cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and {beta}-amyloid binding properties of rhenium 2-arylbenzothiazoles

1897 Objectives Radiolabeled 2-arylbenzothiazoles (2-ABTs) including [11C]PIB and [18F]AH110690 are useful PET tracers for imaging the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study we synthesized and evaluated Re 2-ABTs as our first step toward the development of 99mTc PIB analogs for widespread use with SPECT. Methods Re 2-ABTs were synthesized via the integrated approach to minimize the overall molecular weight ( Results Eight neutral and compact Re 2-ABTs (compounds 1-8) with a built-in triamine-thiol, diamine-dithiol, or diamine-thiol-phenol tetradentate chelator were prepared. The Re complexation was achieved via an exchange labeling reaction using a labile Re complex Re(V)O(PPh3)2Cl3. Compounds 1-8 were isolated in 7-41% yields. In spite of potential existence of cis- and anti-isomers, only one single isomer was isolated in the preparation of 1-8. These Re compounds are lipophilic (logPC18 = 1.14 – 2.59), and bind to synthetic Aβ(1-40) fibrils with good affinities (Ki = 29.7 – 140 nM). Conclusions Our preliminary results have demonstrated that it is feasible to obtain compact, neutral, and lipophilic Re 2-ABTs with good binding affinity to aggregated Aβ. Further modification to obtain Re 2-ABTs with ever higher binding affinity is needed since most of the Aβ imaging agents currently used in clinical studies have binding affinities
The Search for Identity in Changing Times

Through the death of Professor W. H. Julius in 1925, a faculty position became available at the University of Utrecht in The Netherlands. A committee under the chairmanship of Ehrenfest was appointed to make recommendations for a possible successor to the Utrecht faculty. That body in turn would submit a list of nominees to the Minister of Education, who would make the ultimate decision. The committee recommended Kramers, and the faculty and minister concurred. Kramers’ acceptance of the offer was practically guaranteed by the way the system works. He gave his inaugural address on February 15, 1926 and started his lectures in Utrecht on May 5,1926. Because this is so standard and hackneyed, it seems hardly worth mentioning.
Associations between Supervisor and Coworker Support and Parenting Stress among Employed Mothers with Nonstandard Work Schedules

AbstractThis study examined the effects of supervisor and coworker support on parenting stress among employed mothers working nonstandard hours in South Korea. In addition, this study investigated ...
On the stability analysis of hybrid composite dynamical systems

We address the stability analysis of composite hybrid dynamical feedback systems of the type depicted in Figure 1, consisting of a block (usually the plant) which is described by an operator L and of a finite dimensional block described by a system of ordinary differential equations (usually the controller). We establish results for the well-posedness, attractlvity, asymptotic stability, uniform boundedness, asymptotic stability in the large, and exponential stability in the large for such systems. The hypotheses of these results are phrased in terms of the I/O properties of L and in terms of the Lyapunov stability properties of the subsystem described by the Indicated ordinary differential equations. The applicability of our results is demonstrated by means of general specific examples (involving Cg-semlgroups, partial differential equations or Integral equations which determine L).
The associations between social support and negative social interaction with suicidal ideation in US Chinese older adults

AbstractTo examine associations between social support and negative social interaction with past suicidal ideation (SI) at multiple time intervals. The study used cross-sectional data collected fro...
Distanced self-talk changes how people conceptualize the self

Abstract Converging evidence indicates that distanced self-talk (i.e., using one's own name and other non-first person pronouns to refer to the self) promotes self-control and wise reasoning. However, no research has examined how this process affects how people conceptualize the self. We addressed this issue across two experiments. In Study 1, participants who were randomly assigned to describe themselves using their own name (vs. I) used more abstract descriptors and talked less about their social identities. Study 2 directly replicated these effects in a high-powered pre-registered experiment. It also demonstrated that using one's name to think about the self led to greater shifts in self-concept than those associated with thinking about other people (i.e., a “socially distant” target). Together, these finding demonstrate how subtle shifts in language that promote psychological distance influence the way people cognitively represent the self. They also highlight the need for future research to distinguish between self- and social distance.
Do prophylactic antipyretics reduce vaccination-associated symptoms in children?

