cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Tracking of Peripheral Resistance by Ear Densitography

Owing to the interaction between the left ventricle and the arterial system, pulse contour during ejection is significantly affected by changes in peripheral resistance. Quantitative description of the pulse configuration as a function of peripheral resistance involves invasive investigation of complex frequency and impedance spectra. The ear densitogram noninvasively yields a pulse wave shown to closely track changes in the central arterial pulse; in this investigation, its decreasing systolic slope responded to changes in the peripheral resistance like those in the central pulse and in arterial models. The decreasing slope of the ear densitogram pulse (RNAD) can reliably track changes in peripheral resistance.
LIM domain only 2 protein expression, LMO2 germline genetic variation, and overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the pre-rituximab era

Both LMO2 (LIM domain only 2) mRNA and protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been associated with superior survival. However, a role for germline genetic variation in LMO2 has not been previously reported. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for LMO2 was conducted on tumor tissue from diagnostic biopsies, and 20 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from LMO2 were genotyped from germline DNA. LMO2 IHC positivity was associated with superior survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.97). Four LMO2 SNPs (rs10836127, rs941940, rs750781, rs1885524) were associated with survival after adjusting for LMO2 IHC and clinical factors (p < 0.05), and one of these SNPs (rs941940) was also associated with IHC positivity (p = 0.02). Compared to a model with clinical factors only (c-statistic = 0.676), adding the four SNPs (c-statistic = 0.751) or LMO2 IHC (c-statistic = 0.691) increased the predictive ability of the model, while inclusion of all three factors (c-statistic = 0.754) did not meaningfully add predictive ability above a model with clinical factors and the four SNPs. In conclusion, germline genetic variation in LMO2 was associated with DLBCL prognosis and provided slightly stronger predictive ability relative to LMO2 IHC status.
The ethics of research in developing countries: assessing voluntariness.

Over the past few years there has been significant discussion about the ethics of clinical trials in developing countries. Exploitation coercion undue inducement poor understanding and many other issues have been raised. One major question is the extent to which research participants in developing countries can volunteer their informed consent. To explore this problem researchers have interviewed research participants in both developed and developing countries about their decision to join clinical trials. Nicola Barsdorf and Douglas Wassenaar recently assessed the perceptions of 111 black white and Indian South African citizens about the voluntariness of research participants. Ordinarily to interpret data on the public’s perceptions of a particular issue or process researchers must compare perceptions with reality. However previous studies do not provide a clear portrait of whether most research participants (in either developed or developing countries) give voluntary informed consent. Part of the difficulty is the lack of comparability in the survey instruments used in different studies and the small size of most studies. However the most serious challenge is confusion about what constitutes voluntary consent to research and what types of ethical transgressions undermine voluntariness. (excerpt)
Patient survival after renal transplantation III: The effects of statins

Abstract Background: Kidney transplant recipients have high cardiovascular risk and an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile, which frequently includes hyperlipidemia. Although the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) is associated with improved survival in the general population, the effects of these drugs on the survival of kidney transplant recipients have not been established. Methods: In this study, we determined which factors were associated with the use of statins in a population of 1,574 adult, kidney allograft recipients, transplanted in one institution. A risk factor analysis of patient survival was done with a primary focus on the possible relationship between statin use and survival. Results: The percent of patients treated with statins increased progressively from 1982 to 1996. Statins were used significantly more often in whites (30%) than in blacks (20%, P = 0.001) and in older individuals. These differences in statin use were not due to differences in lipid levels among the patient groups. As expected, the group of patients treated with statins had significantly higher serum lipid levels than untreated patients. Patient survival was significantly better in patients treated with statins than in untreated patients. That relationship became apparent, however, only after controlling for three additional factors: recipient age, transplant year, and serum cholesterol levels. In a multivariable Cox survival model, patient survival was associated significantly with statin use (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.76; confidence interval [CI], 0.6 to 0.96; P = 0.02), recipient age (HR = 1.05; CI, 1.04 to 1.06; P
Multiple, diverse senile plaque–associated proteins are ligands of an apolipoprotein e receptor, the α2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor—related protein

