cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable LPV control design for Boeing 747-100/200 longitudinal axis

Presents the design of a reconfigurable linear parameter varying (LPV) controller for the Boeing 747-100/200 longitudinal axis in the up-and-away flight regime. The control objectives are to obtain decoupled flight-path angle and velocity command tracking and achieve good disturbance rejection characteristics during normal operation and in the presence of an elevator fault. The LPV controller is synthesized using a quasi-LPV model of the aircraft longitudinal axis based on the Jacobian linearization approach. The controller schedules on three parameters: flight altitude and velocity and a fault identification signal. During normal flight operations, the LPV controller uses the elevators and thrust for flight maneuvers. The stabilizer is used to trim the aircraft. Two elevator fault scenarios are contemplated-lock and float. The proposed control strategy is to use the stabilizer as the alternative longitudinal control surface. Simulation results with elevator faults present show that the reconfigured controller stabilizes the faulted system at the expense of a factor of a designed one-third reduction in the tracking responsiveness of the longitudinal axis and has good disturbance rejection properties.
Impact of microwave synthesis conditions on the rechargeable capacity of LiCoPO4 for lithium ion batteries

Lithium transition metal phosphates have the capability of improving cathode energy densities up to 800 Wh kg−1, a 27 % increase over conventional cathode active material energy densities. In this study, the effect of base-to-acid (NH4OH:H3PO4) stoichiometric conditions on the intrinsic reversible capacity of lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO4) active material are investigated through microwave synthesis and electrochemical testing. Variation in solution pH results in an increase of 69 mAh g−1 in achievable capacity. X-ray diffraction results show highly crystalline LiCoPO4, with particle sizes ranging from 200 nm to greater than 1 μm based upon scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical analysis with 1 M LiPF6 EC:EMC (1:2 v/v) provides the highest capacity over multiple cycles. A discharge capacity of 128 mAh g−1 (78 % of theoretical capacity) is achievable for intrinsic LiCoPO4 without further treatment (e.g., carbon coating) at an effective 0.1 C rate with a proper constant current–constant voltage step. Analysis of reported synthesis techniques shows that microwave synthesis yields the highest capacity for the intrinsic LiCoPO4 material to date.
MotifMap: a human genome-wide map of candidate regulatory motif sites

Motivation: Achieving a comprehensive map of all the regulatory elements encoded in the human genome is a fundamental challenge of biomedical research. So far, only a small fraction of the regulatory elements have been characterized, and there is great interest in applying computational techniques to systematically discover these elements. Such efforts, however, have been significantly hindered by the overwhelming size of non-coding DNA regions and the statistical variability and complex spatial organizations of mammalian regulatory elements. Results: Here we combine information from multiple mammalian genomes to derive the first fairly comprehensive map of regulatory elements in the human genome. We develop a procedure for identifying regulatory sites, with high levels of conservation across different species, using a new scoring scheme, the Bayesian branch length score (BBLS). Using BBLS, we predict 1.5 million regulatory sites, corresponding to 380 known regulatory motifs, with an estimated false discovery rate (FDR) of <50%. We demonstrate that the method is particularly effective for 155 motifs, for which 121 056 sites can be mapped with an estimated FDR of <10%. Over 28K SNPs are located in regions overlapping the 1.5 million predicted motif sites, suggesting potential functional implications for these SNPs. We have deposited these elements in a database and created a user-friendly web server for the retrieval, analysis and visualization of these elements. The initial map provides a systematic view of gene regulation in the genome, which will be refined as additional motifs become available. Availability: http://motifmap.ics.uci.edu Contact: ude.icu.sci@xhx; ude.icu.sci@idlabfp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Aerosol exposure from an ultrasonically activated (Harmonic) device

Abstract Study Objective. To determine the distribution and concentration of aerosol particles caused by an ultrasonic (Harmonic) scalpel during simulated surgical use. Design. Setting. Materials. Interventions. Measurements and Main Results. Conclusions.
Capital Allocation in Mult-Division Firms: Hurdle Rates vs. Budgets

It is common practice for firms to ration capital funds to their divisions, rather than set a price and let the divisions use as much as they want. This appears to be true even when the overall firm faces no rationing in the capital market. This paper offers an interpretation of this phenomenon based on Martin Weitzman's "Prices vs. Quantities" model. It is found that a rationing systemis advantageous when division managers do not perceive the full consequences of their investment decisions for the firm as a whole. By contrast, a pricing system for allocating capital among divisions would be favored when the division managers possess valuable information that cannot be costlessly communicated to headquarters. It is then argued that actual capital budgeting practice in many firms reflects a mixture of these two systems and can thus be interpreted as an attempt to reap both kinds of benefits at once.
The Threat of Common Method Variance Bias to Theory Building

