cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ideologies of the South in Transition

represents not only the efforts that individuals and groups make to remedy their own undesirable situations but includes the additional incentives and pressures that society may use to hasten these desirable changes. The processes of seeking more education and migrating to areas of greater economic opportunity represent individual adjustments that also operate in the interests of greater economic security of the total society. By aiding in such adjustments liberal governments can develop the control measures adequate to social planning in a democracy. Once assured that processes of continued adjustment are facilitated, government may then make the attempt to underwrite certain minimum guarantees against those dangers of unemployment and old age for which the individual in our society is unable to prove adequate adjustment. No social security program, however, can hope to succeed in a dynamic world if it cancels out the push toward adjustment. The assurance of continuing adjustment and readjustment among the various sections of a national economy is prerequisite to the success of any system of social security. No government, however rich, can afford to underwrite the social insurance for a system held rigid by economic barriers and monopolies.
Mentorship in Family Therapy Training Programs: Students’ and New Graduates’ Perspectives

ABSTRACTUsing an online survey, researchers examined strengths and challenges of professional mentoring as viewed by new family therapists. The sample was mostly Caucasian, female, and trained in master’s programs within the United States (U.S.). Mentorships were most often informally arranged, and mentors were most likely clinicians internal to the program. Students in doctoral programs were most likely to be mentored. Mentors and mentees were generally unmatched by gender, but were likely to be matched by ethnic identity and sexual orientation. Several suggestions are made for future research on the quality, types, and roles of mentorship within the profession of family therapy.
A Battery-Powered Light Trap Giving Two Years’ Continuous Operation

A battery-powered light trap giving 2 years’ continuous field operation was developed for portable use in almond orchards. Parts (battery, electrical components, and trap body) cost about $30.00 for the completed trap. Navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella (Walker), catches were almost as large with a battery-powered trap as with a conventional line-powered trap.
Sustained Releases of Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for House Fly (Musca domestica) Control in Two Types of Caged-Layer Poultry Houses

An indigenous strain of Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, a house fly pupal parasite, was mass-reared and released at 2 caged-layer poultry farms, one with narrow (California) houses and one with a high-rise house, from May through Nov. 1978. Weekly releases of 40,000 parasites in the narrow caged-layer houses resulted in a significant increase in the overall rate of parasitism of house fly pupae during the fly season in comparison to similar farms without releases; and a 2-fold increase in both the rate of parasitism and the proportion of M. raptor in the parasite population from that of the previous year; while parasitism rates and M. raptor populations remained essentially unchanged at farms receiving no parasite releases. In the high-rise house, weekly releases of 40,000 M. raptor resulted in a significant increase in the rate of parasitism of house fly pupae in the latter half of the fly season and a higher proportion of M. raptor in the parasite population in comparison to similar farms receiving no parasite releases. Concurrent with parasite releases, a reduction in the fly population occurred in the narrow caged-layer houses; however, no reduction was evident in the high-rise caged-layer house.
Implications of Team Communication Training for Distributed Team Performance in an Immersive Virtual Environment

Distributed immersive virtual environments (VEs) allow geographically separate individuals to train together in a common setting, yet research suggests the absence of face-to-face (FTF) contact may degrade distributed team performance by negatively affecting communication-dependent team functions. This study tested whether brief team communication training (TCT) could reduce this distributed team disadvantage by imparting skills to compensate for the lack of FTF contact. Two-person teams completed a series of VE missions under local (same physical location) or distributed (different locations) conditions with half of each team type receiving TCT. Results indicated all local teams outperformed distributed teams overall, but there were no observable benefits of TCT for team performance. Explanations focus on the brevity and administration approach of the TCT as well as how cognitive overload may have negated any beneficial aspects of TCT.
Historical Criticism and the Interpretation of Shakespeare

