cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular conduction system and transcription factors Nkx2.5 and Msx2.

When Alexander Pope penned these couplets in 1734, thedoctrine of predeterminism was ending its 1,500-year dom-ination over scientiﬁc thought and was being replaced byrationalism. Mr. Pope eloquently points out what is said inlaboratories every day; that however appealing a hypothesis,experimental validation is required and usually is enlighten-ing. As advances in molecular and transgenic biology con-verge with clinical genotyping, there has been heightenedinterest in the development and function of the cardiac con-duction system. One of the major breakthroughs has beenthe discovery to date of
Coordination of perspective by sixth graders and teacher trainees

Abstract Sixth grade students were compared by sex for their performance on two perspective coordination tasks. Responses were compared with understanding of the principle that still water remains invariantly horizontal. Forty-eight randomly selected sixth grade students (24 girls and 24 boys) and 12 college women were individually shown a standardized three-dimensional scene. While seated in a single position, subjects completed two tasks: (1) selecting from a set of 12 pictures (displayed together) the one which could be seen from each of eight positions marked on the displayed scene and (2) choosing the positions from which could be seen eight of the 12 pictures (shown one at a time). Four of the 12 pictures were mirror images which were impossible views. Males outperformed females on both of the coordination-of-perspective tasks. For both males and females, choosing the place was more difficult than choosing the picture. Strong relationships were found between understanding of horizontality and performance on the perspective tasks. Selection of mirror images (impossible views) indicated more understanding of perspective than other, less systematic errors. Finally, female teacher trainees performed only marginally better than sixth grade students, suggesting possible remediation needs.
Microsegregation in rapidly solidified Ag-15wt%Cu alloys

Spacings and composition profiles of cellular structures formed in Ag-15wt%Cu alloys at growth rates between 0.1 and 18 cm/s are measured. Cells of the Ag-rich phase occur with intercellular regions composed of eutectic or the Cu-rich phase. At the highest rates the cell spacings exceed the characteristic diffusion length D/V (ratio of liquid diffusion coefficient to growth rate) by a factor of ten. The rate of increase of the average cell composition with growth velocity is larger than predicted by existing diffusion models of the cell tip. Increases in cell compositions beyond the Ag metastable solidus retrograde are accounted for quantitatively by the use of non-equilibrium interface conditions (solute trapping).
Computing curves invariant under halving

Abstract We consider functions that are produced by subdivision algorithms which have the same structure as de Casteljau's algorithm, Chaikin's algorithm and Lane/Riesenfeld's algorithm. Results from a forthcoming paper concerning the differentiability and polynomial structure of the functions produced by these algorithms will be described here.
Obesity and Breast Cancer Screening

BACKGROUND: Compared to normal weight women, women with obesity have higher mortality from breast cancer but are less often screened. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation between mammography use and weight category and to examine the influence of race, illness burden, and other factors on this relationship. DESIGN AND SETTING: The 1998 National Health Interview Survey, a U.S. civilian population-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand, two hundred, and seventy-seven women ages 50 to 75 years who responded to the Sample Adult and Prevention questionnaires. MEASUREMENTS: Mammogram use in the preceding 2 years. RESULTS: Among 5,277 eligible women, 72% reported mammography use. The rate was 74% among white women and 70% among black women. Among white women, mammogram use was lowest in women with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2 (64% to 67%). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health care access, medical conditions, hospitalizations, and mobility status, higher BMI was associated with lower screening among white women, P=.02 for trend; the relative risk (RR) for screening in moderately obese white women (BMI, 35 to 40 kg/m2) was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.96) compared to normal weight white women. Compared to normal weight black women, mammography use was similar or higher in overweight (BMI, 25 to 30 kg/m2; RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.32), mildly obese (BMI, 30 to 35 kg/m2; RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.39), and moderately obese black women (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.37 to 1.50) after adjustment. The P value for the race-BMI interaction was .001. Results for white and black women were unchanged after additional adjustment for psychological functioning and health habits. CONCLUSION: Among white women, those with higher BMI were less likely to undergo breast cancer screening than normal weight women. This relationship was not seen in black women. Our findings were not explained by differences in sociodemographic factors, health care access, illness burden, or health habits. More research is needed to determine the reasons for these disparities so that appropriate efforts can be made to improve screening.
The mode of action of chlorsulfuron: The lack of direct inhibition of plant DNA synthesis

Chlorsulfuron (2-chloro-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzene-sulfonamide), the active ingredient in DuPont Glean Weed Killer, has been proposed to act by inhibiting plant cell division. In order to further define the mode of action of this new herbicide, studies were made of the effects of chlorsulfuron on processes associated with plant DNA synthesis. No inhibitory effects were observed on DNA synthesis in isolated plant nuclei, and the enzymes DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase. Nucleoside precursors of DNA were not effective in lessening chlorsulfuron inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA of corn root tips. These results indicate that chlorsulfuron does not inhibit plant cell division by a direct inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Comets as a possible source of prebiotic molecules

