cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mitochondrial iron exporter genes MMT1 and MMT2 in yeast are transcriptionally regulated by Aft1 and Yap1

Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) responds to low cytosolic iron by up-regulating the expression of iron import genes; iron import can reflect iron transport into the cytosol or mitochondria. Mmt1 and Mmt2 are nuclearly encoded mitochondrial proteins that export iron from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Here we report that MMT1 and MMT2 expression is transcriptionally regulated by two pathways: the low-iron-sensing transcription factor Aft1 and the oxidant-sensing transcription factor Yap1. We determined that MMT1 and MMT2 expression is increased under low-iron conditions and decreased when mitochondrial iron import is increased through overexpression of the high-affinity mitochondrial iron importer Mrs3. Moreover, loss of iron-sulfur cluster synthesis induced expression of MMT1 and MMT2. We show that exposure to the oxidant H2O2 induced MMT1 expression but not MMT2 expression and identified the transcription factor Yap1 as being involved in oxidant-mediated MMT1 expression. We defined Aft1- and Yap1-dependent transcriptional sites in the MMT1 promoter that are necessary for low-iron- or oxidant-mediated MMT1 expression. We also found that the MMT2 promoter contains domains that are important for regulating its expression under low-iron conditions, including an upstream region that appears to partially repress expression under low-iron conditions. Our findings reveal that MMT1 and MMT2 are induced under low-iron conditions and that the low-iron regulator Aft1 is required for this induction. We further uncover an Aft1-binding site in the MMT1 promoter sufficient for inducing MMT1 transcription and identify an MMT2 promoter region required for low iron induction.
Pediatricians Over 50 Reentering Clinical Practice: Implications for Physicians and the Regulatory Community

ABSTRACT Physician reentry into the workforce can be defined as returning to professional activity/clinical practice for which one has been trained, certified or licensed after an extended time per...
Accuracy of and prescriber perceptions related to documenting antibiotic indications during order entry at an academic medical center.

PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of antibiotic indication documentation provided during order entry and prescriber perceptions of the requirement to specify indications. METHODS Patients who received 1 of 6 selected antibiotics from May 1 through June 30, 2017, were identified. Records of 30 randomly selected patients who received each study antibiotic were retrospectively reviewed. The primary endpoint was indication accuracy, defined as agreement of the indication entered during order entry with that documented in progress notes at the time of order entry. Secondary endpoints included correlation of entered indication and final diagnosis for empiric antibiotics. A brief survey was emailed to prescribers to assess the burden and perceptions of requiring an indication during order entry. RESULTS Four thousand five hundred twenty-four patients received 1 or more doses of a study antibiotic. For the 180 patients selected for evaluation, 89.4% of indications were accurate. Indications for antibiotics ordered for prophylaxis were more likely to be inaccurate than those for empiric or definitive antibiotics (accuracy rates of 46%, 94%, and 92%, respectively, p < 0.05). For empiric antibiotics, 78.5% of indications documented at order entry matched the final diagnosis. Two hundred fifty-four of 863 prescribers (29%) responded to the survey request. Most respondents felt that documenting the indication took no more than 20 seconds, was a "minor nuisance" or "occasionally burdensome," and had no impact on their consideration of antibiotic appropriateness. CONCLUSION With the exception of prophylaxis, the indications documented during order entry were sufficiently accurate to assist antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Although indication documentation was perceived as a minor burden, surveyed prescribers indicated it had only a minimal beneficial effect on antibiotic prescribing.
Mental Health Counseling Responses to Eating-Related Concerns in Young Adult Women: A Prevention and Treatment Continuum

Because susceptibility for eating-related concerns exists along a continuum, this manuscript first introduces a framework for intervention that offers a continuum of responses for addressing such concerns in young adult women. The mental health strategies needed range from early identification and interventions for subthreshold problems to more advanced counseling approaches to address emerging and full eating concerns. It next discusses three different types of interventions: (a) preventive approaches for young women at risk; (b) intermediate approaches for women who demonstrate initial symptoms of disordered eating; and (c) psychotherapeutic interventions for women whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for eating disorders.
“Why Cant 2 Brothers”? World War I and Britain’s Deceased Brother’s Widow Act of 1921:

In 1921, Britain legalized marriage between a widow and her deceased husband’s brother. The Deceased Brother’s Widow Act was not, however, an addendum to the 1907 Deceased Wife’s Sister Act. It was...
Using Twitter Bios to Measure Changes in Self-Identity: Are Americans Defining Themselves More Politically Over Time?