Hang Chau-Glendinning, DO; Blair Baber, PharmD; Jon O. Neher, MD (Valley Family Medicine Residency, University of Washington at Valley Medical Center, Renton); Sarah Safranek, MLIS (University of Washington Health Sciences Library, Seattle)
1.17 – Hydrazone Anions

Carbanions derived from hydrazones are primarily used as equivalents of carbanions derived from ketones and aldehydes. Reactions that ultimately lead to electrophilically substituted carbonyl derivatives through hydrazone anions proceed through four separate steps. First, the hydrazone has to be prepared from the starting carbonyl compound. In most cases, this requires a simple, facile condensation reaction between a hydrazine derivative and a ketone or aldehyde. Second, the neutral hydrazone has to be converted into a nucleophile; typically this involves deprotonation with a strong base. Both regiochemical and stereochemical considerations affect this step. Third, the nucleophilic anion so formed undergoes electrophilic substitution. Various electrophiles can be used; the most common are sp3-hybridized carbon electrophiles (e.g. alkyl halides) and sp2-hybridized carbon electrophiles (e.g. carbonyl compounds). This chapter will concentrate on the latter reactions, introducing alkylations only when appropriate for discussions of regiochemistry and stereochemistry in anion generation. Finally, the product hydrazones produced in these electrophilic substitution reactions have to be converted back into carbonyl compounds, as hydrazones are rarely if ever the desired final product. In a few instances, one or both nitrogens of the hydrazone can be used for heterocycle formation. In such instances, the last step then becomes a more efficient convergent step in an overall synthetic strategy.
Social Media Perceptions of Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSEThe rapid dissemination of information through social media renders a profound lens to evaluate perceptions of emerging topics, especially in the context of a global pandemic. The primary ob...
Mortality From Forces of Nature Among Older Adults by Race/Ethnicity and Gender:

Older adults are especially vulnerable to disasters due to high rates of chronic illness, disability, and social isolation. Limited research examines how gender, race/ethnicity, and forces of nature-defined here as different types of natural hazards, such as storms and earthquakes-intersect to shape older adults' disaster-related mortality risk. We compare mortality rates among older adults (60+ years) in the United States across gender, race/ethnicity, and hazard type using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wonder database. Our results demonstrate that older adult males have higher mortality rates than females. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) males have the highest mortality and are particularly impacted by excessive cold. Mortality is also high among Black males, especially due to cataclysmic storms. To address disparities, messaging and programs targeting the dangers of excessive cold should be emphasized for AI/AN older adult males, whereas efforts to reduce harm from cataclysmic storms should target Black older adult males.
Oxygen consumption during and post-hypoxia exposure in bearded fireworms (Annelida: Amphinomidae)

Oxygen is necessary for all marine animals to support metabolic functions. When chronic low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions occur, organisms must adjust to overcome this stressor’s effect on metabolic rates. The bearded fireworm, Hermodice carunculata, is a widespread species frequently exposed to hypoxic conditions in areas within its broad distribution which may impact metabolism, wound healing, and regeneration. To study the impact of hypoxia on their metabolic rates, we exposed fireworms to two levels of lower than normal DO conditions (low 2.5 ± 0.25 mg O2 L−1 and mid 4.5 ± 0.25 mg O2 L−1) for 7 days by pumping nitrogen into their holding tanks. During a chronic hypoxia trial, we quantified oxygen consumption in each experimental group and subsequently determined post-hypoxia oxygen consumption of individuals from the lowest oxygen level. During the hypoxic exposure, the oxygen uptake rates declined in low and mid DO conditions, while remaining relatively constant for the normoxic (7.0 ± 0.25 mg O2 L−1) control. We then compared the oxygen consumption rates from the lowest DO condition to fireworms likely never exposed to hypoxia and fireworms from a location likely to be exposed to hypoxia. We found higher oxygen consumption rates in the experimentally hypoxia-exposed worms. These results suggest prolonged negative impacts of hypoxic exposure, leading to a lasting elevation of metabolic rates of these marine invertebrates. The increase in metabolic rates may lead to increased predation on their prey of choice, economically and commercially important coral, causing increased degradation of already threatened coral reef ecosystems.
Partial parotidectomy via periauricular incision: Retrospective cohort study and comparative analysis to alternative incisional approaches.

Background We investigated a periauricular approach to the parotid and compared outcomes to alternative parotidectomy incisions. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients (n = 97) undergoing partial parotidectomy for benign or malignant pathology by a single surgeon. After October 2017, most patients were approached via a periauricular incision (n = 59). Results There was no significant difference in patient age, tumor location, length of hospital stay, postoperative complication, or pathology. Mean tumor diameter was significantly smaller in the periauricular group (2.1 cm) than in the traditional incision group (2.6 cm). No permanent injuries to facial nerve branches occurred in either group. Patients were followed for a median of 44 days after surgery. Conclusions This is the largest study to date that demonstrates the periauricular incision is a safe and feasible approach for most parotid neoplasms. The cosmetic advantage of this approach is that the resulting scar is smaller and does not extend into the neck.
Presenting Basic CS Concepts: A Content Analysis of AP CSA Textbooks

