cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Observations on Ciliary Currents in Mammalian Oviducts

Oviducts of four mammalian species (cow, sheep, guinea pig and rat) were slit open longitudinally, while submerged in Hanks’ balanced salt solution at 37#{176}C, in order to expose the lining mucosa. The direction of ciliary currents on the mucosa was assessed by applying particulate matter (15 �m microspheres or stained lycopodium spores) to the surface. In cow and sheep oviducts, the particles were transported toward the uterine end when applied to either the ampulla or the isthmus, in contrast to the pro-Ovarian ciliary currents demonstrated earlier in the isthmus of pig and rabbit oviducts. No ciliary currents could be detected in the isthmus of guinea pig and rat oviducts. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the extreme scarcity of ciliated cells in the isthmus of the latter two species. It is concluded that the significance of ciliary activity for gamete transport in the isthmus of the oviduct varies remarkably among species.Sperm transport is most likely achieved by a mechanism independent of ciiary action.
PostBL: Post-mesh Boundary Layer Mesh Generation Tool

A boundary layer mesh is a mesh with dense element distribution in the normal direction along specific boundaries. PostBL is a utility to generate boundary layer elements on an existing mesh model. PostBL supports creation of hexahedral, prism, quad, and tri boundary layer elements. It is formulated as an algorithm in MeshKit, which is an open-source library for mesh generation functionalities. Typically, boundary layer mesh generation is a premeshing process; in this effort, however, we start from a model that has already been meshed. Boundary layer elements can be generated along the entire skin or on selected exterior or internal surface boundaries. PostBL mesh operation can be coupled with other MeshKit meshing operations such as Jaal, NetGen, TetGen, and CAMAL and custom meshing tools such as RGG. Simple examples demonstrating generation of boundary layers on different mesh types and the OECD Vattenfall T-Junction benchmark hexahedral mesh are presented.
Modest proposals for improving biometric recognition papers

We present practical recommendations for improving the clarity, transparency, and usefulness of many biometric papers. Several of the recommendations can be enabled by preparing a publicly available library of state of the art Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs). We propose such a library and invite suggestions on its details.
Race, Supervisorial Change, and Job Outcomes: Employability Resilience in NCAA Division I College Basketball Coaching

We examine how race affects the employment status of subordinates following a job change by their immediate supervisors. We test whether racial homophily between a subordinate and a supervisor affects the odds of being let go. We also consider whether a racial match between an incoming head coach and assistant affects whether assistants retain their assistant coaching position. Data for these analyses come from a unique data set that explores what happens to 704 NCAA Division I college basketball assistant coaches after the head coach leaves the school. Logistic regression analyses confirm the benefit of working for a white head coach as this decreases the likelihood of being let go, compared to more positive outcomes such as following the coach to a new school, being internally promoted or retained after the head coach's departure. Furthermore, racial homophily with incoming head coaches insulates subordinates from having to search for new employment by increasing the likelihood of assistants being retained.
Periprosthetic Humeral Fractures After Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background: Currently, there is little information concerning periprosthetic humeral fractures after shoulder arthroplasty. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with these fractures to determine the results of treatment, the risk factors for periprosthetic fracture, and the rates of reoperation. Methods: Between 1976 and 2001, nineteen postoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures occurred among 3091 patients who had undergone shoulder arthroplasty at our institution. Sixteen patients had a complete series of radiographs and were included in this study. The average time from the arthroplasty to the fracture was forty-nine months. Seven patients had severe osteopenia. Twelve fractures occurred at the tip of the prosthesis; of these, six extended proximally (type-A fractures) and six did not (type-B fractures). Three fractures occurred distal to the implant and extended into the distal humeral metaphysis (type-C fractures). One fracture occurred in the proximal metadiaphyseal region because of osteolysis. Results: Six fractures healed after an average of 180 days of nonoperative treatment. Five fractures were treated operatively after an average of 123 days of unsuccessful nonoperative treatment. The remaining five fractures had immediate operative treatment. All sixteen fractures healed. One patient required multiple operations over a period of three years before union was achieved. With the exclusion of this patient and one other patient who received a custom prosthesis, the average time between the first operative procedure and union was 278 days. Conclusions: Our data do not clearly indicate the need for operative treatment of type-A fractures unless the humeral component is loose. A trial of nonoperative treatment may be considered for well-aligned type-B fractures that are associated with a well-fixed humeral component; however, operative intervention should be considered for type-B fractures that have not progressed toward union by three months. If the component is well fixed, open reduction and internal fixation may be performed. If the component is loose, revision with a long-stem component is recommended. For type-C fractures, a trial of nonoperative treatment is recommended. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
High power laser welding of thick steel plates in a horizontal butt joint configuration