The need for more theory building scholarship remains one of the pressing issues in the field of HRD. Researchers can employ quantitative, qualitative, and/or mixed methods to support vital theory-building efforts, understanding however that each approach has its limitations. The purpose of this article is to explore common method variance bias as one of the possible major threats to the validity of quantitative research findings upon which significant theory building relies. Common method variance has been shown to introduce systematic bias into a study by artificially inflating or deflating correlations, thereby threatening the validity of conclusions drawn about the links between constructs. Both procedural design and statistical control solutions are provided to minimize its likelihood in studies with monomethod designs. Finally, editors and reviewers are called upon to support knowledge-building about how best to handle common method variance bias in quantitative studies.
Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery

Over the past few decades, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have become an important class of drug carriers for small molecules, proteins, genes and nanoparticle systems. CPPs represent a very diverse set of short peptide sequences (10–30 amino acids), generally classified as cationic or amphipathic, with various mechanisms in cellular internalization. In this review, a more comprehensive assessment of the chemical structural characteristics, including net cationic charge, hydrophobicity and helicity was assembled for a large set of commonly used CPPs, and compared to results from numerous in vivo drug delivery studies. This detailed information can aid in the design and selection of effective CPPs for use as transport carriers in the delivery of different types of drug for therapeutic applications.
A NEW SPECIES OF BLACK-BELLIED SALAMANDER (GENUS DESMOGNATHUS) FROM THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN GEORGIA

We describe a new species of Desmognathus from Union County, Georgia. It closely resembles D. quadramaculatus, but the two are distinguishable by adult size, body proportions, color pattern, and fixed differences at four allozyme loci. The new, smaller species is currently known from two tributaries of the Nottely River and is sympatric with D. quadramaculatus at both sites. The new form is semi-aquatic and utilizes habitats that are similar to those of D. quadramaculatus. Metamorphosis occurs at a smaller size than in D. quadramaculatus, apparently as a result of a shorter larval period. Selection on life history features may have had a role in the origin and divergence of these forms.
Switched-Capacitor Power Converter Design and Modeling in z-Domain

In any power converter design, identifying the closed loop transfer function is critical for the overall system design, especially for the system stability. Typically, the power stage transfer function of switch mode and SC power converters are modeled in the z-domain, due to their nonlinear large signal behaviors. Hence, the focus of this chapter involves modeling SC power converters in the z-domain and the corresponding design of control algorithms and feedback controller circuits, to achieve efficient output voltage regulation.
Capsule Commentary on Lafreniere et al., Burned Out at the Bedside: Patient Perceptions of Physician Burnout in an Internal Medicine Resident Continuity Clinic.

L afreniere et al. 1 found that physicians with higher reported rates of depersonalization were perceived as more empathic and enabling by their patients. Also, higher physician emotional exhaustion scores did not significantly correlate with patient perceptions of empathy or enablement. Internal medicine resident physician burnout is common, and has been the focus of many interventions over the past several years. The revamping of resident duty hour restrictions in 2011, among other goals, was implemented with the intention of limiting physician burnout and therefore improving quality of care provided to patients. Subsequent studies have shown that burnout did not significantly change after the 2011 duty hour restrictions were implemented, which makes this study by Lafreniere et al. all the more meaningful. As we continue to tweak duty hours and empower residency leadership to actively focus on reducing resident physician burnout rates, the intended outcomes may be years in the making, and it is important to consider whether resident perceptions of burnout are affecting their delivery of patient care. This study suggests that patients do not consider their burnt-out resident physicians to be providing them with inadequate care. While minimizing burnout is important for residents’ wellbeing, it is reassuring that patients’ rating of empathy does not appear to be suffering, regardless of the degree of emotional exhaustion reported by resident physicians. Given the nature of the study, it is difficult to ascertain whether resident depersonalization is what is being perceived as empathic or enabling by the patient, or whether the strongly empathic residents are those that rate their own emotional exhaustion more critically. It would be useful to establish whether a causal relationship exists between residents reporting higher levels of depersonalization and being perceived as more enabling because they are, in fact, not as emotionally involved in the shared decision-making process, resulting in patient perceptions of increased enablement. Future research could help to establish causality, although this would be difficult given the inherent lability in perceptions of emotional delivery.
Prolongevity hormone FGF21 protects against immune senescence by delaying age-related thymic involution

Age-related thymic degeneration is associated with loss of naive T cells, restriction of peripheral T-cell diversity, and reduced healthspan due to lower immune competence. The mechanistic basis of age-related thymic demise is unclear, but prior evidence suggests that caloric restriction (CR) can slow thymic aging by maintaining thymic epithelial cell integrity and reducing the generation of intrathymic lipid. Here we show that the prolongevity ketogenic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of the endocrine FGF subfamily, is expressed in thymic stromal cells along with FGF receptors and its obligate coreceptor, βKlotho. We found that FGF21 expression in thymus declines with age and is induced by CR. Genetic gain of FGF21 function in mice protects against age-related thymic involution with an increase in earliest thymocyte progenitors and cortical thymic epithelial cells. Importantly, FGF21 overexpression reduced intrathymic lipid, increased perithymic brown adipose tissue, and elevated thymic T-cell export and naive T-cell frequencies in old mice. Conversely, loss of FGF21 function in middle-aged mice accelerated thymic aging, increased lethality, and delayed T-cell reconstitution postirradiation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Collectively, FGF21 integrates metabolic and immune systems to prevent thymic injury and may aid in the reestablishment of a diverse T-cell repertoire in cancer patients following HSCT.
Heart Failure Prevention: Special Considerations for Women

Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic in the USA, and the American Heart Association estimates there are 550,000 new cases of HF in men and women annually. Despite advances in evidence-based cardiovascular care including improved awareness of women’s cardiovascular disease, important gender discrepancies persist in the diagnosis and management of HF. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of HF in the USA, and despite advancing therapies for acute coronary syndromes, young women (age < 55) are the only population with increasing mortality from CHD. Women stand to greatly benefit from improved efforts targeting HF prevention; therefore, the purposes of this paper are to review the current literature pertaining to HF prevention in women and to identify areas where opportunities exist for improving cardiovascular care for women as well as topics that warrant further investigation.
Modifying Physical Activities to Include Individuals with Disabilities: A Systematic Approach

Meeting the needs of individuals with disabilities in inclusive physical activity settings can be a challenge. Constraints related to equipment, class size, curriculum, and the various ability levels of individuals with and without disabilities can infl uence the success or failure of participants and instructors. This article describes the components of a systematic approach to addressing the needs of individuals with disabilities in an inclusive physical activity setting. Special attention is given to understanding how the instructor can control the environment and tasks to meet the needs of the participants. A novel game example is used to demonstrate the suggested approach to making modifi cations and adaptations that are meaningful, generalizable, and fun.
Age and Health in Roman Egypt

Prepared for a forthcoming handbook of Roman Egypt, this paper surveys ancient and comparative evidence and modern interpretations of life expectancy, mortality patterns, and disease in ancient Egypt.
Synthesis of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes that Contain a tert-Butylimido Ligand

A variety of molybdenum or tungsten complexes that contain a tert-butylimido ligand have been prepared. For example, the o-methoxybenzylidene complex W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)(Cl)2(py) was prepared through addition of pyridinium chloride to W(N-t-Bu)2(CH2-o-MeOC6H4)2, while Mo(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)(ORF)2(t-BuNH2) complexes (ORF = OC6F5 or OC(CF3)3) were prepared through addition of two equivalents of RFOH to Mo(N-t-Bu)2(CH2-o-MeOC6H4)2. An X-ray crystallographic study of Mo(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)[OC(CF3)3]2(t-BuNH2) showed that the methoxy oxygen is bound to the metal and that two protons on the tert-butylamine ligand are only a short distance away from one of the CF3 groups on one of the perfluoro-tert-butoxide ligands (H···F = 2.456(17) and 2.467(17) A). Other synthesized tungsten tert-butylimido complexes include W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)(pyr)2(2,2′-bipyridine) (pyr = pyrrolide), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC6H4)(pyr)(OHMT) (OHMT = O-2,6-(mesityl)2C6H3), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)(Cl)(py) (py = pyridine), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-...
Heritability of social anxiety: a brief review.

Although recent advances have greatly improved the treatment of and prognosis for social phobia, its etiology remains relatively unexplored. One promising area of investigation is the role of intergenerational transmission. This paper provides an overview of twin and family studies of social anxiety, specifically focusing on questions of evidence for heritability, relative contributions of genetic versus environmental factors, and the implications of variations in diagnostic definitions, e.g., social phobia versus shyness
Solving the Puzzle of ‘Red’ Sirius:

