cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distorsión y silencio en el Lienzo de Tlaxcala (1892) de Alfredo Chavero: Notas metodológicas

Descripcion de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala (1581–1585), a Tlaxcalan manuscript that contains homologous images to the ones in Lienzo de Tlaxcala (of which there are only modern copies in existence), was found in 1976 and published in three modern editions since 1981. Even though this sixteenth-century manuscript offers authentic images on the history of colonial Tlaxcala, literary critics and historians continue to use the Lienzo de Tlaxcala copied by the painter Genaro Lopez and edited by Alfredo Chavero in 1892. To develop a critique of these methodological practices through the consideration of the historical and ideological context of production of the Lienzo de Tlaxcala under the Porfirian state, this work identifies and examines a critical difference between both codices that has not been discussed by experts before: the reformulation, by Porfirian intellectuals and artists, of a sixteenth-century Tlaxcalan discourse of conquest that silences or erases fundamental aspects of that local historical narration. This article argues that our Lienzo de Tlaxcala is Descripcion de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala and that the 1892 edition of the Lienzo by Chavero responds, rather, to the interests of nationalistic and propagandistic projects by the Mexican modern state under the Porfiriato. Resumen La Descripcion de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala (1581–1585), un manuscrito tlaxcalteco que contiene imagenes homologas al Lienzo de Tlaxcala (del que solo existen copias pero no el original), fue encontrado en 1976 y publicado en tres ediciones y reimpresiones modernas a partir de 1981. Aunque este manuscrito del siglo XVI ofrece imagenes autenticas al investigador, la practica corriente sigue siendo la consulta o uso asiduos de las imagenes del Lienzo de Tlaxcala publicado por Alfredo Chavero en 1892. Como intervencion ante estas practicas metodologicas, y tomando como punto de partida el contexto ideologico de produccion de la copia del Lienzo de Tlaxcala publicada por Alfredo Chavero, este articulo identifica y examina una diferencia fundamental entre ambos codices no discutida por expertos hasta ahora: una reformulacion del discurso tlaxcalteca de conquista por intelectuales del Porfiriato que silencia o borra aspectos fundamentales de la narracion historica tlaxcalteca segun presentada en el siglo XVI. Finalmente, este trabajo argumenta que nuestro Lienzo de Tlaxcala del siglo XVI es la Descripcion de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala y que la edicion de Chavero responde, mas bien, a los proyectos nacionalistas y propagandistas del estado moderno mexicano durante el Porfiriato.
Signaling Between TRPV1/TRPV4 and Intracellular Hydrostatic Pressure in the Mouse Lens

Purpose The lens uses feedback to maintain zero pressure in its surface cells. Positive pressures are detected by transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV4), which initiates a cascade that reduces surface cell osmolarity. The first step is opening of gap junction hemichannels. One purpose of the current study was to identify the connexin(s) in the hemichannels. Negative pressures are detected by TRPV1, which initiates a cascade that increases surface osmolarity. The increase in osmolarity was initially reported to be through inhibition of Na/K ATPase activity, but a recent study reported it was through stimulation of Na/K/2Cl (NKCC) cotransport. A second purpose of this study was to reconcile these two reports. Methods Intracellular hydrostatic pressures were measured using a microelectrode/manometer system. Lenses from TRPV1 or Cx50 null mice were studied. Specific inhibitors of Cx50 gap junction channels, NKCC, and Akt were used. Results Either knockout of Cx50 or blockade of Cx50 channels completely eliminated the response to positive surface pressures. Knockout of Cx50 also caused a positive drift in surface pressure. The short-term (∼20-minute) response to negative surface pressures was eliminated by blockade of NKCC, but a long-term (∼4-hour) response restored pressure to zero. Both short- and long-term responses were eliminated by knockout of TRPV1 or inhibition of Akt. Conclusions Hemichannels made from Cx50 are required for the response to positive surface pressures. Negative surface pressures first activate NKCC, but a backup system is inhibition of Na/K ATPase activity. Both responses are initiated by TRPV1 and go through PI3K/Akt before branching.
Feeding infants with complex congenital heart disease: a modified Delphi survey to examine potential research and practice gaps.

Objective: To determine clinical consensus and non-consensus in regard to evidence-based statements about feeding infants with complex CHD, with a focus on human milk. Areas of non-consensus may indicate discrepancies between research findings and practice, with consequent variation in feeding management. Materials and Methods: A modified Delphi survey validated key feeding topics (round 1), and determined consensus on evidence-based statements (rounds 2 and 3). Patients (n=25) were an interdisciplinary group of clinical experts from across the United States of America. Descriptive analysis used SPSS Statistics (Version 26.0). Thematic analysis of qualitative data provided context for quantitative data. Results: Round 1 generated 5 key topics (human milk, developing oral feeding skills, clinical feeding practice, growth failure, and parental concern about feeding) and 206 evidence-based statements. The final results included 110 (53.4%) statements of consensus and 96 (46.6%) statements of non-consensus. The 10 statements of greatest consensus strongly supported human milk as the preferred nutrition for infants with complex CHD. Areas of non-consensus included the adequacy of human milk to support growth, need for fortification, safety, and feasibility of direct breastfeeding, issues related to tube feeding, and prevention and treatment of growth failure. Conclusions: The results demonstrate clinical consensus about the importance of human milk, but reveal a need for best practices in managing a human milk diet for infants with complex CHD. Areas of non-consensus may lead to clinical practice variation. A sensitive approach to these topics is needed to support family caregivers in navigating feeding concerns.
LAHEL: Lightweight Attestation Hardening Embedded Devices using Macrocells

