cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of feeding level and sexual maturation on fatty acid composition of energy stores in diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract Sexual maturation is an energy demanding, physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in many food-fish species. Lipid mobilization supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of ration level on fatty acid composition, diploid (2N) rainbow trout, approaching ovulation, were fed at 0.25 and 0.50% of tank biomass/day and to apparent satiation (~ 0.75% of tank biomass/day). In addition, triploid (3N) female trout, which exhibit only minimal ovarian development, were fed at 0.50% of tank biomass/day. The primary objective of this study was to determine effects of ration level on fatty acid composition in different lipid compartments (muscle, visceral adipose tissue, liver, and gonad) during sexual maturation. Lower feeding levels produced smaller fish, but did not affect the onset of sexual maturation. Higher feeding levels resulted in fish muscle with higher relative amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were not affected by ration level. While ration level affected the fatty acid profile of each of the four tissues analyzed, the number of fatty acids affected was greatest in white muscle. An additional objective was to determine differences in the fatty acid composition of energy stores during maturation in female rainbow trout that were fed at a moderately restricted feeding level (0.50% of tank biomass/day). These differences were determined by comparing mature 2N to sterile 3N females of the same age. Diploid muscle contained higher amounts of PUFAs (44.4 ± 1.0%) than 3N muscle (39.7 ± 0.8%). Saturated fatty acids were in the highest concentrations in muscle and visceral adipose tissue, and 2N liver contained more PUFAs and fewer MUFAs than 3N liver; however these values are relative values. In general, fatty acids affected by ration level were not the same as fatty acids affected by ploidy. Triploid fatty acid profiles did not mimic those of the satiation fed group; which was expected if 3N fish were simply consuming excess energy. Both 2N and 3N muscle fatty acid profiles were similar to that of the diet, except muscle had lower amounts of PUFA precursors (18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3) and higher relative amounts of their product (22:6n-3). Also, 2N muscle had higher 16:1 and 3N muscle had higher 16:0 compared to the diet. It is unclear if these differences are hormonally driven or if there are other physiological dissimilarities between 2N and 3N trout causing these differences. Overall, our data suggest that 2N and 3N fatty acid metabolism is regulated differently.
Nonprescription and Alternative Medication Use by Individuals with HIV Disease

OBJECTIVE:To examine the strength of the associations between predisposing, enabling, and need-for-care variables and the self-treatment of HIV disease; and to compare sociodemographic and illness-related factors associated with the use of vitamins, nonprescription medications, herbs, and recreational substances among HIV-infected individuals.METHODS:Data were derived from 7887 interviews conducted as part of the AIDS Cost and Services Utilization Survey. The conceptual framework was the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Factors associated with nonprescription and alternative medication use were assessed using logistic regression. Generalized estimating equations were applied to adjust variance estimates for within-person correlations of drug use over time.RESULTS:After adjusting for perceived health status, T cell count, and stage of disease, the results indicated that African-Americans were less likely to use nonprescription drugs (odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.81), vitamins (OR...
Concussions in soccer: a current understanding

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem in the United States, with approximately 1.5-2 million TBIs occurring each year. However, it is believed that these figures underestimate the true toll of TBI. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world and has a following of millions in the United States. Soccer is a sport not traditionally identified as high-risk for concussions, yet several studies have shown that concussion rates in soccer are comparable to, and often exceed those of, other contact sports. As many as 22% of all soccer injuries are concussions. Methods Soccer is a sport not traditionally identified as high risk for concussions, yet several studies have shown that concussion rates in soccer are comparable to, and often exceed those of, other contact sports. As many as 22% of all soccer injuries are concussions. Head injury during soccer is usually the result of either "direct contact" or contact with the ball while "heading" the ball. Relationships between the number of headers sustained in a single season and the degree of cognitive impairment (attention and visual/verbal memory) have been demonstrated. It is also likely that multiple concussions may cause cumulative neuropsychologic impairment in soccer players. Results Although our understanding of risk factors for sports-related concussions is far from complete, there is great potential for prevention in sports-related concussions. Several measures must be taken to avert the development of concussions in soccer and, when they take place, reduce their effects. These include the development and testing of effective equipment during play, the maintenance of regulatory standards for all such equipment, educating young athletes on the safe and appropriate techniques used during play, and strict adherence to the rules of competition. Conclusions In spite of such preventive measures, concussions in soccer will continue to occur. Considering the frequency of concussions in soccer, the serious sequelae of these concussions, and because almost half of concussed soccer players were noncompliant with recommended American Academy of Neurology return-to-play guidelines, further measures must be taken to protect players, in addition to understanding those criteria that result in removing an injured player from competition and the steps by which to safely return an athlete to competition after injury.
Perceived consequences associated with the use of beer, wine, distilled, spirits, and wine coolers

