cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A contested model for integrated medicine: acupuncture in Iceland

Abstract One way in which mainstream and alternative medicine can be integrated is documented in this case study of health care in Iceland, based on 5 months of anthropological field work. The situation is one of plural medicine, in which patients must decide for themselves how they will utilize some combination of conventional and alternative medicine, the latter being excluded from the national insurance system. To the extent that medical research demonstrates that certain alternative therapies are clinically efficacious for some diseases, the medical response in Iceland, as in many parts of the world, has been to perpetuate pluralism and to continue to marginalize alternative practitioners. This has been achieved because biomedical clinicians have appropriated for their own use the techniques that demonstrate efficacy. In Iceland this is true for acupuncture, which is now practiced by some physicians. It is recommended that dialogue be initiated to discuss ways in which exclusion and expropriation might be replaced by collaboration and synergism.
Anomaly intrusion detection based upon data mining techniques and fuzzy logic

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) attempt to identify attacks by comparing new data to predefined signatures known to be malicious (misuse IDSs) or to a model of normal behavior (anomaly-based IDSs). Anomaly intrusion detection approaches have the advantage of detecting previously unknown or new attacks, but suffer from the possible high false alarms due to the problem of behavior drifting and the difficulty of building an adaptive model. In this paper, we propose a model based on the data mining technique - naive Bayes classification to classify an input event (system call sequences generated from privileged processes) as “normal” or “anomalous” to detect system anomalous behavior. The independent frequency of each system call from a process collected under the normal conditions is the basis for the classifier. The ratio of the probability of a sequence from a process and the probability NOT from the process serves as the input of a fuzzy system for the classification. Experimental results in a data set consisting of both normal and intrusion traces show that the model can successfully detect most of intrusion traces with a very low false alarm rate.
Increased sensitivity of poliovirus detection in tap water concentrates by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Abstract This study developed a methodology to increase the sensitivity of enteric virus detection in tap water concentrates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of virus in reduced volumes of virus-containing water concentrates was successful following removal of PCR inhibitory substances. Poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B3 were seeded into 378 1 of tap water, concentrated with 1MDS filters, and reconcentrated by organic flocculation. The volume of concentrates was successfully reduced from 25 to 5 ml without loss of virus recovery. PCR detection of virus after treatment of a water concentrate (1.1 × 10 5 -fold concentration) with a Sephadex G-100 plus Chelex-100 column, or Sephadex G-50 plus Chelex-100 column, followed by heat treatment to release viral RNA, was compared with direct phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) extraction of viral RNA. The Sephadex G-50 plus Chelex-100 column did not remove inhibitory substances efficiently. The Sephadex G-100 plus Chelex-100 column could remove inhibitory substances, however, 99% of the viruses were also removed by the column. PCI extraction was found to be sufficient to remove inhibitory substances for reverse transcriptase (RT)-seminested PCR with a sensitivity of 0.2 plaque-forming units/10 μl (0.2 PFU/l tap water).
The Power of Shared Experience: Simultaneous Observation With Similar Others Facilitates Social Learning

Across disciplines, social learning research has been unified by the principle that people learn new behaviors to the extent that they identify with the actor modeling them. We propose that this conceptualization may overlook the power of the interpersonal situation in which the modeled behavior is observed. Specifically, we predict that contexts characterized by shared in-group attention are particularly conducive to social learning. In two studies, participants were shown the same written exchange in either paragraph or chat form across multiple interpersonal contexts. We gauged social learning based on participants’ tendency to imitate the form of the written exchange to which they were exposed. Across both studies, results reveal that imitation is especially likely among individuals placed in the specific context of simultaneous observation with a similar other. These findings suggest that shared in-group attention is uniquely adaptive for social learning.
Iterative Design of Concentration Factors for Jump Detection

The concentration method of edge detection was developed to compute the locations and values of jump discontinuities in a piecewise-analytic function from its first few Fourier series coefficients. The accuracy and characteristic features of the resulting jump approximation depend on Fourier space "filter" factors known as concentration factors. In this paper, we provide a flexible, iterative framework for the design of these factors. Previously devised concentration factors are shown to be the solutions of specific problem formulations within this new framework. We also provide sample formulations of the procedure applicable to the design of concentration factors for data with missing spectral bands. Several illustrative examples are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the method.
Hole and Hillock Formation in Gold Metallizations at Elevated Temperatures Deposited on Titanium, Vanadium, and Other Barrier Layers

