cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Relationship Between the Clinical Manifestation and Pathology of 60 Pediatric Patients with Henoch-Schonlin Purpura Nephritis

Objective To investigate the relationship between the clinical manifestation and pathological grading of Henoch-Schonlin purpura nephritis in children. Methods The clinical data and pathological characteristics of 60 children confirmedly diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis by renal biopsy were reviewed retrospectively. Results 1The heamaturia and proteinuria(37 cases, 61.7%) were the most common clinical type, followed by nephrotic syndrome(16 cases, 26.7%). The major pathological type of HSPN were grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ. The main pathological changes of heamaturia and proteinuria type were grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ, and the main pathological changes of nephrotic syndrome were grade Ⅲb.2 Ig A+Ig M deposit(38.3%) was the most common immune pathological type, followed by Ig A+Ig M+Ig G deposit(35%). Conclusion The more severe clinical manifestations in purpura nephritis children are, the more severe their renal pathology will be, so renal biopsy should be done and treatment plan should be made as early as possible.
2 – Small modular reactors (SMRs) for producing nuclear energy: international developments

Abstract The development of small modular reactors (SMR) has been pursued worldwide since the early success of small reactors for military marine propulsion applications in the 1950s. In recent years, there has been a global resurgence of interest in SMRs from both system designers and potential customers. Several designs that are in various stages of development, under construction, or in operation are briefly described in this chapter. The designs are categorized by their choice of coolant technology into four groups: water-cooled SMRs, gas-cooled SMRs, liquid metal-cooled SMRs, and molten salt-cooled SMRs. Key features and deployment approach for several designs are presented. The chapter is concluded with a vision of future trends in the global development and deployment of SMRs and a list of resources for additional information.
Systematics of the Eupatorium mohrii Complex (Asteraceae)

Abstract Analysis of ITS sequence data was used to help to elucidate species relationships in the Eupatorium mohrii complex, which includes sexual diploid and apomictic polyploids. Lack of variation and polymorphism in ITS sequences showed that E. recurvans and E. mohrii comprise diploid and autoploid populations, respectively, and should be recognized as a single species, for which the latter name has priority. Populations that collectively have been called E. anomalum, which has previously been shown to be apomictic and suggested to be of allopolyploid origin, were discovered to include two different genetic combinations that are geographically separated. The more southerly populations, including those at the type locality, were suggested by ITS sequence data to be hybrid derivatives of E. mohrii and E. rotundifolium. Northern populations from Virginia and North Carolina appeared to be hybrid derivatives of E. mohrii and E. serotinum, confirmed by data from highthroughput sequencing of the nuclear ribos...
Comparison of the economics of paper-oil and polymer-fluid extra-high-voltage cables

Pressures have been growing for increased power transmission via underground cables, in spite of costs which may be 10 to 20 times as great as for corresponding overhead systems. To reduce these costs, the trend has been toward higher power capability through higher operating voltages. This has led to a growing concern over increasing dielectric losses and to a more careful consideration of the replacement of the widely used paper-oil insulation by other lower-dielectric-loss systems (e.g., polymer and pressurized gas). In this paper we examine the limitations on the oil-paper system for voltages above the presently used maximum of 345 kV and compare costs with a model fluid-impregnated polymer system.
Collaborative Questioning through Digital Media: A Strategy for Catalyzing Student Research “Conversations”

Research begins with good questions. Undergraduate students often struggle with research projects because they do not know how to pose good research questions. This note describes a teaching strategy that is collaborative and digital, and enables students to practice asking research questions and acquire skills for evaluating them collectively. Working in groups and through a digital medium, students query each other's research interests and, in turn, inhabit the kinds of conversational practices that characterize authentic scholarly discourse.
Local modular Hamiltonians from the quantum null energy condition

The vacuum modular Hamiltonian $K$ of the Rindler wedge in any relativistic quantum field theory is given by the boost generator. Here we investigate the modular Hamiltonian for more general half-spaces which are bounded by an arbitrary smooth cut of a null plane. We derive a formula for the second derivative of the modular Hamiltonian with respect to the coordinates of the cut which schematically reads ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}={T}_{vv}$. This formula can be integrated twice to obtain a simple expression for the modular Hamiltonian. The result naturally generalizes the standard expression for the Rindler modular Hamiltonian to this larger class of regions. Our primary assumptions are the quantum null energy condition---an inequality between the second derivative of the von Neumann entropy of a region and the stress tensor---and its saturation in the vacuum for these regions. We discuss the validity of these assumptions in free theories and holographic theories to all orders in $1/N$.
Signaling Pathways in HIT Immune Complex Stimulation of Monocyte Tissue Factor.

In heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), platelet-fibrin thrombi form in vivo due to generation of thrombin initiated by intravascular tissue factor (TF). Stimulation of monocytic cells in vitro by the HIT immune complex (IC), consisting of heparin/PF4 complexes and IgG anti-hep/PF4 antibodies, triggers TF expression. The HIT IC binds to Fcγ receptors on monocytic cells to initiate a signal cascade which results in new TF transcription. Though much is known about monocyte TF transcription as a consequence of LPS stimulation of TLR4, the mechanism by which HIT IC engagement of FcγR leads to TF transcription is unknown. Transcription of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of IC engagement of FcγRs on monocytes has been reported to involve the ras/Erk and/or PI3K/Akt pathways downstream of syk. We tested the hypothesis that HIT IC- FcγR engagement signals via a PI3K/Akt pathway to trigger TF transcription. We created a model HIT IC consisting of an optimal ratio of heparin and recombinant human PF4, bound by well-characterized monoclonal anti-hep/hPF4 antibody KKO. Using human monocytic cell line THP-1, we observed that the HIT IC induction of new TF mRNA, assessed by qRT-PCR after treatment for 2 h at 37°C, was reduced approximately 80% by pretreatment of the cells with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM; n = 3, p
Design and Implementation of a Line Balance Visualization and Editing Tool

The objective of this research is to develop a knowledge representation for managing and modifying assembly line balance information through visualization tools. Additionally, a software tool, the Line Balancing Visualization and Editing Tool (LVET), is developed that enables assembly line balancing experts to view and edit line balance knowledge. The tool is integrated with external line balancing algorithms and assembly line constraints. This knowledge representation and associated tool provide a graphical representation of workstation layout, processes assigned to workstations, and tool and time constraint information. The tool enables complex line text based results to be visualized graphically. The tool is validated by checking for consistent and correct representation of information from an algorithm generated line balance.
Mechanical Behavior and Structure of Advanced Fe-Cr-Al Alloy Weldments

FeCrAl alloys are promising for developing accident tolerant nuclear fuel claddings. These alloys showed good environmental compatibility and oxidation resistance in elevated-temperature water and steam, as well as low radiation-induced swelling. However, FeCrAl alloys may suffer from several degradation mechanisms, one of which may be a susceptibility to cracking during welding. Here, a set of advanced modified FeCrAl alloys were designed and produced by varying Al-content and employing additions of Nb and TiC. Strength, ductility, and deformation hardening behavior of the advanced FeCrAl alloys and their weldments are discussed.
Retinal Vasculature: Structure and Pathologies

Retinal vessels are unique in a way as they are the only blood vessels of the body that can be observed live. The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) that exists at the level of the retinal capillaries is involved in the tight regulation of the fluid electrolyte balance in the retina. Breakdown of this barrier results in fluid accumulation in the retinal layers causing edema. This article describes the structure of the normal BRB and how it is altered in different pathologies including diabetic retinopathy. The clinical features, pathogenesis, and animal models for each of the common retinal vascular diseases are discussed in relation to this BRB. Various novel approaches including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies and other potential therapies are discussed as therapeutic strategies in these diseases.
Dependency Courts and Science

The stakes in dependency courts are very high and concern the welfare of highly vulnerable children and the fundamental rights of both children and parents. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of social and behavioral science research that can inform judges, attorneys, and policy makers in their efforts to achieve the goals of child safety, permanency, and well-being while ensuring due process for children and parents. This chapter discusses two earlier chapters of this volume about the work of dependency courts that illustrate the ways through which dependency courts are beginning to use social/behavioral science. Researchers are beginning to assist courts in empirically testing the effectiveness of various consensus developed “best practices” court practices and procedures. Similarly, judges are beginning to question the validity of assessments and the effectiveness of services that they utilize to inform their decisions and mandates regarding the families under their jurisdiction. The chapter discusses challenges and recommendations for courts and social-behavioral scientists working together to build a fair, effective, and efficient dependency. court system with court referred services that have a sound scientific basis.
Readings in medical artificial intelligence: the first decade

or training. The chapter by Ralph Mann on sprinting and hurdling offers advice on how a knowledge of biomechanics can improve performance. It could be improved with the addition of a set of recommendations for the coach and athlete. The other chapters on biomechanics do not effectively tell athletes how they can use the information provided to improve their performance or prevent injury. The chapters on psychology
Cellular aspects of implantation

Implantation is an essential and integral component of the reproductive process in all mammals except the Monotremes (egg layers). Several reviews treating morphological (19, 68, 25), comparative (83), and evolutionary (1) aspects of implantation have appeared in recent years. This chapter focuses on cellular and molecular interactions between the trophoblast and uterus of Metatherian (placental) mammals. Most of the present knowledge about implantation has been derived from experimentation with laboratory and domestic species, with occasional observations from wild animals and humans. There are fundamental similarities of implantation that are common to all mammals, and these similarities are discussed herein. A few examples of variation are cited for reasons of contrast, but for the most part, atypical variations are excluded.
Orbital cellulitis with choroidal detachment following strabismus surgery in an adult.

