cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Crystalline Perylenediimide Acceptor Morphology on Optoelectronic Properties and Device Performance

The perylenediimide (PDI)-based molecules N,N-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraphenyl-PDI (3-pentyl), N,N-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraphenyl-PDI (3,7-DMO), N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraphenyl-PDI (2-EH), and N,N-bis(n-octyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraphenyl-PDI (n-octyl) are synthesized and investigated for photovoltaic response. Single-crystal X-ray structures reveal that these molecules crystallize in either herringbone or slip-stacked geometries and that the crystal packing morphology can be manipulated by changing the solubilizing alkyl substituents or the crystallization conditions. The herringbone structure is shown to result in limited electronic coupling between adjacent chromophores, while the slip-stacked geometry promotes strong coupling. In bulk-heterojunction blend films with the donor polymer poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PBDTT-FTTE), the herringbone accep...
Function conversion design of underground garage and civil air defense works of medical treatment and rescue during peacetime and wartime

This paper adopted the method of the function conversion design of the underground garage and the civil air defense works of medical treatment and rescue during peacetime and wartime in order to solve the problem of car parking for a hospital during peacetime as well as the performance of a civil air defense project.This is a new problem because the research for the conversion is characterized by the complexing of the conversion design,the great amount of work of the conversion and the limitation of conversion time at war.The paper put forward corresponding design comcepts and expected construction maps,all of which were put into engineering practice,Where the conversion design encountered difficuties.It needs the co-ordination of peacetime and wartime,repeated improvement and the possible decrease in the amount of work in wartime.In the meantime,it is assumed that the conversion work can be accomplished within the limited time of conversion under the conditions of a definite conversion engneering team,an engineering organization plan made in advance and well-prepared construction materials.
Atmospheric Dispersion - Observations and Models

Over the past two decades, substantial progress has occurred in our understanding of atmospheric turbulence and dispersion, both for the convective boundary layer (CBL) and for the stable boundary layer (SBL). This paper highlights the recent advances in dispersion following a brief review of early work.
SU-C-BRA-05: Delineating High-Dose Clinical Target Volumes for Head and Neck Tumors Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Purpose: To develop and test population-based machine learning algorithms for delineating high-dose clinical target volumes (CTVs) in H&N tumors. Automating and standardizing the contouring of CTVs can reduce both physician contouring time and inter-physician variability, which is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in H&N radiotherapy. Methods: Twenty-five node-negative patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were selected (6 right base of tongue, 11 left and 9 right tonsil). All patients had GTV and CTVs manually contoured by an experienced radiation oncologist prior to treatment. This contouring process, which is driven by anatomical, pathological, and patient specific information, typically results in non-uniform margin expansions about the GTV. Therefore, we tested two methods to delineate high-dose CTV given a manually-contoured GTV: (1) regression-support vector machines(SVM) and (2) classification-SVM. These models were trained and tested on each patient group using leave-one-out cross-validation. The volume difference(VD) and Dice similarity coefficient(DSC) between the manual and auto-contoured CTV were calculated to evaluate the results. Distances from GTV-to-CTV were computed about each patient’s GTV and these distances, in addition to distances from GTV to surrounding anatomy in the expansion direction, were utilized in the regression-SVM method. The classification-SVM method used categorical voxel-information (GTV, selected anatomical structures, else) from a 3×3×3cm3 ROI centered about the voxel to classify voxels as CTV. Results: Volumes for the auto-contoured CTVs ranged from 17.1 to 149.1cc and 17.4 to 151.9cc; the average(range) VD between manual and auto-contoured CTV were 0.93 (0.48–1.59) and 1.16(0.48–1.97); while average(range) DSC values were 0.75(0.59–0.88) and 0.74(0.59–0.81) for the regression-SVM and classification-SVM methods, respectively. Conclusion: We developed two novel machine learning methods to delineate high-dose CTV for H&N patients. Both methods showed promising results that hint to a solution to the standardization of the contouring process of clinical target volumes. Varian Medical Systems grant
Photoactivity, reversibility, and stability of a merocyanine-type photoacid in polymer films

Abstract Over the past years, merocyanine type photoacids have been used for the development of various visible-light responsive polymers and polymer sensors. However, the physicochemical behavior of this type of photoacid in polymers has not been studied previously. In this work, the photoactivity, reversibility, and stability of a merocyanine-type photoacid in polymer films are investigated. Polymer films doped with the photoacid were found to be stable under ambient conditions over half a year. Kinetics of the reaction is complicated for both the forward and backward process due to slow proton diffusion in the polymer. Improving proton transfer by addition of ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate enhances the reverse reaction rate. The photoacid-doped polymer showed good photostability upon a test of 100 cycles of irradiation and recovery in the dark.
Source and scatering effects on the spectra of small local earthquakes

