cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Snibbieâ®: Spit Happens (B)

Who hasnâ¬"t had a great idea and believed they could make millions if they moved on it? Greg Heard actually took his idea and developed a bib for adult childcare workersâ¬ calling it the â¬SSnibbie Bib.â¬? His strategy was to follow the Diaper Genie model: develop the product, open enough doors in the baby-product market to grow the business, and sell it to a player like Gerber or Procter & Gamble. The A case (UVA-M-0700) describes Heardâ¬"s learning experiences and progress. He gets help from a mentor who steers him through the retailer-distribution process. The news that his biggest buyer has just filed for bankruptcy is unsettling and raises many questions, such as what should he do about an offer from a large, national company to â¬Sprivate labelâ¬? his products? The B case describes the direction he takes regarding private labeling, working with the bankrupt company, and further developing his brand.
Effects of external environment on thermocapillary convection of high prandtl number fluid

Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the influence of external environment on thermocapillary convection in high Prandtl number ( Pr =68) liquid. The geometric model of physical problem is that the the liquid bridge surrounded by ambient air under zero or ground gravity. The interface velocity, temperature, heat flux and flow pattern in the liquid bridge are presented and discussed under different conditions by changing the external environment. The buoyancy convection produces a symmetrical vortex in the liquid bridge. The ambient air affects the distributions of the temperature velocity and heat flux on the interface by changing the thermocapillary convection.
Oxidation of aluminum particles in mixed CO2/H2O atmospheres

Oxidation of spherical aluminum powder was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis in oxygen, CO2, steam, and mixtures of these oxidizers. Heating rates ranged between 2 and 20 K/min, and the ma...
Factors Controlling the Survival of Viruses in Groundwater

The purpose of this work was to define factors which control virus survival in groundwater. Groundwater samples collected from throughout the United States were inoculated with the coliphage MS-2 and the rate of virus inactivation determined. All samples were incubated at the temperature of the native groundwater. All samples were analyzed for pH, nitrates, ammonia, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and calcium, magnesium and total hardness. Multiple regression analysis of the chemical variates indicated that temperature and calcium hardness were significantly correlated with the rate of virus die-off. Temperature alone account for 60% of the variation in decay rate. Using all variates, 94% of the variation could be predicted.
The role of IP3 receptor channel clustering in Ca2+ wave propagation during oocyte maturation.

Abstract During oocyte maturation, the calcium-signaling machinery undergoes a dramatic remodeling resulting in distinctly different calcium-release patterns on all organizational scales from puffs to waves. The dynamics of the Ca 2 + release wave in mature as compared to immature oocytes are defined by a slower propagation speed and longer duration of the high Ca 2 + plateau. In this chapter, we use computational modeling to identify the changes in the signaling machinery, which contribute most significantly to the alterations observed in Ca 2 + wave propagation during Xenopus oocyte maturation. In addition to loss of store-operated calcium entry and internalization of plasma membrane pumps, we propose that spatial reorganization of the IP 3 receptors in the plane of the ER membrane is a key factor for the observed signaling changes in Ca 2 + wave propagation.
Cerebellar and Brainstem Malformations

The frequency and importance of the evaluation of the posterior fossa have increased significantly over the past 20 years owing to advances in neuroimaging. Conventional and advanced neuroimaging techniques allow detailed evaluation of the complex anatomic structures within the posterior fossa. A wide spectrum of cerebellar and brainstem malformations has been shown. Familiarity with the spectrum of cerebellar and brainstem malformations and their well-defined diagnostic criteria is crucial for optimal therapy, an accurate prognosis, and correct genetic counseling. This article discusses cerebellar and brainstem malformations, with emphasis on neuroimaging findings (including diagnostic criteria), neurologic presentation, systemic involvement, prognosis, and recurrence.
Preeclampsia and Neonatal Neutropenia

Neutropenia is a common hematologic disorder in the newborn intensive care unit, particularly in preterm neonates. Although its cause varies, a significant proportion of the episodes are associated with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. In this review, we provide a brief overview of preeclampsia and neonatal neutropenia, with a focus on the neonatal neutropenia associated with maternal preeclampsia. We discuss potential contributory mechanisms to and the natural history of this type of neutropenia, as well as reasonable management strategies in affected neonates.
Sacred Fire: The Language of Poetry

From his earliest notebooks, Coleridge’s observations on language are associated with the art of poetry. As an aspirant poet, he had a special interest in current means of literary expression. The verse of Thomas Gray and William Collins represented the significant legacy of English poetry to his generation, as he would consider it. His long struggle with their idiom touches on problems of language as a medium of expression. The contexts are impacted, but the earlier notes were to prove important for modern thinking about the condition of poetry.1
Preferences and concerns for care needs in advanced Parkinson's disease: a qualitative study of couples.