Abstract In this investigation, two laser-based welding techniques, autogenous laser welding (ALW) and laser welding assisted with a cold wire (LWACW), were applied to join thick plates of a structural steel (A36) in a horizontal narrow gap butt joint configuration. The main practical parameters including welding method and laser power were varied to get the sound weld with a requirement to achieve a full penetration with the reinforcement at the back side of weld in just one pass. The weld-bead shape, cross-section and mechanical properties were evaluated by profilometer, micro-hardness test and optical microscope. In order to investigate the stability of laser-induced plasma plume, the emitted optical spectra was detected and analyzed by the spectroscopy analysis. It was found that at the laser power of 7 kW a fully penetrated weld with a convex back side of weld could be obtained by the LWACW. The microstructural examinations showed that for the ALW the acicular ferrite and for the LWACW the pearlite were formed in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The prediction of microstructure based on continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram and cooling curves obtained by thermocouple measurement were in good agreement with each other. According to the plasma ionization values obtained from the spectroscopy analysis the plume for both processes was recognized as dominated weakly ionized plasma including the main vaporized elemental composition. At the optimum welding condition (LWACW at the laser power of 7 kW) the fluctuation of the electron temperature was reduced. The spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that at the higher laser power more of the elemental compositions such as Mn and Fe were evaporated.
Subscription cancellation projects : How to quiet some of the roar

When faced with yet another subscription cancellation project at Trinity University, a closer look at certain aspects of the budget was decided on by Caraway and Chamberlain as a way to determine price increases and possible cuts. A new way of deciding the amount to cut for non-United States titles was taken in this study, using projected inflation figures. During the project, an even more interesting discovery was made in working and communicating with faculty.
Numerical and Experimental Measurements in a Helicon-IEC Thruster

Graduate Research Assistant, Aerospace Engineering, 306 Talbot Laboratory, MC-236, 104 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801. Member, AIAA. 2,3,4 Graduate Research Assistant, Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, 216 Talbot Laboratory, MC-234, 104 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801 5 Professor Emeritus, Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, 216 Talbot Laboratory, MC-234, 104 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801. Associate Fellow, AIAA. Numerical and Experimental Measurements in a HeliconIEC Thruster
Analysis on Health Examination Results of Dust-exposed Workers in A Cement Plant

[Objective]To understand the health status of dust-exposed workers in a cement plant,and explore the effect of dust on health of workers.[Methods]Totally 150 dust-exposed workers (male 107,female 43) in a cement plant were selected as observation group,150 workers (male 100,female 50) as control group. Occupational health examination including occupational history,the chief complaint,internal medicine,urinalysis,blood analysis,electrocardiogram,B ultrasonic examination,chest X-ray fluoroscopy or photos was performed on workers. The workers whose length of service was more than 3 years took the examination of the lung function.[Results]The detection rates of major respiratory symptoms (cough,sputum,shortness of breath,sore throat,dry nasal mucosa) in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.01). The blood pressure,abnormal detection rates of urine and blood in observation group were significantly higher than those of control group (P0.05 and P0.01). The difference of detection rate of abnormal pulmonary function between observation group and control group was significant (χ2=38.07,P0.01).The main performance characteristics of the observation group were restrictive lung function damage to dysfunction of pulmonary ventilation.[Conclusion]The dust in this cement plant seriously harm to the workers' health. It is recommended that relevant departments should strengthen supervision of the village and township enterprises to reduce the occupational hazard to workers' health.
Metabolism of 5-fluorouracil in cultured cells. Protection from 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by purines.

The metabolic reactions leading to cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were examined in cultured mouse T-cell lymphoma cells. FUra is phosphoribosylated by orotic acid phosphoribosyl transferase, the second to last enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Mutants with altered capacities to phosphoribosylate orotic acid in vitro have similarly altered capacities to phosphoribosylate FUra in vivo and in vitro. The sensitivity of these mutant lymphoma cell lines to FUra is momotonically related to their capacity to phosphoribosylate FUra. This phosphoribosylation requires pyrophosphoribosyl phosphate, an intracellular metabolite whose concentration can be regulated in vivo. Purines, which lower the concentration of pyrophosphoribosyl phosphate in cultures of wild type cells, can protect these cells from FUra toxicity. Conversely, purines that do not affect intracellular pyrophosphoribosyl phosphate content do not affect FUra mediated growth inhibition and cytotoxicity. This protection from FUra toxicity by purines requires the presence of the appropriate purine salvage enzymes. Analogous observations with purines on FUra cytotoxicity were made in other cell lines from rat, mouse, and marmoset, indicating that the metabolic activation of FUra by phosphoribosylation may be prevalent.
Adherence to cardiovascular medications in the South Asian population: A systematic review of current evidence and future directions

Adherence to cardiovascular medications in the South Asian population: A systematic review of current evidence and future directions
Reference Spectrum Method for Nuclear Matter

