cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed and Dynamic Resource Allocation for Delay Sensitive Network Services

In this paper, we present a distributed algorithm to dynamically allocate the available resources of a service-oriented network to delay sensitive network services. We use a utility-based framework to differentiate services based on both their relative profitability and quality-of-service requirements. Our performance metric is the end-to-end delay that a service class experiences in the network. We use network calculus to obtain a deterministic upper bound of this delay and we incorporate this information into our optimization problem formulation. We leverage a moving average control scheme to capture traffic shifts in real time, which makes our solution to react adaptively to traffic dynamics. Finally, we evaluate our system using real traces of instant messaging service traffic.
Organizational Climate and Productivity

This paper presents research designed to investigate the relationships between dimensions of organizational climate and productivity and satisfaction. Subjects in the study were 153 section foremen working in five different underground coal mines. Results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the climate dimension "organization of work" and productivity. Also there is a positive relationship between "supportiveness" and satisfaction. Implications for 0. D. practitioners are discussed.
Characterization of the Proteasome Accessory Factor (paf) Operon in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In a previous screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants that are hypersusceptible to reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), two genes associated with the M. tuberculosis proteasome were identified. One of these genes, pafA (proteasome accessory factor A), encodes a protein of unknown function. In this work, we determined that pafA is in an operon with two additional genes, pafB and pafC. In order to assess the contribution of these genes to RNI resistance, we isolated mutants with transposon insertions in pafB and pafC. In contrast to the pafA mutant, the pafB and pafC mutants were not severely sensitized to RNI, but pafB and pafC were nonetheless required for full RNI resistance. We also found that PafB and PafC interact with each other and that each is likely required for the stability of the other protein in M. tuberculosis. Finally, we show that the presence of PafA, but not PafB or PafC, regulates the steady-state levels of three proteasome substrates. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PafA, but not PafB or PafC, is critical for maintaining the steady-state levels of known proteasome substrates, whereas all three proteins appear to play a role in RNI resistance.
A myopic policy based simulation optimization framework in a general decentralized supply chain

Decentralized multi-echelon supply chains are often computationally intractable and difficult to analyze due to the complex network structure and various decision makings. This paper develops a simulation optimization framework for a general decentralized supply chain composed of sup-pliers, plants, distributors and customers. Each facility in the network is under local control and makes decisions based on a myopic policy. The simulation optimization framework is composed of an event simulator, an optimization engine, a system updater and a process controller. The simulation test bed can help the network facilities asymptotically optimize their decisions based on the feed-back during the simulation process, and evaluate the performance of each facility.
Direct Lineage Reprogramming Reveals Disease-Specific Phenotypes of Motor Neurons from Human ALS Patients

Subtype-specific neurons obtained from adult humans will be critical to modeling neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we show that adult human skin fibroblasts can be directly and efficiently converted into highly pure motor neurons without passing through an induced pluripotent stem cell stage. These adult human induced motor neurons (hiMNs) exhibit the cytological and electrophysiological features of spinal motor neurons and form functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with skeletal muscles. Importantly, hiMNs converted from ALS patient fibroblasts show disease-specific degeneration manifested through poor survival, soma shrinkage, hypoactivity, and an inability to form NMJs. A chemical screen revealed that the degenerative features of ALS hiMNs can be remarkably rescued by the small molecule kenpaullone. Taken together, our results define a direct and efficient strategy to obtain disease-relevant neuronal subtypes from adult human patients and reveal their promising value in disease modeling and drug identification.
Myocardial Transaminase Following Goarctation of Abdominal Aorta

SummaryThe glutamic-oxalacetic trans-aminase (GOT) activity and blood pressure were determined in normal animals and in animals with elevated blood pressure. Blood pressure was elevated by use of bands of teflon tubing placed around the abdominal aorta. This procedure resulted in an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures within a period of 5 to 6 weeks. GOT was elevated above control levels in the left ventricle, but was unchanged in the right ventricle.
Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Water by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

[Objective]To establish a method for determining arsenic and selenium in water by using intermittent flow hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry [Methods]The best experimental condition was ensured by optimization and compromise.The influences of acidity,consistency of KHB4 and other factors on the limit of detection were studied. [Results]The detection limits by using this method were DL(As)4.9×10-4 μ g/L,DL(Se)1.2×10-4 μg/L;the relative standard deviations were less than 3.36%(RSD(As)) and 3.42%(RSD(Se));the recoveries were 82.67%~99.22%(As) and 87.80%~102.4%(Se). [Conclusion]This method is simple,accurate,reliable and practical in determination of arsenic and selenium in water
Collaborative human-machine analysis to disambiguate entities in unstructured text and structured datasets