Based on a national probability sample of 2, 401 Americans aged 21 and over (1, 069 of whom were deemed “drinkers” on the basis of having drunk at least one alcoholic beverage in the past 7 days), this study examines which of six specific problems people associate with the use of beer, distilled spirits, wine, and wine coolers. It was found that people are most likely to associate alcoholism, birth defects, drunk driving, and fighting and rowdy behavior equally with these four types of alcohol. But when beverage associations are made, distilled spirits and beer are blamed most frequently for these problems, whereas wine and wine coolers are virtually never thought of as being closely related to any of the problems under study. It was also determined that nearly 1 out of every 7 drinkers surveyed stated that birth defects are unrelated to alcohol use of any kind
Vascular targeted therapy with anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 in advanced solid tumors

Purpose Based on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression on the vasculature of solid tumors, we performed a phase I trial of antibody J591, targeting the extracellular domain of PSMA, in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. This was a proof-of-principle evaluation of PSMA as a potential neovascular target. The primary end points were targeting,toxicity, maximum-tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics (PK), and human antihuman antibody (HAHA) response. Patients and Methods Patients had advanced solid tumors previously shown to express PSMA on the neovasculature. They received 111Indium (111ln)-J591 for scintigraphy and PK, followed 2 weeks later by J591 with a reduced amount of 111In for additional PK measurements. J591 dose levels were 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg. The protocol was amended for six weekly administrations of unchelated J591. Patients with a response or stable disease were eligible for re-treatment. Immunohistochemistry assessed PSMA expression in tumor tissues. Results Twenty-...
Malnutrition and vaccination in developing countries

Malnutrition contributes to an estimated 45% of deaths among children under 5 years of age in developing countries, predominantly due to infections. Malnourished children therefore stand to benefit hugely from vaccination, but malnutrition has been described as the most common immunodeficiency globally, suggesting that they may not be able to respond effectively to vaccines. The immunology of malnutrition remains poorly characterized, but is associated with impairments in mucosal barrier integrity, and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction. Despite this, the majority of malnourished children can mount a protective immune response following vaccination, although the timing, quality and duration of responses may be impaired. This paper reviews the evidence for vaccine immunogenicity in malnourished children, discusses the importance of vaccination in prevention of malnutrition and highlights evidence gaps in our current knowledge.
An end-end approach to wireless Web access

We propose a lightweight scheme for negotiating client capabilities in the context of end-end content adaptation for wireless Web access. Our method is much less complex then W3C's proposed CC/PP framework. We suggest that for the purposes of content negotiation, all (mobile) clients could be grouped into a few relatively large categories. With this assumption, we simplify the CC/PP protocol and implement it as an Apache module. The paper describes the simple CC/PP protocol, issues related to its implementation, and performance measurements.
Korean honorifics and politeness in second language learning

Korean honorifics and politeness in second language learning, by Lucien Brown, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA, John Benjamins, 2011, 311 pp., US$149.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-90-272-5610-2 Korean is one ...
The cost-effectiveness of four treatments for marijuana dependence

Aim—To analyze data from a randomized clinical trial to determine the cost-effectiveness of using contingency management (CM) and motivational/skills building therapy (motivational enhancement therapy/cognitive-behavioral therapy: MET/CBT) to treat young adults with marijuana dependence. Participants, design and measurements—A total of 136 marijuana-dependent young adults, all referred by the criminal justice system, were randomized to one of four treatment conditions: MET/CBT with CM, MET/CBT without CM, drug counseling (DC) with CM and DC without CM. Patient outcome measures include the longest duration of confirmed marijuana abstinence (LDA) during treatment and the total number of marijuana-free urine specimens provided during treatment. Costs were collected retrospectively from the provider and include the costs of therapy, patient drug testing, and those associated with the incentives component (value of vouchers, time to administer the voucher system). Setting—Out-patient substance abuse clinic in New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Findings—Which treatment is the most cost-effective depends on the threshold values of an additional week of LDA or an additional marijuana-free urine specimen. For example, the most effective treatment, MET/CBT with CM, was also the most cost-effective treatment at the highest threshold values, while the least effective treatment, DC, was the most cost-effective at the lowest values. Because consensus threshold values for these patient outcomes do not exist, results are presented showing the ranges of values over which each treatment would be considered cost-effective compared to the others. Acceptability curves are presented to show the decision uncertainty associated with these ranges. The results are shown to be robust to (i) sensitivity analyses on several key cost parameters and (ii) patient outcomes measured during the 6-month follow-up period. Conclusions—This study uses incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and acceptability curves to shed light on the relative cost-effectiveness of four interventions for treating young adults with marijuana dependence. Given the relatively small and specialized nature of our study sample, and the fact that we examined a CM procedure with a single reinforcement schedule, additional studies are warranted to determine the reliability and generalizability of our results both to alternative marijuana-using populations and to CM procedures with alternative incentive parameters. Nevertheless, the relative durability of effects of MET/CBT compared to DC through the 6-month follow-up, and its cost-effectiveness over a comparatively wide range of threshold values, underscores the promise of this approach.
Pursuit-evasion games in the presence of obstacles

