cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and work-related correlates of reported sexual harassment: An empirical investigation of competing hypotheses

This study investigated antecedents and work-related correlates of reported sexual harassment by 365 primarily Caucasian women in male-typed, female-typed, and gender-integrated occupations. Two competing hypotheses on the antecedents of sexual harassment were tested. No support was found for the “contact hypothesis,” which holds that harassment is related to contact with the opposite gender. Partial support was found for the “sex role spillover” model, which holds that harassment is due to the transfer of gender roles to the workplace. No significant differences in reports of sexual harassment were found between women in male-typed, female-typed, and gender-integrated occupations. Within male-typed occupations, blue-collar women reported greater harassment than white-collar women, but were less likely to display assertive reactions to harassment. Investigation of work-related outcomes revealed that sexual harassment was positively related to reports of gender discrimination in promotion and employment practices, and had a negative impact on job satisfaction, particularly among blue-collar women. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed and a revision of the sex role spillover model is presented.
Cancer drug discovery by repurposing: teaching new tricks to old dogs

Progressively increasing failure rates, high cost, poor bioavailability, poor safety, limited efficacy, and a lengthy design and testing process associated with cancer drug development have necessitated alternative approaches to drug discovery. Exploring established non-cancer drugs for anticancer activity provides an opportunity rapidly to advance therapeutic strategies into clinical trials. The impetus for development of cancer therapeutics from non-cancer drugs stems from the fact that different diseases share common molecular pathways and targets in the cell. Common molecular origins of diverse diseases have been discovered through advancements in genomics, proteomics, and informatics technologies, as well as through the development of analytical tools that allow researchers simultaneously to screen large numbers of existing drugs against a particular disease target. Thus, drugs originally identified as antitussive, sedative, analgesic, antipyretic, antiarthritic, anesthetic, antidiabetic, muscle relaxant, immunosuppressant, antibiotic, antiepileptic, cardioprotective, antihypertensive, erectile function enhancing, or angina relieving are being repurposed for cancer. This review describes the repurposing of these drugs for cancer treatment.
Survey of patient and clinician attitudes on adherence in a rural HIV clinic.

Adherence is critical to the success of antiretroviral therapy, with near perfect medication taking required for optimal results. Many factors may affect a patient's ability to adhere to antiretroviral therapy, including complexity of the regimen and adverse effects from medications. Previous research showed that some disparity may exist between clinicians'and patients' attitudes regarding characteristics of a regimen that are likely to affect adherence. The present survey was conducted in a rural HIV clinic and confirmed that similar differences were present in clinician and patient perceptions of adherence barriers. The patient population noted side effects and complexity of schedule as most likely to affect adherence, illustrating the need for thorough discussion of new regimens and involvement of the patient in treatment decisions.
Vaccine therapy in NSCLC: a review

SUMMARY Approximately 200,000 people will develop lung cancer in the USA this year. Roughly 85% of those will die of their disease. Standard chemotherapeutic agents have modestly prolonged survival in this population. The discovery of activating mutations, and their inhibitors has had a more significant impact, but this is limited to the small percentage of the population that harbor the currently known mutations with approved therapeutics. Recent advances in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA4 or PD1 have reinvigorated the interest in immunotherapy. In this review, we will analyze the most significant findings in the field of lung cancer vaccines, and will focus on the different methods of immune activation that attempt to induce a tumor specific response.
How Lucy Snowe Became an Amnesiac

Abstract This essay is an attempt to refute the thesis of Nicholas Dames's book of 2001, Amnesiac Selves: Nostalgia, Forgetting, and British Fiction, 1810–1870, as it applies to Charlotte Bronte's Villette. Dames sees Lucy Snowe, the long-suffering narrator of the novel, as the victim — or the perpetrator — of an extreme case of amnesia that constitutes 'the death of memory'. I argue that Dames's thesis involves a misreading of the role of memory in Charlotte Bronte's novel, a novel that, perhaps more than any other Victorian novel, is about long-term memory in all its detail and painfulness. I further argue that Dames's error is partially motivated by an over-emphasis on his part of the role of phrenology in Villette.
STABILITY STUDIES WITH AMPHOTERICIN B AND AMPHOTERICIN B METHYL ESTER

In solid form, amphotericin B and amphotericin B methyl ester free base exhibit similar stability. Acid salts of the methyl ester derivative stored under identical conditions are less stable. In solution, amphotericin B is generally more stable than its methy ester salts. However, when pH is adjusted to 6.0 and storage temperature held at 5 degrees C the methyl ester salts reflect the stability exhibited by the parent compound, amphotericin B.
Revision of the genus Phytodromus Muma (Acari:Phytoseiidae)