Are Americans weaving their political views more tightly into the fabric of their self-identity over time? If so, then we might expect partisan disagreements to continue becoming more emotional, tribal, and intractable. Much recent scholarship has speculated that this politicization of Americans' identity is occurring, but there has been little compelling attempt to quantify the phenomenon, largely because the concept of identity is notoriously difficult to measure. We introduce here a methodology, Longitudinal Online Profile Sampling (LOPS), which affords quantifiable insights into the way individuals amend their identity over time. Using this method, we analyze millions of “bios” on the microblogging site Twitter over a 4-year span, and conclude that the average American user is increasingly integrating politics into their social identity. Americans on the site are adding political words to their bios at a higher rate than any other category of words we measured, and are now more likely to describe themselves by their political affiliation than their religious affiliation. The data suggest that this is due to both cohort and individual-level effects.
A model for investigating wellbore hydraulics of thermo-thixotropic drilling fluids

Abstract In high-temperature drilling environments, accurate management of wellbore hydraulics is made more difficult due to complex fluid viscosity-temperature profiles. Although most of the fluid samples reported in the literature have monotonically decreasing viscosity with temperature, several studies have found the relationship much more complicated. This study investigates thermal effects on annular pressure loss and cuttings transport for fluids with non-monotonic viscosity-temperature profiles while modeling the thixotropic behavior of the drilling fluid. To this end, three fluid samples have been studied that have distinctly different viscosity-temperature profiles: monotonically decreasing, parabolic and inverted parabola. The mathematical framework is based on the drift flux approach and is numerically solved using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology. The recently proposed rheological algorithm by the authors has been extended to model thixotropy. The results are presented for different inclinations and eccentricities. It is observed that for fluids with parabolic or inverted parabolic viscosity-temperature profiles, annular pressure loss is highly non-linear, and a single equivalent density value cannot be ascribed to the wellbore. The annular pressure loss near the inlet is significantly higher than that near the outlet. The fluid with a monotonic decrease in viscosity yields the lowest pressure loss but worst cuttings transport whereas, the fluid with a parabolic viscosity-temperature profile has best cuttings transport but causes extremely high-pressure loss.
Legal Curriculum Development in Iraq: Stanford’s Iraq Legal Education Initiative

Iraq’s legal landscape has changed substantially since the adoption of its Constitution of 2005. The legal education system, however, has not kept pace with recent legal developments. Indeed, Iraqi law schools have long grappled with formidable challenges rendering them unresponsive to the needs of the legal profession. The Iraq Legal Education Initiative (ILEI) was established in 2012 in response to demand from Iraqi legal scholars and practitioners who recognized that quality legal education is critical to building a robust legal system. ILEI develops innovative pedagogical materials critically analyzing the laws of Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan, and contributes to efforts in strengthening the legal education system and promoting the rule of law in the region.
Ion Implantation of as in CdTe: Electrical Characteristics and Radiation Damage

The effects of arsenic and krypton implantations have been investigated in semi-insulating cadmium telluride crystals. Nearly 100 percent electrical activity was observed when As implants were performed at 300°C in samples subjected to a 24-hour 500°C cadmium vapor anneal prior to implantation. A jet thinning technique was utilized to prepare samples for transmission electron microscopy analysis and a number of micrographs obtained. In2Te3 and CdCl2 precipitates were identified in indium and chlorine compensated materials. Implantation damage was also observed in the form of small vacancy loops.
Ideal Body Weight Calculation in the Bariatric Surgical Population

Background In bariatric surgery, ideal body weight (IBW) is used to calculate excess body weight (EBW) and percent excess weight lost (%EWL). Bariatric literature typically uses the midpoint of the medium frame from older Metropolitan Life Insurance (MetLife) tables to estimate IBW. This is neither universal nor always clinically accurate.
Poisoning of thiophene hydrodesulfurization by nitrogen compounds

Abstract The poisoning effect of nonsterically hindered nitrogen compounds, expressed as inhibition adsorption constants derived from Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS), correlated well with gas-phase basicity (proton affinity). The order of adsorption strength agrees generally with that reported for poisoning of hydroprocessing catalysts and of acidic cracking catalysts. Inhibitor adsorption constants from thiophene HDS studies correlated well with measurements of inhibition of the hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran, even when the N-compound underwent considerable reaction and it was necessary to account for the inhibiting effects of reaction intermediates. Studies were on a NiMo Al 2 O 3 catalyst at 7.0 MPa and 300 to 400 °C.
Forwarding-loop-free configuration for IBGP networks

We investigate the inter-cluster routing deflection and forwarding loops in IBGP networks. In more detail, we define and explore the two causes of deflection, and consecutively, forwarding loops which might happen due to IBGP cluster misconfiguration. We study the methods that can be used to remove forwarding loops, if detected. Unfortunately, we show that detecting forwarding loops in a given IBGP network configuration is NP-hard. However, we propose a simple heuristic algorithm with complexity of 0(2) to configure deflection- and loop-free IBGP network.
The Caltech Multi-Vehicle Wireless Testbed

