cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon radio recombination line emission from dark clouds

We review the observations of carbon and sulfur radio recombination line emission from CII regions that are associated with dark interstellar clouds. Such CII regions detectable by their radio recombination line radiation share several characteristics: they are all excited by.an early B-type star that is embedded within or closely associated with a dense (n k, 104 cm3) neutral cloud; the exciting star is identifiable both as a near infrared point source and as an extended source of far infrared thermal dust emission; the CII region coincides with a localized region of enhanced molecular line emission. We summarize the physical properties (temperature and density) of the CII regions as derived from the recombination line observations and comment on prospects for further research.
Ratios of α-to β-globin mRNA and regulation of globin synthesis in reticulocytes

THE genomes of several mammalian species contain at least two α globin loci and a single β globin locus so that the ratio of α- to β-globin genes is 2 : 1 or more1–3. Despite this difference in number of genes, reticulocytes from these species synthesise equal numbers of α- and β-globin chains indicating that compensatory regulation must occur. Cytoplasmic mRNA is an intermediate between the gene and globin protein, and it has been suggested that the cellular α/β mRNA ratio is an important factor in achieving balanced globin synthesis4–6. We report here an excess of 30% α mRNA on reticulocyte polysomes of rabbits, mice, and sheep. Our data also illustrate the potential for errors in studies in which only poly(A)+ RNA is assayed.
Inversion of timed Petri nets

A timed Petri net is viewed as an input-output system, where the input is a sequence of transition lifetimes, and the output is the resulting sequence of transitions, markings, and transition epochs. The Petri net is observed via an observation map. The problem of extracting the transition lifetimes is investigated from observations of the output, referred to as inversion. A necessary and sufficient condition for the invertibility of Petri nets is given. For an invertible Petri net, an algorithm to extract the transition lifetimes from the output observations is given. As an application, the problem of structural sensitivity analysis is considered by generating trajectors of perturbed systems with the extract transition lifetimes. >
A Search for Deep Impact’s Large Particle Ejecta

The Deep Impact encounter with the nucleus of 9P/Tempel ejected small grains (a ~ 100 micron) ejected by the impact will likely have the lowest ejection velocities and will weakly interact with solar radiation pressure. Therefore, large particles may remain near the nucleus for weeks or months after ejection by Deep Impact. We present initial highlights of our Spitzer Space Telescope/MIPS 24 micron camera program to image comet 9P/Tempel at 30, 80, 420, and 560 days after the Deep Impact encounter. The MIPS data, combined with our dynamics model, enable detection of large dust grains potentially ejected by Deep Impact.
Barriers to Employment Among Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries in the Mental Health Treatment Study.

Objective:This study examined barriers to employment among Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) beneficiaries who received comprehensive vocational and mental health services but were not successful in returning to work.Methods:This study examined barriers to employment among 430 SSDI beneficiaries with mental disorders who received evidence-based vocational and mental health services for two years but worked less than one month or not at all. Comprehensive care teams, which included employment specialists, made consensus judgments for each participant, identifying the top three barriers to employment from a checklist of 14 common barriers.Results:Teams most frequently identified three barriers to employment: poorly controlled symptoms of mental illness (55%), nonengagement in supported employment (44%), and poorly controlled general medical problems (33%). Other factors were identified much less frequently.Conclusions:Some SSDI beneficiaries, despite having access to comprehensive services, contin...
Subgroup properties of fully residually free groups

We prove that fully residually free groups have the Howson property, that is the intersection of any two finitely generated subgroups in such a group is again finitely generated. We also establish some commensurability properties for finitely generated fully residually free groups which are similar to those of free groups. Finally we prove that for a finitely generated fully residually free group the membership problem is solvable with respect to any finitely generated subgroup.
Reassessing After-Hour Arrival Patterns and Outcomes in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Introduction: Differences in after-hours capability or performance of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) centers has the potential to impact outcomes of patients presenting outside of regular hours. Methods: Using a prospective observational study, we analyzed all 1,247 non-transfer STEMI patients treated in 15 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilities in Dallas, Texas, during a 24-month period (2010-2012). Controlling for confounding factors through a variety of statistical techniques, we explored differences in door-to-balloon (D2B) and in-hospital mortality for those presenting on weekends vs. weekdays and business vs. after hours. Results: Patients who arrived at the hospital on weekends had larger D2B times compared to weekdays (75 vs. 65 minutes; KW=48.9; p 16 minutes longer than those who arrived during business hours and a higher likelihood of mortality (OR 2.23, CI [1.15-4.32], p<0.05). Conclusion: Weekends and after-hour PCI coverage is still associated with adverse D2B outcomes and in-hospital mortality, even in major urban settings. Disparities remain in after-hour STEMI treatment. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(3):388–394.]
The RHIC real time data link system

