cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Licensing of Thermogenesis by IL-33 and ST2

For placental mammals, the transition from the in utero maternal environment to postnatal life requires the activation of thermogenesis to maintain their core temperature. This is primarily accomplished by induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown and beige adipocytes, the principal sites for uncoupled respiration. Despite its importance, how placental mammals license their thermogenic adipocytes to participate in postnatal uncoupled respiration is not known. Here, we provide evidence that the "alarmin" IL-33, a nuclear cytokine that activates type 2 immune responses, licenses brown and beige adipocytes for uncoupled respiration. We find that, in absence of IL-33 or ST2, beige and brown adipocytes develop normally but fail to express an appropriately spliced form of Ucp1 mRNA, resulting in absence of UCP1 protein and impairment in uncoupled respiration and thermoregulation. Together, these data suggest that IL-33 and ST2 function as a developmental switch to license thermogenesis during the perinatal period. PAPERCLIP.
On Ground State Solutions to Mixed Type Singular Semi-Linear Elliptic Equations

The purpose of the paper is to establish the existence of ground state solutions to −∆u = ηa(x)f(u)+γb(x)g(u), where the locally Holder continuous non-negative functions a and b and the non-linearities f and g satisfy some general conditions. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35B40, 35A05, 35B05.
Long-term stability of cannabinoids in oral fluid after controlled cannabis administration.

Cannabinoid stability in oral fluid (OF) is important for assuring accurate results since OF has become a valid alternative matrix of choice for drug testing. We previously published OF cannabinoid stability studies using Quantisal™, Oral-Eze®, and StatSure™ devices stored at room temperature for 1 week, 4 °C for up to 4 weeks, and at -20 °C up to 24 weeks. Extending refrigerated stability up to 3 months would be helpful for clinical and forensic testing, for re-analysis of OF samples and for batching research analyses. Individual authentic OF pools were prepared after controlled smoking of a 6.9% ∆9-tetrahydracannabinol cannabis cigarette; the Quantisal™ device was utilized for OF collection. Fifteen healthy volunteers participated in the Institutional Review Board-approved study. Stability for THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), ∆9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol (CBG) were determined after storage at 4 °C for 1, 2, and 3 months. Results within ±20% of baseline concentrations were considered stable. All analytes were stable for up to 2 months at 4 °C for all participants with positive baseline concentrations. Baseline concentrations were highly variable. In total, THC, THCCOOH, THCV, CBD, and CBG were stable for 3 months at 4 °C for pooled positive specimens from 14 of 15, 8 of 9, 7 of 8, 8 of 9, and 9 of 10 participants, respectively. In conclusion, Quantisal™-collected OF specimens should be stored at 4 °C for no more than two months to assure accurate THC, THCCOOH, THCV, CBD, and CBG quantitative results; only one participant's OF was unstable at three months. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
GG-05 ATAC-SEQ profiling reveals cell-type specific epigenetic features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Background Genetics studies have now identified over 80 SLE risk loci that influence predisposition to SLE with the majority of risk variants altering regulatory elements that govern gene expression. Precise understanding of how risk variants in regulatory elements influence gene expression in different cell types and cell states is critical for defining the molecular networks leading to autoimmunity. To begin to address this issue, we profiled the chromatin accessibility landscape of three distinct, albeit heterogeneous, compartments of the immune system across three clinical states. Materials and methods Primary B and T lymphocytes and monocytes from 5 SLE subjects with high disease activity (SLEDAI ≥3) and 4 SLE subjects with low disease activity (SLEDAI ≤2) and 5 healthy controls were collected and processed for high-throughput open chromatin profiling by ATAC-seq. Reads were aligned to the hg19 genome and regions of enriched chromatin accessibility “peaks” were identified with MACS2. For each cell type, we identified the consensus set of epigenetically active peaks across all 14 subjects. We conducted enrichment tests of identified loci using the GREAT tool and performed differential accessibility analysis using the edgeR package in R. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment and overlaps with know SLE risk haplotypes were also determined. Results Chromatin accessibility profiles among the three cell types shared common features as well as peaks specific to each cell-type profile. The peaks unique to each profile were enriched in genomic loci specific to their cellular function as well as their known immunologic molecular signatures in SLE. Quantitative analysis of differential chromatin accessibility loci which discriminate between individuals with SLE and healthy controls patients with high versus low disease activity. Motif analysis revealed that many consensus peaks occupy binding sites of cohesion complex subunits, suggesting that long-range chromatin interactions may mediate immune responses that drive SLE progression. In addition, 320 SLE risk SNPs were located within an open chromatin peak suggesting these as SNPs candidates for functional impact. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that chromatin profiling may have power to differentiate patients from controls as well varying extremes of disease activity and can pinpoint putative functional SNPs. Additional insight will be gained from further refinement of immune cell compartments. Future studies will focus on long-range interactions driving differences in chromatin accessibility and integrating these data with transcriptome data. We expect this approach to exapnd our knowledge of how regulatory networks in specific cells and cell states drive SLE progression. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: NIAID: U19AI082714; NIAMS: AR056360, AR063124; NIGMS: GM110766
Global warming precipitation accumulation increases above the current-climate cutoff scale

