cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity to emotional distress among intelligent adolescents: A short-term prospective study

In this 6-month prospective study, interactions between intelligence and emotional distress were examined in predicting social competence among 138 inner-city adolescents. The attempt was to extend previous cross-sectional findings obtained with a similar sample of disadvantaged youth. Intelligence was assessed via a nonverbal test of cognitive abilities, and social competence was operationalized based on teacher and peer ratings and school grades. Distress variables examined in interaction with intelligence included internalizing and externalizing symptomatology as well as the more specific internalizing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Interaction effects obtained indicated that intelligent youth who reported high depression and anxiety at Time I showed decreases in social competence over time, whereas those low on initial distress showed improvements in social competence levels. No such associations between initial distress and subsequent social competence were seen among the less intelligent children. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical issues and empirical evidence in developmental psychopathology, and implications for future research are noted.
A comparison of buffered lidocaine versus ELA-Max before peripheral intravenous catheter insertions in children.

Background. Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) insertion is a common, painful experience for many children in the pediatric emergency department. Although local anesthetics such as injected buffered lidocaine have been shown to be effective at reducing pain and anxiety associated with PIV insertion, they are not routinely used. ELA-Max, a topical local anesthetic, has the advantage of needle-free administration but has not been compared with buffered lidocaine for PIV insertion. Objective. To compare the reduction of pain and anxiety during PIV insertion provided by subcutaneous buffered 1% lidocaine or topical ELA-Max in children. Methods. A randomized trial in children 4 to 17 years old undergoing PIV insertion with 22-gauge catheters was conducted. Children received either buffered lidocaine or ELA-Max. Buffered lidocaine was administered by using 30-gauge needles to inject 0.1 to 0.2 mL subcutaneously just before PIV insertion. ELA-Max was applied to the skin and occluded with Tegaderm 30 minutes before PIV insertion. Self-reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaires (rating on a scale of 1–10; 1 = no pain, anxiety) were completed by patients and their parents before PIV insertion to assess baseline perceptions about pain and anxiety associated with PIV insertion and immediately after PIV insertion to assess pain and anxiety associated with the experience. After PIV insertion, the nurse who inserted the PIV also completed a VAS questionnaire assessing technical difficulty and satisfaction with the local anesthesia. A blinded observer also completed a VAS questionnaire to assess pain and anxiety associated with the PIV insertion. Data were analyzed by using χ 2 and t tests. Results. Sixty-nine subjects were enrolled, and questionnaires were competed by all (mean age: 12.1 ± 4.5 years; 61% female). There were no differences for buffered lidocaine and ELA-Max groups in age, gender, race, prior IV experience, or baseline pain and anxiety. There were no significant differences between buffered lidocaine and ELA-Max in mean pain and anxiety after PIV insertion by patient, parent, and blinded observer ratings. Nurse ratings of technical difficulty, number of PIV-insertion attempts, and satisfaction with local anesthesia also were not significantly different for buffered lidocaine and ELA-Max groups. Conclusions. ELA-Max provided similar pain and anxiety reduction during PIV insertion in children compared with injected buffered lidocaine. Technical difficulty and satisfaction by nurses inserting the PIV also were similar.
Basic Family Budgets: Working Families' Incomes Often Fail to Meet Living Expenses around the United States

The ability of families to meet their most basic needs is an important measure of economic stability and well-being. While poverty thresholds are used to evaluate the extent of serious economic deprivation in our society, family budgets--that is, the income a family needs to secure safe and decent-yet-modest living standards in the community in which it resides--offer a broader measure of economic welfare. Basic family budgets take into account differences in both geographic location and family type. In total, this report presents basic budgets for more than 400 U.S. communities and six family types (either one or two parents with one, two, or three children). That the budgets differ by location is important, since certain costs, such as housing, vary significantly depending on where one resides. This geographic dimension of family budget measurements offers a comparative advantage over using poverty thresholds, which only use a national baseline in their measurements.
The Relationship of Signal Processing, Communication Technologies and RF Circuit Design and the Impact on the Future of RF and Microwave Education

Radio frequency engineering and hence RF and microwave education have traditionally been based on the assignment of narrow bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. As well, signals have usually been described appropriately using discrete tones. Today digitally-modulated signal are most commonly used to transmit RF signals and the bandwidth of communication channels is broadening. The broadening is taken to the limit with proposed Ultra Wideband systems. The next generation of RF and microwave hardware engineers must have an appreciation for the complexities of signals and be grounded in wideband design.
RHENIUM(I) COMPLEXES OF BIS(DIFLUOROPHOSPHINO) METHYLAMINE. THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF HEXACARBONYLDI-μ-BROMO-μ-BIS (DIFLUOROPHOSPHINO) METHYLAMINEDIRHENIUM(I)