The RHIC Real Time Data Link (RTDL) System distributes to all locations around the RHIC ring machine parameters of general interest to accelerator systems and users. The system, along with supporting host interface, is centrally located. The RTDL System is comprised of two module types: the Encoder Module (V105) and the Input Module (V106). There is only one V105 module, but many (up to 128) Input Modules. Multiple buffered outputs are provided for use locally or for retransmission to other RHIC equipment locations. Machine parameters are generated from the V115 Waveform Generator Module (WFG) or from machine hardware and coupled directly through a fiber optic serial link to one of the V106 input channels.
La mise en jeu de la ville dans « Les aurores montréales » de Monique Proulx

L’auteure analyse le travail d’ecriture que suscite Montreal dans « Les aurores montreales » de Monique Proulx a l’aide de la notion de jeu telle qu’elle est conceptualisee par Hans-Georg Gadamer. L’auteure propose ainsi de considerer l’experience esthetique de la ville comme une maniere de se comprendre a travers l’autre.
Distinct IL-4 response mechanisms of the MHC gene Aα in different mouse B cell lines

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a multipotent cytokine which stimulates proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, induces B lymphocyte expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and Fc epsilon R II (CD23) molecules, and promotes immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and IgG1. The mechanisms by which IL-4 induces these changes are unclear. To study the basis for heterogeneity in induction of class II MHC proteins observed in splenic B cells, three mouse B cell lines were treated with IL-4, and the response of MHC class II A alpha mRNA was analyzed. Each of the three cell lines responded with a distinctive profile. In one line, 70Z/3, A alpha mRNA was induced greater than 10 fold by 65 hr of IL-4 stimulation. Additional studies showed that A alpha mRNA was stabilized by IL-4 treatment of 70Z/3 cells, and that changes in gene transcription accounted for little of the increase in mRNA levels. A second line, WEHI.231, was shown to increase A alpha mRNA levels 4 fold after 48 hr of IL-4 treatment. In contrast to 70Z/3, when A alpha mRNA stability in the IL-4 treated WEHI.231 cells was compared to untreated cells, no difference was observed, IL-4 treatment induced A alpha transcription. The third cell line, M12.4.1, expressed high basal levels of A alpha, and these levels increased only slightly following IL-4 stimulation. The small increase correlated with a comparable transcriptional response. These data shown that the nature of the A alpha gene response to IL-4 differs among B cell lines. This heterogeneity of response is consistent with responses in total splenic B cells, and with the existence of functionally distinct subpopulations of B cells.
Psychosocial Effects of Workplace Hazardous Exposures: Theoretical Synthesis and Preliminary Findings

Physical and chemical risks are conspicuously absent from the sociological literature on how work affects personality. This paper is a preliminary exploration of the effects on workers of daily uncertainty about chemical risks to their health. A central contention is that whether or not the danger of toxic exposures is real, worry and uncertainty about the danger result in increased anxiety, fatalism, depression, and lowered self-esteem. A preliminary analysis of 1989 NORC General Social Survey data examines the effects of “unhealthy” and “dangerous” workplaces on worker depression, fatalism, and anomie.
Positioning the Role of Collaborative Planning in Grocery Supply Chains

Supply chain integration is to a large extent still only a promise, despite considerable efforts by organizations and their customers and suppliers. Lack of visibility across the supply chain together with adversarial relationships between members are significant barriers to supply chain integration. Collaborative planning, originating from the consumer packaged goods industry, is an approach that promises to overcome these barriers, and through join planning and development of a clearer understanding of the dynamics of the supply chain replenishment process to deliver some of the promised benefits of supply chain integration. To help position the concept of collaborative planning, various collaborative initiatives such as vendor‐managed inventory (VMI) and continuous replenishment (CR) and collaborative planning (CP) are reviewed. The evolution and the value of various collaborative planning initiatives are presented as well as how these initiatives are positioned within the overarching concept of supply chain management. Finally, a future research agenda is suggested.
The Incorporation of a Platinated Cross-Link into Duplex DNA Yields an Uptake of Structural Water

The anticancer activity of cisplatin arises from its ability to bind covalently to DNA, forming primarily intrastrand cross-links to adjacent guanine residues. This work is an effort to understand ...
MONOTONE ITERATIONS FOR NONLINEAR OBSTACLE PROBLEM

The existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions are proved for the obstacle problem with semilinear elliptic partial differential equations of second order. Computationally effective algorithms are provided and application made to steady state problem for the logistic population model with diffusion and an obstacle to growth.
Evidence for the hepatic metabolism of some monoalkylhydrazines.

