cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health Locus of Control and Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Dynamic Perspective:

Participants in the present study were 207 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who completed internal HLOC and depression measures at baseline and at an approximately 16-month follow-up period. Regression results indicated that after controlling for baseline level of depression, baseline internal HLOC was not a significant predictor of depression at follow-up. However, increases in internal HLOC over the 16-month follow-up were predictive of depression at follow-up. Furthermore, this relationship was qualified by an interaction between change in internal HLOC and disease progression. These results suggest that changes in internal HLOC over time may be a particularly important determinant of adjustment for individuals whose chronic illness progresses or becomes life threatening.
Climate change and the past, present, and future of biotic interactions

Biotic interactions drive key ecological and evolutionary processes and mediate ecosystem responses to climate change. The direction, frequency, and intensity of biotic interactions can in turn be altered by climate change. Understanding the complex interplay between climate and biotic interactions is thus essential for fully anticipating how ecosystems will respond to the fast rates of current warming, which are unprecedented since the end of the last glacial period. We highlight episodes of climate change that have disrupted ecosystems and trophic interactions over time scales ranging from years to millennia by changing species’ relative abundances and geographic ranges, causing extinctions, and creating transient and novel communities dominated by generalist species and interactions. These patterns emerge repeatedly across disparate temporal and spatial scales, suggesting the possibility of similar underlying processes. Based on these findings, we identify knowledge gaps and fruitful areas for research that will further our understanding of the effects of climate change on ecosystems.
ShortStraw: a simple and effective corner finder for polylines

In this paper we introduce ShortStraw, a simple and highly accurate polyline corner finder. ShortStraw uses a bottom-up approach to find corners by: (1) resampling the points of the stroke, (2) calculating the "straw" distance between the endpoints of a window around each resampled point, and (3) taking the points with the minimum straw distance to be corners. Using an all-or-nothing accuracy measure, ShortStraw achieves an accuracy more than twice that of the current best benchmark.
Constrained relations between two coordinated industrial robots for motion control

Tasks for two coordinated industrial robots always bring the robots in contact with the same object. Physically the three form a closed kinematic chain mechanism. When the chain is in motion, the positions and orientations of the two robots must satisfy a set of holonomic equality canstraints for every time instant. To eliminate motion errors between them, we assign one of them to carry the major part of the task. Its motion is planned accordingly. The motion of the second robot is to follow that of the first robot, as specified by the re lations of the joint velocities derived from the constraint conditions. Thus if any modification of the motion is needed in real time, only the motion of the first robot is modified. The modification for the second robot is done implicitly through the constraint conditions. Specifically, when the joint displacements, velocities, and accelerations of the first robot are known for the planned or modified motion, the corre sponding variables for the second robot and the for...
Triangular embeddings of complete graphs (neighborly maps) with 12 and 13 vertices

In this paper we describe the generation of all nonorientable triangular embeddings of the complete graphs K12 and K13. (The 59 nonisomorphic orientable triangular embeddings of K12 were found in 1996 by Altshuler, Bokowski and Schuchert, and K13 has no orientable triangular embeddings.) There are 182; 200 nonisomorphic nonorientable triangular embeddings for K12, and 243; 088; 286 for K13. Triangular embeddings of complete graphs are also known as neighborly maps and are a type of twofold triple system. We also use methods of Wilson to provide an upper bound on the number of simple twofold triple systems of order n, and thereby on the number of triangular embeddings of Kn. We discuss applications of our results to exibilit y of embedded graphs.
Pathogenic Studies and Antigenic and Sequence Comparisons of A/Equine/Alaska/1/91 (H3NS) Influenza Virus

An influenza virus, A/equine/Alaska/1/91 (H3N8), was isolated from horses from Alaska with an acute respiratory infection. Pathogenic and serologic studies revealed that this virus is similar to previously isolated equine H3N8 influenza viruses. Antigenic analyses utilizing hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition assays indicated an antigenic drift from the prototype equine H3N8 influenza virus, A/equine/Miami/1/63. Partial sequence analysis of the A/equine/Alaska influenza virus indicated that each of 8 gene sequences are of equine origin.
Sexual adjustment in postpartum women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

In a sample of 80 community women who were approximately 10 weeks postpartum, 10 (12.5%) were diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Women with GAD reported similar levels of sexual desire, arousal, activity, and orgasm in the context of intercourse as women without GAD, although they reported higher levels of body image self‐consciousness and sexual fear and avoidance. Results suggest that postpartum GAD is associated with distress, but not dysfunction, in women's sexual relationships.
A Significant but Rather Mild Contribution of T286 Autophosphorylation to Ca2+/CaM-Stimulated CaMKII Activity