Gold thin films are potentially important as thin metallizations in microelectronic devices because of their superior electromigration resistance. Gold thin films require, however, an intermediate layer which serves as a diffusion barrier between metallization and device, and which should improve the bondability to the substrate and the stability against hole formation at elevated temperatures. This study presents the effects of Ti and V underlays on the stability of gold films during annealing. Both barrier metals prevent hole formation in gold films during annealing but promote the growth of gold hillocks on the free gold surface. Grain growth in the gold/titanium composite film is negligible during annealing while underlays of V cause the gold grains to grow under similar conditions. Gold films on both underlays have a (111) preferred orientation parallel to the substrate. The properties of these and underlays of In, Cu, and Ni are compared. It is shown that underlays of Sn or In (and to a certain extent also of Ti) are preferable to Cu, Ni and V layers. Dunne Goldschichten sind aufgrund ihres uberlegenen Elektromigrationswiderstands potentiell bedeutsam als Dunnschichtleiterbahnen in mikroelektronischen Bauelementen. Dunne Goldschichten erfordern jedoch eine Zwischenschicht, die als Diffusionsbarriere zwischen Metallisierung und Bauelement dient, und die die Haftfahigkeit auf dem Substrat und die Stabilitat gegenuber Lochbildung bei erhohten Temperaturen verbessert. Es werden die Einflusse von Ti- und V-Unterschichten auf die Stabilitat von Goldfilmen wahrend des Anlassens untersucht. Beide Barriermetalle verhindern Lochbildung in Goldschichten wahrend der Temperung, fordern jedoch das Wachstum von Gold-“Hillocks” auf der freien Goldoberflache. Kornwachstum ist in Gold–Titan-Kopositschichten vernachlassigbar wahrend der Temperung, wahrend V-Unterschichten Anlas zu Goldkornerwachstum unter ahnlichen Bedingungen geben; Goldschichten auf beiden Unterschichten haben eine bevorzugte (111)-Orientierung parallel zum Substrat. Die Eigenschaften dieser Schichten werden mit Unterschichten von In, Sn, Cu und Ni verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, das Sn- oder In-Unterschichten (und in gewissem Mas auch bei Ti) gegenuber Cu-, Ni- und V-Schichten vorzuziehen sind.
Heterogeneous Reaction of NO2: Characterization of Gas-Phase and Adsorbed Products from the Reaction, 2NO2(g) + H2O(a) → HONO(g) + HNO3(a) on Hydrated Silica Particles

This study provides the first in-situ characterization of the products in the heterogeneous reaction 2NO2(g) + H2O(a) → HONO(g) + HNO3(a). Transmission FT-IR spectroscopy and UV−vis spectroscopy we...
A Unified Approach for the Discovery of Web and Peer-to-Peer Services

As the web service technology matures, other computing paradigms such as peer-to-peer gradually adopt the service-oriented approach and are beginning to expose functionality as services. Hence there will soon be a need for integration of these heterogeneous services, for the development of service-oriented applications. The first step to accomplish this is to establish a unified approach for service discovery. In this paper, we briefly present a query language along with its enacting service search engine which is used for effectively discovering web and p2p services in a unified manner.
A Distributed Load Balancing Scheme for Data Parallel Applications

In data parallel applications, a major source of load trnbalance is in the uneven didribtitton of data between the nodes. The majar contribution of this paper is the analysis o j a new distributed Ioad balancing scheme based on random probing. Sequential probing was shown to create hot spot problems. Random probing, on the other hand, avoids these hot spots problems. We hove modeled this load balancing scheme bath anaiytically and experimentally. Distributed Hash Joan was used as an example application. The experimenls were done on a BEN TC2OOO rnulttprocessov- system.
A new transthyretin variant Leu55Gln in a patient with systemic amyloidosis

We report a 40-year-old woman with a new transthyretin (TTR) variant, glutamine replacing leucine at residue 55 (Leu55Gln), who showed progressive somatic and autonomic neuropathy, glaucoma, and vitreous opacities. Symptoms of glaucoma appeared prior to the onset of the neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed amyloid deposition in the endoneurium, and immunohistochemical analysis was positive with anti-human TTR. Sequencing of the patient's DNA revealed the substitution of A for T at the second position of codon 55 of the TTR gene indicating an amino acid change from leucine to glutamine.
Probing the symmetry of the pairing state of unconventional superconductors by SQUID Interferometer Measurements

Abstract Phase-sensitive SQUID interferometer experiments have emerged as the most powerful technique for determining the symmetry of the pairing state of unconventional superconductors. This approach uses Josephson tunneling to probe specific directions in k-space and long-range phase coherence to measure the phase anisotropy of the order parameter, allowing a direct and definitive determination of the symmetry. Developed for testing the symmetry of the cuprates, corner SQUID and junction experiments indicate a sign change in the order parameter in orthogonal in-plane directions in YBCO, strong evidence for d x 2- y 2 pairing. Now, this technique is being applied to other classes of superconductors suspected to be unconventional.
Slow speech rate effects on stuttering preschoolers with disordered phonology

