cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-Treatment Controllers: Role in HIV "Cure" Research

Descriptions of individuals who are able to control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy after receiving short-term therapy early in infection ("post-treatment controllers") has generated excitement and controversy within the field. As with natural or "elite" controllers, these cases provide hope that a long-term remission or "functional cure" might one day be possible. Here, we review what is known and not known about these cases and discuss the immunologic factors that may allow these unique individuals to be maintain viral control and may be important for future curative strategies.
The impact of wind power on electricity prices

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of wind power on electricity prices using a production cost model of the Independent System Operator – New England power system. Different scenarios in terms of wind penetration, wind forecasts, and wind curtailment are modeled in order to analyze the impact of wind power on electricity prices for different wind penetration levels and for different levels of wind power visibility and controllability. The analysis concludes that electricity price volatility increases even as electricity prices decrease with increasing wind penetration levels. The impact of wind power on price volatility is larger in the shorter term (5-min compared to hour-to-hour). The results presented show that over-forecasting wind power increases electricity prices while under-forecasting wind power reduces them. The modeling results also show that controlling wind power by allowing curtailment increases electricity prices, and for higher wind penetrations it also reduces their volatility.
A Trienoic Fatty Acid Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis is Defective in Recovery from Photoinhibition at Low Temperatures

Photosystem II reaction center is susceptible to light induced damage and steady state photosynthesis is maintained by continual repair of the photo-inactivated photosystems. An increase in the rate of inactivation (by over excitation of PS II) or a decrease in the rate of repair of PSII centers can result in accumulation of damaged PS II and consequent photoinhibition of photosynthesis. Since the assembly and stability of PS II complex involves close interaction with membrane lipids, photoinhibition and recovery of PS II centers are likely to be affected by the lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane.
Considerations of clinical trials for lipid-altering drugsregistration

The aim of this article is to introduce the considerations of clinical trials for lipid-altering drugs registration.The efficacy is shown by three aspects:altering the lipid parameters,vascular protection,mortality and main cardiovascular events decrease.The safety characteristics are focused on liver,muscle and long term cardiovascular events rate.The article is also referring the especial considerations for clinical trials conducted in children.
Eukaryotic Expression Systems for Structural Studies

This protocol describes protein production in mammalian cells by transient transfection. It assumes the expression construct contains either a 6-HIS or Fc fusion tag to allow recovery of the protein by affinity chromatography. The method is one of the simplest available for protein expression in eukaryotic cells, requires little specialized equipment, and has a reasonably high rate of success.
Reporting quality of randomised controlled trial abstracts among high-impact general medical journals: a review and analysis

Objective The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for Abstracts by five high-impact general medical journals and to assess whether the quality of reporting was homogeneous across these journals. Design This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting Randomised controlled trial (RCT) abstracts in five high-impact general medical journals. Participants We used up to 100 RCT abstracts published between 2011 and 2014 from each of the following journals: The New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ), the Annals of Internal Medicine ( Annals IM ), The Lancet , the British Medical Journal ( The BMJ ) and the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ). Main outcome The primary outcome was per cent overall adherence to the 19-item CONSORT for Abstracts checklist. Secondary outcomes included per cent adherence in checklist subcategories and assessing homogeneity of reporting quality across the individual journals. Results Search results yielded 466 abstracts, 3 of which were later excluded as they were not RCTs. Analysis was performed on 463 abstracts (97 from NEJM , 66 from Annals IM , 100 from The Lancet , 100 from The BMJ , 100 from JAMA ). Analysis of all scored items showed an overall adherence of 67% (95% CI 66% to 68%) to the CONSORT for Abstracts checklist. The Lancet had the highest overall adherence rate (78%; 95% CI 76% to 80%), whereas NEJM had the lowest (55%; 95% CI 53% to 57%). Adherence rates to 8 of the checklist items differed by >25% between journals. Conclusions Among the five highest impact general medical journals, there is variable and incomplete adherence to the CONSORT for Abstracts reporting checklist of randomised trials, with substantial differences between individual journals. Lack of adherence to the CONSORT for Abstracts reporting checklist by high-impact medical journals impedes critical appraisal of important studies. We recommend diligent assessment of adherence to reporting guidelines by authors, reviewers and editors to promote transparency and unbiased reporting of abstracts.
The Effects of Acute Exercise on Physiological Sexual Arousal in Women

