cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approaching treatment of transplant-associated thrombotic Microangiopathy from two directions with Eculizumab and transitioning from Tacrolimus to Sirolimus.

Background In the past, conventional treatment strategies for transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) have not proven to be very effective. Recently, eculizumab which is a humanized monoclonal antibody that works as a terminal complement inhibitor has demonstrated promise in the treatment landscape of TA-TMA. Methods and materials This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 20 consecutive adult patients with TA-TMA: 10 patients who received conventional therapy and 10 patients who received eculizumab-based therapy. These patients had undergone allogeneic HSCT at MD Anderson Cancer Center between August 2011 and September 2016. Results When comparing the treatment outcomes in the two cohorts, none of the patients in the conventional therapy group obtained a hematologic or complete response according to our response criteria whereas seven patients in the eculizumab group achieved a hematologic response with one patient achieving a complete response with organ recovery. In addition, overall survival at the end of assessment was 60% in the eculizumab cohort and 30% in the conventional cohort. One major difference in practice at our institution versus previously published studies is the management of immunosuppression. In a majority of patients, tacrolimus was continued or transitioned to sirolimus for GVHD prophylaxis. Conclusion Response rates and survival were improved for patients who were transitioned to sirolimus, so a two-pronged approach of inhibiting complement along with providing an alternative effective immunosuppressive agent may be beneficial in the treatment of early onset TA-TMA.
Update on Management of Pleural Disease

The goal of this paper is to review and summarize the most recent updates in the management of both benign and malignant pleural diseases. Multiple trials evaluating the use of non-surgical techniques for the management of pleural infection have been published in the last 5 years. Additionally, the use of tunneled pleural catheter (TPC) placement in the management of non-infectious recurrent pleural effusions is being increasingly studied. Finally, the separate use of TPC placement or talc pleurodesis as well as a combined rapid pleurodesis protocol involving both talc poudrage and TPC placement has been published in the area of symptomatic recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Exciting advances have been made in the field of pleural disease management. In this paper, we summarize the most relevant trials, provide a list of pertinent references for review, and discuss future research directions.
Early nutrition intervention in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

e14037Background: Malnutrition is a common finding seen in 50-80% of cancer patients. Malnutrition negatively impacts quality of life (QOL), treatment-related outcomes, and survival. While early nu...
Granular flow of an advanced ceramic under ultra-high strain rates and high pressures

Abstract The dynamic rheology of a complex granular material system strongly depends on the imposed stress state. However, drawing a clear physics based picture of dynamic granular flow is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of granular materials, as well as the overwhelming difficulties in carrying out dynamic experiments. Here, pressure-shear plate impact (PSPI) is utilized to load a granular boron carbide ceramic in a multi-axial fashion with strain rates on the order of 105 s − 1 and pressure levels ranging from 1 to 3 GPa. Comparisons between the shear flow stresses and the superimposed normal stress indicate a strong pressure dependence in the constitutive response, along with an effective friction coefficient measured to be around 0.16. Both the normal and shear stress-strain relations are obtained. Granular boron carbide shows a highly compressible behavior with a significant amount of volume compaction achieved as the result of the large uniaxial normal strain. Due to the compaction, the estimated granular wave speed increases with density. Microstructure characterization of the deformed particles shows that fracture and amorphization are active deformation mechanisms besides the grain-grain frictional interactions and particle rearrangement. This study will contribute to the development of integrative modeling for behavior of granular boron carbide at ultra-high strain rates and confinement pressures.
Medical care of liver transplant patients

Liver transplantation is a life-changing event for patients and survival following transplantation has improved significantly since the first transplantation in 1967. Following liver transplantatio...
Associations Between a New York City Paid Sick Leave Mandate and Health Care Utilization Among Medicaid Beneficiaries in New York City and New York State

Importance More evidence on associations between mandated paid sick leave and health service utilization among low-income adults is needed to guide health policy and legislation nationwide. Objective To evaluate the association between New York City’s 2014 paid sick leave mandate and health care utilization among Medicaid-enrolled adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used New York State Medicaid administrative data for adults 18 to 64 years old continuously enrolled in Medicaid from August 1, 2011, through July 31, 2017. A difference-in-differences approach with entropy balancing weights was used to compare New York City with the rest of New York State to assess the association of the paid sick leave mandate with health care utilization, and for those 40 to 64 years old, with preventive care utilization. The data analysis was performed from June through August 2020. Exposures Temporal and spatial variation in exposure to the mandate. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual health care utilization (emergency care, specialist visits, and primary care clinician visits) per Medicaid-enrolled adult. Secondary outcomes include categories of emergency utilization and utilization of 5 preventive services. Results Of 552 857 individuals (mean [SD] age, 43 [12] years; 351 130 [64%] women) who met inclusion criteria, 99 181 (18%) were White, 162 492 (29%) Black, and 138 061 (25%) Hispanic. Paid sick leave was significantly associated with a reduction in the probability of emergency care (−0.6 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, −0.7 to −0.5 pp;P Conclusions and Relevance This retrospective cohort study of nonelderly adults enrolled in Medicaid New York State showed that mandated paid sick leave in New York City was significantly associated with differences in several dimensions of health care services use.
Stabilization of an enzyme cytochrome c in a metal-organic framework against denaturing organic solvents.

