cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mark Twain and Fishing

From have equate Herman fostered fishing Melville a with grand spiritual tradition to Ernest quest, of Hemingway fishing as in stories. Hemingway's and Norman Often these The Maclean, tales Old Man are American allegorical and the writers Sea and , have fostered a grand tradition of fishing stories. Often these tales are allegorical and equate fishing with spir tual quest, as in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea , Maclean's A River Runs Through It , and even Melville's Moby-Dick , the ultimate fishing story, the very definition of a "whopper." Sinclair Lewis declared in his 1930 Nobel Prize acceptance speech that he had "learned as a boy that there is something very important and spiritual about catching fish."1 In a sense, fishing is nothing less than an act of faith and a fisherman the very type of stubborn optimist. Henry David Thoreau mused in Waiden that fishing is "the true industry for poets" and pondered whether he should "go to heaven or a-fishing."2 Similarly, Sarah Orne Jewett wrote in The Country of the Pointed Firs that "If there is one way above another of getting so close to nature that one simply is a piece of nature, following a primeval instinct with perfect self-forgetfulness and forgetting everything except the dreamy consciousness of pleasant freedom, it is to take the course of a shady trout brook."3 On the other hand, unlike such sports as hunting, hiking, and swimming, fishing is literally a "passive activity." It is not productive labor but a parody of work. Ben Franklin reminisced in his autobiography, for example, that as a young printer he "was seen at no Places of idle Diversion; I never went out a-fishing or shooting."4 On his part, Rip Van Winkle, the consummate loafer, suffered "an insuperable aversion to all kinds of profitable labor" and "would sit on a wet rock, with a rod as long and heavy as a Tartar's lance, and fish all day without a murmur, even though he should not be encouraged by a single nibble."5 Mark Twain later drew a crude picture of the actor Joe Jefferson best known as the star of a popular stage production of "Rip Van Winkle" while fishing.6 As usual, Twain was one of the skeptics. He never described fishing as spiritually uplifting, and he never wrote a piece that contains the word "fish" in its title. In Twain's stories, there are only two reasons to fish: fun or food. Put another way, fishing in Mark Twain's writings is either a form of play, sport, or leisure, suitable to old men and young boys, or a form of subsistence, suitable for those who cannot otherwise earn a living. In Pudd'nhead Wilson , Judge Driscoll and Pembroke Howard, elderly sons of the First Families of Virginia, spend an entire day on the water: "The day's fishing finished, they came floating down stream in their skiff, talking national politics and other high matters."7 Or in "The Private History of a Campaign That Failed," Twain remembered that half the soldiers in his Confederate militia, like the boys in Tom Sawyer's Gang, went
Breast cancer laterality does not influence survival in a large modern cohort: implications for radiation-related cardiac mortality.

Objectives Radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer has been associated with an elevated risk of cardiac mortality, based on studies predating treatment planning based on computed tomography. This study assessed the impact of tumor laterality on overall survival (OS) in a large cohort treated with modern techniques, to indirectly determine whether left-sided treatment remains associated with increased cardiac mortality. Methods and Materials Patients treated for breast cancer with breast conserving surgery and adjuvant external beam radiation therapy were identified in the National Cancer Database, and OS was compared based on tumor laterality using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Separate analyses were performed for noninvasive and invasive carcinoma and for breast-only and breast plus regional nodal radiation therapy. Multivariate regression analysis of OS was performed with demographic, pathologic, and treatment variables as covariates to adjust for factors associated with breast cancer–specific survival. Results We identified 344,831 patients whose cancer was diagnosed from 1998 to 2006 with a median follow-up time of 6.04 years (range, 0-14.17 years). Clinical, tumor, and treatment characteristics were similar between laterality groups. Regional nodal radiation was used in 14.2% of invasive cancers. No OS difference was noted based on tumor laterality for patients treated with breast-only (hazard ratio [HR] 0.984, P =.132) and breast plus regional nodal radiation therapy (HR 1.001, P =.957). In multivariate analysis including potential confounders, OS was identical between left and right sided cancers (HR 1.002, P =.874). No significant OS difference by laterality was observed when analyses were restricted to patients with at least 10 years of follow-up (n=27,725), both in patients treated with breast-only (HR 0.955, P =.368) and breast plus regional nodal radiation therapy (HR 0.859, P =.155). Conclusions Radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer does not appear to increase the risk of death in this national database relative to right-sided tumors. Consequently, radiation therapy–induced cardiac disease may be less prominent than previously demonstrated.
The impact of external electrostatic fields on gas¿liquid bubbling dynamics

