cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast orbit propagator for graphical display

A simple analytic orbit propagator is presented which incorporates a mean-to-osculating transformation to generate a graphical display of the trajectories of earth-orbiting satellites. The first-order effects of the oblateness of the earth on the orbit are consistently included. The propagator encompasses a mean-to-osculating transformation on the semimajor axis, since large intrack errors can be generated by failing to observe the distinction between the mean and osculating values of this parameter.
Remediation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in two different soils

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a set of chemicals that are toxic, persist in the environment for long periods of time, and biomagnify as they move up through the food chain. The most widely used method of POP destruction is incineration, which is expensive and could result in undesirable by-products. An alternative bioremediation technology, which is cheaper and environ-mentally friendly, was tested during this experiment. Two different soil types containing high and low organic matter (OM) were spiked with 100 mg/kg each of pyrene and Aroclor 1248 and planted with three different species of grasses. The objective of the study was to determine residue recovery levels (availability) and potential effectiveness of these plant species for the remediation of POPs. The results showed that recovery levels were highly dependent on the soil organic matter content—very low in all treatments with the high OM content soil compared to recoveries in the low OM soil. This indicates that availability, and, hence, biodegradability of the contaminants is dependent on the organic matter content of the soil. Moreover, the degree of availability was also significantly different for the two classes of chemicals. The polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) recovery (availability) was extremely low in the high organic matter content soil compared to that of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In both soil types, all of the plant species treatments showed significantly greater PCB biodegradation compared to the unplanted controls. Planting did not have any significant effect on the transformation of the PAHs in both soil types; however, planting with switchgrass was the best remedial option for both soil types contaminated with PCB.
A Comparison Principle for Hamilton-Jacobi Equations Related to Controlled Gradient Flows in Infinite Dimensions

We develop new comparison principles for viscosity solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations associated with controlled gradient flows in function spaces as well as the space of probability measures. Our examples are optimal control of Ginzburg–Landau and Fokker–Planck equations. They arise in limit considerations of externally forced non-equilibrium statistical mechanics models, or through the large deviation principle for interacting particle systems. Our approach is based on two key ingredients: an appropriate choice of geometric structure defining the gradient flow, and a free energy inequality resulting from such gradient flow structure. The approach allows us to handle Hamiltonians with singular state dependency in the nonlinear term, as well as Hamiltonians with a state space which does not satisfy the Radon–Nikodym property. In the case where the state space is a Hilbert space, the method simplifies existing theories by avoiding the perturbed optimization principle.
Characterization of a tunable quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam from deuteron breakup

Abstract A neutron irradiation facility is being developed at the 88-inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the purposes of measuring neutron reaction cross sections on radioactive targets and for radiation effects testing. Applications are of benefit to stockpile stewardship, nuclear astrophysics, next generation advanced fuel reactors and cosmic radiation biology and electronics in space. The facility will supply a tunable, quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam in the range of 10–30 MeV or a white neutron source, produced by deuteron breakup reactions on thin and thick targets, respectively. Because the deuteron breakup reaction has not been well studied at intermediate incident deuteron energies, above the target Coulomb barrier and below 56 MeV, a detailed characterization was necessary of the neutron spectra produced by thin targets. Neutron time-of-flight (TOF) methods have been used to measure the neutron spectra produced on thin targets of low-Z (titanium) and high-Z (tantalum) materials at incident deuteron energies of 20 MeV and 29 MeV at 0°. Breakup neutrons at both energies from low-Z targets appear to peak at roughly half of the available kinetic energy, while neutrons from high-Z interactions peak somewhat lower in energy, owing to the increased proton energy due to breakup within the Coulomb field. Furthermore, neutron spectra appear narrower for high-Z targets. These centroids are consistent with recent preliminary proton energy measurements using silicon telescope detectors conducted at LBNL, though there is a notable discrepancy with spectral widths. Prospects for producing a tunable, quasi-monoenergetic neutron facility of 106–108 n/cm2/s at LBNL are promising.
Measurement 101: Some Fundamentals Revisited

The author takes the position that many of the fundamental measurement concepts and relationships often are used in our written communications in ways that demonstrate misunderstanding and lead to confusion. Illustrations of the misuses are provided, anecdotes and speculation about the implications are offered, and suggestions for addressing the problem are presented.
1,4-Diphenyl-2,3-dithien-3-ylcyclopentadien-1-one

The title compound, C25H16OS2, (I), was synthesized via the alkali-catalysed condensation of 3,3′-thenil and 1,3-di­phenyl-2-propanone in absolute ethanol. Both 3-thienyl rings in (I) exhibit an 18.89% flip disorder. Thienyl-ring flip disorders are often observed with mol­ecules having unsubstituted terminal 3-thienyl rings [Crundwell et al. (2002). Acta Cryst. E58, o668–o670.
Hypertension-enhanced monocyte adhesion in experimental atherosclerosis

