cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Character centered leadership: Muhammad (p) as an ethical role model for CEOs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the leadership style of Muhammad (p) within a character‐centric framework as a useful alternative to the transactional, self‐centered model and the value‐neutral transformational approach that currently permeate business management. The author differentiates such perspectives from the character‐centered, moral approach to leadership suggested by the Qur’an and modeled by Muhammad (p), and proposes that this approach may be of practical use to CEOs.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual, comparative discussion of Muhammad's leadership style based on the primary Islamic sources is shown to have practical implications for the leadership process in management.Findings – The current malaise in business leadership can be resolved by a new focus on character and on virtues.Practical implications – The character‐centered, moral approach of Muhammad provides exemplars of virtues and behaviors that, if emulated by CEOs, may help pre‐empt potentially self‐serving...
Costs and Unreliability Minimization of Transmission System Shield Wires

The purpose of this investigation is to improve the efficiency of the transmission lines by minimizing the current flowing through the shield wires which are utilized along the phase wires to protect them from lightning. The result of this investigation is presented by computation of currents coupled into the shield wires from balanced current flows in parallel three phase circuits and a computation of current flow in the shield wires during short circuit condition when the shield wires become a part of the ground return circuit. A computer package that evaluates the shield wire current for balanced three phase circuits is developed. Results for a specific vertically configured transmission system art presented in this paper.
Effect of thyroid activity on brain function and brain electrolyte distribution in rats.

THE relationship between thyroid activity and brain function has long been recognized. Adequate thyroid secretion is necessary for normal differentiation of the nervous system. Athyreosis in children results in marked mental retardation, and hypothyroidism in adults is characterized by mental sluggishness. On the other hand, patients with hyperthyroidism show symptoms of increased excitability of the nervous system. Similarly, thyroidectomy, hypothyroidism and thyroxine administration produce predictable alterations in brain excitability in laboratory animals. Because of space limitations, the numerous publications concerned with the influence of the thyroid gland on the central nervous system will not be discussed here; the reader is referred to recent articles on the subject (Woodbury et al, 1952; Domino and Minz, 1953; Woodbury, 1954; Condon et al, 1954). In view of the practical importance of neurological symptoms in thyroid diseases and because of the frequent use of thyroid hormone in therapy, it wa...
National Shortages of Antimicrobial Agents: Results of 2 Surveys from the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network

In November 1999 and August 2000, the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network (EIN) surveyed its members about shortages of antimicrobial agents in their hospitals and medical centers. Almost 90% of the members had encountered shortages of 1 or more agents in 1999. Of 496 respondents, 382 (77%) reported diminished supplies of penicillin G. Other agents in short supply included meropenem (38%), ticarcillin with or without clavulanate (24%), cefazolin (20%), gentamicin (50%), and nafcillin-oxacillin (13%). In 2000, 291 (60%) of 485 respondents reported shortages of penicillin G, but significantly fewer members had experienced a lack of other agents. In both surveys, members indicated that shortages had affected numerous therapeutic indications. In 1999, members estimated that shortages had affected thousands of patients. In 2000, they estimated that fewer patients were affected. The results of these 2 EIN surveys raise questions about the forces that govern the availability of these valuable therapeutic resources.
Vascular reactivity in the patient with essential hypertension and hypertension of renal origin

Abstract 1. 1. It has been demonstrated that vascular reactivity of the blood vessels of digital skin and forearm muscle to such vasoactive substances as 1-norepinephrine or angiotensin II is increased in primary hypertension. This is best demonstrated after blockade of casual sympathetic nervous activity. In forearm muscle intraarterial infusion is necessary to avoid general reflex effects. In the digit, however, the effect can be demonstrated during the infusion of the vasoactive substance intravenously. 2. 2. Although structural changes occur in primary hypertension, these are probably not responsible for the increased reactivity. Reactivity is normal or only slightly elevated, for example, in renal hypertension and in Raynaud's disease in which structural changes in the digital vessels are known to be present. 3. 3. Also, reactivity is increased by glucocorticosteroids in the normotensive but not in the primary hypertensive subject, whereas aldosterone increases reactivity more in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subject. Reactivity is decreased, moreover, by chlorothiazide and its congeners in the primary hypertensive but increased by these drugs, at least in the digit, in the normotensive subject. Increased reactivity, moreover, develops very early in the course of primary hypertension and can be demonstrated in the children of hypertensive patients prior to any elevation of blood pressure. 4. 4. These phenomena therefore probably have a chemical cause the exact nature of which is unclear. A decrease in the turnover of angiotensin II has been demonstrated in primary hypertension, but no such change has as yet been indicated for norepinephrine. Evaluation of the binding and metabolism of these substances in hypertension is necessary. The chemical defect may reside here or in smooth muscle metabolism itself and is probably the factor which is transmitted through the germ plasm and which initiates essential hypertension.
Implementing fuzzy constraints in a programming environment

