cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erbium Doped Tellurite Glasses

The results to be presented focus on the optimization of tellurite glass compositions which are suitable both for doping with erbium oxide as well as subsequent for fiber drawing. The laser related properties, such as fluorescence spectrum, lifetime, and optical transition cross sections will be presented. Judd-Ofelt parameters for erbium in the glasses have been exploited to predict fluorescence lifetime, excited state absorption(ESA), ground state absorption(GSA) and ground state fluorescence(GSF). For comparison, the absorption cross section, emission cross section, excited state absorption(ESA)/ground state absorption(GSA)(0.8μm pumping) and fluorescence terminating in the ground state(GSF)/excited state absorption(ESA) ratios are calculated for both Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 and tellurite glasses.
Full-field bubbly flow velocity measurements by digital image pulsed laser velocimetry

Digital Pulsed Laser Velocimetry (DPLV) is a full-field, two dimensional, noninvasive, quantitative flow visualization technique. The technique described here includes the novel use of direct digitization of two-phase bubbly flow images using a high resolution imaging system. The image data is stored for further analysis by new image processing and analysis software developed for flow experiments. In the technique, ten consecutive frames of data separated by a time increment of 150 ms, are recorded. Each of these ten frames contains the images of bubbles at that one instant of time. A program smooths the instantaneous image and calculates bubble parameters. Another program matches the bubbles from each of the frames into tracks of bubbles through time. This program uses a statistical technique to determine the best possible path of the bubbles. The ability of pulsed laser velocimetry to capture simultaneous and quantitative rather than qualitative information along with these image processing techniques gives the experimentalist a powerful tool to perform flow visualization and analysis.
Evolutionary Design Theory Using Dynamic Variation and Thermodynamic Selection

A general evolutionary design theory is presented which incorporates variation processes and selection processes to design fluid/thermal/chemical devices. A biologically consistent view of evolution splits the process into variation and selection. The variation process is quantitatively modeled using dynamic equations that govern structural changes. Steady-state and stability of design variation is related to growth and decay factors and environmental control parameters. The selection process is quantitatively modeled using nonequilibrium thermodynamics to indicate performance. Both structure and environment contribute to entropy production. This requires computational modeling of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, chemical diffusion, and reactions. Special cases of engineering design evolution are shown theoretically and with a numerical example. The theory could rectify the impact of engineered structures on the natural environment and provide a basis for designing machines with coupled physics.
Abnormalities of the bony thorax causing tracheobronchial compression

A number of intrathoracic and extrathoracic causes of airway obstruction have been well documented in the literature. At times, tracheal compression may be caused by abnormalities of the bony thorax whose previously unrecognized significance can result in unexpected difficulties when extubation is attempted following a routine intubation. Alternatively, patients may develop progressive distress secondary to their skeletal abnormalities. We report on cases illustrating anomalies of the manubrium, sternum and spine which have caused significant, occasionally life-threatening, tracheal and bronchial narrowing including pectus excavatum and scoliosis. A protocol is presented detailing the appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment of these types of deformities.
Effects of magnesium pemoline on a delayed match-to-sample task in monkeys.

The effects of magnesium pemoline on retention were examined in monkeys (Cebus apella) previously trained in a delayed match-to-sample paradigm, in order to distinguish between drug effects on learning and retention. Three monkeys were dosed orally at 0.25, 1, 2, 4, and 16 mg/kg with magnesium pemoline and tested at three fixed delays (2 sec, 60 sec, and 180 or 300 sec). The results showed no effect on retention of the sample although the data suggested that magnesium pemoline interferes with previously stable retention of the sample at the short delay (2 sec).
Generic Chaplaincy: Providing Spiritual Care in a Post-Christian Age

(1998). Generic Chaplaincy: Providing Spiritual Care in a Post-Christian Age. Christian Bioethics: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 231-238.
Lifetime Psychiatric Comorbidity in Hospitalized Alcoholics: Subject and Familial Correlates

We classified 123 alcohol rehabilitation patients by their histories of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity, and examined the demographic, social, occupational, treatment, and familial variables characterizing the groups. Diagnostic assessments were made with the SADS-L/RDC. High lifetime prevalences of major depressive disorder and drug use disorder were found. Aspects of treatment history distinguished between patient groups with and without lifetime major depression, but not other personal or familial variables. Patients with lifetime drug use disorders were younger and experienced an earlier onset of alcohol problems and treatment. Those with numerous childhood antisocial symptoms were younger, more likely to be male and unmarried, and less educated, and they had presented earlier for treatment. Subjects with two or more adult antisocial symptoms which occurred when subjects were not drinking or using drugs had a significant increase in family history of antisocial personality disorder. However, adult an...
Achievement goals as predictors of achievement-relevant processes prior to task engagement.