Intelligence analysts demand rapid information fusion capabilities to develop and maintain accurate situational awareness and understanding of dynamic enemy threats in asymmetric military operations. The ability to extract relationships between people, groups, and locations from a variety of text datasets is critical to proactive decision making. The derived network of entities must be automatically created and presented to analysts to assist in decision making. DECISIVE ANALYTICS Corporation (DAC) provides capabilities to automatically extract entities, relationships between entities, semantic concepts about entities, and network models of entities from text and multi-source datasets. DAC’s Natural Language Processing (NLP) Entity Analytics model entities as complex systems of attributes and interrelationships which are extracted from unstructured text via NLP algorithms. The extracted entities are automatically disambiguated via machine learning algorithms, and resolution recommendations are presented to the analyst for validation; the analyst’s expertise is leveraged in this hybrid human/computer collaborative model. Military capability is enhanced by these NLP Entity Analytics because analysts can now create/update an entity profile with intelligence automatically extracted from unstructured text, thereby fusing entity knowledge from structured and unstructured data sources. Operational and sustainment costs are reduced since analysts do not have to manually tag and resolve entities.
Treatment of Acute Pneumonia in Infants and Children

Acute respiratory infections remain the major cause of morbidity due to acute illness at any age in the United States. In this well-detailed article, the author presents a clinical approach to the management of such patients that a clinician may use with confidence, with few laboratory tests, and with limited use of antimicrobials.
Oxidation and reduction of omeprazole on boron-doped diamond electrode: Mechanistic, kinetic and sensing performance studies

Abstract Voltammetric behavior of omeprazole on chemically unmodified boron-doped diamond electrode was investigated. Omeprazole is possible to oxidize and reduce in various supporting electrolytes. Both processes are strongly dependent on pH value of the solution. Well defined oxidation and reduction signal of omeprazole was observed at high and low pH values of supporting electrolyte. Kinetics of charge transfer in the pH range from 3 to 10 in various supporting electrolytes was studied and characterized by the estimation of formal potentials (+1.07 to +0.89 V for oxidation and −0.95 to −1.18 V for omeprazole reduction), charge transfer coefficients (0.52–0.33 for oxidation and 0.19–0.17 for reduction) together with standard heterogeneous rate constants. The analytical performance was studied with linear sweep voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The lowest detection limit of 9.1 × 10 −8 mol L −1 for oxidation of omeprazole was achieved by SWV technique. The proposed simple, sensitive and cheap method was validated and applied for pharmaceutical formulations and human urine as real samples.
A preliminary multimethod comparison of sleep among adolescents with and without generalized anxiety disorder

Previous studies suggest that youth with anxiety disorders experience their sleep as more disrupted and unsatisfying than their healthy peers. However, it is unclear whether these subjective complaints align with objective measures of sleep quantity and quality. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess subjective and objective sleep parameters, and their relationships with anxiety symptomatology, among adolescents (62.8% female, 81.4% Caucasian), ages 12 to 18 (M = 15.29 years), with generalized anxiety disorder (n = 26) and controls without any psychopathology (n = 17). We measured sleep over 7 nights using sleep diaries and actigraphy and collected self- and parent-report questionnaires pertaining to sleep, anxiety, and depression. Repeated-measures mixed models were used to examine relationships between nightly sleep duration and morning anxiety. We found a number of differences in sleep between our anxious and healthy participants. Via sleep diary, our anxious participants had longer sleep ...
Integrating design and verification environments through a logic supporting hardware diagrams

Formal methods and verification tools are difficult for designers to use. Research has been concentrated on handling large proofs; meanwhile, insufficient attention has been paid to the reasoning process. We argue that a heterogeneous logic supporting hardware diagrams and sentential logic provides a natural framework for reasoning and for the formal integration of design and verification environments. We present such a logic and demonstrate its flexibility on fragments of a traffic light controller design and verification problem.
Is Active Learning via Internet Technologies Possible

This study addresses the question of whether or not active learning can be taught online. There are many definitions of learning: It is the process and the sum total of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, beliefs, and emotions. There is, however, a nuanced definition of active online learning, defined as methods by which learners actively participate in the learning process e.g., online discussion groups, problem-solving, experimentation, and the like. Theoretical presuppositions such as informal learning, contiguity, reinforcement, repetition, social-cultural principles and andragogy not only guide the assumption that active learning can take place online but also reinforce that active learning may lead to the creation of new knowledge and the skills needed by learners in this current century. This research reveals that technology, used effectively, enhances active learning benefitting the instructor as well as the learner.
Comment on “International Financial Integration”