Both apolipoprotein E and its receptor, the low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), are associated with senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. We examined the relationship of other LRP-related molecules to senile plaques. LRP is a multifunctional receptor that blinds and rapidly internalizes at least seven ligands: apolipoprotein E, activated α2-macroglobulin, tissue and urokinase-type plasminogen activators, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, lipoprotein lipase, and lactoferrin. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that all of these ligands, representing a diverse group of otherwise apparently unrelated proteins, accumulate on senile plaques. We also studied expression of the receptor-associated protein, a physiological inhibitor of LRP, in the hippocampal formation from normal subjects and Alzheimer's disease patients. Receptor-associated protein colocalizes with LRP on neuronal soma, but not on neuronal processes or reactive astrocytes. It is not present on senile plaques. These results suggest that senile plaque-associated LRP can bind its ligands, but clearance of these compounds may be impaired in the vicinity of senile plaques.
Baseball arithmetic and the laws of pseudoperspective

The paper considers how the derivation and analysis of two of the fundamental transformations in the graphics pipeline-perspective and pseudoperspective-can be simplified by applying the same elementary rules of arithmetic that govern the numerical properties of batting averages in baseball.
Software traceability with topic modeling

Software traceability is a fundamentally important task in software engineering. The need for automated traceability increases as projects become more complex and as the number of artifacts increases. We propose an automated technique that combines traceability with a machine learning technique known as topic modeling. Our approach automatically records traceability links during the software development process and learns a probabilistic topic model over artifacts. The learned model allows for the semantic categorization of artifacts and the topical visualization of the software system. To test our approach, we have implemented several tools: an artifact search tool combining keyword-based search and topic modeling, a recording tool that performs prospective traceability, and a visualization tool that allows one to navigate the software architecture and view semantic topics associated with relevant artifacts and architectural components. We apply our approach to several data sets and discuss how topic modeling enhances software traceability, and vice versa.
Mutants Affecting Thymidine Metabolism in Neurospora crassa

When 14C-thymidine labeled only in the ring is administered to Neurospora crassa, the majority of the recovered label is found in the ribonucleic acid (RNA). Three mutants were isolated in which different steps are blocked in the pathway that converts the pyrimidine ring of thymidine to an RNA precursor. Evidence from genetic, nutritional, and accumulation studies with the three mutants shows the pathway to proceed as follows: thymidine -> thymine -> 5-hydroxymethyluracil -> 5-formyluracil -> uracil -> uridylic acid. A mutant strain in which the thymidine to thymine conversion is blocked is unable to metabolize thymidine appreciably by any route, including entry into nucleic acids. This suggests that Neurospora lacks a thymidine phosphorylating enzyme. A second mutation blocks the pathway at the 5-hydroxymethyluracil to 5-formyluracil step, whereas a third prevents utilization of uracil and all compounds preceding it in the pathway. The mutant isolation procedures yielded three other classes of mutations which are proposed to be affecting, respectively, regulation of the thymidine degradative pathway, transport of pyrimidine free bases, and transport of pyrimidine nucleosides.
Reduced Kalman filters for clock ensembles

This paper summarizes the author's work on timescales based on Kalman filters that act upon the clock comparisons. The natural Kalman timescale algorithm tends to optimize long-term timescale stability at the expense of short-term stability. By subjecting each post-measurement error covariance matrix to a non-transparent reduction operation, one obtains corrected clocks with improved short-term stability and little sacrifice of long-term stability.
Chapter 36 Antitrust Policy toward Horizontal Mergers

Recently there has been a notable increase in interest in antitrust law in much of the world. This chapter discusses antitrust policy toward horizontal mergers, the area of antitrust that has seen some of the most dramatic improvements in both economic tools and the application of economics in enforcement practice. The chapter discusses theoretical considerations, merger laws and enforcement practices, econometric methods for analyzing prospective horizontal mergers, and evidence concerning the ex post effects of actual horizontal mergers.
Obtaining Fast Service in a Queueing System via Performance-Based Allocation of Demand

Any buyer that depends on suppliers for the delivery of a service or the production of a make-to-order component should pay close attention to the suppliers' service or delivery lead times. This paper studies a queueing model in which two strategic servers choose their capacities/processing rates and faster service is costly. The buyer allocates demand to the servers based on their performance; the faster a server works, the more demand the server is allocated. The buyer's objective is to minimize the average lead time received from the servers. There are two important attributes to consider in the design of an allocation policy: the degree to which the allocation policy effectively utilizes the servers' capacities and the strength of the incentives the allocation policy provides for the servers to work quickly. Previous research suggests that there exists a trade-off between efficiency and incentives, i.e., in the choice between two allocation policies a buyer may prefer the less efficient one because it provides stronger incentives. We find considerable variation in the performance of allocation policies: Some intuitively reasonable policies generate essentially no competition among servers to work quickly, whereas others generate too much competition, thereby causing some servers to refuse to work with the buyer. Nevertheless, the trade-off between efficiency and incentives need not exist: It is possible to design an allocation policy that is efficient and also induces the servers to work quickly. We conclude that performance-based allocation can be an effective procurement strategy for a buyer as long as the buyer explicitly accounts for the servers' strategic behavior.
Gene targeting in physiological investigations: studies of the renin-angiotensin system