This paper studies planar pursuit-evasion games in the presence of obstacles that inhibit the motions of the players. The goal is to construct the dominance regions, where a point in the plane is said to be dominated by one of the players if that player is able to reach the point before the opposing players, regardless of the opposing players' actions. The key achievements of the paper are to provide the dominance regions and to show that an analysis of dominance provides a complete solution to the game. This paper also presents a study of the effects of obstacles by comparing the dominance regions in the presence and absence of obstacles. The obstacles considered include line segments and polygons as well as obstacles that have asymmetric effects on the players. As part of the discussion, a novel, multiplayer pursuit-evasion game is also presented. It features three players on two teams, and it can be used to model rescue scenarios and biological behaviors. The solution of this game cannot be determined from the previous literature, but the methods provided in this paper are used to determine dominance and solve the game.
REMPI spectroscopy of HfF

Abstract The spectrum of electronic states at 30 000–33 000 cm −1 in hafnium fluoride has been studied using (1 + 1) resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and ( 1 + 1 ′ ) REMPI. Six Ω ′ = 3 / 2 and ten Π 1 / 2 vibronic bands have been characterized. We report the molecular constants for these bands and estimate the electronic energies of the excited states using a correction derived from the observed isotope shifts. When either of two closely spaced Π 1 / 2 electronic states is used as an intermediate state to access autoionizing Rydberg levels, qualitatively distinct autoionization spectra are observed. The intermediate state-specificity of the autoionization spectra bodes well for the possibility of using a selected Π 1 / 2 state as an intermediate state to create ionic HfF + in various selected quantum states, an important requirement for our electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) search in HfF + .
Effects of an Extrinsic Reward on Intrinsic Motivation: A Field Experiment

In this article the author attempts to add to the research on the relationship between intrinsic employee motivation and the expectation of a reward based upon performance. The author asserts that ...
Updates in advanced diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the evaluation of prostate cancer

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is considered part of the standard imaging protocol for the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer. It has been proven valuable as a functional tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prostate cancer beyond anatomical MRI sequences such as T2-weighted imaging. This review discusses ongoing controversies in DW-MRI acquisition, including the optimal number of b-values to be used for prostate DWI, and summarizes the current literature on the use of advanced DW-MRI techniques. These include intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, which better accounts for the non-mono-exponential behavior of the apparent diffusion coefficient as a function of b-value and the influence of perfusion at low b-values. Another technique is diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Metrics from DKI reflect excess kurtosis of tissues, representing its deviation from Gaussian diffusion behavior. Preliminary results suggest that DKI findings may have more value than findings from conventional DW-MRI for the assessment of prostate cancer.
Migrating Partial Seizures in Infancy

A national surveillance study in conjunction with the British Paediatric Neurology Unit was undertaken to further define the clinical, pathological and molecular genetic features of migrating partial seizures of infancy (MPSI), a rare early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with poor prognosis.
Expanding our AutoLISP Toolbox

This chapter explains the contracts of numerous AutoLISP functions. By now we’re quite familiar with how AutoLISP works, and it’s time for us to add subrs to our toolbox.
Control of the hydrogen content of diamond-like carbon films deposited using unbalanced magnetron sputtering

The possible sources of hydrogen contamination of Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) films deposited using Unbalanced Magnetron (UBM) sputtering of carbon from a graphite target have been studied. Without deliberate introduction of hydrogen or hydrocarbon gas, magnetron sputtered DLC can contain significant amounts of hydrogen, from 4 to 23 %, by changing the base pressure (or residual gas pressure, rgp) of the deposition system from 3 × 10 −6 to 4 × 10 −5 Torr . This hydrogen contamination contributes to a large change in the optical band gap (0.2 to 1.0 eV ) and lowers the density of the films. The hydrogen content in the films comes from water vapor in the deposition system, mainly absorbed in the graphite target, which is dissociated and/or ionized in the plasma. Hydrogen gas has been introduced up to a pressure of 7 × 10 −1 Torr at a base pressure of˜1 × 10 −1 Torr in order to simulate high residual gas pressure conditions. The properties of the plasma and the films produced at high base pressures have been compared to those at a high partial pressure of hydrogen gas. For the plasma properties, the electron temperature, T e , and the ion density, n i , were measured by using a double Langmuir probe. The films were characterized by using Ultraviolet-Visible, Rutherford Backscattering/Elastic Recoil, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopies (UV-VIS, RBS/ERS, and XPS).
Electron Impact-Induced Fragmentations of 2-Benzothiazole Sulfenamides and Related Compounds. Correlation with Rubber Vulcanization Activity