Background Autophosphorylation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) at T286 generates partially Ca(2+)/CaM-independent "autonomous" activity, which is thought to be required for long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. A requirement for T286 autophosphorylation also for efficient Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated CaMKII activity has been described, but remains controversial. Methodology/principal findings In order to determine the contribution of T286 autophosphorylation to Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated CaMKII activity, the activity of CaMKII wild type and its phosphorylation-incompetent T286A mutant was compared. As the absolute activity can vary between individual kinase preparations, the activity was measured in six different extracts for each kinase (expressed in HEK-293 cells). Consistent with measurements on purified kinase (from a baculovirus/Sf9 cell expression system), CaMKII T286A showed a mildly but significantly reduced rate of Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated phosphorylation for two different peptide substrates (to ~75-84% of wild type). Additional slower CaMKII autophosphorylation at T305/306 inhibits stimulation by Ca(2+)/CaM, but occurs only minimally for CaMKII wild type during CaM-stimulated activity assays. Thus, we tested if the T286A mutant may show more extensive inhibitory autophosphorylation, which could explain its reduced stimulated activity. By contrast, inhibitory autophosphorylation was instead found to be even further reduced for the T286A mutant under our assay conditions. On a side note, the phospho-T305 antibody showed some basal background immuno-reactivity also with non-phosphorylated CaMKII, as indicated by T305/306A mutants. Conclusions/significance These results indicate that Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated CaMKII activity is mildly (~1.2-1.3fold) further increased by additional T286 autophosphorylation, but that this autophosphorylation is not required for the major part of the stimulated activity. This indicates that the phenotype of CaMKII T286A mutant mice is indeed due to the lack of autonomous activity, as the T286A mutant showed no dramatic reduction in stimulated activity.
Reading Between the Minds The Use of Stereotypes in Empathic Accuracy

An ideal empathizer may attend to another person's behavior in order to understand that person, but it is also possible that accurately understanding other people involves top-down strategies. We hypothesized that perceivers draw on stereotypes to infer other people's thoughts and that stereotype use increases perceivers' accuracy. In this study, perceivers (N = 161) inferred the thoughts of multiple targets. Inferences consistent with stereotypes for the targets' group (new mothers) more accurately captured targets' thoughts, particularly when actual thought content was also stereotypic. We also decomposed variance in empathic accuracy into thought, target, and perceiver variance. Although past research has frequently focused on variance between perceivers or targets (which assumes individual differences in the ability to understand other people or be understood, respectively), the current study showed that the most substantial variance was found within targets because of differences among thoughts.
MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL-SYSTEMS (MEMS) AND FLUID FLOWS

The micromachining technology that emerged in the late 1980s can provide micron-sized sensors and actuators. These micro transducers are able to be integrated with signal conditioning and processing circuitry to form micro-electromechanical-systems (MEMS) that can perform real-time distributed control. This capability opens up a new territory for flow control research. On the other hand, surface effects dominate the fluid flowing through these miniature mechanical devices because of the large surface-to-volume ratio in micron-scale configurations. We need to reexamine the surface forces in the momentum equation. Owing to their smallness, gas flows experience large Knudsen numbers, and therefore boundary conditions need to be modified. Besides being an enabling technology, MEMS also provide many challenges for fundamental flow-science research.
APPLICATIONS OF GAME THEORY TO ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM

One of the original expectations for the theory of cooperative games was that it would give us results valid for thin markets (where the number of traders is too small for an equilibrium to be reached). Over a period of years, however, it has been shown that, for market games, both the core and the Shapley values converge, in some sense, to the competitive equilibrium. Thus, the feeling arises that for large market games, the game-theoretic concepts yield nothing other than the equilibrium. In this article, we study the question of convergence of the Shapley value to the equilibrium and show that in some cases the convergence can be extremely slow. A very simple example (the "shoe" game) suggests that replacing the value by the equilibrium is in some sense akin to replacing a random variable by its mean.
WORD LEARNING FROM VIDEOS: EVIDENCE FROM 2-YEAR-OLDS

Young children are frequently exposed to examples of screen media like videos. The current studies asked whether videos would support word learning and whether word learning from videos might resemble word learning from a live speaker. In Study 1, 2-year-olds saw a video of a target image being labelled with a novel word and were later asked to point to and name the image and its live counterpart. Study 2 was similar except that 2-year-olds were asked to solve video and live versions of the disambiguation task (i.e. to point to and name a distracter image and its live counterpart). Results showed that 2-year-olds learned and disambiguated words from video (as measured by both pointing and naming) and that learning was similar on the video and live versions of each task. These results have important implications for theories of word learning and for the viability of video as a source for young children's word learning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CMedPort: an integrated approach to facilitating Chinese medical information seeking

