cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination that one of two potential RNA-binding domains of the A protein component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex binds with high affinity to stem-loop II of U1 RNA.

Abstract Many RNA-associated proteins contain a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) consensus octamer encompassed by a conserved 80 amino acid sequence, which we have termed an RNA recognition motif (RRM). RRM family members contain either one (class I) or multiple (class II) copies of this motif. We report here that a class II component of the U1 small nuclear RNP (snRNP), the A protein of U1 snRNP (U1snRNP-A), contains two RRMs (RRM1 and -2), yet has only one binding domain (RRM1) that interacts specifically with stem-loop II of U1 RNA. Quantitative analysis of binding affinities of fragments of U1snRNP-A demonstrated that an 86-amino acid polypeptide was competent to bind to U1 RNA with an affinity comparable to that of the full-length protein (Kd approximately 80 nM). The carboxyl-terminal RRM2 of U1snRNP-A did not bind to U1 RNA and may recognize an unidentified heterologous RNA. We propose that class II proteins may function as bridges between RNA components of RNP complexes such as the spliceosome.
Elastic Constants of Strontium Titanate

The elastic constants ${c}_{11}$, ${c}_{12}$, and ${c}_{44}$ of single-crystal strontium titanate have been measured as a function of temperature from 300 to 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by determining the velocity of an ultrasonic wave. At 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the strontium titanate undergoes a phase transition to a tetragonal structure which causes a marked change of the elastic properties and the appearance of a domain structure, but does not cause a discontinuity of the dielectric constant. The phase transition is free of hysteresis. The dependence of the elastic properties on a dc electric field parallel to the velocity of sound propagation was measured and found independent of the dielectric properties. The implications of this result are discussed.
Perceptions of preparers, users and auditors regarding financial statement audits conducted by Big 4 accounting firms

This study includes the most diverse stakeholder population integrated into one research study regarding perceptions of financial statement audits conducted by Big 4 accounting firms. Whereas prior studies almost exclusively used either archival data or experiments to implicitly derive the stakeholders’ perceptions, this study employed focus groups with financial statement (1) preparers; (2) users consisting of bankers, financial analysts and non-professional investors; and (3) auditors to explicitly solicit perceptions regarding the financial statement audits conducted by Big 4 accounting firms. Some stakeholders opined that Big 4 audit quality has decreased because of the rush to hire staff because of increased Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX) work. However, stakeholders generally agreed that for organizations that are some combination of large, complex and/or multinational, the Big 4 accounting firms will be superior. For other organizations, second- and third-tier accounting firms will provide the same quality audit as the Big 4 firms. One factor as to why there are fewer differences between the firms is that many of the non-Big 4 auditors are Big 4 firm alumni. Regardless of whether a Big 4 audit is actually superior, the stakeholders generally agreed that the Big 4 audit has a cachet that has a monetary value in the financial marketplaces. In terms of differences between the Big 4 firms, the auditors believe there is little difference in how they interpret GAAP or GAAS because there is open communication between the Big 4 firms. Alternatively, the preparers have witnessed differences, particularly, in GAAP interpretations. However, both the auditors and the preparers generally agreed that interpretation differences are wider between Big 4 and non-Big 4 firms.
Spontaneous Lacquer Crack Lesions in the Retinopathy, Globe Enlarged (rge) Chick

Lacquer crack lesion (LCL), a complication of myopia in human patients, is characterized by loss of retinal pigment epithelium and breaks in Bruch's membrane. This report describes comparable lesions in the "retinopathy, globe enlarged" (rge) chick. Twenty-six birds, (nine rge/rge [affected], 12 rge/+ [carriers] and five +/+ [normal]), were examined ophthalmoscopically from hatching up to 336 days of age. Ophthalmoscopically detected fundus lesions were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Pale, linear fundus lesions were detected in both eyes of seven of the nine rge/rge chicks, from as early as 45 days of age. Histological and ultrastructural examination of four of the affected rge/rge chicks revealed areas of ruptured Bruch's membrane, with focal absence of retinal pigment epithelium. Fibroblasts covered the interface of the abnormal Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris. There was disorganization of overlying photoreceptor outer and inner segments, and thinning of inner and outer nuclear layers, while the rest of the inner retina appeared unaltered. The lesions present in rge chicks showed histological changes similar to those of LCLs described in human patients with pathological myopia. The formation of LCLs in rge chicks is probably due to stretching of Bruch's membrane secondary to abnormal globe enlargement, resulting in linear rupture of the membrane and associated changes. The rge chick may prove a useful model for human LCL formation.
Stress concentration phenomenon in graphite/epoxy composites: Tension/compression effects

