cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolic cold adaptation and developmental plasticity in metabolic rates among species in the Fundulus notatus species complex

1. In ectotherms, temperature and body size are the most influential and well studied variables affecting metabolic rate. Understanding mechanisms driving the evolution of metabolic rates is crucial to broader ecological theory. The metabolic cold adaptation hypothesis (MCA) makes predictions about the evolution of ectotherm metabolic rates and temperature-metabolic rate reaction norms. 2. We examined intra and interspecific patterns in metabolic rate among populations in the Fundulus notatus species group (F. notatus, F. olivaceus and F. euryzonus). We ask if patterns of intra and interspecific variability in metabolic rate are consistent with the MCA and if metabolic rates in general are developmentally plastic. 3. Support for the MCA was mixed among intra and interspecific tests. The northern population of F. olivaceus had increased metabolic rate and no difference in temperature sensitivity (slope of temperature-metabolic rate reaction norm). Northern populations of F. notatus had lower temperature sensitivity and no difference in overall metabolic rate. The southern coastal drainage endemic (F. euryzonus) had intermediate metabolic rates compared to southern populations of the other two more broadly distributed species. Metabolic rates were also developmentally plastic. Adults reared at warmer temperatures had lower metabolic rates after accounting for body size and temperature. 4. Differences in thermal regimes explain some variability in metabolic rates among populations consistent with MCA. However, interspecific comparisons are not consistent with MCA and are likely influenced by species differences in ecology and life history strategies.
Progressive polyradiculoneuropathy due to intraneural oxalate deposition in type 1 primary hyperoxaluria

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in the alanine-glyoxalate aminotransferase (AGXT) gene which encodes the hepatic enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). AGT is responsible for converting glyoxylate into glycine. When the enzyme is deficient or defective, glyoxylate accumulates and is converted to oxalate. Oxalate cannot be metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys 4. In PH1, high urinary levels of oxalate lead to kidney stones and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals within the renal tubules and parenchyma, which results in progressive renal fibrosis. As kidney function declines, oxalate production increasingly exceeds renal oxalate clearance. Plasma oxalate levels rise, and insoluble calcium oxalate crystals are deposited in tissues throughout the body, including the kidney, heart, bone, blood vessels, retina, muscle, skin, and nerve. Hemodialysis is needed to remove oxalate from the body, but removal is incomplete, and even when it is intensive, dialysis is often insufficient to prevent progressive systemic oxalate deposition 5,6,7. Because oxalate removal with dialysis is incomplete, the treatment of choice for patients with PH1 and poor kidney function, is combined liver/ kidney transplantation. Liver transplantation is required in the majority of PH type 1 patients to restore the hepatic enzyme defect and protect the renal allograft from recurrent oxalate nephropathy. Significant neurologic improvement in patients with neuropathy has been noted following combined liver and kidney transplantation 8. Only a few case reports have described the nerve pathology associated with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Demyelination (particularly at the internodes) and axonal degeneration have been reported,1 and some case reports describe crystals in nerve 1,3. The characterization and location of these crystals within nerve has not been well described, and their pathological significance has remained unclear 1,3. In each of these case reports, the patient had significant systemic oxalosis with deposition of oxalate into multiple tissues, whereas the patient we describe had oxalosis affecting peripheral nerve preferentially without other clinically discernible extrarenal manifestations. Approval by our Institutional Review Board and Biospecimens Committee was received for this study.
Magnetic detector for projectiles in tubes

A new wall-mounted, magnetic detector is presented for measuring projectile passage times in tubes. The detector has the advantages of simplicity over laser and microwave techniques and has other advantages over the electrical contact wire technique. Representative data are presented. The detector is shown to be very insensitive to strong pressure waves and combustion, but able to detect the passage of the projectile (carrying one or two magnets) clearly. Two modes of operation of the detector are described and the use of these detectors to measure projectile velocities, accelerations, and spin rates is discussed.
The expanding family of dendritic cell subsets.

The recent identification of human CD141+ dendritic cells as a counterpart of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells may be useful in developing vaccines and immunotherapies.
Counterion Atmosphere and Hydration Patterns near a Nucleosome Core Particle

The chromatin folding problem is an exciting and rich field for modern research. On the most basic level, chromatin fiber consists of a collection of protein-nucleic acid complexes, known as nucleosomes, joined together by segments of linker DNA. Understanding how the cell successfully compacts meters of highly charged DNA into a micrometer size nucleus while still enabling rapid access to the genetic code for transcriptional processes is a challenging goal. In this work we shed light on the way mobile ions condense around the nucleosome core particle, as revealed by an extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. On a hundred nanosecond time scale, the nucleosome exhibited only small conformational fluctuations. We found that nucleosomal DNA is better neutralized by the combination of histone charges and mobile ions compared with free DNA. We provide a detailed physical explanation of this effect using ideas from electrostatics in continuous media. We also discovered that sodium condensation around the histone core is dominated by an experimentally characterized acidic patch, which is thought to play a significant role in chromatin compaction by binding with basic histone tails. Finally, we found that the nucleosome is extensively permeated by over a thousand water molecules, which in turn allows mobile ions to penetrate deeply into the complex. Overall, our work sheds light on the way ionic and hydration interactions within a nucleosome may affect internucleosomal interactions in higher order chromatin fibers.
Remembering Relevant Information and Withholding Relevant Next Actions: The German Token achja