In recent years, we have seen an advent in software attestation defenses targeting embedded systems which aim to detect tampering with a device’s running program. With a persistent threat of an increasingly powerful attacker with physical access to the device, attestation approaches have become more rooted into the device’s hardware with some approaches even changing the underlying microarchitecture. These drastic changes to the hardware make the proposed defenses hard to apply to new systems. In this paper, we present and evaluate LAHEL as the means to study the implementation and pitfalls of a hardware-based attestation mechanism. We limit LAHEL to utilize existing technologies without demanding any hardware changes. We implement LAHEL as a hardware IP core which interfaces with the CoreSight Debug Architecture available in modern ARM cores. We show how LAHEL can be integrated to system on chip designs allowing for microcontroller vendors to easily add our defense into their products. We present and test our prototype on a Zynq-7000 SoC, evaluating the security of LAHEL against powerful time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) attacks, while demonstrating improved performance over existing attestation schemes.
Test-Retest Reliability of Audiometric Assessment in Individuals with Mild Dementia

Importance Accurate assessment of hearing is critically important regardless of a person’s cognitive ability. The degree to which hearing can be reliably measured in adults with mild dementia has not been determined. Objective To obtain quantitative measures of reliability to evaluate the degree to which audiologic testing can be accurately conducted in older adults with mild dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants This repeated-measures cross-sectional study consisted of a comprehensive audiologic assessment on 2 occasions separated by 1 to 2 weeks performed in the department of otolaryngology at the Washington University School of Medicine from December 3, 2018, to March 4, 2020. Participants were 15 older adults with a verified diagnosis of mild dementia and 32 older adults without a verified diagnosis of mild dementia who were recruited from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center at Washington University in St Louis. Main Outcomes and Measures Test-retest reliability was assessed for tympanometry, acoustic reflex thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, hearing sensitivity, speech reception threshold, speech perception in noise, and hearing handicap, using standard clinical audiology measures. Results A total of 47 older adults (26 women; mean [SD] age, 74.8 [6.0] years [range, 53-87 years]), including 32 with normal cognitive function and 15 with very mild or mild dementia, completed the study protocol. For participants with mild dementia, high test-retest reliability (Spearman ρ > 0.80) was found for most measures typically included in a comprehensive audiometric evaluation. For acoustic reflex thresholds, agreement was moderate to high, averaging approximately 83% across frequencies for both groups. Scores for the screening Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly at time 1 and time 2 were highly correlated for the group with normal cognitive function (r = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]) and for the group with mild dementia (r = 0.96 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]). For hearing thresholds, all rank-order correlations were above 0.80 with 95% CIs at or below 15% in width, with the exception of a moderate correlation of bone conduction thresholds at 500 Hz for the group with normal cognitive function (r = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.50-0.84]) and slightly wider 95% CIs for low-frequency bone conduction thresholds for both groups. For speech reception thresholds, correlations were high for groups with normal cognitive function (r = 0.91 [95% CI, 0.84-0.95]) and mild dementia (r = 0.83 [95% CI, 0.63-0.94]). Conclusions and Relevance Test-retest reliability for hearing measures obtained from participants with mild dementia was comparable to that obtained from cognitively normal participants. These findings suggest that mild cognitive impairment does not preclude accurate audiologic assessment.
Asymmetric organelle positioning during epithelial polarization of C. elegans intestinal cells.