To study the effects of clinicians’ slow rate on the speech of children who stutter with and without a concomitant phonological disorder, an A–B–A–B single case design was used with six clinician–child dyads, where B ¼Clinician’s slow speech rate model. Two boys and one girl, aged 49–54 months, stuttering with disordered phonology (S+DP), were compared to three boys aged 42–50 months, stuttering with normal phonology (S+NP). Articulation rates were measured in phones per second (pps) in clinician–child adjacent utterance pairs. The S+NP dyads showed improved fluency in the B condition through a larger effect size, higher mean baseline stutter reductions and lower percentages of non-overlapping data than did the S+DP dyads. The S+DP girl showed relatively improved fluency in the B condition. S+DP children showed no articulation rate alignment (Range: 16% decrease to a 1.2% increase), whereas S+NP children averaged a 20% pps rate reduction (Range: 19.6–25.4% decrease), aligning with their clinicians who averaged a 38% pps rate reduction from baseline. The S+DP group spoke significantly (z ¼� 4.63; p50.00) slower at baseline (Mdn ¼6.9 pps; SE ¼0.07 pps) than S+NP children in previously published samples (Mdn ¼9.8 pps; SE ¼0.22 pps). Results suggest that a slow rate model alone is not effective for facilitating fluency in S+DP boys with time since onset of about 2 years.
Calculation of 6-hour D/P creatinine ratio from the 4-hour peritoneal equilibration test. The effect of dwell duration on the results.

Objectives Since the introduction of the peritoneal equilibration test (PET), the 4-hour dialysate/plasma creatinine (D/P Cr) has been used by several authors for determining continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) prescriptions. However, the results have been unsatisfactory because the 4-hr D/P Cr does not accurately reflect the D/P Cr in 24-hr collections. The PET and the 24-hr dialysate collections differ in the duration of dwell and the tonicity and volume of dialysate, all of which influence the equilibrated D/P Cr. It can be assumed that the D/P Cr in 24-hr collections in these patients is closer to a 6-hr D/P Cr. Because a 6-hr PET is inconvenient, we developed a mathematical model to calculate the 5- and 6-hr D/P using the results of a standard PET. Design In a retrospective analysis, D/P Cr ratios in 24-hr collections and D/P Cr ratios calculated from a mathematical formula were correlated. Using a mathematical model, the data collected fit an exponential relation of the type D/P = a(1-e-t/tau). The values of a and tau are unique for a given patient and were determined using a nonlinear regression technique. The formula performed well on our published data-the true and predicted 6-hr D/P Cr being 0.696 and 0.71, respectively. Setting The University Hospital and Clinics, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Dialysis Clinic, Inc., Columbia, Missouri. Patients All CAPD patients on four 2-L exchanges/day at the time of the 24-hr collections were included. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Closeness of 4-hr and 6-hr D/P Cr values to those of 24-hr ratios. Results The study group comprised 74 patients (age, mean +/- SEM: 56.4 +/- 1.8 yr) with 80 PETs and 145 (24-hr) collections. The interval between the two tests was 8.3 +/- 0.9 months (0-48.7 months). The median 24-hr D/P Cr of 0.760 did not differ significantly from the predicted median 6-hr D/P Cr of 0.755. A subgroup analysis, based on transport type, showed that this relationship was most precise in the high-average transporters. The predicted 6-hr D/P Cr was within 10% of the 24-hr D/P Cr in 48% of patients and within 20% in 77% of patients. The margin of error was greatest in the low transporters. Conclusions To conclude, the 4-hr D/P Cr from a PET cannot be used interchangeably with the D/P Cr in the 24-hr dialysate collections, hence, the clearances calculated thereof will be inaccurate. Using the proposed model, it is feasible to use the 4-hr PET results to obtain 5- and 6-hr D/P Cr values. In our study, using this model, the extrapolated 6-hr D/P Cr is similar to the D/P Cr in 24-hr dialysate collections only in the high-average transporters. Hence, the best way to determine clearances in peritoneal dialysis patients is still by collecting 24-hr dialysates.
Toward New Technologies for the Production of Lithium

The lightest of all metals, lithium is used in a variety of applications, including the production of organolithium compounds, as an alloying addition to aduminum and magnesium, and as the anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. All of the world’s primary lithium is produced by molten salt electrolysis. This article reviews the current technology for lithium extraction and assesses the prospects for change.
Metaheuristic Agent Processes (MAPS)

Agent-based models have had a remarkable impact in many areas of science, engineering and business. To achieve their full potential, however, these models must be extended to meet challenges of optimization that have so far been sidestepped or left unattended. Because classical optimization procedures are incapable of handling the complex problems that give rise to this challenge, a need arises for agent-based models to draw support from the field of metaheuristics.
Potassium efflux from amphibian atrium during the cardiac cycle. A reexamination.