Purpose: Hypertension is a known clinical risk factor for atherosclerosis. In experimental atherosclerosis, monocyte adhesion to the endothelial surface is enhanced and is considered to be an important early stage in plaque formation. We tested the hypothesis that hypertension enhances monocyte adhesion in experimental atherosclerosis. Methods: Twenty-two New Zealand White rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 weeks to induce plaque formation. Aortic coarctation was created in eight rabbits by wrapping a Dacron band around the midportion of the descending thoracic aorta (stenosis group), whereas six rabbits underwent banding without aortic constriction (no stenosis group). Eight rabbits served as nonoperated controls. Monocyte binding to the aortic endothelial surface was counted with epifluorescent microscopy on standard aortic segments proximal and distal to the band. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the following antibodies: VCAM-1, RAM11, CD11b, and factor VIII. Results: Mean blood ressure was 89±3 mm Hg in the aorta proximal to the stenosis, compared with 64±4 mm Hg in the no stenosis group and 74±3 mm Hg in the control group ( p p p p p Conclusions: In the hypertensive region in the aorta proximal to the stenosis, monocyte adhesion and endothelial VCAM-1 expression were increased, with intimal thickening and accumulation of macrophages. These findings suggest that hypertension may promote atherosclerotic plaque formation by enhancing monocyte adhesion.
Unusual fracture surface morphology of fatigued carbon nanofiber/poly(ether ether ketone) composites

Abstract Carbon nanofiber/poly(ether ether ketone) composites were prepared in the laboratory via a solvent-based method at 260 °C using benzophenone. After fatigue testing, examination of the fracture surface shows unusual surface morphologies around the nanofibers that appear to be caused by the cyclic testing.
Rhenium and technetium bi- and tricarbonyl complexes in a new strategy for biomolecule incorporation using click chemistry.

A versatile strategy to prepare fac-[MI(CO)3]+ and cis-[MI(CO)2]+ (M = Re, 99mTc) complexes was developed using Huisgen click chemistry and monodentate phosphine ligands to readily incorporate biomolecules and tailor the chemical properties.
Copy number and haplotype variation at the VRN-A1 and central FR-A2 loci are associated with frost tolerance in hexaploid wheat.

The interaction between VRN - A1 and FR - A2 largely affect the frost tolerance of hexaploid wheat. Frost tolerance is critical for wheat survival during cold winters. Natural variation for this trait is mainly associated with allelic differences at the VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) and FROST RESISTANCE 2 (FR2) loci. VRN1 regulates the transition between vegetative and reproductive stages and FR2, a locus including several tandemly duplicated C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) transcription factors, regulates the expression of Cold-regulated genes. We identified sequence and copy number variation at these two loci among winter and spring wheat varieties and characterized their association with frost tolerance. We identified two FR-A2 haplotypes—‘FR-A2-S’ and ‘FR-A2-T’—distinguished by two insertion/deletions and ten single nucleotide polymorphisms within the CBF-A12 and CBF-A15 genes. Increased copy number of CBF-A14 was frequently associated with the FR-A2-T haplotype and with higher CBF14 transcript levels in response to cold. Factorial ANOVAs revealed significant interactions between VRN1 and FR-A2 for frost tolerance in both winter and spring panels suggesting a crosstalk between vernalization and cold acclimation pathways. The model including these two loci and their interaction explained 32.0 and 20.7 % of the variation in frost tolerance in the winter and spring panels, respectively. The interaction was validated in a winter wheat F 4:5 population segregating for both genes. Increased VRN-A1 copy number was associated with improved frost tolerance among varieties carrying the FR-A2-T allele but not among those carrying the FR-A2-S allele. These results suggest that selection of varieties carrying the FR-A2-T allele and three copies of the recessive vrn-A1 allele would be a good strategy to improve frost tolerance in wheat.
Personal Perspective of Aeroelasticity During the Years 1953- 1993

A brief review is given of the author’ s personal impressions of the development of aeroelasticity during the sixth to ninth decades of e ight. It is not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather a brief look at the e eld as the author saw it, from his own personal viewpoint as a worker in this area. It is limited to aircraft problems and does not embrace the parallel and large e eld of aeroelastic problems in helicopters. The e eld of aeroelasticity encompasses the interaction of aerodynamic, elastic, and inertia forces acting on a e ight vehicle. This was evident in the early days of e ight, even at low speeds, because aircraft structures were relatively e exible. As aircraft speeds increased and knowledge of aeroelasticity became more widespread, aircraft structures were made stiffer and were better designed to avoid these aeroelastic interaction problems. During World War II, with the advent of high speeds and slender-wing aircraft, a number of signie cant aeroelastic problems began to appear, ranging from loss of aileron power and control reversal, to wing and control surface e utter. The postwar period, with the emergence of highspeed jet transports with swept wings and engine nacelles, led to careful studies of the effects of aeroelasticity in the initial design of these aircraft. The basic approach to aeroelastic effects became centered around four general areas: 1) the development of effective analytic and numerical studies for e utter and aeroelasticity, 2) wind-tunnel testing of dynamically scaled wind tunnel models, 3) ground vibration tests to check the natural frequencies and stiffness properties of the actual aircraft, and 4) careful techniques for e ight testing the actual aircraft. By the mid-1950s, aeroelasticity had become recognized as an important part of the aircraft design process. An excellent historical review of developments in aeroelasticity up to this period, may be found by Garrick and Reed. 1 A seminal paper that marked the emergence of the e eld was given by Collar 2 in 1946. Another notable review emphasizing the British efforts in aeroelasticity up to this period was also given by Collar. 3
Hulton's Jibbali word-list from 1836

