cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Riboflavin Metabolism in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles of Rats by Quinacrine and Tetracycline

The acridine derivative quinacrine, the broad spectrum antibiotic tetracycline, and the 4-aminoquinoline compound chloroquine, all have antimalarial properties. Based on our recent proposal that the antimalarial effects of certain drugs may be related to their inhibition of riboflavin metabolism, the present study was conducted to determine whether these drugs will act as riboflavin antagonists. Adult Holtzman rats were injected intraperitoneally with either tetracycline, quinacrine, or chloroquine for three days at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight. Agematched, pair-fed control rats received an equivalent volume of normal saline. One hour prior to sacrifice, all rats received a single subcutaneous injection of [14C]riboflavin (25μCi/kg body weight). After decapitation, heart and skeletal muscle surrounding the femur were excised, and aliquots were analyzed for [14C]flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) formation. Compared with results in controls, rats treated with either tetracycline or quinacrine exhibited diminished formation of [14C]FAD in heart and in skeletal muscle. By contrast, chloroquine had no significant inhibitory effect upon [14C]FAD formation in either heart or skeletal muscle. These data provide evidence that tetracycline and quinacrine, agents with recognized antimalarial properties, each diminish FAD biosynthesis in heart and in skeletal muscle. By contrast, chloroquine has no effect upon FAD biosynthesis. This study provides evidence supporting a possible link between decreased formation of FAD and the action of certain tricyclic and tetracyclic drugs effective against malaria.
THE Developmental effects of 6, 7-dimethoxy-2, 2-dimethyl chromene on the pre-imaginal stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae)

The effects of 6, 7-dimethoxy-2, 2-dimethyl chromene (precocene II) on pre-imaginal development in Aedes aegypti were determined by exposure of eggs, larvae and pupae to this botanically derived compound. Precocene II prevented adult emergence when newly hatched larvae were exposed to dosages ranging from 2 to 4 ppm. Pupation was inhibited when early 4th-instar larvae were exposed to dosages ranging between 1 and 10 ppm. Fourth-instar larvae treated at concentrations above 0.1 ppm, also required more time to complete metamorphosis than controls. The pupal and egg stages were insensitive to treatments at concentrations up to 10 ppm. RESUME LES EFFETS DU 6.7-DIMETHOXY-2,2-DIMETHYL CHROMENE SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES STADES PREIMAGINAUX D'AEDES AEGYPTI. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) Les stades preimaginaux d‘Aedes aegypti ont ete exposes a des concentrations de l'ordre de 0,1 a 10 ppm de 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl chromene un compose extrait des plantes et manifestant des proprietes anti-allatotropes. De telles substances induisent en particulier une metamorphose precoce chez Oncopeltus et pour cette raison ont ete appelees “precocenes”, Les œufs et le stade nymphal sont insensibles a cette game de doses, mais le ler et le 4eme stade larvaire sont affectes de diverses facons. Les larves nouveaux-nees, soit ne muent pas, soit subissent un assombrissement de leur cuticule quand elles sont exposees a des concentrations de 2 a 6 ppm. La nymphose est empěchee quand les larves du debut du 4eme stade larvaire sont exposees a des doses de 1 a 10 ppm. Les individus atteints restent a l’etat de larve agee et ne se transforment pas en nymphe. La duree du developpement du ler et du 4eme stade larvaire est accrue de plus de 100% apres des expositions a des doses de 4 a 10 ppm, respectivement. A la difference des reponses signalees anterieurement pour Oncopeltus fasciatus, les larves traitees ne subissent pas de metamorphose precoce. Ainsi, il est manifeste que ces composes affectent de facon diverses les processus endocrines associes a la mue, plutot que d'exercer un effet direct antiallatotrope.
An Evaluation of Hispanic Population Estimates

Objective. Estimates of the Hispanic population have traditionally been based on historical trends, ratios, or some variant of the cohort-component method. In this article, we describe and test a methodology in which estimates of the Hispanic population are based on symptomatic indicators of population change such as births, deaths, and school enrollments. Methods. Using a variety of techniques, we develop Hispanic population estimates for counties in Florida. We evaluate the accuracy of those estimates by comparing them with 2000 Census counts. Results. Hispanic population estimates have larger errors than estimates of total population; errors vary considerably by population size and growth rate; some techniques perform better than others in places with particular population characteristics; and averages often perform better than individual techniques. Conclusions. In many circumstances, symptomatic data series can provide more accurate estimates of the Hispanic population than more commonly used techniques. Information on the Hispanic population is used for analyzing socioeconomic and demographic trends, making business decisions, targeting government programs, allocating public funds, and many other purposes. For example, recent studies have used Hispanic data to evaluate radio and television markets (Raymond, 2002), assess political representation (Meier, Polinard, and Wrinkle, 2000), analyze mortality risks (Hummer et al., 1999), measure income inequality (e.g., Cotter, Hermsen, and Vanneman, 1999), and investigate the incidence of racial/ethnic discrimination in the home insurance market (Klein and Grace, 2001). These data frequently come from the decennial census or large sample surveys. In many states and local areas, however, high growth rates cause census data to become quickly outdated and sample surveys are not representative of the relevant population. Consequently, there is a pressing need for accurate, up-to-date subnational estimates of the Hispanic population. How can such estimates be made? State and local estimates of the Hispanic population are typically based on historical trends, ratios, or some variant of the cohort-component method
Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review