Abstract Reaction of ReBr(CO)3(MeCN)2 with one-half an equivalent of MeN(PF2)2 forms Re2(CO)6(u–Br)2(u-MeN(PF2)2) (1) as the major product while with one equivalent of the phosphine, a mixture of 1, ReBr(CO)3(η2-MeN(PF2)2) (2) and ReBr(CO)3(η1-MeN(PF2)2)(MeCN) (3) is produced. Complex 2 is more conveniently prepared from ReBr(CO)3(THF)2 and one equivalent of the phosphine. It reacts with ReBr(CO)3(MeCN)2 to form 1 and with acetonitrile to form 3. The crystal and molecular structure of 1 has been determined. 1: Triclinic, P1; a = 6.501(3), b = 100.98(3), c = 14.722(4)A, α = 94.32(2), β = 100.93(3), γ = 107.21(3)° Z = 2; R = 0.042, R w = 0.055 for 3144 reflections (I≥3σ(I)).
Global existence and local continuity of solutions for semilinear parabolic equations

We study the semilinear parabolic equations . The potential is allowed to be in a new and general functional class characterized by one integrability condition, which controls both the global growth and local singularity of V while allowing global eistence and local continuity for solutions of the equation. Locally, the class we are proposing contains certain parabolic Morrey—Campanato spaces. Globally, the class is also general enoug to allow V under some grwoth conditions proposed by several other authors. Examples of V include and all functions in which includes, for example where e>0 and α>1. In fact the codition we are proposing is essentially optimal under certain conditions.
TIM Lecture Series Cybersecurity Metrics and Simulation

Given the continual onslaught of successful cyber-attacks against banks, governments, and retailers, one has to wonder whether any progress is being made in computer security at all. How is it possible to reconcile the huge investments that have been made in securing networks and computers with the fact that attackers are still routinely breaching what should be highly protected networks? What metrics can explain the situation and how can we evaluate those metrics through simulation or other means?
MADS-box gene expression and implications for developmental origins of the grass spikelet

Basic questions regarding the origin and evolution of grass (Poaceae) inflorescence morphology remain unresolved, including the developmental genetic basis for evolution of the highly derived outer spikelet organs. To evaluate homologies between the outer sterile organs of grass spikelets and inflorescence structures of nongrass monocot flowers, we describe expression patterns of APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like (AP1/FUL) and LEAFY HULL STERILE-like (LHS1) MADS-box genes in an early-diverging grass (Streptochaeta angustifolia) and a nongrass outgroup (Joinvillea ascendens). AP1/FUL-like genes are expressed only in floral organs of J. ascendens, supporting the hypothesis that they mark the floral boundary in nongrass monocots, and JaLHS1/OsMADS5 is expressed in the inner and outer tepals, stamen filaments and pistil. In S. angustifolia, SaFUL2 is expressed in all 11 (or 12) bracts of the primary inflorescence branch, but not in the suppressed floral bract below the abscission zone. In contrast, SaLHS1 is only expressed in bracts 6-11 (or 12). Together, these data are consistent with the hypotheses that (1) bracts 1-5 of S. angustifolia primary inflorescence branches and glumes of grass spikelets are homologous and that (2) the outer tepals of immediate grass relatives, bracts 6-8 of S. angustifolia, and the lemma/palea are homologous, although other explanations are possible.
ADSORPTION OF WATER-METHANOL MIXTURES IN CARBON AND ALUMINOSILICATE PORES : A MOLECULAR SIMULATION STUDY

A theoretical study is reported of the adsorption behaviour of water—methanol mixtures in slit carbon and in uncharged alumino-silicate micropores. The adsorption isotherms are obtained for a pore of width of 2 nm and at a temperature of 298 K from grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the graphite and uncharged silicate surfaces are covered by a dense layer of flatly adsorbed water and methanol molecules having weaker hydrogen bonding. In the interior of the pore, the fluid exhibits bulk-like behaviour with a stronger hydrogen bonded structure. Solvation forces are also calculated as a function of pore size. The positive values found for the solvation force for all pore sizes reflect the hydrophobic interactions of the mixture with the carbon and uncharged alumino-silicate walls.
Experimental verification of clock noise transfer and components for space based gravitational wave detectors

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and other space based gravitational wave detector designs require a laser communication subsystem to, among other things, transfer clock signals between spacecraft (SC) in order to cancel clock noise in post-processing. The original LISA baseline design requires frequency synthesizers to convert each SC clock into a 2 GHz signal, and electro-optic modulators (EOMs) to modulate this 2 GHz clock signal onto the laser light. Both the frequency synthesizers and the EOMs must operate with a phase fidelity of 2×10(-4)cycles/√Hz. In this paper we present measurements of the phase fidelity of frequency synthesizers and EOMs. We found that both the frequency synthesizers and the EOMs meet the requirement when tested independently and together. We also performed an electronic test of the clock noise transfer using frequency synthesizers and the University of Florida LISA Interferometry (UFLIS) phasemeter. We found that by applying a time varying fractional delay filter we could suppress the clock noise to a level below our measurement limit, which is currently determined by timing jitter and is less than an order of magnitude above the LISA requirement for phase measurements.
InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors: performance status and circuit applications

