cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulating pirate behavior to exploit environmental information

Recent years have seen an upsurge in piracy, particularly off the Horn of Africa. Piracy differs from other asymmetric threats, such as terrorism, in that it is economically motivated. Pirates operating off East Africa have threatened maritime safety and cost commercial shipping billions of dollars paid in ransom. Piracy in this region is conducted from small boats which can only survive for a few days away from their base of operations, have limited survival in severe weather, and cannot perform boarding operations in high wind or sea state conditions. In this study we use agent models and statistical design of experiments to gain insight into how meteorological and oceanographic forecasts can used to dynamically predict relative risks for commercial shipping.
The Toxoplasma gondii Peptide AS15 Elicits CD4 T Cells That Can Control Parasite Burden

ABSTRACT The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Previous studies in mice have focused largely on CD8 + T cells, and the role of CD4 T cells is relatively unexplored. Here, we show that immunization of the C57BL/6 strain of mice, in which the immunodominant CD8 T cell response to the parasite dense-granule protein GRA6 cannot be generated, leads to a prominent CD4 T cell response. To identify the CD4 T cell-stimulating antigens, we generated a T. gondii-specific, lacZ -inducible, CD4 T cell hybridoma and used it as a probe to screen a T. gondii cDNA library. We isolated a cDNA encoding a protein of unknown function that we call CD4Ag28m and identified the minimal peptide, AS15, which was presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to the CD4 T cells. Immunization of mice with the AS15 peptide provided significant protection against subsequent parasite challenge, resulting in a lower parasite burden in the brain. Our findings identify the first CD4 T cell-stimulating peptide that can confer protection against toxoplasmosis and provide an important tool for the study of CD4 T cell responses and the design of effective vaccines against the parasite.
Applications of mathematical models in lead-acid battery design

Two mathematical models describing processes that occur in a lead-acid battery are presented. One model is used to evaluate the geometry of the current collecting grids for minimum ohmic losses; the other is useful for evaluating cell design parameters such as electrode paste specifications and separator characteristics. The formulation of the models is briefly discussed, and they are demonstrated with examples. The grid geometry model is used to compare a rectilinear grid pattern with an intricate pattern having nonrectilinear elements. The comparison is based on the initial voltage loss of the cell as predicted by the model. The cell chemistry model is used to examine the effects of the positive and negative plate thicknesses on the DIN (German test standard) runtime. >
Regressions to Monitor Health Care Quality: A Userâ€™s Guide and a New Index

While there is a rich literature regarding hospital quality in general, research examining trends in hospital quality using regression analysis of trends are relatively rare. In the presence of the increasing digitalization of hospital data, the wide accessibility of regression software, and the need for real time feedback on ongoing quality of medical care outcomes, this paper presents simple-to-implement techniques for analyzing the quality of health care outcomes. We present graphical illustrations of the techniques discussed, and we also include a SAS appendix with the code to estimate all the models discussed, including a proposed new regression index: the Exchange index. We employ data from Arizonaâ€™s acute care hospitals to illustrate uses of our new index.
The Cospectral Gap and Turbulent Flux Calculations

Abstract An alternative method to Fourier analysis is discussed for studying the scale dependence of variances and covariances in atmospheric boundary layer time series. Unlike Fourier decomposition, the scale dependence based on multiresolution decomposition depends on the scale of the fluctuations and not the periodicity. An example calculation is presented in detail. Multiresolution decomposition is applied to tower datasets to study the cospectral gap scale, which is the timescale that separates turbulent and mesoscale fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum between the atmosphere and the surface. It is desirable to partition the flux because turbulent fluxes are related to the local wind shear and temperature stratification through similarity theory, while mesoscale fluxes are not. Use of the gap timescale to calculate the eddy correlation flux removes contamination by mesoscale motions, and therefore improves similarity relationships compared to the usual approach of using a constant averaging timesc...
Temperature-Dependent Hall and Field-Effect Mobility in Strongly Coupled All-Inorganic Nanocrystal Arrays

We report on the temperature-dependent Hall effect characteristics of nanocrystal (NC) arrays prepared from colloidal InAs NCs capped with metal chalcogenide complex (MCC) ligands (In2Se42– and Cu7S4–). Our study demonstrates that Hall effect measurements are a powerful way of exploring the fundamental properties of NC solids. We found that solution-cast 5.3 nm InAs NC films capped with copper sulfide MCC ligands exhibited high Hall mobility values over 16 cm2/(V s). We also showed that the nature of MCC ligands can control doping in NC solids. The comparative study of the temperature-dependent Hall and field-effect mobility values provides valuable insights concerning the charge transport mechanism and points to the transition from a weak to a strong coupling regime in all-inorganic InAs NC solids.
Effects of elevated CO2 on the protein concentration of food crops: a meta‐analysis

