cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Role for Caveolin in Transport of Cholesterol from Endoplasmic Reticulum to Plasma Membrane

Caveolin is a 22-kDa membrane protein found associated with a coat material decorating the inner membrane surface of caveolae. A remarkable feature of this protein is its ability to migrate from caveolae directly to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when membrane cholesterol is oxidized. We now present evidence caveolin is involved in transporting newly synthesized cholesterol from the ER directly to caveolae. MA104 cells and normal human fibroblasts transported new cholesterol to caveolae with a half-time of approximately 10 min. The cholesterol then rapidly flowed from caveolae to non-caveolae membrane. Cholesterol moved out of caveolae even when the supply of fresh cholesterol from the ER was interrupted. Treatment of cells with 10 microg/ml progesterone blocked cholesterol movement from ER to caveolae. Simultaneously, caveolin accumulated in the lumen of the ER, suggesting cholesterol transport is linked to caveolin movement. Caveolae fractions from cells expressing caveolin were enriched in cholesterol 3-4-fold, while the same fractions from cells lacking caveolin were not enriched. Cholesterol transport to the cell surface was nearly 4 times more rapid in cells expressing caveolin than in matched cells lacking caveolin.
Anesthesia for occlusive vascular disease

This article discusses the neuroanesthetic considerations for microsurgical carotid endarterectomy. Preoperative considerations, anesthetic techniques, anticoagulation strategy, neurophysiological monitoring, and cerebral protective maneuvers are reviewed. A short discussion of potential complications is also provided.
Development of liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of phytosterols in Standard Reference Materials containing saw palmetto

Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometric (APCI-MS) detection were developed for the separation and analysis of the phytosterols campesterol, cycloartenol, lupenone, lupeol, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. Brassicasterol and cholesterol were also included for investigation as internal standards. The methods were used to identify and quantify the phytosterols in each of two Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Values obtained by LC-MS were compared to those obtained using the more traditional approach of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. This is the first reported use of LC-MS to determine phytosterols in saw palmetto dietary supplement materials.
Behavioral differentiation between two species of cactiphilicDrosophila. 1. Adult geotaxis and phototaxis

Using Hirsch-Hadler geotaxis and phototaxis mazes, we measured the responses of 2 cactiphilic species ofDrosophila, D. mettleri andD. nigrospiracula, to gravity and to light. Both species were found to be photonegative but they differed significantly from each other in their geotactic behavior.D. mettleri was geonegative whileD. nigrospiracula was geopositive. This result was surprising in that natural populations show a contrasting vertical distribution withD. nigrospiracula located higher thanD. mettleri on rotting saguaro substrates.
Bilateral diffuse lamellar keratitis following consecutive selective laser trabeculoplasty in LASIK patient.

A 48-year-old man with a history of myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) had selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for the treatment of glaucoma in the right eye. He subsequently developed grade 2 diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK). He then elected to have SLT in the left eye and developed grade 1 DLK. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral consecutive late postoperative DLK following SLT after LASIK. Financial disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Nonpromotion correlates and outcomes at different grade levels.

A comprehensive survey of 200 student folders revealed that elementary school (ES) nonpromotion is primarily associated with low academic achievement and low IQ, whereas a junior high school (JHS) nonpromotion is mainly correlated to behavioral suspensions and excessive absenteeism. Having an ES nonpromotion increases the risk of a later grade retention five fold. During the year following an ES nonpromotion, the behavioral and academic outcome is significantly improved and is generally satisfactory. This is clearly not the case after a JHS grade retention.
Availability of financial services and income inequality: The evidence from many countries

Abstract Using a sample of developed and developing countries this study empirically gauges the impact of the availability of financial services, as measured by the number of bank branches per 100,000 populations on income inequality. The results show that greater access to bank branches robustly reduces income inequality across countries. The study also documents that barriers to bank access significantly increases income inequality.
Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an adult: a case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors predominantly occur in children, and are rare in the adult population. Less than 100 cases of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor have been reported in adults internationally. Our case study reports this rare incident. Case presentation: A 22-year-old Hispanic man presented with headaches, blurry vision, diplopia, intermittent vomiting, and grossly decreased vision. A magnetic resonance image showed a left posterior parietal heterogeneously enhancing mass measuring 4.2cm × 7.2cm × 7.0cm. After craniotomy for resection and decompression, the mass was histologically revealed to be a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Standardized immunohistochemical studies for this mass were carried out. Conclusion: We have concluded that immunohistochemical and genetic workup should be included in the standardized pathological workup for primitive neuroectodermal tumors in order to provide more prognostic information. Based on our current literature review, we propose an immunohistochemical panel.
A Controlled Seroprevalence Survey of Primate Handlers for Evidence of Asymptomatic Herpes B Virus Infection