Abstract In order to separate the scattering effect from the source effect on high-frequency seismic waves, the spectra of S and coda waves are studied simultaneously for 900 small earthquakes (magnitude 3 to 4) in the Kanto region, Japan. The observed S -wave spectrum is the source spectrum modified by the attenuation and forward-scattering effect, while the coda spectrum is the source spectrum modified by the attenuation and back-scattering effect. From previous studies (Aki, 1980a, b) on the same data set, we know about the attenuation effect. Comparing the S -wave spectrum with the coda spectrum, we find that our data are consistent with the source spectrum with corner frequencies 3 to 6 Hz, and high-frequency decay ω −1 to ω −2 , and support the hypothesis that scattering is the major cause of attenuation of S waves in the lithosphere, in which the small-scale Rayleigh scattering ( Q −1 ∝ f 3 ) applies to frequencies lower than 3 Hz and the large-scale scattering ( Q −1 ∝ f 0∼−1 ) to higher frequencies. The high-frequency decay of the source spectrum appears to be somewhat steeper for shallower earthquakes. We found that two areas with significantly different tectonic features shared similar attenuation and source effects, but showed very different envelopes of seismograms due to different forward-scattering effects. The forward-scattering effect may be the most sensitive to the structural difference.
Modeling the interactive mode of SmartPath

SmartPath is a highway system simulator. The program can be used to test, simulate, and evaluate the performance of the designs of different modules and instrumentations, such as engine models, sensors, and communications. The package consists of two separate modules: simulation and animation. The simulation runs on Sun Spare or Silicon Graphics workstations. The animation program, runs on Silicon Graphics workstations, and it produces a three-dimensional, color animation of AHS traffic. SmartPath could be used in two modes. In the batch mode, the simulator is run-first to generate data which could then be viewed using the animator. In the interactive mode, the simulator and animator run simultaneously allowing the user to control vehicle manoeuvres in real time. This feature allows the system to mix "manual" and "automated" vehicles and to test the robustness of the control algorithms. In this paper, we describe the modeling of basic elements of the interactive mode of SmartPath and the interfaces used to allow interactive control of vehicles. >
An experimental comparison study for bilateral internet-based teleoperation

This paper presents a detailed experimental comparison of several published algorithms for motion and force control of bilateral internet teleoperators. Different control techniques based on wave variables, smith predictors, and recent algorithms on synchronization are compared under variable time delays, packet losses and environmental disturbances. The experiments are performed using a pair of two-link direct drive arms equipped with force/torque sensors and connected in a master-slave configuration. Comparing different control schemes on the same physical hardware allows a detailed comparison of their respective performance.
Reconciling Theories for Human and Natural Attribution of Recent East Africa Drying

AbstractTwo theories for observed East Africa drying trends during March–May 1979–2013 are reconciled. Both hypothesize that variations in tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) caused East Africa drying. The first invokes a mainly human cause resulting from sensitivity to secular warming of Indo–western Pacific SSTs. The second invokes a mainly natural cause resulting from sensitivity to a strong articulation of ENSO-like Pacific decadal variability involving warming of the western Pacific and cooling of the central Pacific. Historical atmospheric model simulations indicate that observed SST variations contributed significantly to the East Africa drying trend during March–May 1979–2013. By contrast, historical coupled model simulations suggest that external radiative forcing alone, including the ocean’s response to that forcing, did not contribute significantly to East Africa drying. Recognizing that the observed SST variations involved a commingling of natural and anthropogenic effects, this study dia...
Spectrophotometric determination of water in lower alcohols

The reduction of iodate ion by iodide ion in the presence of acid in mixed alcohol-water solvents depends upon the amount of water present over a limited aqueous range. Absorbance values, measured at 360 nm, of tri-iodide ion formed from the reaction are quantitatively related to the volume percent water in ethanol and propanol from 3.0 to 7.0 % v/v water. Ten replicate samples each containing 5.0 % v/v water in ethanol gave a mean absorbance value of 0.334 with a standard deviation of ±0.013. The procedure is a simple and rapid alternative to Karl Fisher titration in measuring the water content of commercial, 95% v/v, ethanol.
Natural language processing pipeline for temporal information extraction and classification from free text eligibility criteria

Automation of information extraction from eligibility criteria will provide a breakthrough in effective utilization of information for patient search in clinical databases. A majority of eligibility criteria contain temporal information associated with medical conditions and events. This project creates a novel natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for extraction and classification of temporal information as historic, current and planned from free-text eligibility criteria. The pipeline uses pattern learning algorithms for extracting temporal information and trained Random Forest classifier for classification. The pipeline achieved an accuracy of 0.82 in temporal data detection and classification with an average precision of 0.83 and recall of 0.80 in temporal data classification.
Abstract A11: RB localizes to DNA double strand breaks and promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination through the recruitment of BRG1

