cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the impact of triangle shapes for boundary layer problems using high-order finite element discretization

The impact of triangle shapes, including angle sizes and aspect ratios, on accuracy and stiffness is investigated for simulations of highly anisotropic problems. The results indicate that for high-order discretizations, large angles do not have an adverse impact on solution accuracy. However, a correct aspect ratio is critical for accuracy for both linear and high-order discretizations. Large angles are also found to be not problematic for the conditioning of the linear systems arising from the discretizations. Further, when choosing preconditioning strategies, coupling strengths among elements rather than element angle sizes should be taken into account. With an appropriate preconditioner, solutions on meshes with and without large angles can be achieved within a comparable time.
Correlations between user voting data, budget, and box office for films in the internet movie database

The Internet Movie Database IMDb is one of the most-visited websites in the world and the premier source for information on films. Similar to Wikipedia, much of IMDb's information is user contributed. IMDb also allows users to voice their opinion on the quality of films through voting. We investigate whether there is a connection between user voting data and economic film characteristics. We perform distribution and correlation analysis on a set of films chosen to mitigate effects of bias due to the language and country of origin of films. Production budget, box office gross, and total number of user votes for films are consistent with double-log normal distributions for certain time periods. Both total gross and user votes are consistent with a double-log normal distribution from the late 1980s onward while for budget it extends from 1935 to 1979. In addition, we find a strong correlation between number of user votes and the economic statistics, particularly budget. Remarkably, we find no evidence for a correlation between number of votes and average user rating. Our results suggest that total user votes is an indicator of a film's prominence or notability, which can be quantified by its promotional costs.
Simplified setup for high-resolution spectroscopy using ultrashort pulses

Using a broadband femtosecond laser and simple optics, we demonstrate narrow-bandwidth tunable selective vibrational excitation in liquids. The resolution obtained is 80 times higher than the laser bandwidth-the highest obtained from a femtosecond laser to date.
Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics

While the strong anticorrelation between chromospheric activity and age has led to the common use of the Ca II H and K emission index (R'_(HK) = L_(HK)/L_(bol)) as an empirical age estimator for solar-type dwarfs, existing activity-age relations produce implausible ages at both high and low activity levels.We have compiled R'_(HK) HK data from the literature for young stellar clusters, richly populating for the first time the young end of the activity-age relation. Combining the cluster activity data with modern cluster age estimates and analyzing the color dependence of the chromospheric activity age index,we derive an improved activity-age calibration for F7-K2 dwarfs (0:5 mag < B - V < 0.9 mag). We also present a more fundamentally motivated activity-age calibration that relies on conversion of R'_(HK) values through the Rossby number to rotation periods and then makes use of improved gyrochronology relations. We demonstrate that our new activity-age calibration has typical age precision of ~0.2 dex for normal solar-type dwarfs aged between the Hyades and the Sun (~0.6-4.5 Gyr). Inferring ages through activity-rotation-age relations accounts for some color-dependent effects and systematically improves the age estimates (albeit only slightly). We demonstrate that coronal activity as measured through the fractional X-ray luminosity (R_X = L_X/L_(bol)) has nearly the same age- and rotation inferring capability as chromospheric activity measured through R'_(HK). As a first application of our calibrations, we provide new activity-derived age estimates for a volume-limited sample of the 108 solar-type field dwarfs within 16 pc.
Plan B: access to emergency contraception in the legal and political cross hairs

On June 10, 2013, an eight-year debate over access to emergency contraceptives abruptly ended when the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York served notice that the federal government would withdraw its appeal and comply with the federal district court’s order to allow Plan B One-Step® to be sold over-the-counter without age or point-of-sale restrictions. In this Commentary, we review the litigation and regulatory history of this controversy. Using the Plan B One-Step® controversy as a backdrop, we trace threads of political influence in past FDA actions, and reflect on the position of the FDA as an executive agency caught between politics and science.
Black hole statistics from holography

We study the microstates of the ``small'' black hole in the 1/2-BPS sector of AdS5 ? S5, the superstar [1], using the powerful holographic description provided by LLM [2]. The system demonstrates the inherently statistical nature of black holes, with the geometry of [1] emerging only after averaging over an ensemble of geometries. The individual microstate geometries differ in the highly non-trivial topology of a quantum foam at their core, and the entropy can be understood as a partition of N units of flux among 5-cycles, as required by flux quantization. While the system offers confirmation of the most controversial aspect of Mathur and Lunin's recent ``fuzzball'' proposal [3,4], we see signs of a discrepancy in interpreting its details.
Diagnosing Circumstellar Debris Disks