Meta-analysis techniques were used to examine the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] on the protein concentrations of major food crops, incorporating 228 experimental observations on barley, rice, wheat, soybean and potato. Each crop had lower protein concentrations when grown at elevated (540–958 μmol mol−1) compared with ambient (315–400 μmol mol−1) CO2. For wheat, barley and rice, the reduction in grain protein concentration was ∼10–15% of the value at ambient CO2. For potato, the reduction in tuber protein concentration was 14%. For soybean, there was a much smaller, although statistically significant reduction of protein concentration of 1.4%. The magnitude of the CO2 effect on wheat grains was smaller under high soil N conditions than under low soil N. Protein concentrations in potato tubers were reduced more for plants grown at high than at low concentrations of ozone. For soybean, the ozone effect was the reverse, as elevated CO2 increased the protein concentration of soybean grown at high ozone concentrations. The magnitude of the CO2 effect also varied depending on experimental methodology. For both wheat and soybean, studies performed in open-top chambers produced a larger CO2 effect than those performed using other types of experimental facilities. There was also indication of a possible pot artifact as, for both wheat and soybean, studies performed in open-top chambers showed a significantly greater CO2 effect when plants were rooted in pots rather than in the ground. Studies on wheat also showed a greater CO2 effect when protein concentration was measured in whole grains rather than flour. While the magnitude of the effect of elevated CO2 varied depending on the experimental procedures, a reduction in protein concentration was consistently found for most crops. These findings suggest that the increasing CO2 concentrations of the 21st century are likely to decrease the protein concentration of many human plant foods.
The Utilization and Effects of Positive Behavior Support Strategies on an Urban School Playground.

Rates of problem behavior at urban elementary school playgrounds are of growing concern. The purpose of this study was to examine how the implementation of a recess intervention within the context of School-wide Positive Behavior Support (SwPBS), a systemwide, team-driven, data-based decision-making continuum of support, affected disruptive student behavior and teacher supervision on the playground in an urban elementary school. Specifically, this study replicated investigations conducted by Lewis and colleagues through teaching recess-related behaviors to students and using group contingencies to reinforce appropriate student behaviors. A multiple baseline design was used to assess the effects of SwPBS on the frequency of five target behaviors. Results indicated decreases in disruptive behaviors across three grade levels and increases in active teacher supervision.
Characterization of glutathione conjugates of chlorambucil by fast atom bombardment and thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Chlorambucil (p-(di-2-chloroethyl)amino-gamma-phenylbutyric acid) is a bifunctional alkylating agent which exhibits acquired drug resistance upon repeated dosing in humans. This compound reacts with glutathione both non-enzymatically and enzymatically in the presence of immobilized microsomal glutathione-S-transferases to produce several glutathione conjugates. These conjugates result from displacement of one or both chlorines by the nucleophilic cysteine sulfhydryl moiety of glutathione. The mono- and diglutathionyl conjugates of chlorambucil were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. In addition, the mono- and dihydroxy hydrolysis products of chlorambucil were characterized by positive ion thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The glutathione conjugates of chlorambucil did not produce molecular ion species in thermospray LC/MS mode, but gave characteristic ions at m/z 147 corresponding to fragmentation of the glutathione moiety. The formation of glutathione conjugates of this class of alkylating agents may play a role in the development of acquired drug resistance.
Reaction induced phase-separation controlled by molecular topology

Binary phase-separation driven by a difference in branch content of the two components has been widely reported in polyolefins. This concept is applied to polysiloxanes in an attempt to control morphology in chemically driven phase separation. It is shown that selfassembled, non-reversible spinodal morphologies (SD) as well as low-polydispersity nucleation and growth morphologies can be controlled through the rate of network formation in these systems. Time-resolved light scattering and optical microscopy were used to determine the character and kinetics of phase separation. The mechanism of phase separation in two similar systems was dictated by the rates of the crosslinking reactions. Both morphologies were ‘locked-in’ by network formation and late-stage phase-ripening was prevented by low surface energy associated with topologically driven phase-separation. q 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
DNA copy number changes in tumors within the spectrum of cellular, atypical, and metastasizing fibrous histiocytoma

