cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A constant-load ergometer for measuring peak power output and fatigue

A constant-load cycle ergometer was constructed that allows maximal power output to be measured for each one-half pedal revolution during brief, high-intensity exercise. To determine frictional force, an electronic load cell was attached to the resistance strap and the ergometer frame. Dead weights were attached to the strap's free end. Flywheel velocity was recorded by means of a magnetic switch and two magnets placed on the pedal sprocket. Pedaling resulted in magnetically activated switch closures, which produced two electronic pulses per pedal revolution. Pulses and load cell output were recorded (512 Hz), digitized, and stored on disk via microcomputer. Power output was later computed for each pair of adjacent pulses, representing average power per one-half pedal revolution. Power curves generated for each subject were analyzed for peak power output (the highest one-half pedal revolution average), time to peak power, power fatigue rate and index, average power, and total work. Thirty-eight males performed two 15-s tests separated by 15 min (n = 16) or 48 h (n = 22). Peak power output ranged from 846.0 to 1,289.1 W. Intraclass correlation analysis revealed high test-retest reliability for all parameters recorded on the same or different days (R = 0.91-0.97). No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were noted between parameter means of the first and second tests. These results indicate that the ergometer described provides a means for conveniently and reliably assessing short-term power output and fatigue.
Glad to be sad, and other examples of benign masochism

We provide systematic evidence for the range and importance of hedonic reversals as a major source of pleasure, and incorporate these findings into the theory of benign masochism. Twenty-nine different initially aversive activities are shown to produce pleasure (hedonic reversals) in substantial numbers of individuals from both college student and Mechanical Turk samples. Hedonic reversals group, by factor analysis, into sadness, oral irritation, fear, physical activity/exhaustion, pain, strong alcohol-related tastes, bitter tastes, and disgust. Liking for sad experiences (music, novels, movies, paintings) forms a coherent entity, and is related to enjoyment of crying in response to sad movies. For fear and oral irritation, individuals also enjoy the body’s defensive reactions. Enjoyment of sadness is higher in females across domains. We explain these findings in terms of benign masochism, enjoyment of negative bodily reactions and feelings in the context of feeling safe, or pleasure at “mind over body”. In accordance with benign masochism, for many people, the favored level of initially negative experiences is just below the level that cannot be tolerated.
Comparative genetics of Na+/K+‐ATPase in monarch butterfly populations with varying host plant toxicity

Herbivores have evolved numerous behavioural and physiological adaptations to host plants; however, molecular adaptations are still poorly understood. One well-studied case comprises the specialist insects that feed on cardenolide-containing plants. Here, convergent molecular evolution in the Na+/K+-ATPase results in a reduced sensitivity to cardenolides across four insect orders. Because different plant species and genotypes differ in toxicity, Na+/K+-ATPase may be under differential selection from geographically varying host plants. We examined the α subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) from six worldwide populations to test whether differences in their host plant chemistry result in local adaptation at the molecular level. Although our study revealed multiple synonymous changes, we did not find these to be population-specific, nor did we identify nonsynonymous changes. Additionally, we compared the amino acid sequence of this subunit across 19 species. We identified two novel changes at sites 836 (K836N) and 840 (E840R) in the αM7-αM8 regions in the genus Danaus. Although previous studies focused on the first two trans-membrane domains, C-terminal domains may also interact with cardenolides. These results reveal a lack of molecular evolution of Na+/K+-ATPase at the population level, and call for additional attention regarding the C-terminal regions of this important enzyme.
Prognostic value of urinary protein in primary systemic amyloidosis (AL)

In 153 patients with biopsy-proven primary systemic amyloidosis (AL), serum creatinine level correlated with median survival (creatinine less than or equal to 115 mumol/L [1.3 mg/dL], 2.56 months; creatinine greater than 115 mumol/L [1.3 mg/dL], 14.9 months; P = 0.007). The 24-hour urine total protein excretion was not correlated with survival. Patients who excreted monoclonal lambda light chains in the urine had an inferior survival (12 months) compared with those with kappa (30 months) or no monoclonal protein (35 months) in the urine (P = 0.01). The presence of lambda monoclonal protein was not associated with a higher median creatinine level. A monoclonal protein was detected in the urine in 76% of patients; when patients with more than 1 g of protein in the urine were studied, however, a monoclonal protein was detectable in 86%. The overall kappa-lambda ratio was 1:2.56, but as the urinary protein loss increased, the kappa-lambda ratio shifted to 1:4.7 for those with more than 3 g of protein in the urine.
Abstract 58: Differential Signaling by CRP-Rac1-NOX1 and Thrombin-Rac1-NOX2 Axes Regulates Ros Generation and Platelet Activation

