cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P/Q Ca2+ channel blockade stops spreading depression and related pyramidal neuronal Ca2+ rise in hippocampal organ culture.

Ca2+ channels and pyramidal cell Ca2+ are involved in hippocampal spreading depression (SD), but their roles remain elusive. Accordingly, we characterized Ca2+ changes during SD in CA3 pyramidal neurons and determined whether Ca2+ channel antagonists could prevent SD. SD was induced in hippocampal organotypic cultures (HOTCs), in which experimental conditions can be rigorously controlled. SD was triggered by transient exposure to sodium acetate (NaAc)-based Ringer's coupled to an electrical pulse in the dentate gyrus and its occurrence confirmed with interstitial DC recordings. Pyramidal cell Ca2+ was measured with fura-2 filled cells and was quantified at the soma, proximal and more distal apical dendrites. Regional Ca2+ changes began simultaneously with the triggering pulse of SD and reached three distinct peaks before returning to baseline concomitant with the interstitial DC potential of SD. The first peak occurred within 5 s of the triggering pulse, was smallest, and heralded the onset of SD. The second Ca2+ change was the greatest and reached a peak 6 s later, during the early phase of SD. The third was intermediate in size and occurred 18 s later, as SD reached its maximum interstitial DC change. SD was prevented by nonselective Ca2+ blockade (Ni2+ and Cd2+) but not by either L-Ca2+ channel (nifedipine) or N-Ca2+ channel inhibition (ω-conotoxin GVIA). Importantly, SD was blocked by P/Q Ca2+ channel antagonism (ω-agatoxin-IVA), which also prompted a significant reduction in pyramidal cell Ca2+ change and hyperexcitability. These results show that the spatiotemporal pattern of pyramidal cell Ca2+ change with SD is multiphasic; they provide further evidence that these changes begin before electrophysiologic evidence of SD. Furthermore, they show that P/Q Ca2+ channel antagonism can prevent SD in HOTCs and it appears to do so by preventing the NaAc-induced increased pyramidal cell excitability from NaAc exposure, which may involve altered GABAergic transmission. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Breathing pattern and ventilatory control in chronic tetraplegia.

Blunted ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide indicate that respiratory control is impaired when ventilation is stimulated in individuals with tetraplegia; however, respiratory control during resting breathing has not been extensively studied in this population. Our objective was to evaluate respiratory control and sigh frequency during resting breathing in persons with tetraplegia. A prospective, two-group comparative study was performed. Breathing pattern was assessed in ten outpatients with chronic tetraplegia and eight age- and gender-matched able-bodied controls. Subjects were noninvasively monitored for 1 h, while seated and at rest. Tidal volume (VT) was calculated from the sum of the anteroposterior displacements of the rib cage and abdomen and the axial displacement of the chest wall. Inspiratory time (TI), VT, and the ratio of VT to inspiratory time (VT/TI) were calculated breath by breath. A sigh was defined as any breath greater than two or more times an individual’s mean VT. Minute ventilation, VT/TI, and sigh frequency were reduced in tetraplegia compared with controls (5.24 ± 1.15 vs. 7.16 ± 1.29 L/min, P < 0.005; 208 ± 45 vs. 284 ± 47 ml/s, P < 0.005; and 11 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 19 sighs/h, P < 0.0005, respectively). VT/TI was associated with sigh frequency in both groups (tetraplegia: R = 0.88; P = 0.001 and control: R = 0.70; P < 0.05). We concluded that reductions in minute ventilation, VT/TI, and sigh frequency suggest that respiratory drive is diminished during resting breathing in subjects with tetraplegia. These findings extend prior observations of disordered respiratory control during breathing stimulated by CO2 in tetraplegia to resting breathing.
Relationships among peak power output, peak bar velocity, and mechanomyographic amplitude during the free-weight bench press exercise

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, power output, and bar velocity during the free-weight bench press exercise. Twenty-one resistance-trained men [one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press = 125.4 ± 18.4 kg] performed bench press muscle actions as explosively as possible from 10% to 90% of the 1-RM while peak power output and peak bar velocity were assessed with a TENDO Weightlifting Analyzer. During each muscle action, surface MMG signals were detected from the right and left pectoralis major and triceps brachii, and the concentric portion of the range of motion was selected for analysis. Results indicated that power output increased from 10% to 50% 1-RM, followed by decreases from 50% to 90% 1-RM, but MMG amplitude for each of the muscles increased from 10 to 80%1-RM. The results of this study indicate that during the free-weight bench press exercise, MMG amplitude was not related to power output, but was inversely related to bar v...
Banana starch: production, physicochemical properties, and digestibility—a review

The large quantity of green cull bananas has the potential of being used industrially and, thereby, to improve banana economics and eliminate the large environmental problem presented by banana waste. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the composition, structure, physiochemical properties, modifications, and digestibility of banana starches and provides suggestions for needed research to improve the utilization of green cull bananas.
Clinicopathologic Features and Long-Term Outcomes of 293 Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast

Phyllodes tumors (PT) are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast with unpredictable behavior. We reviewed our single institution experience with PT over 51 years to identify factors predictive of local recurrence (LR) and metastasis. From 1954 to 2005, a total of 352 cases of PT were identified; 293 had follow-up. All available pathology slides (90%) were rereviewed for margins, borders, fibroproliferation in the surrounding breast tissue, stromal pattern, stromal cellularity, frequency of mitoses, and necrosis. All cases occurred in women, with a median age of 42, with 203 originally categorized as benign and 90 as malignant. Median follow-up was 7.9 years. A total of 35 patients developed LR at a median of 2 years. In univariate analyses, a higher actuarial LR rate was associated with positive margins (P = .04), fibroproliferation (P = .001), and necrosis (P = .006). PT classified as malignant did not have a higher risk of LR (P = .79). Five patients developed distant disease at a median of 1.2 years. These patients constituted 71% of the seven patients who had uniformly aggressive pathologic features, including large tumor size (≥7.0 cm), infiltrative borders, marked stromal overgrowth, marked stromal cellularity, high mitotic count, and necrosis. Positive margins, fibroproliferation in the surrounding breast tissue, and necrosis are associated with a marked increase in LR rates. Efforts should be made to achieve negative surgical margins to reduce risk of LR. Death from PT is rare (2%), and only PT that demonstrate uniformly aggressive pathologic features seem to be associated with mortality.
Pneumococcal vaccination in general internal medicine practice: current practice and future possibilities.

Background Pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) is recommended for adults ≥65 years and those with chronic illness, but there are potential advantages of universal vaccination of adults age 50–64 years.
Peach Tree and Nematode Responses To Various Soil Treatments Under Two Irrigation Regimes

Tree growth, fruit production and population dynamics of three root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica were evaluated during six years in a peach planting. The treatments were: 1) preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide at 450 kg/ha + mycorrhizae at planting, 2) root-knot nematode + Dactylella oviparasitica (S isolate), 3) root-knot nematode + soil from an established peach orchard, and 4) root-knot nematode alone. These four treatments were evaluated under normal and high irrigation regimes. Methyl bromide treatment improved tree growth, fruit production, and nematode control most. D. oviparasitica did not improve growth. The high irrigation regime counteracted the detrimental effects of root-knot nematode without reducing the nematode population. After 6 years root-knot nematode numbers were declining in all treatments except those previously free of the nematode.
Recognition memory for words presented at a slow or rapid rate

Fast presentation (about 1 word/sec) impairs subsequent recognition of both common and very rare words. This presentation rate, slow enough for accurate perception but probably too fast for much more elaborate information processing, also sharply reduces the variability of recognition memory scores.
Comprehensive Understanding on the Role of Tunnel Oxide Top Nitridation for the Reliability of Nanoscale Flash Memory

We report the role of tunnel oxide (TO) top nitridation (TN) in the reliability of nanoscale Flash memory and provide comprehensive understanding for the mechanism. TN was expected to potentially improve the TO quality by protecting against damages from edge encroachment and other processes. However, instead of net improvement, we found a tradeoff between endurance (charge trap) and retention (charge detrap and leakage) in the reliability of the cell array. We find that more charges are trapped in the TO with increasing nitrogen concentration, although detrapping can be decreased in a limited concentration. This suggests that the defect in the TN layer (SiON) includes a deep energy trap, thus resulting in a more strongly bound charge. Increasing nitrogen concentration also degrades charge retention from TO leakage but can be better for the same electrical oxide thickness. Evaluating a band diagram suggests that the possible improvement arises from the greater physical oxide thickness, although the barrier height for electron transmission is lower. This suggests that TO leakage is dominated by an inelastic trap-assisted tunneling mode using multiple direct tunneling through deep oxide traps. The results are indicative of the intrinsic impact of TN, regardless of bulk nitrogen or hydrogen incorporation.
On the collision of atoms with crystal surfaces.

Mathematical model to study energy transfer between energetic gas particle and crystal surfaces
The economics of representation in Lope de Vega's La dama boba ∗

In his Discursos practicables del nobilisimo arte de la pintura (1670s), the Spanish painter and theorist Jusepe Martinez tells an anecdote about a man who commissioned a painting for a chapel. Whe...
Survival analysis with median regression models

Abstract The median is a simple and meaningful measure for the center of a long-tailed survival distribution. To examine the covariate effects on survival, a natural alternative to the usual mean regression model is to regress the median of the failure time variable or a transformation thereof on the covariates. In this article we propose semiparametric procedures to make inferences for such median regression models with possibly censored observations. Our proposals can be implemented efficiently using a simulated annealing algorithm. Numerical studies are conducted to show the advantage of the new procedures over some recently developed methods for the accelerated failure time model, a special type of mean regression models in the survival analysis. The proposals discussed in the article are illustrated with a lung cancer data set.
An improved animal chamber for use in radiorespirometry studies