Background Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma (FH) is a common mesenchymal neoplasm. Metastasis is rare, disproportionately occurring among the aneurysmal, cellular, atypical, and deep variants. Objective We determined whether DNA copy number changes occurred in atypical FH (AFH), and whether they were similar to those in metastasizing FH (MetFH) and benign cellular FH (CFH). Methods Five primary tumors of MetFH were evaluated by array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis, with tissue from local recurrences and lung metastases in 2 and 2 patients, respectively. Seven indolent AFH and 5 CFH were identified for comparison. Results Substantial differences between the groups were found both in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (higher among MetFH and absent or solitary in CFH) and array-based comparative genomic hybridization profiles (frequent gains of 7 and 8q and losses of Xq in MetFH; recurrent losses of chromosomes 9 and 22 in AFH; isolated loss of 5q and gain in chromosome 20 in 2 CFH). Fatal MetFH cases (2 of 5 cases) exhibited the highest rate of chromosomal aberrations. Limitations This study included a small sample size with a short-term follow-up. Conclusions Benign CFH, indolent AFH, and MetFH represent distinct biological entities within the spectrum of FH; array-based comparative genomic hybridization may be a tool in recognizing FH cases with metastatic potential and increasingly aggressive behavior.
Statistically based methods for anomaly characterization in images from observations of scattered radiation

In this paper, we present an algorithm for the detection, localization, and characterization of anomalous structures in an overall region of interest given observations of scattered electromagnetic fields obtained along the boundary of the region. Such anomaly detection problems are encountered in applications including medical imaging, radar signal processing, and geophysical exploration. The techniques developed in this work are based on a nonlinear scattering model relating the anomalous structures to the observed data. A sequence of M-ary hypothesis tests are employed first to localize anomalous behavior to large areas and then to refine these initial estimates to better characterize the true target structures. We introduce a method for the incorporation of prior information into the processing which reflects constraints relevant directly to the anomaly detection problem such as the number, shapes, and sizes of anomalies present in the region. The algorithm is demonstrated using a low-frequency, inverse conductivity problem found in geophysical applications.
Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defects in acetate metabolism: isolation and characterization of Acn- mutants.

The two carbon compounds, ethanol and acetate, can be oxidatively metabolized as well as assimilated into carbohydrate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The distribution of acetate metabolic enzymes among several cellular compartments, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cytoplasm makes it an intriguing system to study complex metabolic interactions. To investigate the complex process of carbon catabolism and assimilation, mutants unable to grow on acetate were isolated. One hundred five Acn(-) (``ACetate Nonutilizing'') mutants were sorted into 21 complementation groups with an additional 20 single mutants. Five of the groups have defects in TCA cycle enzymes: MDH1, CIT1, ACO1, IDH1, and IDH2. A defect in RTG2, involved in the retrograde communication between the mitochondrion and the nucleus, was also identified. Four genes encode enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis: ICL1, MLS1, MDH2, and PCK1. Five other genes appear to be defective in regulating metabolic activity since elevated levels of enzymes in several metabolic pathways, including the glyoxylate cycle, gluconeogenesis, and acetyl-CoA metabolism, were detected in these mutants: ACN8, ACN9, ACN17, ACN18, and ACN42. In summary, this analysis has identified at least 22 and as many as 41 different genes involved in acetate metabolism.
A novel integrated warpage prediction model based on characterization of viscoelasticity in time domain and chemical shrinkage for molded underfill

In order to efficiently optimize the structure and process of thin packages, it is crucial to accurately predict the warpage of thin packages during in-molding and post-mold curing (PMC) processes. In this paper, we describe an integrated modeling approach, which takes both viscoelastic and chemical shrinkage behaviors into account for molded underfill process. The time-domain viscoelastic properties and chemical shrinkage of molded underfill are included in the finite-element (FE) model. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured 3D warpage contour and values by Shadow Moire method. In contrast, the simulated constitutive behavior of molded underfill with only temperature-dependent elastic property exhibits poor agreement with the experimental results.
The Divergent CD8+ T Cell Adjuvant Properties of LT-IIb and LT-IIc, Two Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxins, Are Conferred by Their Ganglioside-Binding B Subunits.

Poor immune responses elicited by vaccine antigens can be enhanced by the use of appropriate adjuvants. Type II heat-labile enterotoxins (HLT) produced by Escherichia coli are extremely potent adjuvants that augment both humoral and cellular immunity to co-administered antigens. Recent findings demonstrate that LT-IIb and LT-IIc, two type II HLT adjuvants, exhibit potent, yet distinguishable CD8+ T cell adjuvant properties. While LT-IIc elicits a robust and rapid response at one week after administration, LT-IIb engenders a more gradual and slower expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that correlates with improved immunity. The variations in immune effects elicited by the HLT adjuvants have been generally attributed to their highly divergent B subunits that mediate binding to various gangliosides on cell surfaces. Yet, HLT adjuvants with point mutations in the B subunit that significantly alter ganglioside binding retain similar adjuvant functions. Therefore, the contribution of the B subunits to adjuvanticity remains unclear. To investigate the influence of the B subunits on the enhancement of immune responses by LT-IIb and LT-IIc, chimeric HLT were engineered in which the B subunits of the two adjuvants were exchanged. Comparing the immune potentiating characteristics of both native and chimeric HLT adjuvants, it was found that not all the adjuvant characteristics of the HLT adjuvants were modulated by the respective B subunits. Specifically, the differences in the CD8+ T cell kinetics and protective responses elicited by LT-IIb and LT-IIc did indeed followed their respective B subunits. However, induction of IL-1 from macrophages and the capacity to intoxicate cells in a mouse Y1 adrenal cell bioassay did not correlate with the B subunits. Therefore, it is likely that additional factors other than the B subunits contribute to the effects elicited by the HLT adjuvants.
Effect of Heat-Stable Enterotoxin of Escherichia coli on Cultured Mammalian Cells