Agonist induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhances platelet aggregation and hence the risk of thrombosis. Rac1 GTPase has been shown to be critical in ROS generation by both NOX1 and NOX2. However, its role in agonist induced ROS generation in platelets remains to be determined. We have shown previously that gene targeting or inhibition of Rac1 GTPase inhibits platelet secretion and aggregation. In this study we tested our hypothesis that Rac1 regulates platelet activation, at least in part, by regulating ROS generation through the NOX enzymes by using Rac1 and NOX2 gene targeted mice and/or pharmacologic inhibitors. ROS generation was determined by flow cytometry in dcf-da loaded washed platelets. Collagen-related peptide (CRP) or thrombin induced ROS generation in a time- and a concentration-dependent manner. A two minute pre-incubation of platelets with NSC23766 (3-30 μM), a Rac GTPases inhibitor, or Phox-I (1-10 μM), an inhibitor of NOX2 that blocks Rac1-p67phox interaction, diminish...
Epstein-Barr Virus: Past, Present and Future

At an occasion like this, it may be permissible to discuss the past, the history of the Epstein-Barr virus, from a rather personal and perhaps slightly biased perspective. This may be less than exciting for those who were among the pioneers in this field and present at the creation, but those of you who joined the steadily growing crowd at later stages might not be aware of how much of the inital research depended on being at the right place at the right moment, on recognizing and grasping an opportunity as it arose, or on just good old plain luck.
Gossyplure in Laminated Plastic Formulations for Mating Disruption and Pink Bollworm Control

Gossyplure (1:1 mixture of Z,Z- and Z,E- isomers of 7,11 hexadecadienyl acetate) in a plastic laminate formulation was applied by air to ca. 195 ha of cotton, Gossypium spp. in Arizona. In combination with TF (1-tetradecenal formate), virelure (16:1 mixture of ( Z )-11-hexadecenal and ( Z )-9-tetradecenal or ( Z )-9 TDF[( Z )-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate], gossyplure significantly reduced catches of male pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moths in pheromone-baited, traps, boll infestations and female mating in gossyplure-treated cotton plots as compared with these criteria in an insecticide control and an untreated check plot.
Analysis on the Roadmap to a Perfect Securities Market in China

Since the establishment of Shanghai and Shenzhen securities exchanges, the development of securities marketin China has basical been driven by the government. The scale of securities market has been expending rapidlywhile inefficiency gradually became the major problem hindering its further development. To achieve furtherdevelopment of securities market, it is essential to improve its efficiency, which relies on returning to the pathof endogenous growth. Therefore, we should make great effort to push forward a new round of market-orientedreform aiming at better efficiency.
Chemotherapy by slowing glucosphingolipid synthesis.

The hypothesis offered here is that many different illnesses could be treated by slowing the synthesis of glucosphingolipids (GSLs) with a suitable inhibitor. In people with inadequate hydrolases for the GSLs (e.g. Gaucher's disease), the lipids accumulate to a pathological degree. It should be possible to eliminate the accumulation by slowing the synthesis of the GSLs to match the ability of the patient to degrade them. In people with cancer, the tumors secrete excessive amounts of GSLs, which block the ability of the immune system to attack the tumor cells. By blocking the synthesis of tumor GSLs, it should be possible to enable the patient to generate antibodies and activated T cells that can destroy the tumor. Tumors exhibiting multidrug resistance may do so by synthesizing GSLs even faster than usual. It should be possible to restore the sensitivity of the tumor to anti-cancer drugs by inhibiting their synthesis of GSLs. Metastasis of tumors also appears to require the formation of GSLs, so an inhibitor should help block tumor dissemination. Diabetics tend to have high levels of blood glucose, which acts to stimulate kidney growth via more rapid synthesis of GSLs. This pathological growth can be blocked by inhibiting the formation of kidney GSLs. Viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins have been found to bind to specific GSLs of human and animal cells. Presumably, this binding leads to the damaging process of infection. It should be possible to treat such infections by depleting the host's body of its GSLs.
“The Shrug of Horror”: Creole Performance at King’s Bench

So spoke Samuel Whitbread, Foxite reformer and wealthy brewer, in May 1806 at the trial of Henry Lord Viscount Melville for impeachment before the Lords of the realm. Melville, formerly Henry Dundas and always a close ally of William Pitt, the younger, had been impeached in the Commons for financial malpractice while serving as treasurer of the Navy in 1786. Whitbread led the parliamentary campaign to bring Melville down in what was the last ever impeachment of a British minister. Whitbread was, in fact, attempting to show that Melville’s hapless subordinate, Alexander Trotter, despite a disposition to tell the truth, felt a false indebtedness to the his lordship, possessing “a disposition to take upon himself… all the load of guilty which we charge upon the noble defendant.” According to Whitbread, a sudden illness, which had afflicted Trotter “might also be expressive” (Trial of Melville 1806: 291; Cobbett and Howell 1816–21: v. 29, cols. 1428–9). As in the “remarkable case” to which Whitbread referred, a witness’s demeanor might offer proof by which to judge the truthfulness of his or her testimony. As it turned out, the lengthy proceedings at Westminster Hall ended with Melville’s acquittal on all charges, although he emerged a ruined man.
Almost Primary Elements in Multiplicative Lattices