We report the case of a 76-year-old man who presented with left eye pain, eyelid swelling, and restricted extraocular motility 3 days after strabismus surgery. Computed tomography of the orbits did not show drainable abscesses, but magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 9 showed choroidal detachment with retrobulbar abscess and dural enhancement despite broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic use. Following incision and drainage of the abscess, which grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the patient showed improvement in visual acuity, pain, and extraocular motility. This is the first report of choroidal detachment occurring in the setting of orbital cellulitis after strabismus surgery.
Equality Beyond Debate: John Dewey's Pragmatic Idea of Democracy

While many current analyses of democracy focus on creating a more civil, respectful debate among competing political viewpoints, this study argues that the existence of structural social inequality requires us to go beyond the realm of political debate. Challenging prominent contemporary theories of democracy, the author draws on John Dewey to bring the work of combating social inequality into the forefront of democratic thought. Dewey's 'pragmatic' principles are deployed to present democracy as a developing concept constantly confronting unique conditions obstructing its growth. Under structurally unequal social conditions, democracy is thereby seen as demanding the overcoming of this inequality; this inequality corrupts even well-organized forums of political debate, and prevents individuals from governing their everyday lives. Dewey's approach shows that the process of fighting social inequality is uniquely democratic, and he avoids current democratic theory's tendency to abstract from this inequality.
A New Species of Eimeria Schneider, 1885 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Harris's Antelope Squirrel Ammospermophilus Harrisii Audubon & Bachman (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Eimeria ammospermophili n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from 2 of 29 (7%) Harris’s antelope squirrels Ammospermophilus harrisii Audubon & Bachman in Arizona, USA. Sporulated oocysts of this new species are ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 24–32 × 20–25 (29.0 × 22.7) µm, with a pitted, bi-layered wall, an oocyst residuum and, occasionally, a polar granule. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 10–12 × 7–9 (11.0 × 7.9) µm, with a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum; sporozoites are elongate with a spheroidal anterior refractile body and an ellipsoidal posterior refractile body. In addition, sporulated oocysts of Eimeria vilasi Dorney, 1962 are described from A. harrisii. This is the first report on the coccidia of this host species.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): Autism Case Study #4

A majority of children with autism engage in behavior problems including tantrums, noncompliance, and physical aggression. Managing these behavior problems for parents can be difficult and ultimately can limit the family’s participation in educational, community, and family social activities. Therefore, interventions that teach parents to effectively manage behavior problems may significantly improve functioning in these areas. In addition, evidence for the use of behavior programs such as Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) to treat behavior problems—and potentially autistic behaviors—in children with autism is still accumulating. The following case study presents the effectiveness of PCIT in the treatment of noncompliance for a 4-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and limited language skills. Rating scales and observations of behavior problems, social interactions, and repetitive behaviors were collected at pre- and posttreatment, with parent/teacher ratings of behavior also collected at 12-month follow-up. Results of this case study demonstrate that PCIT was effective in reducing parent/teacher ratings of behavior problems, and improving parent-child interactions, child compliance, and objective indicators of social interaction (e.g., eye gaze, prosocial behaviors) and repetitive behaviors. The case study provides clinicians with specific examples in which PCIT was tailored to address or circumvent difficulties associated with autism, and provides recommendations for use of PCIT in this population.
Total Learning Marketing

Numerous practitioners and scholars have suggested that learning may be the only sustainable competitive advantage in the global and fast cycle time marketing environment. Being market oriented is not enough anymore. Instead, organizations need to adopt the philosophy of being market-driven learning organizations. Total Learning Marketing is proposed in this paper to describe a market– driven learning organization. Using information network theory, the activities, powers, exchanges, and actor roles and their related organizational learning concepts inherent in the Total Learning Marketing organization are integrated in this paper to enhance market orientation and organizational learning theory and practice.
Child Pornography and Online Sexual Solicitation.

This review highlights recent literature regarding online sexual offending, including the prevalence, characteristics, a brief review of recent typology literature, victimization risk factors, risk factors of being a “crossover” offender, rates and risk factors for recidivism, and a discussion of prevention efforts. Online sexual offenders are overwhelmingly White men with relationship problems who were rarely previously arrested for felonies. They score lower on measures of antisocial behavior, compared to offenders who commit contact sexual offenses against children. Individuals who commit pornography offenses are at lower risk to commit contact offenses and their risk factors include having sexual interest in children and antisocial attitudes. Online offenders are different from contact sexual offenders and from offenders who commit both types of offenses. Recidivism in online noncontact offenders is difficult to assess due to the lack of empirically supported tools and the inappropriateness of using popular actuarial tools that lack norms on these offenders, but a new measure (CPORT) is being studied for use with this population.
SeO2-Mediated Oxidative Transposition of Pauson-Khand Products.