Aims and objectives To explore how couples with Parkinson's disease discuss their needs, concerns and preferences at the advanced stages of illness. Background The majority of care for people with Parkinson's disease is provided at home by family members. Parkinson's disease is characterised by a slow progressive decline with care needs often exceeding a decade. Design A descriptive qualitative study with 14 couples. Methods Data were collected on two occasions over a one-month period using semi-structured interviews, with both individual and couple interviews. Data were analysed thematically by the research team. Results All participants discussed the strong desire to remain in their homes for as long as possible. For the people with Parkinson's disease, placement to long-term facilities was not an option to be considered. For spouses, there was an acknowledgement there may come a time when they could no longer continue to provide care. Concerns regarding falls, choking, voice production, financial strain and need for prognostic information from providers were influences on what they believed the future would hold and the decisions they would need to make. Conclusions The need for improved communication between providers and Parkinson's disease couples is evident. Interventions to support the couple in their discussions and decision-making regarding remaining in the home or not, and options to support advanced care needs are required. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses can help support decision-making by providing tangible information regarding the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease including adequate prognostic information.
Social Consequences of Seasonal Labour Migration: A Case Study from Rural Azerbaijan

Seasonal labour migration is a strategy that is often intended to reduce the economic uncertainty that unpredictable and unreliable employment opportunities engender. There are, however, serious consequences resulting from this arrangement. Families in which a member, such as the father, migrates are forced to redefine non-migrating members’ roles to cover the role the missing father would normally fill, and this can lead to conflict among immediate and extended family members. Drawing on 22 months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Azerbaijan, this chapter seeks to highlight some of the social consequences of seasonal labour migration. These consequences include, but are not limited to, struggles among women, and between women and men, over household roles, statuses, and power, specifically the right to make certain economic and other important family decisions, and decreased opportunities for young people to pursue higher education.
Above-Knee Amputation

Above-knee amputation is performed for patients with severe limb ischemia or infection non-amenable to reconstruction. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Addressing an Overlooked Science Outreach Audience: Development of a Science Mentorship Program Focusing on Critical Thinking Skills for Adults Working toward a High School Equivalency Degree

Adult learners seeking a high school equivalency degree are a highly motivated group of students that almost universally meet outreach audience goals of serving minority, low-income, and other disadvantaged populations. Despite the demonstrated need of this population, these students are not commonly served by university-sponsored science outreach programs. To address this omission, we developed a science outreach program called SciMentors that provides experiment-based lessons to existing science classes at adult learning centers, focusing equally on scientific concepts and critical thinking skills. SciMentors provides an opportunity for hands-on learning that would otherwise not be available to this population of students. The program is run by graduate students and postdoctoral associates in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Minnesota. Evaluation of the impact of the program on both the students and the volunteer teachers was performed by surveying participants. Via the surveys, students...
Academic Preparation towards Improved World Class Maritime Shipboard Performance

Continuous monitoring and evaluation are necessary in keeping graduates abreast of the trends and demands in maritime in order not to lag behind in a highly competitive environment like the shipping industry. The study evaluated the academic preparation and shipboard training performance of the PMMA cadets as basis for improvement of the program towards customer satisfaction. The descriptive design was utilized to gather and evaluate the perception of the respondents. The trainee-respondents rated the curriculum, faculty competency, and laboratory and equipment as very satisfactory. Evaluator-respondents rated the work competency, ethical standards, and knowledge and skills of the trainees as very satisfactory. Trainees positively regarded the preparation of reports. They also handled tasks and functions stipulated in their training record book though there are some areas where a significant majority did not experience. The latest trends and demands that should be addressed and incorporated in the maritime curriculum are the following: full compliance with security and safety; installation and use of up-to-date and modern navigational equipment; the presence of electronically controlled camless main engine; simpler but durable cargo handling equipment; and garbage management system. The weaknesses and gap revealed that the maritime curriculum and shipboard training need consideration and reflection to maintain the country’s status as the prime provider and producer of highly qualified marine officers.
Convergence rates for constrained regression splines

Abstract Convergence rates of regression spline estimators have been established for a general framework in statistical modeling. It is well known that q th-order regression splines have optimal rates under mild assumptions. Increasing the number of knots tends to improve the approximation error rate but worsen the estimation error rate, and the optimal rate is attained by setting the two rates to be the same. For splines that are constrained to be monotone or convex, it is straight-forward to show that the constrained estimator attains the optimal rate if the approximation in the spline space also satisfies the constraints. If the monotonicity or convexity of the true regression function holds strictly, then the spline approximation will satisfy the constraints for a fine enough knot mesh. However, if there are intervals over which the constraints do not hold strictly, there is no guarantee that the approximation satisfies the constraints even for large numbers of finely-spaced knots, and therefore convergence rates of constrained regression splines have not been fully established. In this paper, we show that when the true function satisfies the constraints, there is a sufficiently close function in the spline space that also satisfies the constraints, and hence the constrained spline estimator attains the optimal rate of convergence.
Thermodynamics of Multiphase Systems