In this paper we study almost primary elements as a new generalization of primary and weakly primary elements in multiplicative lattices. Various properties of almost primary elements are considered. Mathematics Subject Classification: 06F10, 06F05, 13A15
Stylistic Confusion in Thomas Mann’s Indian Legend, The Transposed Heads

(1943). Stylistic Confusion in Thomas Mann’s Indian Legend, The Transposed Heads. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 209-212.
Abstract 4809: Validation of molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma of bladder in multi-institutional and public cohorts

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA BACKGROUND: Recently we have proposed a molecular sub-classification of conventional urothelial carcinoma which could be divided into two major categories designated as basal and luminal similar to the ones defined for breast cancer. In addition, luminal cancers contain a group of cases characterized by upregulation of p53 regulatory genes and is referred to as p53-like. The purpose of this project is to verify whether such subtypes can be identified in several large independent cohorts of bladder cancers. DESIGN: Gene expression profiles and molecular subtyping were performed by using previously described analytical algorithms on the following bladder cancer patient cohorts: (1) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort containing tumor tissues from muscle invasive high grade urothelial carcinomas of 129 patients; (2) the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA) cohort of fresh frozen tumor tissues which included 65 superficial papillary carcinomas and 77 invasive carcinomas; (3) the Swedish cohort containing fresh frozen tumor samples of 116 superficial papillary tumors and 192 invasive tumors. RESULTS: The three distinct molecular subtypes defined as luminal, p53-like and basal were identified in all three cohorts. The distribution of molecular subtypes in individual cohorts was as follows: the TCGA cohort contained 50 (39%) luminal, 30 (23%) p53-like and 49 (38%) basal tumors; the MDA cohort contained 54 (38%) luminal, 61 (43%) p53-like and 27 (19%) basal; the Swedish cohort contained 102 (33%) luminal, 129 (42%) p-53 like and 77 (25%) basal tumors. Interestingly, in the MDA and Swedish cohorts virtually all superficial tumors, of either low or high grade, were of luminal type. CONCLUSION: The conventional bladder cancer can be separated into three distinct molecular subtypes with luminal phenotype defining the vast majority of superficial bladder cancers while muscle invasive tumors can be separated into luminal and basal forms. A subset of luminal cancers is characterized by upregulation of p53 regulatory genes. The identification of subtypes may help to stratify the patients for targeted therapies. Citation Format: Vipulkumar Dadhania, Charles G. Guo, Tadeusz Majewski, Li Zhang, Jolanta Bondaruk, Shizhen Zhang, Woonyoung Choi, David McConkey, Colin Dinney, Keith Baggerly, Bogdan A. Czerniak. Validation of molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma of bladder in multi-institutional and public cohorts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4809. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4809
Chiral Discotic Colunmar Phases in Liquid Crystals

We introduce a model to describe columnar phases of chiral discotic liquid crystals in which the normals to disc-like molecules are constrained to lie parallel to columnar axes. The model includes separate chiral interactions favoring, respectively, relative twist of chiral molecules along the axes of the columns and twist of the two-dimensional columnar lattice. It also includes a coupling between the lattice and the orientation of the discotic molecules. We discuss the instability of the aligned hexagonal lattice phase to the formation of a soliton lattice in which molecules twist within their columns without affecting the lattice and to the formation of a moire phase consisting of a periodic array of twist grain boundaries perpendicular to the columns.
Real-world supported unprotected left main percutaneous coronary intervention with impella device; data from the USpella registry.

Background Patients with left main (LM) coronary artery disease are increasingly being treated with percutaneous revascularization (PCI). The safety, feasibility, and efficacy of unprotected LM intervention (ULMI) with hemodynamic support by Impella device have not been evaluated previously. Objective Using a large retrospective single center database from the USpella registry, we evaluated the safety, feasibility, and potential benefits of periprocedural left ventricular assist with axial flow Impella 2.5 and Impella CP (Abiomed Inc. Danvers, Mass) during ULMI. Methods We analyzed a total of 127 consecutive patients who received hemodynamic support with Impella (2.5 or CP) for ULMI from August 2008 to July 2015. Safety, feasibility and efficacy end points included procedural success rates, in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates. Results Among 127 patients who received hemodynamic support for ULMI (mean age 69.98 ± 10.7 years, 71% men, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction 28.74 ± 15.55%, Society of Thoracic Surgeons' mortality/morbidity 4/23%) the in-hospital and 30 days mortality rates were 1.43% (2/140) and 2.1% (3/141), respectively. The average baseline and post PCI (residual) syntax scores were 31.4 and 7.86, respectively, (P < 0.001). Only one patient (0.8%) had vascular complication that required surgery; 2.36% (3/127) had hematoma and 3.9% (5/127) had bleeding that required transfusion. Conclusion This large singe center retrospective evaluation of USpella registry substantiates and strongly supports the feasibility, safety, and hemodynamic usefulness of Impella device for ULMI with acceptable in-hospital and 30-day MACE rates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is the Affordable Care Act Imploding