Herpes B virus (BV) is a common cause of recurring mucocutaneous infections in monkeys of the genus Macaca. Like its human counterpart, herpes simplex virus (HSV), BV establishes lifelong latency and can be reactivated from infected monkeys symptomatically or asymptomatically. Incidental infection of humans handling BV-shedding monkeys can result in fatal meningoencephalitis. To determine whether humans exposed to infected monkeys can acquire asymptomatic BV infections, 480 subjects were evaluated in a controlled seroprevalence study. Sera from 321 primate handlers, including many with repeated injuries inflicted by Macaca monkeys, and 159 people never exposed to monkeys were tested in blinded fashion by both competition ELISA and Western blot to determine the prevalence of BV and HSV seropositivity. Although 293 persons proved positive for HSV antibodies, no primate handlers or control subjects showed BV-specific antibody responses. There is no serologic evidence that BV causes asymptomatic infections in humans.
THE SIX FACETS MODEL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT: A STUDY IN THE DIGITAL BUSINESS INDUSTRY

In this paper, we examine the fundamental process and production innovations in the digital business industry through the lens of the six facets model of technology management. The model is applied to process and product innovation at both the firm and industry level for the first time, offering insight into the digital business industry and also into how process and product innovations can be managed in an industry facing high levels of technological change. We use case histories of two digital businesses, one in the US and one in China, to provide greater generalizability of our findings.
Hemorrhage-induced reductions in plasma atrial natriuretic factor in the ovine fetus.

To investigate the effects of blood volume reduction on fetal plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations, chronically catheterized ovine fetuses at 109 to 138 days' gestation were subjected either to withdrawal of two consecutive blood samples or to a moderate hemorrhage. In fetuses from which two blood samples of 3.5 ml each (approximately 1 % of fetal blood volume) were withdrawn under basal conditions at 15- to 30-minute intervals, plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations in the second sample decreased by 17 ± 7 pglml from 178 ± 8 pglml in the first sample (p
Cardiologists and molecular biology

The explosion of new diagnostic and therapeutic advances in cardiovascular medicine and surgery over the past 40 years has been remarkable. One of the hallmarks of professional life in the cardiovascular world during this period is the absence of a status quo. While clinical inventiveness and application of developments from outside medicine have played a role in this explosion, medical research has been a cornerstone in the advances in patient care. Comroe has demonstrated the diversity of research effort that led to successful application of open heart surgery noting the need for both investigator initiated and targeted approaches [l]. An example of the former with profound influence on subsequent cardiology practice, was the introduction of cardiac catheterization for which Werner Forsmann, Andre Coumand, and Dickinson Richards received the 1956 Nobel Prize in medicine. As the potentials of cardiac surgery expanded in the 1960s increasing demands for more precision in diagnostic accuracy evolved, resulting in an intellectual focus on hemodynamics and diagnostic imaging. The net result has been a great attraction to applied and developmental research in diagnostic technologies. For many cardiologists, this appears to have diverted interest from more fundamental basic science activity. Indeed, Braunwald [2] in his Heberden Lecture noted the disproportionate effort of cardiologists in diagnostic technologies as compared with research on fundamental mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. There does seem then a need for more awareness among clinical cardiologists and cardiovascular investigators of advances in other areas of biological science. Recognition of the imbalance in application of advances in molecular biology to research in cardiovascular disease has led to a Program Announcement of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to stimulate proposals for Centers of
Identification of motifs that function in the splicing of non-canonical introns

Background While the current model of pre-mRNA splicing is based on the recognition of four canonical intronic motifs (5' splice site, branchpoint sequence, polypyrimidine (PY) tract and 3' splice site), it is becoming increasingly clear that splicing is regulated by both canonical and non-canonical splicing signals located in the RNA sequence of introns and exons that act to recruit the spliceosome and associated splicing factors. The diversity of human intronic sequences suggests the existence of novel recognition pathways for non-canonical introns. This study addresses the recognition and splicing of human introns that lack a canonical PY tract. The PY tract is a uridine-rich region at the 3' end of introns that acts as a binding site for U2AF65, a key factor in splicing machinery recruitment.
Play and social behavior in maltreated preschoolers

This study investigates play and nonplay behavior in maltreated and nonmaltreated preschool children. In addition, standardized tests of cognitive and language ability were administered, and teachers rated the children's classroom behavior. Thirty 4–5-year-old children participated in the study: 15 had a history of child abuse, and 15 nonabused children served as a matched control group. Across a 6-week period, children's social and play interactions were videotaped in the classroom. Videotape recordings were analyzed for the level of social participation and cognitive play. No differences were found between the two groups on the standardized measures. However, maltreated, relative to nonmaltreated, children engaged in less overall play and greater functional or sensorimotor play. Maltreated children also engaged in more transitional behavior and aggression, were less competent with peers, and were perceived by teachers as more emotionally disturbed. Results of this study suggest that the impact of maltreatment extends beyond the family into play and social relationships in preschool.
Comparing models of IT and economic growth: An empirical investigation