The present status and prospects of heterojunction bipolar transistors configured with InP, InGaAs and/or InAlAs on InP substrates are reviewed. The importance of ultrahigh electron velocity is highlighted. Self-aligned fabrication techniques are described, and devices with wide bandgap collectors for microwave power applications and with low turn-on voltage for digital applications are presented. Applications are discussed. Frequency dividers configured with these devices have operated to 17 GHz. >
Simple and reliable genotyping protocol for mouse PrkdcSCID mutation.

Mutant mouse models, genetically-engineered or spontaneous-mutations, serve as valuable tools for biomedical research. Genotyping of mutant mice is a critical requirement for maintaining the colony, to breed with other mutants and to match the phenotypic observations. The SCID (Severe Combine Immuno Deficiency) mouse model has been extensively used as a common background-strain in many immunology and transplantation studies. Many different types of assays, including Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), confronting two primer pairs PCR and end-point methods have been attempted for establishing a genotyping protocol for the SCID mutation. However, the best method that is thought to be reliable is sequencing, which requires additional time and resources to perform on a routine basis. In this report, we describe a novel RFLP assay that is simple and reliable. The method is validated by sequencing analysis, and this novel method can be adapted for routine genotyping of SCID model.
Automated Reagent Strip Urinalysis: Utility in Reducing Work Load of Urine Microscopy and Culture

This study correlated automated reagent strip results and urine microscopic findings, evaluated a screening protocol for use prior to microscopy, and determined whether urinalysis results could be used to reduce the frequency of negative urine cultures. Results from the reagent strip blood tests strongly correlated with the number of erythrocytes per high-power field. Reagent strip leukocyte esterase levels strongly correlated with the number of white blood cells per high-power field. A macroscopic screening protocol, using turbidity plus reagent strip protein, blood, and leukocyte esterase tests, detected more than 90% of urine specimens that contained abnormal formed elements. No combination of screening tests is effective in avoiding unnecessary urine culture when the cut point for a positive culture is 10,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of urine.
Temporal processing in the auditory core: transformation or segregation?

Scott et al. (J Neurophysiol 105: 712–730, 2011) examine temporal processing in auditory Core fields AI and R in the macaque, arguing that temporal properties are the most salient functional differ...
The spread of sharecropping in Tuscany : The political economy of transaction costs

Land tenure is central to many agricultural transformations. The author examines one of these transformations, the spread of sharecropping in late medieval and early modern Tuscany. Previous research suggested that sharecropping spread as agricultural relations were refeudalized. In contrast, the author's analyses of fixed-term and share-term leasing (sharecropping) show that landlords used sharecropping when it lowered their overall costs of labor supervision and land management. However to explain the spread of sharecropping, the Florentine political economy, which created particular patterns of land management costs and labor supervision costs, must also be considered. Florence was a well-developed center for urban manufacturing. Landlords were frequently urban merchants and they resided in Florence; these factors were crucial in shaping agricultural relations. Landlords' use of sharecropping to reduce the overall costs of land management and labor supervision increased as the distance from Florence - the site of landlords' principal activities - increased, as the size of farms increased and when crops had high costs of labor supervision and land management. Thus, the use of sharecropping to lower costs associated with agricultural production must be considered in the context of the Tuscan political economy
A 1.8 pJ/bit $16 \times 16\;\text{Gb/s}$ Source-Synchronous Parallel Interface in 32 nm SOI CMOS with Receiver Redundancy for Link Recalibration

A source-synchronous I/O architecture is reported that includes redundant receiver lanes to enable lane recalibration with reduced power and area overhead. Key features and considerations of the proposed architecture are described. A proof-of-concept 16 lane, 16 Gb/s per lane source-synchronous I/O test chip was designed and fabricated in a 32 nm SOI CMOS technology. Several circuit techniques employed in the design of this test chip are described. These include a phase rotator based on current-integrating phase interpolator cores with architecture and circuit improvements to performance as compared to prior art, an active-inductor-based RX CTLE, and an 8:1 TX serializer with 8-phase clocking. Measurements demonstrate the operation of the test chip over ultra-short-reach channels with up to 10 dB of loss with greater than 30% timing margin. The I/O circuitry operates from 1 V supplies and achieves a power efficiency of better than 2 pJ/bit, making the proposed architecture suitable for use in high-density interconnect applications required for high-performance computing systems.
Real and Generic Data without Unconstrained Best-Fitting Verhulst Curves and Sufficient Conditions for Median Mitscherlich and Verhulst Curves to Exist