There is extensive support for the use of examples to promote learning. In the field of computer science education, code examples are common, and research has focused on the efficacy of worked examples. Less attention has been paid to other aspects of presenting code examples in instructional materials, such as their type, characteristics, and order. This poster seeks to address some of those issues through a content analysis of the presentation of the initial code for basic computer science concepts in CS textbooks. The study found that the most common presentation style was example code without comments. Further, authors were not consistent in their choice of code snippet styles across lessons. Further research is needed to probe the efficacy of these instructional design choices.
Estimating Rebates and Other Discounts Received by Medicare Part D

Importance Spending in Medicare Part D continues to increase. Yet, studies of Medicare Part D are plagued by a common limitation: none can fully account for confidential rebates and other discounts that drug manufacturers and pharmacies pay to Medicare Part D plans. Objectives To review existing methods and to propose an approach for estimating rebates and other discounts received by Medicare Part D. Evidence Review Publicly available data from the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, the Congressional Budget Office, the Government Accountability Office, and the Office of Inspector General. Findings Existing methods for estimating rebates and other discounts in Medicare Part D have several limitations. This analysis used an approach that aims to improve on those methods. Based on this approach, estimated discounts on brand-name drugs increased in Medicare Part D from 25.4% of gross brand-name spending in 2014 to 37.3% in 2018. There was substantial variation between classes, with estimated 2016 discounts surpassing 50% for some drugs (eg, ophthalmologic and gastrointestinal tract agents) while remaining below 10% for others (eg, antineoplastic and immunologic agents). Between 2014 and 2018, estimated net Medicare Part D spending on prescription drugs increased by 21% from $99 billion to $119 billion. With increasing enrollment, estimated annual net spending per beneficiary remained stable, increasing by just 3% from $2622 to $2694, which was below the 6% rate of inflation during the same period. Conclusions and Relevance Models that fail to properly account for increasing rebates and other discounts will overestimate Medicare Part D expenditures. Rigorous and transparent methods for estimating discounts are critical for understanding patterns in spending and developing new cost-containment strategies.
Variability of grain and milled rice quality traits of long-grain rice variety

The article presents results of studying 14 families of longgrain rice variety Sharm, divided into two groups. A detailed assessment of technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality in primary seed production nurseries (P-1 and P-2) is given. Variability and correlation of traits is calculated. The experiment was carried out in the period 2016-2018 under the conditions of a field experiment as a control nursery, on the rice irrigation system of FSBSI “FSC of Rice” (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Rice Centre”), Krasnodar. In a group of families with typical plants, significant excess of some technological indicators of grain and milled rice quality was revealed in comparison with the original variety Sharm, entered in the state register in 2013: for example, the weight of 1000 grains of the combined families after rejection was 27.6 g; fracturing is significantly lower - 10.2%; also, in terms of the total milling yield, head rice content, significant excess of the combined families was noted - 67; 92.1 and 59.6%. The variability of the considered technological traits is weak and varies within the range of up to 10%, with the exception of fracturing (CV up to 93%), since it is highly susceptible to weather fluctuations. In both groups of families, a close positive correlation was found between the head rice content in the milled rice and its content in the grain (r = 0.981 and 0.989) and a negative average relationship between fracturing and the total milling yield (r = -0.568 and -0.646, respectively). When rejecting families of the variety Sharm in P-1 and P-2, it is recommended to use, in addition to morphological characteristics, the indicator of the mass of 1000 grains and the grain index (l / b).
An Analysis of Global News Coverage of Refugees Using a Big Data Approach

The number of refugees and other displaced persons is at an all-time high globally. News coverage of displacement often evokes negative and even dehumanizing portrayals of the situations, politics, and economics of refugees and their host communities. In this study, we use GDELT to collect a large representation of global news across languages and countries to understand the volume, tone, and topics of news media coverage of refugees. Looking at specific events that trigger peaks in news coverage, we find that while the tone of news is always negative, this negativity reflects both empathy and sorrow for refugees as well as anti-migrant sentiment. World Refugee Day is a significant annual event that drives up news coverage at the international level, even though this also causes an increase in negative tone of the articles, reflecting the empathetic aspects of negative tone. At the international level, talking rather than action codes dominate the news. We suggest this as an area of future work, but it points to the large role that international diplomacy and international appeals for aid play in the humanitarian response of refugee situations.
Meeting athleisure end-user needs through problem-based learning

Today, athleisure is one of the key trends in the fashion industry combining both casual style with health enthusiastic appeal creating a billion-dollar industry. Athleisure is the combining of act...
Flexible Constructions for Distributed Matrix Multiplication