The effect of an applied electric potential on the dynamics of gas bubble formation from a single nozzle in glycerol was studied experimentally. Dry nitrogen was bubbled into glycerol through a nozzle having an electrified tip while pressure measurements were made upstream of the nozzle. As the applied electric potential was increased from zero, bubble size reduced, bubble shape became more spherical, and bubbling frequency increased. At constant gas flow, bubble-formation exhibited a classic period-doubling route to chaos with increasing potential. We defined an electric Bond number assuming that both the liquid and gas phases are conducting. This is in contrast to previous studies where one phase was considered a perfect conductor and the other one a perfect nonconductor or insulator. Although electric potential and gas flow appear to have similar effects on the period-doubling bifurcation process for this system, the relative impact of electrostatic forces, as measured in terms of electric Bond number for conducting liquid and gas phases, is smaller. However, the relative impact of electrostatic forces for the case of insulating liquid and conducting gas phases is comparable to flow forces. Further data collection is required for different nozzle geometries and liquid column heights in order to verify the relative impacts of electrostatic and flow forces, and would allow us to ascertain if electrostatic potential is a feasible manipulated variable for controlling this system.
Self-reinforcing impacts of plant invasions change over time

Plant invasions are thought to alter the ecosystem in a way that disadvantages the native species, making re-establishment after eradication difficult; here, on returning to a site at which an invasive plant altered nitrogen-mineralization levels several decades ago, mineralization is found to have returned to pre-invasion levels, although these new conditions favour new invaders over the natives. Invasive plants can radically change ecosystem function to the detriment of species originally in place. But what happens if the invasive species is eradicated — is the ecosystem changed permanently, or if the ousted plants are replaced can they carry on as before? For this study Stephanie Yelenik and Carla D'Antonio returned to grass-invaded field sites in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park to study invader impacts replicated more than two decades on. The invasive grass had altered nitrogen-mineralization levels but decades later the ecosystem had returned to pre-invasion levels. However, the new conditions did not favour native re-establishment; rather, they benefited a new invasive, the nitrogen-fixing tree Morella faya. Returning native species to habitats degraded by biological invasions is a critical conservation goal1. A leading hypothesis poses that exotic plant dominance is self-reinforced by impacts on ecosystem processes, leading to persistent stable states2,3,4,5,6. Invaders have been documented to modify fire regimes, alter soil nutrients or shift microbial communities in ways that feed back to benefit themselves over competitors2,5,6,7. However, few studies have followed invasions through time to ask whether ecosystem impacts and feedbacks persist8,9. Here we return to woodland sites in Hawai′i Volcanoes National Park that were invaded by exotic C4 grasses in the 1960s, the ecosystem impacts of which were studied intensively in the 1990s10,11,12. We show that positive feedbacks between exotic grasses and soil nitrogen cycling have broken down, but rather than facilitating native vegetation, the weakening feedbacks facilitate new exotic species. Data from the 1990s showed that exotic grasses increased nitrogen-mineralization rates by two- to fourfold, but were nitrogen-limited10,12,13. Thus, the impacts of the invader created a positive feedback early in the invasion. We now show that annual net soil nitrogen mineralization has since dropped to pre-invasion levels. In addition, a seedling outplanting experiment that varied soil nitrogen and grass competition demonstrates that the changing impacts of grasses do not favour native species re-establishment. Instead, decreased nitrogen availability most benefits another aggressive invader, the nitrogen-fixing tree Morella faya. Long-term studies of invasions may reveal that ecosystem impacts and feedbacks shift over time, but that this may not benefit native species recovery.
A Silicon 60-GHz Receiver and Transmitter Chipset for Broadband Communications

A 0.13-mum SiGe BiCMOS double-conversion superheterodyne receiver and transmitter chipset for data communications in the 60-GHz band is presented. The receiver chip includes an image-reject low-noise amplifier (LNA), RF-to-IF mixer, IF amplifier strip, quadrature IF-to-baseband mixers, phase-locked loop (PLL), and frequency tripler. It achieves a 6-dB noise figure, -30 dBm IIP3, and consumes 500 mW. The transmitter chip includes a power amplifier, image-reject driver, IF-to-RF upmixer, IF amplifier strip, quadrature baseband-to-IF mixers, PLL, and frequency tripler. It achieves output P1dB of 10 to 12dBm, Psat of 15 to 17 dBm, and consumes 800 mW. The chips have been packaged with planar antennas, and a wireless data link at 630 Mb/s over 10 m has been demonstrated
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and intraoperative cytologic smear findings in a case of benign mesothelial-cell inclusions involving a lymph node: case report and review of the literature.