Abstract Phytodromus was proposed by Muma (1961) for Amblyseius leucophaeus Athias-Henriot. This genus is revised, Phytodromus allenrolfius Denmark n. sp. described and the following species redescribed and transferred from Amblyseius to Phytodromus: P. dodonaeae (Schicha), P. harveyi (McMurtry and Schicha), P. queenslandensis (McMurtry and Schicha), P. sinaiticum (Amitai and Swirski), P. houstoni (Schicha), and P. cataractus (Ueckermann and Loots). A key to species is provided.
Functional hyperemia is reduced in skeletal muscle of aged rats.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that active hyperemia is reduced in skeletal muscle of old rats due to a decreased bioavailability of prostanoids, which in turn is due to increased oxidative stress.Methods: The microvasculature of the spinotrapezius muscle of 3-, 12-, and 24-month male Sprague-Dawley rats was examined using in vivo videomicroscopy. Arteriolar diameter and centerline red cell velocity were measured in resting and contracting muscle. The effect of prostanoids was examined using indomethacin (10 μ M), and passive resting arteriolar diameters were determined using adenosine (100 μ M). Lipid peroxidation was assessed ex vivo by measuring tissue levels of malondialdehyde.Results: Arteriolar diameters and blood flow in resting muscle did not differ among the age groups, but increases in diameter and flow during muscle contraction in young rats were greater than in the two older age groups. Indomethacin did not affect resting arteriolar diameters and blood flow in 3- and 12-month rats, but sign...
Content-based retrieval in hybrid peer-to-peer networks

Hybrid peer-to-peer architectures use special nodes to provide directory services for regions of the network ("regional directory services"). Hybrid peer-to-peer architectures are a potentially powerful model for developing large-scale networks of complex digital libraries, but peer-to-peer networks have so far tended to use very simple methods of resource selection and document retrieval. In this paper, we study the application of content-based resource selection and document retrieval to hybrid peer-to-peer networks. The directory nodes that provide regional directory services construct and use the content models of neighboring nodes to determine how to route query messages through the network. The leaf nodes that provide information use content-based retrieval to decide which documents to retrieve for queries. The experimental results demonstrate that using content-based retrieval in hybrid peer-to-peer networks is both more accurate and more efficient for some digital library environments than more common alternatives such as Gnutella 0.6.
Documents as Data, Data as Documents: What we learned about Semi-Structured Information for our Open World of Cloud & Devices

Many of us always believed in a unique vision unifying documents and data through semantically-rich semi-structured information. This vision is even more critical today in our open interconnected world of Clouds and Devices. The last 20 years represents a real-life worldwide experiment in this area that fueled a massive set of market applications. In this talk, we review the history and trends of a lot of what is enabling today's core interchanges on the internet: from initial research adding document user interfaces to data, to the specification of structured documents, to the generalization of document markup techniques to the wide acceptance of document databases. We will also review our share of historical acronyms such as 'Star', 'Grif', 'OpenDoc', 'WorldWideWeb/Nexus', 'Amaya', 'InfoPath' 'HTML', 'SGML', 'XML', 'JSON', 'YAML', 'Markdown', 'Schema', 'Semantics','MongoDB', 'Hadoop', 'DocumentDB' and many others. We will then turn, cautiously and humbly, to the future and try to guess: what would the world need? And what do we need to think about to make it happen? We truly believe in the potential of the open Internet. We see pieces of information (that we once called "Diamonds of the Internet"), being created, shared, re-shaped, re-routed, modified by users or tiny small devices, understood through big data and machine learning, and processed by cloud services. We see the potential of fundamentally designing open platforms connected worldwide. By bridging technologies, we create higher level abstractions and thus more complex organisms (software) that can help everyone. But at the core remains the need for semi-structured open information fundamentally unifying documents and data.
Measurement and Modeling of MEMS

Advances in MEMS, also called microsystems, require the use of computational modeling and simulation with physical measurements, i.e., measurements and modeling (M&M) approach is needed. We believe that successful combination of computer aided design (CAD) and multiphysics/multiscale simulation tools with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) measurement methodology will contribute to reduction of high prototyping costs, minimization of long product development cycles as well as time-to-market pressures while developing MEMS for various applications. In our approach we combine a unique, fully integrated, software environment for multiscale, multiphysics, high fidelity analyses of MEMS with the SOTA optoelectronic laser interferometric microscope (OELIM) methodology. The OELIM methodology allows remote, noninvasive, full-field-of-view measurements of deformations with very high spatial resolution, nanometer accuracy, and in near real-time. In this paper, both, the software environment and the OELIM methodology are described and their applications are illustrated with representative results demonstrating viability of the M&M approach to the development of MEMS. These preliminary results demonstrate capability of the M&M approach to quantitatively determine effects that static and dynamic loads have on the performance of MEMS.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Linseed oil and animal fat as alternative lipid sources in dry diets for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Abstract Chinook salmon fingerlings (0.7 g) were fed experimental dry diets containing various levels of salmon oil, linseed oil and animal fat. The dietary levels of the fats were adjusted so that the essential fatty acid needs of the fish were met, but the source and the chain length varied with diet. No significant differences in final weight of the fish fed the experimental diets were observed after sixteen weeks of feeding. Moisture, protein, and lipid contents of the fish at the end of the experiment were the same. Analysis of the levels of fatty acids in the tissues of the fish showed that the fish maintain a constant level of saturated fatty acids regardless of the amount in the diet. The fatty acid composition of the neutral lipids generally reflected the fatty acid composition of the diets whereas the polar lipids selected for the more unsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 series. Dietary linolenic acid (C18 : 3ω3) was not deposited in the body lipids as such but was apparently converted to docosahexaenoic acid (C22 : 6ω3).
Sound Propagation in 3He-4He Mixtures Near the Superfluid Transition*