The distributed matrix multiplication problem with unknown number of stragglers is considered, where the goal is to allow a master to efficiently and flexibly obtain the product of two massive matrices by distributing the computation across $N$ servers. We assume there are at most $N-R$ stragglers but the exact number is not known a priori. Motivated by reducing the latency, a flexible solution is proposed to fully utilize the computation capability of available servers. The computing job for each server is separated into 2 layers, constructed based on Entangled Polynomial (EP) codes by Yu el al. The final results can be obtained when a larger number of servers complete the task from the first layer or a smaller number of servers complete the tasks from both 2 layers. The required finite field size of the proposed solution is less than $2N$ . Moreover, the optimal partitioning of the input matrices is discussed. Our constructions can also be generalized to batch matrix multiplication.
In-plane magnetic structure and exchange interactions in the high-temperature antiferromagnet Cr 2 Al

The ordered tetragonal intermetallic ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}$ forms the same structure type as ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{Au}$, and the latter has been heavily investigated for its potential in antiferromagnetic spintronics due to its degenerate in-plane N\'eel vector. We present the single-crystal flux growth of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}$ and orientation-dependent magnetic properties. Powder neutron diffraction of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}$ and first-principles simulations reveal that the magnetic ordering is likely in-plane and therefore identical to ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{Au}$, providing a second material candidate in the ${\mathrm{MoSi}}_{2}$ structure type to evaluate the fundamental interactions that govern spintronic effects. The single ordering transition seen in thermal analysis and resistivity indicates that canting of the moments along the $c$ axis is unlikely. Magnetometry, resistivity, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirm the N\'eel temperature to be $634\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ K. First-principles simulations indicate that the system has a small density of states at the Fermi energy and confirm the lowest-energy magnetic ground-state ordering, while Monte Carlo simulations match the experimental N\'eel temperature.
Normal Aging Affects the Short-Term Temporal Stability of Implicit, But Not Explicit, Motor Learning following Visuomotor Adaptation.

Normal aging is associated with a decline in memory and motor learning ability. However, the exact form of these impairments (e.g., the short-term temporal stability and affected learning mechanisms) is largely unknown. Here, we used a sensorimotor adaptation task to examine changes in the temporal stability of two forms of learning (explicit and implicit) because of normal aging. Healthy young subjects (age range, 19-28 years; 20 individuals) and older human subjects (age range, 63-85 years; 19 individuals) made reaching movements in response to altered visual feedback. On each trial, subjects turned a rotation dial to select an explicit aiming direction. Once selected, the display was removed and subjects moved the cursor from the start position to the target. After initial training with the rotational feedback perturbation, subjects completed a series of probe trials at different delay periods to systematically assess the short-term retention of learning. For both groups, the explicit aiming showed no significant decrease over 1.5 min. However, this was not the case for implicit learning; the decay pattern was markedly different between groups. Older subjects showed a linear decrease of the implicit component of adaptation over time, while young subjects showed an exponential decay over the same period (time constant, 25.61 s). Although older subjects adapted at a similar rate, these results suggest natural aging selectively impacts the short-term (seconds to minutes) temporal stability of implicit motor learning mechanisms. This understanding may provide a means to dissociate natural aging memory impairments from deficits caused by brain disorders that progress with aging.
The mutually beneficial relationship of graphs and matrices

Graphs and matrices enjoy a fascinating and mutually beneficial relationship. This interplay has benefited both graph theory and linear algebra. In one direction, knowledge about one of the graphs that can be associated with a matrix can be used to illuminate matrix properties and to get better information about the matrix. Examples include the use of digraphs to obtain strong results on diagonal dominance and eigenvalue inclusion regions and the use of the Rado-Hall theorem to deduce properties of special classes of matrices. Going the other way, linear algebraic properties of one of the matrices associated with a graph can be used to obtain useful combinatorial information about the graph. The adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix are two well-known matrices associated to a graph, and their eigenvalues encode important information about the graph. Another important linear algebraic invariant associated with a graph is the Colin de Verdiere number, which, for instance, characterises certain topological properties of the graph. This book is not a comprehensive study of graphs and matrices. The particular content of the lectures was chosen for its accessibility, beauty, and current relevance, and for the possibility of enticing the audience to want to learn more.
Compact Modeling of Double-Gate and Nanowire MOSFETs

This chapter reviews recent developments on compact modeling of double-gate and nanowire MOSFETs. It starts with the core, long-channel drain current models of double-gate and nanowire MOSFETs, derived from the analytic solutions of 1-D Poisson and current continuity equations in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates, respectively. Explicit and continuous solutions to the implicit parameters in both models have been developed. The short-channel models based on the scale length approach to the boundary value problems of 2-D Poisson’s equation in subthreshold are then described, followed by charge and capacitance models for both double-gate and nanowire MOSFETs. A popular, surface-potential based current expression in the literature is examined before concluding the chapter.
Synchronously pumped NMR gyro