Prebiotic molecules derive from abiotic organic molecules, radicals, and ions that pervade the universe at temperatures as high as several 1000 K. Here we review the role of organic molecules that condensed at low temperatures before or during comet formation in the early history of the Solar System. Recent spacecraft encounters and ground-based observations of carbon-rich volatile and dust components of comet comae provide a broad database for the investigation of these organic molecules. New laboratory data for some potential cometary organics are presented. Probable icy organic constituents of the nucleus and CHON particles as likely candidates for the distributed sources of gas-phase organic species in the coma are discussed. There is broad agreement that many organic molecules observed in the coma originate from the dust that must have existed in the solar nebula at the time and place of comet formation. We conclude that complex organic molecules found in comets may be a source of prebiotic molecules that led to the origins of life.
Involvement with the psychosocial concerns of patients. Observations of practicing family physicians on a university faculty.

BACKGROUND Physician involvement in patients' psychosocial problems, including family concerns, is a vital aspect of comprehensive medical care. This study was conducted to better understand the extent to which experienced family physicians on a university faculty address psychosocial issues and involve family members during routine outpatient office visits. METHODS Five family physicians on a university faculty were videotaped during 200 office visits (40 per physician). Each visit was then rated on one of two five-point scales based on the extent to which psychosocial issues were addressed with individual patients and family members. Interrater reliability was 73%. RESULTS Most interviews were focused solely on medical issues. The physicians regularly elicited the patient's opinions in a collaborative manner. Psychosocial issues (ie, family, job) were discussed in approximately 25% of the interviews, emotional reactions of patients or family members were addressed less frequently, and counseling was rarely conducted. Greater involvement in psychosocial issues was associated with longer office visits. CONCLUSION The experienced physicians in this sample actively elicited patient's views of medical problems (ie, a "patient-centered" approach). The infrequent discussion of psychosocial concerns of the patient may be related to time limitations. Based on patients' opinions, specific attention to psychosocial issues may be most beneficial during well-child examinations and care of chronic illnesses.
On the Estimation of a Multivariate Location Parameter with Squared Error Loss

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the mean squared error properties of a certain family of estimators of a multivariate location parameter. The estimators are an obvious generalization of those introduced by Stein [3] for the multivariate normal problem.
A critical review of research on the mental health status of older African-Americans

This paper summarises current research on the mental health status of older African-Americans with a specific focus on late-life depression, one of the most common forms of mental disorder among older persons. Social gerontologists have brought to the forefront the need to consider the impact of historical eras, cohort location, and lifecourse development when studying various dimensions of the ageing process. Unfortunately, this type of theorising is still in its infancy, and has not been widely applied to the general population and all dimensions of health, let alone investigations into the mental health status of older African-Americans. Virtually none of the empirical studies we reviewed adequately address the historical, biographical, or structural factors related to the mental health status of older African-Americans. We suggest that to understand contemporary manifestations of racial presumptions, there must be an appreciation of the historical antecedents. African-Americans live with the corrosive effects of a legacy of slavery that presumed black inferiority. The identification of salient factors of risk and resilience among this population is critical to developing effective intervention and mental health maintenance programmes. By emphasising the socio-historical influences on the mental health of older African-Americans, we can develop a greater understanding of this population's mental health needs; thus paving the way for improved mental health services and a reduction in mental health disparities.
Wavelet-Based Passivity Preserving Model Order Reduction for Wideband Interconnect Characterization

Model order reduction plays a key role in determining VLSI system performance and the optimization of interconnects. In this paper, the authors develop an accurate and provably passive method for model order reduction using adaptive wavelet-based frequency selective projection. The wavelet-based approach provides an automated means to generate low order models that are accurate in a particular range of frequencies. The results indicate that our approach provides more accurate reduced order models than the spectral zero method with uniform interpolation points and the zero-shift and multi-shift Block Arnoldi-based techniques
Structural Basis for the Histone Chaperone Activity of Asf1

Anti-silencing function 1 (Asf1) is a highly conserved chaperone of histones H3/H4 that assembles or disassembles chromatin during transcription, replication, and repair. The structure of the globular domain of Asf1 bound to H3/H4 determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 1.7 Angstroms shows how Asf1 binds the H3/H4 heterodimer, enveloping the C terminus of histone H3 and physically blocking formation of the H3/H4 heterotetramer. Unexpectedly, the C terminus of histone H4 that forms a mini-beta sheet with histone H2A in the nucleosome undergoes a major conformational change upon binding to Asf1 and adds a beta strand to the Asf1 beta sheet sandwich. Interactions with both H3 and H4 were required for Asf1 histone chaperone function in vivo and in vitro. The Asf1-H3/H4 structure suggests a "strand-capture" mechanism whereby the H4 tail acts as a lever to facilitate chromatin disassembly/assembly that may be used ubiquitously by histone chaperones.
Estrogen Regulation of Genes Important for K Channel Signaling in the Arcuate Nucleus