A new method is presented for the calculation of the reaction matrix $G$ of the Brueckner-Goldstone theory. The spectrum of the intermediate states is replaced by a "reference spectrum" of the form $A+B{k}^{2}$ where the constants $A$ and $B$ are chosen so as to approximate, as closely as possible, the actual particle energies for $k$ between 3 and 6 ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The reason for this choice is explained. With the reference spectrum, the Brueckner integral equation reduces to a differential equation which is easily solved. The case of a repulsive core can be solved explicitly, and can be summed over angular momentum, taking into account the correct statistical weights. If an attractive potential is added to the repulsive core, a simple "modified Born approximation" can be developed. Noncentral forces, such as tensor forces, are considered.The actual $G$ matrix, ${G}^{N}$, is calculated from the reference matrix ${G}^{R}$. It is shown that this can be done to sufficient accuracy (0.1 to 0.2 MeV per nucleon) by a simple quadrature. The difference ${G}^{N}\ensuremath{-}{G}^{R}$ arises mainly from the Pauli principle which is not taken into account in ${G}^{R}$. A small correction, less than 1 MeV per nucleon, arises from the inaccuracy of the reference spectrum. This shows that the details of the particle energy spectrum are not important for the calculation of the nuclear binding energy.The particle energy spectrum is carefully investigated. In agreement with Brueckner and Goldman, the $G$ matrices determining the potential energy of states in the Fermi sea are calculated "on the energy shell," and a more detailed justification is given for this procedure. Those for states above the Fermi sea are calculated "off the energy shell." This, in combination with the repulsive core, has the consequence of making the potential energy very large and positive for large $k$, corresponding to an effective mass between 0.8 and 0.9 for highly excited states. In addition, there is an energy gap at the Fermi momentum, a feature which helps to justify the reference spectrum.A modified Moszkowski-Scott separation into short- and long-range potentials is developed and gives, in second order, results accurate to better than 0.1 MeV per particle. The wave functions of interacting particles are calculated in the reference spectrum approximation for central and tensor forces.
Soil Carbon Dynamics and Rangeland Management

Rangelands are the largest and among the most diverse land resources in the United States. They harbor considerable potential to mitigate climate impacts due to their extensive land area and the application of low-input, adaptive management practices. Rangelands are typically characterized by short periods of high C uptake during the growing season (2–3 months) and long periods of C balance or small losses during the remainder of the year. Dominant mechanisms for rangeland GHG mitigation will be through C storage in soils and by minimization of livestock-related non-CO 2 emissions (CH 4 , N 2 O). The role of rangelands as sinks or sources of greenhouse gases, however, is determined by complex interactions among climate, vegetation, and management practices. Primary challenges to maximizing rangeland GHG mitigation potential include more complete accounting of GHG balances across the many rangeland ecosystems, and quantifying the magnitude and direction of GHG changes due to interactions between management and environment.
Fiber-Optic Sensing Systems: Fiber-Bragg Grating Sensor and Swept Laser Interrogation Platform

• Introduction to Fiber-Optic Sensing • Focus on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors • Sensor Interrogation Systems • Applications and Field Studies This presentation will focus on key technology components in a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing system, including sensor design and construction, interrogation techniques, system integration, and data processing. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing systems have emerged to be a practical technology for strain sensing, and are now deployed in a wide variety of applications including health monitoring of civil structures (highways, bridges, buildings, and dams), long-term fatigue assessment in ship hulls, and oil well pressure/temperature monitoring. Moreover, myriad potential applications are under active development, such as smart structures for aerospace vehicles, remote monitoring applications in nuclear plants, power cables, pipelines, and tow-arrays, as well as bio-medical and chemical sensing for trace pollutants, toxic gases, and in vivo temperature profiling in human bodies. FBG sensors are superior in their signal processing simplicity as the information is directly obtained by detecting Bragg wavelength shifts induced by the measurands. The FBG wavelength shift is directly proportional to the induced strain, temperature variation, or refractive index profile. For mechanical sensing, strain and temperature are the typical direct measurands. For sensing electromagnetic fields or bio-chemical agents, the FBGs would be integrated with appropriate materials to tranfer sensing parameters to temperature, strain, or refractive index changes.
Unique cytokine and chemokine responses to exertional heat stroke in mice

Immune modulators called cytokines are released following extreme hyperthermia leading to heat stroke. It is not known whether exercise in hyperthermia, leading to exertional heat stroke, influence...
Development of a high-throughput microwave imaging system for concealed weapons detection

A video-rate microwave imaging aperture for concealed threat detection can serve as a useful tool in securing crowded, high foot traffic environments. Realization of such a system presents two major technical challenges: 1) implementation of an electrically large antenna array for capture of a moving subject, and 2) fast image reconstruction on cost-effective computing hardware. This paper presents a hardware-efficient multistatic array design to address the former challenge, and a compatible fast imaging technique to address the latter. Prototype hardware which forms a partition of an imaging aperture is discussed. Using this hardware, it is shown that the proposed array design can be used to form high-fidelity 3D images, and that the presented image reconstruction technique can form an image of a human-sized domain in ≤0.1s with low cost computing hardware.
LAAM Induction: Behavioral Correlates