Abstract While the epithelial cell cortex displays profound asymmetries in protein distribution and morphology along the apico-basal axis, the extent to which the cytoplasm is similarly polarized within epithelial cells remains relatively unexplored. We show that cytoplasmic organelles within C. elegans embryonic intestinal cells develop extensive apico-basal polarity at the time they establish cortical asymmetry. Nuclei and conventional endosomes, including early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, become polarized apically. Lysosome-related gut granules, yolk platelets, and lipid droplets become basally enriched. Removal of par-3 activity does not disrupt organelle positioning, indicating that cytoplasmic apico-basal asymmetry is independent of the PAR polarity pathway. Blocking the apical migration of nuclei leads to the apical positioning of gut granules and yolk platelets, whereas the asymmetric localization of conventional endosomes and lipid droplets is unaltered. This suggests that nuclear positioning organizes some, but not all, cytoplasmic asymmetries in this cell type. We show that gut granules become apically enriched when WHT-2 and WHT-7 function is disrupted, identifying a novel role for ABCG transporters in gut granule positioning during epithelial polarization. Analysis of WHT-2 and WHT-7 ATPase mutants is consistent with a WHT-2/WHT-7 heterodimer acting as a transporter in gut granule positioning. In wht-2(−) mutants, the polarized distribution of other organelles is not altered and gut granules do not take on characteristics of conventional endosomes that could have explained their apical mispositioning. During epithelial polarization wht-2(−) gut granules exhibit a loss of the Rab32/38 family member GLO-1 and ectopic expression of GLO-1 is sufficient to rescue the basal positioning of wht-2(−) and wht-7(−) gut granules. Furthermore, depletion of GLO-1 causes the mislocalization of the endolysosomal RAB-7 to gut granules and RAB-7 drives the apical mispositioning of gut granules when GLO-1, WHT-2, or WHT-7 function is disrupted. We suggest that ABC transporters residing on gut granules can regulate Rab dynamics to control organelle positioning during epithelial polarization.
Normativity from Rationality: A Comment on John Broome

The target of John Broome’s critique is a certain kind of reductive project: that of reducing the property of rationality to that of normativity, or the property of being rational to that of being ...
Pituitary incidentalomas in the United States: A national database estimate.

Abstract Objective Increasing use of imaging is associated with rising diagnoses of pituitary incidentalomas (PIs) that often do not require surgical or medical treatment. In this study, we evaluate U.S. incidence, epidemiology, and trends of pituitary adenomas (PAs) and PIs from 2004 – 2018. Methods 50,220 PAs were selected from the SEER 2020 submission. PIs that do not initially require surgical or medical treatment were filtered from PAs if they were best diagnostically confirmed by radiography, not indicated as prolactinomas in physician reports, not recommended surgery initially, and reported a correct tumor size. Age-adjusted incidence rates, patient demographics, tumor characteristics, trends over time, and differences between PAs and PIs were explored. Results Between 2004 – 2018, the incidence rates of PAs and PIs were 4.28 ± 0.04 and 1.53 ± 0.02 per 100,000 population, respectively. When observing changes from 2004 to 2018, a nearly 3-fold increase from 0.73 ± 0.05 to 2.00 ± 0.09 per 100,000 was observed for PIs. The proportion of PIs significantly increased from 24.91% of all PA diagnoses in 2004 to 42.07% in 2018 (p Conclusions Reports of increasing PAs in the U.S. is likely due to a rise in diagnosing PIs. This parallels findings from other countries. This national PI estimate may serve as a point of comparison for future studies investigating imaging and PI rates at individual institutions.
A Review of “Forensic Geology”

Soil and mineral evidence is encountered with moderate frequency in civil and criminal investigations. In recognition of this fact, the text in question attempts to depict the state of the art in the forensic characterization of geological materials. A tripartite audience is intended by the authors: (1) criminalists, (2) attorneys, both prosecuting and defense, and (3) geologists and soil scientists who may wish to become involved with the forensic area. Since each of these three groups will approach this book with different backgrounds and expectations, it is to be expected that each group will respond to the text in a somewhat different manner.
Sensitivities and Uncertainties Related to Numerics and Building Features in Urban Modeling

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been engaged in the development and testing of a computational system that would use a grid of activation foil detectors to provide postdetonation forensic information from a nuclear device detonation. ORNL has developed a high-performance, three-dimensional (3-D) deterministic radiation transport code called Denovo. Denovo solves the multigroup discrete ordinates (SN) equations and can output 3-D data in a platform-independent format that can be efficiently analyzed using parallel, high-performance visualization tools. To evaluate the sensitivities and uncertainties associated with the deterministic computational method numerics, a numerical study on the New York City Times Square model was conducted using Denovo. In particular, the sensitivities and uncertainties associated with various components of the calculational method were systematically investigated, including (a) the Legendre polynomial expansion order of the scattering cross sections, (b) the angular quadrature, (c) multigroup energy binning, (d) spatial mesh sizes, (e) the material compositions of the building models, (f) the composition of the foundations upon which the buildings rest (e.g., ground, concrete, or asphalt), and (g) the amount of detail included in the building models. Although Denovo may calculate the idealized model well, there may be uncertainty in the results because of slight departures ofmore » the above-named parameters from those used in the idealized calculations. Fluxes and activities at selected locations from perturbed calculations are compared with corresponding values from the idealized or base case to determine the sensitivities associated with specified parameter changes. Results indicate that uncertainties related to numerics can be controlled by using higher fidelity models, but more work is needed to control the uncertainties related to the model.« less
Novel Biomimetic Design for Composite Material

The article discusses the biomimetic approach for composite materials that can be applied in different industrial areas such as biomedical, aerospace, automotive, electronic, textile, and so on. The main font of inspiration to gain principles of biomimetic design, high performances, and multifunctional materials comes from the observation and study of biological materials. Infact, in the first part of the article, the microstructure and the properties of biological tissues are discussed in terms of structure-properties-functions relationship in order to understand the nature guideline useful for the design of composite materials, while in the second part, biomimetic composites defined following nature guideline are described. Some examples of biomimetic composites used for industrial applications such as biosensors, textile, and biomedical devices (prosthesis and scaffolds for tissue engineering) are reported. Keywords: biomimetic; composites; biological tissues; tissue engineering
Voltammetric, potentiometric and amperometric studies with a rotated aluminum wire electrode: Voltammetric behavior of the r.al.e.

