cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevention of spinal bone loss by potassium citrate in cases of calcium urolithiasis.

Purpose: We determine if potassium citrate treatment stabilizes spinal bone density among patients with recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.Materials and Methods: We studied a group of 16 men and 5 women with stones taking potassium citrate from 11 to 120 months. They represented all patients from the Stone Clinic who took potassium citrate alone for at least 11 months. L2–L4 bone mineral density data before and after potassium citrate treatment were retrieved retrospectively and analyzed.Results: In the combined group L2–L4 bone mineral density increased significantly by 3.1% over mean duration of 44 months. Z score, corrected for age matched normal values, increased significantly by 3.8%. Urinary pH, citrate and potassium increased significantly during treatment but urinary calcium did not change.Conclusions: Potassium citrate, a commonly used drug for the prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis, may avert age dependent bone loss. Spinal bone density increased in most patients when it normally dec...
Antisporozoite Vaccine for Malaria: Experimental Basis and Current Status

A major sporozoite surface antigen, the circumsporozoite protein, has been identified in all four malaria parasites affecting humans and in numerous species causing malaria in rodents and simians. The corresponding genes have been cloned and sequenced, and considerable similarities are apparent. An extensive central region of these proteins consists of tandemly repeated sequences of four to 16 amino acids. The sporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum has 37-41 repeats of four amino acids: NANP (asparagine-alanine-asparagine-proline). Most sera from people in endemic areas that react with sporozoites also recognize the dodecamer (NANP)3. Conjugated to a carrier, (NANP)3 is an excellent immunogen for rabbits and mice. NANP has recently served as the basis for two experimental malaria vaccines tested in volunteers. One of these vaccines, (NANP)32 tet32, was genetically engineered in Escherichia coli; the other consisted of the synthetic peptide (NANP)3 conjugated to tetanus toxoid. Most peptide-immunized volunteers developed antipeptide/sporozoite antibodies; however, there was no booster effect, and only one of three individuals was completely protected. For optimal protection, future vaccines must not only contain the B cell epitope but also induce T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells producing interferon-gamma, which has been shown to inhibit the development of liver-stage parasites.
Two-step Processing Is Not Essential for the Import and Assembly of Functionally Active Iron-Sulfur Protein into the Cytochrome bc1 Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The iron-sulfur protein of the cytochrome bc1 complex is one of a small number of proteins that are processed in two sequential steps by matrix processing peptidase (MPP) and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP) during import into Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. To test whether two-step processing is necessary for import and assembly of the iron-sulfur protein into the cytochrome bc1 complex, we mutagenized the presequence of the iron-sulfur protein to eliminate the original MPP site and replace the MIP site with a new MPP site. The mutated presequence is cleaved and forms mature-sized protein in a single step, and the mature-sized iron-sulfur protein is correctly targeted to the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane in vitro. Mutant iron-sulfur protein which is processed to mature size in one step complements the respiratory deficient phenotype of a yeast strain in which the endogenous gene for the iron-sulfur protein is deleted. These results establish that mature-sized iron-sulfur protein can be formed by single-step processing and assembled into a functionally active form in the cytochrome bc1 complex in S. cerevisiae.
Understanding the Rationale for Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Although immunotherapy has been used for decades in immunogenic tumor types, such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, historically immunotherapeutic approaches in other tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have met with failure. Nonetheless, evidence exists supporting the role of the immune system in tumor suppression, even in tumor types believed to be non-immunogenic. In NSCLC, immune checkpoint molecules have recently proven to be successful targets, with nivolumab, the first immune checkpoint inhibitor indicated for NSCLC, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2015. Several other immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently in phase III development in NSCLC.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Marital Assimilation in the Early Twentieth Century

Historical research on intermarriage has overlooked how distinctive patterns of ethnic settlement shape partner choice and assumed that the mate selection process operated the same way for men and ...
“Clinically” obtained IQs versus “production line” IQs in a mentally retarded sample☆

Abstract Psychometric scores of mentally retarded children obtained under ordinary clinical testing conditions are compared with scores obtained under very poor conditions. The absence of differences raises questions concerning some of the traditionally accepted ideas of appropriate testing procedures.
Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Presenting as a Posterior Fossa Mass

A patient with signs of brainstem compression and hydrocephalus is reported. The clinical picture suggested a posterior fossa neoplasm. Computed tomography, however, proved highly accurate in making the diagnosis of a giant, partially thrombosed vertebrobasilar aneurysm. The radiographic appearance of this entity is summarized and pathologic correlation is offered.
Arginase inhibition: a new treatment for preventing progression of established diabetic nephropathy

Our previous publication showed that inhibition of arginase prevents the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, identification of targets that retard the progression of established DN–w...
SA-I mechanoreceptor position in fingertip skin may impact sensitivity to edge stimuli