There has been great interest for the past few years in the development of 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) as an alternative maintenance treatment agent for heroin addicts. This methadone derivative is capable of suppressing abstinence for up to 72 hours and this clinical effect is related to its biotransformation and accummulation of active metabolites, in particular noracetylmethadol (N-LAAM) and dinoracetylmethadol (DN-LAAM). As part of a cooperative pharmacokinetic study of LAAM between us and the University of Utah, we attempted to make certain observations on the patients’ cognitive functions and other behavioral parameters after each dosing, both during initial administration and after repeated dosing for several weeks, to see if these observations correlated with the level of active metabolites. This report deals with the correlation between the plasma level of the major metabolite N-LAAM and clinical observations including the results of several specific psychometric tests. It was anticipated that the results of these tests may reflect impairment or the lack thereof, in everyday functioning such as driving, operating equipment, ability to concentrate, memory, etc.
Alloplastic reconstruction of the microtic ear

Alloplast microtia repair offers many advantages over autologous costal cartilage as a framework. Advantages include earlier reconstruction, fewer procedures, avoidance of donor site morbidity, shorter surgeon learning curve, and improved consistency in size and contour match. Though multiple implantable materials have been used in microtia reconstruction with variable success, preformed porous polyethylene frameworks combined with advances in soft tissue envelope techniques have significantly improved alloplast outcomes. The authors describe their technique in single-stage microtia reconstruction with the use of porous polyethylene as an alloplast framework.
Diferentes tasas evolutivas entre grupos de angiospermas. Eudicotiledóneas

Applying analytical models to two clades, eudicotyledons and paleoherbs, three filogeny models were explored and analyzed with parameters that vary from low extinction rates to high speciation rates. Filogeny Model I suggest that the probability ty of obtaining a difference in species distribution, between the two sister clades, as the observed, or higher, varies between 15.2% with high speciation rates and 16.7% with low extinction rates. In Filogeny Model II the probability of obtaining a species distribution similar to the observed one or higher, varies between 15.7% with high speciation rates to 17.4% with low extinction rates. In contrast, probability of obtaining a species distribution like the observed or higher in Filogeny Model III varies from 2.5% with high speciation rates to 2.8% with low extinction rates. Accordingly with the tree Models, the probability of obtaining a numerical difference at the species level between eudicotyledons and its sister group are low. However, results suggest the eudicotyledons are characterize by higher evolutionary rates (speciation-extinction) compared with other groups of angiosperms.
Semiconductor Polymer Dots for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy

Semiconductor polymer dots exhibit superior brightness and tunable optical properties. This presentation describes the development of small polymer dots for biological imaging. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging and Superresolution optical flunctuation imaging (SOFI) were demonstrated.
Mean square error (MSE) based hybrid analog and digital combining for systems with large receive antenna arrays

In this work we investigate the hybrid analog and digital combining applicable to both multi-user single-input multiple-output (SIMO) and single user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems via modeling equivalence. We consider the mean square error (MSE) of the estimated signal after the combiner, and indicate that the optimal MSE can be expressed as the function of the analog combining matrix. Then by exploiting the proposed MSE decomposition, we propose two hybrid combiner designs which are able to optimize the analog combining matrix with low complexity. We evaluate the proposed designs using simulations. Results show that the proposed designs can provide near-optimal performance and outperform the existing designs in MSE, sum-rate, or complexity.
Freisetzung von Chemokinen und Cytokinen in humanen Mesothelzellen nach Stimulierung durch Bakterien und bakterielle Bestandteile