Lane and Milesi-Ferretti gather data on assets and liabilities of 18 OECD countries. The data are classified by type of asset–debt instruments and equity instruments (either portfolio or foreign direct investment). To some extent the data allow them to classify changes in asset and liability positions that occur because of capital flows versus changes in valuation. With this data, Lane and Milesi-Ferretti undertake two types of empirical examinations. First, they look at the correlation of international asset positions with various “explanatory variables,” such as the degree of financial restrictions, the depth of the financial market, the openness to international trade, etc. Then they examine returns on the various classes of assets (debt, portfolio equity, and FDI), in an attempt to measure from the returns the degree of diversification that is being offered by international investments. My comments come in two categories: brief comments about the data and comments about how to interpret the findings. The latter set of comments is broken into two parts, the first relating to the regressions describing asset and liability positions and the second relating to the empirical work on rates of return.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association Between Trust in Physician and Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults.

Background Depression is a major public health concern among older adults and health care professionals play a vital role in screening and treatment. However, this process may be impeded by issues like lack of trust in physician (TIP). This study aims to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between TIP and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults in the Chicago area. Methods Data were collected through the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), a longitudinal cohort study of Chinese older adults in the greater Chicago area. A total of 2,713 Chinese older adults completed both waves of data collection. TIP was measured through the Trust in Physician scale from Anderson and Dedrick (Anderson LA, Dedrick RF. Development of the Trust in Physician scale: a measure to assess interpersonal trust in patient-physician relationships. Psychol Rep. 1990;67(3 Pt 2):1091-1100. doi:10.2466/pr0.1990.67.3f.1091) (range: 11-55). Depressive symptoms were measured through Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results Every one point higher in TIP is associated with being 2% less likely to have any depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 0.98, 0.97-0.99) in cross-sectional analysis. Longitudinally, every one-point increase in TIP score was associated with a 2% lower risk of depressive symptoms at Wave 2 (OR 0.98, 0.97-0.99). Improved TIP over 2 years was associated with 25% decreased risk of having any depressive symptoms at Wave 2 (OR 0.75, 0.63-0.89). Additionally, highest tertile of TIP change was associated with a 31% decreased risk of any depressive symptoms compared to lowest tertile (OR 0.68, 0.55-0.84). Discussion Improved TIP over 2 years is associated with less risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Future research should examine possible pathways and routes of intervention to improve mental health among older adults.
A unifying framework for summary statistic imputation

Imputation has been widely utilized to aid and interpret the results of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Imputation can increase the power to identify associations when the causal variant was not directly observed or typed in the GWAS. There are two broad classes of methods for imputation. The first class imputes the genotypes at the untyped variants given the genotypes at the typed variants and then performs a statistical test of association at the imputed variants. The second class of methods, summary statistic imputation, directly imputes the association statistics at the untyped variants given the association statistics observed at the typed variants. This second class of methods is appealing as it tends to be computationally efficient while only requiring the summary statistics from a study while the former class requires access to individual-level data that can be difficult to obtain. The statistical properties of these two classes of imputation methods have not been fully understood. In this paper, we show that the two classes of imputation methods are equivalent, i.e., have identical asymptotic multivariate normal distributions with zero mean and minor variations in the covariance matrix, under some reasonable assumptions. Using this equivalence, we can understand the effect of imputation methods on power. We show that a commonly employed modification of summary statistic imputation that we term summary statistic imputation with variance re-weighting leads to a loss of power in general. On the other hand, our proposed method, summary statistic imputation without performing variance re-weighting, fully accounts for imputation uncertainty while achieving better power.
Comparison of characterization methods for differently atomized nickel-based alloy 625 powders

Abstract The deployment of additive manufacturing depends on the quality of the produced part, specifically the absence of internal defects, impurities and compositional gradient. In this study, differently atomized nickel-based alloy 625 powder particles were systematically characterized with different methods and results were compared. Powder properties were studied to understand the effect of different atomization methods on the properties of the powder particles. Morphology, shape and size of water and argon atomized powders were observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed X-ray tomography (μCT); μCT with different resolution and sample setup. As expected, water atomized powder particles have irregular morphology in contrast to spherical gas atomized particles. Phase and elemental analysis were conducted with X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy; thermal properties were measured with differential scanning calorimetry. Gas atomized powder shows composition and melting temperature close to nominal bulk alloy 625. Particle size analysis was carried out using sieving, laser particle size analysis and μCT. It is found that the average particle size obtained from μCT depends on scan resolution. Additionally, porosity of the powders was observed in SEM micrographs and investigated in detail using μCT. In conclusion, μCT with higher resolution results in collecting accurate shape, size, porosity and morphology of the powder particles. Considering the large number of particles that can be investigated with μCT and ability to observe internal porosity, μCT is found to be an appropriate if not superior substitution for other powder characterization methods such as optical/electron microscopies, sieving and laser particle size analysis if time of characterization is not a concern.
Evaluation, Establishing the Treatment Alliance, and Informed Consent

