cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gas sorption and luminescence properties of a terbium(III)-phosphine oxide coordination material with two-dimensional pore topology

The structure, stability, gas sorption properties and luminescence behaviour of a new lanthanide-phosphine oxide coordination material are reported. The polymer PCM-15 is based on Tb(III) and tris(p-carboxylated) triphenylphosphine oxide and has a 5,5-connected net topology. It exhibits an infinite three-dimensional structure that incorporates an open, two-dimensional pore structure. The material is thermally robust and remains crystalline under high vacuum at 150 °C. When desolvated, the solid has a CO2 BET surface area of 1187 m2 g−1 and shows the highest reported uptake of both O2 and H2 at 77 K and 1 bar for a lanthanide-based coordination polymer. Isolated Tb(III) centres in the as-synthesized polymer exhibit moderate photoluminescence. However, upon removal of coordinated OH2 ligands, the luminescence intensity was found to approximately double; this process was reversible. Thus, the Tb(III) centre was used as a probe to detect directly the desolvation and resolvation of the polymer.
The development of inclusions in sugar beets infected with the beet-yellows virus

Abstract The inclusion bodies that occur in sugar beets ( Beta vulgaris L.) infected with the beet-yellows virus were first recognized in the phloem of seedlings collected 7 days after inoculation with the virus. In material collected earlier only masses of granular material were present in similar cells. The granular state was succeeded by a fibrous one. The fibrils, when first detected, were dispersed. Later, fibrous spindle-shaped bodies were present. The banded type of inclusion body was detected sometimes as early as the fibrous, sometimes later. The banded type was recognized in living material, and in such material it showed a faint double refraction. The bands consist of units that may be described as rodlets, which are as high as the bands are wide. The banded and the fibrous type are interrelated. A fibrous background structure may be recognized in the banded type and there are also bodies that are transitional in structure between the banded and the fibrous. The cytoplasmic changes leading to the formation of inclusions are initiated in nucleate cells next to mature enucleate sieve elements. Later the inclusions appear also in tissues outside the phloem.
Analysis of embedded web applications for honeypot emulation programs

This paper describes a process for analyzing web server requests and responses for use in developing emulation programs for low interaction honeypot responses. In order to manage the complexity of this task, this approach first identifies that static and dynamic resources made available from a web server. Then, for each dynamic resource a fuzzing approach was used to generate and analyze the range of responses for a range of requests, including ones with the types of malformed input that can appear in computer security attacks.
Architectural Breakdown of End-to-End Latency in a TCP/IP Network

Adoption of the 10 GbE Ethernet standard has been impeded by two important performance-oriented considerations: 1) processing requirements of common protocol stacks and 2) end-to-end latency. The overheads of typical software based protocol stacks on CPU utilization and throughput have been well evaluated in several studies. In this paper, we focus on end-to-end latency and present a detailed characterization across typical server system hardware and software stack components. We demonstrate that application level end-to-end latency with a 10 GbE connection can be as low as 10 microseconds for a single isolated request. The paper analyzes the components of the latency and discusses possible significant variations to the components under realistic conditions. We note that methods that are used to optimize throughput can often be responsible for the perception that Ethernet based latencies can be very high. Methods to pursue reducing the minimum latency and controlling the variations are presented.
A reinterpretation of extinction in discriminated avoidance

Accepting escape from the warning signal and/or avoidance of shock as the source of reinforcement for the discriminated avoidance response, extinction is redefined in terms of withholding these effects following the response. The effects of warning intervals of 5, 10, and 20 sec on the redefined extinction procedure were reported, and rapid reliable decreases in responding were found for all Ss, similar to positive reinforcement studies.
Recursive determination of the generalized moore-penrose M-inverse of a matrix

In this paper, we obtain recursive relations for the determi- nation of the generalized Moore-Penrose M-inverse of a matrix. We develop separate relations for situations when a rectangular matrix is augmented by a row vector and when such a matrix is augmented by a column vector.
Telemetry systems and electric gun projectiles

The use of telemetry in gun-launched projectiles is not as common as in missile and aircraft systems. A primary reason is the launch environment of guns. Conventional solid propellant guns often produce launch accelerations approaching 100,000 g's. Additionally, if the bore is rifled, large lateral accelerations are also produced. Recently, the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) program has developed and demonstrated a series of telemetry products and technologies specifically designed to make gun-launched in-bore and flight measurements more routine and affordable. This paper reviews the products and flight experiences from the HSTSS program and addresses the potential use of the HSTSS products and techniques for use on projectiles launched from electromagnetic rail guns.
Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive Aspergillosis

