cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of experiments for identification of complex biochemical systems with applications to mitochondrial bioenergetics

Identification of a complex biochemical system model requires appropriate experimental data. Models constructed on the basis of data from the literature often contain parameters that are not identifiable with high sensitivity and therefore require additional experimental data to identify those parameters. Here we report the application of a local sensitivity analysis to design experiments that will improve the identifia-bility of previously unidentifiable model parameters in a model of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and tricaboxylic acid cycle. Experiments were designed based on measurable biochemical reactants in a dilute suspension of purified cardiac mitochondria with experimentally feasible perturbations to this system. Experimental perturbations and variables yielding the most number of parameters above a 5% sensitivity level are presented and discussed.
Investigations into some new integral forms of bessel functions with applications to scattering from cylinders

The mutual coupling between two antennas on a convex surface is, for example, solved by using the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) for electrically large bodies. However when new generalizations of asymptotic solutions are developed, they are compared against the exact solution to the same canonical problem. This validation process, in general, indicates the necessity for accurate computation of the exact solution. The subject of this paper is the accurate computation of the radiation and scattering from circular cylinders with electrically large radii (ka rarr infin).
Strategies Used in Coping With a Cancer Diagnosis Predict Meaning in Life for Survivors

The search for meaning in life is part of the human experience. A negative life event may threaten perceptions about meaning in life, such as the benevolence of the world and one's sense of harmony and peace. The authors examined the longitudinal relationship between women's coping with a diagnosis of breast cancer and their self-reported meaning in life 2 years later. Multiple regression analyses revealed that positive strategies for coping predicted significant variance in the sense of meaning in life--feelings of inner peace, satisfaction with one's current life and the future, and spirituality and faith--and the absence of such strategies predicted reports of loss of meaning and confusion (ps < .01). The importance and process of finding meaning in the context of a life stressor are discussed.
Defocusing loss for a long periodic-fed reflector

Log periodic designs are a well established wide-band antenna technology, but one in which the phase center travels along the structure as the frequency varies. When a log periodic antenna is used as a feed for a reflector antenna, the phase center location cannot be maintained at the reflector focus over the frequency range and defocusing results. The purpose of this analysis is to quantify the defocusing loss for a log periodicfed reflector. The analysis presented compares favorably with measured results.
Using Prevention Science to Promote Children’s Mental Health: The Founding of the Missouri Prevention Center

Decades of research have demonstrated, now convincingly, that emotional and behavioral syndromes and many of their antecedent risks can be prevented. Much of this progress can be traced to the founding and expansion of the relatively young field called prevention science, an interdisciplinary field that emerged in the early 1990s to address the need for an integrated model for prevention-related research. The present article is intended to provide a specific example of prevention science in action for counseling psychologists. To illustrate key preventive science principles, the authors describe the formation and activities of the Missouri Prevention Center, a program that uses prevention science to promote children’s mental health. In particular, the authors use research produced by the center to highlight the various phases of prevention intervention research. They conclude with implications for counseling psychologists.
Sleep And Dreaming

Article de synthese sur la fonction du sommeil chez l'animal. Son role dans la vie, sa neurophysiologie cellulaire et la neurobiologie clinique de ses desordres, sont discutes par l'auteur
Enhancing cancer clonality analysis with integrative genomics