This research comprised 3 studies (2 prospective and 1 short-term longitudinal) designed to investigate mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals as predictors of achievement-relevant processes prior to the undergraduate examination experience. Results from across the 3 studies were supportive of the authors' hypotheses and revealed a differential predictive pattern for each of the achievement goals. Mastery goals were linked to numerous positive processes (e.g., challenge appraisals, absorption during preparation), performance-approach goals were linked to a more limited set of positive processes (e.g., challenge appraisals, grade aspirations), and performance-avoidance goals were linked to numerous negative processes (e.g., threat appraisals, anticipatory test anxiety). Implications for the trichotomous achievement goal model and educators are discussed.
A Descriptive Study on the Use of Materials in Vocabulary Lessons.

Vocabulary knowledge is important because it is highly correlated with content area learning. Strategies for vocabulary instruction recommend using new words in multiple contexts as key to learning. To date, the term multiple contexts emphasizes written contexts, not three-dimensional concrete material contexts. This article describes the results of 507 observations of vocabulary lessons in K–3 classrooms to determine how often concrete materials were used to augment learning. The results of this descriptive study showed that teachers' use of concrete materials was greatest for mathematics and science lessons and lowest for language arts lessons. The use of concrete materials also varied among the districts' accreditation levels. Districts with the lowest accreditation levels also had the lowest number of lessons that included concrete materials.
A Theory of Finitely Durable Goods Monopoly with Used-Goods Market and Transaction Costs

We construct a dynamic game to model a monopoly of finitely durable goods. The solution concept is Markov-perfect equilibria with general equilibria embedded in every time period. Our model is flexible enough to simultaneously explain or accommodate many commonly observed phenomena or stylized facts, such as concurrent leasing and selling, active secondary markets for used goods, heterogeneous consumers, endogenous consumption patterns, depreciation, an infinite time horizon, and nontrivial transaction costs. Within our model, consumers have incentives to segment themselves into various consumption classes according to their willingness to pay, and nontrivial transaction costs to sell used goods put strong constraints on consumers' consumption sequences in time. As a direct consequence of the finite durability, the market power of the monopolist remains intact. Leasing manifests itself as a facilitator of price discrimination by debundling the durable good into new and used portions that are naturally bundled together under outright sales. The concurrent leasing and selling reflects the degree of the comparative advantage the monopolist has over consumers in disposing used goods. This comparative advantage, which is partially exploited by the monopolist and partially shared by the consumers, provides a sufficient mechanism to gain Pareto improvement on the market.
Toward a stress process model of children's exposure to physical family and community violence.

Theoretically informed models are required to further the comprehensive understanding of children’s ETV. We draw on the stress process paradigm to forward an overall conceptual model of ETV (ETV) in childhood and adolescence. Around this conceptual model, we synthesize research in four dominant areas of the literature which are detailed but often disconnected including: (1) exposure to three forms of physical violence (e.g., child physical maltreatment, interparental violence, and community ETV); (2) the multilevel correlates and causes of ETV (e.g., neighborhood characteristics including concentrated disadvantage; family characteristics including socio-economic status and family stressors); (3) a range of consequences of ETV (e.g., internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, role transitions, and academic outcomes); and (4) multilevel and cross domain mediators and moderators of ETV influences (e.g., school and community factors, family social support, and individual coping resources). We highlight the range of interconnected processes through which violence exposures may influence children and suggest opportunities for prevention and intervention. We further identify needed future research on children’s ETV including coping resources as well as research on cumulative contributions of violence exposure, violence exposure modifications, curvilinearity, and timing of exposure.
A Tree-Ring-Based Reconstruction of Delaware River Basin Streamflow Using Hierarchical Bayesian Regression