Context Adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, have serious health consequences across the life course. Socioeconomic disparities in birth outcomes have not been the subject of a recent systematic review. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association of socioeconomic disadvantage with adverse birth outcomes, with specific attention to the strength and consistency of effects across socioeconomic measures, birth outcomes, and populations. Evidence acquisition Relevant articles published from 1999 to 2007 were obtained through electronic database searches and manual searches of reference lists. English-language studies from industrialized countries were included if (1) study objectives included examination of a socioeconomic disparity in a birth outcome and (2) results were presented on the association between a socioeconomic predictor and a birth outcome related to birth weight, gestational age, or intrauterine growth. Two reviewers extracted data and independently rated study quality; data were analyzed in 2008–2009. Evidence synthesis Ninety-three of 106 studies reported a significant association, overall or within a population subgroup, between a socioeconomic measure and a birth outcome. Socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently associated with increased risk across socioeconomic measures, birth outcomes, and countries; many studies observed racial/ethnic differences in the effect of socioeconomic measures. Conclusions Socioeconomic differences in birth outcomes remain pervasive, with substantial variation by racial or ethnic subgroup, and are associated with disadvantage measured at multiple levels (individual/family, neighborhood) and time points (childhood, adulthood), and with adverse health behaviors that are themselves socially patterned. Future reviews should focus on identifying interventions to successfully reduce socioeconomic disparities in birth outcomes.
On-line Pest Management Systems

Pest management systems that utilize modern systems engineering principles are discussed. It is a well-tested framework in physical sciences and especially useful when the information about the system to be controlled is not completely known. The theory of on-line pest management, along with the discussion of its various components, is presented. Necessary developments in the pest management areas of environmental monitoring, system modeling, biological monitoring, are discussed.
Effect of residual stresses on the proneness of austenitic chromium-nickel steels to stress-corrosion cracking

1. The resistance of welded joints in steel OKh18NIOT to stress-corrosion cracking depends on the welding parameters: Varying the running welding energy produces changes in the time-to-rupture of welded specimens and in the location of cracks. 2. The cracks are formed in regions of maximum secondary stress. Primary stresses have no noticeable effect on the location of cracks in welded joints. 3. The proneness of austenitic chromium-nickel steels to stress-corrosion cracking is determined by the magnitude of residual stresses (σI+σII) in the metal.
Structure-specific fragmentations of 2,2,4-trisubstituted 1,2-dihydroquinazolines

Fragmentations of a series of 2,2,4-trisubstituted 1,2-dihydroquinazolines were studied by electron impact (EI) ionization and positive- and negative-ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) coupled with collision-induced decomposition (CID). The EI mass spectra give information that directly indicates the specific location of each substituent. The FAB–CID spectra provide data regarding the masses of each substituent, but no definitive information regarding location.
Fabrication, morphology, and dynamic mechanical properties of a model composite system containing in situ-grown filler

Abstract The technique of in situ crystallization was utilized to fabricate a model composite system in which the filler morphology is variable under constant interface conditions. A butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer was chosen as the matrix from which acetanilide was crystallized in two distinctly different crystal morphologies for filler volume loadings up to 0.35. At the same volume fraction filler, the shape of the relative modulus-filler loading curve is sensitive to the filler crystallization temperature and, thus, to the filler size and shape. For a given crystallization temperature (25°C), the data in the low-volume loading region (>0.2) can be represented reasonably well with the Mooney equation which indirectly yields a filler aspect ratio in agreement with scanning electron micrographs. When the observed morphological parameters are utilized for the entire filler loading range, the 25°C data are best predicted by the Halpin-Tsai equation in conjunction with lamination theory. In general, filler...
Size and duration of empires: Systematics of size

Abstract Areas of the world's three largest empires or states at any given time are listed at 100- or 50-year intervals, from 3000 b.c. on. Area measurement definitions and techniques are described. Major empire size has tended to increase, approaching the world's dry earth area in an approximately logistic way. This pattern suggests that a world state is still many centuries away. Sudden increases in empire size have occurred around 2800 b.c. due to emergence of cities, around 600 b.c. due to a power delegation breakthrough, and around 1600 a.d. due to a communication speed revolution. A graph of the world's largest empire areas throughout times offers somewhat novel perspectives on world history, making one realize the Western bias of many “world history” texts. Areas of 20 largest states that ever existed are listed. Subsequent papers will deal with historical periods in more detail.
Orientation textures in ice sheets of quietly frozen lakes