Abstract A rotated aluminum wire electrode (R.Al.E.) is described for the determination of voltammograms and potentials. An aluminum electrode is highly polarizable both cathodically and anodically. Of all ions tested only hydroxyl and fluoride ions depolarize it anodically at highly negative potentials. In the absence of fluoride it is not a pH electrode, but it is a pOH electrode in the presence of an excess of hydroxyl ions. Fluoride in acid medium and hydroxyl ions yield well defined anodic diffusion currents. In the absence of fluoride or of an excess of hydroxyl ions the potential is ill defined. In acid medium a trace of fluoride (2.10 -5 M or 0.4 p.p.m.) causes the potential to become approximately 600 mV more negative than in the absence of fluoride. At a pH greater than j l the potential varies 66 mV per unit change of pH.
Sleep-disordered breathing and nocturia in older adults.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturia episodes in community-dwelling older adults. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Community. Participants: Community-dwelling older adults (N=72) recruited from independent living facilities and adult learning centers in Atlanta, Georgia. Measurements: Three-day voiding diary, ambulatory sleep recording, focused physical examination, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Fifty-eight of the 72 subjects completed the study. The mean age±standard deviation was 77.7±6.7; 44 (76%) were female. Of the 58 subjects, 26 (45%) had an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 10 per hour of sleep, 21 (36%) had an AHI between 10 and 24 per hour sleep, and 11 (19%) had an AHI of 25 or higher per hour of sleep. The mean nocturia episodes were 1.7±1.1, 1.6±0.9, and 2.6±1.4 for subjects in these groups, respectively (F=3.82; P=.028). Those with an AHI of 25 or higher had more nocturia episodes, higher mean arterial blood pressure, and higher body mass index than those with a lower AHI. Conclusion: These results suggest that older adults with severe SDB have a greater number of nocturia episodes. These findings underscore the importance of considering SDB as a differential diagnosis in the evaluation of older patients with nocturia.
A cost and performance evaluation of disposable and reusable biopsy forceps in GI endoscopy

Abstract Background: Biopsy forceps are widely used in gastrointestinal endoscopy, and yet few data exist on the usage and costs associated with disposable versus reusable forceps. Methods: We prospectively measured the costs and operational performance of disposable and reusable forceps in 200 biopsy sessions; 100 sessions were performed using disposable forceps and 100 sessions were performed using reusable forceps. Total cost per use of the reusable forceps, including acquisition costs plus the costs of reprocessing per established guidelines, was determined. At the end of the study, the reusable forceps were disassembled to determine the cause of mechanical failures. Results: The total cost per use of the disposable forceps was $38. For the reusable forceps, the acquisition cost per forceps was $415 and the total reprocessing cost was $16.56 ± 0.07 per forceps. For 10, 15 and 20 uses, reusable forceps costs were $58.06, $44.23, and $37.31, respectively. Reusable forceps malfunction at 11 to 15 uses was 5%; at 16 to 20 uses was 25%; and at 21 to 25 uses reached 80% ( p Conclusions: Up to 15 to 20 uses, disposable and reusable forceps costs were similar. If reusable forceps are used more than 20 times, then they are less expensive. However, in this range of uses, reusable biopsy forceps performance diminishes. With disposable biopsy forceps costing less than $40, cost differences between reusable and disposable forceps are minimal. (Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:266-70.)
Analysis of dental shear bond strength tests, shear or tensile?

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate dental ‘shear’ bond strength test methods using a test analogue. It was hypothesized that failure in many traditional dental ‘shear’ bond strength tests occurred as a consequence of tensile stress induced by the applied bending moment rather than by shear stress. Tensile bond strengths (‘maximum’ tensile stress to initiate failure) were fairly constant for a wide range of specimen shapes and moment arms, while average shear bond strengths were not. Based on the assumption that failure occurred due to tensile stress, theoretical predictions for failure loads followed experimental results closely. In contrast, the predictions based on the assumption that failure occurred due to shear stress did not. The results suggested that adhesive failure, in many dental ‘shear’ bond strength tests, does not occur as a consequence of shear stress but as a consequence of tensile stress induced by a bending moment. Therefore, calculation of shear bond strength is inappropriate for these test methods. The results of this investigation and others strongly suggest that dental adhesion researchers should be measuring the stress that initiates debonding rather than average stress.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of two cases of pigment dispersion syndrome