Abstract A hemiglobe-shaped animal chamber with a special cover was designed for use in small animal radiorespirometry studies and compared to a typical cylindrical animal chamber. The globe chamber offered the advantages of (1) better mixing of the animal input with the carrier gas, (2) improved accuracy in determining the system distortion errors, and (3) virtual elimination of valleys and peaks in recorded output which resulted from position changes of the animal in the chamber. These advantages were derived through two factors in the design. First, the flow of the carrier gas was perpendicular to the long axis of the body, so the distance between chamber inlet and exhaust was less than that of the cylindrical chamber. Second, the exhaust of the globe chamber originated from four suboutlets, which collected gases from various areas in the chamber and mixed them with the main flow.
Viability of Endoscopic and Excisional Treatment of Early Rectal Carcinoids

With the advent of endoscopy, the incidence of rectal carcinoid tumors has not only risen, but the majority are localized at presentation. This has led to excisional and/or ablative therapy in lieu of radical resections. A single institute’s experience with rectal carcinoids was reviewed to determine the impact this approach has had on outcomes, and evaluate any selection criteria for optimizing patient survival. A single institute’s tumor registry was retrospectively queried, identifying 14 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors over a 28-year period. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.1 ± 14.4 years. Six of the 14 patients were female. Presenting symptoms included a change in bowel habits in six (38%), rectal bleeding in six (38%), and abdominal pain or distention in five (31%) patients. No patient had symptoms consistent with carcinoid syndrome. The rectal carcinoids were a mean 9.2 ± 3.4 cm from the anal verge and a mean 9 ± 6 mm in size. Endoscopic and/or transanal excision/fulguration techniques treated 11 (79%) patients, whereas two (14%) patients underwent a low anterior resection (LAR). Surveillance entailed periodic endoscopy for a median 65 months (range 8–281). No patient developed recurrent carcinoid disease for a 20-year overall survival of 70%.
Negative differential resistance in GaN tunneling hot electron transistors

Room temperature negative differential resistance is demonstrated in a unipolar GaN-based tunneling hot electron transistor. Such a device employs tunnel-injected electrons to vary the electron energy and change the fraction of reflected electrons, and shows repeatable negative differential resistance with a peak to valley current ratio of 7.2. The device was stable when biased in the negative resistance regime and tunable by changing collector bias. Good repeatability and double-sweep characteristics at room temperature show the potential of such device for high frequency oscillators based on quasi-ballistic transport.
Modeling of Trace Organics Biotransformation in the Subsurface

Biofilm processes are potentially important for transformations of organic micropollutants in ground water. Some theoretical hypotheses and empirical observations suggest that a concentration threshold exists for some compounds below which the concentration cannot be reduced by bacterial action. However, in the presence of one compound at a relatively high concentration, termed the primary substrate, another compound present at trace concentrations, termed the secondary substrate, can be biotransformed as well. These concepts were evaluated through laboratory column studies with several halogenated organic compounds of importance in ground water. A biofilm model can successfully describe utilization of trace substrates, and application to modeling the subsurface is discussed. A simplified batch model with first-order kinetics may be adequate for describing subsurface microbial processes when low active organism and pollutant concentrations exist over a large scale.
Reassessment of the carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

The current policy for regulating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is based on one chronic bioassay that examined the carcinogenicity of a 60% chlorinated PCB (Norback & Weltman, 1985). All studies originally considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use in calculating a cancer slope factor (CSF) for PCBs were reevaluated and new CSFs calculated based on the results of a pathology reassessment (Moore et ah, 1994). When studies of 60% chlorine PCBs from 3 different laboratories were compared, there was no scientific basis for selecting only 1 data set for deriving CSF estimates. Using a geometric mean to calculate a CSF based on all studies of PCBs with 60% chlorine replaces the current value of 7.7 (mg/kg/d)−1 with a value of 1.9 (mg/kg/d)−1. CSFs for PCBs containing less than 60% chlorine (54% and 42%) were less than 1.0 (mglkgld)−1. Using a toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach similar to that of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin shows no correlation between toxic equivalent d...
On using corrugated skins to carry shear in sandwich beams

A simplified approach is used to study the potential of using a corrugated skin in a sandwich to carry shear loads. Shear carrying capability is a major requirement for ship bottom panels, among other structures. The simplifications in the paper are quite major and in particular the corrugated skin is modeled as a conventional material with a homogenized stiffness. The goal of the paper is to point out some of the potentials as well as limitations of using a corrugated skin to carry shear loads. The major analysis tool was finite elements, although some analytical analyses were also performed. It was found that the introduction of a corrugated skin provided improved shear carrying capability and offered weight savings, particularly for heavily loaded sandwich beams. Alternative methods to increase shear strength were briefly reviewed.
Discrete Trial Training in the Treatment of Autism