This chapter presents the thermodynamics of multiphase systems, which begins with the fundamentals of equilibrium and stability. This is followed by a discussion of multicomponent multiphase systems and the metastable equilibrium that exists in the multiphase system. This chapter concludes with a discussion of thermodynamics at the interface, surface tension, disjoining pressure and superheat.
Nature of Drug Action

By definition there is no such thing as drug action without life or without an effect on a living cell; fundamental life processes are involved in all aspects of drug action. The basis of drug action is the effect it has (1) directly on a living cell, (2) on the cell’s life activities or (3) on the products of cellular activity. (By cell and cellular activities we generally mean groups of cells, usually large enough to comprise organs, rather than a single cell.) In the first instance a drug may inhibit the essential life processes of the cells of the kidneys and as a result damage or destroy the kidney. In the second instance the drug may act on the cells of the kidney to increase (or decrease) the rate with which it forms urine. In the third case a drug which is excreted unchanged by the kidney into the urine, neutralizes the acid produced by the kidney and changes the reaction of the urine from acid to alkaline.
Improving documentation of pain and constipation management within the cancer center of a large public healthcare network.

6596Background: Cancer patients commonly suffer from pain and constipation, and a high number of patients have inadequate control of these symptoms. At the Cancer Center for Excellence at Grady Hea...
Bi-level variable selection for case-cohort studies with group variables:

The case-cohort design is an economical approach to estimate the effect of risk factors on the survival outcome when collecting exposure information or covariates on all patients is expensive in a large cohort study. Variables often have group structure such as categorical variables and highly correlated continuous variables. The existing literature for case-cohort data is limited to identifying non-zero variables at individual level only. In this article, we propose a bi-level variable selection method to select non-zero group and within-group variables for case-cohort data when variables have group structure. The proposed method allows the number of variables to diverge as the sample size increases. The asymptotic properties of the estimator including bi-level variable selection consistency and the asymptotic normality are shown. We also conduct simulations to compare our proposed method with some existing method and apply them to the Busselton Health data.
Correction to: Patient and Surgeon Expectations Prior to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

The degree of author Hassan Ghomrawi was listed incorrectly in the original article. It is correct here.
The Association Between Multiple Abortions Within 1 Year and Previous Postabortal Desired Contraception at an Urban, Public Hospital

Abstract Objectives: To determine the proportion of women undergoing multiple abortions within 1 year at an urban, public hospital and the association with desired contraception after the index abo...
An Approach to Unified Full-Order Modeling of Dual Active Bridge Type Converters

Modeling of dual active bridge (DAB)type converters, and that of its single-phase form, is an active area of research. In this paper, a new modeling approach is proposed. It is theorised that single-phase DAB converter operating in any of its multiple modes and modulation may be modeled as four dual active half-bridge (DAHB)circuits operating in simple phase-shift modulation. It allows extension of the model developed for simple phase-shift modulated DAHB converter to any operating mode of the DAB converter. In this respect, the physical basis of the theory is first explained. Subsequently, the improved first harmonic approximation (I-FHA)model of the DAHB converter, developed a priori, is extended to the general operating case of the DAB converter. Finally, the model is validated through extensive simulation and hardware experiments proving the theoretical basis of the proposed approach.
Cerebellar rTMS for motor control in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Abstract Background Stimulatory cerebellar TMS is a promising tool to improve motor control in neurodegenerative disorders. Objective/hypothesis: Our goal was to use 10Hz cerebellar rTMS to augment cerebellar-brain inhibition (CBI) for improved postural stability and speech in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Methods We performed CBI assessments with neuronavigation before and after high frequency cerebellar rTMS or sham TMS in two patients with PSP, using a double cone coil for the conditioning pulse and a figure-of-eight coil for the test pulse and treatments. We collected posturography data and speech samples before and after treatment. Results After treatment, CBI increased by 50% in subject 1 and by 32% in subject 2, and postural stability and speech improved. The protocol was well tolerated, but the sham was not consistently believable. Conclusion Cerebellar rTMS may improve postural stability and speech in PSP, but cooled coils with vibrotactile sham capability are needed for larger future studies.
Developing and Optimizing Shrub Parameters Representing Sagebrush ( Artemisia spp.) Ecosystems in the Northern Great Basin Using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) Model