We are implementing a new design for spinexchange- pumped NMR gyros that addresses the key systematic errors as compared to previous implementations. The key concept is to drive magnetic resonance using spin-exchange collisions in a reference frame rotating about a bias magnetic field. The resulting purely transverse polarization is predicted to be insensitive to spin-exchange field shifts and quadrupole interactions, both of which are prominent in designs based on conventional magnetic resonance. Preliminary studies have identified a novel type of spin-exchange broadening that can be compensated to allow the system to reach T1-limited line width.
An Intermedia Skew Control System for Multimedia Data Presentation

Delivery of multimedia traffic from distributed sources to a single destination relies on an accurate characterization or guarantee of the behavior of each involved system component. If anticipated bandwidth, delay, and loss characteristics are violated, statistical scheduling approaches fail, resulting in the loss of established source-to-destination synchronization and the introduction of intermedia skew.
A Review of “Supporting Research Students”

Barbara Allan's Supporting Research Students was written to help librarians understand the research experiences of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. She argues for the necessity of th...
An Atlas of Low Redshift Absorption in Fuse Sight Lines

We present ∼50 intergalactie confirmed or probable Lyβ lines and several O VI lines detected in the FUSE survey of 100 extragalactic sight lines.
A robust control approach for the formation flying of multiple spacecraft

We present a disturbance rejection mechanism for the formation flying of multiple spacecraft based on a robust control approach in terms of an H ∞ control problem. The corresponding H ∞ control problem is then solved numerically using linear matrix inequalities.
Immunolocalization of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system of weakly electric fish: functional implications for the modulation of a neuronal oscillator

Using a monoclonal antibody raised against the R1 subunit of the rat NMDA receptor, we mapped the distribution of NMDA receptors in the brains of three genera of electric fish. On Western blots, the antibody recognized a glycoprotein of approximately 105 kDa throughout the CNS. On tissue sections, it strongly labeled a number of neuronal somata and dendrites in the medulla, with weaker immunoreactivity in the forebrain and across much of the rest of the nervous system. At the ultrastructural level, reaction product was localized, though not exclusively, to the postsynaptic region of synapses. To study the role of NMDA receptors in a specific neural circuit, we focused on the medullary pacemaker nucleus. Neurons in this nucleus, which fire action potentials regularly and trigger each electric organ discharge (EOD), receive glutamatergic input from identified premotor areas. Activity in these areas can cause the pacemaker nucleus to produce outputs with distinct temporal dynamics, which are observed in the behaving animal as modulations of the EOD. The projection cells of the pacemaker nucleus, the relay cells, were heavily labeled with the anti-NMDA R1 antibody in all genera studied. These results are consistent with the previous finding that a particular EOD modulation mediated by the connection from one premotor area of the brain to the relay cells is blocked by application to the pacemaker nucleus of NMDA receptor blockers. Our results complement ongoing efforts to study this nucleus and provide additional evidence for the role of NMDA receptors in diverse neural circuits.
Universal embeddings for the 3 D 4 (2) hexagon and J 2 near-octagon

Abstract The universal embeddings overF2 of the generalized hexagon for3D4(2)and the near-octagon forJ2are determined to be the 28-dimensional adjoint modules: for typeD4in the first case, and in the second from the 14-dimensional adjointF4-module forG2(4)containingJ2.
A sliding mode fuzzy controller for underwater vehicle-manipulator systems

In this paper, a new sliding mode controller is proposed for trajectory tracking of underwater-manipulator systems (UVMS), with gain tuning based on the fuzzy logic control approach. The sliding mode controller is designed based on the decentralized form of the dynamics of UVMS. By tuning gains with fuzzy logic, the proposed controller has the advantages that it does not require a model of the vehicle/manipulator system dynamics and ensures robust performance in the presence of disturbances and dynamic interactions. In order to validate the effectiveness of the controller, several simulations using a five degrees of freedom UVMS are performed. The results show that the proposed controller provides high performance of trajectory tracking in the presence of uncertainties about the dynamics and hydrodynamic disturbances.
Alcator C-Mod Status, Recent Accomplishments, and Future Plans

A number of major hardware items have been installed and/or modified on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak for the most recent run campaign, and additional near-term upgrades will be installed shortly. Topics that are covered in this paper include the changeover to all-metal plasma-facing components, the titanium lower hybrid waveguide grill, the gas jet disruption mitigation system, and the results these made to plasma operation. The design of a new cryopump, which will be installed soon, is also presented
Assessment Data and Decision Making in Teaching