Abstract Several years observations of the crystalline structure of ice sheets forming on a number of New England lakes indicate that only two major types of congelation ice are formed during quiet (non-turbulent) freezing of lake water. These are: (1) ice sheets composed of massive, irregularly shaped crystals exhibiting vertical or near-vertical c -axes, equivalent to so-called Sl ice and (2) ice sheets composed predominantly of vertically-elongated crystals exhibiting mainly horizontally oriented c -axes, so-called columnar ice or S2 ice. In this context of quiet freezing of lakes it was also noted that columnar textures are always associated with horizontal trending c -axis orientations of the crystals, whereas the development of c -axis vertical orientation is invariably linked with the growth of massive crystals. These observations have fostered the concept of orientation textures. To ascertain how differences in orientation texture might be generated, several ice sheets were grown in a refrigerated test tank in which the water could be cooled uniformly to any desired temperature between 4 and 0°C prior to freezing. Water that had been spray-seeded with frozen water droplets to initiate freezing always produced S2 type columnar crystal ice with horizontal c -axes and this orientation texture developed regardless of the thermal condition of the water column. Unseeded or spontaneously nucleated ice growth always yielded macrocrystalline, Sl type ice with vertical c -axes. The results of these experiments strongly suggest that the crystalline structure of ice on quietly frozen lakes is predetermined by meteorological events occurring immediately prior to freezing; atmospheric seeding leading to the formation of S2 type ice with substantially horizontal c -axes and lack of seeding (spontaneous nucleation) producing Sl type ice exhibiting vertical c -axes.
The pharmacology of drug abuse — A novel approach to drug education at San Quentin

Abstract A novel and successful undergraduate-level course in pharmacology has been established as part of the drug education program at California's San Quentin State Prison. The program was designed to create a two-way teaching-learning experience between former drug abusers and their teachers, all of whom were doctoral candidates and post-doctoral scholars in pharmacology at a nearby university medical center. In reviewing the pharmacology of psychoactive drugs, the emphasis was on the principles of drug action in the central nervous system, with additional attention to those factors that contribute a potential for abuse. An attempt was made to present information in a strictly objective and non-prejudicial manner. An initial analysis has shown a possible change in attitude among the student-inmates toward drugs of abuse. It is likely that courses following a similar design would be well received and successful in any type of undergraduate program that addresses the subject of drug abuse.
Kinematics, Kinetics, and Psychophysical Perceptions in Symmetric and Twisting Pushing and Pulling Tasks

The use of material handling devices (MHDs) to eliminate the repetitive lifting components of industrial jobs has introduced a new set of issues for industrial ergonomics. Worker performance and safety when using MHDs depends on the mass and distance moved, the asymmetry of the postures, and the positioning accuracy required at each endpoint of the movement. Ten participants moved loads of up to 68 kg and placed them in targets of different sizes. In one experiment they maintained sagittally symmetric postures; in the another they were required to rotate their entire body 180 degrees to complete the task. Measured peak push and pull hand forces ranged from 40 to 120 N and peak hand velocities ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 m/s in both studies. Psychophysical ratings were significantly correlated with peak push and pull hand forces but not peak velocity. Averages of peak hand force and velocity are used to develop some general recommendations for improved implementation of MHDs in industry.
The historical record of metal enrichment in two Florida estuaries

Historical profiles of metal accumulation have been generated for the lower St. Johns River and Hillsborough Bay, Florida, in cores representing approximately 50 yr of sediment and metal accumulation. These profiles demonstrate that Cd, Pb, and Zn are enriched in these Florida estuarine sediments. Pb enrichment has decreased since the mid 1970s because of reduced use of leaded gasoline. In the St. Johns River, most metals exhibit a trend of increasing enrichment with time. Cd enrichment significantly decreased between 1970 and 1975 as a result of reduced discharges into the river and control of aquatic vegetation. In Hillsborough Bay, enrichment factors for most metals are relatively high and show little change downcore. Cr, Cu, and Ni border on enrichment and Pb, Cd, and Zn are enriched. The results of this study are consistent with other studies of surficial-sediment metal concentration in other Florida estuaries.
Transforming the College through Technology: A Change of Culture.