Estrogen affects the electrophysiological properties of a number of hypothalamic neurons by modulating K channels via rapid membrane actions and/or changes in gene expression. The interaction between these pathways (membrane vs. transcription) ultimately determines the effects of estrogen on hypothalamic functions. Using suppression subtractive hybridization, we produced a cDNA library of estrogen-regulated, brain-specific guinea pig genes, which included subunits from three prominent K channels (KCNQ5, Kir2.4, Kv4.1, and Kv1) and signaling molecules that impact channel function including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), proteinkinaseC(PKC),cAMP-dependentproteinkinase(PKA), A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP), phospholipase C (PLC), and calmodulin. Based on these findings, we dissected the arcuate nucleus from ovariectomized guinea pigs treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) or vehicle and analyzed mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR. We found that EB signifi
Vision loss after intravitreal ocriplasmin: correlation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and electroretinography.

Importance Clinical trials indicate that visual impairment is significantly greater in patients receiving ocriplasmin than placebo. The mechanism of this symptom has not been explained. We report a patient with persistent darkening of her vision after intravitreal ocriplasmin and describe ancillary testing findings that may yield insights into the effects of ocriplasmin and the cause of this symptom. Observations We describe a 71-year-old woman with symptomatic vitreomacular traction who received intravitreal ocriplasmin and experienced darkening of vision in dim illumination for 4 months, despite improvement in visual acuity and release of symptomatic vitreomacular traction. We demonstrate that disruption of photoreceptor inner segment–outer segment (ellipsoid) layer on SD-OCT and reduced ERG amplitudes correspond to the patient’s symptom of darkened vision. The ERG demonstrated a greater reduction in scotopic function compared with photopic function. Conclusions and Relevance On the basis of these findings, it is possible that ocriplasmin may have a diffuse enzymatic effect on photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium that is not limited to areas of vitreomacular adhesion. The rod photoreceptors may be more susceptible than cone photoreceptors to the effects of ocriplasmin. Further work is needed to understand mechanisms of visual impairment after ocriplasmin.
Molecular analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase electromorphs in wild type and transformed Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract The protein expressed by the alcohol dehydrogenase locus ( Adh ) in D melanogaster comprises a small group of electromorphs. We are able to study the expression of these electromorphs by electrophoretic separation and subsequent probing of blots of the separated polypeptides with antiserum for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In the present study we have utilized this technique to study and compare the ADH electromorphs in wild type D. melanogaster with D. melanogaster transformants which carry an Adh gene from D. grimshawi , D. hawaiiensis or D. affinidisjuncta and produce functional ADH (10,19). We have determined that polypeptides are produced by the donor loci in the transformed flies and further show that although the molecular weight of the expressed polypeptides is similar to D. melanogaster electromorphs, the isoelectric points are not similar. Thus this methodology offers the potential to study naturally occuring ADH electromorphs and null alleles independent of enzymatic activity assays.
Concatenated hERG1 Tetramers Reveal Stoichiometry of Altered Channel Gating by RPR-260243

Activation of human ether-a-go-go–related gene 1 (hERG1) K+ channels mediates repolarization of action potentials in cardiomyocytes. RPR-260243 [(3R,4R)-4-[3-(6-methoxy-quinolin-4-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-1-[3-(2,3,5-trifluorophenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid] (RPR) slows deactivation and attenuates inactivation of hERG1 channels. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of hERG1 agonists such as RPR may facilitate the design of more selective and potent compounds for prevention of arrhythmia associated with abnormally prolonged ventricular repolarization. RPR binds to a hydrophobic pocket located between two adjacent hERG1 subunits, and, hence, a homotetrameric channel has four identical RPR binding sites. To investigate the stoichiometry of altered channel gating induced by RPR, we constructed and characterized tetrameric hERG1 concatemers containing a variable number of wild-type subunits and subunits containing a point mutation (L553A) that rendered the channel insensitive to RPR, ostensibly by preventing ligand binding. The slowing of deactivation by RPR was proportional to the number of wild-type subunits incorporated into a concatenated tetrameric channel, and four wild-type subunits were required to achieve maximal slowing of deactivation. In contrast, a single wild-type subunit within a concatenated tetramer was sufficient to achieve half of the maximal RPR-induced shift in the voltage dependence of hERG1 inactivation, and maximal effect was achieved in channels containing three or four wild-type subunits. Together our findings suggest that the allosteric modulation of channel gating involves distinct mechanisms of coupling between drug binding and altered deactivation and inactivation.
Additive Mixed Effect Model for Clustered Failure Time Data