We introduce the Caltech Multi-Vehicle Wireless Testbed (MVWT), a platform for testing decentralized control methodologies for multiple vehicle coordination and formation stabilization. The testbed consists of eight mobile vehicles, an overhead vision system that provides GPS-like state information and wireless Ethernet for communications. Each vehicle rests on omni-directional casters and is powered by two high-performance ducted fans. Thus, a unique feature of our testbed is that the vehicles have second order dynamics, requiring real-time feedback algorithms to stabilize the system while performing cooperative tasks. The testbed will be used by various research groups at Caltech and elsewhere to validate theoretical advances in multi-vehicle coordination and control, networked control systems, real-time networking and high confidence distributed computation.
A Mediating Schema Approach to the Data Transfer between Heterogeneous Health Care Systems

One of the main challenges of exchanging patient care records between heterogeneous interoperable systems is the difficulty in overcoming semantic differences between systems. These challenges are exacerbated by the lack of standardization between health care information systems and the costs associated with software upgrades and data restructuring. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a context specific mediating schema data translation mechanism that allows patient care records to transfer automatically between health care systems. This approach builds upon existing technologies and is specific to the health care industry. The proposed approach has been validated by implementing a concept demonstration prototype system that involves mediation in the transfer of emergency healthcare information from a pre-hospital system to a hospital system.
Effect of Recombinant Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor on Human Monocyte Activity in Vitro and following Intravenous Administration

Abstract The purpose of these studies was to examine the antitumor properties of blood monocytes from patients undergoing a phase I trial with recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). Peripheral blood monocytes from 7 patients receiving various doses of rGM-CSF by continuous infusion were isolated prior to therapy and at various times during the 2-wk infusion. Monocytes/cubic centimeter of blood increased in a dose-dependent fashion in patients receiving rGM-CSF. However, activation of monocyte-mediated tumorilytic properties was seen in only 1 of 7 patients. rGM-CSF administration also did not stimulate interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor production by blood monocytes. The failure to detect monocyte-mediated tumoricidal activation was not secondary to an inherent “defect” in the patients9 monocytes because in vitro incubation with lipopolysaccharide alone or human recombinant γ-interferon plus muramyl dipeptide resulted in monocytemediated cytotoxicity and in the secretion of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. rGM-CSF in vitro also did not stimulate the tumoricidal function of normal monocytes or the secretion of interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor. We concluded that systemic administration of rGM-CSF did not result in routine activation of monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity but did result in a dose-dependent rise in the number of circulating monocytes. Because these monocytes could be activated in vitro, we propose that, in an adjuvant therapy setting, rGM-CSF be combined with other activating agents to increase the pool of potential killer cells.
TU-F-CAMPUS-T-04: An Evaluation of Out-Of-Field Doses for Electron Beams From Modern Varian and Elekta Linear Accelerators

Purpose: Accurately determining out-of-field doses when using electron beam radiotherapy is of importance when treating pregnant patients or patients with implanted electronic devices. Scattered doses outside of the applicator field in electron beams have not been broadly investigated, especially since manufacturers have taken different approaches in applicator designs. Methods: In this study, doses outside of the applicator field were measured for electron beams produced by a 10×10 applicator on two Varian 21iXs operating at 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV, a Varian TrueBeam operating at 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV, and an Elekta Versa HD operating at 6, 9, 12 and 15 MeV. Peripheral dose profiles and percent depth doses were measured in a Wellhofer water phantom at 100 cm SSD with a Farmer ion chamber. Doses were compared to peripheral photon doses from AAPM’s Task Group #36 report. Results: Doses were highest for the highest electron energies. Doses typically decreased with increasing distance from the field edge but showed substantial increases over some distance ranges. Substantial dose differences were observed between different accelerators; the Elekta accelerator had much higher doses than any Varian unit examined. Surprisingly, doses were often similar to, and could be much higher than, doses from photon therapy. Doses decreased sharply with depth before becoming nearly constant; the dose was found to decrease to a depth of approximately E(MeV)/4 in cm. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that proper shielding may be very important when utilizing electron beams, particularly on a Versa HD, while treating pregnant patients or those with implanted electronic devices. Applying a water equivalent bolus of Emax(MeV)/4 thickness (cm) on the patient would reduce fetal dose drastically for all clinical energies and is a practical solution to manage the potentially high peripheral doses seen from modern electron beams. Funding from NIH Grant number: #CA180803
External economies of localization, urbanization and industrial diversity and new firm survival

This paper explores how external economies influence the survival of new, independent business establishments in the continental United States using a confidential, establishment-level dataset on new firm longevity. Industrial localization has a positive influence on new businesses survival in five of the eight industries examined. Regional industrial diversity is also beneficial to new firms in five study industries, particularly those that are more knowledge-intensive. The benefits of city size are limited to two study industries, with diseconomies of size found for an additional three. Resumen Este articulo explora como influyen las economias externas en la supervivencia de nuevos establecimientos comerciales independientes en la parte continental de los EE.UU. y utiliza la longevidad de nuevas empresas incluida en un conjunto de datos confidencial a escala de establecimiento. La localizacion industrial tiene una influencia positiva en la supervivencia de nuevos negocios en cinco de los ocho sectores examinados. La diversidad industrial regional es tambien beneficiosa para las nuevas empresas de cinco de los sectores de estudio, en particular en los que dependen mas del conocimiento. Los beneficios del tamano de la ciudad estan limitados a dos de los sectores estudiados, y se encontraron deseconomias de escala para tres sectores.
Studies on the reaction mechanism of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase.

