cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Donor Policies for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

With the advent of more sophisticated transplantation techniques and rapid advancements in supportive care, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become part of standard therapy for a variety of hematologic diseases. Improvements in allogeneic transplant outcomes are due largely to our enhanced capability of identifying better-matched donors. Donor-recipient HLA-matching remains of paramount importance in minimizing transplant-associated risks. Policies that safeguard donor welfare should focus on the establishment of adequate screening procedures and optimal stem cell harvesting strategies to minimize risks to the donor. The development of a protocol for the mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells streamlined the donorship process and provided a less traumatic alternative to bone marrow harvesting. For patients without an adequately matched donor, umbilical cord blood is increasingly being utilized as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells despite the unique challenges associated with its maintenance, storage, and transport. As hematopoietic transplantation forges forward, issues pertaining to international donorship and donor compensation will need to be addressed.
Rates of Repeated Operation for Isolated Subdural Hematoma Among Older Adults.

Importance Elderly patients who undergo surgery for an isolated nontraumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) are at major risk for SDH reaccumulation, which can cause further injury and disability. Few population-based studies have examined how often nontraumatic SDH reaccumulates and necessitates repeated operation. Objective To determine the rate of repeated operation after evacuation of nontraumatic SDH. Design, Setting, and Participants In a cohort study, 2 parallel analyses were performed using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2015, and inpatient and outpatient claims data from a 5% nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries from January 1, 2009, to September 30, 2015. In both samples, our cohort comprised patients 65 years or older who underwent surgical evacuation of nontraumatic SDH. Data were analyzed from March 28 to April 13, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome variable was repeated operation for SDH after the index operation. Survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to calculate cumulative rates. Results Among 2 831 274 cases submitted to the NSQIP registry, 515 patients 65 years or older (mean [SD] age, 76.9 [7.4] years; 177 [34.4%] women; 367 [71.3%] white) who underwent craniotomy or craniectomy for nontraumatic SDH were identified. Within 30 days after the index surgery, 37 patients underwent a repeated operation for SDH. The cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 13.8% (95% CI, 11.0%-17.1%), and the repeated operation rate was 7.8% (95% CI, 5.7%-10.7%). Among a cohort of 1 952 305 Medicare beneficiaries, 1534 patients (mean [SD] age, 77.7 [7.0] years; 498 [32.5%] women; 1244 [81.1%] white) who underwent evacuation of nontraumatic SDH were identified. A total of 103 patients underwent a repeated operation within 90 days. The cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 11.6% (95% CI, 10.1%-13.3%), and the repeated operation rate was 4.9% (95% CI, 3.9%-6.2%); the cumulative 90-day mortality rate was 17.6% (95% CI, 15.7%-19.6%), and the repeated operation rate was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.2%-9.0%). The study found no evidence of a significant difference in cumulative repeated operation rates at 90 days between patients whose index surgery was a burr-hole procedure for chronic SDH (11.7%; 95% CI, 6.3%-21.3%) vs a craniotomy or craniectomy (7.2%; 95% CI, 6.0%-8.8%) (P = .14 by the log-rank test). Conclusions and Relevance In 2 large cohorts of US patients, approximately 5% to 10% of patients who underwent surgery for nontraumatic SDH were required to undergo repeated operation within 30 to 90 days. These results may inform the design of future prospective studies and trials and help practitioners calibrate their index of suspicion to ensure that patients are referred for timely surgical care.
DOES PATHOLOGY ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION LEAD TO INTIMAL THICKENING IN THE FIRST-YEAR AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION?

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) may be antibody-mediated. The 2011 ISHLT grading scale includes antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). It is believed that pathology AMR includes not only AMR 2 but also AMR 1H via intragraft mRNA transcript findings. It appears that the molecular signature, meaning
Accelerating Scientific Applications on Heterogeneous Systems with HybridOMP

High Performance Computing relies on accelerators (such as GPGPUs) to achieve fast execution of scientific applications. Traditionally these accelerators have been programmed with specialized languages, such as CUDA or OpenCL. In recent years, OpenMP emerged as a promising alternative for supporting accelerators, providing advantages such as maintaining a single code base for the host and different accelerator types and providing a simple way to extend support for accelerators to existing code. Efficiently using this support requires solving several challenges, related to performance, work partitioning, and concurrent execution on multiple device types. In this paper, we discuss these challenges and introduce a library, HybridOMP, that addresses several of them, thus enabling the effective use of OpenMP for accelerators. We apply HybridOMP to a scientific application, PlasCom2, that has not previously been able to use accelerators. Experiments on three architectures show that HybridOMP results in performance gains of up to 10x compared to CPU-only execution. Concurrent execution on the host and GPU resulted in additional gains of up to 10% compared to running on the GPU only.
Vanadia Gel Synthesis via Peroxovanadate Precursors. 1. In Situ Laser Raman and 51V NMR Characterization of the Gelation Process