We propose an additive mixed effect model to analyze clustered failure time data. The proposed model assumes an additive structure and includes a random effect as an additional component. Our model imitates the commonly used mixed effect models in repeated measurement analysis but under the context of hazards regression; our model can also be considered as a parallel development of the gamma-frailty model in additive model structures. We develop estimating equations for parameter estimation and propose a way of assessing the distribution of the latent random effect in the presence of large clusters. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator. The small sample performance of our method is demonstrated via a large number of simulation studies. Finally, we apply the proposed model to analyze data from a diabetic study and a treatment trial for congestive heart failure.
A Person-Centered Personality Approach to Heterogeneity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Person-centered personality approaches are an underused means of illuminating clinical heterogeneity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the present study, latent profile analysis was conducted with personality traits to identify homogeneous profiles within the ADHD population. Participants were 548 children ages 6-18 years (302 with ADHD). Personality traits were measured via parent report on the California Q-Sort (A. Caspi et al., 1992). Latent profile analysis was conducted on the Big 5 factors. A 6-profile solution best fit the data. Resulting groups were characterized as "disagreeable," "introverted," "poor control," "well adjusted," "extraverted," and "perfectionistic." External validation of this model using ADHD diagnosis, subtypes, and comorbid psychopathology suggested that children with ADHD could be parsed into 4 groups: (a) an introverted group with high rates of the ADHD-inattentive type, (b) a group characterized by poor control, with high rates of ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C) and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders, (c) an extraverted group, with ADHD-C and few associated comorbid disorders, and (c) possibly, a very rare "perfectionistic" group, exhibiting obsessive traits. A person-centered personality approach may be one promising way to capture homogeneous subgroups within the ADHD population.
Synthesis and characterization of block copolymers containing poly(di(ethylene glycol) 2‐ethylhexyl ether acrylate) by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has emerged as one of the important living radical polymerization techniques. Herein, we report the polymerization of di(ethylene glycol) 2-ethylhexyl ether acrylate (DEHEA), a commercially-available monomer consisting of an amphiphilic side chain, via RAFT by using bis(2-propionic acid) trithiocarbonate as the chain transfer agent (CTA) and AIBN as the radical initiator, at 70 °C. The kinetics of DEHEA polymerization was also evaluated. Synthesis of well-defined ABA triblock copolymers consisting of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) or poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PODA) middle blocks were prepared from a PDEHEA macroCTA. By starting from a PtBA macroCTA, a BAB triblock copolymer with PDEHEA as the middle block was also readily prepared. These amphiphilic block copolymers with PDEHEA segments bearing unique amphiphilic side chains could potentially be used as the precursor components for construction of self-assembled nanostructures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5420–5430, 2007
Genetic variants associated with carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity in cell lines derived from Africans

To gain a better understanding of the genetic variants associated with carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity in individuals of African descent, we present a step-wise approach integrating genotypes, gene expression, and sensitivity of HapMap cell lines to carboplatin. Cell lines derived from 30 trios of African descent (YRI) were used to develop a preclinical model to identify genetic variants and gene expression that contribute to carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was determined as cell growth inhibition at increasing concentrations of carboplatin for 72 h. Gene expression of 89 HapMap YRI cell lines was determined using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotype and the percent survival at different treatment concentrations along with carboplatin IC50 were linked through whole genome association. A second association test was done between single nucleotide polymorphism genotype and gene expression, and linear regression was then used to capture those genes whose expression correlated to drug sensitivity phenotypes. This approach allows us to identify genetic variants that significantly associate with sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of carboplatin through their effect on gene expression. We found a gene ( GPC5 ) whose expression is important in all carboplatin treatment concentrations as well as many genes unique to either low (e.g., MAPK1 ) or high (e.g., BRAF, MYC , and BCL2L1 ) concentrations of drug. Our whole genome approach enables us to evaluate the contribution of genetic and gene expression variation to a wide range of cellular phenotypes. The identification of concentration specific genetic signatures allows for potential integration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics in tailoring chemotherapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(9):3038–46]
The CSPD-2 gamma-ray imaging system