A numerical model of a circumstellar debris disk is developed and applied to observations of the circumstellar dust orbiting β Pictoris. The model accounts for the rates at which dust is produced by collisions among unseen planetesimals, and the rate at which dust grains are destroyed due to collisions. The model also accounts for the effects of radiation pressure, which is the dominant perturbation on the disk’s smaller but abundant dust grains. Solving the resulting system of rate equations then provides the dust abundances versus grain size and dust abundances over time. Those solutions also provide the dust grains’ collisional lifetime versus grain size, and the debris disk’s optical depth and surface brightness versus distance from the star. Comparison to observations then yields estimates of the unseen planetesimal disk’s radius, and the rate at which the disk sheds mass due to planetesimal grinding. The model can also be used to measure or else constrain the dust grain’s physical and optical properties, such as the dust grains’ strength, their light-scattering asymmetry parameter, and the grains’ efficiency of light scattering Qs. The model is then applied to optical observations of the edge-on dust disk orbiting β Pictoris, and good agreement is achieved when the unseen planetesimal disk is broad, with 75 r 150 AU. If it is assumed that the dust grains are bright like Saturn’s icy rings (Qs = 0.7), then the cross section of dust in the disk is Ad � 2 × 10 20 km 2 and its mass is Md � 11 lunar masses. In this case, the planetesimal disk’s dust-production rate is quite heavy, ˙ Md ∼ 9 M⊕ Myr −1 , implying that there is or was a substantial amount of planetesimal mass there, at least 110 Earth masses. If the dust grains are darker than assumed, then the planetesimal disk’s mass-loss rate and its total mass are heavier. In fact, the apparent dearth of any major planets in this region, plus the planetesimal disk’s heavy mass-loss rate, suggests that the 75 r< 150 AU zone at β Pic might be a region of planetesimal destruction, rather than a site of ongoing planet formation.
An asymptotic expansion for an optimal relaxation oscillator

For certain reduced-order optimization problems where assumed fast dynamics are neglected, chattering optimal solutions occur. The chattering optimal solution is represented by some of the variables alternating between distinctively different :values at an infinite rate. For a simple and somewhat transparent periodic optimal control problem, the neglected dynamics are included by an asymptotic expansion about the chattering solution. The periodic chattering arc is approached as a weighting parameter, associated with the control penalty in the performance index, goes toward zero. This weighting parameter is used, as the expansion parameter to form an asymptotic expansion about the chattering arc. In particular, two time scales are used in the expansions. A time scale proportional to the period is used to transform the problem to one similar to that of a relaxation oscillator where the problem is characterized by slow, almost equilibrium motions connected by fast, jump type transitions. The asymptotic expan...
Estimation of time-invariant effects in static panel data models

ABSTRACTThis article proposes the Fixed Effects Filtered (FEF) and Fixed Effects Filtered instrumental variable (FEF-IV) estimators for estimation and inference in the case of time-invariant effects in static panel data models when N is large and T is fixed. The FEF-IV allows for endogenous time-invariant regressors but assumes that there exists a sufficient number of instruments for such regressors. It is shown that the FEF and FEF-IV estimators are -consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. The FEF estimator is compared with the Fixed Effects Vector Decomposition (FEVD) estimator proposed by Plumper and Troeger (2007) and conditions under which the two estimators are equivalent are established. It is also shown that the variance estimator proposed for FEVD estimator is inconsistent and its use could lead to misleading inference. Alternative variance estimators are proposed for both FEF and FEF-IV estimators which are shown to be consistent under fairly general conditions. The small sample prop...
DSL/90: a digital simulation program for continuous system modeling

Computer simulation has been used for some time in the analysis and design of dynamic systems. With recent advancements in computer performance, the field of dynamic simulation---long the exclusive domain of the analog computer---has begun to utilize digital methods. No less than a score of digital simulation programs have appeared since R. G. Selfridge's pioneering effort in 1955; and the number is ever-increasing. These programs offer a convenient method of simulating continuous system dynamics employing well-known and easy-to-use analog computer programming techniques. The common starting point for such simulation is the conventional analog block diagram, and the common approach is the breakdown of the mathematical system model into its component parts or functional blocks. These blocks, having a near one-to-one correspondence with analog computing elements such as integrators, summers, limiters, etc., usually appear as subroutines within the simulator program. Using one of the simulation packages, "programming" involves no more than merely interconnecting the functional blocks by a sequence of connection statements according to the rules laid down by the input language. This interconnecting of blocks is analogous to the wiring of the patchboard on an analog computer. Therefore, these digital-analog simulation programs combine the best features of the analog and digital computers: the flexibility of block connection structure of the former and the accuracy and reliability of the latter.
Subprime Transitions: Lingering or Malingering in Default?