The binding of biologically active 125I-labeled heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) of Escherichia coli with cultured mammalian cells was dose dependent and could be inhibited with low concentrations of unlabeled toxin or by neutralization with specific antiserum. There was positive cooperativity among cell binding sites. A single cultured cell bound approximately 4 X 10(4) molecules of ST; the dissociation constant was 1.33 X 10(-10) M. The specific binding of ST was partially inhibited by Pronase (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri) and trypsin, but not by lipid- or carbohydrate-specific enzymes, simple sugars, or saccharides. Addition of ST to cultures of rat basophilic leukemia cells resulted in a dose-dependent secretion of histamine. Pharmacologic agents that inhibited calcium uptake or prostaglandin synthesis decreased the amount of histamine released. These data demonstrate the specific binding of ST by cultured cells and support the contention that calcium and prostaglandins may be important in the molecular mechanism(s) whereby ST activates guanylate cyclase.
Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory - Transonic (AAOL-T)

Abstract : This report covers the third year of the Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory-Transonic (AAOL-T) program. Aero-optics severely limits an airborne directed-energy systems lethal field of regard; aero-optics refers to the deleterious effect that the density fluctuations in the flow have on an airborne optical system. The AAOL-T program studies aero-optical aberration problems from experimental, theoretical and computational approaches; the most unique part of the program is that we also perform flight tests using Falcon 10s, capable of testing at greater than Mach 0.8.The program makes use of two aircraft, one to project a small-aperture, diverging beam toward an optical turret on the second, laboratory aircraft. The third year of the program has been productive with thirty-one flights flown in support of both the baseline program and to support AFRL/DARPA 40 ABC Turret testing, of which 5 flights plus seven at the end of September 2014 were under the baseline program. During the baseline program, extensive measurements of aero-optical environment around both hemisphere-on-cylinder and hemisphere-only turrets were performed for Mach range between 0.5 and 0.8.
A New Angle on an Old Construction: Approximating Inscribed n-gons

(2015). A New Angle on an Old Construction: Approximating Inscribed n-gons. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 88, No. 4, pp. 260-269.
Effects of Proteins on RVA Viscosity Properties of Rice

To understand the relationship between grain protein content and rice eating quality, changes on RVA viscosity properties of rice were analyzed through protein removal or disulphide bond disruption. Pre-incubation of flour with trypsin decreased viscosity and the slopes of the linear parts of the curves for each variety. Dithiothreitol(DTT) decreased the peak viscosities of flour at different degrees in various rice varieties, and increased the breakdown viscosities in five of the ten tested varieties. It was suggested that protein influenced viscosity curves through binding water, which increased the concentration of the dispersed and viscous phase of gelatinized starch, as well as the agency of a network linked by disulphide bonds. Protein may affect the amount of water absorption early in cooking, which will influence the eating quality of the cooked rice.
Prevention: HOPE-3 trial - targeting BP and LDL-C in at-risk patients.

Results from the HOPE-3 randomized trial reinforce and expand the evidence base supporting current clinical practice guidelines that recommend initiation of statin therapy in individuals at intermediate risk of atherosclerotic events. Furthermore, the results support the initiation of antihypertensive medication for patients with blood pressure above threshold values.
Digital Humanities Masterplots

Digital humanities research has frequently been characterized by a high degree of recursivity, that is to say, by attempts to use digital humanities tools and techniques to reflect back on the structures and history of the field. Digital Humanities Masterplots is intended as a contribution to this ongoing project of self-analysis, but one that shifts attention away from actors, institutions, and research agendas and toward what Matthew Kirschenbaum refers to as the digital humanities as a “discursive construction.” My aim is not to offer a survey of or an opinion piece on work in an emerging field, not least because a critical mass of such essays already exists. Rather, my primary material will comprise a series of second-order reflections on the field, and, more specifically, how they tend to emplot the rise of the digital humanities in order to render it intelligible within a range of intellectual, institutional, and societal contexts. Inspired by the narratologist Mieke Bal’s assertion that “the shape of the story you tell determines what knowledge you produce,” my claim is that the shapes of these digital humanities stories derive from certain basic assumptions about the aims of humanistic inquiry, and that by attending to them we can better understand an emerging set of positions regarding the role of the humanities as such.
Left ventricular volume as a predictor of postoperative hemodynamics and a criterion for total correction of tetralogy of Fallot