Summary Enzymes are promising catalysts with high selectivity and activity under mild reaction conditions. However, their practical application has largely been hindered by their high cost and poor stability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as host materials show potential in protecting proteins against denaturing conditions, but a systematic study investigating the stabilizing mechanism is still lacking. In this study, we stabilized enzyme cytochrome c (cyt c) by encapsulating it in a hierarchical mesoporous zirconium-based MOF, NU-1000 against denaturing organic solvents. Cyt c@NU-1000 showed a significantly enhanced activity compared to the native enzyme, and the composite retained this enhanced activity after treatment with five denaturing organic solvents. Moreover, the composite was recyclable without activity loss for at least three cycles. Our cyt c@NU-1000 model system demonstrates that enzyme@MOF composites prepared via post-synthetic encapsulation offer a promising route to overcome the challenges of enzyme stability and recyclability that impede the widespread adoption of biocatalysis.
Magnetically Actuated Test Method for Interfacial Fracture Reliability Assessment

The interfacial strength of different thin film layers is critical for the reliability of electronic devices. With the continuing trend of decreasing dimensions of various features and layers in microelectronics, the limitations of the methods used to test their mechanical behavior are becoming apparent. Smaller microelectronic device dimensions require the fabrication and attachment of smaller fixtures to the device samples to apply mechanical loads, and at such small length scales, fabrication and attachment of appropriately small fixtures have become difficult. Additionally, testing of smaller devices requires similarly small, but accurate, control and measurement of forces and the resulting displacements. Thus, novel test methods are needed for mechanical reliability testing of next-generation microelectronic devices. In this paper, a magnetically actuated method to mechanically test features and layers in microelectronics is presented and examined. This method uses magnetic forces to initiate and propagate mechanical failures in the interfaces of a microelectronic structure using a fixtureless and contactless technique. In the test, a permanent magnet is attached to the surface of the tested microelectronic structure. The tested sample with the permanent magnet is then placed in an external electromagnetic field which applies a localized force to be able to initiate and propagate interfacial delamination. Different loading magnitudes and profiles can be created by adjusting the applied voltage of the external electromagnetic field. Thus, both monotonic and fatigue loading conditions can be achieved using the proposed test technique. Furthermore, tensile, shear, and mixed loading conditions can be facilitated by changing the location and orientation of the externally applied electromagnetic field. Numerical simulations, in combination with experiments, are used to determine the forces induced on the die pads through the external electromagnetic field on the permanent magnet. The force on the permanent magnet is then used to examine interfacial crack propagation between different layers, and to demonstrate the viability of the proposed test technique.
Compliance with the Standard of Care: Hurricane Katrina Canal Breaches in New Orleans’ Lower 9th Ward

Hurricane Katrina Canal Breaches in New Orleans’ Lower 9th Ward. On August 29, 2005, more than 50 levees and flood walls failed to protect New Orleans, LA, during Hurricane Katrina, one of the most...
Sensitivity of Trip Distribution to Subarea Focusing

The expected accuracy of a proposed method for reducing computational costs of urban and regional travel demand forecasting is explored. The technique investigated is a data aggregation approach called subarea focusing. In subarea focusing a subarea of interest in a study region is isolated for analysis. An imaginary boundary (called the window) is drawn around the subarea. Areal data within the window are maintained at a fine (zonal) level of detail while data outside the window are aggregated into districts. Network data are not simplified. The effects of subarea focusing on trip distribution outputs were investigated. Three subareas (Seattle CBD, Tacoma CBD, and the suburban city of Bellevue) and three levels of aggregation were investigated. Both regional and centroid-to-centroid errors were calculated. The error analyses indicate that subarea focusing is a sufficiently accurate technique for conventional demand forecasting.
European advanced marine electronic instrumentation

Abstract This article presents a US perspective on the influence of government policies on the nature and development of advanced marine electronic instrumentation (MEI) technologies in Europe. US firms traditionally have enjoyed a strong international competitive advantage in the MEI field, but European institutions are undergoing rapid changes that may affect the competitive position of firms in advanced technology industries. These include the consolidation of firms in specific markets and the increased emphasis on centralized, collaborative ‘technology transfer’ research efforts across sectors and across national borders. We expect broadly defined marine markets to grow in Europe. The best policy for US firms may well be one of cautious optimism and close attention to the potential for business relationships with established and emerging European firms.
Endless Forms Most Beautiful and Most Wonderful: South American Mammals