Measurements of the acoustic attenuation and dispersion in liquid /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He mixtures near the superfluid transition T/sub lambda/(X) are reported. The frequency range is ..omega../2..pi..=1-45 MHz and the /sup 3/He mole fraction X of the mistures is 0.007, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.36. Comparisons are made with the measurements of Buchal and Pobell for similar mixtures obtained in the kHz region, and on the whole, the consistency between the two experiments is very satisfactory. An analysis is then performed using both the kHz and MHz data. In the normal phase, where the energy both the kHz and MHz data. In the normal phase, where the energy dissipation is caused by order parameter fluctuations having a lifetime tau/sub F/, the attenuation data can all be scaled according to the expression ..cap alpha..=..cap alpha.. (T/sub lambda/) f (..omega..tau). Here ..cap alpha.. (Tlambda) proportional..omega../sup 1(y/, with y being a function of the mole fraction X and tau/sub F/proportional (T-Tlambda)/sup -x/, with x increasing weakly with X. In the superfluid phase, we attempt a similar scaling representation, which is found to be fairly successful, but where x (T-T/sub lambda/) is roughly 15% larger than x (T>T/sub lambda/). In the superfluid phase we also analyzemore » the attenuation data, assuming the additivity of relaxation and fluctuation-dissipation mechanism, and discuss the relaxation times so derived. In contrast to the attenuation, the dispersion data cannot be brought satisfactorily into a scaling representation. However, at T/sub lambda/, we find U (..omega..)-U (0) proportional..omega../sup y/ as predicted by Kawasaki, where y is in good agreement with the values from attenuation experiments.« less
Impulse noise detection and removal using multiple weighted median filters

Median filtering has been an effective way for reducing noise of the impulsive kind in images. Yet, the inherent problem with median filters is that their performance may be limited if images are corrupted by a significant amount of noise. In such cases, large median filters may have to be considered, resulting in the removal of fine image details. In order to alleviate this problem, several techniques have been developed and presented in the literature with the purpose of detecting the locations of noisy pixels and applying median filters only at those locations. As a result, image pixels not associated to noise remain unaffected. In the recent past, a method in which noisy pixels were identified based on the information extracted from four directional pixel neighborhoods was proposed. The technique used four directional weighted median filters for processing the detected noisy pixels. It was shown that by considering different directional neighborhoods around each pixel, the fine details of the image, such as thin lines, were preserved, even after filtering was applied. This paper investigates an extension to the previous technique that uses local pixel neighborhoods, in addition to directional ones, which cover a wider spectrum of shapes. The objective of this modification is to increase the possibility of identifying at least one neighborhood which does not cross over fine image details. Comparisons between the original and the proposed method suggest that considering a larger variety of pixel neighborhood shapes is beneficial for impulsive noise detection and removal.
Time-correlated neurosecretory changes in the house fly, Musca domestica L.

Abstract The neurosecretory material (NS) secreted by the medial neurosecretory cells (MNC) of the brain of the house fly, increases rapidly from a minimum to a peak level, from emergence to approximately 48 hours of adult age. This peak level persists through advanced old age. Ingestion of milk by the female releases the NS into the axons, which hormone release occurs just prior to the initiation of vitellogenesis. The availability of oviposition sites stimulates the female to lay eggs up to 45 days of age; in contrast to the male house fly, this is accompanied in the female by the persistence of NS in the axons of the MNC at that late date as well. This and other evidence indicates that the NS is either directly or indirectly involved (probably via the corpus allatum) with the regulation of protein and carbohydrate metabolism and, concomitantly, with the rate of aging of female house flies, in relation to their oviposition capacity and life span.
Effect of prostaglandin I2 on ovine maternal and fetal adrenal blood flows.