Does IT help generate economic growth? Studies in developed economies say that the answer is yes. Yet, when we also consider emerging markets, the answer is less clear. Some studies find value from IT, while others fail to find any value. One possible reason for the discrepancy is the model used. We may need a new model when trying to compare the value of IT investments between both developed and developing countries. In this paper, we derive a model for analyzing IT investments at the country level. Although similar to the previous approaches, this model has one important difference: it disaggregates the historic investments in IT and current investments in IT. Furthermore, instead of relying on the perpetual inventory method to measure capital stock, we measure the current level of IT infrastructure with an index based on the ITUs Digital Access Index. This reduces a common source of measurement error. Using the new analytical model, we empirically test the model versus the traditional model. When using the traditional model, we once again fail to find a positive significant benefit from IT. When using our new model, however, we find that IT has a positive and significant effect on economic growth.
γ-Glutamyltransferase: value of its measurement in paediatrics:

-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a microsomal enzyme that is widely distributed in human tissues involved in secretory and absorptive processes, particularly the bile canaliculi. Serum GGT is elevated in liver diseases affecting the biliary system, such as extrahepatic biliary atresia, sclerosing cholangitis and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 3. Conversely, two other subtypes of PFIC have normal or low serum GGT activity, discordant with the degree of cholestasis. GGT is also useful in detecting cholestasis associated with parenteral nutrition and assessing the efecacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in its treatment. GGT may also help screening for biliary complications on patients that have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation. The reference range for GGT is age dependent. In normal full-term neonates the activity at birth is approximately six to seven times the upper limit of the adult reference range. The activity then declines, reaching adult levels by the age of 5- 7 months. Ann Clin Biochem 2002; 39: 22- 25
LIM kinase 1 deficient mice have reduced bone mass

Abstract The cytoskeleton determines cell shape and is involved in cell motility. It also plays a role in differentiation and in modulating specialized cellular functions. LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) participates in cytoskeletal remodeling by phosphorylating and inactivating the actin-severing protein, cofilin. Severing F-actin to release G-actin monomers is required for actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Although less well established, LIMK1 may also influence the cell cycle and modulate metalloproteinase activity. Since the role of LIMK1 in bone cell biology has not been reported, the skeletal phenotype of LIMK1−/− mice was examined. LIMK1−/− mice had significantly reduced trabecular bone mass when analyzed by microCT (p
Corporate mergers, stockholder diversification, and changes in systematic risk

Strategic management literature suggests a relationship between systematic risk and the relatedness of merging firms. This is tested for a sample of 120 large mergers by controlling for the systematic risk of the target firm, correcting for possible problems of heteroskedast icity, and estimating shifts in risk over daily as well as monthly time horizons. Finally, the infiuence of leverage is considered. The findings highlight a performance distinction between corporate diversification and stockholder diversification in instances of related and unrelated mergers.
Effects of Common Viruses on Yield and Quality of Beauregard Sweetpotato in Louisiana

Clark, C. A., and Hoy, M. W. 2006. Effects of common viruses on yield and quality of Beauregard sweetpotato in Louisiana. Plant Dis. 90:83-88. During cycles of vegetative propagation, sweetpotato accumulates viruses that are thought to contribute to decline in yield and quality of cultivars, but the effects of specific viruses, many of which have been described only recently, are unknown. Field plots planted with graft-inoculated plants of a virus-tested (VT) mericlone of cv. Beauregard were used to assess the effects of three common potyviruses, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato virus G (SPVG), and Ipomoea vein mosaic virus (IVMV); and a begomovirus, Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), compared with natural inoculum introduced by grafting plants from farmers’ stock. Single infections with SPFMV, SPVG, or IVMV did not significantly affect yield, whereas mixed infections with SPFMV + SPVG or SPFMV + SPVG + IVMV resulted in mean yields 14% less than the VT controls. Infection with SPLCV resulted in mean yields 26% less than the VT controls, despite not causing symptoms on the foliage. However, grafting with farmers’ plants infected with an unknown mixture of pathogens resulted in mean yields 31 to 44% less than the VT controls. Infection with potyviruses resulted in storage roots with tan periderm and infection with SPLCV induced darker periderm than the rosy VT controls. Infection with the viruses known to occur commonly in the United States did not reproduce the magnitude of yield reduction that has been observed with naturally infected plants.
Hydrocarbon components of the trail pheromone of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis Invicta