L'histoire de la couleur de Sirius, l'etoile de la constellation du Grand Chien est etudiee en analysant et resolvant la theorie de Ptolemee
Abstract 1231: Novel chromene analogs as small-molecule microtubule destabilizers for the treatment of chemo-resistant ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%, primarily because of treatment failure due to emergence of chemo-resistance to standard agents. This indicates a dire need for new treatments to improve survival rates. The tubulin dynamics is a promising target for new chemotherapeutic agents. In continuation of our efforts, using medicinal chemistry approach, we recently identified small molecular inhibitors of tubulin polymerization called chromenes, as new ovarian anti-cancer agents. A set of chromene compounds were screened for anti-cancer effect on cisplatin sensitive (A2780, SKOV-3, TOV112D) and cisplatin resistant (OVCAR-3, A2780-cisR, TOV112D-cisR) ovarian cancer cells. In vitro cell viability was assessed by fluorescence based Alamar Blue assay. Our preliminary studies identified SP-6-27 (IC50 range: 0.102± 0.006 - 2.24±0.056 μM) and SP-6-37 (IC50 range: 0.258± 0.159 - 3.61±0.049 μM) as most potent chromene analogs. Both compounds exhibited a potent anticancer activity towards both cisplatin sensitive (SP-6-27 IC50: 0.14± 0.03 μM; SP-6-37 IC50: 1.35± 0.88 μM) and cisplatin resistant (SP-6-27 IC50: 0.81± 1.2 μM; SP-6-37 IC50: 2.09± 1.7 μM) cell lines. The compounds exhibited least cytotoxicity towards normal ovarian epithelial cells (SP-6-27- IC50: 83.35 ± 9.47 μM; SP-6-37- IC50: 75.77 ± 5.37 μM). Additionally, the analysis of apoptotic changes as determined by Annexin-V assay revealed an enhanced apoptosis in both cisplatin sensitive and resistant cells upon treatment with compounds SP-6-27 or SP-6-37. Together, the data demonstrates that ovarian cancer cell lines respond sensitively to SP-6-27 and SP-6-37, demonstrating that the chromene scaffold is effective in suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth. The findings indicate that the novel chromene analogs are a new class of chemotherapeutic agents that will offer advantages for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Arpita Kulshrestha, Safaa A. Ibrahim, Gajendra K. Katara, Renukadevi Patil, Shivaputra Patil, Kenneth D. Beaman. Novel chromene analogs as small-molecule microtubule destabilizers for the treatment of chemo-resistant ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1231.
Targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling pathway for prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from cell based and preclinical studies

H carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, and is also the fourth most common cancer worldwide with around 700,000 new cases each year. Currently, first line chemotherapeutic drugs used for HCC include fluorouracil, cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel and mitomycin, but most of these are non-selective cytotoxic molecules with significant side effects. Sorafenib is the only approved targeted therapy by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for HCC treatment, but patients suffer from various kinds of adverse effects, including hypertension. The signal-transducer-andactivator-of-transcription 3 (STAT3) protein, as a member of STATs transcription factor family, has been implicated in signal transduction by various cytokines, growth factors and oncoproteins. In normal cells, STAT3 activation is strictly controlled to prevent unscheduled gene regulation, whereas constitutively activated STAT3 is found to participate in oncogenesis through upregulation of genes encoding apoptosis inhibitors, cell cycle regulators and inducers of angiogenesis. Thus, pharmacologically safe and effective agents that can block STAT3 activation have the potential both for prevention and treatment of HCC. In the present talk, the author will discuss the potential role of STAT3 signaling cascade and its interacting partners in HCC initiation and progression.
Examining Predictors of Group Leader Self-Efficacy for Preservice School Counselors

Group counseling is an important treatment modality used to support clients in a variety of therapeutic settings. This article highlights the results of an exploratory study that examined site supervisory factors that predicted group leader self-efficacy for preservice school counselors. Results of multiple regression analyses suggest meaningful relationships between receiving feedback and managing anxiety specific to group leadership (two important aspects inherent in the process of supervision) and preservice school counselors’ group leader self-efficacy. Implications for counselor training and supervision are discussed.
The justification of reconstructive and reproductive memory beliefs

Preservationism is a dominant account of the justification of beliefs formed on the basis of memory. According to preservationism, a memory belief is justified only if that belief was justified when it was initially held. However, we now know that much (if not most) of what we remember is not explicitly stored, but instead reconstructed when we attempt to recall it. Since reconstructive memory beliefs may not have been continuously held by the agent, or never held before at all, a purely preservationist account of memory does not allow for justified reconstructed memory beliefs. In this essay, I show how a process reliabilist account can maintain preservationism about reproductive memory beliefs while accommodating the justification of reconstructive memory beliefs. I argue that reconstructive memory is an inferential process, and that therefore the beliefs it produces are justified in the same way that other inferential beliefs are justified. Accordingly, my process reliabilist account combines a preservationist account of reproductive memory with an inferential account of reconstructive memory. I end by defending this view against objections.
Low-Tech Solution to a High-Tech Problem

Physicians can use the knowledge and interest that web-savvy patients bring to the clinical encounter to improve disease management and the patient-physician relationship. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Kalman Filtering for Attitude and Parameter Estimation of Nanosatellites Without Gyroscopes

In this work, a Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed that estimates the spacecraft attitude and attitude parameters without gyroscope measurements for nanosatellites. The attitude parameters incl...
Problems with Drug Interactions in Treating Brain Disorders

Many patients with evidence of brain disease, brain damage, or mental retardation receive drugs such as anticonvulsants and psychotropic agents which act primarily at the level of the central nervous system. Often, more than one of these agents will be administered at the same time, setting the stage for untoward effects.
The role of negative pressure wound therapy in salvaging a six-year-old child's crushed foot - A case report.

