cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of phenylacetic acid in mental illness: behavioral associations and response to neuroleptic treatment

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of phenylacetic acid (CSF PAA) were obtained from normal controls and from drug-free psychiatric inpatients (schizophrenia, major depression, mania, and schizoaffective disorder). Post-treatment CSF PAA levels were obtained from 16 patients after 4 weeks of neuroleptic treatment. Phenylacetic acid levels were higher in women and were significantly correlated with age. There were no differences in CSF PAA levels between the various diagnostic groups and no difference between the paranoid and the nonparanoid subtypes of schizophrenia. CSF PAA was significantly correlated with several measures of psychopathology, especially the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale hostility/suspiciousness factor. Neuroleptic treatment did not result in significant PAA changes. These findings are discussed in light of the amphetamine-like role ascribed to phenylethylamine, the precursor of PAA.
Thermal Anomalies on the Totally Eclipsed Moon of December 19, 1964

Abstract : The lunar disk was scanned in the infrared nine times during the total eclipse of December 19, 1964 using the 74-inch Kottamia telescope in Egypt. As expected from previous work, the major ray craters cooled less rapidly than their environs. However, hundreds of localized hot spots were discovered on the disk, some of which have been identified with small ray craters. Mare Humorum and certain portions of other seas were found to be thermally enhanced compared to their surroundings.
Acute transverse myelitis in a 7-month-old boy after diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis immunization

Acute transverse myelitis in a 7-month-old boy after diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis immunization
Immobilization of glucose isomerase to cellulose

Glucose isomerase was covalently bonded to Solka-floc and DEAE cellulose by several techniques. The best results were obtained with techniques that opened the crystalline structure of the cellulose and kept it that way during immobilization. The most active catalyst was prepared by mercerizing Solka-floc, cross-linking it in that expanded configuration with epoxides, and immobilizing the enzyme with cyanogen bromide. The second most active catalyst was made using DEAE cellulose and a mixture of di and tri-epoxides as immobilization reagent. The practical consequences of the results were tested by designing reactors to produce high fructose syrup using the activity and stability of several of the preparations. Since the activity decays with time, equations were developed to give the optimum time of running before the catalyst was discarded. The most promising one was the second most active; the most active catalyst yielded a production cost three times as great because of the large quantities of cyanogen bromide needed.
Data requirements for real-time monitoring and control of feeders

Distribution automation system (DAS) functions allow an electric utility to monitor and control some or all of the distribution system components in real time. The data requirements for DAS include switch status, real-time load profiles, and the status and setting of transformer/regulator taps and capacitor banks. Some of these requirements are met by integrating DAS with other technologies, such as SCADA, substation automation, and remote meter reading. The load data for DAS is more detailed than required for distribution planning. State estimation techniques can be applied to improve the quality of real-time load data for DAS functions.
Unfrozen Water Contents of Submarine Permafrost Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

ABSTRACT Tice, A.R., Anderson, D.M. and Sterrett, K.F., 1981. Unfrozen water contents of submarine permafrost determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Eng. Geol., 18: 135-146. Prior work resulted in the development of techniques to measure the unfrozen water contents in frozen soils by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It has been demonstrated that NMR is a promising new method for the determination of phase composition (the measurement of unfrozen water content as a function of temperature) which circumvents many of the limitations inherent in the adiabatic and isothermal calorimetric techniques. The NMR technique makes it possible, in a non-destructive, non-intrusive way, to explore hysteresis by determining both cooling and warming curves. Corrections are made for dissolved paramagnetic impurities which have the effect of increasing the signal intensity at decreasing temperatures. The results demonstrate that NMR techniques can be effectively utilized both at and below the melting point of ice in frozen soils and that accurate melting points (freezing point depressions) can be determined.
Future energy efficiency improvements within the US department of defense: Incentives and barriers

The present work describes the military impact of improved efficiency and then highlights existing technological, political, and financial barriers for improving overall energy efficiency. As the largest user of energy within the US government, the Department of Defense (DOD) is rightly concerned that any disruption to the nation's energy supply may have an extremely adverse impact on its military capabilities. The total solution to providing energy security will be multi-faceted with progress required on many fronts. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources and improving energy storage capabilities are gradually creating a positive impact, but investing in improving the overall efficiency of the military effort provides both immediate and long-lasting payback. One might suppose that a decrease in the energy used by the DOD should lead to a decrease in military capability, but historical data proves otherwise. It is shown that the military has additional impetus, compared to civilian consumers, to pursue energy-efficiency improvements. Many tools are available to help the DOD along this path, yet there remain obstacles which must first be identified and analyzed as discussed herein.
Overlayer Bimetallic Catalysts or Particle Size Effects? A Comparison of Re@Pd Catalysts with Different Particle Sizes