Fine fibers from amphibian atrium were mounted in a microperfusion chamber and loaded with 42 K, followed by a rapid, nonisotopic wash during which the preparation was stimulated electrically. The stimulus was triggered and the "cold" effluent collected by a high-speed rotary fraction collector. Thus effluent corresponding to the same time interval in the cardiac cycle was always collected in the same tube. Large numbers of cycles were thus summed, decreasing the error in the tracer assay. Mechanical systole, previously shown to produce an artifact in the tracer efflux profile, was suppressed or prevented by various means. Under these conditions, a prolonged decrease in 42 K efflux was observed, corresponding in time to the plateau of the action potential. Experiments were also carried out with 22 Na, 45 Ca, and 82 Br, all of which showed primarily a single, positive efflux peak with its maximum within the first 50 msec of the action potential. Cell membrane permeability to K + appears to be markedly voltage dependent; and a diminished membrane permeability to K + apparently plays an important part in the generation of the plateau of the cardiac action potential.
Coordinating spatial referencing using shared gaze.

To better understand the problem of referencing a location in space under time pressure, we had two remotely located partners (A, B) attempt to locate and reach consensus on a sniper target, which appeared randomly in the windows of buildings in a pseudorealistic city scene. The partners were able to communicate using speech alone (shared voice), gaze cursors alone (shared gaze), or both. In the shared-gaze conditions, a gaze cursor representing Partner A’s eye position was superimposed over Partner B’s search display and vice versa. Spatial referencing times (for both partners to find and agree on targets) were faster with shared gaze than with speech, with this benefit due primarily to faster consensus (less time needed for one partner to locate the target after it was located by the other partner). These results suggest that sharing gaze can be more efficient than speaking when people collaborate on tasks requiring the rapid communication of spatial information. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
Structural and Individual Covariates of English Language Proficiency

This study evaluates the empirical merits of a multilevel model of English language proficiency among immigrants. The model represents a synthesis of Blau's theory of intergroup relations and the human capital model. Hypotheses derived from the model were tested using multilevel ordinal logistic analysis with individual and aggregate data from the 2000 U.S. Census for members of 20 non-English language groups. The results lent strong support to predictions derived from Blau's theory. As expected, immigrants' English proficiency was affected negatively by group size and segregation, and positively by linguistic heterogeneity and inequality between fluent and poor English speakers of foreign origin. In addition, individual factors also exerted significant effects on English fluency as predicted by the human capital model.
A study of the mechanism of Ca2+ current inhibition produced by serotonin in rat dorsal raphe neurons

Calcium currents and their modulation by 5-HT were studied using both whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp techniques in acutely isolated adult rat dorsal raphe neurons. Evidence for three types of Ca channels (T, N, L) was obtained in both whole-cell and single-channel experiments. Approximately 4% of the total high-threshold Ca current (L- type) was sensitive to dihydropyridines (DHPs) while approximately 40% of the Ca current (N-type) was sensitive to omega-conotoxin (omega- CgTx). About 56% of the whole-cell current was insensitive to either DHPs or omega-CgTx and may thus represent a different kind of Ca current. 5-HT reduced raphe neuron Ca currents by approximately 50%, while slowing activation. 5-HT inhibited both omega-CgTx-sensitive and - insensitive Ca current. Inhibition by 5-HT was voltage dependent; prepulses to +80 mV lasting for 20 msec almost completely abolished the 5-HT-mediated inhibition. The voltage dependence of the response to 5- HT suggested that trains of action potentials might overcome the inhibition due to 5-HT. Trains of brief depolarizations were used to simulate action potentials; only about 5% of the 5-HT-induced inhibition was relieved by the trains. These results suggest that while large depolarizations could restore the Ca current inhibited by 5-HT, physiological stimuli, such as trains of action potentials, could not. The action of 5-HT was made irreversible by inclusion of GTP-gamma-S in the patch pipette, suggesting a G-protein mediation of the response to 5-HT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
3D Localization of weak scatterers in digital holographic microscopy using Rayleigh-Sommerfeld back-propagation

The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld back-propagation method is a fast and highly flexible volume reconstruction scheme for digital holographic microscopy. We present a new method for 3D localization of weakly scattering objects using this technique. A well-known aspect of classical optics (the Gouy phase shift) can be used to discriminate between objects lying on either side of the holographic image plane. This results in an unambiguous, model-free measurement of the axial coordinate of microscopic samples, and is demonstrated both on an individual colloidal sphere, and on a more complex object — a layer of such particles in close contact.
A locomotion control method for autonomous vehicles

The authors present a locomotion control method for autonomous vehicles. The main difficulties in controlling an autonomous vehicle lie in the fact that vehicles usually have three degrees of freedom in position and orientation in spite of having only two degrees of freedom for motion control. To use any find of path for vehicle navigation, the authors control a vehicle in a tracking mode. Decomposition of error between the reference posture and the current posture makes control of speed and steering possible. The locomotion control system works as a flexible interface between the path planner and the motor-wheel system. >
Childhood Into the 22nd Century: Creativity, the Finland Example, and Beyond

