cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RoleCast: finding missing security checks when you do not know what checks are

Web applications written in languages such as PHP and JSP are notoriously vulnerable to accidentally omitted authorization checks and other security bugs. Existing techniques that find missing security checks in library and system code assume that (1) security checks can be recognized syntactically and (2) the same pattern of checks applies universally to all programs. These assumptions do not hold for Web applications. Each Web application uses different variables and logic to check the user's permissions. Even within the application, security logic varies based on the user's role, e.g., regular users versus administrators. This paper describes ROLECAST, the first system capable of statically identifying security logic that mediates security-sensitive events (such as database writes) in Web applications, rather than taking a specification of this logic as input. We observe a consistent software engineering pattern-the code that implements distinct user role functionality and its security logic resides in distinct methods and files-and develop a novel algorithm for discovering this pattern in Web applications. Our algorithm partitions the set of file contexts (a coarsening of calling contexts) on which security-sensitive events are control dependent into roles. Roles are based on common functionality and security logic. ROLECAST identifies security-critical variables and applies rolespecific variable consistency analysis to find missing security checks. ROLECAST discovered 13 previously unreported, remotely exploitable vulnerabilities in 11 substantial PHP and JSP applications, with only 3 false positives.This paper demonstrates that (1) accurate inference of application- and role-specific security logic improves the security of Web applications without specifications, and (2) static analysis can discover security logic automatically by exploiting distinctive software engineering features.
Junction like behavior in polycrystalline diamond films

Abstract We have successfully fabricated polycrystalline diamond rectifying junction devices on n-type (1 0 0) silicon substrates by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) using methane/hydrogen process gas and trimethyl borate and trimethyl phosphite dissolved in acetone as p- and n-type dopants, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy and current–voltage analysis indicates that the conduction is vertical down the grains and facets and not due to surface effects. Electrical characteristics were analyzed with In and Ti/Au top metal contacts with Al as the substrate contact. Current–voltage characteristics as a function of temperature showed barrier potentials of 1.1 eV and 0.77 eV for the In and Ti/Au contacts, respectively. Barrier heights of 4.8 eV (In) and 4.4 eV (Ti/Au) were obtained from capacitance–voltage measurements.
New insights into protein-DNA interactions obtained by electron microscopy.

The electron microscopic study of DNA-protein complexes can yield valuable information that is often not easily available by other methods. In this article we give a number of examples that were chosen to illustrate the utility of electron microscopy. Along with the strategy used are protocols that allow such experiments to be carried out. The first example employs the following strategy. Points of close proximity between nucleic acid and protein within a bacteriophage or virus are made permanent by crosslinking. Bacteriophage or virus are then partially disrupted so that individual components can be visualized. With bacteriophages, such experiments show which DNA end first enters the host on infection and therefore can in principle indicate which phage genes would be first available for transcription. This type of experiment can also show which DNA end is first to be encapsulated during formation of the bacteriophage. Information on direction of encapsulation and indirectly, direction of replication of the rolling circles that lead to concatermeric DNA to be encapsulated, can also be derived. Such experiments can additionally accuratel define the degree of DNA permutation, if present, within a bacteriophage population. Finally, examples are shown for in vitro reactions involving DNA, RecA, RecO, RecF, RecR, and SSB that lead to a further understanding of recombinational repair. Additionally antibody-gold labeling is used to locate various proteins in such complexes.
Seasoned Equity Issuers’ R&D Investments: Signaling or Over-Optimism

It is well-known that investors often react negatively to the announcements of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We posit that issuers can use positive discretionary (higher-than-expected) RD these issuers are more likely to use new capital in future RD and they produce better post-SEO operating performance. In contrast, we find some evidence of managerial over-optimism among low-tech issuers: Investors tend to penalize low-tech firms with positive discretionary RD they are more likely to hold new capital as cash; and they fail to produce better post-SEO operating performance.
Characterization of a type II'o group A streptococcal immunoglobulin-binding protein.

Abstract The opacity factor positive M type 2 group A streptococcal isolate, A207, expresses a unique functional type II'o IgG-binding protein which reacts with all four human IgG subclasses and rabbit IgG. In order to determine the gene product or products responsible for this activity, three genes of the vir regulon from this isolate were cloned, expressed and analysed. The fcrA 2 gene coded for a protein binding human IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 but not IgG3. The enn 2 gene coded for a protein reacting exclusively with human IgA, while the emmL 2 gene product bound IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 as well as rabbit but not horse or pig IgG. The IgG3-binding activity of the EmmL2 protein was functionally indistinguishable from the Form 1 IgG3-binding activity present in heat extracts of group A isolate A207.
Electrochemical deposition and characterization of carboxylic acid functionalized PEDOT copolymers