When a mortgage borrower becomes seriously delinquent (i.e., defaults), the lender initiates a time consuming and complex recovery process that may or may not result in foreclosure and eventual disposition of the real estate collateral (REO). This research studies this transition process for a unique sample of subprime mortgages that were seriously delinquent on September 30, 2001. Eight months later, possible states for the delinquent loans, in order, are 1)to remain delinquent without deteriorating further, 2) foreclosure, 3) worsen, i.e., become more months delinquent, 4) bankruptcy and 5) cure. The data indicate that, relative to prime loans, when subprime loans become seriously delinquent (90 days or longer) they are about twice as likely to become REO but take about four times longer to get there. It is unusual for a subprime default to be cured suggesting considerable forbearance by subprime lenders. We explore determinants of the transition probabilities and find that the most economically important predictors of transition from default to any other state are the number of payments the borrower has made and the loan to value ratio.
Incentive compatible regulation of a foreign-owned subsidiary

Abstract Transfer prices are administered charges for intra-firm transfers of factors of production. For a multinational firm, transfer prices for international transfers provide the means to redistribute costs and increase global profits given variations in national tax and profit repatriation policies. Local regulation of a subsidiary may thus be necessary to limit the welfare costs of strategic transfer pricing. Prusa ( Journal of International Economics , 1990, 28, 155–172) characterizes the welfare-maximizing regulations for a monopoly subsidiary that induce the firm to report transfer prices truthfully. We show, however, that it can be more efficient to implement regulations that encourage the firm to misrepresent its true transfer costs.
Towards a theory of data entanglement

We give a formal model for systems that store data in entangled form. We propose a new notion of entanglement, called all-or-nothing integrity (AONI) that binds the users' data in a way that makes it hard to corrupt the data of any one user without corrupting the data of all users. AONI can be a useful defense against negligent or dishonest storage providers who might otherwise be tempted to discard documents belonging to users without much clout. We show that, if all users use a fixed standard recovery algorithm, we can implement AONI using a MAC, but, if some of the users adopt instead a non-standard recovery algorithm provided by the dishonest storage provider, AONI can no longer be achieved. However, even for the latter scenario, we describe a simple entangling mechanism that provides AONI for a restricted class of destructive adversaries.
Doing Business with Strangers: Reputation in Online Service Marketplaces

Online service marketplaces allow service buyers to post their project requests and service providers to bid for them. To reduce the transactional risks, marketplaces typically track and publish previous seller performance. By analyzing a detailed transactional data set with more than 1,800,000 bids corresponding to 270,000 projects posted between 2001 and 2010 in a leading online intermediary for software development services, we empirically study the effects of the reputation system on market outcomes. We consider both a structured measure summarized in a numerical reputation score and an unstructured measure based on the verbal praise left by previous buyers, which we encode using text mining techniques. We find that buyers trade off reputation both structured and unstructured and price and are willing to accept higher bids posted by more reputable bidders. Sellers also respond to changes in their own reputation through three different channels. They increase their bids with their reputation score price effect but primarily use a superior reputation to increase their probability of being selected volume effect as opposed to increasing their bid prices. Negative shocks in seller reputation are associated to an increase in the probability of seller exit exit effect, but this effect is moderated by the investment that the seller has made in the site. We conclude that participants in this market are very responsive to the numerical reputation score and also to the unstructured reputational information, which behaves in a similar way to the structured numerical reputation score but provides complementary information.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a technique for making an otherwise optically-thick medium transparent to laser radiation.’ The basic idea is to use two lasers or electromagnetic fields whose frequency difference is equal to a Raman (or two-photon) transition of the atom or molecule. We term these fields as the coupling field and the probe field. Figure 1 shows some of the possibilities. Transparency may be created in a (a) three-state system, or (b) in the continuum. Instead, (c) a medium which is already transparent, but is refractively thick (sL » 1), may be made refractively thin (sL « 1).
Partial Retirement and the Earnings Test

This paper studies the effects of the earnings test on retirement behavior. The earnings tests of most social security systems tax post0retirement earnings at a relatively high level and do not lead to actuarially fair increases in futere benefits. This results in discouragement of partial retirement. The paper shows that a reduction in the earnings test's tax rate is likely to increase part-time work, and that, in special cases, the increase in work effort may even lead to a reduction in the net transfer from social security to the individual.
The Role of Blackboard-Based Reasoning and Visual Analytics in RESIN's Predictive Analysis