Vanadium oxide gels derived from aqueous solutions of V2O5 and H2O2 have been investigated using in situ 51V NMR and laser Raman spectroscopic techniques. On the basis of this characterization, a pathway for peroxovanadate decomposition has been proposed, including the presence of two peroxovanadate dimers. New Raman bands and assignments for these species are reported. Gelation was observed to begin both during and after the peroxovanadate decomposition, depending on the initial molar ratios of H2O2/V and the total concentration of vanadium. Experimental 51V NMR evidence suggested that the VO2+ species was directly involved in the formation of the gel.
Photonic crystal for graphene plasmons

Photonic crystals are commonly implemented in media with periodically varying optical properties. Photonic crystals enable exquisite control of light propagation in integrated optical circuits, and also emulate advanced physical concepts. However, common photonic crystals are unfit for in-operando on/off controls. We overcome this limitation and demonstrate a broadly tunable two-dimensional photonic crystal for surface plasmon polaritons. Our platform consists of a continuous graphene monolayer integrated in a back-gated platform with nano-structured gate insulators. Infrared nano-imaging reveals the formation of a photonic bandgap and strong modulation of the local plasmonic density of states that can be turned on/off or gradually tuned by the applied gate voltage. We also implement an artificial domain wall which supports highly confined one-dimensional plasmonic modes. Our electrostatically-tunable photonic crystals are derived from standard metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor technology and pave a way for practical on-chip light manipulation.
An AUC Target Simulation for Vancomycin in Patients With Class III Obesity

Objective:The objective of this simulation is to compare 24-hour vancomycin (Vanc24) dosage requirements between a target area under the curve (AUC) versus a target trough approach in patients with...
Imparting Superhydrophobicity with a Hierarchical Block Copolymer Coating

A robust and transparent silica-like coating that imparts superhydrophobicity to a surface through its hierarchical multilevel self-assembled structure is demonstrated. This approach involves iterative steps of spin-coating, annealing, and etching of polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer thin films to form a tailored multilayer nanoscale topographic pattern with a water contact angle up to 155°. A model based on the hierarchical topography is developed to calculate the wetting angle and optimize the superhydrophobicity, in agreement with the experimental trends, and explaining superhydrophobicity arising through the combination of roughness at different lengthscales. Additionally, the mechanical robustness and optically passive properties of the resulting hydrophobic surfaces are demonstrated.
Python GUI for a memory matching game: nifty assignment

This poster describes an assignment used by the author in a CS1/CS2 course. The assignment requires the students to develop a GUI interface for playing a memory matching game. The game is played with a deck of cards that contains identical pairs. The cards are dealt on a two dimensional board with number of rows and columns specified by the user. Initially, all the cards are displayed face up and the user tries to remember the cards and their locations on the board. Then, the user clicks a button to turn all the cards face down. After that, the user uses the mouse to click on a pair of cards to turn them face up. If the two cards match, they are left face up. Otherwise, the user can click on one or both cards to turn them face down. The aim of the game is to guess all the identical pairs of cards in as few trials as possible. A complete description of the assignment is provided at the url http://courses.missouristate.edu/JamilSaquer/CSC131/HOMEWORK/NA_CCSC16_GUI_MMG.html. The assignment is developed in two stages. In the first stage, students develop an object oriented terminal-based solution. This requires students to write code for a card class, deck class, and game class. The game class contains a play method to manage the interaction with the user and to play a complete game. This part of the assignment also requires students to work with two dimensional lists1 and random numbers. In the second stage, students develop a GUI interface for playing the game. This part requires minimal change for the card class to associate cards with image files and no change for the deck class. The game class is replaced by a class for developing the GUI. Text fields (called Entry components in Python) are used so that the user can enter number of rows and columns for the game. Labels are used to show card images. The play method from stage one is replaced by methods to respond to user generated events such as mouse clicks on cards to flip the cards face up and face down. A button is used to start the game where the number of rows and columns specified by the user are read, validated, and the desired number of cards are displayed on the GUI. Another button is used to flip all the cards face down. Event handlers are written to respond to mouse and button clicks. The majority of students liked the assignment and was able to develop the GUI interface. Some students had difficulty writing the code for the play method in stage one of the assignment and some of the event handlers in stage two of the assignment. Using Python with tkinter made developing the assignment appropriate for students in a CS1/CS2 class2. The assignment can also be given in a Java course or web programming course using HTML and JavaScript.
A Structured Compensation Plan Results in Equitable Physician Compensation: A Single-Center Analysis