Gene targeting using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells provides an avenue for the direct application of precise molecular genetic interventions to the study of complex systems in who...
Voltammetric Membrane Chlorine Dioxide Electrode

Abstract A voltammetric membrane electrode system has been modified and applied to the in situ measurement of chlorine dioxide. The electrode system consisted of a gold cathode, a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, and a gold counter electrode. Different membrane materials were tested; silicone rubber polymeric membranes were found to be most suitable. Electrode applications involved the use of both steady state and pulse voltammetric techniques. Pulse voltammetry was primarily used for trace analysis since the sensitivity observed was about 4200 times greater than under steady state conditions. This electrode system will find its widest application in water supply disinfection processes using chlorine dioxide. It offers the unique advantage of being sensitive to gaseous chlorine dioxide and not to oxychlorineions. Chlorine dioxide is a much more powerful disinfectant than oxychlorineions. Furthermore, the electrode system can be used forinsitumon it oring of C102 levels and the automatic control...
The associations between mineral crystallinity and the mechanical properties of human cortical bone

It is well known that the amount of mineralization renders bone its stiffness. However, besides the mere amount of the mineral phase, size and shape of carbonated apatite crystals are postulated to affect the mechanical properties of bone tissue as predicted by composite mechanics models. Despite this predictive evidence, there is little experimental insight on the relation between the characteristics of mineral crystals and hard tissue mechanics. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to provide information on the crystallinity of bone's mineral phase, a parameter which is an overall indicator of mineral crystal size and stoichiometric perfection. Raman scans and mechanical tests (monotonic and fatigue; n=64 each) were performed on the anterior, medial, lateral and posterior quadrant sections of 16 human cadaveric femurs (52 y.o.-85 y.o.). The reported coefficient of determination values (R(2)) were adjusted for the effects of age to bring out the unbiased contribution of crystallinity. Crystallinity was able to explain 6.7% to 48.3% of the variation in monotonic mechanical properties. Results indicated that the tissue-level strength and stiffness increased with increasing crystallinity while the ductility reduced. Crystallinity explained 11.3% to 63.5% of the variation in fatigue properties. Moduli of specimens with greater crystallinity degraded at a slower rate and, also, they had longer fatigue lives. However, not every anatomical quadrant displayed these relationships. In conclusion, these results acknowledge crystal properties as an important bone quality factor and raise the possibility that aberrations in these properties may contribute to senile osteoporotic fractures.
Work In Progress - A Remote e-Laboratory for Student Investigation, Manipulation and Learning

The development and evaluation of a remote laboratory for student manipulation and learning is reported in this work in progress paper. The laboratory allows students to observe and control a physical setup of a multi-pipe fluid flow experiment through the Internet and to predict and analyze the results. The laboratory learning environment interface was developed using Lab VIEWtrade and structured to enhance students understanding of basic engineering concepts, problem solving, experimental error, data analysis and curve fitting. It further provides students with the opportunity to use engineering software to develop their own algorithm to predict the results. A key aspect of the remote experimentation design is that it allows students to manipulate flow paths on a test bed section of the pipe flow network to obtain parameters they require for the prediction of the results. This allows the use of creativity in experimentation, a feature available in physical experimentation but often restricted in Web-based remote laboratories. The remote environment provides increased individual access to equipment during and outside of regular hours from any Web-enabled location. The overall architecture of the remote laboratory presented here can be easily applied to other technical fields
Evolutionary Design and Assembly Planning for Stochastic Modular Robots

A persistent challenge in evolutionary robotics is the transfer of evolved morphologies from simulation to reality, especially when these morphologies comprise complex geometry with embedded active elements. In this chapter we describe an approach that automatically evolves target structures based on functional requirements and plans the error-free assembly of these structures from a large number of active components. Evolution is conducted by minimizing the strain energy in a structure due to prescribed loading conditions. Thereafter, assembly is planned by sampling the space of all possible paths to the target structure and following those that leave the most options open. Each sample begins with the final completed structure and removes one accessible component at a time until the existing substructure is recovered. Thus, at least one path to a complete target structure is guaranteed at every stage of assembly. Automating the entire process represents a step towards an interactive evolutionary design and fabrication paradigm, similar to that seen in nature.
Strengthening the core, improving access: Bringing healthy food downtown via a farmers' market move

