cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of the Cell‐Dyn 3500 to Predict Leukemic Cell Lineage in Peripheral Blood of Dogs and Cats

Background — Morphology and cytochemistry are the foundation for classification of leukemias in dogs and cats. Advances in automated hematology instrumentation, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular biology are significantly improving our ability to recognize and classify spontaneous myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Objective — The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of flow cytometry‐based light scatter patterns provided by the Cell-Dyn 3500 (CD3500) automated hematology analyzer to predict the lineage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood of dogs and cats. Methods — Leukemic cells from 15 dogs and 6 cats were provisionally classified using an algorithm based on the CD3500 CBC output data and were subsequently phenotyped by enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, indirect flow cytometry, and analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangement. Results — The algorithm led to correct predictions regarding the ontogeny of the leukemic cells (erythroid/megakaryocytic potential, myeloid leukemia, monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, lymphoid leukemia) in 19/21 animals. Mismatches in the WBC impedance count and the WBC optical count in conjunction with microscopic assessment of blasts in the blood were useful for predicting myeloproliferative disorders with erythroid or megakaryocytic potential.The leukocyte light scatter patterns enabled distinction among myeloid leukemias (represented by acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia) and lymphocytic leukemias (including acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias). One case of acute lymphocytic leukemia was misidentified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusions — Algorithmic analyses can be applied to data generated by the CD3500 to predict the ontogeny of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood of dogs and cats. This rapid and quantitative technique may be used to improve diagnostic decisions, expand therapeutic choices, and increase prognostic accuracy. (Vet Clin Pathol. 2002;31:167-182)
Histological Study of the Dentition of Tautoga onitis

The teeth of the fish Tautoga onitis resemble human teeth in gross appearance and histological composition. In the coronal part of the root connective tissue fibers were inserted into the cementum. Bone was fused or ankylosed with cementum externally and fused with dentin internally, There was no identifiable true periodontal membrane in anterior or posterior teeth.
Thyroid collection of radioactive iodide and serum protein-bound iodine concentration in senescence, in hypothyroidism and in hypopituitarism.

IN normal senescence, there is a gradual reduction in basal metabolic rate as well as a decrease in basal body temperature (1). These phenomena have been attributed to decreased activity of the thyroid gland in the aged. Anatomic studies have revealed atrophy of the acini, decrease in the colloid and iodine content, and decrease in the number of dividing cells in the senile gland as compared to the gland of young adults (2). Thus there is both clinical and morphologic evidence to suggest decreased thyroid activity in the senile individual. Although there has been much speculation as to the cause of senile “hypothyroidism,” no experimental data have been presented to elucidate this aspect of the problem. Primary failure of the thyroid to supply adequate hormone has been considered to be the cause of this hypometabolic state (2, 3). Others have postulated that pituitary hypofunction is the primary cause (1).
ARCHITECTURE AND NATION BUILDING IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: CONSTRUCTION OF THE NATIONAL STADIUM OF BEIJING FOR THE 2008 OLYMPICS

ABSTRACT:This study examines the relationship between architecture and nation building in the age of globalization, with an analysis of the debates and controversies about the National Stadium, the main sports venue for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. The article argues that nationalism, along with the cultural ideology of global consumerism, drives the production of flagship architectural projects in China. The dilemma between nationalism and global consumerism has led state politicians and bureaucrats to opt for a global architectural language to narrate national ambitions. The study reveals the rationale underlying the search for global architecture among political elites in China, as well as its mixed consequences for local cultural discourses and politics.
Fermion threshold energy states

We show that for a three-dimensional non-relativistic spinor confined on a plane, the spin-up component obeys the same equation of motion as a two-dimensional spinor. Threshold energy solution is investigated when the electron is moving in the vortex field. It can be proved from the index theorem that the existence of the threshold states depends on the magnetic flux only, not on the magnetic field configuration.
Automatic labelling of foreign-accented speech

This paper describes the automatic labelling of a Spanish-accented corpus of Mexican students of English as a second language. Some preprocessing is done prior to perform forced alignment with a hidden Markov models-based speech recognizer trained with the TIMIT database. Maximum likelihood linear regression adaptation is used to improve the phone segmentation. The labelling results are fair, but still not good enough for practical applications.
Risk assessment for sudden death syndrome of soybean in the north-central United States.

