cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON DISORDERED SYSTEMS USING CLUSTERS OF MUFFIN-TIN POTENTIALS

Calculations of the electronic states of clusters of atoms have been carried out in recent years for the purpose of representing the states of ordered or disordered solids. We propose a boundary condition to be put on the cluster that should simulate the effect of the system outside the cluster better than the ones presently in use. During the past few years a number of uses for multiple-scattering-cluster calculations have been found for studying electronic states in condensed matter. For example, Johnson [l] and Keller [2] described such calculations at a conference at Menton in September of 1971. We will write out the general equation for the oneelectron Green's function in the neighborhood of a cluster and use this as a basis for a new boundary condition that we propose for use when the cluster is part of a solid. The first step in a cluster calculation is to generate a local one-electron potential function for a given array of atoms. This potential is then approximated by writing it as a sum of non-overlapping spherically symmetric potentials within spheres centered on each atom with the potential in the region between the spheres being a constant. This muffin-tin potential facilitates the use of multiple-scattering theory [3, 41 on the problem because the t-matrices that enter are diagonal in the angular momentum representation. Boundary conditions can be applied to the cluster using a diagonal t-matrix if the cluster is circumscribed by a sphere and the potential in the region outside the sphere is symmetric about the center of the cluster. Taking the origin of the coordinate system to be the center of the cluster, the potential for the system described above may be written as v(r) = vc(r) + v~( r ) (1) where Vc(d = x %(I r Rn I) (2)
Analysis of different computational treatments of highly strained molecules

Abstract The structures, vibration frequencies and bond orders of tetrahedrane and its aza analogues have been calculated and compared at several different computational levels, two of which include correlation contributions. The STO-3G basis is found to produce remarkably good geometries. For each type of bond, the same trend in bond orders is obtained at each computational level.
A binding site for germ cell nuclear factor within c-mos regulatory sequences.

The proto-oncogene c-mos is specifically expressed in male and female germ cells. Previous studies have shown that the orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) contributes to the repression of c-mos in somatic cells by binding to an inverted hexamer repeat within the c-mos regulatory region. In the present study, we demonstrate that another nuclear receptor superfamily member, germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), binds to a sequence overlapping the c-mos COUP-TF binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with recombinant GCNF and both wild-type and mutant c-mos oligonucleotides demonstrated the binding of GCNF to an extended half site, CCAAGTTCA, which overlaps the first hexamer of the COUP-TF binding site. Transient transfection assays in NIH 3T3 cells further demonstrated that GCNF fused to a VP16 activation domain stimulated transcription from reporter constructs containing the c-mos GCNF binding site. Since GCNF is expressed in male and female germ cells at the same stages of development at which c-mos is transcribed, these results suggest that GCNF may serve as a regulator of c-mos transcription. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 55–64, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Insulin sensitivity is unaltered by the use of the Norplant subdermal implant contraceptive.

Prior evaluations of carbohydrate metabolism in Norplant implant users, using the oral glucose tolerance test, have shown mild but clinically insignificant deterioration of insulin sensitivity. Using the more sensitive insulin tolerance test, the effects of the Norplant implant system on insulin sensitivity was studied in normal women. Insulin tolerance tests were performed before Norplant implant insertion in ten ovulatory female volunteers and repeated after 12 weeks of use. Both fasting glucose and fasting insulin values were similar before and after the use of Norplant implants. There was no significant difference in either the Kitt glucose value or the Kitt insulin value at baseline and at 3 months of use. Furthermore, the insulin-to-glucose ratio did not differ before and after the use of Norplant implants. There was a significant correlation with BMI and Kitt glucose value (r = -0.45, p < .05), as well as between fasting insulin and BMI (r = 0.6, p = 0.006). In the first three months of use, the levonorgestrel-containing implant system, Norplant, does not affect sensitivity to insulin or glucose in normal, nondiabetic women.
The influence of obliquity on europan cycloid formation

Tectonic patterns on Europa are influenced by tidal stress. An important well-organized component is associated with the orbital eccentricity, which produces a diurnally varying stress as Jupiter's apparent position in Europa's sky oscillates in longitude. Cycloidal lineaments seem to have formed as cracks propagated in this diurnally varying stress field. Maps of theoretical cycloid patterns capture many of the characteristics of the observed distribution on Europa. However, a few details of the observed cycloids distribution have not reproduced by previous models. Recently, it has been shown that Europa has a finite forced obliquity, so Jupiter's apparent positon in Europa's sky will also oscillate in latitude. We explore this new type of diurnal effect on cycloid formation. We find that stress from obliquity may be the key to explaining several characteristics of observed cycloids such as the shape of equator-crossing cycloids and the shift in the crack patterns in the Argadnel Regio region. All of those improvements of the fit between observaiton and theory seem to require Jupiter crossing Europa's equatorial plane 45 deg. to 180 deg after perijove passage. Suggestive of complex orbital dynamics that lock the direction of Europe's pericenter with the direction of the ascending node at the time these cracks were formed.
An Investigation of the Properties and Applications of the Geiger-Müller Photoelectron Counter*