Abstract In vitro experiments have indicated the presence of a microsomal enzyme system in rat liver which is capable of converting various simple monoalkylhydrazines to their parent hydrocarbons, as determined by gas chromatography. These reactions were found to require oxygen and a NADPH-regenerating system for maximum activity. In the absence of a NADPH-regenerating system, the oxidized forms of FAD, FMN, and NADP enhanced the rate of the reaction. Methylhydrazine was converted to methane at a rate of ~1.0 mμmole/120 min/mg microsomal protein. Reactivity appeared to be nearly the same for the following hydrazines: Methyl-, ethyl-, n -propyl-, isopropyl-, and n -butylhydrazine. The requirement for NADPH and oxygen suggests that the enzyme may be related to other NADPH-dependent oxidases in the microsomes.
Climate and global grain yield variability

Historical grain yields from several countries were analyzed to determine the variability of grain yield. This was accomplished by assuming a linear technology trend and analyzing the deviations from this trend. The deviation was assumed to be primarily an effect of weather. Using 10 percent deviation from trend as a threshold, it was determined that for each of seven countries the probability of a poor yield year ranged from 17 in India and the United States to 33 percent in Canada and the U.S.S.R. The probability of two consecutive poor wheat yield years was highest in Canada (17 percent) and lowest in Argentina (6 percent). The probability of a poor year occurring in the same year in both the United States and the U.S.S.R. was about 7–8 percent. The highest variability in yield has occurred in Canada, but variability in India has increased substantially since the 1960's.
Swine influenza vaccines: current status and future perspectives

Swine influenza is an important contagious disease in pigs caused by influenza A viruses. Although only three subtypes of influenza A viruses, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2, predominantly infect pigs worldwide, it is still a big challenge for vaccine manufacturers to produce efficacious vaccines for the prevention and control of swine influenza. Swine influenza viruses not only cause significant economic losses for the swine industry, but are also important zoonotic pathogens. Vaccination is still one of the most important and effective strategies to prevent and control influenza for both the animal and human population. In this review, we will discuss the current status of swine influenza worldwide as well as current and future options to control this economically important swine disease.
Influence of air drying and soil gas‐phase carbon dioxide on DTPA‐extractable iron in calcareous soils

Abstract The extraction of a field‐moist soil with DTPA will result in a level of extractable iron (Fe) lower than that of the air‐dried soil. Soil gas‐phase carbon dioxide (CO2) levels may be considerably higher than ambient atmospheric levels, especially in wet soils in the field. This study was undertaken to determine whether gas‐phase CO2 level influences the quantity of Fe extracted by DTPA. Three moist calcareous soils were incubated for 21 days, each at three different partial pressures of CO2, after which the moist soils were extracted with DTPA. A sample of each soil was also air dried, and was subsequently extracted with DTPA. In each case, DTPA‐extractable Fe from the moist sample was lower than that from the air‐dried sample; however, DTPA‐extractable Fe increased with increasing CO2 partial pressure of in the moist soils. DTPA‐extractable Fe concentration for a given soil following air drying was not significantly influenced by the CO2 partial pressure during incubation of the originally fiel...
Optimization of Two-Stage Measurements of T1

Abstract A recent analysis of the optimization of adaptive T1 measurements based on inversion-recovery (IR) experiments is extended to allow for the use of fast-inversion-recovery (FIR) experiments in either of the two stages of the experiment. FIR experiments can be carried out more quickly than IR experiments but individual measurements are inherently less precise. Both types of experiments are considered, with a fixed number of times at which measurements are made and with a fixed total running time. The results of the investigation suggest that an optimal two-stage experiment with a fixed number of measurements makes use of the FIR technique in the first stage and IR in the second. When the total running time is fixed, it is generally better to use FIR in both stages.
Blending Voices: Negotiating Educational Choices for Upper/Middle Class Well-Educated Interracial Couples' Children

Education is a critical parenting issue that may have a strong racial component. Using the framework of Cultural Contracts Theory, this study seeks to explore how interracial couples negotiate priorities on education as they raise their children. We found that couples' strategic choices displayed (a) distinct attitudes about the meaning of a good education, (b) distinct identification priorities depending on their particular minority background, and (c) the influence of intersecting factors such as generational variables related to socioeconomic status, immigrant background, and individual and partner conflict resolution style preferences. The choices also demonstrated tendencies to (a) identify overlapping roles common to each culture, (b) honor the mother's role, and (c) value 2 cultures and 2 perspectives. Unlike research marking interracial relationships as dysfunctional, interracial couples have the benefit of multiple perspectives and show willingness to have quasi-completed and cocreated cultural c...
Thermal conductivity reduction by nanophononic metamaterials