Oxidative transpositions of bicyclic cyclopentenones mediated by selenium dioxide (SeO2) are disclosed. Treatment of Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) products with SeO2 in the presence or absence of wat...
Design of wearable devices for diverse populations (Conference Presentation)

The use of wearable devices is changing the way patients manage many chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, outside the clinic. The ability of wearable to provide continuous monitoring makes them particularly suitable for the management of these chronic disorders which are disproportionately present in minorities. Compared to Caucasians, African American are 30% more likely to die of cardiovascular diseases, while Hispanic and Latino are 65% more likely to be diabetic. These groups have also significant higher rate of obesity. In this talk we will introduce some of our work aimed at the development of optical wearable devices targeting chronic diseases. We will show, through Monte Carlo modeling, how common optical wearable devices do not address the need of all users and are particularly limited in dealing with highly pigmented skin tones as well as large adipose layers. Strategies to overcome these limitations will be presented.
Nonlinear vibration analysis in precision motion stage with PID and time-delayed feedback controls

We investigate the control of friction-induced vibration in a precision motion stage under the effect of the LuGre friction dynamics. We consider a lumped parameter model of the precision motion stage with PID and linear time-delayed state feedback control acting in the direction of the motion of the stage. Linear stability analysis reveals the criticality of integral gain in the stability and, accordingly, the existence of multiple stability lobes and codimension-2 Hopf points for a given choice of system parameters. The nature of the bifurcation is determined by an analytical study using the method of multiple scales and harmonic balance. We observe the existence of both subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations in the system, depending on the choice of control parameters. Hence, the nonlinearity due to dynamic friction model could both be stabilizing or destabilizing in nature, and therefore, stick-slip nonlinearity is essential to capture the global behavior of the system dynamics. Furthermore, numerical bifurcation analysis of the system reveals the existence of period-doubling bifurcation near the Hopf points. We observe complicated solutions such as period-4, quasi-periodic, large-amplitude stick-slip limit cycles along with chaotic attractor in the system.
Phase II trial of sorafenib and doxorubicin in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after disease progression on sorafenib

Background Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received second line sorafenib plus doxorubicin following disease progression on sorafenib were shown retrospectively to have improved progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Sorafenib plus doxorubicin combination may synergistically promote ASK-1 mediated apoptosis in cancer cells through RAF-1 inhibition. Thus, we conducted this phase II study of sorafenib and doxorubicin combination following progression on sorafenib. Methods Patients with histologically confirmed advanced HCC, confirmed radiologic progression on sorafenib, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥70%, and Child-Pugh A liver cirrhosis were eligible. Patients received sorafenib 400 mg twice daily and doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 once every 3-weeks. The primary endpoint was OS at 6 months (OS6). Secondary endpoints included safety, PFS, OS, response rate (RR) by RECIST 1.1. Additional endpoints included baseline and on-treatment tumor ASK-1 and pERK expression levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the correlation with PFS, RR, and OS. Results Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, 86% were male, median age was 64 years. OS6 was 76.6% (95%CI: 57.2%-88.1%). Median OS was 8.6 (95%CI: 7.3-12) months, and median PFS reached 3.9 (95%CI: 2.4-4.6) months. Three (11%) partial responses were observed and 17 patients (61%) had stable disease. Pertinent grade 3-4 adverse events that occurred in more than 10% of patients included neutropenia (16%), febrile neutropenia (10%), anemia (10%), thrombocytopenia (10%), elevated AST (23%) and ALT (10%), hypophosphatemia (10%), and fatigue (10%). No association with the difference in baseline and post-treatment ASK-1 and pERK level of expression by IHC and survival outcomes was detected. Conclusion Sorafenib plus doxorubicin following progression on sorafenib did not show any improved outcome. We do not recommend further development or use of this combination in HCC.
Electrically assisted silver and copper coated filter papers with enhanced bactericidal effects

Abstract Increased microorganisms resistance to drugs is currently a challenging problem as more powerful drugs are necessary for successful treatments. Current research is investigating for the first time reinforced bactericidal effects in wastewater resulted by simultaneous use of metallic thin films deposited on water filter papers combined with electrical power directly applied to the coated structures. Silver and copper were deposited at room temperature onto water filter papers by using high vacuum magnetron sputtering system. The metallic coated structures efficiently eliminated common types of wastewater bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli and other coliforms). The antibacterial effects were reinforced by using electrical power applied to the structures. Increasing the electricity levels resulted in stronger bactericidal effects and subsequently shorter exposure times were required to reduce bacteria from contaminated water. Thin films adherence to filter fibers and the morphology of the coated structures were examined using digital optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The method used for assessing antibacterial performance was the standardized membrane filtering technique for wastewater examination. Water was collected from local basins and the bacterial content was monitored before and after exposure to uncoated, silver and copper coated filter fibers, and electrically activated metallic coated filter fibers. The metallic thin films were retained on the fibers surface after water treatment consequently reducing the nanoparticles release to the surroundings.
Lithium Metal Anodes with Nonaqueous Electrolytes