Abstract Crushed extremity is an infrequent injury in children and represents a major challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Sometimes the decision making process, whether to amputate or save a limb, is very difficult. Several scoring systems have been developed in order to determine the fate of crushed extremities, but they are not always predictive when patients are children. In the past few years, advances in bone and soft tissue reconstruction techniques have improved outcomes, even in the most extreme cases. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy has become an accepted option in the treatment of crushed limbs. We report a 6-year-old child with a crushed left foot from the running chain of his father's motorcycle. Early revascularization and stabilization along with multiple debridement and the application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy leaded to salvage of the child's limb. At the end of one year follow up, he presented a very good functional and aesthetic result. Level of clinical evidence "4".
Influence of landscape structure, topography, and forest type on spatial variation in historical fire regimes, Central Oregon, USA

In the interior Northwest, debate over restoring mixed-conifer forests after a century of fire exclusion is hampered by poor understanding of the pattern and causes of spatial variation in historical fire regimes. To identify the roles of topography, landscape structure, and forest type in driving spatial variation in historical fire regimes in mixed-conifer forests of central Oregon. We used tree rings to reconstruct multicentury fire and forest histories at 105 plots over 10,393 ha. We classified fire regimes into four types and assessed whether they varied with topography, the location of fuel-limited pumice basins that inhibit fire spread, and an updated classification of forest type. We identified four fire-regime types and six forest types. Although surface fires were frequent and often extensive, severe fires were rare in all four types. Fire regimes varied with some aspects of topography (elevation), but not others (slope or aspect) and with the distribution of pumice basins. Fire regimes did not strictly co-vary with mixed-conifer forest types. Our work reveals the persistent influence of landscape structure on spatial variation in historical fire regimes and can help inform discussions about appropriate restoration of fire-excluded forests in the interior Northwest. Where the goal is to restore historical fire regimes at landscape scales, managers may want to consider the influence of topoedaphic and vegetation patch types that could affect fire spread and ignition frequency.
Evaluation for Public Health Informatics

Evaluation is the application of specific criteria to determine the value or merit of the object of the study. Ensuring that public health information systems (ISs) and programs are managed wisely is essential. Evaluation answers the question of “why” a system is necessary, by collecting the data and performing the analysis needed to make determinations of efficiency and effectiveness and is a critical component to any public health informatics (PHI) project. Evaluation should occur at all stages of a PHI project. By using a combination of formative and summative evaluation, a well-designed plan provides key data to stakeholders that allow for informed decision-making about continuing, replacing, enhancing or retiring a public health IS. The design of the evaluation plan begins with identifying a mental model (e.g., information value cycle or data-information system-context-rings) from which to view the project and the evaluation objectives and determine what to evaluate. Conceptual frameworks, evaluation strategies, and methodology toolkits help define how the evaluation plan is developed and executed. A comprehensive program (e.g., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s six-step evaluation framework) provides an example of an evaluation template.
Origins and Contemporary Status of Habitat Dioramas in the United States

Whether considered to be fashionably relevant or awkwardly archaic, habitat dioramas have been a mainstay of natural history exhibition in United States museums since the early 1900s. Diorama artists and enthusiasts in the US have influenced the manner and techniques of display, internationally. This chapter summarizes the early history of habitat dioramas in the US highlighting Charles Willson Peale’s first displays in the late 1780s and trends in the US to 1900. Taxidermy and habitat publications, expositions, and important individuals such as James Hurst, Martha Maxwell and those associated with the Society of American Taxidermists are described. In addition, the current conditions of habitat diorama artistry and exhibition planning in a selection of today’s US natural history museums, including the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, are explored.
Volkswagen’s new 2.0 l TDI engine for the most stringent emission standards — Part 1

Having already being launched in Europe in the VW Tiguan and Audi A4, Common Rail engines have been redeveloped to comply with the strictest exhaust fume limits in the world, namely the Tier 2 Bin5 emission legislation in the USA, and will consequently be launched in the VW Jetta there mid-2008. As well as internal engine features like an optimised injection system, a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system and a new method of cylinder pressure control, a technical highlight is the implementation of an NOx exhaust gas aftertreatment system. These new engine components require the development of new control algorithms and intensive coordination of parameters for this entirely new combustion process.
Mineral Weathering and Podzolization Control Acid Neutralization and Streamwater Chemistry Gradients in Upland Glaciated Catchments, Northeastern United States