Precipitation accumulations, integrated over rainfall events, can be affected by both intensity and duration of the storm event. Thus, although precipitation intensity is widely projected to increase under global warming, a clear framework for predicting accumulation changes has been lacking, despite the importance of accumulations for societal impacts. Theory for changes in the probability density function (pdf) of precipitation accumulations is presented with an evaluation of these changes in global climate model simulations. We show that a simple set of conditions implies roughly exponential increases in the frequency of the very largest accumulations above a physical cutoff scale, increasing with event size. The pdf exhibits an approximately power-law range where probability density drops slowly with each order of magnitude size increase, up to a cutoff at large accumulations that limits the largest events experienced in current climate. The theory predicts that the cutoff scale, controlled by the interplay of moisture convergence variance and precipitation loss, tends to increase under global warming. Thus, precisely the large accumulations above the cutoff that are currently rare will exhibit increases in the warmer climate as this cutoff is extended. This indeed occurs in the full climate model, with a 3 °C end-of-century global-average warming yielding regional increases of hundreds of percent to >1,000% in the probability density of the largest accumulations that have historical precedents. The probabilities of unprecedented accumulations are also consistent with the extension of the cutoff.
REINVENT: A low-cost, virtual reality brain-computer interface for severe stroke upper limb motor recovery

There are few effective treatments for rehabilitation of severe motor impairment after stroke. We developed a novel closed-loop neurofeedback system called REINVENT to promote motor recovery in this population. REINVENT (Rehabilitation Environment using the Integration of Neuromuscular-based Virtual Enhancements for Neural Training) harnesses recent advances in neuroscience, wearable sensors, and virtual technology and integrates low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) sensors with feedback in a head-mounted virtual reality display (VR) to provide neurofeedback when an individual's neuromuscular signals indicate movement attempt, even in the absence of actual movement. Here we describe the REINVENT prototype and provide evidence of the feasibility and safety of using REINVENT with older adults.
A meta-analysis of anticoagulants as cancer treatment: Impact on survival and bleeding complications

9071 Background: There is substantial laboratory evidence that anticoagulants, in particular the low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), exert an antitumor effect, while clinical trials have reported...
Chapter 3 – Forecasting Output

This chapter surveys the recent literature on output forecasting, and examines the real-time forecasting ability of several models for U.S. output growth. In particular, it evaluates the accuracy of short-term forecasts of linear and nonlinear structural and reduced-form models, and judgmental forecasts of output growth. Our emphasis is on using solely the information that was available at the time the forecast was being made, in order to reproduce the forecasting problem facing forecasters in real-time. We find that there is a large difference in forecast performance across business cycle phases. In particular, it is much harder to forecast output growth during recessions than during expansions. Simple linear and nonlinear autoregressive models have the best accuracy in forecasting output growth during expansions, although the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and the vector autoregressive model with financial variables do relatively well. On the other hand, we find that most models do poorly in forecasting output growth during recessions. The autoregressive model based on the nonlinear dynamic factor model that takes into account asymmetries between expansions and recessions displays the best real time forecast accuracy during recessions. Even though the Blue Chip forecasts are comparable, the dynamic factor Markov switching model has better accuracy, particularly with respect to the timing and depth of output fall during recessions in real time. The results suggest that there are large gains in considering separate forecasting models for normal times and models especially designed for periods of abrupt changes, such as during recessions and financial crises.
Meat Markets: The Cultural History of Bloody London

Meat Markets articulates the emergent ‘nonhuman thought’ developed across literatures of the long nineteenth century and inflecting recent critical theories of abject life and animality.
Single Crystal Uniaxial Stress Experiments

An uniaxial stress experiment in a single crystal, whether dynamic or quasi-static, is complicated by the fact that such solids are anisotropic. Large deformation occurs as shear on preferred planes in specified directions. In a quasi-static experiment, the two axial measurements for the single crystal are the same as for the polycrystal, and in the field of large deformation may be determined with the same high degree of accuracy. Difficulties arise when the data from one quasi-static experiment are compared with the data from another. Unless the orientation of crystallographic axes with respect to the specimen axis is known, one may not meaningfully cross-compare data in any particular solid, let alone make comparisons between solids.
State, Subject, Space