High-energy rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) with Li metal anode (LMA) were first developed in the 1970s, but their practical applications have been hindered by the safety and low-efficiency concerns related to LMA. Recently, a worldwide effort on LMA-based rechargeable LMBs has been revived to replace graphite-based, Li-ion batteries because of the much higher energy density that can be achieved with LMBs. This review focuses on the recent progress on the stabilization of LMA with nonaqueous electrolytes and reveals the fundamental mechanisms behind this improved stability. Various strategies that can enhance the stability of LMA in practical conditions and perspectives on the future development of LMA are also discussed. These strategies include the use of novel electrolytes such as superconcentrated electrolytes, localized high-concentration electrolytes, and highly fluorinated electrolytes, surface coatings that can form a solid electrolyte interphase with a high interfacial energy and self-healing capabilities, development of "anode-free" Li batteries to minimize the interaction between LMA and electrolyte, approaches to enable operation of LMA in practical conditions, etc. Combination of these strategies ultimately will lead us closer to the large-scale application of LMBs which often is called the "Holy Grail" of energy storage systems.
Photoelectron Spectra of Gd2O2- and Nonmonotonic Photon-Energy-Dependent Variations in Populations of Close-Lying Neutral States.

Photoelectron spectra of Gd2O2– obtained with photon energies ranging from 2.033 to 3.495 eV exhibit numerous close-lying neutral states with photon-energy-dependent relative intensities. Transitio...
Audio Cochleogram with Analysis and Synthesis Banks Using 1D Convolutional Networks

Time-Frequency transformation and spectral representations of audio signals are commonly used in various machine learning applications. Training a network on features such as the Mel-Spectrogram or Cochleogram has been proven more effective than training on time samples. In practical realizations, these are generated on a separate processor or pre-computed and stored on disk, requiring additional efforts and making it difficult to experiment with different variants. In this paper, we provide a PyTorch framework for generating the Cochleogram as well as the time-domain complex filter-banks for analysis and re-synthesis using the built-in trainable conv1d() layer. This allows computing this spectral feature on the fly as part of a larger network and enables experimenting with varying parameters. The analysis / synthesis banks enable building a trainable network that operates on complex subbands, where resynthesizing the time samples is desirable. The convolutional kernels may be trained from random values, or may be initialized and frozen or initialized and continuously trained with the rest of any network they are part of.
Honeycomb: a template for reproducible psychophysiological tasks for clinic, laboratory, and home use.

Objective: To improve the ability of psychiatry researchers to build, deploy, maintain, reproduce, and share their own psychophysiological tasks. Psychophysiological tasks are a useful tool for studying human behavior driven by mental processes such as cognitive control, reward evaluation, and learning. Neural mechanisms during behavioral tasks are often studied via simultaneous electrophysiological recordings. Popular online platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and Prolific enable deployment of tasks to numerous participants simultaneously. However, there is currently no task-creation framework available for flexibly deploying tasks both online and during simultaneous electrophysiology. Methods: We developed a task creation template, termed Honeycomb, that standardizes best practices for building jsPsych-based tasks. Honeycomb offers continuous deployment configurations for seamless transition between use in research settings and at home. Further, we have curated a public library, termed BeeHive, of ready-to-use tasks. Results: We demonstrate the benefits of using Honeycomb tasks with a participant in an ongoing study of deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder, who completed repeated tasks both in the clinic and at home. Conclusion: Honeycomb enables researchers to deploy tasks online, in clinic, and at home in more ecologically valid environments and during concurrent electrophysiology.
Vibration of a Radially Loaded Spherical Shell

A set of linearized equations is developed, based on the theory of finite elasticity consistent with the assumptions of classical shell theory. They are used to predict the effect of radial loading on the frequencies of a complete, thin, spherical shell. Inducing an initial compressive stress in the shell by radial preload decreases the lowest transverse frequency by an amount dependent on the magnitude of the initial stress and the classical buckling load. The higher transverse frequency predicted by classical shell theory as well as the frequencies of the pure radial and torsional modes are virtually independent of radial pre-load.
Abstract 19739: Supply/Demand Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Using a High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assay with Gender-Specific Cutoffs