We examined four eyes obtained post mortem from two patients who had increased intraocular pressure, normal visual fields, and pigment dispersion syndrome. Gross examination, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy disclosed elongated regions on the posterior iris surface of all the eyes. The cell membrane of the iris pigment epithelium was disrupted and there was extrusion of pigment granules at these locations. These areas of iris had a radial distribution (paralleling the course of the packets of zonular fibers) and corresponded to the peripheral iris transillumination defects. Pigment was dispersed in the anterior segment and on the pars plana. In the trabecular meshwork the pigment was free, within macrophages, and within endothelial cells. We observed giant vacuoles in the endothelium of Schlemm's canal. These findings suggested that friction between the zonular fibers and peripheral iris led to focal disruption of iris pigment epithelium and release of pigment granules. The increased pigment within the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal may indicate that the glaucoma sometimes associated with pigment dispersion is caused by pigmentary obstruction, although congenital imperfections of the outflow channels may also be a factor.
Applicability of NASQAN data for ecosystem assessments on the Missouri River

The effectiveness of ecological restoration efforts on large developed rivers is often unknown because comprehensive ecological monitoring programs are often absent. Although Eulerian water-quality monitoring programs, such as the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) program, are more common, they are usually not designed for ecological assessment. Therefore, this paper addresses the value of NASQAN for ecological assessments on the Missouri River and identifies potential program additions and modifications to assess certain ecological changes in physical habitat, biological structure and function, and ecotoxicity. Five additional sites; the analysis of chlorophyll, mercury, ATP, potential endocrine disruptors, total trace elements, and selected total hydrophobic organics; and the hourly measurement of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and temperature are recommended. Hourly measurements would require an entirely new operational aspect to NASQAN. However, the presence of data loggers and satellite transmitters in the gauging stations at all NASQAN sites substantially improves the feasibility of continuous water-quality monitoring. The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to monitor dissolved bioaccumulating organics and trace elements, identification and enumeration of zooplankton, and characterization of the bioavailability of organic matter are also recommended. The effect of biological processes on the conservative assumptions that are used in flux and source determinations of NASQAN constituents are also evaluated. Organic carbon, organic nitrogen, dissolved phosphate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen are the NASQAN constituents most vulnerable to biological processes and thus violation of conservative assumptions. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can research methodology affect treatment outcome? A comparison of two cold pressor test paradigms

This study was designed as a cognitive-strategy efficacy study using two cold pressor paradigms as an independent variable. The fixed latency paradigm instructs subjects to leave their hand in the cold water for a fixed amount of time (e.g., 3 minutes), whereas the tolerance paradigm asks subjects to endure pain for as long as possible. The results suggest that the fixed latency paradigm is associated with lower subjective pain ratings especially when a cognitive strategy is used. The tolerance groups failed to decrease their subjective perception of pain but did evidence longer latencies when a cognitive strategy was used. While other research has used these paradigms interchangeably to assess efficacy, these two paradigms apparently pose very different challenges to subjects.
Coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of prostaglandins in the unanaesthetized dog

Since prostaglandins appear to be important mediators of blood flow in the coronary and systemic vascular beds, we studied coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of prostaglandins A1 (PGA1), E1 (PGE1), and F2α (PGF2α administered by intravenous, intra-atrial, and intracoronary routes in 14 intact, unanaesthetized dogs. PGF2α, (0·01-1·0 (μg/kg intravenously) did not alter coronary or systemic haemodynamics. Intra-atrial doses of PGA1 and PGE1 (0·01-1·0 (xg/kg) increased coronary blood flow, heart rate, and cardiac output by 35—62%, 22—57%, and 8—14%, respectively, while it decreased mean aortic pressure and peripheral vascular resistance by 8—14% and 26—36% respectively. PGA1 and PGA1 injected directly into the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, increased coronary blood flow by 53% before any change in heart rate, mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, or myocardial oxygen usage. Since PGA1, unlike many other prostaglandins, is not inactivated by transit through the pulmonary circulation, it may be of value in increasing coronary blood flow and in augmenting cardiac output in the setting of myocardial ischaemia.
Reasons to be cheerful

Global warming is unlike any crisis humanity has faced before, but we are better equipped to deal with it than many of us realise, says Spencer Weart
Effects of Perceptual Training Based upon Synthesized Voice Signals

28 undergraduate students participated in a perceptual voice experiment to assess the effects of training utilizing synthesized voice signals. An instructional strategy based upon synthesized examples of a three-part classification system: "breathy," "rough," and "hoarse," was employed. Training samples were synthesized with varying amounts of jitter (cycle-to-cycle deviation in pitch period) and harmonic-to-noise ratios to represent these qualities. Before training, listeners categorized 60 pathological voices into "breathy," "rough," and "hoarse," largely on the basis of fundamental frequency. After training, categorizations were influenced by harmonic-to-noise ratios as well as fundamental frequency, suggesting that listeners were more aware of spectral differences in pathological voices associated with commonly occurring laryngeal conditions. 40% of the pathological voice samples remained unclassified following training.
An Engineering-Rhetoric Course: Combining Learning-Teaching Styles