Finding avenues to collect and use data in our teaching parallel to the way we use data in research may be an important way to improve educational outcomes.
Quantitative measurement of mRNAs by polymerase chain reaction

Abstract Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to detect the presence of specific mRNA species, there are no reports indicating that PCR can be used as a reliable, reproducible assay to quantify the relative level of an mRNA. In this study we examined the enzymatic steps (reverse transcription and PCR) required to analyze RNA by PCR and determined the conditions under which the product obtained reproducibly reflects the relative amounts of amplified species in the starting material. Aliquots of total RNA from rat ovaries and GH3 pituitary cells were used to prepare cDNAs for PCR amplification of s-actin and prolactin (PRL) sequences, respectively. Assay of equivalent dilutions of ovarian cDNAs made from 10, 2, and 0.4 μg of RNA demonstrated that the amount of PCR product obtained was proportional to both the amount of cDNA amplified and the amount of RNA transcribed, with a relatively small variability for both reactions. cDNAs were also made against RNA prepared from GH3 cells cultured in the presence or absence of Ca2+, which induces PRL gene expression. Measurement of PRL mRNA by PCR gave results comparable to those obtained by Northern blot (4.7-fold induction vs. 5.9-fold), and again was highly reproducible. Additionally, PCR analysis of cDNA against GH3 nuclear RNA allowed us to detect an apparent splice variant of the PRL nuclear RNA that is also Ca2+ regulated. These results indicate the sensitivity and reliability of PCR as a quantitative assay for specific mRNAs, and demonstrate the possibilities for obtaining data not readily available by other means.
Comparative Outcomes of Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis Plus Anticoagulation Versus Anticoagulation Alone in the Treatment of Inferior Vena Caval Thrombosis

Background— The contemporary practice patterns and role of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of inferior vena cava thrombosis is unknown. Methods and Results— The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of inferior vena cava thrombosis ( International Classification of Diseases - Ninth Revision -Clinical Modification, 453.2) from 2005 to 2011. We compared patients treated with CDT plus anticoagulation with patients treated with anticoagulation alone. We used propensity scores to construct 2 matched groups of 563 patients for comparative outcomes analysis. Among 2674 patients admitted with inferior vena cava thrombosis, 718 (26.9%) underwent CDT. The national CDT utilization rates increased from 16.0% in 2005 to 34.7% in 2011 ( P <0.001). Based on the propensity-matched comparison, the inhospital mortality was not significantly different between the CDT and the anticoagulation groups (2.0% versus 1.4%; P =0.49). The rates of pulmonary embolism (12.1% versus 7.8%; P =0.02), intracranial hemorrhage (1.6% versus 0.2%; P =0.03), and acute renal failure (13.9% versus 9.4%; P =0.02) were significantly higher in the CDT group. The CDT group had longer length of stay and higher hospital charges compared with the anticoagulation group. Conclusions— There has been a steady increase in the use of CDT in the treatment of patients with inferior vena cava thrombosis in the United States. This observational study showed no significant difference in mortality between CDT versus anticoagulation alone; however, the bleeding events and resource utilization were higher in the CDT group. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed in this area.
Oliverian syenites of the Pliny region, northern New Hampshire

Recent field work in the Pliny Range of northern New Hampshire established the existence of two syenite units which predate the igneous activity of the White Mountain magma series but postdate the formation of highly foliated units of the Oliverian Jefferson dome. A total of ten syenite samples were analyzed for Sr isotopes, major elements, and selected trace elements. The syenites describe a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron of 441 ± 5 m.y. with initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.70453 ± 0.00006. The syenites of the Jefferson Dome thus formed during the same Oliverian activity which produced the rocks of the domes extending along the Bronson Hill anticlinorium in New Hampshire. Furthermore, the structural position of the rocks establishes 441 m.y. as a minimum age for the Taconic deformation in northern New Hampshire. The syenites have high total alkalis, high K2O/Na2O contents, and low MgO and CaO concentrations. They have extremely fractionated chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns with either small negative or no Eu anomalies. The magmas which produce the syenites were probably produced from partial melting of eclogite; however, the composition of the source material (either mid-ocean ridge basalt, MORB plus sediments, altered MORB, or island-arc tholeiite) prior to metamorphism within the eclogite facies is uncertain.
Tbx2b is required for the development of the parapineal organ

