cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract factor analysis of data with multiple sources of error and a modified Faber-Kowalski F-test

Chemical data gleaned from instrumental measurements, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, are often contaminated by multiple sources of error that vary during data collection. Abstract factor analysis (AFA) of such data invariably leads to an excessive number of factors. Various sources of experimental and instrumental artifacts that cause such errors are discussed. Model data, containing multiple sources of error, are created and factor analyzed. By appropriate truncation of the factor space, the number of chemical factors can be determined in these situations using the factor indicator function (IND), the Malinowski F-test and a modified Faber-Kowalski F-test. Infrared, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopic absorbance data are used to demonstrate the success of the method.
Exposing Digital Forgeries in Complex Lighting Environments

The availability of sophisticated digital imaging technology has given rise to digital forgeries that are increasing in sophistication and frequency. We describe a technique for exposing such fakes by detecting inconsistencies in lighting. We show how to approximate complex lighting environments with a low-dimensional model and, further, how to estimate the model's parameters from a single image. Inconsistencies in the lighting model are th.en used as evidence of tampering.
Laws Associated with Mobile Computing in the Cloud

This article describes the present and potential legal constraints of mobile computing especially related to cloud computing. Numerous American national laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA and the Gramm, Leach, Bliley Act provide industry-related guidelines such as providing employee training on data security. Numerous state laws, as in California, get more specific on mandating web privacy policies, warning employees of Web monitoring, and storing and distributing personal customer information. Implications on corporate privacy policies and future legal trends are included.
Magnetic and crystallographic properties of the system Fe2P1−xAsx

Abstract The crystallographic and magnetic properties of the system Fe2P1−xAsx were studied between 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.65. The end member Fe2P was prepared by both direct combination of the elements and electrolysis of fused salts. The products obtained showed similar crystallographic properties and were found to be stoichiometric. Differences in the magnetic properties were attributed to carbide impurities present in the samples prepared by electrolysis. The substitution of arsenic takes place preferentially on the anionI site. The cell volume was found to increase monotonically with arsenic substitution, and the observed magnetic properties were interpreted on the basis of the Stoner model for itinerant electrons.
The ISO 9000 international quality registration: An empirical analysis of implications for business firms

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore managerial perceptions of ISO 9000 standards. Previous surveys found general agreement that ISO 9000 registration influenced supplier selection, improved customer satisfaction, and enhanced operating efficiency. The present survey of production managers in 212 U.S. locations gathered data related to the perceived impact of registration on their businesses. Data analysis suggests strong agreement with benefits provided by improved documentation, the use of ISO 9000 as a marketing tool and greater export potential as a result of implementing these standards. Respondents did not agree that ISO 9000 provides positive benefits in product development or reduces production time. Annual sales were included to determine if there is a difference in perceived impacts based on firm size. Managers of smaller firms held a stronger belief that ISO 9000 registration results in cost reduction and increases export potential than did large firm managers. Small firms with less well developed export connections may find ISO 9000 registration useful in helping to establish a reputation that will help make the necessary connections in the export markets. The improvements in documentation of products and process may highlight areas of potential production efficiencies and possible cost reductions.
t-SNARE Activation Through Transient Interaction with a Rab-Like Guanosine Triphosphatase

Intracellular vesicle targeting involves the interaction of vesicle proteins, termed v-SNAREs, with target membrane proteins, termed t-SNAREs. Assembly of v-SNARE–t-SNARE targeting complexes is modulated by members of the Sec1-Sly1 protein family, and by small guanosine triphosphatases termed Rabs. The interactions of these proteins during assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum–to-Golgi targeting complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. The data suggest that the Rab protein Ypt1p transiently interacts with the t-SNARE Sed5p and results in displacement of the negative regulator Sly1p, allowing subsequent formation of the v-SNARE–t-SNARE targeting complex.
LIS1 RNA interference blocks neural stem cell division, morphogenesis, and motility at multiple stages

Mutations in the human LIS1 gene cause the smooth brain disease classical lissencephaly. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted in situ live cell imaging analysis of LIS1 function throughout the entire radial migration pathway. In utero electroporation of LIS1 small interference RNA and short hairpin dominant negative LIS1 and dynactin cDNAs caused a dramatic accumulation of multipolar progenitor cells within the subventricular zone of embryonic rat brains. This effect resulted from a complete failure in progression from the multipolar to the migratory bipolar state, as revealed by time-lapse analysis of brain slices. Surprisingly, interkinetic nuclear oscillations in the radial glial progenitors were also abolished, as were cell divisions at the ventricular surface. Those few bipolar cells that reached the intermediate zone also exhibited a complete block in somal translocation, although, remarkably, process extension persisted. Finally, axonal growth also ceased. These results identify multiple distinct and novel roles for LIS1 in nucleokinesis and process dynamics and suggest that nuclear position controls neural progenitor cell division.
Sharing Words: The Effects of Readers on Developing Writers