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is widely recognized as a master regulator of the transcriptional program that controls entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Its loss, which is a hallmark of cancer, leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. RB works by binding to members of the E2F family of transcription factors and recruiting chromatin modifiers and remodelers to the promoters of E2F target genes. Here we show that RB also localizes to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) dependent on E2F1 and ATM kinase activity. RB promotes DNA end resection and DSB repair through homologous recombination (HR), and its loss results in genome instability. RB is necessary for the recruitment of the BRG1 ATPase to DSBs, which stimulates DNA end resection and HR. A knock-in mutation of the ATM phosphorylation site on E2F1 (S29A) prevents the interaction between E2F1 and TopBP1 and recruitment of RB, E2F1 and BRG1 to DSBs. This knock-in mutation also impairs DNA repair, increases genomic instability and renders mice hypersensitive to IR. Importantly, depletion of either RB or BRG1 in osteosarcoma and breast cancer cell lines results in sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, thus underscoring the importance of these factors in DNA repair. We uncover a novel, non-transcriptional function for RB in HR, which could contribute to genome instability associated with RB loss. Citation Format: Renier Velez-Cruz, Swarnalatha Manickavinayaham, Anup K. Biswas, Regina W. Clary, David G. Johnson. RB localizes to DNA double strand breaks and promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination through the recruitment of BRG1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr A11.
Defining disrespect and abuse of newborns: a review of the evidence and an expanded typology of respectful maternity care.

Amid increased attention to quality of obstetric care and respectful maternity care globally, insufficient focus has been given to quality of care and respectful care for newborns in the postnatal period. Especially in low and middle income countries, where low utilisation of obstetric and neonatal services is of concern, it is plausible that poor quality of care or mistreatment of newborns or stillborn infants will influence future care seeking, both for the health care needs of the growing infant and for subsequent pregnancies. Preliminary evidence indicates that mistreatment of newborns exists, both in the immediate and later postnatal periods. Definitions have been developed for instances of mistreatment of women during labour and delivery, but how newborns fit into the categorisations and critical questions around how to conceptualise dignified care for newborns have not been well addressed. The WHO recently published “Standards for improving quality of maternal and newborn care in health facilities”, which provides a series of clinical and experiential standards that health facilities should strive to provide for all patients. Presented here are a number of the experiential measures, as well as health system requirements, which could be further developed to encompass the explicit needs of newborns and stillborn infants, and their families. Specific WHO Standards that require more attention for newborns are those related to effective communication, informed consent and emotional support (including for bereaved families). Using seven categories previously developed for respectful maternity care generally, a literature review was conducted on mistreatment of newborns. The review revealed examples of mistreatment of newborns in six of the seven categories. Common occurrences were failure to meet a professional standard of care, stigma and discrimination, and health system constraints. Many instances of mistreatment of newborns related to neglect and non-consented care rather than outright physical or verbal abuse. Two additional categories were also identified for newborns related to legal accountability and bereavement care. More research is needed into the prevalence of disrespect, abuse, and stigmatisation of newborns and further discussions are needed about how to provide quality care for all patients, including the smallest and most vulnerable.
Perceived Flavored Smokeless Tobacco Ease-of-use and Youth Susceptibility.

Objectives Beliefs that flavored smokeless tobacco (ST) is more pleasant, less potent, or otherwise easier to use could contribute to youth initiation. We evaluated associations between perceived ease-of-use of flavored ST (moist snuff and chewing tobacco) and ST initiation susceptibility in a representative sample of US youth. Methods Among 7,718 tobacco never-users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (age: 12-17; collected: 2013-2014), we compared 4 ST susceptibility items (curiosity, expectation, willingness to try, and a composite) according to whether participants reported flavored ST to be "easier to use" than unflavored ST. We calculated marginal prevalences of ST susceptibility and odds ratios adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco advertisement receptivity, warning label exposure, and sensation seeking. Results ST susceptibility was greatest among tobacco never-users who perceived flavored ST as easier to use. Adjusted odds of potential ST susceptibility (≥1 item) were 1.5-fold higher (95% confidence interval: 1.2, 1.8) among adolescents who perceived flavored ST as easier to use than unflavored ST. Conclusions ST flavors could contribute to perceptions that facilitate youth initiation. Alternatively, youth susceptible to ST use may perceive flavored varieties differently. Prospective studies are warranted to strengthen causal evidence and measure ST initiation according to perceived ease-of-use.
Myosin light chain kinases

Calcium ions (Ca2+) has been recognized as an important component in muscle contraction and cell motility because it regulates a distinct class of protein kinases, myosin light chain kinases. Striated muscles, including cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues, have served as useful models for studying the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates contractile activity via actin-myosin interactions. Myosin and actin also play important roles in nonmuscle contractile functions. Troponin is not present in smooth muscle, and the regulation of actin-myosin interactions by Ca2+ is more complex. Different biochemical mechanisms have been proposed and may be differentiated into two general classes involving thick and thin filament regulatory processes, respectively. The general properties of myosin light chain kinase activation and myosin light chain phosphorylation are similar in skeletal and smooth cells. It is clear that myosin phosphorylation does not play a dominant or obligatory role in contraction of this muscle as it does in smooth muscle contraction.
Profiling Cybercriminals: Topic Model Clustering of Carding Forum Member Comment Histories