A compact portable /spl gamma/-ray vision system consisting of a lead multi-hole collimator, CsI(Tl)/photodiode detector array, CCD camera and personal computer, has been constructed and tested. The optical picture obtained with a CCD camera is overlaid with /spl gamma/-ray intensity distributions at different energies to enable immediate localization of multiple radioactive sources. The /spl gamma/-ray detector employs a shielded array of sixteen 1/spl times/1/spl times/3 cm CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals, each of which is viewed by a 1 cm square Hamamatsu PIN silicon photodiode. The device operates in the energy range from 100 keV to 3 MeV with an average energy resolution of about 7% FWHM, and angular resolution of about 40 FWHM at 662 keV. The collected /spl gamma/-ray distribution is processed using a maximum-likelihood algorithm to provide a more precise reconstruction of the /spl gamma/-emitter distribution. The detector system is mounted on a pan-and-tilt table; the total weight of the imaging system is about 30 kg. The performance of this instrument has been tested in our laboratory and the results show that this system should be a competitive candidate for radiation monitoring in nuclear facilities.
Calcium Fortified, Reduced Fat Beef Emulsion Product

Characteristics were investigated on a 15%/25%, fat/added water beef frankfurter supplemented with calcium (calcium carbonate or calcium-citrate-malate complex, CCM) to meet 25, 50, 75 or 100% of adult U.S. RDA in one 45g frankfurter. Controls contained 15%/25% or 30%/10% fat/added water. Compared to controls, calcium addition did not reduce yield although batters containing CCM had lower viscosity (P<0.05). During storage, pH of calcium added frankfurters increased about 0.35 units. Frankfurters formulated with 100% levels for calcium were least acceptable to sensory panelists. Frankfurters were softer and had less springiness and chewiness (P<0.05) when supplemented with 100% lev els for calcium
Born to Hand Jive: Connecting Music, Dance, Culture, and Algebra.

This article discusses the use of hand-clapping games and dances in the music classroom. In addition to their use for teaching music skills and concepts, these games can be quite useful for making cross-disciplinary connections to reinforce the eighth and ninth National Standards for Music Education (Standard 8: understanding relationships between music, the other arts, and disciplines outside the arts; Standard 9: understanding music in relation to history and culture). Specifically, the article focuses on the Hand Jive and the ways that it may be used to help students see connections to music in history and culture as well as the underlying mathematical concept of repeated patterns on which the movements are based.
Endogenous Endothelins Mediate Increased Acidification in Remnant Kidneys

Because endothelins (ET) mediate increased renal acidification induced by dietary acid and animals with reduced renal mass exhibit increased urinary ET-1 excretion, the hypothesis that ET mediate increased renal acidification in remnant kidneys was tested. Four weeks before the study, rats underwent a 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) and a microdialysis apparatus was inserted into the remnant left kidney and the left kidney of sham-treated control animals, for measurements of renal ET-1 contents. Nx animals exhibited greater ET-1 addition to the renal dialysate than did control animals (681 +/- 91 versus 290 +/- 39 fmol/g kidney wt per min, P < 0.002) and greater urinary ET-1 excretion (346 +/- 79 versus 125 +/- 24 fmol/d, P < 0.02). Urinary net acid excretion rates were similar for Nx and control animals (732 +/- 106 versus 1005 +/- 293 microEq/d, P = 0.4), but Nx animals exhibited greater in situ HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in proximal (972.3 +/- 77 versus 482.6 +/- 42.4 pmol/min, P < 0.001) and distal (62.7 +/- 6.7 versus 24.3 +/- 2.5 pmol/min, P < 0.001) tubules. Orally administered bosentan, an ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, decreased urinary net acid excretion in Nx animals (to 394 +/- 99 microEq/d, P < 0.04 versus without bosentan); the decrease was mediated by decreased HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in both the proximal and distal tubules. Furthermore, bosentan decreased blood base excess in Nx animals (0.1 +/- 0.3 to -0.12 +/- 0.03 microM/ml blood, P < 0.002), consistent with acid retention. The data demonstrate that endogenous ET mediate increased urinary acid excretion in the remnant kidneys of Nx animals.
Technical Refinements of the Vertical Mammaplasty: A Modified LeJour Approach

Although recent refinements in vertical mammaplasty techniques have increased the popularity of the procedure, criticism has continued on the basis of perceived shortcomings in the results. In this paper, a step-by-step description of the author's preferred vertical mammaplasty technique, the modified Lejour approach, is presented. Detailed guidelines are given for preoperative markings to site the proposed new nipple position, ensure breast symmetry, delineate breast displacement and the final medial and lateral extent of skin incision, and minimize “dimple-like” skin indentations at the lower border of the skin excision during closure. Maneuvers for avoiding common pitfalls of the technique are also described, including minimizing the risk of nipple-areolar complex constriction or distortion and avoiding excessive lateral breast fullness. The described vertical mammaplasty technique is safe, reliable, and easily performed in smaller breast reductions and almost all mastopexies. These modifications to the Lejour approach resolve many of the criticisms of vertical mammaplasty procedures.
HIV and Diabetes Treatment Adherence: Premedical Students' Perspectives