This article explores the meaning and definitions associated with the concept of childhood over time. It sheds light on the social, cultural, and historical constructions of the term childhood and the imperative to understand the context in which it is used. The evolving nature of the definition in respect to the age range associated with childhood indicates evolving trends in developmental research. Discussions about these trends are timely in recognizing their significance for shaping national and international policies and practices that will contribute to children's development and well-being in the new millennium.
Interannual-to-Multidecadal Variability of Vertical Shear and Tropical Cyclone Activity

AbstractSpatiotemporal patterns of tropics-wide vertical shear variability are extracted after separating a 58-yr data record into high-frequency (HF, periods of 1.5–8 yr) and low-frequency (LF, periods greater than 8 yr) components. The HF vertical shear variability is dominated by circulation anomalies associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The LF variability is primarily contained in two multidecadal patterns and a near-decadal pattern.The multidecadal modes are strongest within the tropical Atlantic and are correlated with Sahel precipitation and interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The results suggest that the multidecadal variability of vertical shear over the Atlantic is linked to atmospheric circulation anomalies forced by the variability in Sahel precipitation. The decadal mode is strongest within the central Pacific and is correlated with Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)-like SST anomalies. The circulation associated with this anomalous shear pattern appea...
A Learning-Based Model for Imputing Missing Levels in Partial Conjoint Profiles

Abstract Respondents in a conjoint experiment sometimes are presented with successive partial product profiles. First, the authors model how respondents infer missing levels of product attributes in a partial conjoint profile by developing a learning-based imputation model that nests several extant models. The advantage of this approach over previous research is that it infers missing levels of an attribute not only from prior levels of the same attribute but also from prior levels of other attributes, especially ones that match the attribute levels of the current product profile. Second, the authors provide an empirical demonstration of their approach and test whether learning in conjoint studies occurs; to what extent; and in what manner it affects responses, partworths, and the relative importance of attributes. They show that the relative importance of attribute partworths can shift when subjects evaluate partial profiles, which suggests that consumers may construct rather than retrieve partworths and...
Corrections to the Faraday as Determined by Means of the Silver Coulometer

An enduring metrological discrepancy has been the failure of the Faraday constant as measured electrochemically to agree with the calculation of that constant from other precisely known physical constants [1]. At the last meeting of this conference, we presented results of a measurement of the Faraday constant by means of a silver coulometer [2,3]. At that time, we were able to report a high experimental precision for measurements of this type but had not yet given serious consideration to effects of impurities. Impurities have now been accounted for but their effect does not alter the inconsistency described above. A brief description of the silver coulometer experiment, an analysis of effects of the impurities in the silver sample, and a discussion of possible remaining systematic errors follows.
Abstract A38: The role of MGA loss-of-function mutations in lung adenocarcinomas

MYC activation promotes tumorigenesis in a wide range of tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas project has recently reported that MGA , encoding a potential suppressor of MYC activity, is significantly mutated in lung adenocarcinomas and the majority of mutations are loss-of-function. Roughly 10% of lung adenocarcinoma cases acquire either MGA loss-of-function mutations or homozygous deletions. Employing functional genomics methodologies, we aimed to characterize the role of MGA mutations in lung adenocarcinoma, with an emphasis on studying their involvement in modulating MYC activity. Using CRISPR knockout technologies, we showed that MGA inactivation induces cellular transformation of primary lung epithelium cells AALE, suggesting that MGA acts as a tumor suppressor. In addition, by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) assays, we showed that MGA competes with MYC for a subset of DNA-binding sites and represses the expression of genes nearby. Finally, we revealed that the gene repression function of MGA is due to its association with the HDAC1/2 complex. The discovery of MGA mutations defines a new pathway in lung adenocarcinoma: the MYC/MAX/MGA pathway. Our study not only illuminates the activity MGA mutant lung adenocarcinomas but also those tumors with amplifications of MYC . Citation Format: Xiaoyang Zhang, Joshua Francis, Charles Lin, Peter Rahl, James Bradner, Richard Young. The role of MGA loss-of-function mutations in lung adenocarcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
Basic Principles and Practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

In this chapter, the basic principles and fundamentals of practicing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are discussed. The general structure of treatment is outlined and examples from sessions in each phase of treatment are provided. Initially, emphasis is placed on assessment, case conceptualization and treatment planning. Psychoeducation and goal setting are substantial parts of the orientation to CBT treatment. Later in treatment the focus shifts toward relapse prevention and booster sessions. The structure of individual sessions is also discussed with an emphasis on agenda setting, homework review/practice, teaching of new skills, and providing summary/feedback.
Effect of litter size upon milk yield and litter weight gains in rats.