Abstract Over the past 20 years, sudden death syndrome, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines , has emerged as an important production problem in the southern part of the US soybean belt. More recently, the disease has appeared in some production areas of the north-central US, and soybean producers there are concerned that it will become more prevalent in the future. Temperature, moisture, and cold stress response functions for sudden death syndrome were derived in controlled experiments and used with long-term monthly temperature and rainfall normals and regional data on soil moisture storage capacity in a generic pest risk model to determine the potential geographical range of the disease. The analysis suggests that sudden death syndrome is restricted by low moisture west of the Missouri River, and by cold stress north of 43–44 degrees latitude. It is further suggested that production areas in the heart of the north-central region, including large parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, are located within the range favorable for the disease. These results will be important for allocation of resources for resistance breeding and disease management research. ©
Crystallization of Mount St. Helens 1980–1986 dacite: A quantitative textural approach

Quantitative measurements of crystal size distributions (CSDs) have been used to obtain kinetic information on crystallization of industrial compounds (Randolph and Larson 1971) and more recently on Hawaiian basalts (Cashman and Marsh 1988). The technique is based on a population balance resulting in a differential equation relating the population densityn of crystals to crystal sizeL, i.e., at steady staten =no exp(−L/itGτ), whereno is nucleation density,G is the average crystal growth rate,τ is the average growth time, and the nucleation rateJ =noG. CSD (Inn vsL) plots of plagioclase phenocrysts in 12 samples of Mount St. Helens “blast” dacite and 14 samples of dacite from the 1980–1986 Mount St. Helens dome are similar and averageGτ = 9.6 (± 1.1) × 10−3 cm andno = 1−2 × 106 cm−4. Reproducibility of the measurements was tested by measuring CSDs of 12 sections cut from a single sample in three mutually perpendicular directions; precision of the size distributions is good in terms of relative, but not necessarily absolute values (± 10%). Growth and nucleation rates for plagioclase have been calculated from these measurements using time brackets ofτ = 30–150 years; growth ratesG are 3−10 × 10−12cm/s, and nucleation ratesJ are 5−21 × 10−6/cm3 s.G andJ for Fe-Ti oxides calculated from CSD data areG = 2−13 ± 10−13 cm/sec andJ = 7−33 × 10−5/cm3 s, respectively. The higher nucleation rate and lower growth rate of oxides resulted in a smaller average crystal size than for plagioclase. Sizes of plagioclase microlites (<0.01 mm) in the blast dacite groundmass have been measured from backscatter SEM photographs. Nucleation of these microlites was probably triggered by intrusion of material into the cone of Mount St. Helens in spring 1980. This residence time of 52 days gives minimum crystallization estimates ofG = 1−3 × 10−11 cm/s andJ = 9−16 × 1O3/cm3 s. The skeletal form of the microlites provides evidence for nucleation and growth at high values of undercooling (ΔT) relative to the phenocrysts. A comparison of nucleation and growth rates for the two crystal populations (phenocrysts vs microlites) suggests that while growth rate seems to be only slightly affected by changes inΔT, nucleation rate is a very strong function of undercooling. A comparison of plagioclase nucleation and growth rates measured in the Mount St. Helens dacite and in basalt from Makaopuhi lava lake in Hawaii suggests that plagioclase nucleation rates are not as dependent on composition. Groundmass textures suggest that plagioclase microphenocrysts crystallized at depth rather than in the conduit, in the dome, or after extrusion onto the surface. Most of this crystallization appears to be in the form of crystal growth (coarsening) of groundmass microphenocrysts at small degrees of undercooling rather than extensive nucleation of new crystals. This continuous crystallization in a shallow magmatic reservoir may provide the “overpressurization” needed to drive the continuing periodic domebuilding extrusions, which have been the pattern of activity at Mount St. Helens since December 1980.
160 Gbit/s binary-to-quaternary amplitude shift keying encoding in the optical domain.

160 Gbit/s all-optical binary-to-quaternary amplitude shift keying format conversion is carried out in a nonlinear optical fiber. This scheme, which also acts as a 2 bit digital-to-analog convertor, has been confirmed through Q-factor measurements.
On material balances for chemically reacting systems

Abstract This paper is concerned with the relationship between element and species material balances for steady-state chemically reacting systems. Conditions are given under which element and species balances are equivalent and can be used interchangeably. The number of independent equations furnished by both the species and element balances as well as conditions for a proper specification of information are deduced. A method for constructing a maximal set of independent reactions is presented.
Decomposition of regional metropolitan and nonmetropolitan income inequality

This paper examines the inequality characteristics for regional per capita personal income in metropolitan and nonmetropolian areas. Total inequality is disaggregated into between and within portions. The findings show no statistically significant differences between metro and nonmetro. For both metro and nonmetro during the early 1970s decade, there was a general trend toward equality whereby the nonmetro areas’ income approached the metro areas’ income but showed significant divergences thereafter. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00DH021 00005
Tissue repressor concentration and target enzyme level