In composite materials, fiber/fiber interaction and the resulting stress concentration phenomenon due to a fiber failure are crucial in determining the composite fracture behavior. A number of mathematical models have been developed for calculating the stress concentration factor (SCF) and predicting its dependence on the properties of the composite constituents. None of the existing models separately considers the case of tension and compression. This could be due to the force-balance approach used, which assumes the phenomenon to be the same in both cases. In this study, micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) was used to investigate the stress concentration phenomenon and measure experimentally the stress concentration factor in graphite/epoxy composites subjected to tensile and compressive stress. The results showed that the stress concentration in tension is different from that in compression. The radius of the zone of influence is much higher when the composite is under compressive stresses. The maximum SCF in both cases, however, was 1.5 ± 0.05, limited by the ability of the interface to transfer shear stresses. The difference in stress concentration is attributed primarily to the difference in the interfacial behavior of the composite under tension and compression. The results are discussed and explained from both fracture mechanics and energy viewpoints.
Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

Although significant strides have been made in recent years in treating HIV disease with new antiretroviral medications, the management of neurocognitive disorders continues to remain a challenge. This chapter provides an overview of the current epidemiology, neuropathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of the central nervous system complications of HIV infection.
Absorption current vs. charge voltage for industrial quality capacitors

Absorption current as a function of charge voltage has been measured on a population of industrial quality capacitors with the finding that above some charge voltage the absorption current starts to increase rapidly. Based on the nature of the measured absorption current vs. voltage, a mathematical procedure has been developed which provides a systematic method for defining this threshold voltage varies widely over the population. Possible reasons for this variation are discussed based on extensive dissection of capacitors and detailed knowledge of the production process.
Indolent mantle cell lymphoma

Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a more heterogeneous disease than originally recognized. Several groups have reported on a subgroup of patients with a less aggressive course than expected resulting in the term "indolent MCL". Unlike the recognized histologic variants, the definition of indolent mantle cell lymphoma is unclear, and patients with indolent MCL are often identified only after having undergone prolonged periods of observation. In this review, we will discuss clinical and biologic features and provide a framework for the approach in identifying patients with indolent MCL.
Hoodoo, Voodoo, and Conjure: A Handbook

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jeffrey E. Anderson Year: 2008 Pages: 200 Publisher: Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN: 978-0-313-34221-9 (hard cover). Prices: $55.00 USD(hard cover).
THE EFFECT OF ANTUITRIN-S ON THE THYMUS OF THE YOUNG ALBINO RAT

There is much evidence that the sex glands, through their hormones, exert an inhibitory effect on the growth of the thymus. For instance, it is well known that in the human the thymus begins involution about the time of puberty. In the guinea pig (1, 2), and in the rabbit (3), the involution of the thymus may be delayed by the removal of the gonad. Furthermore, the thymus is enlarged in status lymphaticus in man, and this is thought to be the result of insufficient functional activity of the adrenal and sex glands (3). Recently, it has also been shown that the thymus enlarges on ovariectomy in mature rats (4). Moore (5) demonstrated in rats that antuitrin-S stimulates hormone secretion by the testes, and this hormone causes increased activity and growth of the accessory reproductive organs. It seems that hormone secretion, stimulated in the testes by antuitrin-S, should also cause involution
Anorexic Agents Aminorex, Fenfluramine, and Dexfenfluramine Inhibit Potassium Current in Rat Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cause Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

Background The appetite suppressant aminorex fumarate is thought to have caused an epidemic of pulmonary hypertension in Europe in the 1960s. More recently, pulmonary hypertension has been described in some patients taking other amphetamine-like, anorexic agents: fenfluramine and its d-isomer, dexfenfluramine. No mechanism has been demonstrated that might account for the association between anorexic drugs and pulmonary hypertension. Methods and Results Using the whole-cell, patch-clamp technique, we found that aminorex, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine inhibit potassium current in smooth muscle cells taken from the small resistance pulmonary arteries of the rat lung. Dexfenfluramine causes reversible membrane depolarization in these cells. These actions are similar to those of hypoxia, which initiates pulmonary vasoconstriction by inhibiting a potassium current in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. In the isolated, perfused rat lung, aminorex, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine induce a dose-related increa...
Early Stages of Film Formation During the Leaching of Radioactive Waste Glasses

The early stages of surface alteration-layer formation were examined during the leaching of some candidate radioactive waste glasses. The composition-depth profiles of the leached surfaces were obtained with sputter-induced photon spectroscopy (SIPS) and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). It was observed that the formation of multiple surface layers is a general feature of the glass dissolution process. The sequence of the layer compositions depends upon the order in which solubility limits are attained in solution, the adsorption or precipitation of insoluble hydrates at the glass/water interface, and subsequent incorporation of these insoluble hydrates behind the advancing reaction front. The boundary between the surface layer and bulk glass is sharp.
A Masked Two-Coordinate Cobalt(I) Complex That Activates C–F Bonds