Discrete trial training (DTT) is a method for individualizing and simplifying instruction to enhance children's learning. For children with autism, DTT is especially useful for teaching new forms o...
FRET measurements of trapped oligonucleotide duplexes

Sensitive methods developed to measure laser-induced fluorescence from trapped ions have been applied to study the intermediate states of the dissociation of oligonucleotide duplexes. Double-stranded oligonucleotide anions were prepared with FRET donor/acceptor pairs attached. Gas phase ions were generated by electrospray ionization and injected into a heated quadrupole ion trap where they were stored and exposed to Nd:YAG laser pulses at 532 nm. The dissociation of the duplexes into single strands was monitored by both fluorescence and mass spectra. The comparison of the degree of dissociation of the duplex observed in the mass spectra to the fluorescence intensity of the donor allows for the determination of the intermediate conformations of the unzipping duplex. The observation of changes in the donor fluorescence in the absence of single strands correlates with an intermediate state characterized by threshold unzipping at the weaker binding end of the duplex. These data are consistent with a model of intermediate state formation as a function of temperature. These studies suggest that FRET methods will be useful to obtain direct measurements, which characterize the dynamics of conformational changes of biomolecules in the gas phase.
Programming systolic arrays

This paper presents the New Systolic Language as a general solution to the problem of systolic programming. The language provides a simple programming interface for systolic algorithms suitable for different hardware platforms and software simulators. The New Systolic Language hides the details and potential hazards of inter-processor communication, allowing data flow only via abstract systolic data streams. Data flows and systolic cell programs for the co-processor are integrated with host functions, enabling a single file to specify a complete systolic program. >
ARE BUTCH AND FEM WORKING-CLASS AND ANTIFEMINIST?

Many authors argue that middle-class lesbians present themselves as butch or fem less than working-class lesbians and that butch and fem were discouraged by 1970s feminist stigma but are reemerging in postfeminist decades. By analyzing “women seeking women” personal ads, this study provides a longitudinal, quantitative analysis of the validity of these assumptions. The results suggest that middle-class lesbians were less likely to present themselves as butch or fem than working-class lesbians but no less likely to be seeking a butch or fem partner. Also, butch and fem were found to be much more prevalent in the 1990s than in the 1970s or 1980s. Generational cohorts of lesbians based on feminist political ideologies about butch and fem were not found. Prevailing cultural norms within lesbian communities appear to affect all lesbians in an era.
Older women in a state-wide, evidence-based falls prevention program: who enrolls and what benefits are obtained?

BACKGROUND: Older women who are vulnerable to falls and their negative consequences have been shown, in controlled randomized clinical trials, to benefit from fall prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to identify personal characteristics of female participants enrolled in a falls prevention program, the effectiveness of the program for female participants, and whether personal characteristics indicate which women might benefit most from programs delivered in real-world settings. METHODS: Data were collected from seniors enrolled in A Matter of Balance/Voluntary Lay Leader (AMOB/VLL) program sessions conducted in Texas over the 2-year period from 2007 to 2009. Baseline and postintervention data from 1,101 female participants were drawn from a larger, state-wide dataset and analyzed using structural equation modeling to identify relationships between variables of interest. FINDINGS: Analyses revealed that women who attended AMOB/VLL significantly increased falls efficacy from baseline to postintervention (t = 1.680; p Language: en
4-Hydroxynonenal-modified Ro 60 autoantigen accelerates autoimmunity in experimental animals

Sir, We read with interest the review article entitled ‘Consequence of neo-antigenicity of the ‘altered self ’’ [1], where the authors discuss the importance of oxidation-specific protein adducts in plasma membranes. We would like to point out that we have also shown the importance of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a lipid eroxidation by-product, modified Ro 60 (SS-A) autoantigen in the rapid development of autoimmunity in an animal model of SLE [2] and the role of oxidatively modified proteins in autoimmune diseases [3]. Ro 60 RNP is a common target of autoantibodies in both SLE and SS. This structure is made up of a 60 kDa protein non-covalently associated with at least one of four short uridine-rich RNAs (the hY RNAs) [3, 4]. These hY RNAs are also associated with the 48 000 molecular weight La (or SS-B) autoantigen. Anti-Ro is found in 25–40% of patients with SLE, while anti-La is found in substantially fewer patients [3, 4]. Tolerance against Ro 60 and other autoantigens was abrogated faster and strongly in the HNE-Ro 60-immunized animals compared with the Ro 60-immunuzed animals. Immunization with HNE-modified Ro 60 induced a rapid intramolecular epitope spreading (within the Ro 60 molecule) and a rapid inter-molecular epitope spreading to other autoantigens. Such a scenario envisages developing antibodies to 60 kDa Ro and thus autoimmunity to the entire Ro RNP particle after an initial immune response to oxidized Ro 60. We studied oxidative modification of Ro 60 since we and others observed free radical mediated peroxidative damage in SLE and other diseases [5–9]. Significantly higher HNE-modified protein levels have been found to occur in children with SLE [7]. Thus, we believe that oxidative modification of proteins is important in the generation of autoantibodies and thus brings about autoimmunity. Disclosure statement: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Patterning the Xenopus blastula

