cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative fibrinolytic therapy: Experimental evaluation

Abstract Percutaneous intra-arterial infusion of fibrinolytic agents has emerged as an alternative to embolectomy in selected patients with acute arterial occlusions. The combination of fibrinolytic therapy and embolectomy may be superior to either modality alone. This experiment was designed to determine safety and efficacy of intraoperative fibrinolytic therapy as an adjunct to catheter embolectomy. Forty hind limbs in 20 adult mongrel dogs were embolized with thrombus created in vitro. After 24 hours, bilateral transfemoral embolectomy was followed by an intra-arterial, intraoperative infusion. Fifteen limbs (control) received 250 ml of saline solution during a 30-minute period; 25 limbs (experimental) received an arterial infusion of 60,000 units of streptokinase during a 30-minute period (SK 30′). In five limbs of each group, 500 units of heparin (H) was added. In five experimental limbs the streptokinase infusion time was increased to 60 minutes (SK 60′). Arteriograms and blood flow measurements were obtained before and after embolectomy (PE) and after infusion (PI); the results were compared. Improvement between the PE and PI angiograms was seen in 20% (3 of 15 dogs) of control subjects. In contrast, improvement after the infusion was evident in 100% (5 of 5 dogs) of dogs given SK plus H 30′ (p
The impacts of spear and other recreational fishers on a small permanent Marine Protected Area and adjacent pulse fished area

Abstract I used shoreline creel surveys to quantify fishing activities in and around a small (0.34 km 2 ) Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Hawaii (Waikiki Marine Life Conservation District). Spear fishing and shoreline pole & line fishing (angling) were the dominant fishing activities at Waikiki. Spear fishing had a greater overall impact on reef fishes than shoreline pole & line fishing, accounting for 70% of the total reef fish harvest at Waikiki, despite accounting for only 25% of fishing activities observed. Fishing activities at Waikiki were unevenly distributed in space and time. The MPA experienced minor illegal fishing and was located between an area of high diurnal spear fishing effort and an area of generally low fishing effort. This pattern of fishing activities allows jacks and goatfishes to evade capture despite nightly excursions from the MPA into fished areas, and may partly explain why these fishes remain more abundant and larger inside the Waikiki MPA than in surrounding fished areas. Quantifying fishing activities at MPA sites can provide valuable insight into how these areas function, and this information can be used to improve MPA design and effectiveness.
Synthesis, In Vitro Binding, and Tissue Distribution of Radioiodinated 2-[125I]N-(N-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-Iodo Benzamide, 2-[125I]BP: A Potential σ Receptor Marker for Human Prostate Tumors

The preclinical evaluation of a sigma receptor-specific radiopharmaceutical that binds to human prostate tumor cells with a high affinity is described. We have synthesized and radioiodinated 2-[125I]-N-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-iodobenzamide (2-[125I]BP) that possesses high affinity for both sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor subtypes that are expressed on a variety of tumor cells. 2-IBP was synthesized, purified and characterized by routine spectroscopic and analytical methods. Radioiodination was accomplished using an oxidative iododestannylation reaction in the presence of chloramine T in high yields (76%-93%) with a very high-specific activity (1700-1900 Ci/mmol). The in vitro competition binding studies of 2-[125I]BP with various sigma receptor ligands in LnCAP human prostate tumor cells showed a dose-dependent saturable binding. The inhibition constants (Ki, nM) for binding of 2-[125I]BP to human prostate tumor cells for 4-IBP, haloperidol and 2-IBP were 4.09, 6.34 and 1.6 nM, respectively. The clearance of 2-[125I]BP, in Sprague-Dawley rats, was rapid from the blood pool, other normal tissues and the total body. Tissue distribution studies in nude mice bearing human prostate tumor (DU-145) also showed a fast clearance from normal organs. The tumor had the highest percentage of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) of all tissues at 4 h as well as 24 h (2.0 +/- 0.05 and 0.147 +/- 0.038 ID/g, respectively) postinjection. The in vivo receptor binding specificity was demonstrated using haloperidol (a known high-affinity sigma receptor ligand). A significant decrease (> 50%, p = 0.001) was observed in tumor concentration when haloperidol was used as a blocking agent. The high affinity of 2-[125I]BP for sgma receptor-binding sites, its fast in vivo clearance from normal organs and its high uptake and retention in tumor implies that 2-[123I]BP or 2-[131I]BP may be a promising tracer for noninvasive imaging of human prostate tumors.
Characteristics of β-adrenergic receptors in bovine corneal epithelium: Comparison of fresh tissue and cultured cells

The characteristics of the beta-adrenergic receptors in homogenates of fresh tissue and cultured bovine corneal epithelium were compared using [3H]dihydroalprenolol. High affinity, specific binding sites were observed in both preparations. Fresh tissue exhibited a higher binding site density (165 fmol/mg protein) than did cells in culture (57 fmol/mg protein). Studies with various beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists indicated that binding characteristics were typical of beta-adrenergic receptors, predominantly of the beta 2 subtype. These results demonstrate that beta-adrenergic receptors exist in both fresh and cultured bovine corneal epithelium and that these receptors are qualitatively and quantitatively similar.
3' UTR signals necessary for expression of the Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinete protein, Pgs28, share similarities with those of yeast and plants.