Using conversation analytic methodology, in this article, we examine two prosodic variants of the German response token achja and their use in everyday interaction. Whereas achJA, with prosodic prominence (in form of higher amplitude) on the second syllable, is used to claim remembering of relevant but just now recalled information, ∧achja, with prosodic prominence (in form of a pitch peak) on the first syllable, serves as a placeholder in sequential slots in which the speaker is not in a position to provide the just-now-relevant response. Thus, whereas a speaker may use achJA to establish prior independent access to interactionally relevant information and mark its retrieval, ∧achja displays a significant lack of access to relevant sequential or contextual knowledge. ∧Achja is regularly recognized as an insufficient response by the coparticipant and followed by turn and sequence expansions, whereas achJA is closing relevant. In this article, we also discuss the component tokens ach and ja separately and ...
Protein chip-based microarray profiling of oxidized low density lipoprotein-treated cells

Commercially available high-content Ab380 and extensively validated DLM26 homemade protein microarrays were used to profile the effects of the pro-atherogenic molecule, oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL), on human aortic smooth muscle cells. Protein microarrays detected 298 proteins in cell lysates and 54 of these were differentially regulated. Microarray data were validated by immunoblotting for a selected set of up- and down-regulated proteins. The protein microarray data sets were compared with our recent cDNA microarray-based gene expression results in order to characterize the global effect of OxLDL on smooth muscle cell functions. A group of cell-cell interaction molecules was classified as up-regulated by OxLDL, whereas nucleic acid/protein biosynthesis, structural and humoral response proteins/genes were under-expressed in cells treated by OxLDL. These findings reveal the major pattern of OxLDL-induced effects on the human aortic smooth muscle cells functions and also demonstrate that protein chip-based microarrays could be a useful proteomic tool to profile disease-related states of muscle cells.
Development of recombinant viral insecticides by expression of an insect-specific toxin and insect-specific enzyme in nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.

As supplements to classical chemical insecticides, two approaches to develop recombinant baculovirus insecticides are described. In one approach an insectspecific toxin is expressed leading to a dramatic reduction in time to death. In the second approach an insect juvenile hormone esterase is expressed which leads to a reduction in feeding. Modifications of the wildtype esterase led to viruses which reduced the time to death as efffectively as did the toxin-expressing virus. In both cases existing recombinant viruses are viewed as leads, and approaches to further improvement in the engineered viruses are suggested. Many of these approaches are based on analogy with the development of classical synthetic insecticides. Using these viruses as examples, the potential utility and limitations of recombinant viruses and other biological insecticides are discussed.
Effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency on acute pancreatitis in mice.

Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent gastrointestinal disorder that causes significant morbidity, and its incidence has been progressively increasing. AP starts as a local inflammation in the pancreas that often leads to systemic inflammatory response and complications. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition in murine models has beneficial effects in inflammatory diseases, but its significance in AP remains unexplored. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate whether sEH may have a causal role in AP we utilized Ephx2 knockout (KO) mice to determine the effects of sEH deficiency on cerulein- and arginine-induced AP. sEH expression increased at the protein and messenger RNA levels, as well as enzymatic activity in the early phase of cerulein- and arginine-induced AP in mice. In addition, amylase and lipase levels were lower in cerulein-treated Ephx2 KO mice compared with controls. Moreover, pancreatic mRNA and serum concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1B and IL-6 were lower in cerulein-treated Ephx2 KO mice compared with controls. Further, Ephx2 KO mice exhibited decreased cerulein- and arginine-induced NF-κB inflammatory response, MAPKs activation and decreased cell death. Conclusions -These findings demonstrate a novel role for sEH in the progression of cerulein- and arginine-induced AP.
Climate Change Adaptation for the US National Wildlife Refuge System