Use of medication is on the forefront of major changes in child and adolescent psychiatry over the last 20 years. Child and adolescent psychiatrists understand that pharmacotherapy occurs within the general context of a physician-patient relationship. This article reviews principles of managing the context of pharmacotherapy with children and adolescents and discusses basic elements of informed consent for this particular population. A treatment approach that integrates neurochemical, psychodynamic, psychological, and developmental elements; family systems; and cultural formulations is proposed as offering patients the greatest benefits.
Cape Verdean Creole

Cape Verdean Creole (henceforth CVC) is spoken in Cape Verde, an archipelago located in the Atlantic off the northwestern coast of Africa. The archipelago played a critical role in the slave trade from the 15th to the 19th centuries. The examination of the creole that emerged from the contact between African slaves and Portuguese settlers reveals how grammatical and lexical elements from the source languages have interacted and blended their properties at a morphophonological, syntactic, and lexical levels. Such a study provides valuable insights into the cognitive processes at play when languages come abruptly into contact.
Biliary Tract Obstruction

The two important areas of obstruction in the biliary tract are the cystic duct and anywhere in the extrahepatic biliary tree. Obstruction of the cystic duct, generally from stones, results in “biliary colic” or progresses to cholecystitis. Bile-duct obstruction from common-duct stones presents as jaundice or cholangitis or both. Neoplasms of the head of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, or anywhere in the bile duct produce progressive jaundice, rarely with cholangitis.
Endovascular Treatment of Wide-Necked Intracranial Aneurysms with the Scepter XC Balloon Catheter, with Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) Jr. Deployment as a "Bailout" Technique.

Background The Scepter XC balloon catheter can be used for balloon-assisted coiling (BAC) of cerebral aneurysms but also accommodates delivery of a low-profile visible intraluminal stent (LVIS Jr.). We assessed the safety and effectiveness of BAC using the Scepter XC, with LVIS Jr. stent-assisted coiling (SAC) as a bailout option. Methods A single-institution prospectively maintained neurointerventional database was reviewed for wide-necked (neck width ≥4 mm or dome/neck ratio Results The cohort included 141 wide-necked saccular intracranial aneurysms treated in 135 procedures. SAC was used to treat 30% of aneurysms by deploying the LVIS Jr. through the Scepter XC. The overall procedural complication rate was 8.9%, including a 1.5% rate of symptomatic thromboembolic events and 3.0% rate of hemorrhagic complications, with no significant differences in complications between BAC and SAC procedures (P = 0.27). The overall complete or near-complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 96%, with trends toward higher complete aneurysm occlusion and lower retreatment rates with SAC (78 vs. 57%; P = 0.13; 0 vs. 8.4%, P = 0.13). Multivariate logistic regression identified aneurysm size, procedure technique (BAC or SAC), and duration of follow-up as independent predictors of complete aneurysm occlusion. Conclusions Use of the Scepter XC for BAC, with LVIS Jr. SAC as a bailout option, shows acceptable angiographic and clinical results.
Substance Use, Homelessness, Mental Illness and Medicaid Coverage: A Set-up for High Emergency Department Utilization.

Author(s): Moulin, Aimee; Evans, Ethan J.; Xing, Guibo; Melnikow, Joy | Abstract: Introduction: Frequent users of emergency departments (ED) account for 21–28% of all ED visits nationwide. The objective of our study was to identify characteristics unique to patients with psychiatric illness who are frequent ED users for mental health care. Understanding unique features of this population could lead to better care and lower healthcare costs. Methods: This retrospective analysis of adult ED visits for mental healthcare from all acute care hospitals in California from 2009–2014 used patient-level data from California’s Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. We calculated patient demographic and visit characteristics for patients with a primary diagnosis of a mental health disorder as a percentage of total adult ED visits. Frequent ED users were defined as patients with more than four visits in a 12-month period. We calculated adjusted rate ratios (aRR) to assess the association between classification as an ED frequent user and patient age, sex, payer, homelessness, and substance use disorder. Results: In the study period, 846,867 ED visits for mental healthcare occurred including 238,892 (28.2%) visits by frequent users. Patients with a primary mental health diagnosis and a co-occurring substance use diagnosis in the prior 12 months (77% vs. 37%, aRR [4.02], 95% confidence interval [CI] [3.92-4.12]), homelessness (2.9% vs 1.1%, odds ratio [1.35], 95% [CI] [1.27-1.43]) were more likely to be frequent users. Those covered by Medicare (aRR [3.37], 95% CI [3.20-3.55]) or the state’s Medicaid program Medi-Cal (aRR [3.10], 95% CI [2.94-3.25]) were also more likely to be frequent users compared with those with private insurance coverage. Conclusion: Patients with substance use disorders, homelessness and public healthcare coverage are more likely to be frequent users of EDs for mental illness. Substance use and housing needs are important factors to address in this population.
Deuterium retention in advanced steels for fusion reactor structural application