The complex webs of linkage between voluntary organizations and government belie the myth of voluntary sector independence. Detailing numerous examples, Rathgeb-Smith (2001) for instance, simultaneously reveals the reactive nature of much nonprofit behavior in the face of shifting US public policy. These examples also serve as a useful critique of three classes of theory which dominate US discourse on nonprofit—government relations: economic theories, voluntary sector failure explanations, and mediating structures approaches. Such theoretical lenses distort as much as (or more than) they serve to clarify the structure of relationships between the two sectors. What might be termed “institutionalist” theory, in contrast, has been forwarded as an alternative theoretical lens. (For variants on this institutionalist approach, see Kramer, 1981; Rathgeb-Smith & Lipsky, 1993; Salamon, 1995; Wolch, 1990.) Institutionalist theory rejects the voluntary independence implied by the three conventional explanations, instead characterizing voluntary groups as resulting from the structure, norms, and practices of existing institutions; incentives provided by such institutions for the establishment and operation of nonprofit organizations; and community-specific histories and geographies.
An Overview of Insurance Uses of Fuzzy Logic

It has been twenty-five years since DeWit(1982) first applied fuzzy logic (FL) to insurance. That article sought to quantify the fuzziness in underwriting. Since then, the universe of discourse has expanded considerably and now also includes FL applications involving classification, projected liabilities, future and present values, pricing, asset allocations and cash flows, and investments. This article presents an overview of these studies. The two specific purposes of the article are to document the FL technologies have been employed in insurance-related areas and to review the FL applications so as to document the unique characteristics of insurance as an application area.
Extended Examples and Evaluation

The first eight sections of this chapter provide examples of Roundsman in action: each section includes one example critique followed by a discussion. Section 8.9 presents the results of an evaluation of Roundsman’s performance, and a discussion of those results.
Examining moral authority in the marketplace: A conceptualization and framework

Abstract Business entities, such as CEOs, endorsers, brands and even firms, are more frequently being pressured to engage in social and political dialogue. Stakeholders want these entities to motivate change by taking a stance on various issues; i.e., to exert their moral authority. While mentioned in the popular press and consumer conversations, research has not yet examined the construct of moral authority. Drawing from current events and the extant business literature on morality, this article formally defines and conceptualizes the construct of moral authority and delineates a framework for examining if/how entities choose to exert their moral authority in the marketplace as well as identifying what the potential consequences could be. As a result, this article contributes to the literature by initiating a new research agenda into moral authority in the marketplace.
The effect of one- or two-dimensional conjugated benzodithiophene in polymeric donors on the device performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells

Abstract The device performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell significantly dependents on the molecular structure of donors or acceptors. Here we studied the differences in photovoltaic properties when employing polymeric donor consisting of one dimensional and two dimensional backbones blending with molecular acceptor with indacenodithiophene core. The necessity of polymeric donor with two dimensional backbone in non-fullerene devices based on indacenodithiophene-containing acceptors is demonstrated.
Instruction in Co-Teaching in the Age of Endrew F.

The recent Supreme Court decision in Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District focused attention on outcomes for students with disabilities. It is not just about participating; it is about the in...
Validation of Sensor-Based Food Intake Detection by Multicamera Video Observation in an Unconstrained Environment

Video observations have been widely used for providing ground truth for wearable systems for monitoring food intake in controlled laboratory conditions; however, video observation requires participants be confined to a defined space. The purpose of this analysis was to test an alternative approach for establishing activity types and food intake bouts in a relatively unconstrained environment. The accuracy of a wearable system for assessing food intake was compared with that from video observation, and inter-rater reliability of annotation was also evaluated. Forty participants were enrolled. Multiple participants were simultaneously monitored in a 4-bedroom apartment using six cameras for three days each. Participants could leave the apartment overnight and for short periods of time during the day, during which time monitoring did not take place. A wearable system (Automatic Ingestion Monitor, AIM) was used to detect and monitor participants’ food intake at a resolution of 30 s using a neural network classifier. Two different food intake detection models were tested, one trained on the data from an earlier study and the other on current study data using leave-one-out cross validation. Three trained human raters annotated the videos for major activities of daily living including eating, drinking, resting, walking, and talking. They further annotated individual bites and chewing bouts for each food intake bout. Results for inter-rater reliability showed that, for activity annotation, the raters achieved an average (±standard deviation (STD)) kappa value of 0.74 (±0.02) and for food intake annotation the average kappa (Light’s kappa) of 0.82 (±0.04). Validity results showed that AIM food intake detection matched human video-annotated food intake with a kappa of 0.77 (±0.10) and 0.78 (±0.12) for activity annotation and for food intake bout annotation, respectively. Results of one-way ANOVA suggest that there are no statistically significant differences among the average eating duration estimated from raters’ annotations and AIM predictions (p-value = 0.19). These results suggest that the AIM provides accuracy comparable to video observation and may be used to reliably detect food intake in multi-day observational studies.
Spousal support and knowledge related to cervical cancer screening: Are Sub-Saharan African immigrant men interested?