Since its establishment in 1903, the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) has grown to 635 units and 37 Wetland Management Districts in the United States and its territories. These units provide the seasonal habitats necessary for migratory waterfowl and other species to complete their annual life cycles. Habitat conversion and fragmentation, invasive species, pollution, and competition for water have stressed refuges for decades, but the interaction of climate change with these stressors presents the most recent, pervasive, and complex conservation challenge to the NWRS. Geographic isolation and small unit size compound the challenges of climate change, but a combined emphasis on species that refuges were established to conserve and on maintaining biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health provides the NWRS with substantial latitude to respond. Individual symptoms of climate change can be addressed at the refuge level, but the strategic response requires system-wide planning. A dynamic vision of the NWRS in a changing climate, an explicit national strategic plan to implement that vision, and an assessment of representation, redundancy, size, and total number of units in relation to conservation targets are the first steps toward adaptation. This adaptation must begin immediately and be built on more closely integrated research and management. Rigorous projections of possible futures are required to facilitate adaptation to change. Furthermore, the effective conservation footprint of the NWRS must be increased through land acquisition, creative partnerships, and educational programs in order for the NWRS to meet its legal mandate to maintain the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the system and the species and ecosystems that it supports.
Conformational analysis of the crystal structure for MDI/BDO hard segments of polyurethane elastomers

From conformational analysis, we have determined the two lowest energy crystal structures for the hard segments of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate/1,4-butanediol (MDI/BDO)-based polyurethane elastomer. Both crystal forms give prominent X-ray scattering at ∼7.6 A. In one crystal form, (1), there is strong hydrogen bonding between linear chains with a density of 1.30 g/cm3, while in the other form, (2), van der Waals bonding gives rise to a double helix structure with a density of 1.22 g/cm3 and a formation energy 1.6 kJ/mol higher than form (1). The double helix crystal has a unit cell length of 18.8 A which is about half the 34.7 A unit cell length of the hydrogen-bonded crystal. The X-ray diffraction predicted for each crystal is presented and compared with experiment. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2303–2313, 1999
Evaluating eating behavior treatments by FDA standards

Behavioral treatments for obesity are not evaluated by the same criteria as pharmaceutical drugs, even though treatments such as low-calorie dieting are widely prescribed, require the patients’ time and investment, and may have risks. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a procedure for evaluating drugs, in which drugmakers must answer the following questions: (1) Is the treatment safe? (2) How dangerous is the condition the intervention is treating? (3) Is the treatment effective? (4) Is the treatment safe and effective for large numbers of people? We argue that using this framework to evaluate behavioral interventions could help identify unanswered research questions on their efficacy and effectiveness, and we use the example of low-calorie dieting to illustrate how FDA criteria might be applied in the context of behavioral medicine.
The significance of detailed structure in the boundary layer to thermal radiation at the surface in climate models

This study used a mid-latitude measure- ment of diurnal variations in the boundary layer to sim- ulate thermal radiation for a clear sky. The emissivity growth method was used for the absorption by the five major greenhouse gases averaged over 10 cm - from line by line calculations. The vertical resolution of the model was 0.6 mb at the ground surface, and gradually increases to 100 mb in the middle troposphere. The im- portance to the calculated surface and outgoing infrared radiation due to detailed boundary layer structure and diurnal variations is demonstrated. Thus there is a need
Skin Testing, Graded Challenge and Desensitization to the Tetracycline Class of Antimicrobials in Patients with Hypersensitivity Reactions

S U N D A Y 396 Pretreatment with IVIG and Corticosteroids for Contrast Media Induced Severe Adverse Drug Reaction Thao Nguyen N. Tran, Colleen Adkins, Vuong A. Nayima, DO, John T. Anderson, MD, James Ryan Bonner, MD, FAAAAI; UAB Internal Medicine Residency Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Alabama Allergy & Asthma Center, Birmingham, AL. RATIONALE: Contrast media (CM) is known to cause severe adverse drug reactions (ADR) including delayed reactions such as SJS/TEN and leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV). Pretreatment for subsequent administration is not standardized. Here we present a patient with history of severe delayed ADR to CM in whom pretreatment with IVIG and corticosteroids successfully reduced her reactions to repeated exposure. METHODS: Our patient is a 67 yo female with reported history of SJS to CM who presented with acute coronary syndrome requiring cardiac intervention. For two days prior to catheterization, she was treated following a previously published protocol (Hebert and Bogle) with IVIG 200mg/kg and prednisone 60mg daily. RESULTS: Hours after CM exposure, the patient developed a nonblanching purpuric rash on bilateral feet clinically consistent with mild LCV. Protocol was adjusted, changing steroids to methylprednisolone 40mg q6hrs with continuation of IVIG. Due to the necessity of repeat coronary angiography, IVIG and IV steroids were continued until 2 days post repeat catheterization. Thereafter she was transitioned to oral prednisone with one week taper. No further ADRs were observed. CONCLUSIONS: While history suggested SJS, our patient’s subsequent reaction was more consistent with LCV. The improvement of the LCVand lack of recurrence after repeat CM challenge suggests administering IVIG and steroids may be an effective option for preventing severe delayed ADR to CM in patients with a history of severe LCV.
IR and Raman Spectra, Tautomeric Stabilities, and Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Fields of Protonated Cytosine†