It is especially fitting that in the year leading up to the 150th anniversary of the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species, a group of animals that played such an important role in the development of his ideas, the South American mammals, have received a new and exhaustive treatment. The Neotropical faunal region, dominated by the continent of South America, is home to one of the most diverse mammalian faunas on the planet. The Neotropics may have the largest number of mammalian species of any of the major faunal provinces on the planet (Cole et al. 1994), with the second highest number of families and the largest number of endemic families (Feldhamer et al. 2007). Yet despite the significance of this fauna, Alfred Gardner, the editor of this new treatise on South American mammals, notes, “it is obvious the taxonomy and distribution of most South American mammals remain inadequately known and revisions of most groups are needed” (p. xvi). This book has as its goal a summary of current knowledge of South American mammal taxonomy and biogeography, highlighting what is known and what remains problematic. Several fairly extensive treatments of Neotropical mammals have been published over the last two decades (Eisenberg 1989; Redford and Eisenberg 1992; Emmons and Feer 1997; Eisenberg and Redford 1999; Lord 2007), but none is as ambitious or attempts to be as comprehensive. According to the editor, work onMammals of South America was initiated in the early 1980s, and the current book is the first of three planned volumes, each devoted to a separate taxonomic segment of the South American mammalian fauna. This first volume covers the marsupial orders and three placental ordinal or supraordinal level taxa: Xenarthra, Soricomorpha, and Chiroptera. The second volume will cover Rodents, and the third the remaining placental taxa. Geographic coverage includes the continent of South America itself and several nearby island chains Trinidad and Tobago, the Netherland Antilles, and the Galapagos Islands but excludes the Central American portion of the Neotropics. The bulk of the text of the first volume consists of quite detailed, and for the most part, upto-date species accounts for all the relevant South American mammal species. These accounts include detailed synonymies for the species themselves, as well as any recognized subspecies, descriptions of geographic distributions at both the specific and subspecific level, and detailed range maps for each species. The latter are based on marginal locality records, and these records are also listed in the text with appropriate references provided, a very useful feature of the book. Each species account also includes a summary of the species’ natural history and a discussion section that treats problematic issues with its taxonomy or distriJ Mammal Evol (2009) 16:307–308 DOI 10.1007/s10914-009-9111-4
Laser CVD system design, operation, and modeling

A gas-jet laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) system has been designed and developed for the manufacture of small, complex ceramic, metallic, and composite parts. In the past two years, direct writing and fiber growth mechanisms have been demonstrated for several materials. Thermally controlled experiments have permitted the optimization of process parameters and the growth of three-dimensional muti-layer structures. Extensive modeling in the areas of chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid flow, and mass tranport have lead to a better understanding of the LCVD process.
The Schur multipliers of the Mathieu groups

The Mathieu groups are the finite simple groups M 11 , M 12 , M 22 , M 23 , M 24 given originally as permutation groups on respectively 11, 12, 22, 23, 24 symbols. Their definition can best be found in the work of Witt [1]. Using a concept from Lie group theory we can describe the Schur multiplier of a group as the center of a “simply-connected” covering of that group. A precise definition will be given later. We also mention that the Schur multiplier of a group is the second cohomology group of that group acting trivially on the complex roots of unity. The purpose of this paper is to determine the Schur multipliers of the five Mathieu groups.
Habitus and Utopia in Science: Bourdieu, Mannheim, and the Role of Specialties in the Scientific Field

Abstract: Pierre Bourdieu has claimed that his concept of the habitus resolves the objectivism/constructivism debate in the sociology of science. While institutional norms require that scientists maintain a disinterested attitude, studies have revealed that scientists often fail to live up to the normative standard of disinterestedness, sometimes becoming highly tendentious to promote their own work. Bourdieu resolves the interested/disinterested paradox by claiming that scientists promote their own personal interests through objective science. This is supposed to be the consequence of the scientific habitus, which ensures that the biases of the scientific field remain invisible to scientists who operate within it. The concept of the habitus is central to Bourdieu’s theory of science. However, it has suffered from two major shortcomings: 1) the scientific field is made up of clusters of specializations which are shaped by interactions with each other, and the habitus does not account for these mesolevel interactions; 2) it can only account for reproduction of the scientific field and therefore ignores the mechanisms which produce change. I argue that Karl Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge may be employed to better understand how the properties of scientific specialties both reproduce interested and disinterested behavior among scientists and facilitate change in particular specialty areas. Key words: Pierre Bourdieu; Karl Mannheim; Habitus; Utopia; Field Theory; Specialization; Constructivism; Objectivism; Scientific Change
To Bond or Not to Bond? That is the Question