The construction of a reliable photoelectron counter with a nickel cathode and a quartz envelope is described and an account is given of comparative tests on the measurement of the relative intensities of spectral lines with the counter and by means of photographic spectrophotometry. The counter has a linear response to variations of intensity of light over a wide range. For measuring the relative intensities of spectral lines the counter tube is mounted on a spectrograph behind a slit which moves on the focal plane of the instrument so that spectral lines are measured singly. The application of the counter in spectrochemical analysis is demonstrated and comparative analyses of the same materials by use of the counter and by the method of spectrochemical analysis are given. Studies on the constancy of several spectroscopic sources are described.
Joy Kreeft Peyton, Donald A. Ranard, & Scott McGinnis (eds.), Heritage languages in America: Preserving a national resource . Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Systems, 2001. Pp. vi, 327. Pb $20.95.

This volume, a product of the First National Conference on Heritage Languages in America, held in Long Beach, California, in 1999, opens with the editors' introduction, followed by fourteen chapters within five thematic sections: “Defining the field,” “Shaping the field,” “Educational issues,” “Research and practice,” and “A call to action.” Together, they make a compelling case for the need to preserve and exploit heritage languages in the US as a national resource. The book provides a comprehensive overview of pressing issues and challenges within the growing field of heritage language (henceforth HL) education, and it successfully demonstrates “why those who are involved in the heritage language movement believe that it is important for the United States to preserve its non-English languages” (5). The volume is intended primarily for “educators, community leaders, researchers, grant makers and policymakers” (5), though its clear, nontechnical language makes it accessible to any reader interested in the subject. Its effective thematic organization, likely to appeal to both novice and expert readers, and its overall coherence, accentuated by ample cross-referencing, testify to careful editorial preparation and suggest the desire of all involved to speak with one voice as they build their case and issue a call for action on behalf of heritage languages in the US.
Past Personal History of Dysphoria, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Following Conjugal Bereavement

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the course and risk factors of psychological distress following bereavement, controlling for factors often omitted from studies of grief: psychiatric history, social support, and coping choices of the bereaved. PARTICIPANTS: Spouses of patients hospitalized for serious illness or elective surgery were systematically screened and followed longitudinally through the recovery or death of the hospitalized patient. Of 440 respondents, 154 were bereaved within 2 months. DESIGN AND SETTING: Spouses were interviewed in their homes by trained interviewers at intake and 2, 6, 13, and 25 months postintake. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were measured with the CES-D (depressive symptoms) and the PERI (general anxiety and hopelessness/helplessness) scales. Independent variables were measured with the SADS-L (past personal history of dysphoria) and the Lazarus' Ways of Coping scale as well as sociodemographic measures. MAIN RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of a brief period of dysphoric mood among spouses before the patient's illness was 22%; past personal history of dysphoric mood was related to female sex, smaller networks, and more depression and anxiety during the hospitalization of their spouses. Newly widowed persons with a past history of dysphoria perceived their networks to be relatively nonsupportive, but devoted similar amounts of coping effort to seeking social support and reported similar amounts of social interaction compared with persons with no history of dysphoria. Persons with a past history of dysphoria reported elevated levels of depressive symptoms, general anxiety, and hopelessness/helplessness through 25 months postbereavement, yet their recovery trajectory was similar to those without a past history of dysphoria. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that a past history of subsyndromal symptomatology in conjunction with a stressful life event such as bereavement increases one's vulnerability to excess psychological distress.
Treatment of acne vulgaris with topical clindamycin phosphate: a double-blind study.

ABSTRACT: In a double-blind study, 1% clindamycin phosphate in aqueous-alcohol vehicle was compared with the vehicle alone on the opposite side. Of 29 patients evaluated, the clindamycin-treated side was found to be better in 11, the placebo side was better in four, and both sides were improved in five. No benefit was found in the remaining nine patients. These results were not considered statistically significant. Following discontinuance of treatment a prominent flare was noted in 14 of 19 patients who had previously improved on one side or the other, and this was considered significant (p < .05). One percent clindamycin phosphate in equal parts of alcohol and water is apparently beneficial for some, but not for all patients with inflammatory acne.
Stimulus deprivation increases pineal Gsα and Gβ