Aspergillus species are globally ubiquitous saprophytes found in a variety of ecological niches. Almost 200 species of aspergilli have been identified, less than 20 of which are known to cause human disease. Among them, Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent and is largely responsible for the increased incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in the immunocompromised patient population. IA is a devastating illness, with mortality rates in some patient groups reaching as high as 90%. Studies identifying and assessing the roles of specific factors of A. fumigatus that contribute to the pathogenesis of IA have traditionally focused on single-gene deletion and mutant characterization. In combination with recent large-scale approaches analyzing global fungal responses to distinct environmental or host conditions, these studies have identified many factors that contribute to the overall pathogenic potential of A. fumigatus. Here, we provide an overview of the significant findings regarding A. fumigatus pathogenesis as it pertains to invasive disease.
Coherent v.l.f. Waves in the Magnetosphere [and Discussion]

V.l.f. whistler-mode waves in the magnetosphere may be generated by natural lightning and v.l.f. transmitters, or through resonant interactions with radiation belt electrons. Such v.l.f. waves provide information on the hot and cold components of the magnetospheric plasma. Energetic electrons precipitated by whistler-mode waves may generate Bremsstrahlung X-rays and enhance the electron density of the ionosphere. Coherent signals transmitted from the ground can be amplified up to 30 dB in the magnetosphere; the amplified signal may trigger discrete v.l.f. emissions of both rising and falling frequency. V.l.f. line radiation from the magnetosphere is observed, apparently controlled by power line harmonic radiation from the ground. Triggered emission can be explained by using a new principle in which waves and cyclotron-resonant electrons interchange energy through a feedback process. Applications of controlled wave injection include: (1) diagnostic study of the magnetosphere; (2) plasma physics experiments; (3) controlled precipitation; and (4) v.l.f. communications.
Identification of Enterobacteriaceae in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

A total of 5,137 enterobacterial clinical isolates were examined with three series of biochemical tests. The data were analyzed with respect to the use of economical and practical procedures for the accurate identification of lactose-fermenting and -nonfermenting Enterobacteriaceae within 24 hr after isolation.
Design and fabrication of a multilayered polymer microfluidic chip with nanofluidic interconnects via adhesive contact printing

The design and fabrication of a multilayered polymer micro-nanofluidic chip is described that consists of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) layers that contain microfluidic channels separated in the vertical direction by polycarbonate (PC) membranes that incorporate an array of nanometre diameter cylindrical pores. The materials are optically transparent to allow inspection of the fluids within the channels in the near UV and visible spectrum. The design architecture enables nanofluidic interconnections to be placed in the vertical direction between microfluidic channels. Such an architecture allows microchannel separations within the chip, as well as allowing unique operations that utilize nanocapillary interconnects: the separation of analytes based on molecular size, channel isolation, enhanced mixing, and sample concentration. Device fabrication is made possible by a transfer process of labile membranes and the development of a contact printing method for a thermally curable epoxy based adhesive. This adhesive is shown to have bond strengths that prevent leakage and delamination and channel rupture tests exceed 6 atm (0.6 MPa) under applied pressure. Channels 100 µm in width and 20 µm in depth are contact printed without the adhesive entering the microchannel. The chip is characterized in terms of resistivity measurements along the microfluidic channels, electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurements at different pH values and laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) detection of green-fluorescent protein (GFP) plugs injected across the nanocapillary membrane and into a microfluidic channel. The results indicate that the mixed polymer micro–nanofluidic multilayer chip has electrical characteristics needed for use in microanalytical systems.
The design and implementation of tripwire: a file system integrity checker

At the heart of most computer systems is a file system. The file system contains user data, executable programs, configuration and authorization information, and (usually) the base executable version of the operating system itself. The ability to monitor file systems for unauthorized or unexpected changes gives system administrators valuable data for protecting and maintaining their systems. However, in environments of many networked heterogeneous platforms with different policies and software, the task of monitoring changes becomes quite daunting.Tripwire is tool that aids UNIX system administrators and users in monitoring a designated set of files and directories for any changes. Used with system files on a regular (e.g., daily) basis, Tripwire can notify system administrators of corrupted or altered files, so corrective actions may be taken in a timely manner. Tripwire may also be used on user or group files or databases to signal changes.This paper describes the design and implementation of the Tripwire tool. It uses interchangeable “signature” (usually, message digest) routines to identify changes in files, and is highly configurable. Tripwire is no-cost software, available on the Internet, and is currently in use on thousands of machines around the world.
SecLoc – secure localization in WSNs using CDS