Cybercrime has become a growing business. The marketplaces for such businesses tend to be online forums. Much of the research on carding forums has been qualitative, but there have been quantitativ...
High-performance broadly-tunable THz quantum cascade laser sources based on intracavity difference-frequency mixing on silicon substrates (Conference Presentation)

We demonstrate that an application of a III-V-on-silicon hybrid concept to terahertz (THz) Cherenkov difference frequency generation (DFG) quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources (THz DFG-QCLs) can dramatically improve THz output power and mid-infrared-to-THz conversion efficiency. Completely processed THz DFG-QCLs grown on a InP substrate are transfer-printed onto a 1-mm-thick high-resistive Si substrate using a 100-nm-thick SU-8 as an adhesive layer. Room temperature device performance of the reference InP and hybrid Si THz DFG-QCLs of the same ridge width (22 µm) and cavity length (4.2 mm) have been experimentally compared. The target THz frequency of 3.5 THz is selected for both devices using the dual-period first order surface gratings to select the mid-infrared pump wavelength of 994 cm-1 and 1110 cm-1. At the maximum bias current, the reference InP and hybrid Si devices produced THz power of 50 µW and 270 µW, respectively. The mid-infrared-to-THz conversion efficiency corresponds to 60 µW/W2 and 480 µW/W2, respectively, resulting in 5 times higher THz power and 8 times higher conversion efficiency from the best-performing hybrid devices. A hybrid Si device integrated in a Littrow external-cavity setup showed wavelength tuning in the 1-6 THz range without THz beam steering.
Sweat mechanisms and dysfunctions in atopic dermatitis.

Abstract Skin barrier dysfunction is inherent to atopic dermatitis (AD), causing dryness, irritation, and increased permeability to irritants, allergens and pathogens. Eccrine sweat functions as part of the skin’s protective barrier. Variations in sweat responses have been observed in patients with AD, and altered sweat composition and dynamics are under-recognized as important factors in the disease cycle. This review discusses the role that sweat plays in the pathogenesis of AD, examines evidence on abnormal sweat composition, secretion, and neuro-immune responses to sweat in atopic skin, and highlights the value of sweat management.
Inferring type rules for syntactic sugar

Type systems and syntactic sugar are both valuable to programmers, but sometimes at odds. While sugar is a valuable mechanism for implementing realistic languages, the expansion process obscures program source structure. As a result, type errors can reference terms the programmers did not write (and even constructs they do not know), baffling them. The language developer must also manually construct type rules for the sugars, to give a typed account of the surface language. We address these problems by presenting a process for automatically reconstructing type rules for the surface language using rules for the core. We have implemented this theory, and show several interesting case studies.
Genetics and violence.

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief primer of the data and methods that have contributed to our understanding of the role genetics plays in the etiology of aggressive and violent behavior. Aggressive and violent behavior is a particularly difficult area of genetic investigation since it is caused by complex traits. As such, the transmission in families does not follow classic Mendelian inheritance patterns and it is presumed that a number of factors are potential contributors to the ultimate expression of a clinically observable phenotype. Examples from twin studies and candidate gene studies support the theory that genetic etiology plays a significant role in violence and aggression.
Bilingualism and Aphasia

Brain injury resulting in impaired abilities to use language (aphasia) affects individuals who speak one language (monolinguals) or multiple languages (bilinguals). This article discusses issues and considerations related to the association between the brain and multiple languages, how different languages may be affected as a result of brain injury, and how bilingual aphasia is assessed and rehabilitated. With the increasing population of people who are proficient in and use more than one language, the need to provide clinical services to bilingual aphasics also increases. The advance of scientific knowledge in both bilingualism and neuroscience shows much promise in effective rehabilitation.
Information theory: 50 years of discovery