SummaryFetal (n = 6) and maternal (n = 7) adrenal blood flows were measured with radioactive microspheres in chronically catheterized sheep, before and 90 sec after the injection of prostaglandin I2. Adrenal vascular resistance is defined as the mean arterial pressure (maternal) or arteriovenous pressure difference (fetal) divided by the adrenal blood flow. Both the mother and the fetus responded with a decrease in blood pressure from 103 ± 5.4 to 64 ± 5.7 mm Hg and 39.0 ± 1.2 to 28.0 ± 1.8 mm Hg, respectively. Adrenal vascular resistance per gram also decreased in the mother from 72.00 ± 6.65 to 52.60 ± 6.62 mm Hg/(ml/min)/g and in the fetus from 11.8 ± 1.0 to 6.1 ± 1.6 mm Hg/(ml/min)/g. Prostaglandin I2 did not significantly change the flow per gram to the maternal adrenals. The fetal adrenal flow per gram doubled in response to prostaglandin I2. As the doses of prostaglandin I2 are dissimilar the magnitude of the changes cannot be compared. However, prostaglandin I2 caused vasodilatation in both the ma...
The relationship between psychology students’ levels of perfectionism and achievement in a graduate-level research methodology course

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between three dimensions of perfectionism (i.e., self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism) and achievement in a graduate-level research methodology course among 130 psychology students. Achievement, which involved students’ knowledge of research concepts, methodologies, and applications, was measured individually in all sections via comprehensive written midterm and final examinations. A canonical correlation analysis revealed that graduate students with relatively high levels of self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism tended to have the highest levels of achievement in the class, with socially prescribed perfectionism serving as a suppressor variable. Self-oriented perfectionism was the best predictor of performance, highlighting the relative importance of this dimension of perfectionism in the context of learning in research methodology courses. Implications are discussed.
Effects of reduced energy intake on the biology of aging: the primate model

Dietary energy restriction is the only proven method for extending lifespan and slowing aging in mammals, while maintaining health and vitality. Although the first experiments in this area were conducted over 60 y ago in rodents, possible applicability to primates has only been examined in controlled studies since 1987. Our project at the National Institute on Aging began with 3-0 male rhesus and 30 male squirrel monkeys of various ages over their respective life spans. Subsequently, it has been expanded to include female rhesus monkeys, and several other laboratories have initiated related studies. Experimental animals are generally fed 30% less than controls, and diets are supplemented with micronutrients to achieve undernutrition without malnutrition. These calorically restricted (CR) monkeys are lighter, with less fat and lean mass than controls. Bone mass is also slightly reduced, but in approximate proportion to the smaller body size. CR animals mature more slowly and achieve shorter stature than controls as well. Metabolically, CR monkeys have slightly lower body temperature and initial energy expenditure following onset of restriction, and better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The latter suggest a reduced predisposition towards diabetes as the animals age. Other potential anti-disease effects include biomarkers suggestive of lessened risk of cardiovascular disease and possibly cancer. Candidate biomarkers of aging, including the age-related decrease in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), suggest that the CR animals may be aging more slowly than controls in some respects, although sufficient survival data will require more time to accumulate. In summary, nearly all CR effects detected in rodents, which have thus far been examined in primates, exhibit similar phenomenology. Potential applicability of these beneficial effects to humans is discussed.
Motion of an aerosol particle in an unsteady temperature gradient

Abstract The response of a spherical particle subject to an unsteady temperature gradient is obtained. The analysis is applicable to flow in the continuum—slip regime, and the results reduce to those of Brock when the steady state is achieved. The relaxation time is found to be significant in the thermal precipitation of large particles.
Lp-Lq estimates off the line of duality

Theorems 1 and 2 are known results concerning Lp–Lq estimates for certain operators wherein the point (1/p, 1/q) lies on the line of duality 1/p + 1/q = 1. In Theorems 1′ and 2′ we show that with mild additional hypotheses it is possible to prove Lp-Lq estimates for indices (1/p, 1/q) off the line of duality. Applications to Bochner-Riesz means of negative order and uniform Sobolev inequalities are given.
Quality assurance algorithm for NASA scatterometer wind retrieval

The recently launched NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) estimates the wind speed and direction of near-surface ocean wind. Several possible wind vectors are identified for that location of the earth known as a cell. Typically, the speeds of the possible wind vectors are the same, but the directions are very different. The correct wind must be distinguished from these in a step called ambiguity removal. Unfortunately, ambiguity removal algorithms are subject to error. Because the true wind is not known, where these errors occur is difficult to determine, and there is little information about how to detect the errors in this removal step. One method we have developed to assess the accuracy of the ambiguity removal algorithm is to compare the point-wise retrieved wind to wind retrieved using a model. The model is fit to the point-wise retrieved wind to determine if the observed wind is realistic or containing possible ambiguity removal errors The algorithms' performance achieves its goal to identify at least 95 percent of the regions that contain errors. The algorithm provides a very simple tool to indicate regions of possible ambiguity removal errors in the point-wise retrieved winds for NSCAT data. This paper describes this algorithm and its performance for real NSCAT data. It also outlines an algorithm to correct some of the errors. This is done by either choosing the alias closest to the model-fit or by simply replacing the erroneous wind vectors with those produced by the model-fit.
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles by the Plague Pathogen Yersinia pestis