Engineered manipulation of phonons can yield beneficial thermal properties in semiconducting materials. One pivotal application relates to thermoelectric materials, or the concept of conversion of a temperature difference into an electric voltage and vice-versa. The ability to use nanostructuring to reduce the thermal conductivity without negatively impacting the power factor provides a promising avenue for achieving high values of the thermoelectric energy conversion figure-of-merit, ZT. In this work, we propose a novel nanostructured material configuration that seeks to achieve this goal. Termed "nanophononic metamaterial," the configuration is based on a silicon thin-film with a periodic array of pillars erected on one or two of the free surfaces. The pillars qualitatively alter the base thin-film phonon spectrum due to a hybridization mechanism between their local resonances and the underlying atomic lattice dispersion. Using an experimentally-fitted lattice dynamics- based model, we conservatively predict a drop in the thermal conductivity to as low as 50% of the corresponding uniform thin-film value despite the fact that the pillars add more phonon modes to the spectrum.
Administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine to parents of high-risk infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE. Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccination is recommended for adults who are in contact with infants who are younger than 12 months and in the NICU. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine administration to parents in a tertiary care, level III NICU and to measure its effect on vaccination rates among parents of this high-risk population. METHODS. For a 4-month period from July to October 2007, all parents of admitted patients were informed of the risks and benefits of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine by placing an information letter at their infant9s bedside. All staff were educated about the dangers of pertussis infection and instructed to reinforce the need to obtain vaccination. Immunization was available for 20 hours per day at no cost. Student9s t tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS. During the study period, 352 children (598 eligible parents) were admitted to the NICU at gestational ages ranging from 23 to 42 weeks, and 495 (82.8%) parents were offered the vaccine. Overall vaccination rate was 86.9% (430 parents) of the screened population. Fifty-five (11.1%) parents in the screened cohort refused vaccination, predominately citing pertussis as an insignificant health threat or disbelief in vaccination. There were no differences in vaccination rate on the basis of parental age. No allergic reactions to vaccination were observed. The 54 infants whose parents were not offered vaccine had a significantly shorter length of stay, higher birth weight, and higher gestational age than parents who were offered vaccine. CONCLUSIONS. Administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine in the NICU is an effective means of increasing vaccination rates of parents of this population. Logistic barriers persist when implementing this program for infants with a short (
Still out in the cold? Russia's place in a globalizing world

Abstract This article examines some of the implications of current debates in international relations for Russian foreign policy. The focus is on Russian foreign policy analysis and not the international relations debates per se. The article begins by discussing the way Russian policy is fractured along the dimensions of security, economics and cultural identity – each corresponding to a different geopolitical vector. The second half discusses how recent developments in international security impact on Russian foreign policy debates.
Body Ventilator Use for the Ventilatory Support of Individuals with Neuromuscular Disease

Over one hundred individuals with progressive neuromuscular disease, including about fifty individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), whose lives have been prolonged by three to ten years using body ventilators up to 24 hours a day, have been described. Since noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) methods of ventilatory support were not available to the great majority of these individuals, and many also had inadequate access to effective noninvasive methods of airway. secretion clearance, many patients were forced to prematurely undergo tracheostomy for continued ventilatory assistance and airway secretion management. Negative pressure body ventilators (NPBVs) were most commonly used for nocturnal support, and the intermittent abdominal pressure ventilator (IAPV) was the body ventilator of choice for daytime aid. Of the former, the iron lung was most popular for nocturnal support in the home. However, portable iron lungs, wrap style ventilators, and the convenient chest she...
Association of morbidity with extent of resection and cavernous sinus invasion in sphenoid wing meningiomas

Sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) typically are histologically benign, insidious lesions, but the propensity of these tumors for local invasion makes disease control very challenging. In this review, we assess whether the degree of resection and extent of cavernous sinus invasion affects morbidity, mortality, and recurrence in patients with SWM. A comprehensive search of the English-language literature was performed. Patients were stratified according to extent of resection and extent of cavernous sinus invasion, and tumor recurrence rate, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. A total of 23 studies and 131 patients were included. Overall recurrence and surgical mortality rate were 11% and 2%, respectively (average follow-up = 65 months). Cranial nerve III palsy was significantly associated with incompletely versus completely resected SWMs (7 to 0%) as well as meningiomas with cavernous sinus invasion versus no sinus invasion (14 vs. 0%). No significant difference in tumor recurrence rate was noted between these groups. In conclusion, complete excision of SWMs is always recommended whenever possible, but surgeons should acknowledge that there is nonetheless a chance of recurrence and should weigh this against the risk of causing cranial nerve injuries.
The ability of nonspecific T-cell stimulators to induce helper-cell-dependent increases in either polyclonal or isotype-restricted Ig production in vivo