Knowledge gathering and investigative tasks in open environments can be very complex because the problem-solving context is constantly evolving, and the data may be incomplete, unreliable and/or conflicting. This paper significantly extends our previous work on a mixed-initiative agent by making it capable of assisting humans in foraging task analysis using AI blackboard-based reasoning, visualizations and a mix-initiative user interface. The agent is equipped with the ability to adapt its processing to available resources, deadlines and its current problem-solving context.
Biomass-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas-turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g. wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10% of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
Characterizing per-application network traffic using entropy

The Internet has been evolving into a more heterogeneous internetwork with diverse new applications imposing more stringent bandwidth and QoS requirements. Already new applications such as YouTube, Hulu, and Netflix are consuming a large fraction of the total bandwidth. We argue that, in order to engineer future internets such that they can adequately cater to their increasingly diverse and complex set of applications while using resources efficiently, it is critical to be able to characterize the load that emerging and future applications place on the underlying network. In this article, we investigate entropy as a metric for characterizing per-flow network traffic complexity. While previous work has analyzed aggregated network traffic, we focus on studying isolated traffic flows. Per-application flow characterization caters to the need of network control functions such as traffic scheduling and admission control at the edges of the network. Such control functions necessitate differentiating network traffic on a per-application basis. The “entropy fingerprints” that we get from our entropy estimator summarize many characteristics of each application's network traffic. Not only can we compare applications on the basis of peak entropy, but we can also categorize them based on a number of other properties of the fingerprints.
Temporary shocks and offshoring: The role of external economies and firm heterogeneity

We construct a model of offshoring with externalities and firm heterogeneity. Due to the presence of externalities, temporary shocks like the Y2K problem can have permanent effects, i.e., they can permanently raise the extent of offshoring in an industry. Also, the initial advantage of a country as a potential host for outsourcing activities can create a lock in effect, whereby late movers have a comparative disadvantage. Furthermore, the existence of firm heterogeneity along with externalities can help explain the dynamic process of offshoring, where the most productive firms offshore first and the others follow later. Finally, we work out some unexpected welfare implications which show that net industry profits can be lower in an outsourcing equilibrium than in a regime of no outsourcing. Consumer welfare rises, and under fairly plausible conditions this effect can offset the negative impact on profits.
A simple scheme for motion boundary detection

Abstract A new approach is developed for detecting motion boundaries and independent motion without explicit estimation of the motion field. The formulation is based on the differential optical flow equation and uses a piecewise linear model for the image intensity data. Compared with previous techniques, our approach has greater simplicity and makes less specific assumptions on the motion field. Experimental results on real image sequences and real time implementation are included.
Topologically correct reconstruction of tortuous contour forests

Motivated by the need for correct and robust 3D models of neuronal processes, we present a method for reconstruction of spatially realistic and topologically correct models from planar cross sections of multiple objects. Previous work in 3D reconstruction from serial contours has focused on reconstructing one object at a time, potentially producing inter-object intersections between slices. We have developed a robust algorithm that removes these intersections using a geometric approach. Our method not only removes intersections but can guarantee a given minimum separation distance between objects. This paper describes the algorithm for geometric adjustment, proves correctness, and presents several results of our high-fidelity modeling.
The Dynamics of Reintroducing, Supplementing and Controlling Endangered Predator Populations

A dynamic model is developed to analyze the reintroduction of endangered predators. Non-convexities and the conditions under which reintroduction is sub-optimal are studied. Following reintroduction, costly population control should be initiated before marginal animals impose net costs, providing an economic interpretation to changes in the sign of the shadow price.
China’s New Development Strategy: Environment and Energy Security