We report the isolation, characterization, and reactions of the unsaturated complex L(tBu)Co (L(tBu) = bulky β-diketiminate ligand). The unusual slipped κN,η(6)-arene binding mode in L(tBu)Co interconverts rapidly and reversibly with the traditional κ(2)N,N' ligation mode upon binding of Lewis bases, making it a "masked" two-coordinate complex. The mechanism of this isomerization is demonstrated using kinetic studies. L(tBu)Co is a stable yet reactive synthon for low-coordinate cobalt(I) complexes and is capable of cleaving the C-F bond in fluorobenzene.
Effects of Pharmacologic Agents on Human and Canine Pulmonary Veins

Abstract The effect of several pharmacologic agents on isolated human and canine pulmonary vein strips suspended from a force transducer was tested. Serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine caused contraction in most segments tested. Digitoxin was found to induce contraction of the pulmonary vein segments after a variable latent period. Tolazoline and aminophylline caused relaxation in a large number of the veins tested, although relaxation of human vein strips in response to tolazoline was less consistent. This study adds to the knowledge of the reactivity of human pulmonary veins.
Effects of Repeated Readings and Nonrepetitive Strategies on Students' Fluency and Comprehension

Abstract This study examines the effects of repeated reading and assisted nonrepetitive strategies such as echo reading, cloze reading, and unison reading on reading rate, error rate, and comprehension. There are many repeated-reading studies with results demonstrating unproved fluency; however, the current study investigated the transfer effects of the previously mentioned procedures on both comprehension and fluency with sixth-grade Chapter I students. Results indicated equivalent benefits for repetitive and nonrepetitive methods, with significant comprehension improvement in a 7-week period.
Dynamic determination of the dimension of PCA calibration models using F‐statistics

Owing to experimental measurement errors, determination of the proper dimension of calibration models is difficult. Cross-validation is a common approach for this purpose; however, if data evaluation is based on PCA only without consideration of sample concentrations, this computationally expensive method cannot be applied. In this study a statistical method for determining the proper dimension of PCA calibration models is presented from the viewpoint of multivariate regression analysis considering only measured data. For this iterative algorithm, individual principal components are included stepwise in a reduced model, which is subsequently tested against the full model including all principal components. This algorithm can be individually applied for optimized data evaluation to every measured data vector such as an optical spectrum of chemical analyte. This comparison is performed by an F-test comparing estimates of residual variance of a measurement spectrum determined from the reduced and the full model. This approach determines a lack of fit due to insufficient principal components. If no lack of fit is evident for a certain reduced model, it is considered that a sufficiently large model has been found and inclusion of additional principal components is stopped. Hence the resulting reduced calibration model includes only statistically significant principal components (PCs) and determines the minimum number of required PCs for a given measurement spectrum. The proposed algorithm is initially investigated using simulated data and subsequently applied to three different experimental sets of spectra. It is shown that for synthetic data at reasonable noise levels the correct number of principal components can be determined in most cases. The experimental examples demonstrate that the number of principal components determined by the proposed algorithm is slightly larger than a user would select manually by subjective visual inspection. As one result, the algorithm is able to detect small but significant spectroscopic features of experimental data which would otherwise be neglected. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A thermodynamic formulation of hydrous cordierite

A thermodynamic formulation of hydrous Mg-cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18·nH2O) has been obtained by application of calorimetric and X-ray diffraction data for hydrous cordierite to the results of hydrothermal syntheses. The data include measurements of the molar heat capacity and enthalpy of hydration and the molar volume. The synthesis data are consistent with a thermodynamic formulation in which H2O mixes ideally on a single crystallographic site in hydrous cordierite. The standard molar Gibbs free energy of hydration is-9.5±1.0 kJ/mol (an average of 61 syntheses). The standard molar entropy of hydration derived from this value is-108±3 J/mol-K. An equation providing the H2O content of cordierite as a function of temperature and fugacity of H2O is as follows (n moles of H2O per formula unit, n<1): $$\begin{gathered}n = {{f_{{\text{ H}}_{\text{2}} O}^{\text{V}} } \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {{f_{{\text{ H}}_{\text{2}} O}^{\text{V}} } {\left( {f_{{\text{ H}}_{\text{2}} O}^{\text{V}} + {\text{exp}}\left[ { - {\text{3}}{\text{.8389}} - 5025.2\left( {\frac{1}{T} - \frac{1}{{298.15}}} \right)} \right.} \right.}}} \right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {f_{{\text{ H}}_{\text{2}} O}^{\text{V}} + {\text{exp}}\left[ { - {\text{3}}{\text{.8389}} - 5025.2\left( {\frac{1}{T} - \frac{1}{{298.15}}} \right)} \right.} \right.}} \hfill \\{\text{ }}\left. {\left. { - {\text{ln}}\left( {\frac{T}{{{\text{298}}{\text{.15}}}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{{298.15}}{T} - 1} \right)} \right]} \right) \hfill \\\end{gathered}$$ Application of this formulation to the breakdown reaction of Mg-cordierite to an assemblage of pyrope-sillimanite-quartz±H2O shows that cordierite is stabilized by 3 to 3.5 kbar under H2O-saturated conditions. The thermodynamic properties of H2O in cordierite are similar to those of liquid water, with a standard molar enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of hydration that are the same (within experimental uncertainty) as the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of vaporization. By contrast, most zeolites have Gibbs free energies of hydration two to four times more negative than the corresponding value for the vaporization of water.
Non-allosteric enzyme switches possess larger effector-induced changes in thermodynamic stability than their non-switch analogs.