Alumina supported Re@Pd bimetallic overlayer catalysts of different loading, dispersion, and particle size were synthesized using the directed deposition technique. Past computational and empirical studies have shown that through depositing a monoatomic pseudomorphic overlayer of one metal atop a different base metal it is possible to alter the adsorption and catalytic properties of the system when compared to both monometallic counterparts. It has been shown that a 2 wt% Re@Pd overlayer catalyst was capable of having lower hydrogen adsorption strength and lower activity for ethylene hydrogenation than its pure Pd counterpart. Particle size effects have long been known to play a role in the behavior of various catalysts as smaller particles tend to have more unsaturated, highly reactive, metal sites (e.g., kinks, corners, edges, etc.). In order to demonstrate that the observed changes in activity were not merely particle size effects, 7 wt% Re@Pd catalysts have been synthesized through similar methods and consist of particles much larger than those in the 2 wt% sample (viz., 6.3 and 2.7 nm). Similar reductions in hydrogen adsorption quantity and strength were seen for both Re@Pd samples and ethylene hydrogenation activity proved consistent. Both results indicate that the formation of a Pd overlayer was reason for this observed change in adsorption and activity and the effect cannot be merely attributed to particle size effects.
Studies on microemulsions using Brij 96 as surfactant and glycerin, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol as cosurfactants

Abstract The existence of microemulsion regions was investigated in quaternary systems composed of Brij 96.cosurfactant/mineral oil/water by constructing phase diagrams. The cosurfactants used were glycerin, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, all of which are polyhydroxy compounds used widely in the pharmaceutical industry. Light scattering data was used to determine the diameter of the internal phase as a function of the surfactant:cosurfactant ratio at a constant internal phase/oil ratio. Results suggest that the surfactant:cosurfactant ratio is an important parameter in determining the size of the internal phase of these microemulsion systems.
Abstract 2489: Dramatically increased microtubule shortening resulting from overexpression of β5-tubulin is reversed by paclitaxel

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Vertebrate cells express 6-7 isotypes of both α and β-tubulin, all of which coassemble into microtubules. Our previous studies demonstrated that β3 and β5 (but not β1, β2, and β4b) tubulin overexpression destabilizes microtubules, inhibits cell growth, and confers paclitaxel resistance (Blade, K., et al. (1999). J Cell Sci 112: 2213-21; Bhattacharya, R. and F. Cabral (2004). Mol Biol Cell 15: 3123-31; Hari, M., et al. (2003). Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 56: 45-56.). Overexpression of β3 does not appear to significantly alter microtubule dynamics, but dynamic behavior is relatively resistant to suppression by paclitaxel (Kamath, K., et al. (2005). J Biol Chem 280: 12902-7.). We now report the effects of β5 overexpression on microtubule dynamics. Microtubules were visualized in wild type (WT) or β5 overexpressing CHO cells using eGPF-MAP4. Growth and shrinkage of individual microtubules were measured using ImageJ and dynamic parameters were calculated by analyzing life history plots. We found that microtubules with high β5 content had significantly increased shortening rates and very long depolymerization distances compared to wild type. Addition of paclitaxel at a concentration that rescues cell growth, completely reversed these effects; but the dynamic parameters in such microtubules were significantly different compared to WT microtubules and resembled the inhibited microtubule dynamics of WT cells treated with paclitaxel. We conclude that suppression of microtubule dynamics in presence of paclitaxel is insufficient to explain why β5 overexpressing cells become resistant to the drug. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2489.
Effect of structure on the mechanical properties of Ta and Ta(N) thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering

Abstract In this study, the effects of N content, grain size, and growth texture on the hardness and Young's modulus of nanocrystalline Ta and Ta(N) thin films deposited using reactive DC magnetron sputtering are examined. The structure of the films was determined by X-ray diffraction and the hardness and modulus by nanoindentation. Pure Ta films typically exhibit a dominant (2 0 0) growth mode of the β-tetragonal phase. However, under certain conditions significant (2 0 2) growth is noted which is correlated with a marked decrease in hardness (from 18 to 11 GPa). Addition of N (pN2 = 0.026, 0.052, and 0.100 mTorr) increases the hardness of the Ta films with the maximum hardness (32 GPa) obtained for the films with pN2 = 0.100 mTorr. In the case of low Ta(N) films (pN2 = 0.026 mTorr), the hardness exhibits a clear microstructural dependence. A decrease in the grain size causes the hardness to increase from 16 to 24 GPa. The Young's modulus values, however, do not exhibit any systematic variation with either growth texture or grain size.
Experimental tracheal and conjunctival infections with crytosporidium sp. in pigs