: Denervation and other forms of stimulus deprivation cause an increase in the magnitude of subsequent responses, a phenomenon commonly referred to as denervation supersensitivity. This has been well demonstrated with the cyclic AMP response to norepinephrine in the pineal gland. In the present report, we address the question of whether stimulus deprivation alters α and β subunits of the GTP binding regulatory protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity (Gs). Stimulus deprivation of the pineal gland was produced by denervation (superior cervical ganglionectomy), decentralization of the superior cervical ganglia, or by exposure of the animal to continuous lighting. All increased both the α and β subunits of Gs (Gsα and Gβ) by up to fourfold, as estimated using semiquantitative western blot technology. These effects were detectable after 1 day of stimulus deprivation and were sustained for 2 weeks. The stimulatory effects of constant light-induced stimulus deprivation were also apparent by measuring cholera toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation of Gsα, which revealed a fourfold increase in the amount of labeled substrate. The results of in vivo studies were confirmed with in vitro studies, which demonstrated a spontaneous increase in both Gsα and Gβ during 72 h of organ culture. The constant light-induced increases in both Gsα and Gβ were prevented by continuous administration of isoproterenol (0.3 mg/kg/day), supporting the suggestion that adrenergic stimulation controls the levels of Gsα and Gβ. These studies indicate that stimulus deprivation increases both Gsα and Gβ. It appears that such increases play a central role in generating supersensitivity in the pineal gland and may play a role in supersensitivity in other systems.
Bedside Musical Care: Applications in Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Neonatal Care

Although music therapy in health care settings is not new, bringing live music to the bedside is a new way of extending the caring tradition of nursing practice. Bedside musical care is consistent with a philosophy of holistic nursing practice and can be used during pregnancy, childbirth, and in neonatal care. It is defined as live music at the bedside, which is part of a treatment plan to foster integrity, well-being, and health for varied populations across the life span.
Quantum chaos, complex spectral representations and time symmetry breaking

As has been shown in recent publications, classical chaos leads to complex irreducible representation of the evolution operator (such as the Perron-Frobenius operator for chaotic maps). Complex means that time symmetry is broken (appearance of semi-groups) and irreducible that the representation can only be implemented by distribution functions (and not by trajectories). A somewhat similar situation occurs in Hamiltonian nonintegrable systems with continuous spectrum (“Large Poincare Systems” LPS), both in classical and quantum mechanics. The elimination of Poincares divergences requires an extended formulationof dynamics on the level of distribution functions (or density matrices). This applies already to simple situations such as potential scattering in the case of persistent interactions. There appear characteristic delta-function singularities in the density matrices in momentum representation. Our theory predicts then dissipative processes corresponding to the destruction of invariants of motion throuh Poincare resonances. This prediction is quantitative agreement with extensive numerical simulations presented here. We concentrate in this paper on potential scattering. We discuss also briefly a simple model of a many-body system (the so called “perfect Lorentz gas”). In both cases we obtain irreducible spectral representations which we consider as the signature of “chaos”. We solve the eigenvalue problem for the Liouville-von Neumann operator for the class of singular density matrices corresponding to persistent scattering. This leads to a complex spectral representation in which cross sections appear as eigenvalues. Our previous results [see our previous paper in Chaos, Solitons & Fractals (1991)] obtained by “subdynamics theory” are now derived through the solution of the eigenvalue problem for singular distributions. Our results can be tested by numerical simulations. Again the agreement is excellent. Note that our results cannotbe derived from conventional quantum theory for probability amplitudes. We have therefore here a simple example of a quantum theory which goes beyond the traditional Schrodinger formulation. As already mentioned, our theory is formulated on the level of density matrices. Wave functions corresponding to persistent scattering (and therefore to singular density matrices) “collapse” as the result of Poincare divergences. We obtain therefore a unified formulation of quantum theory without any appeal to extra dynamical concepts (such as many worlds, influence of environment,…). The appearance of chaos for LPS through the formulation of complex irreducible representations on the level of density matrices solves therefore not only the “time paradox” as it introduces time symmetry breaking on the microscopic level, but eliminates also the old standing epistemological problems of quantum theory associated to measurement and to decoherence.
Wireless integrated circuit for 100-channel neural stimulation

We present the design of an integrated circuit for wireless neural stimulation, along with bench-top and in-vivo experimental results. The chip has the ability to drive 100 individual stimulation electrodes with constant-current pulses of varying amplitude, duration, interphasic delay, and repetition rate. The stimulation is done using a biphasic (cathodic and anodic) current source, injecting and retracting charge from the nervous system. Wireless communication and power are achieved over a 2.765-MHz inductive link. Only two off-chip components are needed to operate the stimulator: a 10-nF capacitor to aid in power supply regulation and a coil for power and command reception. The chip was fabricated in a commercially available 0.6-mum 2P3M BiCMOS process. The chip was able to activate motor fibers to produce muscle twitches via a Utah Slanted Electrode Array implanted in cat sciatic nerve, and to activate sensory fibers to recruit evoked potentials in somatosensory cortex.
Conserving the Stage: Climate Change and the Geophysical Underpinnings of Species Diversity