Background: The skin plays a role in conditioning mechanical indentation into distributions of stress/strain that mechanoreceptors convert into neural signals. Solid mechanics methods have modelled the skin to predict the in vivo neural response from mechanoreceptors. Despite their promise, current models cannot explain the role that anatomical positioning and receptor organ morphology play in producing differences in neural response. This work hypothesises that the skin's intermediate ridges may help explain, in part, the sensitivity of slowly adapting type I SA-I mechanoreceptors to edge stimuli. Method: Two finite-element models of the fingertip were built, validated and used to analyse the functionality of the intermediate ridges. One of the two-dimensional, cross-sectional models included intermediate ridges, while the other did not. The analysis sought to determine if intermediate ridges 1 increase the magnitude of strain energy density SED near the SA-I location and 2 help differentiate one 2.0-mm indenter from two 0.5-mm wide indenters with a 1.0-mm gap. Results: Higher concentrations of SED were found near the tips of the intermediate ridges, the anatomical location that coincides with the SA-I receptors. This first result suggested that the location of the SA-Is in the stiffer epidermal tissue helps magnify their response to edge stimuli. The second result was that both models were equally capable of predicting the spatial structure within the in vivo neural responses, and therefore the addition of intermediate ridges did not help in differentiating the indenters. Conclusion: The finding, a 15%--35% increase in response when the sampling point lies within the stiffer tissue at the same depth, seeks to inform the positioning of force sensors in robotic skin substrates.
Academic Perceptions of University‐Firm Technology Transfer

Why do some academics engage in technology transfer activities while others do not? What facilitates technology transfer? What inhibits it? This paper attempts to answer these questions from the vantage point of academic researchers. After briefly reviewing some pertinent literature, findings from a survey of academic researchers in the nation's top 100 research universities are presented. An assessment is made of academic researchers' technology transfer activities and of attributes that differentiate researchers who engage in technology transfer from their non-participating colleagues. Conclusions are drawn regarding the barriers and facilitators of university technology transfer to industry.
Epitaxial growth of Fe/Mo/Fe(111) and Fe/Cr/Fe(111) on Si(111)

Epitaxial body-centered cubic Mo and Cr films have been grown on the (111) surface of α–Fe films on Si(111) at 300 and 575 K by electron beam evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that the Mo films are oriented with the (111) plane parallel to the α-Fe(111) plane and with the Mo[1$\overline 1$0] direction parallel to the Fe[1$\overline 1$0] direction in the plane of the substrate. The same orientation relationship holds for the Cr films epitaxially grown on α-Fe(111) surfaces. Epitaxial Fe(111)/Mo(111)/Fe(111) and Fe(111)/Cr(111)/Fe(111) films have also been grown on Si(111). This work provides new examples of low temperature epitaxy which can occur at a substrate temperature as low as 0.1 times the melting temperature of the deposited materials.
Possible effects of electric blankets and heated waterbeds on fetal development

Seasonal patterns were seen in fetal growth and in abortion rate for families using electrically heated beds. These patterns could be attributed to the seasonal use of heated beds. The fact that such seasonal patterns were seen only in users, and not in nonusers, of electrically heated beds suggests that electrical bed heating may have a direct effect on fetal development. The effect could be due to excessive heat or to electromagnetic field exposure.
Early ontogeny of the annual fish genus Nothobranchius: Cleavage plane orientation and epiboly

Living embryos of ten species of the teleost fish Nothobranchius were observed from fertilization through the ten-somite stage. Cellular behaviour during early development showed differences as well as similarities among species. In one species at the eight-cell stage the blastomeres are arranged in two rows of four cells, all in one plane. In three other species the blastomeres are arranged in two layers of four cells, each one above the other, and in the remaining six species the arrangement is intermediate between the one-layer and two-layer pattern. Hybridization experiments showed that the sequence of orientation of cleavage planes is not under the control of either the nucleus or of cytoplasmic factors from the sperm. At midcleavage stages, marginal cells of the blastoderm undergo fusion, thus giving rise to the external-Yolk Syncytial Layer. A second period of fusion of cells of the Enveloping Layer occurs just before epiboly starts and a third one after epiboly has concluded. Marginal cells of the Enveloping Layer do not possess cell protrusions such as blebs, lobopodia, or filopodia; therefore, spreading of the Enveloping Layer during epiboly by means of locomotion of marginal cells seems unlikely. Evidence is presented that the deep cells within the segmentation cavity remain separated from one another through contact inhibition during epiboly and that they use the Enveloping Layer as a substratum during their dispersion over the yolk. A description of normal stages applicable to all ten species of Nothobranchius is presented.
Bayesian Analysis for Transportation Risk