Abstract Relationships between liver-creatine concentration and L -arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (EC 2.6.2.1) activity have been explored in the closed system of the developing chick embryo. Liver-creatine concentrations were increased over the endogenous level by injecting various amounts of creatine or its biosynthetic precursors into eggs on the 7th day of incubation. Embryonic livers were harvested on the 12th day and assayed for creatine and amidinotransferase activity. From these experiments a curve of liver-amidinotransferase activity vs. liver-creatine concentration was obtained. Amidinotransferase activity is markedly sensitive to creatine concentrations below 0.3 mg per g of liver; above 0.5 mg of liver there is almost complete repression. Yolk sac amidinotransferase is also repressed by injected creatine or guanidinoacetate. Factors other than the endogenous creatine level appear to be responsible for the normal 70% decline in embryonic liver-amidinotransferase activity from the 12th to 18th day of incubation. Neither the N-ethyl analogue of creatine, creatinol sulfate, nor N- amidino - DL - alanine repressed the target enzyme. Evidence is presented that guanidinoacetate represses only after conversion to creatine. Creatine, or phosphorylcreatine, appears to be the specific metabolite-repressor of amidinotransferase. An analogy of creatine with recognized hormones is suggested: creatine is synthesized by liver at a rate responsive to needs and transported via the blood to target organs, brain and muscle, where it modulates tissue function.
Death, Taxes, and the Genetic Code?

The genetic code is an enduring feature of biology: only rare circumstances result in changes to translation of the code, at least in nature. Researchers are devising methods to engineer ribosome-synthesized polypeptides containing novel and potentially useful amino acids.
Similarity as an organising principle in short-term memory.

Abstract The role of stimulus similarity as an organising principle in short-term memory was explored in a series of seven experiments. Each experiment involved the presentation of a short sequence of items that were drawn from two distinct physical classes and arranged such that item class changed after every second item. Following presentation, one item was re-presented as a probe for the ‘target’ item that had directly followed it in the sequence. Memory for the sequence was considered organised by class if probability of recall was higher when the probe and target were from the same class than when they were from different classes. Such organisation was found when one class was auditory and the other was visual (spoken vs. written words, and sounds vs. pictures). It was also found when both classes were auditory (words spoken in a male voice vs. words spoken in a female voice) and when both classes were visual (digits shown in one location vs. digits shown in another). It is concluded that short-term ...
Vitamin E inhibition of the effects of hyperoxia on the pulmonary surfactant system of the newborn rabbit.

Vitamin E Inhibition of the Effects of Hyperoxia on the Pulmonary Surfactant System of the Newborn Rabbit
Community of fate

Abstract This paper argues that culture has become a contested issue among a community of strangers in Los Angeles. Immigrants are at once expected to show allegiance to “American culture” and be multicultural. Among themselves immigrants are engaging in projects to preserve their “ancestral cultures” and to create new ones if none existed before. When old immigrants face economic competitions from co-ethnic newcomers, “culture” is deployed to justify cultural authenticity.
Noise-induced intermittency of a reflexive model with symmetry-induced equilibrium manifold

Abstract We discuss a route to intermittency based on the concept of reflexivity, namely on the interaction between observer and stochastic reality. A simple model mirroring the essential aspects of this interaction is shown to generate perennial out of equilibrium condition, intermittency and 1 / f -noise. In the absence of noise the model yields a symmetry-induced equilibrium manifold with two stable states. Noise makes this equilibrium manifold unstable, with an escape rate becoming lower and lower upon time increase, thereby generating an inverse power law distribution of waiting times. The distribution of the times of permanence in the basin of attraction of the equilibrium manifold are analytically predicted through the adoption of a first-passage time technique. Finally we discuss the possible extension of our approach to deal with the intermittency of complex systems in different fields.
Implementation of a package of tools for manipulation of sums

This paper describes the design and implementation of a prototype package of tools for manipulating formal mathematics in a graphics and symbolic computation system. Our particular example is the manipulation of formal sums. We define a 'sum' datatype in a more general way than in current algebra systems such as Macsyma. We use integer intervals or other sets as the domain of summation. At each step of an interactive computation, the names of possibly appropriate rules are presented for further transformations. Further study is necessary to determine if this kind of prompting is generally useful.
Kinetic detection method for thin-layer chromatography

Abstract The feasibility of using kinetic detection and simultaneous kinetic methods for the determination of species separated on thin-layer chromatographic plates has been explored. The proposed method was tested by monitoring the reaction of ninhydrin with leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. The results obtained using three instruments (two scanning instruments and an imaging instrument) were compared. Although none of the instruments provided ideal results, the premise of the kinetic approach for the in situ quantification of analytes was shown to be valid. The possibility of using kinetic methods to resolve responses from overlapped species was also investigated, and shows promise for improving the overall resolution of thin-layer chromatographic methods. A discussion of the instrumental requirements for successful utilization of the kinetic detection method is also given.
Equivalent gravity modes - An interim evaluation.