Universities originally were centers of learning. Ap proximately 150 years ago in the United States, the universities also assumed an increasingly stronger role in career preparation. The marriage of the two has been, at best, tentative and uncomfortable. Curricula which lead to professional careers, particularly in the sciences, dogmatically include a set number of elective humanities courses to provide the student with a liberal education. The liberal education, however, is often seen by students, instructors and administrators, as a re quirement separate and secondary to the goal of career preparation. Students feel themselves caught in a fragmented cur riculum. To provide a broad-based education, to motivate students toward the goal of a liberal educa tion, and to match educational needs as perceived by students, the humanities courses which have potential relevance to professional development should be modified to be included in a curriculum of career preparation.
Two characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings.

One of Nakayama's [14] original characterizations of QF rings was as rings with minimum condition on left or right ideals in which every left ideal is a left annulet and every right ideal is a right annulet. Ikeda and Nakayama [7] proved that a finite dimensional algebra in which every left ideal is a left annulet is QF but Nakayama [15] gave an example which shows that this weaker assumption does not characterize QF rings even when one assumes minimum condition on both left and right ideals. For an arbitrary ring every left ideal being a left annulet is easily seen to be equivalent to every cyclic left module being torsionless. Thus our results may be regarded as an attempt to extend the one sided result of Ikeda and Nakayama mentioned above by making weaker finiteness assumptions and stronger assumptions about the relation of the members of various classes of left modules to their second duals. Our results are also related to those of Morita, Kawada and Tachikawa [12] who proved that a ring with minimum condition is QF if every left module is a submodule of a free module and of Faith and Walker [5] who recently showed that this characterization is still valid without the assumption of minimum condition. Finally we call attention to the investigations of B.L. Osofsky [17] which we cannot adequately relate to the above results in a few words.
The N-end rule pathway controls the import of peptides through degradation of a transcriptional repressor.

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic systems underlie many processes, including the cell cycle, cell differentiation and responses to stress. One such system is the N-end rule pathway, which targets proteins bearing destabilizing N-terminal residues. Here we report that Ubr1p, the main recognition component of this pathway, regulates peptide import in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through degradation of Cup9p, a 35 kDa homeodomain protein. Cup9p was identified using a screen for mutants that bypass the previously observed requirement for Ubr1p in peptide import. We show that Cup9p is a short-lived protein (t1/2 approximately 5 min) whose degradation requires Ubr1p. Cup9p acts as a repressor of PTR2, a gene encoding the transmembrane peptide transporter. In contrast to engineered N-end rule substrates, which are recognized by Ubr1p through their destabilizing N-terminal residues, Cup9p is targeted by Ubr1p through an internal degradation signal. The Ubr1p-Cup9p-Ptr2p circuit is the first example of a physiological process controlled by the N-end rule pathway. An earlier study identified Cup9p as a protein required for an aspect of resistance to copper toxicity in S.cerevisiae. Thus, one physiological substrate of the N-end rule pathway functions as both a repressor of peptide import and a regulator of copper homeostasis.
Anomalous acoustoelectric effect in semiconductor layered structures using separated medium configuration

Abstract An anomalous acoustoelectric effect is observed in semiconductor layered structures and bulk semiconductors due to semiconductor surface conditions. We report preliminary results of this effect in semiconductors using the nondestructive surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique. The magnitude and polarity of the acoustoelectric voltages in GaAs/AlAs superlattices exhibit strong SAW frequency dependencies, a phenomenon that is not observed in bulk semiconductors. The anomalous acoustoelectric voltage (AAV) is detected in high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and also bulk semiconductors as a function of bias voltage.
The Role of Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection

Objective To compare the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with and without topical postinjection antibiotic prophylaxis. Design Retrospective case-control study. Participants All patients treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept for a variety of retinal vascular diseases at a single, large retina practice between January 1, 2009, and October 1, 2012, were included. Methods The total numbers of patients and injections were determined from a review of billing code and practice management records. Endophthalmitis cases were determined from billing records and from an infection log. All cases of endophthalmitis were confirmed with chart review. A 28-month period when topical antibiotics were prescribed after intravitreal injection was compared with a 9-month period when topical antibiotics were not prescribed. Patients treated during an 8-month transition period were excluded to allow for the conversion of antibiotic prescription practices. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of endophthalmitis, visual acuity outcomes, and microbial spectrum. Results During the study period, a total of 117 171 intravitreal injections were performed (57 654 injections during the topical antibiotic period, 24 617 during the transition period, and 34 900 during the no-antibiotic period), with a total of 44 cases of suspected endophthalmitis (0.038%; 1 in 2663 injections), 17 of which showed culture-positive results (0.015%; 1 in 6892 injections). During the 28-month topical antibiotic period, there were 28 cases of suspected endophthalmitis (0.049%; 1 in 2059 injections), 10 of which showed culture-positive results (0.017%; 1 in 5765 injections). During the 9-month no-antibiotic period, there were 11 cases of suspected endophthalmitis (0.032%; 1 in 3173 injections), 4 of which showed culture-positive results (0.011%; 1 in 8725 injections). Topical antibiotic use was associated with a trend toward increased risk of suspected endophthalmitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–3.10) and culture-positive endophthalmitis (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.47–4.83). Conclusions The incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection is low. Using postinjection topical antibiotic drops does not reduce the risk of endophthalmitis developing and is associated with a trend toward higher incidence of endophthalmitis.
Non-conservative behavior of barium during mixing of Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico waters

The partitioning of trace elements between the aqueous and suspended fractions of estuarine waters can play a critical role in local problems of water quality and is a necessary parameter in establishing global mass balances for individual elements. A study has been made of the behavior of Ba during mixing of fresh and marine waters in a classic salt-wedge estuary — the lower Mississippi River. Samples were collected during low river stage, when much of the mixing was confined within the river channel. The behavior of dissolved Ba is strongly non-conservative, with excess Ba introduced into solution during mixing. The concentration of dissolved Ba in river water was 60 μg/l. During initial mixing (Cl= 0−5g/l), dissolved Ba values increased to 80 μg/l. With further mixing (Cl= 5−19g/l), dissolved Ba decreased to normal Gulf of Mexico surface values of 11 μg/l. The excess Ba appears to have been stripped off of suspended clays by exchange with major cations in seawater, and the behavior of Ba can be accurately described by a simple ion-exchange model. Average river waters at the time of sampling contained from 40 to 80 μg/l adsorbed, exchangeable Ba, depending on the concentration of suspended clays. Approximately half of the flux of dissolved Ba into the Gulf of Mexico was thus derived by desorption occurring near the mouth of the river. Clearly, river concentrations in the absence of exchange data are inadequate to characterize the continental input of dissolved Ba into the oceans.
Infinite families of infinite families of congruences for k-regular partitions

Let k∈{10,15,20}, and let bk(n) denote the number k-regular partitions of n. We prove for half of all primes p and any t≥1 that there exist p−1 arithmetic progressions modulo p2t such that bk(n) is a multiple of 5 for each n in one of these progressions.
EFFECT OF DIETARY COMPONENTS AND SURFACE APPLICATION OF OLEORESIN ROSEMARY ON LIPID STABILITY OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) MUSCLE DURING REFRIGERATED AND FROZEN STORAGE

The effect of dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol and surface application of oleoresin rosemary on the lipid stability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle during refrigerated storage (4C) and frozen storage (−20C) for 8 days and 6 months, respectively, was investigated. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in α-tocopherol concentrations in muscle tissue during frozen storage was observed. The 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of muscle samples, with or without surface application of oleoresin rosemary, increased during storage for all dietary groups. A significant (P < 0.05) interaction between dietary treatments and the time of storage was observed. Muscle tissue from fish receiving a dietary supplement of 500 mg/kg diet had the lowest TBARS values. The oxidative stability of the lipids was further improved by applying oleoresin rosemary to the surface of the fish fillets.
Price expectations, ore quality selection, and the supply of a nonrenewable resource

Abstract Economic models of depletion imply that the present value price of a resource and the quality of extracted ore should be directly related. The empirical evidence is that, in the short run, the average quality of extracted ore and, in some cases, metal output decline in response to a price increase. This paper examines a model of extraction with heterogeneous ore quality within a deposit and revised price expectations in which this seemingly paradoxical supply response is rationalized as the outcome of ore quality selection which maximizes the present value of the mine.
Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Timely Neurobiological Research

ABSTRACT Objective To review timely research on childhood-onset schizophrenia in view of advances in biological research on, and neurodevelopmental theories of, the later-onset disorder. Method Research issues are outlined including further clarification of ICD- and DSM -defined childhood schizophrenia, and differentiation from autism "spectrum" and other subtle, chronic developmental disorders. Key neurobiological advances are reviewed for which child studies are relevant and feasible. Conclusion : It is anticipated that narrowly defined childhood-onset schizophrenics will constitute a predominately male population. A high rate of family illness or chromosomal and/or brain developmental abnormalities, which will be instructive regarding the pathophysiology of later-onset schizophrenia, is expected.
Profiling of measles-specific humoral immunity in individuals following two doses of MMR vaccine using proteome microarrays.