Conjugated polymer films are of considerable current interest for functionalizing the surfaces of a wide variety of devices including implantable biomedical electronics. Toward these ends, copolymer films of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with a carboxylic acid functional EDOT (EDOTacid) were electrochemically deposited and characterized as a systematic function of the EDOTacid content (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Chemical surface characterization of the films confirmed the presence of both EDOT and EDOTacid units. Toluidene blue assays showed that the surface concentration of the carboxylic acid groups increased to a maximum of 2.75 nmoles/mm2, and the contact angle measurements confirmed the increased hydrophilicity of the films with increasing EDOTacid content (decreasing from 52.6 to 32.5 degrees). Cyclic voltammetry showed that the films had comparable charge storage capacities regardless of their composition. The morphology of the films varied depending on the monomer feed ratio. The addition of EDOTacid induced a transition from a nodular, porous surface to a more dense, pleated surface structure. These methods provide a facile means for synthesizing electrically active carboxylic acid functional poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) copolymer films with tunable hydrophilicity and surface morphologies.
How the Cervix Shortens An Anatomic Study Using 3-Dimensional Transperineal Sonography and Image Registration in Singletons and Twins

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to use a fixed reference to study movement (displacement) of the cervical internal os from the second to the third trimester in singletons and twins. The rationale was to gain insight into anatomic changes associated with cervical shortening. METHODS For each patient, 2 transperineal scans were performed 12 weeks apart (20 and 32 weeks). The internal os and symphysis pubis were visualized in the same field of view. Image registration techniques were used to align the 2 scans using the symphysis as a fixed reference. Total displacement, anterior displacement, and inferior displacement of the internal os were measured. Displacements were correlated with cervical shortening. Bland-Altman plots and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS A total of 42 healthy participants were studied: 28 with singletons and 14 with twins. The mean ± SD values for total displacement were 2.1 ± 1.2 and 2.0 ± 1.2 cm for singletons and twins, respectively (P = .75). The direction of displacement was significantly different. The mean anterior displacement was 1.1 cm greater for singletons than for twins (95% confidence interval, 0.29-2.0 cm, P = .01). Mean inferior displacement was 1.3 cm greater for twins than for singletons (95% confidence interval, 2.2-0.1 cm; P = .03). Only inferior displacement correlated with cervical shortening (P < .001; R(2) = 0.74). For every 2.2 cm of inferior displacement, the cervix shortened 1.0 cm. Assessments of reliability showed good agreement between 2 observers. CONCLUSIONS The anatomic position of the internal cervical os depends on gestational age and fetal number. Cervical shortening correlated most strongly with inferior displacement.
A sketch image retrieval system using directional projection: DPSIR

For sketch-based retrieval of images, characterization and comparison of the geometrical structure (shape) information is of great importance. In this paper, a directional-projection-based sketch image retrieval system (DPSIR) is proposed. In the DPSIR system, efficient filter banks are adopted to decompose the image into directional subbands in order to capture edges at different orientations. Through projection of each subband into a pair of orthogonal profiles, the shape information is compactly captured by identifying the structure of each one-dimensional projection profile. By comparing the projection profiles of the sketched image with those in an image database, a set of images with shapes similar to the sketched images are retrieved. Experiments using the DPSIR system on an MPEG-7 shape database yield high retrieval rates.
18F-AFETP, 18F-FET, and 18F-FDG imaging of mouse DBT gliomas.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the 18F-labeled nonnatural amino acid (S)-2-amino-3-[1-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-yl]propanoic acid (18F-AFETP) as a PET imaging agent for brain tumors and to compare its effectiveness with the more-established tracers O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) and 18F-FDG in a murine model of glioblastoma. The tracer 18F-AFETP is a structural analog of histidine and is a lead compound for imaging cationic amino acid transport, a relatively unexplored target for oncologic imaging. Methods:18F-AFETP was prepared using the click reaction. BALB/c mice with intracranially implanted delayed brain tumor (DBT) gliomas (n = 4) underwent biodistribution and dynamic small-animal PET imaging for 60 min after intravenous injection of 18F-AFETP. Tumor and brain uptake of 18F-AFETP were compared with those of 18F-FDG and 18F-FET through small-animal PET analyses. Results:18F-AFETP demonstrated focally increased uptake in tumors with good visualization. Peak tumor uptake occurred within 10 min of injection, with stable or gradual decrease over time. All 3 tracers demonstrated relatively high uptake in the DBTs throughout the study. At late time points (47.5–57.5 min after injection), the average standardized uptake value with 18F-FDG (1.9 ± 0.1) was significantly greater than with 18F-FET (1.1 ± 0.1) and 18F-AFETP (0.7 ± 0.2). The uptake also differed substantially in normal brain, with significant differences in the standardized uptake values at late times among 18F-FDG (1.5 ± 0.2), 18F-FET (0.5 ± 0.05), and 18F-AFETP (0.1 ± 0.04). The resulting average tumor-to-brain ratio at the late time points was significantly higher for 18F-AFETP (7.5 ± 0.1) than for 18F-FDG (1.3 ± 0.1) and 18F-FET (2.0 ± 0.3). Conclusion:18F-AFETP is a promising brain tumor imaging agent, providing rapid and persistent tumor visualization, with good tumor–to–normal-brain ratios in the DBT glioma model. High tumor-to-brain, tumor-to-muscle, and tumor-to-blood ratios were observed at 30 and 60 min after injection, with higher tumor-to-brain ratios than obtained with 18F-FET or 18F-FDG. These results support further development and evaluation of 18F-AFETP and its derivatives for tumor imaging.
Energy-aware communication and task scheduling for network-on-chip architectures under real-time constraints