Structural differences between the left and right sides of the brain exist throughout the vertebrate lineage. By studying the zebrafish pineal complex, which exhibits notable asymmetries, both the genes and the cell movements that result in left-right differences can be characterized. The pineal complex consists of the midline pineal organ and the left-sided parapineal organ. The parapineal is responsible for instructing the asymmetric architecture of the bilateral habenulae, the brain nuclei that flank the pineal complex. Using in vivo time-lapse confocal microscopy, we find that the cells that form the parapineal organ migrate as a cluster of cells from the pineal complex anlage to the left side of the brain. In a screen for mutations that disrupted brain laterality, we identified a nonsense mutation in the T-box2b (tbx2b) gene, which encodes a transcription factor expressed in the pineal complex anlage. The tbx2b mutant makes fewer parapineal cells, and they remain as individuals near the midline rather than migrating leftward as a group. The reduced number and incorrect placement of parapineal cells result in symmetric development of the adjacent habenular nuclei. We conclude that tbx2b functions to specify the correct number of parapineal cells and to regulate their asymmetric migration.
Philosophical intervention and cross-disciplinary science: The story of the Toolbox Project

In this article we argue that philosophy can facilitate improvement in cross-disciplinary science. In particular, we discuss in detail the Toolbox Project, an effort in applied epistemology that deploys philosophical analysis for the purpose of enhancing collaborative, cross-disciplinary scientific research through improvements in cross-disciplinary communication. We begin by sketching the scientific context within which the Toolbox Project operates, a context that features a growing interest in and commitment to cross-disciplinary research (CDR). We then develop an argument for the leading idea behind this effort, namely, that philosophical dialogue can improve cross-disciplinary science by effecting epistemic changes that lead to better group communication. On the heels of this argument, we describe our approach and its output; in particular, we emphasize the Toolbox instrument that generates philosophical dialogue and the Toolbox workshop in which that dialogue takes place. Together, these constitute a philosophical intervention into the life of CDR teams. We conclude by considering the philosophical implications of this intervention.
Relationships of English grammar and communicative fluency to reading in deaf adolescents

Abstract We studied two groups of congenitally deaf students 16 to 18 years of age: one group consisted of deaf children of deaf parents and the second group consisted of deaf children of hearing parents. There were 65 subjects in each group. We studied the relationships of the dependent variable of reading with three measures of communicative fluency and two measures of English grammar/structure. For both groups there were high correlations between reading and the two measures of English grammar/structure; the Test of Syntactic Abilities and the Signed English Morphology Tests. Correlations ranged from .55 to .70, indicating that both tests are high predictive of reading for deaf adolescents. Moderate (.30 and .42), although statistically significant, correlations were found between reading and oral and manual language proficiency interviews for both groups. Fluency in American Sign Language (ASL), as measured by an ASL language proficiency interview, was not correlated with reading for either group. The...
In vitro evaluation of aerosol bronchodilator delivery during mechanical ventilation: pressure-control vs. volume control ventilation.

Objective To determine the effect of inspiratory time and inspiratory flow pattern on albuterol delivery by aerosol during mechanical ventilation.
AN OLD DOCTOR GROWS OLDER

Abstract:An old man, I am convinced that aging is no disease, but a normal part of living, just like childhood. Society should provide for our inevitable decline rather than support research to postpone our dying. Retirement, now so arbitrary, defines when men and women are old, and so discards contributions from the elderly who want to work. As a physician, I am sure that many of us over 65 could help to assist the caregivers who have so little time. Ageism is part of the problem: medical students learn ageism in their early training, and that ageism is reinforced by later contact with the frail sick elderly who come to them for care. Aging-and death-have grown invisible to the young. But now that we elderly are so many and, thanks to good luck or the Creator's grace, so healthy and still so active, we need to exercise the power of our numbers. We have obtained many rights, like "early-bird suppers" and discounted bus tickets, but we need to talk more about our duties and even about our obligations to the young who will someday take our place.
Continuous high-repetition-rate operation of collisional soft-x-ray lasers with solid targets

We have generated a laser average output power of 2 μW at a wavelength of 13.9 nm by operating a tabletop laser-pumped Ni-like Ag laser at a 5 Hz repetition rate, using a solid helicoidal target that is continuously rotated and advanced to renew the target surface between shots. More than 2×104 soft-x-ray laser shots were obtained by using a single target. Similar results were obtained at 13.2 nm in Ni-like Cd with a Cd-coated target. This scheme will allow uninterrupted operation of laser-pumped tabletop collisional soft-x-ray lasers at a repetition rate of 10 Hz for a period of hours, enabling the generation of continuous high average soft-x-ray powers for applications.
Creating Sustainable Futures for Academic Libraries