The central focus of this work is the investigation of the use of mathematical programming methods as a tool for implementing the reasoning (inference) in fuzzy logics. Since the general paradigm for reasoning in fuzzy logic is based upon the satisfaction of a conjunction of propositions represented as fuzzy (elastic) constraints, mathematical programming appears to provide a natural framework to implement this reasoning process. A central concern here is the issue of tractability of knowledge representation in the MP domain. In particular, while fuzzy logic provides a large collection of tools for translating natural language propositions into fuzzy constraints, these constraints may be highly nonlinear. The author is interested in providing these fuzzy constraints in a manner amenable to representation and solution by available MP codes. The author calls this the problem of knowledge representation in the MP domain. >
Nutritional factors and hypospadias risks.

Carmichael SL, Ma C, Feldkamp ML, Munger RG, Olney RS, Botto LD, Shaw GM, Correa A. Nutritional factors and hypospadias risks. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; ••: ••–••. Background: We examined whether hypospadias was associated with several aspects of the diet, including intake of animal products, intake of several nutrients and food groups related to a vegetarian diet and oestrogen metabolism, and diet quality. Methods: The study included deliveries from 1997 to 2005 that were part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire during maternal telephone interviews, and two diet quality indices were developed based on existing indices. Analyses included 1250 cases with second- or third-degree hypospadias (urethra opened at the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum) and 3118 male, liveborn, non-malformed controls. All odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were estimated from logistic regression models that included several potential confounders, including energy intake. Results: Intake of animal products was not associated with hypospadias; for example, the adjusted OR for any vs. no intake of meat was 1.0 [95% CI 0.6, 1.6]. Frequency of intake of meat or other animal products was also not associated with hypospadias, nor was intake of iron or several nutrients that are potentially related to oestrogen metabolism. Diet quality was also not associated with hypospadias; the OR for diet quality in the highest vs. lowest quartile for the two diet quality indices were 1.0 [95% CI 0.6, 1.6] and 0.9 [95% CI 0.7, 1.1]. Conclusion: This large study does not support an association of a vegetarian diet or worse diet quality with hypospadias.
The Case of Felix: An Example of Gay-Affirmative, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Felix, a Gay Latino man, presented with anxiety and panic attacks, which were addressed as symptoms of minority stress and self-stigma. The client’s panic attacks were eliminated and anxiety was reduced by cognitive-behavioral therapy that targeted his concealment of his sexual orientation and that increased his active coping. By facing his fears of the negative impact of self-disclosure of his sexual orientation, Felix improved his mental health and relationships with others. A four-month follow-up interview is described.
Similarities in affect, perceived stress, and weight concerns between Black and White women who quit smoking during pregnancy

Mood and weight concerns may relate to postpartum smoking, and racial differences in these concerns may be important in developing interventions to prevent postpartum relapse. We compared differences in the smoking patterns, mood, and weight concerns of Black and White women who quit smoking during pregnancy (N=174). In univariate comparisons, there were no consistent differences in nicotine dependence, smoking history, or motivation to remain abstinent postpartum. Moreover, although there were univariate differences in negative affect, smoking for weight control, and eating disinhibition, after controlling for differences in income and educational background between Black and White women, these differences in mood and weight concerns were no longer significant. In our sample of pregnant women who had quit smoking, Black and White women did not differ in mood and weight concerns, two potentially modifiable variables that may affect smoking postpartum relapse.
Development of artificial salivas.

Salivary research is at a critical crossroads regarding the clinical application of basic knowledge. Studies by numerous salivary researchers over the last 5 years using advanced technologies (e.g., protein chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics) have demonstrated that the structural requirements for salivary function are quite complex. Nevertheless, several patterns or principles have evolved. First, the majority if not all salivary molecules are multifunctional. Second, the conformation of a molecule is an important factor in biological activity. Third, many molecules have overlapping functions (e.g., mucins and amylase interact with viridans streptococci; statherin and proline-rich proteins are involved in mineralization). Thus, saliva has "built-in" compensatory or redundant properties. Nevertheless, it must be determined which molecule is more potent or effective with respect to a particular function. Fourth, salivary molecules may be "amphifunctional". In other words, the different functions o...
PARED: a framework for the adaptive solution of PDEs

Describes our experience using PARED, an object-oriented system for the adaptive solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) in a distributed computing environment. PARED handles selective mesh refinement and coarsening, mesh repartitioning for load balancing and interprocessor mesh migration. PARED is an object-oriented system that runs on distributed memory parallel computers such as the IBM SP and networks of workstations. In this paper, we report on the use of PARED to solve 2D and 3D PDEs. We show that our object-oriented technology provides great flexibility with a small overhead to support the highly desirable adaptive features of PARED.
Using life course theory to frame women and girls' trajectories toward (or away) from computing: Pre high-school through college years