In this article we address the implementation of sustainable technological change among the faculty, staff, and students in the College of Education and Human Services at a mid-western urban institution. We examine cultural factors common to institutions of higher education and then describe particular planning and implementation processes employed at one institution to move faculty and staff from a state of minimal technology use to one of substantial technological competence over a period of years. The process turns out to be robust and stable despite growth over time. We conclude with recommendations for other educational institutions facing similar needs for cultural change in the use of technology.
Redirection of Hepatic Drainage for Treatment of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations Following the Fontan Procedure

The development of unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients after total cavopulmonary connection with an extracardiac conduit has been reported. Unequal distribution of hepatic venous flow to the lung is theorized to be the causative factor. We report the surgical management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in a patient with heterotaxy syndrome, single ventricle, and interrupted inferior vena cava. The patient had previously undergone a total cavopulmonary connection with an extracardiac conduit draining hepatic venous flow to the right branch pulmonary artery. In the subsequent operation, we redirected the extracardiac conduit to the innominate vein. This operation provided the affected lung with hepatic venous blood without exposing the patient to the morbidity associated with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Effect of acid, steam explosion, and size reduction pretreatments on bio-oil production from sweetgum, switchgrass, and corn stover.

Bio-oil produced from biomass by fast pyrolysis has the potential to be a valuable substitute for fossil fuels. In a recent work on pinewood, we found that pretreatment alters the structure and chemical composition of biomass, which influence fast pyrolysis. In this study, we evaluated dilute acid, steam explosion, and size reduction pretreatments on sweetgum, switchgrass, and corn stover feedstocks. Bio-oils were produced from untreated and pretreated feedstocks in an auger reactor at 450 °C. The bio-oil’s physical properties of pH, water content, acid value, density, and viscosity were measured. The chemical characteristics of the bio-oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed that bio-oil yield and composition were influenced by the pretreatment method and feedstock type. Bio-oil yields of 52, 33, and 35 wt% were obtained from medium-sized (0.68–1.532 mm) untreated sweetgum, switchgrass, and corn stover, respectively, which were higher than the yields from other sizes. Bio-oil yields of 56, 46, and 51 wt% were obtained from 1 % H2SO4-treated medium-sized sweetgum, switchgrass, and corn stover, respectively, which were higher than the yields from untreated and steam explosion treatments.
Effect of Ultra-High-Temperature Steam Injection on Model Systems of α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin

Abstract Model systems of proteins of milk serum were heated to 143±1C by steam injection, held for 8 to 10s and vacuum cooled. α -Lactalbumin was more resistant to heat denaturation when processed alone than when mixed with β -lactoglobulin according to electrophoretic and densitometric quantification. Variants A and B of β -lactoglobulin were sensitive to ultra-high-temperature processing. A new component with mobility intermediate between α -lactalbumin and β -lactoglobulin formed after ultra-high-temperature processing. Analysis of the new component indicated that it was a protein complex of α -lactalbumin and β -lactoglobulin. β -Lactoglobulin was the major source of available sulfhydryls. The experimental sulfhydryl value for a mixture of α -lactalbumin and β -lactoglobulin was 17% lower than calculated from the composition of the mixture. This was possibly because sulfhydryl groups are involved in the heat-induced complex.
Off-pump redo coronary artery bypass grafting from descending aorta to the posterolateral area through a left thoracotomy in patients with a patent internal thoracic artery graft

The patients were a 73-year-old man (Case 1) and 56-year-old man (Case 2) who developed angina pectoris and heart failure. Case 2 showed chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. These patients whowed posterolateral myocardial ischemia with a patent internal thoracic artery graft to the left anterior descending artery. Left ventricle ejection fraction was 29% and 33%, respectively. Catheter intervention was unsuccessful, so we performed revascularization from the descending aorta to coronary arteries with saphenous vein grafts via a left thrracotomy using an off-pump technique. In case 2, proximal anastomosis was constructed with the Symmetric aortic connector. This procedure appeared to be a very safe and useful method as an option for redo coronary artery bypass grafting in the posterolateral area in patients with patent old grafts and poor left ventricular function.
A new canine model for evaluating blood prosthetic arterial graft interactions