High profile terrorist attacks featured the transportation system as the target (e.g. London in 2005, Madrid in 2004, and Tokyo in 1995) and the weapon (e.g. USA in 2001). Completely securing the transportation system against exploitation in these capacities and as a means to reach other targets is an expensive challenge due to the necessary openness of the system for the efficient movement of people and goods. Thus, the need exists for a comprehensive, dynamic risk assessment, which must account for the probability of various events as well as their consequences. While specific attacks may be infrequent, their probabilities should not necessarily be considered zero. Experts can estimate these low probabilities based on their “degree of belief” about the scenario. Since these probabilities are subjective, they can be updated as additional evidence becomes available. This paper demonstrates how Bayesian analysis can be used to update attack scenario probabilities after receiving new information. Two different evidence specificities are analyzed here, but the method is not limited to this number. The updating process depends on the total probability of receiving information of a given specificity and the conditional probability that information is received given that the scenario is actually selected. Numerical experiments demonstrate that false information may reduce the probability of a scenario and has the power to influence the defender’s risk assessment even in the face of intelligence information. Furthermore, false information may lead the defender to expend valuable, limited resources to protect a site that is not the planned target.
Active Distributors, Inc

In this case, Richard Kramer, president of Active Distributors, Inc., must decide whether to accept a line of bicycle helmets. His decision depends on forecasts of consumer demand and the product-customer fit, as well as the attractiveness of the helmets to retailers.
Learning SVM classifiers with indefinite kernels

Recently, training support vector machines with indefinite kernels has attracted great attention in the machine learning community. In this paper, we tackle this problem by formulating a joint optimization model over SVM classifications and kernel principal component analysis. We first reformulate the kernel principal component analysis as a general kernel transformation framework, and then incorporate it into the SVM classification to formulate a joint optimization model. The proposed model has the advantage of making consistent kernel transformations over training and test samples. It can be used for both binary classification and multiclass classification problems. Our experimental results on both synthetic data sets and real world data sets show the proposed model can significantly outperform related approaches.
North Sea hydrocarbon systems: some aspects of our evolving insights into a classic hydrocarbon province

Abstract A review is given of the development of the understanding of the structure and stratigraphy of a classic petroleum province through 35 years of NW European Petroleum Geology Conferences, using new examples to illustrate the interplay between tectonics and sedimentation in the development of some of the major hydrocarbon plays. Cimmerian tectonics is discussed, with regard to the evidence for regional-scale truncation beneath the Mid Cimmerian unconformity, and the stratal motifs characteristic of rifting associated with the Early and Late Cimmerian events. New data revealing the structural geometries associated with polyphase rifting in the East Shetland Basin are presented. The seismic and sequence stratigraphy of Jurassic and Cenozoic sequences are reviewed and new data presented, with a discussion of generic play controls in North Sea Jurassic deepwater reservoirs. The development of integrated hydrocarbon system studies is reviewed, and the remaining challenges to predictive capabilities discussed. The impact of advances in geoscience and technology on North Sea creaming curves is discussed.
Use of FT-IR in the Conservation of Twentieth Century Objects

The application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT..IR) to the identification of early semi-synthetic and synthetic plastics is discussed. The sample technique is described. Three materials, natural rubber, cellulose nitrate (celluloid) and cellulose acetate are discussed and examples of identification of these materials are presented.
Modeling and Simulation of Air Combat Threat Assessment

Taking the threat to fighters in air combat as a research goal,the calculation methods of threat assessment for each unit are researched based on the different character of various units in air combat.The normalization processing was performed for the threat degree of various platforms.All the threats are ranked according to the normalization processing and then sent to the pilot.Based on the theory research,the simulation software for "Threat Assessment Simulation System of Air Battlefield" was written by the aid of Borland C++ Builder 6.0 and Google Maps.
Systhesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Curcumin Fluoro-analogues

Three curcumin analogues were synthesized from 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone,cyclopentane and aceton,and their spectroscopic properties were determined.The synthetics had the structural properties such as the target compounds,which showed their particular spectroscopic properties.
On the Dynamical Relationship between Equatorial Pacific Surface Currents, Zonally Averaged Equatorial Sea Level, and El Niño Prediction

AbstractPrevious work has shown that for large zonal scales and low frequencies, wind-forced sea level, even near the equator, can be described by wind-forced long Rossby waves. In the eastern equatorial Pacific where the interannual wind forcing is small, these waves are essentially locally unforced and propagate westward from the boundary. At the boundary the waves’ sea level is in phase because of geostrophy and no normal flow to the boundary. However, because the waves propagate more slowly with increasing latitude, west of the boundary lag increases as latitude increases. Consequently a northward sea level gradient is like a time derivative, and the zonal geostrophic flow is like a time derivative of the sea level. This implies that the equatorial flow should lead the equatorial sea level by about 9 months on El Nino time scales. However, analysis shows that when dissipation of the large-scale flow is taken into account, this lead is reduced to about 3 months. This lead time is approximately the diss...
Availability and Irreversibility