Although first described over a decade ago, the rare entity of mesothelial lymph node inclusions (nonneoplastic mesothelial cells involving lymph node sinuses) is not well-known among pathologists. Unlike most lymph node inclusions such as Mullerian inclusions or nevus cells, which usually occur in the capsule of the lymph node, mesothelial cells involve the lymph node sinus, mimicking metastatic carcinoma or metastatic mesothelioma. The spectrum of histologic findings ranges from a few mesothelial cells, perhaps only detectable by immunohistochemical stains, to a massive distention of the lymph node sinus with abundant mesothelial cells. Mesothelial-cell inclusions in lymph nodes are usually found in mediastinal lymph nodes of patients with pleural and/or pericardial effusions. It is hypothesized that the effusion, due to whatever cause, allows for mesothelial-cell migration into the submesothelial lymphatics and regional lymph nodes. To our knowledge, cytologic findings on aspiration biopsy and intraoperative smear preparations of a lymph node with mesothelial-cell inclusions have never been described. Familiarity with this entity is important in preventing misdiagnosis of malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:163–166. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DEFENDANT ATTRIBUTES IN PLEA BARGAINING: NOTES ON THE MODELING OF SENTENCING DECISIONS*

Previous research on how defendant attributes affect sentencing decisions has relied mainly on “variable analysis.” This paper argues that such research improperly models the decision process. In plea bargaining, defendant descriptions are selected from an array of possible attributes. They are related to other descriptions and “facts” of a case, in a contextual manner, to justify a defense or prosecution position regarding sentence. To properly model the relation of defendant attributes to case dispositions, a gestalt framework is required. This would allow the investigation of commonsense reasoning practices and typifications involved in decisionmaking. The question of whether all defendants receive “equal treatment before the law” is related to what kinds of typifications are employed by lawyers and judges. Where “variable analysis” uses a standard of formal rationality to measure how well the courts administer justice, the standard displayed in plea bargaining is substantive rationality.
Force spectroscopy reveals the DNA structural dynamics that govern the slow binding of Actinomycin D.

Actinomycin D (ActD) is a small molecule with strong antibiotic and anticancer activity. However, its biologically relevant DNA-binding mechanism has never been resolved, with some studies sug- gesting that the primary binding mode is intercal- ation, and others suggesting that single-stranded DNA binding is most important. To resolve this con- troversy, we develop a method to quantify ActD's equilibrium and kinetic DNA-binding properties as a function of stretching force applied to a single DNA molecule. We find that destabilization of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) by force exponen- tially facilitates the extremely slow ActD-dsDNA on and off rates, with a much stronger effect on association, resulting in overall enhancement of equilibrium ActD binding. While we find the preferred ActD-DNA-binding mode to be to two DNA strands, major duplex deformations appear to be a pre-requisite for ActD binding. These results provide quantitative support for a model in which the biologically active mode of ActD binding is to pre-melted dsDNA, as found in transcription bubbles. DNA in transcriptionally hyperactive cancer cells will therefore likely efficiently and rapidly bind low ActD concentrations (� 10nM), es- sentially locking ActD within dsDNA due to its slow dissociation, blocking RNA synthesis and leading to cell death.
Stabilization Works on the Savannah River

Description of federally authorized navigation project in Georgia, requiring optimum utilization of open-river control works to obtain stabilized channel 9-ft deep; constrol structures and improvements include permeable pile dike contracting works, bank revetments and stabilization works, and channel cutoffs between Augusta and Savannah, Ga.
p53 deficiency linked to B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) loss enhances metastatic potential by promoting tumor growth in primary and metastatic sites in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of triple-negative breast cancer

Despite advances in early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, metastasis remains the major cause of mortality. TP53 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer, and these alterations can occur during the early stages of oncogenesis or as later events as tumors progress to more aggressive forms. Previous studies have suggested that p53 plays a role in cellular pathways that govern metastasis. To investigate how p53 deficiency contributes to late-stage tumor growth and metastasis, we developed paired isogenic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) differing only in p53 status for longitudinal analysis. Patient-derived isogenic human tumor lines differing only in p53 status were implanted into mouse mammary glands. Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored with bioluminescence imaging, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were quantified by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq was performed on p53-deficient and p53 wild-type tumors, and functional validation of a lead candidate gene was performed in vivo. Isogenic p53 wild-type and p53-deficient tumors metastasized out of mammary glands and colonized distant sites with similar frequency. However, p53-deficient tumors metastasized earlier than p53 wild-type tumors and grew faster in both primary and metastatic sites as a result of increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. In addition, greater numbers of CTCs were detected in the blood of mice engrafted with p53-deficient tumors. However, when normalized to tumor mass, the number of CTCs isolated from mice bearing parental and p53-deficient tumors was not significantly different. Gene expression profiling followed by functional validation identified B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), a downstream effector of p53, as a negative regulator of tumor growth both at primary and metastatic sites. BTG2 expression status correlated with survival of TNBC patients. Using paired isogenic PDX-derived metastatic TNBC cells, loss of p53 promoted tumor growth and consequently increased tumor cell shedding into the blood, thus enhancing metastasis. Loss of BTG2 expression in p53-deficient tumors contributed to this metastatic potential by enhancing tumor growth in primary and metastatic sites. Furthermore, clinical data support conclusions generated from PDX models and indicate that BTG2 expression is a candidate prognostic biomarker for TNBC.
Mental Disability, Factual Innocence and the Death Penalty