In 1836, a British naval surgeon named J.G. Hulton collected lexical data on the Jibbali language spoken on the Omani island of Al-Ḥallaniya (Khuriya Muriya). This is the earliest Jibbali data known to have been collected by a European, and remains today the only published data on the dialect of that island. Wolf Leslau analysed this data (BSOAS XII, 1947, pp. 5–19) but Hulton's valuable material can now be reconsidered thanks to recent advances in our understanding of Jibbali and the other Modern South Arabian languages.
H-SIMD machine: configurable parallel computing for matrix multiplication

FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays) are often used as coprocessors to boost the performance of data-intensive applications (Tessier and Burleson, 2001; Wirthlin et al., 1994) ). However, mapping algorithms onto multimillion-gate FPGAs is time consuming and remains a challenge in configurable system design. The communication overhead between the host workstation and the FPGAs is also significant. To address these problems, we propose in this paper the FPGA-based hierarchical-SIMD (H-SIMD) machine with its codesign of the hierarchical instruction set architecture (HISA). At each level, HISA instructions are classified into communication instructions or computation instructions. The former are executed by the local controller while the latter are issued to the lower level for execution. Additionally, by using a memory switching scheme and the high-level HISA set to partition the application into coarse-grain tasks, the host-FPGA communication overhead can be hidden. We enlist matrix multiplication (MM) to test the effectiveness of H-SIMD. The test results show sustained high performance.
Learning to “See” Less Than Nothing: Putting Perceptual Skills to Work for Learning Numerical Structure

How can children's natural perceptuo-motor skills be harnessed for teaching and learning mathematical structure? We address this question in the case of the integers. Existing research suggests that adult mental representations of integers recruit perceptuo-motor functionalities involving symmetry. Building on these findings, we designed a hands-on curriculum that emphasizes symmetry to teach integer concepts to fourth graders. Compared to two control conditions, children who went through the experimental curriculum showed evidence of incorporating symmetry into their mental representations of integers and performed higher on problems beyond the scope of instruction, including negative fractions and algebra-readiness problems. Gains did not come at the expense of basic integer computation skill. This study has direct practical implications, as current integers curricula generally omit symmetry. The research demonstrates an approach to designing instruction that involves identifying perceptuo-motor functio...
Reducing pessimism in RLC delay estimation using an accurate analytical frequency dependent model for inductance

The increasing demand for high performance ICs and system on chip necessitates reliable methodologies for reducing pessimism in chip design. In this paper, we investigate how the frequency dependence of loop self inductance affects the RLC delay. We show that the pessimism in the estimation of RLC propagation delay could be as high as 30% if the frequency dependence of inductance is not considered properly. As a means of efficiently computing less pessimistic RLC delay values, we present an analytical model of frequency dependent loop self inductance that can be applied to model a wide range of real design scenarios. We demonstrate that our approach is computationally efficient and produces accurate and realistic (less pessimistic) delay values that lead to significantly improved system performance.
Random Walk Models for Particle Diffusion in Free-Shear Flows

The main objectives were to establish and investigate discontinuous and continuous random walk models appropriate for free-shear e ows with regard to turbulent particle diffusion. The models were designed to capture the crossing trajectories effect, the continuity effect, and the inertial-limit effect, all for the case of heavy particles whose densities are much greater than that of the surrounding e uid. In addition, both techniques included an isotropic drift velocity to account for inhomogeneous turbulence. The computational efe ciency of the continuous random walk models is improved by utilizing local time stepping, which effectively e lters out high-frequency velocity e uctuations that do not have a signie cant ine uence on particle diffusion. The predictive performances of these two random walk models were examined through comparison with experimental data and idealized test conditions. The results indicate that both models agree well with experimental data for a nearly homogeneous turbulent wake and an inhomogeneous turbulent axisymmetric jet (although the continuous random walk model performs somewhat better for the inhomogeneous e ows ). It was also found that the proposed drift velocity models are important to ensure continuity when simulating particle diffusion with inhomogeneous turbulence.
Depression in the elderly