Abstract. Ecosystem dynamic models are useful for understanding ecosystem characteristics over time and space because of their efficiency over direct field measurements and applicability to broad spatial extents. Their application, however, is challenging due to internal model uncertainties and complexities arising from distinct qualities of the ecosystems being analyzed. The sagebrush-steppe ecosystem in western North America, for example, has substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as variability due to anthropogenic disturbance, invasive species, climate change, and altered fire regimes, which collectively make modeling dynamic ecosystem processes difficult. Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) is a robust ecosystem dynamic model, initially developed for tropical forests, that simulates energy, water, and carbon fluxes at fine scales. Although EDv2.2 has since been tested on different ecosystems via development of different plant functional types (PFT), it still lacks a shrub PFT. In this study, we developed and parameterized a shrub PFT representative of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in order to initialize and test it within EDv2.2, and to promote future broad-scale analysis of restoration activities, climate change, and fire regimes in the sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Specifically, we parameterized the sagebrush PFT within EDv2.2 to estimate gross primary production (GPP) using data from two sagebrush study sites in the northern Great Basin. To accomplish this, we employed a three-tier approach. (1) To initially parameterize the sagebrush PFT, we fitted allometric relationships for sagebrush using field-collected data, information from existing sagebrush literature, and parameters from other land models. (2) To determine influential parameters in GPP prediction, we used a sensitivity analysis to identify the five most sensitive parameters. (3) To improve model performance and validate results, we optimized these five parameters using an exhaustive search method to estimate GPP, and compared results with observations from two eddy covariance (EC) sites in the study area. Our modeled results were encouraging, with reasonable fidelity to observed values, although some negative biases (i.e., seasonal underestimates of GPP) were apparent. Our finding on preliminary parameterization of the sagebrush shrub PFT is an important step towards subsequent studies on shrubland ecosystems using EDv2.2 or any other process-based ecosystem model.
Micturition video thermography in awake, behaving mice.

Abstract Background Our understanding of the neural circuits controlling micturition and continence is constrained by a paucity of techniques for measuring voiding in awake, behaving mice. New method To facilitate progress in this area, we developed a new, non-invasive assay, micturition video thermography (MVT), using a down-facing thermal camera above mice on a filter paper floor. Results Most C57B6/J mice void infrequently, with a stereotyped behavioral sequence, and usually in a corner. The timing of each void is indicated by the warm thermal contrast of freshly voided urine. Over the following 10–15 min, urine cools to ∼3 °C below the ambient temperature and spreads radially in the filter paper. By measuring the area of cool contrast comprising this “thermal void spot,” we can derive the initially voided volume. Thermal videos also reveal mouse behaviors including a home-corner preference apart from void spots, and a stereotyped, seconds-long pause while voiding. Comparison with existing methods and Conclusions MVT is a robust, non-invasive method for measuring the timing, volume, and location of voiding. It improves on an existing technique, the void spot assay, by adding timing information, and unlike the cystometrogram preparation, MVT does not require surgical catheterization. Combining MVT with current neuroscience techniques will improve our understanding of the neural circuits that control continence, which is important for addressing the growing number of patients with urinary incontinence as the population ages.
Zero Staff Assaults in the Psychiatric Emergency Room: Impact of a Multifaceted Performance Improvement Project:

INTRODUCTION: Our psychiatric emergency room (ER) averages 18 patient-to-staff physical assaults annually, with some incidents resulting in multiple injuries. AIMS: The purpose of this performance improvement project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a multifaceted approach to reducing the number of physical assaults on staff. METHODS: We assessed the impact of these bundled interventions on staff assault rate: (1) increasing behavioral response team drills, (2) implementing shift doses, (3) screening for patients' risk for violence, (4) posting signage to communicate patients' violence propensity (Golden Hand), (5) implementing mitigating countermeasure interventions, (6) conducting postassault debriefing, and (7) providing postassault support. Psychiatric ER nurses completed questionnaires measuring their perceived self-efficacy in managing patients with a propensity for violence before, during, and after the bundled interventions. Physical assaults on staff were recorded and tracked monthly from May 2016 to September 2018 through a retrospective review of the hospital's online incident report system. RESULTS: Staff perceived self-efficacy increased from 78% to 95% after attending at least two behavioral response team drills. The Golden Hand signage was rated useful as it flagged and communicated the presence of high-risk patients. Shift dose was evaluated as an informative tool and manageable at ≤5 minutes. The violence-screening tool was considered more accurate in identifying patients with violent tendencies than standard assaultive precautions. Physical assaults on staff by patients decreased to zero in our psychiatric ER, which was sustained for a year. CONCLUSIONS: This innovative, multifaceted, bundled approach provides an opportunity for nurse leaders to promote workplace safety while improving staff engagement and empowerment.
Minimum Entropy Autofocus Correction of Range-Varying Phase Errors in ISAR Imagery

In this article, we present an ISAR autofocus algorithm that compensates for range-varying phase errors which can degrade ISAR imagery formed with an unknown rotation rate. Our algorithm is non-parametric and is capable of dealing with a non-constant rotation rate. The algorithm described is based on optimizing image focus by minimizing the image entropy.
A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for older adults living with HIV.