This review starts from the classical standpoint that there are at least two separable processes acting with respect to axis formation and tissue specification in the early Xenopus embryo: a UV-insensitive event establishing a postgastrula embryo consisting of three concentric germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, all of a ventral character; and a UV-sensitive event producing tissue of a dorsal type, including somites, notochord and neural tissue, and concomitantly establishing the dorsoventral and anteroposterior axes. The experimental evidence suggesting the molecular basis of the dorsal and ventral pathways is reviewed.
Extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma in a dog

An extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma was observed in a 10.5-year-old male Boxer dog. Additionally, the dog had an aortic base tumor, multiple thyroid adenomas, multiple testicular interstitial cell tumors, bilateral nodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. The hypothesis that the retroperitoneal mass represents a primary extra-adrenal paraganglioma rather than metastatic mass from the aortic body tumor is considered. Either primary or metastatic extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rarely reported in dogs.
Left ventricular structure and function by echocardiography in ultraendurance athletes

To determine left ventricular (LV) structural and functional changes induced by ultraendurance exercise training, M-mode LV echograms and Doppler recordings of LV inflow velocity in 26 triathletes and 17 normal subjects were studied. All triathletes trained 20 to 40 hours/week in swimming, cycling and running for more than 2 years. Structurally, triathletes had normal LV systolic and diastolic cavity dimensions, but increased wall thickness (1.05 +/- 0.26 vs 0.80 +/- 0.27 cm in normal subjects, p less than 0.001), increased relative wall thickness, or h/R ratio (0.41 +/- 0.10 cm vs 0.33 +/- 0.11 cm in normal subjects, p less than 0.001), and increased LV mass (226 +/- 60 vs 143 +/- 54 g in normal subjects, p less than 0.001). LV mass correlated closely with mean exercise blood pressure during an 8-hour exercise test in 14 triathletes (r = 0.88). Systolic function at rest was similar in both groups, with no differences in fractional shortening or end-systolic stress. Diastolic LV function measured by digitized M-mode echo was similar in normal subjects and triathletes, with no differences in peak rates of cavity enlargement and wall thinning by echocardiogram. In contrast, the Doppler-derived ratio of early-to-late LV inflow velocities was slightly increased in triathletes (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that ultraendurance training produces a physiologic pattern of moderate pressure overload LV hypertrophy, in proportion to the hemodynamic load imposed during prolonged exercise. Unlike the abnormal hypertrophy of systemic hypertension, early diastolic function remains normal in the triathlete heart.
Sputtering magnetron experiments and modeling

Summary form only given. Global plasma behavior was characterized experimentally for a cylindrically symmetric planar magnetron with a Cu cathode located above a set of permanent magnets, yielding a trap with a major radius of 1.7 cm. It was found that the electron confinement time was a1 ms for argon and that this is regulated by the transit time of the ions across the plasma. A DC discharge has several distinct regimes of operation, revealed through the current-voltage-pressure relations, while a modulated discharge is dominated by transient gas recycling, i.e. thermal desorption of ions that were trapped in the cathode surface. Extensive in situ measurements of ions, using sub-Doppler laser induced fluorescence, and of electrons, using Langmuir probes, have also been made. It was also shown that the spatial distribution of ionization and the resulting efficiency of sputtering target utilization can be accurately predicted using a Monte Carlo simulation in which electrons born on the cathode due to secondary emission are followed individually. The average number of ionizations per electron was found to depend strongly on the magnetic field strength, up to about 400 G, but only weakly on the neutral gas pressure. The ion dynamics have been simulated in another Monte Carlo code in which argon ions are released from the sites predicted by the electron code discussed above. It is found that this model adequately predicts the LIF experimental data
Efficacy of intraperitoneal antibiotics in the treatment of severe fecal peritonitis.