Summary In elderly people, depression mainly affects those with chronic medical illnesses and cognitive impairment, causes suffering, family disruption, and disability, worsens the outcomes of many medical illnesses, and increases mortality. Ageing-related and disease-related processes, including arteriosclerosis and inflammatory, endocrine, and immune changes compromise the integrity of frontostriatal pathways, the amygdala, and the hippocampus, and increase vulnerability to depression. Heredity factors might also play a part. Psychosocial adversity—economic impoverishment, disability, isolation, relocation, caregiving, and bereavement—contributes to physiological changes, further increasing susceptibility to depression or triggering depression in already vulnerable elderly individuals. Treatment with antidepressants is well tolerated by elderly people and is, overall, as effective as in young adults. Evidence-based guidelines for prevention of new episodes of depression are available as are care-delivery systems that increase the likelihood of diagnosis, and improve the treatment of, late-life depression. However, in North America at least, public insurance covers these services inadequately.
Patterns of Host Utilization by Two Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Eucalyptus Longhorned Borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

We studied the behavior and biology of the Austra- lian parasitoids Syngaster lepidus Brulleand Callibra- con limbatus (Brulle ´ ) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which are being introduced into California as biolog- ical control agents of the eucalyptus longhorned borer, Phoracantha semipunctata F. (Coleoptera: Ce- rambycidae). Studies conducted in Australia revealed that (1) female S. lepidus and C. limbatus actively searched the bark surface of eucalypt logs and appar- ently located their wood-boring hosts by substrate vi- bration or sound; (2) size of hosts selected for parasit- ism varied across parasitoid species and sexes—the largest hosts were parasitized by C. limbatus females, and the smaller hosts were parasitized by C. limbatus males, S. lepidus females, and S. lepidus males; (3) C. limbatus tended to dominate in logs that contained larger larvae, whereas S. lepidus were more abundant in logs with smaller larvae, suggesting that the two parasitoid species partition available host larvae; and (4) hosts of S. lepidus were under bark that was slightly thicker than that overlying hosts of C. lim- batus, and this relationship was consistent with the relatively longer ovipositor of S. lepidus. Further- more, (1) very thick bark (>17 mm) provided a refuge for borer larvae from both parasitoid species, (2) rates of parasitism averaged 27% across study sites and were inversely correlated with densities of host larvae in individual logs, and (3) rates of predation averaged only 6% and were positively correlated with abun- dance of host larvae in logs. © 2001 Academic Press
Relations between grain boundary character distribution, misorientation distribution and two-point orientation distribution

Abstract Relations are found between grain boundary character distribution, misorientation distribution and two-point orientation distribution. Some of these relations are analogies for polycrystals of the Debye–Anderson–Brumberger formula and Berryman formula established for two-phase composites.
Enhancing self-efficacy for career development in Facebook

The literature has two competing perspectives on Facebook: One claims positive effects of Facebook on individuals, while the other suggests detrimental effects. The contrasting perspectives are due to the technology-deterministic approach centering on Facebook "use" as opposed to non-use, neglecting the idiosyncrasies of members and the roles of their context. Accordingly, this study focuses on current college student members and enhancement of their self-efficacy for career development in Facebook, given college students' loyalty to Facebook and their increasing financial uncertainties in the US. We posit that Facebook provides two affordances (i.e., affordance of virtual people watching and affordance of garnering social support), which in turn increase chances of two important sources of self-efficacy-i.e., gaining vicarious experience and social persuasions. An online survey with 260 college student Facebook members was conducted; the results of data analyses corroborated our hypotheses. These findings identify the unique affordances of Facebook for self-efficacy development, thereby expanding the social cognitive theory by demonstrating that technology affordances translate into effective sources of self-efficacy. Facebook provides two affordances: virtual people-watching and social support.Virtual people-watching positively influences observational learning.Observational learning positively influences self-presentation.Self-presentation enhances students' career development self-efficacy (CDSE).Social support increases social relatedness, which in turn enhances CDSE.
Nonlinear attitude control of spacecraft with a large captured object

This paper presents an attitude control strategy and a new nonlinear tracking controller for a spacecraft carrying a large object, such as an asteroid or a boulder. If the captured object is larger or comparable in size to the spacecraft and has significant modeling uncertainties, conventional nonlinear control laws that use exact feedforward cancellation are not suitable because they exhibit a large resultant disturbance torque. The proposed nonlinear tracking control law guarantees global exponential convergence of tracking errors with finite-gain L_p stability in the presence of modeling uncertainties and disturbances, and it reduces the resultant disturbance torque. Furthermore, this control law permits the use of any attitude representation, and its integral control formulation eliminates any constant disturbance. Under small uncertainties, the best strategy for stabilizing the combined system is to track a fuel-optimal reference trajectory using this nonlinear control law because it consumes the least amount of fuel. In the presence of large uncertainties, the most effective strategy is to track the derivative plus proportional–derivative-based reference trajectory because it reduces the resultant disturbance torque. The effectiveness of the proposed attitude control methods is demonstrated by using results of numerical simulation based on an Asteroid Redirect Mission concept.
An Empirical Test of Eco-Certification Signaling in Services