Diet-related diseases are a major public health concern, and food environment research explores how built environmental interventions can address nutritional inequalities. Yet other, more direct intervention approaches may also yield positive benefits for residents living in food deserts. This paper presents a case study of a farmers' market move and its effects on healthy food accessibility and customer characteristics in a community with many food deserts. 844 surveys collected in 2011 and 2015 determine customer purchasing patterns and demographics at the Flint (Michigan) Farmers' Market. The market move has meant improved healthy food accessibility for mobility-constrained and low-income residents throughout the region. Counter to past research suggesting that farmers' markets tend to serve higher income groups, socioeconomically disadvantaged people constitute a major consumer demographic at Flint's market. The results of this research have broad utility for communities seeking to ameliorate the challenges of bringing healthy food to isolated food deserts by demonstrating that positioning healthy food in a prominent, central location will attract residents from such neighborhoods while engaging a broad clientele.
Religious Minorities in Iran: Distinctions and designations as policy output

General policy in regard to recognized religious minorities (RRMs) can tell us only so much about the dynamics behind thought and action in a revolutionary regime. The behavior of state actors vis-a-vis the RRMs was characterized by factors that are relevant to other questions and issues. These can be answered only by delving into the larger picture of the meaning of the role of non-Muslim minorities. The widening of the analytical realm allows us to focus on the uniqueness of each group. As a result, it becomes possible to see why the Jews were treated more harshly than were other recognized religious minorities, and why the Bahais and Iranian Christian converts (especially the Protestants) were persecuted. What did each of the these three minorities mean to the revolutionaries and religious extremists (be they clerical or not), and what can such meaning tell us about the underlying components of the policy sphere? The purpose is not to blame, condemn, or sit in judgment but simply to understand the movement of one set of negatives (e.g., stereotyping) into the arena of policy or action. From a psychological point of view, ethnic conflict has three major components: perception, motivation, and action. The three combine to lead ultimately to full-blown conflict by the final breakdown of relations. Perception of the other is the first stage, involving stereotyping and prejudice that tend to cultivate group hostility.
Afterword: Globalization, Rights, and Work in the Chinese Transformation

This is an afterword to an edited volume considering ILO (International Labor Organization) core labour standards and their implementation in China from a wide range of institutional, geographic, and political viewpoints, as expressed by an array of scholars and policy-makers. This afterword draws on those insights, without attempting to summarize them or provide a synthetic conclusion. Instead, it first considers the larger significance of Chinese labour reforms in relation to other economic reforms and indeed in the context of China’s changing political economy as a whole, and then makes some observations about them from both international and comparative perspectives. In the end, the afterword suggests that analysing the status and implementation of the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work China provides an occasion for us to re-think the organization of workplace authority not only in China but globally.
Metformin and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose of review The aim of this article is to describe the role of insulin resistance in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome and to review the results of treatment with the insulin sensitizing drug metformin. Recent findings Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous combination of clinical, hormonal, and reproductive abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk factors. Reduction of hyperinsulinism and improvement of insulin sensitivity with metformin has been reported to ameliorate these abnormalities in many, but not all studies, with few adverse effects. Summary Metformin may be the drug of first choice for most, if not all women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, either alone or in combination with other treatments. Further investigation is necessary to determine the optimal dose and duration of treatment necessary to maximize response.
A Closed-Form Solution to Multi-Point Scheduling Problems

A closed-form algorithm is proposed as a tool by which aircraft can be scheduled through an arbitrary number of scheduling points within allowable time constraints. The algorithm supports the specification of one or more time constraints at each point, along with minimum and maximum allowable travel-time constraints between points. A constraint algebra that simplifies the expression of time constraint calculations is used to formulate the algorithm. An example is then presented of an automated scheduler that uses constraint algebra and the new algorithm. The scheduler implements prospective operations for San Francisco International airport that is able to accommodate formation landings of aircraft pairs on closely spaced parallel runways for specified speed and timing constraints. A simulation of the scheduler shows that allowing flights to land in formation on two closely spaced parallel runways can reduce flight delays by 72% to 98% by enabling use of a second runway under adverse weather conditions when compared with the current single runway operation.
Diversity in the Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector

In this introductory essay to the special issue of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly on diversity, we begin by reviewing management research on diversity in nonprofits. The preponderance of ...
The molecular neurobiology of the sleep-deprived, fuzzy brain