As the number of non-English resources available on the Web is increasing rapidly, developing information retrieval techniques for non-English languages is becoming an urgent and challenging issue. In this research to facilitate information seeking in a multilingual world, we focused on discovering how search-engine techniques developed for English could be generalized for use with other languages. We proposed a general framework incorporating a focused collection-building technique, a generic language processing ability, an integration of information resources, and a post-retrieval analysis module. Based on this approach, we developed CMedPort, a Chinese Web portal in the medical domain that not only allows users to search for Web pages from local collections and meta-search engines but also provides encoding conversion between simplified and traditional Chinese to support cross-regional search and document summarization and categorization. User studies were conducted to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of CMedPort with those of three major Chinese search engines. Results indicate that CMedPort achieved similar accuracy for search tasks, but exhibited significantly higher recall than each of the three search engines as well as higher precision than two of the search engines for browse tasks. There were no significant differences among the efficiency measures for CMedPort and benchmarks systems. A post-questionnaire regarding system usability indicated that CMedPort achieved significantly higher user satisfaction than any of the three benchmark systems. The subjects especially liked CMedPort's categorizer, commenting that it helped improve understanding of search results. These encouraging outcomes suggest a promising future for applying our approach to Internet searching and browsing in a multilingual world.
ReCVisu: A tool for clustering-based visual exploration of requirements

Clustering is of great practical value in discovering natural groupings of large numbers of requirements artifacts. Clustering-based visualization has shown promise in supporting requirements tracing. In this paper, we transform the success to a wider range of clustering-based visual exploration tasks in requirements engineering. We describe ReCVisu, a requirements exploration tool based on quantitative visualizations. We discuss the key features of ReCVisu and its potential improvements over previous work.
Subjective and Objective Risk as Predictors of Influenza Vaccination during the Vaccine Shortage of 2004–2005

Background. We aimed to identify the role of objective risk status and subjective risk beliefs in influenza vaccination decisions during the recent rationing of influenza vaccine. Method. A random sample of 300 Americans, obtained through random-digit dialing, was interviewed regarding influenza vaccination practices and beliefs in September 2004 and again in March 2005. Results. One-half of individuals at high risk of influenza did not know that they were at high risk and, therefore, were not vaccinated. Respondents at high objective risk were more likely to report having been vaccinated than respondents who were not at high objective risk (36% vs. 6%, respectively; odds ratio, 8.31; 95% confidence interval, 3.65-18.88). However, a more powerful predictor of self-reported vaccination was subjective risk (64% vs. 7%, respectively; odds ratio, 24.02; 95% confidence interval, 12.18-48.09). Subjective risk fully mediated the relationship between objective risk and vaccination. Other predictors of vaccination included physician recommendation, habit, prior vaccination intention, belief that the influenza vaccine is safe and effective, perceived likelihood of getting influenza, and trait neuroticism. Conclusion. Health communication efforts must be more effective in persuading adults with chronic illness and individuals in contact with persons at risk that they should be vaccinated against influenza.
Agritourism and off‐farm work: survival strategies for small farms

This study considers agritourism and off-farm work as income diversification choices simultaneously and analyzes factors influencing such choices. Further, the study assesses the impact of agritourism, off-farm work, and both on gross cash farm income and total farm household income. We utilized large set of nationwide farm survey data and selectivity-based multinomial choice model. An important finding of our study is that small farms have higher household income if they choose both income diversification strategies rather than a single strategy. Results suggest that education, age of the operator, financial condition, and location of the farm are important factors driving income diversification alternatives. Finally, our study indicates that accounting for selectivity is essential to ensure unbiased and consistent estimates.
Does Opinion Shopping Impair Auditor Independence and Audit Quality

This study investigates how companies' threats to dismiss auditors and their engagement in opinion shopping influence auditor independence and audit quality, which in turn affect misstatements in financial statements. It also examines how outsiders' reactions to auditor switching influence opinion shopping. The results indicate that neither the predecessor auditor's nor the successor auditor's independence is compromised by dismissal threats and opinion shopping. Further, the successor auditor's audit quality exceeds the predecessor auditor's audit quality. In addition, auditor switching decreases potential understatements and increases potential overstatements in financial statements, and the capital market's and the successor auditor's reactions to auditor switching reduce the benefits of opinion shopping to companies. Additionally, the study sheds some light on the potential effects of both the Sarbanes-Oxley's restriction on non-audit services and mandatory auditor rotation or retention. The paper also derives a rich set of empirical implications.
A Gene Encoding an Acyl Hydrolase Is Involved in Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis

SAG101, a leaf senescence-associated gene, was cloned from an Arabidopsis leaf senescence enhancer trap line and functionally characterized. Reporter gene and RNA gel blot analyses revealed that SAG101 was not expressed until the onset of senescence in leaves. A recombinant SAG101 fusion protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli displayed acyl hydrolase activity. Antisense RNA interference in transgenic plants delayed the onset of leaf senescence for approximately 4 days. Chemically induced overexpression of SAG101 caused precocious senescence in both attached and detached leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. These data suggest that SAG101 plays a significant role in leaf senescence.
Attenuation of oxygen free radical formation and tissue injury during experimental inflammation by P-selectin blockade.