Various models have been proposed to examine blood-prosthetic materials interactions in terms of the effect of the prosthetic material on platelet structure and function, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and tissue infiltrates (cellular or acellular). In addition, these modeles have been used to examine the change in the graft surface over time. Particular difficulties in examining graft-materials interactions include species differences, short residence time for blood-materials interactions with commonly employed short grafts, and length of study limitations with ex vivo shunts. In this paper we report a canine, carotid-aorta subcutaneous prosthetic graft model. The specific advantages of this model are the length of the graft, which allows prolonged contact of blood with the prosthetic surface; the subcutaneous location of the graft, which allows repeated sampling of blood along the graft; and the healing characteristics of canine grafts. We selected the canine model because the healing characteristics are morphologically similar to those in humans in that endothelialization of the prosthetic surface is limited. Other models, such as the pig, are favored for use when examining blood coagulation, platelet, or fibrinolytic studies; however, these models can fully endothelialize prosthetic surfaces.
Geometric integrators for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract Recently an interesting new class of PDE integrators, multisymplectic schemes, has been introduced for solving systems possessing a certain multisymplectic structure. Some of the characteristic features of the method are its local nature (independent of boundary conditions) and an equal treatment of spatial and temporal variables. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) has a multisymplectic formulation, and in this paper we discuss the performance of both symplectic and multisymplectic integrators for the NLS. In the numerical experiments, the multisymplectic concatenated midpoint scheme (a centered cell discretization) is shown to preserve the local conservation laws extremely well over long times and to preserve global invariants such as the norm and momentum within roundoff. On the other hand, an integrable Hamiltonian semi-discretization of NLS from Ablowitz and Ladik (AL) possesses a full set of global conservation laws and a noncanonical symplectic structure. We generalize the generating function technique to develop symplectic integrators of arbitrary order for a general class of noncanonical systems carrying a symplectic structure of the AL type. Another approach examined in the paper is the introduction of transformations to reduce the AL system to either (1) separable form or (2) canonical form and then apply standard schemes in the new coordinates. All of the discretizations are tested numerically using initial data for spatially periodic multiphase solutions. The performance of the schemes as well as interrelations among various geometric features are discussed.
Living in the Borderlands—An Identity and a Proposal

Abstract: We live in the borderlands, a place not of separation but of coming together, of connection. The continuing efforts to discern what it means to express who we are as religious people, and what it means regarding the religious identity of those who live in the borderlands is the focus of this study. In many ways, this identity is one that is in the process of being restored, renewed, and reaffirmed after many years of a combination of benign neglect and overt suppression.
Analysis of epithelial and lymphoid phenotypic markers in relation to growth pattern of colorectal adenomas

Abstract The relationship of villous to tubular adenomas is poorly understood and often difficult to characterize morphologically. A villous growth pattern in colorectal adenomas has been associated with a higher frequency of high-grade dysplasia. We compared phenotypic markers using immunoperoxidase techniques in paired samples of villous (75% to 100% villous) and pure tubular adenomas matched for size and degree of dysplasia, which were selected by review of 1,000 polyps from our files. The following monoclonal antibodies were used: CAM 5.2 and AE1AE3 to cytokeratins; B18, D14, B7.1, and B7.8 to four distinct carcinoembryonic antigen epitopes; Leu-M1 and LN3 to HLA-DR antigen; LN2 to invariant chain class II major histocompatibility complex; LN1 and MB2 to B-cell markers; UCHL1 and MT1 to T-cell markers; Leu-7 to natural killer cells; Mac 387 to macrophages; S-100 to Langerhans-type cells; and a polyclonal antibody to secretory component. LN3 reactivity correlated with villous morphology and secretory component correlated with tubular morphology. Combined HLA-DR and secretory component expression discriminated between tubular and villous growth patterns in 12 of 15 pairs of adenomas ( P
Discussion--meeting contraceptive needs worldwide: the role of monthly combined injectables.

Reports on the development of new once-a-month injectables that combine a progestogen and an estrogen share four themes: 1) there remains an unmet need for family planning services throughout the world; 2) global contraceptive use has been steadily increasing and reached a prevalence of 57% of married couples in 1990; 3) it is as important to focus on the benefits of a contraceptive method--especially the potential to reduce the maternal mortality associated with unwanted pregnancies--as it is to stress the risks; and 4) no single method will be safe effective completely reversible acceptable to all women and inexpensive; thus a variety of methods is necessary.
The Industrial Sociology of Fred Cottrell

(1973). The Industrial Sociology of Fred Cottrell. Sociological Focus: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 126-135.
Hearing loss from gun and railroad noise—Relations with ISO Standard 1999

Pure-tone hearing thresholds and anamnestic data pertaining to nosocusis and exposure to gun noise were analyzed for 9778 male railroad train-crew workers. A major portion of losses in hearing sensitivity due to railroad noise are obscured in comparisons of hearing levels of trainmen with the hearing levels of the unscreened samples of United States males given in Annex B, ISO 1999 [ISO 1999 (1990), "Acoustics--Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment" (International Organization for Standardization, Geneva)]. Comparisons of the hearing levels, adjusted for nosocusis, of trainmen who had used no guns, with the hearing levels of otologically and noise screened males (Annex A, ISO 1999) reveal significant losses due to railroad noise. Additional losses were found at high frequencies in trainmen who had used guns. It appears that the effective Leq8h exposure level of trainmen to railroad noise is about 92 dBA, and 87-89 dBA to gun noise. These results are in general agreement with those of study of railway workers by Prosser et al. [Br. J. Audiol. 22, 85-91 (1988)]. Asymmetries in losses between the two ears, effects of ear protection, losses from nosocusis, and losses from sport, as compared to military, gun noise exposures, are examined.
Common dermatoses of the male genitalia. Recognition of differences in genital rashes and lesions is essential and attainable.