Conservationists have proposed methods for adapting to climate change that assume species distributions are primarily explained by climate variables. The key idea is to use the understanding of species-climate relationships to map corridors and to identify regions of faunal stability or high species turnover. An alternative approach is to adopt an evolutionary timescale and ask ultimately what factors control total diversity, so that over the long run the major drivers of total species richness can be protected. Within a single climatic region, the temperate area encompassing all of the Northeastern U.S. and Maritime Canada, we hypothesized that geologic factors may take precedence over climate in explaining diversity patterns. If geophysical diversity does drive regional diversity, then conserving geophysical settings may offer an approach to conservation that protects diversity under both current and future climates. Here we tested how well geology predicts the species diversity of 14 US states and three Canadian provinces, using a comprehensive new spatial dataset. Results of linear regressions of species diversity on all possible combinations of 23 geophysical and climatic variables indicated that four geophysical factors; the number of geological classes, latitude, elevation range and the amount of calcareous bedrock, predicted species diversity with certainty (adj. R 2 =0.94). To confirm the species-geology relationships we ran an independent test using 18,700 location points for 885 rare species and found that 40% of the species were restricted to a single geology. Moreover, each geology class supported 5–95 endemic species and chi-square tests confirmed that calcareous bedrock and extreme elevations had significantly more rare species than expected by chance (P,0.0001), strongly corroborating the regression model. Our results suggest that protecting geophysical settings will conserve the stage for current and future biodiversity and may be a robust alternative to species-level predictions.
Multi-modality fusion of neuroimaging data in predicting abnormal cognitive decline in aging

between the two groups. Results: Regional analyses were performed and direct comparisons of the Jacobian maps revealed that the AAMI group demonstrated significantly greater longitudinal atrophy in the right frontal and right temporal lobes as well as the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus relative to the NC group (p<0.05; corrected for multiple comparisons using permutation tests). In contrast, the NC group did not show any area of greater brain volume loss relative to the AAMI group. Conclusions: The diagnosis of AAMI was associated with increased rate of brain atrophy relative to NC subjects in regions that are affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AAMI may be diagnostically useful in identifying individuals with early signs of underlying pathology who may be in the prodromal stages of AD.
Associations between childhood obesity and upper and lower extremity injuries

Objectives To estimate the overall and age-specific associations between obesity and extremity musculoskeletal injuries and pain in children. Methods This cross-sectional study used information from electronic medical records of 913178 patients aged 2e19 years enrolled in an integrated health plan in the period 2007e2009. Children were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or moderately/ extremely obese and, using multivariable logistic regression methods, the associations between weight class and diagnosis of upper or lower extremity fractures, sprains, dislocations and pain were calculated. Results Overweight (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.20), moderately obese (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.27) and extremely obese (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.39) children had statistically significantly higher odds of lower extremity injuries/pain compared to normal weight, adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity and insurance status. Age-stratified analyses yielded similar results. No consistent association was observed between body mass index and injuries/pain of the upper extremities. Conclusions Greater body mass index is associated with increased odds of lower extremity injuries and pain issues. Because the benefits of physical activity may still outweigh the risk of injury, attention should be paid to injury prevention strategies for these children at greater risk for lower extremity injuries.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS LIGNOCAINE ON CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS DURING ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY

The effects of intravenous lignocaine and atropine in preventing cardiac arrhythmias were evaluated in forty-five psychiatric patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. During the electrical shock a more prolonged asystole was observed in the lignocaine than in the atropine group. During the tonic-clonic seizure ventricular extrasystoles appeared in six atropinized patients. During the postconvulsive period fourteen patients premedicated with atropine exhibited ventricular extrasystole and tachycardia, whereas in five pretreated with lignocaine auriculoventricular block was noted. Lignocaine pretreatment significantly reduced the duration of the somatic convulsion. It is concluded that lignocaine is a valuable premedicant for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with ventricular arrhythmias or when atropine administration is contraindicated.
Reliability of the Quantitative Angiographic Measurements in the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) Registry: A Comparison of Clinical Site and Repeated Angiographic Core Laboratory Readings

