cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of cardiovascular function in the marmot Marmota flaviventris

Abstract Monthly measurements of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac output were made on active and hibernating marmots from the time of emergence from hibernation through the next hibernation period. From these measurements cardiac index, stroke index, and total peripheral resistance were calculated on the basis of estimated lean body mass. Heart rate was low after emergence (132 ± 9.5 beats (B)/min), peaked in August (160 ± 9.3 B/min), and then fell slightly in September and October. During hibernation heart rate fell to 9 ± 1.1 B/min. Mean arterial pressure, which was low in early spring (101 ± 6.9 mm Hg), rose to a peak value in June (131 ± 7.7 mm Hg) and remained essentially unchanged until hibernation when it fell to 52 ± 4.0 mm Hg. Cardiac index (61 ± 4.9 ml/kg min) in March rose to a peak in May (83 ± 8.5 ml/kg min) and fell linearly until October. There was an additional drop in cardiac index during hibernation (7.6 ± 0.9 ml/kg min). Total peripheral resistance increased linearly from the time of emergence until October. Most of this change was due to the decrease in cardiac index. Stroke index showed no significant changes in the prehibernation period, but increased by 55% during hibernation. Maintenance of arterial pressure in the months preceding hibernation in the face of diminishing cardiac index indicate that alterations in vasomotor tone or shifts in patterns of blood flow occurred prior to the hibernation period.
Asymmetric conjugate reductions of coumarins. A new route to tolterodine and related coumarin derivatives.

The combination of catalytic amounts of [(R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS]CuH in the presence of stoichiometric DEMS (diethoxymethylsilane) in toluene at room temperature leads to asymmetric reductions of 4-substituted coumarins. Several targets or their known precursors can be prepared in high yields and ee’s, including the muscarine receptor antagonist (R)-tolterodine.
Oxidation of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate by Isolated Corn Mitochondria

Isolated corn (Zea mays L.) mitochondria were found to oxidize reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in a KCl reaction medium. This oxidation was dependent on the presence of calcium or phosphate or both. Strontium and manganese substituted for calcium, but magnesium or barium did not. The oxidation of NADPH produced contraction of mitochondria swollen in KCl. Further evidence that the oxidation of NADPH was coupled was observed in respiratory control and adenosine diphosphate-oxygen ratios that were comparable to those reported for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The pathways of electron flow from NADH and NADPH were compared through the addition of electron transport inhibitors. The only difference between the two dinucleotides was that amytal was found to inhibit almost totally the state 3 oxidation of NADPH, but had little effect on the state 3 oxidation of NADH. The hypothetical pathways for electron flow from NADPH are discussed, as are the possible sites of calcium and phosphate stimulation.
Phonology and phonetics-A syllable-based model of articulatory organization

A new model for describing articulatory organization is proposed, demonstrating the possibility to basically deviate from the traditional segment-concatenation coarticula tiontheory. This Converter/Distributor (C/D) Model is based on syllables as the concatenative units, and combines feature-based specifications of demisyllables with a novel concept of syllable and boundary strength and timing represented by abstract impulses. Consonantal gestures, superimposed upon a vocalic base function, are implementedas a combination of stored impulse response functions for individual elementalgestures, in respective articulatory dimensions associating actions with articulators.The C/D model is intended for description and explanation of natural speech, and emphasis is placed on its ability to handle articulatory variability due to a wide variety of extraphonological as well as prosodic effects according to simple principles.
Leading Law into the Abyss: What (If Anything) Has Sociology Done to law?

Every age must find its own particular meaning for the biblical admonition, “With much wisdom comes much sorrow.” Every age must come to terms, in its own way, with the fact that the quest for knowledge is not an unproblematic social good, that the world is neither ours to be known nor, through knowledge, mastered. How our age learns these lessons, and whether it will do so at all, is the question that animates Marianne Constable's “Genealogy and Jurisprudence: Nietzsche, Nihilism, and the Social Scientification of Law.”.
Nachhaltige und emotionale Antriebskonzepte

Als erster Automobilhersteller weltweit kann Volkswagen in nur einer Baureihe alle derzeit relevanten Antriebsarten anbieten: Fuer den Klassenprimus Golf fuehrt die Marke sowohl Otto- und Dieselmotoren sowie umweltfreundliche Erdgas-, Biomethan- und Elektroantriebe als auch Plug-in-Hybridtechnik und zukuenftig, wenn es der Markt verlangt, auch Wasserstoff-Brennstoffzellen im Programm. Praesentiert werden die Entwicklung der Antriebstechnik sowie die differenzierte Kraftstoff- und Motorenstrategie.
Prevalence of major depressive disorder in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy versus other medications