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of action of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (ATP:d-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) were investigated by several techniques. The initial velocity, product inhibition, isotope exchange patterns, and the result of a pulse labeling experiment are consistent with a mechanism in which ADP (or inosine diphosphate) dissociates from the enzyme before the addition of fructose 6-phosphate, and suggest the formation of phosphoryl enzyme as an intermediate. The enzyme preparation shows ATPase and fructose diphosphatase activities. The ATPase activity is catalyzed by the same protein that catalyzes the phosphofructokinase reaction.
Megestrol acetate and aminoglutethimide/hydrocortisone in sequence or in combination as second-line endocrine therapy of estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group phase III trial.

PURPOSEA phase III randomized trial was performed to determine whether combination hormonal therapy with aminoglutethimide (AG) and hydrocortisone (HC) plus megestrol acetate (MA) improved response rates, response duration, or increased survival over the sequential use of each hormone in women with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who had maintained stable disease for at least 6 months or responded to tamoxifen.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwo hundred eighty-eight postmenopausal women with progressive estrogen receptor-positive MBC were randomly selected to receive MA 40 mg four times daily (arm I), AG 250 mg four times daily with HC 40 mg daily in divided doses (arm II), versus the combination of MA plus AG given at the same dosages (arm III). Patients on arms I and II who progressed after an adequate trial were crossed over to the other treatment arm.RESULTSTwo hundred thirty-five eligible patients were evaluated for response, time to treatment failure, and survival. Response was only re...
Embracing the complexity of individual differences in cognition: Studying good information processing and how it might develop

Abstract The good information processing perspective is that cognitive performance is a product of strategies, nonstrategic knowledge, metacognition, motivation, and short-term capacity. To date, the perspective is supported (a) by quantitative studies establishing that strategic functioning depends on nonstrategic knowledge, metacognition, motivational beliefs, and capacity; as well as (b) by qualitative investigations demonstrating that effective strategies instruction includes teaching of strategies and simultaneous development of nonstrategic knowledge, metacognition, and supportive motivational beliefs; and (c) think-aloud analyses revealing the use of strategies, filtering of new information through prior knowledge, and generation of on-line metacognition through monitoring—with motivation definitely high. An important next direction is to develop a model of change: That is, how do not-so-good information processors become good information processors?
Titanium Nitride/Carbon Coatings on Graphite Fibers

Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were applied to graphite-fiber tows by dip coating desized (900°C in nitrogen) fibers in hexane solutions containing 0.5, 1, or 2 equivalent wt% TiN as the precursor, [Ti(NMe2)x(μ–NCHMe2)4−2x]n. The precursor was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Bulk samples of precursor were heated to selected temperatures in argon. Based on microstructural and chemical analyses, two pyrolysis temperatures— 900°C and 1200°C— were selected for more-detailed studies predicated on fiber oxidation-resistance behavior. At 900°C, the bulk material exhibited a powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) pattern consistent with microcrystalline TiN, although some free carbon remained. XRD analysis of the samples pyrolyzed to 1200°C indicated a higher degree of crystallinity and some carbon incorporation in the TiN lattice; e.g., a TiCN solid solution forms, as supported by chemical and TGA analyses. Fibers coated with precursor were heated at a rate of 10°C/min in argon to selected temperatures, followed by a hold for 1 h, and the resulting coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and oxidation resistance at 700°C for 2 h in air. Coated fibers pyrolyzed to 900° and 1200°C were studied in detail. Fibers heat treated at 900°C exhibited better oxidation resistance than fibers pretreated at 1200°C, as determined by mass loss. Uncoated fiber tows fully oxidized after 80 min. The oxidation-resistance studies on fiber tows pretreated at 900°C and coated with 0.5, 1, and 2 equivalent wt% TiN indicated that the sample with a coating of 1 wt%, with thicknesses of 0.1–0.2 μm, was the most stable. The coatings of 0.5 equivalent wt% TiN were irregular, whereas the coatings of 2 equivalent wt% TiN exhibited process-related cracking, leading to poor oxidation resistance.
Feasibility Study for Copper/Zirconium Oxides as Oxygen Carrier in Chemical Looping Air Separation (CLAS)