This paper analyzes China's development strategy by focusing on both global and regional approaches to solving problems of energy security and ecological imbalance by addressing specifically the problems of China’s energy security. PRC’s growing energy dependence has become a major concern for both economic and national security policymakers in that country. The ambitious goal of modernization of the economy along the lines of the other newly industrialized economies(NIEs) of Asia has succeeded only too well, and it is difficult to reorient economic priorities. If examined rigorously, such an economic strategic assumption can be seen to entail the goal of creating further technological capabilities. In particular, China seems to be firmly committed to the creation of a largely self-sustaining innovation system as part of a knowledge-based economy of the future . Such innovation systems, called positive feedback loop innovation systems or POLIS have been created by advanced countries, and NIEs such as South Korea and Taiwan are proceeding to create these as well. But this will add to its energy burden and further dependence on the US as the power which controls the key sea lanes. Only a strategic reorientation to building a self-sustaining POLIS and appropriate regional cooperation institutions can lead to the way out of the current dilemma for China. Fortunately, such a model of POLIS which is distributionally and ecologically sensitive can be built for China and applied strategically to lead towards a sustainable development trajectory. However, time is of the essence. Given the path dependence of development unless strategic disengagement from the existing path followed by a strategic engagement with the alternative strategy is begun within the next five years, it may well be too late. The stakes are indeed very high. A more detailed strategy paper based on the key ideas from the alternative strategy outlined here with concrete quantitative scenarios and feasibility studies along the lines of models sketched in the appendix ( and other, more detailed models) will go some distance towards giving the appropriate analytical foundations for the policy makers. The preliminary results confirm the predictions regarding fossil fuel-based energy shortage and lead towards a serious consideration of alternative energy sources. Achieving the twin goals of energy security and ecological balance are challenging but not impossible for China. Serious policy research can be used effectively if there is the political will to do so. The goal of regional cooperation is also achievable if patient negotiations in good faith can start in earnest. In particular, cooperation with other Asian economies, particularly Japan, Indonesia, Viet Nam and India will be crucial.This paper has sketched out the complexities of cooperation and conflict between China and Japan. Future work will address the problems of Regional cooperation for China in the East, South and South Asian context as well as in the context of Africa and Latin America.
Nonparametric Methods for Doubly Truncated Data

Abstract Truncated data play an important role in the statistical analysis of astronomical observations as well as in survival analysis. The motivating example for this article concerns a set of measurements on quasars in which there is double truncation. That is, the quasars are observed only if their luminosity occurs within a certain finite interval, bounded at both ends, with the interval varying for different observations. Nonparametric methods for the testing and estimation of doubly truncated data are developed. These methods extend some known techniques for data that are truncated only on one side, in particular Lynden-Bell's estimator and the truncated version of Kendall's tau statistic. However the kind of hazard function arguments that underlie the one-sided methods fail for two-sided truncation. Bootstrap and Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques are used here in their place. Finally, we apply these techniques to the quasar data, answering a question about their long-term luminosity evolution.
Efficient planning under uncertainty with macro-actions

Deciding how to act in partially observable environments remains an active area of research. Identifying good sequences of decisions is particularly challenging when good control performance requires planning multiple steps into the future in domains with many states. Towards addressing this challenge, we present an online, forward-search algorithm called the Posterior Belief Distribution (PBD). PBD leverages a novel method for calculating the posterior distribution over beliefs that result after a sequence of actions is taken, given the set of observation sequences that could be received during this process. This method allows us to efficiently evaluate the expected reward of a sequence of primitive actions, which we refer to as macro-actions. We present a formal analysis of our approach, and examine its performance on two very large simulation experiments: scientific exploration and a target monitoring domain. We also demonstrate our algorithm being used to control a real robotic helicopter in a target monitoring experiment, which suggests that our approach has practical potential for planning in real-world, large partially observable domains where a multistep lookahead is required to achieve good performance.
TEXPROS: AN INTELLIGENT DOCUMENT PROCESSING SYSTEM

This paper presents the design of an intelligent document processing system, called TEXPROS. The system is a combination of filing and retrieval systems, which supports storing, extracting, classifying, categorizing, retrieving and browsing information from a variety of documents. TEXPROS is built based on object-oriented programming and rule-based specification techniques. In this paper, we describe main design goals of the system, its data model, logical file structure, and strategies for document classification and categorization. We also illustrate various retrieval methods and query processing techniques through examples. Finally applications of TEXPROS are presented, where we suggest ways in which the use of the system may alter the software process model.
Ten Years of Precision Electroweak Physics