HERE is no doubt that Shakespeare scholarship has advanced far beyond the Romantic criticism which confused literature 54@ and life. Yet it is possible that future generations will in their turn smile at the naivete of some of our Shakespeare studies, particularly those concerned with the ethics of the plays. In recent decades the definition of Shakespeare's moral attitudes has been viewed as a problem in the history of ideas that can be solved by the accumulation of objective factual evidence. At best such an approach oversimplifies a complex aesthetic problem; at worst it ignores the essential realities of dramatic art. Professor E. E. Stoll suggested some years ago that we cannot intelligently discuss Shakespeare's characters unless we understand how the impression of character is created in poetic drama. I would suggest, in addition, that we cannot accurately interpret Shakespeare's moral intention unless we understand how moral judgments are translated into the artifice of poetic drama and apprehended by an audience. It has been too frequently assumed that the moral interpretation of Shakespeare is the province of the scholarly researcher, who relates the thought and action of a play to the commonplace political, moral, and religious beliefs of the Elizabethan age. But the same assumptions about a dramatist and his cultural milieu which lead scholars to interpret Shakespeare by means of La Primaudaye, Charron, and Coeffeteau should lead us to interpret A Streetcar Named Desire by reference to Norman Vincent Peale, a latter-day ethical psychologist no less influential than his Renaissance counterparts. To be sure, Dr. Peale sheds some light on the tragedy of Blanche Du Bois: she has no mustard seeds, no "Attitude of Gratitude"; she might possibly have been saved had she been more of a positive thinker. We would not be surprised, moreover, to find striking similarities between Mitch's views on marriage and motherhood and those of Dr. Peale. Still we must insist that Tennessee Williams' view of life is not Dr. Peale's. We must distinguish between popular and intellectual levels of thought when discussing the cultural milieu of any dramatist. And we must recognize the difference between a moral intuition expressed in art and the traditional platitudes of systematized ethics. That scholarly research enriches our understanding of Shakespeare is undeniable; that it affords a unique revelation of the meaning of the plays is debatable. The very nature of Elizabethan dramaturgy-the immediate plunge into dramatic action-demands that the moral apprehension of character be immediate. Motivation may be complex, subterranean, even inscrutable. The psychological depths of a character like Iago may be dark indeed; but we penetrate to
Systematic Functional Dissection of Common Genetic Variation Affecting Red Blood Cell Traits

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified thousands of associations between common genetic variants and human disease phenotypes, but the majority of these variants are non-coding, often requiring genetic fine-mapping, epigenomic profiling, and individual reporter assays to delineate potential causal variants. We employ a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to simultaneously screen 2,756 variants in strong linkage disequilibrium with 75 sentinel variants associated with red blood cell traits. We show that this assay identifies elements with endogenous erythroid regulatory activity. Across 23 sentinel variants, we conservatively identified 32 MPRA functional variants (MFVs). We used targeted genome editing to demonstrate endogenous enhancer activity across 3 MFVs that predominantly affect the transcription of SMIM1, RBM38, and CD164. Functional follow-up of RBM38 delineates a key role for this gene in the alternative splicing program occurring during terminal erythropoiesis. Finally, we provide evidence for how common GWAS-nominated variants can disrupt cell-type-specific transcriptional regulatory pathways.
Risk Management of Complex, Technology-Based Systems: Observations on Similarities and Differences

There are great variations among the specific aspects of safety assurance for nuclear power plants, aircraft and space vehicles, large public projects, and industrial processes. Yet, each case is characterized by complexity, high technology content, concomitant hazards and risks, and public concern. The question that this paper addresses is: In light of the above, are there some significant, generic similarities in safety assurance, such that one system could benefit from the experience of others? Through informal discussions and review of such systems with representatives of the vendors, users, and regulators, the authors have highlighted similarities and differences in the various approaches to safety assurance.
The Protective Effects of Systemic Virus Infection

Observations made some 40 to 50 years ago provided the background information on the cross protection phenomenon. Briefly stated, cross protection is the insusceptibility of a virus-infected plant to infection by other strains of the same virus. There are numerous exceptions to this statement; some of the terminology is confusing and some inappropriate. I shall review some of the experimental evidence on how cross protection is manifested and recount some of the terminology that has been used. Then I will discuss features of the cross protection reaction which suggest that an active defense mechanism is involved.
Neural Correlates of Wakefulness, Sleep, and General Anesthesia: An Experimental Study in Rat.

Background:Significant advances have been made in our understanding of subcortical processes related to anesthetic- and sleep-induced unconsciousness, but the associated changes in cortical connectivity and cortical neurochemistry have yet to be fully clarified.Methods:Male Sprague–Dawley rats were
Adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in adult medulloblastoma

Background Although chemotherapy is used routinely in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) patients, its benefit for adult MB is unclear. We evaluated the survival impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in adult MB. Methods Using the National Cancer Data Base, we identified patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with MB in 2004-2012 and underwent surgical resection and adjuvant craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Patients were divided into those who received adjuvant CSI and chemotherapy (CRT) or CSI alone (RT). Predictors of CRT compared with RT were evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Survival analysis was limited to patients receiving CSI doses between 23 and 36 Gy. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling, and propensity score matching. Results Of the 751 patients included, 520 (69.2%) received CRT, and 231 (30.8%) received RT. With median follow-up of 5.0 years, estimated 5-year OS was superior in patients receiving CRT versus RT (86.1% vs 71.6%, P < .0001). On multivariable analysis, after controlling for risk factors, CRT was associated with superior OS compared with RT (HR: 0.53; 95%CI: 0.32-0.88, P = .01). On planned subgroup analyses, the 5 year OS of patients receiving CRT versus RT was improved for M0 patients (P < .0001), for patients receiving 36 Gy CSI (P = .0007), and for M0 patients receiving 36 Gy CSI (P = .0008). Conclusions This national database analysis demonstrates that combined postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy are associated with superior survival for adult MB compared with radiotherapy alone, even for M0 patients who receive high-dose CSI.
Feasibility of using text message reminders to increase fulfilment of emergency contraception prescriptions by adolescents

Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe and effective form of pregnancy prevention after intercourse, but its efficacy decreases with time.1 ,2 Having EC in advance of need enables it to be taken soon after unprotected intercourse, thus maximising its effect. EC is available over-the-counter in the USA without age restrictions, but many clinicians provide EC in advance to their patients as a means of eliminating residual barriers to access.3–5 In a randomised pilot study among sexually active women in an urban adolescent clinic, we examined the feasibility of using text messages as a convenient mechanism to remind adolescents to fulfil their advance EC …
Large power users and capacity shortages in developing countries: the role of innovative pricing

This paper addresses innovative electricity pricing as a strategy for managing electric load, offering pricing as an alternative to building generating capacity to meet electric load commitments in the developing world. Drawing upon the Western experience with pricing as a demand–side management strategy, three questions are addressed: (i) Do innovative pricing strategies alter the amount and pattern of electricity consumption for high–voltage users? (ii) What are future directions in electricity pricing for industrial users? and (iii) Are these strategies relevant for power systems in the developing world? The most widely adopted innovative pricing strategies by Western utilities are variants of time–of–use (TOU) pricing, which have generally been effective in reducing load during peak periods. More recently, technological advances have allowed utilities to experiment with aligning electricity prices more closely with actual power delivery costs. While temporal aspects of these innovative pricing strategies have general applicability as a load management strategy, the power systems in many developing countries have more urgent pricing priorities than adopting the most recent strategies of Western utilities.
Multi-scale experiments on soft body armors under projectile normal impact

Abstract Soft body armors have been widely used by law-enforcement and military personnel. However, predictive capabilities on the critical conditions for the impact failure of these armors are still not well-developed. As part of a special issue, this article summarizes our recent experimental research efforts aiming at developing a better understanding of impact failure of soft body armors at several size scales, ranging from shoot packs, single-plies, yarns, and fibers. The experiments reveal that impact resistance of packets is dictated by axial properties and shear strength of the textile materials, as well as structural properties such as weave patterns. At the single-ply level, the critical impact velocity depends heavily on the nose shape of the projectiles, as well as the axial and transverse properties of the yarns. The failure of yarns and fibers depends on the stress state, as interpreted from the effects of nose shapes of the indenters and from the application of multi-axial stress states. The effects of aging on the impact resistance is also discussed.
Genetic evidence for tumor-hematopoietic cell hybrids in a human renal cell carcinoma metastasis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 1768 Previous studies using experimental animal tumor models have identified tumor-host hybrid cells through the use of heterologous genetic markers. Here we analyzed human tumor DNA for evidence of hybrid cells in a child who developed metastatic renal cell carcinoma subsequent to an allogeneic (sibling, child) bone marrow transplant. We searched for the donor’s A blood group allele within the O/O recipient’s tumor cells. Clusters of metastatic cells were laser microdissected from deparaffinized tissue sections. DNA was analyzed for restriction fragments specific for A and O alleles. Of the 21 tumor cell DNA samples tested, 16 yielded PCR products, and all 16 contained the donor A allele, while 14 of 16 also contained the O allele. The samples were isolated from diverse areas of the metastasis, and donor DNA was observed throughout. Since it was highly unlikely that renal cell carcinoma cells were transferred via the BMT, the most probable explanation is that the metastasis contained donor-recipient hybrids. Tumor cells also stained strongly for beta 1,6-branched oligosaccharides, a myeloid trait that is upregulated in experimental macrophage-tuymor fusion hybrids. The prevalence of hybrids throughout the metastasis would suggest hybridization as a potential source of metastatic cells in this patient.
Gender equality, value violations, and prejudice toward Muslims:

Why are people prejudiced toward Muslims? In this research, we used a value violation framework to predict that when people believe Muslims value gender equality less than reference groups, it crea...
Screening Drugs for Kidney Disease: Targeting the Podocyte.

Podocytes cover the kidney glomerular basement membrane and present the final barrier in the renal filtration system. Podocyte loss, observed in most kidney diseases, correlates with kidney function decline. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Seiber et al. (2018), using a high-throughput chemical screen, identified the compound CDG-0876, which improved podocyte survival.
Quantifying Socioeconomic Impact of a Tornado by Estimating Population Outmigration as a Resilience Metric at the Community Level.

AbstractPolicymakers, community leaders, engineers, and researchers have gained interest in understanding tornado-resilient buildings, in part because of the number of deadly and destructive tornad...
Estimating correlations among cardiovascular patients' psychiatric and physical symptom indicators: The biplot in correspondence analysis approach.