Understanding the effects of readers on writing development requires prior conceptualization of the relationship between writers and readers. Recently two major schools of thought have emerged conc...
Direct detection of rhinoviruses by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay

This paper describes the first enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rhinovirus antigens in clinical specimens (nasal washings), either directly or following overnight cell culture amplification. The assay takes approximately 48 hours to perform and utilizes the same rabbit antirhinovirus hyperimmune serum as both the capture and detecting antibody. The latter has been biotin-labelled and is detected via a streptavidin beta-galactosidase preformed complex. This new assay has been found to be very sensitive, detecting human rhinovirus (HRV)-EL and HRV-2 at titres as low as 10(1.8) TCID50 100 microliter-1 and less than 10(1)TCID50 100 microliter -1, respectively. Furthermore, when 57 different human rhinovirus serotypes were tested in both the HRV-EL and HRV-2 ELISA systems a total of 49 (86%) were found to be cross-reactive. Of 36 clinical specimens tested by virus isolation, cell-culture-amplified (CCA) ELISA, and direct ELISA, 15 were positive by isolation, 11 by CCA-ELISA, and 11 by direct ELISA. The overall correlation of the CCA and direct ELISA techniques with virus isolation was found to be 88.9% and 66.7%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the ELISA system developed is a sensitive technique for the diagnosis of rhinovirus infections.
Scleral creep vs. temperature and pressure in vitro.

Abstract The unusual geometry and thickness of the posterior sclera in axial myopia may be caused by a growth related anomaly or by a passive stretching over a long time scale. To contribute to the understanding of this problem, an in vitro experiment on freshly enucleated rabbit eyes is devised in which the scleral creep rate of the posterior hemisphere is measured as a function of bath temperature and intraocular pressure. Temperatures in the range from 26 to 48°C and intraocular pressures from 15 to 100 mm Hg are investigated. Scleral creep rates for the posterior sclera in the range from 0·04 to 15·0%/hr (corresponding to 0·015 to 5·63 diopters/hr) are observed. Creep rate increases rapidly and non-linearly with increasing temperature and/or intraocular pressure. The Arrhenius plot of creep-rate versus temperature has an activation energy of 2·0 eV (corresponding to 46 kcal/mol). Curiously, at physiological conditions of 37°C and 15 mm Hg, the rabbit eye in vitro continues to creep at the rate of 0·06%/hr, which corresponds to roughly 0·5 diopters/day, a situation which has no parallel in vivo.
Small RNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

An expanding assortment of small, noncoding RNAs identified in the nervous system suggests a strong connection between their combinatorial regulatory potential and the complexity of the nervous system. Misregulation of these small regulatory RNAs could contribute to the abnormalities in brain development that are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we give an overview of the diversity and unexpected abundance of small RNAs, as well as specific examples that illustrate their functional significance in neurodevelopmental disorders. We also discuss an intriguing, albeit elusive area of study: the potential impact of newly discovered classes of small RNAs in the nervous system.
Robust quadratic optimization of systems and large parameter variations

In this paper, two new algorithms to synthesize robust controllers which tolerate large parameter variations in the system are presented. The new analytical procedure that has led to the establishment of these algorithms can be easily used to solve similar perturbational problems when small-sensitivity measures are used. These algorithms are applied to a numerical example to show the system performance under these design methodologies and to compare the final outcomes of these algorithms.
Oscillatory phenomena for the Glass-Kauffman model of cellular dynamics

Abstract The Glass-Kauffman model demonstrates that oscillatory models of behavior are naturally obtained when cooperative components are spatially disturbed. Glass and Kauffman showed numerically that this model has a stable, periodic orbit. By using an applicable bifurcation formula obtained by Hsu and Kazarinoff, we prove analytically in this paper that this system has two families of bifurcating periodic orbits which are asymptotically orbitally stable.
Effects of platinum stagnation surface on the lean extinction limits of premixed methane/air flames at moderate surface temperatures

Abstract A stagnation flow reactor was used to study the effects of platinum on the lean flammability limits of atmospheric pressure premixed methane/air flames at moderate stagnation surface temperatures. Experimental and computational methods were used to quantify the equivalence ratio at the lean extinction limit ( ϕ ext ) and the corresponding stagnation surface temperature ( T s ). A range of flow rates (57–90 cm/s) and corresponding strain rates were considered. The results indicate that the gas-phase methane/air flames are sufficiently strong relative to the heterogeneous chemistry for T s conditions less than 750 K that the platinum does not affect ϕ ext . The computational results are in good agreement with the experimentally observed trends and further indicate that higher reactant flow rates (>139 cm/s) and levels of dilution (>∼10% N 2 ) are required to weaken the gas-phase flame sufficiently for surface reaction to play a positive role on extending the lean flammability limits.
General model-set design methods for multiple-model approach