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the vibrational spectra of cytosine and protonated cytosine. In addition, we study spectra of cytosine and protonated cytosine with the mass of N1−H hydrogen changed to the mass of the methyl group. In this way the spectra of the heterocyclic part of cytidine are simulated. Spectral interpretation is based on the double harmonic approximation and scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) methodology. The scale factors of the ab initio HF/6-31G* and density functional Becke3-LYP/6-31G* force fields are adjusted using the frequencies and intensities measured for crystalline samples of anhydrous cytosine, cytosine monohydrate, and cytosine hydrochloride of known crystal structures. The same sets of scale factors are used for interpretation of vibrational spectra of both the neutral and protonated cytosine. These scale factors are also recommended for the spectral calculations of other nucleic acid bases and oligonucleotides. The consistency in transferring sc...
On the mechanism of carbon-carbon bond formation in the CO hydrogenation reaction

Abstract This paper examines the fundamental characteristics of carbon-carbon bond formation in the CO hydrogenation reaction. A mechanism is proposed in an attempt to account for these characteristics. This mechanism involves insertion of methylene into the carbon-carbon double bond of a surface vinylidene complex. The cyclopropylidene complex thus formed, then rearranges to the homologous vinylidene species. Equations which describe branched isomer distributions are derived from the theory and are used to fit observed distributions for a fused iron catalyst and a precipitated cobalt catalyst. The model has one adjustable parameter, and the fit includes the methyl and the ethyl branching characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch catalysis which were previously unaccounted for by methylene polymerization theories.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diolate, Oxametallacyclopentene, Amido-Alkoxide and Thiolato-Alkoxide Complexes Using Dialkyl and Diaryl Titanium Aminotroponiminate Complexes: A Route to Unsymmetrical Vicinal Diols

The reactivity of [TiR2(Me2ATI)2] complexes, where Me2ATI = N,N‘-dimethylaminotroponiminate, or L, with CO or RNC in the presence of various organic electrophiles has been investigated. The compounds TiMe2L2 and TiPh2L2 react with CO and aldehydes or ketones to afford unsymmetrical diolate complexes that convert to the corresponding vicinal diols after hydrolysis. Phenyl acetylene also reacts to form the oxametallacyclopentene complex [Ti(OCMe2CHCPh)(Me2ATI)2]. Treatment of TiMe2L2 with RNC yields the free imine and a source of low-valent titanium. Trapping this intermediate with 2 equiv of benzaldehyde or benzil affords the titanium diolate or enediolate complex, respectively. When 1 equiv each of benzophenone and either N-tosylbenzaldimine or acetone were added to the intermediate, [Ti(Ph2COCN(SO2tol)HPh)(Me2ATI)2] and [Ti(Ph2COCOMe2)(Me2ATI)2], respectively, were obtained. The titanium thiolato-alkoxide complex [Ti(Ph2CSCOMe2)(Me2ATI)2] was prepared by use of thiobenzophenone and acetone. This chemistr...
Effects of transistor geometry on CCD output sensitivity

This paper discusses recent progress in the understanding of the fabrication of low noise floating diffusion output amplifiers for special purpose charge-coupled devices. Emphasis has been given to reducing the total node capacitance and increasing the output sensitivity. Measurements of noise on experimental devices has yielded noise less than 3 electrons rms at 50 kpixel data rate.
NMR spin-lattice relaxation in the deuterium quadrupolar glass

We present measurements of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in solid ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ for para concentrations $0.24lXl0.31$ and temperatures $40lTl700$ mK. No evidence is seen for a well-defined transition into the quadrupolar glass state. A model of para-ortho cross relaxation is presented which allows our ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ data to be compared with previous ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ relaxation data.
“Going the race way”: Biographical influences on multicultural and antiracist English curriculum practices

Abstract As curriculum standardization escalates, teachers’ agency in relation to teaching to student diversity takes on increasing importance. This article draws from an international study that investigated the multicultural and antiracist teaching practices of 15 English teachers in two racially diverse schools, one in the United States, the other in Canada. Analysis of in-depth interviews and curriculum-related documents found that teachers’ agency was related to biographical elements of professional preparation, prior experiences with diversity, and generational status. The article reports on data from the United States school and offers recommendations for professional development and teacher preparation.
Platelet-dependent stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis by platelet-derived growth factor.

Prostacyclin (PGI2), an unstable metabolite of arachidonic acid synthesized by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, is a potent vasodilator and endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation1–10. Regulation of PGI2 synthesis by the vessel wall is not well understood11–16. We have investigated the possibility that a product released from platelet granules during degranulation might modify vessel wall PGI2 biosynthesis. We report here that a non-dialysable, platelet-dependent factor in serum dramatically stimulates PGI2 synthesis by cultured bovine aortic endothelium, aortic smooth muscle, and adrenal capillary endothelium. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a releasable peptide contained within platelet alpha granules17–20, stimulates PGI2 synthesis by the above cell types as much as 100-fold. The concentrations of PDGF required to produce these effects are below the level reported in normal human serum18. We postulate that in vivo released PDGF may increase vessel wall PGI2 production as part of a negative feedback mechanism controlling platelet aggregation.
Fast algorithm for motion estimation under the varying interframe brightness characteristics