The effect of preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume on hemodynamics after repair and the safety limit of left ventricular end-diastolic volume for total correction of tetralogy of Fallot were studied. Preoperative left ventricular volume was determined in 38 patients according to the area-length method from biplane cineangiocardiograms. The mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume of the 38 patients was 83% +/- 23% of normal. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume of 20 corrected patients (90% +/- 22% of normal) was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) than that of 18 with a systemic-pulmonary shunt (75% +/- 22% of normal). In the corrected patients, the total amount of dopamine required in the postoperative period showed an excellent inverse exponential correlation with the preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r = -0.826); it showed a poor inverse correlation with the ratio of pulmonary artery to aortic diameter (r = -0.587) and with myocardial ischemic time (r = -0.487); and it showed no correlation with postoperative right to left ventricular systolic pressure ratio (determined at the time of the chest closure) and residual right ventricular-pulmonary arterial pressure gradients. The patients with a left ventricular end-diastolic volume under 70% of normal had severe low-output syndrome after total correction. We recommend a left ventricular end-diastolic volume of 60% of normal as a safety limit for total correction in patients under 2 years of age. In patients over 2 years of age, the safety limit may be larger because there are more collaterals with increasing age.
Minireview: Fibronectin in retinal disease:

Retinal fibrosis, characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition by retinal endothelial cells, pigment epithelial cells, and other resident cell-types, is a unifying feature of several common retinal diseases. Fibronectin is an early constituent of newly deposited ECM and serves as a template for assembly of other ECM proteins, including collagens. Under physiologic conditions, fibronectin is found in all layers of Bruch's membrane. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a complication of retinal surgery, is characterized by ECM accumulation. Among the earliest histologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is capillary basement membrane thickening, which occurs due to perturbations in ECM homeostasis. Neovascularization, the hallmark of late stage DR as well as exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), involves ECM assembly as a scaffold for the aberrant new vessel architecture. Rodent models of retinal injury demonstrate a key role for fibronectin in complications characteristic of PVR, including retinal detachment. In mouse models of DR, reducing fibronectin gene expression has been shown to arrest the accumulation of ECM in the capillary basement membrane. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase activity thought to be important in the pathogenesis of AMD impact the turnover of fibronectin matrix as well as collagens. Growth factors involved in PVR, AMD, and DR, such as PDGF and TGFβ, are known to stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly. A deeper understanding of how pathologic ECM deposition contributes to disease progression may help to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Impact of the arundo wasp, Tetramesa romana (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), on biomass of the invasive weed, Arundo donax (Poaceae: Arundinoideae), and on revegetation of riparian habitat along the Rio Grande in Texas

ABSTRACTAn invasive grass, Arundo donax, occupies thousands of hectares of arid riparian habitat along the Rio Grande in Texas and Mexico, and has negative impacts on national security, water resources, and riparian ecosystems. The shoot-tip-galling wasp Tetramesa romana was released in 2009 between Brownsville and Del Rio, Texas, and has dispersed over 800 km along the river channel. Plots along the river were surveyed for shoot counts of arundo and all other plant species in 2016 at seven sites in regions in which prior studies had documented a 22% decline in arundo biomass (estimated from live shoot length) from 2007 to 2014. Estimated live biomass declined a further 32% between 2014 and 2016. Native plants accounted for 86% of the 44 species encountered in plots. Individual plots averaged five plant species, and arundo was most abundant in only 9 of 21 plots. Arundo live biomass and shoot density were negatively associated with plant diversity, indicating that live arundo interferes with germination a...
ECONOMICS AND FUTURE OF THE STARCH INDUSTRY

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the economic features of the starch industry in the United States, emphasizing the demand prospects and industry organization. The starch industry refers to the producers of commercial starch. Commercial starch is an important ingredient in manufacturing a wide range of industrial products, such as paper, textiles, and building materials. Commercial starch in the United States is made primarily from corn by the wet-milling industry. The industrial organization and behavior of the corn wet-milling industry seems unlikely to change drastically in the near future. Further product diversification may occur as the firms succeed in developing new products for a growing and changing consumer market. The production of starch derivatives will probably occur largely in other types of plants or in starch consuming industries, such as the paper industry. Plant automation is expected to increase, and new semi-wet-milling technologies may lead to increased efficiency in pearl starch production.
Euclidean distances discriminatively predict short-term and long-term attraction to potential mates