Objective: Neutrophilic leukocyte rolling on postcapillary endothelium requires membrane interaction between SLex-containing ligands on neutrophils and P-selectin on endothelial cells. The current sequence of studies was performed to explore the hypothesis that the leukocyte-endothelial rolling interaction not only precedes leukocyte migration but also is accompanied by oxygen free radical production and interstitial cell death in the rat mesentery.Methods: The ratio of leukocyte rolling velocity on the endothelium of postcapillary venules and centerline red cell velocity was determined after topical application of platelet activating factor (PAF; 10−8 mol/L). Superoxide formation was determined by an in situ nitroblue tetrazolium reduction to dark blue formazan crystals in the in situ mesentery preparation, and cell death was detected by nuclear staining with propidium iodide.Results: Leukocyte rolling and subsequent adhesion was inhibited with a monoclonal antibody against P-selectin, PB1.3. Superoxide ...
Timing of anatexis in metapelites from the Adirondack lowlands and southern highlands: A manifestation of the Shawinigan orogeny and subsequent anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite magmatism

Anatectic leucogranites are common in metapelites within both the highlands and lowlands terranes of the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State. The formation of these igneous bodies, which are folded in the lowlands and commonly mylonitized in the highlands, has been widely considered an event accompanying the ca. 1050 Ma Ottawan orogeny, during which metamorphic grade reached granulite facies in the highlands, while the lowlands experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses of zircons separated from leucosomes and melanosomes in both the southern highlands and the lowlands indicate that primary anatexis occurred ca. 1180–1160 Ma, and is thus a manifestation of heating during the earlier Shawinigan orogeny (ca. 1210– 1160 Ma) and associated anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) magmatism (ca. 1165–1150 Ma). The absence of Ottawan overgrowths on Shawinigan zircons in these leucosomes suggests that by Ottawan time the rocks were too dry for further melting or zircon growth to occur. However, electron microprobe analyses of monazites from the southern highlands reveal multiple age zones, including cores with ages of ca. 1170–1180 Ma, consistent with primary growth during Shawinigan orogenesis, complex zones formed ca. 1140–1155 Ma during AMCG magmatism, and ca. 1050–1020 Ma formed during Ottawan orogenesis and high-grade metamorphism. Throughout the Adirondacks, leucosomes and melanosomes contain older, ca. 1320 Ma, zircons that are considered to be remnant detrital zircons derived from arc rocks of the Elzevirian terrane. The apparent absence of Archean detrital zircons suggests that the protoliths of the metapelites were deposited in restricted basins that did not receive detritus from the Superior craton.
Historical Milestones in the Emergence of Nonprofit Public Relations in the United States, 1900-1956

Public relations has gradually emerged as one element of American nonprofit management and pedagogy, albeit a second tier subject. This is an historical inquiry into the emergence of nonprofit public relations in the United States, both as a practitioner activity and a curricular subject. One of the earliest nonprofits to use public relations formally was Harvard in 1900. An early milestone was the spread of public relations from individual nonprofits to a nonprofit subsector, such as a paper at a national social service conference in 1909. Then public relations gradually spread to other subsectors, eventually evolving into somewhat of a generic sectorwide management activity. However, the failure to create a professional organization of nonprofit public relations practitioners in the late 1930s and the uncertain marketing of an arguably generic textbook in 1956 may have reflected the continuing uncertainty, if public relations was a common and similar activity throughout the U.S. nonprofit sector.
There are Peacebuilding Tasks for Everybody

Over 25 years ago Galtung (1980: 396) informed us that there are “tasks for everybody” in the pursuit of peace and that includes both positive peace (overcoming structural violence) and negative peace (overcoming direct violence). Since that time, because of learning through practice and research, the truth of his assertion is ever more apparent. More and more people, in an increasing range of professions and disciplines, are participating in peace-related activities that flow across state borders.
OptCDR: A general computational method for the design of antibody complementarity determining regions for targeted epitope binding

Antibodies are an important class of proteins with many biomedical and biotechnical applications. Although there are a plethora of experimental techniques geared toward their efficient production, there is a paucity of computational methods for their de novo design. OptCDR is a general computational method to design the binding portions of antibodies to have high specificity and affinity against any targeted epitope of an antigen. First, combinations of canonical structures for the antibody complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that are most likely to be able to favorably bind the antigen are selected. This is followed by the simultaneous refinement of the CDR structures' backbones and optimal amino acid selection for each position. OptCDR is applied to three computational test cases: a peptide from the capsid of hepatitis C, the hapten fluorescein and the protein vascular endothelial growth factor. The results demonstrate that OptCDR can efficiently generate diverse antibody libraries of a pre-specified size with promising antigen affinity potential as exemplified by computationally derived binding metrics.
Does Hepatic Steatosis Have an Impact on the Short Term Hepatic Response After Complete Attenuation of Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts? A Prospective Study of 20 Dogs