Abstract Terpenoid trail pheromone components were isolated from whole worker extracts of the red imported fire ant, and identified as Z,E and E,E -α-farnesene, and the previously unreported homofarnesenes Z,Z and Z,E -3,4,7,11-tetramethy1-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene.
Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Cellular Metabolism

Experimental evidence is presented that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is dependent on oxygen concentration in its physiologic range both in vivo and in vitro. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered to act as a tissue oxygen sensor important for controlling local vascular resistance.
Indo-Pakistani Relations: Reciprocity in Long-Term Perspective

This article examines the foreign policy behavior of two rival states, India and Pakistan. Previous studies of this dyad reveal competing causal claims concerning the nature of Indian and Pakistani relations. I argue that Indian and Pakistani foreign policy behavior exhibits strong short-term relations in the context of long-term “memories” that shape future expectations of their bilateral relations. The results indicate that reciprocity in Indo-Pakistani relations is shaped by a long-term equilibrium and suggest a reconceptualization of the nature of the Indo-Pakistani relations. The findings highlight the legacy of suspicions between these two countries, providing sober insights into the possibilities for reducing conflict and promoting cooperation in South Asia.
Reflecting on my time as editor-in-chief.

As my term as Editor-in-Chief comes to an end, it is naturalto reﬂect on the course that the Journal and the ﬁeld ofmolecular pathology has taken throughout the past 5 years.The ﬁrst issue of The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics(JMD) in 1999 featured papers on single-gene in situ hy-bridization. The January 2010 issue of the Journal, the ﬁrstissue of my tenure, featured state-of-the-art single gene real-time PCR methods as well as advanced array-based di-agnostics, with both techniques able to address genetics,hematopathology, solid tumors, and infectious diseases.Introduction of the microarray, whether used for DNAsequence analysis or for quantitative assessment of RNAexpression, represented the leading edge of technology inthe diagnostic laboratory at that time. Although these tech-nologies remain a part of the diagnostic armamentarium,analysis of recent issues demonstrates that communityattention has shifted to miRNAs and next-generationsequencing. It is nothing short of amazing to me to seewhole genomes sequenced in less time than it took us tosequence a single translocation/fusion region when theJournal ﬁrst began publication.Although the technology of molecular diagnostics haschanged, the responsibility of the Journal to “ﬁrmly estab-lish the clinical validity and utility of molecular diagnosticmethods,” as I articulated in my initial editorial,
The Effect of a Student Achievement Curriculum on Grade 9 Completion Rate and Student Engagement

Data collected in a quasi-experimental, pre–posttest design study from Grade 9 students (N = 197) was used to evaluate the impact of the evidence-based student success skills classroom program on G...
Autopilots for small unmanned aerial vehicles: A survey

This paper presents a survey of the autopilot systems for small or micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The objective is to provide a summary of the current commercial, open source and research autopilot systems for convenience of potential small UAV users. The UAV flight control basics are introduced first. The radio control system and autopilot control system are then explained from both the hardware and software viewpoints. Several typical off-the-shelf autopilot packages are compared in terms of sensor packages, observation approaches and controller strengths. Afterwards some open source autopilot systems are introduced. Conclusion is made with a summary of the current autopilot market and a remark on the future development.
Measurement of the phase of pulses after transmission through scattering tissue

Spectral phase deformation caused by transmission of femtosecond laser pulses through scattering tissue is measured directly. We show how slight deviations in phase consequently allow experimentally selective fluorescence imaging through tissue by binary phase shaping.
A Re-Examination Of The Effect Of Job-Relevant Information On The Budgetary Participation - Job Performance Relation During An Age Of Employee Empowerment

The current study is a substantive replication and extension of Kren’s 1992 study. Using survey data from 80 executive-level, profit center managers, Kren found that budgetary participation facilitates the acquisition of job-relevant information which, in turn, is associated with improved performance. Since Kren conducted his study, the work environment has changed; budgetary participation has come to include all levels of employees. Using self-reported data from 256 employees from Chief Financial Officer to Accounts Payable Clerk, we find that participation in the budgetary process is associated with positive increases in self-reported measures of job-relevant information and self-efficacy (task-specific self-confidence) which, in turn, are associated with positive increases in individual job performance. The results provide empirical support that the benefits of participation occur at lower levels within the organization as well as traditional upper management levels.
Weight loss after bariatric surgery: a propensity score analysis