The rapidly growing segment of older adults living with HIV faces unique set of psychosocial challenges that may differ from their younger counterparts. The objective of this review is to systemati...
Changes in NADH,H+:NAD+ of Pseudomonas taetrolens may be used to assess the effectiveness of PCB dredging in the Hudson River

The purpose of this study was to determine if a microbial biomarker for successful remediation of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in the Hudson River could be identified by evaluating the cytoplasmic redox states of microorganisms isolated from the river. Studies have indicated that PCB exposure leads to oxidative stress in bacteria. Water samples were collected from the original dumping sites of PCBs and the following locations (Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dredged locations are highlighted with year of dredging): Hudson Falls, Fort Edward Dam (2011), Thompson Island Dam (2014), Northumberland Dam (2012), Thomson (2013), Schuylerville Island, Saratoga National Park (2013), Lock 3 in Mechanicville (2015), and Federal Dam in Troy. Samples from Beacon, NY, and the East River at Brooklyn Bridge Park (130 miles downriver from the PCB contaminated sites) were collected as controls. Our evaluation of bacterial diversity at the sites led to the isolation of 33 bacteria, 28 of which were positively identified using a bacterial identification system. An analysis of the NAD+ and NADH,H+ concentrations and NADH,H+:NAD+ ratios across the isolated bacteria as a way to quantify cytoplasmic redox stress demonstrated that there was no significant difference in NAD+ and NADH,H+ concentrations or NADH,H+:NAD+ ratios between the organisms regardless of site dredging status. However, upon comparing NADH,H+:NAD+ ratios between matched bacterial isolates from undredged and dredged sites, we determined that the decrease in ratio by the PCB degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas taetrolens, approached significance (p = 0.065) suggesting that its presence at dredged sites may be used as an indicator of successful remediation.
Cost-effectiveness of Inpatient Tympanostomy Prophylaxis.

Objective Tympanostomy is the most common pediatric ambulatory surgery. Post-tympanostomy otorrhea is a prevalent complication leading to high costs to patients for treatment. The cost-effectiveness of intraoperative prophylaxis for both patient and institution has not been examined. Study design An analytical observational study of data collected from the literature and purchasing records. Methods A break-even analysis was performed to determine the required absolute risk reduction (ARR) and final infection rate in post-tympanostomy otorrhea to make intraoperative prophylaxis using ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin dexamethasone otic version cost effective with the following outpatient treatments: ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ophthalmic version, and ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic version. Absolute risk reduction is a statistic used to express the difference in risk between a treatment and control. The conservative initial infection rate used was 10%. Results Ofloxacin intraoperative prophylaxis was not cost effective when prescribing ofloxacin outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.20. Ofloxacin intraoperative prophylaxis was cost-effective with an ARR of 0.08 for ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ophthalmic version outpatient treatment. Ofloxacin intraoperative prophylaxis was cost-effective for ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic version outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.01.Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone intraoperative prophylaxis was not cost-effective when prescribing ofloxacin outpatient treatment with an ARR of 1.52. Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone intraoperative prophylaxis was not cost-effective when prescribing ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ophthalmic version outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.60. Ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone intraoperative prophylaxis was cost effective when prescribing ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone otic version outpatient treatment with an ARR of 0.09. Conclusion Intraoperative prophylaxis can be cost effective for preventing post-tympanostomy otorrhea. Physicians can use this economic model to determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions for their patients and institutions.
Experimental diffusivity of energetic compounds determined by peak parking.