Sleep deprivation is well established to cause diminution of cognitive function, including disruption of both minute-to-minute working memory and decrements in the stabilization of long-term memories. Moreover, "replay" during sleep of episodes and sequences of events that were experienced during wakefulness has been implicated in consolidation of long-term memories. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of sleep in memory function are just starting to be defined. In this issue of Science Signaling, Tudor et al identify one molecular component underlying the effects of sleep on memory function: dynamic experience-dependent regulation of protein synthesis in the hippocampus.
Robert Buckhout (1935-1990)

The psychology and law community lost one of its pioneers, Bob Buckhout, on December 10, 1990. Bob died at the Hackensack Medical Center in New Jersey of complications after pneumonia. Bob was an accomplished Dixieland jazz piano player and played on a weekly basis with the Canal Street Band at restaurants in New York City. He liked to tell of having once sat in with Woody Allen. Professionally, Bob was a Fellow in the American Psychological Association and a member of the Eastern Psychological Association and the New York Academy of Sciences. He received his Bachelor's degree from Queens College, his Master's from North Carolina State, and his Ph.D. in Psychology from Ohio State University, where he was a student of Delos Wickens. He taught at Washington University in St. Louis, the University of California at Santa Cruz and Berkeley, and at California State University at Hayward. At the time of his death, Bob was professor of psychology at Brooklyn College, and was the founder and director of the college's Center for Responsive Psychology. He was also the editor and publisher of Social Action and the Law, the Center's journal. At the time of its inception in 1974, Social Action and the Law was the first publication devoted exclusively to psychology and law issues (Law and Human Behavior began publication in 1977). For many years, free subscriptions to the journal were provided to anyone in jail.
Effect of metoprolol combined trimetazidine therapy in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure

Objective:To observe therapeutic effects of metoprolol combined trimetazidine in children with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and heart failure.Methods:A total of 86 child patients with DCM and heart failure(NYHA class Ⅱ~Ⅲ)of our hospital were enrolled.They were randomly divided into routine treatment group(n=43,received routine drug therapy) and combined treatment group(n=43,received metoprolol and trimetazidine based on routine drug treatment).Clinical therapeutic effects after one month were observed and compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group(93.02% vs.76.75%);Compared with routine treatment group,there were significant decrease in heart rate [(91.2±2.6) times/min vs.(87.4±3.1) times/min],blood pressure [(100.6±2.7/70.1±3.8) mmHg vs.(92.6±1.9/60.9±4.6) mmHg],left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [(49.5±5.3) mm vs.(41.2±4.9) mm] and end-systolic dimension [(45.7±4.9) mm vs.(40.3±5.5) mm],and significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction [(37.6±5.7)% vs.(45.9±2.6)%] in combined treatment group,P0.05 all.Conclusion:Additional use of metoprolol and trimetazidine based on routine drug therapy can further increase therapeutic effects in child patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Establishment of authority issue about food security information

The characteristic of overseas food security information and our current promulgation of food security information is summarized in this article, and the proposal of how to establishes authority's promulgation of food security information also has been tabled.
Growth Curves in Pig Kidney Cells of Three Porcine Adenoviruses

SUMMARY Prototype strains of porcine adenoviruses Types 1, 2 and 3 in growth curve experiments using secondary pig kidney cells were found to have an eclipse phase of 24, 20 and 20 hours respectively. Release of virus from the cells to the medium followed some 8 to 10 hours later. Complement-fixing activity was detected about 4 hours before the end of the eclipse phase.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Dermatomyositis

The impact of duration of untreated symptoms in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) on clinical and laboratory findings at diagnosis was studied in 166 patients enrolled in the National JDM Research Registry and examined at Children’s Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University; Loyola University; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; and other centers in the US.
Do the Laws of Physics State the facts

Les lois expliquent comment les phenomenes sont nes, par une composition de causes, mais ils ne peuvent pas rendre compte de faits. L'explication doit s'appuyer sur quelque chose d'autre que les lois.
Motives and Life Goals

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the motivation in personality psychology. The concept of motivation has been traditionally handled within personality psychology. Motivation in personality psychology has been traditionally conceived of in terms of stable individual differences in the strength of motive dispositions. A motive disposition refers to a class or cluster of affectively tinged goals. There are three kinds of motivations— (1) achievement, (2) affiliation/intimacy, and (3) power. Achievement motivation can be defined as a recurrent preference or readiness in thought and behavior for experiences of attaining excellence. Affiliation motivation can be defined as a recurrent preference in thought and behavior for experiences of establishing, maintaining, and restoring a positive affective relationship. Intimacy motivation can be defined as a recurrent preference in thought and behavior for experiences of warm, close, and communicative interactions with others. Power motivation can be defined as a recurrent preference in thought and behavior for experiences of feeling strong and having impact on others. A decomposition of the motives into their constituent goals may be a necessary task for settling persistent controversies in the motive literature, such as sex differences and the difference between affiliation and intimacy motivation.
Fatigue in patients with erythema migrans

Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with Lyme disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize fatigue in untreated adult patients presenting with erythema migrans. Selected variables were assessed to determine if any correlated with the presence or severity of fatigue. Fatigue was assessed on the day of the evaluation by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), over the past 14days by the 11-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-11) and over the past 28days based on a question from the 36-item Short Form General Health Survey version 2. Fifty-one patients with erythema migrans whose mean age was 49.8years, and 33 (64.7%) of whom were male, were evaluated in this study. The 3 measures of fatigue were positively correlated with one another (P≤0.01). Twenty-six (51%) had fatigue based on a VAS score above 0. Ten (19.6%) had severe fatigue based on an FSS-11 score of ≥4. The strongest correlate for higher fatigue scores was having a greater total number of symptoms. Based on the FSS-11 assessment tool, approximately 20% of early Lyme patients have severe fatigue. Having a high total number of symptoms was associated with both the presence and severity of fatigue. Because prior studies have demonstrated the presence of elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other molecules in the serum of highly symptomatic patients with erythema migrans, the symptom of fatigue in early Lyme disease may be a component of what has been referred to as the acute sickness response.
Biomarker changes in early Alzheimer’s disease

A key first step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) insoluble plaques in the brain. Amyloid deposition begins 10 to 20 years before the development of neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits. Amyloid deposition in humans has
Geological significance of 40Ar/39Ar mica dates across a mid-crustal continental plate margin, Connemara (Grampian orogeny, Irish Caledonides), and implications for the evolution of lithospheric collisions1

The Connemara region is a world-class example of a regional-scale, high-temperature metamorphic terrain. Its rock record documents formation of a bi-vergent orogenic wedge and associated calkalkali...
Strain powered magnetic antennas (Conference Presentation)

Electric antennas are still large structures (approximately 1m for 300 MHz operation), and have so far eluded the miniaturization trend common in the electronics industry. This is due in large part to an impedance mismatch with free space, and an increase in system losses from ohmic heating as antenna dimensions shrink. Recent work has proposed using multiferroic heterostructures to create small energy efficient antennas. This idea was first explored by Rowen’s 1961 paper on electromagnetic (EM) radiation from YIG, and Mindlin’s 1973 paper on radiation from quartz. Since then limited work has looked at EM radiation from adaptive materials, and there are currently no analytical models describing such a device. This presentation provides an analytical model to examine small mechanically powered energy efficient antennas. An analytical framework is provided that couples elastodynamics and electrodynamics using piezoelectric and piezomagnetic constitutive behavior. This approach uses an eigenmode expansion of the undamped longitudinal vibrations in a prismatic rod to describe EM radiation from each harmonic mode. The problem is reduced to examination of damped harmonic oscillators, and EM radiation is shown equivalent to an effective volumetric strain-rate dependent damping. This approach provides the frequency response of a mechanical antenna, and demonstrates important scaling behavior relative to conventional antennas. Resonant analysis leads to simple closed form expressions for antenna efficiency, and leads to a metric directly comparing mechanical and conventional antennas, facilitating both material selection and device design. To summarize, this presentation provides a first look at the strain-mediated control of wireless communications.
Modeling of Political Discourse Framing on Twitter

Framing is a political strategy in which politicians carefully word their statements in order to control public perception and discussion of current issues. Previous works exploring political framing have focused on analysis of frames in longer texts, such as newspaper articles, or tweets relevant to specific events. We present the first in-depth analysis of issue-independent framing for political discourse in social media, specifically the microblogging platform Twitter. Building upon the fifteen frames designed by Boydstun, we propose three additional frames relevant to Twitter and provide insights into the dynamic usage of frames by party and over time. Finally we present a global probabilistic model for combining linguistic, issue, and party bias features of the tweets of politicians for the task of tweet frame prediction.
Communication, Vision, and Mission

The proper strategic vision, given the context at any point in time, is the first step to organizational success, which is the overarching goal of leadership. From the vision flows the mission, or purpose. This chapter discusses the leader’s role in this critical aspect to organizational success and how the role can further enhance trust. However, an appropriate vision without the ability to communicate in a sense-making way to employees may render the vision useless. Ideas on how to make the connection of vision and purpose are provided.
Association Between Contemporary Trends in Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement and the 2010 US Food and Drug Administration Advisory.