Originally, the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance and land-mine detection. Over time, however, WSNs have found a wide range of applications in diverse domains such as industrial automation and monitoring, environmental and habitat monitoring, health-care applications, home automation, traffic regulation, smart hospitals, etc. In all these domains, the data sensed by the sensor nodes are reported to a central server called a base station, which then initiates appropriate actions based on the reported data. To this end, the location of sensors is very critical since the monitored event can be detrimental causing irreversible damage – such as forest fire, if the location of sensors is compromised and/or inaccurate. In this paper, we propose SecLoc – a novel localization method for WSNs, which can be easily extended to other wireless and mobile and ad-hoc networks. The proposed method exploits the connected dominating set (CDS) property of a network graph. SecLoc, to the best of our knowledge, is the first localization model to exploit the CDS property for accurate and secure node localization in WSNs. In out proposed method, a set of specialty nodes, called the beacon nodes, with large resource base, assume the role of Dominant nodes. The beacon nodes are responsible for both accurate and secure localization of nodes. We confirm the efficiency and robustness of our model through simulation results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stories From a Mexican American Partera Life on the Texas–Mexico Border

This is a case study about an 87-year-old Mexican American partera and her stories about her life and practice on the Texas–Mexico border from the 1930s until 1995. These stories describe strong and competent women who rode horses to remote areas to help with many deliveries of babies throughout their lives. Sra. B, the lay midwife agreed to be interviewed so that her work could be shared with others. The stories discussed told part of what she lived. These stories included clinical pearls that told about how to use “a few drops of oregano . . . and salt,” and how to handle situations in which “the Lord was the only one who could help us,” among others. These interviews tell part of the story about how Sra. B learned, lived, and practiced as a partera and how she is remembered by the families throughout the area.
Power Flow Characterization of a Bidirectional Galvanically Isolated High-Power DC/DC Converter Over a Wide Operating Range

This paper studies the power flow characterization of a bidirectional galvanically isolated high-power dual active bridge DC/DC converter. In experimental tests at the University of Michigan, we have observed three phenomena, which we term as internal power transfer, phase drift, and low system efficiency, that are present under certain operating conditions. These phenomena cannot be explained by conventional power transfer analysis. The authors develop a new model, based on a detailed analysis over a short time scale, that incorporates additional parameters, including the power semiconductor voltage loss and dead time. The new power flow model may be used to explain the observed phenomena and to characterize the power flow of the converter. The model may also be used to perform accurate power flow computations over a wide operating range, thereby supporting optimal hardware design, operating range selection, and power management strategy development. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the validity of the new model.
Position and Momentum Uncertainties of the Normal and Inverted Harmonic Oscillators under the Minimal Length Uncertainty Relation

p 2 ). This deformed commutation relation leads to the minimal length uncertainty relationx � (~/2)(1/�p + ��p), which implies thatx � 1/�p at smallp whilex � �p at largep. We find that the uncertainties of the energy eigenstates of the normal harmonic oscillator (m > 0), derived in Ref. (1), only populate thex � 1/�p branch. The other branch, �x � �p, is found to be populated by the energy eigenstates of the 'inverted' harmonic oscillator (m p 2(~ 2 /k|m|) 1/4 . Correspondence with the classical limit is also discussed.
YOUNG SCHOLARS INWRITING FEATURE: YOUNG SCHOLARS IN FIRST-YEARWRITING

Editors' introduction to the first-ever Spotlight on First-Year Writing in Young Scholars in Writing.
Brown tumor of the facial bones.

A 37-year-old woman had a 9-year history of chronic renal failure on dialysis. She presented with a nasal mass of approximately 6 months duration. Examination revealed a firm mass pushing the right nasal bones outward as well as a mass obstructing the right nasal fossa. Paranasal sinus radiographs revealed a large soft-tissue mass in the region of the right ethmoidal sinus with bone erosion of the medial orbital wall. Partial opacification of the right frontal and maxil­ lary sinuses was present. A CT scan showed a mass arising in the right ethmoidal sinus causing destruction and expansion medially toward the nasal septum, inferiorly into the maxillary sinus , and laterally to involve the medial orbital wall. Scattered fl ecks of calcifi­ cation were present within the soft-tissue component (Fig. 1 ). Surg ery revealed a hard , almost bonelike tissue obliteratin g and occupying the entire right ethmoidal sinus and involving the maxillary sinus. The nasal septum was not involved. The sphenoidal and frontal sinuses were clear of disease. The tumor was completely removed, as were the medial portion of the infraorbital rim, the nasal bone on the right, the entire ethmoidal sinus, and the medial maxilla. Histologic diagnosis of the specimen was Brown tumor.
A novel method for blind segmentation of Thai continuous speech