AbstractSub-Saharan African immigrant (SSAI) men have significant influence on the health-seeking behavior including cervical cancer screening uptake by their female partners/wives. We conducted a ...
Multidomain Convergence of Argonaute during RISC Assembly Correlates with the Formation of Internal Water Clusters

Despite the relevance of Argonaute proteins in RNA silencing, little is known about the structural steps of small RNA loading to form RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). We report the 1.9 A crystal structure of human Argonaute4 with guide RNA. Comparison with the previously determined apo structure of Neurospora crassa QDE2 revealed that the PIWI domain has two subdomains. Binding of guide RNA fastens the subdomains, thereby rearranging the active-site residues and increasing the affinity for TNRC6 proteins. We also identified two water pockets beneath the nucleic acid-binding channel that appeared to stabilize the mature RISC. Indeed, mutating the water-pocket residues of Argonaute2 and Argonaute4 compromised RISC assembly. Simulations predict that internal water molecules are exchangeable with the bulk solvent but always occupy specific positions at the domain interfaces. These results suggest that after guide RNA-driven conformational changes, water-mediated hydrogen-bonding networks tie together the converged domains to complete the functional RISC structure.
Text mining with HathiTrust

This tutorial will introduce attendees to the HathiTrust Research Center and its tools and services for computational text analysis research. HTRC leverages the scope and scale of the HathiTrust Digital Library collection to create opportunities for researchers to perform text data mining on subsets of the corpus. Attendees will develop skills that will allow them to conduct basic text analysis research using HathiTrust data, learn techniques for engaging with scholars on their text data mining research, and explore strategies for computational access to large-scale digital collections.
Random versus Directed Search for Scarce Resources

This paper studies how different search protocols affect social welfare in a search market with scarcity. Agents search for objects that differ in quality either through a random or a directed search protocol. Random search protocol, in which agents are randomly paired to an object of any quality, gives rise to adversely selected markets. Directed search protocol, in which agents choose with which quality types to pair, gives rise to congestion. When utility is either non-transferable or transferable through Nash bargaining, I show that random search dominates directed search in terms of welfare, even though each agent would prefer to be able to direct her search.
Are epistemic beliefs and motivation associated with belief revision among postsecondary service-learning participants?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the association between epistemic beliefs, epistemic motivation, and belief revision among undergraduate students enrolled in a service-learning course. We assessed students' belief in simple/certain knowledge, belief in omniscient authority as a source of knowledge, and need for closure at the start of the semester. We measured their beliefs about inequality at the start and end of the semester. Students with stronger beliefs in simple/certain knowledge demonstrated greater just world beliefs at the end of the semester, controlling for baseline beliefs in a just world. Need for closure, however, was associated with more adaptive forms of belief revision.
The “Use of Lines in Your Clothing Will Work Magic”: Advice to Women From 1914 to 1961 on Using Line to Design an Ideal Body Type:

Women have sought and received advice on how to dress for as long as they have been putting clothing on their bodies. One area in which women have received advice on dressing for their body type is...
Effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on hepatic lipid content in adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot, randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common form of liver disease among adolescents in industrialized countries. While lifestyle intervention remains the hallmark treatment for NAFLD, the most effective dietary strategy to reverse NAFLD in children is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a moderately CHO-restricted diet (CRD) vs fat-restricted diet (FRD) in adolescents with NAFLD on reduction in liver fat and insulin resistance. METHODS Thirty-two children/adolescents (age 9-17) with obesity and NAFLD were randomized to a CRD ( 50% energy from CHO:protein:fat) or FRD (55:25:20) for 8 weeks. Caloric intakes were calculated to be weight maintaining. Change in hepatic lipid content was measured via magnetic resonance imaging, body composition via dual energy X ray absorptiometry and insulin resistance via a fasting blood sample. RESULTS Change in hepatic lipid did not differ with diet, but declined significantly (-6.0 ± 4.7%, P < .001 only within the CRD group. We found significantly greater decreases in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, <.05), abdominal fat mass (P < .01) and body fat mass (P < .01) in response to the CRD vs FRD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that consumption of a moderately CHO-restricted diet may result in decreased hepatic lipid as well as improvements in body composition and insulin resistance in adolescents with NAFLD even in the absence of intentional caloric restriction. Larger studies are needed to determine whether a CHO-restricted diet induces change in hepatic lipid independent of change in body fat.
Work-in-Progress—A Generalizable Virtual Reality Training and Intelligent Tutor for Additive Manufacturing