The behavior of the main solar semidiurnal tidal mode in a dissipative atmosphere is studied both in a rotating spherical atmosphere and by means of the equivalent gravity mode approximation. Coefficients are chosen to crudely simulate the effects of molecular viscosity and conductivity. Major findings are: (1) Below 130 km, where friction is unimportant, equivalent gravity mode results are, for all practical purposes, identical to those at the equator obtained from a spherical calculation. (2) Above 130 km amplitudes over the equator obtained from the spherical calculation are about 30 percent smaller than those obtained from the equivalent gravity mode calculations. Also, there is a 15 deg (1/2 hour) difference in phase. (3) The amplitude reduction over the equator, is associated with a broadening of the latitude distribution of amplitude for the oscillatory pressure and temperature fields within the thermosphere. There is also significant variation of phase with latitude within the thermosphere. Associated with the above variations are significant changes in the latitude distribution of horizontal velocity within the thermosphere.
Hemispheric asymmetry of movement

Studies in brain-damaged patients indicate that the left hemisphere in right-handers is specialized for controlling cognitive-motor tasks in both arms. Recent functional imaging data support this conclusion, with the finding that ipsilateral, as well as contralateral, movements activate the left, but not the right, motor cortex or association areas of either hemisphere. Future studies must aspire to identify the mechanisms for this asymmetry.
Anomalous Pressure Dependence of the Superconducting Transition Temperature of Dilute Alloys of LaSn 3 Containing Light Rare Earth Impurities

The pressure dependences of the crystalline electric field (CEF) splittings and certain physical properties ascribed to the scattering of conduction electrons by localized magnetic and nonmagnetic states in several rare earth (RE) systems have been found difficult to reconcile with existing theories. Studies of the interesting case of the magnetic behavior of isolated RE ions in a metallic environment are often hampered by a lack of experimental sensitivity when the RE impurity concentration is sufficiently lowered to avoid inter-impurity interaction effects. However, if a suitable superconducting host can be found, information regarding the magnetic State of such impurities in high dilution is easily extracted from measurements of the concentration dependence of the superconducting transition temperature Tc.
Cationic ultraviolet curable coatings from castor oil

Coatings formulated from castor oil glycidyl ether (COGE), epoxy resin UVR 6100, and photoinitiator UVI 6990 produced smooth coatings with excellent gloss and good flexibility, adhesion, gloss retention, and water resistance. Formulations containing up to 50% COGE afforded promising coating performance attributes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 8–13, 2000
In Vitro Activity of Netilmicin, Gentamicin, and Amikacin

The in vitro activity of netilmicin (Sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin, was compared with that of gentamicin and amikacin. One hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested using both agar and broth dilution techniques. Netilmicin was comparable to gentamicin, with the following exceptions: (i) for Serratia marcescens and P. aeruginosa, gentamicin was more active than netilmicin; (ii) all strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii, which were resistant to gentamicin, were susceptible to netilmicin; (iii) some strains of S. marcescens, indole-positive Proteus, and Providencia, which were resistant to gentamicin, were susceptible to netilmicin. Netilmicin was more active than amikacin for all Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus and equal to amikacin in activity against gentamicin-susceptible strains of P. aeruginosa. All strains of P. aeruginosa, resistant to gentamicin, were also resistant to netilmicin but were susceptible to amikacin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) obtained with broth and agar showed no significant differences except for P. mirabilis, where broth MICs were twofold greater than agar MICs, and for P. aeruginosa, where agar MICs were twofold higher than broth MICs. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was either identical to or within one twofold dilution of the MIC for the strains tested. A 100-fold increase in inoculum size produced less increase in MIC and MBC with netilmicin than with gentamicin or amikacin.
USE OF OSCILLATORY SHEAR TO STUDY FLOW BEHAVIOR OF FRESH CEMENT PASTE

Abstract Low-amplitude oscillatory shear was used to study the flow behavior of fresh cement paste. Three cements were studied, slightly different in their particle size distributions, at w/c levels of 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. The results indicated that the suspensions were flocculated and behaved as viscoelastic solids. The storage modulus values for cement paste in its low-strain linear-viscoelastic region ranged from 14 to 24 kPa. As strain was increased above some critical level, the storage modulus values decreased; this critical strain for cement paste was approximately 10−4. As w/c was increased, the storage modulus tended to decrease and the critical strain decreased slightly.
The evolution of expression: S. S. Curry's debt to elocution

A salient characteristic of the expression movement was its avowed rejection of elocutionary methodology. No expressionist attacked elocution with more vehemence than S. S. Curry. In his most famous work, The Province of Expression, Curry included a detailed refutation of elocutionary theory from Sheridan to Delsarte. Although Curry and his followers were later attacked by academicians such as Woolbert and Parrish for abandoning the best accomplishments of elocution, the criticism was probably unjustified. A close examination of Curry's later writings and unpublished manuscripts and lectures reveals a considerable debt to elocutionary ‐methods and principles.
Evidence that a separate particle containing B-apoprotein is present in high-density lipoproteins from perfused rat liver