This paper describes an acoustical investigation on Thai speech segmentation using a combination of average level crossing rate (ALCR) and root-mean-square (RMS) energy. Simple and easy to compute, ALCR information alone was successfully used in an automatic speech segmentation system for English. However, ALCR has never been applied to Thai. As a result, the objective of the study is to apply ALCR information to ascertain its usefulness in detecting significant temporal changes in continuous Thai Speech. An experiment was conducted on a small speech corpus containing 21 sentences. Preliminary results suggest that ALCR and RMS energy can be used to detect the phonetic boundary between obstruent initial consonant and preceding/following vowel. In addition, it can also be used to detect boundary between final consonant of the preceding syllable and initial consonant of the following syllable except for the case involving two successive non-identical nasals. The overall accuracy is around 81% for data from four speakers.
Nonlinear groundwater and agricultural land use change in Rajasthan, India

Since the 1950s, the rapid expansion of groundwater irrigation globally has led to dramatic shifts in land use. Nowhere is this more true than in India where, since the 1960s, groundwater irrigation has expanded to 34.5 million hectares, 70 % of the country’s total. Yet we do not know the character of this landscape nor the degree to which changes in land use are the result of multiple ecological and social drivers. Therefore, this article asks: (1) what is the relationship between groundwater decline and agricultural land use change in India, and what does it mean for the future of agricultural intensification; and (2) in what ways do social institutions produce and adapt to this change, while leading to yet further shifts in land use? This chapter draws on government statistics and from household surveys and interviews from a case study in the semiarid state of Rajasthan, India, to examine these questions.
Biopsy‐proven pulmonary capillaritis: A retrospective study of aetiologies including an in‐depth look at isolated pulmonary capillaritis

Background and objective Pulmonary capillaritis is generally secondary to a systemic autoimmune process. Little is known regarding other causes of pulmonary capillaritis, particularly isolated pulmonary capillaritis (IPC). IPC is defined as pulmonary capillaritis in the absence of evidence of a systemic disease. We aim to describe the aetiology of biopsy-proven pulmonary capillaritis to add to the existing knowledge on aetiologies of pulmonary capillaritis and provide a more detailed description of IPC cases. Methods A retrospective cohort of biopsy-proven pulmonary capillaritis was conducted at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester over a 17-year period. Histologic slides were re-reviewed by a lung pathologist. Medical records were reviewed to identify a possible aetiology of the pulmonary capillaritis. A subset analysis of patients identified with IPC was then performed. Results Thirty-six cases of biopsy-proven pulmonary capillaritis were identified. The majority of cases were secondary to a systemic autoimmune disease, most commonly granulomatosis with polyangiitis. There were four cases of IPC in this cohort. Median follow-up was 116.5 months with no evidence of systemic disease development. No risk factors for IPC were identified. All patients presented sub-acutely with haemoptysis and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage with a delay in diagnosis. After initiation of immunosuppression, most patients obtained remission with a benign clinical course. Conclusion Pulmonary capillaritis is most commonly secondary to systemic autoimmune disorders, predominantly ANCA-associated vasculitis. IPC is a rare form of pulmonary capillaritis with very few cases described in the literature, the availability of effective treatment makes this rare disease important to recognize.
Online vs. Print Journals: New Challenges for Academic Medical Libraries

In recent years many published articles have compared costs, benefits, and various pros and cons of acquiring print versus online full-text journals. However, for medical and scientific titles where currency is of the essence, do medical libraries still have a choice of whether to get one or the other? This paper will discuss costs, archiving, and future concerns faced by the University of South Alabama Biomedical Library. The authors conclude that acquiring electronic journals has become more critical than print only when both are not affordable.
Enzymatic treatment of stickwater from fishmeal industry with the protease from Cucurbita ficifolia

The protease fromC. ficifolia was applied to stickwater prior to evaporation. The evaporator was operated at reduced viscosities with an increase in solid concentration beyond 50% as compared to the untreated substrate.
American consumer boycotts in response to rising food prices: Housewives' protests at the grassroots level

This historical review of consumer economic boycotts in the 20th century finds that from the early 1900s to the 1970s, consumers at the grassroots level repeatedly launched boycotts in response to price rises for food. What is particularly noteworthy about these protest actions is the important roles assumed by housewives, both as leaders and followers. Also of interest is the ad hoc nature of the boycott efforts and their inability to have more than a temporary remedial effect on the retail pricing practices which prompted the boycott actions. The paper ends with a discussion of the demise of the price-increase boycotts, a discussion which draws heavily on the changing role of American women in the late 20th century.
Verdrehung oder Torsion