There is currently significant demand for training in how to use metals additive manufacturing (AM) machines. Such training is important not only for the technicians who run and maintain the machines, but also for engineers and strategic decision makers who need to support AM part fabrication. Furthermore, there are a variety of AM machines, each with different details to be learned and potential hazards to overcome, and it is difficult to train more than a handful of users at one time. To address these challenges, a prototype training system has been developed, the AM Training Tutor, which uses interactive virtual reality (VR) to train users on a specific AM machine – the EOS M290. To make the training technology more widely available and expand its use across a variety of different AM machines, efforts are underway to develop a modularized and generic version of the AM Training Tutor that can be customized with relatively little effort to train users to operate other AM machines. This work-in-progress paper details the progress to-date, challenges and proposed solutions with the aim to demonstrate how standalone VR-based training systems can be redesigned for relatively easy repurposing and generalization.
Geographic Access Disparities to Clinical Trials in Diabetic Eye Disease in the United States.

Purpose To identify geographic and socioeconomic variables predictive of residential proximity to diabetic eye disease clinical trial locations. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective study. Participants De-identified census tract-level data from public datasets and trial-level data from ClinicalTrials.gov . Methods Using public data from ClinicalTrials.gov , we identified all active interventional clinical trials in diabetic eye disease since 2017. After geolocating every trial site, we used an origin-destination cost-matrix to calculate the driving distance and travel time from the population-weighted United States census tract centroid to the nearest site. We then used public databases to identify census tract-level socioeconomic factors predictive of driving distance and time. Main Outcome Measures Driving distance > 60 miles and time traveled > 60 minutes to the nearest clinical trial site. Results In a multivariate model, driving distance of more than 60 miles had a significant association with rural versus urban location (adjusted odds ratio, 5.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.75–7.26; P Conclusions Geographic maldistributions of clinical trial sites exist for diabetic eye disease in the United States. Those with higher travel burden are more likely to reside in a census tract that is rural, low income, and from areas outside the Northeast.
Dot1L interaction partner AF10 safeguards cell identity during the acquisition of pluripotency

Histone-modifying enzymes function as part of protein complexes that alter the accessibility of chromatin to elicit differential gene expression patterns. Dot1L, the sole histone H3 lysine (K) 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase, is associated with proteins that recognize specific histone modifications and target Dot1L to particular chromatin contexts. Here we find that depletion of the Dot1L interacting protein AF10, which recognizes unmodified H3K27, mimics Dot1L catalytic inhibition to increase the efficiency of reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). AF10 deletion results in almost no steady state transcriptional changes yet is responsible for half of the Dot1L iPSC reprogramming phenotype. In contrast, reduced levels of Dot1L interactors AF9 and ENL that recognize H3 acetylation decrease iPSC generation. Despite the opposite effects in reprogramming of Dot1L interacting proteins with differing histone reader specificity, we find that the AF10-histone interaction domain is dispensable for increased iPSC generation. Instead, the AF10-Dot1L interaction domain that potentiates H3K79 di- and tri-methylation is a barrier to pluripotency acquisition. Taken together we reveal a key role for higher order gene body histone methylation in safeguarding cell identity.
Effects of mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral hemodynamics: comparison of diffuse optical and cerebral microdialysis metrics in neonatal swine

Mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used during neonatal cardiac surgery. To elucidate potential risk factors for brain injury, diffuse optical spectroscopy, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, and cerebral microdialysis techniques were employed to monitor cerebral hemodynamics during mild hypothermic CPB in a swine model. Optical metrics were further compared with microdialysis metrics. Stable microdialysis metabolite levels, a significant decrease in CMRO2, and trending (but not significant) decreases in CBF and increases in OEF were observed. This suggests that the optical metrics may be more sensitive to neurologic injury during CPB than microdialysis.
Automata and Computability Education via Jove

This demo presents Jove, a new framework that brings the hands-on experience of teaching Automata and Computability through the popular medium of Jupyter notebooks. Jove requires no installation: it can be run straight out of its site https://github.com/ganeshutah/Jove.git by launching a chosen notebook on Google's Colab service. Students can create machines (DFA, Turing machines, etc.) in a simple markdown language, which are then translated into well-laid-out diagrams and animated for the provided user inputs. Jove's extensible animation controls build on Jupyter widgets and include interactive demos of NFA Epsilon-closure, Turing machines that perform tape updates, colored state transitions, etc. Composable commands easily achieve the construction of large machines, allowing the conversion of Regular Expressions to NFA, DFA, and minimal DFA. Python loops can administer tests on student-built machines; more advanced commands help establish formal equivalences of machines. Jove helps introduce Formal Methods through property-checking on automata, Binary Decision Diagrams, and Boolean SAT. The Jove website offers an entire semester of guided assignments (template notebooks) and videos. This demo will introduce Jove through examples that attendees can run merely by having access to a browser.
Hidden Markov models