Headwater streams in the White Mountains, NH, USA have been shown to have downstream gradients of increasing pH and concentrations of base cations coupled with decreasing concentrations of aluminum. A two-stage acid neutralization model involving shallow soil exchange processes in headwaters coupled with deeper mineral weathering downstream had been proposed to explain these gradients. We conducted synoptic sampling of three headwater catchments in this region that showed variations in this longitudinal pattern, ranging from streams that remain acidic throughout their length to streams with circumneutral pH beginning at their source. To explain these differences, we mapped soils using a hydropedologic approach that emphasizes the influence of groundwater saturation frequency and water table regime on soil formation processes. Stream segments with lower pH and base cation concentrations, coupled with higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, aluminum, and in one case iron, were in subcatchments mapped with shallow to bedrock soils where eluvial soil forming processes dominated. In contrast, stream segments with higher pH and base cation concentrations coupled with low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and aluminum were associated with subcatchments with deeper soils where illuvial processes were more dominant. Concentrations of sodium and silicon were relatively uniform across these gradients. Coupled with the higher concentrations of dissolved aluminum and small pools of exchangeable aluminum in the areas of bedrock outcrops and shallow soils, these data suggest that primary mineral dissolution is an important process influencing upper stream reaches. Some stream reaches with obvious groundwater springs show a more abrupt transition suggesting that neutralization along deeper flowpaths may play a role as well. These data suggest a new three stage model of stream chemistry evolution with introduction of organic acids by frequent flushing of organic soils on shallow bedrock along ridge areas, acidic reaches controlled by shallow mineral weathering processes coupled with eluvial soil development, giving way to downstream reaches influenced by illuviation as organometallic complexes precipitate in spodic soil horizons. This new model highlights differences in critical zone evolution along hillslopes in glaciated catchments with implications for understanding gradients in water quality, soil fertility, and response and recovery from disturbances.
Interferi: Gesture Sensing using On-Body Acoustic Interferometry

Interferi is an on-body gesture sensing technique using acoustic interferometry. We use ultrasonic transducers resting on the skin to create acoustic interference patterns inside the wearer's body, which interact with anatomical features in complex, yet characteristic ways. We focus on two areas of the body with great expressive power: the hands and face. For each, we built and tested a series of worn sensor configurations, which we used to identify useful transducer arrangements and machine learning fea-tures. We created final prototypes for the hand and face, which our study results show can support eleven- and nine-class gestures sets at 93.4% and 89.0% accuracy, re-spectively. We also evaluated our system in four continu-ous tracking tasks, including smile intensity and weight estimation, which never exceed 9.5% error. We believe these results show great promise and illuminate an inter-esting sensing technique for HCI applications.
Bringing SBIRT into the Community: An Evaluation of a Continuing Education Training for Social Workers

Continuing education (CE) is critical to effective social work practice. There are limited reports of evaluations of CE training in general and Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatm...
Total Syntheses of (+)-Acutiphycin and (+)-trans-20,21-Didehydroacutiphycin

The first total syntheses of the cytotoxic macrolides (+)-acutiphycin (1) and (+)-trans-20,21-didehydroacutiphycin (2) have been achieved. An acyclic stereocontrol strategy was employed to establish the configurations at C(5), C(10), and C(13) as well as the E geometry of the C(8,9)-trisubstituted olefin. Importantly, the natural source of 1 and 2, the blue-green alga Osillatoria acutissima, no longer produces these metabolites.
Scribble co-operatively binds multiple α 1D -adrenergic receptor C-terminal PDZ ligands

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are organized as dynamic macromolecular complexes in human cells. Unraveling the structural determinants of unique GPCR complexes may identify unique protein:protein interfaces to be exploited for drug development. We previously reported α1D-adrenergic receptors (α1D-ARs) - key regulators of cardiovascular and central nervous system function - form homodimeric, modular PDZ protein complexes with cell-type specificity. Towards mapping α1D-AR complex architecture, biolayer interferometry (BLI) revealed the α1D-AR C-terminal PDZ ligand selectively binds the PDZ protein scribble (SCRIB) with >8x higher affinity than known interactors syntrophin, CASK and DLG1. Complementary in situ and in vitro assays revealed SCRIB PDZ domains 1 and 4 to be high affinity α1D-AR PDZ ligand interaction sites. SNAP-GST pull-down assays demonstrate SCRIB binds multiple α1D-AR PDZ ligands via a co-operative mechanism. Structure-function analyses pinpoint R1110PDZ4 as a unique, critical residue dictating SCRIB:α1D-AR binding specificity. The crystal structure of SCRIB PDZ4 R1110G predicts spatial shifts in the SCRIB PDZ4 carboxylate binding loop dictate α1D-AR binding specificity. Thus, the findings herein identify SCRIB PDZ domains 1 and 4 as high affinity α1D-AR interaction sites, and potential drug targets to treat diseases associated with aberrant α1D-AR signaling.
Age-dependent increase in Thy-1 protein in the rat supraoptic nucleus.