Zur Evaluierung des Einflusses verschiedener Bakterien auf die Entstehung der Peritonealer Entzundungsreaktion masen wir die Cytokin- und Chemokinfreisetzung (IL-6 und IL-8) in humanen peritonealen Mesothelzellen (HPMZ) nach der Stimulierung durch Lysate gramnegativer, grampositiver und anaerober Bakterien. Methode: HPMZ wurden aus humanem Omentumgewebe durch Trypsinierung isoliert und zu konfluenten Monolayern kultiviert. Bakterien (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Propionibacterium acnes, Salmonella paratyphi, Proteus mirabilis) wurden sonifiziert. Die Uberstande wurden in zwei verschiedenen Konzentrationen (10 (ig/ml and 100 μg/ml) den HPMZ-Kulturen hinzugefugt. Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses bestimmter bakterieller Subkompartimente verwendeten wir Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) von E. coli und P. aeruginosa sowie Peptidoglycan and Lipoteichonsaure von Staph. aureus. IL-6 und IL-8 wurden durch Chemilumineszenz zu vier verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (vor, 1,6, und 24 h nach Stimulation) gemessen. Die statistische Auswertung der Studie erfolgte mit ein- und zweifaktorieller Varianzanalyse. Ergebnisse: Gramnegative Bakterien bewirkten im Gegensatz zu den grampositiven und den anaeroben Bakterien in den HPMZ einen signifikanten Anstieg der IL-6 und IL-8 Produktion, der zeit- und konzentrationsabhangig war (jeweils p < 0,005). Entsprechende Resultate zeigten sich nach Inkubation mit bakteriellen Subkompartimenten: im Gegensatz zu Peptidoglycan und Lipoteichonsaure (von Staph. aureus) fuhrte die Stimulation durch LPS zu vergleichbaren, singnifikanten Anstiegen von IL-6 und IL-8. Zusammenfassungg: Die mesotheliale Entzundungsreaktion im Rahmen einer bakteriellen Peritonitits scheint vor allem durch Bestandteile gramnegativer Bakterien ausgelost zu werden.
A phase Ib study of BGJ398, a pan-FGFR kinase inhibitor in combination with imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Background Preclinical studies suggest that imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be mediated by MAP-kinase activation via fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. In FGF stimulated GIST cell lines, BGJ398, a pan-FGFR kinase inhibitor in combination with imatinib, was cytotoxic and superior to imatinib therapy alone. In FGF-dependent GIST, the combination of BGJ398 and imatinib may provide a mechanism to overcome imatinib resistance. Methods This phase Ib study of BGJ398 and imatinib was performed in patients with imatinib refractory advanced GIST. A standard 3 + 3 dosing schema was utilized to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Two treatment schedules were evaluated incorporating imatinib 400 mg daily in combination with (A) BGJ398 daily 3 weeks on, 1 week off or (B) BGJ398 daily 1 week on, 3 weeks off. Results 16 patients enrolled. The median age was 54 years (range: 44-77), 81% were male, and the median number of lines of prior therapy was 4 [range: 2-6, 13 patients had ≥3 prior therapies]. 12 patients received treatment on schedule A [BGJ398 dose range: 25 - 75 mg]: 2 patients experienced dose limiting toxicities (DLT) (n = 1, myocardial infarction & grade (G)4 CPK elevation; n = 1, G3 ALT elevation) on schedule A (BGJ398 75 mg), significant hyperphosphatemia, an on-target effect, was not observed, implying the maximum tolerated dose was below the therapeutic dose. Following protocol amendment, 4 patients enrolled on schedule B [BGJ398 dose range: 75 - 100 mg]: no DLTs were observed. The most common treatment related adverse events occurring in >15% of patients included CPK elevation (50%), lipase elevation (44%), hyperphosphatemia (24%), anemia (19%), and peripheral edema (19%). Among the 12 evaluable patients, stable disease (SD) was the best response observed in 7 patients by RECIST v1.1 and 9 patients by CHOI. Stable disease ≥ 32 weeks was observed in 3 patients (25%). Median progression free survival was 12.1 weeks (95% CI 4.7-19.5 weeks). Conclusions Toxicity was encountered with the combination therapy of BGJ398 and imatinib. Due to withdrawal of sponsor support the study closed before the RP2D or dosing schedule of the combination therapy was identified. In heavily pre-treated patients, stable disease ≥ 32 weeks was observed in 3 of 12 evaluable patients. Trial Registration: NCT02257541 .
Utility of the six-minute walk test in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple test that is widely used to assess functional exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Patients with IPF have reduced exercise capacity due to a number of factors, such as impaired respiratory mechanics and circulatory problems. As a self-paced and usually submaximal exercise test, the 6MWT reflects the exercise level of everyday activities. Variables measured during the 6MWT, such as six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and desaturation, are strong predictors of mortality in patients with IPF. However, the results of a 6MWT are affected by numerous factors, including age, body size, comorbidities and the use of supplemental oxygen during the test, and these need to be borne in mind when interpreting the results of individual and serial tests. Clinical studies, including trials of potential therapies for IPF, have differed in the methodology used to implement the 6MWT, hindering the comparison of results across studies. In this review, I describe the utility of the 6MWT in patients with IPF and provide recommendations for standardisation of the test for use both in clinical practice and research. A brief video on how to set up and administer the 6MWT is available at http://www.usscicomms.com/respiratory/lancaster/6mwt/
Industry, Firm, Job Title: The Layered Nature of Early-Career Advantage for Graduates of Elite Private Universities:

Using concepts associated with effectively maintained inequality theory and horizontal stratification, the authors ask whether the private-public dividing line is a “threshold of consequence” for e...
Comparison of Ultrafast Nonlinear Refraction and Absorption Measurements of Single-layer and Multi-layer Graphene

We compare effective and temporal dynamics of nonlinear refraction and absorption of single-layer and multi-layer graphene. Non-instantaneous components are observed to dominate the nonlinear refraction of which decreases with respect additional layers.
Comments on “What’s Wrong with the IMF” and “Containing the Risks”

I review the arguments made by the two authors and emphasize the importance of ill-defined property rights as a central problem in precipitating crises. I also argue that the unfortunate handling of the failure of Long-Term Capital Management provides some lessons for crisis management in developing countries.
Can patient-reported room cleanliness measures predict hospital-acquired C. difficile infection? A study of acute care facilities in New York state.