Chemical looping air separation (CLAS) is a new and energy saving method to separate oxygen from air. In this work, oxygen carrier was prepared by mechanical mixing method using CuO as active phase and ZrO2 as binder. XRD and SEM analysis indicate that ZrO2 cannot react with CuO at high sintering temperature and oxygen carriers prepared by this method are porous. Reactivity tests of oxygen carrier were investigated in STA409PC thermogravimetric analyzer using both temperature-programmed and isothermal thermogravimetry. The results show that the copper-based oxygen carrier has the capability of releasing oxygen when the temperatures higher than 850°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction rates increase greatly as the temperature increases. Moreover, the oxygen carrier can keep high reactivity after several cycles. The copper/zirconium oxides as oxygen carrier were found to be suitable for CLAS process.
Measurement of Testosterone Excretion and Production Rate by Glass Paper Chromatography

A recently described method for separation of urinary 17-KS by glass paper chromatography (J Clin Endocr 24: 68, 1964) has been modified to include a reliable and specific technique for the isolation and measurement of testosterone in human urine. Testosterone production rates are determined by the isotope dilution principle with intravenous injection of testosterone 1,2-3H and isolation of tritiated testosterone from urine. Urinary testosterone is quantitated by a fluorimetric method with a sensitivity of 0.01 μg. Values for testosterone excretion and production rates in normal and abnormal subjects are presented. Because of its simplicity, rapidity and precision, this glass paper chromatographic method for measurement of testosterone and the individual urinary 11-desoxy-17-KS should provide a useful clinical technique for studies of androgen metabolism in man.
An Euler-Lagrange strategy for simulating particle-laden flows

In this work, a strategy capable of simulating polydisperse flows in complex geometries is employed where the fluid transport equations are solved in an Eulerian framework and the dispersed phase is represented as Lagrangian particles. Volume filtered equations for the carrier phase are derived in detail for variable density flows, and all unclosed terms are discussed. Special care is given to the interphase coupling terms that arise, in order to ensure that they are implemented consistently and that they converge under mesh refinement. This provides the flexibility of using cell sizes that are smaller than the particle diameter if necessary. Particle collisions are handled using a soft-sphere model that has been modified for parallel efficiency. Simulations are carried out for a number of laboratory-scale configurations, showing excellent agreement with experiments.
Youth perceptions of neighborhood hassles and resources: A mixed method analysis

Abstract Empirical investigations exploring the processes and mechanisms of neighborhood influences on child and youth development are needed to contribute to the growing body of research on neighborhood as a context for development. Using a mixed method design, this study examined the relationship between structurally identified resources in three urban public housing neighborhoods, youth perceptions and experiences of resources, and youth report of neighborhood hassles and cohesion. Survey data from 153 ethnically and culturally diverse youth between 6th and 8th grade were analyzed using regression analyses; constant comparative analysis was used to code interviews from a subsample of 22 youth. Results indicated an inverse relationship between the number of neighborhood resources and the level of daily hassles youth report. Analysis of mixed method results further highlights the importance of young people's perceptions of neighborhood influences.
The long-term effects of placebo in patients with chronic schizophrenia

Abstract Background: It has been hypothesized that placebo periods may increase long-term morbidity for patients with schizophrenia. In this study, the long-term effect of a placebo period was evaluated in a group of relatively treatment-refractory patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: This retrospective study examined behavioral rating scores for 127 patients with chronic schizophrenia who were placed in a double-blind placebo study on the inpatient units of the National Institute of Mental Health Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital. Patients were rated daily with the Psychiatric Symptom Assessment Scale (PSAS), an extended and anchored version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). At the end of the placebo phase, most patients were placed on haloperidol. Pre-placebo baseline PSAS ratings were compared with, first, discharge ratings and second, post-placebo ratings. To determine expected variability in the course of illness, patients in the placebo group were compared with patients hospitalized during the same time period, but who did not enter the placebo study. Results: By discharge, ratings for placebo patients had returned to baseline. Post-placebo ratings were quite variable. Although many of the placebo patients had returned to baseline by day 3 of the post-placebo phase, others had not returned to baseline by post-placebo day 42. PSAS Total Scores for patients who left the study early were no different at baseline, placebo, or through post-placebo day 35 compared with patients who completed the study. Conclusions: The results indicate that given a sufficiently lengthy recovery period, patients with chronic schizophrenia who go through a placebo phase return to baseline, but that the speed with which they attain that recovery is highly variable. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:1092–1105
Scaling analysis of surface roughness and Bragg oscillation decay in models for low-temperature epitaxial growth