Abstract Objective To assess adherence to and individual or systematic deviations from predicted physician compensation by gender or race/ethnicity at a large academic medical center that uses a salary-only structured compensation model incorporating national benchmarks and clear standardized pay steps and increments. Participants and Methods All permanent staff physicians employed at Mayo Clinic medical practices in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida who served in clinical roles as of January 2017. Each physician's pay, demographics, specialty, full-time equivalent status, benchmark pay for the specialty, leadership role(s), and other factors that may influence compensation within the plan were collected and analyzed. For each individual, the natural log of pay was used to determine predicted pay and 95% CI based on the structured compensation plan, compared with their actual salary. Results Among 2845 physicians (861 women, 722 nonwhites), pay equity was affirmed in 96% (n=2730). Of the 80 physicians (2.8%) with higher and 35 (1.2%) with lower than predicted pay, there was no interaction with gender or race/ethnicity. More men (31.4%; 623 of 1984) than women (15.9%; 137 of 861) held or had held a compensable leadership position. More men (34.7%; 688 of 1984) than women (20.5%; 177 of 861) were represented in the most highly compensated specialties. Conclusion A structured compensation model was successfully applied to all physicians at a multisite large academic medical system and resulted in pay equity. However, achieving overall gender pay equality will only be fully realized when women achieve parity in the ranks of the most highly compensated specialties and in leadership roles.
System dynamics modeling approach to quantify change orders impact on labor productivity 1: principles and model development comparative study

In construction projects, change orders are commonly issued by the owner and may cause interruption to the contractor’s work, resulting in loss of labor productivity, delay, and cost overruns, whic...
Nurturing the Generation and Exploration of Mathematical Conjectures with Preservice Teachers: An Example with a Perimeters Task.

Generating mathematical conjectures is an important mathematical habit of mind for preservice teachers to develop so that they can, in turn, help their students to develop this skill. In this paper we present a classroom episode in which preservice mathematics teachers experience conjecturing in the context of a rich, open-ended task. They also reflect, throughout the task, on how they might nurture the generation and exploration of mathematical conjectures with their own students.
Essential Competencies Needed for Future Respiratory Care Managers

Background: Similar to most healthcare providers, many respiratory therapists are wanting to advance into leadership roles. However, there are not clear guidelines on what competencies are most desired for future respiratory care managers. The aim of this study was to determine what competencies and education are most desired for future respiratory care managers. Methods: Survey Monkey was used to conduct an online survey for this study, exempt by A.T. Still University IRB. The sample was recruited by the Texas Society for Respiratory Care and clinical affiliates of Midwestern State University. The on-line survey was replicated with modifications from a previous survey. Upon completion of modifications the survey was pilot tested with various peers in respiratory care and past respiratory care directors. The survey was used with permission granted from Robert M. Kacmarek. The quantitative data were analyzed and consisted of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Responses were separated based on positions held by participants then further divided into groups of small and large hospital sizes. Hospitals were separated into small sized, less than or equal to 299 beds, and large sized, 300 or more beds. Independent t-tests were used to determine whether there was a difference in the competencies and qualities desired for future respiratory therapy managers between small and large hospitals. A two-tailed test was considered statistically significant with a P -value less than .05. The open-ended questions were also analyzed to determine if common themes existed. Results: Forty-seven responses were received and all responses were used for the study. The desired education for future managers was a baccalaureate degree (63%) and the recommended education level was also a baccalaureate degree (65%). The most desired skill competencies are patient assessment (92%) and critical care (92%). The most desired leadership competencies are team contribution (89%) and written and verbal communication (89%). The desired competencies did not vary much across facility sizes. Conclusions: The facility size does not really affect the desired competencies for future respiratory managers. The majority of the participants selected a baccalaureate degree as the preferred level of education because it shows the desire for advanced knowledge. The skill and leadership competencies selected appear to be desired to improve patient care and team dynamics. Disclosures: None.
Explainable Link Prediction for Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing.

Contact Tracing has been used to identify people who were in close proximity to those infected with SARS-Cov2 coronavirus. A number of digital contract tracing applications have been introduced to facilitate or complement physical contact tracing. However, there are a number of privacy issues in the implementation of contract tracing applications, which make people reluctant to install or update their infection status on these applications. In this concept paper, we present ideas from Graph Neural Networks and explainability, that could improve trust in these applications, and encourage adoption by people.
Vivir En Cronicidad: Terminal Living through Cuban Cancer Vaccines