Abstract In order to delineate the various roles of T cells in B-cell activation, mice were exposed to a variety of specific or nonspecific T-cell stimuli including mitogens, e.g., concanavalin A, adjuvants, e.g., complete Freund's adjuvant, and colchicine plus nonimmunogenic doses of antigen, anti-lymphocyte serum, and pathogens and their spleens analyzed for total class-specific immunoglobulin-secreting cells as indicators of helper cell generation. The results demonstrate that, depending on the mode of stimulation, markedly different Ig-secreting cell response patterns were induced, differing with respect to their kinetics and the isotype induced. In contrast to polyclonal T-cell stimuli such as concanavalin A and 17X lethal malaria which induced increases in all classes of Ig-recruiting cells, injection of many T-cell-activating agents resulted in the selective production of IgG clones in particular IgG 1. Such findings are discussed in terms of the different mechanisms of T-cell help and provide further evidence for functional heterogeneity in the T-helper-cell pool.
Wave operators and similarity of certain non-normal one-parameter groups

This paper starts from a self-adjoint Schrodinger operator H(0) for three particles. If the interaction is dilation-analytic, H(0) has an analytic continuation H(ϕ) (ϕ>0). G(t,ϕ) (−∞<t<∞) which is uniformly bounded but not normal. The group G(t,ϕ) has invariant subgroups G(t,a,ϕ) (a=1,...,M) giving rise to wave operators W(±,a,ϕ) with generalized inverses W†(±,a,ϕ) defined as strong limits, when t→±∞, of t-dependent operators. The wave operators establish transformations under which the subgroups are similar to unitary groups. The scattering matrix determined by G(t,ϕ) is diagonal with respect to a.
Fiber scrambling for precise radial velocities at Lick and Keck Observatories

The detection of Earth analogs with radial velocity requires extreme Doppler precision and long term stability. Variations in the illumination of the slit and of the spectrograph optics occur on time scales of seconds and minutes, primarily because of guiding, seeing and focusing. These variations yield differences in the instrumental profile (IP). In order to stabilize the IP, we designed a fiber feed for the Hamilton spectrograph at Lick and for HIRES at Keck. Here, we report all results obtained with these fiber scramblers. We also present the design of a new double scrambler/pupil slicer for HIRES at Keck.
Electron-Proton Colliding Beams at Fermilab

This report describes a design study for an electron-proton colliding beam facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. This work has been carried out over several years, largely in summer studies in 1976 and 1977 and brought in the conceptual design stage described in this report by a more concentrated effort during the end of 1977 and the beginning of 1978.
OCLC WorldCat as a Cooperative Catalog

Traditionally, “cooperative cataloging” has emphasized the importance of very high standards, with the goal of cataloging “once and for all,” and the creation of records that can be used without alteration. By this definition, only a small percentage of the records ever created are cooperative. By another definition, the Online Computer Library Center's (OCLC's) WorldCat is the largest cooperative catalog ever, allowing ongoing editing of records created by tens of thousands of libraries. This article challenges catalogers to rethink practices in terms of a world catalog. Standards need to be more flexible, to encompass records from many sources. Catalog maintenance should become more cooperative and make better use of automation.
Method for steady-state, isothermal measurement of thermoelectric materials

A new method for characterizing thermoelectric materials is described. By using non-contact radiative heat flow, parasitic heat flows that will otherwise cause error can be reduced to negligible levels. Having precise knowledge of the steady-state heat flows under conditions with low parasitics allows for accurate determination of thermal conductivity as well as bulk and thin-film device performance metrics including coefficient of performance. Measurement of thermal conductivity of bulk (Bi,Sb) 2 (Se,Te) 3 alloy sample was 1.49 Watt/meter-K.
Abstract 2032: Regulation of MUC1 expression by activated EGFR and PPARγ in human uterine and pancreatic cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Many epithelial tumors including endometrial and pancreatic cancers, overexpress the high molecular weight, transmembrane mucin, MUC1, on their cell surface. Overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 makes tumor cells poorly adherent, increases drug resistance and promotes cancer cell metastasis. MUC1 has three distinct domains: an extracellular domain (ECD) composed of a tandem repeat region rich in serine, threonine and proline; a transmembrane domain (TM) and; a short cytoplasmic tail domain (CT) involved in a variety of signal transduction events. Previous studies (Wang et al. 2010. Mol. Endocrinol. 24: 1368-1379) demonstrated that the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone severely inhibits progesterone stimulated MUC1 expression. Two independent approaches were used to determine if rosiglitazone as well as inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity reduced MUC1 expression in the human uterine epithelial cell line, HES, the uterine adenocarcinoma cell line, HEC-1A, and in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, HPAFII and CAPAN2. EGFR activation by Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulated (1.5-2 fold) MUC1 protein expression 1.5-2.0 fold in both uterine and pancreatic cancer cells, while treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478, reduced both basal and stimulated MUC1 protein expression. Furthermore, the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitatzone, markedly (> 90%) reduced EGFR-driven MUC1 expression detected by antibodies directed against the MUC1 ECD and CT. A combination of biochemical and molecular biological assays have been used to identify the transcriptional and signal transduction pathways activated by EGFR leading to increased MUC1 expression and the impact of AG1478 and rosiglitazone on these events. Understanding the molecular basis of how these agents reduce MUC1 expression may offer novel therapeutic avenues to improve cancer chemotherapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2032. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2032
The LHC case: could a lawsuit shut it down?