A hierarchical Bayesian regression model is presented for reconstructing the average summer streamflow at five gauges in the Delaware River basin using eight regional tree-ring chronologies. The model provides estimates of the posterior probability distribution of each reconstructed streamflow series considering parameter uncertainty. The vectors ofregressioncoefficientsaremodeled asdraws froma commonmultivariate normal distribution with unknown parameters estimated as part of the analysis. This leads to a multilevel structure.Thecovariancestructureofthestreamflowresidualsacross sitesis explicitlymodeled. Theresulting partial pooling of information across multiple stations leads to a reduction in parameter uncertainty. The effect of no pooling and full pooling of station information, as end points of the method, is explored. The nopooling modelconsiders independent estimationof the regressioncoefficientsfor each streamflow gaugewith respect to each tree-ring chronology. The full-pooling model considers that the same regression coefficients apply across all streamflow sites for a particular tree-ring chronology. The cross-site correlation of residuals is modeled in all cases. Performance on metrics typically used by tree-ring reconstruction experts, such as reduction of error, coefficient of efficiency, and coverage rates under credible intervals is comparable to, or better, for the partial-pooling model relative to the no-pooling model, and streamflow estimation uncertainty is reduced. Long record simulations from reconstructions are used to develop estimates of the probability of duration and severity of droughts in the region. Analysis of monotonic trends in the reconstructed drought events do not reject the null hypothesis of no trend at the 90% significance over 1754‐2000.
Phenobarbital responsiveness as a uniquely sensitive indicator of hepatocyte differentiation status: requirement of dexamethasone and extracellular matrix in establishing the functional integrity of cultured primary rat hepatocytes.

We used a serum-free, highly defined primary hepatocyte culture model to investigate the mechanisms whereby dexamethasone (Dex) and extracellular matrix (ECM) coordinate cell differentiation and transcriptional responsiveness to the inducer, phenobarbital (PB). Low nanomolar levels of Dex and dilute concentrations of ECM overlay were essential in the maintenance of normal hepatocyte physiology, as assessed by cell morphology, LDH release, expression of the hepatic nuclear factors C/EBPa ,- h ,- g, HNF-1a ,- 1h ,- 4a, and RXRa, expression of prototypical hepatic marker genes, including albumin and transferrin, and ultimately, cellular capacity to respond to PB. The loss of hepatocyte integrity produced by deficiency of these components correlated with the activation of several stress signaling pathways including the MAPK, SAPK/JNK, and c-Jun signaling pathways, with resulting nuclear recruitment of the activated protein-1 (AP-1) complex. In Dex-deficient cultures, normal cellular function, including the PB induction response, was largely restored in a dose-dependent manner by reintroduction of nanomolar additions of the hormone, in the presence of ECM. Our results demonstrate critical and cooperative roles for Dex and ECM in establishing hepatocyte integrity and in the coordination of an array of liver-specific functions. These studies further establish the PB gene induction response as an exceptionally sensitive indicator of hepatocyte differentiation status.
PERUGIA AND THE PLOTS OF THE MONOBIBLOS

There is, alas, no secret code or mystical number lurking in the text of Propertius' first book of elegies which, if discovered, could reveal essential truths about the book. Or at least there is none that I can claim to have found. The search for some key to unlock secrets of meaning and authorial design is a well-known phenomenon of the interpretation of Roman poetry books, and Propertius' ‘single book’ has featured prominently in such investigations. The present paper does not put forth a new structural scheme for understanding the Monobiblos or another description of numerical patternings in it, nor does it insist that a true appreciation of the book's ‘architecture’ is essential for understanding its meaning. Instead, it has the goal of considering how the book format affects the experience of reading and the interpretation of this one important work of Roman poetry in light of its generic identity and the literary-historical context in which it was produced.In particular, I am interested in describing how the book format makes available to readers of the Monobiblos a sense that even in the absence of a single narrative spanning all of the poems of the book it is nevertheless possible to supplement them so that something like a plot or story emerges. I first consider how this sense of a possible plot or plots arises in the reading process, looking also at how some previous influential studies of the Monobiblos have relied upon various ways of construing a story or plot for the book.
Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines

Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines. Thomas M. McKenna. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 364 pp.
Design and static modeling of a semiconductor polymeric piezoelectric microactuator

The design of a semicircular polymeric piezoelectric actuator is presented, the models for its deflection and force are derived, and the results of the experiments used to verify the models are reported. The design is a polymeric piezoelectric bimorph formed in a semicircular shape instead of the standard straight cantilever beam bimorph design. The deflection model is adopted from the straight cantilever beam model and relates the free deflection as a function of the applied voltage field. The force model is developed using Castigliano's second theorem. Two experiments were conducted to verify the model: force-voltage and force-deflection. The models show that a bimorph formed in a semicircular shape produces significantly more force than a straight cantilever beam bimorph of the same length without a significant sacrifice in deflection. >
Impact of Cotyledon and Leaf Removal on Seedling Survival in Three Tree Species with Contrasting Cotyledon Functions1

The relative importance of cotyledons and leaves for seedling survival was evaluated using a factorial field experiment on three neotropical tree species with contrasting cotyledon functional morphologies (photosynthetic, epigeal reserve vs. hypogeal reserve). In all species, cotyledon and leaf removal shortly after leaf expansion had additive negative effects on seedling survival over 7 weeks. Carbon supplies from cotyledons and other carbohydrate reserves apparently enhanced ability of seedlings to cope with herbivory and disease.
Why Initialization Matters for IBM Model 1: Multiple Optima and Non-Strict Convexity