Objective To evaluate the relationship between hepatic steatosis and increase in liver size and resolution of shunting after surgical attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs. Study Design Prospective study. Animals Dogs (n = 20) with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Methods Shunts were attenuated using ameroid ring constrictors. Portal blood flow and liver volume were evaluated using computed tomography before and ≥8 weeks after surgery. Hepatic steatosis was quantified by stereological point counting of lipid droplets and lipogranulomas (LG) in liver biopsies stained with Oil-red-O. Associations between steatosis and preoperative liver volume, liver growth after surgery, and development of acquired shunts were evaluated. Results Acquired shunts developed in 2 dogs (10%). Dogs with larger preoperative liver volumes relative to bodyweight had fewer lipid droplets per tissue point (P = .019). LG per tissue point were significantly associated with age: 0.019 ± 0.06 for dogs 12 months (P = .007). There was a significant positive association between liver growth after surgery and the number of LG/month of age in dogs >12 months (P = .003). There was no association between steatosis, presence of macrosteatosis, the number of LG or development of acquired shunts. Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that the presence of hepatic lipidosis and LG has no demonstrable effect on development of acquired shunts or the magnitude of increase in liver volume after attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs.
On the Capacity of Clipped OFDM Channels

We provide a new approach to analyzing the capacity of the clipped OFDM channel. Our analysis shows that existing clipping models lead to drastically underestimated capacity computations. Our approach eschews the so-called clipping noise and treats the clipper more analytically. We also introduce and analyze the clipping ratio threshold, above which error-free communication is guaranteed in an ideal clipped OFDM channel. The results are extended to the clipped OFDM channel with AWGN.
Unstable Transcripts in Arabidopsis Allotetraploids Are Associated with Nonadditive Gene Expression in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Genome-wide analysis has documented differential gene expression between closely related species in plants and animals and nonadditive gene expression in hybrids and allopolyploids compared to the parents. In Arabidopsis, 15–43% of genes are expressed differently between the related species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa, the majority of which are nonadditively expressed (differently from mid-parent value) in allotetraploids. Nonadditive gene expression can be caused by transcriptional regulation through chromatin modifications, but the role of posttranscriptional regulation in nonadditive gene expression is largely unknown. Here we reported genome-wide analysis of mRNA decay in resynthesized Arabidopsis allotetraploids. Among ∼26,000 annotated genes, over 1% of gene transcripts showed rapid decay with an estimated half-life of less than 60 minutes, and they are called allotetraploid genes with unstable transcripts (AlloGUTs). Remarkably, 30% of alloGUTs matched the nonadditively expressed genes, and their expression levels were negatively correlated with the decay rate. Compared to all genes, these nonadditively expressed alloGUTs were overrepresented 2-6-fold in the Gene Ontology (GOSlim) classifications in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, signal transduction, and transcription. Interestingly, the AlloGUTs include transcription factor genes that are highly inducible under stress conditions and circadian clock regulators that regulate growth in A. thaliana. These data suggest a role of mRNA stability in homoeologous gene expression in Arabidopsis allopolyploids. The enrichment of nonadditively expressed genes in stress-related pathways were commonly observed in Arabidopsis and other allopolyploids such as wheat and cotton, which may suggest a role for stress-mediated growth vigor in hybrids and allopolyploids.
Stimulation of Intestinal Mucosal Proliferation by Vitamin D

Abstract Intestinal mucosal cell turnover was studied in vitamin D-deficient rats in response to vitamin D 3 repletion. Four hours after a single oral dose of 100 U of vitamin D 3 , 3 H-thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid was enhanced. Mucosal cell migration rate of the vitamin D-repleted animals was 1.5 times that of the deficient animals. The accelerated mucosal cell turnover was associated with an increase of approximately 20% in villus height. This stimulation of mucosal cell proliferation preceded enhanced calcium transport, and, therefore, may be an important component of action of vitamin D on the intestine.
Electronic structure of Sc H 2

The self-consistent band structure of ScH/sub 2/ has been calculated using an improved potential. The results are compared with experiment and with our previous calculation, which used the standard muffin-tin approximation. The new calculation is in much better agreement with thermomodulation and photoemission data and demonstrates the size and character of changes caused by corrections to the standard muffin-tin approximation. Charge-density distributions are also shown which graphically indicate the charge transfer toward the hydrogen position.
Sonic Boom Computations for Double -Cone Configuration Using CFL3D , FUN3D and Full -Potential Code s