It is understood that cancer is a clonal disease initiated by a single cell, and that metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from the primary site, is also initiated by a single cell. The seemingly natural capability of cancer to adapt dynamically in a Darwinian manner is a primary reason for therapeutic failures. Survival advantages may be induced by cancer therapies and also occur as a result of inherent cell and microenvironmental factors. The selected "more fit" clones outmatch their competition and then become dominant in the tumor via propagation of progeny. This clonal expansion leads to relapse, therapeutic resistance and eventually death. The goal of this study is to develop and demonstrate a more detailed clonality approach by utilizing integrative genomics. Patient tumor samples were profiled by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA-seq on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 and methylation profiling was performed on the Illumina Infinium 450K array. STAR and the Haplotype Caller were used for RNA-seq processing. Custom approaches were used for the integration of the multi-omic datasets. Reported are major enhancements to CloneViz, which now provides capabilities enabling a formal tumor multi-dimensional clonality analysis by integrating: i) DNA mutations, ii) RNA expressed mutations, and iii) DNA methylation data. RNA and DNA methylation integration were not previously possible, by CloneViz (previous version) or any other clonality method to date. This new approach, named iCloneViz (integrated CloneViz) employs visualization and quantitative methods, revealing an integrative genomic mutational dissection and traceability (DNA, RNA, epigenetics) thru the different layers of molecular structures. The iCloneViz approach can be used for analysis of clonal evolution and mutational dynamics of multi-omic data sets. Revealing tumor clonal complexity in an integrative and quantitative manner facilitates improved mutational characterization, understanding, and therapeutic assignments.
Systematic review: Comparative effectiveness and safety of premixed insulin analogues in type 2 diabetes

Premixed insulin analogues are a mixture of short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin analogues. Their effectiveness relative to other antidiabetic agents is not clearly established. This system...
Permafrost process research in the United States since 1960

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the significant scientific advances in understanding the physical and chemical aspects of periglacial processes and the geomorphology of permafrost areas. It presents the more significant advances in terms of new approaches, methodology, or insight gained into key processes. The study of permafrost evolves from a descriptive science based mostly on field observations and limited temperature measurements in the summer to a quantitative science capitalizing on advances in understanding fundamental principles in condensed matter physics, nonlinear dynamics, soil physics, geochemistry and on technological advances that make it possible to measure soil properties and to monitor key physical and biogeochemical processes year-round, including the important times of phase transitions in the spring and autumn. Research in permafrost processes is evolving because of the recent widespread recognition of the interdependency of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the active layer, the sensitivity of the upper permafrost to ongoing climate change, and the potential for changes in the polar regions to affect the global climate.
The future of high-performance CMOS: Trends and requirements

Intrinsic MOSFET time delay is examined as a function of scaling of high-performance CMOS technology. An analytical expression is used to calculate delay from physically meaningful transistor characteristics, which are either obtained from the literature or projected forward. The key performance parameter is the calculated virtual-source carrier velocity in the channel which is shown to be responsible for the historical decrease of transistor delay with scaling. Forward projection of transistor delay is based on an optimistic scaling scenario with realistic assumptions about device geometry, electrostatic integrity, and parasitics. It is shown that from the 32-nm CMOS generation onward the intrinsic transistor performance will not improve unless parasitic capacitances are significantly reduced. Finally, characteristics of performance scaling under localized circuit power density constraints are examined.
Crystalline flavin pyruvate oxidase from Escherichia coli. I. Isolation and properties of the flavoprotein.

Abstract Pyruvate oxidase has been isolated from Escherichia coli in crystalline form and at a high state of purity. Pyruvate oxidase binds both flavin-adenine dinucleotide and thiamine pyrophosphate as prosthetic groups. Molecular weight measurements indicate that the crystalline oxidase exists in solution as a tetramer. The minimal molecular weight of the oxidase, based on flavin-adenine dinucleotide content, is 66,000, whereas the molecular weight of the oxidase, as measured by equilibrium sedimentation, is approximately 265,000. This paper reports the spectral properties, the amino acid content, the kinetic constants, and some of the enzymic activities of crystalline oxidase.
Material discrimination and thermal perception

This research is focused on the development of a thermal display and understanding the nature of the thermal cues used to identify objects haptically. The objective of the present set of experiments was to measure material discrimination when thermal cues are the main source of information about the materials. A two-alternative forced-choice task was used to assess discrimination. Of the five materials presented to the hand, nylon was the only material reliably discriminated as being warmer than the other materials. A second experiment was conducted to determine the magnitude of the skin temperature changes when contact was made with the materials. The results indicated that thermal responses were small, averaging 0.5/spl deg/C. These findings suggest that temperature cues can be used to discriminate between materials, but only when the thermal differences are large. It appears that subjects respond more to variations in heat capacity than thermal conductivity when discriminating between materials.
ACTH-INDUCED CHANGES IN PURINE AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN DALMATIAN AND MONGREL DOGS12