Abstract To assess the agreement of clinical site and angiographic core laboratory readings obtained in the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) registry, we reviewed the angiographic results obtained in 787 lesions assessed both by the sites and the core laboratory, including 135 lesions analyzed twice (≥2 months apart) by the angiographic core laboratory. Although moderate agreement was demonstrated between the clinical site and angiographic core laboratory for qualitative lesion morphology such as lesion calcium (kappa [κ] = 0.42), only fair agreement was found between site and core laboratory estimation of lesion ulceration (κ = 0.33); thrombus (κ = 0.30); and eccentricity (κ = 0.27); with poor agreement for angulation (κ = 0.16); and proximal vessel tortuosity (κ = 0.03). Agreement for qualitative morphology was better for repeated core laboratory readings of lesion eccentricity (κ = 0.75); angulation (κ = 0.72); thrombus (κ = 0.68); proximal vessel tortuosity (κ = 0.66); and calcification (κ = 0.64). Quantitative angiographic measurements correlated moderately between the clinical site using the digital caliper method and the core laboratory using the automated edge-detection method, including preprocedural percentage diameter stenosis (intraclass correlation [R] = 0.50) and postprocedural percentage diameter stenosis (R = 0.63). Repeated core laboratory readings had almost perfect agreement, with R ranging from 0.88 for postprocedural percentage diameter stenosis to 0.93 for reference vessel diameter and pre- and postprocedural minimal lumen diameters. Repeated angiographic core laboratory readings provided highly consistent quantitative and qualitative morphologic results in the NACI registry, but the core laboratory readings varied substantially from those obtained at the clinical site. More standardized angiographic analytic criteria and core laboratory feedback to investigators may improve agreement between the clinical sites and the angiographic core laboratory in subsequent studies.
A survey on smart grid metering infrastructures: Threats and solutions

Without a reliable metering and communication infrastructure, the smart grid could become a catastrophe to national security and economy. A true smart grid infrastructure should detect all existing and predict future threats through intrusion detection methods. Smart grids are susceptible to various physical and cyber-attack as a result of communication, control and computation vulnerabilities employed in the grid. The paper provides a comprehensive study on types of threats and solutions on smart grid communication and metering infrastructures. As a part of this survey, the smart grid metering infrastructures susceptibilities and recommended remedial actions are identified. In addition, the paper details types of known attacks on existing metering infrastructure and defensive methodologies.
Emerging patterns of epigenomic variation

Fuelled by new sequencing technologies, epigenome mapping projects are revealing epigenomic variation at all levels of biological complexity, from species to cells. Comparisons of methylation profiles among species reveal evolutionary conservation of gene body methylation patterns, pointing to the fundamental role of epigenomes in gene regulation. At the human population level, epigenomic changes provide footprints of the effects of genomic variants within the vast nonprotein-coding fraction of the genome, and comparisons of the epigenomes of parents and their offspring point to quantitative epigenomic parent-of-origin effects confounding classical Mendelian genetics. At the organismal level, comparisons of epigenomes from diverse cell types provide insights into cellular differentiation. Finally, comparisons of epigenomes from monozygotic twins help dissect genetic and environmental influences on human phenotypes and longitudinal comparisons reveal aging-associated epigenomic drift. The development of new bioinformatic frameworks for comparative epigenome analysis is putting epigenome maps within the reach of researchers across a wide spectrum of biological disciplines.
Exchange Rates and the Choice of Ownership Structure of Production Facilities

The aim of this research is to study the effects of real exchange rates on the long-term ownership strategies of production facilities of firms entering foreign markets. Among the strategies considered are exporting (EXP), joint ventures with local partners (JV), and wholly owned production facilities (WOS) in the foreign country. Our research takes a first step in modeling the influence of exchange rates on the choice and dynamic adjustment of such strategies. The insights obtained from our modeling analysis are then translated into testable hypotheses and empirically verified with the use of firm level data from U.S. multinational corporations (both at the firm and a more aggregate level). An insightful result of our model is the identification of a hysteresis phenomenon that characterizes switching behavior between strategies in the presence of switchover cost. The magnitude of the hysteresis band, which is a measure of the inertia associated with keeping the current ownership structure, is affected by a multiplicity of factors such as exchange rate volatility and market power of the entering firm. Analytical and numerical results on the effects of such factors on the hysteresis band are provided. The four testable hypotheses generated from our modeling analysis are rigorously tested with the use of a multinomial logit model on data obtained from the Harvard Multinational Enterprise database, and a data set maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the U.S. Department of Commerce. The empirical results strongly support our insights that relatively depreciated real exchange rates (i.e., weak home currency) favor (a) the JV over the WOS and (b) EXP mode over the WOS or JV. Finally, we summarize our results into useful guidelines for global production managers.
Biological effects of low-temporal, average-intensity, pulsed ultrasound

Studies with both plant and animal tissues show that, when the tissues contain micron-sized, stabilized gas bodies, pulsed ultrasound can produce damage at very low time-averaged intensities. However, it is the temporal peak intensity rather than the time-averaged intensity that is closely correlated with the effects observed. The data suggest that there may be thresholds for damage at peak intensities within an order of magnitude of 10 W/cm2.
Modeling Use of Space from Social Media Data Using a Biased Random Walker