Abstract We tested the ability of a Euclidean algorithm to predict attraction to potential mates—a relatively upstream domain in the temporal sequence of the mating process. Participants in two studies reported their ideal mate preferences using a 23-item preference instrument. Separately, they rated their attraction to profiles of potential mates that varied on those 23 dimensions. Study 1 ( N =522) found that Euclidean distances predicted attraction to potential mates both in terms of (1) overall mate value and (2) unique mate value. Study 2 ( N =411) replicated these effects and further found that Euclidean mate values discriminatively predict between short- and long-term attraction. Across both studies, a Euclidean model outperformed a variety of alternative models for predicting attraction to potential mates. These results suggest that a Euclidean algorithm is a good model for how multiple preferences are integrated in mate choice.
Agent of Mercy: The Untold Story of Dr. Archibald S. Maxwell, Civil War Surgeon and Iowa State Sanitary Agent

Review of: Agent of Mercy: The Untold Story of Dr. Archibald S. Maxwell, Civil War Surgeon and Iowa State Sanitary Agent, by George C. Maxwell
On the Conditions of Fragility: Homeless Education Policy, Accountability, and Researcher Reflections:

This article highlights McKinney-Vento awareness and implementation as experienced and understood by unaccompanied youth facing housing instability and the adults charged with its implementation in...
Flow-Diverting Stents for the Obliteration of Symptomatic, Infectious Cavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysms.

Background Intracavernous aneurysms constitute up to 9% of all intracranial aneurysms and 6% are infectious (IIA). First line therapy is a protracted antibiotic course, yet with failure, surgery and endovascular parent vessel sacrifice have been utilized. Reconstructive endovascular therapies have emerged for aneurysm control and may demonstrate a safer therapeutic alternative. Objective To present an IIA treated with a flow-diverting Pipeline stent (ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, California). Methods A 41-yr-old female presented with visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, and cavernous sinus thrombosis with an associated phlegmon. Transsphenoidal evacuation was performed without complication or bleeding and she continued on medical therapy. Two weeks postoperatively, she developed a worsening right third cranial nerve palsy and MRA demonstrated a 1-cm right IIA, not evident on postoperative MRI. Three days of dual antiplatelet therapy preceded successful pipeline embolization. Angiography demonstrated aneurysm obliteration at 3 mo and her right ophthalmoplegia resolved. Results A literature review identified 6 reported cases of IIAs treated with stent embolization. Only 1 documented a flow-diverting Silk stent used in a child. All lesions were obliterated at follow-up without neurological sequelae. No complication arose with implantation in the setting of infection, and as few as 3 d of dual antiplatelet therapy was sufficient for preprocedural prophylaxis, although in Vivo antiplatelet activity may be more significant. Conclusion We report the first case of an IIA treated with a flow-diverting pipeline stent. These devices preserve native vasculature and neurological function compared to surgical and endovascular vessel sacrifice strategies. They appear to be safe management options for the treatment of IIAs.
Nuclear Data Sheets for170Ta

Abstract Nuclear structure data pertaining to 170 Ta have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation of 170 Ta supersedes the previous publications (Zhou Chunmei, Nuclear Data Sheets 50, 351 (1987) (cutoff date November 1985), and Coral M. Baglin, Nuclear Data Sheets 77, 125 (1996) (cutoff date October 1995)), and includes literature available by 7 April 1998. The newly incorporated references are: 97MeZZ ( 170 W ϵ decay); 97Zh17 and 98Zh08 (a new (HI,xnγ) study). One collective band, previously assigned to 170 Ta, has now been reassigned to 170 Hf.
African American and Latina Adolescent Mothers’ and their Children’s Fathers’ Reports of Coparenting and Child Behavior Problems: Child Gender as a Moderator

Coparenting, the way that parents work together in their roles to parent children, has emerged as an important area for prevention and intervention. Though research indicates that low coparenting quality is associated with increased externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in children, the existing literature is not inclusive of families diverse in sociocultural identity and structure. We examined the link between coparenting and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and tested the moderating effect of child gender on the relationship between coparenting and child behavior problems in two-year-old children of African American and Latina adolescent mothers. One hundred and thirty five parents (69 mothers and 66 fathers) completed self-report measures of coparenting and child behavior problems when their children were two years old. While we did not find support for a direct association between coparenting quality and child behavior problems, child gender did moderate the association between mother’s report of coparenting quality and both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. High coparenting quality was associated with lower levels of externalizing behavior problems in girls and higher levels of externalizing behavior problems in boys. High quality coparenting was associated with lower levels of internalizing behavior problems in girls, but there was no difference for boys. Though the results for boys were mixed, our findings for girls suggest that high quality coparenting may be a protective factor for the development of both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Implications for future research are discussed.
FORMATION OF SPIN CENTERS IN CARBONS BY OXIDATION AND THEIR THERMAL ANNEAL