A fast two-stage scheme for the search of the motion vectors under varying interframe brightness characteristics, referred to as enhanced motion vectors, is devised. In the first stage of the scheme, a given block and the corresponding blocks in the search window are mapped into the sum-of-pixel value domain, where two subsets of candidate blocks, one consisting the blocks having the DC values closest to the DC value of the block of interest and the other consisting of those having the farthest DC values are selected. In the second stage, the motion vector is determined by employing these subsets and using the mean square error as the matching criterion. Experimental results show that the proposed technique provides a high prediction accuracy with a low computational load.
An Integrative Theory of Leadership

This paper presents a macro, integrative theory of leadership. The theory emphasizes the role of the leader in assessing the deficiencies in the follower's abilities, motivation, role perception or environmental conditions and in taking action to alleviate deficiencies which inhibit follower performance. Determinants of leader behavior and environmental influence are also central to the theory. Basic propositions and hypotheses of the theory are stated, and the leadership literature relating to these propositions is reviewed.
Pearl S. Buck and Phenylketonuria (PKU)

In 1921, Pearl S. Buck gave birth to a daughter, Carol, who became severely retarded and was eventually institutionalized at the Vineland Training School in New Jersey. To help pay for her daughter’s care, Buck wrote The Good Earth in 1931, and then other novels and biographies about her life in China, for which she was awarded the Nobel and Pulitzer Prizes, and honored around the world. Years later, she published The Child Who Never Grew, a short piece about her daughter’s retardation that also revealed her desperate search for answers and good clinical care. Asbjorn Folling distinguished phenylketonuria (PKU) from other forms of childhood retardation in the mid-1930s, and new assays and biochemical findings eventually led to ways to circumvent the devastating effects of PKU. But for Carol Buck, these advances came too late. It was not until the 1960s that physicians confirmed that her severe retardation was caused by PKU.
Adaptive variable update rate algorithm for tracking targets with a phased array radar

The analysis postulates an algorithm for adaptively varying the target-track update rate as a function of target manoeuvring. The algorithm proposes to vary the target observation time interval by an amount that tends to maintain a constant residual error. As an example, the algorithm is shown to be implemented with a two-dimensional alpha-beta filter. Simulated results are calculated for a target manoeuvre consisting of a single 90° turn. The results show that when a manoeuvre is detected, the sampling time interval can be reduced rapidly to facilitate tracking with reduceed error. After the manoeuvre, the sampling interval is increased automatically so more time can be made available to the phased array radar for other activities.
Theories of electronic structure in semiconductor heterostructures

Abstract We take stock of the accomplishments of the phenomenological theories of the subband structures and of the role of the interface in these theories. We discuss how such theories can be used in the interpretation of experiments and supplement first-principles calculations to gain an understanding of the influence of the interface on the electronic properties.
Segmental liver transplantation from a living donor

Abstract A technic of partial orthotopic liver transplantation in the human from a living donor is presented. Experimental background data for liver replacement in situ without complications of bile leakage or hemorrhage is reviewed. The left lobar and segmental anatomy in the human liver is discussed and technic variances for the donor and recipient proposed. Although the technic also applies to cadaver donors, its chief potential value is to make possible a histocompatible, healthy, living subject as a donor in liver transplantation.
Validation of the physical fitness opinion questionnaire against marathon performance

Bezjak and Lee (1990) developed the Physical Fitness Opinion Questionnaire, employing elements of both Rotter's social learning theory (1966) and Bandura's self-efficacy theory (1982), that is specific to health-related physical fitness behaviors. This study investigated the criterion and predictive validity of the Physical Fitness Opinion Questionnaire in a competitive sports environment. Method.-The questionnaire was administered to 113 marathon runners prior to the srart of the Arizona Marathon on January 13, 1991. The sample included 64 men and 49 women, whose ages ranged from 20 to 58 years, with mean age of 34.8 (SD = 6.91, Ninety-eight participants finished the race; their finishing times were recorded. The questionnaire included the following five measures: (1) a physical fitness locus of control scale of 27 items divided equally among the three subscales: internal, powerful other, and chance physical fitness locus of control; (2) a physical fitness self-efficacy scale of 15 items dealing with subjects' perceived competence and confidence in performing tasks involving components of health-related physical fitness; ( 3 ) a physical fitness expectancy of reinforcement scale, a 15-item measure of expectancies that specific health-related physical fitness behaviors will lead to specific health-related reinforcements; (4) a physical fitness value of specific reinforcement scale, asking the runners to mark the importance of health-related physical fitness behaviors; (5 ) a measure of behavioral intention, asking the participants to state how they would finish in the race and what their finishing time would be. Results.-The locus of control scale is scored in the external direction. The possible range for the scale is 27 to 162, with a score of 27 indicating an extremely internal orientation; the cut-off score for the internal scorers was 70. The correlation between behavioral intentions and actual behavior for internal scorers (r = 3 3 , n = 62, p < .01) tended to be stronger than the correlation between behavioral intentions and behavior for external scorers ( r = .16, n = 36, ns) when locus of control was assessed by the physical fitness locus of control scale. The difference between these correlations was not significant ( z = 1.8, p<.O6); however, for marathon runners scoring high (internal scorers) on the physical fitness locus of control scale and with high expectancy of reinforcement as measured by the physical fitness expectancy of reinforcement scale, a high value for health as assessed on the physical fitness value of
A Study of the Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Requirement of Clostridium Acetobutylicum.Application to Assay Procedure