The possibility of the Large Hadron Collider destroying the Earth could yet be debated in court. Who would win such a case?
The Inattentive Type of ADHD As a Distinct Disorder: What Remains To Be Done

I commend Milich and colleagues for their well-reasoned position that the predominantly inattentive type (PIT) of ADHD is a distinct disorder, not a subtype of ADHD. Several issues pertain to future research. Among these are the need to recognize that attention is multidimensional such that several distinct disorders of attention are likely to be identified besides ADHD, one now being PIT. Of great immediacy is the need to expand and refine the symptom list that best distinguishes this disorder from others and to pursue neuropsychological studies using double-dissociation methods that can elaborate the unique psychological domains affected by PIT. In doing so, it will be critical to identify the domains of impairment adversely affected by PIT.
Cerebral metabolite and adenylate energy charge recovery following 10 min of anoxia

Abstract The isolated, perfused, dog brain preparation was used to investigate the effect of a 10-min period of anoxia and subsequent recovery in 13 separate experimments. The adenylate energy charge, a regulatory parameter with a normal value of 0.90 for brain, decreased to 0.39 during anoxia and recovered to 0.92 within 15 min after oxygen restoration. Glucose uptake and lactate efflux were elevated during the final 3 min of anoxia, but returned to control levels during the recovery period. The concentrations of cerebral metabolites 15 min after restoration of oxygen indicate that phosphofructokinase is impeded, and the activity of hexokinase is reduced, thereby slowing the glycolytic flux to the preanoxic rate. It is concluded that glucose metabolisms is not irreversibly affected by energy charge levels below 0.5 and that other mechanisms may play an equally important role in regulation.
The role of the methyltransferase domain of bifunctional restriction enzyme RM.BpuSI in cleavage activity.

Restriction enzyme (REase) RM.BpuSI can be described as a Type IIS/C/G REase for its cleavage site outside of the recognition sequence (Type IIS), bifunctional polypeptide possessing both methyltransferase (MTase) and endonuclease activities (Type IIC) and endonuclease activity stimulated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) (Type IIG). The stimulatory effect of SAM on cleavage activity presents a major paradox: a co-factor of the MTase activity that renders the substrate unsusceptible to cleavage enhances the cleavage activity. Here we show that the RM.BpuSI MTase activity modifies both cleavage substrate and product only when they are unmethylated. The MTase activity is, however, much lower than that of M1.BpuSI and is thought not to be the major MTase for host DNA protection. SAM and sinefungin (SIN) increase the Vmax of the RM.BpuSI cleavage activity with a proportional change in Km, suggesting the presence of an energetically more favorable pathway is taken. We further showed that RM.BpuSI undergoes substantial conformational changes in the presence of Ca2+, SIN, cleavage substrate and/or product. Distinct conformers are inferred as the pre-cleavage/cleavage state (in the presence of Ca2+, substrate or both) and MTase state (in the presence of SIN and substrate, SIN and product or product alone). Interestingly, RM.BpuSI adopts a unique conformation when only SIN is present. This SIN-bound state is inferred as a branch point for cleavage and MTase activity and an intermediate to an energetically favorable pathway for cleavage, probably through increasing the binding affinity of the substrate to the enzyme under cleavage conditions. Mutation of a SAM-binding residue resulted in altered conformational changes in the presence of substrate or Ca2+ and eliminated cleavage activity. The present study underscores the role of the MTase domain as facilitator of efficient cleavage activity for RM.BpuSI.
Offset of the vacuolar potential of Characean cells in response to electromagnetic radiation over the range 250 Hz-250 kHz

Measurements were made of the small, transient offsets of vacuolar potential produced in single cells of Nitella flexilis and Chara braunii by isolated bursts of audio frequency electromagnetic radiation. The offsets increased in magnitude with decreasing frequency of the electromagnetic radiation and, below about 6 kHz, seemed to approach a low-frequency asymptote. This frequency dependence for the offset is shown to be in accordance with a previously developed model in which the incident radiation is weakly rectified by the cell's membrane system.
Dynamic evolution of liquid-liquid phase separation during continuous cooling