The ability to regulate cellular protein activity offers a broad range of biotechnological and biomedical applications. Such protein regulation can be achieved by modulating the specific protein activity or through processes that regulate the amount of protein in the cell. We have previously demonstrated that the nonhomologous recombination of the genes encoding maltose binding protein (MBP) and TEM1 b-lactamase (BLA) can result in genes that confer maltose- dependent resistance to b-lactam antibiotics even though the encoded proteins are not allosteric enzymes. We showed that these phenotypic switches—named based on their conferral of a switching phenotype to cells—resulted from a specific interaction with maltose in the cell that increased the switches cellular accumulation. Since phenotypic switches represent an important class of engineered proteins for basic science and biotechnological applications in vivo, we sought to elucidate the phenomena behind the increased accumulation and switching properties. Here, we demonstrate the key role for the linker region between the two proteins. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that in the absence of their effector, some phenotypic switches possess an increased rate of unfolding, decreased conformational stability, and increased protease susceptibility. These factors alone or in combination serve to decrease cellular accumulation. The effector functions to increase cellular accumulation by alleviating one or more of these defects. This perspective on the mechanism for phenotypic switching will aid the development of design rules for switch construction for applications and inform the study of the regulatory mechanisms of natural cellular proteins.
Surfactant metabolism in SP-D gene-targeted mice

Mice with surfactant protein (SP)-D deficiency have three to four times more surfactant lipids in air spaces and lung tissue than control mice. We measured multiple aspects of surfactant metabolism...
The Prevalence of Diabetes in the Rural and Urban Polynesian Population of Western Samoa

Rural-urban comparisons of diabetes prevalence were made in the Polynesian population of Western Samoa. The prevalence of diabetes in the urban population was almost three times that in the rural (10.1% versus 3.6%). While the urban male and female subjects were significantly more obese than their rural counterparts, the difference in prevalence rate could not be wholly explained on this basis. Diabetes prevalence was still approximately double in urban subjects when we compared the rural and urban populations after removing the differences in obesity and age. The results suggest that, apart from age and obesity, other factors, e.g., differences in diet, physical activity, or stress (or a combination of these), may participate in the rural to urban difference in diabetes prevalence.
Tunable high-pass filter characteristics of a special MOS transistor

An especially designed epitaxial, metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor has been employed in a novel mode of operation in which the inherent characteristics of the device provide a high-pass filter-type response with insertion gain in the pass band. The low-frequency cutoff property is due to a nonequilibrium phenomenon controlled by the minority carrier generation rate in the channel. The cutoff frequency of this filter is tunable with the drain bias voltage in an exponential manner over a wide range; secondary ionization plays a dominant role in this mode of operation. The experimental results obtained with the N-channel silicon devices are presented and discussed in terms of the physical model of the device.
OXYGEN DEFICIENT CONDITIONS AND NITRATE REDUCTION IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN1

Oxygen concentrations in the oxygen-minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean arc at least an order of magnitude lower than previously reported. Concentrations of less than lpg-atom/liter are common throughout the region from below the pycnocline to depths of several hundred meters. In these nearly anoxic waters, nitrate appears to, be reduced to nitrite and free nitrogen. Nitrate deficits, derived from material balance calculations, suggest that up to 13-14 pug-atomsllitcr of nitrate-nitrogen have been so reduced. This is 40-50s of the nitrate normally present in this depth interval. Secondary nitrite concentrations rarely exceed 1.5 pug-atomsllitcr and arc generally associated with oxygen concentrations of less than 2 pg-atoms/liter. Ammonia concentrations appear to be slightly lower in the region of denitrification, probably because of bacterial assimilation. If the nitrate reduction rate observed in Darwin Bay in the Galapagos Islands were to apply as a rate of denitrification in the entire oxygen-minimum zone in the eastern tropical North Pacific, the annual loss of 920 x 10” g of combined nitrogen could bc expected. IIowevcr, considerations of environmental differences suggest that a figure somewhat less than a quarter of this amount is more probable.
Local and Scientific Perspectives on the Bamboo-Dominated Forest in Acre, Brazil: A Complementary Knowledge Base for Multiple-Use Forest Management