Tracheal and conjunctival infections with Cryptosporidium were established in pigs by inoculation of oocysts into the trachea and onto the conjunctival sacs. The protozoa were found attached to epithelial cells by an electron-dense band and a folded, vacuolated feeder organelle. They were situated in a parasitophorous vacuole surrounded by a double-layered membrane covered by glycocalyx. Trophozoites, schizonts, merozoites, macrogametes and oocysts could be demonstrated. In addition to normal stages of the life-cycle, degenerate stages were found. The infections with Cryptosporidium were characterized by focal destruction and loss of epithelial cells. Numerous intraepithelial lymphocytes were associated with affected foci, as were infiltrations with lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Convex and Concave Relaxations for the Parametric Solutions of Semi-explicit Index-One Differential-Algebraic Equations

A method is presented for computing convex and concave relaxations of the parametric solutions of nonlinear, semi-explicit, index-one differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). These relaxations are central to the development of a deterministic global optimization algorithm for problems with DAEs embedded. The proposed method uses relaxations of the DAE equations to derive an auxiliary system of DAEs, the solutions of which are proven to provide the desired relaxations. The entire procedure is fully automatable.
Intestinal epithelial cell toll-like receptor 5 regulates the intestinal microbiota to prevent low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome in mice.

Background & Aims Mice lacking the receptor Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5-null mice), which recognizes flagellin, have an altered intestinal microbiota composition compared with wild-type mice; they develop low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome and are prone to colitis. The relative roles of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) vs dendritic cell (DC) TLR5 in mediating these phenotypes are not clear; modification of intestinal microbiota composition has been reported to reflect animal husbandry practices rather than loss of TLR5. We generated mice with specific disruption of Tlr5 in IECs or DCs by using a breeding scheme that allows comparison with cohoused siblings as controls. Methods We generated C57BL/6 mice with LoxP sites flanking Tlr5 . These mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase, regulated by the villin or CD11c promoters, to generate mice that lacked expression of TLR5 by IECs (TLR5 ΔIEC ) or DCs (TLR5 ΔDC ), respectively. Tlr5 fl/fl siblings were used as controls. On weaning, mice were housed by sex and genotype or by sex only (genotypes cohoused). Mice were examined for basal phenotypes, including microbiota composition; we also analyzed responses to pathobiont challenge, administration of dextran sodium sulfate, and high-fat diets. Results Similar to previous findings from TLR5-null mice, TLR5 ΔIEC mice had low-grade inflammation (mild splenomegaly, shortened colons, and increased fecal levels of lipocalin 2), metabolic syndrome, and an inability to clear pathobionts and were prone to developing colitis compared with their sibling controls under both housing conditions. Development of this inflammation in the TLR5 ΔIEC mice was eliminated by administration of antibiotics and associated with alterations in localization of microbiota and levels of fecal lipopolysaccharide and flagellin. The composition of the microbiota clustered more closely according to genotype than housing. Loss of TLR5 from DCs did not associate with development of inflammation-associated phenotypes or alterations in the composition of the microbiota but resulted in complete loss of flagellin-induced production of interleukin-22. Conclusions In mice, flagellin activation of TLR5 on DCs leads to production of interleukin-22. Expression of TLR5 on IECs regulates the composition and localization of the intestinal microbiota, preventing diseases associated with intestinal inflammation.
Engagement in HIV medical care and technology use among stimulant-using and nonstimulant-using men who have sex with men

Aims of this study were to assess the associations between stimulant use and attitudes toward and engagement in HIV medical care and to examine technology use among stimulant-using and nonstimulant-using men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV-positive MSM (n = 276; mean age = 42 years; 71% white, non-Hispanic; 43% with college degree) completed an online survey in 2009. Most men (69%) had not missed any scheduled HIV medical appointments in the past year, while 23% had missed at least one, and 9% had not attended any appointments. Stimulant use was significantly associated with not attending any HIV medical appointments in the unadjusted model (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.84, 95% CI [1.07, 7.58]), as well as in models adjusted for demographic (RRR = 3.16, 95% CI [1.13, 8.84]) and psychosocial (RRR = 3.44, 95% CI [1.17, 10.15]) factors (Ps < 0.05). Fewer stimulant-using than non-stimulant-using men rated HIV medical care a high priority (57% versus 85%; P < 0.01). Few significant differences were found in online social networking or mobile phone use between stimulant-using and non-stimulant-using MSM, even when stratified by engagement in HIV care. Findings indicate that stimulant use is uniquely associated with nonengagement in HIV medical care in this sample, and that it may be possible to reach stimulant-using MSM using online social networking and mobile technologies.
Effect of Heat Treatments on Chemical Analysis of Dietary Fiber

Apple fiber, corn fiber, oat bran and soy fiber were analyzed to study the effect of heat processing (autoclaving at 121°C/15 min, 100°C/30 min and microwave heating for 5/10 rain) on dietary fiber fractions. Samples were analyzed for insoluble (IDF), soluble (SDF), and total dietary fiber (TDF) by an enzymatic-gravimetric method. Autoclaving reduced IDF of apple fiber and TDF of apple fiber and oat bran. Microwave heating reduced TDF in apple fiber and oat bran and IDF in oat bran but increased the SDF of apple fiber. All treatments decreased the SDF in corn fiber. Effects on dietary fiber fractions depended on fiber type and processing method.
Mechanisms for reaching the differentiated state: Insights from neural crest-derived melanocytes

Black pigment cells, or melanocytes, are the major contributing cells to pigmentation in vertebrate organisms. Although the function of these cells is distinct depending on the organism, the events involved in their development are remarkably similar. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in the early development of melanocytes from neural crest, many of which are conserved in organisms as diverse as zebrafish, birds and humans. We also discuss recent studies that provide further insight into how melanocyte differentiation is achieved and maintained.
Deletion between direct repeats in bacteriophage T7 gene 1.2.