In studying the nutritive requirements of Clostridium acetobutylicum Rubbo and Gillespie1 found that paraaminobenzoic acid (PAB) was needed by this organism. Small amounts were sufficient to support growth and the compound could apparently be classed as a growth factor. This work was extended to include a more detailed study of the organism and the availability of some related compounds.2 The PAB requirement of Cl. acetobutylicum was confirmed by Lampen and Peterson3 and by Park and Wood.4
1-Hydro­xy­methyl-2,2-di­phenyl­ethyl 2,4,6-tri­methyl­phenyl ketone

The title compound, C25H26O2, was isolated and characterized as a stable intermediate in the conversion of 2,2-di­phenyl­ethyl 2,4,6-tri­methyl­phenyl ketone to its form­aldehyde-derived enone.
Charge-transfer mechanisms for high- T c superconductivity

We report results from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) analysis of the Weber d-d exciton model of the high-temperature superconductors. The pairing between oxygen holes is mediated by localized intrasite Cu orbitals. For reasonable oxygen on-site Coulomb energies, we find s-wave superconductivity for low filling fraction (0.44), and d-wave superconductivity for larger filling. The same symmetry analysis applies to a localized version of the intersite Cu-O charge-transfer model of Varma, Schmitt-Rink, and Abrahams. We explore the limitations imposed by the Weber model symmetry, and interpret optical data based upon the d-d exciton picture. We briefly discuss the suppression of antiferromagnetism of the Cu moments by the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida interaction in the metallic limit.
A coupled climate–ice sheet modeling approach to the Early Cenozoic history of the Antarctic ice sheet

Abstract The sudden, widespread glaciation of Antarctica and the associated shift toward colder temperatures near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (∼34 Ma) represents one of the most fundamental reorganizations of the global climate system recognized in the geologic record. This glacial inception and the subsequent evolution of the early East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) are simulated using a new, coupled global climate–dynamical ice sheet model accounting for the paleogeography, greenhouse gas concentrations, changing orbital parameters, and varying ocean heat transport. Suites of long (105 yr) climate–ice sheet simulations are used to investigate the effects of declining atmospheric CO2, compared to those of the tectonic opening of Southern Ocean gateways and the timing of mountain uplift in the Antarctic interior. In contrast to the established paradigm for the glaciation of Antarctica, which centers on the opening of the Southern Ocean gateways and the ‘thermal isolation’ of the continent, our results show that declining Cenozoic pCO2 may have played the dominant role. First, small isolated ice caps formed on the highest Antarctic plateaus. Then, as a CO2 threshold between ∼3× and 2× pre-industrial level (PAL) was crossed, height–mass balance feedbacks were initiated during orbital periods with cold austral summers, triggering much larger, highly dynamic terrestrial ice sheets. As CO2 continued to decline, these isolated ice caps eventually merged into a permanent continental-scale EAIS. In our model, neither the opening of the Southern Ocean gateways nor mountain uplift significantly affected the timing of the major ice sheet transition, given a scenario of gradually declining CO2 from 4× to 2× PAL over 10 million years around the Eocene–Oligocene boundary.
High-Tech Location in Five Metropolitan Areas

This study addresses the intersection between local priorities to become a high-tech haven and how local policies affect the locational decisions of high-tech industry. The study compares the relat...
Statistical theory of spin distribution of fission products

The statistical-theory predictions of the average spin of fission products, the dependence of spin on the bombarding energy, and the distribution of spin with respect to the fragment mass are compared with experimental results. Good agreement is obtained. The last one provides direct evidence that asymmetric fission is associated with higher density of quantum states and thus offers direct experimental proof of the statistical-theory explanation of asymmetric fission.
Rotational muscle flaps: A new technique for covering infected vascular grafts