Development of highly accurate computational code s for both near -field and far -field son ic boom problem is the focus of this paper The structured grid CFL3D code is modified using a new, highly accurate grid -adaptation and shock -fitting scheme for supersonic near -field domain prediction. The modified CFL3D code is applied to a double -cone configuration at Mach numbers of 1.26 and 1.41. Because of its sophisticated grid adaptation methodology, t he unstruc tured -grid FUN3D is also used for the near -field computations at Mach number of 1.26. The computed near -field results are compared with the available experimental data. The FUN3D code results and the CFL3D results at an in terface located at h/L = 2 (altitu de height/body length) are used to generate input data for the highly efficient, far -field , structured grid full -potential (FP) code. The relative error s for the velocity components, at the interface h/L = 2, between the results of the unstructured -grid FU N3D code and the results of the structured -grid FP f ar -field code are computed and pre sented. Next, the FP Far -field code is used to advance the solution from h/L = 2 to h/L = 6 , 10 and 18 and the results are compared with those obtained from matching FP w ith FUN3D, matching FP with the modified CFL3D, and the experimental data. The interface results have also been advanced to a far field location at h/L = 4 0. The conclusion of this study is that the FUN3D code is highly accurate for near -field and far -fie ld computations. The grid adaptation and shock fitting scheme has to be used in the FP code and CFL3D code for obtaining highly accurate results.
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome – a window into follicular lymphoma biology

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal dominant condition, which affects approximately one in 125 000 infants.[1] While originally characterized by distinct phenotypic characteristics and ...
211 HOW RELIABLE IS THE CLINICAL HISTORY OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG USE IN PATIENTS WHO PRESENT WITH UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE?

There is paucity of literature regarding the reliability of clinical history for assessing the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Platelet function testing using the PFA-100 has been used to detect the effects of NSAIDs on platelets. We hypothesized that surreptitious use of NSAIDs occurs only in a small minority of such patients. Study Design Adult hospitalized patients undergoing endoscopy for evaluation of melena, hematemesis, or coffee-ground emesis were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included hematocrit less than 25% or platelet count less than 100,000/mm3 as these factors cause invalid measurements by the platelet function analyzer. Results Sixty-three patients met inclusion criteria. Sixteen patients were excluded due to anemia and thrombocytopenia as above. The average (SD) age of patients was 53.65 (15.55) years. Caucasians formed 40% of the study population, whereas the remaining were African Americans. Patients were predominantly males (64%). Twenty-one percent of the patients tested had positive PFA-100 measurements that suggested NSAID use. However, 60% of those with positive PFA-100 test had denied a history of prior NSAID use. Conclusions Clinical history is not a reliable indicator of prior NSAID use in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Alternate testing to evaluate for surreptitious use of NSAIDs should be considered in patients with bleeding due to non-HP, non-NSAID ulcers.
STUDY ON OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN ZHUHAI

Objective:To investigate occupational injuries of construction industry in Zhuhai,analyse the reasons and provide preventive measuresSo as to provide basis information for occupational injuries and scientific basis for government to manage this tradesMethods:Occupational injuries identified by Zhuhai Labor social security bureau were analysed from 1990 to 2003Results:There were 359 occupational injuries during 1990 to 2003The main occupational injuries were male(964%)and most occupational injuries were less than 40 years old Most occupational injuries were non-natives, and 3064% of them came from Sichuang province The Proportion of constitution of minor wound, heavy wound, death was respectively 2842%, 4930%,1039% from 1990 to 2003The type of occupational injuries was falling(2621%), colliding(1882%) and extruding(1039%) The main injury part was lower limbs(2870%), upper limbs(2089%)and face (2228%) The main reason of occupational injuries was that protective devices was drawback, and the workers didn't work as operating rules and didn't had enough knowledge of safe operationConclusions:Construction industry was a high risk trade in ZhuhaiIt's helpful to improve the protective devices and enforce to give safety?knowledge and education to these building workers in order to reduce and eliminate the occurrence of occupational injuries
APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF ELLIPTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS BY SYSTEMS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the approximate solution of elliptic boundary value problems by systems of ordinary differential equations. It presents a boundary value problem for a nonlinear perturbation of the Laplace equation. The components of a solution to this system approximate the solution to [ P ] along the lines y = y i , and consequently this approximation procedure has been named the method of lines. This type of approximation is used to investigate existence, uniqueness, and approximation of a problem similar to [ P ]. It is found that because [ P ( h )] is a boundary value problem for an infinite system of second order ordinary differential equations, any practical application of this system will require a reduction to a finite dimensional system of equations. The chapter presents results on monotone approximations of solutions of an elliptic boundary value problem on an unbounded domain in R 2 obtained by the application of a few results on maximal and minimal solutions of infinite systems of ordinary differential equations.
Still talking to ourselves after all these years: a review of current research on private speech