OBJECTIVES We employed the correspondence analysis (CA) biplot to estimate correlations between gender-age levels of cardiovascular disease patients and their psychiatric and physical symptoms. Utilization of this correlation estimation can inform clinical practice by elucidating associations between certain psychiatric or physical symptoms and specific gender-age levels. METHOD The CA biplot utilized here was designed to visually inspect row-column category associations in a 2-dimensional plane and then to numerically estimate the category associations with correlations. To do so, we (a) estimated dimensions from row and column categories with CA; (b) verified statistical significance of dimensions with a permutation test; (c) projected row and column categories in a plan constructed with the first 2 dimensions that were statistically significant; (d) visually inspected category associations in the plane; and (e) numerically estimated category associations with correlations. RESULTS Consistent with the previous results, female cardiovascular disease patients were more likely to experience psychiatric symptoms than the male patients. However, when examining the results by gender and age, both female and male patients in their 50s and 60s tended to experience elevated rates of the psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The CA biplot can be useful for isolating key clinical concerns among any medical populations.
forecasting yes, management maybe

Events are recalled in the life and influence of this great man, Robert E. Horton, who founded by example the field of hydrometeorology. Forecasting in hydrometeorology, or any area of science, is declared the highest form of pure science. It follows logically after observation and understanding. To proceed into management of the elements whose behavior we forecast will require association with many other elements of society who insist upon sharing the decision to manage. Growth areas for hydrometeorological attention are flood plain management, safety of old dams, and water quality management.
Building as an Instrument

of design project program building evaluation studies of building concept models parti final plans sections perspectives
Wronskians and Fundamental Solutions

This chapter discusses Wronskians and fundamental solutions. It considers L [·] a linear n -th order ordinary differential operator L [ y ] = d n y / dx n + a 1 ( x )( d (n−1) y / dx ( n −1) + …+ a n ( x ) y . The vector equation associated with the linear equation L [ y ] = 0 is given by y ′ = A ( x ) y . If { y 1 , y 2 ,…, y n } is any set of n solutions to the equation L [ y ] = 0, then the solution matrix Φ( x ), also called a fundamental solution, matrix satisfies the differential equation Φ′ = AΦ. The determinant of this matrix, det Φ( x ), is called the Wronskian of L [ y ] = 0 with respect to { y 1 , y 2 ,…, y n } and is denoted by W( y 1 , y 2 ,…, y n ). The chapter highlights that the Wronskian is a function of x . Given a set of n linearly independent continuous functions, { y 1 , y 2 ,…, y n } it is possible to find a unique homogeneous differential equation of order n (with the coefficient of y ( n ) being one) for which the set forms a fundamental set.
Binding of T3 in rat liver nuclei.

The binding of labeled triiodothyronine has been studied in rat liver nuclei prepared after in vivo administration of hormone. Nuclear pellets prepared from homogenates made in 0.32M sucrose + 1 mm magnesium chloride and centrifuged through 2.3M sucrose density gradients contain, 2 hr after labeling, approximately 9% of liver isotope in normal animals and 18%in surgically thyroidectomized animals. 60% of DNA is recovered in the nuclear pellet so prepared. The fraction of total liver isotope present in the purified nuclear pellets is 6%at 10 min, peaks between 2 and 3.5 hr, and declines gradually over the subsequent 24 hr as total blood, liver, and nuclear isotope rapidly decline. These data suggest relatively free exchange between nucleus and other components of the liver. The nuclear binding of receptor sites in normal and thyroidectomized animals can be saturated by addition of increasing doses of carrier unlabeled triiodothyronine. Scatchard analysis suggests the presence of high affinity binding sites...
Stability of Values for the Activities of Critical Enzymes Assayed in Serum Frozen for Prolonged Time Periods.

Objectives Our medical center laboratory receives frozen clinical chemistry samples from outlying hospitals for which assays for critical enzyme activities are requested. Our objective is to determine the effects of freezing (-20°C) on these enzyme activities in samples over a one month period. Methods Enzyme activities for ALP, AST, ALT, CK and LD for 30 patient's sera were stored at-20°C and were assayed on a Beckman-Coulter AU5800 analyzer at 0, 15 and 30 days after collection. Statistical tests were performed to determine if the values were statistically the same or different. Results F-tests for all five enzyme levels showed no statistically significant differences (p>>0.05); linear regression analysis showed high correlation of results (r>0.99 for all correlations) with some bias for ALT. Conclusions We conclude that the activities of these enzymes are stable, except possibly ALT, when stored frozen at -20°C over the 15- and 30-day storage periods.
Targeted radioimmunotherapy for embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes.