Preface (S. McLaughlin). Guest Editorial (S. Verdu). PAPERS. On the Role of Pattern Matching in Information Theory (A. Wyner, et al.). Fifty Years of Shannon Theory (S. Verdu). The Interactions Between Ergodic Theory and Information Theory (P. Shields). Information--Theoretic Image Formation (J. O'Sullivan, et al.). Universal Prediction (N. Merhav & M. Feder). Reliable Communication Under Channel Uncertainty (A. Lapidoth & P. Narayan). Learning Pattern Classification--A Survey (S. Kulkarni, et al.). Zero--Error Information Theory (J. Korner & A. Orlitsky). Detection of Stochastic Processes (T. Kailath & H. Poor). Codes for Digital Recorders (K. Immink, et al.). Statistical Inference Under Multiterminal Data Compression (T. Han & S. Amari). Quantization (R. Gray & D. Neuhoff). Modulation and Coding for Linear Gaussian Channels (G. Forney & G. Ungerboeck). Information Theory and Communication Networks: An Unconsummated Union (A. Ephremides & B. Hajek). Data Compression and Harmonic Analysis (D. Donoho, et al.). Association Schemes and Coding Theory (P. Delsarte & V. Levenshtein). The Method of Types (I. Csiszar). Comments on Broadcast Channels (T. Cover). Applications of Error--Control Coding (D. Costello, et al.). The Art of Signaling: Firty Years of Coding Theory (A. Calderbank). Algebraic--Geometry Codes (I. Blake, et al.). Fading Channels: Information--Theoretic and Communications Aspects (E. Biglieri, et al). Lossy Source Coding (T. Berger & J. Gibson). Quantum Information Theory (C. Bennett & P. Shor). The Minimum Description Length Principle in Coding and Modeling (A. Barron, et al.). Author Index. Subject Index. Contributors.
Cytotoxicity of Cobra (Naja naja kaouthia) Venom on Rabbit Red Blood Cells and S-180 Tumor Cells in the Presence of Tetracaine, Lidocaine and Procaine

The cytocidal action of Naja naja kaouthia venom on rabbit red blood cells and S-180 tumor cells treated with local anesthetics (tetracaine, lidocaine and procaine) were studied. The S-180 cells were more sensitive to the venom than the red blood cells which required albumin for efficient hemolysis in the 10 minute assay. All three local anesthetics at lower concentrations protected both cell types against venom hemolysis. At higher concentrations the local anesthetics enhanced the cell lysis to 100%. The effectiveness of the local anesthetics for both the inhibition and enhancement phases of cytotoxicity was tetracaine greater than lidocaine greater than procaine. This is the same order as their anesthetic effectiveness, lipid solubility and their protein binding.
Explaining the 1914 War in Europe An Analytic Narrative

This essay constructs a theoretically rigorous explanation of the 1914 European war that involved Austria—Hungary, Germany, Russia, and France. It also serves to confirm Trachtenberg's contention t...
From Doctoral Student to University Professor: The Trajectory of a Brilliant Career

I have the sad distinction of being the only surviving faculty member of the Department of French and Romance Philology who has personally known Michael Riffaterre from the time, in 1953, when he set foot on American soil as a doctoral candidate until his retirement as University Professor in 2004. In those early days, we took some of the same graduate courses and began teaching at the same time, sharing the two sections of the same elementary course in French at the Columbia School of General Studies. From the outset, he stood out from the other graduate students as an exceptionally gifted, learned, and brilliant young scholar and as a teacher ideally equipped to introduce his sharply defined literary approach, with its strong focus on the primacy of text over author, as exemplified by his award-winning doctoral dissertation, published in 1957 under the title of Le Style des Pleiades de Gobineau; Essai d'application d'une methode stylistique, followed by numerous notable publications, among others Semiotics of Poetry (1978), Text Production (1983), Fictional Truth (1990), in addition to countless noteworthy articles. From the moment Michael stepped on these shores, shortly after World War II, he fell in love with the United States, eagerly subscribing to the notion of the American dream. He not only embraced with great enthusiasm his adopted country but promptly became a New Yorker with a keen appreciation of its toughness, ethnic diversity, and multicultural offerings. That he promptly changed his name from the ambiguous Michel to Michael is another indication of his determination to become fully Americanized. He also made it a point not only to master the English language, both oral and written, but also to acquaint himself thoroughly with Anglophone literature, a strong and abiding interest reflected in a number of important lectures and publications. Michael Riffaterre was fanatically devoted to Columbia University and remained fiercely loyal to it through decades of its tumultuous history. A political conservative at heart, he did not sympathize with the 1968 student rebellion and resented the havoc it brought to the campus. Throughout that whole episode, he persisted in teaching his courses in his classrooms in spite of all the heckling and picket lines. He soon acquired a mastery of the networks of underground tunnels which enabled him to elude the melee of cops and protesters. Yet, paradoxically, on the esthetic and literary level he welcomed nothing more than a vigorous controversy or a provocative debate and always strongly identified with the avant-garde, notably with structuralism, intertextuality and the surrealist movement. …
High performance (fT∼500GHz) In0.52Al0.48As/ In0.53Ga0.47As/InP quantum wire modfets employing asymmetric coupled-well channels