I examine in this article a movement in Cuba known as cronicidad (chronicity), to reimagine advanced cancer as a normal social experience. In Cuba, cronicidad is particularly visible through treatments called therapeutic vaccines designed to slow the growth of tumors. I explore how cronicidad becomes possible through the Cuban socialist integration of biotechnology and public health. Drawing from interviews with and observations of Cuban cancer researchers and clinicians involved with a novel lung cancer vaccine, I argue that cronicidad differs from chronicity as an area of anthropological inquiry in its emplacement of advanced cancer within routine care in Cuba's socialist biomedical system.Examino un movimiento en Cuba para re-imaginar cancer avanzado como una experiencia normal conocido como cronicidad. En Cuba, cronicidad es particularmente visible por tratamientos denominados vacunas terapeuticas disenadas para retardar el crecimiento de tumores. Exploro como cronicidad se pone posible por la integracion de biotecnologia y salud publica del sistema socialista cubana. Partiendo de entrevistas y observaciones de investigadores y clinicos cubanos involucrados en el uso de una vacuna novedosa contra cancer, sostengo que la cronicidad difiere de las discusiones de enfermedades cronicas analizados dentro de antropologia en su colocacion de cancer avanzado dentro de cuidado rutina en el sistema de salud en Cuba.
Framing Student and Faculty Stress in Education: A Proposed Science Analogy

Chemistry teachers have long used analogies that relate chemical topics (a target) to more commonly encountered situations (an analog) for helping students understand new ideas in chemistry. This rich teaching strategy has been widely used and reported but has been a unidirectional activity. Chemists seek nonchemical analogies to help students visualize a new concept. It can be argued that, with consideration for a group of chemistry educators, shared chemistry knowledge can be used as the analog to consider nonchemistry experiences associated with teaching the subject. With this premise in mind, a way to frame an understanding of the role of stress in teaching and learning chemistry in the present time is proposed.
Characteristics and comorbidities of veterans treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone.

e17022Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common male malignancy and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in males worldwide. Enzalutamide (ENZ) and Abiraterone (AA) are us...
The Domain of Social Dysfunction in Complex Depressive Disorders

Depressive disorders have a major impact on social functioning. In uncomplicated, episodic depression (i.e., major depressive disorder), transient symptoms of social withdrawal and loss of interest in activities are common functional impairments. However, in more complex forms of depression, social dysfunction can be chronic and pervasive, often leading to more severe and intractable functional impairments. This chapter presents a scoping review of the empirical literature that examines the impact of complex depression on five domains of social functioning: occupational functioning, romantic and sexual relationships, leisure activities, affiliation and attachment, and social support networks. Two case studies are presented that illustrate social dysfunction in two predominant forms of complex depression: chronic depressive disorders (CDD) and depression with personality disorder (DPD). These two forms of complicated depression encompass a range of complex depressive disorders as CDD focuses on persistent and non-remitting forms of depression (including dysthymia, pervasive depressive disorder, depressive personality disorder, and double depression), while DPD relates to episodic depression in the presence of co-occurring personality pathology. The limitations of included studies and the need for treatment development (e.g., lack of treatment studies, need for a focus on social dysfunction as a treatment target) for further investigation are discussed.
Outcomes of cardiogenic shock with autoimmune rheumatological disorders.

AIMS Data on cardiogenic shock (CS) in autoimmune diseases (AID) is limited. Our study aims to evaluate in-hospital outcomes of CS in hospitalized patients with underlying AID compared with patients without AID. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database years 2011-17 was used to identify hospitalizations for CS. We retrospectively compared in-hospital outcomes of CS in patients with underlying AID versus non-AID. RESULTS Of 863,239 patients diagnosed with CS, 23,127 (2.7%) had underlying AID. The AID population was older with more women and African American patients (P < 0.001 for all). There was a significant increase in in-hospital mortality in patients with AID vs non-AID that persisted after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, insurance, socioeconomic status and hospital characteristics (38.3% vs 36.3%, aOR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09, P = 0.001). Patients with AID had a lower rate of respiratory complications (11.5% vs 13.1%), acute stroke (6.0% vs 6.8%), use of mechanical circulatory support (12.0% vs 14.5%) and discharge to an outside facility (29.1% vs 28.8%) (P ≤ 0.001 for all). Using multivariable logistic regression, we identified female gender, Native American ethnicity, heart failure, coagulopathy, pulmonary circulation disorders, metastatic cancer, and fluid and electrolytes disorders as independent predictors of mortality in patients with AID who were diagnosed with CS. CONCLUSION Patients with AID hospitalized with CS have increased mortality which may be related to their underlying disease process and lack of effective disease-directed therapy for CS related to AID.
Characteristics and Behavior of Plasma Membranes

DR. HYDE: I want to review briefly three topics that in my judgment are relevant to muscular dystrophy studies and persons involved in these studies using ESR spectroscopy. These topics are: (1) the positions of rotational diffusion of membrane constituents in lipid bilayers; (.2) the behavior of oxygen in lipid bilayers and the ways in which it can interfere with ESR spin-label measurements; and (3) a review of some recent ESR instrumental approaches that might be useful in investigations of membranes.
The effect of using frontal shoe orthotics and plyometric training on selected functional measurements in junior high school football players