SUMMARY The sparse documentation of local knowledge of Guadua (Poaceae: Bambuseae)-dominated forests has hampered development of sound timber and multiple-use management plans for this forest type. The benefits and constraints of smallholder management systems were evaluated within the context of bamboo-dominated forests using available scientific literature, local knowledge in Acre, Brazil, and botanical survey data. Scientific literature on the subject pointed to numerous benefits of Guadua-dominated forests, including fertile soil for the cultivation of important agricultural crops, results corroborated by local forest managers. Interviews with local informants also substantiated that tree removal by logging crews has favoured bamboo expansion and increased fire risk—views that correspond with the scientific literature on anthropogenic disturbances in bamboo-dominated forests. Yet, these same informants identified the important role that this forest type plays in their broader land management strategie...
The division of polynomial matrices

A division of polynomial matrices is presented in this note. The polynomial matrices are written in the proper s -power expansion forms. Then, the division can be accomplished by equating the coefficient matrices of the polynomial matrices. The algorithm is iterative and easy to handle.
DFX via the Internet

The Internet offers tremendous potential for rapid development of mechanical products to meet global competition. In the past several years, a number of geometric algorithms have been developed to evaluate manufacturing properties such as feedability, fixturability, assemblability, etc. This class of algorithms is sometimes termed `DFX: Design for X'. One problem is that most of these algorithms are tailored to a particular CAD system and format and so have not been widely tested by industry. the World Wide Web may offer a solution: its simple interface language may become a de facto standard for the exchange of geometric data. In this preliminary paper we describe one model for remote analysis of CAD models that we believe holds promise for use in industry (e.g. during the design cycle) and in research (e.g. to encourage verification of results).© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluating the efficiency and temporal variation of pilot-scale constructed wetlands and steel slag phosphorus removing filters for treating dairy wastewater

The performance and temporal variation of three hybrid and three integrated, saturated flow, pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) were tested for treating dairy farm effluent. The three hybrid systems each consisted of two CWs in-series, with horizontal and vertical flow. Integrated systems consisted of a CW (horizontal and vertical flow) followed by a steel slag filter for removing phosphorus. Time series temporal semivariogram analyses of measured water parameters illustrated different treatment efficiencies existed over the course of one season. As a result, data were then divided into separate time period groups and CW systems were compared using ANOVA for parameter measurements within each distinct time period group. Both hybrid and integrated CWs were efficient in removing organics; however, hybrid systems had significantly higher performance ( p < 0.05) during peak vegetation growth. Compared to hybrid CWs, integrated CWs achieved significantly higher DRP reduction ( p< 0.05) throughout the period of investigation and higher ammonia reduction ( p < 0.05) in integrated CWs was observed in late summer. Geochemical modeling demonstrates hydroxyapatite and vivianite minerals forming on steel slag likely control the fate of phosphate ions given the reducing conditions prevalent in the system. The model also demonstrates how the wastewater:slag ratio can be adjusted to maximize phosphorus removal while staying at a near-neutral pH.
Enriching Basic and Acidic Rat Brain Proteins with IonExchange Mini Spin Columns Before Two-DimensionalGel Electrophoresis

Proteome analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) faces significant challenges because of the complexity of biological samples. However, the complexity of a protein sample can be reduced prior to 2-DGE by applying protein fractionation. Protein fractionation allows analysis of one protein subset at a time, thereby, increasing the load of proteins of interest, enriching low-abundance proteins, and increasing the resolution of protein spots on a 2-D gel. Here we describe an ion exchange chromatography based method--the use of anion or cation exchange (AEX or CEX) mini spin columns--for sample fractionation. Using rat brain tissues, we demonstrate that these mini spin columns provide an easy, convenient, and reproducible way of fractionating brain proteins to enrich basic or acidic proteins before 2-DGE.
Local Implementation of Stormwater Management Practices Pursuant to the Clean Water and Coastal Zone Management Acts

The legislative framework for controlling stormwater runoff emanates from two federal acts; the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Coastal Zone Management Act. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subjects point sources to direct, uniform and effective federal regulation, but leaves nonpoint sources to state control with largely passive and ineffective federal involvement. The structure of CZMA reflects congressional belief that management of the coastal zone is primarily a matter of managing land uses, and land use is the traditional province of the states and localities. As such, the federal statutory scheme for the regulation of nonpoint source water pollution places primary regulatory responsibility with states and municipalities because of the associated land use issues. Since the passage of the Clean Water Act and other environmental legislation of the 1970's, the quality of waters within the United States has improved dramatically. Despite this progress, however, nearly half of the Nation's waters are significantly degraded and the leading source of this impairment is polluted stormwater runoff. This paper will begin analysis of the problem with a brief discussion of the legislative context; comparing and contrasting the approaches to nonpoint source pollution pursuant to the CWA and CZMA, as each has been amended. For each Act, there will be an empirical discussion addressing how each statute is implemented at the state and local level. The crux of this paper is a case study which reveals the practical application of the relevant law. A residential development proposal is tracked from its initial application through the environmental review process. This provides a window into how issues of national concern are translated into local action.
You Have Discussed Lepers and Crooks. Sanism in Clinical Teaching