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) (1.075 < d < 1.175) from perfusates of rat liver, unlike those of blood plasma, contain protein with the properties of B-apolipoprotein. This protein remains near the origin upon electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, has β electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, is insoluble in tetramethylurea, and precipitates with antisera to the B-apoprotein isolated from low-density lipoprotein. B-apolipoprotein in HDL from perfusates binds to concanavalin-A Sepharose and can thus be separated from the characteristic HDL, the chemical and physical properties of which are otherwise preserved. These observations suggest that in addition to the discoidal lipoproteins, another particle that contains B-apoprotein exists in HDL of perfusates.
Effect of Growth Temperature on the Lipid Composition of Cyanidium caldarium II. Glycolipid and Phospholipid Components

Cyanidium caldarium was grown at 20 and 55 C and harvested during exponential growth phase. Lipids were extracted and separated by silicic acid column and thin layer chromatography. The major glycolipids were identified as mono- and digalactosyl diglyceride and sulfolipid. Major phospholipids were identified as phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The cells grown at 20 C contained significantly larger quantities of these glycolipids and phospholipids than cells grown at 55 C. Fatty acid analysis showed that in all cases the cells grown at 20 C contained more unsaturated fatty acids than the cells grown at 55 C. Cells grown at 55 C were shown to lack linolenic acid, in contrast to cells grown at 20 C, which contained appreciable quantities in certain lipid components. For example, monogalactosyl diglyceride had 57% of its fatty acids in the form of linolenic acid. Cells grown at 55 C were 10 to 15 C more stable to disruption by heating than cells grown at 20 C. The greater thermostability of the latter was attributed to a higher degree of saturation of their membrane fatty acids.
Position-specific Suppression and Enhancement of HIV-1 Integrase Reactions by Minor Groove Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide Deoxyguanine Adducts IMPLICATIONS FOR MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN INTEGRASE AND DNA SUBSTRATES

The viral protein HIV-1 integrase is required for insertion of the viral genome into human chromosomes and for viral replication. Integration proceeds in two consecutive integrase-mediated reactions: 3'-processing and strand transfer. To investigate the DNA minor groove interactions of integrase relative to known sites of integrase action, we synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides containing single covalent adducts of known absolute configuration derived from trans-opening of benzo-[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide by the exocyclic 2-amino group of deoxyguanosine at specific positions in a duplex sequence corresponding to the terminus of the viral U5 DNA. Because the orientations of the hydrocarbon in the minor groove are known from NMR solution structures of duplex oligonucleotides containing these deoxyguanosine adducts, a detailed analysis of the relationship between the position of minor groove ligands and integrase interactions is possible. Adducts placed in the DNA minor groove two or three nucleotides from the 3'-processing site inhibited both 3'-processing and strand transfer. Inosine substitution showed that the guanine 2-amino group is required for efficient 3'-processing at one of these positions and for efficient strand transfer at the other. Mapping of the integration sites on both strands of the DNA substrates indicated that the adducts both inhibit strand transfer specifically at the minor groove bound sites and enhance integration at sites up to six nucleotides away from the adducts. These experiments demonstrate the importance of position-specific minor groove contacts for both the integrase-mediated 3'-processing and strand transfer reactions.
Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of a quadruply bonded dimolybdenum(II) complex containing the water-soluble phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA)

Abstract The quadruply bonded molybdenum(II)–molybdenum(II) complex, tetrachlorotetrakis(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) dimolybdenum(II), Mo 2 Cl 4 (PTA) 4 , was synthesized by reaction of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) with K 4 [Mo 2 Cl 8 ] in refluxing methanol. The complex was characterized using 1 H and 31 P NMR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. The Mo–Mo separation in the solid state structure is 2.13 A, with the PTA and chloride ligands in an eclipsed arrangement with a P–Mo–Mo–Cl twist angle of 1.75(3)°. The 31 P NMR spectrum contains a single peak at −62.8 ppm, and the 1 H NMR spectrum exhibits two singlets of equal height at 4.60 and 4.33 ppm. The UV–Vis spectrum contains three absorbance features at 615, 363, and 231 nm, with the absorbance at 615 nm due to the δ → δ* transition. The one electron oxidation of Mo 2 Cl 4 (PTA) 4 is reported at E 1/2 = 0.91 V relative to Ag/Ag + in CH 2 Cl 2 . Also discussed is the reactivity of the molybdenum complex with CN − , H 2 O, and HCl.
Production, Characterization, and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Acremonium coenophialum