During metazoan development, 3′ UTR signals mediate the time and place of gene expression. For protozoan Plasmodium parasites, the formation of ookinetes from gametes in the mosquito midgut is an analogous developmental process. Previous studies of the 3′ UTR signals necessary for expression of Pgs28, the major surface protein of Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes, suggested that a 3′ UTR T-rich region and DNA sequences containing an ATTAAA eukaryotic polyadenylation consensus motif were necessary for its expression. During metazoan development, U-rich elements may function in conjunction with eukaryotic polyadenylation consensus signals to mediate developmental protein expression. To define whether the putative Plasmodium elements were mediators of Pgs28 expression mutations of these nucleotide sequences were made in plasmid constructs. The effect of the mutations on Pgs28 expression was tested by the transient gene transfection of sexual stage P. gallinaceum parasites. These studies reveal that two different mutations of the ATTAAA motif, which alter gene expression in higher eukaryotes and yeast, do not alter the expression of Pgs28. However, the U-rich element, adjacent nucleotides UUUACAAAAUUGUUUUAACU and downstream nucleotides UAUAUAAAA are able to mediate expression to varying degrees. The organization and overlapping function of these elements appears to more closely resemble that of yeasts or plants than those of metazoans.
Decision-Making and Ecosystem-Based Management: Applying the Vroom-Yetton Model to Public Participation Strategy

Abstract Previous literature has been critical of public participation practices, finding unimpressive application of public participation principles and low levels of public satisfaction. Ecosystem-based management generally involves mixed land ownerships, which adds considerable complexity to the planning process. This complexity increases both the importance of public participation and the difficulty of selecting appropriate public involvement mechanisms. To help solve the problem of choosing among public involvement mechanisms, the Vroom-Yetton model for selecting decision process options is reviewed and applied to ecosystem-based management. The model recommends a public decision process unless developing new alternatives is not possible, in which case segmented public consultation is recommended.
Technique of treatment of acute empyema thoracis

Summary This article discusses a form of treatment for acute empyema which I have used since my return from the war to the present date. The essence of the treatment has not been changed, although the technique has gradually been modified to that which I have just described. I have found it satisfactory, and I have not yet seen a case of chronic empyema develop in a patient in whom the tube has been left in place until the cavity was obliterated. The insertion of the tube is readily accomplished and practically as easy as a simple aspiration. It is true that the after treatment requires meticulous care and unless this is given the closed method of treatment will not be successful. Patients should be hospitalized and under the constant attention not only of a surgeon conversant with this form of treatment, but internes and nurses as well. During the early days of the treatment, particular watchfulness is necessary to guard against the stoppage of drainage due to mucous plugs, and the aspiration of air into the pleura from either a leak in the system or neglect in keeping the drainage tube under the fluid level. As the patient becomes stronger, the latter part of the treatment may be carried out in his home. The duration of the drainage varies, not only with individuals but especially with the seasonal differences in the type of infection. In certain years, the duration of drainage was six weeks; in others, two or three. During particular epidemics the pleural contents were so liquid that an open thoracotomy was unnecessary while in other years the contents contained so much fibrin that an open thoracotomy was performed to remove dense pleural pseudomembranes in at least a third of the patients. However, as I have said, the pseudomembrane having been removed and the intercostal incision immediately sutured, the closed method could then be carried out successfully. In these patients the duration of postoperative drainage was, as a rule, exceedingly short. Finally, it must be remembered that the one pitfall to be avoided above all others is that the drainage tube dare not be removed until the cavity has been completely obliterated.
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Differences in Disease Burden and Disparities in Physical Function in Older Adults

Objectives. We investigated whether a greater burden of disease among poorer individuals and ethnic minorities accounted for socioeconomic and racial disparities in self-reported physical functioning among older adults.Methods. We used data from adults aged 60 years or older (n = 5556) in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 to test associations between education level, poverty index, and race/ethnicity and limitations in 11 functions. We adjusted for demographic features and measures of disease burden (comorbid conditions, smoking, hemoglobin level, serum albumin level, knee pain, body mass index, and skeletal muscle index).Results. Associations between education and functional limitations were attenuated after adjustment, but those with 0–8 years of education were more likely than those with 13 or more years of education to have limitations in 3 functions. Poverty was associated with a higher likelihood of limitations despite adjustment. The likelihood of limitations amo...
Instantaneous Coefficients of Gear Tooth Friction

In a gear contact as simulated on a roller test machine, the instantaneous coefficient of friction follows the concept of transition from boundary to hydrodynamic lubrication. The coefficient has been found to increase with increasing load and to decrease with increasing sum velocity, sliding velocity, and oil viscosity as each of these quantities is varied individually. The viscosity was determined by the temperature of the oil entering contact and the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the lubricant. The results have been combined in a formula which closely represents the data. When this formula is used in gear scoring calculations, the same type of U-shaped load-speed curve is obtained as has been found on several gear test rigs. *Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the Lubrication Conference held in Boston, Massachusetts, October 17–19, 1960.
Screening cDNA expression libraries with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies using an amplified biotin-avidin-peroxidase technique.