This case, inspired by a real school district scenario, was developed for use in a graduate-level course in school finance. James Spencer had just been selected as the new superintendent of a low-income, 400-student, rural school district in need of many capital improvements. The previous superintendent had refused to hold a bond election because of persistent criticism and negative feelings resulting from the previous bond election 8 years earlier. Mr. Spencer was left to analyze the district’s needs, resources, political climate, state laws, and the latest research to answer this vexing question: to bond or not to bond?
Modeling CME-shock-driven storms in 2012-2013: MHD test particle simulations

The Van Allen Probes spacecraft have provided detailed observations of the energetic particles and fields environment for coronal mass ejection (CME)-shock-driven storms in 2012 to 2013 which have now been modeled with MHD test particle simulations. The Van Allen Probes orbital plane longitude moved from the dawn sector in 2012 to near midnight and prenoon for equinoctial storms of 2013, providing particularly good measurements of the inductive electric field response to magnetopause compression for the 8 October 2013 CME-shock-driven storm. An abrupt decrease in the outer boundary of outer zone electrons coincided with inward motion of the magnetopause for both 17 March and 8 October 2013 storms, as was the case for storms shortly after launch. Modeling magnetopause dropout events in 2013 with electric field diagnostics that were not available for storms immediately following launch have improved our understanding of the complex role that ULF waves play in radial transport during such events.
Can Emergency Department Triage Nurses Appropriately Utilize the Ottawa Knee Rules to Order Radiographs?—An Implementation Trial

Objective To determine whether triage nurses can successfully interpret the Ottawa Knee Rule (OKR) and order knee radiographs according to the OKR. Methods This was a prospective implementation trial of a clinical decision rule, set in a suburban, community emergency department (ED), evaluating a convenience sample of ED patients aged > 17 years with acute knee injuries. Patients were excluded for altered mental status, distracting injuries, and knee lacerations. Triage nurses and attending emergency physicians (EPs) were trained in appropriate use of the OKR. The triage nurses evaluated eligible patients and radiographs were ordered according to their interpretation of the OKR. EPs who were initially blinded to the triage assessments also evaluated the patients. EPs could add an x-ray order if, according to their assessment of the OKR, one was indicated and a radiograph had not been ordered by the nurse. Nurses and EPs recorded their blinded assessments on standardized data collection instruments. Kappa values were calculated to assess interobserver agreement (IOA) between nurses and EPs; sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated as appropriate. Results One hundred three patients were enrolled; 53% were female; 10 fractures were identified (9.7%). The IOAs between the nurses and EPs for each of the criteria were moderate to almost perfect: age-0.94; fibular head tenderness-0.4; isolated patellar tenderness-0.68; inability to bend knee to 90 degrees-0.73; inability to bear weight-0.76. The IOA was moderate (0.52) for the overall interpretation of the OKR by nurses and EPs. Sensitivity of nurse interpretation of the OKR for fracture was 70%, specificity 33%, NPV 91%, PPV 10%. Sensitivity of EP interpretation of the OKR for fracture was 100%, specificity 25%, NPV 100%, PPV 13%. Conclusions Triage nurses showed fair to good ability to appropriately apply the OKR to pre-order knee radiographs.
Parenting Among Mothers With Bipolar Disorder: Strengths, Challenges, and Service Needs

ABSTRACT Bipolar disorder is a severe form of mental illness with a primary disruption in mood. With fluctuating phases of mania and depression, bipolar disorder can have a serious impact on all activities of daily living, including parenting. Ten mothers with bipolar disorder were interviewed to understand their strengths, challenges, and service needs in parenting. Results describe their love for their children, problems in disciplining, and need for more support groups, among other findings. Interestingly, manic and hypomanic phases are reported to provide more energy to parent. Implications of the study for social work practice and research are discussed.
Enhanced yeast immobilization by nutrient starvation

Saccharomycesuvarum NRRL Y1347 cells were immobilized in a porous support. Cell loadings of up to 600 mg dry cell/g support or 70 mg dry cell/cm3 support were obtained. Starvation in a marine environment increased the adhesion strength of immobilized cells.
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic fullerenes and their Langmuir-Blodgett films.