It was found that a high concentration of electron spin centers is obtained in carbons originally heat-treated to temperature 1000-2400°C by heating such carbons to 700-1100°C in an oxidizing atmosphere. The conditions for the most efficient formation of spin centers by oxidation are: a temperature of about 800°C or somewhat higher, gas pressure of several atmospheres and a proper duration of heating. The presence of spins was detected using the usual experimental techniques of paramagnetic spin resonance absorption. Spin centers were created in various types of carbons (hard and soft, carbon blacks). The shape and width of the paramagnetic resonance line varies greatly depending on spin concentration and on the original heat-treatment temperature of the carbon. In general, the g-value is close or slightly higher than that for the free electronic spins. The experiments show that the presence of spin centers in equilibrium with an oxidizing gas is the result of operation of two opposing mechanisms; one creating and the other destroying free spins. The creation occurs as a result of the direct chemical attack on the crystal surface. The destruction at high temperature is a result of the improvement of the crystal surface by atomic diffusion. Results of studies of the dynamics of formation and destruction of spin centers are reported.
Animal Models of Nociception and Pain

Research on the neurobiological bases of nociception and pain and related investigations of potential therapies require great reliance on animal models. There are unique challenges in the development of well-validated models in this field because of the distinction between nociception, the processing and response to potentially pain producing stimuli by lower levels of the nervous system, and pain, the conscious result of nociceptive stimulus processing by the cerebral cortex. The most frequently used models actually represent tests of nociception only and are appropriate for investigating diverse pathophysiological processes that cause nociceptive activity in peripheral tissues, nerves, the spinal cord, or subcortical regions. However, because human pain is a complex end result of nociception and consciousness-dependent processes, models intended to address pain must be validated for this purpose. Models assessing processes related to pain are relatively rare and more difficult to validate and use than those relevantonly for nociception. Afailure to recognize the pain-nociception distinction has significant practical consequences for successful extrapolation of results from laboratory to clinical practice.
Modeling Rate-Dependent Single Crystal Cyclic Plasticity for Gas Turbine Applications

ABSTRACT Flow and evolutionary equations are developed to describe the thermo-mechanical behavior of single crystals of the intermetallic compound NiAl. The model focuses on small strain histories and follows a micromechanics approach. The resulting equations involve three internal state variables per slip system: a net and a long range back stress and the isotropic strength.
ARS Accreditation Framework – School Organization

This session will guide you through the step by step accreditation standards for running the business side of Recovery High Schools. Learn from the best as you navigate selecting the model, identifying leadership, energizing a Board of Directors, building community partners and much more. 1. Business Planning: How do high schools operate with a revised strategic business plan that provides for a reasonable level of organizational autonomy and is created for longterm survivability and viability, 2. Board of Directors: How does the school have a functional and involved Board of Directors?, 3. School Leadership: How does the school have a recognized and fully trained leader or leaders who operate with a level of autonomy and flexibility within the larger organizational system?, 4. Community Partnerships: How does the school establish collaborative partnerships with local schools, treatment centers, and other community resources to create a coordinated system of support?, 5. Public Relations & Privacy Issues: How does the school have a plan to promote the school and its programs while respecting the privacy and safety of its students and families?, and 6. Program Evaluation: How does the school regularly evaluate the academic and therapeutic programs for continuous program improvement?
Detection of Temporal Data Ex-Filtration Threats to Relational Databases

According to recent reports, the most common insider threats to systems are unauthorized access to or use of corporate information and exposure of sensitive data. While anomaly detection techniques have proved to be effective in the detection of early signs of data theft, these techniques are not able to detect sophisticated data misuse scenarios in which malicious insiders seek to aggregate knowledge by executing and combining the results of several queries. We thus need techniques that are able to track users' actions across time to detect correlated ones that collectively flag anomalies. In this paper, we propose such techniques for the detection of anomalous accesses to relational databases. Our approach is to monitor users' queries, sequences of queries and sessions of database connection to detect queries that retrieve amounts of data larger than the normal. Our evaluation of the proposed techniques indicates that they are very effective in the detection of anomalies.
Conversion of aldimines to secondary amines using iron-catalysed hydrosilylation.

Iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of imines to amines using a well-defined iron complex is reported. This method employs relatively mild conditions, by reaction of imine, (EtO)3SiH in a 1 : 2 ratio in the presence of 1 mol% precatalyst ([BIAN]Fe(η6-toluene), 3, BIAN = bis(2,6-diisopropylaniline)acenaphthene) at 70 °C. A broad scope of imines was readily converted into the corresponding secondary amines without the need for precatalyst activators.
Optical Polarimetry in Undergraduate Education

Polarimetry plays an important part in observational astronomy, but it is all too often given limited attention in astronomy textbooks. Coupled with a sometimes confusing mathematical introduction, students may feel that polarization is a difficult subject best left for study at a different time, or worse, not at all. Additionally, polarimetric observations and analysis are not typical exercises students are likely to engage in as part of an observational astronomy course. Over the past few years students at Virginia Military Institute have used an optical polarimeter, which was designed and constructed in-house, on the 20 cm Cassegrain telescope at the VMI Observatory to study the polarization of stars. These observations have enhanced their astronomical knowledge and allowed them the opportunity to gain valuable experience using this important technique. The subsequent analysis of stellar polarization has led to a better understanding of the mathematics of polarization, its interpretation, and statistical treatment. In this paper I describe the design and construction of an optical polarimeter suitable for a small college observatory and outline the observing and data analysis strategies. I will also present observations that range from brief introduction exercises that can be included as part of an observational astronomy course to longer programs suitable for undergraduate research projects.
The Berlin International Film Festival: between cold war politics and postwar reorientation

This essay focuses on the formative first two decades of the Berlin International Film Festival. Based upon archival material from Berlin and the United States, it offers a historically informed ac...
Bacterial Protein Toxins and Effectors

In this chapter, we discuss the function and mechanism of action of secreted or delivered bacterial protein toxins and effectors. The multitude of their effects on host cell physiology, architecture, signaling, and survival is framed in the context of the advantage their activity has on the success of the bacterium during infection. Concepts that lead the learner to consider how targeted intervention disables the disease-causing ability of the pathogenic bacteria are stressed, as is how the bacterium regulates such proteins to be maximally effective. The learner will be well versed in the basic biology of bacterial protein toxin/effector concepts and the important role these microbial agents of warfare play in the subversion of their eukaryotic hosts.
Persistent Discordance in Grade, Stage, and NCCN Risk Stratification in Men Undergoing Targeted Biopsy and Radical Prostatectomy.

Objective To elucidate the accuracy of MRI and MRI-ultrasound fusion guided targeted biopsy (TBx) on risk stratification in men who underwent subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and methods A single-center, retrospective study was performed in men at risk for prostate cancer who (n = 140) underwent TBx and RP between November 2012 and August 2018. Comparisons were made between patients clinically staged by preoperative MRI and TBx Gleason grade group (GGG) and stage after RP. Multivariable regression was performed to identify factors associated with MRI and TBx compared to RP grading, staging, and consistency with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk stratification. Results There was an increase in NCCN risk stratification in 47 men (33.6%) and a decrease in 17 men (12.1%) compared to the resected prostate. GGG upgrading and downgrading occurred in 35 (25.0%) and 31 men (22.1%), respectively. Upstaging occurred in 41 men (29.3%). In adjusted analysis for age, BMI, PSA Density (PSAD), median maximal diameter of the regions of interest, and PIRADS, men with PIRADS 4 were less likely to be upgraded (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.81, P = .020) than PIRADS 3. PSAD ≥ 0.15 ng/mL/cc was associated with upstaging (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.60-9.62, P = .003). Conclusion Accurate risk stratification is critical for disease management, mandated by the increasing use of active surveillance, partial gland ablation, and androgen deprivation therapy with radiation therapy for men with unfavorable intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer. This study confirms the need for advances in imaging and biomarker to increase the accuracy of pretreatment staging.
Empirical Evaluation of Crowds Using Automated Methods

This work presents a novel framework for automated monitoring of high density crowds from closed circuit television (CCTV) image data. The framework obtains pedestrian velocities from particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique and densities from a boosted ferns machine learning model. A pinhole camera based perspective correction scheme is employed to convert the 2D pixel coordinates into 3D metric coordinates. The framework is trained with and tested against real-world event data from the Hajj.
Potential for Groundwater Contamination by Algal Endotoxins

Groundwater is an important resource which must be protected from contamination. Currently, 20% of the nation’s water supply is taken from groundwater. By the year 2000, this is expected to increase to 33% of the total water used in the United States. From 1946 to 1977 there were 264 outbreaks and 62,273 cases of illness related to contaminated groundwater. In half of these outbreaks no responsible agent was identified. In recent studies we have shown that bacterial endotoxins can reach groundwater in high concentrations, especially after simulated rainfall events. Previously absorbed endotoxins and other phycotoxins could potentially exhibit similar behavior, resulting in periodic high concentrations of these toxins in groundwater supplies which may be difficult to detect. Potential sources of algal toxins include sewage oxidation ponds, groundwater recharge operations, wastewater irrigation, surface reservoirs, etc.