A commonly taught scientific method for building mathematical models uses fi- nite computations to approximate the curve of a specified type that best fits the data, without checking whether any such best-fitting curve exists: not every regression objective need have a global unconstrained minimum. One counterexample will confute its theoretical foundation: any triple of points with super-exponential growth does not admit of any unconstrained best- fitting Verhulst logistic curve, regardless of the regression criterion. Moreover, because the set of all such triples is open, there are still no best-fitting Verhulst curves after sufficiently small but arbitrary perturbations of the data. Nevertheless, the present explanations show that through each triple of points with sub-exponential growth passes a unique Verhulst curve. Furthermore, if every triple of data grows sub-exponentially, then for the reciprocal data there exists a median Mitscherlich curve whose reciprocal is a Verhulst curve. Applications range from alchemy to zoology. 1. INTRODUCTION. This article reveals and partially fills a gap in the teaching and practice of mathematical modeling in biology. The mathematical folklore occasionally perpetuates a myth that all problems of one kind or another have a solution. For in- stance, after decades of investigations producing solutions for every specific partial dif- ferential equation, Hans Lewy's counterexample without any solution came as a "con- siderable surprise" (24, 25). As a second instance, examined in detail here, it has be- come a common practice to let machines compute the curve that fits the data "best" by minimizing an objective approximately (for instance, with floating-point arithmetic), without investigating the existence of such a "best-fitting" curve. The counterexamples presented here focus on fitting to data a function V of the type V.t/D K
Magnetic Properties of Armor Steels

The Center for Nondestructive Evaluation (CNDE) at The Johns Hopkins University has undertaken measurements on armor steels to establish a data base which will more completely characterize the magnetic properties of these materials. A hysteresigraph designed for soft ferromagnetic materials has been used to generate initial magnetization curves and B-H loops from which such parameters as coercivity, remanence, both initial and maximum permeability, and saturation induction are deduced. Test specimens cut from monolithic slabs are of various dimensions, but typically represent two to ten cubic inches of the original material. Both rolled and cast steels have been examined. Preliminary determinations of the extent of magnetic anisotropy have been made.
BREAKPOINT-FORCED AND BOUND LONG WAVES IN THE NEARSHORE: A MODEL COMPARISON

A finite-difference model is used to compare long wave amplitudes arising from two group-forced generation mechanisms in the nearshore: long waves generated at a time-varying breakpoint and the shallow-water extension of the bound long wave. Plane beach results demonstrate that the strong frequency selection in the outgoing wave predicted by the breakpoint-forcing mechanism may not be observable in field data due to this wave's relatively small size and its predicted phase relation with the bound wave. Over a bar/trough nearshore, it is shown that a strong frequency selection in shoreline amplitudes is not a unique result of the time-varying breakpoint model, but a general result of the interaction between topography and any broad-banded forcing of nearshore long waves.
Strip-tillage reduces productivity in organically managed grain and forage cropping systems in the Upper Midwest, USA.

Tillage is decreasing globally due to recognized benefits of fuel savings and improved soil health in the absence of disturbance. However, a perceived inability to control weeds effectively and economically hinders no-till adoption in organic production systems in the Upper Midwest, USA. A strip-tillage (ST) strategy was explored as an intermediate approach to reducing fuel use and soil disturbance, and still controlling weeds. An 8-year comparison was made between two tillage approaches, one primarily using ST the other using a combination of conventional plow, disk and chisel tillage [conventional tillage (CT)]. Additionally, two rotation schemes were explored within each tillage system: a 2-year rotation (2y) of corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) with a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop; and a 4-year rotation (4y) of corn, soybean, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) underseeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and a second year of alfalfa. These treatments resulted in comparison of four main management systems CT-2y, CT-4y, ST-2y and ST-4y, which also were managed under fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. Yields, whole system productivity (evaluated with potential gross returns), and weed seed densities (first 4 years) were measured. Across years, yields of corn, soybean and wheat were greater by 34% or more under CT than ST but alfalfa yields were the same. Within tillage strategies, corn yields were the same in 2y and 4y rotations, but soybean yields, only under ST, were 29% lower in the fertilized 4y than 2 yr rotation. In the ST-4y system yields of corn and soybean were the same in fertilized and non-fertilized treatments. Over the entire rotation, system productivity was highest in the fertilized CT-2y system, but the same among fertilized ST-4y, and non-fertilized ST-2y, ST-4y, and CT-4y systems. Over the first 4 years, total weed seed density increased comparatively more under ST than CT, and was negatively correlated to corn yields in fertilized CT systems and soybean yields in the fertilized ST-2y system. These results indicated ST compromised productivity, in part due to insufficient weed control, but also due to reduced nutrient availability. ST and diverse rotations may yet be viable options given that overall productivity of fertilized ST-2y and CT-4y systems was within 70% of that in the fertilized CT-2y system. Closing the yield gap between ST and CT would benefit from future research focused on organic weed and nutrient management, particularly for corn.
Phase I lead-in to a 2x2x2 factorial trial of dose-dense temozolomide, memantine, mefloquine, and metformin as postradiation adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma (GBM).