We report here the synthesis and characterization of three amphiphilic fullerene derivatives and their Langmuir−Blodgett thin films. Two of the C60 amphiphiles are mono-derivatives with a long alkyl chain terminated with either −COOH (2) or NH2 (3) as the hydrophilic headgroup, and the third one (5) is designed to bear the same NH2 group as 3 but with 10 additional hydrophobic alkyl chains grafted on the C60 sphere (Scheme 1). These amphiphiles form stable, ordered monolayers at the air−water interface. The molecular packing at the air−water interface and the mean area per molecule are determined by pressure isotherms at room temperature. Hysteresis of pressure isotherms of side chain C60 (5) shows complete reversibility upon compression and decompression, which suggests that side chains on the C60 sphere inhibit formation of aggregates at the air−water interface. Comparative studies of all three amphiphiles allow us to better determine the interaction between C60's and their self-assembly kinetics at the...
Confronting Trade-Offs In Health Care: Harvard Pilgrim Health Care’s Organizational Ethics Program

Patients, providers, and policy leaders need a new moral compass to guide them in the turbulent U.S. health care system. Task forces have proposed excellent ethical codes, but these have been seen as too abstract to provide guidance at the front lines. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care’s ten-year experience with an organizational ethics program suggests ways in which health care organizations can strengthen transparency, consumer focus, and overall ethical performance and contribute to the national health policy dialogue.
Diminished cellular cytotoxicity in mice hyperimmunized prior to skin grafting

Abstract Although cellular cytotoxicity generated in response to primary skin grafts has been studied in the past by several investigators, responses to skin grafts after repeated alloantigeneic stimulation have not been thoroughly studied. Using in vivo and in vitro assays of cellular cytotoxicity mice hyperimmunized prior to skin grafting showed lesser responses in local lymph nodes and spleen than did mice receiving primary grafts. Control experiments showed that suppressed responses were largely specific, were not due to circulating alloantibody, and were reversed if intraperitoneal tumor rather than a skin graft was used to challenge hyperimmunized mice. Early destruction of skin grafts in the immune host before vascularization was complete and thereby causing early elimination of cellular antigen was suggested as the mechanism for diminished cellular cytotoxicity in response to skin grafts in hyperimmunized hosts.
Radiotelemetry of cardiovascular responses to exercise and diving in penguins.

Abstract 1. 1. Cardiovascular adjustments to voluntary exercise and diving have been studied in two species of penguins ( Pygoscelis papua and P. adeliae ) using techniques for telemetry of blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate. 2. 2. Free exercise resulted in a rise in heart rate (from 122 to 278 beats/min), mean blood pressure (from 92 to 163 mm Hg) and femoral blood flow (from 24 to 59 ml/min). This response was little modified when birds were exercised on a treadmill. 3. 3. Arterial oxygen tension during exercise rose from 70 to 80 mm Hg while venous oxygen tension fell from 38 to 28 mm Hg, resulting in increased oxygen utilization. Severe exercise reduced arterial pH from 7·55 to 7·25. 4. 4. In free swimming, heart rate was 227 beats/min, femoral flow, 40 ml/min and carotid flow, 55 ml/min. During voluntary dives heart rate fell to approximately one-third as did femoral flow to one-fourth and carotid flow by 30 per cent. Forced dives differed by causing considerable struggling accompanied by transient changes in heart rate and blood flows. 5. 5. Only minor changes in blood oxygen tensions and pH were observed after free diving. Forced dives of 90–120 sec caused reductions of arterial oxygen tension from 82·4 to 33·5 mm Hg, venous oxygen tension from 43·5 to 27·5 mm Hg while pH fell from 7·48 to 7·37. Recovery showed a continued but transient decline in pH and venous oxygen tension. At 30 sec pH was 7·27 and venous p O 2 , 25 mm Hg, while arterial oxygen tension had risen near control, 71·5 mm Hg.
Optical Inspection And Process Control

Traditionally, optical devices have served to enhance the capability of human eyes to see smaller or distant objects better, to improve the precision of some measurements or to make other kinds of measurement possible. More recently, new optical and opto-electronic devices, sometimes in conjunction with computers, have made possible optical systems that function without the intervention of human beings. They are capable of executing the key step of drawing conclusions from "scenes" automatically, often without a conventional "image" even being formed. This kind of automation adds increased speed and reliability to the advantage that optical techniques usually have in being non-contacting (not to mention non-destructive). These factors now make optical techniques suitable for use directly on the production line. 100% on-line inspection for quality control is one such use. Making pertinent measurements further upstream - to control the process - can be even more useful than automated quality control at the end of the line, which only sorts scrap from good production without affecting the amount of scrap made.© (1971) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cl-Doped ZnO Nanowires with Metallic Conductivity and Their Application for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Electrodes

Doping semiconductor nanowires (NWs) for altering their electrical and optical properties is a critical strategy for tailoring the performance of nanodevices. ZnO NWs grown by hydrothermal method are pervasively used in optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices. We synthesized in situ Cl-doped ZnO NWs with metallic conductivity that would fit seamlessly with these devices and improve their performance. Possible Cl doping mechanisms were discussed. UV–visible absorption spectroscopy confirmed the visible light transparency of Cl-doped ZnO NWs. Cl-doped ZnO NW/TiO2 core/shell-structured photoelectrochemical (PEC) anode was fabricated to demonstrate the application potential of highly conductive ZnO NWs. Higher photocurrent density and overall PEC efficiency compared with the undoped ZnO NW-based device were achieved. The successful doping and low resistivity of ZnO could unlock the potential of ZnO NWs for applications in low-cost flexible transparent electrodes.
Differential hemispheric activation in good and poor readers.