SummaryA study is reported concerning the influence of litter size in rats on the estimated milk yields and litter weight gains on days 14 to 20, and on the DNA of the mammary glands on day 20. On day 14 of lactation, the mean milk yield increased from 5.6 g with 2 to 16.4 g with 12 in the litter. The milk yield in most groups increased until the 18th day, then decreased on day 20. The milk available/pup on day 14 was 2.8 g for the 2-pup litters and declined gradually to 1.4 g for the 12-pup litters. The litter weight on day 14 was 68.3 g for litters of 2 and increased gradually to 287.1 g for litters of 12. The gain per pup was greatest for litters of 2 and then declined with increasing litter number. At the 20th day, the DNA for litters of 2 was 8.9 mg/100 g bw and increased gradually with increasing litter size to 13.6 mg for litters of 12. The RNA also increased with increasing litter size up to 10.
A display platform based on MB86296 display card chip

The basic method of constructing the high-performance radar display platform based on the Linux operating system and the MB86296 display card chip is introduced.The characteristics of the MB86296 display card chip are introduced firstly,and the process of creating the hardware platform,together with the processing mechanism of the Linux system framebuffer and the programming of the driver of the base display card is also given to solve the problem of the abnormal communication of the PCI device caused by the characteristics of the inherent big-end mode of the Powerpc.Finally,the actual test verifies the correctness of the method,and the high-performance display platform is successfully applied to the display device of a radar.
Late changes in body fluid and blood volume after intracardiac surgery

Summary Various fluid volumes in 23 patients were studied before and 2 weeks after open intracardiac operations. Two patients, studied prior to intensive preoperative medical treatment, had abnormally large volumes of plasma, blood, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and total body water; 1, with chronic congestive heart failure, had an abnormally large erythrocyte mass whereas the other, with acute congestive heart failure, did not. After intensive medical treatment of congestive heart failure, erythrocyte mass remained significantly larger than calculated normal for the group as a whole but other volumes were not. Patients with acquired valvular heart disease or left-to-right shunts without congestive heart failure did not have any abnormally large volumes preoperatively. In patients who had been in congestive failure preoperatively, extracellular and interstitial fluid volumes at 2 weeks after operation were significantly larger than they were preoperatively. Total body water and plasma volumes were not significantly larger than preoperatively, but erythrocyte mass was smaller. In patients who had not been in congestive failure preoperatively, extracellular and interstitial fluid volumes 2 weeks after operation were not significantly different from those found preoperatively. Blood volume was slightly decreased in these patients although the significant reduction was that of erythrocyte mass in patients operated upon for valvular heart disease.
Ifosfamide in non-small cell lung cancer

Ifosfamide is an analogue of cyclophosphamide that is active against a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer. In preclinical studies, ifosfamide had yielded an average response rate of 20% to 25% and a median length of survival of 4 to 5 months. With the introduction of mesna, hematologic toxicity is the major toxicity associated with ifosfamide use. Response is not affected by the schedule of drug administration, nor is the response rate compromised by oral delivery of ifosfamide. Neurotoxicity is greater with oral administration, however. Ifosfamide has been used in combination with many different agents, including cisplatin and etoposide and newer drugs like vinorelbine and paclitaxel. The results of the combination studies indicate improved response rates. However, results of randomized phase II trials suggest there may be no survival benefit with the addition of ifosfamide to establish drug combinations. Further study of ifosfamide in combination with newer drugs is appropriate.
Disorders of Heart Rate and Rhythm

The clinical approach to a child with a disorder of the heart beat is still that of a careful history, physical examination, and an ECG with a long rhythm strip. A diagnostic approach is presented which is based on rate, rhythm, and mechanism. Newer diagnostic methods are presented as well as advances in the basic cellular electrophysiology. Disorders of automaticity, triggerable cells, and re-entry are analyzed. Finally, therapy is revised for conventional drugs, and new and nonapproved drugs are listed. Indications and limitations for cardioversion, electrical pacing, and surgery are presented.
Health Is More than Medicine

The World Health Organization definition of “health” has become all but a cliche. It is often used to highlight the need to address issues beyond the traditional medical model, often associated with deficits, disease, or disability. Most often the definition is all that is provided. The specifics of how a medical practitioner or a medical organization moves beyond medicine toward a focus on health are usually sketchy, at best. While health is certainly the outcome that medicine addresses, the emphasis is most often the reduction or elimination of deficits or deficiencies. This chapter will address the varied secondary conditions to which individuals with developmental disabilities are most vulnerable, and will identify the attitudes, approaches, and practices (the barriers) that undermine the health of individuals with developmental disabilities. We will balance this by identifying concepts, approaches, and practices that can encourage health. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. This goal of helping individuals increase control over their health, with the requisite understanding and behaviors to improve their health is a critical one for individuals with developmental disabilities. Myers concluded that if individuals with developmental disabilities are to move toward health, there is a need for “greater professional humility to appreciate that people with both physical and intellectual impairments are able to experience and articulate their own satisfaction, pleasure, and joy”. Medicine is a crucial component of health, but health is more than medicine.
Valve interstitial cell tensional homeostasis directs calcification and extracellular matrix remodeling processes via RhoA signaling