In this study, life course theory was used to synthesize research on women's underrepresentation in computing across 4 stages of their academic trajectory: pre high-school, high-school, college recruitment, and college retention. The Association for Computing Machinery and IEEE Explore databases, as well as select journals that publish on women in computing, were searched for relevant work. The synthesis reveals issues of use and access at early ages; several efforts at interventions at the pre high-school and high-school stage; the influence of stereotypical images of computing at the college recruitment stage; and exclusionary behavior and women's computing self efficacy as important issues at the retention stage. Similarities and differences across these stages are discussed, and recommendations are made for future work based on the synthesis and life course framework.
Deep imaging of bone marrow shows non-dividing stem cells are mainly perisinusoidal

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a perivascular niche but the specific location of this niche remains controversial. HSCs are rare and few can be found in thin tissue sections or upon live imaging, making it difficult to comprehensively localize dividing and non-dividing HSCs. Here, using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in for the gene Ctnnal1 in mice (hereafter denoted as α-catulin(GFP)), we discover that α-catulin(GFP) is expressed by only 0.02% of bone marrow haematopoietic cells, including almost all HSCs. We find that approximately 30% of α-catulin-GFP(+)c-kit(+) cells give long-term multilineage reconstitution of irradiated mice, indicating that α-catulin-GFP(+)c-kit(+) cells are comparable in HSC purity to cells obtained using the best markers currently available. We optically cleared the bone marrow to perform deep confocal imaging, allowing us to image thousands of α-catulin-GFP(+)c-kit(+) cells and to digitally reconstruct large segments of bone marrow. The distribution of α-catulin-GFP(+)c-kit(+) cells indicated that HSCs were more common in central marrow than near bone surfaces, and in the diaphysis relative to the metaphysis. Nearly all HSCs contacted leptin receptor positive (Lepr(+)) and Cxcl12(high) niche cells, and approximately 85% of HSCs were within 10 μm of a sinusoidal blood vessel. Most HSCs, both dividing (Ki-67(+)) and non-dividing (Ki-67(-)), were distant from arterioles, transition zone vessels, and bone surfaces. Dividing and non-dividing HSCs thus reside mainly in perisinusoidal niches with Lepr(+)Cxcl12(high) cells throughout the bone marrow.
The Breeding of Hevea Brasiliensis

Abstract The intrinsic yield of Hevea brasiliensis has been more than tripled over the past thirty-five years largely by the efforts of plant breeders. While it is not to be expected that progress will be as rapid over the next thirty-five years, yet the end is not in sight, and indeed new horizons are opening up. Coupled with the improvements made in other aspects of rubber culture, the industry is now in an excellent position to maintain its competitive status in world markets, and thus to contribute to the prosperity and economic stability of the tropical countries whose fortunes are so closely bound to it.
Reference and Resemblance in the Seventeenth-Century Literary Portrait

Sur la tension entre realite (referentialite) et fiction (ressemblance) dans les portraits litteraires de Mme de Scudery, Mme de Montpensier, La Bruyere
Auction Revenue in the General Spiteful-Utility Model

It is well accepted that, in some auctions, a player's "true utility" may depend not only on the price he pays and whether or not he wins the good, but also on various forms of externalities, such as the prices paid by his competitors, and the identity and true value of the actual winner.In this work, we study revenue generation in single-good auctions under a very general model of externalities: the General Spiteful-Utility Model. Specifically, we Put forward new revenue benchmarks and solution concepts;Design new mechanisms when some information about the players' externalities is known; andAnalyze the revenue of the second-price mechanism when only the players have information about each other.
Group therapy as a social context for aphasia recovery: a pilot, observational study in an acute rehabilitation hospital

Background: Individuals with aphasia often receive therapy from a speech-language pathologist during acute rehabilitation. The literature demonstrates that group-based therapy provides a natural, social environment for language rehabilitation in mild-moderate and/or chronic aphasia; however, the communication of persons with acute, severe non-fluent aphasia during group treatment has not been fully explored.Objective: This observational study investigated patient communication during acute rehabilitation. The primary objective was to determine whether participants initiate more communication during group therapy sessions when compared to individual therapy sessions.Method: Ten participants with severe non-fluent aphasia were observed during one individual and one group session during their stay in an acute, inpatient rehabilitation facility. Communicative initiations were tallied and categorized based on type, target, and purpose.Results: Participants initiated communication more often during group sessio...
A Plea for an Adequate Color Standard