Abstract Depression is believed to be a common side effect in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy. However, diagnoses of depression defined by current diagnostic criteria may not be more common in patients receiving beta-blockers than in patients with the same medical disorder receiving other medications. Seventy-seven patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain received a semi-structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Twenty-one percent of the patients receiving beta-blockers and 33 percent of the patients receiving medications other than beta-blockers met the current American Psychiatric Association criteria for major depressive disorder (DSM-III) (p = NS). The mean heart rate and state anxiety scores for patients taking beta-blockers were significantly lower than those measured in patients taking medications other than beta-blockers. No other medical or demographic differences were observed between the two groups. Despite the methodologic limitations of the study, there does not appear to be a difference in the point prevalence of depression between patients receiving beta-blockers and those receiving other medications
Studies of a Poenitz-type black neutron detector as a neutron flux monitor

Abstract A black neutron detector of novel design has been constructed and tested as a neutron flux monitor. The neutron time-of-flight (TOF) technique was used to measure the zero degree neutron spectrum from a subnanosecond pulsed proton beam on a thick metallic lithium target. We describe the detector, discuss the shielding arrangement and electronics, determine the low-energy cut-off. We calculate the efficiency, show spectra and compare measured zero degree differential cross-section of the 7 Li(p, n 0 ) 7 Be reaction with recommended published cross-sections.
Runway performance of normal, sham, and anosmic rats as a function of magnitude of reward and magnitude shift

A two-phase experiment was designed to yield information concerning the effects of magnitude of reward and magnitude shifts on the runway performance of normal, sham-operated, and surgically anosmic rats. Three squads of normal, sham, and anosmic subjects were each divided into three subgroups that received small, multiple-pellet large and single-pellet large reward, respectively, during the first phase (51 trials). During Phase II (30 trials), all subjects received the small reward. Reward magnitude effects developed during Phase I but were shown only by the normal and sham subjects. Significant depression effects were shown during Phase II by all subjects shifted from large to small reward. However, the form of the performance decrements shown during Phase II differed considerably between the normal and sham subjects and the anosmic subjects.
Mechanism of Emulsification of Styrene Using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Cetyl Alcohol Mixtures

Ionic emulsifier-cetyl alcohol mixtures give more stable emul sions than the ionic emulsifiers alone, e. g., the emulsification of styrene using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-cetyl alcohol mixtures gives better stability during emulsion polymerization than ammonium bromide alone. The emulsification of this system was investigated by the conductometric titration of the aqueous mixed emulsifier system at 63° with styrene. At the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-cetyl alcohol ratios which gave good stability, the conductance decreased with increasing styrene concentration to a minimum, then increased to a maximum and decreased slightly or leveled off. During the initial decrease, the sample was translucent and comprised a small number of relatively large (ca. 500nm) droplets which broke down to form a large number of very small (ca. 130nm) droplets; beyond the first inflection point, the sample gradually became opaque and the very small droplets coalesced to form a constant number of larger (ca. 200nm) droplets; beyond the second inflection point, the sample was opaque and the constant number of particles grew in size and narrowed in distribution to form monodisperse (ca. 350nm) droplets. The initial mixed emulsifier system contained crystalline rod-like particles (1–2μm length; 0.1–0.2μm diameter), which disappeared as the relatively large droplets broke down to form very small droplets. With hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide alone, the conductance decreased to an inflection point, then decreased more slowly thereafter; the sample was translucent before the inflection point and opaque afterwards; no crystalline rod-like particles were observed. These results suggest that the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyl alcohol form a crystalline complex which disappears as the emulsion droplets are formed, to release hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the aqueous phase, and then reappears on the droplet surfaces as an adsorbed complex of the optimum ratio.
The Validation of the Checklist of Controlling Behaviors (CCB): Assessing Coercive Control in Abusive Relationships

The current study addresses the validation of the Checklist of Controlling Behaviors (CCB), an 84-item domestic violence assessment instrument that can be used to address multiple levels of violence and coercive control in violent relationships. Derived from clinical observation and current theories, the CCB makes use of intimate partner violence survivor reports to identify the intensity and frequency of relationship violence. The instrument is divided into 10 subscales including (1) physical abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) male privilege, (4) isolation, (5) minimizing and denying, (6) blaming, (7) intimidation, (8) threats, (9) emotional abuse, and (10) economic abuse. To assess validity and reliability of the CCB, 2,135 female volunteers taking refuge at a domestic violence shelter were administered the instrument. Results of principal component analysis of the individual subscales revealed 10 factors having goodness-of-fit values above the desired normative level of .90.
Balloon Septostomy for Membranous Obstruction of the Vena Cava in Budd-Chiari Syndrome

The Budd-Chiari Syndrome secondary to a membranous web in the inferior vena cava was successfully treated in a 38-year-old man by Gruntzig—triple balloon dilatation. Follow-up at one year showed near absent ascites.
Seed dispersal by forest chimpanzees in Uganda