President Trump has said on various occasions that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is imploding, exploding, or collapsing.
Therapeutic approaches to target alpha-synuclein pathology

Starting two decades ago with the discoveries of genetic links between alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease risk and the identification of aggregated alpha-synuclein as the main protein constituent of Lewy pathology, alpha-synuclein has emerged as the major therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. Following the suggestion that alpha-synuclein pathology gradually spreads through the nervous system following a stereotypic pattern and the discovery that aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein can propagate pathology from one cell to another, and thereby probably aggravate existing deficits as well as generate additional symptoms, the idea that alpha-synuclein is a viable therapeutic target gained further support. In this review we describe current challenges and possibilities with alpha-synuclein as a therapeutic target. We briefly highlight gaps in the knowledge of the role of alpha-synuclein in disease, and propose that a deeper understanding of the pathobiology of alpha-synuclein can lead to improved therapeutic strategies. We describe several treatment approaches that are currently being tested in advanced animal experiments or already are in clinical trials. We have divided them into approaches that reduce alpha-synuclein production; inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation inside cells; promote its degradation either inside or outside cells; and reduce its uptake by neighbouring cells following release from already affected neurons. Finally, we briefly discuss challenges related to the clinical testing of alpha-synuclein therapies, for example difficulties in monitoring target engagement and the need for relatively large trials of long duration. We conclude that alpha-synuclein remains one of the most compelling therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease, and related synucleinopathies, and that the multitude of approaches being tested provides hope for the future.
Energy compensation in response to aerobic exercise training in overweight adults

Weight loss from exercise is often less than expected. Putative compensatory mechanisms may limit exercise-induced reductions in body fat and might be proportional to exercise energy expenditure (E...
General Representation and Reasoning

The previous chapter defined the different types of reformulation operations, and showed that by reformulating designs we can increase the efficiency of the reasoning process and reduce the size of the design. A design is a specification of a device at the knowledge level independent of any symbols. In order to reason about a device we must encode its design in a representation language, and use an inference procedure to reason with this description.
Subdivisions and Triangulations

In this section we recount pertinent facts regarding general subdivisions and briefly discuss two familiar subdivisions of Gn.
Affinity Labelling Techniques for Low-Abundance Membrane Components: Peptide Hormone Receptors and the D-Glucose Transporter

The requirements and effectiveness of affinity labelling are considered in respect of gaining detailed structural information as exemplified by two systems in the field of hormone-activated trans-membrane signalling. Covalent cross-linking of a radioactive ligand was the approach used in peptide hormone receptor studies; structural results are presented for the insulin receptor, which appears to be a disulphide-linked structure with two pairs of subunits. Photoaffinity labelling was the approach used for the D-glucose transporter, an effector for the insulin receptor response; the nature and subcellular location of this transporter are considered.
Abstract 897: A novel fusion gene responsible for colon cancer drug resistance

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Patients with advanced colorectal cancer eventually succumb to the disease, despite the fact that some patients respond initially to therapies (chemotherapy and targeted therapy). Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for drug resistance will help design novel strategies to treat colorectal cancer. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which colorectal cancer cells acquired 5-FU resistance. Through exome sequencing, we discovered a novel fusion gene common in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells. This fusion gene, once ectopically expressed in the sensitive cancer cells, promotes drug resistance to 5-FU treatment. Further analyses have revealed a signaling network linking this fusion gene to drug resistance. Taken together, we have revealed a novel mechanism for drug resistance in colorectal cancer, which may be a novel target to overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Jingwu Xie, Dongsheng Gu, Ruolan Song. A novel fusion gene responsible for colon cancer drug resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 897.
Diagnosis and management of a heterotopic pregnancy and ruptured rudimentary uterine horn.

Heterotopic pregnancies implanted in a rudimentary uterine horn account for 1 in 2–3 million gestations, and confer significant risk of morbidity due to uterine rupture and hemorrhage. A 34-year-old nullipara presented with acute pelvic pain at 17 weeks of gestation with dichorionic-diamniotic twins, one in each horn of an anomalous uterus first diagnosed in pregnancy as bicornuate. Three-dimensional ultrasound and MRI revealed myometrial disruption in the left rudimentary uterine horn, and the patient underwent an uncomplicated abdominal hemi-hysterectomy. Fourteen days later, an uncomplicated dilation and curettage was performed for a fetal anomaly in the remaining twin in the right unicornuate uterus. This case demonstrates the utility of magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound in the assessment of myometrial integrity in a gravid patient with a heterotopic pregnancy and ruptured rudimentary uterine horn. This case demonstrates the importance of pre-pregnancy diagnosis and management of mullerian anomalies.
Globo H expression is lower in breast cancer stem cells and its biosynthesis involves fucosyl transferases 1 and 2