Multiple-model approach provides the state-of-the-art solutions to many problems involving estimation, filtering, control, and/or modeling. One of the most important problems in the application of the multiple-model approach is the design of the model set used in a multiple-model algorithm. To our knowledge, however, it has never been addressed systematically in the literature. This paper deals with this challenging topic in a general setting. General problems of model-set design are considered. A concept of a random model is introduced. In other words, modeling of models used in a multiple model (MM) algorithm as well as the true model as random variables is proposed. Three classes of general methods for optimal design of model sets-by minimizing distribution mismatch, minimizing modal distance, and moment matching, respectively-are proposed. Theoretical results that address many of the associated issues are presented. Examples that demonstrate how some of these theoretical results can be used as well as their effectiveness are given. Many of the general results presented in this paper are also useful for performance evaluation of MM algorithms.
A New Method Simplifying Collection of Serial Specimens for Gonadotropin Determinations

Patterns of gonadotropin levels have been compared in specimens of serum, 24-h urine collections, and first morning urine voidings collected throughout a menstrual cycle from 8 sexually mature, young women. Quantities of gonadotropins in first morning voidings were found to provide a reliable estimate of 24-h excretion of these hormones and demonstrate the same patterns of change as do serum and 24-h urine specimens. Thus first morning voidings satisfactorily overcome logistical problems inherent is serial serum and 24-h urine sampling for studying gonadotropin excretion patterns.
Transactional memory with strong atomicity using off-the-shelf memory protection hardware

This paper introduces a new way to provide strong atomicity in an implementation of transactional memory. Strong atomicity lets us offer clear semantics to programs, even if they access the same locations inside and outside transactions. It also avoids differences between hardware-implemented transactions and software-implemented ones. Our approach is to use off-the-shelf page-level memory protection hardware to detect conflicts between normal memory accesses and transactional ones. This page-level mechanism ensures correctness but gives poor performance because of the costs of manipulating memory protection settings and receiving notifications of access violations. However, in practice, we show how a combination of careful object placement and dynamic code update allows us to eliminate almost all of the protection changes. Existing implementations of strong atomicity in software rely on detecting conflicts by conservatively treating some non-transactional accesses as short transactions. In contrast, our page-level mechanism lets us be less conservative about how non-transactional accesses are treated; we avoid changes to non-transactional code until a possible conflict is detected dynamically, and we can respond to phase changes where a given instruction sometimes generates conflicts and sometimes does not. We evaluate our implementation with C# versions of many of the STAMP benchmarks, and show how it performs within 25% of an implementation with weak atomicity on all the benchmarks we have studied. It avoids pathological cases in which other implementations of strong atomicity perform poorly.
An effective priority mechanism for high speed MANs

Introduces a very effective priority mechanism for high speed DQDB type metropolitan area networks (MANs). The proposed mechanism can be applied to either of the two variations of the no slot wasting bandwidth balancing mechanism and enables high priority traffic to have almost immediate access to the transmission medium; regardless of the presence of low priority traffic. The authors use simulation results to investigate the delay performance of the proposed priority mechanism in the case of three classes of traffic. Furthermore, they compare its performance with the corresponding performance of other (previously proposed) priority mechanisms. Finally, they examine its ability to support real-time traffic such as voice and video. >
Personalized behavior pattern recognition and unusual event detection for mobile users

Mobile phones have become widely used for obtaining help in emergencies, such as accidents, crimes, or health emergencies. The smartphone is an essential device that can record emergency situations, which can be used for clues or evidence, or as an alert system in such situations. In this paper, we focus on mobile-based identification of potentially unusual, or abnormal events, occurring in a mobile user's daily behavior patterns. For purposes of this research, we have classified events as "unusual" for a mobile user when an event is an infrequently occurring one from the user's normal behavior patterns --all of which are collected and recorded on a user's mobile phone. We build a general unusual event classification model to be automated on the smartphone for use by any mobile phone users. To classify both normal and unusual events, we analyzed the activity, location, and audio sensor data collected from 20 mobile phone users to identify these users' personalized normal daily behavior patterns and any unusual events occurring in their daily activity. We used binary fusion classification algorithms on the subjects' recorded experimental data and ultimately identified the most accurately performing fusion algorithm for unusual event detection.
Computational Phonology - Part II: Grammars, Learning, and the Future