Deletion mutagenesis in bacteriophage T7 was studied with an insertion-reversion assay involving phage containing inserts of foreign DNA that form 10-bp direct repeats. The precise deletion of the insert restores the function of the non-essential gene and is easily assayed by growth on selection strains of E. coli. Similar inserts with unique direct repeats were placed in either gene 1.2 (dGTPase Inhibitor) or gene 1.3 (DNA ligase). The deletion rates of the inserts were quantified with Luria and Delbruck fluctuation tests. Deletion rates were similar for inserts in both genes indicating that the rates of deletion were not unique to either specific site, or the sequence of the direct repeats. Deletion was independent of functional T7 ligase at 37 degrees C, while an increase in the rate of deletion was noted in some ligase-deficient phage at 43 degrees C. The effect of E. coli DNA Polymerase I on deletion rate was tested and found to decrease deletion rate 60% with the polA1 mutation and 90% with the polA546ex mutation.
Egg Intake during Carbohydrate Restriction Alters Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Inflammation and Cholesterol Homeostasis in Metabolic Syndrome

Egg yolk contains bioactive components that improve plasma inflammatory markers and HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) under carbohydrate restriction. We further sought to determine whether egg yolk intake affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS, as HDL and its associated lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) reduce the inflammatory potential of leukocytes through modulation of cellular cholesterol content and distribution. Thirty-seven men and women classified with MetS consumed a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet (25%-30% of energy) for 12 weeks, in addition to consuming either three whole eggs per day (EGG) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute (SUB). Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide-induced PBMC IL-1β and TNFα secretion increased from baseline to week 12 in the SUB group only, despite increases in PBMC toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression in the EGG group. Compared to baseline, ABCA1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase mRNA expression increased by week 12 in the EGG group only, whereas changes in PBMC total cholesterol positively correlated with changes in lipid raft content. Together, these findings suggest that intake of whole eggs during carbohydrate restriction alters PBMC inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS.
An algebraic solution to rigid registration of diffusion tensor images

We present an algebraic solution to direct registration of diffusion tensor images under various local deformation models. We show how to linearly recover the deformation from the partial derivatives of the tensor using the so-called diffusion tensor constancy constraint, a generalization of the brightness constancy constraint to diffusion tensor data. Given the tensor reorientation map, we show that solving for a rigid deformation becomes a linear problem. We test our direct approach on synthetic, brain and heart DT images.
The recognition of self-antigens and autoimmune disease

Recent studies have increased our understanding of the nature of autoimmune recognition and of the identity of autoantigens, at least in model systems. Knowledge of the autoantigens and the process of recognition is suggesting new therapies for autoimmune disease.
Allosteric Agonist Modulators

This article discusses a model to describe the effects of molecules that bind to a site on the receptor separate from that of the endogenous agonist to actively produce receptor signals (direct agonism). In addition, these molecules also modify the biological responses of the endogenous agonist (either potentiation or antagonism). The effects of such compounds in high-throughput screening assays are described as well as their effects on the dose-response curves to conventional agonists.
The Optical Properties of Semi-Transparent Sputtered Films Determined by Interference of Light

A study has been made of the optical properties of semi-transparent films of variable thickness produced by sputtering in hydrogen. The masses of the films have been computed from the assumed optical constants and densities of the metals, and from the locations of the interference fringes, when the films are viewed by reflected monochromatic light at approximately normal incidence. With few exceptions the computed masses are much greater than the masses determined directly by weighing. The differences between the computed and weighed masses can be accounted for by assuming higher refractive indices and lower densities of the films than those assumed for the bulk metals. Such would be the case if the films were composed of compounds, e.g., oxides of the metals. This has been verified by a colorimetric analysis of the iron films. Further confirmation is supplied by a study of the optical dispersion of the films, which seems to be characteristic of transparent insulators rather than of the metals. High refractive indices are also called for from a consideration of the aging of a platinum film. A mathematical analysis of the reflectivity of the films has been made, based upon the consideration of multiple reflections within the films. To account for the number of fringes observed, very low indices of absorption must be assumed, such as possessed by transparent insulators.
Quantifying Distance Dependent Perturbations of Fluorescent Lipids in a DPPC Bilayer with Molecular Dynamics