Eco-certifications of services, which are voluntary environmental programs certifying sustainable features related to customer experience, are an area of emerging interest to operations management. Yet there is little consensus on how eco-certifications may influence customer experience and operational performance. Proponents argue that eco-certifications may enable customers to make informed decisions and promote sustainability through service co-production between the service providers and customers. But critics caution that eco-certifications may be abused for misleading customers and contribute to greenwashing. This paper aims to understand the effects of eco-certification signaling on customer green consumption and operational performance in contemporary service settings. We combine theories of signaling games and service co-production to generate hypotheses and test them using a sample of 3,200 properties in the U.S. hotel industry. The findings indicate that third party guaranteed and auditable eco-certifications relate positively to customer green consumption in service operations and may mitigate greenwashing as a result.
How Histories make Geographies

Cultural objects move with increasing speed across regional and national boundaries resulting in an ever faster, volatile traffic in commodities, styles and information. This essay explores the resulting global cultural flows and networks that develop in these accelerated circumstances, creating often worrisome dynamics on a global and local level. The aim is to prepare the grounds for a new methodology that considers “the circulation of forms and the forms of circulation.” Such a methodology, which is based on the argument that histories shape geographies and not vice versa, is needed for a fruitful discussion of the conflicts and connections between the various "scapes" and forces.
Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified

This chapter discusses pervasive developmental problems with special attention to autism and Asperger's syndrome and the significant but unexplained increases in pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). The chapter suggests that Asperger's syndrome is really high-level autism. Treatment options are summarized and a case of misdiagnosis is provided demonstrating that many conditions, normal and more serious, explain social awkwardness and many of the symptoms of Asperger's syndrome. Careful attention to the diagnostic indicators of PDD is recommended before a diagnosis is given. The term pervasive developmental disorders was first used in the 1980s to describe a class of disorders that have the following characteristics in common: Severe and pervasive impairments in social interaction, imaginative activity and verbal and nonverbal communication skills; and a limited number of interests and activities that tend to be repetitive. Five disorders are identified under the category of pervasive developmental disorders: (1) autistic disorder, (2) Rett's disorder, (3) childhood disintegrative disorder, (4) Asperger's syndrome, and (5) pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, or PDD-NOS. The two most common PDDs, autism and Asperger syndrome, are discussed in detail. Two less common PDSs and the category of PPD-not otherwise specified are also briefly discussed.
Malignant fatty tumors of the retroperitoneal region

Abstract 1. 1. Two cases of large lipomyxosarcoma of the retroperitoneal region are reported. 2. 2. These retroperitoneal tumors are relatively infrequent but not rare. 3. 3. The pathology and clinical features have been briefly reviewed. Of special importance is the chronicity of symptoms, and the relative slight loss of weight, as compared to patients with other types of neoplastic disease. 4. 4. Attention is directed toward the importance of determining renal function preoperatively, as in many instances nephrectomy is necessary at the time of operation to insure complete removal of the tumor. 5. 5. Complete surgical removal seems the only method of treatment. In our experience, postoperative radiation therapy apparently had no beneficial effect in the treatment of malignant fatty tumors in the retroperitoneal region.
The Effect of Post-Deuteration on Metastability in a-Si:H

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon films were deuterated through a sequence of 1 h exposures to a remote deuterium plasma at 350°C. The concentration profiles of hydrogen and deuterium were determined by SIMS at various times during the exposure sequence. The defect density in state A, after deuteration and after illumination with white light were determined using CPM measurements following each 1h exposure sequence. We find that post-deuteration does not alter the defect density in state A, change the Urbach edge, nor significantly alter metastable defect formation. Intense light soaking increases the defect density by about 5×1016cm−3 independent of the total H + D concentration. These results suggest that D always enters the sample in pairs pinning the hydrogen chemical potential which supports the idea of a negative U system for hydrogen and deuterium. Despite an increase of Si-H bonds by as much as 3×1021cm−3, the annealed dangling bond density and the weak Si-Si bond density did not change. This suggests that the density of weak Si-Si bonds as well as the dangling bond density is determined by equilibration with strong Si-Si bonds through the interchange of H. The implications of these results for H bonding will be discussed.
Current status of immunizations.