Abstract A correlation has been made between the activity of commercial rubber accelerators and vulcanizing agents and their mass spectral fragmentation patterns.
Paternal preconception ethanol exposure blunts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsivity and stress-induced excessive fluid intake in male mice.

A growing number of environmental insults have been shown to induce epigenetic effects that persist across generations. For instance, paternal preconception exposures to ethanol or stress have independently been shown to exert such intergenerational effects. Since ethanol exposure is a physiological stressor that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we hypothesized that paternal ethanol exposure would impact stress responsivity of offspring. Adult male mice were exposed to chronic intermittent vapor ethanol or control conditions for 5 weeks before being mated with ethanol-naive females to produce ethanol (E)- and control (C)-sired offspring. Adult male and female offspring were tested for plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels following acute restraint stress and the male offspring were further examined for stress-evoked 2-bottle choice ethanol-drinking. Paternal ethanol exposure blunted plasma CORT levels following acute restraint stress selectively in male offspring; females were unaffected. In a stress-evoked ethanol-drinking assay, there was no effect of stress on ethanol consumption. However, C-sired males exhibited increased total fluid intake (polydipsia) in response to stress while E-sired males were resistant to this stress-induced phenotype. Taken together, these data suggest that paternal ethanol exposure imparts stress hyporesponsivity to male offspring.
Improved active mirror geometry Cr:Nd: GSGG amplifier

We have improved the performance of the active mirror geometry Cr:Nd:GSGG amplifier beyond that reported on last year.1 Our goals were to improve the repetition rate, essentially eliminate the bending due to the single-sided pumping, and reduce the active birefringence of the device, all without compromising the small-signal gain. We accomplished these objectives by making several modifications to our initial design. Our mirror has been thinned to 6.35 mm.
Crystallization of Zinc Finger Proteins Bound to DNA

A method is presented for determining conditions for the cocrystallization of zinc finger proteins with DNA. The method describes steps beginning with protein expression, through purification, design of DNA for cocrystallization, and the conditions to screen for cocrystallization.
Delinquency and Deviance

The relationship between religion, juvenile delinquency, and deviance in general has been explored for many years. In fact, some of the seminal works in the discipline of sociology addressed the association between religion and deviant behaviors such as crime and suicide. This chapter reviews theory and research that has addressed the relationship between various aspects of religiosity and deviance, including juvenile delinquency, suicide and suicidal ideation, and sexual deviance; as well as studies that have examined religion as deviance. The chapter concludes with a discussion of three areas that require attention in order to improve our understanding of the association between religion and deviance.
Grounding line retreat of Pope, Smith, and Kohler Glaciers, West Antarctica, measured with Sentinel-1a radar interferometry data

We employ Sentinel-1a C band satellite radar interferometry data in Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans mode to map the grounding line and ice velocity of Pope, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, in West Antarctica, for the years 2014–2016 and compare the results with those obtained using Earth Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-1/2) in 1992, 1996, and 2011. We observe an ongoing, rapid grounding line retreat of Smith at 2 km/yr (40 km since 1996), an 11 km retreat of Pope (0.5 km/yr), and a 2 km readvance of Kohler since 2011. The variability in glacier retreat is consistent with the distribution of basal slopes, i.e., fast along retrograde beds and slow along prograde beds. We find that several pinning points holding Dotson and Crosson ice shelves disappeared since 1996 due to ice shelf thinning, which signal the ongoing weakening of these ice shelves. Overall, the results indicate that ice shelf and glacier retreat in this sector remain unabated.
Designing a Cloud-Based Infrastructure for Spectrum Sensing: A Case Study for Indoor Spaces

We argue that spectrum sensing on mobile clients will be both necessary and feasible if we wish to manage the white space spectrum optimally in indoor spaces. We demonstrate the necessity with a set of empirical measurements showing the need for fine grained sensing. We demonstrate the feasibility by building a spectrum sensing infrastructure that collects measurements from sensing devices to analyze and better use spectrum resources. The infrastructure consists of mobile spectrum sensors that are built using DTV receiver dongles interfaced with Android-based mobile devices and a cloud-based central server to manage such sensing devices. We also show results about resource consumption (energy, network overhead) involved in operating such sensors. The vision is ultimately creating a system where mobile devices perform part-time spectrum sensing in a coordinated fashion under the control of a central spectrum manager. We lay out the research challenges based on our initial prototyping and benchmarking experience.
E-cigarette Use Among Students and E-Cigarette Specialty Retailer Presence Near Schools