TPS2106 Background: Treatment for GBM is an area of unmet need. Despite optimal therapy, survival is poor and 2nd line therapies are scarce. There is an urgent need to find better treatments for re...
Introduction to Neuro-Inspired Computing Using Resistive Synaptic Devices

This chapter gives an overview of the field of neuro-inspired computing using resistive synaptic devices. First, we discussed the demand for developing neuro-inspired architecture that is beyond today’s von Neumann architecture. Second, we summarized the various approaches to designing the neuromorphic hardware (digital vs. analog, spiking vs. non-spiking) and reviewed the recent progresses of array-level demonstrations of resistive synaptic devices. Then, we discussed the desired device characteristics of the resistive synaptic devices and introduced the crossbar array architectures to implement the weighted sum and weight update operations. Finally, we discussed the challenges for mapping learning algorithms to the neuromorphic hardware and building large-scale system using resistive synaptic devices.
Microscopic derivation of multichannel Hubbard models for ultracold nonreactive molecules in an optical lattice

Recent experimental advances in the cooling and manipulation of bialkali-metal dimer molecules have enabled the production of gases of ultracold molecules that are not chemically reactive. It has been presumed in the literature that in the absence of an electric field the low-energy scattering of such nonreactive molecules (NRMs) will be similar to atoms, in which a single $s$-wave scattering length governs the collisional physics. However, Do\ifmmode \mbox{\c{c}}\else \c{c}\fi{}aj et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 135301 (2016)] argued that the short-range collisional physics of NRMs is much more complex than for atoms and that this leads to a many-body description in terms of a multichannel Hubbard model. In this work we show that this multichannel Hubbard model description of NRMs in an optical lattice is robust against the approximations employed by Do\ifmmode \mbox{\c{c}}\else \c{c}\fi{}aj et al. to estimate its parameters. We do so via an exact, albeit formal, derivation of a multichannel resonance model for two NRMs from an ab initio description of the molecules in terms of their constituent atoms. We discuss the regularization of this two-body multichannel resonance model in the presence of a harmonic trap and how its solutions form the basis for the many-body model of Do\ifmmode \mbox{\c{c}}\else \c{c}\fi{}aj et al.. We also generalize the derivation of the effective lattice model to include multiple internal states (e.g., rotational or hyperfine). We end with an outlook to future research.
Induction of oligodendrocyte apoptosis by C2-ceramide.

Tumor necrosis factor-α induces oligodendrocytes apoptosis, and is known to stimulate the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to form the lipid mediator, ceramide. These data encouraged us to determine whether ceramide itself is able to induce apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. For this purpose the cell-permeable ceramide analog, C2-ceramide was used. Treatment of bovine oligodendrocyte cell cultures with this compound induced cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The induction of cell death was specifically associated with the action of C2-ceramide and could not be elicited by dioctanoylglycerol (DC8) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Treatment of the cultures with neutral sphingomyelinase, which increased the hydrolyses of endogenous sphingomyelin, resulted in oligodendrocyte death, whereas exposure of the cells to phospholipase C and A2 did not. C2-ceramide treatment caused DNA fragmentation. Morphologic analysis of the cells showed that C2-ceramide treatment resulted in a loss of their processes, reduction of cell volume, chromatin condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. These results indicate that ceramide can induce oligodendrocyte apoptosis, and suggest that sphingolipid metabolism plays a key role in the regulation of this process.
Solvation Structure of Surface-Supported Amine Fragments: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Amine-grafted silica gel is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation and draws much attention in green chemistry for applications like heavy metal adsorption and CO2 fixation. Despite its successful usage in diverse areas, fundamental questions remain on how the silica substrate affects the local chemical environment of the tethered amines. In this work, we use all-atom molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the solvation structures of two primary amines tethered onto a silica surface at different pHs of aqueous solutions. The atomic density profiles in the solvation shell are analyzed with a spherical harmonics expansion method for both isolated and silica-supported amines in different aqueous environments. The simulation results provide direct evidence for the strong influence of the silica surface on the hydration structure that is often ignored in the theoretical analysis of surface reactions. The surface effect becomes less prominent on the tethered amine as the alky...
Influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil or meal on the structure of lipid microdomains in bovine luteal cells.