Abstract Reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels, castable nanostructured alloys (CNA), and oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels have been developed for the fusion reactor structural application with improved mechanical properties and radiation resistance. However, the hydrogen isotope retention in these steels is not well understood. In this study, 10 keV D2 implantation was performed on six steels, together with pure iron and T91 as references, at room temperature. Subsequent thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) measurements were carried out to investigate the deuterium retention. Possible deuterium trapping sites in the studied materials were discussed in coordination with available microstructural information. The results indicated that ODS-steels have the largest deuterium retention, which is almost one order of magnitude higher than that of pure iron, ∼6 times of RAFM, and 2–4 times of CNA steels. The difference in nanoparticles and grain/lath boundaries are primarily responsible for the different deuterium retention, while other trapping sites (e.g., vacancy clusters, dislocations, etc.) are present. Deuterium retention increases with increasing sink strength of the studied materials, although they are not linear correlated.
LncGata6-controlled stemness in regeneration and cancer

Long-noncodingRNAs (lncRNAs) have been proposed as a critical regulator of various cellularprocesses including cell fate decision and cell proliferation (1,2).Mechanistically, lncRNAs control various gene expressions by recruiting thechromatin modifiers in cis and trans modes (1). Transcription oflncRNAs itself also can activate or suppress the neighboring gene expression bythe transcriptional interference through regulatory sequences (1,3). lncRNAsare also involved in a wide range of protein and RNA regulatory functions, suchas scaffoldings of proteins and RNAs, protein and RNA decoys, and functionalmicro-peptides production (1). Aberrant regulation of lncRNA-mediated cellularprocesses is implicated in human disease including cancer (4,5). The recenttechnologic advance including the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), andgene editing, genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models has made it feasible toelucidate the various roles of lncRNAs in the normal tissue physiology and thepathologic conditions including tumorigenesis and metastasis (2,6).
Central Nervous System Congenital Tumors

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Those tumors are a heterogeneous entity because of their different histologies, behavior, incidence, and therapies that can even be different in different ages of life and, within the childhood, can be different at different stages. A peculiar group are tumors developed before 3 year of age, because of the complex interaction of the disease with the developing brain and because of severe limitation on the treatment with implications both on the side of the surgery and on the medical treatment. Such kind of observation is even more evident if we consider patients younger than 12 months of age. Within this group are included the so-called congenital tumors, considered as the tumors diagnosed in patients younger than 2 months of age, but this definition is commonly extended up to 2 years of age. We will expose a review of the literature and the experience of our Center of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology about CNS tumors diagnosed in children younger than 12 months of age, with particular interest in epidemiology and risk factors, clinical presentation, histology, surgical and medical treatment, and outcome. Particular attention is given to neurosurgical difficulties in this age group.
An Investigation of Black Males in Advanced Placement Math and Science Courses and Their Perceptions of Identity Related to STEM Possibilities

Given the need to increase Black males’ participation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), this study employed a multiple case studies approach to investigate the perceptions...
Significance of Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Differential Diagnosis of Pediatric Pneumonia

The objective of this study was to explore the early diagnosis methods of severe pediatric pneumonia. A total of 65 cases hospitalized in pediatric departments and ICU of our hospital because of severe pneumonia were divided into two groups according to pathogen detection. The groups were as follows: 34 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 32 cases of a non-bacterial pneumonia, and 37 cases of healthy children after physical examination in our hospital as the control group. The peripheral blood was sampled from each of the three groups for procalcitonin (PCT). The pediatric PCT level in peripheral blood of the bacterial pneumonia group was significantly higher than that of non-bacterial pneumonia group and the control group. The statistical differences (each at p 0.01). PCT level in pediatric peripheral blood is an important diagnostic indicator of bacterial infection and a sensitive indicator of distinction between bacterial pneumonia and the non-bacterial pneumonia, thus being of great significance for clinical and differential diagnosis.
Local well‐posedness of the Hall‐MHD system in Hs(Rn) with s>n2