This summer we mark the tenth anniversary of the beginning of a very important period in the study of the Standard Model (SM) [1] and some of its extensions. Namely, in August of 1989, LEP started operations at CERN. Approximately at the same time, SLC and the Mark II detector were switched on at SLAC, and FNAL began the precision studies of the W mass. There have also been important contributions from other great laboratories. A very attractive feature of this subject and period has been the detailed interplay between theory and experiment. On the experimental side, the accuracy often reaches 0.1% and sometimes it is much better, as in the measurement of the Z mass. On the theoretical side, the study of electroweak corrections to allowed processes, i.e. processes not forbidden in lowest order, has been the basis for the detailed comparisons currently achieved. Because the path to renormalization has been often reviewed, I will focus on certain aspects and applications of the theory that are closely connected with experiment. This subject is vast and my time limited, so that the topics and references are not intended to be exhaustive. In particular, apologies are due beforehand for the omission of many important contributions. From the beginning, in order to regularize ultraviolet divergences, most calculations in electroweak physics have been carried out in the dimensional regularization scheme [2]. The application of this approach to regularize infrared divergences and mass singularities was proposed and analyzed somewhat later [3]. In the seventies, radiative corrections to ,B and muon decays played an important role in the analysis of the universality of the weak interactions and its implications for the phenomenological viability of the SM [4]. The evaluation of the one-loop corrections to gμ 2 dates from that period, and there were also a number of important qualitative results, such as the absence of parity and strangeness violating corrections of 0(a) to strong interactions [5], the cancelation of ultraviolet divergences in natural relations [6], the discovery that heavy particles do not generally decouple in electroweak corrections and that a heavy top quark gives contributions of O(GN,m?) to the p parameter [7], and
Significance of unilateral ear extinction on the dichotic listening test

The association between unilateral ear extinction on the dichotic listening test and the lateralization of epileptogenic foci was examined in a sample of 49 seizure patients undergoing preoperative evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Results from patients who were left hemisphere dominant for speech indicated that right ear impairment was always predictive of a unilateral left hemisphere focus, but left ear extinction was associated with unilateral lesions of either hemisphere. In this patient sample, dichotic listening performance reflected an interaction of both lateralized foci and hemispheric preference of language processing. Implications concerning clinical use of the dichotic listening test are discussed.
Immigrant Place Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles, 1970–99

Proclamations of the death of Los Angeles’ growth machine are premature. These proclamations overlook the growing role of immigrant Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in regional property development. Since 1970, Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs have seriously restructured Los Angeles’ morphology, creating hierarchically arranged residential and business clusters for co–ethnic immigrants. Koreatown and Monterey Park are the brand names most familiar to outsiders, but these prominent localities really coexist with a multiplicity of less well–known ethnic communities that owe their origins to immigrant property developers. The immigrant property developers use the classic methods of the growth machine: buy land cheaply, promote it in Chinese or Korean emigration basins, then sell it to co–ethnic immigrants at a profit. In the process, the immigrant property developers reduce the difficulty of immigration to Los Angeles at the same time that they enhance its perceived desirability. The success of the Chinese and Korean developers highlights the hazard of assuming, as is conventionally done, that ethnic residential clustering arises from leaderless social processes. In both these highlighted cases, entrepreneurial elites created residential clusters of co–ethnics from conscious, long–term plans that required political as well as economic savoir–faire. In so doing, the immigrant property developers joined the Los Angeles growth machine whose fortunes, admittedly, have been waning among the native born population of the region. La mort annoncee de la dynamique de croissance de Los Angeles est prematuree. Ce serait oublier le role grandissant des chefs d’entreprise immigres coreens et chinois dans l’amenagement immobilier regional. Depuis 1970, ces entrepreneurs ont considerablement restructure la morphologie de Los Angeles, creant des ‘agglomerats’ commerciaux et residentiels hierarchises pour migrants de m?me ethnie. Si Koreatown et Monterey Park sont des noms bien connus des etrangers, ces lieux dominants coexistent en realite avec une multiplicite de communautes ethniques moins renommees qui doivent leurs origines a des promoteurs immigres. Ces derniers appliquent les mecanismes classiques de la prosperite: acheter le terrain bon marche, le promouvoir dans des bassins d’emigration chinois ou coreens, puis le vendre a profita des immigrants co–ethniques. Ainsi, les promoteurs immigres facilitent l’immigration vers Los Angeles tout en en accentuant l’aspect attractif. La reussite des amenageurs chinois et coreens souligne le risque qu’il y a a supposer, comme bien souvent, que tout regroupement residentiel ethnique nait de processus sociaux non diriges. Dans les deux cas exposes, les elites commerciales ont cree des regroupements residentiels de m?me ethnie selon des plans deliberes a long terme, impliquant un savoir–faire a la fois politique et economique. Ce faisant, les promoteurs immigres ont rejoint la dynamique de croissance de Los Angeles qui, il est vrai, a vu decliner les succes au sein de sa population de souche.
QCD structure of leptons

Abstract The QCD structure of the electron is defined and calculated. The leading order splitting functions are extracted, showing an important contribution from γ-Z interference. Leading logarithmic QCD evolution equations are constructed and solved in the asymptotic region where log2 behaviour of the parton densities is observed. Corrections to the naive evolution procedure are demonstrated. Possible applications with clear manifestation of “resolved” photon and weak bosons are discussed.
Feeling Like My Self: Emotion Profiles and Social Identity