Many Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during cell growth and division, and some bacterial pathogens deliver virulence factors to the host via the release of OMVs during infection. Here we show that Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the disease plague, produces and releases native OMVs under physiological conditions. These OMVs, approximately 100 nm in diameter, contain multiple virulence-associated outer membrane proteins including the adhesin Ail, the F1 outer fimbrial antigen, and the protease Pla. We found that OMVs released by Y. pestis contain catalytically active Pla that is competent for plasminogen activation and α2-antiplasmin degradation. The abundance of OMV-associated proteins released by Y. pestis is significantly elevated at 37°C compared to 26°C and is increased in response to membrane stress and mutations in RseA, Hfq, and the major Braun lipoprotein (Lpp). In addition, we show that Y. pestis OMVs are able to bind to components of the extracellular matrix such as fibronectin and laminin. These data suggest that Y. pestis may produce OMVs during mammalian infection and we propose that dispersal of Pla via OMV release may influence the outcome of infection through interactions with Pla substrates such as plasminogen and Fas ligand.
Independent Origins of Aquatic Eupatorieae (Asteraceae)

Abstract Plants that have adapted to grow as submersed aquatics are relatively rare among angiosperms, yet they represent a convergent strategy that has evolved in many groups. Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae include a number of obligate wetland species, but only three genera (Gymnocoronis, Sclerolepis, and Shinnersia) routinely grow submersed. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of Eupatorieae to assess the relationships among aquatic genera and to infer the evolutionary history of the submersed aquatic habit. Two major clades were identified in Eupatorieae, corresponding to base chromosome numbers of x = 10 or fewer, and x = 11 or greater. We determined that submersed aquatics evolved independently in two subtribes, Adenostemmatinae (Gymnocoronis; x = 10) and Trichocoroninae (Sclerolepis and Shinnersia; x = 15), each belonging to a separate major clade, and that the aquatic lineages evolved in allopatry. Sparse taxon sampling precluded a firm assessment of ancestral states, although two widespread ...
Diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in various fields of science. It has been successfully utilized to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the molecular compositions of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples. This review focuses on the diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy in the past 5 years, with specific emphasis on transplant allograft rejection and cancer detections. First we introduce the principle of Raman spectroscopy and associated surface enhancement techniques. Various recent biomedical and clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy are then reviewed in detail. Finally, we present the experimental and analytical techniques required to implement Raman spectroscopy in a laboratory. From the Clinical Editor This review focuses on evolving diagnostic applications of Raman spectroscopy with special emphasis on transplant allograft rejection and cancer detection.
Stability and change in generative concern: Evidence from a longitudinal survey

Longitudinal data taken at a ten-year interval from a large, nationally representative sample were used to examine stability and change in generative concern, as measured by a reduced form of the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS). Rank-order stability over a ten year period was high (r > .6) among those respondents 30 or older at the time of first measurement. Mean scores on the LGS increased for men aged 24–29 and decreased for men and women aged 60–69, but the size of these changes was small. First marriage and childbearing were not associated with an increase in LGS scores. The evidence suggests both life-long stability and a small mid-life peak in generative concern.
Panoramic radiographic examination of patients who are edentulous.

Summary Panoramic radiographs of 289 patients who were edentulous were investigated for: root fragments, impacted teeth, radio-paque areas, radiolucent areas, foreign bodies, maxillary sinus changes, TMJ changes, and extent of bony atrophy. Comparisons were made with the results of previous studies. Technical and darkroom procedures were analyzed with regard to processing, positioning, and procedural errors. A 14% frequency of pathologic findings was found. These findings support the conclusions of others2–5 that many edentulous patients have some dental pathosis. Twenty-seven percent of the radiographs had processing errors and 5% had artifacts resulting from procedural errors. Only 24% of the radiographs were without gross positional errors. The most common error being anterior magnification. Under-or overdevelopment interfered with interpretation in about 10% of the films. Thirty-seven percent had condyles that were either partially or totally missing.
Hemarthrosis in a Patient on Warfarin Receiving Ceftaroline: A Case Report and Brief Review of Cephalosporin Interactions with Warfarin