In this paper, we present a novel energy-aware scheduling (EAS) algorithm which statically schedules both communication transactions and computation tasks onto heterogeneous network-on-chip (NoC) architectures under real-time constraints. Our algorithm automatically assigns tasks onto different processing elements and then schedules their execution. At the same time, the algorithm also takes into consideration the exact communication delay by scheduling communication transactions in parallel. As the main contribution, we first formulate the problem of concurrent communication and task scheduling for heterogeneous NoC architectures and then propose an efficient heuristic to solve it. Experimental results show that significant energy savings can be achieved by using our energy-aware scheduler while meeting the specified performance constraints. For instance, for a complex multimedia application, 44% energy savings have been observed, on average, compared to the schedules generated by a standard earliest-deadline-first scheduler.
Regulating firing rate of networks of pyramidal cells

Abstract In a minimal network model consisting of two pyramidal cells and one interneuron, we show how excitation and inhibition cooperate to produce firing rate changes in pyramidal cells that are consistent with observed place cell firing in region CA3 of the hippocampus. We show that inhibition from a common interneuron can synchronize networks of pyramidal cells with no direct connections. Moreover, recurrent excitation together with common inhibition can modulate burst profiles of synchronously firing cells from complex bursts to bursts with multiple spike to single spikes.
QTc Prolongation Associated with Combination Therapy of Levofloxacin, Imipramine, and Fluoxetine

OBJECTIVE:To report QTc interval prolongation associated with combination therapy including levofloxacin, imipramine, and fluoxetine.CASE SUMMARY:A 49-year-old white female presented to the emergency department with fever, aches, and pains for the past 3 days. She was diagnosed and treated for pyelonephritis in the hospital. Therapy included intravenous levofloxacin 500 mg every 24 hours and ceftriaxone 2 g every 24 hours, along with her medications upon admission, including imipramine 50 mg at bedtime and fluoxetine 10 mg/day. She was discharged after 5 days and returned the next day with chest tightness and shortness of breath. Upon the second admission, a 12-lead electrocardiogram showed a QTc interval of 509 msec. Levofloxacin was discontinued and the QTc interval fell to 403 msec. The patient was discharged 3 days later and instructed to consult with her primary care physician about discontinuing imipramine.DISCUSSION:This adverse drug reaction is thought to be a pharmacodynamic additive effect among...
`Remembrance of Things Past': Perceptions of Marital Love from its Beginnings to the Present

How do married men and women remember their love for their spouse at the beginning of the relationship before marriage and how do they currently perceive their marital love? A total of 581 middle-aged adults, 44 to 47 years old, married an average of 18 years, was surveyed regarding four types of love (Eros, Ludus, Friendship-based Love and Agape) at two relationship stages-retrospectively, at the beginning of the love relationship with their current spouse and currently in the marriage. Findings showed that the perceived strength of erotic and ludic love was higher at the beginning than it was currently for both men and women, and the perceived strength of agapic love was higher currently than it was thought to have been at the beginning, but only for men. The perceived degree of Friendship-based Love (FBL) remained the same across stages. Results also indicated that men and women differed in love experiences to a greater extent at the beginning of the relationship than currently. Most importantly, chang...
Competititon and Efficiency in Congested Markets

We study the efficiency of oligopoly equilibria in congested markets. The motivating examples are the allocation of network flows in a communication network or of traffic in a transportation network. We show that increasing competition among oligopolists can reduce efficiency, measured as the difference between users' willingness to pay and delay costs. We characterize a tight bound of 5/6 on efficiency in pure strategy equilibria when there is zero latency at zero flow and a tight bound of 2√2-2 with positive latency at zero flow. These bounds are tight even when the numbers of routes and oligopolists are arbitrarily large.
A study of chromatin diminution in Ascaris and Ephestia

The process of ‘chromatin diminution’ may be said to be a casting off of chromatic material from the chromosomes earlier or later in the course of mitosis. A study of the phenomenon as it occurs in Ephestia and Ascaris shows it to be comparable in only the broadest and most general sense. In Ephestia the diminution substance is not formed in the nucleus, but is due to a later differentiation of the chromosomes long after their discharge from the nucleus. This can be made apparent by the use of differential stains and by other methods. In Ascaris diminution is found not to occur until the third cleavage, and then in all three cells that are destined to be somatic. The diminution process in this instance is apparently comparable to the casting out of residual substance which occurs when the nuclear vesicle breaks down in other cells.
Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers in Mice