We explored the use of intraventricular 131I-Omburtamab targeting B7-H3 in patients with ETMR. Patients were enrolled in an IRB approved, phase 1, 3 + 3 dose escalation trial. Patients with CNS disease expressing the antibody target antigen B7-H3 were eligible. We report on a cohort of three patients with ETMR who were enrolled on the study. Three symptomatic children (ages 14 months, 3 and 3.5 years) had large parietal masses confirmed to be B7-H3-reactive ETMR. Patients received 2 mCi 131I-Omburtamab as a tracer followed by one or two therapeutic 131I-Omburtamab injections. Dosimetry was based on serial CSF, blood samplings and region of interest (ROI) on nuclear scans. Brain and spine MRIs and CSF cytology were done at baseline, 5 weeks after 131I-Omburtamab, and approximately every 3 months thereafter. Acute toxicities and survival were noted. Patients received surgery, focal radiation, and high dose chemotherapy. Patients 1 and 2 received 131I-Omburtamab (80 and 53 mCi, respectively). Patient 3 had a local recurrence prior to 131I-Omburtamab treated with surgery, external beam radiation, chemotherapy, then 131I-Omburtamab (36 mCi). 131I-Omburtamab was well-tolerated. Mean dose delivered by 131I-Omburtamab was 68.4 cGy/mCi to CSF and 1.95 cGy/mCi to blood. Mean ROI doses were 230.4 (ventricular) and 58.2 (spinal) cGy/mCi. Patients 1 and 2 remain in remission 6.8 years and 2.3 years after diagnosis, respectively; patient 3 died of progressive disease 7 months after therapy (2 years after diagnosis). 131I-Omburtamab appears safe with favorable dosimetry therapeutic index. When used as consolidation following surgery and chemoradiation therapy, 131I-Omburtamab may have therapeutic benefit for patients with ETMR.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair by Combining Different Endografts: the Zenith Body and Endurant Limbs.

Purpose There are several commercially approved stent grafts in Korea for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Each device has its advantages and disadvantages based on the patient's anatomy and the clinical situation. The Zenith device allows accurate and precise endograft placement, whereas the Endurant device has improved flexibility and trackability. We reviewed 5 cases in which a combination of the Zenith main body and the Endurant iliac limb was used. Materials and methods From January 2010 to February 2015, 90 patients with AAA underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using the Zenith body at Daegu Catholic University Hospital. Among them, 5 patients who underwent EVAR with the Zenith body and Endurant iliac limb were included in this study. Results The mean age of the patients was 74.20±3.35 years. All patients were men. The main reason for use of the Endurant iliac limb was aortoiliac angulation. Type III endoleak, stent migration, and stent kinking were not noted. Comparing 85 patients who received a Zenith endograft with 5 patients who received the hybrid endograft, there were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics, intraoperative details and post procedural complications. The mean admission duration was 19.00±13.60 days, and the mean follow-up duration was 1,018.11±925.34 days. In the hybrid endograft group, there was no mortality during the follow-up duration. Conclusion Although the material, radial force, diameter, and length of the overlap zone differ between the two devices, EVAR with the hybrid endograft is safe and effective.
Motion-based coherent optical imaging in heavily scattering random media

Coherent optical imaging inside scattering media at substantial depths is key for biomedical applications, as well as various environmental and materials sensing situations, and has remained elusive. We present a simple imaging method involving the correlation of speckle patterns as a function of object position that provides access to the object autocorrelation function and, hence, allows the formation of an image using phase retrieval. With multiple measured speckle patterns, our method uses the ensemble-averaged spatial correlations to enable the extraction of an image of the moving object. The approach is effective for thick and heavily scattering media. Subject to adequate detector signal level, the method is simplified by heavy scatter. Reconstructions of both patch and aperture objects placed between heavily scattering acrylic slabs and between thick chicken breast slices demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
A note on the use of workstation software programs for quantification

Most chromatographic and mass spectrometric instruments include workstations that allow data processing and target compound quantification. However, the software used for quantification does not al...
Sirtuin 5 Regulates Proximal Tubule Fatty Acid Oxidation to Protect against AKI.