Until the appearance of Ridgway's color standards in 1912 descriptions of mammalian coloration were rather vague affairs at best. That work, however, gave to taxonomists a tool that, though it has its shortcomings, provided a widely available reference for stability in color nomenclature/Though the book has been long out of print it is still the accepted standard. Anyone who has undertaken to prepare a type description, however, will agree that oftentimes a specimen is seen that has not even a close counterpart in Ridgway. The roundness of a study skin, with its attendant modifying effect on reflected color also contributes to the at times frustrating difficulty in color matching. These facts, of course, are nothing new, and have been repeated in several papers in past years. I thought I had solved this problem, in part, at least, by viewing the color plate and skin under low power of a binocular microscope, with the focus set so that both were visible only as contiguous fields of homogeneous colors, neither being in focus (Davis, 1956). This achieved, I thought, close to the ultimate in comparison, since, by eliminating texture, the colors alone could be considered. Unfortunately there was no color in Ridgway really close to the specimen to be described. Comparison, both under magnification and with the naked eye, of specimens seen by Jackson (1928) and his Ridgway notations were characterized by …
The Rising of Central China and the Strategic Choice of Agricultural Development in Central China

The strategic position of agriculture in the rising of Central China is not engine or the major developmental goal but the basis of economic rising.Therefore,the agricultural development in Central China should be guided by making full use of the favorable conditions,seeking supports from other economic fields,strengthening the commercial development of regional specialty agriculture,and developing the labor-intensive agriculture.In addition,the distribution of agriculture should be divided into three sections,i.e.national food security strategy agriculture,commercial agriculture with regional features,and labor-intensive modern agriculture,and every section should have its own focus.To support the agricultural development of Central China,the government should carry out the system innovation in the fields such as the mechanism of food production compensation and interest co-ordination,pattern of financial and banking support for agriculture,mode of organizing operation,and industrialization of agriculture.
Retrosplenial Cortex Is Required for the Retrieval of Remote Memory for Auditory Cues.

The restrosplenial cortex (RSC) has a well-established role in contextual and spatial learning and memory, consistent with its known connectivity with visuo-spatial association areas. In contrast, RSC appears to have little involvement with delay fear conditioning to an auditory cue. However, all previous studies have examined the contribution of the RSC to recently acquired auditory fear memories. Since neocortical regions have been implicated in the permanent storage of remote memories, we examined the contribution of the RSC to remotely acquired auditory fear memories. In Experiment 1, retrieval of a remotely acquired auditory fear memory was impaired when permanent lesions (either electrolytic or neurotoxic) were made several weeks after initial conditioning. In Experiment 2, using a chemogenetic approach, we observed impairments in the retrieval of remote memory for an auditory cue when the RSC was temporarily inactivated during testing. In Experiment 3, after injection of a retrograde tracer into the RSC, we observed labeled cells in primary and secondary auditory cortices, as well as the claustrum, indicating that the RSC receives direct projections from auditory regions. Overall our results indicate the RSC has a critical role in the retrieval of remotely acquired auditory fear memories, and we suggest this is related to the quality of the memory, with less precise memories being RSC dependent.
Impact of resident research publication on early-career publication success

Purpose The impact of resident research publication on early-career publication success is evaluated. Methods This study included a retrospective cohort of pharmacy residents’ abstracts presented at the Great Lakes Pharmacy Resident Conference (GLPRC). Published residency research projects at GLPRC ( n = 76) were matched 1:1 to unpublished projects. Residents were followed forward for five years to identify early-career publications (postresidency publication positive) versus no publications (postresidency publication negative). The following characteristics of postresidency publication-positive and publication-negative residents were compared: publication of residency project, university-affiliated residencies, median number and interquartile range of coinvestigators, presence of a physician coinvestigator, highest nonphysician H-index of coinvestigators, and nonphysician H-index of ≥1 for any coinvestigator (indicating that a coinvestigator has previously published and been cited). Results A total of 152 abstracts were reviewed (76 published and 76 unpublished projects). Using a predefined systematic search strategy, 55 former residents had a postresidency publication within five years after presenting their project at the GLPRC. Of the former residents who published their residency project, 38 (50%) were postresidency publication positive, while 17 former residents (22.4%) who did not publish resident research projects were postresidency publication positive. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that publication of the pharmacy resident research project and a university-affiliated residency program was positively associated with postresidency publication success. Conclusion Pharmacy residents who published their residency research project after its presentation at the GLPRC were twice as likely to have publication success within five years compared with residents who did not publish their residency research project. A university-affiliated residency was associated with postresidency publication success within five years after project presentation.
Prolotherapy in whiplash and low back pain.