We describe a method termed MADM (mosaic analysis with double markers) in mice that allows simultaneous labeling and gene knockout in clones of somatic cells or isolated single cells in vivo. Two reciprocally chimeric genes, each containing the N terminus of one marker and the C terminus of the other marker interrupted by a loxP-containing intron, are knocked in at identical locations on homologous chromosomes. Functional expression of markers requires Cre-mediated interchromosomal recombination. MADM reveals that interchromosomal recombination can be induced efficiently in vivo in both mitotic and postmitotic cells in all tissues examined. It can be used to create conditional knockouts in small populations of labeled cells, to determine cell lineage, and to trace neuronal connections. To illustrate the utility of MADM, we show that cerebellar granule cell progenitors are fated at an early stage to produce granule cells with axonal projections limited to specific sublayers of the cerebellar cortex.
Analysis of source policy in rate-controlled ATM networks

Broadband packet networks based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are enabling the integration of traffic with a wide range of characteristics within a single communication network. This paper provides an analysis of the source policy behavior in the rate-based congestion control framework being developed by the ATM Forum and derives approximate analytical closed-form expressions to describe the rate-increase process. These approximations are used to analyze the impact of the source algorithm on the TCP slow-start process operating over a rate-controlled ATM network where rate allocation is performed explicitly in the switches. The results show that the increase in TCP congestion window ramp-up time is noticeable when the round-trip delay is small. The results are verified by simulation.
Non-invasive methods for estradiol recovery from infant fecal samples.

While the activation of the infant hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the existence of a postnatal gonadotrophin surge were first documented in the early 1970s, study of the longitudinal development of gonadal hormones in infancy, and the potential physiological and behavioral correlates of this development, have been hampered by reliance on infrequent serum sampling. The present study reports the validation of a noninvasive method for repeated assessment of steroid hormones in infant fecal samples. Fecal samples were collected in, and excised from cotton diaper liners, and extracted using methanol. Extracts were analyzed for estradiol using a diluted assay modification. Method validity was supported by a steroid recovery rate of at least 80%, a sensitivity of 0.35 pg/ml, and inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variations of less than 10% and 20%, respectively. Variation in estradiol concentration was assessed across (1) sample type (scraped vs. cut from diaper liner), (2) time of day (morning vs. afternoon/evening samples), (3) time interval between samples and (4) time to assay (1 day vs. 489 days after collection). Of these characteristics, only the time interval between samples within an individual was significantly associated with estradiol concentration. This is the first report of human infant fecal estradiol levels. The results support fecal recovery as a novel and powerful noninvasive tool for longitudinal studies of human infants, expanding research opportunities for investigating development of sex-specific behaviors in infancy, and the potential effects of endocrine disruptors on development.
Is Physical Evidence Still Valid? A Study of Low Cost Carriers in Indonesia

Physical evidence has been widely accepted as variable that has impact on satisfaction, specifically in airline service. However, this study showed some opposite result for low cost airlines in Indonesia. It revealed that physical evidence has no effect on the passengers’ satisfaction but the fares and its service quality to passengers.’ This study collected sample of 317 passengers from commercial domestic flights at terminal 1, 2, and 3 at Soekarno Hatta airport in Cengkareng, Indonesia. The variables used in this study were: fares, service quality, physical evidence, passengers’ satisfaction levels and repeat buying. Two variables, i.e.: service quality and physical evidence were treated as second order. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for verification analysis. The result revealed that there was no effect of physical evidence on the passengers’ satisfaction. It also found that repeat buying demonstrated the passengers’ satisfaction.
History of Subsection Cc: Insect Vectors in Relation to Plant Diseases

Subsection Cc has enjoyed a constant dedication from its members since the formation of the group in 1953. This subsection, like others, was formed after the amalgamation of ESA and AAEE from a group of scientists with a common interest in the study of insect vectors of plant pathogens. Although the subsection as it now is known was sanctioned in 1954, vector researchers were conducting research and meeting at a much earlier date.
The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1848–1898

The key scene in Lisa Tetrault's The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1848–1898 appears in her epilogue. After amassing 50 years’ worth of documents to create the fir...
A Semantic-based Approach for Exploring Consumer Health Questions Using UMLS.