ADIABETOGENIC effect of ACTH in normal human subjects has beenreported (Conn, Louis and Johnston, 1949). An attempt to induce diabetes in mongrel dogs weighing 10–12 kg. was unsuccessful in this laboratory when a daily dose of 26 mg. of ACTH (Armour Standard) was used. Houssay and Anderson (1949) injected dogs, in which 83–87% of the pancreas had been removed, with 50 mg. of ACTH (96% Armour Standard) per kg. per day for four days. Hyperglycemia was observed in only one of the four treated, but glucose tolerance tests were not reported. Campbell et al. (1950) showed that ACTH (7.5 mg./kg./day) produced mild hyperglycemia and minimal glycosuria in dogs which were selected for their sensitivity to the diabetogenic activity of anterior pituitary extracts. Overbeek (1950) stated that carbohydrate metabolism was not affected in dogs treated with large doses of ACTH (Organon)
NETWORK II.5, LANNET II.5 and COMNET II.5

A powerful modeling tool is presented which can dramatically reduce the amount of time it takes to simulate a computer system. The NETWORK II.5 worldview and the class of problems it addresses are discussed. A summary of NETWORK II.5 capabilities is presented. To tie the concepts together, an example of using NETWORK II.5 is included. Consideration is also given to LAN (local area network) simulation with LANNET II.5 and to communication network simulation with COMNET II.5. LANNET II.5 and COMNET II.5 building blocks are discussed. >
Beam current regulation of DIII-D neutral beam long pulse ion sources

The slow increase of arc and beam currents during the beam pulse is an intrinsic characteristics of the neutral beam long pulse ion source installed on the DIII-D tokamak. This ramping is attributed to the heating of the filaments by energetic electrons backstreaming from the accelerator into the arc chamber. The corresponding change in beam perveance causes the beam optics to vary during a beam pulse, often resulting in an overdense condition. Stepping down the voltage applied to the filaments at beam turn-on was helpful, but its disadvantages called for a better scheme. A technique using a Langmuir probe signal for feedback regulation in the arc power supply is presented. Plasma density within the arc chamber is maintained at a constant value, as is beam current. The arc regulation method also features arc notching at beam turn-on to provide perveance matching during initial beam formation; this is crucial to obtaining smooth initial beam extraction, a high perveance beam, and thus higher-power beam operation. The beam power achieved with this arc notching and regulation technique is about 10% higher than that obtained with the filament voltage step-down method. >
Chiral stability of an extemporaneously prepared clopidogrel bisulfate oral suspension.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chiral stability of clopidogrel bisulfate in an extemporaneously compounded oral suspension for a period of 60 days. METHODS A 5 mg/mL oral suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate was prepared from commercially available Plavix tablets. The clopidogrel suspension was then evenly divided between two light-resistant prescription bottles and stored either under refrigeration (4°C) or at room temperature (25°C). Samples were drawn from the stored suspensions immediately after preparation and on days 7, 14, 28, and 60. Samples were subsequently analyzed at each time point by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column, with chemical stability defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial intact clopidogrel concentration measured. To determine the chiral stability of the suspension, samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral column to investigate possible enantiomeric inversion. Chira...
The role of fossils in phylogeny reconstruction: Why is it so difficult to integrate paleobiological and neontological evolutionary biology?

Why has it been so difficult to integrate paleontology and “mainstream” evolutionary biology? Two common answers are: (1) the two fields have fundamentally different aims, and (2) the tensions arise out of disciplinary squabbles for funding and prestige. This paper examines the role of fossil data in phylogeny reconstruction in order to assess these two explanations. I argue that while cladistics has provided a framework within which to integrate fossil character data, the stratigraphic (temporal) component of fossil data has been harder to integrate. A close examination of how fossil data have been used in phylogeny reconstruction suggests that neither explanation is adequate. While some of the tensions between the fields may be intellectual “turf wars,” the second explanation downplays the genuine difficulty of combining the distinctive data of the two fields. Furthermore, it is simply not the case that the two fields pursue completely distinct aims. Systematists do disagree about precisely how to represent phylogeny (e.g., minimalist cladograms or trees with varying levels of detail) but given that every tree presupposes a pattern of branching (a cladogram), these aims are not completely distinct. The central problem has been developing methods that allow scientists to incorporate the distinctive bodies of data generated by these two fields. Further case studies will be required to determine if this explanation holds for other areas of interaction between paleontology and neontology.
Predicting recreational water quality advisories