Abstract Background Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has replaced laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) as the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure in the US for more than the past several years. Identifying which patients will achieve optimal outcomes remains challenging. We compared 90-d and 1-y outcomes between LSG and LRYGB patients and identified predictors of surgery type and excess body weight loss (EBWL). Methods Patient demographics, comorbidities, and weight loss were extracted from electronic health records of patients who underwent LRYGB ( n = 270) or LSG ( n = 74) from January 2010 through March 2014 at a single institution. Variables hypothesized to be associated with surgery type were included in a multivariable model to generate a propensity score for each patient. Propensity score–adjusted multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for characteristics associated with EBWL >50% were calculated. Results Overall 90-d complication rates were similar between the LRYGB and LSG cohorts. LRYGB patients had more frequent emergency department visits (27.1% versus 14.1%; P = 0.029) but similar rates of readmission (12.3% versus 8.5%; P = 0.53). Female sex, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and surgeon age ≥40 were associated with a greater likelihood of undergoing LRYGB. On propensity score–adjusted multivariable analysis, lower body mass index (OR 3.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66–5.40]), absence of type 2 diabetes (OR 2.55 [95% CI 1.43–4.54]), and undergoing LRYGB (OR 5.29 [95% CI 2.52–11.09]) were associated with EBWL >50%. Conclusions Sleeve gastrectomy patients had similar rates of complications compared with gastric bypass patients. Lower body mass index and absence of type 2 diabetes were associated with optimal weight loss. Incorporating these findings into preoperative discussions may help patients set reasonable postoperative goals.
Ion-beam-driven amorphization of Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2 single crystals

Single crystals of Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2, with 1% Nd substituted for La, were irradiated with 0.8 MeV Ne+ and 1.5 MeV Kr+ ions over the temperature range from 15 K to 773 K. The irradiations were carried out using the HVEM-Tandem Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The structural changes and the ion fluence for complete amorphization were determined by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The ion fluence for complete amorphization increased with temperature in two stages associated with defect annealing processes. The critical temperature for amorphization increased from ~360 K for 0.8 MeV Ne+ to ~710 K for 1.5 MeV Kr+. During in situannealing studies, irradiation-enhanced recrystallization was observed at 923 K. Spatially-resolved fluorescence spectra of the Nd ion excited with 488.0 nm laser excitation showed marked line-broadening toward the center of the amorphous regions. Initial measurements indicate the subtle shifts of the 9I9/2 groundstate energy levels can be measured by pumping directly into the excited state 4F3/2 manifold suggesting that the line broadening observed originates from a distribution of geometrically distorted Nd sites.
Work Engagement in Magnet®-Designated Hospitals: Exploring Social and Institutional Demographics of RNs to Optimize Improvement Efforts

OBJECTIVE:This study analyzed and evaluated relationships between work engagement (WE) and social/institutional demographic variables of RNs in Magnet®-designated hospitals.BACKGROUND:Organizational structures of Magnet-designated hospitals are recognized to promote engagement of RNs. Because little
Quality measures of plague host and vector monitoring in Zhejiang province

Objective To investigate the dynamic structure and distribution of plague hosts and vector communities in various regions of Zhejiang province to understand the epidemiological characteristics of plague.Methods The gray mathematical theory was adopted to measure the maximum effect indices based on relevant data of different regions,hosts,and flea populations.Results Fifteen types of animal host(25 588) as well as eight types of body flea(1944) were subject to quality measurement,resulting in differences between each pair of groups,indicating a dominant species among host animals of each region and a vector population in each dominant community.Given adequate privilege of each dominant group,early warning,prevention and investigation shall be implemented.Conclusion A typical mathematical matrix can be formed based on the number of rodents and species of fleas.The quality measurement indicated that the larger vector and flea numbers resulted in high measurement results,suggestive of high risk of plague in the region.
Informed consent as an ethical issue in modern optometry.

BACKGROUND Modern optometric practice contains many more mildly invasive procedures than it has traditionally. Concurrently, patients expect a more active role in decisions concerning their own health care, as, increasingly, these decisions may have harmful, as well as, salubrious, consequences. METHODS Literature from the philosophy of ethics as it pertains to the issue of informed consent was examined and applied to optometric procedures and practices. RESULTS A strong analogy exists between particular aspects of optometric practice and corresponding elements of medical practice with respect to well established ethical principles of informed consent. The legal doctrine of informed consent is not the only view applicable to optometry. CONCLUSION Modern optometric practice may easily and advantageously be adapted to incorporate ethical principles of informed consent. These principles, which should be distinguished from legal principles which bear upon the same issues, may enhance the quality of health-care decisions by optometrists without creating serious obstacles to the individual optometrist's practice mode.
Optimal configuration of series and parallel elasticity in a 2D Monoped