This study uses the National Inpatient Sample database to assess the association between rates of inferior vena cava filter placement in the United States and the 2010 US FDA device safety warning.
Self-Forgiveness and Pursuit of the Sacred: The Role of Pastoral-Related Care

When pursuing the sacred, it is likely that an individual will engage in self-evaluative reflection. Given the common struggles of life and the associated inherent imperfection of the human condition, said personal reflection may lead individuals to perceive a need for self-forgiveness due to experiencing self-condemnation related to having offended the sacred. Self-forgiveness may play a critical role in spiritual health and well-being; yet, pursuit of the sacred including seeking forgiveness from the sacred and feeling forgiveness from the sacred may be associated with one’s ability to self-forgive. Moreover, such associations may be facilitated through pastoral-related care, or spiritual assistance. Little work has empirically examined the associations among self-forgiveness and pursuit of the sacred, whether as facilitated by pastoral-related care or in the larger context of the forgiveness–health association. In this chapter we will elaborate on our theoretical model, present data from an initial study designed to test our hypotheses, and discuss implications of and future directions for this program of study.
J. Charles Schencking, Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, and the Emergence of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868–1922

This well-researched, very readable book makes a significant contribution to our understanding about the rise of the Imperial Japanese Navy (hereafter referred to as IJN) from 1868 to 1922. Through...
A matter of priorities: High working memory enables (slightly) superior value-directed remembering

Abstract People with larger working memory capacity exhibit enhanced free recall. One explanation for this relationship is that the strategies that people bring to the task of learning and retrieving are superior in learners with high working memory. There is ample evidence that learners with high working memory do indeed bring better strategies to both encoding and retrieval, but as yet little evidence of whether higher working memory is related to greater effectiveness in prioritizing information across materials that differ in value. Using the value-directed remembering paradigm of Castel, Benjamin, Watkins, and Craik (2002), we examined whether learners with high working memory capacity show a particular advantage in remembering materials that are of high value. Across four experiments, we found that high working memory capacity led to a selective preference for remembering high-valued word pairs, but the effect was very modest and does not provide a complete picture of the relationship between working memory and recall.
Diets and Food Lists

Diet manuals are available at all hospitals. Common references employed to create these manuals are listed.1–4 The purpose of this chapter is not to create but to correlate new diet information and to recommend and reproduce diets and food lists reported to be successful and those found useful by the author at Norwalk Hospital and the Yale University School of Medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Local groups should create their own diet manuals from this information.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Mouse

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the mouse. EAE in the mouse is characterized by perivascular inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and an immunogenetically determined susceptibility. Clinical expression of the disease is obvious from neurological signs and can be easily quantified. Actively induced or adoptively transferred EAE allows for the separate study of immunization and effector events in the pathogenesis of the disease. The immune system of the mouse has been extensively studied and immune reagents are readily available, making mouse EAE an ideal animal model for the study of human inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS. The clinical manifestations of EAE, such as loss of tail tonus and limb paralysis, are readily apparent to most observers and can be quantified according to various schemes. EAE in the mouse shares many features with the human disease multiple sclerosis, such as acute, chronic, and relapsing neurological dysfunctions, including paralysis and ataxia; a histopathology characterized by perivascular inflammatory infiltrates and demyelination in the CNS; and a link to major histocompatibility complex class II determinants.
GABA Neurons and Their Cotransmitters in the Primate Cerebral Cortex

The classical neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and its synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), have been known to be present in the mammalian cerebral cortex for a relatively long time (Awapara et al., 1950; Roberts and Fenkel, 1950; Albers and Brady, 1959). Along with glutamate, GABA is the compound released in largest amounts when the cortex is subjected to depolarizing stimuli (Jasper and Koyama, 1969; Baughman and Gilbert, 1981). Immunocytochemistry has revealed the existence of a large population of neurons immu- noreactive for both GAD and GABA in the cortex of many species of mammal (Ribak, 1978; Emson and Hunt, 1981; Hendrickson et al., 1981; Peters et al., 1982; Hendry et al., 1983a; Houser et al., 1983b, 1985; Bear et al., 1985; Lin et al., 1985). Our quantitative assessments indicate that approximately 25% of the neuronal population in any area of the monkey cortex is GABA- or GAD-immunoreactive (Hendry et al., 1986c). We have also concluded (Jones and Hendry, 1986; Fig. 1) that possibly all the morphological varieties of intrinsic cortical neurons, except the population of small, presumed excitatory, dendritic-spine-bearing neurons of layer IV, are GABA-immunoreactive. Of the several varieties of pyramidal neurons in the cortex, all, from electrophysiological considerations, are undoubtedly also excitatory and it is extremely likely that they use glutamate as a transmitter (Cotman et al., 1981; Streit, 1984; Donoghue et al., 1985).
Acylsugar amount and fatty acid profile differentially suppress oviposition by western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, on tomato and interspecific hybrid flowers