OBJECTIVE:To report a possible interaction between warfarin and ceftaroline, resulting in hemarthrosis, and provide readers with an understanding of mechanisms of interaction between cephalosporins and warfarin.CASE SUMMARY:Ceftaroline was prescribed for an 85-year-old female with a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) hospitalized for the treatment of cellulitis. She was subsequently readmitted with shoulder pain and a supratherapeutic INR. The patient was diagnosed with hemarthrosis, presumably related to elevated INR. Evaluation using the drug interaction probability scale for warfarin and ceftaroline yielded a score consistent with a possible or probable interaction.DISCUSSION:Cephalosporins may interact with warfarin through a variety of mechanisms, including potentiation of hypoprothrombinemia related to certain side chain groups, inhibition of P-glycoprotein, or alteration of gastrointestinal flora. All mechanisms reported in the medical literature as of April 2012 are briefly examined,...
Moderating effects of teacher–student relationship in adolescent trajectories of emotional and behavioral adjustment.

This study examined relations between effortful control, parent-adolescent conflict, and teacher-student relationships and the concurrent and longitudinal impact of these factors on adolescent depression and misconduct. In particular, we examined whether the risks of low effortful control and parent-adolescent conflict could be buffered by positive teacher-student relationships characterized by warmth and trust. Data were collected on 1,400 urban youths (52% female, 51% Black, 44% White) who reported on their effortful control at age 13 years and on their depressive symptoms and misconduct from ages 13-18. Teacher-student relationship data were collected from teacher-report at age 13 and parent-adolescent conflict data from parent-report at age 13. As hypothesized, regardless of gender, both early poor effortful control and conflictive parent-adolescent relationship were general risks for adolescents' depression and misconduct. Positive teacher-student relationships protected adolescents against depression and misconduct throughout ages 13-18. In addition, positive teacher-student relationships moderated the negative influences of adolescents' early poor effortful control and conflictive parent-adolescent relationships on misconduct and helped such at-risk adolescents to attain less behaviorally delinquent developmental trajectories over time.
Cosmopolitan Mandarin Linguistic practice of Chinese waiqi professionals

China’s participation in the global economy has brought about a new professional group — Chinese professionals working for foreign businesses (waiqi). Focusing on the linguistic practice of a group of waiqi professionals in Beijing, this study compares their speech with that of professionals working for state-owned enterprises. Both groups are natives of Beijing. Based on quantitative analysis of three Beijing Mandarin features and a tone feature revealing an influence from non-Mainland Mandarin varieties, the study shows that the waiqi group overwhelmingly used the non-local features much more frequently than the state professionals. It is argued that the waiqi professionals’ speech cannot be described simply as speaking a more standard variety of Putonghua. They are constructing a cosmopolitan Mandarin style through selectively combining features from both regional and global sources. This non-local style of Mandarin does not strictly conform to the standard of Putonghua. Explanations for the differential practice of the two groups are sought through differences in the linguistic markets in which they participate. This study demonstrates that the traditional territorially-based approach to sociolinguistic variation on a local–standard dimension is inadequate in examining practices that employ linguistic resources from both local and supra-local sources.
Object-centered direction selectivity in the macaque supplementary eye field

Object-centered spatial awareness--awareness of the location, relative to an object, of its parts--plays an important role in many aspects of perception, imagination, and action. One possible basis for this capability is the existence in the brain of neurons with sensory receptive fields or motor action fields that are defined relative to an object-centered frame. In experiments described here, neuronal activity was monitored in the supplementary eye field of macaque monkeys making eye movements to the right or left end of a horizontal bar. Neurons were found to fire differentially as a function of the end of the bar to which an eye movement was made. This is direct evidence for the existence of neurons sensitive to the object-centered direction of movements.
Conductive molecular solids: partial iodine oxidation of octaethylporphyrins

Abstract We report e.p.r. and resonance Raman spectra, and electrical conductivity for polycrystalline samples of the M(OEP)(I)x, where M = “H 2 ” , Ni, Cu; OEP = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octaethylporphinato; x ⪷ 5.8 . These materials are shown by resonance Raman spectrometry to be properly formulated as M(OEP)(I 5 - ) x/5 . The electrical conductivities depend strongly on ρ = x/5 and M. In some cases (e.g., Ni(OEP)(I)x, x > 1.4) the ambient temperature polycrystalline conductivities (∼0.03 S cm−1) and the activation energies (0.10 eV) are comparable with those of polycrystalline samples of materials whose single crystal conductivities are ∼500 Sm−1 with a metal-like temperature dependence (dσ/dt
Optimal generation scheduling for constrained multi-area hydrothermal power systems with cascaded reservoirs