Epidemiological studies indicate that fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in beach water are associated with illnesses among people having contact with the water. In order to mitigate public health impacts, many beaches are posted with an advisory when the concentration of FIB exceeds a beach action value. The most commonly used method of measuring FIB concentration takes 18-24 h before returning a result. In order to avoid the 24?h lag, it has become common to "nowcast" the FIB concentration using statistical regressions on environmental surrogate variables. Most commonly, nowcast models are estimated using ordinary least squares regression, but other regression methods from the statistical and machine learning literature are sometimes used. This study compares 14 regression methods across 7 Wisconsin beaches to identify which consistently produces the most accurate predictions. A random forest model is identified as the most accurate, followed by multiple regression fit using the adaptive LASSO. Fourteen regression methods were compared for water-quality prediction.A random forest method produced the most accurate predictions of all methods.Adaptive LASSO produced the most accurate predictions of the linear model options.
Burning Velocities of Mixtures of Air with Methanol, Isooctane, and Indolene at High Pressure and Temperature

Burning velocities of mixtures of air with methonol, isooctane, and indolene (RMFD303) have been measured using the constant volume bomb method for fuel-air equivalence ratios φ = 0.8-1.5 over the pressure and temperature ranges p = 0.4–50 atm and T = 298–700K. The effect of adding simulated combustion products to stoichiometric isooctane-air mixtures was also studied for diluent mass fractions f = 0−0.2. Over the range studied, the results can be fit within ± 10% by the functional form Su = Su0 (TuT0) α(pp0)β (1–2.1f), where Su0 depends on fuel type and equivalence ratio and α and β depend only on equivalence ratio. In overlapping ranges, the results agree well with those previously reported.
Fertility and Family Well-Being Effects of an Aggressive Family Planning Policy in Peru in the 1990s

In the mid-1990s President Fujimori of Peru initiated an aggressive family planning program to address widespread poverty in the country. Female sterilization was a publicly stated element of the program, but anecdotal evidence suggests that health workers were given large sterilization quotas and reportedly used bribes, coercion, and even force to meet them. While the exact details of the program were not public, the Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys provide evidence of a large increase in sterilizations during the suspected policy window. In this paper we will address three research questions: First, who was affected by the Fujimori sterilization policy? Second, what was impact of the policy on fertility? Third, what, if any, impact did the policy have on household well-being? We tackle these questions sequentially, with each stage feeding into the next. We carefully outline the challenges and assumptions behind causal identification at each stage.
Design and Implementation of a Digital Controller for DC-to-DC Power Converters

A digital signal processor (DSP) solution is proposed to control an H-bridge DC-DC isolated output power converter. The multiple mode digital controller is evaluated with an existing Westinghouse 1-kW power stage. The digital controller was developed using the dSPACE [1] rapid prototype development system and MATLAB/Simulink. It is evaluated using a real-time digital control development platform that included the actual Westinghouse converter power stage. Preliminary digital controller performance is presented that warrants continued investigation and development of this application of digital control and supports the use of the DSP as a viable component in Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) applications.
Emotion work and the archaeology of consensus: the Northern Iroquoian case

AbstractIn archaeology, emotion has often been thought to lie beyond the reach of responsible materialist scholarship. However, this study illustrates the central role of emotion in the formation of consensus-based political systems. In the Late Woodland longhouse societies of north-eastern North America, political alliance-building depended on emotion work – elaborated interpersonal attentions in the form of grooming, bodily adornment, smoking and gift-giving that were intended to shift the affective character of relationships and satisfy deep personal desires. Emotion work depended heavily on material things – especially wampum beads and smoking pipes – that connected individual bodies with the body politic. A crucial part of the process of building and maintaining grassroots social collectives, emotion work produced historically particular forms of power and political subjectivity. These practices can be understood as a kind of corporeal politics, one with lasting consequences for indigenous sociopolit...
Bacteriologic Studies in Acute Rheumatic Fever with Reference to Soluble Toxin Production.