To use both old and new vaccines to the best advantage, the physician must be familiar with the current knowledge concerning immunization. For example, routine mumps vaccination is advised only in preadolescence, initial smallpox vaccination should be delayed until the age of 15 to 18 months, and pertussis vaccine should not be given after the age of six years. Although rubella vaccine is still advised at between one and 12 years, immunity appears to diminish, with a possible increase in susceptibility to the disease.
Incorporating Side Information in Tensor Completion

Matrix and tensor completion techniques have proven useful in many applications such as recommender systems, image/video restoration, and web search. We explore the idea of using external information in completing missing values in tensors. In this work, we present a framework that employs side information as kernel matrices for tensor factorization. We apply our framework to problems of recommender systems and video restoration and show that our framework effectively deals with the cold-start problem.
Application of LiDAR Technology in Power Line Selection

In view of the traditional power line selection method,comparison is made in this paper between the power line selection based on the photogrammetric workstation and the LiDAR line selection technology,and among the four flight platforms of the LiDAR system.It is concluded that the LiDAR technology can improve the intelligence level of the transmission line.With the successful development of LiDAR device miniaturization,unmanned helicopter will be the optimal flight platform for the LiDAR equipment.
Analysis of Trace Elements in Blood of 312 Children with Rachitis in Qingdao

Objective To investigate the relationship between trace elements and rachitis in children.Methods Three hundred and twelve patients with rachitis and 297 healthy children were selected for this study.Blood zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),plasma copper(Cu),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results The levels of Zn,Fe,Cu of rachitis in blood were significantly lower than those of healthy children,while the levels of Mg,Pb were higher.There were significant differences between 2 groups(P 0.01).Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between rachitis and the levels of Ca,Zn and Fe;but the positive correlation between rachitis and the levels of Mg,Pb((P)0.01).On correlational analysis of trace elements in blood,there were positive correlation between Ca and Zn,Fe,Zn and Fe.While there was negative correlation between Pb and Ca,Zn,Fe,Mg and Fe.The incidence of lead poison was 8.01% in children with rachitis.Conclusions The decrease of Ca,Zn,Fe and the increase of Mg,Pb were related to rachitis.The supplement of Zn,Fe and the interference of lead poison will be important in prevention and treatment of rachitis in children.
Redesigning the surgical teaching of fourth-year medical students to meet the training needs of generalists.

Abstract The fourth year of the medical student curriculum remains of questionable educational value at most medical schools. The training needs of generalists include the acquisition of knowledge and skills in broad areas of general surgery and the surgical subspecialties. By appropriately tailoring the educational objectives to the learning needs of individual students and implementing teaching models based on principles of adult education, a special surgical experience may be provided to each fourth‐year medical student, building on the previously acquired knowledge and skills. Rotations may be offered in a number of surgical disciplines, with heavy emphasis on teaching in the ambulatory setting. One such model was recently implemented at The Medical College of Pennsylvania. Advantages of this type of program include support of the training of generalists using contemporary teaching strategies and provision of a meaningful educational experience to medical students during the fourth year.
Delayed Hypoxemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury Exacerbates White Matter Injury.

Hypoxemia immediately following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been observed to exacerbate injury. However, it remains unclear whether delayed hypoxemia beyond the immediate postinjury period influences white matter injury. In a retrospective clinical cohort of children aged 4–16 years admitted with severe TBI, 28/74 (35%) patients were found to experience delayed normocarbic hypoxemia within 7 days of admission. Based on these clinical findings, we developed a clinically relevant mouse model of TBI with delayed hypoxemia by exposing 5-week old (adolescent) mice to hypoxic conditions for 30 minutes starting 24 hours after moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI). Injured mice with hypoxemia had increased axonal injury using both β-amyloid precursor protein and NF200 immunostaining in peri-contusional white matter compared with CCI alone. Furthermore, we detected increased peri-contusional white matter tissue hypoxia with pimonidazole and augmented astrogliosis with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in CCI + delayed hypoxemia compared with CCI alone or sham surgery + delayed hypoxemia. Microglial activation as evidenced by Iba1 staining was not significantly altered by delayed hypoxemia. These clinical and experimental data indicate the prevention or amelioration of delayed hypoxemia effects following TBI may provide a unique opportunity for the development of therapeutic interventions to reduce axonal injury and improve clinical outcomes.
The genetic features of drug resistance to group A streptococcus and macrolides antibiotics among pediatric patients in Beijing 2012