Abstract Diffusivities of several explosive compounds, as well as other complex organic compounds were experimentally derived using a peak parking methodology. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with stop flow ‘parking’ was used to experimentally determine diffusivity based on band broadening associated with chemical diffusion within the HPLC column. This research builds on prior methods by determining an obstruction factor through comparing benzene diffusion in methanol in a C18 column to the previously published capillary column. The method is useful for structures not easily described by computational chemistry methods or for solvents that do not have association coefficients in published diffusivity models. Using the peak parking method, diffusivities (cm2/s) ranged from 6.29 × 10-7 to 1.06 × 10-6 for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 4.82 × 10-5 to 1.26 × 10-4 for 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 1.63 × 10-5 to 7.20 × 10-6 for nitroguanidine (NQ), 7.07 × 10-6 to 2.09 × 10-5 for pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid, and 1.02 × 10-6 to 2.27 × 10-6 for streptomycin. Compared to diffusivities estimated computationally, the empirical diffusivities reported herein estimated by two different methods have percent differences averaging 142%, 174%, 27%, 85%, and 33% for RDX, NTO, NQ, pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid, and streptomycin, respectively. NTO had experimental diffusivities greater than the computational values, while RDX and streptomycin had experimental diffusivities lower than computational values.
Expanding the continuum of substance use disorder treatment: Nonabstinence approaches

Abstract Only a small minority of people with substance use disorders (SUDs) receive treatment. A focus on abstinence is pervasive in SUD treatment, defining success in both research and practice, and punitive measures are often imposed on those who do not abstain. Most adults with SUD do not seek treatment because they do not wish to stop using substances, though many also recognize a need for help. This narrative review considers the need for increased research attention on nonabstinence psychosocial treatment of SUD – especially drug use disorders – as a potential way to engage and retain more people in treatment, to engage people in treatment earlier, and to improve treatment effectiveness. We describe the development of nonabstinence approaches within the historical context of SUD treatment in the United States, review theoretical and empirical rationales for nonabstinence SUD treatment, and review existing models of nonabstinence psychosocial treatment for SUD among adults to identify gaps in the literature and directions for future research. Despite significant empirical support for nonabstinence alcohol interventions, there is a clear gap in research examining nonabstinence psychosocial treatment for drug use disorders. Future research must test the effectiveness of nonabstinence treatments for drug use and address barriers to implementation.
Welche Voraussetzungen muß der Lernende erfüllen

Bei der Erarbeitung dieses Programms dachte die Autorin an folgenden Leserkreis: Personen mit Grundkenntnissen der Anatomie und Physiologie des Kreislaufsystems und der Grundprinzipien der intravenosen Flussigkeitszufuhr Examinierte Krankenschwestern, die die zur Messung des ZVD notigen Instrumente und die Durchfuhrung der Messung beherrschen mussen, da sie auf Intensivoder Herzstationen arbeiten Krankenschwestern, die auf solche Pflegeeinheiten kommen Fortgeschrittene Schwesternschulerinnen, die dieses Wissen und Konnen als Teil ihrer klinischen Ausbildug erwerben mussen Schwesternschulerinnen, die Zweck und Funktionieren des Instrumentariums und die Aussage der Messungen verstehen mochten Jede Schwester oder Schwesternschulerin, die uber den ZVD nachlesen oder Grundkenntnisse uber die ZVD-Uberwachung erwerben mochte
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON BLACK FAMILY THEORY: A REVISED ABC-X MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING BLACK FAMILY STRESS AND BLACK FAMILY STRENGTHS

Based on a study of Black corporate managers and their families it was discovered that existing models of family stress were incomplete, or inadequate in their ability to help us understand the nature of stress for these families and how that stress is managed, and, the coping resources available to these families with which to do so. Existing models are limited for Black families in that they do not take into account the pervasiveness of racism in the life experience of these families, nor do they include the traditional/historical strengths for survival of black families that can function as crisis meeting resources. An alternative conceptualization of McCubbin and Patterson’s (1981,1982,1983) Double ABCX Model, a revision of Reuben Hill’s (1965) ABCX Model, incorporating racism, and, the five traditional Black family strengths identified by Robert Hill (1971) is suggested. It is argued that the inclusion of racism in understanding the nexus of Black family stress and the traditional Black family strengths that enable Black families to cope with the stresses associated with work would be most useful. Discussion of differences by race and sources of stress with emphasis on Black families, and examples of the persistence of racism for Black corporate families will be provided. Discussion of the uses and value of traditional Black family strengths, including examples, will be given. Black corporate families are defined as a subset of Black upper middle to upper class families whose life experiences are similar to those of other Black same class families.
Balancing value and risk in information sharing through obfuscation

Fast-paced data-to-decision systems are heavily dependent on the reliable sharing of sensor-derived information. At the same time a diverse collection of sensory information providers would want to exercise control over the information shared based on their perception of the risk of possible misuse due to sharing and also depending on the consumer requirements. To attain this utility vs. risk trade-off, information is subjected to varying but deliberate quality modifying transformations which we term as obfuscation. In this paper, treating privacy as the primary motivation for information control, we highlight initial considerations of using feature sharing as an obfuscation mechanism to control the inferences possible from shared sensory data. We provide results from an activity tracking scenario to illustrate the use of feature selection in identifying the various trade-off points.
Serological and Ecological Characteristics of a Nodule-Dominant Serotype from an Indigenous Soil Population of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.