Abstract The structure of epitaxial thin films during growth is often probed experimentally up to only a dozen or so monolayers. Here we consider several models for low-temperature growth where thermal processes are inoperative. We find effective scaling of the interface width, W , of the form W 2 ∼ 〈 h 〉 2 β or log〈 h 〉, even in this experimentally relevant regime of small height 〈 h 〉. This scaling behavior can be understood through consideration of the appropriate stochastic evolution equation for the coarse-grained film height. We emphasize physical interpretation of the terms in this equation which determine scaling, especially those reflecting lateral coupling due to realistic adsorption site geometries and deposition dynamics. Finally we consider how growth (or scaling) of W is reflected in the behavior of transient quantities such as Bragg intensity oscillations. We show that the envelope of these oscillations tends to decay like e −9.9 W 2 with increasing W . This provides a simple connection between W and the most commonly observed experimental quantity.
On the Jackknife Statistic and Its Relation to UMVU Estimators in the Normal Case

In this paper the Jacklenife method is utilized in conjunction with the bo-blackwell procedure to obtain a specific formula for the UMVU estimator f any analytic function of u and σ2 in the normal case. The formula given a easy to employ and quite suitable for machine calculation
A developmental model for enhancing research training during psychiatry residency.

Objective The authors describe a developmental model for enhancing residency research training for careers in academic psychiatry. Over the past 10 years, the University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry has developed a research track (RT) for its residents. While the Department’s plan has been to address the critical need of training physician-scientists in psychiatry, the RT continues to evolve as a structured extension of the University’s residency-training program. Recently, the University’s departmental leadership has taken several steps that address regulatory, institutional, and personal barriers to residency research training put forth by the 2003 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report.
4 th generation wireless transceiver design

4th generation wireless systems will require even higher levels of integration, wider bandwidths and innovative strategies to manage the growing number of available frequency bands. This paper will summarize some of the key circuit and system design approaches for 4th generation wireless transceivers.
Transvaginal ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration of equine oocytes: Preliminary Results

Equine embryo transfer has become commonplace in the past decade. One of the major reasons for embryo transfer in horses is as a treatment for infertile mares. Unfortunately, embryo recovery rate by conventional uterine lavage 7 days postovulation is extremely low in the older mare. The ability to collect oocytes directly from the follicle of the live mare would allow in vitro fertilization to be used as a technique for obtaining foals from older mares with poor reproductive histories. Several investigators have reported on collection of oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries with subsequent maturation 9'11 and fe~ilization of these oocytes.2.s.1 z To date, only one foal has been produced by in vitro fertilization in horses. 9 Progress in in vitro fertilization is dependent upon a readily available supply of equine oocytes. Unfortunately, collection of oocytes at time of slaughter is an irreversible process. Several investigators have reported collection of equine oocytes via a standing flank laparotomy. 4,7,1° Recently, however, techniques have been developed for collection of oocytes from humans 3 and cattle e using a transvaginal ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration technique. This technique allows repeated collection of cocytes from both women and cows. Apparently, only one brief report on transvaginal collection of equine oocytes using ultrasonography has been reperted? The purpose of this study was to develop techniques for routine collection of equine oocytes using transvaginal ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration.
Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.

Abstract There is a need to standardize the NDF procedure. Procedures have varied because of the use of different amylases in attempts to remove starch interference. The original Bacillus subtilis enzyme Type IIIA (XIA) no longer is available and has been replaced by a less effective enzyme. For fiber work, a new enzyme 1 1The heat stable amylase, formerly Number 5426, has been changed by Sigma as of July 1991. The original procedure required .2 ml of this enzyme. The replacement. Number A3306, is four times stronger, and 50 μl are used per sample. has received AOAC approval and is rapidly displacing other amylases in analytical work. This enzyme is available from Sigma (Number A3306; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). The original publications for NDF and ADF (43, 53) and the Agricultural Handbook 379 (14) are obsolete and of historical interest only. Up to date procedures should be followed. Triethylene glycol has replaced 2-ethoxyethanol because of reported toxicity. Considerable development in regard to fiber methods has occurred over the past 5 yr because of a redefinition of dietary fiber for man and monogastric animals that includes lignin and all polysaccharides resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes. In addition to NDF, new improved methods for total dietary fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides including pectin and β-glucans now are available. The latter are also of interest in rumen fermentation. Unlike starch, their fermentations are like that of cellulose but faster and yield no lactic acid. Physical and biological properties of carbohydrate fractions are more important than their intrinsic composition.
Who Pays for Growth in the City of Phoenix?: An Equity-Based Perspective on Suburbanization