This chapter examines the relationship between acute exercise and physiological sexual arousal in women. The first section of the chapter provides foundational knowledge on the physiological sexual arousal response, which is characterized by increased blood flow to the genitals and subsequent vasocongestion, and then highlights the faciliatory effect of acute exercise on this response. Based on a series of studies that investigated autonomic nervous system influences on sexual arousal in women, the second section suggests that activation of the sympathetic nervous system is most likely the mechanism that facilitates the relationship between acute exercise and increased physiological sexual arousal. Finally, the chapter discusses key clinical implications of the relationship between acute exercise and physiological arousal, particularly for women who have a history of childhood sexual abuse, women who have undergone hysterectomies, and women who report sexual arousal problems due to antidepressant medication use.
Effect of a Parenting Intervention on Foster Care Reentry After Reunification Among Substance-Affected Families: A Quasi-Experimental Study:

Although parental substance abuse has been identified as a risk factor for poor foster care outcomes, current research on effective interventions is limited. A few studies have shown that parenting interventions improved parenting skills and family functioning and decreased time to reunification among children in foster care due to parental substance abuse. However, more research is needed to evaluate whether these interventions positively impact reentry rates. Using propensity score analyses to establish a matched comparison group, survival analyses evaluated the relationship between participation in a parenting intervention, the Strengthening Families Program (SFP), and reentry among a sample of 493 children previously reunified with their parents. The overall reentry rate was 20.9%. Analyses indicated that there was no difference in reentry rates between the SFP (23.7%) and comparison groups (18.6%). Significant predictors of reentry were child behavior problems, family poverty, and reunification between 15 and 18 months from removal.
The Economic Benefits of Global Navigation Satellite System and Its Commercial and Non-Commercial Applications

The applications of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are rapidly increasing across sectors. As an innovative industry, the GNSS industry directly affects economic activities and economic growth worldwide. During the past several decades, GNSS technology has transformed American businesses and lifestyles with innovative products and services across industries. GNSS applications have improved business operations and best practices in a range of industries from farming, construction, transportation, and aerospace. In addition to creating efficiencies and reducing operating costs, the adoption of GNSS technology has improved safety, environmental quality, and has delivered many other less-readily quantifiable benefits. Furthermore, GNSS applications have entered into our daily life in many ways that we might not think about and be taken them for granted. For example, a person uses GPS-watch for a pleasure run or a mom uses a GPS-navigation device to looking for alternative route to pick up her kid at the daycare. The values of those services are beyond monetary values. Nevertheless, the future potential is still far reaching.
Dynamic Associations between Testosterone, Partnering, and Sexuality During the College Transition in Women

Testosterone (T) is implicated in tradeoffs between competition for new partners and nurturance within existing pair bonds. Some evidence suggests women in committed romantic relationships have lower T than singles, similar to findings in men. However, it is unclear whether lower T predicts pair bonding or vice versa, as well as how sexual activity might be implicated in within-person links between T and partnering. We conducted a longitudinal study on T and partnering in women, rooted in the Steroid/Peptide Theory of Social Bonds. Participants (78 women) provided saliva samples for T and completed questionnaires about relationships and sexuality at up to nine monthly study sessions. T and relationship status were bidirectionally linked: lower T predicted becoming committed, and becoming committed then increased women’s T. Masturbation was associated with higher T across relationship statuses; however, dyadic sexual activity moderated T-partnering links, such that committed women only had lower T than singles when they were dyadically sexually active. Results point to reciprocal, interactive associations between partnering, sexuality, and T and generate testable hypotheses for unexpected associations via the S/P Theory.
The Global and Historical Context

This chapter provides a historical and global context for understanding the Cuban Revolution and its meaning. It describes the structures of the world-system, the historical development of the world-system, the spectacular ascent of the USA, the role of imperialist policies, and the characteristics of neocolonialism.
Revealing and Detecting Malicious Retweeter Groups

Retweeting/sharing action has enabled information to be cascaded to distant nodes on social network. Unfortunately, malicious users as a group have taken advantage of the retweeting function with coordinated behavior to falsely distort the volume of specific keywords, topics or URLs for promotional purposes (e.g., spreading fake news, and increasing public visibility of products or services). Unfortunately, little is known about their retweeting behavior as a group and how to detect them based on group-based signals. To fill the gap, in this paper, we (i) propose Attractor+ algorithm to extract retweeter groups, members of each of which have similar retweeting behavior; (ii) analyze underlying characteristics of malicious and legitimate retweeter groups; (iii) propose group-based features to catch synchronized and coordinated behavior; and build a predictor to classify if a group is malicious. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperformed existing approaches.
MAJOR BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE EUCLID TRIAL

Rates and predictors of major bleeding events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) treated with antiplatelet medications are not known. This post-hoc analysis of EUCLID aimed to (1) determine the incidence of minor/major bleeding; (2) determine the predictors of major bleeding; and (3)
Effect of Jet Pulsing on Film Cooling—Part II: Heat Transfer Results