Objective: This study explored how future physicians who are early on in their training conceptualize treatment adherence issues for a disease with a high societal stigma (e.g. HIV/AIDS) versus a disease with little to no societal stigma (e.g. diabetes). Method: We surveyed 121 first and second year students enrolled in a BS/MD program. After observing a videotaped interview of a person with HIV/AIDS, students were asked to identify and resolve ethical dilemmas regarding treatment adherence, which were presented in the interview. This process was repeated for a videotaped interview of a person with diabetes. Students' responses to both interviews were compared. Results: Analysis of qualitative comments indicated that students had difficulty identifying treatment adherence issues for high and low stigmatized diseases. Regarding the students' abilities to identify psychosocial factors and dilemmas for people with HIV, multiple concerns were identified, whereas most students had difficulty identifying psychosocial concerns for the person with diabetes. Most students had difficulty differentiating psychosocial dilemmas from ethical ones. Conclusions: Results suggest that premedical students have difficulty identifying and resolving psychosocial and ethical dilemmas for individuals with differently stigmatized diseases. Their ability to understand and resolve treatment adherence issues is limited. Despite the fact that most students knew someone with diabetes, they had more difficulty identifying psychosocial issues associated with diabetes compared to HIV. Findings support the need for education and training in psychosocial/ethical issues related to HIV and diabetes for students to help them better serve patient populations with diseases that bear low and high societal stigma.
Pediatric MR Angiography: Principles and Applications

Magnetic resonance angiography is perhaps the most valuable in children when compared to all other patient groups. While CT angiography has made vast strides in imaging the neurovascular system in adults, these advances do not lend themselves to easy application in the pediatric patient population primarily due to the risk from the considerable radiation exposure that CT angiographic procedures entail. Likewise, conventional catheter angiography procedures also result in radiation exposure. While many CTA and conventional digital subtraction angiography procedures have been shown to result in radiation exposure which is less than the threshold for deterministic effects such as epilation or erythema, they nevertheless result in an increased risk for malignancy secondary to stochastic effects.
Fertility Preservation for the Young Breast Cancer Patient

Background The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines include incorporation of fertility preservation guidelines in the care of breast oncology patients. This study aimed to examine the baseline knowledge and preferences concerning fertility preservation among women of childbearing age with newly diagnosed breast cancer at the time of their initial visit to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).
Abstract B33: Integration of genome-wide datasets identifies SOX10 as a lineage-specific genetic dependency in melanoma

Melanoma accounts for less than 5% of skin cancers, but a majority of skin cancer deaths. Genomic studies have firmly established the role of recurrent somatic alterations in the pathogenesis of melanoma, including mutations in BRAF , NRAS , TP53 , PTEN , and CDKN2A . While the discovery of activating mutations in BRAF in over 60% of melanomas has led to the development of FDA-approved BRAF and MEK inhibitors that induce dramatic responses in BRAF V600-mutant melanomas, the inevitable resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors necessitates a greater understanding of melanoma biology and genetics. By integrating genome-wide functional genomic and expression data, we have identified SOX10 as a lineage-specific genetic dependency in melanoma. SOX10 dependency is highly correlated with SOX10 gene expression in melanoma. Subsequent functional in vitro experiments have confirmed the role of SOX10 in the cellular proliferation and growth of melanoma cell lines. The combination of SOX10 depletion with current FDA-approved targeted therapies for melanoma hold promise for the delay or prevention of resistance to these therapeutics and may lead to more durable control of melanoma in human patients. Citation Format: Terence C. Wong, Cory M. Johannessen, Levi A. Garraway. Integration of genome-wide datasets identifies SOX10 as a lineage-specific genetic dependency in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr B33.
A load balancing parallel method for frequent pattern mining on multi-core cluster

In this paper, we present a new parallel method named SDFEM that enables frequent pattern mining (FPM) on cluster with multiple multi-core compute nodes to provide high performance. SDFEM is distinguished from previous parallel FPM works due to incorporating three advanced features to provide high mining performance for large-scale data analytic applications. First, SDFEM combines both shared memory and distributed memory computational models to leverage benefits of shared memory within a node in cluster. Second, it employs a multi-strategy load balancing approach to address the most challenging issue of parallel FPM to balance the mining workload among all cores of the cluster. Finally, its self-adaptive mining solution with the capability of dynamically adjusting to the characteristics of the database to perform efficiently on different data types either sparse or dense. For performance evaluation, we implement SDFEM using a hybrid model of OpenMP and MPI in which OpenMP is for the shared memory model and MPI is for message passing. SDFEM has been tested on a cluster of multiple 12-core shared memory compute nodes. Our experimental results on real databases show that performance of SDFEM is up to 329.5% faster than the parallel FPM approach that uses only distributed memory model with message passing (i.e. using pure MPI). In addition, SDFEM can achieve up to 45.4-64.8 speedup on 120 cores (i.e. 10 compute nodes and 12 cores per node).
Development and validation of triarchic psychopathy scales from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.