Relaxation of ligaments and tendons occurs when fibers do not regain their normal tensile strength after having been sprained or torn. This condition causes more chronic whiplash and low back pain, more referred pain and more sciatica than does any other entity.Diagnosis may be confirmed by intraligamentous injection of a local anesthetic solution.An incompetent structure may be rehabilitated by intraligamentous injection of a proliferating solution which stimulates the production both of new bone and of fibrous tissue cells.
Multiperiod IP-over-elastic network reconfiguration with adaptive bandwidth resizing and modulation

Elastic optical networks (EONs) represent a promising network architecture that accommodates a wide variety of traffic demands in the optical layer. Thanks to the functionality of bandwidth flexibility of elastic optical paths, we can now accommodate IP traffic directly into the optical layer by configuring, for example, the modulation format and subcarrier counts to client demands (optical path demands). At the same time, to accommodate temporally and geographically changing IP traffic demands efficiently in optical networks, cooperation between the IP and optical layers is essential. This paper proposes a multilayer network reconfiguration algorithm that supports periodically changing IP traffic patterns. We incorporate two schemes, which make IP over EONs more flexible, into the heuristic iterative multilayer network reconfiguration algorithm (IMNR). The first scheme involves bandwidth resizing achieved through subcarrier expansion and reduction, and the second employs energy-efficient adaptive modulation according to the data rate and distance of the client demands. We evaluated the impact of the following on energy efficiency: the IMNR algorithm, the proposed adaptive bandwidth resizing and modulation schemes, and some multicarrier-based transponder architectures including bandwidth-variable transponder (BVT) and sliceable BVT (SBVT). The evaluation results show that the IMNR algorithm with the proposed schemes significantly reduces the energy consumption compared with traditional network planning schemes and equipment.
Building and Implementing a Security Certification and Accreditation Program : OFFICIAL (ISC)2 GUIDE to the CAPcm CBK

� Building and Implementing a Security Certification and Accreditation Program: Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CAP CBK demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of certification and accreditation (C&A) as a risk management methodology for IT systems in both public and private organizations. It provides security professiona
Conformational Model of Signal Transduction in the Transmembrane Region of the AT-1 Receptor

A plausible molecular model of signal transduction in G-protein coupled receptors suggests transfer of conformational perturbations across the membrane by interactions between residues in the transmembrane (TM) region of the receptor. Nineteen residues in the TM region of the AT-1 receptor have been found to be involved in signal transduction, namely F77, L78, S107, F110, N111, L112, S115, L118, L143, P162, I193, L195, T198, I245, W253, V254, H256, Y292 and N294. However, these residues do not form a 3D pathway of contacts connecting the extracellular and intracellular parts of the AT-1 receptor. This study presents results of 3D modeling for the TM helical bundles of the AT-1 receptor and its mutants that allow identification of additional residues involved in signal transduction in AT-1 receptors.
Soft lithography and microfabrication

Miniaturization is a central theme in technology. As the computer industry knows, smaller microelectronic devices have made computers faster, cheaper and more portable. These advances in microelectronics have also spawned a huge variety of other tiny devices. For example, micro-electro-mechanical systems are now being used in medicine as disposable blood-pressure sensors, and in the automotive industry as tiny accelerometers in airbags that protect drivers in crashes.
Combination of cancer preventive Celecoxib derivatives with cell cycle specific drugs enhances therapeutic responses in human oral cancer cell lines.

B84 Combination of compounds targeting specific signaling pathways regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis may greatly enhance therapeutic responses in cancer prevention. We have shown that treating premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cell lines with non-COX-inhibitory Celecoxib derivatives delays the progression of cells through the early S phase. We hypothesize that these agents would sensitize cells to S/G2 specific drugs, greatly enhancing the responses to cancer prevention and therapeutic agents. To test this hypothesis, premalignant and malignant human oral cell lines were treated with the Celecoxib derivative, OSU02067, for 12 hr, followed by etoposide, a S/G2 specific drug, for 24hr. Flow cytometry indicated the accumulation of cells in the S phase following OSU02067 treatment. Cytotoxicity assays showed that the combination of these compounds synergistically increased the efficacy over single drug treatments. There was a significantly enhancement in apoptosis as indicated by caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage. Reversing the combination sequence, i.e., etoposide followed by OSU02067, or adding them together, produced an antagonistic affect. These results suggest that the sequential combinations of celecoxib derivative, synchronizing cells in early S phase of the cell cycle followed by etoposide, targeting late S/G2 can produce synergistic effects on suppressing oral cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis. This may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer prevention and treatment. Supported by NCI R01-109012.
Systematic Review of Medical Informatics-Supported Medication Decision Making.