Individuals and other entities move through space as a function of local characteristics of place, their internal behavioral models, and the topological structure of the underlying space. When a collection of locations (i.e. geotagged photos or other geotagged social media information) from a large number of individuals is assembled, it becomes possible to understand the interrelationship between the individuals and the space they occupy. This research systematically considers this interrelationship through an examination of the effect of the intersection of behavioral and spatial characteristics on individuals moving on street networks. The research illustrates how social media data, in combination with a biased random walker, can be used to understand and model the interaction of spatial structure and social-environmental factors on influencing individuals' use of their environment. The biased walker offers a flexible approach to incorporate consideration of both social-environmental and structural factors into a model and we demonstrate this through a case study wherein we are able to use the random walker to model the characteristics of Flickr users in New York City.
Joys and Sorrows of Literary Translation: a Tale of Two Poets

La novela de Maria-Merce Marcal trata igualmente de traduccion y de poesia. La biografia ficcionalizada de Tarn / Vivien incluye algunas de las composiciones de la poeta de nacimiento ingles y expresion francesa, traducidas o re-escritas por Marcal al catalan. Cito dos pasajes del primer capitulo que hablan de la composicion de poemas, en las tres versiones: la original, la castellana de Pilar Giralt Gorina, y la mia al ingles. Concluyo describiendo algunas de las diferencias linguisticas que aparecen en las traducciones en los tres idiomas, con algunas soluciones posibles.
Retinoic acid induces a G1 cell cycle block in HeLa cells.

SummaryEvidence is presented that retinoic acid-induced anchorage dependent growth of HeLa cells is cell cycle dependent. Spinner cultures of retinoic acid-inhibited cells were blocked in the G1 phase and this block was reversed by simultaneous removal of retinoic acid and attachment of the cells to a plastic tissue culture surface. Studies with a synchronized cell population demonstrated that the retinoic acid had to be added during or before late S phase if the cells were to be blocked in the subsequent G1 phase. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that vitamin A establishes normal growth controls to some transformed cells.
Entry of phosphate into yeast cell

Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has often been selected for study of active, or metabolically associated, salt accumulation. Particular attention has been devoted to the esterification of phosphate in this process and to the nature of coupling with a source of energy. The accumulation of phosphate has been considered as coupled to: A, the general reactions of glycolysis (10); B, the action of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (6,16); C, a redox pump (4,5) and D, oxidations in the respiratory chain under aerobic conditions (14). With these concepts in mind, the manner of phosphate entry into yeast was examined by the methods of quantitative enzyme kinetics applied by C. E. Hagen and his associates (7) to analysis of phosphate entry into barley roots. The initial objective was to compare phosphate accumulation by Baker's yeast and barley roots, particularly with respect to aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in the hope of more clearly understanding the aerobic requirement of barley roots. Results obtained indicate that phosphate entry into yeast is coupled with three distinct reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, one of which is aerobic and the other two anaerobic.
Risk Factors in Schizophrenia: The Stony Brook High-risk Project

The goals of the Stony Brook HighRisk Project are to identify precursor patterns, environmental stressors, and protective factors that are differentially predictive of psychopathology. In phase I we assessed 219 families and 544 children aged 7-15, including 31 families and 80 children with a schizophrenic parent, 70 families and 154 children with a unipolar depressed parent, 58 famines and 134 children with a bipolar parent, and 60 normal control families with 176 children. A 3-year followup was conducted on 84 percent of the sam
A psychoacoustic-masking model to predict the perception of speech-like stimuli in noise

In this paper, a time/frequency, multi-look masking model is proposed to predict the detection and discrimination of speech-like stimuli in a variety of noise environments. In the first stage of the model, sound is processed through an auditory front end which includes bandpass filtering, squaring, time windowing, logarithmic compression and additive internal noise. The result is an internal representation of time/frequency "looks" for each sound stimulus. To detect or discriminate a signal in noise, the listener combines information across looks using a weighted d' detection device. Parameters of the model are fit to previously measured masked thresholds of bandpass noises which vary in bandwidth, duration, and center frequency (JASA 101 (1997) 2789). The resulting model is successful in predicting masked thresholds of spectrally shaped noise bursts, glides, and formant transitions of varying durations. The model is also successful in predicting the discrimination of synthetic plosive CV syllables in a variety of noise environments and vowel contexts.
Nickel acetate-induced mortality in mice of different ages.