Psychopathy is conceptualized by the triarchic model as encompassing three distinct phenotypic constructs: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. In the current study, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), a normal-range personality measure, was evaluated for representation of these three constructs. Consensus ratings were used to identify MPQ items most related to each triarchic (Tri) construct. Scale measures were developed from items indicative of each construct, and scores for these scales were evaluated for convergent and discriminant validity in community (N = 176) and incarcerated samples (N = 240). A cross the two samples, MPQ-Tri scale scores demonstrated good internal consistencies and relationships with criterion measures of various types consistent with predictions based on the triarchic model. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for further investigation of the triarchic model constructs in preexisting datasets that include the MPQ, in particular longitudinal and genetically informative datasets.
Kinetics and mechanism of the N7‐hydroxyalkylation of guanosine

The kinetics of the N7-hydroxyalkylation of guanosine by the equally substituted epoxide, trans-2,3-epoxybutane, and the unequally substituted epoxides, 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane, and 1,2-epoxypropane in glacial acetic acid, have been measured by a spectrophotomeric method over the range 20-40°. Activation parameters have been determined. Comparative rates calculated from the ratios of second-order rate constants indicate that 1,2-epoxypropane reacts with guanosine about three times faster than does trans-2,3-epoxybutane and about two times faster than 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane. These results coupled with the results of a previous report on the structural analysis of the products from these reactions are consistent with a “push-pull” mechanism in which N7 of guanosine reacts preferentially at the least substituted carbon of the epoxide with simultaneous transfer of a proton from acetic acid to the oxygen of the epoxide. The lower reactivities of trans-2,3-epoxybutane and 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane in comparison to that of 1,2-epoxypropane are discussed in terms of steric factors and electronic factors which determine the stability of the requisite transition state for a “push-pull” mechanism model.
Studies of the Motile Cells of Chytrids. 6. The Monoblepharidales and Blastocladiales Types of Posteriorly Uniflagellate Motile Cell

(1969). Studies of the Motile Cells of Chytrids. 6. The Monoblepharidales and Blastocladiales Types of Posteriorly Uniflagellate Motile Cell. Mycologia: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 422-426.
Research of WWAN Security in Communication of Power System

At present,the power system is moving in the direction of the smart grid,and the communication will be more diversified,the wireless communication network will become an important communication way in power system communications and widely used in smart grid.And wireless communication has been applied and spread in the power system communication because of its merits in the network construction including flexibility,convenience,scalability,cost performance and others.Meanwhile,with the increasing importance of wireless communication in the power monitoring system,its security is becoming a research hotspot in power system communication.It describes the background of power communication,and then makes a detail analysis for WWAN security and its theoretical research trends,and finally research WWAN safety under communication of the power environment,and predict the next step.
Exercise training improves the arterial baroreflex function in heart failure rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of exercise training(EX) on the arterial baroreflex and possible mechanisms in rats with chronic heart failure(CHF).METHODS:Experiments were carried out in four groups:EX-CHF,CHF,EX-sham,and sham. CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation,and EX consisted of 4 weeks of treadmill running. Baroreflex function,plasma angiotensin II(Ang II) and central AT1 receptor expression were determined.RESULTS:(1) The average slope and maximal gain of the baroreflex curve in CHF rats were lower than those in sham rats(P0.01). EX significantly enhanced baroreflex parameters in CHF group but not in sham group.(2) EX decreased plasma Ang II in CHF rats [(137±27)ng/L vs (263±55)ng/L,P0.01],but had no significant effect on plasma Ang II in sham rats [(75±17)ng/L vs (92±21)ng/L].(3) Expression of AT1R protein in the PVN of CHF rats was higher than that in sham rats(1.20±0.21 vs 0.70±0.14,P0.01). EX reduced AT1R protein level in CHF rats(0.90±0.13),but had no impact in sham rats(0.60±0.16).CONCLUSION:EX restores the attenuated arterial baroreflex function in CHF rats,involving in decrease of plasma Ang II and downregulation of AT1R in the PVN.
Medical treatment after myocardial infarction. Results of studies using various methods.