This systematic review sought to assess the applications and implications of current medical informatics–based decision support systems related to medication prescribing and use. Studies published between January 2006 and July 2016 which were indexed in PubMed and written in English were reviewed, and 39 studies were ultimately included. Most of the studies looked at computerized provider order entry or clinical decision support systems. Most studies examined decision support systems as a means of reducing errors or risk, particularly associated with medication prescribing, whereas a few studies evaluated the impact medical informatics–based decision support systems have on workflow or operations efficiency. Most studies identified benefits associated with decision support systems, but some indicate there is room for improvement.
Hepatitis screening and management before rituximab administration.

e17747 Background: Rituximab therapy is associated with hepatitis B and, possibly, hepatitis C reactivation. Multiple guidelines recommend hepatitis B screening of patients being considered for ant...
Radar absorption, basal reflection, thickness and polarization measurements from the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Author(s): Hanson, JC; Barwick, SW; Berg, EC; Besson, DZ; Duffin, TJ; Klein, SR; Kleinfelder, SA; Reed, C; Roumi, M; Stezelberger, T; Tatar, J; Walker, JA; Zou, L | Abstract: Radio-glaciological parameters from the Moore's Bay region of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, have been measured. The thickness of the ice shelf in Moore's Bay was measured from reflection times of radio-frequency pulses propagating vertically through the shelf and reflecting from the ocean, and is found to be 576± 8m. Introducing a baseline of 543 ±7m between radio transmitter and receiver allowed the computation of the basal reflection coefficient, R, separately from englacial loss. The depth-averaged attenuation length of the ice column, 〈L〉 is shown to depend linearly on frequency. The best fit (95% confidence level) is 〈L(v)〉 = (460± 20)-(180±40)vm (20 dB km-1), for the frequencies v = [0.100-0.850] GHz, assuming no reflection loss. The mean electric-field reflection coefficient is √R = 0.82 ±0.07 (1.7dB reflection loss) across [0.100-0.850] GHz, and is used to correct the attenuation length. Finally, the reflected power rotated into the orthogonal antenna polarization is l5% below 0.400 GHz, compatible with air propagation. The results imply that Moore's Bay serves as an appropriate medium for the ARIANNA high-energy neutrino detector.
Use of a crossed high alcohol preferring (cHAP) mouse model with the NIAAA-model of chronic-binge ethanol intake to study liver injury.

Aims This study sought to compare mice bred to preferentially consume high amounts of alcohol (crossed-high alcohol preferring, cHAP) to c57BL/6 (C57) mice using a chronic-binge ethanol ingestion model to induce alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Methods Male C57 and cHAP mice were randomized to a Lieber-DeCarli control (LDC) diet, Lieber-DeCarli 5% (v/v) ethanol (LDE) diet or free-choice between 10% (v/v) ethanol in drinking water (EtOH-DW) and DW. After 4 weeks mice were gavaged with either 9 g/kg maltose-dextrin (LDC+MD) or 5 g/kg EtOH (LDE+Binge, EtOH-DW+Binge). Nine hours later tissue and serum were collected and analyzed. Results cHAP mice on EtOH-DW consumed significantly more ethanol than cHAP or C57 mice maintained on LDE. However, cHAP and C57 mice on the LDE+Binge regiment had greater hepatosteatosis and overall degree of liver injury compared to EtOH-DW+Binge. Changes in pro-inflammatory gene expression was more pronounced in cHAP mice than C57 mice. Analysis of liver enzymes revealed a robust induction of CYP2E1 in C57 and cHAP mice maintained on EtOH-DW+Binge or LDE+Binge. However, while C57 mice exhibited higher basal hepatic glutathione than cHAP mice, these mice appeared more susceptible to oxidative stress following LDE+Binge than cHAP counterparts. Conclusions Despite cHAP mice consuming more total ethanol prior to gavage when maintained on EtOH-DW, LDE followed by gavage created a more severe model of ALD in both C57 and cHAP mice. These data suggest factors other than total amount of alcohol consumed affect degree of ALD development in the chronic-binge model in cHAP mice. Short Summary cHAP mice voluntarily consume high amounts of ethanol and exhibited hepatic injury when subject to chronic-binge ethanol feeding with the Lieber-DeCarli diet. However, hepatic injury was reduced in cHAP mice in a chronic-binge model following voluntary high ethanol consumption in drinking water.
Evidence of Diplopia in Children's Headache Drawings Helps to Differentiate Pseudotumor Cerebri From Migraine.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine whether children's headache drawings can distinguish between pseudotumor cerebri and migraine. Background Headache features associated with pseudotumor cerebri (pseudotumor; idiopathic intracranial hypertension) are nonspecific and are difficult to distinguish clinically from migraines. Children's headache drawings have a high predictive value for migraine versus nonmigraine headaches. We hypothesized that drawings could help to differentiate pediatric headaches due to pseudotumor cerebri from those associated with migraines. Methods Children aged six to 18 years old attending university hospital pediatric neurology clinics were asked to draw a picture of how their headache feels. From our database of children's headache drawings, pictures by children with clinically diagnosed pseudotumor were compared with migraine drawings. Results Headache drawings of 21 children (16 females) with pseudotumor were compared with those of 518 children with migraine. Pseudotumor drawings depicted a variety of symptoms including pounding pain (n = 11), pressure-like pain (n = 3), photophobia (3), dizziness (1), and recumbency (1). Severe pain indicators included hammers, bombs, anvil, and vise grip. Positive visual phenomena included scintillations, scotomata, or blurring (n = 8). Negative visual phenomena included field defects (n = 2). Pseudotumor drawings were similar to migraine drawings except that 6 of 21 pseudotumor drawings (28.6%) depicted diplopia (crossed eyes, double images), whereas only three of 518 migraine drawings (0.6%) depicted diplopia ( P Conclusions Diplopia was depicted in a significantly higher percentage of pseudotumor drawings than migraine drawings. In all other respects, headache drawings by children with pseudotumor cerebri were similar to those drawn by children with migraine.
Design Thinking In Pharmacy Education: Inspiring Creative Problem Solving in the Next Generation of Pharmacists.