'Profiles' of protein structures and sequence alignments can detect subtle homologies. Profile analysis has been put on firmer mathematical ground by the introduction of hidden Markov model (HMM) methods. During the past year, applications of these powerful new HMM-based profiles have begun to appear in the fields of protein-structure prediction and large-scale genome-sequence analysis.
The One-Two Punch: SARS-CoV-2 and Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia

Introduction: Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histological pattern of lung injury. Organizing Pneumonia (OP) may be occurring more frequently than realized in patients with lung injury from COVID-19. This case report reviews the presentation and disease course of AFOP in a patient with COVID-19. Case description:A 49-year-old male with a history of Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma on Venetoclax and Obinutuzumab presented with fever, exertional dyspnea, and dry cough and was diagnosed with COVID-19. His CT scan showed extensive peripheral predominant patchy and heterogenous ground glass opacities with mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Image A). His serum aspergillus galactomannan index was 4.37 and he was started on voriconazole. He however remained febrile;so, he had a transbronchial cryobiopsy. His pathology revealed marked interstitial T-cell lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. There was proliferative bronchiolitis and evidence of acute pulmonary hemorrhage, without features of vasculitis/capillaritis. No evidence of malignancy or organisms were identified. He was started on methylprednisolone daily and he initially improved, however, his fever returned and his oxygen requirements increased rapidly with steroid taper. His repeat chest CT scan showed a marked increase in bilateral patchy areas of consolidation with surrounding areas of ground glass opacity and intralobular septal thickening ("crazy paving") Image B. His infectious work up was extensive but negative. At this point, he required invasive mechanical ventilation;after which he received pulse dose steroids for three days followed by high dose maintenance. He improved and was extubated. However, he required high flow supplemental oxygen and was unable to be weaned past 100% fraction of inspired oxygen;as a result, Ruxolitinib was added. Unfortunately, his hypoxemia remained refractory and he developed sudden cardiovascular collapse which led to his demise. The patient died 40 days after admission. Discussion: Understanding the histopathology, disease course, and sequelae of COVID-19 is of paramount importance, because AFOP in COVID-19 adds complexity to management. Our patient's antemortem biopsy was performed prior to acute respiratory distress syndrome and mechanical ventilation as opposed to previous case reports with post mortem findings of AFOP after prolonged mechanical ventilation. Notably, 30% - 60% of intensive care patients with SARS CoV 1 had OP and AFOP. Additionally, the CT findings of COVID-19 are similar to OP and this lends support to the possibility that OP is an underlying pattern of lung injury in COVID-19.
Making sense of international faith-based disaster relief volunteer experiences: Barriers and contributors to successful operations.

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of five deployed international disaster relief volunteers from a faith-based group in Thailand. This study explored what participants perceived as contributors and barriers to their successful operations and how they made sense of their roles in the disaster recovery process. Organizational and cross-cultural barriers were identified. Through the lens of sense-making theory, four additional themes emerged: participants’ first assignment, the motto of being part of the solution, their firm belief in the organization’s values and practices, and their perception of necessity. Implications for faith-based organizations and directions for future studies are provided.
ECTJ/ERIC-IR young scholar paper analysis of the instructional functions of color and monochrome cuing in media presentations

What is the role of color cuing in learning from media presentations? In this article the effectiveness of color cuing strategies is analyzed in terms of learner aptitudes, the type of learning required, the cate gory of color cuing employed, and the relationship between color cues and other feature cues.
Defibrillation threshold testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) decrease sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). One of the vital aspects of ICD implantation is the demonstration that the myocardium can be reliably defibrillated, which is defined by the defibrillation threshold (DFT). We hypothesized that patients with HCM have higher DFTs than patients implanted for other standard indications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients implanted with an ICD at the University of Maryland from 1996 to 2008. All patients with HCM who had DFTs determined were included. Data were compared to selected patients implanted for other standard indications over the same time period. All patients had a dual-coil lead with an active pectoral can system and had full DFT testing using either a step-down or binary search protocol. Results: The study group consisted of 23 HCM patients. The comparison group consisted of 294 patients. As expected, the HCM patients were younger (49 ± 18 years vs 63 ± 12 years; P < 0.00001) and had higher left ventricular ejection fractions (66% vs 32%; P < 0.000001). The average DFT in the HCM group was 13.9 ± 7.0 Joules (J) versus 9.8 ± 5.1 J in the comparison group (P = 0.0004). In the HCM group, five of the 23 patients (22%) had a DFT ≥ 20 J compared to 19 of 294 comparison patients (6%). There was a significant correlation between DFT and left ventricle wall thickness in the HCM group as measured by echocardiography (r = 0.44; P = 0.03); however, there was no correlation between DFT and QRS width in the HCM group (r = 0.1; P = NS). Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with HCM have higher DFTs than patients implanted with ICDs for other indications. More importantly, a higher percentage of HCM patients have DFTs ≥ 20 J and the DFT increases with increasing left ventricle wall thickness. These data suggest that DFT testing should always be considered after implanting ICDs in HCM patients. (PACE 2010; 1342–1346)
Postoperative Pain Management in Preverbal Children: The Prescription and Administration of Analgesics With and Without Caudal Analgesia -