2026 Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has been identified as CD24-CD44+ cells and shown to display engraftment capabilities with phenotypic diversity. Globo H is a tumor associated glycolipid in many epithelial cancers including breast cancer, but its expression on BCSCs remains unknown. By flow cytometric analysis, we found that 16 of 27 (59.3%) human breast cancer specimens expressed Globo H. Non-BCSCs from all 16 tumors were positive for Globo H but BCSCs from only 4 of 26 (15.3%) expressed Globo H. The precursor of Globo H, SSEA3, was detected in 11 of 14 (78.6%) breast cancer specimens tested, including 7/7 of Globo H positive tumors and 4/7 of Globo H negative tumors. Subpopulation analysis revealed that SSEA3 was detected in non-BCSCs from all 11 SSEA3 expressing tumors, but in BCSCs from only 7/14 (50%) tumors tested. Within BCSCs subpopulation, SSEA3 expression was noted in 2 of the 7 Globo H negative tumors and 5 of 7 Globo H positive tumors. The latter included one tumor which expressed Globo H in BCSCs and 4 of 6 tumors which did not. Using siRNA strategy in human breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrated for the first time that both fucosyltransferase (FUT) 1 and 2, the enzymes responsible for alpha-1, 2 linkage of fucose, were involved in the biosynthesis of Globo H. Furthermore, we found that FUT2 expression was significantly lower in BCSCs than non-BCSCs harvested from a xenografted primary human breast cancer in NOD/SCID mouse while FUT1 was slightly lower in BCSCs. In conclusion, the Globo H expression is lower or absent on BCSCs than non-BCSCs. Although the overall frequency of the expression of its precursor, SSEA3, is higher than Globo H, SSEA3 is also less frequently detected in BCSCs than in non-BCSCs. Thus, the lower expression of Globo H in BCSCs may be attributed in part to the less frequent expression of SSEA3, in part to lower expression levels of FUT2/FUT1, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of Globo H.
Biomechanics of Stabilizing the Keratoconic Cornea

Although characterized by asymmetry in curvature, elevation, and thickness profile, the primary alteration in keratoconus is likely biomechanical, which leads to these secondary geometric changes. The keratoconic cornea is characterized by focal weakening under a uniform intraocular pressure load, which leads to a local increase in strain (stretch) and thinning in the area of pathology. Stress is a function of both curvature and thickness, with low thickness and low curvature associated with greater stress. Therefore, as the cornea thins the stress is redistributed, the curvature increases as a compensatory response. This leads to further thinning and additional increases in curvature. Thus, the initial focal weakening triggers a cycle of biomechanical decompensation and progression. This cycle can be interrupted and the cornea stabilized in two ways. First, stiffening using cornea collagen crosslinking will alter the cycle, with focal stiffening in the area of pathology predicted to reduce the biomechanical asymmetry and generate a greater response than global stiffening. Second, implantation of intracorneal rings immediately alters the curvature pattern and thus the stress distribution, interrupting the cycle of decompensation.
Immune reactive profiling in subjects at risk of latent tuberculosis infection with TST(+)/IGRA(-) results

Rationale: Asymptomatic subjects with positive tuberculin skin testing (TST) and negative interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results are often felt to have false(+) TST for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We hypothesized that optimized immune profiling methods in subjects with TST(+)/IGRA(-) can identify LTBI with potential false(-) whole-blood IGRA results. Objective: Optimized IGRA and flow cytometric (FC) antigen-specific immune reactive methods were applied to seek biomarkers that differentiate subjects with TST(+)/IGRA(-) at risk of LTBI from unexposed subjects. Methods: An ELISPOT and FC assay that detects induction of CD25+CD134+ co-expression on TB-antigen-stimulated T-cells from PBMCs after 2-day incubation with co-stimulatory antibodies. Results: Ninety-five subjects with TST(+)/IGRA(-) and TST(-)/IGRA(-) results were studied, including 68 (71.6%) subjects at risk of LTBI. There were statistical differences in ELISPOT (median sfc [IQR]) and FC assay (median %CD8+ T-cells) between subjects with TST(+)/IGRA(-) and TST(-)/IGRA(-) results: ELISPOT (ESAT6/CFP10 or RD1 peptides –nil)= 52.3[8-92] vs. 17.3[2.2-58.8] (P=0.033), ELISPOT (RD1 peptides –nil)/ELISPOT (PPD-nil) ratio= 64.1[27.4-117.9] vs. 25.7[7.6-74.0] (P=0.007), and FC assay for CD8+ T-cells (RD1 peptides –nil)= 0.17[0.04-1.08] vs. 0.07[0.0-0.24] (P=0.021). Subjects with TST(+)/IGRA(-) had higher likelihood of potential TB exposure than TST(-)/IGRA(-) subjects, after adjusting for BCG vaccination (OR=5.1 [95%CI:1.3-34.2]; P=0.017). Conclusion: The strategy of optimizing immunoassay analysis is capable of detecting subset profiles that distinguish subjects with TST(+)/IGRA(-) and potential false(-) IGRA results.
Radiation-associated epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma among five secondary malignancies: A case report and review of literature