PREVIEWDermatoses of the male genitalia can be confusing to identify and difficult to diagnose and treat. Rashes and lesions that occur on other areas of the body can be hard to recognize when they appear on the genitalia. In this article, Dr Goldman reviews the common dermatoses, presents defining characteristics, and suggests treatment options.
Comparison of the stress responses of an aluminum alloy tube to proportional and alternate axial and shear strain paths at room temperature

Abstract A servocontrolled axial-torsion mechanical testing machine and strain measurements on the uniform section of thin-walled tubes of the aluminum alloy 6061 T6 were used to examine a continuity argument put forth by Rivlin (1981). Displacement boundary conditions were enforced (strain control) during proportional paths and paths involving alternate axial and shear strain steps. In separate tests the number of steps was increased from two to ten, twenty and forty steps. As expected, the results show that the alloy obeys the continuity hypothesis although the ‘total strain path lengths’ for the proportional and the step tests are different. The inelastic strain path length (accumulated inelastic strain) of multistep tests approaches that of the proportional loading test as the number of steps increases. It has not been demonstrated that the stress response of the endochronic theory based on ‘total strain path length’ does not obey the continuity hypothesis. However, other examples are given which show that the predictions of this theory do not correspond to some typical metal deformation behavior.
Safe science classrooms: Teacher training through serious educational games

STIMULATE (Science Training Immersive Modules for University Learning Around Teacher Education) is a Serious Educational Game (SEG) designed to advance science teacher preparation and development, by creating a laboratory safety module that immerse teachers in scenarios previously taught using only hypothetical case studies. This study employed a two-phase design based methodology. The first phase was a cognitive task analysis of a convenience sample (n=10) of preservice and in-service science teachers in which they described their key issues and concerns regarding chemical laboratory safety planning, response, management plan, and assessment. Phase 2 examined the usability and effectiveness of STIMULATE's initial build on 31 preservice teachers. The t-test for equality of means demonstrates that there is a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores, t(30)=14.79, p<.001, d=2.56 (large) Overall, results suggest positive learning gains from the preservice science teachers who engaged in STIMULATE program.
Technology's Non-Neutrality: Past Lessons Can Help Guide Today's Classrooms

The benefits of classroom computers and associated technologies seem to be an accepted truism with those who question the benefits often dismissed as intractable Luddites. Educational technology has become big business both commercially and academically for today's increasingly high-tech classrooms. Clearly, computers mark changes--permanent changes--in the way everyone lives, learns, works, and interacts globally. Ellul, Norman, and Postman, among others, have focused on the application of a technology and not on the "box" itself. All three have warned that although educators' focus should be on the application, it is the characteristic of technology itself that shapes the future. History is replete with lessons and voices that support these warnings and provide a foundation for reasoned discussions of any technology's Faustian bargains and its often unanticipated uses and consequences. The topic and open debate could not be more crucial or timeless, for how young minds, mental habits, and values are shaped in classrooms around the world affects everyone.
Hamster hyperimmune ascites as a source of antibody.

SummaryHamsters offer several likely aspects in their use as producers of antibodies. (1) They produce large volumes of ascitic fluid containing high titer antibody. (2) They provide a source of antibody free of anti γG globulin and, therefore, rich in non γ antibody specificity. (3) The hamster provides suitable system for preparation of homologous antibody to viruses which either require the hamster as a host or for which the hamster is used to isolate and/or maintian the virus. An interesting facet of this study was the finding of extensive cross-reactions between human and hamster plasma proteins.
A Method to Reconnect Soft Tissue without Sutures

Gastrointestinal problems account for 35% of the annual 176 million ambulatory visits with total costs approximately $1.7 billion in the past year. Currently, surgeries involving the small bowel require sutures, which lead to complications such as infection, cuts, leakage, tearing, and even bursting. We propose to reduce these complications and financial burden to $1.2 billion by using a newly designed Bioadhesive Bandage and Tissue Support to eliminate the need for sutures.
Alterations of In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Patterns With Various Levels of Sucrose and Cellulose

Abstract Three fermentation trials were conducted using cellulose, ground corn, and sucrose as substrates. These substrates were added to a mixture of equal parts of strained rumen fluid and synthetic saliva solution in tubes with rubber stoppers containing one-way relief valves. The samples were incubated in a circulating water bath at 39C. A factorial arrangement was used to study the effects of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% sucrose levels, 30 and 70% cellulose levels, and incubation periods of 0, 2, 4, and 6, hr on pH, lactate concentration, and volatile fatty acid proportions of the medium. Increasing the level of sucrose produced linear elevations in butyrate and lactate, whereas pH and acetate declined linearly. Valerate increased to the 9% sucrose level, but propionate and isovalerate were not significantly affected. In comparison to the 30% concentration, 70% cellulose resulted in higher pH, lower lactate, and higher acetate. Lactate concentration was highest at two hours of incubation. The maxima were proportionally greater for each higher sucrose increment. During the six-hour incubation period total volatile fatty acid concentration rose and acetate declined linearly, whereas propionate decreased and butyrate increased quadratically.
Photosynthetic induction times in shade-tolerant species with long and short-lived leaves.