Abstract A study was performed with rabbits to examine the efficacy of treatments for fecal peritonitis and, specifically, to determine whether it is beneficial to include antibiotics in the saline used to irrigate the peritoneum. A standardized inoculum of human stool suspension was placed in the peritoneal cavity of the rabbits. Fifty-six rabbits were studied to compare the effect of treatments begun 2 hours after peritoneal soiling. The administration of no treatment resulted in 100% mortality (14 of 14). Parenteral cefotetan 25 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM) twice a day (BID) with no other treatment reduced mortality to 50% (p A second experiment then was performed specifically to examine the efficacy of intraperitoneal antibiotics. A lethal fecal inoculum was determined in rabbits receiving conventional therapy, i.e., parenteral antibiotics (cefotetan) and irrigation of the peritoneum with plain saline. With two hours delay before treatment, cefotetan 25 mg/kg IM BID and irrigation with plain saline produced 80% mortality (11 of 14). Cefotetan 25 mg/kg IM BID plus cefotetan 1.0 mg/mL in the saline washout reduced mortality to 21% (3 of 14, p = 0.003) and markedly reduced the number of intraperitoneal abscesses from 13.4 ± 0.7 in the animals receiving irrigation with plain saline to 8.1 ± 0.8 in the animals receiving irrigation with saline containing cefotetan (p
Evaluation of Several Methods for Computing Stroke Volume from Central Aortic Pressure

Six pulse-contour methods for estimating stroke volume from a single central aortic blood pressure were evaluated in 8 dogs and 17 patients. In the dogs, wide variations in stroke volume, measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter, were obtained by pacing the heart at various rates during a control period and during several pharmacologic interventions. Good correlations existed between measured stroke volume and most estimators when the data from each intervention were analyzed separately. However, regression analysis revealed considerable variation in the individual slopes and intercepts, and thus a poor correlation was obtained when all data for one dog were combined in a single analysis. Similar evaluations were carried out in two groups of patients in whom the pressure-gradient technique was used to measure stroke volume. In the group with minimal variations in hemodynamic status, the correlations between estimated and true stroke volume were reasonably good. In the patients having a wide range of hemodynamic conditions, considerable variation in both slopes and intercepts was observed, and the combined correlation coefficients were generally poor. Although pulse contour methods of estimating stroke volume may work reasonably well over a range of stroke volumes when the variation is induced by a single perturbing agent, none of these methods perform adequately when the variation is induced by multiple perturbing agents; thus their clinical usefulness is markedly limited.
Therapeutic misconception in research subjects : Development and validation of a measure

BackgroundTherapeutic misconception (TM), which occurs when research subjects fail to appreciate the distinction between the imperatives of clinical research and ordinary treatment, may undercut th...
Impact of gate workfunction on device performance at the 50 nm technology node

Abstract The optimal gate electrode workfunction was determined for the 50 nm technology node using a simulation strategy that takes into account the impact of short-channel effects on device performance in uniformly doped and super-steep-retrograde doped channels in conventional and dynamic threshold operation. Classical device simulations suggest that the optimal workfunction is such that the gate Fermi level is 0.2 eV below (above) the conduction (valence) band edge of silicon for NMOS (PMOS) devices. However, when quantum mechanical effects are taken into account, the optimal workfunction is such that the gate Fermi level coincides with the conduction (valence) band edge. Midgap gates are not viable because the resulting short-channel effects are too severe. In a surrounding-gate transistor the optimal workfunction is attained when the gate Fermi level is 0.35 eV below (above) the conduction (valence) band edge in NMOS (PMOS) device. Midgap gates are not viable because the resulting threshold voltage is too high and cannot be reduced by lowering the substrate doping.
Planning, Organizing, and Conducting a 2-Week Study Abroad Trip for Undergraduate Students: Guidelines for First-Time Faculty.

This article provides specific recommendations to help faculty members organize, plan, and conduct a short-term overseas study tour. Specifically, strategies are presented to help with managing student anxiety in the pretrip sessions, acclimating the students to their new environment in the early part of the trip, balancing academic content with cultural activities, selecting types of learning activities, and facilitating a student exchange with a local university. A secondary goal of this article is to discuss common on-the-ground problems that the faculty leader may face in the host country. Strategies are presented to help the faculty leader respond to these problems (or prevent them from occurring in the first place).
Course of experimental tuberculosis in the albino rat as influenced by cortisone.

Summary1. Rats injected with virulent tubercle bacilli did not die of tuberculous infection. A majority of rats similarly infected with tubercle bacilli but treated with cortisone died of tuberculosis. 2. Striking histologic differences were noted. Localized granu-lomatas were seen in the organs of rats injected only with tubercle bacilli, whereas the lesions in the animals also receiving cortisone were diffuse and contained fewer inflammatory cells. 3. The influence of cortisone on experimental tuberculosis appears to be a lowering of the host's natural resistance. The possible modes of action resulting in this are discussed.
Decisions about turns in multiparty conversation: from perception to action

We present a decision-theoretic approach for guiding turn taking in a spoken dialog system operating in multiparty settings. The proposed methodology couples inferences about multiparty conversational dynamics with assessed costs of different outcomes, to guide turn-taking decisions. Beyond considering uncertainties about outcomes arising from evidential reasoning about the state of a conversation, we endow the system with awareness and methods for handling uncertainties stemming from computational delays in its own perception and production. We illustrate via sample cases how the proposed approach makes decisions, and we investigate the behaviors of the proposed methods via a retrospective analysis on logs collected in a multiparty interaction study.
A COMPARISON OF THREE INSTRUMENTAL TESTS FOR PREDICTING SENSORY TEXTURE PROFILES OF CHEESE