PreviewThe widespread use of aggressive treatment has increased in-hospital survival of post-myocardial infarction patients in recent years. However, patients with continued ischemia or ventricular dysfunction, or both, are at high risk for re-infarction. Armed with an understanding of how to assess risk in their postinfarction patients and a rational treatment strategy, primary care physicians can be instrumental in working toward the best possible outcome. Dr Smith summarizes results of recent trials using various therapies in survivors of acute infarction.
HBD3 Induces PD-L1 Expression on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines

Human β-defensin 3 (HBD3) is an antimicrobial peptide up-regulated in the oral tissues of individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and present in high concentrations in their saliva. In this study, we determined if HBD3 contributes to HNSCC pathogenesis by inducing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on HNSCC cell lines. For this, SCC cell lines SCC4, SCC15, SCC19, SCC25, and SCC99 (5.0 × 104 viable cells) were used. Cells were incubated with IFNγ (0.6 µM) and HBD3 (0.2, 2.0, or 20.0 µM) for 24 h. Cells alone served as controls. Cells were then treated with anti-human APC-CD274 (PD-L1) and Live/Dead Fixable Green Dead Cell Stain. Cells treated with an isotype antibody and cells alone served as controls. All cell suspensions were analyzed in a LSR II Violet Flow Cytometer. Cytometric data was analyzed using FlowJo software. Treatment with IFNγ (0.6 µM) increased the number of cells expressing PD-L1 (p < 0.05) with respect to controls. Treatment with HBD3 (20.0 µM) also increased the number of cells expressing PD-L1 (p < 0.05) with respect to controls. However, treatment with IFNγ (0.6 µM) was not significantly different from treatment with HBD3 (20.0 µM) and the numbers of cells expressing PD-L1 were similar (p = 1). Thus, HBD3 increases the number of cells expressing PD-L1. This is a novel concept, but the role HBD3 contributes to HNSCC pathogenesis by inducing PD-L1 expression in tumors will have to be determined.
Prehistoric Myths in Modern Political Philosophy

How modern philosophers use and perpetuate myths about prehistory.The state of nature, the origin of property, the origin of government, the primordial nature of inequality and war – why do political philosophers talk so much about the Stone Age? And are they talking about a Stone Age that really happened, or is it just a convenient thought experiment to illustrate their points?Karl Widerquist and Grant S. McCall take a philosophical look at the origin of civilisation, examining political theories to show how claims about prehistory are used. Drawing on the best available evidence from archaeology and anthropology, they show that much of what we think we know about human origins comes from philosophers' imagination, not scientific investigation.Key FeaturesShows how modern political theories employ ambiguous factual claims about prehistoryBrings archaeological and anthropological evidence to bear on those claimsTells the story of human origins in a way that reveals many commonly held misconceptions
The Contribution of Psychoanalysis to the Treatment of Alcoholism

This report represents the crystallization of knowledge derived from supervising the psychotherapy of alcoholic patients in a clinic setting. The therapists were psychiatric residents, social workers, and social work students. The therapy was once-a-week psychotherapy based on psychoanalytic concepts and principles and was, by design, supportive and informative.
Post–Cataract Surgery Optic Neuropathy: Prevalence, Incidence, Temporal Relationship, and Fellow Eye Involvement

Purpose To reassess the prevalence and incidence of post–cataract surgery optic neuropathy (PCSON) in the modern era. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Setting: Single-center tertiary care practice. Study Population: All patients with a diagnosis of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) seen in the Wilmer Eye Network system between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014 were included. Inclusion was based on the following: (1) a history of an acute unilateral decrease in vision, (2) a visual field defect consistent with NAION, (3) a relative afferent pupillary defect, (4) observed optic disc swelling, and (5) no other etiology being found. Main Outcome Measures: The prevalence and incidence of PCSON and the temporal association between surgery and onset of PCSON. The secondary outcome was the risk of PCSON in the fellow eye of patients with prior unilateral spontaneous NAION. Results One hundred eighty-eight patients had developed NAION during the study period. Of these, 18 (9.6%) had undergone cataract surgery (CS) during the year prior to developing NAION. There was no significant temporal pattern associated with the distribution of NAION cases ( P = .28). The incidence of PCSON in patients who had noncomplex CS was 10.9 cases per 100 000 (95% CI, 1.3, 39.4). Conclusions Our data indicate that both the prevalence and incidence of NAION after modern CS are comparable to those of the general population and that there is no significant temporal relationship between modern CS and the subsequent development of NAION in the operated eye. Thus, although this study has inherent biases owing to its retrospective nature, concern regarding an increased risk of PCSON in the fellow eye in patients who have experienced it or spontaneous NAION in 1 eye may be unwarranted.
MicroRNA regulation of radiation sensitivity in colorectal cancers.

608Background: Patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer (T3/T4/Node positive) receive neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and subsequent surgery. While 10-25% of patients have complete response to CRT, the remaining patients undergo extensive tumor excision that leads to quality of life issues. Response to CRT is an independent predictor of overall survival highlighting the importance of improving CRT response rates. Several tumor intrinsic factors govern responses to CRT including specific gene expression programs. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRs) modulate gene expression programs in response to radiation. Moreover, miR-processing machinery is frequently mutated in colorectal cancers (TCGA, 2016 provisional). miRs have been implicated in several pathological processes associated with colorectal cancer progression including cancer stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this context, we hypothesized that differential expression of miRs regulates colorectal ...