Fluorescent lipid analogs have become widely used tools for investigating properties of both model and cell membranes. However, these probes are inherently extrinsic to the systems of interest and must be carefully studied to ensure that they do not affect the very membrane properties which they are being used to measure. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are therefore a useful way to study these systems, providing information on the effects of probe addition with atomic resolution. Through MD, we have previously shown that the insertion of DiI probes into a DPPC membrane causes local disordering of the bilayer, a property which can be erroneously characterized when analyzing order as an ensemble average. Furthermore, we have seen that simulation box sizes in MD can produce artifacts in the data since the periodic boundary conditions introduce an artificial correlation between lipids. We have thus conducted further MD simulations to investigate perturbations of a DPPC membrane from the addition of a variety of fluorescent lipid analogs, with a focus on distance dependence and simulation size.
A New Representation Structure for Mining Association Rules from Wireless Sensor Networks

With the advances in wireless sensor networks and their ability to generate a large amount of data, data mining techniques used to extract useful knowledge regarding the underlying network have recently received a great deal of attention. In this paper the authors use a new formulation for association rules, a well known data mining technique. This formulation allow us to extract the associations between sensors, which will make it easy to predict the set of sensors that can report events in the same time interval. In order to generate these rules, frequent patterns should be determined. A pattern is a subset of sensors and is frequent if it occurs a certain number of times. However, the stream nature and the large amount of data, in addition to the big number of possible patterns, add more challenges to the traditional data mining algorithms developed to generate the association rules. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose a new representation structure for the sensor data. This structure, which they call positional lexicographic tree (PLT), is a able to partition the data and present them in a sorted and compressed format, and provides an easy mechanism to access and manipulate the data. Also, the authors propose a data mining algorithm that follows a pattern growth approach to extract the frequent patterns efficiently. The authors compare the performance of the mining algorithm with FP-Growth, a well known algorithm in pattern growth approach. The results have shown that PLT structure and its mining routine outperforms the FP-Growth in both CPU time and memory usage.
Art and Life in Bangladesh

Art and Life in Bangladesh. HENRY GLASSIE. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. 511 pp., figures, glossary, notes, bibliography, index.
A Collateral Effect of Reward Predicted By Matching Theory

Matching theory describes a process by which organisms distribute their behavior between two or more concurrent schedules of reinforcement (Herrnstein, 1961). In an attempt to determine the generality of matching theory to applied settings, 2 students receiving special education were provided with academic response alternatives. Using a combined simultaneous treatments design and reversal design, unequal ratio schedules of reinforcement were varied across two academic responses. Findings indicated that both subjects allocated higher rates of responses to the richer schedule of reinforcement, although only one responded exclusively to the richer schedule. The present results lend support to a postulation that positive reinforcement may have undesirable collateral effects that are predicted by matching theory (Balsam & Bondy, 1983).
From 'circumstances' to 'environment': Herbert Spencer and the origins of the idea of organism-environment interaction

The word 'environment' has a history. Before the mid-nineteenth century, the idea of a singular, abstract entity--the organism--interacting with another singular, abstract entity--the environment--was virtually unknown. In this paper I trace how the idea of a plurality of external conditions or circumstances was replaced by the idea of a singular environment. The central figure behind this shift, at least in Anglo-American intellectual life, was the philosopher Herbert Spencer. I examine Spencer's work from 1840 to 1855, demonstrating that he was exposed to a variety of discussions of the 'force of circumstances' in this period, and was decisively influenced by the ideas of Auguste Comte in the years preceding the publication of Principles of psychology (1855). It is this latter work that popularized the word 'environment' and the corresponding idea of organism--environment interaction--an idea with important metaphysical and methodological implications. Spencer introduced into the English-speaking world one of our most enduring dichotomies: organism and environment.
Hot spot mitigation using single-phase microchannel cooling for microprocessors

The placement and arrangement of the different components on a microprocessor chip is examined to mitigate the hot spots that may arise on the device during its operation. The power dissipation of the individual components on a microprocessor is spatially and temporally non-uniform, possibly resulting in high thermal gradients and, as a consequence, high thermal stresses. These hot spots arise because the power dissipated by some components accounts for a major fraction of the total power of the device. The device then develops large temperature gradients and localized hot spots. These hot spots can cause device failures and a loss in performance that results when the clock frequency slows with voltage scaling to cope with thermal emergencies. It can also lead to lower yield.
The Role of H 2 O in Subduction Zone Magmatism