Developmental relations between thought, language, and behavior have proved to be perennially interesting to psychologists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers (Nelson, 1996; Pinker, 1994; Vygotsky, 1934/1987). To what extent is language separate from thinking? How does language development influence cognitive development? To what extent is language development dependent upon cognitive growth? How is language used by children as a tool for guiding one's thinking, behavior, or problem solving? One phenomenon that falls at the intersection of many such discussions is children's private speech – children's overt and sometimes partially covert (whispered) self-talk while they are working on something or playing. Children's private speech provides an empirical window for exploring many interesting questions about mind, behavior, and language, especially those having to do with language serving a role in the development of children's executive function or self-regulation. Private speech is typically defined as overt, audible speech that is not addressed to another person (Winsler, Fernyhough, McClaren, & Way, 2004). Inner speech, on the other hand, refers to fully internal, silent verbal thought – that is, speech fully inside one's head. Research on children's private speech, largely that which originated from within the Vygotskian theoretical tradition, has been summarized and reviewed before on two occasions – first, in Zivin's (1979a) volume entitled The Development of Self-Regulation Through Private Speech (Zivin, 1979b), and then 13 years later in Diaz and Berk's (1992) volume, entitled Private Speech: From Social Interaction to Self-Regulation (Berk, 1992). Since then, however, research on private speech and self-talk has blossomed.
Calliscelio Ashmead Expands (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Abstract The generic concept of Calliscelio Ashmead is expanded to include variation in the shape of the metascutellum, the development of propodeal carinae, the presence of an epomial carina, the presence of malar striae, and the position of the toruli on the frons. This expansion follows circumscription of the genus based on the prioniform sensillum on the mandible, a character that is unique within Platygastroidea. We consider the prioniform state of the sensillum to be a synapomorphy for the genus, and treat Crama Galloway, Lispoteleia Galloway, Xentor Masner and Johnson, and Yunkara Galloway as junior synonyms of Calliscelio; the species of these genera are transferred herein. Calliscelio yunkara Talamas is provided as a replacement name for Yunkara inornata Galloway. A lectotype is designated for Calliscelio albicoxa (Dodd).
STEREOSPECIFICITY OF GLYCOSIDASES THAT ACT ON BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the stereospecificity of glycosidases that act on blood group substances. It is the terminal nonreducing sugars that determine the overall specificity of the final product. There is a hierarchy of complexity within the different blood group substances of a given system. Glycosidases are rarely found in isolation; invariably all sources contain more than one glycosidase and usually with very similar properties. The inactivation of B-substance with the α galactosidase of coffee beans can be specifically inhibited by D-galactose, and similarly, the inactivation of H and Le a active glycoproteins can be inhibited by L-fucose. Loss of blood group activity can result from a number of different potential enzymatic reactions, thereby making it difficult to interpret the effectiveness of purification from the initial mixture of enzymes. The extent of fucose released from A- and B-active glycoproteins is variable. The A and B reactivity of the glycoproteins is enhanced after treatment with the α(1 ⇒ 2)-L-fucosidase.
From mouse to man? Not necessarily!

The human intestine is home to trillions of bacteria, which in some estimates outnumber host cells in the body. Emerging evidence suggests that resident intestinal microbial communities not only enable us to efficiently harvest energy from our food but also function as an underappreciated endocrine
A compact branch line coupler using novel periodically grounded slow-wave structure

This paper describes a branch line coupler using novel periodically grounded slow-wave transmission line (PG-SW-TL). The slow-wave characteristics is achieved by periodically placed through-via-holes (TVH). Compared with conventional cross-tie SW-TL, the proposed transmission line is easy to implement as a branch or a bend. In addition, it is easy to manufacture as it does not require blind-via-hole (BVH). The measurement results of the fabricated branch line coupler using PG-SW-TL for L-band demonstrate reducing 50.3 % of area.
Theoretical Analysis of the Force and Position Synergies in Two-Joint Movements

A theoretical approach is proposed to define the force and position singular points (FSPs and PSPs) in the circular, ellipsoidal, and linear planar two-joint movements produced under steady loadings directed along the movement traces. The FSPs coincide with changes in the direction of the force moments acting around the joints; the PSPs show the locations of the extrema at the joint angle trajectories. The force synergy (defined by the location of FSPs) provides a strong influence on the activation synergy; the latter is largely described by correlations between the activities recorded from the muscles participating in the movement. The position synergy (defined by the location of PSPs) is responsible for a hysteresis-related modulation of the activation synergy. Geometrical procedures are proposed to define positions of the FSPs and PSPs along various movement traces; this can provide a general description of the force and position synergies for the movements. The force synergies in the circular movements cover four sectors with diverse loading combinations of the flexor and extensor muscles belonging to different joints. The variability of the synergy effects for changes in the size and position of the circular trajectories is analyzed; the synergy patterns are also considered for ellipsoidal and linear movement traces. A Force Feedback Control Hypothesis is proposed; it allows one to explain the decrease in the number of controlled variables during real multi-joint movements.
Mineralocorticoid Antagonists As Adjuncts In Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Introduction The purpose of this project was to evaluate the role of MR antagonists as an adjunct in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who have chronic subretinal fluid.
Patterns and Predictors of Recurrence after Partial Nephrectomy for Kidney Tumors