Biological membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins that form lipid microdomains. This study examined the effects of fish byproducts on lipid-protein interactions within lipid microdomains of bovine luteal cells. In Exp. 1 and 2, luteal cells were prepared from corpora lutea (CL; n = 4 to 8) collected at an abattoir. Exp. 1 was conducted to optimize ultrasonication in a detergent-free protocol for isolation of lipid microdomains. A power setting of 10 to 20% was effective in isolating lipid microdomains from bulk lipid. In Exp. 2, cells were cultured in control medium or fish oil to determine influence of fish oil on distribution of lipid microdomain markers and prostaglandin F2α (FP) receptors. Cells treated with fish oil had a smaller percentage of microdomain markers and FP receptor in microdomains (P < 0.05). In Exp. 3 and 4, cells were prepared from mid-cycle CL obtained from cows supplemented with corn gluten meal (n = 4) or fish meal (n = 4). Exp. 3 examined effects of dietary supplementation on distribution of lipid microdomain markers and FP receptor and Exp. 4 on fatty acid composition within lipid microdomains. A smaller percentage of lipid microdomain markers and FP receptor was detected in microdomains of cells collected from fish meal supplemented animals (P < 0.05). In Exp. 4, a greater percentage of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was detected in bulk lipid from fish meal supplemented cows (P < 0.05). Results show that fish byproducts influence lipid-protein interactions in lipid microdomains in bovine luteal cells.
Further Methods of Derivation of Quarterly Figures from Annual Data

Quarterly figures may be required when only a sequence of yearly totals is available. This article discusses some reasonable procedures to “interpolate” these quarterly figures.
A Decade of Research and Practice of Diaspora Philanthropy in the Asia Pacific Region: The State of the Field

This paper provides an overview of research on diaspora philanthropy to the Asia Pacific region over the past ten years (1997-2008), with a focus on diaspora giving to China, India, the Philippines, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, and other countries in the Asia Pacific region. It identifies practices in social investment and social entrepreneurship through strategic philanthropy by migrants and discusses how these may have facilitated sustainable social change and development in the diasporas' communities of origin; analyzes the enabling environment for diaspora philanthropy in the key countries of the region with respect to its degree of conduciveness in allowing or encouraging diaspora giving; and focuses on identifying and analyzing the gaps in research on diaspora philanthropy in Asia. The paper was prepared for presentation to the international conference on diaspora philanthropy convened by the Asia Pacific Philanthropy Consortium in Hanoi, Vietnam in May 2008.
Mathematical Maturity for Engineering Students

Facing increased pressure to improve retention and graduation rates, engineering departments are increasingly scrutinizing whether they are getting their desired outcomes from core mathematics coursework. Since mathematics courses are a significant source of attrition and many engineering faculty are unhappy with students’ mathematical abilities, more engineering departments are increasingly looking at drastic options of taking students out of mathematics courses and teaching students mathematics themselves. To mitigate this trend, it may be valuable to better understand what engineering faculty hope students learn from their mathematics coursework. When engineering faculty explain why they require these high-failure prerequisites, many claim that “mathematical maturity”, not calculus skill, is the desired outcome of completing the core math sequence of courses. To better understand what engineering faculty mean by “mathematical maturity”, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of how 27 engineering faculty members define “mathematical maturity”. We found that these engineering faculty believed that the mathematically mature student would have strong mathematical modeling skills supported by the ability to extract meaning from symbols and the ability to use computational tools as needed. Faculty frequently lamented that students had underdeveloped epistemic beliefs that undermined their modeling skills, thinking that mathematics is unrelated to the real world and has little practical value. They attributed these dysfunctional epistemic beliefs to their perception that mathematics is too often taught without genuine physical context and realistic examples. We suggest potential avenues for reform that will allow mathematics departments to better serve their client departments in engineering and thus retain control of their courses.
Failing to Fail: The Effect of Cognitive Biases on Investment in Innovation

There is a growing literature on the positive role that failure may play in organizational learning. Hypothetically, firms that can learn from past failures in innovation may be able to leverage th...
Choroid plexus perfusion and intracranial cerebrospinal fluid changes after angiogenesis

Recent studies have provided evidence that cortical brain ischemia may influence choroid plexus function, and such communication may be mediated by either traditional CSF circulation pathways and/o...
An Analysis of Physician Behaviors During the Holocaust: Modern Day Relevances