Monoclonal antibodies were produced using intact mycelium of the fungus Acremonium coenopbialum as the immunogen. During the initial stages of characterization, the antibodies were found to react to A. coenophialum, A. loliae, Epichloe typhina, and also to cross-react with some other fungi normally associated with tall fescue. Careful selection of the ELISA system in which the antibodies were used eliminated reactions to all but the two Acremonium spp. and E. typhina. Asa result it was possible to detect Acremonium spp. (presumably A. coenophialum) sensitively and unambiguously in leaf tissue of tall fescue. Zusammenfassung Monoklonale Antikorper gegen Acremonium coenophialum wurden produziert, indem intaktes Myzel des Pilzes als Imunogen verwendet wurde. Es wurde beobachtet, das, wahrend der anfanglichen Stadien der Charakterisierung, die Antikorper gegen A. coenophialum, A loliae und Epichloe typhina reagierten. Kreuzreaktionen mit einigen anderen Pilzarten, die mit dem Rohrschwingelgras (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) haufig assoziiert sind, waren aber auch zu beobachten. Durch vorsichtiges Auswahlen des ELISA-Systems, bei dem die Antikorper verwendet wurden, wurde deren Reaktion nur gegen die zwei Acremonium spp. und E. typhina begrenzt. Dadurch war es moglich, Acremontum spp. (vermutlich A. coenophialum) im Blattgewebe des Rohrschwingelgrases auf eine empfindliche und eindeutige Art und Weise nachzuweisen.
Differential investment in twin offspring by female pronghorns (Antilocapra americana)

Differential investment in offspring has been reported for many mammals, often in the context of the Trivers– Willard model of male-biased investment, but evidence of differential investment in pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) is largely lacking. We assessed the causes and consequences of different birth masses of littermate fawns in a pronghorn population in Oregon. The mass differential for co-twins ranged from 0% to 89% (median ¼ 8.35%). Male-biased investment explained the mass differential in opposite-sex litters but not same-sex litters. The mass differential did not result from mothers producing 1 normal-size fawn and 1 runt fawn, and the smaller fawn was not deficient in physiological condition. Only 29% of fawns survived to 8 weeks and both fawns died in 56% of litters, but co-twin mortalities were largely separate events. Mass did not confer a survival advantage when considering all fawns through age 8 weeks, but there was evidence of such an advantage when comparing fawns within litters before age 18 days. Differential investment in fawns might be a bet-hedging strategy in which the mother accepts a lower expected reproductive success in exchange for a lower variance, but neither the mean nor the variance differed between mothers of different-size (.8.35% mass differential) and similar-size (,8.35%) litters. In fact, there was evidence of increased reproductive success for mothers of different-size litters, much of which stemmed from higher survival 4–6 days after birth. Having different-size fawns reduced the chances of sequential mortality, in which a predator killed one fawn then returned to kill the other.
Anemia in pediatric dialysis patients in end-stage renal disease network 5.

To identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with failure to achieve hemoglobin levels ≥11 g/dl in prevalent pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, a cross-sectional analysis of patient clinical data collected by the Mid-Atlantic Renal Coalition in conjunction with the 2000 and 2001 ESRD Clinical Performance Measures Projects was performed. Ninety-nine patients (mean age 12.6 years, SD 5.4) contributed 119 observations to this analysis. Of patients on hemodialysis, 36.6% were anemic, and 39.5% of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) were anemic. Associations between age, race, gender, assigned cause of ESRD, Kt/V, transferrin saturation, time on dialysis, serum albumin, dialysis modality, and the achievement of target hemoglobin were examined. In multivariate logistic regression analyses examining age, dialysis modality, time on dialysis, and serum albumin, each 1-year increase in age was significantly associated with hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.32] and PD patients were more than twice as likely to have hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl (adjusted OR 2.62, 95% CI 0.98–7.04). Patients on dialysis for 6 months or more were less likely to be anemic than those on dialysis for less than 6 months (adjusted OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.99). In conclusion, increasing age, dialysis for less than 6 months, and treatment with PD were predictive of anemia in this population.
MECHANISTICALLY DIFFERENT CATALYTIC ANTIBODIES OBTAINED FROM IMMUNIZATION WITH A SINGLE TRANSITION-STATE ANALOG

Abstract The variable-region peptide sequence and steady-state kinetic behavior are compared for a family of catalytic antibodies that arose from the same immune response to a transition-state analog. The crystal structure of the most catalytically active member of the family (17E8) has been solved to 2.5 A resolution and shows that the antibody active site contains a SerH99-HisH35 (H = heavy chain) catalytic dyad analogous to the Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad of serine proteases. The variable-region peptide sequence of the next most active antibody (29G11) differs from that of 17E8 by nine heavy-chain point mutations, and results from computer modeling suggest that the three-dimensional structure of 29G11 is similar to that of 17E8. In addition, 29G11 is an efficient catalytic antibody; it possesses 26% of the hydrolytic activity of 17E8. There is one active-site mutation in 29G11 compared to 17E8; position 99 of the heavy chain of 29G11 contains a glycine residue in place of the nucleophilic serine at this position in 17E8. Consistent with this mutation, results from pH-rate studies and hydroxylamine partitioning experiments indicate that in contrast to the catalytic mechanism of 17E8, the mechanism of 29G11-catalyzed esterolysis does not feature nucleophilic catalysis.
Promoting intervention fidelity: Conceptual issues, methods, and preliminary results from the EARLY ALLIANCE prevention trial