In the understory of a tropical rainforest, light flecks can contribute 10-80% of the total light flux. We investigated the capacity of eight shade-tolerant species to use light flecks by examining the time required for full induction of photosynthesis during an artificial light fleck. CO2 fixation rates were measured with a portable LiCor gas-exchange system for plants growing in the field on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. In all species induction to 50% of maximum CO2 fixation occurred quickly, from 1 to 3 min. In species with short leaf lifetimes (1 year), induction to 90% of maximum also occurred quickly, in 3-6 min. In contrast, the species with longer lived leaves (>4 years) required 11-36 min for induction to 90% of maximum. Induction times for leaves from gap and understory plants of the same species were indistinguishable. Elevated CO2 did not eliminate the slow induction phase of long-lived leaves. This suggests that slow induction did not result from stomatal limitation. O2 evolution, measured on excised leaf disks, induced in 3-4 min in species with short-lived leaves, and 4-8 min in species with long-lived leaves. The rapid induction of O2 evolution indicates that the slower induction of CO2 fixation in long-lived leaves was not caused by a delay in the induction of electron transport. Activation of rubisco may be the major factor limiting response times in species with long-lived leaves. Species from Panama with short-lived leaves had remarkably rapid induction times that are comparable to those of algae or higher plant chloroplasts. We also found that understory forest plants induced two to seven times more quickly than did potted plants.
Serial-Episodic Brief Treatment for Borderline Spectrum Families: Employing the Matrix of Projections in a Child Abuse Case

The author addresses the fact that many families with a borderline structure receive treatment throughout the life cycle. Serial episodic brief treatment is recommended, utilizing projective identification as an organizing principle to promote incremental change during each treatment episode. The author selects a child abuse case to review, that reflects the tendency of these families to have broad involvement in the social service network. Of interest is the influence of social control systems on the treatment process and the treatment relation-ship. These contextual variables are explored, utilizing the concept of a projective matrix that promotes treatment options.
Dinosaur eggs and babies

(1995). Dinosaur eggs and babies. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 863-866.
Two types of clinoenstatite in Indarch enstatite chondrite

Enstatite chondrites are characterised by highly reduced minerals1,2. Clinoenstatite and rare olivine are almost Fe-free, carbon occurs as graphite, and Fe, Ni-rich metal contains up to 4% Si. Ca, Ti, Mg and Mn, normally incorporated solely in silicates, are distributed between silicates and sulphides; Ti may also occur as a nitride. We now describe two types of clinoenstatite in the Indarch enstatite chondrite, one luminescing blue and one red. These clinoenstatites have distinct chemical compositions which indicate different redox conditions. The Indarch chondrite is an unannealed mechanical aggregate of diverse materials, and cannot have formed by simple progressive condensation of the solar nebula.
The human vitamin D-binding protein gene contains locus control determinants sufficient for autonomous activation in hepatic chromatin

The human vitamin D-binding protein (hDBP) gene is a member of a cluster that includes albumin, a-fetoprotein and a-albumin genes. The common origin, physical linkage and hepatic expression of these four genes predict shared regulatory element(s). However, separation of hDBP from the other three genes by 1.5 Mb argues that hDBP may be under autonomous control. To test for hDBP autonomy, mouse lines were generated with a transgene containing the hDBP gene along with extensive flanking sequences. Expression of this transgene was hepatic, robust and proportional to transgene copy number. DNase I hypersensitive site (HS) mapping revealed five liver-specific HS at the hDBP locus: HSI and HSIII at � 2.1 kb and � 0.13 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site, HSIV and HSV within intron 1 and HSVII located 3 0 to the poly(A) site. A second transgene with minimal flanking sequences confirmed the sufficiency of these gene-proximal determinants for hepatic activation. The hepatic-specific HS aligned with segments of phylogenetically conserved noncoding sequences. These data demonstrate the autonomy of the hDBP locus and suggest that this control is mediated by chromatin-based locus control determinants in close proximity to, and within the transcription unit.
An explanation of the forward premium ‘puzzle’

Existing literature reports a puzzle about the forward rate premium over the spot foreign exchange rate. The premium is often negatively correlated with subsequent changes in the spot rate. This defies economic intuition and possibly violates market efficiency. Rational explanations include non-stationary risk premia and econometric mis-specifications, but some embrace the puzzle as a guide to profitable trading. We suggest there is really no puzzle. A simple model fits the data: forward exchange rates are unbiased predictors of subsequent spot rates. The puzzle arises because the forward rate, the spot rate, and the forward premium follow nearly non-stationary time series processes. We document these properties with an extended sample and show why they give the delusion of a puzzle.
Fabrication of resonator-quantum well infrared photodetector test devices