Plyometric training incorporates quick powerful movements involving an active pre-stretching (eccentric muscle contraction) prior to concentric contraction. It has been claimed that the effect of plyometric training could be enhanced using a frontal shoe orthotic due to increased overload created by this appliance. However, no study to date has examined this claim. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the use of the Jumpsole, a frontal shoe orthotic, will enhance the effect of plyometric training on vertical jump, 40 yard dash time, and calf circumference. Thirty five healthy eighth and ninth grade males participating on the same junior high school football team volunteered to participate in this study. A stratified sampling technique was used to ensure similarity on a weight and position basis between a control group (18 males) and experimental group (17 males). The control group completed the 6-week training program without the Jumpsole shoe orthotic. The 6-week training program consisted of 45 min to 1 h sessions performed bi-weekly utilizing acceleration activity, skipping, lateral cone hops, bounding, jump rope, and depth (box) jumps. Vertical jump, 40 yard dash time, and calf circumference were measured before and after the 6 weeks of training. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor and appropriate follow-up repeated measures univariate analyses revealed that the only significant difference occurred between the pre-test and post-test (irrespective of influence of whether the subjects were in the experimental group or the control group) for the dependent variable vertical jump. These results indicate that, although the plyometric training program was effective for enhancing vertical jump, the training program did not improve speed of running or size of calf muscle. Additionally, the use of the frontal shoe orthotic in an attempt to enhance the plyometric training program was not effective.
Fundamentals of Received Signal Strength-Based Position Location

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Motivation Sources of Location Error and Mitigation Techniques Using RSS for Position Location Geometric Interpretations of RSS/DRSS Positioning Location Estimators Performance Evaluation Conclusion References
Infrastructure finance in developing countries— the potential of sub-sovereign bonds

This paper sets out to explore the potential of sub-sovereign bonds in financing infrastructure in developing countries. Taking into account the historical experience of the US, it develops a supply and demand side framework for analysis of the market for sub-sovereign bonded debt in developing countries and applies this framework to Mexico, India and South Africa. Finally, it draws lessons for countries seeking to promote markets for sub-sovereign bonds. Evidence suggests that the regulatory environment, a diversified financial sector and increased capacity for debt support and management matter most for the development of the sub-sovereign bond market.
Energetics and structure of lang0 0 1rang tilt grain boundaries in SiC

We have developed a scheme, based on molecular dynamics, that allows finding minimum energy structures of grain boundaries (GBs) with relatively large cell of non-identical displacements. This scheme has been used to study symmetric 0?0?1 tilt GBs in cubic SiC. We analyze atomic configurations of dislocation cores found in low-angle GBs and we report structural units found in high-angle GBs. In contrast to what had been previously assumed we find that the lowest energy structures often do not favor perfect coordination of GB atoms and that most of the analyzed GBs contain 6- and 7-atom rings. We tested the applicability of existing empirical potentials to studies of high-symmetry GB structures in SiC and we found the Tersoff potential to be most appropriate. Knowledge of detailed atomic structures of GBs is essential for future studies of GB-controlled phenomena in SiC, such as diffusion of metallic fission product through this material or GB strengthening.
13C metabolic flux analysis at a genome-scale

Metabolic models used in 13C metabolic flux analysis generally include a limited number of reactions primarily from central metabolism. They typically omit degradation pathways, complete cofactor balances, and atom transition contributions for reactions outside central metabolism. This study addresses the impact on prediction fidelity of scaling-up mapping models to a genome-scale. The core mapping model employed in this study accounts for (75 reactions and 65 metabolites) primarily from central metabolism. The genome-scale metabolic mapping model (GSMM) (697 reaction and 595 metabolites) is constructed using as a basis the iAF1260 model upon eliminating reactions guaranteed not to carry flux based on growth and fermentation data for a minimal glucose growth medium. Labeling data for 17 amino acid fragments obtained from cells fed with glucose labeled at the second carbon was used to obtain fluxes and ranges. Metabolic fluxes and confidence intervals are estimated, for both core and genome-scale mapping models, by minimizing the sum of square of differences between predicted and experimentally measured labeling patterns using the EMU decomposition algorithm. Overall, we find that both topology and estimated values of the metabolic fluxes remain largely consistent between core and GSM model. Stepping up to a genome-scale mapping model leads to wider flux inference ranges for 20 key reactions present in the core model. The glycolysis flux range doubles due to the possibility of active gluconeogenesis, the TCA flux range expanded by 80% due to the availability of a bypass through arginine consistent with labeling data, and the transhydrogenase reaction flux was essentially unresolved due to the presence of as many as five routes for the inter-conversion of NADPH to NADH afforded by the genome-scale model. By globally accounting for ATP demands in the GSMM model the unused ATP decreased drastically with the lower bound matching the maintenance ATP requirement. A non-zero flux for the arginine degradation pathway was identified to meet biomass precursor demands as detailed in the iAF1260 model. Inferred ranges for 81% of the reactions in the genome-scale metabolic (GSM) model varied less than one-tenth of the basis glucose uptake rate (95% confidence test). This is because as many as 411 reactions in the GSM are growth coupled meaning that the single measurement of biomass formation rate locks the reaction flux values. This implies that accurate biomass formation rate and composition are critical for resolving metabolic fluxes away from central metabolism and suggests the importance of biomass composition (re)assessment under different genetic and environmental backgrounds. In addition, the loss of information associated with mapping fluxes from MFA on a core model to a GSM model is quantified.
Bend Stress Relaxation and Tensile Primary Creep of a Polycrystalline α-SiC Fiber