Ein Stab wird auf Torsion oder Verdrehung beansprucht, wenn zwei gleich grose, entgegengesetzt gerichtete Momente in zwei Ebenen senkrecht zur Stabachse auf ihn wirken. Zwischen diesen beiden Ebenen wirkt in jedem Querschnitt das gleiche Verdrehungsmoment. Ist der Stab in mehr als zwei Ebenen — senkrecht zur Stabachse — Verdrehungsmomenten ausgesetzt, so ist das Verdrehungsmoment jeweils zwischen 2 jener Ebenen gleich, ebenso wie die Scherkraft zwischen 2 Lasten gleich ist. Legt man einen Schnitt durch den Stab, so ist die resultierende ausere Kraft auf der einen Seite des Schnittes ein Kraftepaar, das in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Stabachse wirkt.
Reduced gravity experiment capabilities of NASA Lewis' DC-9 aircraft

NASA Lewis recently started operations of a DC-9 aircraft reduced gravity experiment facility. The Center developed the aircraft to fly Og,fractional g,and free-float trajectories and to support up to 8 low gravity experiments and 20 accompanying researchers on each flight.The paper discusses the facility's development, operating characteristics,and experiment interfacing characteristics.
GENETIC VARIANCE FOR RATE OF POPULATION INCREASE IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF FLOUR BEETLES, TRIBOLIUM SPP.

The genetic and ecological effects of population subdividsion were investigated for two wild strains of Tribolium castaneum and two wild strains of T. confusum and compared with the effects of population subdivision on the synthetic laboratory strain of T. castaneum (c-SM), used extensively in earlier experiments. For the c-SM strain, it has been shown repeatedly, for a variety of different population structures (different combinations of effective numbers, Ne , and migration rates, m), that large heritable differences in population growth rate arise among demes during 10 to 15 generations of population subdivision. Because this laboratory strain was synthesized by mass mating several "inbred" strains in 1973 (80 to 100 generations ago), it is possible that it has genetic variation for fitness (measured as the heritable variance among demes in the rate of population increase) unusually large compared to natural populations of flour beetles. In this paper, I report that natural populations of flour beetle exhibit as much or more phenotypic and genetic variation in the effects of population structure on fitness than the laboratory strain, c-SM. The observation of substantial heritable variation for fitness in natural populations is unexpected under additive theory and may be indicative of nonadditive genetic variance.
Field replacement insulation systems large rotating machinery

A large amount of technical information has been written and published on many insulation system concepts and system details for the original manufacture of rotating apparatus, but relatively little information exists on concepts and systems of the service organization who have to rebuild this equipment when it becomes necessary, therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss a “Service Insulation System” developed as a replacement system for rebuilding large rotating machinery.
A web-based system for maintaining a departmental personnel list and telephone directory

Although creating an initial web site can be relatively easy, maintaining a web site and keeping its content up to date can be a challenge. Smaller organizations do not always have the resources to support dedicated web designers and authors, therefore these groups must find other strategies for keeping their web presence up to date. This paper describes an approach being taken at the Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying and Science to maintain a departmental personnel list and telephone directory. The system is highly automated and spreads the maintenance tasks across the entire organization staff. The paper describes the architecture of the resulting system and discusses related security and implementation issues. An unusual model for maintaining quality control of web content is also presented.
Thermal conductivity in the ab plane of untwinned YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

We present measurements of thermal conductivity (\ensuremath{\kappa}) in the ab plane of untwinned ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.10) for T\ensuremath{\le}200 K. \ensuremath{\kappa} has been measured with heat flow along both the a and b axes and for two oxygen configurations of the same crystal. The conductivity anisotropy has its maximum value at the conductivity peak (T\ensuremath{\approxeq}40 K), where we find ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\kappa}}}_{\mathit{a}}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\kappa}}}_{\mathit{b}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}1.15 before and after an oxygen anneal. Very little ab anisotropy in the magnitude of \ensuremath{\kappa} is observed in the normal state, though near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ the temperature dependences are noticeably different for the two directions: d\ensuremath{\kappa}/dTg0 along the b axis and d\ensuremath{\kappa}/dT0 along the a axis. Near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ (T\ensuremath{\le}110 K) \ensuremath{\kappa} is enhanced slightly for both transport directions, features we attribute to the effect of superconducting fluctuations.
Building on the Legacy of Georges Lemaître in Contemporary Cosmology

For many years now theoretical cosmologists have been building on the rich legacy of Georges Lemaitre’s ideas and accomplishments in mathematically modelling the structure and dynamics of the universe. His recognition and careful demonstration of the viability and attractiveness of expanding models of the universe, along with his seminal idea of the “primeval atom,” which would later be referred to as the Big Bang, are very well known. This has led directly, through other important contributions by Friedmann, Robertson and Walker, to the standard perfectly isotropic and spatially homogeneous (smooth) Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) models of our universe. These are certainly a key part of Lemaitre’s legacy. After reviewing those models, we discuss another very important, but less well-known, contribution to fundamental cosmology, his general spherically symmetric cosmological solutions with pressure and a cosmological constant (vacuum energy, which is a leading candidate for dark energy). These models are generalizations of the FLRW models and, in general, are inhomogeneous. In recent years they have stimulated a great deal of research in the quest for further confirming the standard model, understanding the limitations of its perturbed versions, or possibly replacing it with something more adequate. Their importance for advancing our understanding and modelling of the universe, and the ways in which they are presently being studied and deployed, is described and discussed.
Procedures for Defining and Analyzing Cognitive Maps of the Mildly and Moderately Mentally Retarded