Pulsed film cooling was studied experimentally to determine its effect on film-cooling effectiveness and heat transfer. The film-cooling jets were pulsed using solenoid valves in the supply air line. Cases with a single row of cylindrical film-cooling holes inclined at 35 deg to the surface of a flat plate were considered at blowing ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 for a variety of pulsing frequencies and duty cycles. Temperature measurements were made using an infrared camera and thermocouples. The plate was equipped with constant flux surface heaters, and data were acquired for each flow condition with the plate both heated and unheated. The local film-cooling effectiveness, Stanton numbers, and heat flux ratios were calculated and compared to baseline cases with continuous blowing and no blowing. Stanton number signatures on the surface provided evidence of flow structures, including horseshoe vortices wrapping around the film-cooling jets and vortices within the jets. Pulsing tends to increase Stanton numbers, and the effect tends to increase with pulsing frequency and duty cycle. Some exceptions were observed, however, at the highest frequencies tested. Overall heat flux ratios also show that pulsing tends to have a detrimental effect with some exceptions at the highest frequencies. The best overall film cooling was achieved with continuous jets and a blowing ratio of 0.5. The present results may prove useful for understanding film-cooling behavior in engines, where mainflow unsteadiness causes film-cooling jet pulsation. DOI: 10.1115/1.2437230
Emulating Balance Control Observed in Human Test Subjects with a Neural Network

Human balance is likely achieved using many concurrent control loops that combine to react to changes in environment, posture, center of mass and other factors affecting stability. Though numerous engineering models of human balance control have been tested, no models of how these controllers might operate within the nervous system have yet been established. We have developed such a neural model, focusing on a proprioceptive feedback loop. For this model, angular position is measured at the ankle and corrective torque is applied about the joint to maintain a vertical orientation. We built a physical model of an upright human maintaining balance with an inverted pendulum actuated by a torque-control motor. We used an engineering control model for human balance to calculate the control parameters that will cause our physical model to have the same dynamics as human test subject data collected on a tilting platform. We reconstruct this controller in a neural network and compare performance between the neural and classical engineering models in experiment, demonstrating that the design tools in this paper can be used to emulate a classical controller using a neural network with relatively few free parameters.
Integrating technical, economic and cultural impacts in a decision support tool for energy resource management in the Navajo Nation

Abstract Energy resource management decisions will encounter situations where the interaction of culture and the environment play an integral role in management decisions. These decisions are highly complex, requiring tradeoffs among multiple objectives and supported by science that is often uncertain and incomplete. Decision aids can facilitate informed choices across a range of domains and levels of user skills. This paper focuses on the Navajo Nation, exploring a range of energy-development options, estimating their impacts on natural resources and the environment, and connecting these effects to impacts on Navajo cultural resources through an interactive decision support tool for Navajo citizens and leadership. We provide an alternative to methods based solely on economic valuation, willingness-to-pay, or related monetization methods that may be incompatible with some cultural values and may strip meaning or misrepresent the culture under consideration. The tool allows the user to make adjustments regarding fossil fuel and renewable resource development from nine predetermined energy-development scenarios. Displayed in the outcomes to the user are environmental impacts on land, water, and emissions, the associated utility costs on the reservation, and impacts on cultural resources such as grazing lands, medicinal herbs, and sacred sites. The tool may serve as a point of reference for energy and environmental decision support aids in communities where important cultural resources, values, and traditions are potentially impacted by energy management decisions.
SAT optional policies: Do they influence graduate quality, selectivity or diversity?

Abstract Despite many conversations regarding the applicability and relevance of the SAT as a valid admissions tool, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of test-optional policies on various aspects of an institution’s effectiveness and the collegiate experiences within each institution. Using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) coupled with a difference-in-difference analysis, we find that test-optional policies have very limited effects. We find SAT optional policies to have no significant effect on diversity or enrolled student quality. The only statistically significant effect we find is a brief increase in the number of applicants in response to the new policy.
Policy as an international concept: A review of Policy and the Political Life of Music Education

Arts Education Policy Review has served as a primary resource for understanding policy and a publication that invites readers to “contribute to this conversation as we continue to think about these...
Invisible partners in care: Snapshot of well-being among caregivers receiving comprehensive support from Veterans Affairs.