Understanding the thermomechanical behavior (creep and stress relaxation) of ceramic fibers is of both practical and basic interest. On the practical level, ceramic fibers are the reinforcement for ceramic matrix composites which are being developed for use in high temperature applications. Some uses of structural ceramic matrix composites require that the continuous ceramic fibers display creep strain tolerances of less than 1% and sometimes as low as 0.1% for long time service (Dicarlo, 1994). For this reason it is important to understand and model the total creep of fibers at low strain levels where creep is predominantly in the primary stage. In addition, there are many applications where the component will only be subjected to thermal strains. Therefore, the stress relaxation of composite consituents in such circumstances will be an important factor in composite design and performance controlling for example, the distribution of residual stress.
Fast Database Generation for Parachute Cluster Using Navier–Stokes Equations on Supercomputers

A fast procedure to simulate the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a parachute cluster in the vicinity of a capsule is presented. This problem is modeled using a well-validated flow solver, which solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for steady and unsteady compressible/incompressible flows around general geometries using an overset grid approach. Results are validated using comparisons with classical theory and experiments. The fast generation of a large aerodynamic database is accomplished using the dual-level parallel protocol on a massively parallel supercomputer. Results are demonstrated by generating aerodynamic response surfaces for steady and unsteady cases.
Chain Conditions for Subgroups of Infinite Order or Index

Abstract A group G is said to satisfy max-∞ if each nonempty set of infinite subgroups of G has a maximal element. A group G is said to satisfy min-∞ if each nonempty set of subgroups of G with infinite index has at least one minimal element. Groups with max-∞ or min-∞ are the subject of this paper. Abelian, nilpotent, and solvable groups with max-∞ or min-∞ are examined in detail and structure theorems are given in each case. We then characterize the groups with max-∞ or min-∞ in the smallest class of groups containing all linear groups which is locally closed and closed with respect to the formation of ascending series with factors in the class.
Random Walks on Dihedral Groups

In this paper, we look at the lower bounds of two specific random walks on the dihedral group. The first theorem discusses a random walk generated with equal probabilities by one rotation and one flip. We show that roughly p2 steps are necessary for the walk to become close to uniformly distributed on all of D2p where p≥3 is an integer. Next we take a random walk on the dihedral group generated by a random k-subset of the dihedral group. The latter theorem shows that it is necessary to take roughly p2/(k−1) steps in the typical random walk to become close to uniformly distributed on all of D2p. We note that there is at least one rotation and one flip in the k-subset, or the random walk generated by this subset has periodicity problems or will not generate all of D2p.
Correlates of attitudes toward personal aging in older assisted living residents.

This study explored factors contributing to older adults’ self-perceptions about their own aging in assisted living (AL) communities. Data analysis was completed based on interviews with 150 older residents from 17 AL communities. Multiple regression analyses found that functional disability and hearing impairment negatively affected attitudes toward personal aging among AL residents, and satisfaction with social support positively influenced attitudes. Health perception mediated attitudes toward personal aging. Findings suggest the importance of social workers helping older AL residents recognize social support as a means of promoting their positive self-regard.
A system for convenient combustion preparation of tritiated biological samples for scintillation analysis

Abstract A combustion system is described which makes possible the routine preparation of large numbers of biological samples for scintillation counting. The system accepts a variety of sample materials, and a method is provided for evaporating tissue homogenate in gelatin or plastic capsules. An operator drops a capsule in the furnace and collects the combustion products in scintillation solvent, ready for counting, at a rate of 1 sample every 3 min. The system accepts samples of at least 500 mg, limited by solvent capacity for water. A favorable comparison with the oxygen flask method is shown and there is minimum carryover of activity in successive samples. The method has a collection recovery of 96%, is calibrated by internal standards, and shows a coefficient of variation of 2.9%.
An Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) Affinity-Enhancing Domain Localized within Extracytoplasmic Repeat 13 of the IGF-II/Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and phosphomannosylated glycoproteins bind to distinct sites on the same receptor, the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF2R). Analysis of truncated receptors (minireceptors) has been used to map the IGF-II binding site within the receptor’s extracytoplasmic domain, which consists of 15 homologous repeats. A minireceptor consisting of repeat 11 contained the minimal elements for binding IGF-II, but with 5- to 10-fold lower relative binding affinity than the full-length receptor. We hypothesized that the complete, high-affinity IGF-II binding site is formed by interaction between the primary site in repeat 11 and a putative affinity-enhancing domain. To determine the minimum portion of the IGF2R’s extracytoplasmic domain needed for expression of high-affinity IGF-II binding, a nested set of FLAG epitope-tagged minireceptors encompassing repeats 11 through 15 was prepared and transiently expressed in 293T cells. Minireceptors containing repeats 11–13 or 11–15 exhi...
A comparison of the accuracy and reproducibility of digital three-dimensional coronary artery reconstructions using edge detection or videodensitometry