Introduction: Supply/demand type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) is frequently encountered using contemporary cardiac troponin (cTn) assays. It is expected that T2MI will become more frequent once high-sensitivity cTn (hs-cTn) assays are FDA-cleared. Little information is available about T2MI using hs-cTn assays. Our purpose was to describe the frequency, characteristics, triggers, and outcomes of T2MI using a hs-cTnI assay. Methods: Retrospective study of 310 patients with serial hs-cTnI assay (Abbott ARCHITECT, gender-specific 99th percentiles: F:16 ng/L; M:34 ng/L) measurements was reviewed. All patients with an increased hs-cTnI underwent adjudication using the 3rd Universal Definition of MI. Clinical characteristics, resource utilization including medications and test utilization, as well as outcomes were obtained. All T2MIs underwent additional adjudication to identify the altered variable (s) within the supply/demand balance. Results: 32 patients had an acute MI. 10 (3%) had a type 1 MI (T1MI), 22 (7%) had T2MI, 95 (31%) had non-MI with hs-cTnI increase, and 183 (59%) had no MI with no hs-cTnI increase (Table). T2MI represented 69% of all MIs (22/32). Patients with T2MI had a higher mean heart rate vs. T1MI (116 vs. 88 beats per minute, p<0.007). Anticoagulation with heparin/enoxaparin was prescribed in 50% (n=11) of T2MIs. T1MIs had higher initial hs-cTnI values (median 64 ng/L vs. 24 ng/L, p=0.42) and higher maximum hs-cTnI values (2499 ng/L vs. 190 ng/L, p<0.009) vs. T2MI. Most common triggers for T2MI were tachyarrhythmias (8/22), hypotension (8/22) and hypertension (6/22). Conclusions: Using a hs-cTnI assay, T2MI represented 69% of all acute MIs. Despite its non-plaque rupture pathophysiology, half the patients with T2MI were prescribed anticoagulants. Tachyarrhythmias and hypotension were the most common triggers of T2MI. Our findings support the urgent need to further investigate T2MI, emphasizing studies addressing the management of T2MI. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Hydroformylation of the C triple bond C bond of (C sub 5 H sub 5 )(PMe sub 3 ) sub 2 Ru-C triple bond C-CH sub 3 by HRe(CO) sub 5 to give an. eta. sup 1 -aldehyde complex of rhenium

The chemistry of aldehydes bonded to transition metals is not well-developed but has been attracting increasing attention. Most of the previously reported aldehyde complexes exhibit {eta}{sup 2}({pi})-bonding. The authors report an unprecedented hydroformylation of the C{triple bond}C bond of a metal alkynyl complex by a metal carbonyl hydride, which results in an {alpha},{beta}-unsaturated aldehyde {eta}{sup 1}({sigma})-bonded to Re{sub 2}(CO){sub 9}.
Play selection in American football: a case study in neuro-dynamic programming

We present a computational case study of neuro-dynamic programming, a recent class of reinforcement learning methods. We cast the problem of play selection in American football as a stochastic shortest path Markov Decision Problem (MDP). In particular, we consider the problem faced by a quarterback in attempting to maximize the net score of an offensive drive. The resulting optimization problem serves as a medium-scale testbed for numerical algorithms based on policy iteration.
Effect of a ractopamine feeding program on growth performance and carcass composition in finishing pigs

Barrows and gilts (n = 100 per gender) were used to determine the effects of an increasing, decreasing, or constant ractopamine (RAC) dietary concentration on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs, within a gender, were assigned randomly to pens (five pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment). Pens were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments at a starting weight of 71.2 kg, to target an average ending weight of 109 kg. The four dietary treatments (as-fed basis) were 1) control = 0 ppm RAC, wk 0 to 6; 2) RAC step-up = 5.0 ppm, wk 1 to 2; 10.0 ppm, wk 3 to 4; and 20.0 ppm, wk 5 to 6; 3) RAC step-down = 20.0 ppm, wk 1 to 2; 10.0 ppm, wk 3 to 4; and 5.0 ppm, wk 5 to 6; and 4) RAC constant = 11.7 ppm, wk 0 to 6. Feed allocation was recorded daily, and pigs were weighed and feed was weighed back every 2 wk. Jugular blood samples were obtained from two randomly selected pigs per pen on d -3, 7, 21, 35, and 41 for determination of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. Two pigs were selected randomly per pen and sent to a commercial slaughter facility at the end of the 6-wk experimental period. Carcass data were evaluated on an equal time basis and on an equal weight basis by using hot carcass weight (HCW) as a covariate. Overall, ADG and G:F were improved (P < 0.05) for pigs fed RAC compared with control, with no differences among RAC feeding programs. In wk 3 and 4, improvements (P < 0.05) in ADG and G:F were realized with the implementation of a RAC step-up program compared with control pigs. The concentrations of PUN were decreased (P < 0.05) at d 7 and 21 with RAC feeding, and a RAC step-up program maintained the decrease (P < 0.05) in PUN through d 35 and 41. A RAC step-up and constant program increased (P < 0.05) HCW and percent yield. Loin muscle area and percentage of fat-free lean increased (P < 0.05) and backfat thickness decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed RAC. If pigs were considered to be on feed for an equal time period, advantages (P < 0.05) were observed for weight of boneless trimmed ham, shoulder and loin for the step-up and constant RAC treatments compared with the controls. Feeding a RAC step-up or constant feeding program resulted in favorable responses in growth performance and yielded more lean pork.
Estrogen and tamoxifen up-regulate FXYD3 on breast cancer cells: assessing the differential roles of ER α and ZEB1