This paper uses optimal control to simultaneously optimize the motion and morphology of a realistic model of a 2D Monoped. In particular, we compare the energetics of four different actuator configurations: a parallel elastic actuator (PEA) in the hip and a series elastic actuator in the leg (SEA), series hip and parallel leg, series hip and series leg, and parallel hip and parallel leg. We use realistic models with mass in the legs and feet, damping in the springs, and detailed DC electric motor models. The comparison is carried out for the cost of transport of three energetic measures: positive motor work, electrical losses, and positive electrical work, and evaluated as a function of velocity. In our optimization we include motor parameters, stiffness, and spring pre-compression terms as free variables, ensuring that we compare the energetically optimal version of each configuration at each velocity. We show that for the positive motor work and the electrical losses costs of transport (COT), the parallel hip and series leg configuration is energetically optimal. For the electrical work, the optimal configuration is speed dependent, with series hip and parallel leg optimal at low speeds, and both series hip series leg and parallel hip series leg optimal at high speeds.
Osteoporosis in Organ Transplant Patients

Transplant osteoporosis has become a prevalent problem, as the numbers of patients receiving organ transplants and posttransplant survival have increased. Initially, transplant-related bone disease was considered to be due to glucocorticoid therapy. However, even after calcineurin inhibitors were introduced and glucocorticoid-sparing regimens adopted, patients continued to sustain rapid bone loss and fractures. In this chapter, we review both the evolution of and our current understanding of the effects of transplantation-immunosuppressive therapy on bone and mineral metabolism, as well as the potential effects of vitamin D in the immune system. We also review the epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenesis of bone loss and fracture in organ transplant candidates or recipients and summarize the results of therapeutic trials and make recommendations for prevention of bone loss during the initial acute phase following organ transplantation and treatment of established osteoporosis in organ transplant recipients.
Crystal structure, conformational analyses, and charge density distributions for ent-epifisetinidol : an explanation for regiospecific electrophilic aromatic substitution of 5-deoxyflavans

Abstract Molecular modeling and molecular orbital analyses of ent-epifisetinidol gave good predictions of the approximate “reverse half-chair” conformation found for the crystal structure. MNDO 2 and AM1 analyses of HOMO electron densities provided an explanation for the stereospecific electrophilic aromatic substitution at C(6) in 5-deoxy-flavans.
Mental Health and Substance-Use Reforms--Milestones Reached, Challenges Ahead.

Legislation regarding mental health parity and other health policy reforms have improved access to treatment for mental health and substance-use disorders, but ongoing problems include a shortage of mental health specialists and lack of systemwide integration.
Agitation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Frequent Omen of Hospital Complications Associated with Worse Outcomes.

Agitated delirium is frequent following acute brain injury, but data are limited in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We examined incidence, risk factors, and consequences of agitation in these patients in a single-center retrospective study. We identified all patients treated with antipsychotics or dexmedetomidine from a prospective observational cohort of patients with spontaneous SAH. Agitation was confirmed by chart review. Outcomes were assessed at 12 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), and Lawton IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) scores. Independent predictors were identified using logistic regression. From 309 SAH patients admitted between January 2011 and December 2015, 52 (17 %) developed agitation, frequently in the first 72 h (50 %) and in patients with Hunt–Hess grades 3–4 (12 % of grades 1–2, 28 % of grades 3–4, 8 % of grade 5). There was also a significant association between agitation and a history of cocaine use or prior psychiatric diagnosis. Agitated patients were more likely to develop multiple hospital complications; and in half of these patients, complications were diagnosed within 24 h of agitation onset. Agitation was associated with IADL impairment at 12 months (Lawton >8; p = 0.03, OR 2.7, 95 % CI, 1.1–6.8) in non-comatose patients (Hunt–Hess 1–4), but not with functional outcome (mRS >3), cognitive impairment (TICS ≤30), or ICU/hospital length of stay after controlling for other predictors. Agitation occurs frequently after SAH, especially in non-comatose patients with higher clinical grades. It is associated with the development of multiple hospital complications and may have an independent impact on long-term outcomes.
Torque Performance Comparison Between a Ferrite Magnet Vernier Motor and an Industrial Interior Permanent Magnet Machine

This paper proposes a low-speed dual-stator spoke-type vernier permanent magnet motor (DSSVPMM) using ferrite permanent magnets (PMs). The machine is designed and verified by finite element (FE) analysis. The final design is compared against a commercial industrial interior permanent magnet machine (IPMM) using rare earth PMs and a single air gap vernier spoke-type PM machine. The final design demonstrates higher torque density, lower torque ripple, and higher efficiency than those of the IPMM and the single air gap vernier spoke-type PM machine. A PM demagnetization analysis is provided for different fault currents and temperatures. The analysis concludes that the ferrite PMs are able to withstand the fault current without evidence of severe irreversible demagnetization. The proposed design also shows balanced net radial force.
Nitrate Photochemistry at the Air-Ice Interface and in Other Ice Reservoirs.