The role of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) as seed dispersers in the Kibale Forest Reserve of western Uganda was assessed by analysing 1849 dung samples from two chimpanzee communities and by conducting germination trials on dispersed and non-dispersed seeds. Of the chimpanzee dung samples, 98.5% contained seeds, and fig seeds were the most common. The number of large seeds (>2 mm) per dung sample was often high, even for species with a relatively large seed. For example, Mimusops bagshawei has a 15-mm diameter seed and had an average of 26.5 seeds per sample. In addition, many seed species were found in the dung repeatedly over several months. Germination trials demonstrated that the species of seed commonly collected from dung were viable. Comparisons of both the rate and success of germination of chimpanzee-dispersed seeds with seeds collected directly from the parent trees, showed that gut passage increased the speed and probability of germination. The number of large seeds dispersed by the chimpanzee population was estimated at 369 large seeds km-' day-'. We suggest that in Kibale, chimpanzees may play a more significant role in primary seed dispersal than implied by their low numbers and biomass.
Optimal strategies for countering dual-threat jamming/eavesdropping-capable adversaries in MIMO channels

This paper investigates transmission strategies in a MIMO wiretap channel with a transmitter, receiver and wiretapper, each equipped with multiple antennas. In a departure from existing work, the wiretapper is able to act either as a passive eavesdropper or as an active jammer per channel use, under a half-duplex constraint. The transmitter therefore faces a choice between dynamically allocating all of its power for data; or broadcasting artificial noise along with the information signal in order to selectively degrade the eavesdropper's channel. We model the network as a zero-sum game in strategic form with the MIMO secrecy rate as the payoff function. We first carry out a detailed analysis of the various rate outcomes that result from the possible actions of the agents. We then discuss the conditions for equilibrium outcomes in the strategic form of the game. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to corroborate the analytical results.
Immigrants in the City: New York's Irish and German Catholics

In the 1860s Walt Whitman described New York as a “city of spires and masts” with “the flags of all nations … duly lowered at sunset.” To this celebrator or urban life New York was a “city of the world! For all races are here; all the lands of the earth make contributions here.” The cosmopolitan character of New York was especially reflected in the city's Roman Catholic community. In the words of John Hughes, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York at mid-century, his “people were composed of representatives from almost all nations.” There were Italian and French Catholics, German and Irish Catholics as well as white and black American-born Catholics. And if one looked long enough, he would come across Catholic merchants from Spain and Catholic chefs from Switzerland. But within this polyglot community the two most significant ethnic groups in ante-bellum New York were the Irish and German immigrants.
α-D-Glucopyranosyl fluoride: A substrate of sucrose phosphorylase

Abstract α-D-Glucopyranosyl fluoride (glucosyl fluoride) was found to be a substrate for sucrose phosphorylase from Pseudomonas saccharophila . At saturating Pi (0.030 M) the apparent Km is the same as that of sucrose, but the apparent Vmax is 2.7 times as great; therefore, glucosyl fluoride is the best glucose donor presently known for sucrose phosphorylase. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of glucosyl fluoride at the same rate as sucrose and glucose-1-P.
Using Technology to Facilitate Authentic Assessment of Bilingual Preschool Children

An increasing number of children in preschools and schools around the country are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and speak multiple languages. However, clinicians are often ...
Presynaptic GABAB-and γ-hydroxybutyric acid-mediated mechanisms in generalized absence seizures

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a naturally occurring compound which has the ability to induce generalized absence seizures when given to animals. This effect of GHB may be blocked by either GHB or GABAB receptor antagonists. We sought to test the hypothesis that pre-synaptic GHB- and GABAB-mediated mechanisms in thalamus and cortex are operative in the GHB model of generalized absence seizures. Presynaptic Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux was determined using Ca2+-stimulated Rb86 efflux in synaptosomes prepared from thalamus and cortex in the presence of GHB, a specific GHB receptor antagonist, the specific GABAB agonist (−)baclofen, or the specific GABAB antagonists, phaclofen and CGP 35348. The effect of these compounds was determined also on basal and K+-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake and basal and K+-stimulated synaptosomal cytosolic Ca2+([Ca2]i) in synaptosomes prepared from thalamus and cortex and on [125I]ω-conotoxin binding in thalamus and cortex using autoradiographic binding techniques. There was no demonstrable change in Ca2+-stimulated Rb86 efflux in any experimental condition studied; however GHB and (−)baclofen both suppressed K+-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake and [Ca2]i in synaptosomes and were associated with a decrease in [125I]ω-conotoxin binding which achieved statistical significance only in frontal cortex, a brain region selectively involved in the genesis of GHB-induced absence seizures. The effects of GHB and (−)baclofen on K+-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake and [Ca2], in synaptosomes were additive. The effects of GHB in this regard were attenuated by the GHB antagonist and phaclofen while that of (−)baclofen was attenuated by CGP 35348. These data do not support the hypothesis that the GHB and GABAB receptor are one and the same. Rather, they raise the possibility that a presynaptic GHB/GABAB receptor complex might be involved in the pathogenesis of GHB-induced generalized absence seizures.
Influence of resident involvement on trauma care outcomes.