A coupled-well InAlAs/InGaAs quantum wire MODFET structure is proposed, for which simulations predict improved frequency performance (>500 GHz), over a wider range of Vg, as compared to well/wire devices with a standard MODFET heterointerface. A comparison of several transverse potential well profiles, obtained by varying the placement of a thin barrier within a 100 A finite well, is presented. In all cases, the quantum wires consist of a 0.1 μm long channel and a 150 A finite-square-well lateral profile. It has been found that the peak of the electron distribution for the first confined state, as measured from the heterointerface, changes dramatically depending on the location of the thin barrier. For quantum wire structures, realized in the lattice matched system of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP, a change in the barrier location of 25 A is accompanied by a shift in the carrier peak of more than 40 A (~20 A closer to or farther from the spacer-well interface than in the standard MODFET profile). Implications of this are reflected in the current-voltage characteristics (Id-Vd) and frequency responses (fT-Vg) of the proposed structures.
Design of a Misbehavior Detection System for Objects Based Shared Perception V2X Applications

The recent trend of integrating vehicular communications with advanced sensors installed on vehicles, enables Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) to share their own driving information as well as perception information, such as a list of perceived objects (e.g., dynamic obstacles such as vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists, and static obstacles). This has the potential to improve driving safety by expanding collective perception of vehicles. However, adversaries may also populate false information to other Connected Vehicles (CVs) via Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications. This paper investigates the security aspects of mixed deployment of CAVs, CVs and legacy vehicles, and in particular with regards to misbehavior detection. We provide a generic design framework that is independent from the specific algorithms of the underlying perception system, and can be used to implement a practical Misbehavior Detection System (MDS). We analyze the MDS framework w.r.t. a ghost vehicle attack. While no computing system can be completely secure, we believe this work would help the industry to develop a practical MDS design within a common framework while allowing individual techniques to mature and evolve over time with future academic research.
Employer Expectations for the MS-Level Cytology Practitioner.

Objectives The specific aims of the study are to determine skillsets most valuable to regional employers of cytotechnologists and assess the employers' willingness to use graduating MS cytology practitioners in the expanded scope of practice. Methods Data from the greater New York region were collected via a web-based survey distributed to a broad sample of laboratory professionals involved with hiring in a variety of institutions. Results The three skillsets most important to New York employers and most employable are fine-needle aspiration adequacy assessment, regulatory acumen, and prescreening cell blocks. The skills that are of least important and least employable are prescreening high-volume tissue biopsy specimens and histology. Conclusions The results of this survey shed light on regional employers' perspectives regarding the skillsets that are most important and marketable in the greater New York region and may be useful for subsequent curriculum development.
Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes

The available literature suggests that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), although not without risk, might decrease cardiovascular risk in long-term smokers of tobacco cigarettes who switch to e-cigarettes. However, to safeguard our youth, e-cigarettes must be required to meet product standards, all flavourings must be banned and laws regulating e-cigarette sales must be strictly enforced. The available literature suggests that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), although not without risk, might decrease cardiovascular risk in chronic smokers of tobacco cigarettes who switch to e-cigarettes. However, to safeguard our youth, e-cigarettes must be required to meet product standards, all flavourings must be banned and laws regulating e-cigarette sales must be strictly enforced.
Highly Selective Cross-Etherification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural with Ethanol

Etherification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and ethanol to yield ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is an important reaction for producing diesel blendstocks from biomass resources. This aqueous-phase ...
The diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma

Objective To study the early diagnosis and proper treatment of optic nerve sheath meningioma.Methods The clinical data and image features of 12 persons (12 eyes)with primary optic nerve sheath meningioma werere trospectively analyzed. Result The main manifestations includes single exophthalmos, vision descent,optic atrophy and limitation of eye movement.It can be verified by CT and MRI.Conclusion The multi-slice and enhanced CT/MRI scanning must be performed on all patients,at the same time performed with fat suppression technology. Key words: Opticsheath; Meningioma; Diagnosis; Operation; Clinicalobservation
Postprocessing of Additively Manufactured Metal Parts

This article describes postprocessing techniques for machining, finishing, heat treating, and deburring used to remove additive manufacturing (AM) metallic workpieces from a base plate and subsequent techniques to enhance printed workpieces. The AM processes include powder bed fusion, binder jetting, and direct energy deposition. The discussion provides information on powder removal, powder recycling and conditioning, part removal, and part enhancement. The mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations of mechanical, radiation, and chemical finishing processes as well as the properties of the resulting material are also covered.
Angiosarcoma of the Scalp and Face: A Dosimetric Comparison of HDR Surface Applicator Brachytherapy and VMAT.