Global quantitative three-dimensional measurements of coronary arteries may be helpful in determining the functional significance of various forms of coronary pathology. A computerized system has been developed that is capable of performing 3-D reconstruction of digitized images obtained from multiple coronary angiographic views using either automated edge detection (AED) or videodensitometric (VD) techniques. To compare the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements obtained from this system using either technique, stationary and moving coronary aluminum 3-D phantoms, each with 13 branches (diameter 0.58-6.35 mm, length 21.5-64.5 mm), were imaged and reconstructed 10 separate times each. Individual branch lengths and diameters were calculated and compared to each other and to known values. Diameter measurements were compared using either AED or VD. Intraclass correlation coefficients between observed values (ICC) for vessel length were r = 0.89 for the stationary and r = 0.97 for the moving phantom. ICCs for vessel diameter were r = 0.93 (AED) and r = 0.95 (VD) for the stationary and r = 0.98 (AED) and r = 0.97 (VD) for the moving phantom. Mean differences (+/-SD) between true and observed values [MDTO(+/-SD)] for vessel length were -1.0 +/- 3.9 mm for the stationary and -3.5 +/- 3.2 mm for the moving phantom. MDTO(+/-SD) for vessel diameter were -0.10 +/- 0.52 mm (AED) and +0.03 +/- 0.30 mm (VD) for the stationary and -0.21 +/- 0. 44 mm (AED) and -0.12 +/- 0.33 (VD) for the moving phantom. We conclude that the quantitative accuracy and reproducibility of measurements obtained by computerized 3-D reconstruction of coronary model phantoms is of high enough quality to warrant further clinical evaluation. VD appears to be more accurate than AED for measuring vessel diameter.
DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF PETROLEUM CARBON DEPOSITS ON METAL SURFACES

The dynamics of carbon deposit formation, using samples of petroleum pitch with different contents of carboids, was investigated. The original pitch was obtained by thermal polymerization of pyrolysis tar. The pitch was separated into maltene-asphaltene and carboid fractions by washing with hot toluene on a paper filter. After separation, the components were reblended in order to obtain model pitches with carboid contents of 6, 12, 20 and 25%. Experiments were performed in a thermostated drying oven at 270, 300, and 330/sup 0/C. Test results show that in order to reduce the severity of adhesive interaction of petroleum carbon with metal surfaces, the feed to the chamber should consist of a carbonized product with a high content of carboids.
Motivated teams: an inter‐cultural case

Explores a managerial philosophy which focusses on teamwork. Investigates how a simple yet sound belief in people takes shape on the ground and infiltrates all aspects of organizational activity. The context is a heavy truck assembly plant which is Swedish‐owned yet located in northern France. Outlines the novel processes of work organization employed in this complex multicultural setting. Although both European countries, Sweden and France, are, in key cultural terms, polar opposites, represents an example of a successful inter‐cultural business activity. Based on a series of semi‐structured interviews with senior management from both France and Sweden and considerable observation of activities on the shopfloor, looks at the nature of, and differences between, Swedish and French national cultures in an attempt to account for the success of the plant and the skill of its managers in overcoming potential cultural pitfalls and discusses the contributions made by each culture to the success story.
Biochemical analysis of bovine T cell antigens with workshop monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract The relative molecular weight (M r ) of the CD1, CD2, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD8 and additional molecules identified by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) submitted to the workshop was determined using 125 I surface-labelled leukocytes. Of 37 mAb precipitating lymphocyte surface molecules, 33 had M r correlating with their clusters of differentiation. Further, we were able to determine M r for three “undefined T lymphocyte” antibodies. Of the 20 mAb that did not precipitate a molecule from the surface of leukocytes, one was non-reactive as determined by flow microfluorimetry. The inability to precipitate a molecule from the remaining cells was probably due to lower affinities of those antibodies and conformational changes in the antigen(s) following lysis of the leukocytes.
An empirical investigation of owner–manager labor‐supply behavior