Abstract A chromogenic method using biotinylated secondary antibodies and peroxidase-coupled avidin for screening cDNA expression libraries is described. This method offers increased sensitivity over peroxidase-coupled secondary antibodies and rapid processing of samples, and avoids preparation and handling of radioactive materials. All materials for the chromogenic assay are available commercially and the method offers a fast and easy way to screen λ and plasmid expression libraries with mono- and polyclonal antibodies.
Pseudo fracture of a defibrillating lead.

Routine follow-up chest X my of several patients with the Endotak™ transvenous pacing lead suggested fracture of the conductor at the distal end of the proximal defibrillating coil. Electrical evaluation of these patients' leads demonstrated them to be working normally. Multiple x-ray views of a new undamaged lead demonstrated that in some projections the Endotak lead may appear fractured in spite of normal continuity of the conductors. Physicians dealing with these patients should be aware of this confusing x-ray finding.
Ethnography of racial identities in Paris: public indicators of social hierarchy. A research note:

Those who are French by acquisition versus French by birth now represent a new challenge to French social stratification. Do social inequalities exist based upon cultural acquisition as opposed to birth? If so, are they increasing or decreasing? For the moment there is no way to answer these questions directly. The author conducted an ethnographic study in Parisian public spaces during the winter and spring of 2005. The central hypothesis is that social divisions can be observed and even measured in public spaces if representative social behaviors are recurring. The author described four patterns of deference in public spaces that people of color who are French by acquisition give to those who are self-identified French by birth. Suggestions were made of how these observations could be confirmed or not by others.
Phase I study of 17-allylamino-17 demethoxygeldanamycin, gemcitabine and/or cisplatin in patients with refractory solid tumors

Purpose: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and characterize the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of 17-AAG, gemcitabine and/or cisplatin. Levels of the proteins Hsp90, Hsp70 and ILK were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PMBC) lysates to assess the effects of 17-AAG. Experimental design: Phase I dose-escalating trial using a “3 + 3” design performed in patients with advanced solid tumors. Once the MTD of gemcitabine + 17-AAG + cisplatin was determined, dose escalation of 17-AAG with constant doses of gemcitabine and cisplatin was attempted. After significant hematologic toxicity occurred, the protocol was amended to evaluate three cohorts: gemcitabine and 17-AAG; 17-AAG and cisplatin; and gemcitabine, 17-AAG and cisplatin with modified dosing. Results: The 39 patients enrolled were evaluable for toxicity and response. The MTD for cohort A was 154 mg/m2 of 17-AAG, 750 mg/m2 of gemcitabine, and 40 mg/m2 of cisplatin. In cohort A, DLTs were observed at the higher dose level and included neutropenia, hyperbilirubinemia, dehydration, GGT elevation, hyponatremia, nausea, vomiting, and thrombocytopenia. The MTD for cohort C was 154 mg/m2 of 17-AAG and 750 mg/m2 of gemcitabine, with one DLT observed (alkaline phosphatase elevation) observed. In cohort C, DLTs of thrombocytopenia, fever and dyspnea were seen at the higher dose level. The remaining cohorts were closed to accrual due to toxicity. Six patients experienced partial responses. Mean Hsp90 levels were decreased and levels of Hsp70 were increased compared to baseline. Conclusions: 17-AAG in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin demonstrated antitumor activity, but significant hematologic toxicities were encountered. 17-AAG combined with gemcitabine is tolerable and has demonstrated evidence of activity at the MTD. The recommended phase II dose is defined as 154 mg/m2 of 17-AAG and 750 mg/m2 of gemcitabine, and is currently being investigated in phase II studies in ovarian and pancreatic cancers. There is no recommended phase II dose for the cisplatin-containing combinations.
Accurate neutralino relic density computations in supergravity models.