NetWellness is a non-profit web service providing high quality health information. It has been in operation since 1995 with over 13 million visits per year by consumers across the world in recent years. Consumer questions in NetWellness have been answered by medical and health professional faculties at three Ohio partner universities: Case Western Reserve University, the Ohio State University, and University of Cincinnati. However, the resident interface in NetWellness is ineffective in searching existing questions that have already been carefully answered by experts in an easy-to-understand manner. In our previous work, we presented a Conjunctive Exploratory Navigation Interface (CENI) reusing NetWellness’ 120 pre-defined health topics in assisting question retrieval. This paper presents a novel semantic-based search interface called Semantic Conjunctive Exploratory Navigation Interface (SCENI), using UMLS concepts as topics. 60,000 questions were tagged by UMLS Concept Unique Identifies (CUIs), with each question allowing multiple possible tags. Using a slightly modified 5-point Likert scale for relevance, SCENI reveals improved precision and relevance (precision: 93.47%, relevance: 4.31) in comparison to CENI using NetWellness’ pre-defined topics alone (precision: 77.85%, relevance: 3.3) and NetWellness’ resident search interface (precision: 50.62%, relevance: 1.97), on a set of sample queries.
Limited versus total epithelial debridement ocular surface injury: Live fluorescence imaging of hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in Prox1-GFP/Flk1::Myr-mCherry mice

Abstract Background Immunohistochemical staining experiments have shown that both hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis occur following severe corneal and conjunctival injury and that the neovascularization of the cornea often has severe visual consequences. To better understand how hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are induced by different degrees of ocular injury, we investigated patterns of injury-induced corneal neovascularization in live Prox1-GFP/Flk1::myr-mCherry mice, in which blood and lymphatic vessels can be imaged simultaneously in vivo. Methods The eyes of Prox1-GFP/Flk1::myr-mCherry mice were injured according to four models based on epithelial debridement of the: A) central cornea (a 1.5-mm-diameter circle of tissue over the corneal apex), B) total cornea, C) bulbar conjunctiva, and D) cornea + bulbar conjunctiva. Corneal blood and lymphatic vessels were imaged on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 post-injury, and the percentages of the cornea containing blood and lymphatic vessels were calculated. Results Neither central corneal nor bulbar conjunctival debridement resulted in significant vessel growth in the mouse cornea, whereas total corneal and corneal + bulbar conjunctival debridement did. On day 10 in the central cornea, total cornea, bulbar conjunctiva, and corneal + bulbar conjunctival epithelial debridement models, the percentage of the corneal surface that was occupied by blood vessels (hemangiogenesis) was 1.9 ± 0.8%, 7.14 ± 2.4%, 2.29 ± 1%, and 15.05 ± 2.14%, respectively, and the percentage of the corneal surface that was occupied by lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) was 2.45 ± 1.51%, 4.85 ± 0.95%, 2.95 ± 1.27%, and 4.15 ± 3.85%, respectively. Conclusions Substantial corneal debridement was required to induce corneal neovascularization in the mouse cornea, and the corneal epithelium may therefore be partially responsible for maintaining corneal avascularity. General significance Our study demonstrates that GFP/Flk1::myr-mCherry mice are a useful model for studying coordinated hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses.
Reality approximated, external and internal

Some of Heinz Hartmann's theoretical formulations concerning the adaptive functions of the ego are described as they apply to the case of a patient analyzed between the ages of five and eight. This boy, vulnerable because of prematurity, was born at twenty-six weeks weighing 2.7 pounds and remained in the hospital newborn unit for sixty-six days. Difficulties and vulnerabilities resulting from this experience are discussed as they appeared in the analysis.
Role of Retinoic Acid-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s, CYP26, in Inflammation and Cancer

Vitamin A (retinol) and its active metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), play critical roles in regulating the differentiation, growth, and migration of immune cells. Similarly, as critical signaling molecules in the regulation of the cell cycle, retinoids are important in cancers. Concentrations of atRA are tightly regulated in tissues, predominantly by the availability of retinol, synthesis of atRA by ALDH1A enzymes and metabolism and clearance of atRA by CYP26 enzymes. The ALDH1A and CYP26 enzymes are expressed in several cell types in the immune system and in cancer cells. In the immune system, the ALDH1A and CYP26 enzymes appear to modulate RA concentrations. Consequently, alterations in the activity of ALDH1A and CYP26 enzymes are expected to change disease outcomes in inflammation. There is increasing evidence from various disease models of intestinal and skin inflammation that treatment with atRA has a positive effect on disease markers. However, whether aberrant atRA concentrations or atRA synthesis and metabolism play a role in inflammatory disease development and progression is not well understood. In cancers, especially in acute promyelocytic leukemia and neuroblastoma, increasing intracellular concentrations of atRA appears to provide clinical benefit. Inhibition of the CYP26 enzymes to increase atRA concentrations and combat therapy resistance has been pursued as a drug target in these cancers. This chapter covers the current knowledge of how atRA and retinol regulate the immune system and inflammation, how retinol and atRA metabolism is altered in inflammation and cancer, and what roles atRA-metabolizing enzymes have in immune responses and cancers.
Trajectories of nonmedical use of prescription opioids among adolescents in primary care