Hypothesis Discrepancies exist in complications and outcomes at teaching trauma centers (TTCs) vs nonteaching TCs (NTCs). Design Retrospective review of the National Trauma Data Bank research data sets (January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2008). Setting Level II TCs. Patients Patients at TTCs were compared with patients at NTCs using demographic, clinical, and outcome data. Regression modeling was used to adjust for confounding factors to determine the effect of house staff presence on failure to rescue, defined as mortality after an in-house complication. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measures were major complications, in-hospital mortality, and failure to rescue. Results In total, 162 687 patients were available for analysis, 36 713 of whom (22.6%) were admitted to NTCs. Compared with patients admitted to TTCs, patients admitted to NTCs were older (52.8 vs 50.7 years), had more severe head injuries (8.3% vs 7.8%), and were more likely to undergo immediate operation (15.0% vs 13.2%) or ICU admission (28.1% vs 22.8%) (P Conclusions Admission to level II TTCs is associated with an increased risk for major complications and a higher rate of failure to rescue compared with admission to level II NTCs. Further investigation of the differences in care provided by level II TTCs vs NTCs may identify areas for improvement in residency training and processes of care.
Perceptions of Chinese restaurants in the U.S.: What affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions?

Abstract This study investigates American customers’ perceptions of Chinese restaurants in the U.S., using the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) approach. This study also examines which attributes of Chinese restaurants influence American customers’ satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The IPA shows that environmental cleanliness and attentive service are two important areas where Chinese restaurateurs can make improvements. In addition, food taste and service reliability appear to be key attributes for Chinese restaurants’ success. Overall, this study indicates that food quality, service reliability and environmental cleanliness are three pivotal attributes to create satisfied customers and positive post-dining behavioral intentions. Chinese restaurant managers should reasonably allocate their limited resources to restaurant attributes based on their contributions to customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions.
Cortical dynamics during spectrotemporal processing as indexed by directed functional connectivity

Neural processing in the cortex plays a key role in our ability to discriminate changes in acoustic features important for understanding speech. Converging evidence demonstrates functional asymmetries between hemispheres such that the left hemisphere (LH) typically shows greater sensitivity to temporal changes while the right hemisphere (RH) shows greater sensitivity to spectral change. Most human studies to date have evaluated static differences in hemispheric activation with little attention given to potential dynamic changes within and across hemispheres during stimulus processing. The present study quantifies changes in the cortical representation of spectral (0.5 and 2.0 cycles/octave), temporal (2, 8, 32, and 64 Hz), and spectro-temporal (combination of both) modulation frequency. Cortical event-related responses were measured using a 64-channel montage during a passive, continuous change-detection paradigm in young, normal-hearing listeners. Individual and group data were preprocessed and source-localized for all conditions, with regions of interest (ROI) defined on group data. To determine whether activity in one ROI dynamically influences another during stimulus processing, Granger causality modeling was used to estimate directed functional connectivity. Preliminary results show robust directional processing that may originate in one hemisphere (i.e., spectral processing in RH or temporal processing in LH) but dynamically engages cortical regions within and across hemispheres.
Valvular pathology diagnosed with transesophageal echocardiography during aortic root replacement

A 22-YEAR-OLD man was admitted with a known history of congenital aortic insufficiency (AI) after a 6-month history of worsening dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. His past medical history was significant for cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and tobacco abuse. He denied fevers, chills, rigors, or night sweats. A complete blood count revealed no abnormal leukocytosis. Medications included amlodipine, aspirin, and amiodarone. Echocardiogram revealed severe left ventricular (LV) dilatation (LV diastolic diameter 79 mm), severe AI, and a LV ejection fraction of 70% to 75%. Cardiac catheterization confirmed severe AI, LV ejection fraction of 55%, LV end-diastolic pressure of 30 mmHg, with right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures of 26/8 and 26/16, respectively. The patient was brought to the operating room to undergo a homograft aortic root replacement because of his adamant refusal to consider mechanical valve placement. The patient was noted on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination to have a severe congenital deformation of the aortic valve with a near-quadricuspid appearance. The aortic annulus measured 33 mm, and severe prolapse of the right and noncoronary leaflets was noted. The following images (Figs1-3) were obtained. In addition to severe aortic insufficiency, what is the patient’s further diagnosis and its corresponding etiology?
Conceptual Representations of Flu and Microbial Illness Held by Students, Teachers, and Medical Professionals

