to neonatologists. As a result, several therapies, devices, strategies, and adjunctive agents have evolved to either reduce the risk of BPD or alleviate its course. This article focuses on the pathogenesis of BPD, the adjunctive therapies used in relation to BPD, and the mechanisms of action of these adjunctive therapies.
Female sex independently predicts mortality after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for intact descending thoracic aortic aneurysms

Abstract Objective Whereas sex differences in the pathogenesis, presentation, and outcomes of repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms are well studied, less is known about sex differences after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between sex and morbidity and mortality after TEVAR. Methods A retrospective review of all TEVARs in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry from 2011 to 2015 was conducted, excluding those with dissection, trauma, and rupture. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test for categorical and continuous variables. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox hazards modeling were used to account for differences in demographics, comorbidities, and aneurysm characteristics in 30-day mortality and long-term survival. Results We identified 2574 patients (40% women) who underwent TEVAR. Women were older, were less likely to be white, and had smaller aortic diameters but larger aortic size indices (aortic diameter/body surface area). Women also had more chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but less coronary artery disease and fewer coronary interventions. Women were more likely to be symptomatic at presentation and subsequently to have a nonelective procedure. Women had higher estimated blood loss >500 mL (20% vs 17%; P = .04), were more likely to be transfused (29% vs 21%; P P P P P P P P P = .02). Conclusions Even after adjusting for differences in age and comorbidities, female patients have higher perioperative mortality and lower long-term survival after TEVAR. These findings, along with the rupture risk by sex, should be considered by clinicians in determining the timing of intervention.
Who Wants to Play? Sport Motivation Trajectories, Sport Participation, and the Development of Depressive Symptoms

Although sport involvement has the potential to enhance psychological wellbeing, studies have suggested that motivation to participate in sports activities declines across childhood and adolescence. This study incorporated expectancy-value theory to model children’s sport ability self-concept and subjective task values trajectories from first to twelfth grade. Additionally, it examined if sport motivation trajectories predicted individual and team-based sport participation and whether sport participation in turn reduced the development of depressive symptoms. Data were drawn from the Childhood and Beyond Study, a cross-sequential longitudinal study comprised of three cohorts (N = 1065; 49% male; 92% European American; M ages for youngest, middle, and oldest cohorts at the first wave were 6.42, 7.39, and 9.36 years, respectively). Results revealed four trajectories of students’ co-development of sport self-concept and task values: congruent stable high, incongruent stable high, middle school decreasing, and decreasing. Trajectory membership predicted individual and team-based sports participation, but only team-based sport participation predicted faster declines in depressive symptoms. The use of a person-centered approach enabled us to identify heterogeneity in trajectories of sport motivation that can aid in the development of nuanced strategies to increase students’ motivation to participate in sports.
Evaluation of Patients with Sinonasal and Ventral Skull Base Malignancies

A wide variety of tumors present in the sinonasal and ventral skull base. Patients often have nonspecific symptoms initially and present with advanced tumors, affecting the orbit and other adjacent structures. Evaluation of these malignancies with modern imaging techniques can define tumor invasion, but biopsy is often required to establish a diagnosis because most have a nonspecific appearance. A thorough understanding of the anatomy is the key to treatment planning, and a multidisciplinary approach determines the optimal strategy.
Reinventing the Pre-Tang Tradition: Compiling and Publishing Pre-Tang Poetry Anthologies in Sixteenth-Century China

This article examines how the making of pre-Tang poetry anthologies in sixteenth-century Ming China led to a reinvention of the pre-Tang poetic tradition. From the Zhengde period 正德 (1506–21) well into the Wanli reign 萬曆 (1573–1620), the compilation and publication of new pre-Tang poetry anthologies saw a dramatic increase, making the anthologizing practices in the 1500s crucial to understanding the pre-Tang tradition. Through a study of paratextual elements (book titles, tables of contents, prefaces, postscripts, etc.) in twenty-two pre-Tang poetry anthologies compiled in the 1500s, this article identifies three types of anthologizing practices. By employing quantitative and network analysis, the author hopes to historicize these practices, investigate the motivations for the anthologies, and explore their citation networks. These anthologizing practices, I conclude, gradually transformed the classification principles of previous anthologies, expanded the scope of canonized anthologies, and established a distinct pre-Tang tradition by the end of the sixteenth century.