Although at least 13 antigenically distinct serotypes of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii exist in an Abiqua silty clay loam soil, one serotype, AS6, occupies ≥50% of the root nodules formed on field-grown subclover and between 33 and 78% of the nodules formed on five annual clover species grown in the same soil under laboratory conditions. The dominance of subclover nodules by serotype AS6 was reproducible over a 4-year sampling period and throughout the entire 200- by 100-m pasture examined. Serotype AS6 was composed of three antigenically distinct subtypes (AS6-a, AS6-b, and AS6-c). Each subtype contributed about one-third of the AS6 isolates recovered from nodules of field-grown subclover plants and maintained similar population densities in nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soil. Rhizobia with the AS6 antigenic signature accounted for from 20 to 100% of the soil populations of R. leguminosarum in arable and pasture soils under legumes throughout the state of Oregon. Over a 12-month period, the population densities of the serotype AS6 complex and three minor nodule-occupying serotypes (AG4, AP17, and AS21) were measured in the rhizospheres of field-grown subclover and orchard grass and in nonrhizosphere Abiqua soil. Regardless of season or serotype, the orchard grass rhizosphere effect was minimal, with the ratio between rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere serotype population densities ranging between 2.5 (midsummer) and 10.5 (spring). In contrast, the magnitude of the subclover rhizosphere effect varied seasonally and among serotypes. Between October and December the ratios for all serotypes were similar (12.5 to 25.5). However, in the spring (April and May), the magnitude of the rhizosphere effect varied among the indigenous serotypes (ratios, 10.5 to 442) and for minor nodule-occupying serotypes AS21 (ratio, 442) and AP17 (ratio, 47) was as great as, or even greater than, the magnitude of the rhizosphere effect observed with the AS6 complex (ratio, 65.5).
Peripheral radiculoneuritis complicating pregnancy.

Abstract This case of peripheral radiculoneuritis complicating pregnancy was relieved by the termination of the pregnancy by cesarean section, with favorable results. The patient did not respond to intensive vitamin therapy, as suggested in previous papers, and had no history of the severe and/or protracted bouts of vomiting that had been reported in this type of case prior to this writing.
Talking About Meter in SGML

This paper describes an encoding for representing quantitative metrical analyses in TEI SGML or XML documents, using only characters from the standard keyboard set, and a system for converting this encoding to other forms for display.
An algorithm using the Schur complement in inverting large matrices

The Schur complement is used to invert a matrix that is otherwise too large to invert on a personal computer. The implementation of this program relies heavily on the usage of files. Although the file I/O (input/output) increases the time of inverting these matrices, this does not lessen the value of this method since it will invert matrices that are too large to reside in the memory. This method hinges on blocking the matrix M and using the Schur complement to invert the blocked matrix. >
On learning mixtures of heavy-tailed distributions

We consider the problem of learning mixtures of arbitrary symmetric distributions. We formulate sufficient separation conditions and present a learning algorithm with provable guarantees for mixtures of distributions that satisfy these separation conditions. Our bounds are independent of the variances of the distributions; to the best of our knowledge, there were no previous algorithms known with provable learning guarantees for distributions having infinite variance and/or expectation. For Gaussians and log-concave distributions, our results match the best known sufficient separation conditions by D. Achlioptas and F. McSherry (2005) and S. Vempala and G. Wang (2004). Our algorithm requires a sample of size O/spl tilde/(dk), where d is the number of dimensions and k is the number of distributions in the mixture. We also show that for isotropic power-laws, exponential, and Gaussian distributions, our separation condition is optimal up to a constant factor.
Characterization of Large, Autotrophic Beggiatoa spp. Abundant at Hydrothermal Vents of the Guaymas Basin.

Filamentous bacteria, identified as members of the genus Beggiatoa by gliding motility and internal globules of elemental sulfur, occur in massive aggregations at the deep-sea hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Cell aggregates covering the surface of sulfide-emanating sediments and rock chimneys were collected by DS R/V Alvin and subjected to shipboard and laboratory experiments. Each sample collected contained one to three discrete width classes of this organism usually accompanied by a small number of "flexibacteria" (width, 1.5 to 4 mum). The average widths of the Beggiatoa classes were 24 to 32, 40 to 42, and 116 to 122 mum. As indicated by electron microscopy and cell volume/protein ratios, the dominant bacteria are hollow cells, i.e., a thin layer of cytoplasm surrounding a large central liquid vacuole. Activities of Calvin-cycle enzymes indicated that at least two of the classes collected possess autotrophic potential. Judging from temperature dependence of enzyme activities and whole-cell CO(2) incorporation, the widest cells were mesophiles. The narrowest Beggiatoa sp. was either moderately thermophilic or mesophilic with unusually thermotolerant enzymes. This was consistent with its occurrence on the flanks of hot smoker chimneys with highly variable exit temperatures. In situ CO(2) fixation rates, sulfide stimulation of incorporation, and autoradiographic studies suggest that these Beggiatoa spp. contribute significantly as lithoautrophic primary producers to the Guaymas Basin vent ecosystems.
Immunization of Mice Against West Nile Virus with Recombinant Envelope Protein