Whereas the first law of thermodynamics concerns the quantity of energy, the second law deals with the quality. Because work (organized energy) is the highest-quality (or lowest-entropy) form of interaction among systems, it is also the most valuable form of energy and should therefore be one important index used to rank energy-conversion processes. The second law permits the definition of a property called available energy—the maximum amount of theoretical work that can be produced from the energy of a system. Unlike energy, available energy can be consumed in a process. The goal of energy conversion, therefore, should be to minimize the consumption of available energy. In this chapter we examine this property.
The emerging partnership between palliative care and stroke

Stroke care displays 2 truisms. First, a severe stroke is a common event often close to one's death. It unleashes a series of intense conversations among clinicians, patients, and families, rife with uncertainty, about health states with varying degrees of acceptability and what makes life worth living.1 Second, enormous variations in clinical practice remain prevalent, including end-of-life care practices. This end-of-life practice variation has been called a hidden curriculum, providing medical students with insights into how the location of their residency training helps shape the type of physicians they will become.2 It is surprising, therefore, how little we know about these important life transitions in our patients with stroke. But this ignorance is beginning to change.
Eradication of large orthotopic breast tumors and metastasis by combined nab-paclitaxel and bevacizumab therapy

4021 Introduction: Metastasis is the main cause of mortality from cancer. Treatments to prevent or eradicate metastasis will sustain long-term remissions and significantly improve patients’ survival. We have previously shown that reactionary angiogenesis induced by chemotherapy correlated with increased VEGF production in tumors (Trieu et al., AACR 2007, #4636). The combined therapy of ABX and anti-VEGF-A antibody (bevacizumab, Avastin) has superior efficacy against both primary tumors and metastasis than either of these drugs used alone in medium-sized MDA-MB-231 tumors (~230 mm 3 ) (Ran et al., AACR 2007, #2201). In this study, to verify the effect of ABX and Avastin combination on metastasis, we optimized dosage of nab -paclitaxel and the timing of Avastin administration to achieve sustainable regressions of large-sized primary tumors (average size 450 mm 3 ) as well as lymphatic and lung metastases. Methods: Luciferase-tagged MDA-MB-231-Luc + human breast carcinoma cells were implanted into mammary fat pads of nu/nu mice and allowed to reach an averaged size of 450 mm 3 (range 350-600 mm 3 ). Mice were treated with ABX at 10 or 30 mg/kg on the qdx5 schedule for 1, 2 or 3 cycles separated by one week. In combination groups, Avastin (4mg/kg) was administered either concurrently with ABX or post-ABX treatment; and either continued for the duration of the experiment or discontinued after cessation of ABX therapy. Tumor growth was monitored for ~100 days after implantation, and organs were analyzed for luciferase activity representing metastatic spread. Results: No toxicity was observed in any of the treated mice. Complete regressions were achieved in 100% of mice bearing large orthotopic MDA-MB-231-Luc + tumors after treatment with 2 cycles of Abraxane and Avastin given concurrently at 30 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively. All cured mice were free of metastasis as determined by measuring luciferase activity in lymph nodes and lungs. Three cycles of combined therapy with Abraxane at 10 mg/kg resulted in 80% regressions and 98% reduction in averaged metastatic burden. Avastin effect was optimal when administered concurrently with Abraxane and continued for the duration of the experiment. Avastin administered sequentially after Abraxane delivered no benefits of the combined therapy. The antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of the combined therapy was diminished with lower ABX dose, reduction in number of treatment cycles, and early discontinuation or delayed application of Avastin. Conclusions: Our data show that large-sized (up to 600 mm 3 ) orthotopic tumors and lymphatic and systemic metastases can be eradicated using repetitive cycles of nab -paclitaxel at 30 mg/kg given concurrently with bevacizumab at 4 mg/kg. The suppression of paclitaxel-induced reactionary angiogenesis by Avastin can significantly enhance the antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of Abraxane.
CASE STUDY: Recovery from ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction for steers conditioned to grazing seedhead-suppressed and unsuppressed pastures of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue

ABSTRACT Chemical seedhead suppression of toxic endophyte–infected (E+) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) can enhance steer performance and mitigate the adverse effects of ergot alkaloids on cattle physiology; however, it is not known if seedhead suppression can mitigate alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and improve postgraze performance. A 2-yr experiment was conducted with Angus crossbred steers using a pasture phase to precondition steers to grazing seedhead-suppressed E+ tall fescue; unsuppressed E+ fescue; or a bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), white clover (Trifolium repens), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) control. A pen phase followed to monitor luminal areas of the caudal artery for assessing alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and BW to compare the E+ treatments with the nontoxic treatment. During the pen phase, luminal areas of caudal arteries in steers preconditioned on suppressed E+ were comparable (P > 0.10) with those for nontoxic preconditioning on and after 28 and 13 d on the nontoxic diets (DNTD) in the first and second years, respectively. Caudal arteries in steers preconditioned on unsuppressed E+ were constricted compared (P > 0.10) with the nontoxic preconditioned steers over all DNTD and from 0 to 34 DNTD in the first and second years, respectively. Body weights of steers preconditioned on suppressed pastures were similar (P > 0.10) to the nontoxic steers, except for 0 and 8 DNTD in the first year and 6 DNTD in the second year. Body weights for steers on unsuppressed pastures were less (P
Learning From National and State Trends in Sudden Unexpected Infant Death

* Abbreviation: SUID — : sudden unexpected infant death In their analysis of national and state trends in US sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) rates in this month’s issue of Pediatrics , Erck Lambert et al1 demonstrate that declines in SUID rates have plateaued for the past 2 decades. The state-by-state data in which large disparities in SUID rates are shown should both raise alarm in the 22 states where rates are increasing and bring light to prevention efforts in the 9 states with the largest declines. Widespread education about safe sleep environments (eg, the Back to Sleep campaign) was associated with large decreases in SUID rates between 1990 and 2002. However, the effectiveness of such campaigns may have peaked as they have encountered cultural barriers, Internet misinformation, and countercampaigns. In light of this, how should we, as health care and public health professionals, proceed? First, we should recognize that among developed countries, the United States has the highest SUID rate. In a recent international comparison, researchers found that among 8 developed countries, the United States had the highest mean 2002–2010 postneonatal mortality rates (of which SUID comprises the majority) at 2.25 per 1000 live births, ∼70% higher than the other countries; only New Zealand, at 2.14 per 1000 live births, came close.2 To understand these differences, we must begin to look at variations in national policies. Of these countries, the United States is the only one that does not provide universal health care,3 home visitors in the neonatal period,4 and universal paid maternity leave.5 All of these are important protective factors for infant mortality.6–8 Additionally, these policies may have positive downstream effects on parental practices. The … Address correspondence to Rachel Y. Moon, MD, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: rym4z{at}virginia.edu
La toracotomia nel trauma: dritti al punto

Immagina di giocare a un nuovo videogioco: l’azione si svolge in uno o piu di cinque domini o territori. Mentre esplori un dominio, l’azione reale potrebbe svolgersi in un altro. Ciascun dominio ha un proprio portale: se scegli quello sbagliato per uno specifico gioco, finisci in guai seri fin dall’inizio. A render poi le cose ancor piu interessanti e la novita che il gioco ha una trama diversa per ogni territorio. Ma il bello e che il gioco e rapido e breve, senza possibilita di ricominciare da capo.
Target Model Sequence and Critical Learning Pathway for an Electricity Curriculum Based on Model Evolution

This chapter discusses the design of a recently developed high school electricity curriculum called the Capacitor-Aided System for Teaching and Learning Electricity (CASTLE), which aspires to enable students to construct a sequence of increasingly complex qualitative models of electric circuits (Steinberg & Wainwright, 1993). The curriculum is driven by hands-on student experiments on bulb lighting in circuits that contain batteries and capacitors, sequenced to foster a learning pathway of model modifications that add conceptual complexity gradually with low cognitive load. The growing complexity periodically requires a revised conception of causal agency. The transition from emission by a battery to pressure in a compressible fluid as the agent of current propulsion is described here. Transitions to increasingly abstract causal agents of distant action will be described in a later chapter in this volume. Teacher and student manuals with complete details are available in Electricity Visualized (Steinberg et al., 2007).
ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF QUADRICEPS ATROPHY IN MENISCUS LESIONS

Bei 54 Patienten mit Meniscusschaden wurde die Atrophie des Quadriceps im Bereich der Vastuskopfe und in Hohe des starksten Oberschenkelumfanges gemessen. Die Vasti wurden elektromyographisch untersucht, gleichzeitig haben wir Reizzeitintensitatskurven angefertigt. Wir stellten eine signifikante Verlangerung der Chronaxie bei allen Patienten und eine signifikante Erniedrigung der Potentialspannung bei Patienten, deren Erkrankungsbeginn langere Zeit zuruck lag, fest. Diese Resultate berechtigen uns zu der Annahme, das die Muskelatrophie bei Meniskopathien einen echten Muskelschaden darstellt, deren Ursache in reflektorischen, wahrscheinlich vegetativen Regulationsmechanismen zu suchen ist. Auf die Notwendigkeit der fruhzeitigen krankengymnastischen Behandlung wurde verwiesen.
Capturing the statewide incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in real time: the West Virginia experience