Purpose Angiosarcoma of the face and scalp is a rare disease with high rates of recurrence. The optimal treatment approach is not well defined. This study presents a dosimetric comparison of high-dose-rate surface applicator (HDR-SA) brachytherapy to volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods Between 2011 and 2018, 12 patients with primary or recurrent angiosarcoma of the face or scalp were treated with HDR-SA brachytherapy using CT-based planning at our institution. For comparison, deliverable VMAT plans for each patient were generated, and dose distribution was compared to the delivered HDR-SA brachytherapy plans. Results Both VMAT and HDR-SA brachytherapy plans delivered good coverage of the clinical target. However, the dose distribution of VMAT was significantly different from HDR-SA brachytherapy across a variety of parameters. Mean doses to the lacrimal gland, orbit, lens, and cochlea were significantly higher with HDR-SA brachytherapy vs. VMAT. Brain Dmax, V80%, and V50% were also significantly higher with HDR-SA brachytherapy. Conclusions There may be dosimetric advantages to VMAT over HDR-SA brachytherapy for many patients. However, individual tumor location, patient anatomy, and treatment reproducibility may result in HDR-SA brachytherapy being the preferred technique in a subset of patients. Ultimately, a personalized approach is likely to be the optimal treatment plan.
Upaya Menjaga Keseimbangan Pekerjaan Dengan Keluarga

Abstract This research has motivated by the fact in the field that to balance the job and the family is problem of the most people today, especially of the servant of God (pastor, priest, lecturers, etc). The are faced with the choice of priority between family and work. Research by Keene and Quadgno’s explain that 60% of working adults find it difficult to achieve work balance with the family. The research method used to discuss this topic is a qualitative research study with a literature study approach by discussing various literatures related to the research topic. The researcher read, analyzed and found the issues that caused the imbalance between work and family. The final results of this study after alternatives and strategies to balance job with family life. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi fakta di lapangan bahwa keseimbangan pekerjaan dengan kehidupan keluarga merupakan persoalan mayoritas masyarakat masa kini secara khusus para hamba Tuhan (pendeta, gembala, dosen, dll). Mereka diperhadapkan pada pilihan mengutamakan keluarga atau pekerjaan. Penelitian Keene dan Quadagno menyebutkan bahwa 60 % orang dewasa yang bekerja sulit mencapai keseimbangan pekerjaan dengan keluarga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan membahas topik ini ialah studi penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka dengan membahas berbagai literatur terkait dengan topik penelitian. Peneliti membaca dan menganalisis serta menemukan masalah penyebab ketidakseimbangan pekerjaan dengan keluarga. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini menawarkan strategi dan upaya menyelaraskan pekerjaan dengan waktu bersama keluarga.
Effects of different initial foot positions on kinematics, muscle activation patterns, and postural control during a sit-to-stand in younger and older adults

Abstract Background Performing a sit-to-stand (STS) can be a challenging task for older adults because of age-related declines in neuromuscular strength and coordination. We investigated the effects of different initial foot positions (IFPs) on kinematics, muscle activation patterns, and balance control during a STS in younger and older adults. Methods: Ten younger and ten older healthy adults participated in this study. Four symmetric IFPs were studied: (1) reference (REF), (2) toes-out with heels together (TOHT), (3) toes-out (TO), and (4) Wide. Lower-extremity muscle activation patterns and kinetic and kinematic data in the sagittal and frontal planes were measured. Results: The trunk forward-tilt angle and hip extension torque during uprising were smaller in TO and Wide for both age groups. Postural sway and center of pressure sway area were smallest in TO after completion of uprising with no difference between age groups. Adductor longus and gluteus medius activity was greater in TO than in the other IFPs, and older adults activated these muscles to a greater degree than younger adults. Conclusion: Smaller trunk flexion angles with greater activation of the hip abductor and adductor muscles in TO contributed to improving postural stability during the STS. Significance: STS training with a toes-out foot position could be an effective rehabilitation strategy for older adults to strengthen hip muscles that control medio-lateral balance required for balance during a STS.
The Healthcare-Artificial Intelligence Impasse

With the advent of the Internet, wireless technologies, advanced computing, and, ultimately, the integration of mobile devices into patient care, medical device technologies have revolutionized the healthcare sector. What once was a highly personal, one-to-one relationship between physician and patient has now been expanded, including medical device manufacturers, third party healthcare system providers, even physician-as-a-service for interpreting the data complex systems churn out. The introduction of technology to the healthcare field has, at an ever-increasing rate, transformed human health management. Reworking privacy commitments in an AI world is an important endeavor. It may mean that we reconceptualize what these rights must be against a broader data need. It will likely include investment in better approaches to reduced identifiability that protect patients while promoting data use and sharing that will not reidentify. It may also mean permitting, at least for AI, broader declarations in privacy notices that put patients on notice for the use of AI while also permitting broader use. Without an approach that balances both invention and patient protection, we cannot realize the incredible potential of AI in healthcare.
Help Your Provost Help You During Promotion and Tenure Decisions

This short essay discusses how law school faculty members can help make the case for their tenure and promotion when it comes to university-level review.
Spotlighting Stigma and Barriers: Examining Secondary Students’ Attitudes Toward School Counseling Services:

Student attitudes toward accessing school counseling services were the focus of a survey of 3,584 middle school and high school students. Respondents identified barriers to seeking help from school...
DER Forecast using Privacy Preserving Federated Learning

With increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in grid edge including renewable generation, flexible loads, and storage, accurate prediction of distributed generation and consumption at the consumer level becomes important. However, DER prediction based on the transmission of customer level data, either repeatedly or in large amounts, is not feasible due to privacy concerns. In this paper, a distributed machine learning approach, Federated Learning, is proposed to carry out DER forecasting using a network of IoT nodes, each of which transmits a model of the consumption and generation patterns without revealing consumer data. We consider a simulation study which includes 1000 DERs, and show that our method leads to an accurate prediction of preserve consumer privacy, while still leading to an accurate forecast. We also evaluate grid-specific performance metrics such as load swings and load curtailment and show that our FL algorithm leads to satisfactory performance. Simulations are also performed on the Pecan street dataset to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach on real data.
NCHA variable combination as a method to undertake LGBTQ + student subpopulation analyses.

OBJECTIVE Combine National Collegiate Health Assessment (NCHA) measures indicating LGBTQ + membership into a single variable in order to analyze health responses of this group as compared to their cisgender, heterosexual (cis-het) peers. Participants: Students at a liberal arts university who completed the Spring 2019 NCHA-II study (n = 1107). Methods: Four different NCHA sexual orientation and gender identification variables were combined, creating a new variable to examine the campus LGBTQ + student sub-sample as a single, complete group. That group was then compared to cis-het students across multiple variables. Results: LGBTQ + students reported statistically significant differences for key variables such as suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, and self-harm, as well as for stressors that impact academic success such as discrimination. Conclusions: This analysis indicates that the challenges campus LGBTQ + students face are much different than their cis-het peers. Support from campus community members is suggested to reduce negative impacts for these students.
Engaging the Social Imagination in the College Classroom Through Radiant Readings of Global Picturebooks

Building on Kelly Wissman’s (2019) work, the article describes and analyzes artifacts from the author’s college children’s literature class, during which students read radiantly : in ways that may take them outside of themselves, their realities, and points of view, “like rays emitting from the sun, to seek out alternative perspectives, new directions, and unique pathways” (p. 16). The analysis of these collected student artifacts is guided by Wissman’s understanding of the social imagination as the capacity of a reader to imagine “the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of others” as well as “to invent visions of what should be and what might be” (p. 15). It also builds on the theoretical framework developed by Kathy Short (2019) in relation to the social responsibility that needs to be practiced and cultivated by those involved in the creating, teaching, and reading of global children’s literature. Nurturing reading as an act of creativity and fostering dialogic inquiry around global picturebooks is shown to be quite effective in engaging college students’ social imagination. The author brings evidence from the prompts and artifacts that supports this effectiveness, demonstrating the different ways in which students were able to read Two White Rabbits (2015) and The Arrival (2007) radiantly. The prompts that were designed for these immigration-themed picturebooks were successful in nurturing reading as an act of creativity and fostering dialogic inquiry, and thus succeeded in engaging the students’ social imagination. A main reason behind their success was that, by design, they required readers to use their imagination and creativity as well as pay close attention to the picturebooks’ visual aesthetics in order to fill in the gaps. Another important reason behind the students’ radiant readings was the selection of these specific picturebooks, which fit Jessica Whitelaw’s (2017) definition of disquieting picturebooks as they encourage their readers to embrace unfamiliarity and discomfort.
Inflammatory phenotype modulation in the respiratory tract and systemic circulation of e-cigarette users: a pilot study.

Over 40 million people use e-cigarettes worldwide, but the impact of chronic e-cigarette use on health has not been adequately defined. In particular, effects of e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on i...
A review of current literature on N-nitroso compounds in foods.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the occurrence and formation of N-nitroso compounds in foods and other consumer products. N-nitroso compounds have also become important experimental carcinogens, and an extensive literature concerning the unusual biological action of this class of compounds has developed. The nonspecific nature of thin-layer and polarographic detection techniques have led to other reports of N-nitroso compounds in foods, which have not been confirmed by unequivocal methods, such as mass spectrometry. N-nitrosamines are, as a rule, quite stable compounds under most conditions found in foods. In addition to nitrite and amine concentration, the rate of N-nitrosation is influenced by a number of other chemical species that commonly occur in foods. Certain carbonyl-containing compounds also catalyze nitrosation, but their role in foods is unclear. N-nitrosation reactions can occur at very rapid rates in lipophilic systems such organic solvents or the lipid phase of cured meats. One of the most studied aspects of N-nitrosamine carcinogenesis is the relationship between the structure of a given N-nitrosamine and the organ in which tumors develop. The majority of the N-nitrosopyrrolidine occurs in the fat portion of the edible rasher, the fried-out fat, and the vapors but not in the lean edible. Humans are exposed to N-nitroso compounds from a surprisingly large number of sources in addition to foods in order to put exposure through foods in perspective the relative exposures from these sources should be considered.
Whither Hurricane Activity

Alternative interpretations of the relationship between sea surface temperature and hurricane activity imply vastly different future Atlantic hurricane activity.