An extensive comparative study was made of the production of soluble toxins by hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci, isolated from a large series of normal and diseased individuals. The author encountered a strongly toxigenic strain of a non-hemolytic, non-methemoglobin-forming, inulin-fermenting, bile-insoluble, gram-positive streptococcus, isolated on March 24, 1926, from blood-cultures of a 5-year-old girl, ill with acute rheumatic fever, endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and pleurisy. Post mortem, the identical organism was isolated from the vegetations on the mitral valves, as well as from the heart's blood. In subsequent studies, a similar non-methemoglobin-forming streptococcus was regularly isolated from the tonsillar crypts, abscesses, and irregularly from blood-cultures, heart-vegetations, feces and urine, of persons with rheumatic fever and the allied forms of this protean disease. Culturally, serologically, and toxigenically, this new type of non-methemoglobin-forming streptococci w...
Tyramide Signal Amplification for Antibody-overlay Lectin Microarray: A Strategy to Improve the Sensitivity of Targeted Glycan Profiling

Antibody-overlay lectin microarray (ALM) has been used for targeted glycan profiling to identify disease-related protein glycoforms. In this context, high sensitivity is desired because it allows for the identification of disease-related glycoforms that are often present at low concentrations. We describe a new tyramide signal amplification (TSA) for the antibody-overlay lectin microarray procedure for sensitive profiling of glycosylation patterns. We demonstrate that TSA increased the sensitivity of the microarray over 100 times for glycan profiling using the model protein prostate specific antigen (PSA). The glycan profile of PSA enriched from LNCAP cells, obtained at a subnanogram level with the aid of TSA, was consistent with the previous reports. We also established the glycan profile of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using the TSA and ALM. Thus, the TSA for antibody-overlay lectin microarray is a sensitive, rapid, comprehensive, and high-throughput method for targeted glycan profiling and can potentially be used for the identification of disease-related protein glycoforms.
MWIR-to-Visible and LWIR-to-Visible Face Recognition Using Partial Least Squares and Dictionary Learning

Cross-spectral face recognition, which seeks to match a face image acquired in one spectral band (e.g., infrared) to that of a face acquired in another band (e.g., visible), is a relatively new area of research in the biometrics community. Thermal-to-visible face recognition has been receiving increasing attention, due to its promising potential for low-light or nighttime surveillance and intelligence gathering applications . However, matching a thermal probe image to a visible face database is highly challenging. Thermal imaging is emission dominated, acquiring thermal radiation naturally emitted by facial tissue, while visible imaging is reflection dominated, acquiring light reflected from the surface of the face. The resulting difference between the thermal face signature and the visible face signature renders conventional algorithms designed for within-spectral matching (e.g., visible-to-visible) unsuitable for thermal-to-visible face recognition. In this chapter, two thermal-to-visible face recognition approaches are discussed: (1) a partial least squares (PLS) -based approach and (2) a dictionary learning SVM approach. Preprocessing and feature extraction techniques used to correlate the signatures in the feature subspace are also discussed. We present recognition results on an extensive multimodal face dataset containing facial imagery acquired under different experimental conditions. Furthermore, we discuss key findings and implications for MWIR-to-visible and LWIR-to-visible face recognition. Finally, a novel imaging technique for acquiring an unprecedented level of facial detail in thermal images, polarimetric LWIR, is presented along with a framework for performing cross-spectral face recognition .
Worker-Owned and Unionized Worker-Owned Cooperatives: Two Tools to Address Income Inequality