There is a robust clinical literature on how issues of race and gender may influence all aspects of the clinical setting: the relationship between student and client, the relationship between student and student, the relationship between student and clinical supervisor, the attitude of the fact-finder toward the clinical client. But there has been virtually no attention paid to the role of sanism in the clinical setting. Sanism is an irrational prejudice of the same quality and character as other irrational prejudices that cause and are reflected in prevailing social attitudes of racism, sexism, homophobia and ethnic bigotry. It permeates all aspects of mental disability law, and affects all participants in the mental disability law system: fact finders, counsel, expert and lay witnesses. Its corrosive effects have warped mental disability law jurisprudence in involuntary civil commitment law, in institutional law, in tort law, and in all aspects of the criminal trial process. Sanist myths exert especially great power over lawyers who represent persons with mental disabilities. The use of stereotypes, typification, and deindividualization inevitably means that sanist lawyers will trivialize both their clients' problems and the importance of any eventual solution to these problems. Sanist lawyers implicitly and explicitly question their clients' competence and credibility, a move that significantly impairs their advocacy efforts. These phenomena are especially troubling in the clinical setting, in which students are exposed for the first time to the skills that go to the heart of the lawyering process: interviewing, investigating, counseling and negotiating. All of these are difficult for us (and our students) to learn, but this difficulty is significantly increased when the client is a person with mental disability (or one so perceived). The difficulties can be further exacerbated when the clinical teacher - either overtly or covertly - expresses sanist thoughts or reifies sanist myths. And sanism problems continue at every "critical moment" of the clinical experience: the initial interview, case preparation, case conferences, planning litigation (or negotiation) strategy, trial preparation, trial and appeal. This paper will explore (1) the meaning of sanism, (2) the general impact of sanism on the representation of persons with mental disabilities, (3) the special problems faced when sanism infects the clinical teaching process, and (4) some tentative solutions to this dilemma.
Dirofilaria repens Manifesting as a Breast Nodule: Diagnostic Problems and Epidemiologic Considerations

Human dirofilarial infections characteristically manifest as pulmonary ‘coin’ lesions or as subcutaneous nodules. Reported is a case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria infection that first manifested as a painful breast nodule, necessitating excisional biopsy and frozen section interpretation to rule out incipient carcinoma. Histologic examination revealed a viable, adult female Dirofilaria repens , a nematode commonly found in dogs and cats throughout parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The patient, a Greek national, had been traveling in Greece and Italy within the previous 8 months. Dirofilariasis is seen infrequently in the United States, and when present is usually caused by the endemic species D. immitis or D. tenuis . Several other species also may infect humans but are rarely seen or may be misidentified as one of the more common species. Identification of Dirofilaria e from tissue sections is difficult, but knowledge of the parasite’s geographic distribution and the patient’s travel history are particularly helpful.
Sexual function and neuropeptide Y levels in selected brain regions in male spontaneously hypertensive rats

Sexual function was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from 8 to 20 wk of age and compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Long-Evans rats (LE). Blood pressures (evaluated indirectly) were elevated in SHR (185 +/- 2 and 195 +/- 3 mmHg at 16 and 19 wk of age, respectively) relative to WKY and LE (135-144 mmHg). SHR exhibited good copulatory behavior but displayed fewer erections (less than 20% of the number displayed by WKY or LE) in ex copula tests. At the conclusion of the study (20 wk of age), body weights were lowest in SHR, intermediate in WKY, and greatest in LE. Relative weights of testes were greater in SHR, whereas relative weights of accessory organs, pituitary and adrenal glands, and kidneys were equivalent across strains, as were circulating levels of aldosterone. Circulating levels of testosterone were higher in SHR and WKY than in LE. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in the median preoptic and arcuate nuclei were significantly greater in SHR than in WKY or LE, whereas NPY levels in the medial preoptic area and the suprachiasmatic, hypothalamic dorsomedial, and hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei were equivalent in SHR and WKY, with both greater than LE. No strain differences were evident in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the median eminence, the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, or the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus.
Abstract 2537: CDK4/6 inhibition synergizes with KRAS-MAPK pathway targeting in pancreatic cancer