Abstract Twenty-one patients with established localized infection of vascular bypass grafts were treated with aggressive debridement and rotational muscle flap coverage to control graft infection. There were six gram-positive, six gram-negative, four mixed, and three fungal graft infections. Graft material included Dacron, Gore-Tex (registered trademark of W. L. Gore Associates Inc., Elkton, Md.), Dacron and Gore-Tex in combination, and saphenous vein. Twenty of 21 patients had successful preservation of graft function, local wound healing, and control of infection. There were no amputations or deaths. The one failure was caused by incomplete debridement of an infected graft segment. Aggressive debridement and rotational muscle flap coverage is an effective means of treating locally infected vascular bypass grafts. (J Vasc Surg 1989;9:472–8.)
Structural and serological relationships among different antibodies from the same rabbit antiserum. II. The idiotypes of ten antibody components from an anti-streptococcal serum

In studies aimed at elucidation of the idiotypic relationships among antibodies produced by a single rabbit, ten antibodies were isolated from the serum of a rabbit immunized with streptococcal Group C vaccine. Four of these antibodies were obtained in amounts sufficient to prepare homologous (rabbit) anti-idiotype antisera. The antisera were used to test for cross-reactivities among all ten antibodies by binding and inhibition of binding assays. Idiotypic cross-reactions among the antibodies were detected by three of the four antisera, while the fourth antiserum reacted only with the antibody that was used as the immunogen for its preparation. Two antibodies demonstrating the highest degree of cross-reactivity had readily distinguishable VH allotypic (a 1) subspecificities. The idiotypic reactions and cross-reactions could be inhibited by haptens prepared from the Group C carbohydrate. Bleedings taken from the three immunization periods of this rabbit indicated that the four idiotypes were expressed in approximately equal amounts in each immunization period and that all idiotypes dropped to undetectable levels between immunization periods.
Electoral Systems, Legislative Process, and Income Taxation

We characterize the equilibrium income tax schedules and the optimality conditions under two types of political institutions, a two-party plurality system with a single district, and one with multiple districts where tax policies are determined through a legislature. It is shown that the exogenous social welfare functions in the optimal taxation literature can be endogenously determined by explicitly modeling the political institutions, which put different welfare weights on different subsets of the population. This paper also extends the Coughlin probabilistic voting model and the Baron–Ferejohn legislative bargaining model to a function space.
Alkali-metal-plated graphite surfaces: He interaction and diffraction

Abstract Theoretical calculations and experimental data are reported for He scattering from a graphite surface covered with an alkali-metal overlayer. The computed interaction potential has a very shallow well depth (⩽, 1 meV) in the case of a (2 × 2) layer. The predicted corrugation is also very small, corresponding to rather weak elastic diffraction beams. The calculated diffraction intensity is less than 2 percent of the specular intensity for a 17.4 meV He beam. No He diffraction was observed in the experiment on K, Rb, and Cs overlayers, indicating that these surfaces are even less corrugated than the calculation predicts.
The neurologic examination in geriatric psychiatry

Abstract The need to distinguish functional mental disorders from organic brain dysfunction has become increasingly important with the growing number of elderly patients who present with behavioral disturbances. As part of the evaluation of these patients, the psychiatrist or other physician should perform a basic neurologic examination. The author describes an examination for geriatric patients that includes methods for taking a neurologic history, for clinically measuring psychological functions, for evaluating primitive reflexes, and for interpreting peripheral neurologic responses.
General non-iterative solution of the inverse and direct geodetic problems

Improved practical and theoretical formulas are presented for the calculation of geodetic distances, azimuths, and positions on a spheroid. The formulas are designed for use with either electronic computers or desk calculators. For the latter, the formulas lend themselves to the construction of useful interpolation tables.
Numerical methods for the synthesis of linear control systems

The techniques described in this paper permit a universal approach to the synthesis of continuous, and sampled-data systems. Numerical methods are presented for the computation of root locus plots, transient responses, and z transforms from the block diagrams of transfer functions. These methods are for use with high-speed, general purpose, digital computers such as the IBM 7090 data processing system. The methods require little or no algebraic manipulation of system equations, even for complex multiloop systems containing both continuous and sampled-data transfer functions. Examples are given showing the use of these methods, and the results obtained. Programming details, which might be of value to persons desiring to develop similar programs, are briefly covered; future planned work and possible activities are described.
Selective Monosaccharide Transport through Lipid Bilayers Using Boronic Acid Carriers

Twenty-one boronic acids were studied for their ability to transport saccharides in and out of liposomes. The rates of liposome efflux were determined using an enzymatic assay, whereas the influx studies used a radiotracer method. All boronic acids examined, except those that were highly hydrophilic, facilitated monosaccharide transport. The order of transport selectivity was sorbitol > fructose > glucose. The disaccharides maltose and sucrose were not transported to any significant degree. Facilitated transport was demonstrated with a variety of liposome types, including multilamellar and unilamellar vesicles with anionic or cationic polar lipid additives. Transport mechanism studies included the accumulation of structure−activity data, as well as systematic investigations of various environmental changes such as pH, added salt, membrane potential, and temperature. Overall, the evidence is strongly in favor of a membrane carrier mechanism. The boronic acid combines reversibly with a diol group on the mon...
A heuristic for designing cellular manufacturing facilities