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is one of the consequences at birth affecting the newborn after discontinuation of prenatal drug exposure to mainly opioids. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of the problem in the state of West Virginia (WV) using a real-time statewide surveillance system. Project WATCH is a surveillance tool that since 1998 collects data on all infants born in the state of WV. NAS surveillance item was added to the tool in October 2016. This study examined all births (N = 23,667) in WV from October to December 2017. The data from six WV birthing facilities were audited for 1 month to evaluate how well this tool was capturing NAS data using κ-statistics. The 2017 annual incidence rate of NAS was 51.3 per 1000 live births per year for all births and 50.6 per 1000 live births per year for WV residents only. The κ-coefficient between the hospital medical records and Project WATCH data was 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.82) for NAS. The study provides justification to develop effective systems of care for the mother–infant dyad affected by substance use, especially targeting pregnant women in rural communities.
Deciphering the Isotopic Niches of Now-Extinct Hispaniolan Rodents

Hispaniola once had a large and diverse endemic rodent community. Today, a single species, Plagiodontia aedium, survives alongside invasive murids. Ecological adaptations and resource competition among species have not been previously studied. Here, we undertake the first investigation of the foraging ecology of the endemic taxa using estimated body mass and carbon and oxygen isotope values in incisor enamel. Our sample includes nine endemic taxa, eight of which are extinct, from two Holocene cave assemblages in southern Haiti. We also measured isotopic signatures for the invasive genus Rattus to explore potential niche overlap and competition between introduced and endemic fauna. We expected to detect isotopic evidence for niche partitioning among phylogenetically related rodents with similar morphological adaptations. We find clear differences in body mass and isotope values among rodent taxa. The combination of carbon and oxygen isotopes suggests that some taxa lived in the forest understory, whereas others likely frequented the canopy or open habitats. We may also be able to distinguish dietary preferences (e.g., folivory, frugivory, and potentially trophic omnivory). Small individuals attributed to an undescribed species of Isolobodon are isotopically distinct from their congeners, I. montanus and I. portoricensis, and appear to have relied to a modest degree on C4 foods. Rattus had a broad generalist niche, which coincided with several endemics, including extant P. aedium. Although preliminary, these data shed light on how a closely related community of island rodents partitions resources and provide context for understanding the ecological role that invasive species may play in extinction processes and future conservation efforts.
The impact of the strategy of self - questioning in the development of the concepts of the Internet students in the Department of Arabic Language

The present study aims at investigating (The effect of self- questioning strategy on developing students' internet concepts of the department of Arabic language). The study is limited to first year students in the department of Arabic language/ college education for girls alternative site for the university of Mosul in Dohuk for the academic year (2015-2016). The sample of the research comprises of (41) students which is divided into two equal groups. The control group studied according to the conventional strategy and the experimental group studied according to the self-questioning strategy. It was required to prepare test of the concepts of the internet as a research tool, composed from (30) points. Validity and reliability were examined for the research tool. Experience has been applied during the (8) weeks. Before and after the experiment on the experimental and control groups, collecting data and statistical analysis, the results showed statistically significant differences in mean scores of the pre and post tests of the concepts of the internet tests for female students in the experimental group and in favor of the post test. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the concepts of the internet test between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. in the light of the results, the researcher reached to a number of recommendations and proposals
Ideological Origins of William Penn's 'Holy Experiment'

The story of the founding of Pennsylvania is well-known to historians and the public alike. William Penn, having inherited the debt owed to his father by Charles II, leveraged this debt to acquire a proprietary charter to over 45,000 square miles of what would become Penn's religiously tolerant Quaker colony. Less well-known are the origins of the ideas that buttressed Penn's colonial government. One historian wrote that "William Penn remains a man apart, a figure whom many know a little, but few know well." Regarding the Quakers, another historian concluded that "[t]he Society of Friends...have enormous significance for the history of humanitarian and religious reforms, but in a discussion of eighteenth-century arguments about the constitution they can be safely neglected." As a result of this neglect, there is a gap in the scholarly work regarding the philosophical origins of William Penn's ideas for governing the Pennsylvania colony. This paper seeks to fill that gap by examining Penn's writings and ideas about governance and searching for their roots in the people and the events that shaped his early life in England. Ultimately, the ideological origins that underpinned William Penn's "Holy Experiment" were primarily derived from the ancient English constitution, as exemplified by the radical English Leveller movement of the mid-17th century, and included religious freedom, trial by jury, and popular consent by expanded suffrage. The radical libertarian ideas of the Levellers, as applied to Pennsylvania's colonial government, were remarkably liberal for their time. The legacy of William Penn's ideas flourished into the 18th century and provided a lasting influence through the Founding generation and beyond.
Online Students' Attitudes toward Collaborative Learning and Sense of Community.