Individuals possess social identities that contain unique, identity-relevant attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs providing “what-to-do” information when enacting that identity. We suggest that social identities are also associated with specific discrete emotion profiles providing “what-to-feel” information during identity enactment. We show that consumers prefer emotional stimuli consistent with their salient social identity, make product choices and emotion regulating consumption decisions to enhance (reduce) their experience of identity-consistent (inconsistent) emotions, and that experiencing identity-consistent emotions aids in the performance of identity-relevant tasks.
Effect of substrate manipulation on reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat hearts

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of substrate manipulationon reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Isolated rat hearts were perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing either (in mM): glucose 11 (G1), glucose 22 (G2), or glucose 11 with either xylitol 11 (GX), mannitol 11 (GM), L-leucine 1 (GL), or L-glutamic acid 2 (GGA), respectively. Hearts were subjected to 10 min of global no-flow ischemia, followed by 20 min of reperfusion. Mean tissue perfusion, oxygen consumption, and peak left ventricular pressure (PLVP) were determined at baseline, in the first minute of regular heart rhythm following ischemia, and after 20 minutes of reperfusion. Reperfusion arrhythmia (in sec) was significantly (all p
Super-fast delay tradeoffs for utility optimal fair scheduling in wireless networks

We consider the fundamental delay tradeoffs for utility optimal scheduling in a general network with time-varying channels. A network controller acts on randomly arriving data and makes flow control, routing, and resource allocation decisions to maximize a fairness metric based on a concave utility function of network throughput. A simple set of algorithms are constructed that yield total utility within O(1/V) of the utility-optimal operating point, for any control parameter V>0, with a corresponding end-to-end network delay that grows only logarithmically in V. This is the first algorithm to achieve such "super-fast" performance. Furthermore, we show that this is the best utility-delay tradeoff possible. This work demonstrates that the problem of maximizing throughput utility in a data network is fundamentally different than related problems of minimizing average power expenditure, as these latter problems cannot achieve such performance tradeoffs
The Vacuum in Light Cone Field Theory

This is an overview of the problem of the vacuum in light-cone field theory, stressing its close connection to other puzzles regarding light-cone quantization. I explain the sense in which the light-cone vacuum is “trivial,” and describe a way of setting up a quantum field theory on null planes so that it is equivalent to the usual equal-time formulation. This construction is quite helpful in resolving the puzzling aspects of the light-cone formalism. It furthermore allows the extraction of effective Hamiltonians that incorporate vacuum physics, but that act in a Hilbert space in which the vacuum state is simple. The discussion is fairly informal, and focuses mainly on the conceptual issues. Additional technical details of the construction described here will appear in a forthcoming paper written with Kent Hornbostel.
KSU KDD: Word Sense Induction by Clustering in Topic Space

We describe our language-independent unsupervised word sense induction system. This system only uses topic features to cluster different word senses in their global context topic space. Using unlabeled data, this system trains a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model then uses it to infer the topics distribution of the test instances. By clustering these topics distributions in their topic space we cluster them into different senses. Our hypothesis is that closeness in topic space reflects similarity between different word senses. This system participated in SemEval-2 word sense induction and disambiguation task and achieved the second highest V-measure score among all other systems.
Wage inequality and overeducation in a model with efficiency wages

. This paper shows that the existence and persistence of ‘overeducation’ can be explained by an extension of the efficiency wage model. When calibrated to fit the amounts of overeducation found in most empirical studies, the model implies that both the relative wage and the relative employment of high-skill workers depend inversely on aggregate economic activity. Keeping aggregate employment constant, furthermore, low-skill unemployment rises, following an increase in the relative supply of high-skill labour, and relative wages may be insensitive to changes in relative labour supplies. The model may help to explain rising wage inequality in some countries since the early 1970s. JEL classification: J31 Inegalite des salaires et sur-education dans un modele avec salaires d’efficacite. Ce memoire montre que l’existence et la persistance de la sur-education peut etre expliquee par une extension du modele des salaires d’efficacite. Quand on calibre le modele pour tenir compte des quantites de sur-education qu’on observe dans la plupart des travaux empiriques, le modele suggere que le salaire relatif et le niveau d’emploi relatif des travailleurs hautement qualifies a une correlation negative avec le niveau d’activiteeconomique agregee. Si l’on garde le niveau de chomage agrege constant, le niveau de chomage des travailleurs moins qualifies s’accroit a la suite d’un accroissement dans l’offre relative de travail hautement qualifie, et les salaires relatifs peuvent ne pas etre sensibles aux changements dans les offres relatives de travail. Le modele peut aider a expliquer l’inegalite croissante des salaires dans certains pays depuis le debut des annees 1970.
Noun-Phrase Co-occurrence Statistics for Semi-Automatic Semantic Lexicon Construction