This article evaluates worker-owned and unionized worker-owned cooperatives as alternatives to the conventional corporate structures for businesses in the United States. With their focus on democratic governance and shared ownership, worker-owned cooperatives offer an antidote to the extreme inequality of income and deterioration of working conditions that workers are experiencing. These are inequities for which corporate prioritization of executive compensation and shareholder enrichment are at least partly responsible. While questions have been raised concerning the sustainability of the cooperative form, two examples of large, well established cooperatives – Mondragon and Cooperative Home Care Associates – demonstrate how capitalization strategies, cooperative ecosystems, and strategic affiliations with unions can leverage resources to start and keep cooperative businesses functioning. The article also documents the growth of municipal and institutional support for the cooperative form of business ownership, and the role that the City University of New York’s Community Economic Development Law Clinic (CEDC) has played in supporting that movement domestically and internationally. That support has included developing curricula to build the capacity of worker cooperatives, participating in creating and sustaining the creation of a city-wide advocacy coalition, organizing annual conferences, and successfully working with local legislatures to increase funding for cooperatives. Law students in CEDC have gained skills of transactional lawyering, movement lawyering and coalition-building through their representation of individual worker cooperatives and their work with a city-wide advocacy coalition for cooperatives. Of particular note in the pedagogy of this representation are the advanced skills of integrative counseling and inclusive problem solving that assistance for complex actors requires.
Research on genetic variance of common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon Griff)from a special habitat in Guangdong Province

Research on 25 common wild rice samples collected from special habitat located in forest area,far from cultivated rice field,in Fogang County,Guangdong Province were conducted.7 perennial and annual wild rice from abroad and 8 native cultivated rice varities were used as checks and 21 morph biological characters were evaluated to analysis genetic variances of the tested samples.The results showed that there were significant differences in 20 characters among of the 21 evaluated characters.Fuzzy cluster analysis showed that 25 samples of Fogang wild rice could be divided into four groups with significant difference from the checks.It is approved that there is rich in genetic variance in the special niche of common wild rice but no annual wild rice,cultivated rice and glutinous rice were found yet.
Examining hospice enrollment through a novel lens: Decision time.

Objective: No prior studies on hospice utilization have captured information about the amount of time between when one first learns of hospice as a potential option for care and when he/she actually enrolls. Little is in fact known about this decision-making process. The present study examines hospice enrollment by exploring relationships between hospice decision time and known barriers to care. Method: This was an exploratory cross-sectional study. Pearson's r was employed to identify bivariate relationships between barriers to care and decision time for hospice care. Independent-sample t tests and ANOVA were utilized to consider differences in decision time across key variables. Results: Some 90 hospice patients, or their primary decision maker, participated in the study from a not-for-profit hospice located in the southern United States. Decision time was correlated with referral source, use of disease-directed treatment, functional status (on the Palliative Performance Scale [PPS]), age, diagnosis, income, race, and spirituality—suggesting that decision time is a pertinent variable when examining hospice utilization. Differences in decision time were found across diagnosis, race, income, and referral source. Significance of results: This study provides implications for policy and practice, particularly for clinicians faced with initial conversations about hospice care. Differences in decision time highlight ongoing needs related to overcoming healthcare disparities, the important role of including families in initial conversations, and the potential need for varied approaches to talking about hospice care based upon diagnosis. Results also highlight the need for policies supportive of concurrent care, where hospice can be accessed alongside curative care.
Perceptions and experiences underlying self-management and reporting of symptoms in teens with asthma

AbstractBackground: Teens often have inadequate asthma self-management and control. However, little is known of their perceptions of or rationales for self-management behaviors. Objectives: To explore how teens self-manage asthma, including experiences, perceptions, responses to and reporting of symptoms. Methods: A case-based, qualitative-descriptive design was used. Data were collected from minority and non-minority teens with controlled and uncontrolled asthma and their respective parents (N = 28). There were four data-collection points, including: (1) a primary teen interview; (2) parent interview; (3) 2-week self-management voice-diary; and (4) follow-up teen interview, incorporating symptom-response card-sorting to map symptoms and associated self-management responses. Seventy data sources were included in the analysis. Results: Teens thought of their asthma symptoms as normal or unusual relative to their personal baseline symptom pattern; Those with uncontrolled asthma normalized higher levels of a...
Electrolyte content and distribution in human myometrium: II. Childbearing age group