Multivariate analysis techniques were used to seek correlations between texture sensory attributes assessed by a trained professional panel and instrumental measurements (compression, puncture and penetration) carried out on various types of cheeses. Twenty-nine cheeses were assessed by the panel and instruments. Correlation was sought using Partial Least Squares regression. Hardness (R=0.87), springiness (R=0.98) and cohesiveness of mass (R=0.89) were best predicted by instrumental data from a cone penetration test. The prediction of cohesiveness was acceptable using any of the three instrumental tests performed (0.76<R< 0.80). Other attributes were best predicted using either a uniaxial compression or a needle puncture tests.
Walter David Knight: an appreciation

(1999). Walter David Knight: An appreciation. Philosophical Magazine B: Vol. 79, No. 9, pp. 1225-1229.
Setting the scales of the ocean response to isolated convection

Abstract The ocean response to negative buoyancy flux, applied in an isolated region at the surface, is investigated to determine the scales of the equilibrium state, that is, the time to reach equilibrium, the equilibrium density anomaly within the convecting chimney, and, in the case of deep convection, the equilibrium depth of the chimney. Two types of isolated convection, with fundamentally different parameter dependencies, are distinguished based on the importance of the forcing decay region; a region surrounding the isolated forcing region, across which the buoyancy flux decreases to zero. A narrow forcing decay region produces “internally constrained” convection in which the baroclinic Rossby radius is the dominant horizontal length scale, and the resulting equilibrium scales are those found by Visbeck et al. A wide forcing decay region produces “externally constrained” convection in which the forcing decay width is the dominant horizontal length scale, and the equilibrium scales are those found by...
Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport and the Water Balance of North America

Abstract The atmospheric water vapor flux divergence and certain aspects of the water balance of North America are investigated, using data from the period May 1, 1958–Apr. 30, 1963. The mean vertical distribution of flux divergence is computed for the United States for the months of January (1962, 1963) and July (1961, 1962). Strong flux convergence in the lowest kilometer and divergence in the remainder of the troposphere were found in July. Flux convergence was found throughout the troposphere over the eastern half of the area in January, with a maximum between 900 and 950 mb.; while in the west, convergence (with no particularly pronounced maximum) was found above 800 mb., with weak divergence below. Corresponding features of the profiles were found at higher elevations over the west, where the flux divergence above 500 mb. is quite significant. Particular emphasis is placed on computation of the vertically integrated flux divergence, and its use in estimating P-E, the mean difference between precipit...
Learning Single Index Models in High Dimensions

Single Index Models (SIMs) are simple yet flexible semi-parametric models for classification and regression. Response variables are modeled as a nonlinear, monotonic function of a linear combination of features. Estimation in this context requires learning both the feature weights, and the nonlinear function. While methods have been described to learn SIMs in the low dimensional regime, a method that can efficiently learn SIMs in high dimensions has not been forthcoming. We propose three variants of a computationally and statistically efficient algorithm for SIM inference in high dimensions. We establish excess risk bounds for the proposed algorithms and experimentally validate the advantages that our SIM learning methods provide relative to Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and low dimensional SIM based learning methods.
The Glomerular Basement Membrane

The basement membrane of the glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney has been a favorite object for studies on the structure, function, and composition of basement membranes because of its important biological role in glomerular filtration of macromolecules, and because of the relative ease with which it can be isolated for study, free from contamination by other extracellular matrix components. This chapter will review what is known about the characteristics of the glomerular basement membrane (hereafter abbreviated as GBM) and will compare wherever possible the available data with those on basement membranes from other sources.
Bowling Norms and Learning Curves for College Women

(1950). Bowling Norms and Learning Curves for College Women. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 377-385.
SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PREDICTS CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

Kidney transplant has improved the long-term outcome in end-stage renal disease. However, the rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is significant after the transplant. Early detection of patients at risk is helpful to initiate aggressive preventative therapy. Recently, speckle-tracking echo (
The sacred and the profane : The transcendental significance of erotophonophilia in the construction of subjectivity

L'A. presente un modele d'analyse des motivations des criminels sexuels. Il etudie la fonction du crime sexuel au cours du processus de construction de la subjectivite du criminel et presente un certain nombre d'approches criminologiques de la criminalite sexuelle. L'approche phenomenologique permet de mieux saisir la nature profane de la modernite, ainsi que la signification du sacre, du rituel et du fetichisme. Il souligne que le fetichisme sacre joue un role central dans la situation existentielle du criminel sexuel. L'approche post-moderniste met l'accent sur le sujet transcendant et pose le probleme de la rationalite des comportements criminels. L'A. insiste sur la dimension sacrificielle des crimes perpetres contre les femmes
EFFECT OF WALKING IN COWBOY BOOTS ON THE KNEE ACTION.