Introduction: Comprehensive evaluation of measles-specific humoral immunity after vaccination is important for determining new and/or additional correlates of vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Methods: We used a novel proteome microarray technology and statistical modeling to identify factors and models associated with measles-specific functional protective immunity in 150 measles vaccine recipients representing the extremes of neutralizing antibody response after two vaccine doses. Results: Our findings demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies directed to the measles virus (MV) phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), as well as antibodies to the large polymerase (L) protein (fragment 1234 to 1900 AA). Antibodies to these proteins, in addition to anti-F antibodies (and, to a lesser extent, anti-H antibodies), were correlated with neutralizing antibody titer and/or were associated with and predictive of neutralizing antibody response. Conclusion: Our results identify antibodies to specific measles virus proteins and statistical models for monitoring and assessment of measles-specific functional protective immunity in vaccinated individuals.
Management of Pediatric Patients with Synovial Fluid White Blood-Cell Counts of 25,000 to 75,000 Cells/mm3 After Aspiration of the Hip

Background: In this study, we sought to elucidate the presentation, clinical course, treatments pursued, final diagnosis, and risk factors for septic arthritis in a series of children with hip pain and intermediate synovial fluid values (white blood-cell [WBC] counts of 25,000 to 75,000 cells/mm3 [25 to 75 × 109 cells/L]). Methods: We reviewed the records of pediatric patients who underwent hip aspiration between 2005 and 2012 at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. Demographic data, laboratory values, final diagnosis, and treatment details were recorded for the subpopulation of patients with an aspirate WBC count of 25,000 to 75,000 cells/mm3 (25 to 75 × 109 cells/L). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for septic arthritis of the hip across final diagnostic groups and subgroups with WBC values of <50,000 and ≥50,000 cells/mm3 (<50 and ≥50 × 109 cells/L). Results: Forty-six children (twenty-seven males and nineteen females) with a mean age of 7.6 years met the inclusion criteria. The final diagnoses were septic arthritis of the hip (n = 15; 33%), Lyme arthritis (n = 13; 28%), transient synovitis (n = 8; 17%), and other findings (n = 10; 22%). Subjects with a synovial fluid WBC count of ≥50,000 cells/mm3 (≥50 × 109 cells/L) were more likely to be diagnosed with septic arthritis of the hip (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 16.9; p = 0.03). While septic arthritis of the hip was the most common diagnosis (48%) in patients with WBC values of ≥50,000 cells/mm3 (≥50 × 109 cells/L), it also represented 17% of cases with WBC values of <50,000 cells/mm3 (<50 × 109 cells/L). Conclusions: Septic arthritis of the hip is the most common ultimate diagnosis in children with synovial fluid WBC values of 25,000 to 75,000 cells/mm3 (25 to 75 × 109 cells/L) following hip aspiration, and it should be high on the differential diagnosis, even in cases with synovial fluid WBC values of <50,000 cells/mm3 (<50 × 109 cells/L). Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Visualization of random sequences using the chaos game algorithm

Abstract A graphical technique using iterated function systems is used to examine random number generators by visually looking for patterns in the data generated. This simple graphical technique, which may be implemented and used on a PC, can complement more conventional statistically-oriented methods to find non-randomness within “pseudo-random” data sets.
Propeller rotation of aryl groups in triarylsilanes and triarylstannanes

Rotation of aryl groups was studied in eight systems with the general structure Ar3MX by changes in lineshapes as a function of temperature. Steric constraints were varied at each of the structural components (Ar, M, X). The barrier to rotation decreased as the central atom was changed from carbon to silicon to tin. When the substituent X was large (allyl or Cl), buttressing by the meta methyls in duryl raised the barrier. For X = H, however, buttressing decreased the barrier. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implant location and radiotherapy are the only factors linked to 2-year implant failure.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Impact of local and systemic factors on the incidence of late oral implant loss. Alsaadi G, Quirynen M, Komarek A, van Steenberghe D. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008;19(7):670-6. Reviewer Alan B. Carr, DMD, MS Purpose/Question The aim of this retrospective chart review study was to assess implant failure between the time of abutment connection and 2 years (termed “late implant failure”) as influenced by a variety of systemic and local factors. Source of Funding Information not available. Type of Study/Design Retrospective case series. Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
The shape of propagating stripe domains

Straight isolated stripe domains pinned at both ends are stable in a range of bias field from bubble stripout threshold to 4πMs, exceeding the bubble stability range at the high‐field end. This makes it possible to use such domains in the guiding structures of self‐structured multilayered bubble domain devices. When such domains are propagated by translating their pinned ends, they assume a curved shape determined by the balance of the domain walls’ surface tension and the viscous and inertial forces due to coercivity, dynamic damping, and effective wall mass. The wall curvature restricts the ’’track width’’ of self‐structured devices using guiding stripe domains. This bound has been estimated, assuming circular deformation, in the quasi‐static limit where coercivity is dominant. We have calculated the shape of a uniformly propagating stripe domain as a function of bias field, propagation velocity, coercivity, and damping parameter. The results of the calculation can be used to estimate maximum device tra...