Good and poor readers were found to differ on a cognitive style variable based on the differential use of one hemisphere over the other. While 20 good readers were equally divided (9 to 11) between right and left hemisphere activators, 17 of the 20 poor readers were right activators. The finding of no difference between the groups on a lateralized discriminative reaction time task when integrated with previous research led to the conclusion that some types of dyslexia result from a deficit in visual to auditory recoding.
Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice

When casein, a milk protein, is hydrolyzed, it renders human foods that contain it (e.g., hypoallergenic infant formula, cheeses) distasteful to many people. This rejection of hydrolyzed casein (HC)-containing foods has recently been found to also occur in a non-human species (deer, Odocoileus spp.). Identifying other animals that avoid HC would facilitate understanding how and why HC-containing food is often rejected. This study determined whether HC-containing food is avoided by Mus musculus and whether consumption patterns were sensitive to testing conditions, specifically food form (powder, pellet or dough) and food access (ad libitum or 1.5 h/day following 6 h of food deprivation). Diets were offered in two-choice tests that paired an HC-containing food with an intact casein-containing alternative at seven protein concentrations (0%–50% w/w). Five experimental groups were tested under different combinations of food form and food access. Three groups (ad lib/powder, ad lib/pellet, and 1.5 h/pellet) avoided the HC diet starting at the 30% protein level. At the 40% and 50% protein levels, all groups showed strong avoidance of HC. Although testing conditions influenced total caloric intake and body weight gain, avoidance of HC at the highest concentrations was robust to the manipulations in experimental conditions. Our study suggests that mice may be a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of HC rejection.
Electrolyte-Solvent Interactions: Effect of Electrolytes on Vibrational Spectrum of Methanol

The addition of quaternary ammonium halides to dilute solutions of methanol in benzene shifts the equilibrium
Deuteron break-up by 42 MeV alpha particles

Abstract Deuteron break-up by 42 MeV alpha particles was studied by measuring absolute cross sections for coincidence detection of the proton and scattered alpha particle. Prominent peaks due to 5 He and 5 Li final-state interactions as well as broad spectator peaks appear in the energy spectra. Only moderate success was achieved in using single-level R -matrix theory to fit the line shape of the final-state interaction peaks.
Watching the Watchmen: State Regulation of Private Security 1982–1998

There are currently over 10,000 security companies in the United States, employing 1.8 million guards. Security guards already outnumber police by almost three to one, and this discrepancy is expected to continue to grow. Security guards perform many of the same functions as police officers, and may even carry weapons, but to what extent do states regulate the private security industry?
Physician location survey: self-reported and census-defined rural/urban locations.

Using a survey of New York State Residence-Trained Family Physicians and the 1990 census data, this paper assesses the relative importance and consistency of factors associated with physician practice locations when different definitions of community size are used. By matching the zip code information with 434 physicians' practice locations, physician respondents' self-reported communities are linked to census-defined communities. It was found that the significant level of some variables could be affected when community classifications were based on survey responses rather than census data. It concludes that caution should be taken for interpreting rural-urban differences when the data are solely based on self-reported practice locations.
Gender, Social Support, and Depression in Criminal Justice– Involved Adolescents:

Knowing where criminal justice-involved teens look for support and whether those supports reduce depression has important and possibly gender-specific treatment implications for this vulnerable population. This study examines the relationships between social support and depression in a mixed-gender sample of 198 incarcerated adolescents. Greater support from families and overall and greater satisfaction with supports predicted lower depression for boys and girls. Support from siblings and extended family strongly predicted lower depression; support from parents and from friends was either not related or only weakly related to depression. Girls reported higher levels of depression, more support from friends and extended family, and less support from parents than did boys. Family, sibling, and overall support were stronger predictors of depression for girls than for boys. Results suggest that nonparent family members, especially siblings and extended family, provide important emotional resources for teens in the criminal justice system.
Religiosity and Alcohol Use in Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth and Young Adults

Despite interest in the role of religiosity in youth development and health behavior, few studies have examined these associations in sexual minority youth. Participants (n = 11,699) who were adolescents (wave 1) and young adults (wave 3) in the Add Health survey were used to examine proximal and distal religiosity by sexual identity group and to test group differences in associations between religiosity and alcohol use. Sexual minorities were less likely than heterosexuals to report a current religious affiliation. In young adulthood, heterosexual females reported significantly higher distal and proximal religiosity than heterosexual males and sexual minority young adults. From adolescence to young adulthood, religiosity in all three sexual identity groups (heterosexual, bisexual, gay/lesbian) significantly declined, with the largest effects found for the sexual minority groups. Distal and proximal religiosity scores were significantly associated with less alcohol use and less binge drinking among heterosexuals, but not among sexual minorities. Future studies of sexual minority youth and their religious contexts are suggested.
Using PAM fluorometry for landscape-level assessment of Thalassia testudinum: Can diurnal variation in photochemical efficiency be used as an ecoindicator of seagrass health?