The photolysis of snowpack nitrate (NO3–) is an important source of gaseous reactive nitrogen species that affect atmospheric oxidants, particularly in remote regions. However, it is unclear whether nitrate photochemistry differs between the three solute reservoirs in/on ice: in liquid-like regions (LLRs) in the ice; within the solid ice matrix; and in a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at the air–ice interface, where past work indicates photolysis is enhanced. In this work, we explore the photoformation of nitrite in these reservoirs using laboratory ices. Nitrite quantum yields, Φ(NO2–), at 313 nm for aqueous and LLR ice samples agree with previous values, e.g., 0.65 ± 0.07% at −10 °C. For ice samples made via flash-freezing solution in liquid nitrogen, where nitrate is possibly present as a solid solution, the nitrite quantum yield is 0.57 ± 0.05% at −10 °C, similar to the LLR results. In contrast, the quantum yield at the air–ice interface is enhanced by a factor of 3.7 relative to LLRs, with a value of 2.39 ...
Universal Grammar and Composition: Relativization, Complementation, and Quantification

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an extensive study, in progress, of the applicability of a recent theory of syntax to writing. I am looking, in general, at how relational grammar, or universal grammar (as it is commonly called), can predict and explain the syntactic differences in the prose of sophisticated and unsophisticated writers. In this paper in particular, I focus on how the range of usage of relative clauses, sentential complements, and quantifiers by sophisticated and unsophisticated writers adheres to the predictions of universal grammar for these syntactic phenomena. In what follows, I present a brief outline of universal grammar and its applicability to writing, a direct application of universal grammar to prose, and some closing commentary on what the use of universal grammar in writing suggests about a new definition of writing sophistication.
Abstract 927: TCPA: An open access resource for cancer functional proteomics data

In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to systematically characterize the molecular profiles of tumor tissues from individuals with cancer, laying a critical foundation for elucidating the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and developing biomarker-based diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches. In particular, cancer genomic data at the DNA or RNA level are being accumulated at an unprecedented speed. However, comprehensive cancer proteomic data have been relatively limited. Using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA), we have generated a large collection of cancer protein expression data (>8,000 samples of 32 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and >650 independent cell lines across 19 lineages). To facilitate access of the broader research community to these RPPA datasets, we have developed a user-friendly data portal, TCPA (The Cancer Proteome Atlas), which can be accessed at http://tcpaportal.org. TCPA currently has two web applications, one is for patient cohort data and the other is for cell line data. Both of them provide three types of modules: (i) “Summary”: the summary module help users check the detailed information about all the datasets curated in our database and provide a user-friendly interface for downloading the data. (ii) “Analysis”: this module provides common used analyses such as correlation, differential, survival and drug sensitivity analysis; and (iii) “Visualization” module provides approaches to examine the global patterns in a specific dataset. share some major analytic and visualization modules. In summary, TCPA represents a highly valuable resource dedicated to cancer functional proteomic data. Compared with other proteomic databases, the primary advantage of TCPA is the availability of quantitative protein expression data over many large cohorts of well-characterized TCGA patient tumors. Moreover, TCPA provides an unprecedented opportunity to validate the findings from TCGA RPPA data through independent sample cohorts and to help select model tumor cell lines for further functional investigation. These unique features of TCPA greatly increase the utility of TCGA proteomic data for both basic research and clinical applications. Citation Format: Jun Li, Han Liang. TCPA: An open access resource for cancer functional proteomics data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 927.
Transcriptomics of Epichloë-Grass Symbioses in Host Vegetative and Reproductive Stages

Epichloe species are fungal symbionts (endophytes) of cool-season grasses that transmit vertically via inflorescence primordia (IP), ovaries (OV), and ultimately, embryos. Epichloe coenophiala, an ...
Paget's Diseases: United by Epidermis and Epigenetics.

Almost 150 years have passed since Sir James Paget described the disease that bears his name, but the molecular etiology and cellular origins of Paget's disease remain poorly understood. Herein, Zhang et al. (2018) bring Paget's disease into the genomics era, providing evidence for an epidermal origin for Paget's disease, as well as a high incidence of mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators.
Severe left MCA syndrome with an occluded accessory MCA.

In patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke, when the clinical presentation cannot be explained by findings seen on imaging, consider the presence of rare anatomical variations.
Excellent outcomes of combined umbilical cord blood and bone marrow grafts for allogeneic transplantation of pediatric patients from HLA-matched siblings. a single institution experience.