The authors test the hypothesis that there is significant spatial mismatch between property taxation and capital investment in inner, middle, and suburban parts of the city of Phoenix. They empirically test a hedonic model of assessed valuation of homes and find that a typical suburban house within Phoenix city limits bears a lower tax burden than the same house in the inner city. Their study also demonstrates that suburban areas receive 40% to 100% more per household in specific capital improvement monies than the average household in the city. The results suggest a cross-subsidization of suburban growth by inner-city dollars.
AFFINITY OF DETOMIDINE, MEDETOMIDINE AND XYLAZINE FOR ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES

alpha 2-Adrenergic receptor agonists are widely used in veterinary medicine as sedative/hypnotic agents. Four pharmacological subtypes of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (A, B, C and D) have been identified based primarily on differences in affinity for several drugs. The purpose of this study was to examine the affinities of the sedative agents, xylazine, detomidine and medetomidine at the four alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Saturation and inhibition binding curves were performed in membranes of tissues containing only one subtype of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. The KD for the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor radioligand, [3H]-MK-912, in HT29 cells (alpha 2A-), neonatal rat lung (alpha 2B-), OK cells (alpha 2C-) and PC12 cells transfected with RG20 (alpha 2D-) were 0.38 +/- 0.08 nM, 0.70 +/- 0.5 nM. 0.07 +/- 0.02 nM and 0.87 +/- 0.03 nM, respectively. Detomidine and medetomidine had approximately a 100 fold higher affinity for all the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors compared to xylazine but neither agonist displayed selectivity for the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes. These data suggest that available sedative/hypnotic alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists can not discriminate between the four known alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes.
Serious systemic toxicity resulting from use of tetracaine for pharyngeal anesthesia in upper endoscopic procedures

Three cases of serious systemic toxicity from tetracaine pharyngeal anesthesia for upper endoscopic procedures are described. The pathophysiologic basis for systemic toxicity is discussed and a recommendation for preendoscopic anesthesia is provided.
DISORDER IN THE DISCRETE NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION

We study the interplay of disorder and nonlinearity in condensed matter systems modeled by the paradigmatic discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation and focus on selftrapping and transport properties. We start by analyzing the two most simple nonlinear disordered systems, viz. a nondegenerate nonlinear dimer and a perturbed degenerate dimer. We then consider the case of few nonlinear impurities embedded in a linear host and treat the stationary problem analytically. We conclude by examining the case of a one-dimensional nonlinear random binary alloy where we find absence of quasiparticle localization, except for large nonlinearity parameter values. The transmission of plane’ waves across a disordered nonlinear segment of this type shows a power-law decay as a function of the segment size.
Role of inositol trisphosphate receptors in autophagy in DT40 cells.

Previous studies have shown that small interfering RNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) stimulate autophagy. We have investigated autophagy in chicken DT40 cell lines containing targeted deletions of all three IP3R isoforms (triple knock-out (TKO) cells). Using gel shifts of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 as a marker of autophagy, we find that TKO cells have enhanced basal autophagic flux even under nutrient-replete conditions. Stable DT40 cell lines derived from TKO cells containing the functionally inactive D2550A IP3R mutant did not suppress autophagy in the same manner as wild-type receptors. This suggests that the channel function of the receptor is important in its regulatory role in autophagy. There were no marked differences in the phosphorylation state of AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, or mammalian target of rapamycin between wild-type and TKO cells. The amount of immunoprecipitated complexes of Bcl-2-Beclin-1 and Beclin-1-Vps34 were also not different between the two cell lines. The major difference noted was a substantially decreased mTORC1 kinase activity in TKO cells based on decreased phosphorylation of S6 kinase and 4E-BP1. The discharge of intracellular stores with thapsigargin stimulated mTORC1 activity (measured as S6 kinase phosphorylation) to a greater extent in wild-type than in TKO cells. We suggest that basal autophagic flux may be negatively regulated by IP3R-dependent Ca2+ signals acting to maintain an elevated mTORC1 activity in wild-type cells and that Ca2+ regulation of this enzyme is defective in TKO cells. The protective effect of a higher autophagic flux in cells lacking IP3Rs may play a role in the delayed apoptotic response observed in these cells.
Comparative Analysis of Effects of Hover Control Concept on V/STOL Aircraft Size

The design of a minimum size V/STOL aircraft to meet given mission requirements is directly influenced by the hover control concept selected and the control power requirements. Parametric studies were conducted on a lift-plus-lift-cruise variable sweep V/STOL fighter aircraft to indicate the aircraft weight penalty and control effectiveness associated with various hover control arrangements. These studies evaluated the effectiveness of three basic control systems: 1) engine bleed, 2) thrust modulation, 3) combined bleed and thrust modulation. Engine bleed systems included bleeding lift engines only, bleeding lift cruise engines only, or bleeding all engines. Both continuous and demand bleed systems were studied. Twenty control arrangements were evaluated for the normal power hover flight condition. Using unique digital computer models, aircraft size, engine size, and control effectiveness were parametrically determined as a function of percent engine bleed, vertical lift-to-weight ratio at takeoff, and hover control power requirements. Data was obtained for both singleaxis and simultaneous three-axis hover control power maneuver requirements. Comparison of the effectiveness of each control arrangement clearly indicated the most efficient system, i.e., one yielding a minimum size vehicle meeting both mission and hover control power requirements.
Biochemical Investigations and Mapping of the Calcium-binding Sites of Heparinase I from Flavobacterium heparinum