Computational phonology studies sound patterns in the world’s languages from a computational perspective. This article shows that the similarities between different generative theories outweigh the differences, and discusses stochastic grammars and learning models within phonology from a computational perspective. Also, it shows how the hypothesis that all sound patterns are subregular can be investigated, pointing the direction for future research. Taken together, these contributions show computational phonology is identifying stronger and stronger universal properties of phonological patterns, which are reflected in the grammatical formalisms phonologists employ. This article is intended primarily for phonologists who are curious about computational phonology, but do not have a rigorous background in mathematics or computation. However, it is also informative for readers with a background in computation and the basics of phonology, and who are curious about what computational analysis offers phonological theory.
Advantages of rapid bipolar planar near-field scanner for millimetre-wave antenna measurement

Planar near-field measurement of small antennas operating at millimetre-wave frequencies are often wrought with difficulty. Over-sized ranges, cable loss, expensive equipment, long measurement times, and positional accuracy are just some of the issues that contribute to making measurements inefficient and cumbersome for most laboratories. As more compact millimetre-wave antenna designs are introduced, these measurement issues must be addressed to better allow cost-effective and efficient measurements to facilitate the antenna design cycle. The bipolar planar scanning technique for millimetre-wave antennas was introduced by the authors and demonstrated to be a viable option for cost-effective measurement [1–2]. Its simple mechanical design allows for many of the issues associated with millimetre-wave antenna measurement to be effectively mitigated or even eliminated. One example is its dual rotary stage design that allows for minimal cable movement, reducing cable phase errors that can perturb the measurement. Other distinct advantages of the bipolar scanner can tackle the issues of expensive equipment, positional accuracy, and range size. This paper will describe and elaborate on the advantages of the bipolar scanner for millimetre-wave antenna measurement, including at introduction of new scanning modes that can help dramatically reduce measurement time over previously implemented scanning modes. These new modes are the most natural and rapid mode of scanning and involves simultaneous and continuous motion of both rotational axes of the scanner. This motion results in a data grid with a spiral geometry. Two spiral geometries, the linear spiral and the bipolar spiral, have been implemented for the bipolar scanner. Representative measurements using our millimetre-wave bipolar planar near-field antenna measurement system will show the capabilities of the bipolar scanner and verify its viability for efficient and accurate millimetre-wave antenna measurements.
Patterns of Cortical Synchronization in Isolated Dystonia Compared With Parkinson Disease

Importance Isolated dystonia and Parkinson disease (PD) are disorders of the basal gangliothalamocortical network. They have largely distinct clinical profiles, but both disorders respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the same subcortical targets using similar stimulation paradigms, suggesting pathophysiologic overlap. We hypothesized that, similar to PD, isolated dystonia is associated with elevated cortical neuronal synchronization. Objective To investigate the electrophysiologic characteristics of the sensorimotor cortex arm-related area using a temporary subdural electrode strip in patients with isolated dystonia and PD undergoing DBS implantation in the awake state. Design, Setting, and Participants An observational study recruited patients scheduled for DBS at the University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Data were collected from May 1, 2008, through April 1, 2015. Findings are reported for 22 patients with isolated cervical or segmental dystonia (8 with [DYST-ARM] and 14 without [DYST] arm symptoms) and 14 patients with akinetic rigid PD. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2014, through May 1, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Cortical local field potentials, power spectral density, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Results Among our 3 groups that together included 36 patients, cortical PAC was present in primary motor and premotor arm-related areas for all groups, but the DYST group was less likely to exhibit increased PAC ( P = .008). Similar to what has been shown for patients with PD, subthalamic DBS reversibly decreased PAC in a subset of patients with dystonia who were studied before and during intraoperative test stimulation (n = 4). At rest, broadband gamma (50-200 Hz) power in the primary motor cortex was greater in the DYST-ARM and PD groups compared with the DYST group, whereas alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) power was comparable in all 3 groups. During movement, the DYST-ARM group had impaired beta and low gamma desynchronization in the primary motor cortex. Conclusions and Relevance Isolated dystonia and PD have physiologic overlap with respect to high levels of motor cortex synchronization and reduction of cortical synchronization by subthalamic DBS, providing an explanation for their similar therapeutic response to basal ganglia stimulation.
Measurement of robustness for biped locomotion using linearized Poincare' map

Many studies on control of dynamic biped walking have been done in the past two decades. While the biped dynamics is highly nonlinear, the stability analysis, if done, was usually based on a linearized model. The validity of the linearized model may become questionable if the walking involves states that are too far away from the operating point. In this paper, an approach for evaluating the robustness based on the linearized Poincare' map is suggested and examined. The Poincare' map technique is often used in studying periodic motion. The computational method that results in a measurement for evaluating the robustness of biped locomotion is developed. Our simulation study has verified that the suggested measurement is a good indicator.
Positively charged dust crystals induced by radiative heating