Contrary to popular belief, we show that the optimal parameters for IBM Model 1 are not unique. We demonstrate that, for a large class of words, IBM Model 1 is indifferent among a continuum of ways to allocate probability mass to their translations. We study the magnitude of the variance in optimal model parameters using a linear programming approach as well as multiple random trials, and demonstrate that it results in variance in test set log-likelihood and alignment error rate.
Query expansion using path-constrained random walks

This paper exploits Web search logs for query expansion (QE) by presenting a new QE method based on path-constrained random walks (PCRW), where the search logs are represented as a labeled, directed graph, and the probability of picking an expansion term for an input query is computed by a learned combination of constrained random walks on the graph. The method is shown to be generic in that it covers most of the popular QE models as special cases and flexible in that it provides a principled mathematical framework in which a wide variety of information useful for QE can be incorporated in a unified way. Evaluation is performed on the Web document ranking task using a real-world data set. Results show that the PCRW-based method is very effective for the expansion of rare queries, i.e., low-frequency queries that are unseen in search logs, and that it outperforms significantly other state-of-the-art QE meth-ods.
Severe disease on endoscopy and steroid use increase the risk for bowel perforation during colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Abstract Background and aim Colonoscopic perforation is a rare complication. We sought to determine its risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Materials and methods The study group consisted of 19 IBD patients who had perforation secondary to diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopy from January 2002 to October 2010. The control group consists of 76 IBD patients undergoing colonoscopy and no perforations that were matched based on indication in a 4:1 ratio to the study group. Demographic and clinical variables as well as perforation outcomes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results There were a total of 5295 colonoscopies done during the study period in IBD patients of which 19 patients had perforation. The prevalence of perforation in IBD patients was 0.3%. Of the 19 patients, 12 had Crohn's disease (CD) and 7 had ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients in the perforation group were more likely treated with steroids (68.4% vs. 21.1%, p Conclusions There appears to be a higher risk of colonoscopy-associated perforation in IBD patients with active disease and on steroids.
A latent inhibitor of fibrin polymerization with ancillary anticoagulant activity.

with an attachable linker sequence followed by residues that influence the effectiveness of thrombin cleavage. Unexpectedly, the most effective of
Estimates of variance for root proliferation in Alfalfa

Analysis of data from spaced plant nurseries on spread or “creep” of alfalfa parents and individual offspring indicated unexpectedly large estimates of genetic variance for clones and plants within families. These enhanced variances could not be explained by tetrasomy, linkage, or epistasis. The data could be largely explained by postulating a positive correlation between genetic effects and environmental effects. The rationale underlying the postulate was given. The chief consequence to the breeder was seen to be lowered heritability, and on that account, trivial gains from selection under the conditions of these trials.
Adaptive cell sectorization for CDMA systems

Given the user distribution in a cell, we investigate the two problems of how to appropriately sectorize the cell such that we minimize the total received power and the total transmit power of all the users, while giving each user acceptable quality of service in both cases. For the received power optimization problem, we show that the optimum arrangement equalizes the number of users in each sector. The transmit power optimization is formulated as a graph partitioning problem that is polynomially solvable. We provide an algorithm that finds the best sectorization assignment as well as the optimal transmit powers for all the users. The computational complexity of the algorithm is polynomial in the number of users and sectors. For both the received power optimization and the transmit power optimization, under nonuniform traffic conditions, we show that the optimum arrangement can be quite different from uniform cell sectorization (equal width sectors). We also formulate and solve the transmit power optimization and cell sectorization problem in a multicell scenario that would improve the capacity of a hot spot in the network. We observe that, with adaptive sectorization, where the sector boundaries are determined in response to users' locations, received and transmit power savings are achieved, and the number of users served by the system (system capacity) is increased compared to uniform sectorization of the cell.
Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas: Clinicopathologic features, outcome, and nomenclature. Members of the Pancreas Clinic, and Pancreatic Surgeons of Mayo Clinic

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreatic ducts is increasingly recognized. This study investigated if clinical, imaging, or, histological features predicated outcome, formulated a treatment algorithm, and clarified relationships among IPMT, mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (MCN), and chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: The medical records, radiographs, and pathological specimens of 15 patients with IPMT (dilated main pancreatic duct or branch ducts with mucin overproduction) who were evaluated between October 1983 and January 1994 were reviewed. RESULTS: One patient had hepatic metastases. Fourteen underwent an operation (6 distal pancreatectomy, 4 total pancreatectomy, and 4 pancreaticoduodenectomy); all had dysplastic intraductal epithelium and chronic pancreatitis, whereas 3 had invasive adenocarcinoma. After a median of 25 months, 10 patients were alive; 3 of 4 with malignant and 2 of 11 with benign IPMT died (P
Women in Policing: A Longitudinal Assessment of Female Officers in Supervisory Positions in the New York City Police Department