Background The primary site of damage during AKI, proximal tubular epithelial cells, are highly metabolically active, relying on fatty acids to meet their energy demands. These cells are rich in mitochondria and peroxisomes, the two organelles that mediate fatty acid oxidation. Emerging evidence shows that both fatty acid pathways are regulated by reversible posttranslational modifications, particularly by lysine acylation. Sirtuin 5 (Sirt5), which localizes to both mitochondria and peroxisomes, reverses post-translational lysine acylation on several enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. However, the role of the Sirt5 in regulating kidney energy metabolism has yet to be determined. Methods We subjected male Sirt5-deficient mice (either +/- or -/-) and wild-type controls, as well as isolated proximal tubule cells, to two different AKI models (ischemia-induced or cisplatin-induced AKI). We assessed kidney function and injury with standard techniques and measured fatty acid oxidation by the catabolism of 14C-labeled palmitate to 14CO2. Results Sirt5 was highly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells. At baseline, Sirt5 knockout (Sirt5-/- ) mice had modestly decreased mitochondrial function but significantly increased fatty acid oxidation, which was localized to the peroxisome. Although no overt kidney phenotype was observed in Sirt5-/- mice, Sirt5-/- mice had significantly improved kidney function and less tissue damage compared with controls after either ischemia-induced or cisplatin-induced AKI. This coincided with higher peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation compared with mitochondria fatty acid oxidation in the Sirt5-/- proximal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that Sirt5 regulates the balance of mitochondrial versus peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in proximal tubular epithelial cells to protect against injury in AKI. This novel mechanism might be leveraged for developing AKI therapies.
Organelle contacts: Sub‐organelle zones to facilitate rapid and accurate inter‐organelle trafficking of lipids

When one person wants to communicate securely with another, he/she should contact the other person directly. This rule applies not only to human society, but also to the intracellular micro-society. In the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the sub-organelle regions called membrane contact sites (MCSs) are pivotal for inter-organelle transport of lipids in cells, as highlighted in the thematic review series "Interorganelle trafficking of lipids" held in Traffic in 2014-2015. In this commentary, we will describe how the currently prevailing model for lipid trafficking at MCSs was generated, and comment on three important issues that have not been explored: (a1) the principles guiding the generation of an asymmetrical inter-organelle flow of lipids in cells, (b2) the advantages in lipid trafficking at organelle contacts, and (c3) the dynamic network of inter-organelle lipid trafficking.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Ongoing Genocide of Black and Indigenous Peoples in Brazil

Cardinal Czerny has compared COVID-19 with a magnifying glass and an X-ray; this article reflects on the tragedy of the Brazilian experience with the COVID-19 pandemic and the deeper wounds it reveals and magnifies. Drawing from journalistic reports, firsthand accounts, statistics, and existing academic literature on race and racism in Brazil, this article interrogates Brazilian racialized society and how the racial divide and economic disparities have been exacerbated through the devastating impact of the pandemic upon a large parcel of the Brazilian people, focusing particularly on how the pandemic magnifies and intensifies the genocide of black and indigenous Brazilians. The article also underscores how Bolsonaro’s strong man politics aggravates the situation, and scrutinizes the ambiguous role of religion in the construction and exacerbation of structural racism as well as in offering creative responses to the current situation.
Lymphatic malformations: a 20-year single institution experience

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital abnormalities which result from disturbances in the embryologic development of the lymphatic system. We sought to determine the characteristics and treatment patterns for LMs in a rural setting, and the effect of a specialized vascular malformations clinic on triage and follow-up. This is a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary care institution. Sixty-two patients were identified; chart review was completed to obtain demographic, surgery/sclerotherapy session and follow-up information. The head/neck region was the most predominant LM location (N = 26, 41.9%), followed by trunk (N = 16, 25.8%), extremity (N = 11, 17.7%), and intraabdominal/retroperitoneal (N = 7, 11.3%). Twenty-eight patients were managed non-surgically, while 21, 7 and 6 patients required surgery, sclerotherapy, or both. Head/neck LMs were the most likely to recur (73%, p = 0.028). Patients seen in specialty clinic had similar duration of follow-up and time to intervention, but were more often below 1 year of age (p = 0.030). Average LM volume among patients with available imaging was much larger in those referred to specialty clinic (73.2 cm3 versus 14.8 cm3, p = 0.022). Our experience reiterates not only the wide variety of clinical presentations of lymphatic malformations, but also demonstrates the necessity of multiple subspecialties and their collaboration to achieve prompt and efficacious treatment.
Abstract 17365: Deep-Learning-Based Intravascular Ultrasound Segmentation for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Accurate segmentation of the coronary arteries with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is important to optimize coronary stent implantation. Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have been ...
0096 Social support in family treatment courts