Abstract Objective This study examined the association between presence of e-cigarette specialty retailers near schools and e-cigarette use among middle and high school students in Orange County (OC), CA. Methods The OC subsample of the 2013–2014 California Healthy Kids Survey (N=67,701) was combined with geocoded e-cigarette retailers to determine whether a retailer was present within one-quarter mile of each public school in OC. Multilevel logistic regression models evaluated individual-level and school-level e-cigarette use correlates among middle and high school students. Results Among middle school students, the presence of an e-cigarette retailer within one-quarter mile of their school predicted lifetime e-cigarette use (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.02, 2.83), controlling for confounders but no effect for current use. No significant effect was found for high school students. Conclusions E-cigarette specialty retailers clustered around schools may be an environmental influence on student e-cigarette experimentation.
Is it risky to go green? A volatility analysis of the green bond market

Since its inception in 2007, the green bond market has experienced a compound growth rate of 50% annually. In 2014, green bond issuance totaled USD 36.6 billion, more than threefold its previous ye...
Alanine Racemase from Staphylococcus aureus: Conformation of Its Substrates and Its Inhibitor, D-Cycloserine

D-Cycloserine is a competitive inhibitor of alanine racemase for which its Ki is 100 times smaller than the Km for either of the substrates, D- and L-alanine. L-Cycloserine, however, does not inhibit this enzyme. A hypothesis is proposed, based on molecular models, that D-cycloserine has the conformation required of the substrates on the enzyme surface. L-Cycloserine cannot have this conformation.
The limits to risk aversion: Part 2: The permission point and worked examples

Abstract Part 2 extends the analysis to show that it is possible to find the “permission point”, the value of (the coefficient of relative) risk-aversion, at which decisions to sanction environmental protection are most likely to be made. The mathematical model describes the process by which the decision maker varies his risk-aversion over a range of feasible values to find the risk-aversion that will give him the greatest desire to invest in the protection system under consideration. If he can find such a risk-aversion before losing discrimination (because the system is too expensive, given its performance), he will adopt it as his “permission point” and decide in favour of the expenditure. The permission point is, of course, bounded above by the point of indiscriminate decision. A maximum Risk Multiplier calculated at the point of indiscriminate decision may be applied to the protection expenditure at monetary break-even to give the maximum, rational outlay on protection. Moreover, it is possible to model how the average UK adult should take decisions on protection to maximise his utility. Different situations will call for different values of risk-aversion, which may explain why economists have come up with differing estimates of this parameter in the past. However, a central, average risk-aversion may be calculated for the average UK adult as 0.85, which is within 4% of the value, 0.82, found from the newly reported method based on a trade-off between income and future free time, and is consistent with several recent economic estimates. Worked examples assess how much an organisation should spend on a protection scheme to prevent accidents with very large environmental consequences.
Especulação cambial e moeda internacional: Tobin versus Keynes

O presente artigo elabora, a partir de Keynes, uma proposta de reformulacao da ordem monetaria internacional, de modo a diminuir os efeitos negativos da especulacao cambial e a fomentar o crescimento economico. O trabalho tambem examina criticamente propostas alternativas atualmente em debate e, particularmente, evidencia os limites da Taxa de TobinAbstractThe article presents a Keynes-based proposal of reform of the international monetary system. This reformed system would be able to curb currency speculation and to support economic growth. The paper also approaches, in a critical way, some of the alternative proposals currently under debate, particularly throwing evidence on the limits of the Tobin tax.Key-words: International monetary system. Currency speculation. Tobin tax. Keynes, John Maynard, 1883-1946. Tobin, James, 1918-
Surface Wave Dynamics in Delaware Bay and Its Adjacent Coastal Shelf