The death penalty is disproportionately imposed in cases involving defendants with mental disabilities. This paper seeks to explain why and how this state of affairs has come to be, to identify factors that have contributed to this shameful policy morass, to focus on the reality that factually innocent defendants with mental disabilities have been sentenced to death, and to offer some potentially ameliorative suggestions. Assuming, as we must, that the death penalty remains constitutional in multiple Asian nations, the choices of whom we execute, how we exclude (or do not exclude) certain classes from the category of “potentially executable”, the ways that mentally disabling conditions are constructed in the trial and penalty phases of death penalty cases, and the assumptions we make about individuals at every stage of the death penalty process are of significance to scholars, policy makers, and informed citizens alike.This paper will first consider the susceptibility of persons with mental disabilities to falsely confess, and then at other impediments to a fair trial caused by such disabilities, including issues related to the question of competence to be executed. Finally, it will consider the extralegal factors (that I call “sanism” and “pretextuality”) that contribute to this problem.
PARTICULARITY OF COAL COLLAPSE AND DRILLING FLUID COUNTERMEASURE

In coal gas drilling, coal collapse led to drilling hard trip and other accidents. By mechanics test and structure feature discussion, the particularity of coalhole caving was analyzed and their effects factors, then, determine drilling fluid technology, optimize drilling fluid system and composition. Test show the optimized polymer drilling fluid can prevent coalhole instability effective.
MPROVEMENT OF CALCULATION FORMULA FOR ACTIVITY OF COMPONENT IN BINARY ALLOY SYSTEMS

The improved form of calculation formula for the activities of the components in binary alloys has been derived based on the free volume theory considering excess entropy and Miedema's model for calculating the formation heat of binary alloys. The new method of revising the activities' values has been analyzed for stronger interaction systems. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental values.
Survey on knowledge and behavior of early detection for breast cancer among female residents in shanghai

OBJECTIVE:To examine the perception and behavior of early detection for breast cancer,one of cancer types recommended for early detection among female residents in Shanghai,and provide scientific evidence for breast cancer prevention among residents.METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010in Shanghai.A total of 15 732residents were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.15 663valid individual questionnaires were collected and 7 774residents were female.RESULTS:Generally,residents in Shanghai had enough knowledge for early detection of breast cancer.The knowledge rates for the abnormal sign of breast cancer in female residents(≥15years)and the advocacy of regular breast examination in females over 35years old were 60.53% and 51.10% among residents,respectively.The rates of knowledge varied among different age group and educational level.The rates were 66.33% and 57.25%in the35-69years old group.The residents with higher education level had better knowledge,which were 79.57% and68.74%in the residents with college degree or above.The percentage of residents who had experienced breast cancer early detection tests was low and it varied by age group and education level.Only 30.87% practiced breast self-examination(BSE)each month regularly.The main reasons were lack of knowledge about the method(42.58%)and forgetting how to do it(23.01%).About 21.28%of female residents aged 35-69had clinical breast examination(CBE).Only 14.36%and18.80% of the residents aged 45-69had a mammogram and breast ultrasound,respectively.The time intervals betweenthe time received related test and the day of survey were longer than recommended.The average time interval for breast clinical examination among femaless aged 35-69was 2.36years.For breast mammogram and Ultrasound test,the average interval was 2.75and 2.52years among female aged 45-69,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study revealed that knowledge of residents in Shanghai about early detection of breast cancer was high but the percentages of using the early detection tests for breast cancer were low.It is necessary to enhance public health education on breast cancer prevention and control and to develop tools to guide the planning and implementation of interventions for early detection.
Electrotransformation of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum.

Transformation of the thermophileClostridium thermosaccharolyticum ATCC 31960 was achieved using plasmid pCTC1 and electroporation. Evidence supporting transformation was provided by Southern blots, detection of the plasmid in 10 out of 10 erythromycin-resistant clones, retransformation ofE. coli andC. thermosaccharolyticum with plasmid DNA isolated fromC. thermosaccharolyticum, and a proportional relationship between the number of transformants and the amount of DNA added. Transformation efficiencies were very low for plasmid DNA prepared fromE. coli (0.6 transformants mg−1 DNA), although somewhat higher for plasmid DNA prepared fromC. thermosaccharolyticum (52 transformants mg−1 DNA). Transformation-dependent erythromycin resistance indicates that an adenosine methylase gene originating fromEnterococcus faecalis, a mesophile, is expressed inC. thermosaccharolyticum. The plasmid pCTC1 appears to be replicated independently of the chromosome, as indicated by visualization of recovered plasmid on gels, and retransformation using recovered plasmid. pCTC1 is maintained inC. thermosaccharolyticum at both 45 and 60°C. Restriction analysis showed little or no rearrangement occurred upon passage through the thermophile.
Abstract 722: MYB promotes pancreatic tumor associated-desmoplasia by up-regulating Sonic hedgehog and adrenomedullin