Abstract Landscape-scale measurements of PSII photochemical efficiency (ΔF/Fm′) by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry were evaluated from 2006 to 2009 as a non-invasive method for monitoring the physiological condition of the seagrass, Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig, in Florida Bay, USA. Previous landscape-scale studies have shown that PAM-derived measurements of effective (ΔF/Fm′) and maximum (Fv/Fm) photochemical efficiencies, as well as rapid light curves (RLC), exhibit significant diurnal variation. In this study, a regression approach was used to assess the magnitude of diurnal variation of ΔF/Fm′ versus irradiance at the bay scale and among 12 sample basins. Variation in ΔF/Fm′ versus irradiance reflects changes in the efficiency of dissipation of excess energy (photoprotection) and PSII inactivation (photodamage), which would be expected to vary with changes in physiological condition or photoacclimation state. ΔF/Fm′ significantly decreased with increasing irradiance at both the bay and basin scales. Regression slopes of ΔF/Fm′ versus irradiance were highly variable among years in 8 of the 12 sampled basins, ranging 5.6-fold from lowest to highest slopes. In contrast, regression derived y-intercepts varied only 1.7-fold over the 4-year period, but intercepts were significantly correlated with response slopes. Analyses of covariance indicated that diurnal response slopes significantly decreased from 2006 to 2009 at the bay scale, which corresponded to increasing water clarity and increased ambient irradiance at the leaf canopy as widespread phytoplankton blooms, which had initiated in the fall of 2005, dissipated. The results indicated a shift in the photo-acclimation state of T. testudinum with the cessation of phytoplankton blooms. They also suggest that regressions of ΔF/Fm′ versus irradiance, rather than absolute ΔF/Fm′ values, better reflect seagrass physiological condition when PAM-fluorescence measurements are obtained at landscape scales over diurnal periods.
A model for music therapy with students with emotional and behavioral disorders

Abstract Music therapy has been used in a variety of ways to benefit students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), even though little information on the specifics involved in applying music therapy to this population has been written. With proper planning of musical activities and sessions, students can benefit from a music therapy program structured for the success of each individual. The purpose of this paper is to review how music therapy has been used with students with EBD and to propose a model of music therapy for students with EBD in a pyschoeducational setting. With caseloads increasing for music therapists, organization and planning of the music therapy program is an effective way to optimize services. The model presented is designed to combine the music therapy process with the 9-week grading period of the school setting and provides suggestions for music therapy and other therapeutic modalities to work collaboratively with students with EBD.
New Refreshable N-Halamine Polymeric Biocides: N-Chlorination of Acyclic Amide Grafted Cellulose

Acyclic N-halamine structures have demonstrated antibacterial functions similar to cyclic N-halamine. Precursors of acyclic halamine such as acrylamide and methacrylamide can be easily grafted onto surfaces of substrates via radical polymerization processes. However, due to easy hydrolysis of primary amides during chlorination and steric hindrance of secondary amide to conversion to acyclic halamine structures, the acyclic halamines still have limitations to many applications in preparation of antimicrobial materials. To reduce hydrolysis of amide during chlorination, particularly under alkaline conditions, addition of electrolytes such as NaCl was able to improve chlorination of polyacrylamide grafted cotton (chlorine content 458 ppm) with less than 10% hydrolysis under slightly basic (pH = 8) conditions. Both acidic conditions and the addition of salt can increase the chlorination of secondary amides and provide effective antibacterial functions on the treated cellulose (5 log reduction of E. coli in co...
Poly ADP-ribose synthesis and DNA replication in synchronized mouse L-cells.

Abstract The presence and synthesis of Poly ADP-ribose in vivo has been established in synchronized mouse L-cells. The polymer is synthesized predominantly in two short-lived bursts in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Inhibition of polymer synthesis by nicotinamide (20 mM) during the S-phase inhibits the rate of DNA replication subsequent to the time of poly ADP-ribose synthesis.
Improved Sensitivity of Infrared Spectroscopy by the Application of Least Squares Methods