In this paper, we consider theoretically conditions for forming crystals of positively charged dust, when the dust is heated by a laser or by a strong infrared source and emits electrons thermionically. We discuss parameters for grains dispersed in an inert gas at pressure of a few mbar. We briefly discuss levitation by forces associated with gas flow or photon flux. A possible experimental scheme for achieving such a crystal is briefly outlined.
Efficient Sensitivity Calculations for Optimization of Power Delivery Network Impedance

This paper presents efficient algorithms for sensitivity calculations of power delivery network (PDN) impedance. The sensitivity algorithm is based on the adjoint system method. Efficient calculation of sensitivity is critical for optimization of complex PDNs. The frequency-domain design of a PDN is a multiobjective optimization problem, which is formulated as a minimax problem in this paper. The design variables are typically the decoupling capacitors (decaps). The objective function is the input impedance of the PDN calculated at relevant frequencies. This paper also presents an efficient algorithm for large-change sensitivity calculations. Based on this method, what-if scenarios can be simulated efficiently, such as the addition, modification, or relocation of a few decaps or a small change in the geometry.
Percutaneous Cholecystectomy in the Intensive Care Patient

The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in the intensive care patient is often problematic. While most patients with acute cholecystitis present with fever, increased white count, or symptomatology pertaining to the gallbladder, occasionally these patients may be comatose and often present a diagnostic dilemma. Surgical cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis, but this therapy carries with it a high mortality rate in the desperately ill patient. Thus surgical cholecystostomy has been advocated as a temporizing procedure to be performed until these patients stabilize. More recently percutaneous cholecystostomy, performed at the patient's bedside under ultrasound guidance, has been successfully performed using small-size catheters. This is a low-risk temporizing procedure when performed by well-trained personnel. In fact, percutaneous cholecystostomy has been shown to be a definitive treatment in patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis. Patients with calculous cholecystitis may ...
Elasticity of Space-Time: Basis of Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

In this paper we derive Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion from the constitutive equation of elasticity of a space-time continuum in four dimensions. This we do by introducing a four-dimensional material continuum with a Minkowskian metric, in analogy with Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The four-continuum is deformable in both space and time. The physics of the deformation is embedded in a variational principle, which is a form-invariant extension of its classical mechanical counterpart in three dimensions, but with the acceleration term absent. General dynamic equations of elasticity in four dimensions are thereby derived. When the constraint of temporal inextensibility (universal time) is introduced, these equations yield readily the dynamic equations of elasticity in three dimensions. The presence of the inertia term in these equations, is a direct consequence of the temporal curvature induced by the deformation of the four-continuum. Newton’s law of motion for rigid bodies follows when the additiona...
Effect of VHa Locus Allotype-Suppression on the Expression of Closely Linked VHx, VHy, and Cµn Genes in Heterozygous Rabbits

Injection of a1x-y-n81/a2x32y33n82 heterozygous rabbits at birth with anti-a2 allotype antiserum suppresses the production of the VHa2 gene product a2 Ig as well as the expression of the closely linked Cµn gene product n82 but not of the closely linked VHx and VHy gene products x32 and y33. This effect is related to the appearance of a2 and n82 on the same IgM molecules whereas a2, x32, and y33 appear on different Ig molecules.
TV, Digital, and Social: A Debate

One of the important debates in the social media era regards the future of television. Is TV still relevant? This is both a methodological and pedagogical issue for teachers and students researching contemporary media industries. This think piece addresses the debate in the context of the US media and advertising market. Each spring, American networks sell the bulk of their inventory to advertisers for the upcoming TV season— more than nine billion dollars worth of advertising is sold for broadcast prime-time television alone. Internet advertising, while a smaller market, continues to grow more quickly than any other medium. As digital and social marketing catch up with TV advertising, both marketing and media professionals contest the ongoing relevance of TV as an advertising medium. This piece highlights the growing codependency and integration of TV and social media and also examines the implications of the rise of the “social TV” sector for evolving debates on the future and relevance of television.
Influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave on Australian Precipitation from 1958 to 1997

Abstract Year-to-year changes are found in Australian precipitation (APP) covarying with those in sea surface temperature (SST) and troposphere moisture flux (MF) over the three oceans surrounding Australia for 40 yr from 1958 to 1997. Australia’s wet (dry) years are associated with warm (cool) SST anomalies surrounding Australia and convergent (divergent) MF anomalies directly overhead. Differences in APP (SST) between wet and dry years can reach 0.75 m (1.2°C) in northeast Australia (subtropical Indian Ocean). Wet (dry) years often occur during La Nina (El Nino), but significant differences in covarying SST, MF, and APP anomalies from one El Nino to the next are found, indicating that regional climate changes also influence APP. Covarying SST and MF anomalies on basin space scales and interannual timescales are found to take 2–3 yr to propagate eastward from Africa to Australia. This propagation occurs in association with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) in the Southern Ocean, the north branch of th...
Demographic, Biologic, and Other Variables Affecting Monoamine Oxidase Activity