West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in the United States in 1999 and can cause fatal encephalitis. Envelope (E) protein cDNA from a WN virus isolate recovered from Culex pipiens in Connecticut was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant E protein was purified and used as Ag in immunoblot assays and immunization experiments. Patients with WN virus infection had Abs that recognized the recombinant E protein. C3H/HeN mice immunized with E protein developed E protein Abs and were protected from infection with WN virus. Passive administration of E protein antisera was also sufficient to afford immunity. E protein is a candidate vaccine to prevent WN virus infection.
Paleointensity applications to timing and extent of eruptive activity, 9°-10°N East Pacific Rise

Placing accurate age constraints on near-axis lava flows has become increasingly important given the structural and volcanic complexity of the neovolcanic zone at fast spreading ridges. Geomagnetic paleointensity of submarine basaltic glass (SBG) holds promise for placing quantitative age constraints on near-axis flows. In one of the first extensive tests of paleointensity as a dating tool or temporal marker we present the results of over 550 successful SBG paleointensity estimates from 189 near-axis (<4 km) sites at the East Pacific Rise, 9°–10°N. Paleointensities range from 6 to 53 μT and spatially correspond to the pattern expected from known temporal variations in the geomagnetic field. Samples within and adjacent to the axial summit trough (AST) have values approximately equal to or slightly higher than the present-day. Samples out to 1–3 km from the AST have values higher than the present-day, and samples farther off axis have values lower than the present-day. The on-axis samples (<500 m from the AST) provide a test case for using models of paleofield variation for the past few hundred years as an absolute dating technique. Results from samples collected near a well-documented eruption in 1991–1992 suggest there may be a small negative bias in the paleointensity estimates, limiting resolution of the dating technique. Possible explanations for such a bias include local field anomalies produced by preexisting magnetic terrain; anomalously high magnetic unblocking temperatures, leading to a small cooling rate bias; and/or the possibility of a chemical remanence produced by in situ alteration of samples likely to have complicated thermal histories. Paleointensity remains useful in approximating age differences in young flows, and a clear along-axis paleointensity contrast near 9°50′N is suggestive of a ∼150–200 year age difference. Paleointensity values of off-axis samples are generally consistent with rough age interpretations based on side scan data. Furthermore, spatial patterns in the paleointensity suggest extensive off-axis flow emplacement may occur infrequently, with recurrence intervals of 10–20 kyr. Results of a stochastic model of lava emplacement show that this can be achieved with a single distribution of flows, with flow size linked to time between eruptions.
Automatic generation of custom document image decoders

A framework for document image recognition, called document image decoding (DID), that supports the automatic generation of custom document recognition systems from user-specified document models is discussed. A document recognition problem is viewed as consisting of a message source, an imager, a noisy channel, and an image decoder (recognizer). The inputs to a decoder generator are explicit models for the message source, imager and channel; the output is a specialized program that decodes an image in terms of these models. The models used in DID are based on a stochastic attribute grammar model of document production. Use of an automatically generated decoder to analyze telephone yellow pages is described. >
Convexity of the Strain-Energy Function in a Two-Scale Model of Ideal Fabrics

A two-scale model is used to generate the macro-scale constitutive response of a sheet of woven fabric from a micro-scale model of interacting yarns regarded as crossed elasticae in contact. The model furnishes a macro-scale strain-energy function for an orthotropic membrane idealized as being weak in shear compared to the extensional resistance of material curves representing the yarns. The operative Legendre–Hadamard inequality for the membrane is derived and shown to be satisfied by a suitably relaxed version of the computed strain-energy function.
Protomer stability and sclerotization in vitro.

Abstract The two predominant structural proteins from the integument of blowfly larvae have been isolated as well as the cuticular and visceral polyphenol oxidases. Incubation in the presence of dopamine failed to generate dimers, trimers or higher polymers or to alter the amino acid composition or the absorption spectra of the monomeric polypeptides. Crude extracts of several life stages did not stimulate multimer formation, and addition of various activators was also ineffective, discounting a spontaneous coupling of these proteins to the post-oxidative phase of sclerotization in dipterans.