Abstract Solidification from a multiphase fluid involves many unknown quantities due to the difficulty of predicting the impact of fluid flow on chemical partitioning. Real-time x-ray radiography has been used to observe liquid–liquid phase separation in Al90In10 prior to solidification. Quantitative image analysis has been used to measure the motion and population characteristics of the dispersed indium-rich liquid phase during cooling. Here we determine that the droplet growth characteristics resemble well known steady-state coarsening laws with likely enhancement by concurrent growth due to supersaturation. Simplistic views of droplet motion are found to be insufficient until late in the reaction due to a hydrodynamic instability caused by the large density difference between the dispersed and matrix liquid phases.
Atmospheric research and electromagnetic telecommunication — Part II: Telecommunication-oriented research programs in fiscal year 1964

The concluding portion of this two-part article presents an analysis of telecommunication-oriented atmospheric research in the United States for the fiscal year 1964 For a research program to be considered an atmospheric science program, we have required that physical information about the atmosphere, rather than just the electrical channel characteristics of the transmission medium, be obtained. Propagation studies that do not give physical information about the atmosphere have therefore been excluded. Examples of studies excluded are compilations of statistics of transmission loss, phase, or bandwidth, unless these are used to deduce physical information about the atmosphere. In addition, for a research program to qualify for inclusion in this analysis it must be, in the view of the reporting organization, directed toward understanding atmospheric effects on electromagnetic propagation rather than toward one of the other objectives of the Interdepartmental Committee for Atmospheric Sciences (ICAS), such as “scientific understanding.”
Peacefully coexisting on a wide screen: Kinopanorama vs. Cinerama, 1952–66

ABSTRACTIn 1952, the widescreen revolution in American cinema began with the introduction of Cinerama, a film projection system that engaged audiences by means of an enormous, deeply curved screen and multichannel stereophonic sound. Several years later, the Soviet Union unveiled its own panoramic process known as Kinopanorama. While Cinerama's travelogues took viewers to exotic locales throughout the non-communist world, Kinopanorama focused on the achievements of the Soviet Union. Both Kin6opanorama and Cinerama impressed viewers in their own countries and won recognition in many others. In particular, the first two Kinopanorama films had a six-week run in New York City in the summer of 1959 as part of an official Soviet exhibition, itself the product of a cultural exchange agreement. Kinopanorama and Cinerama later added dramatic features to their repertoire, which originally consisted solely of documentaries. But the systems were too costly and cumbersome to maintain, so, after travelling a remarkably...
Affective learning, teacher clarity, and student motivation as a function of attributional confidence

This study examined the differences in student affective learning, teacher clarity, and student motivation as a function of attributional confidence. More specifically, the degree to which students’ report being able to predict the behavior of his/her teacher should be related to affect toward course and instructor, teacher clarity, and student motivation. Results indicated significant positive correlations between attributional confidence and affective learning, student motivation, and teacher clarity. Results are discussed in terms of implications for Uncertainty Reduction Theory.
Careers as tournaments: The impact of sex and gendered organizational culture preferences on MBAs' income attainment

Drawing on gender role theory and tournament theory, we examined the effects of sex and organizational culture preferences on the incomes of MBA graduates over an 8-year period. We found that masculine culture preferences led to higher income 4 years after graduation and, in contrast to previous research, the effect was stronger for women. By 8 years after graduation, however, men's rate of income increase was significantly higher than women's, an effect that was mediated by hours worked per week. These findings clarify some of the conflicting results of previous research on the effects of gender roles on women's careers and suggest that a tournament-like aspect of careers may account for higher incomes in organizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wisdom, the Body, and Adult Learning: Insights from Neuroscience.

This chapter looks to neuroscience and an evolutionary perspective on sacred knowing to explore the connection between embodied learning and wisdom.
Sensitivity of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v4.7 results for the eastern United States to MM5 and WRF meteorological drivers

Abstract. This paper presents a comparison of the operational performances of two Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model v4.7 simulations that utilize input data from the 5th-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological models. Two sets of CMAQ model simulations were performed for January and August 2006. One set utilized MM5 meteorology (MM5-CMAQ) and the other utilized WRF meteorology (WRF-CMAQ), while all other model inputs and options were kept the same. For January, predicted ozone (O3) mixing ratios were higher in the Southeast and lower Mid-west regions in the WRF-CMAQ simulation, resulting in slightly higher bias and error as compared to the MM5-CMAQ simulations. The higher predicted O3 mixing ratios are attributed to less dry deposition of O3 in the WRF-CMAQ simulation due to differences in the calculation of the vegetation fraction between the MM5 and WRF models. The WRF-CMAQ results showed better performance for particulate sulfate (SO42−), similar performance for nitrate (NO3−), and slightly worse performance for nitric acid (HNO3), total carbon (TC) and total fine particulate (PM2.5) mass than the corresponding MM5-CMAQ results. For August, predictions of O3 were notably higher in the WRF-CMAQ simulation, particularly in the southern United States, resulting in increased model bias. Concentrations of predicted particulate SO42− were lower in the region surrounding the Ohio Valley and higher along the Gulf of Mexico in the WRF-CMAQ simulation, contributing to poorer model performance. The primary causes of the differences in the MM5-CMAQ and WRF-CMAQ simulations appear to be due to differences in the calculation of wind speed, planetary boundary layer height, cloud cover and the friction velocity (u∗) in the MM5 and WRF model simulations, while differences in the calculation of vegetation fraction and several other parameters result in smaller differences in the predicted CMAQ model concentrations. The performance for SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ wet deposition was similar for both simulations for January and August.
Metabolic capacities of isolated hepatocytes from the cat (Felis domestica)