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been shown to be influenced by a variety of demographic, biologic, and other variables. Human platelet, plasma, and brain enzyme activities correlate with age and are higher in women. Brain catecholamines tend to decrease with age. The acute effects of ethanol on platelet MAO do not appear to be significant, but chronic ethanol ingestion could influence enzyme activity through a variety of possible mechanisms. Numerous drugs and hormones have been shown to alter platelet and tissue MAO. Heterogeneity of platelet size, density, age, and enzyme activity complicates the study of MAO in clinical populations. Newer platelet isolation techniques may diminish the variability due to platelet sampling. Studies of platelet MAO activity in schizophrenia require that careful attention be given to controlling for variables possibly influencing the blood enzyme activity, such as prior neuroleptic treatment. The limited studies of brain MAO activity in man fail to demonstrate differences between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls.
A mobility model of GPS-based encryption

Wireless networking is a growing field thanks to recent advances in mobile and wireless device technologies. Secure communication between wireless hosts is necessary in certain applications and GPS-based encryption complements traditional encryption techniques by restricting the decryption of a message to a particular geographical area and time period. Existing geo-encryption techniques have limited support for mobile nodes. Therefore, we propose a mobility model for existing geo-encryption techniques that allow mobile nodes to exchange movement parameters, so that a sender is able to geo-encrypt messages to a moving decryption zone that contains a mobile node's estimated location. We also present methods for estimating the node's movement parameters and optimizing the goals of secure wireless communication.
Compositional dependence of the electrical conductivity of vanadium phosphate glass

Abstract The bulk resistivities of vanadium phosphate glasses in the compositional range from 65 to 85 mole % V 2 O 5 were measured and fitted as a function of composition to the equation for conductivity as proposed by Mott and later modified by Sayer and Mansingh for n , the number of unoccupied mearest sites surrounding the final hopping site of the small polaron. The fit to the experimental data was found to be best if the number n is chosen to be proportional to the total number of V 5+ sites in the glass. Also n is found to be non-integer and can be regarded as the effective number of unoccupied sites surrounding the final site in the sense of eqn (24) developed in this paper. Values for n ranged from 0.2 to 5 for different compositions of the glass. A model for the structure of vanadium phosphate glass is proposed to explain the data.
A Naturally Occurring Rabbit Model of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli–Induced Disease

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. The exact mechanism by which EHEC induces disease remains unclear because of the lack of a natural animal model for the disease. An outbreak of bloody diarrhea and sudden death was investigated in a group of Dutch belted rabbits. Two of these rabbits harbored enteropathogenic E. coli O145:H, and 1 rabbit was coinfected with EHEC O153:H. A partial Shiga toxin 1 gene (stx1) fragment from E. coli O153:H was confirmed by Southern blot and sequence analysis. Toxin production was demonstrated by a HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. Histopathologic findings in all affected rabbits included erosive and necrotizing enterocolitis with adherent bacterial rods, proliferative glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis, and fibrin thrombi within small vessels and capillaries. Our findings provide evidence for a naturally occurring animal model of EHEC-induced systemic disease that closely resembles human HUS.
RF nonlinear interactions in living cells--II: detection methods for spectral signatures.

The presence of harmonic products due to possible nonlinear interaction of amplitude modulated RF signals in living cells is best detected by using a cavity with high quality factor. Harmonic products generated by elementary oscillators can be trapped and accumulated in a cavity, permitting detection sensitivity much greater than in an open environment, where they would be radiated in all directions. The experimental method described herein is a systematic approach to detection of the non-Planck RF energy (if any) emitted by an exposed sample of living cells. Balzano and Sheppard [Balzano and Sheppard (2003): Bioelectromagnetics 24:473–482] classified the non-Planck RF emissions from living cells as coming from (1) nonlinear interactions and (2) inelastic interactions. Nonlinear harmonic products would appear in the band at twice the frequency of an amplitude modulated RF carrier. Inelastic interaction products resulting from the interaction between the incident RF energy and normally occurring mechanical vibrations are found in the band immediately adjacent to the carrier. Detection of the latter signals is difficult because of this close spectral proximity, for example, 1 part in 107 for 100 Hz modulation of a GHz carrier. Modern audio spectrum analyzers have excellent selectivity, providing 60 dB rejections only 2 kHz away from the carrier. By judicious selection of the amplitude modulation (AM) frequency, frequency of the RF carrier, and size of the biological sample, it is possible to achieve very high sensitivity (about −90 dBm) with commercially available instrumentation. The presence (or absence) of harmonics in the band adjacent to the amplitude modulated RF carrier would establish (or negate) the existence of coherent interactions between mechanical vibrations in the cell ensemble and the incident RF signal. Bioelectromagnetics 24:483–488, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The synthetic tuning of clickable pH responsive cationic polypeptides and block copolypeptides