This study describes 5 th, 8th, and 11th-grade students', teachers', and medical professionals' conceptions of flu and microbial illness. Participants constructed a concept map on “flu” and participated in a semi-structured interview. The results showed that these groups of students, teachers and medical professionals held and structured their conceptions about microbes differently. A progression toward more accurate and complete knowledge existed across the groups but this trajectory was not always a predictable, linear developmental path from novice to expert. Across the groups, participants were most knowledgeable about symptoms of microbial illness, treatments of symptoms, and routes of transmission for respiratory illnesses. This knowledge was tightly linked to participants' prior experiences with colds and flu. There were typically large gaps in participants' (children and teachers) understandings of vaccines, immune system responses, treatments (including the mechanisms of pain medications and the functions of antibiotics), and transmission of non-respiratory microbial illness. A common misconception held by students was the belief that antibiotics can cure viral infections.
Chirp Waveform Generation Using Digital Samples

This paper describes two methods of generating an analog frequency-modulated waveform by the use of a small number of digital samples of the ?chirp? waveform. The number of digital samples required is a function of the time-bandwidth product. For certain values of time-bandwidth product, this type of signal generation becomes extremely efficient. Several proofs are offered which show how to select ?optimum? values of time-bandwidth products. Two hardware implementations are suggested. One is based on the use of modulo arithmetic and a small stored memory table. The second method utilizes the inherent signal symmetries available if ?optimum? time-bandwidth products are selected. The symmetrical signal patterns are stored in recirculating reversible shift registers which can be read out at high speeds.
A beat frequency RF modulator for generation of low repetition rate electron microbunches for the CEBAF polarized source

Fiber-based drive lasers now produce all of the spin- polarized electron beams at CEBAF/Jefferson Lab. The flexibility of these drive lasers, combined with the existing three-beam CEBAF photoinjector Chopper, provides a means to implement a beat frequency technique to produce long time intervals between individual electron microbunches (tens of nanoseconds) by merely varying the nominal 499 MHz drive laser frequency by < 20%. This submission describes the RF Laser modulator that uses a divider and heterodyne scheme to maintain coherence with the accelerator Master Oscillator (MO), while providing delay resolution in increments of 2 ns. Some possible uses for such a beam are discussed as well as intended future development.
Disorder-to-order transitions induced by alkyne/azide click chemistry in diblock copolymer thin films

We investigated thin film morphologies of binary blends of alkyne-functionalized diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate-random-propargyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-P(nBMA-r-PgMA)) and Rhodamine B azide, where the thermal alkyne/azide click reaction between the two components induced a disorder-to-order transition (DOT) of the copolymer. By controlling the composition of the neat copolymers and the mole ratio between the alkyne and azide groups, different microphase separated morphologies were achieved. At higher azide loading ratios, a perpendicular orientation of the microdomains was observed with wide accessible film thickness window. As less azide was incorporated, the microdomains have a stronger tendency to be parallel to the substrate, and the film thickness window for perpendicular orientation also became narrower.
A Comparison of Single-Sex and Coeducational Catholic Secondary Schooling: Evidence From the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988

Three questions were addressed using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. First, are there differences between single-sex and coeducational Catholic secondary school students in academic and social psychological outcomes? Second, do these differences especially favor young women in single-sex schools? Third, can student pre-enrollment differences account for apparent sector effects? The results indicated that single-sex Catholic secondary schools were not especially favorable academic settings and that any advantages of attending these schools only benefited boys. However, any sector differences in student achievement test scores were explained by pre-enrollment differences in measured background and prior achievement. Recent changes in the demographic make-up of all Catholic high schools may account for the differences between our findings and prior research.
White-box testing of behavioral web service contracts with Pex

A web service exposes a public API that can be accessed by potentially hostile clients over the internet. Pex, a white-box test generation tool for .NET, can automatically create test inputs that cover comer cases of a web service implemented in .NET, simulating a malicous attacker.
Power reduction via near-optimal library-based cell-size selection

Assuming continuous cell sizes we have robustly achieved global minimization of the total transistor sizes needed to achieve a delay goal, thus minimizing dynamic power (and reducing leakage power). We then developed a feasible branch-and-bound algorithm that maps the continuous sizes to the discrete sizes available in the standard cell library. Results show that a typical library gives results close to the optimal continuous size results. After using state-of-the-art commercial synthesis, the application of our discrete size selection tool results in a dynamic power reduction of 40% (on average) for large industrial designs.
A scale-recursive, statistically-based method for anomaly characterization in images based upon observations of scattered radiation