Abstract Normal myometria from 75 patients in the reproductive age range were analysed for: total water, Na, K, Ca, Cl contents, and inulin space. The cases were arranged into five groups according to menstrual history and histologic stage of endometrium. From serum values of Na, K, Ca and Cl, myometrial water content, and inulin space; distribution and concentrations of ions were calculated. Under the stated conditions of investigation, the following conclusions are warranted: 1. 1. About 80 per cent of myometrial weight is water. Its total amount and distribution are significantly influenced by the cyclic estrogen-progesterone relationship. 2. 2. Extracellular space, estimated by inulin space, contains 40 to 44 per cent of the tissue water. 3. 3. Sodium and potassium contents and concentrations have a significant negative correlation in different areas of the same uterus, in different uteri, and throughout the ovarian cycle. 4. 4. Chloride and sodium, total as well as concentration, change predictably in the same direction but not proportionally, while Cl and K intracellular concentrations have a negative correlation. 5. 5. Sodium and chloride appear to be intracellular ions in high concentrations. 6. 6. The calculated K diffusion potential is considerably higher than reported measured resting membrane potentials, indicating the possibility that the latter may be the resultant of the interaction of the several free intracellular ions.
Arkadia (RING Finger Protein 111) Mediates Sumoylation-Dependent Stabilization of Nrf2 Through K48-Linked Ubiquitination.

Background/aims The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of the antioxidant defense system, protecting cells from oxidative damage. We previously reported that the SUMO-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligase (STUbL), RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) accelerated the degradation rate of Nrf2 in promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear body (PML-NB)-enriched fractions and decreased Nrf2-mediated gene transcription. The mechanisms that regulate Nrf2 nuclear levels are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to explore the role of the second mammalian STUbL, Arkadia/RNF111 on Nrf2. Methods Arkadia mediated ubiquitination was detected using co-immunoprecipitation assays in which whole cell lysates were immunoprecipated with anti-Nrf2 antibody and Western blotted with anti-hemagglutinin (HA) antibody or anti-Lys-48 ubiquitin-specific antibody. The half-life of Nrf2 was detected in whole cell lysates and promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear body enriched fractions by cycloheximide-chase. Reporter gene assays were performed using the antioxidant response element (ARE)-containing promoter Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Results We show that Arkadia/RNF111 is able to ubiquitinate Nrf2 resulting in the stabilization of Nrf2. This stabilization was mediated through Lys-48 ubiquitin chains, contrary to traditionally degradative role of Lys-48 ubiquitination, suggesting that Lys-48 ubiquitination of Nrf2 protects Nrf2 from degradation thereby allowing Nrf2-dependent gene transcription. Conclusion Collectively, these findings highlight a novel mechanism to positively regulate nuclear Nrf2 levels in response to oxidative stress through Arkadia-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of Nrf2.
Infant napkin dermatitis

A discussion outlining the characteristics, treatment and nursing management of ‘nappy rash’
Market share and recent hiring trends in anthropology faculty positions.

Between 1985 and 2014, the number of US doctoral graduates in Anthropology increased from about 350 to 530 graduates per year. This rise in doctorates entering the work force along with an overall decrease in the numbers of tenure-track academic positions has resulted in highly competitive academic job market. We estimate that approximately79% of US anthropology doctorates do not obtain tenure-track positions at BA/BS, MA/MS, and PhD institutions in the US. Here, we examine where US anthropology faculty obtained their degrees and where they ultimately end up teaching as tenure-track faculty. Using data derived from the 2014–2015 AnthroGuide and anthropology departmental web pages, we identify and rank PhD programs in terms of numbers of graduates who have obtained tenure-track academic jobs; examine long-term and ongoing trends in the programs producing doctorates for the discipline as a whole, as well as for the subfields of archaeology, bioanthropology, and sociocultural anthropology; and discuss gender inequity in academic anthropology within the US.
Post-9/11 Anxieties, Donald Trump’s “Post-truths,” Pershing, and Contemporary Defenses of Counterinsurgency “Hearts and Minds” Strategies