This study examined the growth in the number of female officers in supervisory and command positions (i.e., sergeant to bureau chief) in the New York City Police Department (NYPD) from 2000 to 2013. Time and annual percent changes in the number of male officers, the number of male officers in supervisory and command positions, and the number of female officers served as predictors. An ordinary least squares regression analysis failed to produce statistically significant results for the growth in the number of female officers in supervisory and command positions. The regression analysis also produced statistically nonsignificant results for changes in the level of disparity among male and female officers in supervisory and command positions. Over the past 13 years, female officers have made little progress in advancing to supervisory and command positions in the NYPD.
A Cosmopolitan View of Bottom-Up Transnational Lawmaking: The Case of Export Credit Insurance

This essay, based on a presentation at Law Beyond Borders: Jurisdiction in an Era of Globalization, a panel at the AALS 2005 Annual Meeting, examines bottom-up transnational lawmaking via the technical world of export credit insurance. Export credit insurance is much like automobile insurance, although the asset the insurer protects is not a car but rather a trade receivable. With the backing of an insurance provider, an exporter may extend credit without significantly adding to its risk portfolio and/or monetize the receivable by selling or borrowing against it. Consequently, export credit insurance is a popular financial intermediation instrument, supporting nearly $500 billion annually in international trade. As an export credit insurance transaction is inherently transnational, it raises a host of cross-border issues that defy effective national regulation. Accordingly, a transnational group of private and public (state-owned) export credit insurers-the Berne Union-has over time developed a regulatory framework that prescribes specific, technical and often cumbersome rules to standardize the policies that export credit insurers may offer; the Berne Union often supplements these rules with sector agreements that reflect industry-specific practices or problematic repayment experiences. The Berne Union's rules emerge in a manner that is quite distinct from the traditional, top-down account of international law focused on a state's treaty-based commitments. Instead, the Berne Union example offers a glimpse of bottom-up lawmaking at work. The bottom-up lawmaking process starts with a relatively small, homogeneous, yet transnational group of practitioners, often reminiscent of a private club, which either establishes or appropriates an institutional home. These practitioners, who day-in and day-out, must roll up their sleeves and grapple with the technicalities of their trade, create, interpret, and enforce rules, which, in turn, effectively govern such practices. Over time, the informal, practice-based rules embed themselves in a more formal legal system and become law, even under a strict formalist definition. Fundamentally, bottom-up lawmaking is a soft, non-choreographed process that produces hard, legal results. Yet, the Berne Union operates in many ways as an exclusive club. And, as occurs in many clubs, secrecy and exclusivity have become a type of normative glue that members perceive as necessarily binding the group. While these bottom-up lawmaking communities have been quite effective legal entrepreneurs, their modus operandi inevitably raises questions of democratic legitimacy and accountability.
Predicting substrate resonance mode frequency shifts using conductive, through-substrate vias

Through-substrate-vias (TSVs) provide conduction paths to allow for three-dimensional integration of microelectronic structures. It is also known that metallic TSVs can be used to suppress resonance modes within dielectric substrates by altering the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Numerical analyses of transmission through substrates containing metallic TSVs revealed that although resonance modes of the composite structure are shifted to higher frequencies, these frequencies are not solely dictated by the TSV periodicity. Simulations show that hybrid modes are formed through a convolution of the original substrate modes and a long-wavelength mode analogous to that found in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. An analytical formula is proposed that provides a simple relation between the intrinsic substrate mode frequencies and the long-wavelength mode that scales with the ratio of TSV radius to its periodicity.
ECMO Weaning and Decannulation

As pulmonary function recovers in ARDS patients on ECMO, pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange improve. Depending on the mode of extracorporeal support (venovenous versus venoarterial), oxygenator sweep gas flow or ECMO pump blood flow is slowly weaned. Once stability at low levels of support is established, patients are trialed-off from ECMO for 1–2 h to prove that cardiopulmonary function can be maintained at reasonable levels of support by conventional methods. ECMO support is then terminated and the cannulae are removed. Unfortunately, in some other patients, further therapy might be deemed to be futile, and therapy would have to be terminated. Goals for ECMO weaning and decannulation should ideally be set before extracorporeal support is initiated.
Improvements in the Technique of Deutectomy of Newly Hatched Chicks, and the Effects of the Operation on Their Subsequent Development,