A scale-recursive algorithm is presented for the detection and characterization of anomalous structures in a medium based upon observations of scattered radiation obtained along the boundary of the region. A nonlinear scattering model based upon Maxwell's equation is used to relate the anomalous structures to the measured fields. Decision- and estimation-theoretic techniques are employed to (a) identify large-scale areas in which such anomalies are present and (b) spatially refine these estimated regions to better localize the true anomalous structures. Examples are presented from a low-frequency inverse conductivity problem drawn from the field of geophysical signal processing.
Akt Signaling Accelerates Tumor Recurrence Following Ras Inhibition in the Context of Ink4a/Arf Loss:

Aberrant activation of the RAS signaling pathway contributes to nearly all human cancers, including gliomas. To determine the dependence of high-grade gliomas on this signaling pathway, we developed a doxycycline-regulated KRas glioma mouse model. Using this model we previously demonstrated that inhibition of KRas expression in gliomas induced by activated KRas and Akt results in complete tumor regression. We have also shown that, in the context of Ink4a/Arf loss, abrogation of KRas signaling is sufficient to decrease tumor burden but resistance ensues. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of activated Akt signaling in combination with activated KRas and loss of Ink4a/Arf on the growth and recurrence of brain tumors following suppression of KRas expression. We observed significant tumor formation in Ink4a/Arflox/lox mice injected with retroviruses containing tetracycline responsive element (TRE)-KRas, Tet-off, Akt, and Cre. Abrogation of KRas signaling resulted in significant tumor regression; however, resistance developed after a relatively short latency. Tumor recurrence occurred more rapidly and the tumors were more aggressive in the presence of activated Akt signaling compared with loss of Ink4a/Arf alone suggesting that this pathway contributes to tumor progression in this context.
On the Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of Pt/Co Multilayers: Structure-Property Relationships

ABSTRACTA series of Pt/Co multilayers were sputter-deposited under various deposition conditions to promote structural changes resulting in marked differences in both the perpendicular anisotropy and magnetic coercivity. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was used in combination with other analytical techniques to study the structure of these films. It was found that the most important feature controlling the magnitude of the anisotropy is the interface sharpness. Conversely properties such as the quality of the (111) texture, grain shape or the defect structure, were found to be of secondary importance. The magnetic coercivity ranged from 0.6 to 7 kOe depending on the sputtering conditions and was found to depend strongly on the grain boundary structure rather than on the grain size.
Atmospheric Rivers and Cool Season Extreme Precipitation Events in the Verde River Basin of Arizona

AbstractInland-penetrating atmospheric rivers (ARs) can affect the southwestern United States and significantly contribute to cool season (November–March) precipitation. In this work, a climatological characterization of AR events that have led to cool season extreme precipitation in the Verde River basin (VRB) in Arizona for the period 1979/80–2010/11 is presented. A “bottom up” approach is used by first evaluating extreme daily precipitation in the basin associated with AR occurrence, then identifying the two dominant AR patterns (referred to as Type 1 and Type 2, respectively) using a combined EOF statistical analysis. The results suggest that AR events in the Southwest do not form and develop in the same regions. Water vapor content in Type 1 ARs is obtained from the tropics near Hawaii (central Pacific) and enhanced in the midlatitudes, with maximum moisture transport over the ocean at low levels of the troposphere. On the other hand, moisture in Type 2 ARs has a more direct tropical origin and merid...
Can Financial Markets Discipline Banks? Evidence From The Markets For Preferred Stock

This paper explores the potential benefits of allowing greater use of money-market preferred stock (MMPS) in the capital structure of banking organizations. We find that banking organizations offering MMPS tend to have lower profitability and higher credit risk than institutions offering capital-market preferred stock. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that markets will provide incentives, in the form of lower risk premiums, for higher default-risk institutions to offer MMPS rather than CMPS, because the auction process allows investors to adjust for any shifts in risk profiles by repricing the issue every 49 days. The finding that institution-specific risk influences the financing behavior of bank managers implies that banks are subject to a degree of market discipline.
Attentional Load Effects on Beta Oscillations in Healthy and Schizophrenic Individuals.

Attentional deficits are prominent among the cognitive disturbances found in schizophrenia. Given that schizophrenia is also characterized by abnormalities in high-frequency oscillations, we investigated whether attentional function in schizophrenia is related to abnormalities in high-frequency oscillations in a visual discrimination task in which attentional load was manipulated. Sixteen healthy control subjects (HC) and 23 chronic schizophrenia patients (SZ) discriminated between target discs (P = 0.2) and standard discs (P = 0.8). Attentional load was manipulated by varying the size difference between the target and standard discs across blocks: large (Easy condition), medium (Medium), and small (Difficult). The electroencephalogram was recorded and the oscillations evoked by the standard stimuli were analyzed using the Morlet wavelet transform. Subjects’ performance decreased as attentional load increased, but HC and SZ did not differ. Attentional load increased β phase-locking factor at frontal, parietal, and occipital electrode sites in HC but not SZ. In SZ, however, there was a correlation between the β attentional load effect and overall d', indicating that high-performing SZ had relatively normal β attentional load effects. These results show that variations in attentional load are associated with β oscillations and provide a link between attentional dysfunction and β-generating neural circuitry in schizophrenia.
Biased self-perceived social competence and engagement in subtypes of aggression: Examination of peer rejection, social dominance goals, and sex of the child as moderators.