Abstract The heparinases from Flavobacterium heparinum are lyases that specifically cleave heparin-like glycosaminoglycans. Previously, amino acids located in the active site of heparinase I have been identified and mapped. In an effort to further understand the mechanism by which heparinase I cleaves its polymer substrate, we sought to understand the role of calcium, as a necessary cofactor, in the enzymatic activity of heparinase I. Specifically, we undertook a series of biochemical and biophysical experiments to answer the question of whether heparinase I binds to calcium and, if so, which regions of the protein are involved in calcium binding. Using the fluorescent calcium analog terbium, we found that heparinase I tightly bound divalent and trivalent cations. Furthermore, we established that this interaction was specific for ions that closely approximate the ionic radius of calcium. Through the use of the modification reagentsN-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3′-sulfonate (Woodward’s reagent K) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, we showed that the interaction between heparinase I and calcium was essential for proper functioning of the enzyme. Preincubation with either calcium alone or calcium in the presence of heparin was able to protect the enzyme from inactivation by these modifying reagents. In addition, through mapping studies of Woodward’s reagent K-modified heparinase I, we identified two putative calcium-binding sites, CB-1 (Glu207–Ala219) and CB-2 (Thr373–Arg384), in heparinase I that not only are specifically modified by Woodward’s reagent K, leading to loss of enzymatic activity, but also conform to the calcium-coordinating consensus motif.
Cortical NAA deficits in HIV infection without dementia: influence of alcoholism comorbidity.

Cortical NAA Deficits in HIV Infection without Dementia: Influence of Alcoholism Comorbidity
Analysis of cytogenetic damage in rat lymphocytes following in vivo exposure to nitrobenzene

Abstract Male F-344 rats were exposed to target concentrations of 0, 5, 16, or 50 ppm nitrobenzene for 6 h/day, 5 days a week, for 21 days during a 29-day period. Isolated spleen (ISLs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were cultured in the presence of 2 μM 5-bromodeoxyuridine and scored for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and PBLs were also scored for chromosome aberrations. No significant increase in SCE frequency or chromosome aberrations was found in the PBLs, and no significant increase in SCEs was observed in the ISLs at any of the concentrations. Thus, cytogenetic analysis of ISLs and PBLs provide no evidence of a genotoxic potential for nitrobenzene.
Stereo hysteresis revisited.

Abstract I have replicated the historic Fender and Julesz stereo hysteresis study [ J. opt. Soc. Am. 57 , 819–830 (1967)] but with a different method of image stabilization. My results generally support their findings that once fused, the two stabilized monocular images of a random-dot stereogram can be separated on the retinas by as much as 2 deg and still remain fused. However, there is one major exception: whereas they found it necessary to realign the images to within 6 min of arc for refusion to occur, I find that refusion of stabilized random-dot stereograms may occur well outside the classical Panum's fusional area.
Torsades de pointes therapy with phenytoin

We present the case of a woman with myocardial infarction complicated by malignant ventricular arrhythmia and torsades de pointes. The torsades de pointes was refractory to conventional therapy but responsive to phenytoin. This case suggests the clinicial usefulness of phenytoin for adjunct therapy of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias when standard treatment modalities fail.
Nonblinking and long-lasting single-molecule fluorescence imaging

Photobleaching and blinking of fluorophores pose fundamental limitations on the information content of single-molecule fluorescence measurements. Photoinduced blinking of Cy5 has hampered many previous investigations using this popular fluorophore. Here we show that Trolox in combination with the enzymatic oxygen-scavenging system eliminates Cy5 blinking, dramatically reduces photobleaching and improves the signal linearity at high excitation rates, significantly extending the applicability of single-molecule fluorescence techniques.
Wallpaper newspapers of the American Civil War

Abstract The conservation of three newspapers printed on wallpaper during the American Civil War is presented, together with relevant research to determine the newspapers' relative merits as design art or archives as they pertained to treatment choices and priorities. The author explains the reasons for using wallpaper as newsprint during the Civil War. Alternative uses for wallpaper, or “paper hangings” as they were known before the 19th century, are discussed, followed by a short history of wallpaper manufacture in America.
Determination of interfacial tension from crystallization and dissolution data: a comparison with other methods

Methods for the determination of interfacial tension between a solid and a liquid are reviewed including solubility/particle size, crystallization and dissolution kinetics. The use of solubility as a function of particle size, originally put forward by Ostwald and later corrected by Freundlich, may be unjustified for determining interfacial tension at solid-liquid interfaces. The interfacial tension values between solutions and sparingly soluble minerals such as hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, brushite, octacalcium phosphate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcite, and divalent metal fluorides are discussed. A comparison of these results is made with contact angle or wetting measurements. The interfacial tension values obtained from constant composition reaction kinetics are of the same order of magnitude as those determined using a contact angle method involving thin layer wicking techniques.