Water is a key ingredient in the generation of magmas in subduction zones. This review focuses on the role of water in the generation of magmas in the mantle wedge, the factors that allow melting to occur, and the plate tectonic variables controlling the location of arc volcanoes worldwide. Water also influences chemical differentiation that occurs when magmas cool and crystallize in Earth’s continental crust. The source of H2O for arc magma generation is hydrous minerals that are carried into Earth by the subducting slab. These minerals dehydrate, releasing their bound H2O into overlying hotter, shallower mantle where melting begins and continues as buoyant hydrous magmas ascend and encounter increasingly hotter surroundings. This process is controlled by plate tectonic variables that ultimately influence the location of the active volcanic arc above subduction zones. Water also modifies the thermodynamic properties of melts, leading to the unique chemical composition of arc volcanic rocks and Earth’s continental crust.
SOLUBILITIES OF CO AND H2 IN NEAT AND CO2-EXPANDED HYDROFORMYLATION REACTION MIXTURES CONTAINING 1-OCTENE AND NONANAL UP TO 80 °C AND 90 BARS

Accurate knowledge of the phase equilibria of CO2-expanded hydroformylation reaction mixtures is essential to rational process design and development. Vapor−liquid equilibria of the following systems were measured in a variable-volume view cell at temperatures ranging from (313.15 to 353.15) K and pressures up to 9 MPa: CO + 1-octene, CO2 + 1-octene, CO + 1-octene + CO2, CO + nonanal, CO2 + nonanal, CO + nonanal + CO2, H2 + 1-octene, H2 + 1-octene + CO2, H2 + nonanal, and H2 + nonanal + CO2. The measured solubilities of CO and H2 in the liquid phases were consistent with literature values. The presence of CO2 was found to enhance the solubilities of both CO and H2 in the liquid phase. The enhancement factor is up to 1.54 for carbon monoxide and 1.82 for hydrogen. The Peng−Robinson equation of state (PR EoS) with van der Waals mixing rules and binary interaction parameters modeled the VLE data adequately, with much better fits for the 1-octene systems compared to the more polar nonanal systems.
Clinical implications of the molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma and responds to standard treatment with chemoimmunotherapy in most patients. Standard prognostic scoring systems such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI) are useful for risk stratification, but are unreliable in predicting outcomes in individual patients because of the biologic heterogeneity of this disease. Gene expression profiling has revealed molecular subtypes of DLBCL: those derived from the lymph node germinal center (GCB) and others derived from an activated B-cell (ABC). A third entity, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (unclassifiable DLBCL), displays pathobiologic features distinct from ABC and GCB subtypes. Patients with ABC-DLBCL have inferior progression-free survival and overall survival relative to those with the GCB subtype. In conclusion, molecular subtyping is a powerful tool for discriminating cases of DLBCL into groups that display very disparate biology and clinical outcomes. Although immunohi...
Rational proteomics I. Fingerprint identification and cofactor specificity in the short-chain oxidoreductase (SCOR) enzyme family.

The short-chain oxidoreductase (SCOR) family of enzymes includes over 2000 members identified in sequenced genomes. Of these enzymes, approximately 200 have been characterized functionally, and the three-dimensional crystal structures of approximately 40 have been reported. Since some SCOR enzymes are involved in hypertension, diabetes, breast cancer, and polycystic kidney disease, it is important to characterize the other members of the family for which the biological functions are currently unknown. Although the SCOR family appears to have only a single fully conserved residue, it was possible, using bioinformatics methods, to determine characteristic fingerprints composed of 30-40 residues that are conserved at the 70% or greater level in SCOR subgroups. These fingerprints permit reliable prediction of several important structure-function features including NAD/NADP cofactor preference. For example, the correlation of aspartate or arginine residues with NAD or NADP binding, respectively, predicts the cofactor preference of more than 70% of the SCOR proteins with unknown function. The analysis of conserved residues surrounding the cofactor has revealed the presence of previously undetected CH em leader O hydrogen bonds in the majority of the SCOR crystal structures, predicts the presence of similar hydrogen bonds in 90% of the SCOR proteins of unknown function, and suggests that these hydrogen bonds may play a critical role in the catalytic functions of these enzymes.
Advances in the statistical theory of comparison of lifetimes of machines under the generalized Weibull distribution

Some new censoring schemes for comparing lifetimes of machines were introduced in Srivastava (1987), wherein it was shown that in general, these improve on the accuracy and also reduce the total expected time under experiment as well as the expected length of the experiment. Although the above studies were initiated under the generalized WeibuU distribution, the detailed development of the theory for the expected time or length were made under the Weibull only. In this paper, for a certain important special case, this development is extended to the generalized Weibull. Also, an error in the above paper is pointed out, and corrected, showing that the new schemes are actually superior to what they appeared to be there. Furthermore, under a realistic cost function, the problem of planning such experiments is discussed. An example for machines with a series connection is provided.
Model-based aircraft recognition in perspective aerial imagery