Abstract A retrospective chart review was conducted to examine the prescription and administration of analgesics with and without caudal analgesia to inpatient preverbal children within the first 48 hours after surgery. The 75 subjects were between birth and 24 months of age and had undergone various operative procedures. Seventy (93%) of these subjects were prescribed analgesics, but 8 of them had only acetaminophen prescribed. Of the 70 subjects who had a medication prescribed, 64 (91%) patients received analgesics. Morphine was the most frequently administered analgesic. The prescribed and administered mean dosages were less than the minimum recommended dosage for morphine. The mean prescribed and administered dosage for other analgesics exceeded the minimum recommended dosage. Preverbal children who had caudal analgesia during surgery were more likely to receive fewer dosages of analgesics and to receive lower dosages of narcotics even after 24 hours postoperatively than children who had not had caudal analgesia.
Marxist and Austrian Class Analysis

Iwant to do the following in this chapter: First to present a series of theses that constitute the hard-core of the Marxist theory of history. I claim that all of them are essentially correct. Then I will show how these true theses are derived in Marxism from a false starting point. Finally, I want to demonstrate how Austrianism in the Mises-Rothbard tradition can give a correct but categorically different explanation of their validity.
Online Word of Mouth and Product Review Disagreement

Studies of online word of mouth have frequently posited ― but never systematically conceptualized and explored ― that the level of disagreement between existing product reviews can impact the volume and the valence of future reviews. In this study we develop a theoretical framework of disagreement in online WOM and test our predictions in a dataset of nearly 300,000 online reviews for 425 movies over three years. This framework highlights that rather than thinking of disagreement as dispersion of opinions around a mean, high levels of disagreement can be better conceptualized as opposing opinion poles. Such a conceptualization has important implications for how disagreement can be measured and how results can be interpreted. We theoretically develop, validate, and apply a novel statistical measure of disagreement that can be used alongside existing alternative approaches such as standard deviation. We find that only high levels of disagreement ― with opposing opinion poles ― influence future reviews while simple dispersion does not. We show that high levels of disagreement among previously posted reviews lead to more future product reviews, a relationship that is moderated by informational content such that higher informational content amplifies the effect. Further, we show that increased disagreement leads to future reviews of lower valence. Our findings highlight that an important role for research on big data in information systems is to examine how existing measurement approaches and interpretations can be improved by fully leveraging the richness that digital trace data offers.
Decommissioning of Commercial Shallow-Land Burial Sites

This paper describes the results of a study to conceptually decommission commercial low-level waste (LLW) burial grounds.1 The study was sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to provide information on the available technology, the safety considerations, and the probable costs of decommissioning LLW burial grounds after waste emplacement operations are terminated. This information is intended for use as background data in the development of regulations pertaining to decommissioning activities. It is also intended for use by regulatory agencies and site operators in developing improved waste burial and site maintenance procedures at operating burial grounds.
Negativation of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and insulin in children treated with oral calcitriol.