Objective To investigate the genetic features of drug resistance to group A streptococcus(GAS) and macrolides antibiotics among pediatric patients in Beijing 2012.Methods A total of 199 strains of GAS were collected from 36 hospitals in Beijing between May and July,2012.All strains were isolated from oropharyngeal swabs.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ten antibiotics (penicillin,ampicillin,erythromycin,clindamycin,tetracycline,levofloxacin,tigecycline,vancomycin,linezolid and streptogramin) were detected by VITEK-2 compact with GPS-67 test kit.The genes encoding macrolides resistance (ermA,ermB and mefA) were amplified and tested by PCR.The macrolides resistant phenotype of group A streptococcus was detected by double disc test (D-test).Results Among 199 strains of GAS collected in this study,101 (50.8％) were from suburbs and the other 98(49.2％) were from urban areas.111 (55.8％) strains were collected from scarlet fever patients while the other 88(44.2％) were from oropharyngeal infection cases.All the strains were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin,and the percentage of resistance to erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline were 96.5％ (192/199),95.5％ (190/199) and 92.0％ (183/199),respectively.All strains were susceptible to levofloxacin,tigecycline,vancomycin,linezolid and streptogramin.The ratesof resistance to erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline were different in different districts,however,the difference in it between ages and clinical diagnosis did not show statistical significance(P ＞0.05).The detected rate of drug resistance gene ermB was 98.5％ (196/199).The gene ermA was only detected out in 5 strains and the gene mefA was not detected out.199 strains showed A macrolides resistant phenotype cMLS,while the phenotype iMLS was not found in this study.Conclusion This study demonstrates the high level of clindamycin resistance in group A streptococcus collected from children in Beijing,2012.The macrolides resistance of group A streptococcus was highly prevalent in Beijing,and the dominant phenotype was cMLS mediated by gene ermB. Key words: Streptococcal infections; Anti-bacterial agents; Genotype; Children
Dynamic Resource Management in High Throughput Satellite with Multi Port Amplifier MPA

The demand for data capacity has been growing, especially in the aviation and maritime industries and is expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. The satellite industry is moving to High Throughput Satellite HTS that are characterized by large numbers of small spot beams, frequency reuse, higher Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power EIRP and higher Gain to Noise Temperature G/T to meet growing capacity demand. Multi-Port Amplifiers MPA increase the flexibility of HTS systems by allowing capacity to be allocated dynamically based on changing demand. This will allow capacity requirements to be planned based on the sum of the requirements across all beams rather than the peaks in each HTS beam. The authors propose a ground based solution that will maximize resource utilization of an HTS with an MPA and deliver the capacity dynamically based on demand. Maritime, commercial aviation, satellite based cellular backhaul, and disaster recovery services are the main applications that can benefit from the solution they propose. The authors' results show significant reduction in the overall capacity requirements because of the more efficient utilization of the satellite resources.
Commitment to Social Justice and its Influence on Job Satisfaction and Retention of Nonprofit Middle Managers

Unlike the corporate sector, where resources to support job satisfaction are available, many nonprofits experience challenges retaining qualified management staff. A better understanding of how to maintain job satisfaction is important to increase tenure of qualified managers. The goal of this study was to explore how social justice orientation and organizational commitment influence job satisfaction and intention to leave nonprofit agencies. A sample of 107 middle managers were recruited from New York City settlement house organizations via email invitation to participate in an online cross-sectional survey. Study aims sought to measure whether middle manager’s orientation to social justice was associated with (1) job satisfaction, intention to stay with the agency and (2) if these associations were mediated by their commitment to their agency. Findings suggest that organizational commitment plays a critical role in the relationship between social justice, job satisfaction and intention to stay. ...
Characterization of the Transport System for Benzomorphans in Leukocytes

The biological transport of pentazocine in leukocytes displayed characteristics of an active, carrier-mediated process. Within 5 min the uptake reached cellular equilibrium levels several fold higher than those in the medium. The transport process followed simple saturation kinetics, with an apparent K m of 40 µM and V max of 100 nmoles/g of cells 5 sec. The uptake was sodium-independent. At decreased temperatures and in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, the transport of pentazocine was subject to noncompetitive inhibition. For temperatures between 0° and 37° the V max for uptake had a Q 10 of 1.88. Poisons of glycolysis were more effective in blocking drug uptake than were inhibitors of aerobic energy production, and oxygen deprivation did not affect the transport process. The rate of transport of pentazocine into leukocytes decreased linearly with the fall in cellular ATP content. Uptake of pentazocine in cells depleted of ATP amounted to one-fifth of the uptake in control cells and was equal to that in cells previously treated by heating or freezing. Efflux of the drug from leukocytes was rapid and sensitive to temperature. Exodux appeared to be the result of two first-order processes with greatly different rate constants. Only the higher of these rate constants was affected by temperature, and displayed a Q 10 of 1.86. Both uptake and exodus exhibited the phenomenon of countertransport, showing transacceleration. Uptake of pentazocine and inhibition of this process at various pH values indicated that the drug was transported when it bore no net charge. Benzomorphan analogues and amines of wide structural variety, excluding quaternary amines or those with acidic character, competitively inhibited the uptake of pentazocine. Additional structural requirements in the uptake process have been elucidated. On the basis of its characteristics, the transport system for benzomorphans in leukocytes represents a novel process for the cellular uptake of amines.
Kinetic Fractionation of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes by Diffusion and Crystal Growth Reactions