Generating semantic lexicons semi-automatically could be a great time saver, relative to creating them by hand. In this paper, we present an algorithm for extracting potential entries for a category from an on-line corpus, based upon a small set of exemplars. Our algorithm finds more correct terms and fewer incorrect ones than previous work in this area. Additionally, the entries that are generated potentially provide broader coverage of the category than would occur to an individual coding them by hand. Our algorithm finds many terms not included within Wordnet (many more than previous algorithms), and could be viewed as an "enhancer" of existing broad-coverage resources.
Fredholm Determinants, Differential Equations and Matrix Models

Orthogonal polynomial random matrix models ofN×N hermitian matrices lead to Fredholm determinants of integral operators with kernel of the form (ϕ(x)ψ(y)−ψ(x)ϕ(y))/x−y. This paper is concerned with the Fredholm determinants of integral operators having kernel of this form and where the underlying set is the union of intervals\(J = \cup _{j = 1}^m (a_{2j - 1 ,{\text{ }}} a_{2j} )\). The emphasis is on the determinants thought of as functions of the end-pointsak.
Parent-Child Quality Time Does Birth Order Matter?

Using data from the American Time Use Survey, I find that a first-born child receives 20-30 more minutes of quality time each day with his or her parent than a second-born child of the same age from a similar family. The birth-order difference results from parents giving roughly equal time to each child at any point in time while the amount of parent-child quality time decreases as children get older. These results provide a plausible explanation for recent research showing a very significant effect of birth order on child outcomes.
Time Sensitive Ranking with Application to Publication Search

Link-based ranking has contributed significantly to the success of Web search. PageRank and HITS are the best known link-based ranking algorithms. These algorithms do not consider an important dimension, the temporal dimension. They favor older pages because these pages have many in-links accumulated over time. Bringing new and quality pages to the users is important because most users want the latest information. Existing remedies to PageRank are mostly heuristic approaches. This paper investigates the temporal aspect of ranking with application to publication search, and proposes a principled method based on the stationary probability distribution of the Markov chain. The proposed techniques are evaluated empirically using a large collection of high energy particle physics publication. The results show that the proposed methods are highly effective.
Target Zones and Exchange Rate Dynamics

This paper develops a simple model of exchange rate behavior under a target zone regime. It shows that the expectation that monetary policy will be adjusted to limit exchange rate variation affects exchange rate behavior even when the exchange rate lies inside the zone and is thus not being defended actively. Somewhat surprisingly, the analysis of target zones turns out to have a strong formal similarity to problems in option pricing and investment under uncertainty.
Rheology and microstructural evolution in pressure-driven flow of a magnetorheological fluid with strong particle–wall interactions

The interaction between magnetorheological (MR) fluid particles and the walls of the device that retain the field-responsive fluid is critical as this interaction provides the means for coupling the physical device to the field-controllable properties of the fluid. This interaction is often enhanced in actuators by the use of ferromagnetic walls that generate an attractive force on the particles in the field-on state. In this article, the aggregation dynamics of MR fluid particles and the evolution of the microstructure in pressure-driven flow through ferromagnetic channels are studied using custom-fabricated microfluidic devices with ferromagnetic sidewalls. The aggregation of the particles and the time-dependent evolution in the microstructure is studied in rectilinear, expansion and contraction channel geometries. These observations help identify methods for improving MR actuator design and performance.
Price level determinacy and monetary policy under a balanced-budget requirement

Abstract This paper analyzes the implications of a balanced-budget fiscal policy rule for price-level determination in a cash-in-advance economy under three alternative monetary policy regimes. It shows that the price level is indeterminate under a nominal interest rate peg and determinate under a money growth rate peg. Under a feedback rule that sets the nominal interest rate as a non-negative and non-decreasing function of the inflation rate, the price level is indeterminate for both low and high values of the inflation elasticity of the feedback rule and determinate for intermediate values. We also study balanced-budget rules that allow for bounded secondary surpluses or deficits. Comparing our results to those emphasized in the fiscal theory of the price level, it becomes clear that a key consideration for price-level determination is whether fiscal policy is specified as an exogenous sequence of primary surpluses/deficits or, alternatively, as an exogenous sequence of secondary surpluses/deficits.