This study presents a broad overview of surface gravity wave dynamics in Delaware Bay and the adjacent continental shelf by employing the wave model Simulating Waves Nearshore one-way coupled to the ocean model Regional Ocean Modeling System for a period from 2006-2012. The distributions of simulated wave statistics agree well with observations obtained from three wave buoys located on the shelf, in the bay near the open ocean, and about 35 km up the bay. A partitioning analysis to separate the two-dimensional wave height spectrum into wind-forced and swell parts reveals that waves on the shelf are predominantly remotely generated swell. Bathymetric refraction shelters the bay from energetic open ocean waves, which is supported by an idealized ray tracing analysis. Waves near the bay entrance are also refracted by oblique tidal currents, whose refraction characteristics critically depend on the detailed spatial distributions of the currents. Opposing tidal currents, flowing against the wave propagation direction, focus wave energy outside the bay entrance and in the deeper bay channels, where currents are relatively strong. A spectral partitioning analysis for waves in the bay indicates that less energetic wave fields are likely not directly forced by the wind. More energetic waves, on the other hand, are dominantly driven by winds and the wave response in the bay depends on the fetch-setting wind direction. Our results for wind-driven waves in the bay are consistent with previous fetch-limited observations, but we find a systematic bias between wind and wave directions due to bathymetric refraction.
The Importance of Immigration With Future Research About School Safety

The U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention has stressed that school violence is a top public health concern due to long-lasting detrimental effects on students’ physical health and emotiona...
Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia Using Liposomal Bupivacaine Combined With Liposomal Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine.

BACKGROUND:The relatively short duration of effect of local anesthetics has been addressed by encapsulation in drug delivery systems. Codelivery with a single compound that produces an adjuvant effect on nerve block but without intrinsic local anesthetic properties can further prolong the nerve bloc
Relationship Between Weekly Patterns of Caloric Intake and Reported Weight Loss Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Although millions of overweight and obese adults use mobile phone apps for weight loss, little is known about the predictors of success. Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between weight loss outcomes and weekly patterns of caloric intake among overweight and obese adults using a mobile phone app for weight loss. Methods: We examined the relationship between weekly patterns of caloric intake and weight loss outcomes among adults who began using a weight loss app in January 2016 and continued consistent use for at least 5 months (N=7007). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors of percentage of bodyweight lost for women and men separately, including age, body mass index category, weight loss plan, and difference in daily calories consumed on weekend days (Saturday and Sunday) versus Monday. Results: In adjusted linear regression, percentage of bodyweight lost was significantly associated with age (for women), body mass index (for men), weight loss plan, and differences in daily caloric intake on Mondays versus weekend days. Compared with women consuming at least 500 calories more on weekend days than on Mondays, those who consumed 50 to 250 calories more on weekend days or those with balanced consumption (±50 calories) lost 1.64% more and 1.82% more bodyweight, respectively. Women consuming 250 to 500 calories or more than 500 calories more on Mondays than on weekend days lost 1.35% more and 3.58% more bodyweight, respectively. Compared with men consuming at least 500 calories more on weekend days than on Mondays, those consuming 250 to 500 calories or more than 500 calories more on Mondays than on weekend days lost 2.27% and 3.42% less bodyweight, respectively. Conclusions: Consistent caloric intake on weekend days and Mondays or consuming slightly fewer calories per day on Mondays versus weekend days was associated with more successful weight loss. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03136692; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03136692 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6y9JvHya4)
Thrombogenic and Arrhythmogenic Roles of the Left Atrial Appendage in Atrial Fibrillation

Understanding the anatomy, physiology, and arrhythmogenic and thrombogenic roles of the left atrial appendage (LAA) has become very important. The potential deleterious effects of this chamber in p...
Perceived Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer among African American Women in the Mississippi Delta: Does Adherence to Screening Matter?

Abstract Background Although preventive measures have greatly decreased the national burden of cervical cancer, racial/ethnic and geographic disparities remain, including the disproportionate incidence and mortality among African American women in the Mississippi Delta. Along with structural barriers, health perceptions and cultural beliefs influence participation in cervical screening. This study examined perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer among African American women in the Delta across three groups: 1) women attending screening appointments (screened), 2) women attending colposcopy clinic following an abnormal Papanicolaou test (colposcopy), and 3) women with no screening in 3 years or longer (unscreened/underscreened). Methods Data were collected during a study assessing the feasibility/acceptability of self-collected sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a cervical screening modality. A questionnaire assessed demographics, health care access, and cervical cancer knowledge and beliefs (including perceived susceptibility). Participants were asked, “Do you think you are at risk for cervical cancer?”, and responses included yes, no, and I don't know. Multinomial logistic regression models compared variables associated with answers among each group. Results Of 524 participants, one-half did not know if they were at risk of cervical cancer (50%) or HPV exposure (53%). Between the unscreened/underscreened (n = 160), screened (n = 198), and colposcopy (n = 166) groups, age (p Conclusions Differences in the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer exist between African American women in the Delta. Understanding these variations can help in developing strategies to promote screening among this population with a high burden of disease.
Studies on the retina of the gecko Coleonyx variegatus. I. The visual cell classification.