Abstract The effect of wearing cowboy boots upon the angle at the knee joint was investigated on male subjects. It was found that during standing, walking, and running the angle was the same as when subjects were barefoot.
Molecular targets for cancer prevention by tea polyphenols.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A85 Many studies have shown the inhibitory effect of green and black tea against carcinogenesis in rodent models. These include models for cancers of skin, lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, duodenum, small intestine, pancreas and mammary gland. Different tea preparations contain varying amounts of tea polyphenols, among which epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the most well studied and is believed to be the most potent active anti-cancer tea polyphenol. Even though multiple mechanisms of action have been proposed, the molecular basis of the chemopreventive effect of tea polyphenols is still not clear. Searching for the EGCG "target" or high affinity proteins that bind to EGCG is the first step in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanism of the anticancer effects of tea polyphenols. Recently, we and other few groups have identified a few of these EGCG-binding proteins, including plasma proteins: vimentin, GRP78, JNK, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and histidine-rich glycoprotein, laminin, and the 67-kDa laminin receptor. We have studied the biologic and physiologic significance of these proteins for the anticancer effects of tea polyphenols. These newly identified EGCG-binding proteins should facilitate the design of new strategies to prevent cancer.
Resaca supports range expansion of invasive apple snails (Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810; Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae) to the Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Resacas, or oxbow lakes, form from old river channels. In the Rio Grande, resacas provide habitat for diverse wildlife, including native and non-native species. Biologists unexpectedly found pink egg masses on emergent vegetation (November 2015) and later adult apple snails (May 2016) within a resaca at a former fish hatchery in Brownsville, Texas. This report extends the non-native range of Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810 by 429 km southeast in Texas. Our findings imply that abandoned waterbodies, such as fish hatcheries, can act as unrecognized conduits for non-native invasive species.
Fluid-Structure-Jet Interaction Modeling and Simulation of High-Speed Vehicles

A modeling methodology and flight simulations are presented that account for the external loads of a slender high-speed vehicle maneuvering with divert and attitude control jets. The slender vehicl...
The Effect of a Data Breach Announcement on Customer Behavior: Evidence from a Multichannel Retailer:

AbstractIn this study, the authors assess the effects of a data breach announcement (DBA) by a multichannel retailer on customer behavior. They exploit a natural experiment and use individual customer transaction data from the retailer to conduct a detailed and systematic empirical examination of the effects of a DBA on customer spending and channel migration behavior. To identify the effects, the authors compare the change in customer behavior before and after the DBA between a treatment group (customers whose information is breached) and a control group (customers whose information is not breached) using the difference-in-differences modeling framework. They find that although the data breach results in a significant decrease in customer spending, customers of the firm migrate from the breached to the unbreached channels of the retailer. The findings further reflect that customers with a higher retailer patronage are more forgiving because the negative effects of the DBA are lower for customers with a h...
Reapplying behavioral symmetry: public choice and choice architecture

New justifications for government intervention based on behavioral psychology rely on a behavioral asymmetry between expert policymakers and market participants. Public choice theory applied the behavioral symmetry assumption to policy making in order to illustrate how special interests corrupt the suppositions of benevolence on the part of policy makers. Cognitive problems associated with market choices have been used to argue for even more intervention. If behavioral symmetry is applied to the experts and not just to market participants, problems with this approach to public policy formation become clear. Manipulation, cognitive capture, and expert bias are among the problems associated with a behavioral theory of market failure. The application of behavioral symmetry to the expanding role of choice architecture will help to limit the bias in behavioral policy. Since experts are also subject to cognitive failures, policy must include an evaluation of expert error. Like the rent-seeking literature before it, a theory of cognitive capture points out the systematic problems with a theory of asymmetry between policy experts and citizens when it comes to policy making.
Evaluating large-scale IT investment decisions

Abstract Businesses are becoming increasingly dependent on information and Information Technology. This dependence brings with it both risks and rewards, and managers must decide whether or not to stay averse to the risk, or whether to embrace it in order to achieve the potential rewards. This study explores some of the risks and rewards that integrating Information Technology into a corporation can produce. In this study, a research method that is mainly based on a review of the scientific literature was employed. The final contribution of this study lies in the fact that it identifies and articulates the most important risks and opportunities that must be evaluated carefully and extensively by decision makers before making large-scale IT investment decisions.
Efficacy of Video Modeling and Brief Coaching on Teacher Implementation of an Evidence-Based Practice for Students With Severe Disabilities:

Effective professional development strategies are needed to enable special educators to provide evidence-based instruction and support to students with severe disabilities. In this single-case desi...