Background and aims Since May 2011, over 23 000 caregivers of Veterans seriously injured on or after September 11, 2001 have enrolled in the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC). PCAFC provides caregivers training, a stipend, and access to health care. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of caregivers in PCAFC and examine associations between caregiver characteristics and caregiver well-being outcomes. Methods We sent a web survey invitation to 10 000 PCAFC caregivers enrolled as of September 2015. Using linear and logistic regressions, we examine associations between PCAFC caregiver characteristics and caregiver outcomes: perceived financial strain, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CESD-10]), perceived quality of Veteran's Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care, and self-reported caregiver health. Results We had complete survey data for 899 respondents. Since becoming a caregiver, approximately 50% of respondents reported reducing or stopping work. Mean time spent providing care was 3.8 years (median 3, IQR 1-5) with an average of 4.9 weekdays (median 5, IQR 5-5) and 1.9 weekend days (median 2, IQR 2-2). The mean CESD-10 score was 8.2 (median 7, 4-12), at the cutoff for screening positive for depressive symptoms. A longer duration of caregiving was associated with having 0.08 increase in rating of financial strain (95% CI, 0.02-0.14). Caregiver rating of the Veteran's health status as "fair" or better was a strong predictor of better caregiver outcomes, ie, self-reported caregiver health. However, higher levels of education were associated with worse caregiver outcomes, ie, lower global satisfaction with VHA care, higher CESD-10 score, and higher rating of financial strain. Conclusions Higher depressive symptoms among longer duration caregivers, coupled with high rates of reductions in hours worked, suggest interventions are needed to address the long-term emotional and financial needs of these caregivers of post-9/11 Veterans and identify subpopulations at risk for worse outcomes.
“I Come in Here So I Don’t Have to Hate Her”: Midland and the Barroom Weeper

Singing a barroom weeper is like writing a haiku about cherry blossoms or a Western about a laconic hero who cleans up a violent town. You’re under significant pressure to nail the obligatory elements of the form but you also have an opportunity to make fresh meanings by rearranging its familiar
Marginal Cost Pricing with a Fixed Error Factor in Traffic Networks

It is well known that chargingmarginal cost tolls (MCT) from self interested agents participating in a congestion game leads to optimal system performance, i.e., minimal total latency. However, it is not generally possible to calculate the correct marginal costs tolls precisely, and it is not known what the impact is of charging incorrect tolls. This uncertainty could lead to reluctance to adopt such schemes in practice. This paper studies the impact of charging MCT with some fixed factor error on the system's performance. We prove that under-estimating MCT results in a system performance that is at least as good as that obtained by not applying tolls at all. This result might encourage adoption of MCT schemes with conservative MCT estimations. Furthermore, we prove that no local extrema can exist in the function mapping the error value, r, to the system's performance, $T(r)$. This result implies that accurately calibrating MCT for a given network can be done by identifying an extremum in $T(r)$ which, consequently, must be the global optimum. Experimental results from simulating several large-scale, real-life traffic networks are presented and provide further support for our theoretical findings.
Initial Examination of the Bidirectional Associations between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Internalizing Symptoms in Children.

Few studies have examined the longitudinal association between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms and internalizing symptoms, and no study has examined the potentially bidirectional associatio...
Personalized Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

Wearable devices have the potential to revolutionize treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) by measuring patient responses to different treatment regimens in real-time, enabling the development of personalized treatments. A variety of wearable devices with different features, sensitivities, and costs are available. Whether such devices are practical and cost-effective to incorporate in treatments for OUD, and if so how they should be used, are critical questions. To investigate these questions, we build a finite-horizon, non-stationary constrained partially observable Markov decision process (CPOMDP). To facilitate the solution of our model, we provide a novel budget reformulation that finds all optimal solutions lying on the original formulation’s solution convex hull. We then show that our reformulation can be solved using a binary search in conjunction with an exact POMDP algorithm. Applying those elements and using parameters estimated from past literature, we perform a numerical study to investigate the values of different wearables in OUDtreatments, where we consider different levels of budget, wearable precision, and patient treatment adherence(TA). We find that wearables can be valuable when patients react differently to treatments across the entire population. Furthermore, this value is the largest at low or moderate budgets for patients with low or moderate TA. Outside of these settings, the marginal benefit of wearables is negligible relative to their cost.
Book Review: The End of Sex and the Future of Human Reproduction by Henry T. Greely

In the End of Sex and the Future of Human Reproduction, Henry Greely predicts that in twenty to forty years many, if not most, children will be conceived in a laboratory and selected for gestation and birth based on their sex, health, and other traits. Greely identifies several technological innovations that will make preimplantation genetic diagnosis (“PGD”) less onerous and cheaper in coming years, paving the way for its widespread use. In this short, invited review, I argue that Greely deftly accomplishes his stated goal of raising provocative questions about this predicted future and providing readers information to draw their own conclusions about its desirability. I also raise three issues that received limited treatment in the book, warranting further exploration. First, how might the difficulty in choosing between incommensurable options affect the use rates of PGD? Second, what impact will PGD have on the social and legal construction of family relationships? Third, how will the use of PGD affect socioeconomic and racial inequality?
Teaching with Program2Play: Using Programming Instructions to Play Games