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat due to its innate and acquired therapeutic resistance. Our hypothesis is that cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) mediates therapeutic resistance to targeting of the KRAS-MAPK pathway in PDAC. Experimental Procedure: We characterized the expression of total and phosphorylated Retinoblastoma (Rb) and MEK protein levels in KRAS wild-type (BxPC3) and KRAS mutant (PANC1, MiaPaca2) human PDAC cell lines at baseline and with MEK and CDK4 inhibition alone or in combination. We then assessed the effects of combined therapy on cell-cycle progression and tumorigenicity (in vitro and in vivo). Finally, using the Ptf1a cre/+;LSL-Kras G12D/+;Tgfbr2 flox/flox (PKT) mouse model of PDAC, we assessed the in vivo overall tumor growth and survival after combined treatment with CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors. Results: Rb functions as a tumor suppressor, and it is inactivated when phosphorylated by CDK4-Cyclin-D1. The CDK4/6 inhibitor (LEE011) effectively inhibits phosphorylation of Rb in cell lines regardless of KRAS mutational status. Combined inhibition of CDK4/6 and MEK (MEK162) decreased phosphorylation of RB and MAPK expression synergistically in the KRAS mutant cell lines, but not the KRAS wild-type BxPC3 cell line. Cell cycle progression was delayed effectively with MEK inhibition alone in the KRAS wild-type cell line, yet only combined CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition effectively delayed cell cycle progression in the KRAS mutant cell lines. Colony formation and invasion were also significantly decreased when Kras mutant cells were treated with combined CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition compared to all monotherapy and control groups. Finally, treatment of PKT mice resulted in a modest increase in OS with MEK inhibition alone, but mice receiving combined CDK4/6 and MEK inhibition exhibited a four-fold increase in OS. Conclusions: Combined inhibition of CDK4/6 and MEK results in significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy and prolonged survival in the aggressive PKT mouse model of PDAC. This study suggests that concurrent inhibition of CDK4/6 and MEK may be an effective treatment for PDAC. Citation Format: Jason A. Castellanos, Nagaraj Nagathihalli, Michael N. Van Saun, Cameron Kasmai, Yanhua Xiong, Nipun Merchant. CDK4/6 inhibition synergizes with KRAS-MAPK pathway targeting in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2537. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2537
Improve Gym Lighting save Energy Dollars

(1983). Improve Gym Lighting save Energy Dollars. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 27-29.
Interviewing Radical Elders

As a graduate student I researched a fascinating local woman, clearly important to history and dead only twenty years, but no one had bothered to interview her while she was alive. I could find documents and I could figure out the where and when, but I was interested in story. I was frustrated by its absence.1 Frustration turned to anger and anger finally into ambition: to interview people around me who were important to history before their stories died with them. As a peace and human rights activist myself, I have found inspiration and wisdom from my elders, so my interest has been primarily in interviews with activists. Activists, for the most part, spend their time organizing, not writing their memoirs. Too few of the ephemeral documents of activism-flyers and the like-make it into archives. Many of the decisions of activists are made verbally, at meetings without minutes or even over the telephone. Much of this history dies with the participants unless oral historians intervene. I now have several sets of taped interviews and a book manuscript based on the life of Julia Ruuttila, a labor journalist and labor, peace, and human rights activist in Oregon for over fifty years, and I co-produced a slide-tape/video on women who worked in the local shipyards during World War JJ.2 But it soon became clear to me that I could not interview all those deserving of attention on my own. I attempted to convince other activists to conduct interviews but discovered, though they possessed the enthusiasm and the background, they could not seem to make the time. Finally, Melissa Kesler Gilbert, of Portland State University (Psu), suggested I teach a class and use the students as interviewers. They would be compelled to do the work by their need for a grade. When I accepted her offer, my motivation was purely selfish: building the archive. I had not given much thought to how the students would be affected. One of the most rewarding aspects of oral history is the intimacy the situation creates between the participants. It is easy to understand how the elder activist is seduced by the attention, recognition, and opportunity to influence a young mind. But a good interview demands an intensity of listening that draws the interviewer into the magic as well. Most of my students form strong bonds with their narrators
Selective Gelatinase Inhibitor Neuroprotective Agents Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier

SB-3CT, a potent and selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, has shown efficacy in several animal models of neurological diseases. One of the greatest challenges in the development of therapeutics for neurological diseases is the inability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. A sensitive bioanalytical method based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography with multiple-reaction monitoring detection was developed to measure levels of SB-3CT, its active metabolite, the α-methyl analogue, and its p-hydroxy metabolite in plasma and brain. The compounds are rapidly absorbed and are readily distributed to the brain. The pharmacokinetic properties of these gelatinase inhibitors and the efficacy shown by SB-3CT in animal models of stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spinal cord injury indicate that this class of compounds holds considerable promise in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.
Chemical patterning of ultrathin polymer films by direct-write multiphoton lithography