Fidelity refers to the demonstration that an experimental manipulation is conducted as planned. In outcome research, an intervention can be said to satisfy fidelity requirements if it can be shown that each of its components is delivered in a comparable manner to all participants and is true to the theory and goals underlying the research. Demonstrating the fidelity of an intervention is a key methodologic requirement of any sound prevention trial. This paper summarizes key conceptual and methodologic issues associated with intervention fidelity, and describes the steps taken to promote fidelity in EARLY ALLIANCE, a large-scale prevention trial currently testing the effectiveness of family, peer, and school interventions to promote competence and reduce risk for conduct disorder, substance abuse, and school failure. The paper presents preliminary results (Trial Year 1) that demonstrate content and process fidelity for two of these interventions, and discusses how the EARLY ALLIANCE methodology may be generalized to address fidelity issues in other prevention studies.
Changeover behavior and preference in concurrent schedules.

Pigeons were trained on a multiple schedule of reinforcement in which separate concurrent schedules occurred in each of two components. Key pecking was reinforced with milo. During one component, a variable-interval 40-s schedule was concurrent with a variable-interval 20-s schedule; during the other component, a variable-interval 40-s schedule was concurrent with a variable-interval 80-s schedule. During probe tests, the stimuli correlated with the two variable-interval 40-s schedules were presented simultaneously to assess preference, measured by the relative response rates to the two stimuli. In Experiment 1, the concurrently available variable-interval 20-s schedule operated normally; that is, reinforcer availability was not signaled. Following this baseline training, relative response rate during the probes favored the variable-interval 40-s alternative that had been paired with the lower valued schedule (i.e., with the variable-interval 80-s schedule). In Experiment 2, a signal for reinforcer availability was added to the high-value alternative (i.e., to the variable-interval 20-s schedule), thus reducing the rate of key pecking maintained by that schedule but leaving the reinforcement rate unchanged. Following that baseline training, relative response rates during probes favored the variable-interval 40-s alternative that had been paired with the higher valued schedule. The reversal in the pattern of preference implies that the pattern of changeover behavior established during training, and not reinforcement rate, determined the preference patterns obtained on the probe tests.
Experimental Study of Adiabatic Water Liquid-Vapor Two-Phase Pressure Drop Across an Array of Staggered Micro-Pin-Fins

This study concerns pressure drop of adiabatic water liquid-vapor two-phase flow across an array of 1950 staggered square micro-pin-fins having a 200×200 micron cross-section by a 670 micron height. The ratios of longitudinal pitch and transverse pitch to pin-fin equivalent diameter are equal to 2. An inline immersion heater upstream of the micro-pin-fin test module was employed to produce liquid-vapor two-phase mixture, which flowed across the micro-pin-fin array. The test module was well insulated to maintain an adiabatic condition. Four maximum mass velocities of 184, 235, 337, and 391 kg/m2 s, and a range of vapor qualities for each maximum mass velocity were tested. Measured pressure drop increases drastically with increasing vapor quality. Nine existing two-phase pressure drop models and correlations were assessed. The Lockhart-Martinelli correlation for laminar liquid-laminar vapor combination in conjunction with a single-phase friction factor correlation proposed for the present micro-pin-fin array provided the best agreement with the data.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Mutagenicity of a series of hexacoordinate rhodium(III) compounds

15 cobalt(III) compounds have been tested for DNA-damaging capabilities using an E. coli differential repair assay and for mutagenicity in strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 4 of these compounds were active in both systems. Although the general ligand requirements for genetic activity of cobalt(III) appear to closely parallel those of chromium(III) and rhodium(III), the genetic activity of cobalt compounds seems particularly dependent upon the structure of the ligands coordinated about the metal ion. By a simple methyl substitution on the organic ligands, a compound completely devoid of activity, e.g. trans-[Co(pyr)4Cl2]Cl, could be made slightly mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains e.g. trans-[Co(3-pic)4Cl2]Cl. Substitution at the 4-position rather than the 3-position on the same pyridine ring, e.g. trans-[Co(4-pic)4Cl2]Cl, results in a 50-fold enhancement of activity in both repair and mutagenesis systems. The difference in genetic activity is attributed to the influence of the ligands on the relative lability of the metal complex.
Treatment of epileptic falling spells with ethosuximide.