Program2Play is a web-based initiative that teaches learners to program through gameplay. Program2Play games generally have two versions for each game. One game can be played by using a mouse or arrow keys, depending on the type of user interaction required. This version demonstrates the desired functionality of the game. The second game is identical to the first game except there are programming instructions missing from the first which the user must supply for the game to function correctly. The user can then test the programming instructions by playing the second version of the game and observing the results of the inserted instructions. Because learners code a small portion of a game, they can see the result of their efforts quickly in an exciting context. Also, by coding a subset of the game the sources of error are greatly reduced, enhancing the likelihood of a successful learning experience. The initial games target relatively simple, yet powerful instructions. For example, learners are asked to code the instruction that moves a bee in the game so that it avoids a dragonfly and reaches the honeycomb. The simplicity and power of an instruction like, bee.x += value, can be experienced in the context of an animation loop. This pedagogical approach encourages experimentation with programming instructions. Program2Play is suited for beginning programmers and programmers who may need additional learning experiences or motivation. Program2Play can be used in high schools or to help remediate deficient programming skills for first-year students.
Eye Examination Recency among African American Older Adults with Chronic Medical Conditions.

Background: Pervasive racial and economic inequalities have a disproportionate impact on health care utilization among African Americans. One area where we see such disparities is in the recency of eye examinations among the economically disadvantaged. However, our current understanding of the barriers and facilitators of eye examinations in underserved African-American older adults is limited. Aims: Building on Andersen’s model of health service use and using an exploratory approach; we tested various demographic, social, and health factors that were associated with eye examination among underserved middle-aged and older adults in South Los Angeles. We examined predisposing characteristics, enabling factors, and need-for-care characteristics. Methods: With a cross-sectional design, we conducted this survey on a convenience sample of (n = 740) non-institutionalized African-American older adults who were 55+ years old and residing in South Los Angeles, CA, USA. Data were collected on demographic factors, continuity of care, access to care, self-rated health, chronic medical conditions, and depressive symptoms. The outcome was recency of eye examination. Multivariate regression was used for data analysis. Results: 59% of the participants had received at least one eye examination during the last 12 months. A total of 17% had an eye examination within the last two years. Notably, 26% of diabetic participants did not have an eye examination within the last two years. One out of four participants indicated that, within the last two years, no provider ever recommended that they receive an eye examination. Age, education, continuity of medical care, accessibility of medical care, satisfaction with medical care, providers’ recommendation for eye examination, self-rated health, and a diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were predictors of eye examination recency. Overall, our analysis indicates that these enabling factors accounted for most of the variance in the recency of eye examinations. Conclusion: A large proportion of underserved African-American middle-aged and older adults in South Los Angeles do not comply with the recommended annual eye examination. This is, in part, because about one-third of them have not received an eye exam recommendation from their health care providers. However, a wide range of factors such as age, education, continuity of care, satisfaction with access, self-rated health, and a diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, also influence whether or not African-American middle-aged and older adults receive an eye examination. Programs should address a wide range of multi-level factors to tackle this health inequality.
Conformational Tug of War: A Technique for Converting Bond-Line Structures into Fischer Projections

Undergraduate organic chemistry students, as they study conformational analysis and stereochemistry, frequently have trouble manipulating three-dimensional structures on a two-dimensional page or screen. The inability to accurately convert three-dimensional bond-line representations into Fischer projections is one example of this. While some students can utilize traditional approaches, other students require another way to visualize the molecule in order to perform the conversion. This text describes a method for converting bond-line structures of varying chain lengths and conformations into corresponding Fischer projections.
Synaptotagmin 7 is enriched at the plasma membrane through γ-secretase processing to promote vesicle docking and control synaptic plasticity in mouse hippocampal neurons