We establish local well‐posedness of the Hall‐magneto‐hydrodynamics (Hall‐MHD) system in the Sobolev space (Hs(Rn))2 with s>n2, n≥2. The previously known local well‐posedness Sobolev space was (Hs(Rn))2 with s>n2+1. Thus the result presented here is an improvement. Moreover, we show that the solution of the Hall‐MHD system in the space (Hs(Rn))2 with s>n2 converges to a solution of the MHD system when the Hall effect coefficient goes to zero.
Abstract TMIM-071: SOX2 DRIVES ST6GAL-I EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY TO PROMOTE A CSC PHENOTYPE IN OVARIAN CANCER

This study elucidates ST6Gal-I, a sialyltransferase, as a functional driver of a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype regulated by the stem cell transcription factor Sox2. ST6Gal-I is upregulated in 98% of ovarian cancers (OC) and its high expression correlates with reduced overall and progression free survival in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. ST6Gal-I functions to add an α2-6 sialic acid, a large, negatively charged sugar, to N-glycosylated proteins bound for the cell surface. Normal differentiated epithelia have very low expression of ST6Gal-I, however, expression is turned on in stem cell compartments and transformed tissues. Furthermore, our work has shown that ST6Gal-I plays a causal role in conferring hallmark CSC properties including greater tumor-initiating capabilities, and resistance to tumor-associated stressors like chemotherapies, serum deprivation, and hypoxia. However, despite this stark upregulation and functional importance of ST6Gal-I in cancer, very little work has been done to identify the transcriptional drivers of ST6Gal-I expression. We identified that Sox2 and ST6Gal-I are both located on one of the most commonly enriched amplicons in human cancer, amplicon 3q26. We then examined the TCGA databases and found that these two genes are co-amplified in 48/73 cancer cohorts, including ovarian cancer. Furthermore, in those 48 cohorts with co-amplification, there is also co-occurrence per individual patient samples. In addition to being genetically co-amplified, we identified Sox2 response elements in the ST6Gal-I promoter and performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) to confirm Sox2 binding. These data implicated Sox2, a key stem-associated transcription factor in CSCs, as a transcriptional activator of ST6Gal-I expression. To confirm this hypothesis, Sox2 was overexpressed or knocked-down in ovarian cancer cells, and it was consistently found that high expression of Sox2 directly induces expression of ST6Gal-I mRNA and protein. Finally, given the relationship between Sox2 and ST6Gal-I in the promotion of a CSC phenotype, we profiled the reprogramming of the cell population into a more stem-like state by quantifying expression of stemness markers Oct4 and Nanog. Overexpression or knockdown of Sox2 resulted in up- or down- regulation of CSC markers Oct4 and Nanog, respectively. Importantly, forced ST6Gal-I knockdown in cells with high Sox2 inhibited the Sox2-induced ST6Gal-I upregulation and subsequently prevented the enhanced expression of Oct4 and Nanog. These data suggest that Sox2 requires ST6Gal-I expression to promote a CSC phenotype. Collectively, our results highlight a novel, glycosylation-dependent mechanism that drives a CSC phenotype. Citation Format: Kaitlyn A. Dorsett and Susan L. Bellis. SOX2 DRIVES ST6GAL-I EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY TO PROMOTE A CSC PHENOTYPE IN OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr TMIM-071.
Preparing Preservice Teachers to Navigate Between Special Education and Disability Studies

The field of Disability Studies in Education (DSE) has been critiqued as failing to bridge or make explicit how DSE theory is translated into educational practice. This qualitative autoethnography study uses examples from the classroom to explore how teacher preparation programs can prepare preservice teachers to translate DSE theory into practice within traditional Special Education settings. Preparing Preservice Teachers to Navigate Between Special Education and Disability Studies by Amy Petersen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://rdsjournal.org. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu.
Plant lectin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells: a mini-review

Cancer has become a leading research topic in recent years. Although there is no exact cure, scientists have been studying various means that can suppress cancer. One mechanism of eradicating cancer cells is by triggering apoptosis. Plant lectins have been shown to induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cells. Plant lectins use different mechanisms of apoptosis, but typically induce similar morphological changes such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Increasing our understanding of the plant lectins apoptotic pathways is crucial in developing drugs that can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. This paper aims to provide a general perspective for understanding lectin's potential role as novel anti-cancer drugs.
News and social media coverage is associated with more downloads and citations of manuscripts that focus on substance use