Pancreatic cancer (PC) stands as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Unfortunately, even with the emergence of tumor-targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate of PC continues to remain very dismal (∼ 7.0%). The presence of dense desmoplastic region at the tumor site is a prominent pathological characteristic of PC, and tumor-associated desmoplasia is suggested to limit the therapeutic efficacy by acting as a physical barrier for drug delivery. In addition, it plays pivotal roles in promoting the survival and aggressive phenotypes of tumor cells. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that we identify novel gene targets and associated molecular mechanisms accountable for the development of desmoplasia in pancreatic tumors. Our recent study provided first evidence for a role of MYB, an oncogenic transcription factor, in pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. Upon histological examination of orthotopic tumor xenografts derived from MYB-overexpressing and -silenced pancreatic tumor cells, we noticed a positive association of MYB expression with the extent of desmoplastic reaction. This finding was further confirmed by staining the tumor xenograft sections with Collagen-I, fibronectin and a-SMA, the well-characterized markers of desmoplasia. In a co-culture experiment, we observed that MYB-overexpressing pancreatic tumor cells promoted greater proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as compared to the MYB-silenced cells further supporting a role of MYB in desmoplasia. From the mechanistic standpoint, we identified MYB to be novel direct regulator of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and Adrenomedullin (ADM) expression in PC cells as confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Treatments of pancreatic tumor (high or low MYB) and stellate cells co-culture with specific inhibitors and/or recombinant SHH and ADM demonstrated that both SHH and ADM cooperatively mediated the effect of MYB on PC and stellate cells via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. Together, our studies suggest that MYB promotes malignant phenotype of PC not only by directly impacting the tumor cells, but also by altering the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Arun Bhardwaj, Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Nikhil Tyagi, Sumit Arora, Seema Singh, James E. Carter, Ajay P. Singh. MYB promotes pancreatic tumor associated-desmoplasia by up-regulating Sonic hedgehog and adrenomedullin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 722.
Locational sensitivity investigation on PV hosting capacity and fast track PV screening

A 15% PV penetration threshold is commonly used by utilities to define photovoltaic (PV) screening methods where PV penetration is defined as the ratio of total solar PV capacity on a line section to peak load. However, this method doesn't take into account PV locational impact or feeder characteristics that could strongly change the feeder's capability to host PVs. This paper investigates the impact of PV location and phase connection type on PV hosting capacity, and then proposes a fast-track PV screening approach that leverages various PV hosting capacity metric responding to different PV locations and types. The proposed study could help utilities to evaluate PV interconnection requests and also help increase the PV hosting capacity of distribution feeders without adverse impacts on system voltages.
Abstract 12776: Long Term Mortality With Right Ventricular Apical Versus Septal Pacing

Introduction: Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing appears to have detrimental effects on cardiac function and long term outcomes. Right ventricular non-apical (RVNA) pacing, especially in the septal position, has been postulated as an alternative that may lead to less morbidity and mortality. Prior studies have shown conflicting results and been limited by small numbers and short follow-up. We aimed to determine if right ventricular septal lead position was associated with a reduction in long-term mortality compared to RVA lead position. Methods: Patients who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation from 2004 through 2013 were evaluated for right ventricular lead position based on chest radiographs. Lead positions were divided in to apical or non-apical. Non-apical lead positions were subdivided to isolate a septal lead position group. Mortality was compared between these groups. Results: During the study period, 3456 patients underwent dual-chamber pacemaker placement and had images appropriate for lead position evaluation. The group was 53.5% male with a mean age of 74 ± 13 years. RVNA lead position was found in 976 (28.2%) patients, including 243 (7.0%) with a septal position. There was no significant difference in age or prior heart failure diagnosis between groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not reveal a significant difference in mortality between patients with RVA versus RVNA lead position during 5 year follow-up (p = 0.82). However, septal lead position was associated with a significantly lower mortality compared with RVA position (p = 0.03) (figure). Conclusions: Right ventricular septal lead position is associated with a lower long-term mortality than RVA lead position. This has substantial implications regarding the preferred site for ventricular pacing lead placement. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The Rise of Cantonese Opera

Wing Chung Ng's The Rise of Cantonese Opera navigates the social space of commercial Cantonese theater from its rise in the early twentieth century through its decline in the 1930s. Those looking f...
CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE NEPHRON : III. THE HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AMINO ACID DROPLETS

1. The cells of the proximal convolutions of the rat can be filled with fine droplets by the administration of certain amino acids in non-toxic dosage. 2. These minute droplets resemble in their Gram positivity and in their phospholipid and PNA content on biochemical analysis (3) the larger droplets that form in the cells of the proximal convolution during the absorption of certain proteins. 3. The positive or negative reaction to 3 specific histochemical procedures of the fine droplets forming after administration of 7 amino acids gave such a high positive correlation with theoretical assumption as to warrant the following inferences: (a) that the methods are specific under the conditions of the experiment; (b) that the droplets contain a higher concentration of the administered amino acid than the general cytoplasm of the cells which contain them. 4. The mitochondrial rodlets of epithelium of the proximal convolution contain sulfhydryl in high concentration, a finding which correlates well with their enzymatic activity.
The utility of a handheld metal detector in detection and localization of pediatric metallic foreign body ingestion