We applied 2-photon laser ablation to write subdiffraction nanoscale chemical patterns into ultrathin polymer films under ambient conditions. Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate brush layers were prepared on quartz substrates via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization and ablated to expose the underlying substrate using the nonlinear 2-photon absorbance of a frequency-doubled Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser. Single-shot ablation thresholds of polymer films were ∼1.5 times smaller than that of a quartz substrate, which allowed patterning of nanoscale features without damage to the underlying substrate. At a 1/e2 laser spot diameter of 0.86 μm, the features of exposed substrate approached ∼80 nm, well below the diffraction limit for 400 nm light. Ablated features were chemically distinct and amenable to chemical modification.
A Novel Algorithm for Night Time Vehicle Detection Even with One Non-functional Taillight by CIOF (Color Inherited Optical Flow)

Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) is the first step towards achieving the dream of autonomous vehicle with a lot of re-usable building blocks. As far as the sensing of the environment is concerned in terms of object detection in night, ADAS needs to depend on tail and head light of vehicle due to partial or zero visibility of the vehicles. It is a challenge to implement ADAS in mid and low segment cars in developing countries like India as the traffic is far from ideal both in terms of minimum infrastructure available and abiding traffic rules. The current paper has addressed the aforementioned scenarios where even in absence of dual tail light and with partial visibility of vehicle, night time vehicles are detected. Color neighborhood correspondence between central bright blob and red halo is targeted as attributes and modified for optimization in terms of both accuracy and performance. Containment of vehicles even with one non-functional tail light has been determined through the non-divergent optical flow clustered hierarchically inherited from color maps. Technology disclosed in this paper is subject matter of pending patent application.
Strengthening the Nonproliferation Regime with Risk Acceptance Criteria

Although in the United States and worldwide, the acceptance of nuclear systems has been abundantly regulated from a safety standpoint, the regulation of the nonproliferation performance of these sy...
OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS IN SIMULATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses optimization problems in simulation. The optimization methods depend on the computer and the programming methods available. When it is necessary to resort to simulation, large numbers of random variables are used, typically in rather complicated ways. As this uses a great deal of computer time, optimization is clearly called for. If the sample size is large, there seems to be no alternate to computing F-1 of a uniform order statistic if only one case is wanted for the particular order statistic—this case is likely to be unusual. If the sample is not too large, the breakpoint being in the range 50 to 1000 depending again on the problem, a modification of one of the author's procedures is quite effective. If the density is logarithmically concave, so is the distribution of all order statistics and the methods for that type of distribution can be used. A very intricate and ingenious procedure can be derived for the exponential distribution, which requires micro-micro-programming to be effective.
New heightened reporting requirements for foreign financial activities: What every fiduciary should know about a decedent's unfulfilled compliance obligations

Given that reporting requirements for foreign transactions are at the highest level in history and the government’s own figures estimate that 98.7 percent of tax revenue lost to offshore sheltering is not recouped through Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) programs, it can be deduced that the vast majority of cross-border transactions remain undisclosed. This paper explores whether, upon the death of a taxpayer, his/her unfulfilled obligation to file certain information returns with respect to foreign financial activities survives him/her. To the extent that another taxpayer, as fiduciary, inherits the decedent’s burden to file delinquent information returns, this paper outlines the ambiguity regarding the statutory authority of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to collect the liability for related civil penalties personally against the fiduciary. While the IRS believes it has the authority to do so, this paper suggests otherwise. Through a factual scenario focused on Section 6048 of the Internal Revenue Code, this paper concludes that a taxpayer’s obligation to file information returns with respect to certain foreign financial activities survives him/her. The estate inherits this filing obligation as well as the liability for civil penalties due to the late filing. However, to the extent that the estate’s assets are prematurely distributed, there remains a genuine doubt about the IRS’s ability to use Section 6901 of the Internal Revenue Code in order to collect against a fiduciary, even in cases where the executor had notice of the claim before making a distribution. It is important to understand that this paper specifically discusses the authority of the IRS under Title 26 to collect certain penalties against fiduciaries. This paper does not suggest that the U.S. Government at large, through another agency or pursuant to the authority of another title of the US Code, would not have the authority to so collect.
Self-Employment and Labor Turnover in LDCs: Cross Country Evidence *

The paper uses cross-country data from Latin America and the OECD to test the predictions of a simple efficiency wage model (Krebs and Maloney 1998) about the share of employment in self-employment and the rate of labor turnover. It finds support for the model and finds numerous demographic, economic and labor market institutions to be important to determining both self-employment and turnover. After adjusting for these factors, Latin American labor markets appear neither especially rigid nor distorted although individual countries stand out as important exceptions.