Abstract Aims Valve interstitial cells are active and aggressive players in aortic valve calcification, but their dynamic mediation of mechanically-induced calcific remodeling is not well understood. The goal of this study was to elucidate the feedback loop between valve interstitial cell and calcification mechanics using a novel three-dimensional culture system that allows investigation of the active interplay between cells, disease, and the mechanical valve environment. Methods & results We designed and characterized a novel bioreactor system for quantifying aortic valve interstitial cell contractility in 3-D hydrogels in control and osteogenic conditions over 14 days. Interstitial cells demonstrated a marked ability to exert contractile force on their environment and to align collagen fibers with the direction of tension. Osteogenic environment disrupted interstitial cell contractility and led to disorganization of the collagen matrix, concurrent with increased αSMA, TGF-β, Runx2 and calcific nodule formation. Interestingly, RhoA was also increased in osteogenic condition, pointing to an aberrant hyperactivation of valve interstitial cells mechanical activity in disease. This was confirmed by inhibition of RhoA experiments. Inhibition of RhoA concurrent with osteogenic treatment reduced pro-osteogenic signaling and calcific nodule formation. Time-course correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between interstitial cell remodeling of collagen fibers and calcification events. Conclusions Interstitial cell contractility mediates internal stress state and organization of the aortic valve extracellular matrix. Osteogenesis disrupts interstitial cell mechanical phenotype and drives disorganization, nodule formation, and pro-calcific signaling via a RhoA-dependent mechanism.
The Attention Trigger Effect: Macro News and Efficient Processing of Micro News

I present evidence of a complementary relation between macro announcements and firm-specific news by examining how macro news affects investors’ reactions to earnings announcements. It is well known that investors tend to react to earnings news slowly and there are drifts following firms’ earnings announcements. The presence of macro news significantly impacts investors’ reactions to earnings news: immediate price reaction is 17% stronger and the drift is 71% weaker when important macro news is released on the same day. This effect also exists when earnings news is released on days with a large number of macro announcements. I further investigate several potential explanations and find that institutional investors pay substantially more attention to announcing firms on macro-news days. The results cannot be explained by changes in risk, information transmission from macro news or strategic timing. Overall, these findings provide new evidence that the market is more efficient on macro-news days and investor attention is allocated rationally and is not always limited by the quantity of information.
This Immense Fascination with the Unconscious: Psychoanalysis and Surrealism

Psychoanalysis appears to intellectual historians and anthropologists as a general theory of dreams, trances, hallucinations, and certain physical symptoms that derives from nineteenth-century German Romanticism and arrogates scientificity to itself. It embodies a further stage of metaphysical subjectivism, attributing what is seen in dreams, trances, hallucinations, and certain physical symptoms to unconscious drives, desires, anxieties, and conflicts in the subject. These are posited, deduced, by interpretation. The interpretations vary with different psychotherapeutic schools and criteria for the reliability of interpretations are in question. Anthropologists find that psychoanalysis does not succeed in explaining all the phenomena covered by the general conceptions of other cultures. The Surrealists devoted themselves to the products of the unconscious, but instead of using them for therapy, set out to integrate them into conscious life. This led them away from metaphysical subjectivism and revealed the ethnocentric character of psychoanalytic doctrine.
Three-dimensional trajectories affect the epaxial muscle activity of arboreal snakes crossing gaps.

The need for long-axis support is widespread among non-aquatic vertebrates and may be particularly acute for arboreal snakes when many vertebrae span sizable gaps between branches with diverse orientations. Hence, we used brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) bridging gaps to test how three-dimensional trajectories affected muscle activity and whether these motor patterns differed from those for the locomotion of terrestrial snakes and movements of other vertebrates. We used five trajectories: pitch angles of 90, 0 and -90 deg (downward) when yaw=0 deg, and 90 deg yaw angles to the left and right when pitch=0 deg. We recorded movement and electromyograms from the three largest epaxial muscles, which from dorsal to ventral are the semispinalis-spinalis (SSP), longissimus dorsi (LD) and iliocostalis (IL). Overall, the SSP had extensive bilateral activity, which resembled the motor pattern during the dorsiflexion of sidewinding snakes. Unlike any previously described terrestrial snake locomotion, bilateral activity of the LD and IL was also common during gap bridging. The largest amounts of muscle activity usually occurred for horizontal gaps, and muscle activity decreased markedly as soon as the snake's head touched the far edge of the gap. Snakes had the least amount of muscle activity for pitch=-90 deg. While turning sideways, muscles on the convex side had less activity when turning compared with the concave side. Hence, the orientation relative to gravity profoundly affected muscle activity during gap bridging, and these complex three-dimensional movements involved several previously undescribed variants of axial motor pattern.
How to Talk with Patients about Incarceration and Health.