Background Patient experience measures, like those form the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare providers and Systems survey, are increasingly used in healthcare policy decisions. However, it remains unclear if these reflect quality of care, like rates of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). This study examined the relationship between patient-reported room cleanliness, from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare providers and Systems survey, and hospital-acquired C. difficile infection (HA-CDI) rates in NYS acute care hospitals. Methods A random-effects regression analysis compared the percentage of patients indicating their room was “always” and “sometimes/never” kept clean to that facility's average HA-CDI rates, controlling for known predictors. Results A higher percentage of patients reporting their room was “always” kept clean was associated with significantly lower rates of HA-CDI. Facilities experience 0.031 fewer cases of HA-CDI/1,000 discharges for every percentage point increase in the number of patients rating their room as “always” clean (P = .006). A higher percentage of patients reporting their room was “sometimes/never” kept clean was associated with higher rates of HA-CDI (β = 0.033), but this was not significant (P = .096). Conclusions These findings suggest patient perceptions of cleanliness may reflect microbial cleanliness and these measures could assist in the prevention of HAIs. However, further research is needed.
Thermoresponsive PNIPAm–PMMA-Functionalized PVDF Membranes with Reactive Fe–Pd Nanoparticles for PCB Degradation

Fe–Pd nanoparticles are immobilized in stimuli-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm)- and poly-methyl methacrylate-functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride membranes using ion exchange for 2...
Musicking with Music-Generation Software in Virtutes Occultae

This article explores concepts of compositional meaning that arise from cocreative composing with music-generation software. Drawing from an analysis of the 2017 electroacoustic composition Virtute...
Wondrously Wounded: Theology, Disability, and the Body of Christ; Becoming Friends of Time: Disability, Timefullness, and Gentle Discipleship

Engaging wide-ranging interdisciplinary conversation partners, Brian Brock and John Swinton’s newest book-length projects offer theologically rich and pastorally thought-provoking contributions to ...
Neuroprotective Therapies for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Patients who survive the initial ictus of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain vulnerable to subsequent injury of the perilesional parenchyma by molecular and cellular responses to the hematoma. Secondary brain injury after ICH, which contributes to long-term functional impairment and mortality, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence for neuroprotective therapies targeting secondary injury pathways following ICH. A focus on therapies with pleiotropic antiinflammatory effects that target thrombin-mediated chemotaxis and inflammatory cell migration has led to studies investigating statins, anticholinergics, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists, and magnesium. Attempts to modulate ICH-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown and perihematomal edema formation has prompted studies of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, and complement inhibitors. Iron chelators, such as deferoxamine and albumin, have been used to reduce the free radical injury that ensues from erythrocyte lysis. Stem cell transplantation has been assessed for its potential to enhance subacute neurogenesis and functional recovery. Despite promising preclinical results of numerous agents, their outcomes have not yet translated into positive clinical trials in patients with ICH. Further studies are necessary to improve our understanding of the molecular events that promote damage and inflammation of the perihematomal parenchyma after ICH. Elucidating the temporal and pathophysiologic features of this secondary brain injury could enhance the clinical efficacy of neuroprotective therapies for ICH.
Follow-up and management of serologically active clinicallyquiescent cases in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus

Objectives Our aim is to identify the presence of serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) episodes in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We aim to identify serologic biomarkers associated with SACQ episodes and discuss risks and benefits of escalating treatments. Material and methods We evaluated 25 pediatric SLE patients, 13 of whom experienced SACQ episodes. Serologically active clinically quiescent was defined as two consecutive clinic visits without any clinical symptoms or clinical examination findings of a lupus flare with a clinical Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score of zero, but either elevated anti-ds-DNA antibodies or low complement (C3 and/or C4) levels. Results Among the 13 patients who experienced a SACQ episode, there were a total of 24 episodes, with each patient experiencing 1-4 SACQ episodes. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was the most commonly elevated laboratory marker in a SACQ episode, followed by low hemoglobin levels, and then elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies. Of the 17 episodes treated during a SACQ episode, 15 (88%) did not progress to a clinical flare within six months, while two did. Furthermore, of the 7 patients who were not treated during their SACQ episode, 2 (29%) continued to be SACQ without flare, whereas 5 led to a clinical flare within six months. Conclusions Serologically active clinically quiescent episodes were identified in pediatric SLE patients, suggesting that the presence of SACQ is not limited to adults with SLE. Serologic markers such as increased ESR, hemoglobin, and elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies are preliminarily associated with pediatric SACQ episodes. Treating these SACQ episodes in pediatric SLE patients was less likely to lead to a clinical flare within six months when compared to not treating (p < 0.05). More research with a larger sample size is needed to define SACQ episodes, determine the prevalence in pediatric SLE patients, and establish SACQ treatment guidelines.
Random Path Representations