Radiation-associated epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma among five secondary malignancies: A case report and review of literature
Supporting Children With Traumatic Brain Injury in the Schools

Purpose The purpose of this article was to present an overview of pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the school system process and how TBI can be approached within the system, and the ways ...
Nursing Home Characteristics Associated With Implementation of an Advance Care Planning Video Intervention

Abstract Objectives Advance care planning (ACP) is important to ensure that nursing home (NH) residents receive care concordant with their goals. Video interventions have been developed to improve the process of ACP. Yet, little is known about which NH characteristics are associated with implementation of ACP video interventions in clinical practice. Our objective was to examine NH-level characteristics associated with the implementation of an ACP video intervention as part of the Pragmatic trial of Video Education in Nursing Homes (PROVEN) trial. Design Cross-sectional study of NHs in PROVEN. Setting and participants 119 NHs randomized to receive the ACP video intervention. Measurements The outcomes were the proportion of short- ( Results Offer rates were 69% [standard deviation (SD): 28] for short-stay and 56% (SD: 20) for long-stay residents. Show rates were 19% (SD: 21) for short-stay and 17% (SD: 17) for long-stay residents. After adjusting for NH characteristics, compared to 1-star NHs, higher star-rated NHs had higher offer rates. Champions' participation in check-in calls was positively associated with both outcomes for long-stay residents. Conclusions/implications Lower-quality NHs seem unable to integrate a novel ACP video education program into routine care processes. Ongoing support for and engagement with NH staff to champion the intervention throughout implementation is important for the success of a pragmatic trial within NHs.
A Training Case of the Theory of Protective Factors of Monogamy

Practicing monogamy to avoid infidelity is a common relationship dynamic and expectation. Even so, few people are taught monogamy strategies. Instead, they might just receive the message of “Just d...
Knowledge-based classification of fine-grained immune cell types in single-cell RNA-Seq data with ImmClassifier

Abstract Single-cell RNA sequencing is an emerging strategy for characterizing the immune cell population in diverse environments including blood, tumor or healthy tissues. While this has traditionally been done with flow or mass cytometry targeting protein expression, scRNA-Seq has several established and potential advantages in that it can profile immune cells and non-immune cells (e.g. cancer cells) in the same sample, identify cell types that lack precise markers for flow cytometry, or identify a potentially larger number of immune cell types and activation states than is achievable in a single flow assay. However, scRNA-Seq is currently limited due to the need to identify the types of each immune cell from its transcriptional profile, which is not only time-consuming but also requires a significant knowledge of immunology. While recently developed algorithms accurately annotate coarse cell types (e.g. T cells vs macrophages), making fine distinctions has turned out to be a difficult challenge. To address this, we developed a machine learning classifier called ImmClassifier that leverages a hierarchical ontology of cell type. We demonstrate that ImmClassifier outperforms other tools (+20% recall, +14% precision) in distinguishing fine-grained cell types (e.g. CD8+ effector memory T cells) with comparable performance on coarse ones. Thus, ImmClassifier can be used to explore more deeply the heterogeneity of the immune system in scRNA-Seq experiments.
Abstract 13434: Improved Diagnostic Performance of Contemporary Transesophageal Echocardiography With Three-dimensional Imaging for Infective Endocarditis

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Conventionally, a repeat transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is necessary if the first TEE is negative, a...
Selenium oxyanion exchange with Mg(II)-Fe(III) and Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides

Abstract Immobilization of selenium oxyanions from water resources is a helpful strategy to mitigate exposure to Se at concentrations toxic to human and ecosystem health. Pyroaurite-type minerals are layered double hydroxides with high anion exchange capacity with relevance in subsurface environments and applicable to water treatment technologies. Three types of Mg(II)-Fe(III) pyroaurites and Fe(II)-Fe(III) green rusts were evaluated in kinetic studies to determine the influence of different interlayer anions on the uptake of dissolved selenate (SeO42−) and selenite (HSeO3−, SeO32−). Selenate and selenite uptake extents with pyroaurites were controlled by the identity of the interlayer anion according to the order Cl−> SO42−> CO32−, as predicted by known interlayer anion preferences for LDH. The kinetics of Se uptake typically expressed a rapid initial anion exchange step followed by a slow re-exchange back to solution due to competition with expelled interlayer anions. Excess dissolved interlayer anions and high pH values exacerbated this reverse exchange of Se. The results suggest Se oxyanions taken up by pyroaurites may not be firmly sequestered. Selenate uptake by redox-active green rust appears to be subject to the same interlayer anion preference as non-redox active pyroaurite, suggesting that the ability of green rust to reduce selenium oxyanions may be limited by the anion exchange process.
Susceptibility of widely diverse influenza a viruses to PB2 polymerase inhibitor pimodivir.