Abstract INTRODUCTION IN THE course of a study of the utilization of vitamin A by newly hatched chicks, a means was sought to reduce complications from the variable and uncontrollable quantities of the vitamin carried over into the chicks’ bodies by the incorporation of the residual yolk. Parker (1929) used deutectomy to study the effects of handicaps on the development of chicks, but her experiments were not conducted with a view towards sparing the chicks from strain and deriving the maximum number of survivals for subsequent normal life without the yolk. She operated on anaesthetized chicks. Sloan (1936) modified Parker’s technique and adapted it for application to large numbers of chicks. He found that anaesthesia was unnecessary and even detrimental to the ease of the operation and survival of the chicks. Growth of chicks so treated was slower than normal during the first 3 or 4 weeks, but subsequently to 10 …
The Taxonomy of the Field Crickets of the Eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta)

Orthopteran taxonomists are plagued with a number of genera containing species groups that defy subdivision by the time-honored criterion of morphological distinction. Although relatively few species of singing Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae have been described in the last fifty years from the eastern United States, an estimated 10 percent of the species in these groups are largely unrecognized because preserved specimens are morphologically indistinguishable. Many of these have been mentioned in the literature, and some have been recognized at one time or another as distinct species, only to be cast into synonymy or compromised as trinomials by subsequent authors. Many of them have been variously referred to as “physiological races,” “ecological races,” “biological races,” “song forms,” or by other more or less meaningless terms.
Preliminary FAA-Hybrid III Spinal Injury Criteria for Oblique-Facing Aircraft Seats

Occupant injury potential to oblique loading at aircraft crash severities is unknown. The objective of the present study was to derive preliminary injury criteria for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) under oblique loading conditions. Twelve sled tests were conducted at four pulse severities and three configurations. An acceleration pulse representative of the one specified in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 25.562, emergency landing dynamic condition for horizontal impact was used as an input. Pulses were scaled in magnitude at 50, 61, 75 and 100% of the peak acceleration 13.7, 10.2, 8.6 and 6.8 m/s, respectively. The three conditions were: 45-degrees, no arm rest, pelvis restrained with two belts, legs restrained; 45-degrees, with arm rest, single lap belt, legs restrained; 30-degrees, no arm rest, two lap belts, legs unrestrained. The ATD was placed on a generic seat representative of aircraft seat geometry and the seat was oriented obliquely. ATD accelerations, thoracic and lumbar spine forces, and restraint forces were recorded. Peak tension forces in the thoracic and lumbar spine ranged from 10–12.7 kN at the highest pulse to 3.6–4.2 kN at the lowest pulse. Previously reported in-house post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) tests provided a matched-paired dataset for combining injuries with ATD metrics. From this limited sample set, 5.2 kN tension force in the spine is suggested for the FAA-Hybrid III ATD as a preliminary injury criteria in oblique loading in the aviation environment.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Biological Surveillance of AIDS and Syphilis for the IDU

Objective To study the HIV and Syphilis infection of the injecting drug user,and provide scientific evidences for the consequent prevention and control.Methods Serologic tests were done for both HIV and Syphilis(ELISA for HIV,RPR-tests for syphilis),and the data of the AIDS and syphilis epidemic situation were collected and analyzed statistically.Results The HIV infection occurs at the age of 20-40 mainly and centralizes at the age of 30-40(5.64%),and the average HIV infection rate of IDU was 3.30%,moreover,there is no statistical difference between females and males.The average syphilis infection rate was 6.44%,and the statistical difference related with the sex but the age.Conclusions It was necessary to perform biological surveillance in the high risk groups,so as to discover the infection source in time,take it under control,and reduce the transmission and epidemic of the diseases.
Rates and mechanisms of bacterial mutagenesis from maximum-depth sequencing

In 1943, Luria and Delbruck used a phage-resistance assay to establish spontaneous mutation as a driving force of microbial diversity. Mutation rates are still studied using such assays, but these can only be used to examine the small minority of mutations conferring survival in a particular condition. Newer approaches, such as long-term evolution followed by whole-genome sequencing, may be skewed by mutational ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ spots. Both approaches are affected by numerous caveats. Here we devise a method, maximum-depth sequencing (MDS), to detect extremely rare variants in a population of cells through error-corrected, high-throughput sequencing. We directly measure locus-specific mutation rates in Escherichia coli and show that they vary across the genome by at least an order of magnitude. Our data suggest that certain types of nucleotide misincorporation occur 10(4)-fold more frequently than the basal rate of mutations, but are repaired in vivo. Our data also suggest specific mechanisms of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis, including downregulation of mismatch repair via oxidative stress, transcription–replication conflicts, and, in the case of fluoroquinolones, direct damage to DNA.
Defining High-Quality Palliative Care in Oncology Practice: An American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Guidance Statement