Abstract Synaptotagmin (SYT) 7 has emerged as key regulator of presynaptic function, but its localization and precise function in the synaptic vesicle cycle remain unclear. Here, we used iGluSnFR to optically and directly interrogate glutamate release, at the single bouton level, in SYT7 KO dissociated mouse hippocampal neurons. We analyzed asynchronous release, paired pulse facilitation, and synaptic vesicle replenishment, and found that SYT7 contributes to each of these processes to different degrees. ‘Zap-and-freeze’ electron microscopy revealed that loss of SYT7 impairs the docking of synaptic vesicles after a stimulus and the recovery of depleted synaptic vesicles after a stimulus train. To execute these functions, SYT7 must be targeted to the plasma membrane via γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of the amino terminus, followed by palmitoylation. The complex sorting itinerary of SYT7 endows this Ca2+-sensor with the ability to control crucial forms of synaptic function and plasticity. SYT7 mediated asynchronous release, paired pulse facilitation, and synaptic vesicle replenishment was observed optically at individual hippocampal synapses Localization, trafficking, and stability of SYT7 is dependent on processing by γ-secretase Short term plasticity defects arise in SYT7KOs due to decreased docking of synaptic vesicles after stimulation SYT7 promotes paired-pulse facilitation and asynchronous release via distinct mechanisms
A Biomechanical Study of Flanged Intrascleral Haptic Fixation of Three-Piece Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose Flanged intrascleral haptic fixation (FISHF) is a useful method for securing intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eyes without capsular support. Biomechanical studies were conducted to support the use of this technique. Design Laboratory investigation. Methods Haptics of 3-piece IOLs were passed through cadaveric human sclera using 30- and 27-gauge needles. Flanges were created by melting 1.0 mm from the haptic ends using cautery. The forces required to remove the flanged haptic from the sclera and disinsert the haptic from the optic were measured using a mechanical tester and a custom-fabricated mount. Results The mean FISHF dislocation force using 30-gauge needles was greatest with the CT Lucia 602 (2.04 ± 0.24 newtons [N]) compared to the LI61AO (0.93 ± 0.41 N; P = .001), ZA9003 (0.70 ± 0.34 N; P = Conclusions These data strongly support the biomechanical stability of FISHF with the polyvinylidene fluoride haptics of the CT Lucia using small diameter instruments for the creation of an intrascleral tunnel. 1.0 mm of haptic may be the optimal melt length.
Achieving Justice for Disabled Parents and Their Children: An Abolitionist Approach

The social uprisings following the police killings of Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and many other people of color, elevated the concept of abolition to the forefront of people’s consciousness. Concurrently, there has been a burgeoning body of legal scholarship calling for the abolition of the carceral regime. Emergent scholarship is also beginning to recognize that abolition efforts must include the child welfare system, noting the interdependent relationship between the child welfare system and other parts of the carceral regime. Yet, despite the nascent legal scholarship concerning child welfare system abolition, parents with disabilities and their children have been mostly disregarded. This Article responds to that scholarly void. In this Article, I theorize and reimagine the role of the child welfare system in the contemporary struggle for the abolition of punitive systems of legal control and exploitation. My overarching argument is that the child welfare system functions as an unjust social institution for disabled parents and their children, and as such, we must work toward abolishing it and reimagining non-punitive supports and resources for families. To do so, first, the Article describes the child welfare system and its legal obligations, including those related to parents with disabilities and their children. Drawing on legal scholarship and social science research, it then elucidates the scope of the problem. Next, it limns the tenets of both abolition and disability justice and the ways in which these interconnecting movements, theories, and praxes advance justice for parents with disabilities through the abolition of the child welfare system. Finally, it proposes a novel anti-ableist legal and policy agenda for achieving justice for parents with disabilities and their children.
AN UPDATED ANALYSIS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION: STEAM AND DIESEL

Each element of the total fuel consumption of typical steam plants is presented, starting with the turbine propulsion cycle performance, then building up to the standard all-purpose fuel consumption rate normally reported. The method of presentation illustrates the contribution of each element to the whole, including consideration of transmission loss, boiler efficiency, fluid pumping power, electrical load, etc. Similarly, diesel plant performance is represented in as duplicate format as possible, starting with the test bed performance of the engine and then considering in-service fuel, lube oil, electrical load, etc. By presenting both plants in the manner described, from approximately 40 to 100 percent power, the point is made that the disparity between steam and diesel plants' performance is less than normally assumed, and in certain applications, non-existent. As a corollary, the part load performance of the two plants is shown to be remarkably similar. The paper is divided into four parts for ease of reference: Part 1--Summary & Conclusions; Part 2--Steam Plant; Part 3--Diesel Plant; Part 4--Comparisons.
Hemorheologic alterations in hypertension: chicken or egg?

The serious pathophysiologic consequences of systemic hypertension have prompted numerous basic science and clinical studies related to cardiac or vascular abnormalities. More recently, hemorheologic alterations in hypertension have been explored in an attempt to determine the import of rheologic factors vis-a-vis the elevated total peripheral resistance observed in hypertensive patients. To date, various studies have documented several abnormalities (e.g., increased blood and plasma viscosity, elevated hematocrit), with some suggesting altered RBC or WBC rigidity. However, there is much less information relevant to the chicken or egg problems: (1) are reported hemorheological abnormalities the cause or the result of hypertension; (2) does normalization of blood pressure also normalize hemorheological parameters? In overview, the current literature indicates that hemorheology and hypertension may be linked, but that the details of this association and its cause-effect relations remain unclear.
Probes Tuned to Multiple Frequencies for In-Vivo NMR