ABSTRACT Sustainability is the capacity to endure. For academic libraries, sustainability may well require a radical recalibration of their historic value proposition. The “Great Recession” has accelerated profound changes in higher education funding and in the perception of higher education as a public good. Can libraries use scarcity to fuel the imagination? Can the singular strengths of libraries boost the ability of higher education to thrive, not merely survive? What can be learned from strategies employed in the Great Depression and other periods of severe constraint? Ultimately, how might libraries increase revenue, engender flexibility, foster collaboration, align activities, reduce costs, strengthen infrastructure, and encourage innovation within the framework of a sustainable academic business plan? This article examines these questions by using the University of Washington's 2Y2D (Two Years to Two Decades) initiative and the UW Libraries companion effort, Building Sustainable Futures, as a case...
Structural and Functional Characterization of cTnT in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) is a primary disease of the cardiac sarcomere. Many disease-causing mutations in the thin filament protein cTnT are found within the TNT1 region. Residues 160-163 represent a mutational hotspot within a highly charged region (158-RREEEENRR-166). In this region, this highly alpha helical domain may unwind to create a flexible hinge that is necessary for function, the structure and dynamics of which may be affected by FHC mutations. We are investigating the structure and function of this region using in vitro motility (IVM) assays and SDSL-EPR. The purpose of our IVM experiments is two-fold: to functionally analyze our spin labeled proteins and to gain insight into the function of TNT1 in the presence of cysteine substitutions and FHC mutations. Preliminary IVM data shows a progressive increase in the severity of the functional effects of cysteine substitution and spin labeling across the putative hinge region (153<168<172), suggesting that this region is dynamically important and may be making critical interactions with other components of the sarcomere. Preliminary CW-EPR spectra show an increase in isotropic rotational rate at residue 153 (upstream of the putative hinge region) between cTnT alone and in the troponin ternary complex, suggesting that there is a decrease in alpha helical character at this residue in the ternary complex. Introduction of Δ160E further increases the isotropic rotational rate, suggesting an increase in flexibility due to backbone changes induced by the mutation. To further investigate structural and functional changes caused by FHC mutations within the putative hinge region, we will continue to expand our IVM functional analyses with additional cysteine substitutions, as well as FHC mutations at residues 160 and 163. Double label SDSL-EPR are currently underway that will provide secondary and tertiary structural information.
The simulation of inventory systems: An overview:

A survey of simulation techniques used in the modeling of in ventory systems was conducted. Six categories of use were formed. Research published in each of the categories was described. Observatio...
Chronic granulocytic leukemia of childhood. Clinical and cytogenetic studies.

Chronic granulocytic leukemia in infancy differs in some clinical and hematologicaspects from the disease seen in older children and adults. Cytogenetic studies were performed on cells from peripheral blood culture and direct marrow preparations in 9 children with chronic granulocytic leukemia. The 5 children with the adult type of disease demonstrated the Ph 1 -chromosome, but none of the 4 infants studied had this abnormal chromosome. However, 2 infants, as well as one child in the older group, had aneuploid stem-lines with a modal number of 47, the extra chromosomes being "minute" elements.
Selection in populations with overlapping generations. I. The use of Malthusian parameters in population genetics.

Abstract The concept of the Malthusian parameter of a genotype is discussed, and an expression derived for it in terms of the age-specific mortality and fecundity functions of the genotype in question. It is shown that certain assumptions which are often made in using Malthusian parameters are not generally applicable and may sometimes lead to inaccurate results. In particular, Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of natural selection is not exact, even in the form in which he originally put it forward. Expressions for equilibrium gamete frequencies in the one and two locus situations are derived, and it is shown that they are analogous to the discrete generation equations if fitnesses are defined appropriately. They differ, however from the results using Malthusian parameters with the usual simplifying assumptions.
Children's divergent thinking and creative ideation

Abstract Children's creative thinking is often assessed with divergent thinking tests. This article reviews the literature on divergent thinking tests and suggests that the strengths of these tests include their solid theoretical bases, their reliability, their selective validity, and the vast literature available to assist interpretations. Specific conclusions supported by the research include the following. First, divergent thinking test scores are predictive of some types of performance (e.g., writing) but are not predictive of performance in other domains (e.g., art). Second, divergent thinking tests have discriminant validity, but the traditional scoring technique (with fluency, originality, and flexibility) may be inadequate, and the level of ability of the examinees must be taken into account when comparing ideational scores with intelligence test scores. Third, several personality traits (e.g., independence) and familial variables (e.g., birth order, family size, age gap) are associated with performance on tests of ideational creativity. Finally, performance on divergent thinking can be influenced by models, including parental divergent thinking, incentives and reinforcement, task perception, environmental cues, stimulus characteristics, and age. Overall, the research suggests that these tests are useful as estimates of children's potential for creative thinking.