AbstractBackground: Rise in nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) is an emerging public health problem in adolescents. To better understand risk factors for NMUPO and patterns of use over time, we examined trajectories of NMUPO among a sample of adolescents who presented to primary care clinics.Methods: Data were from 1076 adolescents ages 12–18, primarily African–American (62.6%) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Data were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to empirically distinguish trajectory patterns of NMUPO over one year.Results: Trajectory analysis identified the following three NMUPO groups: nonusers (n = 969), decreasing users (n = 63) and high-sustained users (n = 44). Bivariate analyses showed African–American race was more common in nonusers (65%, N = 630) than in decreasing (41%, N = 26) and sustained users (41%, N = 18). All substance use and all other risk factors, except for lower class grades and less participation in scho...
In vitro toxicology studies of extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released from cells into the extracellular environment. There is emerging interest in the use of EVs as potential therapeutic interventions. We sought to evaluate the safety of EVs that may be therapeutically used by performing in vitro toxicological assessments. EVs were obtained from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EV) or from bovine milk (BM-EV) by differential ultracentrifugation, and quantitated using nanoparticle tracking analysis. Genotoxic effects, hematological effects, immunological effects and endotoxin production were evaluated at two dose levels. Neither MSC-EVs nor BM-EVs elicited detectable genotoxic effects using either the alkaline comet assay or micronucleus assay. Hemolysis was observed with BM-EVs but not with MSC-EVs. MSC-EVs did not have any significant effect on either spontaneous or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In contrast, BM-EVs were noted to increase collagen-induced platelet aggregation, even though no spontaneous increase in platelet aggregation was noted. Both types of EVs induced leukocyte proliferation, which was greater with BM-EV. Neither MSC-EVs nor BM-EVs induced HL-60 phagocytosis, although BM-EVs decreased zymosan-induced phagocytosis. Furthermore, neither MSC-EVs nor BM-EVs induced nitric oxide production. Unlike MSC-EVs, BM-EVs tested positive for endotoxin and induced complement activation. There are significant differences in toxicological profiles between MSC-EVs and BM-EVs that may reflect variations in techniques for EV isolation, EV content or cross-species differences. The safety of MSC-EV supports their use for disease therapeutics, whereas detailed safety and toxicological assessment will be necessary before the use of BM-EVs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent Leisure from a Developmental and Prevention Perspective

This chapter will examine adolescent leisure from a prevention perspective and will cover two main topics. First, we will address the paradox of how leisure may contribute to adolescent development, health, and well-being but how it also may be a context for risk behavior. Next, we will address the need for leisure education as a means to promote development, health, and well-being and prevent risk behavior. In addressing these two broad topics, we will review current literature and suggest where gaps in knowledge currently exist.
Implications and Conclusions

This chapter provides a summary of all findings along with the implications for our understanding of illicit markets operating on- and off-line. The stolen data markets examined here are similar in many respects to the other markets, such as those for stolen goods or drugs. There is one key difference that the nature of market precludes the buyers from inspecting the products and/or punishing sellers for non-working data. The policies to address the stolen data markets include collaboration between various law enforcement entities across jurisdictional lines, improved awareness of identity theft risks, and improvements in the reporting mechanisms for this form of criminality. Finally, there are certain limitations to this study, including that this is a snapshot of a selected number of forums at a given point in time. Future research will need to expand our understanding of how the stolen data markets evolve over time.
Mozart Effect on Seizure Activity in The EEG

The “Mozart Effect” on epileptiform activity in the EEG of 29 patients, ages 3-47 years, was investigated using brain maps and computerized analyses at the University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Molecular Engineering of Monoterpene Production

The terpenoids (often referred to as isoprenoids) constitute the largest group of natural products, with more than 22, 000 individual structures now known (1). They are all derived from the sequential addition of branched, five-carbon isopentenoid (isoprenoid) units, and range in size from isoprene (C5H8) to natural rubber (molecular weight greater than 106). In plants, the terpenoids and meroterpenoids (in which the terpenoid comprises a part of a larger molecule) play a broad range of metabolic and physiological roles, for example in photosynthesis (chlorophyll side chains, carotenoids, phylloquinones, plastoquinones), respiration (ubiquinone), cell membrane architecture (sterols), regulation of growth and development (gibberellins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids), defense mechanisms (as phytoalexins, insect feeding and oviposition deterrents, competitive phytotoxins), and reproduction (as attractants of pollinators and seed dispersing animals). Additionally, isoprenylation of proteins by addition of a C15 or C20 olefinic chain provides a means of membrane anchoring, for example of cell cycle-regulating proteins. In this chapter, we focus on one family of industrially and agronomically significant plant terpenoids, the monoterpenes, and on the potential for the molecular genetic manipulation of the biosynthesis of this group of C10 compounds formed by the head-to-tail condensation of two isoprenoid units.
Control with actuation anticipation

Reachability traditionally thinks about the controllability Grammian of a system, i.e. the actuation vectors as they pass through the plant dynamics. This perspective depends on fully knowing the future plant dynamics even as we apply controls in the present, since the ability to plan is important for control.
Observation of topological valley modes in an elastic hexagonal lattice