Abstract Mature mammalian CNS neurons often do not recover successfully following injury. To this point, unilateral lesion of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract results in collateral sprouting from uninjured axons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in 35-day-old but not in 125-day-old rats. Thus, it appears that there are age-related changes within the SON that preclude the older rat from recovering following axotomy. We hypothesize that the intrinsic capacity for axon reorganization may depend, in part, on age-related alterations in cell adhesion molecules that allow normal astrocyte-neuron interactions in the SON. In support of our hypothesis, numerous reports have shown that Thy-1 is increased in neurons at the cessation of axon outgrowth. Therefore, we compared protein levels of Thy-1 and the Thy-1 interacting integrin subunits, alpha-v (αv), beta-3 (s3), and beta-5 (s5), in 35- and 125-day-old SON using western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that there was significantly more Thy-1 protein in the 125-day-old SON compared to 35-day-old SON, but no change in the protein levels of the integrin subunits. Furthermore, we localized Thy-1-, αv integrin-, s3 integrin-, and s5 integrin-immunoreactivity to both neurons and astrocytes in the SON. Altogether, our results suggest that the observed increase in Thy-1 protein levels in the SON with age may contribute to an environment that prevents collateral axonal sprouting in the SON of the 125-day-old rat.
A pair of metal organic framework (MOF)-derived oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for zinc-air batteries

Abstract Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are amazing precursors for the development of functional catalysts due to their ability of being modified both structurally and in terms of composition. This work presents a pair of MOF - derived oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for the advancement of zinc-air batteries. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) are known as ideal materials to create doped carbons. Combining with a sacrificial tellurium template, we have developed a “pseudo-carbon nanotube” with a ZIF-8 that is doped with a mixture of zinc, cobalt, and iron. The resulting mixed-metal doped porous carbon nanotubes (CoFeZn@pCNT) show excellent catalytic activity for ORR with a half-way ORR potential (E1/2) of 0.87 V vs. RHE (reverse hydrogen electrode). Iridium-based catalysts are known as the best option for OER so far, but it is not viable for practical applications due to cost restrictions. Previous research into alternative catalysts has focused on metal oxides with first-row transition metals. Metal sulfides provide superior conductivity compared to metal oxides and are a new frontier in the search for affordable, active, and stable OER catalysts. By combining cobalt, iron, and nickel into a MOF structure (ZIF-67), followed by a sulfurization process, a MOF-derived mixed-metal sulfide catalyst (FeCoNi–S@ZIF) has been developed in this study. The resulting catalysts show an onset OER potential of 1.65 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm−2 and exhibit remarkable stability for the operation of zinc-air batteries.
How YouTube Leads Privacy-Seeking Users Away from Reliable Information

Online media is increasingly selected and filtered by recommendation engines. YouTube is one of the most significant sources of socially-generated information, and as such its recommendation policies are important to understand. Because of YouTube's revenue model, the nature of its recommendation policies is fairly opaque. Hence, we present an empirical exploration of the nature of YouTube recommendations, concentrating on socially-impactful dimensions. First, we confirm that YouTube's recommendations generally "lead away" from reliable information sources, with a tendency to direct users over time toward video channels exposing extreme and unscientific viewpoints. Second, we show that there is a fundamental tension between user privacy and extreme recommendations. We show that in general, users who seek privacy by keeping personal information hidden, receive much more extreme and unreliable recommendations from the YouTube engine. This drawback of user privacy in the presence of recommender systems has not been widely appreciated. We quantify this effect along various dimensions, including its dynamics in time, and show that the tradeoff between privacy and unreliability of recommendations is generally pervasive in the YouTube recommendation process.
Weaning down opioids in the inherited patients on high-dose opioids.

Patients who receive high-dose opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) are at risk for opioid dependence, misuse, and overdose death. Transitions of care between physicians complicate the situation. This retrospective study described the opioid tapering experience of one outpatient pain
Factors associated with long-term survival in patients with early-onset and standard-onset colorectal cancer.

141Background: Differences in incidence, clinical features, and survival between early-onset (EO) and standard-onset (SO) colorectal cancer (CRC) are well-established. Factors associated with longe...
A Pneumatological Kālī-logy and Imago Dei: Contribution of the Yoginī Tantra and Hindu Goddess Traditions to Reconceptualizing the Christian Trinity

Goddess traditions have much to contribute to reflections on the feminine in Imago Dei. Christian theologians and scholars have found goddess traditions in Hinduism as a source of enrichment for Christian theology. Using the Yogini Tantra (YT), a seventeenth-century Tāntric text from India, I argue that the role of Kāli in the Tāntric Trinity and the conceptualization of Kāli-ness as explicated in Hindu Tantra helps us reconsider the role of the feminine in the Christian conception of the trinitarian Godhead and Imago Dei. Kāli-ness offers the feminist scholar of theology a way of doing “thealogy.” Reflecting on the pneumatological dimension of the Tāntric trinitarian godhead and the role of Kāli as pneuma manifesting within and outside of the Godhead helps us reflect on the theological understandings of the Christian trinitarian godhead. I explore the kind of possibilities that such a comparison opens us up to in interreligious learning.
Submandibular Gland Excision in Pediatric Patients.