We investigate the question of the proper thermal averaging of neutralino annihilation amplitudes which possess poles and thresholds, as they impact on the calculated neutralino relic density and therefore on the cosmological viability of supersymmetric models. We focus on two typical resonances: namely, the [ital Z] boson and the lightest Higgs boson ([ital h]). In the context of supergravity models with radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, an exploration of the whole parameter space of the model is possible and the overall relevance of these sophisticated analyses can be ascertained. As an example we choose the minimal SU(5) supergravity model since the presence of such poles is essential to obtain a cosmologically acceptable model. We find that the proper thermal averaging is important for individual points in parameter space and that the fraction of cosmologically acceptable points is increased somewhat by the accurate procedure. However, qualitatively the new set of points is very similar to that obtained previously using the usual series approximations to the thermal average. We conclude that all phenomenological analyses based on the previously determined cosmologically allowed set remain valid.
Assessing information-seeking patterns and needs of nutrition, food science, and dietetics faculty

This research examines how faculty in academic nutrition, food science, and dietetics locate and access relevant information sources; what information service needs they perceive; which scholarly journals they consult regularly for current awareness; and which journals they use for research and teaching. An e-mail survey was conducted at a large urban public university offering graduate and undergraduate programs in the fields of nutrition, food science, and dietetics. Scholarly journals remain the most common and effective information source for academic nutrition and food science faculty. The PubMed database from the U.S. National Library of Medicine was identified as the main platform for accessing MEDLINE, the most frequently used database for scientific literature searching. The findings inform and support subject librarians in their collection-building decisions, enabling them to improve the services they currently offer to academic communities in these fields.
Intracellular recordings from chronic epileptogenic foci in the monkey.

Abstract Extracellular and intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons of chronic alumina epileptogenic foci in monkey cortex during focal epileptiform discharges. In 30 of 55 neurons alterations in the frequency of spike discharge occurre during interictal surface epileptiform waves. Intracellular recordings revealed that spontaneously occurring slow membrane depolarization and hyperpolarizations resembling augmented synaptic potentials were closely associated with surface epileptiform waves. Depolarizations generated bursts of spikes similar to those characteristically seen in extracellular recordings from the alumina focus. A few cells were primarily inhibited during each interictal surface discharge. No distinct abnormalities of synaptic or spike activities were noted in the impaled neurons. The discharge patterns of involved neurons were similar qualitatively to those of acute epileptogenic foci; however, the amplitude of surface epileptiform discharges and intracellularly slow membrane events were smaller and the proportion of neurons involved in epileptogenesis was lower in the chronic focus. These differences may result from the more diffuse nature of the chronic alumina focus. The intracellular data are discussed in relation to proposed mechanisms of burst generation in neurons of the chronic epileptogenic focus.
Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments.

Background, Aim, and Scope Lead (Pb) contamination at shooting range sites is increasingly under environmental concern. Controlling Pb leachability from shooting range soil media is an important step to minimize Pb exposure to the surrounding environment. This study investigated stabilization of Pb in shooting range soils treated with cement, quicklime, and phosphate.
Fetal aortic cholesterol concentration and metabolism: relationship to plasma cholesterol and potential role of placental factors.

The relationship of fetal plasma cholesterol levels to aortic free and esterified cholesterol concentration was determined in the rabbit during gestation. Plasma cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in early fetuses were markedly high and decreased at term. While aortic free cholesterol content increased with fetal age, cholesteryl ester concentration did not change significantly and no pathological accumulation was evident. This occurred despite high fetal aortic cholesterol esterification activity noted in earlier studies. We evaluated the potential effect of rabbit placental extracts on lipid metabolism and cellular proliferation in fetal aortic explants to explore the role of placental factors in affecting lipid metabolism. Labeled [14C]oleate and [3H]thymidine were used to investigate the rates of incorporation of (a) oleate into lipids, and (b) thymidine into DNA, respectively. Placental extracts at term (but not from 22 days gestation) significantly decreased oleate incorporation (P 100 000. [3H]Thymidine incorporation (dpm/g protein) into DNA was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by placental extracts. These studies suggest that placental extracts contain factor(s) influencing fetal aortic lipid metabolism in culture.
Initial Performance of a Modified Milestones Global Evaluation Tool for Semiannual Evaluation of Residents by Faculty

Objectives To determine whether faculty could successfully evaluate residents using a competency-based modified Milestones global evaluation tool. Design A program's leadership team modified a draft Surgery Milestones Working Group summative global assessment instrument into a modified Milestones tool (MMT) for local use during faculty meetings devoted to semiannual resident review. Residents were scored on 15 items spanning all competencies using an 8-point graphic response scale; unstructured comments also were solicited. Arithmetic means were computed at the resident and postgraduate year cohort levels for items and competency item sets. Score ranges (highest minus lowest score) were calculated; variability was termed "low" (range 2.0). A subset of "low" was designated "small" (1.0-1.9). Trends were sought among item, competency, and total Milestones scores. MMT correlations with examination scores and multisource (360°) assessments were explored. The success of implementing MMT was judged using published criteria for educational assessment methods. Setting Fully accredited, independently sponsored residency. Participants Program leaders and 22 faculty members (71% voluntary, mean 12y of experience). Results Twenty-six residents were assessed, yielding 7 to 13 evaluations for MMT per categorical resident and 3 to 6 per preliminary trainee. Scores spanned the entire response scale. All MMT evaluations included narrative comments. Individual resident score variability was low (96% within competencies and 92% across competencies). Subset analysis showed that small variations were common (35% within competencies and 54% across competencies). Postgraduate year cohort variability was higher (61% moderate or high within competencies and 50% across competencies). Cohort scores at the item, competency, and total score levels exhibited rising trajectories, suggesting MMT construct validity. MMT scores did not demonstrate concurrent validity, correlating poorly with other metrics. The MMT met multiple criteria for good assessment. Conclusions A modified Milestones global evaluation tool can be successfully adopted for semiannual assessments of resident performance by volunteer faculty members.
A Gyrocompass for Measurement of Core Orientation and Core Behavior