We report on the experimental observation of topologically protected edge waves in a two-dimensional elastic hexagonal lattice. The lattice is designed to feature $K$-point Dirac cones that are well separated from the other numerous elastic wave modes characterizing this continuous structure. We exploit the arrangement of localized masses at the nodes to break mirror symmetry at the unit-cell level, which opens a frequency band gap. This produces a nontrivial band structure that supports topologically protected edge states along the interface between two realizations of the lattice obtained through mirror symmetry. Detailed numerical models support the investigations of the occurrence of the edge states, while their existence is verified through full-field experimental measurements. The test results show the confinement of the topologically protected edge states along predefined interfaces and illustrate the lack of significant backscattering at sharp corners. Experiments conducted on a trivial waveguide in an otherwise uniformly periodic lattice reveal the inability of a perturbation to propagate and its sensitivity to backscattering, which suggests the superior waveguiding performance of the class of nontrivial interfaces investigated herein.
The Assessment of Transferable Skills in a Campus Recreation Program: An Exploratory Case Study on how Professionals Teach and how Student Employees Learn:

Recently, two leading organizations on student experiences in colleges and universities (i.e., NACA and NIRSA) issued a call for increased scholarship in the area of transferable work skills (ident...
SoK: Keylogging Side Channels

The first keylogging side channel attack was discovered over 50 years ago when Bell Laboratory researchers noticed an electromagnetic spike emanating from a Bell 131-B2 teletype terminal. This spike, emitted upon each key press, enabled up to 75% of plaintext communications to be recovered in field conditions. Since then, keylogging attacks have come to leverage side channels emanating from the user's finger and hand movements, countless keyboard electromagnetic and acoustic emanations, microarchitectural attacks on the host computer, and encrypted network traffic. These attacks can each be characterized by the type of information the side channel leaks: a spatial side channel reveals physical key locations or the similarity between key pairs, and a temporal side channel leverages key press and release timings. We define and evaluate the performance of idealized spatial and temporal keylogging side channels and find that, under the assumption of typing English words, nontrivial information gains can be achieved even in the presence of substantial measurement error. For temporal side channels, we find that the information gained by different temporal features strongly correlates to typing speed and style. Finally, to help drive future research, we review the current state-of-the-art keylogging side channel attacks and discuss some of the mitigation techniques that can be applied.
Survey of potential receptivity to robotic-assisted exercise coaching in a diverse sample of smokers and nonsmokers

A prior project found that an intensive (12 weeks, thrice weekly sessions) in-person, supervised, exercise coaching intervention was effective for smoking cessation among depressed women smokers. However, the sample was 90% White and of high socioeconomic status, and the intensity of the intervention limits its reach. One approach to intervention scalability is to deliver the supervised exercise coaching using a robotic human exercise trainer. This is done in real time via an iPad tablet placed on a mobile robotic wheel base and controlled remotely by an iOS device or computer. As an initial step, this preliminary study surveyed potential receptivity to a robotic-assisted exercise coaching intervention among 100 adults recruited in two community settings, and explored the association of technology acceptance scores with smoking status and other demographics. Participants watched a brief demonstration of the robot-delivered exercise coaching and completed a 19-item survey assessing socio-demographics and technology receptivity measured by the 8-item Technology Acceptance Scale (TAS). Open-ended written feedback was obtained, and content analysis was used to derive themes from these data. Respondents were: 40% female, 56% unemployed, 41% racial minority, 38% current smoker, and 58% depression history. Mean total TAS score was 34.0 (SD = 5.5) of possible 40, indicating overall very good receptivity to the robotic-assisted exercise intervention concept. Racial minorities and unemployed participants reported greater technology acceptance than White (p = 0.015) and employed (p<0.001) respondents. No association was detected between the TAS score and smoking status, depression, gender or age groups. Qualitative feedback indicated the robot was perceived as a novel, motivating, way to increase intervention reach and accessibility, and the wave of the future. Robotic technology has potential applicability for exercise coaching in a broad range of populations, including depressed smokers. Our next step will be to conduct a pilot trial to assess acceptability and potential efficacy of the robotic-assisted exercise coaching intervention for smoking cessation.
Defect Passivation and Photoconduction in Sputtered a-Ge:H

Studies of reactively sputtered a-Ge:H show that the dangling bond density measured by optical absorption and electron spin resonance decreases exponentially with increasing hydrogen partial pressure. The magnitude of steady-state photoconductivity is inversely related to defect density in materials deposited or annealed above 350K, indicating that photoconduction is limited by defect mediated recombination. Materials prepared at lower temperatures are poor photoconductors despite low defect density. A residual mid-gap optical absorption of ~ 10 cm-1 is present which cannot be removed by H2 during growth.
Health-Care Applications: From Hospitals to Physicians, from Productive Efficiency to Quality Frontiers