Purpose:Integrated into routine oncology care, palliative care can improve symptom burden, quality of life, and patient and caregiver satisfaction. However, not all oncology practices have access to specialist palliative medicine. This project endeavored to define what constitutes high-quality primary palliative care as delivered by medical oncology practices.Methods:An expert steering committee outlined 966 palliative care service items, in nine domains, each describing a candidate element of primary palliative care delivery for patients with advanced cancer or high symptom burden. Using modified Delphi methodology, 31 multidisciplinary panelists rated each service item on three constructs: importance, feasibility, and scope within medical oncology practice.Results:Panelists endorsed the highest proportion of palliative care service items in the domains of End-of-Life Care (81%); Communication and Shared Decision Making (79%); and Advance Care Planning (78%). The lowest proportions were in Spiritual and ...
I‐Self and Me‐Self Processes Affecting Developmental Psychopathology and Mental Health

This chapter focuses on selected developmental psychopathologies during three stages of childhood and three stages of adolescence that involve the self. A new framework casts the Jamesian processes of the I-self and the me-self on center stage, as key actors in a conspiracy that is implicated in five forms of developmental psychopathology: (1) narcissism; (2) low self-esteem; (3) depression and suicidal behaviors; (4) eating disorders; and (5) school violent revenge committed by humiliated victims of chronic harassment and bullying. Each of these five forms will be traced through the six developmental levels. However, the positive features and functions of the Jamesian I-self will also be emphasized in the service of mental health, which should be our ultimate goal. Clinical and research implications will be explored. The I-self will be given a more gratifying job description other than defending and packaging a fragile me-self so as to be acceptable to society. Alliances between the I-self and the goals of the positive psychology movement will be highlighted. Keywords: I-self; me-self; self-esteem; self-enhancement; narcissism; depression; eating disorders; school violence
CT Abnormalities with HIV Encephalopathy

Qualitative analysis of 100 consecutive computed tomographic (CT) studies of the brain in children with symptomatic but untreated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is reported from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and the Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
The Use of Estrogen for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract It is known that estrogen can mitigate neurological injury. However, to optimize estrogen's benefits, it must be administered as soon as possible postinjury, preferably within the “golden hour.” We have found that the best means to deliver estrogen is in a water-soluble form, given intravenously or intraosseously. Using a lateral fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with rats, we demonstrate lessening of their injury when treated with soluble estradiol or ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals reduction of cerebral edema and anisotropy, while invasive measurements demonstrate reduced intracranial pressure, improved cerebral perfusion pressure, and partial brain oxygen pressure. Longer term benefits in cognition and memory have been shown with improved Morris Water Maze performance. Our promising results with TBI (and previously severe hemorrhage) encourage us to pursue application of ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate for human use.
Mud Redepositional Processes as a Major Influence on Mediterranean Margin-Basin Sedimentation

Fine-grained sediments, forming the bulk of unconsolidated Plio-Quaternary series on Mediterranean margins and basins, are largely of redepositional origin. Diverse mud lithofacies are recognized, including those (1) of largely gravity-driven origin (slump, debris flow, turbidite, faintly laminated, uniform mud), (2) of suspension origin (hemipelagite, sapropel) accounting for <30% of the thickness of mud-rich series, and (3) of combined sediment gravity flow and suspension origin (finely laminated mud). A turbid layer-bypass model accounts for mud-rich series that accumulate at a higher rate in more distal regions beyond the base-of-slope than coarser grained sediments in more proximal slope settings.
The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy and Gender

The nexus between Asian religious and philosophical traditions and gender has attracted increasing scholarly attention in recent years.1 So, too, has the study of women and gender in China.2 The ne...
Abstract TP289: Time to Neurologic Evaluation Predicts the 90-Day Outcome After Ischemic Stroke