Abstract Background A variety of substance use-related topics are discussed in the public discourse; however, it is unknown how public discussion of published substance-related findings relates to manuscript downloads and citations. This manuscript examines how traditional and social media coverage of published findings about substance use affects downloads and scientific citations. Methods Altmetric and bibliographic information was obtained for manuscripts published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence between 2018 and 2019 (n = 943). Associations were examined between news and social media coverage (i.e., Twitter, Facebook) in relation to number of manuscript downloads and number of citations. This was done in a bivariable manner and in a multivariable manner examining correlates of being in the top 10th percentile of downloads and citations. Results 73.3 % of articles were shared on Twitter, 23.6 % were shared on Facebook, and 13.9 % were covered in news sources (with 4.0 % receiving major media coverage). Epidemiology papers were among the most covered in the news, and e-cigarette review papers were among the most downloaded. News and social media coverage were positively associated with number of downloads and citations in bivariable models and with achieving the top 10 % of downloads and citations in multivariable models (ps Conclusions Traditional and social media coverage of manuscripts focusing on substance use are associated with more downloads and citations. Researchers should consider sharing findings not only to increase downloads and citations but also to educate the general public.
Piriformis syndrome: pain response outcomes following CT-guided injection and incremental value of botulinum toxin injection.

PURPOSE Piriformis syndrome is a common pain condition affecting the buttock and posterior hip with or without radiation to the leg, and management of the condition involves many treatments. In this study, we hypothesize that a CT-guided injection with botulinum toxin is more effective in providing pain relief than a CT-guided injection without Botox. METHODS Overall, 97 consecutive patients with piriformis syndrome presented for a CT-guided injection of the piriformis muscle and perineural injection of the sciatic nerve. After the injection, the patients received a visual analog scale pain log to record their pain level until the follow-up appointment. P values of less than 0.2 were considered as confounder and adjusted by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) via propensity score. The effect of botulinum toxin on 48-hour response and duration of response was tested using weighted chi-square test and weighted Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS There was a total of 97 patients in the study, and 111 injections, as some patients had bilateral injections. Patients in the Botox group had more 48-hour response than patients in the non-botulinum toxin group (P < 0.001 with IPTW, P = 0.005 without IPTW). Median pain-free survival was 30 days for Botox group and 1 day for non-Botox group (P = 0.059 with IPTW, P = 0.10 without IPTW). CONCLUSION CT-guided injections with botulinum toxin for patients with piriformis syndrome are more likely to lead to a positive response and a longer duration of response than patients who receive a CT-guided injection without botulinum toxin. We hope that this study facilitates future prospective randomized blind trials for patients with suspected piriformis syndrome.
“UHAND”—A National Cancer Institute Funded Partnership to Advance Cancer Health Equity through Scholar Training

Black and Hispanic adults are disproportionately affected by cancer incidence and mortality, and experience disparities in cancer relative to their White counterparts in the US. These groups, including women, are underrepresented among scientists in the fields of cancer, cancer disparities, and cancer care. The “UHAND” Program is a partnership between institutions (University of Houston and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) aiming to build the capacity of underrepresented and racial/ethnic minority student “scholars” to conduct research on eliminating cancer inequities by reducing social and physical risk factors among at-risk groups. Here, we examine the outcomes of the UHAND Program’s first scholar cohort (n = 1 postdoctoral fellow, n = 3 doctoral scholars, n = 6 undergraduate scholars). Data collection included baseline, mid-program, and exit surveys; program records; and monthly scholar achievement queries. From baseline to exit, scholars significantly increased their research self-efficacy (p = 0.0293). Scholars largely met goals for academic products, achieving a combined total of 65 peer-reviewed presentations and nine empirical publications. Eight scholars completed the 2-year program; one undergraduate scholar received her degree early and the postdoctoral fellow accepted a tenure-track position at another university following one year of training. Scholars highly rated UHAND’s programming and their mentors’ competencies in training scholars for research careers. Additionally, we discuss lessons learned that may inform future training programs.
Effect of d-limonene and its derivatives on breast cancer in human trials: a scoping review and narrative synthesis.

Background D-limonene and its derivatives have demonstrated potential chemopreventive and anticancer activity in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of this scoping review was to assess and critically appraise current literature on the effect of these bioactive citrus peel compounds on breast cancer in human trials and to identify knowledge gaps for exploration in future studies. Methods This study followed a scoping review framework. Peer-reviewed journal articles were included if they reported the effect of d-limonene or its derivatives on breast cancer in human subjects. Articles were retrieved from academic databases - PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane reviews - and iteratively through review of bibliographies of relevant manuscripts. Titles and abstracts were appraised against the aforementioned inclusion criteria in a first round of screening. Through consensus meetings and full article review by authors, a final set of studies were selected. Results were reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Results Our search strategy yielded 367 records. Following screening and adjudication, five articles reporting on phase 1(n = 2), phase 2 (n = 2) and both trial phases (n = 1) were included as the final dataset for this review. Trials evaluating the effect of d-limonene (n = 2) showed it was well tolerated in subjects. One study (n = 43 participants) showed d-limonene concentrated in breast tissue (mean 41.3 μg/g tissue) and reduction in tumor cyclin D1 expression, which is associated with tumor proliferation arrest. This study did not show meaningful change in serum biomarkers associated with breast cancer, except for a statistically significant increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) levels. While elevation of IGF-I is associated with increased cancer risk, the clinical implication of this study remains uncertain given its short duration. Trials with perillyl alcohol (n = 3) showed low tolerance and no effect on breast cancer. Conclusion This review demonstrated a dearth of clinical studies exploring the effect of d-limonene and its derivatives on breast cancer. Limited literature suggests d-limonene is safe and tolerable in human subjects compared to its derivative, perillyl alcohol. Our review demonstrates the need for additional well-powered placebo-controlled trials that assess d-limonene's efficacy on breast cancer compared to other therapies.
Attack-Resilient Lateral Stability Control for Autonomous In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Vehicles