Even with the passage of time, the misguided motivations of highly educated, physician-participants in the genocide known as the Holocaust remain inexplicable and opaque. Typically, the physician-patient relationship inherent within the practice of medicine, has been rooted in the partnership between individuals. However, under the Third Reich, this covenant between a physician and patient was displaced by a public health agenda that was grounded in the scientific theory of eugenics and which served the needs of a polarized political system that relied on this hypothesis to justify society’s racial hygiene laws. As part of the National Socialist propaganda, Adolf Hitler ominously argued that the cultural decline of Germany after World War I could largely be based on interbreeding and a “resultant drop in the racial level.” This foundational premise defined those who could be ostracized, labeled and persecuted by society, including those who were assimilated. The indoctrination and implementation of this distorted social policy required the early and sustained cooperation and leadership of the medical profession. Because National Socialism promised it could restore Germany’s power, honor and dignity, physicians embraced their special role in the repair of the state. This article will explore the imperative role, moral risks and deliberate actions of physicians who participated in the amplification process from “euthanasia” to systemic murder to medically-sanctioned genocide. A goal of this analysis will be to explore what perils today’s physicians would face if they were to experience the transitional and collective behaviors of a corrupted medical profession, or if they would, instead, have the fortitude and courage necessary to protect themselves against this collaboration. Our premise is that an awareness of history can serve as a safeguard to the conceit of political ascendency and discrimination.
Patient health-seeking behavior on WeChat: Social media and dermatology.

The increasing presence of social media in dermatology has led to fundamental changes in how patients interact with the health care system. We present a case of a health-related pitfall associated with this technological shift.
The Importance of Teaching History of Inequities in Public Health Programs

Learning the history of inequities is typically not a major part of public health degree programs but can be fundamental to truly understanding health inequities and identifying potential solutions...
Self-report versus clinical interview: Discordance among measures of binge eating in a weight-loss seeking sample.

Obese, behavioral weight-loss (BWL) seeking individuals may be prone to over-reporting binge-eating (BE). However, many studies rely on self-reported measures of BE in this population, which may be inaccurate. As such, this is the first-ever study to examine the concordance rates among one self-reported and one clinician- administered measure of BE in a BWL-seeking sample with overweight/obesity. At baseline of a BWL trial, participants (N = 94) completed two measures of BE: The Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the interview-based Eating Disorder Examination (EDE, Overeating section). Cohen’s kappa detected poor agreement between measures (κ < 0). A paired samples t-test detected large, significant differences in OBE frequency across the EDE-Q and EDE, p < 0.001. The self-reported EDE-Q detected a significantly greater frequency of OBEs compared to the EDE (MEDE-Q = 0.73, SD = 1.29 vs. MEDE = 0.06, SD = 0.34). The EDE-Q detected that approximately 50% of participants have experienced OBEs, while the EDE detected that only 5% of participants have experienced OBEs. The frequency of OBEs detected by the EDE-Q was statistically greater than the frequency of OBEs detected by the EDE, p < 0.001. Results suggest poor agreement between one self-reported measure and the “gold-standard,” clinician-administered measure of BE in a BWL-seeking sample with overweight/obesity. The EDE-Q exhibited high sensitivity but low-to-moderate specificity of OBEs, with the number of false positives (41) outweighing that of true positives (4). Studies measuring BE in this population should consider relying solely on assessor-administered measures, as this sample may require clinical guidance or clarification on the definition and features of BE. Level V, cross-sectional, descriptive study.
A generalized workflow for conducting electric field–optimized, fMRI-guided, transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to stimulate the cerebral cortex that has applications in psychiatry, such as in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Although many TMS targeting methods that use figure-8 coils exist, many do not account for individual differences in anatomy or are not generalizable across target sites. This protocol combines functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and iterative electric-field (E-field) modeling in a generalized approach to subject-specific TMS targeting that is capable of optimizing the stimulation site and TMS coil orientation. To apply this protocol, the user should (i) operationally define a region of interest (ROI), (ii) generate the head model from the structural MRI data, (iii) preprocess the functional MRI data, (iv) identify the single-subject stimulation site within the ROI, and (iv) conduct E-field modeling to identify the optimal coil orientation. In comparison with standard targeting methods, this approach demonstrates (i) reduced variability in the stimulation site across subjects, (ii) reduced scalp-to-cortical-target distance, and (iii) reduced variability in optimal coil orientation. Execution of this protocol requires intermediate-level skills in structural and functional MRI processing. This protocol takes ~24 h to complete and demonstrates how constrained fMRI targeting combined with iterative E-field modeling can be used as a general method to optimize both the TMS coil site and its orientation. The authors describe an approach for optimizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and iterative electric-field stimulation.
Structural and electronic properties of layered nanoporous organic nanocrystals