Introduction and Hypothesis: Since the introduction of thrombolysis with recombinant rtPA for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke it has been well-established that there exists a relatively narrow window for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, a substantial number of investigations sought to identify factors that delay patient presentation. However, little is known regarding the impact of time to presentation (TTP) on final outcome particularly when considering patient presenting outside the established time window for acute stroke therapy. We sought to determine whether the TTP is independently associated with the 90-day outcome. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 270 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients prospectively evaluated between January 2013 and February 2014. Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination was used to determine whether greater TTP independently predicted a poor 90-day outcome as defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 3-6 after adjustment for known predictors of stroke outcome. Results: TTP (per hour; P=0.014; OR 1.013; 95%-CI 1.003-1.023), age (per year; P=0.005; OR 1.044; 95%-CI 1.013-1.076), NIHSS (per point; P Conclusion: Each hour delay of presentation to neurological evaluation decreased the chance for a good outcome by 1.3% independent of other established outcome predictors. Continued efforts to counsel the public to seek immediate medical attention as well as to expedite patient evaluation by neurologists after ischemic stroke, even when ineligible for acute intervention, are critical to reduce the risk for a poor outcome.
Eugenik und Transhumanismus

Der Philanthrop Charles M. Goethe war ein Naturliebhaber aus Sacramento, wo sich mein Forschungslabor befindet. Die Umweltschutzer von heute, insbesondere hier in Nordkalifornien, konnten von Goethes Vision zunachst einmal fasziniert sein. Er war ein Naturschutzer, der den Erdboden und Baume liebte und sich auch fur Padagogik interessierte. Er grundete sogar die Sacramento State University.
My Mother, Myself: Using a Research Biography

Learning that takes place is generally a reflection of people's lives as they experience themselves and others. Therefore, learning is more likely to occur when a student engages in an experience t...
Sequelae of rheumatic fever

Sequelae are essentially limited to the heart and depend on the presence and severity of carditis during the acute attack. The lasting structural and functional alterations of the heart caused by rheumatic fever and referred to collectively as “rheumatic heart disease” are described in detail in textbooks of cardiology. They will be dealt with here only briefly, and mostly in terms of their relation to the acute attacks.
Age to PCB concentration relationship with the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Hudson River and Long Island Sound

Abstract An increase in PCB concentration with length has been observed with the striped bass in the Hudson River and Long Island Sound, New York. Physico-chemical characteristics and water concentrations were estimated for PCB's in the River and Sound waters. Using first order bioconcentration kinetics this data allowed possible fish concentrations at different lengths/ages to be calculated. This derived data was in reasonable agreement with the observed data. This indicated that the observed relationship between length and concentration is substantially due to the slow rate of bioconcentration of the PCB's, particularly the higher chlorinated congeners.
Land Use and Landscape Change in the Rockies: Implications for Mountain Agriculture

Agriculture has historically been an important economic driver in many states in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. 1 Over half of all grassland pasture and range in the United States is located in the Mountain Region, and grassland pasture and range makes up over half of all land in the Mountain Region (Nickerson et al. 2011). While the mix of agricultural production varies throughout the region, cattle production is one of the top commodities in terms of value in many Rocky Mountain States. Globally, the outlook for livestock products is promising, with recent FAO projections indicating that beef prices are expected to increase 18 % by 2020, compared to current levels (OECD-FAO 2011). However, even with an expectation of increasing beef prices, the area available for livestock grazing in the United States has been declining over time. The percentage of total land area used for grazing decreased by 24 % from 1949 to 2007 (Nickerson et al. 2011). The Mountain Region has contributed to this decline, with a decrease of around 11 % over the period.
Advances in RF Dosimetry: Their Past and Projected Impact on the Safety Standards

The expanding usage of electromagnetic (EM) radiation has necessitated an understanding of its interaction with humans. Such knowledge is vital in evaluating and establishing radiation safety standards, determining definitive hazard levels, and understanding several of the biological effects that have been reported in the literature. Studies of the effects of EM radiation have used laboratory animals such as rats, rabbits, etc. for the study of biological and/or behavioral effects. For these experiments to have any projected meanings for humans, it is necessary to be able to quantify the whole-body power absorption and its distribution for the various irradiation conditions. It is further necessary that dosimetric information be known for humans subjected to irradiation at different frequencies and for realistic exposure conditions.
Factor Analysis of the Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition for Ages 2 Years through 23 Years.

The factor structure of the Standford-Binet Fourth Edition was investigated using the collaboration matrix from the standardization sample. The results revealed the large first factor that resemble...
Regulation of RNA synthesis in yeast. III. Synthesis during the cell cycle.

Centrifugal elutriation was used to separate cells in different stages of the cell cycle from a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in balanced exponential growth. The rate of DNA and RNA synthesis was determined using a pulse-long-term label technique that is capable of distinguishing between exponential, linear, and periodic variations in the rate of synthesis through the cell cycle. It was found that while the rate of DNA synthesis varies periodically through the cell cycle, the rate of synthesis of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA increases exponentially through the cell cycle. The implications of these findings for the control of RNA synthesis are discussed.