This paper presents an attack-resilient lateral stability control design approach for autonomous in-wheel-motor-driven electric vehicles (EVs) to enhance the cyber-physical security of the steering system. Specifically, this work examines cyber-attacks on the steering angle, one of the most safety-critical control signals in autonomous driving systems. Different from the current literature, the proposed system serves as an assistant controller in the monitoring system. Once a cyber-attack is identified, a disturbance estimator is then designed based on the lateral system dynamics, which models cyber-attacks as an exogenous disturbance. Then, a robust predictive controller is developed to mitigate the impact of cyber-attacks and ensure driving safety. The proposed attack-resilient control carries a low computational burden, making it applicable for real-time applications. Simulation results are finally provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Environmental allergens trigger type 2 inflammation through ripoptosome activation.

Environmental allergens, including fungi, insects and mites, trigger type 2 immunity; however, the innate sensing mechanisms and initial signaling events remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that allergens trigger RIPK1–caspase 8 ripoptosome activation in epithelial cells. The active caspase 8 subsequently engages caspases 3 and 7, which directly mediate intracellular maturation and release of IL-33, a pro-atopy, innate immunity, alarmin cytokine. Mature IL-33 maintained functional interaction with the cognate ST2 receptor and elicited potent pro-atopy inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting caspase 8 pharmacologically and deleting murine Il33 and Casp8 each attenuated allergic inflammation in vivo. Clinical data substantiated ripoptosome activation and IL-33 maturation as likely contributors to human allergic inflammation. Our findings reveal an epithelial barrier, allergen-sensing mechanism that converges on the ripoptosome as an intracellular molecular signaling platform, triggering type 2 innate immune responses. These findings have significant implications for understanding and treating human allergic diseases. IL-33 plays a central role in type II immune responses and is generally thought to be released following cellular damage and processed extracellularly. Rothenberg and colleagues describe a new ripoptosome pathway that is assembled following exposure to various unrelated environmental allergens and that processes IL-33 into an active form intracellularly.
Pseudomys praeconis (Top) P. fumeus (Middle) P. namus (Bottom)

The autosomes of these three species are basically the same, but the sex chromosomes are different. In P. praeconis (probably the ancestral type) both the X and the Y are acrocentric. In P. fumeus, the X has a small short arm. In P. namus, both sex chromosomes are metacentric.
Theorie der Stoßfront

In Kap. II und III wurden die Erhaltungsgleichungen fur eine Stoswelle konstanter Geschwindigkeit gelost. Man erhalt einen Zusammenhang zwischen den Daten des Gases vor der Stoswelle und dem im Gleichgewicht befindlichen Gas hinter der Stoswelle. fur die Betrachtung von Gleichgewichtszustanden ist dies ausreichend, man bekommt aber keinerlei Aussagen, die die Kinetik des Ubergangs zwischen den beiden Zustanden betreffen. In einem kontinuierlichen Medium mit verschwindender Viskositat und Warmeleitfahigkeit ist der Ubergang diskontinuierlich. Wegen des atomistischen Aufbaues der Materie gibt es fur ein reales Medium keinen abrupten Ubergang. Es mus also ein Ubergangsgebiet geben. Dieses Ubergangsgebiet kann nicht kleiner sein als einige freie Weglangen in dem betreffenden Medium, es kann aber sehr viel groser sein.
Boosting chamfer matching by learning chamfer distance normalization

We propose a novel technique that significantly improves the performance of oriented chamfer matching on images with cluttered background. Different to other matching methods, which only measures how well a template fits to an edge map, we evaluate the score of the template in comparison to auxiliary contours, which we call normalizers. We utilize AdaBoost to learn a Normalized Oriented Chamfer Distance (NOCD). Our experimental results demonstrate that it boosts the detection rate of the oriented chamfer distance. The simplicity and ease of training of NOCD on a small number of training samples promise that it can replace chamfer distance and oriented chamfer distance in any template matching application.