A series of pH responsive synthetic polypeptides has been developed based on an N-carboxyanhydride ring opening polymerization combined with a facile and versatile click chemistry. Poly(γ-propargyl L-glutamate) (PPLG) homopolymers and poly(ethylene glycol-b-γ-propargyl L-glutamate) (PEG-b-PPLG) block copolymers were substituted with various amine moieties that range in pKa and hydrophobicity, providing the basis for a library of new synthetic structures that can be tuned for specific interactions and responsive behaviors. These amine-functionalized polypeptides have the ability to change solubility, or reversibly self-assemble into micelles with changes in the degree of ionization; they also adopt an α-helical structure at biologically relevant pHs. Here we characterize the pH responsive behavior of the new polypeptides and the hydrolysis of the ester containing amine side chains. We examine the reversible micellization with block copolymers of the polypeptides and nucleic acid encapsulation that demonstrate the potential use of these materials for systemic drug and gene delivery.
Male Axillary Extracts Contain Pheromones that Affect Pulsatile Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone and Mood in Women Recipients

Human underarm secretions, when applied to women recipients, alter the length and timing of the menstrual cycle. These effects are thought to arise from exposure to primer pheromones that are produced in the underarm. Pheromones can affect endocrine (primer) or behavioral (releaser) responses, provide information (signaler), or perhaps even modify emotion or mood (modulator). In this study, we extracted underarm secretions from pads worn by men and placed the extract under the nose of women volunteers while monitoring serum LH and emotion/mood. Pulses of LH are excellent indicators of the release of GnRH from the brain's hypothalamus. In women, the positive influence of GnRH on LH affects the length and timing of the menstrual cycle, which, in turn, affects fertility. Here we show that extracts of male axillary secretions have a direct effect upon LH-pulsing and mood of women. In our subjects, the putative male pheromone(s) advanced the onset of the next peak of LH after its application, reduced tension, and increased relaxation. These results demonstrate that male axillary secretions contain one or more constituents that act as primer and modulator pheromones.
Cosmic ray positrons from annihilations into a new, heavy lepton

Recent results from the PAMELA experiment indicate an excess in the positron spectrum above 10 GeV, but antiproton data are consistent with the expected astrophysical backgrounds. We propose a scenario that reproduces these features. Dark matter annihilates through channels involving a new heavy vectorlike lepton which then decays by mixing with standard model leptons. If charged, this heavy lepton might be produced at the LHC, and could lead to multilepton final states or to long-lived charged tracks. Large neutrino detectors such as ANTARES or IceCube might be sensitive to a monochromatic neutrino line. This scenario may be simply embedded in various models, including an extension to the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model.
What Did the Brain Say to the Mind? A Study of the Detection and Report of Ambiguity by Young Children

Verbal humor is very much a part of everyday life, so it is not surprising that even young children laugh at riddles and jokes. They also invent their own, but these are perplexing. Here is an example from a five-year old of our acquaintance: Child: What has a trunk and four wheels? Us: I don’t know. What has a trunk and four wheels? Child: A car! (hilarious laughter) Despite manifest facility with the riddle format, this child apparently is unaware that riddles, at least good riddles, turn on linguistic ambiguity. At the same time, it is easy to show that children of this age are in perceptual and productive control of two senses for a single word (e.g., the two meanings of bark or club) or constructions (e.g., the two meanings of flying planes). This is one of many instances where children display competence in speech and understanding, but fail when the task is to see through to the linguistic event itself, manipulating it in the service of providing a judgment. Briefly, while the youngster is sensitive to potential alternate interpretations of speech signals, he cannot answer to the fact that some single speech event can be interpreted in two ways. He cannot give judgments concerning ambiguity.
ERISA's Participant Benefit Statement Requirements: Current Rules Under PPA '06 and a Suggested Blueprint for Future Interpretation