We used ethosuximide as an adjunctive anticonvulsant drug in 19 children with multiple seizure types in whom the primary and most troubling seizure was falling to the ground. All patients were having multiple, daily falls, intractable to phenobarbital, valproic acid, and clonazepam. Seizures were characterized and quantitated by video-electroencephalographic telemetry. Twelve children became completely free of epileptic falls on ethosuximide. Four children showed a 50–75% decrease in the number of falls while 3 showed no change in frequency of falls. All children had an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) prior to starting ethosuximide with generalized bursts of spike and wave in a frequency range of 1–4 cycles per second (cps). The only EEG abnormality common to those patients who became free of epileptic falls with ethosuximide treatment was a generalized, synchronous 4 cps discharge. Our experience suggests that ethosuximide may be a valuable adjunctive treatment for epileptic falling spells that occur in the context of multiple seizure types.
A diagnostic study of subgrid‐scale activation

[1] Using large-eddy simulations (LESs) of six observed boundary layer cases as benchmark data sets, we diagnosed vertical velocity as the sum of the grid-mean () and the subgrid-scale w using an empirical method we have developed. We have found that the subgrid-scale w is best characterized by the root-mean square of w′2. The vertical velocity is expressed in the form of w = + c, where c is diagnosed from LES data to be 0.24. The w is then used to diagnose the cloud droplet numbers using a simple predictive equation of cloud nucleation following previous works in the literature. Good agreement is found between diagnosed cloud droplet concentrations and predicted cloud droplet concentrations using an LES model.
Effects of halothane on calcium2+-Activated tension of the contractile proteins and calcium2+ uptake and release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skinned human myocardial fibers

Based on studies using skinned myocardial fibers from animals, it has been postulated that one of the major mechanisms by which halothane depresses myocardial contractility is by decreasing the Ca 2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In this study we examined, in skinned human myocardial fibers, the effects of halothane on Ca 2+ -activated tension development of the contractile proteins and Ca 2+ uptake and release by the SR. Left ventricular muscle samples obtained from patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass operations were mechanically skinned and immersed in test solutions equilibrated with N 2 and halothane preceded and followed by immersion in control solution (no halothane). To study Ca 2+ -activated tension development of the contractile proteins, free Ca 2+ concentrations in the bathing solutions were buffered by EGTA. To study Ca 2+ uptake and release by the SR, Ca 2+ was loaded into the SR and released with caffeine and the resulting tension transients were measured. Halothane (1%-3%) depressed maximum Ca 2+ -activated tensions (pCa = -log[Ca 2+ ](M) = 3.8) by 5% for each 1% increase in concentration. Tensions generated by submaximum Ca 2+ concentrations expressed as a percentage of maximum tension were not significantly decreased by halothane except at 3%. Halothane decreased Ca 2+ uptake (IC 50 =1.7%), and increased (by approximately 50%) Ca 2+ release by the SR. We conclude that decreased activation of the contractile proteins and Ca 2+ uptake by the SR can both contribute to the myocardial depression produced by halothane. Of these, decreased Ca 2+ uptake by the SR is probably a major mechanism for halothane depression of myocardium.
Comment on “Extreme electric fields power catalysis in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase”

Fried et al. (Reports, 19 December 2014, p. 1510) demonstrated a strong correlation between reaction rate and the carbonyl stretching frequency of a product analog bound to ketosteroid isomerase oxyanion hole mutants and concluded that the active-site electric field provides 70% of catalysis. Alternative comparisons suggest a smaller contribution, relative to the corresponding solution reaction, and highlight the importance of atomic-level descriptions.
Analysis of time-series MODIS 250 m vegetation index data for crop classification in the U.S. Central Great Plains

Abstract The global environmental change research community requires improved and up-to-date land use/land cover (LULC) datasets at regional to global scales to support a variety of science and policy applications. Considerable strides have been made to improve large-area LULC datasets, but little emphasis has been placed on thematically detailed crop mapping, despite the considerable influence of management activities in the cropland sector on various environmental processes and the economy. Time-series MODIS 250 m Vegetation Index (VI) datasets hold considerable promise for large-area crop mapping in an agriculturally intensive region such as the U.S. Central Great Plains, given their global coverage, intermediate spatial resolution, high temporal resolution (16-day composite period), and cost-free status. However, the specific spectral–temporal information contained in these data has yet to be thoroughly explored and their applicability for large-area crop-related LULC classification is relatively unknown. The objective of this research was to investigate the general applicability of the time-series MODIS 250 m Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets for crop-related LULC classification in this region. A combination of graphical and statistical analyses were performed on a 12-month time-series of MODIS EVI and NDVI data from more than 2000 cropped field sites across the U.S. state of Kansas. Both MODIS VI datasets were found to have sufficient spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions to detect unique multi-temporal signatures for each of the region's major crop types (alfalfa, corn, sorghum, soybeans, and winter wheat) and management practices (double crop, fallow, and irrigation). Each crop's multi-temporal VI signature was consistent with its general phenological characteristics and most crop classes were spectrally separable at some point during the growing season. Regional intra-class VI signature variations were found for some crops across Kansas that reflected the state's climate and planting time differences. The multi-temporal EVI and NDVI data tracked similar seasonal responses for all crops and were highly correlated across the growing season. However, differences between EVI and NDVI responses were most pronounced during the senescence phase of the growing season.