This study expands on prior research suggesting that children who either over- or under-estimate their social competence relative to others' reports are more likely to be aggressive. Linear and curvilinear associations between biased social self-perceptions and forms (physical vs. relational) and functions (proactive vs. reactive) of aggression were tested along with three moderators (peer rejection, social dominance goals, and child sex). Children in the fifth through eight grade (N = 167) completed self-reports of perceived social competence and social dominance goals. Teachers completed ratings of children's social competence, peer rejection, and reactive and proactive physical and relational aggression. Bias in self-perceived social competence was quantified as the residual difference between child and teacher ratings of the child's social competence. There was a significant interaction between quadratic bias and peer rejection predicting reactive physical aggression; rejected children with a positive bias or a negative bias were highest in reactive physical aggression. The interaction between linear bias, social dominance goals, and the sex of the child was also significant when predicting proactive physical aggression. Among girls who highly valued social dominance, a positive bias predicted greater proactive physical aggression. Results are discussed in terms of implications for aggression theory and intervention. Aggr. Behav. 42:498-509, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus Achieved during Manufacture of Whole-Muscle Beef Jerkyin Home-Style Dehydrators

Adequate lethality in jerky manufacture destroys appropriate levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Our goal was to evaluate the lethality of four home-style dehydrator processes against these pathogens. Whole-muscle beef strips were inoculated with L. monocytogenes (five strains), S. aureus (five strains), or a mixed inoculum of E. coli O157:H7 (five strains) and Salmonella (eight strains). After allowing for attachment, strips were marinated in Colorado-, Original-, or Teriyaki-seasoned marinade for 22 to 24 h and dried in three home-style dehydrators (Garden Master, Excalibur, and Jerky Xpress) at 57.2 to 68.3°C. Samples were taken postmarination; after 4, 6, and 8 h of drying; and after drying, followed by heating for 10 min in a 135°C oven. Surviving inocula were enumerated. With a criterion of ≥ 5.0-log CFU/cm² reduction as the standard for adequate process lethality, none of the samples achieved the target lethality for any pathogen after 4 h of drying, even though all samples appeared "done" (water activity of less than 0.85). A postdehydration oven-heating step increased the proportion of samples meeting the target lethality after 4 h of drying to 71.9, 88.9, 55.6, and 77.8% for L. monocytogenes-, S. aureus-, E. coli O157:H7-, and Salmonella-inoculated samples, respectively, and after an 8-h drying to 90.6, 94.4, 83.3, and 91.7% of samples, respectively. Significantly greater lethality was seen with higher dehydrator temperature and significantly lower with Teriyaki-marinated samples. Heating jerky dried in a home-style dehydrator for 10 min in a 135°C oven would be an effective way to help ensure safety of this product.
Risk of death or incapacitation after heart transplantation, with particular reference to pilots

Pilots who have received a heart transplant may subsequently want to resume flying. This study was undertaken to determine whether a group of heart transplant recipients who had a particularly low risk of sudden unexpected death could be identified from clinical data. An event, "rapid-onset death," was defined incorporating a number of possible causes of death that could result in a heart transplant recipient-pilot losing control of an airplane. The survival of 3676 patients undergoing a first heart transplantation was 85% and 73% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, the hazard function having a high early phase of risk. When time zero was moved to the beginning of the second year after transplantation, the freedom from "rapid-onset death" at posttransplantation year 2 and posttransplantation year 5 was 96.8% and 88%, respectively. For patients who had both a "normal" coronary angiogram and no episodes of acute heart rejection during the first year transplantation, the probability of "rapid onset death" during the second posttransplantation year was 1.4%, and given the same circumstances, during the third posttransplantation year the risk of "rapid-onset death" was 1.6%. This information is potentially useful to the Federal Aviation Administration for policy decisions regarding this issue. Language: en
Influence diagrams with multiple objectives and tradeoff analysis