Abstract Objective To test the ability of a handheld metal detector (HHMD) to identify the presence and location of ingested metallic foreign bodies (MFBs) in children. Methods Prospective case series enrolling children suspected of metallic foreign body ingestion presenting to the Emergency Department. Thirty-eight children were enrolled and the HHMD was used to detect the presence and location of a MFB. Results were compared to standard radiographic studies. Results Thirty-seven of the 38 ingested foreign bodies were MFBs. Of the 37 MFBs, the HHMD positively identified 33, and 4 were missed by HHMD but identified on radiography. When positive, the location indicated by HHMD correlated 100% with radiograph. There were 33 true positives, 0 false positives, 4 false negatives, and 1 true negative. This resulted in a sensitivity of 89% (95% CI of 75%–96%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI of 2.5%–100%). Conclusion Our study demonstrates the accuracy of HHMD in the identification and localization of metallic foreign bodies. We propose an emergency room foreign body protocol that uses HHMD as an early screening tool in triage in order to expedite the process of obtaining Otolaryngology consultation and potentially shorten the wait time to the operating room or discharge. In instances were outside films are previously performed, HHMD use may be able to minimize the overall radiation exposure to children by obviating the need for repeat radiographs. As the sensitivity is not 100%, a negative HHMD screening does not negate the need for a standard radiograph in order to avoid missed MFBs. HHMD is best suited for detection of coins, which accounts for the majority of the MFB ingestions, and may not be suitable for all metallic objects since the amount of metal may decrease its sensitivity.
BACHEEISHDÍIO (PLACE WHERE MEN PACK MEAT)

Bacheeishdiio (“Place Where Men Pack Meat”), now called Grapevine Creek in English, is the subject of Crow oral traditions that document the cultural significance of the landscape and celebrate centuries of bison hunting in the drainage. We report an ongoing, community-based project that integrates archaeological field training and research goals into a collaborative indigenous archaeology project supporting the expressed goal of the Crow Tribal Historic Preservation Office to prepare a district-level nomination for the Grapevine Creek drainage basin. This paper describes findings from field investigations that document buffalo jump locales, a previously unreported bison bonebed, and associated archaeological features in the drainage, grounding Crow oral traditions that document buffalo jumps and large-scale bison hunts firmly into the landscape. We take a holistic approach that incorporates multiple lines of evidence to assess the archaeological record associated with bison jumps and bison hunting on the Crow Reservation in southern Montana. Results of this project include an enriched understanding of the Grapevine Creek archaeological record, greater awareness of buffalo hunting strategies on the northwest Plains, and, through field training, enhanced cultural resource management capabilities for the Crow Tribal Historic Preservation Office.
More Choice Is Always Better

Here’s something that we all know to be wrong in our everyday lives, but which our economist union card bans us from believing while we’re on the job: Utility is nondecreasing in the number of choices.
Targeted sequencing identifies genetic polymorphisms of flavin-containing monooxygenase genes contributing to susceptibility of nicotine dependence in European American and African American.

Background Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death. Early studies based on samples of twins have linked the lifetime smoking practices to genetic predisposition. The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) protein family consists of a group of enzymes that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics. Both FMO1 and FMO3 were potentially susceptible genes for nicotine metabolism process. Methods In this study, we investigated the potential of FMO genes to confer risk of nicotine dependence via deep targeted sequencing in 2,820 study subjects comprising 1,583 nicotine dependents and 1,237 controls from European American and African American. Specifically, we focused on the two genomic segments including FMO1, FMO3, and pseudo gene FMO6P, and aimed to investigate the potential association between FMO genes and nicotine dependence. Both common and low-frequency/rare variants were analyzed using different algorithms. The potential functional significance of SNPs with association signal was investigated with relevant bioinformatics tools. Results We identified different clusters of significant common variants in European (with most significant SNP rs6674596, p = .0004, OR = 0.67, MAF_EA = 0.14, FMO1) and African Americans (with the most significant SNP rs6608453, p = .001, OR = 0.64, MAF_AA = 0.1, FMO6P). No significant signals were identified through haplotype-based analyses. Gene network investigation indicated that both FMO1 and FMO3 have a strong relation with a variety of genes belonging to CYP gene families (with combined score greater than 0.9). Most of the significant variants identified were SNPs located within intron regions or with unknown functional significance, indicating a need for future work to understand the underlying functional significance of these signals. Conclusions Our findings indicated significant association between FMO genes and nicotine dependence. Replications of our findings in other ethnic groups were needed in the future. Most of the significant variants identified were SNPs located within intronic regions or with unknown functional significance, indicating a need for future work to understand the underlying functional significance of these signals.
When Lady Liberty turns a Blind Eye: United States Foreign Policy during the Invasion of Greece, 1940-1941