Light microscopy studies have established the retina of Coleonyx as containing only rod-type visual cells of three classes, Single rods, and two classes of Double rods. Three additional classes of rods were found in this electron microscopic study which included a Twin rod and two classes of Triplet rods. A new visual cell class nomenclature was presented and defined, and was based on the general morphology of the receptor cell and the relationship of the receptor members to each other. The terminology presented was: Single, Doublets (D 1 and D 2 ), Twin, Triplet 1 and Triplet 2 . A Quintuplet rod was described, but only one was ever found, and this class may not be of physiological significance. The receptor outer segment disks had a five-layered membrane structure when the tissue was fixed in osmium tetroxide and the sections were stained with saturated uranyl acetate at 60°C. The ellipsoid body was comprised of tightly packed mitochondria which fell into two size groups: small mitochondria (3.0–5.5 m μ ) and large mitochondria (11–18 m μ , with a few up to 35 m μ ). The distribution of the small mitochondria formed a hemisphere about the base and sides of the ellipsoids with the large mitochondria in the ellipsoid center. Two types of radially symmetrical paraboloids were described, a granular type which had a central granular mass surrounded by a system of membrane lamellae, and a membranous type which lacked the central granular mass and consisted only of radially symmetrically arranged paired membrane lamellae between which granules were located. In cross sections of the vitread paraboloid and myoid, radial plasma membrane extensions from the visual cells, the lateral fins, were seen to interdigitate freely with Muller cell cytoplasmic extentions. A function of the inner segment-paraboloid-myoid structures in relation to a possible metabolic pathway was presented and discussed.
Chapter 35 – The Analysis of HIV Dynamics Using Mathematical Models

This chapter introduces the basic model for the analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral-load decay under treatment and explains the quantitative results obtained by these models when compared with experimental data. Modeling has become an important tool in the analysis and interpretation of experiments in HIV research. The use of these models has permitted the estimation of important kinetic parameters that allow one to understand the dynamics of HIV infection, to test hypotheses, and to make new predictions. Overall, the use of models has resulted in a significantly better understanding of viral dynamics, the appearance of drug-resistant mutations, and the pathogenesis of infection. It also discusses extensions of this basic model to the analysis of viral reservoirs, primary infection, and immune responses. Finally, the chapter considers models of cellular turnover, which are closely related to pathogenesis of HIV infection. In the future, collaborations between experimentalists and modelers should lead to new ways to plan, conduct, and analyze experiments.
Genomic Reorganization of Lamin-Associated Domains in Cardiac Myocytes Is Associated With Differential Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Rationale: LMNA (Lamin A/C), a nuclear membrane protein, interacts with genome through lamin-associated domains (LADs) and regulates gene expression. Mutations in the LMNA gene cause a diverse arra...
A UNIQUE CASE OF REVERSE TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH CYCLIC VOMITING SYNDROME

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a condition associated with transient left ventricular dysfunction. One of the rare atypical variant is the reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Most common etiology is stress related catecholamine release. Cyclic vomiting syndrome is a condition associated with recurrent
Staple Food Item Availability among Small Retailers in Providence, RI

Inventory requirements for authorized Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) retailers have undergone several revisions to increase the availability of healthful foods. A proposed rule of 84 staple food items was not implemented due to concerns that stores would not withstand this expansion, resulting in a final rule requiring 36 items. This study used the Food Access Research Atlas data to characterize food provisions in 30 small retailers in areas with high and low proportions of SNAP and racial minority residents in Providence, Rhode Island (RI). Stores were assessed with an audit instrument to tally variety, perishability, and depth of stock of four staple food categories. Descriptive, analysis of variance, and chi-square analyses were performed. Across stores, 80% were compliant with the final rule, but 66.7% would need to expand their offerings to meet the proposed rule. Mean dairy variety was lowest among all categories (p < 0.05). Most stores met the perishability (92.3%) and depth-of-stock requirements (96.1%) under both rules. No difference was detected between areas with high and low proportions of SNAP and racial minority residents. Future expansion of requirements may increase healthful food availability without imposing undue burdens on retailers in Providence, RI, excluding increased requirements for dairy variety.
Conceptualizing and contextualizing with and beyond Paul Hiebert’s anthropological models: Toward a contextual trinitarian missiology in Myanmar:

The purpose of this article is threefold. First, it explores Hiebert’s critiques of western missionaries’ wrong conceptualizations of non-westerners and their non-contextualization and his proposal...
Elites and masses: the prevalence of economics and culture in nineteenth-century American party platforms

ABSTRACTScholarship on political party development in nineteenth-century America has focused on the relationship between elites and voters on the influence of policy proposals. The question is how ...
Comments on radar interference sources and mitigation techniques