This paper uses data from the University of Michigan's Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine an owner–manager's labor-supply decision. Graphical analysis is used to motivate the central hypothesis tested, which is that the hourly wage paid to comparable hired managers is the marginal price of leisure to the owner–manager and will help determine his hours worked. The results suggest that this is an appropriate interpretation, with the average elasticity of hours-worked with respect to cost of comparable hired managerial services equal to + 0.23.
Factoring Finite Factor Rings

The most descriptive way to represent a finite Abelian group is as a direct product of cyclic groups. In this form, many important characteristics such as order, exponent, and rank are immediately evident. For instance, consider the group G of units of the ring of integers modulo 180. With this description of G, very little about its structure is readily apparent. On the other hand, if we are told that G is isomorphic to Z12 X Z2 X Z2 (see [9] or [11, p. 46]), then we may observe that G has order 48, exponent 12, and rank 3. More generally, one could ask for the structure of the group of units of any commutative ring R. When R is finite, we know from the Fundamental Theorem of Finite Abelian Groups the beautiful fact that the group of units of R, U(R), is isomorphic to a direct product of cyclic groups. So, it is natural to look for a method to express the group of units of any finite commutative ring as a direct product of cyclic groups. This problem has not been solved in general, but the solution to the special case in which R is a finite field is well known. In this case, U(R) is cyclic [8, p. 405]. Other familiar finite rings are those of the form R = F[x]/h(x)>, where F is a finite field and h(x) is a nonconstant polynomial in F[x]. For example, consider R = Z7[X]/((X + 4)8(X2 + 4)(X3 + 3)2). What is U(R) in this case? It turns out that a nice blend of elementary ring theory and group theory gives an algorithm which yields the answer:
Nonlinear optics and solid-state lasers: 2000

Progress in solid-state laser sources and the nonlinear frequency conversion of lasers has been impressive over the first forty years of their development. The paper reviews the progress with an emphasis on the interactions of the scientists and engineers involved in the work and the motivation for the research. This account, is highly personal and necessarily incomplete. The references cited point to the key results and to reviews of progress in nonlinear optics and solid-state laser sources and should assist those seeking to learn about the field as it developed.
Ethics, wisdom, and the mission of contemporary rhetoric the realization of human being

Every rhetoric of historic significance has its mission. Ethical and epistemological themes in contemporary rhetorical scholarship suggest that the mission of contemporary rhetoric is fundamentally humanistic, and thus the overriding end that ought to govern the generation and interpretation of pragmatic discourse is the illumination and affirmation of human nature.
Changes of attitude in fixed prosthodontic patients

The results of a survey that examined the perceptions and attitudes of patients who have completed fixed prosthodontic treatment were described. The data obtained in this survey confirm the clinical experiences of many restorative dentists. Most patients desire functional, comfortable, and particularly, esthetic restorations. They are sensitive to changes that occur when provisional restorations are replaced by definitive crowns and fixed partial dentures. Tooth preparation and impression procedures are perceived as the most unpleasant steps in the treatment process. On completion of treatment, patients recognize and appreciate its benefits. The data have implications for the overall treatment process. With an appreciation for the perceptions and attitudes of fixed prosthodontic patients, the restorative dentist is prepared more completely to provide satisfying restorations. Through increased awareness of patient expectations and experiences, restorations can be planned, made and placed in harmony with the hard and soft oral tissues, and in harmony with the patient's expectations as well.
Scalable model predictive control for multi-evaporator vapor compression systems

Multi-evaporator vapor compression systems (ME-VCSs) are becoming widely used to meet the cooling needs for multiple thermal loads via a single system. As the number of evaporators increases, the size of these systems can make a centralized control approach impractical and computationally expensive; thus, motivating a decentralized control design. Linear gray-box modeling techniques show that ME-VCSs have a distinct underlying structure between the actuators and dynamic states known as a block arrow structure (BAS). This structure captures the high degree of coupling found in ME-VCSs, which can lead to poor decentralized control performance. This paper presents a partially decentralized model predictive control strategy which directly considers the coupling in the system when making control decisions by exploiting the BAS. The gray-box modeling approach and the decentralized nature of this BAS control strategy prove scalable to n-evaporator systems. Through simulated case studies, it is shown that this BAS control strategy can approximate the performance of a centralized control approach for ME-VCSs while significantly reducing computational costs.
Large subgroups of small class in finite p-groups

Abstract Suppose p is a prime, P is a finite p-group, and A is an abelian subgroup of P. Does P possess a normal abelian subgroup of the same order as A? J. Alperin showed that the answer is negative in general, but affirmative under certain conditions. In [J. Alperin, G. Glauberman, J. Algebra 203 (1998) 533–566], using an idea from algebraic group theory, he and the author generalized this work under the restriction that A be elementary abelian, and obtained some related results for p-groups and nilpotent Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p. In this paper, we remove the restriction by extending the application of algebraic group theory. We also obtain generalizations to subgroups of small nilpotence class, not necessarily abelian, and to nilpotent Lie algebras over local rings.