The Pension Protection Act of 2006 now mandates certain automatic disclosure of benefit statements, as well as more timely and expansive disclosure, to ERISA participants and beneficiaries, effective beginning in 2007. While the Department of Labor (DOL) provided good faith reliance regarding these requirements through a field assistance bulletin, that guidance left plan sponsors and third party administrators with a number of unanswered questions. Due to the importance of these issues, one of the 2007 Working Groups for the DOL's ERISA Advisory Council has scheduled testimonies for the summer and fall of 2007 so as to provide recommendations to the DOL by November of 2007. To facilitate in the dialogue between the employee benefits community and the DOL, this article explains the new requirements in light of prior proposed regulations (issued under prior law) and the recent field assistance bulletin, and then provides a suggested blueprint for change, that hopefully will result in meaningful disclosure to participants and beneficiaries without unduly burdening plan administrators. When writing the regulations, the DOL will need to balance meaningful disclosure of benefits with the administrative impacts and costs of such disclosure for covered plans. The author concludes that these new requirements will have a significant impact on the administrative burdens and costs of employee benefit plans, which unfortunately in the defined contribution plan model, may be passed along to the participants and beneficiaries either directly or indirectly.
Electronic and thermoelectric properties of Ce3Te4 and La3Te4 computed with density functional theory with on-site Coulomb interaction correction

The electronic properties and Seebeck coefficients of Ce3Te4 and La3Te4 are computed using Density Functional Theory with on-site Coulomb interaction correction. We found that the Seebeck coefficients of Ce3Te4 and La3Te4 are almost equal at temperatures larger than the Curie temperature of Ce3Te4, and in good agreement with the measurements reported by May et al. [Phys. Rev. B 86, 035135 (2012)]. At temperatures below the Curie temperature, the Seebeck coefficient of Ce3Te4 increases due to the ferromagnetic ordering, which leads the f-electron of Ce to contribute to the Seebeck coefficient in the relevant range of electron concentration.
Genetic insights into the mechanisms of Fgf signaling

The fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) family of ligands and receptor tyrosine kinases is required throughout embryonic and postnatal development and also regulates multiple homeostatic functions in the adult. Aberrant Fgf signaling causes many congenital disorders and underlies multiple forms of cancer. Understanding the mechanisms that govern Fgf signaling is therefore important to appreciate many aspects of Fgf biology and disease. Here we review the mechanisms of Fgf signaling by focusing on genetic strategies that enable in vivo analysis. These studies support an important role for Erk1/2 as a mediator of Fgf signaling in many biological processes but have also provided strong evidence for additional signaling pathways in transmitting Fgf signaling in vivo.
Physiology and Ecology of Photoperiodism

The invitation to present this year's Memorial Lecture has come to me as a very great but undeserved honor. Although a pleasant and extremely challenging assignment, it is one that I have approached with no little trepidation, in view of the outstanding quality of the lectures presented by my predecessors. I wish to express my deepest appreciation to the Society for placing this high trust in my hands.
An Assessment of Seismic Body-wave Magnitudes Published by the Prototype International Data Centre

A significant initiative in the reporting of global seismicity began in January 1995 with the publication of daily “Reviewed Event Bulletins” (REB's), a few days in arrears. This work was and still is done in the context of international efforts aimed at verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). When it was finalized in 1996 the CTBT specified that the seismic monitoring network of the International Monitoring System (IMS) would consist of 50 primary stations contributing data continuously to an International Data Centre (IDC) in Vienna, plus 120 auxiliary stations that record continuously but contribute data to IDC only on request (Richards, 2002). Until IDC began daily operations on 21 February 2000, the daily REB was published by the Prototype International Data Centre (PIDC) and a predecessor organization. We shall refer to all the REB's from 1 January 1995 to 20 February 2000 as having been published by PIDC. This paper focuses on the PIDC teleseismic body-wave magnitudes ( mb ). They are important as a modern effort to measure short-period magnitudes based on what is expected to become a fixed network of global stations, all operating in a standardized way. Although seismic magnitudes are intended to be a characteristic of the source, it is well known that in practice they are influenced by numerous additional factors such as the particular set of stations reporting individual magnitudes, the instrument responses, and the details of how each station magnitude is assigned. Global bulletins of seismicity, including mb values, have long been reported, months in arrears, by the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) and Earthquake Data Report (EDR) of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Earthquake Information Center (USGS NEIC). They have also been reported, about two years in arrears, by the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based in England. To obtain its …
Differential Effects of GABAA Receptor Antagonists in the Control of Respiratory Neuronal Discharge Patterns

Dogas, Z., M. Krolo, E. A. Stuth, M. Tonkovic-Capin, F. A. Hopp, D. R. McCrimmon, and E. J. Zuperku. Differential effects of GABAA receptor antagonists in the control of respiratory neuronal discha...
An Unusual Case of Malacoplakiainvolving the Testis and Prostate

Abstract We report an unusual case of malacoplakia involving the prostate and testis. The scrotal ultrasonographic and pathological findings with ultrastructural characteristics are described. The management is discussed.