Radar Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) does not always involve cooperative or even friendly environments or targets. The environment in general, and an adversary in particular, may offer numerous characteristics and impeding techniques to diminish the effectiveness of a radar ISR sensor. These generally fall under the banner of jamming, spoofing, or otherwise interfering with the Electromagnetic (EM) signals required by the radar sensor. Consequently mitigation techniques are often prudent to retain efficacy of the radar sensor. We discuss in general terms a number of mitigation techniques.
Bardaisan of Edessa and memories of Christian persecution in the Near East

According to Eusebius, the famous Edessene thinker Bardaisan wrote his work On Fate in a time of persecution and addressed it to a figure named Antoninus (HE 4.30). It is commonly surmised that this ‘Antoninus’ was a Roman emperor who sanctioned Christian persecution in some way. But scholars have varied in their interpretations. Some have identified this figure as Caracalla, who visited Edessa in 216–217. But since Eusebius situated Bardaisan’s activity in the reign of Marcus Aurelius, he is often deemed to be the Antoninus in question. As this article surmises, the testimony of Eusebius and other late antique authors, like Epiphanius, reflect certain memories both of the integration of Edessa into the Roman provincial system under Caracalla and the social tensions that it raised. But largely due to Eusebius’ narrative, late antique authors conceived of Marcus Aurelius as the ‘Antoninus’ to whom Bardaisan reportedly addressed On Fate and other apologetic work, and they created social memories of Bardaisan as a would‐be confessor in a context of persecution
Beneficial perturbation network for continual learning.

Sequential learning of multiple tasks in artificial neural networks using gradient descent leads to catastrophic forgetting, whereby previously learned knowledge is erased during learning of new, disjoint knowledge. Here, we propose a fundamentally new type of method - Beneficial Perturbation Network (BPN). We add task-dependent memory (biasing) units to allow the network to operate in different regimes for different tasks. We compute the most beneficial directions to train these units, in a manner inspired by recent work on adversarial examples. At test time, beneficial perturbations for a given task bias the network toward that task to overcome catastrophic forgetting. BPN is not only more parameter-efficient than network expansion methods, but also does not need to store any data from previous tasks, in contrast with episodic memory methods. Experiments on variants of the MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 datasets demonstrate strong performance of BPN when compared to the state-of-the-art.
Efficacy of L-leucine Supplementation Coupled With Resistance Training in Untrained Midlife Women

Objective: This study investigated the effects of leucine supplementation with resistance training (RT) in untrained peri- and postmenopausal women on fat free mass, strength, and select anabolic-r...
Oncology patients' preferences regarding sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) disclosure and room sharing.

Abstract Objective Disproportionate rates of certain cancers exist among sexual and gender minority (SGM) older adults. Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) information is important in providing individualized care. This study assessed cancer patients’ perceptions regarding SOGI questions, preferred ways to communicate SOGI information to healthcare providers and comfort in sharing room with SGM patients. Methods 225 oncology patients completed self-reported surveys. Descriptive and stratified analyses were utilized to analyze patient perceptions regarding SOGI questions and to explore differences by demographic characteristics. Results Participants reported favorable perceptions regarding gender, M = 4.48 (SD = .81), sex-at-birth, M = 4.51 (SD = .77), pronoun, M = 4.36 (SD = .87), and sexual orientation, M = 4.53 (SD = .74) questions, regardless of demographic characteristics (p > 0.05, for all stratified analyses). Overall, 56.7 % participants reported comfort in sharing room with someone of a different SO, 59.2 % cisgender men reported comfort in sharing room with a transgender man, and 37.8 % cisgender women reported comfort in sharing room with a transgender woman. Conclusion This study examined oncology patient perceptions regarding SOGI disclosure. The invisibility of SGM populations in the context of cancer care is directly attributable to the lack of SOGI data collection. Practice Implications Cancer care institutions should gather SOGI data to provide individualized care to all cancer patients.
STRIPAK Limits Stem Cell Differentiation of a WNT Signaling Center to Control Planarian Axis Scaling.

Summary Regeneration involves regulating tissue proportionality across considerable size ranges through unknown mechanisms. In planarians, which scale reversibly over 40× through regeneration, we identify the Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex as a potent negative regulator of axis length. Inhibition of two proteins in the STRIPAK complex, mob4 and striatin, dramatically increased posterior length, through expansion of a posterior wnt1+ signaling center within midline muscle cells. wnt1 was required for tail expansion after mob4 inhibition and dynamically reestablishes proportionality after amputation in normal animals, indicating STRIPAK represses Wnt signaling for scaling. Regulation of wnt1 expansion was stem cell dependent, demonstrating that control of signaling-center production through stem cell differentiation underlies proportional growth in adult regenerative tissue.