Statement of purpose Family treatment courts (FTC) are specialized courts that are meant to increase family reunification and treat substance use disorders. This intervention is targeted for parents/caregivers with child welfare cases of abuse and neglect in which substance use has been identified as a contributing factor. Although there are over 3000 drug treatment courts there are differences among them across the U.S. and little is known about the permanency of reunification among the program. Social support networks have played a large role in the recovery of substance use disorders, yet there is a gap in what kind of role these social supports play in permanency and reunification efforts in FTC’s. Methods/Approach The two phased study includes (1) observations of FTC’s and (2) semi-structured interviews with participants and alumni of the FTC program. For phase one of the researchers will observe 12 weeks of FTC sessions and find themes within the sessions that speak to the caregiver/parent’s social support systems. Phase two of the study will require participants to complete a toxic social network survey and a social support survey in addition to participation through a semi-structured interview. Both observations and interviews will be recorded and transcribed by a third-party service. After reviewing transcripts, a codebook will be developed and used to analyze the data using Atlas t.i. Coding will be done independently and intercoder reliability will be assessed. Results Re-occurring themes in the data analysis will inform the significance of social supports and what social supports are available to this population. Data collection is underway and preliminary study results will be available by April 2021. Conclusions This research will inform what healthy relationships are supporting long-term recovery and appropriate parenting practices that could prevent child injury and abuse as well as increase permanency outcomes.
Emergency Department Visits Increase in Transition-Age Patients Empaneled in a Primary Care Network at a Major Academic Medical Center.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to identify important predictors of emergency department (ED) utilization within a population of transition-aged patients empaneled within a primary care network, particularly with high-risk chronic conditions of childhood (HRC). Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data of patients aged 12–29 within a primary care network (n = 19,989). We used negative binomial regression modeling to identify important predictors of ED visits in the last year. Results Nearly 10% (n = 1,975) of the patients had one or more identified HRCs. Our final adjusted model showed that, among others, age 18–23 years (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74–2.15), presence of a high-risk condition (IRR 1.74, 95% CI 1.54–1.96]), transfer between two primary care providers in system (IRR 1.43, 95% CI 1.18–1.72), presence of care manager (IRR 2.19, 95% CI 1.68–1.72), and public insurance status (IRR 2.85, 95% CI 2.62–3.10) were all independent predictors of higher ED utilization. Conditions associated with a high incidence of ED utilization included sickle cell anemia (IRR 5.41, 95% CI 2.78–10.54), history of transplant (IRR 2.53, 95% CI 1.11–5.80), type 1 diabetes (IRR 2.12, 95% CI 1.42–3.15), and seizure disorder (IRR 2.01, 95% CI 1.61–2.51). We estimated that for each added chronic condition, the IRR increased 1.23-fold (95% CI 1.00–1.51). Conclusions Our results demonstrate significantly greater use of high-cost healthcare services for patients in the 18- to 23-year age group and for patients with multiple complex medical conditions. These findings prompt a call for systems-wide processes to improve the pediatric-to-adult transition process.
Low-cost In-ground Soil Moisture Sensing with Radar Backscatter Tags

Despite decades of research confirming the benefits, most farms do not incorporate soil moisture sensing into their irrigation practices. Soil moisture sensing can be broken into two broad approaches, both of which have drawbacks. In situ sensors are installed in the ground, tend to be difficult to deploy and maintain, and have high costs. Remote-sensing based approaches use radars to infer soil moisture from surface reflection properties. While completely wireless, remote sensing suffers from lower resolution and accuracy compared to in situ sensing. We propose a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both. This paper introduces the idea of using inexpensive in situ backscatter tags with above-ground radars, which enables completely wireless soil moisture measurements with high-accuracy and high-resolution. Our key idea is introducing a simple, power efficient modulation scheme that enables commodity radars to easily detect and range the underground tag. We have benchmarked our approach against oven-based, industry-standard ground-truth measurements and demonstrated that, at a realistic depth and across several types of soil, we achieve a 90th percentile error of 3.4%, which is the same accuracy as state-of-the-art in situ sensors. We also demonstrate that our approach works with similar accuracy at a real farm.
Baby’s skin bacteria: first impressions are long-lasting

Early life is a dynamic period for skin microbial colonization and immune development. We postulate that microbial exposures in this period durably alter the skin immune trajectory and later disease susceptibility. Bacteria contribute to infant skin immune imprinting via interactions with microbes as well as with cutaneous epithelial and immune cells. Excellent research is underway at the skin microbiome-immune interface, both in deciphering basic mechanisms and implementing their therapeutic applications. As emphasized herein, focusing on the unique opportunities and challenges presented by microbial immune modulation in early life will be important. In our view, only through dedicated study of skin-microbe crosstalk in this developmental window can we elucidate the molecular underpinnings of pivotal events that contribute to sustained host-microbe symbiosis.
An empirical evidence of winner's curse in electronic auctions

Winner’s curse theories in case of (almost) common-value auctions have long been in existence and fiercely debated in the economic literature. The implications of this theory are far reaching for the fast emerging electronic auction markets. Businesses can make strategic uses of the auction markets ranging from estimation of demand curve for their products to achieving individual price discrimination and liquidating their inventory at the highest possible price. However, the implications of the possible existence of winner’s curse are far reaching for both businesses and consumers. In this paper, we seek to investigate the existence of winner’s curse and establish its determinants.
Then a Miracle Occurs

Developing software-intensive systems is like many other things, but it's also like no other thing. For the general public, how software is made remains a mystery. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/yVYDwatEpQc is an audio podcast of Grady Booch's On Computing column, in which he discusses how developing software-intensive systems is like many other things, but it's also like no other thing. And for the general public, how software is made remains a mystery.
An Economic Theory of College Alcohol and Drug Policies