Born from the world of product and service innovation, design thinking is gaining popularity as a method for introducing creative problem solving into the education of health professionals. Mindsets developed through practicing design thinking can help learners and educators address complex healthcare issues in a whole new way. This article aims to introduce the concepts of design thinking to the pharmacy educator, give examples of its use in pharmacy education, and discuss the value of including it in pharmacy education from both an educator and a student’s perspective. Topic: Commentary
Manipulation of the Superhydrophobicity of Plasma-Etched Polymer Nanostructures

The manipulation of droplet mobility on a nanotextured surface by oxygen plasma is demonstrated by modulating the modes of hydrophobic coatings and controlling the hierarchy of nanostructures. The spin-coating of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) allows for heterogeneous hydrophobization of the high-aspect-ratio nanostructures and provides the nanostructured surface with "sticky hydrophobicity", whereas the self-assembled monolayer coating of perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) results in homogeneous hydrophobization and "slippery superhydrophobicity". While the high droplet adhesion (stickiness) on a nanostructured surface with the spin-coating of PTFE is maintained, the droplet contact angle is enhanced by creating hierarchical nanostructures via the combination of oxygen plasma etching with laser interference lithography to achieve "sticky superhydrophobicity". Similarly, the droplet mobility on a slippery nanostructured surface with the self-assembled monolayer coating of FDTS is also enhanced by employing the hierarchical nanostructures to achieve "slippery superhydrophobicity" with modulated slipperiness.
“Environmental Isotope Geochemistry”: Past, Present and Future

A large number of radioactive and stable isotopes of the first 95 elements in the periodic table that occur in the environment have provided a tremendous wealth of information towards unraveling many secrets of our Earth and its environmental health. These isotopes, because of their suitable geochemical and nuclear properties, serve as tracers and chronometers to investigate a variety of topics that include chronology of rocks and minerals, reconstruction of sea-level changes, paleoclimates, and paleoenvironments, erosion and weathering rates of rocks and minerals, rock-water interactions, material transport within and between various reservoirs of earth, and magmatic processes. Isotopic data have also provided information on time scales of mixing processes in the oceans and atmosphere, as well as residence times of oceanic constituents and gases in the atmosphere.
Manual or History? Roberto Cipriani's Sociology of Religion

Roberto Cipriani's history of the sociology of religion begins with philosophical predecessors and works its way through the major writing of numerous nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars. It places a great deal of valuable information between two covers. One can argue with the way many of the authors are grouped together, however—something that can cause problems for students. And some important personages in the field, especially women who have made contributions, are omitted.
The Archived Web: Doing History in the Digital Age

Scholars endeavoring to do web history research need to appreciate the nature of the “archived web.” The archived web is not digital in the same way that other media are digital, and thus it has it...
Do the Hustle! Empowerment from Side-Hustles and Its Effects on Full-Time Work Performance

Side-hustles, income-generating work performed alongside full-time jobs, are increasingly common as the gig economy provides opportunities for employees to perform supplementary work. Although scho...
Short Course on Sustainable Polymers for High School Students

A two-week summer camp for high school students focused on sustainable polymers was developed and implemented. Students took part in experiments and interactive lessons that demonstrate polymer che...
Comparison of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and rapid decalcificier solution for studying human temporal bones by immunofluorescence.

Objectives The pervasiveness of hearing loss and the development of new potential therapeutic approaches have led to increased animal studies of the inner ear. However, translational relevance of such studies depends upon verification of protein localization data in human samples. Cadavers used for anatomical education provide a potential research resource, but are limiting due to difficulties in accessing sensory tissues from the dense temporal bones. This study seeks to reduce the often months-long process of decalcification and improve immunofluorescent staining of human cadaveric temporal bones for research use. Methods Temporal bones were decalcified in either (a) hydrochloric acid-containing RDO solution for 2 days followed by 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 to 5 additional days, or (b) 0.5 M EDTA alone for 2 to 4 weeks. Image-iT FX signal enhancer (ISE) was used to improve immunofluorescent signal-to-noise ratios. Results The data indicate that both methods speed decalcification and allow for immunolabeling of the extranuclear proteins neurofilament (heavy chain), myosin VIIa, oncomodulin and prestin. However, RDO decalcification was more likely to alter structural morphology of sensory tissues and hindered effective labeling of the nuclear proteins SRY-box transcription factor 2 and GATA binding protein 3. Conclusions Although both approaches allow for rapid decalcification, EDTA appears superior to RDO for preserving cytoarchitecture and immunogenicity. Level of evidence NA.
The Games We Play: Investigating Rivalry in Sport and Gaming Console Brands