Pimodivir exerts an antiviral effect on the early stages of influenza A virus replication by inhibiting the cap-binding function of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2). In this study, we used a combination of sequence analysis and phenotypic methods to evaluate pimodivir susceptibility of influenza A viruses collected from humans and other hosts. Screening PB2 sequences for substitutions previously associated with reduced pimodivir susceptibility revealed a very low frequency among seasonal viruses circulating in the U.S. during 2015-2020 ( 100-fold reduced pimodivir susceptibility. Our findings demonstrate a broad inhibitory activity of pimodivir and expand the existing knowledge of amino acid substitutions that can reduce susceptibility to this investigational antiviral.
Measuring an ultrashort, ultraviolet pulse in a slowly responding, absorbing medium

Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a common technique for measuring ultrashort laser pulses using an instantaneous, nonlinear-optical interaction as a fast time-gate to measure the pulse intensity and phase. But at high frequencies, materials are often absorbing and it is not always possible to find a medium with a fast nonlinear-optical response. Here we show that an ultrashort, ultraviolet (UV) pulse can be measured in a strongly absorbing medium, using the absorption as the nonlinear-optical time-gate. To do this, we build on our recent implementation of FROG, known as induced-grating cross-correlation FROG (IG XFROG), where an unknown, higher-frequency pulse creates a transient grating that is probed with a lower-frequency, more easily detectable reference pulse. We demonstrate this with an 800 nm reference pulse to characterize 400 nm or 267 nm pulses using ZnS as the nonlinear-optical medium, which is absorptive at and below 400 nm. By scanning the delay between the two UV pulses which create the transient grating, we show that the phase-sensitive instantaneous four-wave-mixing contribution to the nonlinear signal field can be detected and separated from the slower, incoherent part of the response. Measuring a spectrally-resolved cross-correlation in this way and then applying a simple model for the response of the medium, we show that a modified generalized projections (GP) phase-retrieval algorithm can be used to extract the pulse amplitude and phase. We test this approach by measuring chirped UV pulses centered at 400 nm and 267 nm. Since interband absorption (or even photoionization) is not strongly wavelength-dependent, we expect IG XFROG to be applicable deeper into the UV.
The QCD Flux Tubes

The story of QCD flux tubes started in the 1960s, prior to the discovery of QCD, with two important hints.
Returning to teaching during COVID‐19: An empirical study on elementary teachers' self‐efficacy

The purpose of this study was to explore how the new teaching approaches and requirements because of COVID-19 impacted elementary teachers' self-efficacy, specifically instructional and engagement efficacy. The current study included 329 participants from across the United States who completed the Teacher Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) subsections of instructional and engagement. The results found the average teacher efficacy scores for both instructional and engagement were lower than TSES scores of instructional and engagement in previous studies. The results also indicated teachers who were teaching virtually had the lowest instructional efficacy scores compared to teachers teaching in a hybrid or all in-person model. However, the results suggested no difference in engagement efficacy score based on the instructional approach. There was also no difference in both instructional and engagement efficacy based on previous accolades or teacher location.
Haemiballism/haemichorea: an atypical presentation of ischaemic stroke.

A 76-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of involuntary movements of the left side of his body. His neurological examination revealed he was oriented only to himself, and aforementioned movements of his left arm and leg. CT head demonstrated old infarcts in his right aspect of his pons and basal ganglia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. He initially had a normal blood glucose with an elevated anion gap and elevated creatine kinase. Brain MRI showed a small lacunar-type ischaemic infarct within the anteromedial aspect of the right cerebral peduncle, which localised to his haemiballism. To prevent worsening rhabdomyolysis associated with his haemiballism, the primary team initiated both tetrabenazine and diazepam. His movements improved after 1 week of medication therapy. This report discusses a thorough workup for this movement disorder and when to intervene for this distressing condition.
Marital Experiences and Depression in an Arranged Marriage Setting.

Understanding the consequences of marital experiences for individual mental health provides insight into how social relationships shape individual well-being. Using newly available, clinically vali...
C2RTL: A High-level Synthesis System for IP Lookup and Packet Classification

IP lookup and packet classification are two core functions of a router. IP lookup involves performing the longest prefix match (LPM) of the destination IP address. Packet classification involves finding the best match in a multi-field ruleset where each field needs an exact or prefix match. ASIC based IP lookup and packet classification are traditionally designed in a register transfer level (RTL) hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL. However, manually writing hardware logic is notoriously complicated and painful. This paper presents a High Level Synthesis (HLS) system named C2RTL. C2RTL generates hardware logic in Verilog RTL directly from IP lookup or packet classification algorithm implemented in C. C2RTL is implemented as a plugin of GCC compiler. It takes an IP lookup or packet classification algorithm (in C) as an input and generates corresponding synthesizable Verilog RTL code for pipelined ASIC. We developed several IP lookup and packet classification algorithms in C2RTL and generated corresponding Verilog RTL. We evaluated the resulting RTL code with OpenROAD EDA.
Last Glacial snowlines in the Tibetan Plateau: an argument against an extensive coalescing icesheet