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have been bred to exude higher amounts or different types of the specialized plant metabolites, acylsugars, from type IV trichomes. Acylsugars are known to deter several herbivorous insect pests, including the western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); however, all previous studies investigated the effect of acylsugars on leaves, or acylsugar extracts obtained from leaves. In spite of the WFT predilection for flowers, there is a gap in knowledge about flower defenses against thrips damage. This is especially important in light of their capacity to acquire and inoculate viruses in the genus Orthotospovirus, such as Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), in flowers. Therefore, we turned our attention to assessing thrips oviposition differences on flowers of 14 entries, including 8 interspecific hybrids, 5 tomato lines bred for specific acylsugar-related characteristics (type IV trichome densities, acylsugar amount, sugar moiety and fatty acid profile), and a fresh market tomato hybrid, Mt. Spring, which only produces trace amounts of acylsugars. Our results show that the density of the acylsugar droplet bearing type IV trichomes is greatest on sepals, relative to other flower structures, and accordingly, WFT avoids oviposition on sepals in favor of trichome-sparse petals. In concordance with past studies, acylsugar amount was the most important acylsugar-related characteristic suppressing WFT oviposition. Certain acylsugar fatty acids, specifically i-C5, i-C9 and i-C11, were also significantly associated with changes in WFT oviposition. These results support continued breeding efforts to increase acylsugar amounts and explore modifications of fatty acid profile and their roles in deterring thrips oviposition. The finding that acylsugar production occurs and reduces thrips oviposition in tomato flowers will be important in efforts to use acylsugar-mediated resistance to reduce incidence of orthotospoviruses such as TSWV in tomato by deterring virus transmission and development of thrips vector populations in the crop.
INVITED: Bandwidth-Efficient Deep Learning

Deep learning algorithms are achieving increasingly higher prediction accuracy on many machine learning tasks. However, applying brute-force programming to data demands a huge amount of machine power to perform training and inference, and a huge amount of manpower to design the neural network models, which is inefficient. In this paper, we provide techniques to solve these bottlenecks: saving memory bandwidth for inference by model compression, saving networking bandwidth for training by gradient compression, and saving engineer bandwidth for model design by using AI to automate the design of models.
Validation of the Attention, Memory, and Frontal Abilities Screening Test (AMFAST)

The aim of this study is to validate the Attention, Memory, and Frontal Abilities Screening Test (AMFAST), a novel, 10-minute, paper-and-pencil measure developed to identify attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning deficits in children and adults with various conditions characterized by frontal-subcortical dysfunction. We administered the AMFAST to 186 English-speaking healthy control participants (aged 8-88 years) without reported cognitive impairment. The AMFAST was also administered to a mixed clinical sample that included 114 English-speaking individuals (aged 8-84 years) who also received comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Results indicated that total AMFAST scores in the healthy control sample were not significantly affected by education or gender. There was, however, a significant effect of age, as the 8- to 10-year-old group scored significantly lower than other age groups. Thus, only participants 11+ years were included in further analyses. The AMFAST demonstrated high test-retest and interrater reliabilities, good construct validity, and the identified optimal cutoff score of 70 had excellent sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between cognitively intact and cognitively impaired individuals. These findings demonstrate that the AMFAST is a highly effective screening test that can be used to identify attention, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning deficits in individuals from middle childhood through older adulthood.
The hunt for nonflammable refrigerant blends to replace R-134a

Abstract We investigated refrigerant blends as possible low GWP (global warming potential) alternatives for R-134a in an air-conditioning application. We carried out an extensive screening of the binary, ternary, and four-component blends possible among a list of 13 pure refrigerants comprising four hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), eight hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and carbon dioxide. The screening was based on a simplified cycle model, but with the inclusion of pressure drops in the evaporator and condenser. The metrics for the evaluation were nonflammability, low GWP, high COP (coefficient of performance), and a volumetric capacity similar to the R-134a baseline system. While no mixture was ideal in all regards, we identified 16 binary and ternary blends that were nonflammable (based on a new estimation method) and with COP and capacity similar to the R-134a baseline; the tradeoff, however, was a reduction in GWP of, at most, 54% compared to R-134a. An additional seven blends that were estimated to be “marginally flammable” (ASHRAE Standard 34 classification of A2L) were identified with GWP reductions of as much as 99%. These 23 “best” blends were then simulated in a more detailed cycle model.