"I remember hiding in an oven when I was ten," she lamented. "The Germans had broken down our door and were demanding to take all the children away from our parents, probably to kill us first. When they peeked in oven window, I held my breath and prayed that the pots and pans were piled over my head because if not, I would be burned alive. That's when I first knew of fear." 1 The months that followed Thomai Stephan's first encounter with German "hunters" as she deemed them, were no less frightening or menacing than the day she hid in the oven. Soon after the hunters left her village in northern Greece, Thomai and her family labored through a series of barriers to escape her now occupied community. "Oh it was petrifying. They stole all of our animals so that we'd starve; we ran into the caves and hid for days so they wouldn't find us; and when more came in from Macedonia, everyone dug a secret trench with a wooden cover piled under dirt and waited for their footsteps to soften—that day I almost suffocated to death." 2
Microwave-induced resistance oscillations in a back-gated GaAs quantum well

We performed effective mass measurements employing microwave-induced resistance oscillation in a tunable-density GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. Our main result is a clear observation of an effective mass increase with decreasing density, in general agreement with earlier studies which investigated the density dependence of the effective mass employing Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations. This finding provides further evidence that microwave-induced resistance oscillations are sensitive to electron-electron interactions and offer a convenient and accurate way to obtain the effective mass.
Household Socioeconomic Status and Parental Investments: Direct and Indirect Relations With School Readiness in Ghana.

This study examines how parent socioeconomic status (SES) directly and indirectly predicts children's school readiness through pathways of parental investment. Data come from direct assessments with preschool children and surveys with their primary caregivers in Ghana at the start of the 2015–2016 school year (N = 2,137; Mage = 5.2 years). Results revealed SES-related gaps in all parental investment characteristics and child school readiness skills. Preschool involvement served as the primary mediating mechanism in the path from SES to most school readiness skills, though it did not predict executive function. The number of books in the household was marginally positively predictive of early literacy, whereas at-home stimulation was negatively related to motor, literacy, and numeracy skills.
Response to nivolumab in radiation induced, BRCA-2 N372H variant, programed death ligand-1 negative, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma.

61Background: Early results from recent studies using immune checkpoint blockade targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) have suggested that pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcomas may have response rate...
Tau-independent Phase Analysis: A Novel Method for Accurately Determining Phase Shifts:

Estimations of period and phase are essential in circadian biology. While many techniques exist for estimating period, comparatively few methods are available for estimating phase. Current approaches to analyzing phase often vary between studies and are sensitive to coincident changes in period and the stage of the circadian cycle at which the stimulus occurs. Here we propose a new technique, tau-independent phase analysis (TIPA), for quantifying phase shifts in multiple types of circadian time-course data. Through comprehensive simulations, we show that TIPA is both more accurate and more precise than the standard actogram approach. TIPA is computationally simple and therefore will enable accurate and reproducible quantification of phase shifts across multiple subfields of chronobiology.
The medial patellofemoral complex.

The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the medial patellofemoral complex, including recent anatomic advances, evaluation of indications for reconstruction with concomitant pathology, and surgical reconstruction techniques. Recent advances in our understanding of MPFC anatomy have found that there are fibers that insert onto the deep quadriceps tendon as well as the patella, thus earning the name “medial patellofemoral complex” to allow for the variability in its anatomy. In MPFC reconstruction, anatomic origin and insertion points and appropriate graft length are critical to prevent overconstraint of the patellofemoral joint. The MPFC is a crucial soft tissue checkrein to lateral patellar translation, and its repair or reconstruction results in good restoration of patellofemoral stability. As our understanding of MPFC anatomy evolves, further studies are needed to apply its relevance in kinematics and surgical applications to its role in maintaining patellar stability.
TBCRC026: Phase II clinical trial assessing the correlation of standardized uptake value (SUV) on positron emission tomography (PET) with pathological complete response (pCR) to pertuzumab and trastuzumab in patients with primary operable HER2-positive breast cancer.