Nickel has been shown to be related to a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions spanning a broad spectrum of events from gamete formation to the attainment of sexual maturity. There is, however, little, if any data available in regard to nickel toxicity in animals of different ages and sex. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course and extent of nickel-induced lethality in juvenile male and female mice and to compare juvenile responses to those in adult mice of both sexes.
A Framework for Guidance and Counselling of the Gifted in a School Setting

This article describes differential guidance for the gifted and how the curriculum can be modified and adapted to promote self-realization. A major view is that guidance and counselling should be an integral and integrated part of the school programme. Parent education programmes are described as well as group approaches within the education system. Referral problems and related guidance intervention strategies are also presented. Three areas of special concern—gifted females, culturally diverse gifted children, and the handicapped gifted child—are also noted. The thesis of the article is that it is critically important for guidance and counselling personnel to have a framework for defining their role in working with the gifted within the educational setting.
The sum of Rademacher functions and Hausdorff dimension

For 0 < α < 1, let for 0 ≤ x < 1, where is the sequence of Rademacher functions. We give a class of fα so that their graphs have Hausdorff dimension 2 − α. The result is closely related to the corresponding unsolved question for the Weierstrass functions.
Memory effects in the momentum orientation relaxation of optically excited plasmas in semiconductors

Summary form only given. Optical excitation of electron-hole plasma in semiconductor yields, in general, anisotropic momentum distributions of the excited charge carriers. The initial anisotropy of the excited conduction band electrons is different for the contribution resulting from excitation from the heavy-hole valence band and that of the light-hole valence band. It seems intuitively clear that,if at all, such memory effects should be most important in the fastest relaxation processes. For this reason, we have begun to study memory effects in the momentum orientation relaxation. The theoretical basis of our analysis are the equations of motion for the the full two-time one-particle Green's function.
Aneurysmal Right Coronary Artery to Left Ventricle Fistula Associated with Atrial Septal Defect and Aortic Insufficiency: Surgical Considerations: A Case Report

A sixty-seven-year-old woman with effort intolerance and presyncope was noted to have a congenital aneurysmal right coronary artery to left ventricular fistula, an ostium secundum atrial septal defect, and severe aortic insufficiency. This is the first case reported with this combination of cardiac anomalies. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization, coronary angiography, and aortography. Aortic valve replace ment, closure of the atrial septal defect, and ligation of the right coronary artery to left ventricle fistula were performed without incident. The patient has remained asympto matic since surgery.
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the maxilla : a case report and literature review

Abstract Background Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare tumor of odontogenic origin. It was first described as a clinicopathological entity in 1985, and since then, several case reports have been published. Methods We present a patient with CCOC treated at the University of Florida and review the pertinent literature. Results We treated a 52-year-old woman with CCOC of the maxilla. She received a maxillectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (RT). She developed pulmonary metastases 2 years after treatment. She remains alive and asymptomatic 7 years after completing treatment and has not required additional therapy. The literature search yielded 48 other case reports. The median age at presentation was 53 years (mean, 55 years), the female-to-male ratio was 2:1, and the most common site of presentation was the mandible. Three patients presented with submandibular lymphadenopathy. Most patients had a surgical resection (35 patients, 71%); the remainder underwent curettage. Six (12%) patients received postoperative RT. Eighty percent of patients who were initially treated with curettage developed a local recurrence. Local and/or regional recurrences occurred in 34% of patients who underwent surgical resection. Six patients developed distant metastatic disease; the most common site of the metastases was the lung. Seven patients died from or with the disease, and 3 are alive with the disease. Conclusions Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma is a rare tumor of the mandible and maxilla that has the propensity for local destruction and the potential for lymphatic and hematogenous metastases. We recommend radical excision as the primary treatment and that adjuvant RT be added for those who have close or positive margins as well as those with lymph node metastases.
Is Cystatin C a promising marker of renal function, at birth, in neonates prenatally diagnosed with congenital kidney anomalies?

Despite the increased prenatal diagnosis of congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), no reliable renal marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been validated yet in neonates. Cystatin C (CysC) is specific to the neonate and is proposed as a sensitive marker for this population. The aims of the study were first to define a reference interval in our center of CysC at birth in normal term babies and assess CysC as a marker of GFR in a group of term neonates prenatally diagnosed with CAKUT compared to controls.
Estimation of the Nb-Ti-Ta phase diagram

The Nb-Ti-Ta ternary alloy system has been studied experimentally using x-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and measurements of the superconducting critical temperature. This information, together with additional analysis of the thermodynamics of the system, has been used to develop an improved picture of the Nb-Ti and Ta-Ti binary phase diagrams, and the Nb-Ti-Ta ternary phase diagram. The experimental phase diagrams differ in several respects from published versions of the binaries, and the kinetics of the /spl alpha/-Ti precipitation reaction is invoked to explain some of these inconsistencies. The principle differences lie in the position of the (/spl alpha/+/spl beta/)//spl beta/ phase boundary in the Nb-Ti binary, which appears to be pushed to higher Nb contents than in the presently accepted phase diagram. An improved ternary phase diagram can be used to suggest alternative alloys and processing to provide high field, high current density Nb-Ti-Ta superconductors for magnet applications.
Periodic forcing of inhibition-stabilized networks: Nonlinear resonances and phase-amplitude coupling