Colleges employ a wide variety of policies to regulate alcohol and drug use. A model where a regulator monitors the activity of a heterogeneous population of individuals is presented. Engaging in the activity is desired by each, but the aggregate activity exhibits a negative externality. The regulator is unable to observe the quantity or propensity for the activity of any individual, but can establish a maximum acceptable amount of activity and imperfectly monitor compliance with the standard. In this environment the choices made, the need for regulation, and imperfect monitoring are investigated to show that effective policy depends on the goal of the regulator. I. INTRODUCTION Institutions of higher education are charged with ensuring the quality of life of their students. Prominent among the factors that affect students' quality of life is the use of alcohol and drugs on campus. It is well documented that abuse of such substances can lead to individual harm such as a lack of academic success and health problems. Also, the use of alcohol and drugs by one student affects the quality of life of other students. Examples of such spillover effects include property damage, sexual assault, violence, and a diminished living environment (Wechsler et al, 2000b). College policies attempting to regulate use vary significantly. Some schools relegate oversight to governments while others self-monitor activity. While some institutions standardize one policy for all substances others set separate policies for alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs. Punishments differ substantially as well. Punishments for a violation of the drug policy range from immediate suspension from the college to only a reprimand. Furthermore, the amount of acceptable activity differs. For example, some schools prohibit all alcohol on campus. 2 Mitchell, Toomey, and Erickson
The Final Fate of Coalescing Compact Binaries: From Black Hole to Planet Formation

Coalescing compact binaries are thought to be involved in a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena. In particular, they are important sources of gravitational radiation for both ground-based and space-based laser-interferometer detectors, and they may be sources of supernova explosions or gamma-ray bursts. Mergers of two white dwarfs may produce neutron stars with peculiar properties, including perhaps millisecond radio pulsars sometimes accompanied by planets (as observed in PSR 1257+12). According to a widely held belief, the coalescence of two neutron stars should produce a rapidly rotating black hole surrounded by an accretion disk or torus, but this is by no means certain. This review paper focuses on the final hydrodynamic coalescence and merger of double neutron stars and double white dwarfs, and addresses the question of the nature of the final merger products.
Delay-guaranteed cross-layer scheduling in multihop wireless networks

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer scheduling algorithm that achieves a throughput “ e-close” to the optimal throughput in multihop wireless networks with a tradeoff of O([1/(e)]) in average end-to-end delay guarantees. The algorithm guarantees finite buffer sizes and aims to solve a joint congestion control, routing, and scheduling problem in a multihop wireless network while satisfying per-flow average end-to-end delay constraints and minimum data rate requirements. This problem has been solved for both backlogged as well as arbitrary arrival rate systems. Moreover, we discuss the design of a class of low-complexity suboptimal algorithms, effects of delayed feedback on the optimal algorithm, and extensions of the proposed algorithm to different interference models with arbitrary link capacities.
A Versatile Laser Glass Inspection and Damage Testing Facility

A test facility is described which detects small opaque inclusions in large transparent components by using a commercial laser which delivers high energy pulses to the test sample at moderate frequency in a small diameter beam. The sample is automatically scanned such that each point in the volume is irradiated with ten pulses at twice the inclusion damage threshold - an amount sufficient to cause visible damage at inclusion sites. This approach permits detection of opaque inclusions in the parts per trillion and lower concentration range. The specifics of the device design and its performance are discussed in the context of automatic inclusion inspection and mapping in large laser optics.
Is gut the major source of proinflammatory cytokine release during polymicrobial sepsis

Abstract Although studies have shown that the gut is capable of being a cytokine-producing organ and that the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are upregulated following the onset of sepsis, it remains unknown whether the gut is indeed the major source of the increased cytokine production under such conditions. To determine this, male rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP, a model of polymicrobial sepsis) or sham operation followed by the administration of normal saline solution subcutaneously (i.e., fluid resuscitation). Systemic and portal blood samples were taken simultaneously at 2, 5, 10, or 20 h after CLP or sham operation. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In additional animals, the small intestine was harvested at 10 h after CLP or sham operation and examined for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression by RT-PCR. The results indicate that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in both systemic and portal blood samples were significantly elevated during sepsis with the exception that the increase in IL-1β was not significant at 2 h after CLP. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of those proinflammatory cytokines between systemic and portal blood at any points after the onset of sepsis. Moreover, there were no significant alterations in the proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the small intestine at 10 h after CLP. Since the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were not significantly increased in portal blood as compared to systemic blood and since there was no upregulation of gene expression for these cytokines, it appears that organs other than the gut are responsible for the upregulated proinflammatory cytokines during polymicrobial sepsis.