511Background: Predictive biomarkers to identify patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) that may be treated with targeted therapy alone are of great interest. We hypothesized that early cha...
Gestalt Group Therapy

Gestalt therapy needs no introduction to serious students of psychotherapy. Along with the several good books that have been published recently, almost every theory of psychotherapy textbook contains a chapter about Gestalt therapy. Rapidly increasing is the number of journal articles about Gestalt therapy and its use in a wide range of settings with different patient problems. All of this does not mean that Gestalt therapy is well understood. In fact, I find just the opposite; though widely talked about and “used” by psychotherapist, the conceptual understanding of Gestalt therapy is pretty much superficial.
Fanconi Anemia: Genetic Testing in Ashkenazi Jews

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by progressive pancytopenia, diverse congenital abnormalities, and a predisposition to malignancy, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Hypersensitivity of FA cells to the clastogenic effect of crosslinking agents such as diepoxybutane (DEB) is used as a diagnostic criterion, because phenotypic heterogeneity makes clinical diagnosis difficult. Studies of genetic heterogeneity have shown that there are at least five different complementation groups, FA-A through FA-E. Overall, FA-A is the most prevalent group, accounting for 60%-65% of all FA. The FAA gene, which maps to chromosome 16q24.3, was recently isolated and methods for molecular diagnosis of FA-A are currently being developed. The first FA gene to be isolated (FAC) maps to chromosome 9q22.3; FA-C accounts for 10%-15% of FA. A variety of mutations and polymorphisms have been described in FAC. The most common of these is IVS4 +4 A-->T, which is the only FAC mutation found in Ashkenazi Jewish FA patients and their families. This mutation has not been found in any affected individual of non-Jewish ancestry. The carrier frequency of the IVS4 mutation was found to be 1 in 89 (1.1%; 95% confidence interval 0.79% to 1.56%) in an Ashkenazi Jewish population, whereas no carriers were identified in an Iraqi Jewish population, which represents the original gene pool of the Jews. We have developed amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assays for FAC mutations, which provide a means of rapid, nonradioactive genetic testing. These assays have been used to assign FA patients to Group C, to provide rapid carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis for FA-C families.
17. Aberrant corpus luteum number as a contributor to altered maternal vascular health in early pregnancy and preeclampsia risk after assisted reproduction

Introduction Pregnancies conceived after utilization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia. The pathophysiologic reasons are mainly unknown. Objective We sought to determine if a non-physiologic hormonal milieu influenced by the number of corpora lutea (CL) and the mode of conception affects maternal vascular health in early pregnancy. Methods Blood pressure, endothelial function, circulating endothelial progenitor cell numbers (CPCs), lipid levels, and CL hormones were compared in a prospective cohort of women at 11 to 14 weeks’ gestation by number of CL and mode of conception (N = 57): 0 CL (programmed frozen embryo transfer (FET), N = 18); 1 CL (spontaneous pregnancy after infertility [N = 16] and modified natural cycle FET [N = 12]); or >3 CL associated with in vitro fertilization [N = 11]. Results Women with 0 or >3 CL lacked the drop in mean arterial blood pressure compared to women with 1 CL (P = 0.05; P = 0.05). Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) was impaired in patients lacking a CL compared to women with 1 CL (P = 0.04). Baseline pulse wave amplitude (BPWA) was higher in subjects with >3 CL compared to 1 CL (P = 0.01) or zero (P = 0.01). Suppression of CL development in FET cycles was associated with a lower RHI compared with FETs in a natural cycle (P = 0.03). The number of angiogenic and non-angiogenic CPCs was lower in the absence of a CL in FETs (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04). Relaxin levels correlated with the number of angiogenic CPCs (r = 0.31; P = 0.03). Discussion Maternal vascular health in early pregnancy is altered in women with aberrant numbers of CL (0 or >3), and might represent insufficient cardiovascular adaption leading to an increased risk of preeclampsia.
Patriotism Decoded and Transformed

This paper will examine the evolution and current state of the concept of patriotism from different angles and perspectives. Questions will be raised regarding the inherent positive and negative characteristics of patriotism in its current form, with particular attention paid to the relationships between patriotism and the concepts of whiteness, white privilege, and white supremacy. I suggest that current understandings of patriotism protect and promote the structure of whiteness and white privilege in the United States of America. Lastly, this paper will discuss ways that we can begin to redefine what patriotism is so that the term can become more inclusive of all citizens of our nation as well as become intrinsic in our youth who will lead our country forward.
FoxP3 and Ezh2 regulate Tfr cell suppressive function and transcriptional program

Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are a regulatory T cell subset that controls antibody production by inhibiting T follicular helper (Tfh)-mediated help to B cells. Tfh and Tfr cells possess opposing functions suggesting unique programming. Here we elucidated the transcriptional program controlling Tfr suppressive function. We found that Tfr cells have a program for suppressive function fine-tuned by tissue microenvironment. The transcription factor FoxP3 and chromatin-modifying enzyme EZH2 are essential for this transcriptional program but regulate the program in distinct ways. FoxP3 modifies the Tfh program to induce a Tfr-like functional state, demonstrating that Tfr cells coopt the Tfh program for suppression. Importantly, we identified a Tfr cell population that loses the Tfr program to become "ex-Tfr" cells with altered functionality. These dysfunctional ex-Tfr cells may have roles in modulating pathogenic antibody responses. Taken together, our studies reveal mechanisms controlling the Tfr transcriptional program and how failure of these mechanisms leads to dysfunctional Tfr cells.