Influence diagrams have been important models for decision problems because of their ability to both model a problem rigorously at its mathematical level and depict its high-level structure graphically. Once the structure and numerical details of an influence diagram have been specified, it can be evaluated to determine the optimal decision policy. However, when evaluating multiple objectives, in the past this determination was based on the assumption that utility functions that commensurate the objectives are available. This paper extends the structure and solution algorithm for influence diagrams to allow for the inclusion of noncommensurate objectives using multiobjective tradeoff analysis instead of utility theory. This eliminates the need to specify any preference information before the influence diagram is solved. The proposed multiobjective-based methodology is also useful for decision makers who either do not want to accept the assumptions of utility theory for a particular problem, or are confronted with a problem in which it is neither practical nor viable to construct a utility function. Additionally, this paper establishes the relationship between multiobjective influence diagrams and multiobjective decision trees. This relationship is important because it allows a decisionmaker to utilize the advantages of both representations. An example problem is presented to introduce both the extended multiobjective influence diagram methodology and the relationship linking multiobjective decision trees to multiobjective influence diagrams.
Embracing Friends and Embracing Strangers: The Evolution of Firms’ Ego Alliance Networks

In this study, we develop and test an integrative framework of the evolution of firms’ ego alliance network structure, specifically of two evolutionary patterns: the addition of new alliance partne...
3D Seismic Survey Technology Under Complex Condition in Yongcheng Mining Area

In view of the surface obstacles densely,the depth of Cenozoic group stratum is large,the characteristic of coal bed received the rock magma corrosion are not favourable to the seismic survey in Yongcheng mining area,by small distance of between line and line and the small Displacement distance technology solved the problem of information entired in the large-scale bstacles area.By the width azimuth observation system,the wideband receiving,folds 3D surface uniform oscillation amplitude to compensate,the 3D surface uniformity deconvolution and so on,the methods enhanced the material resolution maximum limit,increased the imagery precision;In the process of Explanation,with the wave impedance inversion and the seismic survey analysis technology of synthesizes attribute determines the magmatic rock invasion coal bed scope,by coherent body analysis technology has clarified the small faults,specially the growth situation of the small faults,which has obtained the good geological effect and the economic efficiency.
The Value of Laparoscopy for 106 Impalpable Testes Relative to Clinical Presentation

AbstractLaparoscopy was done in 104 consecutive patients with 106 impalpable testes. Three clinical presentations were identified and the value of laparoscopy in each was analyzed. 1) For unilateral impalpable and contralateral normal testes laparoscopic identification of testicular absence was made in 27% of the cases and intra-abdominal testes were found in 16%. Therefore, laparoscopy was of value in 43% of the cases. 2) For bilateral undescended testes (1 or both impalpable) laparoscopy was diagnostic in 75% of the cases (17% had blind-ending spermatic vessels above the internal ring and 58% had intra-abdominal testes). 3) For patients with previous negative inguinal exploration laparoscopic diagnosis was made in 100%.
How selective migration enables socioeconomic mobility

ABSTRACTJennifer Lee and Min Zhou’s new book, The Asian American Achievement Paradox, revives Asian American scholarship from a period of relative stagnation and elevates the discussion from the morass of cultural essentialism. Its major contributions are to extensively articulate: (1) how much cultural explanations are actually class-based explanations and (2) how selective migration creates the conditions that promote social mobility. This book resolves empirical paradoxes in the scholarship and engages broader debates on race, immigration and inequality.
Quality of Life during Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: Main Determinants and Evidence

Chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure can occur in patients with neuromuscular disease, cystic fibrosis, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Quality of life (QoL) may be more important than longevity in the end stages of these disease processes. There is good evidence that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can improve QoL for hypercapnic patients without COPD but there is some uncertainty for those with COPD.
Sacred text as cultural genome: an inheritance mechanism and method for studying cultural evolution

ABSTRACTAny process of evolution requires a mechanism of inheritance for the transmission of information across generations and the expression of phenotypes during each generation. Genetic inheritance mechanisms have been studied for over a century but mechanisms of inheritance for human cultural evolution are far less well understood. Sacred religious texts have the properties required for an inheritance system. They are replicated across generations with high fidelity and are transcribed into action every generation by the invocation and interpretation of selected passages. In this article we borrow concepts and methods from genetics and epigenetics to study the “expressed phenotypes” of six Christian churches that differ along a conservative–progressive axis. Their phenotypic differences, despite drawing upon the same sacred text, can be explained in part by differential expression of the sacred text. Since the invocation and interpretation of sacred texts are often well preserved, our methods allow th...
Nuclear Data Sheets for 181Hg

Nuclear structure data pertaining to 181Hg have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation of 181Hg supersedes the previous publication (R. B. Firestone, Nuclear Data Sheets 62, 101 (1991) (literature cutoff date October 1990)), and includes literature available by 2 July 1999. The newly incorporated references are: 1997Va17, 1995Au04, 1987To09, 1986Ul02, 1979Ha10, 1975Ho02, 1971Ho07.