In recent years, almost every state government has been faced with cutbacks in budgets for mental health. A direct result of this has been an instruction to state-supported institutions to cut down on patient populations. Frequently, patients have been released from state institutions and reincarcerated in private nursing homes. However, a significant proportion of the mildly and moderately retarded patients have been turned out of the institutional setting and have been expected to operate and survive within the context of everyday urban environments. Many social workers and others concerned with deinstitutionalized retarded populations have expressed extreme dissatisfaction with policies concerning the release of patients. While many of these released individuals exhibit the basic personal, vocational and social skills needed to survive in an external environment such as a city, they have rarely been taught how to comprehend the spatial structure of urban environments or how to use such environments adequately on a day by day basis.
Ultrasound vs. Computed Tomography for Severity of Hydronephrosis and Its Importance in Renal Colic.

Introduction: Supporting an “ultrasound-first” approach to evaluating renal colic in the emergency department (ED) remains important for improving patient care and decreasing healthcare costs. Our primary objective was to compare emergency physician (EP) ultrasound to computed tomography (CT) detection of hydronephrosis severity in patients with suspected renal colic. We calculated test characteristics of hydronephrosis on EP-performed ultrasound for detecting ureteral stones or ureteral stone size >5mm. We then analyzed the association of hydronephrosis on EP-performed ultrasound, stone size >5mm, and proximal stone location with 30-day events. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of ED patients with suspected renal colic undergoing CT. Subjects had an EP-performed ultrasound evaluating for the severity of hydronephrosis. A chart review and follow-up phone call was performed. Results: We enrolled 302 subjects who had an EP-performed ultrasound. CT and EP ultrasound results were comparable in detecting severity of hydronephrosis (x2=51.7, p 5mm less likely (NPV 89%; LR-0.39). Larger stone size > 5mm was associated with 30-day events (OR 2.30, p=0.03). Conclusion: Using an ultrasound-first approach to detect hydronephrosis may help physicians identify patients with renal colic. The lack of hydronephrosis on ultrasound makes the presence of a larger ureteral stone less likely. Stone size >5mm may be a useful predictor of 30-day events.
Realizing ReMoRa (Reflection of Modulated Radio) Ambient Scatter Communication Links With Perfect Pulses

This paper explains how to construct and apply perfect pulses —antipodal binary waveforms with extraordinary dc-nulling properties—to an ambient scatter communications link. Several methods for employing perfect pulses in digital modulation schemes, with particular emphasis on backscatter (and simply scatter) radio modulation, are demonstrated. These waveforms enable a completely new type of RF information exchange by piggy-backing useful information onto ambient wireless signals using low-powered electronics. A mathematical model of perfect pulses is shared as well as an overview of their spectral properties. A signal parameter calculation method is presented for desired backscatter message design and spectral characteristics, later implemented in an experimental set-up. Software simulations of perfect pulse enabled communications depict the creation of the channel waveforms, modulation onto a pseudo-random ambient carrier, and retrieval of the intended message data from the noisy and interference laden received signal. A robust receiver system is described which can be implemented via simple post-processing techniques in a software defined system or as a low-cost, low-power RF circuit using commercial-off-the-shelf components. Experimentally retrieved data is used to create a realistic estimate of bit rate errors compared to more traditional waveforms using an ambient FM radio station signal.
A randomized controlled trial of resistance and endurance exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective: Evaluate the safety and tolerability of resistance and endurance exercise in ALS participants as measured by their ability to complete this six-month study. Methods: Participants were ra...
Nonparty Insurers in Federal Civil Actions: The Need For New Written Civil Procedure Laws