The random path representation is a reformulation of Euclidean field theory. For scalar fields this representation exhibits the Schwinger functions in terms of a statistical distribution of paths; the effects of interaction are described by the intersection of paths. This representation was introduced by K. Symanzik for the investigation of Euclidean φ4 models [Symanzik, 1964, 1969]. Since the precise mathematical formulation of this work was beyond the scope of contemporary probability theory, the representation did not receive immediate attention. Eventually, however, random walk variants of this representation proved very fruitful in the study of lattice field theories. Random walk representions have been used to establish and to improve correlation inequalities such as those of Chapter 4. These inequalities yield a striking nonexistence theorem for continuum limits of lattice φ4 theories in dimension d ≥ 5 [Brydges, Frohlich and Spencer, 1982; Aizenman, 1982; Frohlich, 1982; Brydges, 1982]. They are the strongest indications to date of nonexistence for pure φ4 models in d = 4. The methods used in these investigations also relate to the local time picture of random walks [Dynkin, 1983; Frohlich, 1984] and to the random walk approximations to Brownian motion.
Improving the performance of the truncated fourier series least squares (TFSLS)power system load model using an artificial neural network paradigm

Power System Load models have a wide range of application in the electric power industry including applications involving: (i) load management policy monitoring; (ii) assisting with the generator commitment problem; (iii) providing short term forecasts; (iv) aiding with system planning by providing long term forecasts. A method that has been utilized in the power systems planning community involves modeling the power system load (PSL) utilizing a truncated Fourier series. Presented herein is an innovative method based upon analyzing nine weeks of data and generating an optimum number of Fourier series terms included in model structure from a set of preselected heuristic basis functions for prediction. The resulting PSL model capable of providing high quality middle-long term forecasts and retain the shape prediction of the load curve out in time.
Essentials of Thermal Processing by Gary S. Tucker and Susan Featherstone

Essentials of Thermal Processing. Gary S. Tucker and Susan Featherstone. Oxford, United Kingdom.Wiley-Blackwell (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.), 2011. 288 pages. $199.99. Current thermal processing ope...
Equality with Exceptions? Recovering Lawrence's Central Holding

In the eleven years since the Supreme Court handed down its Lawrence v. Texas ruling, state courts have not consistently adhered to the decision’s implicit rejection of laws that regulate based on animus alone. Relying on the Court’s explicit limitation of its decision to cases that do not involve minors, “persons who might be injured or coerced or who are situated in relationships where consent might not easily be refused,” public conduct, prostitution, government recognition of same-sex relationships, and practices not “common to a homosexual lifestyle”—the so-called Lawrence exceptions—a number of states have continued to use archaic antisodomy laws to police conduct they see as morally reprehensible. This Comment examines the interpretation and application of the Lawrence exceptions by state courts, arguing that by maintaining discriminatory prosecution and punishment schemes for conduct deemed to fall within the exceptions, states run afoul of the core antidiscriminatory logic of Lawrence and of the Court’s earlier ruling in Romer v. Evans. My analysis addresses not only whether laws that fall within the Lawrence exceptions discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation, but also whether they enable or invite discrimination along genderand race-based lines.
Inheriting inequality: Wealth, race, and the laws of succession

The article begins by documenting deep inequality in the form of Black-White wealth disparities: While the overall wealth distribution in the United States is highly unequal from both historical and international perspectives, racial wealth disparities are particularly acute, with median Black net worth approximately a tenth of median White net worth (as compared to median Black income that is approximately two-thirds of median White income). Next, the article ties the perpetuation of this inequality to current inheritance law. It then confronts this inequality as a civil rights issue in terms of its social effects, its historical causes, and legal avenues for attacking it. Finally, the article proposes two changes in our laws of succession to address this contemporary manifestation of White advantage and Black disadvantage. First, the article explains how civil rights considerations support existing proposals that inheritances be taxed as windfall income to those who receive them (as are lottery winnings currently). Second, the article identifies a need for revising intestacy law to provide heirs with clear title to assets, especially homes belonging to families of modest wealth whose wealth is primarily the value of those homes.
Transitions in Sr 2 Ru x Ir 1-x O 4 compounds studied by the 99 Ru Mössbauer effect