Incarceration history is relevant to patients’ health, and physicians can approach it in ways that mitigate stigma and strengthen the therapeutic alliance.
Eugenol-Derived Biobased Epoxy: Shape Memory, Repairing, and Recyclability

Conventional epoxy polymers are constructed by petro-based resources that are toxic and nonrenewable, and their permanent cross-links make them difficult to be reprocessed, reshaped, and recycled. In this study, a unique eugenol-derived epoxy (Eu-EP) is synthesized, and then vitrimeric materials are prepared by reacting Eu-EP with succinic anhydride (SA) at various ratios (1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1) in the presence of zinc-containing catalysts. All vitrimers exhibit excellent shape changing, crack healing, and shape memory properties. Although vitrimers with 1:0.75 and 1:1 ratios cannot be physically reprocessed, they can be well reprocessed by the chemical method of being simply decomposed in a benign ethanol solution without loading additional catalyst. The collected decomposed polymers can form vitrimers again after exposure at 190 °C for 3 h. This work combines the concepts of vitrimer preparation, chemical recycling, and biobased polymer together, which would bring a feasible way to satisfy the demands ...
Manufacturing without the firm: Challenges for the maker movement in three U.S. cities:

Participants in the U.S. maker movement generate market-worthy consumer goods from the bare bones of novel ideas and simple production equipment. For cities and policymakers, making thus represents...
An Unusual Case: CCA Occlusion with Retrograde ICA Flow:

The detection of flow disturbances, occlusions, and stenosis of the extracranial carotid arteries with duplex imaging is painless and well tolerated by the majority of the population. A unique case...
A Compact 75GHz PA with 26.3% PAE and 24GHz Bandwidth in 22nm FinFET CMOS

This paper presents the design of an E-band PA in a 22nm FinFET CMOS process. The design utilizes device neutralization and low-k transformers for gain and bandwidth enhancement. A holistic design methodology is employed to further optimize PA efficiency. The PA achieves a peak gain of 18.6dB with a 3dB bandwidth of 62-86GHz (24GHz). At 75GHz, the measured Psat, OPldB and peak PAE are +12.6dBm, +5.7dBm, and 26.3%, respectively. The PA can amplify a 6Gb/s 16-QAM signal at an average P out of +5dBm with a PAE of 10% and −26dB EVM(rms). Compact layout of the PA yields a core area of 0.054mm2, enabling compact integration into phased array transceivers.
How is Art Possible? (2)

A close comparison of the several sense-modalities in respect to their aesthetic possibilities will show why vision and audition are far in advance of all the others. Accordingly, we may construct a table to reveal such a comparison.
Metapopulation Allee effects, habitat destruction, and extinction in metacommunities

Previous metapopulation models developed to examine consequences of habitat destruction and metapopulation Allee effects are biologically plausible for only small degrees of habitat destruction. For larger, realistic amounts of habitat destruction, those models fail to capture a metapopulation Allee effect. We here present a new model that allows biologically meaningful metapopulation Allee effects at all feasible levels of habitat destruction. When applied to metacommunities of competitive species that face habitat destruction, this new model shows that metapopulation Allee effects may drastically alter predictions about the fates of the competitors compared to when Allee effects are ignored. In particular, the number of extinctions increase, the times to those extinctions decrease, and the order in which the extinctions occur can change dramatically.
Nonparental Caregivers, Parents, and Early Academic Achievement Among Children from Latino/a Immigrant Households:

Drawing on ecological systems and social capital perspectives, this study uses the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort to investigate links between early nonparental caregiver beliefs a...
Psychodynamits in the Cancer Patient

The psychological impact of cancer and its treatment is enormous for both the patient and the patient’s family. There are many factors which contribute to this impact: disease and treatment variables, the patient’s age and socioeconomic group, and the patient’s unique psychologic attributes. Each patient has a complex and individual emotional configuration. Two people of the same age, from the same socio-economic group, receiving similar treatments for the same disease may react quite differently to their experiences. Furthermore, just as individuals differ in their reaction patterns, so do families.
Photogeneration of Amines from α-Keto Carbamates: Photochemical Studies

We investigate the design of new photoprecursors of organic bases and the steric and electronic factors that control their photocleavage to give free amines. The design strategy involves the protection of an amine with novel [(benzoinyl)oxy]carbonyl groups and substituted analogs. The resulting masked amines owe their photosensitivity to the rich photochemistry of the benzoinyl chromophore. The photochemistry of this chromophore allows for the clean photogeneration of free amine upon irradiation with UV light below 400 nm in both the solid state and in solution. The structure of the benzoinyl chromophore was varied to determine the optimal chromophore design. By varying the chromophore design, the influence of various steric and electronic effects on the photoliberation of free amines from α-keto carbamates could be gauged. Structural modification of the aryl rings was intended to probe the electronic factors of the photocyclization. Substitution at the 2 position was varied to investigate the steric fact...