Abstract 1. 1. Gluconegenesis, ketogenesis and ureagenesis were examined in isolated cat hepatocytes. 2. 2. The following were glucogenic in decreasing order of rate: fructose > pyruvate > lactate > galactose > alanine > glutamine > serine. 3. 3. Approximately half of the phosphoenolpyruvate for gluconeogenesis was of mitochondrial origin and half of cytosolic origin. 4. 4. Fatty acids inhibited gluconeogenesis during ketone body production, lactate and pyruvate stimulated ketogenesis in the presence of fatty acids. 5. 5. Ureagenesis from NH 4 CI was stimulated further by ornithine but not by lactate. With NH 4 CI and ornithine added citrulline accumulated.
Dominance Hierarchies: Observational Techniques Applied to the Study of Children at Play.

The seven major observational techniques generally used in experimental or naturalistic settings are discussed within the context of research on dominance relationships in young children. In particular, findings related to sex differerces and developmental changes in children's social interactions are presented. The observational techniques used in these studies are described in terms of the type of data collected (frequency counts versus measures of duration of the behaviors), and the research questions answerable through use of each technique.
Laparoscopic rectal resection with intraoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced cancer: Preliminary results

Summary Carcinoma of the rectum is a common malignancy, especially in developed countries. The main stay of the therapy for rectal cancer is radical surgery. Total mesorectal excision has emerged as the surgical technique that can substantially reduce local recurrences. The laparoscopic approach does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages. Radiotherapy (RT) alone is capable of eradicating some localized rectal tumors while its effect on larger tumors is limited by normal tissue tolerance, tumor sensitivity and microscopic spread beyond the primary site. Preoperative chemoradiation has potential advantages. The rationale for combining cytotoxic agents and RT is based on the ability of some drugs to act as an enhancer of RT. Preoperative chemoradiation can potentially downstage tumors to facilitate surgery, reduce the risk of tumor seeding, problems with hypoxia which is increased postoperatively, allowing more optimal tumor cell kill for equivalent doses compared to postoperative radiotherapy. The addition of radiation to surgery has been successfully used in many disease sites. In the intraoperative radiotherapy (IOERT), a high dose to the area of highest risk for tumor cell persistence is delivered while dose-limiting structures such as small bowel, bladder, or ureters can be mechanically excluded. Our preliminary experience shows that laparoscopic rectal resection with IOERT is not only feasible, but associates oncologic radical treatment with important advantages of laparoscopic approach.
A comprehensive review of MDMA and GHB: two common club drugs.

"Club drugs" have become alarmingly popular. The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), in particular, has increased dramatically from 1997-1999. The pharmacokinetics of MDMA and GHB appear to be nonlinear, making it difficult to estimate a dose-response relationship. The drug MDMA is an amphetamine analog with sympathomimetic properties, whereas GHB is a gamma-aminobutyric acid analog with sedative properties. Symptoms of an MDMA toxic reaction include tachycardia, sweating, and hyperthermia. Occasional severe sequelae include disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. Treatment includes lowering the body temperature and maintaining adequate hydration. Symptoms of GHB intoxication include coma, respiratory depression, unusual movements, confusion, amnesia, and vomiting. Treatment includes cardiac and respiratory support. Because of the popularity of these agents and their potentially dangerous effects, health care professionals must be familiar with these substances and the treatment options for patients who present with symptoms of a toxic reaction.
Geographical distribution of an 18th-century heart rot outbreak in western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.)

Between 1749-1730 a widespread occurrence of fungus-caused heart rot affected western juniper in the interior Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. In this study 12 Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis chronologies collected from various sites throughout the western juniper range were examined. The presence of heart rot precluded dating many of these samples prior to the 1730s. Subsequently, sample size decline in these chronologies was examined and it was found that a substantial decrease in chronology sample size was present in nine chronologies, with no other periods exhibiting a decline of equal magnitude. Since heart rot requires open wounds to establish, and the major heart rot episode was confined to a short period, we suspect that a regional-scale climatic event such as a windstorm or icestorm was the initiating cause of this outbreak.