In this paper, a heuristic for machine cell-part family identification that addresses some important design constraints—machine capacity, safety, technological requirements, upper limit on the size of a cell and number of cells—is presented. First, a model is used to determine the number of each type of machine necessary to process the parts. The heuristic then identifies a machine cell and corresponding part family. Next, it ascertains whether the design constraints listed above are satisfied, one by one. If not, it attempts to modify the original machine cell-part family combination by adding, removing or duplicating particular machines so that the design constraints are satisfied. Constraints of higher priority take precedence over those of lower priority. Similarly, other machine cell-part family combinations are identified. While generating a solution, the heuristic attempts to minimize the intercellular movement of parts as much as possible.
Forest representation of wavelet transform and feature detection

A forest representation of 2-D wavelet transform is proposed to emphasize a local signal and coefficient propagation across multi- scales. A multiresolution analysis involves a forest consisting of an ap- proximate forest and three detail (horizontal, vertical, and diagonal) for- ests. An approximate tree is a collection of successive approximations at multiscales at a location, and a detail tree is a collection of detail coeffi- cients along an orientation. In fine-to-coarse processing, local neighbor- ing trees merge into a bulky tree recursively and thereby incur large uncertainty in signal location. The coefficient propagation across multi- scales can be used for local signal detection. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)00205-1)
Respiratory and phosphatase activities in contact cells of wood rays and their possible role in sugar secretion

Summary The activity of succinate, NAD-dependent isocitrate and alcohol dehydrogenases, and of acid phosphatases has been studied cytochemically in wood rays of Betula populifolia Marsh . and Populus tremuloides Michx . in late winter and in spring. The contact cells of the rays which provide the connection between rays and vessels were found to differ from the other ray cells by a much increased respiratory and phosphatase activity. A most distinctive localization of phosphatase activity was observed at the large pits of the contact cells which are facing the vessels. These specific enzymatic activities proved to be restricted to a relatively short period in spring, beginning when the starch starts to dissolve in contact cells (shortly before bud swelling period) and ending when the leaves have fully developed. As this period coincides with the time sugars can be found in the vessel water it is suggested that the contact cells of the rays are involved in an active secretion of sugars into vessels. A speculative secretion mechanism is discussed.
Novel Markers and Therapies for Patients with Acute Heart Failure and Renal Dysfunction

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury complicates decompensated heart failure in ∼33% of cases and is associated with morbidity and mortality; thus, we sought to systematically review this topic in order to summarize novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods Structured PubMed searches on these topics were conducted in February 2014 and relevant literature was identified. The PubMed search identified a total of 192 articles that were individually screened for inclusion in this analysis, and 58 were included. Results Acute kidney injury, defined by substantial increases in serum creatinine, is associated consistently with prolonged length of stay, rehospitalization, and mortality. Biomarker studies suggested that natriuretic peptides are prognostic for shorter- and longer-term mortality. Novel proteins indicating kidney damage and albumin in the urine are associated with acute kidney injury. The most promising acute pharmacologic treatment appears to be serelaxin, which has been shown to improve acute heart failure symptoms, hemodynamic parameters, and renal function. Conclusions The presence of acute kidney injury results in worse clinical outcomes for patients with acute heart failure. Novel biomarkers and therapies hold the promise of improving both cardiac and renal outcomes in these patients.
A Transbaffle Approach to Ablation in a Child with an Extracardiac Fontan

We present the case of an 11-year-old with D-transposition, double inlet left ventricle, and dextrocardia 8 years following an extracardiac Fontan with supraventricular tachycardia mediated by a concealed accessory pathway. A transbaffle puncture was performed with fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiography guidance and the pathway location as well as its proximity to the HIS bundle were identified. The pathway was successfully ablated and the patient is asymptomatic for 12 months postablation.
The restoration of constraints in holonomic and nonholonomic problems

The first part of this paper considers a system described byp algebraic or transcendental equations involvingn variables, withn>p. A nominal state, not satisfying all the equations, is given. An iterative procedure is developed leading to a varied state satisfying all the equations. The procedure involves quasilinearization with an added optimality condition, namely, the requirement of least-square change of the coordinates. Two examples illustrating the rapid convergence of the algorithm are supplied. The second part considers a system described byn first-order differential equations involvingn state variables andm control variables. A nominal state and a nominal control, consistent with the boundary conditions, but not satisfying the equations, are given. An iterative procedure is developed leading to a varied state and a varied control consistent with the boundary conditions and the equations. The procedure involves quasilinearization with an added optimality condition, namely, the requirement of least-square change of the control and the state. Two examples illustrating the rapid convergence of the algorithm are supplied. The above procedures can be included in some of the iterative algorithms for minimizing functions or functionals involving variables subject to constraints, namely, gradient methods, whether ordinary, accelerated, or conjugate. Each gradient phase is alternated with a buffer phase, the restoration phase described here.