Background Based on recent knowledge of the possible involvement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the results of its administration in animal models, we conducted a clinical trial by treating high-risk children, positive for T1D autoantibodies, with oral calcitriol. Methods The present prospective trial was performed on 12 children (1.5–13 years old) who were investigated for the potential risk of T1D because of an already diagnosed association of celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis (four girls), autoimmune thyroiditis at a very young age (two girls, two boys), a diagnosis of T1D in siblings (two boys), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; one boy, one girl). Serum autoantibody levels, including islet cell autoantibodies, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65, insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and anti-tyrosine phosphatase, and markers of calcium metabolism were evaluated prior to and at 6-monthly intervals after the initiation of 0.25 μg/day calcitriol for 1–3 years. Results In all children, persistent negativation of the anti-GAD65 antibodies and IAA was observed within 0.4–2.1 years. Of the two children with IGT, the boy proved to have maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 2, whereas the glycemic profile was normalized in the girl. Conclusions Despite the small number of subjects and the absence of a control group in the present study, 0.25 μg/day calcitriol effectively negativates anti-GAD65 antibodies and IAA after a median time of 6 months. This simple, safe, and low-cost strategy may prove effective in the prevention of T1D in the future. 摘要 背景 基于最近对1,25-二羟维生素D在1型糖尿病（T1D）发病机制中地位的认识以及动物模型给予1,25-二羟维生素D治疗的结果，我们进行了一项临床试验，对T1D自身抗体阳性的高风险儿童给予口服骨化三醇进行预防治疗。 方法 这项前瞩性的试验是在12名儿童（1.5–13岁）中进行的，经过调查发现他们有发生T1D的潜在风险，因为有4名女孩已经被诊断为乳糜泻以及自身免疫性甲状腺炎，有2名女孩与2名男孩在非常小的时候被诊断为自身免疫性甲状腺炎，有2名男孩的同胞被诊断为T1D，有1名女孩与1名男孩被诊断为葡萄糖耐量受损（IGT）。在使用0.25 µg/日的骨化三醇治疗之前以及治疗1-3年期间每隔6个月评估血清中的自身抗体水平，包括胰岛细胞自身抗体、抗谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）65抗体、胰岛素自身抗体（IAA）与抗酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体，以及钙代谢标志物水平。 结果 所有的儿童中，在0.4–2.1年之内，可观察到抗GAD65抗体与IAA持续阴性。在2名IGT儿童中，男孩被证实为青少年发病的成年型糖尿病（MODY 2型），而女孩的血糖谱正常了。 结论 尽管本研究的受试者数量较少并且缺乏对照组，但是经过中位数时间为6个月的骨化三醇0.25 µg/日的治疗后可以有效地维持抗GAD65抗体与IAA阴性。这种简单、安全并且花费较低的治疗策略在将来有可能会被证实能够有效地预防T1D。
Subluxating Biceps Femoris Tendon: An Unusual Case of Lateral Knee Pain in a Soccer Athlete A Case Report

Symptomatic snapping of tendons about the knee is an unusual phenomenon. We describe a patient with lateral knee pain caused by subluxation of the long head of the biceps femoris over a prominent fibular head. A partial fibular head resection led to resolution of the patient's symptoms and his ability to return to sporting activities.
Avaliação da concessao legal de poder da escola de medicina da Universidade de Stanford: usando um amigo critico para melhorar a experiencia na residencia

Empowerment evaluation was adopted by Stanford University's School of Medicine to engage in curricular reform. It was also used to prepare for an accreditation site visit. Empowerment evaluation is a guided form of self-evaluation. It was selected because the principles and practices of empowerment evaluation resonated with the collaborative and participatory nature of the curricular reform in the School. This article highlights one of the most important features of an empowerment evaluation: a critical friend. This individual has evaluation expertise but serves as a coach, advisor, or guide, rather than "the expert". The evaluation is in the hands of the people in the program, but a critical friend helps to keep it on track and rigorous. As one indication of the importance of this role, student ratings on selected clerkship rotations, where a critical friend was requested to respond to student concerns, resulted in significant increases in student ratings.
Dynamics of Ultracold Polar Molecules in a Thin Wire Electrostatic Trap (TWIST)

Improvement in the lifetime of electrostatically trapped and deeply bound, polar NaCs molecules in the X1? state is achieved. Studies of optical and inter-species interactions occurring in the TWIST are presented.
Structure Specific Analysis of the Hippocampus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The hippocampus is a major structure of interest affected by temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis has traditionally been used to study hippocampal involvement in TLE, although spatial variation of structural and functional pathology have been known to exist within the ROI. In this article, structure-specific analysis (Yushkevich et al. (2007) Neuroimage 35:1516-1530) is applied to the study of both structure and function in TLE patients. This method- ology takes into account information about the spatial correspondence of voxels within ROIs on left and right sides of the same subject as well as between subjects. Hippocampal thickness is studied as a measure of structural integrity, and functional activation in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in which subjects performed a memory encoding task is studied as a measure of functional integrity. Pronounced disease-related decrease in thickness is found in posterior and anterior hippocampus. A region in the body also shows increased thickness in patients' healthy hippocampi compared with controls. Func- tional activation in diseased hippocampi is reduced in the body region compared to controls, whereas a region in the tail showing greater right-lateralized activation in controls also shows greater activation in healthy hippocampi compared with the diseased side in patients. Sum- mary measurements generated by integrating quantities of interest over the entire hippocampus can also be used, as is done in conventional ROI analysis. V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A calculation of the level spectrum of O18 from the free two-nucleon potential

Abstract The two-neutron binding energy and excitation spectrum of O 18 are computed using the free nucleon-nucleon potential of Brueckner-Gammel-Thaler (which contains a hard core). The problem is discussed within the framework of the Bethe-Goldstone theory using harmonic oscillator wave functions as the unperturbed solutions. The interaction is diagonalized among the degenerate states and matrix elements are computed by a transformation to relative and center-of-mass coordinates. The energies in relative s -states are obtained by a numerical integration of the relative s -wave Schrodinger equation and then corrected for the presence of the filled levels. The ordering of the first five states of O 18 is given correctly and the binding energy and level spacings are quite close to the experimental values.