Abstract An instrument package has been designed to monitor continuously, the horizontal orientation and inclination of a standard piston corer. A gyrocompass is used as an azimuthal reference while two pendulum potentiometers sense deviations from the vertical. Azimuthal orientations obtained with this unit are thought to be accurate to within 5°. Preliminary results on 12 cores taken with this instrument indicate that a piston corer fluctuates less than 4° from the vertical throughout most of the coring operation. Rotational behavior, however, is significantly different during ascent and descent, and varies with water depth. Short period (
SELF‐DIRECTED LEARNING RESEARCH IN THE COMMUNITY/JUNIOR COLLEGE: DESCRIPTION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Nearly 200 dissertations concerning self‐directed learning have been completed since 1966. Some of theses dissertations and theses were based on community/ junior college students and faculty. As yet, no meta‐analysis of these studies has been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to provide a synthesis of this body of work. As a result eight important conclusions are identified in the analysis and six recommendations are made to community/junior college administrators and researchers. Three recommendations are concerned with instruction and curriculum and three address research.
An Evaluation of the Use of Technology as a Tool to Meet Group Training Standards

Effectively covering Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) and Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) standards in a three-credit hour course is perhaps the greatest challenge in teaching group counseling. This study explores the use of an electronic course tool to deliver group theory, while using face-to-face class contact time to develop students' group counseling skills. Graduate students in an M.A. counselor education program participated in this study. Performance data and student and instructor perceptions were collected and analyzed using a qualitative design. Review of these data suggests several successes with the format, primarily that time spent learning and discussing theories online provided the opportunity for skill development during face-to-face class time.
Word length in elementary matrices

Let R be an associative ring with identity. Recall that the group E(n, R) is generated by those n x n matrices over R differing from the identity matrix Z, in at most one entry, which must be off the main diagonal. Defining v,(A) to be the minimal number of nontrivial generators necessary to obtain the product A, one may ask whether there is an absolute bound on v,(A) as A varies in E(n, R). If such a bound exists, denote by e,(R) the maximum attained by v, on E(n, R). It is then of interest to estimate e,(R). As a by-product of their results on commutator products, R. K. Dennis and L. N. Vaserstein [2] give the following relative bound, which holds for n >m1 >sr(R) (where w(R) is the “stable rank” in [S]):
Rural Telemedicine: Lessons from Alaska for Developing Regions

Alaska shares many characteristics with other rural and remote regions of the Asia-Pacific, including a small population spread over a large area, lack of roads linking villages to hospitals, a significant indigenous population, and a shortage of doctors in rural areas. Communication with village health aides was originally by high frequency (HF) radio. Satellites brought reliable voice communication in the 1970s. Alaska has now introduced the first permanent upgrade to the voice satellite system, known as the Alaska Federal Health Care Access Network (AFHCAN). This satellite-based system is now the world's most extensive telemedicine network, linking 248 sites, including 158 village health centers. This paper examines the approach used to design the network, and includes preliminary findings on utilization of the network and associated cost-savings. It also discusses the U.S. Universal Service Fund subsidy for rural health care facilities. It concludes with lessons learned that could be applicable for other remote and isolated areas and developing regions.
Response of human adipose tissue to endogenous serum insulin-like activity in vitro.

Abstract Human adipose tissue, obtained by subcutaneous biopsy from 18 normal and 22 diabetic adult subjects, was incubated with beef insulin or serum from the same donor; rat adipose tissue was similarly studied. Oxidation of glucose-1-C 14 to C 14 O 2 was minimal in buffer, increasing significantly with the addition of 31 μU/ml. and 500 μU/ml. of beef insulin. Serum ILA did not produce a comparable increase in oxidation. Addition of NADPH in vitro increased oxidation by human adipose tissue and depressed oxidation by rat epididymal tissue. When glucose-stimulated ILA and tolbutamide-stimulated ILA from the same subject were incubated with his own adipose tissue, the ranking of ILA levels agreed with that of rat adipose tissue in the case of nondiabetic subjects but correlated in only a random fashion when diabetic subjects were tested. Human adipose tissue exhibits both qualitative and quantitative differences from rat adipose tissue, and its clinical role in health and disease cannot always be predicted by study of the animal counterpart.
EC-specific chemotaxis receptor: a double-edged sword.