In this work, we present the optimized geometric stacking of several layered nanoporous organic nanocrystals (NONs) and the stacking effect on their electronic structure. Hexagonal layered structures, C12H6-h2D, B6N6H6-h2D and C6N6-h2D are built from aromatic organic molecular units benzene, borazine and 1,3,5-triazine, respectively while oblique structures, C10N2H4-o2D, C8N4H2-o2D, C10P2H4-o2D and C10As2H4-o2D, are built from pyridine, 1,3-diazine, phosphinine and arsinine, respectively. Our density functional theory calculations show stacking energy profiles of NONs that are similar to graphene in both the stand-alone and bulk C12H6-h2D and B6N6H6-h2D structures while the rest of the studied layered materials deviate from the perfect AB stacking. The number of layers as well as the stacking configuration significantly influence the electronic properties of these materials. Indirect to direct band gap crossovers from the bulk to monolayers are observed in all of the NONs except in C6N6-h2D which exhibits a direct band gap in both the monolayer, isolated few-layers, and bulk. Furthermore, it is observed that the electronic nature of C10As2H4-o2D changes from a semiconducting character in the isolated monolayer to a metallic character in the bulk. The porous nature and the stability of these layered NONs combined with the electronic properties observed in this work point at them as valuable materials for potential applications in nanoelectronics and gas separation membranes, as well as deep ultraviolet optoelectronics and laser devices.
Effects of early-life exposure to Western diet and voluntary exercise on adult activity levels, exercise physiology, and associated traits in selectively bred High Runner mice.

Abstract Exercise behavior is under partial genetic control, but it is also affected by numerous environmental factors, potentially including early-life experiences whose effects persist into adulthood. We studied genetic and early-life environmental effects on wheel-running behavior in a mouse model that includes four replicate high runner (HR) lines selectively bred for increased voluntary wheel running as young adults and four non-selected control (C) lines. In a full factorial design, mice from each line were granted wheel access or not and administered either standard or Western diet (WD) from weaning (3 weeks old) to 6 weeks of age (sexual maturity). In addition to acute effects, after a washout period of 8 weeks (∼6 human years) in which all mice had standard diet and no wheel access, we found both beneficial and detrimental effects of these early-life exposures. During the first week of treatments, WD increased distance run by 29% in C mice and 48% in HR mice (significant Diet × Linetype interaction), but diet effects disappeared by the third week. Across the three weeks of juvenile treatment, WD significantly increased fat mass (with lean mass as a covariate). Tested as adults, early-life exercise increased wheel running of C mice but not HR mice in the first week. Early-life exercise also reduced adult anxiety-like behavior and increased adult fasted blood glucose levels, triceps surae mass, subdermal fat pad mass, and brain mass, but decreased heart ventricle mass. Using fat mass as a covariate, early-life exercise treatment increased adult leptin concentration. In contrast, early-life WD increased adult wheel running of HR mice but not C mice. Early-life WD also increased adult lean mass and adult preference for Western diet in all groups. Surprisingly, early-life treatment had no significant effect on adult body fat or maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). No previous study has tested for combined or interactive effects of early-life WD and exercise. Our results demonstrate that both factors can have long-lasting effects on adult voluntary exercise and related phenotypes, and that these effects are modulated by genetic background. Overall, the long-lasting effects of early-life exercise were more pervasive than those of WD, suggesting critical opportunities for health intervention in childhood habits, as well as possible threats from modern challenges. These results may be relevant for understanding potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with the obesity epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic.
Case 3. Eczema Molluscatum in a Patient with Erythrodermic Mycosis Fungoides

Mycosis fungoides (MF) patients have an increased risk of cutaneous infections by multiple mechanisms including extracutaneous lymphoma involvement and consequent immunosuppression, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and disruption of the skin barrier due to bullous subtypes of disease, scratching, or iatrogenic ulcers. Additionally, patients with greater body surface area affected by MF and those with long-standing MF have a higher likelihood of infection In this case report, the author present disseminated infection of the skin in MF patient by poxvirus.
Taking the Temperature on Machine Perfusion

Advances in machine perfusion technology have significantly improved organ utilization. However, consensus regarding the best dynamic preservation modality remains elusive. In this report, we evaluate recent results of clinical studies for different perfusion modalities and review new avenues of basic science aimed at organ rehabilitation. Randomized clinical trials of normothermic and hypothermic perfusion for liver preservation have demonstrated excellent patient and graft survival. Additional strategies that combine multiple preservation modalities show promise in maximizing utilization of severely injured grafts. Studies of machine perfusion with adjunct therapeutics for organ rehabilitation are being actively explored in the pre-clinical setting with potential for rapid translation into clinical trials. As machine perfusion becomes more widely incorporated into routine clinical use, graft utilization and transplant outcomes are likely to further improve. Logistics considerations that expand the use of this technology while minimizing costs will foster its broader adoption. Therapeutic strategies that aim to rehabilitate untransplantable grafts have the potential to greatly expand the pool of donor organs for transplantation, thereby easing the organ shortage.
Subordinating Freedom of Expression to Human Dignity: Promoting or Undermining Journalism—A Case of Zimbabwe

Motivated by a 2014 Constitutional Court opinion that under Zimbabwe’s new constitution of 2013, freedom of expression might have to be considered as subordinate to human dignity, the study analyse...