The growing interest in the application of NMR spectroscopy to intact biological systems has placed unique demands on instrumentation. Perhaps the most critical piece of instrumentation for the in-vivo spectroscopist is the NMR probe. The need to perform quick and reliable experiments, particularly in the clinical setting, makes probe sensitivity critical. Many studies involve the use of more than one nucleus. Typically, proton NMR is used to shim, obtain localizing images and/or spectra. Additional spectra may be acquired from 31P, 23Na, 13C or other nuclei. This multinuclear approach to in-vivo NMR spectroscopy has placed a premium on multiple tuned NMR probes that perform with high sensitivity. There are many designs for double tuned probes in the NMR literature. Some designs for probes tuned to three and four nuclei have also been presented. All of these designs must sacrifice some sensitivity at one or more of the resonant frequencies at which they operate when compared to a similar single tuned coil. One common strategy of all of the multiple tuned probe designs is to minimize the loss in sensitivity. In most designs it is possible to arbitrarily distribute the loss in sensitivity between the different operating frequencies of the probe by proper choice of component values. Thus the evaluation of any multiple tuned probe can only be performed if the probe is optimized for a particular application. A second, less frequently discussed aspect of multiple tuned NMR probes is orthogonal tuning adjustment. In the in vivo setting it is very difficult to control loading of the probe. Therefore, the tuning must be adjusted with each application. Independent tuning of the individual resonances is important to ensure reliable performance by the probe. In this paper, I will discuss in detail many of the multiple tuned designs that have appeared in the NMR literature, paying particular attention to the advantages and disadvantages of each. I will focus on multiple tuned surface coils, but will also treat double tuned volume coils, which are of importance in the context of volume selective MRS techniques.
SU-E-T-702: SIR-Spheres Dose Vial Activity Assay Cross-Calibration with An Outside Radiopharmacy

Purpose: To perform a dose calibrator (DC) cross-calibration for assaying SIR-Spheres patient doses after out-sourcing dose dispensing to an outside radiopharmacy. Methods: The setting for our DC (CRC-15R, Capintec) required for our assay to match that of the outside radiopharmacy (accounting for decay) was determined independently for 20 dispensed doses (v-vial in acrylic shield). The mean of the twenty settings, plus and minus one and two standard deviations, as well as, minimum and maximum, were computed. For the next 20 doses, the activity was measured using the computed DC settings. From those measurements, a least squares fit of % error with respect to the outside radiopharmacy’s specified activity versus DC setting was generated to indicate an optimum single dose calibrator setting for measuring future doses. An ionization chamber survey meter (451B, Fluke Biomedical) was used in a fixed geometry to measure the exposure rate of each of the first 20 dispensed doses, and generate a linear correlation of meter reading versus radiopharmacy-specified activity, to provide an independent method of verifying that activity. Results: Survey meter measurements demonstrated reliability of the radiopharmacy’s specified activities, with R2 equal to 0.99 and a conversion factor (slope) of 0.0584 [mR/hr]/mCi. The range of DC settings yielded activity readout range of ±5.25%. The least squares fit of % error relative to the radiopharmacy’s specified activity versus computed DC setting had an R2 value of 0.999 and the fit passed through 0% error very near 63×10. Each data point in the fit was the mean of 20 measurements at each setting. Conclusion: An outside radiopharmacy’s assay of SIR-Spheres doses was validated, and our data suggest that a single DC setting may be used for an in-house activity assay within approximately 5% of that from the outside radiopharmacy.
Stalin's Last Generation: Soviet Post-War Youth and the Emergence of Mature Socialism, by Juliane Fürst

Juliane Furst wrote this book as an expansion of her doctoral dissertation. It is the product of a wealth of archival research in Russia and Ukraine, plus memoirs, period literature, and many secon...
Heat Capacity Measurement of Boron Nitride-filled Polybenzoxazine: The composite structure-insensitive property

Specific heat capacity of boron nitride-filled polybenzoxazine has been investigated by using temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, TMDSC, to study that it is a composite structure-insensitive property, i.e. independent of the degree of filler network formation. Many aspects of boron nitride filler such as particle size, particle surface area, particle shape, and filler loading are investigated. At the same filler loading, we observe insignificant change in composite specific heat capacity due to the effect of particle size, particle surface area, and particle shape. Filler loading is found to be the only aspect of filler that can change the specific heat capacity of this filled system. A linear relationship between the composite heat capacities and filler loading is observed and can be predicted by the rule of mixture with an error within ±1%. Within the temperature range betwen 0 and 80°C, the temperature dependent heat capacity of this composite can simply be expressed in the form of a linear equation: Cp=A+BT.
Catheter-induced acute aortic insufficiency with hemodynamic collapse during PTCA : An unreported complication

Primary PTCA as a means of reestablishing coronary blood flow in the infarct related artery is preferable in certain subgroups of patients with acute myocardial infarction. While the success rate of primary PTCA is very high, the procedure is not without risk. We report a case of hemodynamic collapse during PTCA due to an Amplatz guide catheter-induced, acute, and reversible aortic insufficiency. With the increasing use of the left Amplatz catheter for better guide support during PTCA, this unusual and previously unreported complication should be borne in mind. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:305–307, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Current treatment strategies for HIV infection.