ECSCR is an orphan receptor with no previously determined function. In the report by Verma and colleagues in this issue of Blood , ECSCR is finally associated with a function. Using embryonic zebrafish, Verma and colleagues demonstrate that ECSCR is required for optimal migration of endothelial
Handing IRB an Unloaded Gun

The author's autoethnographic article was accepted for publication and then blocked by her Institutional Review Board (IRB). The overt reasons for the “denial of approval” differ from accounts given behind closed doors. By weaving experience, excerpts from her article, and the responses of others into a narrative, the author creates an ongoing performance ethnography that resists the “tacit norm of silence” regarding discussions of incest and student/teacher attraction. Framing autoethnography as a “breach” of the academic norms regarding scientific inquiry helps her make sense of how IRB as a committee used the resources at hand—the existing religious/political context, their identities, their formal roles, and the written rules they had before them—to coconstruct a narrative that rendered her manuscript unpublishable. It is the author's hope that this performance of resistance will help facilitate the creation of a safe, defined space (similar to that of oral history) for autoethnography to occur.
Sex hormones and headache

A variety of evidence suggests a link between migraine and the female sex hormones. Women with migraine outnumber men by at least a 2:1 ratio and definite patterns of development and attacks are noted at menarche and throughout the period of menses, related to trimester of pregnancy, and again at menopause, although it may also regress. Hormonal replacement with estrogen can exacerbate migraine; oral contraceptives can change the character and frequency of migraine headache. This article will cover approaches to the therapy of hormone-related headaches associated with the menstrual cycle, menopause, and oral contraceptives.
Audience receptiveness, the media, and aged suicide, 1968–1980

Abstract The literature on imitative suicides has been marked by poor theory, including the neglect of the concept of audience responsiveness. Drawing from a symbolic interactionist perspective, the present paper incorporates Blumer's concept of audience receptivity. It takes the elderly as the social age group apt to be most receptive to publicized suicide stories, given their suicidogenic life circumstances such as economic strains, social isolation, and physical illness. Time series techniques are applied to national data on monthly suicide rates and televised publicized news stories on suicide. Months with publicized suicides are found to have 10 additional elderly suicides (mean elderly monthly suicides is 369). The imitative suicide effect was increased to 19 suicides when the analysis was restricted to stories about elderly suicides, a finding that suggests age identification in imitative suicide. Further analysis found an effect for both females and males, in spite of lower suicidal behavior associated with the aged female role. Noncelebrity suicide stories were unrelated, however, to elderly suicide. The suggestion effects were independent of changes in unemployment and season.
Professional development for teacher educators: conflicts between critical reflection and instructional‐based strategies

This research study used in‐depth interviews to examine a professional development book club of teacher educators exploring their beliefs about language diversity and how to prepare future teachers for culturally and linguistically diverse schools. Findings include the centrality of lived experiences, conflicting ideas of high‐quality pedagogy and tensions with the process. This study has implications for teacher education program development as well as strategies to support professional development related to cultural and linguistic diversity.
CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF TUNGSTEN SINGLE CRYSTALS

Because tungsten has a very high melting temperature (T/sub m/ approx. =3700 K), deformation experiments performed at room temperature are well into the thermal regime of reduced screw dislocation mobility without the added experimental difficulty of high strain rates. In this paper the authors report the cyclic stress-strain behavior of tungsten monocrystals of a center-triangle orientation and illustrate the behavior in relation to results for other bcc metals. Additionally, the relationship between the temperature and strain rate dependences of monotonic and cyclic deformation of bcc metals is discussed.
Effects of cordycepin on microtubules of cultured mammalian cells

Abstract Metaphase cells accumulate in HeLa and Vero cultures exposed in G2 to cordycepin (3′deoxyadenosine, 3′dA) at doses of 25–100 μg/ml. The arrested cells have small spindle zones and reduced numbers of interpolar or non-chromosomal spindle microtubules. While these concentrations of 3′dA have been used to suppress mRNA synthesis, the mitotic arrest does not appear to result from inhibition of RNA synthesis. Synchronized Vero cells treated in G2 with sufficient concentrations of actinomycin D to suppress transcription of virtually all RNA do not subsequently become arrested in mitosis. It is proposed that cordycepin interferes with the formation or normal functioning of the mitotic spindle. The microtubules of interphase cells may also be affected by cordycepin. The amount of microtubular crystals formed after exposure of several different cell types to vinblastine sulfate is markedly reduced after pretreatment with cordycepin.
α-Latrotoxin-induced quantal release of catecholamines from rat adrenal chromaffin cells