Written laws guiding civil actions in the federal district courts chiefly address the presentation, preparation and resolution of claims involving parties. However, the courts often also consider claims involving non-parties as well as non-claim matters involving parties and non-parties alike. Guidelines here mainly appear in federal precedents and, to a lesser extent, in local court rules. They often follow in-state court practices. The absence of written general laws for non-party claims and non-claim matters often leads to unnecessary confusion and unfair procedures. New, generally applicable written guidelines could help reduce uncertainty and promote fairness. To exemplify, we shall particularly explore possible reforms in settlement conference settings where the interests of non-party insurers are at stake, as well as in adjudicatory settings where non-party insurers seek recoveries from proceeds obtained by their insureds as party claimants. Before doing so, we will review briefly the major forms of adjudicatory and ancillary powers over non-party claims and non-claim matters not only to illustrate the absence of non-party insurers in written civil procedure laws, but also because any possible reforms must take account of these limited powers. We then shall examine several settlement conference and adjudicatory authority cases involving non-party insurers that have prompted confusion and unfairness. We conclude with suggestions on promoting fuller recognition and participation of non-party insurers in federal civil actions, as well as with some thoughts on other non-party claims and on non-claim matters.
Nonverbal Behavior and the Regulation of Everyday Life

One of the major tasks of any system of interpersonal relations is to insure that people conduct their interpersonal affairs with a minimum of embarrassment and discomfort. When two people meet, whether for business or pleasure, they are guided both by a shared sense of what is expected in that kind of situation and by the cues emitted by the other person. The behavior of the other person is a necessary clue to exactly how to behave because there is some latitude allowed in the interpretation of any situation. Thus, closing a business deal can be either a “strictly business” transaction or a friendly business one.
Theoretical lifetimes of Nb II z 4d3 5 (5)G3o and 3D3o levels.

Using relativistic configuration-interaction wave functions, we have obtained length and velocity f values for all lower J=2,3,4 (4d+5s${)}^{4}$ levels connected to the z ${4\mathrm{d}}^{3}$5p $^{5}\mathrm{G}_{3}^{\mathrm{o}}$, and $^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{3}^{\mathit{o}}$ levels. Our lifetime results for length and velocity operators are \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{5}$${\mathit{G}}_{3}^{\mathit{o}}$)=5.16 and 6.53 ns, respectively, and \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{3}^{\mathit{o}}$)=4.67 and 5.60 ns, respectively. These are in good agreement with the experimental values of 5.8\char21{}6.2 and 5.0 ns. As we find for hyperfine structure, the 4${\mathit{d}}^{4}$, 4${\mathit{d}}^{3}$5s interactions are important in generating accurate lifetime and f-value results.
The influence of virtual world interactions toward driving real world behaviors

In the recent years, virtual worlds have gained wide spread popularity and acceptance in a variety of application domains including training, education, social networking, and conceptual demonstrations. This is largely due to their ability to support modeling of fully textured high-resolution real world objects, to provide a compelling user experience, and to offer novel, rich and exploratory interactions to the user. However, the impact of familiarity with the real world domain and objects on user behavior is still unclear. In this study, we discuss the findings from a pilot study on a virtual world facility tour that was based on a real world facility. The objectives of the tour were threefold. First, we sought to understand the feasibility of using a virtual tour in lieu of the actual real world tour. Second, the tour was used as an educational tool to demonstrate several sustainable or efficient energy initiatives to the facility occupants. Specifically, the virtual tour consisted of an interactive energy dashboard, a low voltage LED based lighting demonstration, an illustration of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment operations during day and night, and renewable energy sources within the facility. Third, we sought to understand the impact of the tour on participants' future behaviors and attitudes toward sustainable energy. In order to address these overarching objectives, user feedback was collected using a survey after the users participated in the tour. We administered the survey to both occupants and nonoccupants of the facility to also understand the impact of familiarity on their behaviors. Users who were familiar with the facility were optimistic about their perception of learning how to navigate around the virtual replica than those who were not familiar. Our preliminary findings from the survey indicate that virtual worlds can have a positive impact on the users' behavior. Overall, we found that users' engagement during the virtual tour could contribute to learning and the development of lasting positive behaviors within virtual world, which can, in turn, translate into real world behaviors.
Rest and Exercise Myocardial Imaging in the Assessment of the Postoperative Cardiac Patient

An obvious application of the rest-and-exercise myocardial-imaging approach would be the study of patients having undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. The recent introduction of this surgical modality has significantly altered the therapeutic approach toward patients with coronary heart disease. Coronary revascularization procedures are now being performed in patients representing the entire spectrum of coronary disease, ranging from the situation of minimally symptomatic angina pectoris to cardiogenic shock. However, postoperative subjective improvement may not, in all cases, be due to increased myocardial perfusion. Reduction or elimination of symptoms in the individual patient may also result from perioperative infarction of ischemic muscle, partial denervation, or placebo effect. On the other hand, symptoms may persist in the presence of entirely patent bypass grafts. Dispute currently rages as to whether the procedure, even in the face of symptomatic improvement, will have a long-term effect on patient survival and prognosis. Definitive objective evaluation of the postoperative patient has required cardiac catheterization and contrast angiography, which by their very nature are limited in terms of sequential study. For this reason, a noninvasive means of evaluating graft patency and myocardial viability would have definite clinical and investigative value. To this end, we have applied rest and exercise 43K and 81Rb myocardial imaging to the study of the postoperative patient.
Scalp-recorded EEG localization in MRI volume data