Inhibition-stabilized networks ISNs are neural architectures with strong positive feedback among pyramidal neurons balanced by strong negative feedback from inhibitory interneurons, a circuit element found in the hippocampus and the primary visual cortex. In their working regime, ISNs produce damped oscillations in the -range in response to inputs to the inhibitory population. In order to understand the properties of interconnected ISNs, we investigated periodic forcing of ISNs. We show that ISNs can be excited over a range of frequencies and derive properties of the resonance peaks. In particular, we studied the phase-locked solutions, the torus solutions, and the resonance peaks. Periodically forced ISNs respond with possibly multistable phase-locked activity, whereas networks with sustained intrinsic oscillations respond more dynamically to periodic inputs with tori. Hence, the dynamics are surprisingly rich, and phase effects alone do not adequately describe thei¾ network response. This strengthens the importance of phase-amplitude coupling as opposed to phase-phase coupling in providing multiple frequencies for multiplexing and routing information.
Integral Urbanism: A Context for Urban Design

This chapter reviews the broad tendency within contemporary urban design to draw inspiration from natural systems. Described as “integral urbanism,” these practices draw inspiration from ecosystems, thresholds, ecotones, tentacles, rhizomes, webs, and more. Integral urbanism demonstrates functional, social, disciplinary and professional re-integration. In contrast to the modernist attempt to remove spatial boundaries or postmodernist fortification, integral urbanism generates permeable membranes and emphasizes movement through space as well as time via circulation systems and built-in flexibility. The resulting urban design pays attention to borders, edges, and networks. It values system diversity and is dynamic and self-adjusting through feedback mechanisms. Integral urbanism infuses the inherent wisdom of nature with contemporary sensibilities arising primarily from new technologies. This quiet revolution in the field of urban design figures within a larger reorientation in Western society that might be characterized as a shift from acceleration, accumulation, irony, and escapism towards slowness, simplicity, sincerity, and sustainability.
Seed Shatter Dates of Antelope Bitterbrush in Oregon

Seed shatter dates for antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata [Pursh] DC) were estimated from collections at 192 sites in Oregon and surrounding states. Shatter date was strongly correlated to elevation (r = 0.74) and an equation that included elevation, latitude, longitude, and longitude squared explained 79% of the variation in seed shatter dates. In general, earlier shatter dates were associated with more southerly latitudes, easterly longitudes, and lower elevations. Examination of climatic data confirmed the expectation that earlier shatter dates were associated with warmer sites. This information can assist those needing to schedule seed collection activities at multiple locations.
Instructional Needs of College-Level Learners of Japanese as a Heritage Language: Performance-Based Analyses

This paper reports a study comparing the reading performances (i.e., comprehension and speed in reading Japanese texts) and oral skills of intermediate and advanced learners of Japanese at an American university. The study assessed the performance of 14 heritage learners, who spoke Japanese at home and/or went to a Japanese school in the U.S., against that of 11 Chinese learners with extensive knowledge of kanji (Chinese characters used to write Japanese) in their first language (L1), and 14 non - heritage learners without such knowledge in their L1s. As anticipated, the heritage learners were found to have high oral proficiency. Their weakness, however, was not underdeveloped reading proficiency, as anticipated, but insufficient knowledge of kanji. The paper discusses the importance of recognizing the instructional needs of heritage learners studying a language that uses kanji in writing, and suggests some pedagogical methods to satisfy their needs.
Islet Transplantation as a Treatment for Diabetes

To the Editor: We respectfully disagree with two points in Robertson's comprehensive review of islet transplantation (Feb. 12 issue)1: the assertions that patients with diabetes and autonomic insufficiency have a “dramatically shortened life span” and that transplantation necessarily reduces the rate of death. In the cited articles and an additional article by Navarro et al.,2 most persons with diabetes had autonomic insufficiency. In fact, autonomic insufficiency lost its statistical significance after adjustment for renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in two population-based studies.3,4 When Navarro et al. compared pancreas-transplant recipients with medically treated patients, mortality rates were indistinguishable.2 Robertson states that “when successful, pancreas transplantation is particularly effective,” but we would argue that analyzing mortality rates after successful procedures as compared with unsuccessful procedures introduces bias. Although successful pancreas (or islet) transplantation may improve the quality of life, glycemic control, and other factors, such analyses understate transplantation-related risks. One of us and our colleagues recently reported increased mortality rates during the first four years after transplantation in patients with diabetes and preserved kidney function who were given a pancreas transplant as compared with those who were awaiting a transplant.5