Two opposing theories are circulating with regard to the extent of the Last Glacial ice cover in the Tibetan Plateau. One says that only less than 20% of plateau was covered with ice, and another insists that the plateau be completely covered with an extensive coalescing icesheet. The extent of the ice cover is thought to be significant in shaping global climatic systems, and a further discussion on this issue may help to understand the earth's surface feedback mechanisms to the global climates. This paper focuses on the Last Glacial snowline reconstruction and uses the reconstructed snowline to argue against the existence of an extensive coalescing icesheet. The reconstructed Last Glacial snowlines suggest that the snowlines dropped 500–700 m in the western and northern marginal mountains and about 1000 m in the southern and eastern marginal mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the magnitude of the snowline dropping decreases dramatically towards the interior of the plateau, from 300–400 m in those mountains adjacent to the marginal mountains to about 100 m in the driest area in the interior. This means that the snowlines were too high and associated glaciers were too limited to extend to the vast intermountainous basins. To be blamed are weakened summer monsoons and lowered condensation elevations, both of which were probably responsible for not bringing in an adequate amount of precipitation into the interior for developing an extensive coalescing icesheet. The relatively high radiation in these relatively low latitudes could be a major negative force to prevent the snow and ice from forming a coalescing icesheet. In contrast, the enhanced plateau blockade to the monsoons may have helped to significantly lower the snowlines and expand the glaciers in the outer slopes of the southern and eastern marginal mountains. The westerlies may have greatly helped those glaciers in the western and northern marginal mountains.
THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN B6 IN HUMAN NUTRITION.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance of vitamin B6 in human nutrition. The fundamental metabolic role of vitamin B6 is probably one of the reasons it is so widespread in nature. It is found in so many kinds of food that some is obtained by almost every one. Severe vitamin B6 deficiency is a relatively rare condition unless some stress or unusual circumstance intervenes. Although there is an abundance of evidence that proves that vitamin B6 is essential for man, the full clinical effect of the deficiency has not been determined for different ages or conditions of stress. The optimal amount required has not been accurately determined, nor do we know the effects of long continued partial deficiency. The practical importance of vitamin B6 in infant feeding was demonstrated by the occurrence of several cases of convulsive seizures in infants fed a formula in which, by accident, the vitamin B6 had been greatly reduced. Vitamin B6 also appears to play an important role in hematopoiesis. Vitamin B6 deficiency results in a hypochromic, microcytic anemia in many different species of animals. Vitamin B6 has long been used clinically on an empirical basis in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy.
6-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione Derivatives as Novel D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors.

A series of 2-substituted 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione derivatives were synthesized as inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). Many compounds in this series were found to be potent DAAO inhibitors, with IC50 values in the double-digit nanomolar range. The 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione pharmacophore appears metabolically resistant to O-glucuronidation unlike other structurally related DAAO inhibitors. Among them, 6-hydroxy-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 11h was found to be selective over a number of targets and orally available in mice. Furthermore, oral coadministration of d-serine with 11h enhanced the plasma levels of d-serine in mice compared to the oral administration of d-serine alone, demonstrating its ability to serve as a pharmacoenhancer of d-serine.
Maternal Lactoferrin in the Urine of Preterm Infants

Intact (i.e., 78-kDa) lactoferrin has been purified from the urine of preterm infants fed human milk. The maternal origin of this lactoferrin, and the integrity of its primary structure have been documented. Computer analyses of the circular dichroism spectra revealed a composite secondary structure for the urinary lactoferrin that was indistinguishable from that of purified human milk lactoferrin and similar to that observed in the crystal structure. Intact function was suggested by iron binding; an approximate 2:1 molar ratio of iron to lactoferrin was confirmed. Thus, maternal lactoferrin is absorbed intact by the preterm infant and appears to remain structurally and functionally intact within the circulatory system and during urinary excretion. It is possible, therefore, that maternal lactoferrin has an immunoregulatory influence in newborn infants fed human milk.
Voronoi region-based spatiotemporal GIS databases

The use of Voronoi diagrams in GIS-oriented spatiotemporal databases is considered. The Voronoi algorithms generate appropriate meshes for data interpolation. We illustrate the data representation in this database generated from a point-based spatiotemporal relation in the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) database.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a large class of genetic disorders characterized by disruption of cellular biochemical functions. Although individual IEMs are rare, collectively they represent a large and diverse class of genetic conditions, with new disorders and disease mechanisms being described regularly. Advances in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical etiologies of many IEMs via modalities such as whole-exome sequencing and metabolomics have led to significant progress in detection and treatment in recent years. In this review, we examine the current state of newborn screening for IEMs, recent advances in therapy for IEMs (including glutaric aciduria type I, urea cycle disorders, mitochondrial disorders, and lysosomal storage disorders), and opportunities for further exploration and discovery.