Automatic monitoring of scenes for the purpose of detecting and reporting changes is an important task in mapping and surveillance applications. Recognition of mobile objects in images of aerial scenes in particular, is a difficult task due to the lack of suitable object models and image resolution. For some applications aircraft recognition has to be accomplished in the presence of occlusion, camouflage and various forms of image degradation. This paper presents a recognition technique based on low-level matching between segments in the images and segments of the projection of a three dimensional model of the objects of interest. The model is extracted from one of more views of the scene. Matching segments are analyzed to determine the accuracy of the recognition.
Economic vulnerability and economic voting in 14 OECD countries

The economic voting literature shows that good economic performance bolsters the electoral prospects of incumbents. However, disagreement persists as to whether voters in vulnerable economic conditions are more likely to engage in economic voting. It is argued in this article that a crucial factor in explaining individual-level variation in economic voting is the degree of exposure to economic risks, because risk exposure affects the saliency of the economy in voting decisions. In particular, the focus is on job insecurity and employability as key determinants of economic voting patterns. The article hypothesises that the extent of economic voting is greater in voters who are more vulnerable to unemployment and less employable in case of job loss. Support for these hypotheses is found in a test with a dataset that combines survey data on incumbent support with occupational unemployment rates and other measures of exposure to economic risks.
Vector potential equivalent circuit based on PEEC inversion

The geometry-integration based vector potential equivalent circuit (VPEC) was introduced to obtain a localized circuit model for inductive interconnects in A. Pacelli (2002). In this paper, we show that the method in A. Pacelli (2002) is accurate only for two-body problem. We derive N-body VPEC models based on geometry integration and inversion of the inductance matrix under the PEEC model, respectively. Both VPEC models are derived from first principles and are accurate compared to the full PEEC model. The resulting circuit matrix G/sup /spl circ// can be analyzed directly by existing simulation tools such as SPICE, and the simulation time of VPEC model is 47X less than that for PEEC model for a bus structure with 256 wires. It is also passive and strictly diagonal dominant, which leads to efficient circuit sparsification methods such as numerical and geometry based sparsifications. Compared to the full PEEC model, the sparsified VPEC models are orders of magnitude faster and produce waveforms with very small error.
Comparison of Two Methods of Delivering Continuously Nebulized Albuterol

OBJECTIVETo compare the relative delivery of 2 methods for providing continuously nebulized albuterol (CNA): a small-volume nebulizer plus infusion pump versus a large-volume nebulizer.DESIGNAn open, randomized comparison of 3 hours of CNA administration using an in vitro lung model with a follow-up particle size assessment of the large-volume nebulizer.METHODSSix different nebulizers of each type were connected to a lung model via a volume-limited mechanical ventilator and infant ventilator circuitry. Albuterol was nebulized at 10 mg/h for 3 hours in random order. The small-volume nebulizer used was the Airlife Misty Neb (Baxter, Valencia, CA); the large-volume nebulizer was the HEART Nebulizer (Vortran Medical, Orangevale, CA). One large-volume nebulizer was operated over 8 hours for the output and particle sizing study.RESULTSThe small-volume nebulizer delivered a greater amount of albuterol (mean ± SD percentage of total nebulized) to the model lung (5.75 ± 1.38% vs. 4.12 ± 0.67%; p < 0.025) than the ...
Second-line Therapy and Beyond Resistance for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Post Imatinib Failure

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized at the molecular level by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and the resultant oncogenic signaling by the BCR-ABL fusion protein. The treatment and outlook for CML were revolutionized by the introduction of imatinib, but resistance is a substantial barrier to successful treatment in many patients. Introduction of the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) dasatinib and nilotinib has provided effective therapeutic options for many patients with resistance to front-line imatinib. However, the T315I mutation remains a significant clinical issue because it is insensitive to all currently available agents. A number of new agents are in development and many hold the promise of activity in T315I-mutated disease. Successful treatment of patients with disease harboring T315I might lie in the effective combination or sequencing of these new agents with existing TKI therapies.
Papaverine Hydrochloride and Experimental Hemorrhagic Cerebral Arterial Spasm

Chronic hemorrhagic spasm of the basilar artery was produced in beagle dogs by introducing blood into the cisterna magna. Spasm was evaluated by means of vertebral angiography. Papaverine hydrochloride was administered intravenously, intracisternally as well as intra-arterially. The intracisternal route was the more effective in combating spasm but the effect was transitory. The results suggest that the treatment of spasm by chemical means in subarachnoid hemorrhage using agents currently available would require continuous topical application.
POLLINATION OBSERVATIONS OF THE AFRICAN VIOLET IN THE TAITA HILLS, KENYA

ABSTRACT The African violet, Saintpaulia teitensis (Gesneriaceae), is an Eastern Arc global biodiversity hotspot endemic. Forest fragments on the Taita Hills in south-eastern Kenya hold the only known wild populations of this plant. The pollination ecology of S. teitensis was investigated through direct observation. S. teitensis flowers show enantiostyly which may promote xenogamy. Pollinators of this endangered plant species were found to be exclusively wild bee species of the genus Amegilla (Apoidea: Aprocrita: Apidae). Four different species of Amegilla were recorded visiting S. teitensis. Observations of bee floral visitors showed distinctive floral manipulation (buzz pollination) for release of pollen by pollinating bees. Amegilla spp. visiting S. teitensis were observed to feed from other forest-floor plant species (Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae) and on crops in adjacent small-scale mixed agriculture farms. Future conservation and management of this endangered plant needs to take into account the needs ...
Collard Cultivar Evaluations in Northern Florida