Background & Aim We hypothesized that combining cord blood (CB) and bone marrow (BM) grafts from HLA-identical siblings would improve the outcome of allogeneic transplantation in pediatric patients: the increased number of infused BM progenitor cells would expedite engraftment and the CB naive T cells would lower the risk of GvHD. Methods, Results & Conclusion Methods We reviewed the data of consecutive patients who received combined CB and BM grafts at our institution (MSKCC). Outcomes of interest were patient neutrophil engraftment, GVHD, donor chimerism and overall survival (OS) and donor safety. Results 15 patients (10 females, 5 males), with median age 5.9 (3.1-17.2) years, were included. Diagnoses were beta-thalassemia (N=8), sickle cell disease (N=1), Diamond Blackfan anemia (N=1), Fanconi anemia (N=2), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (N=2) and myelodysplastic syndrome (N=1). 12 patients had genetic diseases, and, in 6 cases, donors were via preimplantation genetic diagnosis. All sibling CB units were stored in private family banks. Donors’ age at transplant was 0.8-6.8 years (median 1.6 years). Patients’ weights were greater than donors’ in all cases with a ratio of 1.1-7.9:1 (median 1.7:1). All donors underwent bone marrow collection (median: 175ml; range: 100-375ml) and were discharged home on the same day. Most CB units underwent washing prior to infusion. No infusion related serious adverse events were noted. Median BM CD34+ cell dose was 7.3 × 10^6 (range: 1.6-11.4). Median CB infused viable CD34+ cell dose was low 0.34 × 10^5 (range: 0.01-2.0). Viable infused CB CD3 doses ranged 0.5-8.3 × 10^6 (median: 2.5). All 15 patients engrafted with median neutrophil engraftment (ANC ≥500) at day +14 (range: 11-19 days) and median platelet engraftment (Plts ≥50,000) at day +35 (range: 27-43 days). No patient developed acute GvHD, while one patient developed limited chronic GvHD that resolved. T-cell reconstitution occurred at 1-7 months post-transplant in 13 evaluable patients. Donor chimerism was 100% (n=10) and 81-99% (n=5). With a median follow-up of 5.2 years (range: 5-16.9 months), all 15 patients are alive, disease-free. SUMMARY When CB units from HLA identical siblings are available and donors are able to undergo BM collection, this combination of grafts for transplantation has shown excellent outcomes, and this approach is our current practice. A retrospective review is underway comparing this approach with BM or CB only grafts to confirm advantage of a combined grafting strategy.
Restricting the Power of Cophonologies: A Representational Solution to Stem Allomorphy in Uspanteko

In Uspanteko, a Mayan language spoken in Guatemala, certain possessive prefixes lead to variation in stress and pitch accent and can sometimes trigger vowel length alternations or consonant deletion in roots. We argue that this complex pattern of stem allomorphy can be successfully analyzed within a morpheme-based model of morphology given two assumptions: i. underlying representations can contain metrical templates (e.g. Saba Kirchner 2013, Iosad 2016, Kohnlein 2016, 2019 for recent proposals); ii. pitch-accent contrasts in Uspanteko are a surface exponent of a difference between trochaic (falling tone) and iambic feet (level tone), as proposed in Kohnlein (2019). We claim that our analysis is more restrictive than an earlier account by Bennett & Henderson (2013; henceforth B&H), who divide relevant items into several nominal cophonologies. In analyzing non-concatenative exponence as an epiphenomenon of metrical affixation, our approach is in line with principles of Generalized Non-Linear Affixation (e.g. Bermudez-Otero 2012, Trommer & Zimmermann 2014).
Effect of user puffing topography on total particulate matter, nicotine and volatile carbonyl emissions from narghile waterpipes

Objectives Puffing topographies of waterpipe users vary widely as does the puff-to-puff topography of an individual user. The aim of this study was to determine if puff duration and flow rate have an effect on the characteristics of the mainstream emission from waterpipes, including total particulate matter (TPM), mass ratio of nicotine and mass concentration of volatile carbonyls. Methods Puffing parameters were chosen to encompass a significant portion of the perimeter space observed from a natural environment study. Tested conditions were 150, 200 and 250 mL sec-1; each run at 2, 3.5 and 5 s durations; 25 s interpuff duration and ~100 puffs per session. Each session was run in quadruplicate using the Programmable Emissions System-2 (PES-2) emissions capture system under identical conditions. Particulate matter, for quantification of TPM and nicotine, was collected on filter pads every ~5 L of aerosol resulting in 6 to 25 samples per session. Volatile carbonyls were sampled using 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-coated silica. Results Mass concentration of TPM linearly decreased with increased flow rate, with no dependency on puff duration. Nicotine mass ratio was independent of topography, with average mass ratio of nicotine to TPM of 0.0027±0.0002 (mg/mg). The main carbonyls observed were acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Puff duration increased emissions of some carbonyls (eg, formaldehyde) but not others (eg, acetaldehyde). Conclusions The results presented here highlight that topographies influence the emissions generated from waterpipes including TPM, total nicotine and volatile carbonyls. For laboratory studies to be representative of user exposure, a range of topographies must be studied. Using a range of topographies within a controlled laboratory environment will better inform regulatory policy.