Increased expression of the FXYD3 family of proteins has been associated with lung, colorectal, bladder and pancreatic cancers, and recent evidence suggests that elevated FXYD3 may promote tumor cell proliferation in breast cancer as well. However, factors involved in up-regulating the expression of FXYD3 in breast cancer have not been identified. We evaluated whether estrogen and the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen could regulate the expression of FXYD3 on breast cancer cells. Estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive MCF-7 and ER α-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells used in our studies were treated with estrogen, tamoxifen or the combination of these agents. Relative expression of FXYD3 was assessed using fluorochrome-tagged antibodies and a fluorescence cytometer. We found that estrogen and tamoxifen, used alone or in combination, significantly increased FXYD3 on MCF-7 cells. FXYD3 levels did not increase compared to the control samples when ER α-negative 231 cells were treated with estrogen or tamoxifen, alone or in combination, indicating that ER α was required for the increased FXYD3 response. We showed that ER α associates with the transcription factor ZEB1 in MCF-7 cells, and that decreasing ZEB1 protein expression using siRNA disrupts the ability of estrogen, but not tamoxifen, to increase FXYD3 in MCF-7 cells. Our results indicate that there may be two mechanisms, both involving ER α and one requiring ZEB1, through which FXYD3 may be increased by estrogen and tamoxifen in breast cancer cells. Ongoing research endeavors are focusing on identifying cellular components through which estrogen and tamoxifen, alone or in combination, differentially regulate FXYD3 expression in human breast cancer cells.
Kinetics of oxygen exchange between sites in the GaO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+(aq) molecule and aqueous solution

Rates of steady exchange of oxygens between bulk solution and sites in the GaO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+(aq) (GaAl12) aqueous complex were determined over the temperature range of 301 to 317 K and 4.1 < pH < 4.9 using 17O–nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The GaAl12 molecule, like the AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+(aq) (Al13) molecule studied previously, has 12 equivalent bonded water molecules (η1-OH2 sites), two structurally distinct sets of 12 hydroxyl bridges (μ2-OH; μ2-OH′ sites), and four four-coordinated oxo groups (μ4-O sites). The GaAl12 molecule is much less reactive than the Al13 molecule, and this decreased reactivity is not associated with any clear changes in the structural chemistry at the sites of exchange. The rate coefficients for exchange of the water molecules bonded to the complex with bulk water are as follows: kex298 = 227(±40) s−1, ΔH‡ = 63(±7) kJ mol−1, and ΔS‡ = 13(±21) J mol−1 K−1. The rate at 298 K is ≈5 times slower than the corresponding exchange reaction on the Al13 molecule, but it falls within the range measured for dissolved aluminum monomers. These data support our earlier speculation that rates of exchange of η1-OH2 sites at fully charged aluminum (hydr)oxide mineral surfaces are similar to rates for aqueous aluminum complexes in acids. The rates of isotopic exchange of the two hydroxyl bridges in the GaAl12 complex differ from one another, as we also observed for the Al13 complex, but to a much smaller extent. Likewise, the activation parameters for exchange at the two sites are much more similar to one another in the GaAl12 molecule than in the Al13. The rate coefficients for exchange of the more reactive hydroxyl bridge are as follows: kex298 = 1.8(±0.1) · 10−5 s−1, ΔH1‡ = 98(±3) kJ mol−1, ΔS1‡ = −8(±9) J mol−1 K−1, and for the less labile bridge, they are kex298 = 4.1(±0.2) · 10−7 s−1, with ΔH2‡ = 125(±4) kJ mol−1 and ΔS2‡ = 54(±12) J mol−1 K−1. There is no strong pH dependence to rates.
Graphene-based saturable absorbers in semiconductor lasers

Due to its unique zero-bandgap structure, linear disperion of electrons and compatibility with various optoelec- tronic platforms, graphene has become one of the principal materials of interest with strong development for many nonlinear optical devices. Functionalized graphene-composites exhibit excellent optical limiting properties while single layer graphene speci cally, has shown great promise as a saturable absorber in mode locking ber and solid state lasers from the visible to infrared regime. However, more recently work has been done to in- tegrate graphene in a vertical-external-cavity-surface-emitting-lasers (VECSELs). Currently VECSELs employ semiconductor-based saturable absorbers which have a narrow tuning range and require complex fabrication procedures. By developing a graphene-based saturable absorber, one can take advantage of its zero bandgap structure and therefore its frequency-independent absorption as well as its thermal and mechanical stability to passively modelocking lasers over a wide frequency range { potentially through the terahertz regime. Here we report on recent developments in graphene mode-locking of VECSELs, speci cally for high power operation. Further, work done in studying the nonlinear optical properties of graphene pertaining to the development of sat- urable absorbers as well as optical limiters will be presented. Finally preliminary fabrication and characterization work conducted to integrate the graphene-based materials in a VECSEL will be presented.
Isomorphism testing of k -trees is in NC, for fixed k