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Brassicaceae, variety trial, yield, Brassica oleracea SUMMARY. Nine collard (Brassica oleracea acephala group) cultivars were evaluated on six experiments over 4 years to determine how well they performed with respect to yield, plant weight, and bolting tolerance. Experiments covered spring, fall, and winter seasons to determine if one cultivar would be useful for all conditions. ‘Top Pick’, ‘Flash’, and ‘Blue Max’ were found to be the best performing cultivars with respect to yield and plant weight. In general, the hybrid cultivars outperformed the open-pollinated cultivars. Only during one experiment were the cultivars subjected to environmental conditions favorable for bolting, but there were no significant differences in incidence of bolting among the cultivars. Although top-performing cultivars were hybrids, the cost associated with hybrid seed must be considered.
Eigeninteresse, Primärgruppen und Ideologie

Immer wieder wird beklagt, das die Menschen zu oft in kriegerische Konflikte verstrickt sind. Demgegenuber ist es dann allerdings schwierig zu begreifen, das viele Menschen trotzdem fahig sind, Situationen zu ertragen, in denen sie toten und getotet werden konnen. So kann die Vielzahl der Versuche, die Kampfmotivation des Soldaten zu deuten, nicht uberraschen. Einige dieser Ansatze heben sich von den ubrigen dadurch ab, das sie weit haufiger dazu herangezogen werden, das Verhalten des Soldaten im Kampf zu erklaren.
5-HT is present in nerves of guinea pig sphincter of Oddi and depolarizes sphincter of Oddi neurons

This study involved immunohistochemistry and intracellular electrophysiology to investigate serotonergic neurotransmission in the sphincter of Oddi (SO). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (HT)-positive neurons (...
Trace Metal Ion Concentration in the Liver, Kidney, Spleen, and Lung of Normal Rabbits

The liver, kidney, spleen, and lung were analyzed spectrochemically for trace metal ions in normal rabbits. Small concentrations of most ions were revealed with aluminum and iron as important variants from this theme.
Microscopic Study of Wax Deposition: Mass Transfer Boundary Layer and Deposit Morphology

This study presents a pioneering effort to enable visualization of the in situ wax deposition process in a microscopic scale with an emphasis on mass transfer boundary layer and deposit morphology observations. The mass transfer boundary layer study validates the existence of partial wax supersaturation near the wax deposit and oil interface. The discrepancy between the actual mass transfer boundary layer thickness and the heat–mass transfer analogy prediction expands as the Reynolds number increases and the ΔT (temperature difference between the bulk and cold interface) decreases. This conclusion is in agreement with several flow loop data with the same oil and similar flowing conditions. The morphology study reveals that, under laminar conditions, the distribution of the deposit crystal aspect ratio resembles a log-normal pattern with a distribution mode between 2 and 3. This characteristic exhibits similarity with wax crystals observed under static cooling conditions. Deposits formed under laminar cond...
GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF THE SALT-MARSH FUNGI PLEOSPORA GAUDEFROYI AND CAMAROSPORIUM ROUMEGUERII

Pleospora gaudefroyi and Camarosporium roumeguerii are salt-marsh fungi which occur predominately on halophytes of the Chenopodiaceae. In culture they are relatively slow growing and do not exhibit significant response differences to illumination or salinities of 330/%o. Camarosporium roumeguerii produced more mycelia in agitated cultures than it did in standing cultures while P. gaudefroyi grew equally well under both conditions. Temperature optima for both fungi were 15-25 C. Maximum growth of P. gaudefroyi occurred in cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, maltose, and mannose while C. roumeguerii grew best in pectin, sucrose, galactose, and maltose. Both fungi utilized a broad range of carbon sources. Pleospora gaudefroyi produced the most mycelium when supplied with ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, asparagine, and glycine, as nitrogen sources. The preferred nitrogen sources for C. roumeguerii were asparagine and tryptophan. Pleospora gaudefroyi grew maximally with C:N ratios of 5:1 and 20:1 while C. roumeguerii grew best at a C:N ratio of 20:1. Neither P. gaudefroyi nor C. roumeguerii formed fruiting bodies on the substrates tested. A gelatinous, extracellular material was observed when both fungi were growing actively. Camarosporium roumeguerii usually produced a pigment while P. gaudefroyi was not pigmented in most experiments. Pigment formation by C. roumeguerii was related to the type of carbon and nitrogen sources, high carbon concentrations, and low temperatures.