alpha-Latrotoxin (alpha-LT) potently enhances quantal release of neurotransmitter from nerve terminals. To develop the adrenal chromaffin cell as a 'model' system for the study of mechanisms of toxin action, we used amperometry to examine secretion of catecholamines and spectrofluorometry to measure cytosolic Ca. Several key features of toxin action emerged. (1) Release occurs at concentrations of toxin >35 pM and the pattern of release changes from repeated brief bursts to more continuous discharges of varying duration as the toxin concentration increases. (2) Release requires extracellular calcium in the micromolar range, but not the activity of native voltage-dependent calcium channels. (3) Release is associated with a rise in cytosolic calcium to near micromolar range. (4) Provided calcium is later restored, release can be induced even though the toxin is applied and washed away in calcium-free saline. These features largely resemble those of alpha-LT action on nerve terminals. They suggest that in chromaffin cells, as in neurons, the Ca-dependence of toxin-enhanced quantal release is based on Ca entry through toxin-induced channels rather than a requirement of extracellular Ca for toxin binding.
Conditioned and unconditioned caloric compensation: Evidence for self-regulation of food intake in young children

Abstract The purpose of these two experiments was to determine (a) whether young children can be responsive to caloric density cues in regulating their food intake, (b) whether such cues can be associatively conditioned to organoleptic cues in foods, and (c) to obtain evidence regarding which of the many cues available are involved as conditioned stimuli. In Experiment 1 participants were eighteen 3- to 5-year-old children, who were seen for a series of pairs of conditioning trials, followed by extinction test trials. Each trial consisted of a two-part snack: approximately 100 ml of a pudding preload (chocolate or vanilla; high or low caloric density) followed after a delay by ad-lib consumption of snack foods (cookies and crackers). In extinction trials, flavors previously paired with high- or low-caloric density preloads during conditioning were presented in isocaloric intermediate density preloads. Results indicated that 14 of 18 children showed unconditioned caloric compensation on the first pair of conditioning trials; 16 of 18 children showed compensation following the second pair of trials, and 12 of these 16 subjects continued to show this consumption pattern during extinction. Consumption was significantly greater following the low calorie paired flavor than following the high calorie paired flavor during extinction. Experiment 2 (N = 10) replicated these findings, and uncorrelating preload and snack food flavors indicated that flavor cues in the preloads can serve as conditioned stimuli. Children showed both initial responsiveness to caloric density and evidence for associative conditioning of food cues to the physiological consequences of eating. These results provide initial evidence for a mechanism allowing the child to learn to anticipate the caloric consequences of familiar foods and regulate food intake accordingly.
Optimal quantizers for distributed Bayesian estimation

In this paper, we consider the problem of quantizer design for distributed estimation under the Bayesian criterion. We derive general optimality conditions under the assumption of conditionally independent observations at the local sensors and show that for a conditionally unbiased and efficient estimator at the Fusion Center, identical quantizers are optimal when local observations have identical distributions. This results in an N-fold reduction in complexity where N is the number of sensors. We illustrate our approach by applying it to the location parameter estimation problem.
Integrating End of Life Care into Services for People with an Intellectual Disability

End-of-life issues encompass old age, terminal illness, dying, grief, mourning and bereavement. Such issues have broad impact on older adults with intellectual deficits, their families, friends, roommates, and formal caregivers. As increasing numbers of people with a intellectual disability survive into old age, social workers regularly encounter end of life situations among very diverse individuals. Social workers in hospices, hospitals, and home care agencies are also asking how best to support people confronting the deaths of aging parents and family, housemates, friends, and staff, as well as their own terminal illnesses and dying. The history of care for people' with a disability documents their exclusion from supportive rituals and education about the end of life. Although existing systems of care continue to negatively impact people at the end of life, resources designed to assist people have expanded in the last decade. End of life education, grief counseling, bereavement services, support groups, crisis teams, and end of life committees are some of the strategies for providing more responsive end of life care.
Crystallization of Mg–Al and Al-based metallic liquids under ultra-high gravity

We present results from high-temperature centrifugal processing, which is a new method to detect the sequence of crystallization and to physically isolate eutectic compositions in multi-component alloys. Alloys of composition Mg50Al30Y6Li7Cu7, Mg50Al30Y6Li7Cu7, and Al52.6Cu13.4Ge28Si6 were processed for 2 h in a centrifuge above their melting point at an inertial acceleration of 60,000 g (g=gravitational acceleration) and then slowly cooled to room temperature during continuous centrifugation. This processing leads to a pronounced stratification of crystalline phases in all three alloys, with primary phases sedimented to the sample ends, and binary and ternary eutectic microstructures solidified in the central region of the sample, as resolved by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, this new method yields deep eutectic compositions in a straightforward way, which is very useful information for the discovery of new bulk metallic glasses.
N-Length and Intertrial Reward

2 experiments investigating the effects of intertrial reward on resistance to extinction following partial reward schedules containing N-lengths (number of consecutive nonrewards preceding a rewarded trial) of 1, 2, or 3. It was found that intertrial rewards completely eliminated the partial reinforcement effect for all N-lengths when run times were considered but had no effect on goal times. These data were discussed in terms of their relevance to the modified aftereffects hypothesis and previous investigations of intertrial reward.
The effect of bupivacaine and morphine in a coculture model of diarthrodial joints.