INTRODUCTION Children who require submandibular gland excision for ptyalism often have multiple associated comorbidities, including neurodevelopmental disorders and respiratory risk factors. The purpose of this study is to utilize a large multicenter database to elucidate the perioperative profile of submandibular gland excision in children, with particular focus on children who require submandibular gland excision for ptyalism. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric dataset was queried for submandibular gland excision performed from 2012 through 2018. Indications were subclassified based on International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes. Complications, readmissions, and reoperations were analyzed with appropriate statistics. RESULTS During the study interval, 304 pediatric patients underwent submandibular gland excision, which was mostly performed for ptyalism (56.9%), followed by inflammatory conditions (20.7%). Patients requiring submandibular gland excision for ptyalism were significantly younger (P < 0.001) and underwent significantly longer procedures (P < 0.001). Ptyalism was associated with significantly higher related adverse events (P = 0.010), related readmission (P = 0.013), and medical complications (P = 0.013), which included a significantly higher risk of pneumonia (P = 0.050). Children with ptyalism had significantly higher rates of overall respiratory comorbidities (P < 0.001), including chronic lung disease (P < 0.001), supplemental oxygen support (P < 0.001), tracheostomy (P < 0.001), and ventilator dependence (P < 0.001). Patients undergoing submandibular gland excision for benign (P all ≥ 0.082) and malignant (P all ≥ 0.565) neoplasms did not have significantly higher rates of any indexed postoperative adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Children requiring submandibular gland excision for ptyalism represent a unique cohort than those requiring excision for other indications, with significantly higher burden of preoperative risk factors, intraoperative durations, and postoperative adverse events.
Wind gust distribution analysis and potential effects on heliostat service life

Abstract Intense gust conditions associated with storms are shown to occur in the range of heliostat natural frequencies and can thus induce high dynamic coupling loads. Wind data taken during a severe storm on an instrumented tower at Savannah River National Laboratory shows that conservative wind speed differences of at least ±4.5 m/s (±10 mph) relative to the average speeds occurred a substantial fraction of the time over periods of the order of 1 s. Although these results were determined for a specific site and a particular storm, they are representative of storm conditions, which are governed primarily by buoyancy effects, as opposed to essentially boundary layer shear effects associated with time-averaged winds speeds that dominate meteorological site data sets. Since heliostats typically have relatively low damping ratios and natural frequencies of the order of 1 Hz, resonant dynamic coupling could occur with significantly higher loads than those predicted from design requirements for steady state winds. This effect reduces service life and impacts reliability through both possible near-instantaneous failures for excessively high dynamically coupled load and the additional high-load cycles that increase cumulative fatigue damage, even if relatively few in number, given the characteristics of fatigue life and loads. Therefore, the effect of these gust-induced cyclic dynamic effects on fatigue life and survival deserve consideration as part of heliostat design and operation. In particular, increased damping of heliostats to mitigate dynamic coupling deserves consideration.
Survival of Streptococcus pyogenes on foods and food contact surfaces.

Streptococcus pyogenes causes septic sore throat in millions of Americans each year and may be transmitted from food handlers to food contact surfaces, foods, and consumers. This study examined the individual survival of six S. pyogenes strains on food contact surfaces (plastic and ceramic plates, plastic cups, and stainless steel utensils) held at 21 degrees C for 2 h and on tomatoes stored aerobically at 21 degrees C for 2 h and at 5 degrees C for 24 h. Survival of a cocktail of the six S. pyogenes strains was also evaluated on vacuum-packaged ready-to-eat meats and cheeses held at 21 degrees C for 8 h and at 5 degrees C for 24 h. Populations generally did not change on tomatoes, cheeses, or beef bologna; however, there were small (0.1 to 0.7 log CFU) but statistically significant decreases (P or = 0.05) or remained constant, with the exception of three strains that significantly decreased in number on ceramic plates (P < 0.05; average decreases, 0.3 log CFU). Results of this study suggest the importance of preventing the contamination of foods and food contact surfaces with S. pyogenes by infected workers.
Gaming the System: Decision Making by Interdependent Critical Infrastructure

Supporting strong, resilient, and integrated critical infrastructure is vital to upholding the U.S. economy and its national security. Arguably, no sector of the economy could exist without the reliable and predictable networks on which it depends. To date, the research on interdependent infrastructure has concentrated on describing the sources of the dependencies and developing models for predicting performance and cascading disruptions after a hazardous event. However, these models fail to capture the perspective of the operators of these networks and how competing, independent objectives lead to suboptimal investment decisions and hence suboptimal network performance. Rather than focus on how interdependent infrastructures operate and possibly fail, we take the perspective of their operators and ask why they make the decisions that they do. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how strategic interdependencies may impact performance of coupled systems by shifting investments away from what is collectively best toward decisions that are more myopic and optimal from the perspective of a single infrastructure. Through our model, we make inferences on the level of investments networks make, relate this to performance, and provide policy recommendations on how to promote reliable infrastructure.