Feelings of community increase information flow, cooperation, support, and a sense of commitment toward group goals. Many studies have explored the significance of sense of community and collaborat...
Generation of mesenchyme free intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Efficient generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived human intestinal organoids (HIOs) would facilitate the development of in vitro models for a variety of diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease or Cystic Fibrosis. Here, we report a directed differentiation protocol for the generation of mesenchyme-free HIOs that can be primed towards more colonic or proximal intestinal lineages in serum-free defined conditions. Using a CDX2eGFP iPSC knock-in reporter line to track the emergence of hindgut progenitors, we follow the kinetics of CDX2 expression throughout directed differentiation, enabling the purification of intestinal progenitors and robust generation of mesenchyme-free organoids expressing characteristic markers of small intestinal or colonic epithelium. We employ HIOs generated in this way to measure CFTR function using cystic fibrosis patient-derived iPSC lines before and after correction of the CFTR mutation, demonstrating their future potential for disease modeling and therapeutic screening applications.
Searching for the Big Pictures.

My goal in searching for the big pictures is to discover novel ways of organizing information in psychology that will have both theoretical and practical significance. The first section lists my re...
Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: JACC Focus Seminar

Highlights •ICH, although less common than ischemic stroke, is the major cause of stroke mortality and there is not yet a definitive therapy beyond supportive care. •Early stabilization of acute ICH involves identifying and treating the cause(s) of decreased alertness, aggressively correcting blood pressure, and reversing any coagulopathy. •Long-term management of ICH requires correctly identifying the underlying etiology and, when possible, correcting it. •Initial clinical trials of minimally invasive hemorrhage evacuation were promising and ongoing trials are evaluating new hemorrhage evacuation technologies.
Simultaneous servo error pre-compensation and feedrate optimization with tolerance constraints using linear programming

Servo error pre-compensation and feedrate optimization are often performed independently to improve the accuracy and speed of manufacturing machines. However, this independent approach leads to unnecessary trade-offs between productivity and quality in manufacturing. This paper proposes a novel linear programming approach for combined servo error pre-compensation and feedrate optimization, subject to contour error (tolerance) and kinematic constraints. The incorporation of servo error pre-compensation into feedrate optimization allows for faster motions without violating tolerance constraints. Experiments carried out on a 3D printer and precision motion stage are respectively used to demonstrate up to 43% and 47% reduction in cycle time without compromising part quality using the proposed approach compared with the independent approach.
Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (Phasix™) mesh onlay in complex abdominal wall repair

Poly-4-hydroxybutyric acid (P4HB, Phasix™) is a biosynthetic polymer that degrades by hydrolysis that can be woven into a mesh for use in soft tissue reinforcement. Herein, we describe our initial experience performing complex abdominal wall repair (CAWR) utilizing component separation and P4HB mesh as onlay reinforcement. All patients undergoing CAWR between June 2014 and May 2017 were followed prospectively for postoperative outcomes. Only those patients who underwent components separation with primary repair of the fascial edges followed by onlay of P4HB mesh were included in this study. 105 patients (52 male, 53 female; mean age 59.2 years, range 22–84) met inclusion criteria. Mean BMI was 29.1 (range 16–48); 52% patients had prior attempted hernia repair, most with multiple medical comorbidities (71% of patients with ASA 3 or greater). 30% of cases were not clean at the time of repair (CDC class 2 or greater). Median follow-up was 36 months (range 9–63). Eighteen patients (17%) developed a hernia recurrence ranging from 2 to 36 months postoperatively. Five (5%) patients developed a localized superficial infection treated with antibiotics, three (2.8%) required re-operation for non-healing wounds, and six (6%) patients developed seroma. These data demonstrate a relatively low rate of hernia recurrence, seroma, and other common complications of CAWR in a highly morbid patient population. Importantly, the rate of mesh infection was low and no patients required complete mesh removal, even when placed into a contaminated or infected surgical field.
1.09 – Traditional Medicines

The history and present status of traditional medical practices and the use of herbal remedies are critically reviewed.
Substance use disorders: diagnosis and management for hospitalists

Substance use disorder is a significant health concern. Hospitalists manage patient with various forms of substance use disorder on a daily basis. In this review, we have tried to synthesize evidence together to give a brief, yet succinct, review of commonly encounters disorders; alcohol intoxication and withdrawal, opioid intoxication and withdrawal, cocaine intoxication and methamphetamine intoxication. We describe clinical features, diagnosis and management, which would serve as a great resource for hospitalist when managing these complicated patients.
Colorado community pharmacists' survey and their perspectives regarding marijuana