The ${}^{99}\mathrm{Ru}$ M\"ossbauer effect has been measured in the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ system for $x=1.0,$ 0.7, 0.5, and 0.4 at 4.2 K. The isomer shift measurements show a change of -0.05(.02) mm/s as the compound changes from a metal $(x=0.7)$ to an insulator $(x=0.5).$ This isomer shift change is the electronic signature of the metal-insulator transition. All these spectra are single line. At $x=0.4$ the compound undergoes a magnetic phase transition with the measurement of a hyperfine magnetic field of 7.2(1.5) T. The ${}^{99}\mathrm{Ru}$ M\"ossbauer effect has been measured from 1.8 to 147.5 K for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ and from these measurements the Debye temperature was estimated to be 427(50) K.
An Engraved Paleoindian Artifact from Northeast Pennsylvania

Engraved stones from Paleoindian contexts are extremely rare. Artifact engravings that have been recognized are often considered examples of Paleoindian artistic expression or evidence of symbolic behavior. Given the limited published sample of Paleoindian artwork, it is important to report all intentionally engraved items that might contribute to our collective understanding of this class of artifacts. In this article, I describe an engraved stone from the Clovis level at Shawnee-Minisink and briefly summarize other examples of possible Paleoindian art from the Early and Middle Paleoindian period.
State-to-state inelastic and reactive molecular beam scattering from surfaces

Resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) laser spectroscopic and molecular beam-surface scattering techniques are coupled to study inelastic and reactive gas-surface scattering with state-to-state specificity. Rotational, vibrational, translational and angular distributions have been measured for the inelastic scattering of HCI and N {sub 2} from Au(111). In both cases the scattering is direct-inelastic in nature and exhibits interesting dynamical features such as rotational rainbow scattering. In an effort to elucidate the dynamics of chemical reactions occurring on surfaces we have extended our quantum-resolved scattering studies to include the reactive scattering of a beam of gas phase H-atoms from a chlorinated metal surface M-CI. The nascent rotational and vibrational distributions of the HCI product are determined using REMPI. The thermochemistry for this reaction on Au indicates that the product formation proceeding through chemisorbed H-atoms is slightly endothermic while direct reaction of a has phase H-atom with M-CI is highly exothermic (ca. 50 kcal/mole). Details of the experimental techniques, results and implications regarding the scattering dynamics are discussed. 55 ref., 8 fig.
Thorotrast‐induced hepatoma

A case of thorotrast-induced hepatoma is presented. The patient was given Thorotrast intravenously, in 1943, for diagnostic x-ray studies. Autoradio-graphic and electron microscopic studies confirm the diagnosis 28 years later. A review of the world's literature is tabulated. A short history of the use of thorotrast is given, and its carcinogenic potential is discussed. The question of chemical vs. radiation carcinogenesis remains unsettled. A plea is made for earlier diagnosis, so that an effective plan of treatment may be attempted.
Lexical composition and the production of compounds: Evidence from errors in naming

Whether the production of a morphologically complex word recruits compositional procedures appears to depend on the properties of the particular word-formation process at hand. Since the types of word formation that appear to enlist composition include regular inflection and productive derivation, an argument can be made for the role of morphological productivity in determining the approach taken to lexical production. However, morphological productivity typically entails semantic compositionality, so it could be that compositional procedures are exploited only when the meaning of the complex word is exhaustively characterised in terms of the meanings of its immediate morphological constituents. It is argued here that the lexical production system takes a compositional approach to processing morphologically complex forms in cases of productive word formation even if the semantics of the word cannot be derived formally from the meaning of its constituents. Evidence is presented from a case of acquired nami...
A holistic approach to protein secondary structure characterization using amide I band Raman spectroscopy.

We have developed a holistic protein structure estimation technique using amide I band Raman spectroscopy. This technique combines the superposition of reference spectra for pure secondary structure elements with simultaneous aromatic, fluorescence, and solvent background subtraction, and is applicable to solution, suspension, and solid protein samples. A key component of this technique was the calculation of the reference spectra for ordered helix, unordered helix, and sheet, turns, and unordered structures from a series of well-characterized reference proteins. We accurately account for the overlap between the amide I and non-amide I regions and allow for different scattering efficiencies for different secondary structures. For hydrated samples, we allowed for the possibility that bound water spectra differ from the bulk water spectra. Our computed reference spectra compare well with previous experimental and theoretical results in the literature. We have demonstrated the use of these reference spectra for the estimation of secondary structures of proteins in solution, suspension, and dry solid forms. The agreement between our structure estimates and the corresponding determinations from X-ray crystallography is good.
J genes for heavy chain immunoglobulins of mouse

A 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of BALB/c mouse liver DNA, cloned in the Charon 4A lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (CHmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin M. In addition, this fragment of DNA contains at least two J genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. These genes are located in genomic DNA about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the CHmu gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base pair stretch of DNA that includes the two J genes has been determined.