The current study adds to the literature on rivalry and group member behavior by investigating the phenomenon in sport and electronic gaming. Comparisons were made regarding rival perceptions between fans of sport teams and people that participate in electronic gaming via Playstation or Xbox platforms. Results showed that fans of sport reported more positivity toward their favorite brands than did gamers, and were more negative of their rival teams than were gamers of their rival brands. Further, people who identified as both gamers and fans of sport were less negative toward their rival gaming brand. Finally, gamers using the Playstation platform were more negative toward Xbox than were Xbox users toward Playstation. Discussion focuses on implications and avenues for future inquiry.
Decay of an Isolated Vortex

This paper presents a short review of a program in progress at A.R.A.P. which is aimed at increasing our understanding of the decay of the trailing vortex systems behind aircraft. Although a number of mechanisms have been identified by which a vortex system may be dissipated, i.e., by shear, by the growth of disturbances due to mutual interference, and by vortex breakdown, we have confined ourselves in developing the present program to a study of the effect of turbulent shear on the decay of a single vortex. The ultimate aim of the program is the development of a method by which the effects of turbulence, whether introduced initially in the center of a vortex or contained in the fluid in which the vortex is formed, could be calculated.
Testing the Seddon Model of Information System Success in an E-Learning Context: Implications for Evaluating DSS

Evaluation of DSS is concerned with analyzing costs and benefits of DSS before and after DSS development and implementation. The unique nature of DSS evaluation is that although some DSS provide substantial cost savings and profit increases, measurements of benefits of DSS have been problematic as quantification of the positive impacts of the improved decision process is difficult. In the early 1990s, DeLone and McLean presented the information systems (IS) success model as a framework and model for conceptualizing and operationalizing IS (including DSS) success. The DM model is one of the widely recognized IS models based on a systematic review of 180 studies which investigated over 100 success measures. An important assumption of the DM model is that it is the model to explain IS success in a voluntary IS use context. Due to the results of many empirical research results which do not support the positive relationship between system use and other constructs, Seddon presents a respecified and extended version of DeLone and McLean’s model. We empirically tested the respecified version of the DM IS success model in an e-learning context, which is a strictly involuntary use setting. The paper provides an empirical evidence to support an alternative DSS evaluation model that can replace “system use” as the pivotal element of IS success model, with “perceived usefulness”.
The wandering commons: A conservation conundrum in the Dominican Republic

In contrast to the jeopardy caused to commonproperty regimes by conditions of open access, factorssuch as boundary ambiguity, shifts, and maintenancefailures are the causes of a different set of problemsin the Los Haitises National Park, a controversialprotected area in the Dominican Republic. Survey data,historical sources, and digital mapping informationoverlaying past boundary changes show that this areahas undergone two decades of design modifications inits perimeters. Despite a long history of communalownership in that country, there appears to be littlelikelihood of transforming this tradition into amodern common property regime of use to community andenvironment in the park‘s buffer zone. This is due, atleast in part, to its highly porous, constantlychanging boundary, a source of on-going, open-accessproblems among local cultivators peripheral to thepark.
The computation of equilibria

Ever since Nash’s existence theorem in 1951, the Nash equilibrium has been the standard solution concept in Game Theory, yet the issue of its computational complexity was resolved only recently by the proof that the problem is PPAD- complete [4], even in the two-player case [2]. In view of this result, research turned to several alternatives — an effect reminiscent of the reaction to NP-completeness in the 1970s: Approximation algorithms, special cases, and alternative equilibrium concepts.
Effect of Temperature on Tungsten Core SiC Monofilament

The thermal stability of a tungsten core SiC monofilament fiber is studied. Fibers subjected to thermal exposure for 1 h in air and in argon at temperatures over 800 C experienced up to a 41 percent loss of strength. Exposure at 400 and 600 C in air, however, resulted in a 33 percent and 25 percent increase in tensile strength, respectively. Additionally, exposure at 600 C in argon resulted in a 47 percent increase in strength. Heat treatment at 400-600 C appears to optimize the strength potential of this fiber. The presence of an SiO{sub 2} film is confirmed through scanning Auger spectroscopy. It is suggested that the presence of the silica layer formed under the heat treatment conditions of 1 h exposure in air or argon at temperatures between 400 and 600 C functions as a surface-healing film by blunting surface flaws. The result is enhanced fiber strength. 5 refs.