The optimization problem in this paper is targeted at large-scale hydrothermal power systems. The thermal part of the system is a multi-area power pool with tie-line constraints, and the hydro part is a set of cascaded hydrostations. The objective is to minimize the operation cost of the thermal subsystem. This is an integer nonlinear optimization process with a large number of variables and constraints. In order to obtain the optimal solution in a reasonable time, we decompose the problem into thermal and hydro subproblems. The coordinator between these subproblems is the system Lagrange multiplier. For the thermal subproblem, in a multi-area power pool, it is necessary to coordinate the area generations for reducing the operation cost without violating tie limits. For the hydro subsystem, network flow concepts are adopted to coordinate water usage over the entire study time span, and the reduced gradient method is used to overcome the linear characteristic of the network flow method in order to obtain the optimal solution. In this study, load forecasting errors and forced outages of generating units are incorporated in system reliability requirements. Three case studies for the proposed method are presented.
Yogurt consumption and estrogen metabolism in healthy premenopausal women

Abstract Dietary modification of intestinal microflora by yogurt or Lactobacilli supplementation has been shown to decrease fecal β-glucuronidase activity, thereby possibly affecting estrogen metabolism and lowering breast cancer risk. To determine if yogurt consumption modifies fecal β-glucuronidase activity and plasma and urine estrogen concentrations, 16 women (24.8 ± 1.0 y; mean ± SEM) were assigned randomly to two groups, control (CON;n=7) or yogurt treatment (YOG;n=9). Control subjects refrained from yogurt consumption for three months, whereas the YOG group consumed two cups (454 g/d) of commercially produced yogurt made with a culture (1:1 ratio) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus and Lactococcus salivarius ssp thermophilus (> 10 7 colony forming units/g yogurt) for three consecutive months. Prior yogurt consumption did not exceed 4–6 cups/month and subjects consumed their usual diets during the study. Three-day diet records, fasting mid-luteal blood, and 24 h urine collections were obtained during three consecutive days of subjects' first-, second-, and fourth-menstrual cycles. Fecal samples were collected once during each menstrual cycle. Dietary nutrient intakes were not significantly different within or between groups throughout the study. The YOG group was consuming a low-fat diet (19–22% of total calories). Fecal β-glucuronidase activity and plasma and urinary estrone and estradiol-17β concentrations were assessed following baseline and months one and three for CON and YOG consumers. No significant differences were observed within or between groups for any of the aforementioned biochemical variables. In conclusion, three months of yogurt consumption did not alter fecal β-glucuronidase activity or plasma and urine estrogen concentrations.
The evolution of professional identity: the case of osteopathic medicine

Abstract The osteopathic medical profession was founded in the late 19th century and has become an accepted part of the medical establishment in the United States. Throughout its history, the osteopathic medical profession has attempted to define itself in a way that differentiates osteopathy from other alternative therapies and situates the profession as responsive to the changing health care needs of the American public. This article examines identity within the osteopathic profession by examining the ways in which the profession has created, maintained, and changed its identity in its over century-long existence. The case analysis presented here involves the examination of identity statements culled from several osteopathic data sources. The identity statements represent four specific time periods within the osteopathic profession: the founding statements of A. T. Still, statements from 1915 through 1935 when the scope of osteopathic identity was expanding, statements from 1954 through 1974 in which the osteopathic profession dealt with internal and external threats in developing a “separate but equal” identity, and recent statements from a osteopathic student web site that illustrate current and future views of osteopathic identity. The results of this case analysis highlight the role of the social environment in establishing and changing professional identity, the importance of an occupational founder in shaping the articulation of identity, and the tension between identity and practice within the osteopathic medical profession.
Neural network data analysis for laser-induced thermal acoustics

A general, analytical closed-form solution for laser-induced thermal acoustic (LITA) signals using homodyne or heterodyne detection and using electrostrictive and thermal gratings is derived. A one-hidden-layer feed-forward neural network is trained using back-propagation learning and a steepest descent learning rule to extract the speed of sound and flow velocity from a heterodyne LITA signal. The effect of the network size on the performance is demonstrated. The accuracy is determined with a second set of LITA signals that were not used during the training phase. The accuracy is found to be better than that of a conventional frequency decomposition technique while being computationally as efficient. This data analysis method is robust with respect to noise, numerically stable and fast enough for real-time data analysis.
A clustering-partitioning algorithm to find TCP packet round-trip time for intrusion detection

An effective approach for detecting stepping-stone intrusion is to estimate the number of hosts compromised through estimating the length of a connection chain. This can be done by studying the changes in TCP packet round-trip time. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm by using maximum-minimum distance clustering and partitioning method to find the round-trip time from the time-stamps of TCP send and echo packets. Previous algorithms produce either good results on very few packets, or poor results on many packets. This method gives us better round-trip time and more packets than other algorithms proposed in the past.
A novel group of pumilio mutations affects the asymmetric division of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary

Germline stem cells play a pivotal role in gametogenesis; yet little is known about how they are formed, how they divide to self-renew, and how these processes are genetically controlled. Here we describe the self-renewing asymmetric division of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovarian germline, as marked by the spectrosome, a cytoplasmic structure rich in membrane skeletal proteins. The ontogeny of the spectrosome marks the lineage of germline stem cells. We identified two new groups of mutations in which the divisional asymmetry is disrupted. The first, which we refer to as ovarette (ovt) mutations, was shown to correspond to a novel class of mutations in the pumilio locus. Since pumilio is known to posttranscriptionally repress the expression of target genes at earlier stages of germ cell development, our results suggest that a similar activity is needed to maintain germ line stem cells. We have also identified a second and novel gene, piwi, whose mutations abolish germline stem cell division.
Towards an Organizing Principle for a Layered Perceptual Network

An information-theoretic optimization principle is proposed for the development of each processing stage of a multilayered perceptual network. This principle of "maximum information preservation" states that the signal transformation that is to be realized at each stage is one that maximizes the information that the output signal values (from that stage) convey about the input signals values (to that stage), subject to certain constraints and in the presence of processing noise. The quantity being maximized is a Shannon information rate. I provide motivation for this principle and -- for some simple model cases -- derive some of its consequences, discuss an algorithmic implementation, and show how the principle may lead to biologically relevant neural architectural features such as topographic maps, map distortions, orientation selectivity, and extraction of spatial and temporal signal correlations. A possible connection between this information-theoretic principle and a principle of minimum entropy production in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is suggested.
Neurologic Presentations of Nutritional Deficiencies

Optimal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system is dependent on a constant supply of appropriate nutrients. The first section of this review discusses neurologic manifestations related to deficiency of key nutrients such as vitamin B 12 , folate, copper, vitamin E, thiamine, and others. The second section addresses neurologic complications related to bariatric surgery. The third sections includes neurologic presentations caused by nutrient deficiencies in the setting of alcoholism. The concluding section addresses neurologic deficiency diseases that have a geographic predilection.
Black Power—Nixon Style: The Nixon Administration and Minority Business Enterprise

In the recent debate over minority contract set-asides, many policy-makers have forgotten this program's origins. Richard Nixon, moved by philosophical, practical, and political considerations, made minority business enterprise a theme of his 1968 presidential campaign and his first administration. By using set-asides, the Nixon administration overcame its meager funding of the Office of Minority Business Enterprise (OMBE) and encouraged minority entrepreneurship. Nixon's actions influenced federal policy toward minority owned businesses for two decades.
Silicon micro-needles with flexible interconnections

A flexible polyimide-based interconnect scheme was developed to realize isolated needle-like microelectrodes. A simple fabrication approach allows the integration of micromachined silicon needles with a larger silicon base designed to carry elements such as amplifiers, battery or memory. The interconnecting scheme uses two polyimide layers to sandwich a metallic layer. The metal layer forms the electrical connection between the silicon base and the micro-electrodes, while the polyimide layers provide flexible insulation. The current design allows convenient handling of the device during implantation and minimal mechanical load on the implanted region. The device can conform to the surface of neural tissue and allows convenient interfacing with rugged and dynamic tissues. Prototype devices were tested for usability and animal-compatibility. The devices were implanted in sea slugs (Tritonia diomedea) and extracellular signals were acquired. Tritonia diomedea show full recovery from surgery and implantation, and survive up to a minimum of fourteen days with the ability to perform normal behaviors.
Indirect exchange in EuB6

Abstract It is shown that positive paramagnetic Curie temperatures in degenerate semiconductors such as EuB6 may arise through either Bloembergen-Rowland or Ruderman-Kittel indirect exchange interactions.
Detection of depression in older adults by family and friends: distinguishing mood disorder signals from the noise of personality and everyday life

Background: The capacity of friends and family member informants to make judgments about the presence of a mood disorder history in an older primary care patient has theoretical, clinical, and public health significance. This study examined the accuracy of informant-reported mood disorder diagnoses in a sample of primary care patients aged 65 years or older. We hypothesized that the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of informant reports would vary with the patient's personality. Methods: Hypotheses were tested in 191 dyads consisting of patients and their friends or relatives (informants) recruited from primary care settings. Gold-standard mood disorder diagnoses were established at consensus conferences based on a review of medical charts and data collected in a structured interview with the patient. Patients completed an assessment battery that included the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of informant-derived mood disorder diagnoses were related to patient personality. Sensitivity of informant-derived lifetime mood disorder diagnoses was compromised by higher Extraversion and higher Agreeableness. Specificity of informant-derived lifetime mood disorder diagnoses was compromised by lower Agreeableness and higher Conscientiousness. Conclusion: Patient personality has implications for the accuracy of mood disorder histories provided by friends and family members. Given that false negatives can have grave consequences, we recommend that practitioners be particularly vigilant when interpreting collateral information about their extraverted, agreeable patients.