Objectives:With one of the highest prevalence rates for marijuana use in the United States, Colorado provides a great opportunity for insight on common encounters with consumers in the community ph...
Influence of Concurrent Mutations on Overall Survival in EGFR-mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have better outcomes with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) than with chemotherapy. However, even with the most effective therapies, not all patients respond. The presence of concurrent pathogenic mutations could play a role in resistance. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of concurrent mutations in genes other than EGFR on survival outcomes of patients treated with TKIs for EGFR-mutated NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with TKIs in our center between January 2016 and December 2019. Clinical and pathological characteristics, EGFR mutational status, presence of co-occurring genetic alterations, overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 42 patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations who received TKIs in our center, 22 (52%) had no concurrent mutations, 15 (36%) had a non-pathogenic, non-resistance co-mutation, and 5 (12%) had a concurrent resistance mutation. The median OS of the global population was 14.9 months, with a shorter OS in the group harboring a concurrent resistance mutation (7.7 vs. 18.1 months, p=0.002). Concurrent mutations possibly associated with resistance were found in PIK3CA, KRAS and PTEN genes. CONCLUSION Concurrent resistance mutations in genes other than EGFR influenced the outcome of patients with NSCLC, while non-resistance mutations did not alter survival, compared to the absence of co-mutations. This evidence highlights the importance of a careful interpretation of molecular findings. The best treatment options for these patients should be studied in randomized controlled trials.
Severe convective storms in a changing climate

Abstract Severe convective storms (SCSs; tornadoes, large hail, and damaging convective wind gusts) can produce socioeconomic impacts ranging from billion-dollar hailstorms to deadly tornado outbreaks. Weather-sensitive economic sectors (e.g., agriculture, aviation, insurance, logistics) impacted by these mesoscale extreme events have evolved to anticipate and, in some cases, mitigate their impact; however, these expectations may be disrupted by shifts in the climatological frequency, intensity, and efficiency of these storm-scale extremes in a future climate. In addition to a changing climate, it is not yet well understood why some years tally record high SCS reports, whereas others exhibit record low counts. Ultimately, understanding how climate regimes may modify these relatively low probability—but high impact—events could help reduce this uncertainty, thus empowering stakeholders to anticipate change, mitigate impacts, and incorporate resiliency strategies. More research is needed, particularly using novel computational methods such as dynamical downscaling and machine learning to understand the full impact that climate variability and change may have on these extreme weather events.
Exploratory evaluation of online brief education for JUUL pod-mod use and prevention.

Abstract Introduction Initiation of e-cigarette use by young adults is a significant public health issue within the debate on vaping. The current study is an exploratory evaluation of brief educational information among young adults and investigated outcomes as a function of JUUL use and smoking status. Methods Participants (N = 947) were young adults ( Results There was a significant Time X Group interaction for JUUL-related knowledge (p .05 for all contrasts except JUUL-related knowledge). Participants showed modest decreases in interest in future JUUL use, interest in purchasing, and interest in future regular use (all p ≤ 0.001; ds = 0.07-0.08; time × group p > .05 for all contrasts). In terms of smoking outcomes, participants reported reduced perceived harm to others (p Conclusions Brief education was effective in increasing knowledge and risk perceptions while showing a modest effect on intentions for future use. The information was most effective in increasing knowledge among non-users, suggesting that brief education may be useful for preventing initiation. Analysis of group differences suggest current JUUL use status is more important in informing JUUL-related attitudes than smoking status.
Making Meetings More Meaningful: An Exploration of Meeting Science in Libraries

The term “meeting science” first appears in the 2015 publication The Cambridge Handbook of Meeting Science, edited by Allen, Lehamann–Willenbrock, and Rogelberg. The field looks at actual meetings ...
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis.

Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis A 46-year-old woman presented with an erythematous lesion on her thumb. Despite treatment with an antibiotic agent, the lesion increased in size, and painful r...
Interpretation and Analysis of the H2 Vibrational Distribution in a Hydrogen Discharge

We have used a model employing standard collisional processes to analyze the H2(v″) vibrational distribution experimentally observed in a medium-density hydrogen discharge. No adjustable parameters are used in describing these processes. We find the calculated distribution to be a sensitive function of the wall-relaxation process. Our analysis of a warm-gas-temperature discharge shows substantially more rapid H2(v″) wall relaxation than is inferred from experimental observations on cold-gas systems. By using limiting assumptions that range from complete wall quenching to the absence of wall relaxation we are able to obtain solutions that essentially span conflicting experimental data. We present a hypothesis that resolves the experimental situation.