Improved sensitivity and precision in the quantitative analysis of trace gases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been achieved by the application of new spectral least squares methods. By relating all of the spectral information present in the reference spectrum of a trace gas to that of the unknown sample and by appropriately fitting the baseline, detections of trace gases can be obtained even though the individual spectral features may lie well below the noise level. Four least squares methods incorporating different baseline assumptions were in vestigated and compared using calibrated gases of CO, N2O, and CO2 in dry air. These methods include: (I) baseline known, (II) baseline linear over the spectral region of interest, (III) baseline linear over each spectral peak, and (IV) negligible baseline shift between successive data points. Methods III and IV were found to be most reliable for the gases studied. When method III is applied to the spectra of these trace gases, detection limits improved by factors of 5 to 7 over conventional methods applied to the same data. "Three sigma" detection limits are equal to 0.6, 0.2, and 0.08 ppm for CO, N2O, and CO2, respectively, when a 10-cm pathlength at a total pressure of 640 Torr is used with a ∼35 min measurement time at 0.06 cm−1 resolution.
A recurrence relation for transmission and absorption functions of infrared radiating gases

Abstract A new recurrence relation for transmission and absorption functions of i.r. radiating gases analogous to the familiar recurrence relations for the exponential integral functions is derived. Applications of this to the determination of transmission and absorption functions for a band model including line structure effects illustrate the usefulness of the result.
HIV-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome (HIV-GBS) has been reported since 1985. Based on previous reports, this neuropathy typically occurs early in HIV infection, even at seroconversion, prior to developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients with GBS and CD4 counts of <50 have been proposed to have cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and empiric gancyclovir is recommended. We reviewed medical records of 10 patients with HIV-GBS at five hospitals from 1986 to 1999. The mean CD4 count was 367/mm(3) (range 55-800). GBS was the first symptom of HIV infection in three patients. Four patients had AIDS with CD4 counts ranging from 55 to 190. CSF white blood cell (WBC) was 0 wbc/mm(3) in four patients, 2-10 wbc/mm(3) in three and 11-17 wbc/mm(3) in two. Three had recurrent weakness from 9 weeks to 4 years after the onset of symptoms, which persisted. HIV-GBS occurs in early and late stages of HIV infection, and may follow the onset of AIDS. No patients were seen with severe immunosuppression (CD4<50). A mild cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in GBS suggests HIV infection, but is frequently absent. Compared to HIV-negative people, HIV-GBS may be associated with more frequent recurrent episodes or the development of CIDP.
Transfer of the drug-resistance transposon Tn5 to Rhizobium

TRANSPOSONS are discrete sequences of DNA that are incapable of self-replication and can insert into DNA replicons, such as chromosomes or plasmids, in the absence of the recA gene function1. Insertion can be random and where it occurs into the continuity of a gene leads to non-leaky polar mutations1. Some transposons carry drug resistance genes and thus insertions can be mapped as drug-resistance markers1. We report here that Tn5, a transposon coding for kanamycin resistance2, can insert into the chromosome of Rhizobium leguminosarum, the bacterium responsible for nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Pisum, Vicia, Lathyrus and Lens.
Comparison of bacterial growth to high-intensity microwave exposure and conventional heating.

Escherichia coli pol A+ and pol A− strains were exposed to 8.8-GHz microwaves pulsed at 1,000 Hz (1-μs pulse width) and an SAR of 40 W/kg, which increased the temperature of the cell culture by 7 °C. Two-way analysis of variance showed no significant difference between the growth rates of microwave irradiated and thermally exposed cells.
Global phase diagram for the spin-1 antiferromagnet with uniaxial anisotropy on the kagome lattice

The phase diagram of the $XXZ$ spin-1 quantum magnet on the kagome lattice is studied for all cases where the $z$-component nearest-neighbor spin interaction ${J}_{z}$ is antiferromagnetic. Besides ${J}_{z}$ and the nearest-neighbor in-plane spin interaction ${J}_{xy}$, the system is also parametrized by an on-site anisotropic term $D{({S}^{z})}^{2}$. In the zero magnetic field case, the six previously introduced phases, found using various methods, are the nondegenerate gapped photon phase, which breaks no space symmetry or spin symmetry; the sixfold degenerate phase with plaquette order, which breaks both time-reversal symmetry and translational symmetry; the ``superfluid'' (ferromagnetic) phase with an in-plane global U(1) symmetry broken when ${J}_{xy}l0$; the $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ order when ${J}_{xy}g0$; the nematic phase when $Dl0$ and large; and a phase with resonating dimers on each hexagon. We obtain all of these phases and partial information about their quantum phase transitions in a single framework by studying condensation of defects in the sixfold plaquette phases. The transition between nematic phase and the sixfold degenerate plaquette phase is potentially an unconventional second-order critical point. In the case of a nonzero magnetic field along $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{z}$, another ordered phase with translation symmetry broken is opened up in the nematic phase. Due to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by the field, a supersolid phase emerges between the sixfold plaquette order and the superfluid phase. This phase diagram might be accessible in nickel compounds, organic compound $m\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{MPYNN}∙\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}$, or optical lattices of atoms with three degenerate states on every site.