Purpose To perform a controlled laboratory study to evaluate the effect of bupivacaine and morphine on chondrocytes and synovium in a coculture model of diarthrodial joints. Methods A proven coculture model that allows for the assessment of cartilage and synovium exists. The model allows for simulation of the diarthrodial joint in both health and disease by using culture media with or without the addition of interleukin-1. Effects of the presence of bupivacaine and morphine were evaluated by measuring media concentration of glycosamino glycans (GAG), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), and tissue concentration of GAG, water, and collagen. Cell viability was determined through the use of confocal microscopy on days 1 and 2. Results Cell viability 2 days after exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine was significantly less in the presence of bupivacaine than in the other groups, nearing a 100% decrease in viability. There was little effect of bupivacaine on cartilage water content or the tissue concentration of GAG and collagen. Morphine and bupivacaine both inhibited the expected rise in NO and PGE 2 when interleukin-1 was added to the media. Conclusions Continuous 0.5% bupivacaine exposure has a clear detrimental effect on chondrocytes in this in vitro study. Both bupivacaine and morphine appear to have anti-inflammatory effects. Continuous morphine exposure does not cause gross chondrotoxicity in vitro and presents itself as a potential alternative intra-articular analgesic. Clinical Relevance Intra-articular bupivacaine infusion is an effective analgesic strategy and is frequently used in both office and outpatient surgical settings. This study provides evidence that the continued usage of postoperative bupivacaine continuous infusion pumps may have a detrimental effect on chondrocytes. Morphine has been shown to be an effective intra-articular analgesic, and its anti-inflammatory role seen in this study makes it a potential alternative to bupivacaine.
Interfacially Controlled Transport of Micelle-Solubilized Sterols across an Oil/ Water Interface in Two Ionic Surfactant Systems

The kinetics of cholesterol and desmosterol transfer from aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate solutions and from sodium taurocholate-lecithin solutions into hexadecane and vice versa were studied by means of the multiparticulate dispersion technique. The experimental data were quantitatively analyzed by the physical model which accounts for the effects of bulk diffusion, interfacial resistance, interfacial area, and the lipid-water partition coefficient. It was shown in this study that in the case of sodium taurocholate-lecithin systems, the resistances to the transport of cholesterol and desmosterol across the oil droplet interface were of the order of 105 times greater than that for the diffusion-controlled mechanisms. These values were comparable to, and had the same rank order as, those found in the polysorbate 80 surfactant systems. Changing the concentrations of sodium taurocholate-lecithin but keeping their ratio constant had very little effect on the permeability coefficient of cholesterol and desmosterol. These results suggested that for this case an interface-controlled mechanism is operative, which involves the solute-micelle complex in the rate-determining step. In the sodium lauryl sulfate systems, increasing the surfactant concentration caused a decrease in the effective permeability coefficients for cholesterol and desmosterol. This decrease was approximately inversely related to the surfactant concentration. These results support a mechanism in which the free solute is mainly involved in the interfacial rate-determining step for the sodium lauryl sulfate case.
CRaTER: The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission

The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) characterizes the radiation environment to be experienced by humans during future lunar missions. CRaTER measures the effects of ionizing energy loss in matter due to penetrating solar energetic protons (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), specifically in silicon solid-state detectors and after interactions with tissue-equivalent plastic (TEP), a synthetic analog of human tissue. The CRaTER investigation quantifies the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum in these materials through direct measurements with the lunar space radiation environment, particularly the interactions of ions with energies above 10 MeV, which penetrate and are detected by CRaTER. Combined with models of radiation transport through materials, CRaTER LET measurements constrain models of the biological effects of ionizing radiation in the lunar environment as well as provide valuable information on radiation effects on electronic systems in deep space. In addition to these human exploration goals, CRaTER measurements also provide new insights on the spatial and temporal variability of the SEP and GCR populations and their interactions with the lunar surface. We present here an overview of the CRaTER science goals and investigation, including: an instrument description; observation strategies; instrument testing, characterization, and calibration; and data analysis, interpretation, and modeling plans.
Unexpected formation of ruthenium(II) hydrides from a reactive dianiline precursor and 1,2-(Ph2P)2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10.

Reaction of the new precursor cis,trans-Ru(cod)(anln)2Cl2 with the diphosphine 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (o-dppc) unexpectedly results in two new ruthenium(II) hydri...