Scalp-recorded EEG is a noninvasive and widely available tool for studying normal and dysfunctional human neurophysiology with unsurpassed temporal resolution. However, scalp-recorded EEG data is difficult to correlate with anatomy, and most current display and neural source estimation algorithms are based on unrealistic spherical or elliptical models of the head. It is possible to measure the positions of electrodes on the patient's scalp, and to register those electrode positions into the space of a high-resolution MRI volume, and to then use the patient-specific anatomy as the basis for display and estimation of neural sources. We use a surface matching algorithm to register digitized electrode and scalp surface coordinates to a three-dimensional MRI volume. This study uses fiducial markers in phantom and volunteer studies to quantitatively estimate the accuracy of the electrode registration method. Our electrode registration procedure is accurate to 2.21 mm for a realistic head phantom and accurate to 4.16 mm on average for five volunteers. This level of accuracy is considered within acceptable limits for clinical applications.
Detection and Compensation of Bandwidth Limitation and Modulation Nonlinearity in Coherent IQ Transmitter

By sweeping frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal stimulus, bandwidth limitation, modulation nonlinearity, power imbalance, and bias point are detected for coherent IQ transmitter. Bandwidth limitation and modulation nonlinearity are compensated by finite impulse response filter and memoryless Volterra filter.
How Police Officers Assess for Mental Illnesses

The authors examined how police officers assess for mental illnesses and how those assessments vary by location. Researchers conducted semistructured interviews with 15 officers working in two poli...
Socioeconomic resources predict trajectories of depression and resilience following disability.

OBJECTIVE Adjustment to chronic disability is a topic of considerable focus in the rehabilitation sciences and constitutes an important public health problem given the adverse outcomes associated with maladjustment. While existing literature has established an association between disability onset and elevated rates of depression, resilience and alternative patterns of adjustment have received substantially less empirical inquiry. The current study sought to model heterogeneity in mental health responding to disability onset in later life while exploring the impact of socioeconomic resources on these latent patterns of adaptation. METHOD Latent growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms surrounding physical disability onset in a population sample of older adults. Individuals with verified disability onset (n = 3,204) were followed across four measurement points representing a 6-year period. RESULTS Four trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: resilience (56.5%), emerging depression (17.2%), remitting depression (13.4%), and chronic depression (12.9%). Socioeconomic resources were then analyzed as predictors of trajectory membership. Prior education and financial assets at the time of disability onset robustly predicted class membership in the resilient class compared to all other classes. CONCLUSION The course of adjustment in response to disability onset is heterogeneous. Our results confirm the presence of multiple pathways of adjustment surrounding late-life disability, with the most common outcome being near-zero depressive symptoms for the duration of the study. Socioeconomic resources strongly predicted membership in the resilient class compared with all other classes, indicating that such resources may play a protective role during the stress of physical disability onset. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Bid Protests: A Representative Bidder Model

The goal of any procurement process is to obtain ‘value for money.’ Bid protest systems are intended to help. The U.S. Department of Defense, NATO, the EU, UN, OECD, and WTO, all authorize losing b...
Complement-Dependent Serum Bactericidal Assays for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The global spread of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea has spurred efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine against gonorrhea. Complement plays an important role in host defenses against Neisseria infections. Complement-dependent bactericidal activity of antibodies (either natural antibodies or those elicited by immunization) is a well-established correlate of protection against meningococcal infections. Although correlates of protection against gonococcal infection have not been defined, there is evidence to suggest that complement-mediated killing may also predict vaccine efficacy against this disease. This chapter describes methods to prepare human complement sources and perform bactericidal assays against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Computational laser forming origami of convex surfaces

Laser forming is a fabrication method that uses laser to fold sheets into 3D structures. To overcome the limitations in the traditional practice that relies on tedious manual design, this paper advances laser forming by developing computational methods that procedurally convert a polyhedron P into laser formable 2D patterns and folding instructions or report that P is not laser formable. Due to the limitation of the low-cost laser cutter considered in this paper, we will focus our discussion on laser forming convex surfaces. A 3D surface is called convex if the entire surface lies on the boundary of its convex hull. Our theoretical analysis shows that, even for convex surfaces, the laser formability can be expensive to determine. We then present a framework that efficiently computes patterns and motion instructions for laser forming convex surfaces. An end-to-end laser forming pipeline is presented with several fabrication results to demonstrate the capability and current limitations of the software and hardware framework.