Our goal is to develop an NC algorithm for isomorphism testing of k-trees, for fixed k. The k-tree isomorphism problem for arbitrary k, is isomorphism complete and so we would not expect to get an NC algorithm for it.
Polymer-tethered ligand–receptor interactions between surfaces

In this paper, we analyze the thermodynamics of interactions between surfaces mediated by polymer-tethered ligand-receptor binding. From statistical thermodynamics calculations, we obtain an effective two-dimensional binding constant reflecting contributions from the microscopic binding affinity as well as from the conformation entropy of the polymer tethers. The total interaction is a result of the interplay between attractive binding and repulsion due to confinement of the polymer chains. We illustrate the differences between three scenarios when the binding molecules are (1) immobile, (2) mobile with a fixed density, and (3) mobile with a fixed chemical potential (connected to a reservoir), which correspond to different biological or experimental situations. The key features of interactions, including the range of adhesion (onset of binding) and the equilibrium separation, can be obtained from scaling analysis and are verified by numerical solutions. In addition, we also extend our method of treating the quenched case with immobile ligands and receptors developed in a previous paper [Martin, J. I.; Zhang, C.-Z.; Wang, Z.-G. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2006, 44, 2621−2637] as a density expansion in terms of both ligand and receptor densities. Finally, we examine several cases having ligand-receptor pairs with different tether lengths and binding affinities, and/or nonbinding linear polymers as steric repellers. Such systems can exhibit complex interactions such as a double-well potential, or a bound state with an adjustable barrier (due to the repellers), which have both biological and bioengineering relevance.
Abstract 3704: Diindolylmethane induces ER stress mediated autophagy in ovarian cancer cells

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for biosynthesis, folding assembly and modification of various soluble and membrane proteins. ER stress is the imbalance in protein folding resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen. In our study, we observed that Diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound present in cruciferous vegetables induces ER stress in ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and TOV-21G ovarian cancer cells with varying concentrations of DIM for 24hours resulted in the upregulation of Bip, a molecular chaperone. Bip or Grp78 binds to IRE1α, ATF6 and PERK under normal condition, however, during ER stress, Bip dissociates and releases all the three proteins. DIM treatment also significantly increased the expression of IRE1α, ER oxidase (ERO1) and CHOP. CHOP translocate to nucleus and initiate apoptotic stimuli in cells undergoing ER stress. Moreover, DIM induced ER stress also lead to the activation of eIF2α by phosphorylation. Activation of eIF2α inhibits protein translation to avoid further protein accumulation in ER. The release of calcium by DIM treatment in ovarian cancer cells was evaluated by Accuri C6 flowcytometer. The advantage with Accuri C6 is that calcium levels can be monitored without interruption. DIM treatment increased the cytosolic calcium levels in SKOV3 cells. Increase in cytosolic calcium is known to cause ER stress. In addition, our flowcytometry results indicate that DIM induces autophagy in all the ovarian cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner. Exposure of SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and TOV-21G cells to DIM upregulated the expression of LC3B, a potent indicator of autophagy. DIM induced autophagy was blocked by bafilomycin, an autophagy inhibitor. Treatment of cells with mithramycin (ER stress inhibitor) blocked ER stress proteins activated by DIM. Interestingly, we also observed that blocking DIM-induced ER stress by mithramycin blocked autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. Taken together these results suggest that induction of autophagy in ovarian cancer cells was associated with ER stress caused by DIM. Further mechanistic studies are in progress. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3704. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3704
Project CAPE: a high-fidelity, in situ simulation program to increase Critical Access Hospital Emergency Department provider comfort with seriously ill pediatric patients.

ObjectivesVariation exists between the qualities of emergency department (ED) care provided to urban versus rural pediatric patients. We implemented a pediatric simulation program in the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) ED setting and evaluated whether this training would increase provider comfort wit
Symposium on Globalization in Perspective: An Introduction

The principle of comparative advantage is one of the crown jewels of the economics profession. The idea that all nations gain from trade even when one of them may have an absolute cost advantage in producing everything is subtle in its logic, yet powerful in its implications. Ever since 1817, when David Ricardo worked out his example of trade between England and Portugal in wine and cloth, the principle has shaped the way that economists view the world, and it serves as the basis for our profession’s overwhelming support for free trade. The success that economists have had in swaying minds over the desirability of open economic borders has waxed and waned over the centuries. ‘‘I don’t know much about the tariff. But I know this much,’’ Abraham Lincoln is supposed to have said: ‘‘When we buy manufactured goods abroad, we get the goods and the foreigner gets the money. When we buy the manufactured goods at home, we get both the goods and the money.’’ To economists’ consternation, political discourse about trade policy has not improved much since Lincoln’s time. Ask yourself how many members of Congress today—or for that matter, how many of your faculty colleagues in other departments—would recognize the fallacy in Lincoln’s statement and disagree with it.