Natural variations in the isotopic composition of some 50 chemical elements are now being used in geochemistry for studying transport processes, estimating temperature, reconstructing ocean chemistry, identifying biological signatures, and classifying planets and meteorites. Within the past decade, there has been growing interest in measuring isotopic variations in a wider variety of elements, and improved techniques make it possible to measure very small effects. Many of the observations have raised questions concerning when and where the attainment of equilibrium is a valid assumption. In situations where the distribution of isotopes within and among phases is not representative of the equilibrium distribution, the isotopic compositions can be used to access information on mechanisms of chemical reactions and rates of geological processes. In a general sense, the fractionation of stable isotopes between any two phases, or between any two compounds within a phase, can be ascribed to some combination of the mass dependence of thermodynamic (equilibrium) partition coefficients, the mass dependence of diffusion coefficients, and the mass dependence of reaction rate constants. Many documentations of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs), and their practical applications, are described in this volume and are therefore not reviewed here. Instead, the focus of this chapter is on the measurement and interpretation of mass dependent diffusivities and reactivities, and how these parameters are implemented in models of crystal growth within a fluid phase. There are, of course, processes aside from crystal growth that give rise to KIEs among non-traditional isotopes, such as evaporation (Young et al. 2002; Knight et al. 2009; Richter et al. 2009a), vapor exsolution (Aubaud et al. 2004), thermal diffusion (Richter et al. 2009a, 2014b; Huang et al. 2010; Dominguez et al. 2011), mineral dissolution (e.g., Brantley et al. 2004; Wall et al. 2011; Pearce et al. 2012 …
Generation of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Quadruple Knockout Mice

Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) is an important antioxidant enzyme, but the mechanism by which it protects has not been elucidated nor have the in vivo substrates been identified. The mammalian Msr family has four members: MsrA, MsrB1, MsrB2, and MsrB3. Single knockouts of MsrA, MsrB1, and MsrB3 have been constructed, as well as a double knockout of MsrA and MsrB1. MsrA has been implicated in the aging process, MsrB1can act as a regulator of actin polymerization, and MsrB3 knockout mice are deaf. Except for deafness in the MsrB3 knockout, phenotypic changes are relatively subtle, perhaps due to redundancy of function among the Msr family members. The goal of this study is to generate a mouse strain with deletion of all four Msr proteins, providing a tool for further study of the function of the Msr family. We have previously generated the double knockout, MsrA-/-MsrB1-/-. Starting with this double knockout, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to also knockout MsrB2 and MsrB3, thus generating the quadruple knockout. CRISPR targeting sites were selected within the first coding exon of the MsrB2 and MsrB3 genes. To increase the targeting efficiency, two independent sgRNAs targeting the same gene were constructed. Together with Cas9 mRNA, four sgRNAs were co-injected into zygotes collected from MsrA-/-MsrB1-/-mice. The embryos were transferred into pseudopregnant females, and pups carrying the mutant allele were identified by DNA sequencing. Deletion was confirmed by Western blotting of heart and liver. The quadruple knockout mouse is viable, and thus far, at age 5 months, growth and development appear normal. We have initiated additional phenotyping studies, including evaluation of responses to oxidative stress.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of heat stress-induced up-regulation of occludin protein expression: regulatory role of heat shock factor-1.

The heat stress (HS)-induced increase in occludin protein expression has been postulated to be a protective response against HS-induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cellular and molecular processes that mediate the HS-induced up-regulation of occludin expression in Caco-2 cells. Exposure to HS (39°C or 41°C) resulted in increased expression of occludin protein; this was preceded by an increase in occludin mRNA transcription and promoter activity. HS-induced activation of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) resulted in cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of HSF-1 and binding to its binding motif in the occludin promoter region. HSF-1 activation was associated with an increase in occludin promoter activity, mRNA transcription, and protein expression; which were abolished by the HSF-1 inhibitor quercetin. Targeted HSF-1 knock-down by siRNA transfection inhibited the HSF-1-induced increase in occulin expression and junctional localization of occulin protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of the HSF-1 binding motif in the occludin promoter region inhibited HS-induced binding of HSF-1 to the occludin promoter region and subsequent promoter activity. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that the HS-induced increase in occludin protein expression is mediated by HSF-1 activation and subsequent binding of HSF-1 to the occludin promoter, which initiates a series of molecular and cellular events culminating in increased junctional localization of occludin protein.
ℓ and j Mixing in 25Mg(,p)26Mg

Cross section σ and vector analyzing power iT11 were measured for the reaction 25Mg(,p)26Mg at Ed = 10 MeV using the University of Wisconsin Lamb shift polarized ion source and EN tandem. The target was 1 mg/cm2 thick and enriched to 99.2% 25Mg. Beam polarization was continuously monitored by a 4He polarimeter at the back of the scattering chamber. Cross section normalization was obtained by monitoring elastic scattering at ±13.1°. Particle identification with an online computer was used to eliminate background from other reactions. The experimental resolution was 50–70 keV FWHM. States in 26Mg up to 6 MeV excitation were observed over the angular range 15° to 160°.