Purpose: We sought to identify patterns and predictors of recurrence in patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma managed by partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 830 consecutive cases of partial nephrectomy done between 2007 and 2015 for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma at a single institution. Patient demographics and pathological characteristics were correlated with recurrence patterns (overall, local and distant) and overall survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Differences in the recurrence patterns were evaluated.Results: Median patient age was 61 years and median tumor size was 3.1 cm. Overall, 11.6% of tumors were stage pT3, 39.3% were high grade, 2.9% had lymphovascular invasion and 7.1% had positive margins. Higher grade, higher stage, positive surgical margins and increased R.E.N.A.L. (radius, exophytic/endophytic properties, nearness of deepest tumor portion to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior an...
Ab Initio Predictions of Hexagonal Zr(B,C,N) Polymorphs for Coherent Interface Design

Density functional theory calculations are used herein to explore the hexagonal (HX) NiAs-like polymorphs of Zr(B,C,N) and compare them with the corresponding Zr(B,C,N) Hagg-like face-centered-cubic rocksalt (B1) phases. Although all predicted compounds are mechanically stable according to the Born–Huang criteria, only HX Zr(C,N) are dynamically stable according to ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and lattice dynamics calculations. HX ZrN emerges as a candidate structure with a ground-state energy, elastic constants, and extrinsic mechanical parameters comparable with those of B1 ZrN. Ab initio band structure and semiclassical Boltzmann transport calculations predict a metallic character and a monotonic increase in electrical conductivity with the number of valence electrons. Electronic structure calculations indicate that the HX phases gain their stability and mechanical attributes through Zr d–nonmetal p hybridization and broadening of the Zr d bands. Furthermore, it is shown that the HX ZrN pha...
Use of Breast Imaging After Treatment for Locoregional Breast Cancer (AFT-01).

Annual mammography is recommended after breast cancer treatment. However, studies suggest its under-utilization for Medicare patients. Utilization in the broader population is unknown, as is the role of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Understanding factors associated with imaging use is critical to improvement of adherence to recommendations. A random sample of 9835 eligible patients receiving surgery for stages 2 and 3 breast cancer from 2006 to 2007 was selected from the National Cancer Database for primary data collection. Imaging and recurrence data were abstracted from patients 90 days after surgery to 5 years after diagnosis. Factors associated with lack of imaging were assessed using multivariable repeated measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Patients were censored for death, bilateral mastectomy, new cancer, and recurrence. Of 9835 patients, 9622, 8702, 8021, and 7457 patients were eligible for imaging at surveillance years 1 through 4 respectively. Annual receipt of breast imaging declined from year 1 (69.5%) to year 4 (61.0%), and breast MRI rates decreased from 12.5 to 5.8%. Lack of imaging was associated with age 80 years or older and age younger than 50 years, black race, public or no insurance versus private insurance, greater comorbidity, larger node-positive hormone receptor-negative tumor, excision alone or mastectomy, and no chemotherapy (p < 0.005). Receipt of breast MRI was associated with age younger than 50 years, white race, higher education, private insurance, mastectomy, chemotherapy, care at a teaching/research facility, and MRI 12 months before diagnosis (p < 0.05). Under-utilization of mammography after breast cancer treatment is associated with sociodemographic and clinical factors, not institutional characteristics. Effective interventions are needed to increase surveillance mammography for at-risk populations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02171078.
Preliminary Evaluation of Medetomidine/Ketamine Combinations for Immobilization and Reversal with Atipamezole in Three Tortoise Species

ABSTRACT Twenty immobilizations, for various minor clinical procedures, were performed on 12 adult and sub-adult leopard, Geochelone pardalis, yellow foot, Geochelone denticulata, and Aldabra, Aldabrachelys gigantea, tortoises with a combination of medetomidine and ketamine. An intravenous dose rate of 100 μg/kg medetomidine for leopard and yellow foot tortoises and 25 - 80 μg/kg for Aldabra tortoises resulted in induction times (time from drug injection until the head could be pulled out and the mouth opened) that ranged between 4 and 16 minutes (median 10) and 15 - 45 minutes (45) respectively. Recovery times (time from drug injection until the tortoise was able to withdraw its head with strength) using intravenous atipamezole at a dose rate of 400 μg/kg for leopard and yellow foot and 100 - 380 μg/kg for Aldabra tortoises ranged between 2 and 30 minutes (5) and 5 - 15 minutes (5) respectively. Most (90%) of leopard and yellow foot tortoises experienced a drop in heart rate from baseline following medet...