H UMAN immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the newest member of a recently discovered family of retroviruses that demonstrate affinity for human T lymphocytes. Retroviruses carry their genetic code on RNA instead of DNA, using the enzyme reverse transcriptase to manufacture proteins and to replicate. Infection with HIV causes disease sequelae that result ultimately in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Development of vaccine against HIV has been difficult due to the biologic nature of this virus. Not only have different strains of the virus been described (HIV and HIV-2), but slight genetic changes in HIV isolates from the same individual have also been documented to occur over time. ’ Such genetic changes are a normal process of viral evolution; however, this phenomenon could mean that the use of a single vaccine would be insufficient to provide immunity against HIV. Multiple vaccines may have to be developed and perfected to prevent HIV proliferation in humans. The ideal HIV vaccine would stimulate production of antibodies that would be active against all strains of HIV despite slight genetic variations. Research will focus on developing vaccines based on those areas of the genetic structure that are highly conserved (or present in all strains of HIV) for the greatest degree of effectiveness.2 Because effective vaccine development may yet be years away and because those individuals who have already developed disease are still in need of treatment, research into anti-HIV drugs remains critical to retard or halt disease progression and therefore increase survival time.
Silyl substitution effects on metal-pentadienyl bonding: Synthesis, structure, photoelectron spectroscopy, and electronic structure of a high-valent half-open zirconocene

The molecule Cp(3-Me3Si-6,6-dmch)ZrI2 (Cp = η5-cyclopentadienyl; 3-Me3Si-6,6-dmch = η5-3-trimethylsilyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohexadienyl) has been synthesized, and the molecular and electronic structures have been investigated. Photoelectron spectroscopy shows that substitution of a trimethylsilyl group in place of a hydrogen atom on the 6,6-dmch ligand destabilizes all of the ionizations of Cp(3-Me3Si-6,6-dmch)ZrI2 by ca. 0.1−0.2 eV compared to those of Cp(6,6-dmch)ZrI2. Density functional calculations accurately reproduce the experimental structure of the molecule and agree with the observed shift of all ionizations to lower energies. Interestingly, the ionizations are calculated to shift to lower energies without the expected increase in electron density at the metal center. This apparent contradiction is understood from analysis of one-center and two-center charge effects in the molecule. As a consequence of these charge effects, the silyl substitution makes the 3-Me3Si-6,6-dmch ligand a slightly better do...
A Compactness Theorem for Approximating the Invariant Densities of Higher Dimensional Transformations

Let τ be a Jablonski transformation from the n-dimensional unit cube U into itself which has a unique absolutely continuous invariant measure with density function ƒ. Let T denote a family of transformations which approximate τ on finer and finer partitions. The main result of this paper is a compactness theorem on the densities associated with T which allows us to prove that the invariant densities associated with the transformations in T converge weakly to ƒ.
Viscosity and anisotropy estimates from measurements on chevron folds

Abstract Under slow deformation, rocks may behave approximately as materials of constant viscosity. If a layered sequence of rocks contains only two lithologies, one isotropic and one foliated, and is deformed in plane strain in a plane perpendicular to the layering, quantities of interest are: 1. (1) viscosity of the isotropic member; 2. (2) maximum viscosity of the anisotropic member; and 3. (3) minimum viscosity of the anisotropic member Even if absolute values cannot be assigned, the ratios of these quantities are of interest. Where chevron folds are present, limits can be placed on these ratios by measuring the amounts of thickening of the layers in the fold noses and the amounts of shortening on the fold limbs. Results for a phyllite that contains alternating mica-rich and mica-poor layers are: viscosity of isotropic member (mica-poor) maximum viscosity of anisotropic member (mica-rich) = 1–2 viscosity of isotropic member minimum viscosity of anisotropic member = over 25 maximum viscosity of isotropic member minimum viscosity of anissotropic member = over 12.5 An accumulation of such estimates will show, by its internal consistency or inconsistencies, to what extent rocks do behave under slow deformation as materials of constant viscosity.