An optimized detector fabrication process is developed for resonator-quantum well infrared photodetectors (R-QWIPs). The R-QWIPs are the next generation of QWIP detectors that use resonances to increase the quantum efficiency (QE). To achieve the expected performance, the detector geometry must be produced in precise specification. In particular, the height of the diffractive elements and the thickness of the active resonator must be uniformly and accurately realized to within 0.05-μm accuracy. To achieve this specification, an optimized inductively coupled plasma etching process with a nearly infinite etching selectivity for the GaAs over the Al x Ga 1−x As etch-stop layer was developed. Using this etching technique, we have fabricated a number of R-QWIP test detectors with the required dimensions. Their QE spectra were tested to be in close agreement with the QE predictions.
Dispersal in a monogamous rodent, Peromyscus californicus

In view of theoretical interest in the relationships between mating systems and dispersal patterns and the paucity of empirical data on dispersal in monogamous mammals, I studied natal dispersal in the monogamous rodent Peromyscus californicus. Genealogical relationships were determined using fluorescent pigment transfer and DNA fingerprinting, and dispersal distances were determined using dispersal fences and intensive trapping. Minimum dispersal distances were greater for females than for males. Philopatric males (those settling within one home—range diameter of their birth site) tended to be from smaller litters than non—philopatric males. Minimum dispersal distances of males were positively associated with natal litter size at weaning, whereas minimum dispersal distances of females were positively associated with number of sisters in the natal litter. These results suggest that intrasexual mate competition drives female dispersal, while resource competition drives male dispersal. Males remain closer t...
Optical spatial intensity profiles for high order autocorrelation in fluorescence spectroscopy

Interpretation of spatially resolved optical spectroscopies requires knowledge of the optical excitation and collection profiles of the experimental apparatus. This paper describes measurement of the relative norms of the spatial profile of a microscope- and laser-based optical system. The profile is given by the product of the spatial intensity of a focused laser beam and the point collection efficiency of the microscope. Experimental determination of the values of the norms is essential to the use of high order autocorrelation in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to measure the concentrations and relative fluorescence yields of different fluorescent components (e.g., monomers and oligomers) in a multicomponent solution and also permits evaluation of theoretical models of the optical spatial intensity profile. In addition, the results may have applicability to high order autocorrelation in other optical spectroscopies, to confocal microscopy and to nonlinear optics in general.
Objectification Theory: Areas of Promise and Refinement

This article elaborates on three themes related to Szymanski, Moffitt, and Carr’s major contribution aims. First, the article describes the promise of objectification theory as a grounding framework in research and practice, outlining how this theory integrates key aspects of several other important theoretical models. Second, this article suggests areas for theoretical refinement and clarification related to the conceptualization and operationalization of self-objectification, sexually objectifying environments, and the mechanisms linking sexual objectification with substance use. Third, this article offers considerations regarding the state of objectification theory—based intervention recommendations. The article concludes with a discussion of potential roles of counseling psychologists in advancing research, practice, and advocacy informed by objectification theory.
Photoresponsive porous materials: the design and synthesis of photochromic diarylethene-based linkers and a metal–organic framework

The synthesis and characterization of novel photochromic diarylethene-based linkers for use in metal–organic frameworks is described including crystal structure analysis of nearly all reaction intermediates. The bis-carboxylated dithien-3-ylphenanthrenes can be prepared under relatively mild conditions in high yield and were subsequently used to create a photoresponsive metal–organic framework, UBMOF-1. While the photochromism of the ligand TPDC in solution is fully reversible, the cycloreversion reaction is suppressed when this linker is incorporated into the crystalline framework of UBMOF-1.
Language-specific noun bias: evidence from bilingual children*

Most evidence concerning cross-linguistic variation in noun bias, the preponderance of nouns in early expressive lexicons (Gentner, 1982), has come from comparisons of monolingual children acquiring different languages. Such designs are susceptible to a number of potential confounders, including group differences in developmental level and sociodemographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to quantify noun bias in bilingual Mandarin–English toddlers whose expressive lexicons in each language contained 50–300 words. Parents of fifty children (1;10–2;6) reported separately on their English and Mandarin expressive lexicons. The mean percentage of Mandarin nouns (38%) was significantly lower than the percentage of English nouns (54%) and was robust to analyses of twelve potential covariates. Analyses of the most frequently reported words suggested that lexical reduplication could be considered as a potential influence on vocabulary composition in future studies. Results suggest that characteristics of the input significantly shape early lexicons.