This chapter focuses on health-care applications of DEA. The paper begins with a brief history of health applications and discusses some of the models and the motivation behind the applications. Using DEA to develop quality frontiers in health services is offered as a new and promising direction. The paper concludes with an eight-step application procedure and list of do’s and don’ts when applying DEA to health services.
Rapport, rigor, and rate my professor: students’ perceptions of hospitality and tourism professors

ABSTRACTStudent evaluation is a common measure used to assess the quality of an instructor’s teaching. However, the results of traditional student evaluation scores are often not available to stude...
Abstract 555: Exosomal MicroRNAs Contribute to Chronic Heart Failure Through Dysregulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Antioxidant Response Element Signaling

The imbalance between the synthesis of free radicals and their elimination by antioxidant defense systems, results in macromolecular damage and disruption of cellular redox signaling, affecting car...
Defining the role of angioembolization in pediatric isolated blunt solid organ injury.

Abstract Purpose To determine the incidence and outcomes of angiography in pediatric patients with blunt solid organ injury (SOI). Methods The National Trauma Data Bank (2010–2014) was queried for patients ≤ 19 years who experienced isolated blunt SOI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate characteristics associated with radiological and surgical intervention. Results Patients with isolated blunt injuries to the spleen (n = 7542), liver (n = 4549), and kidney (n = 2640) were identified. Use of angiography increased yearly from 1.6% to 3.1% of cases (p = 0.001) and was associated with older age (OR 2.61 [CI: 1.94–3.50], p Conclusion Variability exists in the utilization of angiography in pediatric blunt SOI between adult and pediatric TCs, with no improvement in splenic salvage. Level of Evidence Level III – Treatment study.
Microcontroller Implementation of Support Vector Machine for Detecting Blood Glucose Levels Using Breath Volatile Organic Compounds

This paper presents an embedded system-based solution for sensor arrays to estimate blood glucose levels from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a patient's breath. Support vector machine (SVM) was trained on a general-purpose computer using an existing SVM library. A training model, optimized to achieve the most accurate results, was implemented in a microcontroller with an ATMega microprocessor. Training and testing was conducted using artificial breath that mimics known VOC footprints of high and low blood glucose levels. The embedded solution was able to correctly categorize the corresponding glucose levels of the artificial breath samples with 97.1% accuracy. The presented results make a significant contribution toward the development of a portable device for detecting blood glucose levels from a patient's breath.
New directions in thrombolytic therapy: Molecular mutants and biochemical conjugates

Abstract The currently available thrombolytic agents are widely perceived to be suboptimal in terms of both efficacy and safety. This perception has in turn stimulated efforts to design and construct novel plasminogen activators endowed with improved biochemical and pharmacologic properties. There is as yet no consensus as to the properties of an “ideal” thrombolytic agent, and the failure of comparative clinical trials to identify a superior agent has contributed to the controversy. Although an improved plasminogen activator has not yet been constructed, it is clear that efforts to do so have advanced our knowledge of the complex structure-function relationships within plasminogen activators.
Anxiety disorders in predominantly African American and Caribbean American adults with intractable epilepsy: The role of perceived epilepsy stigma.

Abstract Introduction Anxiety disproportionately affects people with epilepsy (PWE) and leads to poor outcomes. Yet, risk factors are not well understood especially among underserved groups. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify epilepsy-specific predictors of anxiety disorders in predominantly African American and Caribbean American PWE. Materials and methods The prevalence of anxiety disorders was established via diagnostic interview (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)). We identified the extent to which aspects of seizure burden (seizure frequency, seizure severity, convulsive vs. nonconvulsive seizures), seizure worry, and perceived epilepsy stigma were associated with anxiety disorder diagnosis. Finally, logistic regression assessed the overall and independent contributions of significant risk factors. Results There were 60 participants (62% women, 52% African American, 27% Caribbean American, 20% Hispanic/Latino) with an average of 2 seizures per month. Nearly half of the sample (43%) had ≥ 1 anxiety disorder, with 62% of affected individuals qualifying for agoraphobia. Those with anxiety disorders tended to have convulsive seizures (p = 0.037) and endorsed greater seizure worry (p = 0.012), more general symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.005), and worse perceived epilepsy stigma (p = 0.003). Logistic regression accounted for 28% to 37.6% of the variance in anxiety disorder diagnostic status and correctly classified 73% of cases; however, only perceived epilepsy stigma made a unique contribution. Conclusions Anxiety disorders were prevalent in these predominantly African American and Caribbean American PWE. Epilepsy-specific risk factors included convulsive seizures, seizure worry, and perceived epilepsy stigma. Interventions aimed at treating anxiety disorders in diverse PWE may especially benefit from targeting stigma beliefs.
The Oxford Handbook of Anglican Studies

The name of this vast, sprawling work is aptly chosen. To have called it a handbook of Anglicanism would have been to suggest that there is a single doctrine – ‘ism’ – that has informed a tradition...