In this chapter, the author argues that after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, stories about Pershing and pigs started to resurface as intelligence communities “took the gloves” off and came with all types of imaginative counterterrorist strategies. This was a period of time when everyone from Senators to milbloggers was circulating stories of how Pershing may have shot captured Moros with bullets dipped in pig’s blood, and all sorts of permutations of the tale were spread by those who searched for deterrence “Islamic fundamentalists” during the “Global War on Terrorism.” This chapter also shows many of Trump’s critics, at the same time that they attacked the arrival of “post-truths,” applauded the way that Pershing had actually used “hearts and minds” strategies.
Generalized wavelet transforms over finite fields

In this article we introduce the abstract notion of generalized wavelet (affine) groups over finite fields as the finite group of generalized dilations, and translations. We then present a unified ...
Intravesical PAI-1 modifies the bladder tumor microenvironment and inhibits tumor invasion and angiogenesis

1153 The depth of bladder tumor invasion into the underlying muscle wall is the strongest clinical prognostic factor in bladder cancer. Thus inhibiting this event will have a significant impact on patient outcome. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a member of the SERPIN (serine protease inhibitor) superfamily which potently inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). This in turn limits the extent of extracellular matrix degradation and reduces activation of MMPs and growth factors. The literature reveals however that PAI-1 effects are concentration dependent. Thus we hypothesize that direct contact of PAI-1 to bladder tumors by intravesical application would be particularly efficacious. We exploit an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model to enable us to show for the first time that intravesical PAI-1 significantly and effectively impedes bladder tumor progression. Intravesical implantation of AY-27 rat bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells (1x 106) into the acid-preconditioned bladder lumen of syngeneic female Fisher F344 rats results in a tumor take rate of 95% at 17 days. At 3 weeks post-implantation, rats received 1μM PAI-1 or BSA control, twice/week for 2 weeks via intravesical cannula. Bladders were harvested 3 days after the last treatment. The treatment effects were immediately discernable on gross examination. Control group tumors grossly involved the underlying muscularis. These tumors were bulky, fleshy, and appeared red with a peritumoral rim of angiogenic vessels. In contrast, the PAI-1 treated tumors were smaller, pale, and flat. The average size of the control tumors was 762.03 mm3 compared to 362.80 mm3 in the PAI-1 group. Histological analysis confirmed that eight out of nine control treated tumors showed muscular invasion whereas most the tumors in the PAI-1 treatment group were superficially confined (Stage T1 or T2). The angiogenic index was significantly reduced in the PAI-1 group. PAI-1 treatment is accompanied with a decrease of uPA activity as determined by rat active uPA ELISA. This results in less matrix breakdown as shown by histologic stain and analysis. No rats from either groups developed distant metastases nor showed spleen, kidney, lung, liver, or heart toxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the viability of intravesical treatment of bladder tumors using an matrix-modifying agent that inhibits both invasion and angiogenesis. Translation of these observations into a clinical trial is under development.
A Successful Steroid-Sparing Approach in Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome

Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome (CCS) is a rare, sporadic polyposis condition. The literature on CCS consists mostly of case reports. Although disease presentation has been well-described, there is no consensus on the management of CCS. We present a severe case of CCS that demonstrated clinical and endoscopic response to corticosteroids. This response was maintained with azathioprine. This case provides additional experience on a therapeutic strategy to induce and maintain a durable corticosteroid-free remission.
Toward an Autonomous Communications Relay for Deep-Water Scientific AUV Operations

We are developing an over-the horizon deep-water autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) supervision capability by introducing a second autonomous vehicle, an autonomous surface vessel (ASV) with continuous access to Iridium satellite communications, that acts as a communications gateway between operators on the ship or on shore and the AUV. This enables operators to monitor dive progress remotely, including uplinking science data and optionally modifying the AUV's mission in response, frees the ship to conduct other operations remote from the AUV, and enables new operations paradigms. An important question is whether these benefits outweigh the costs associated with managing another vehicle and the degradation in navigation and map quality that results from operating outside the range of the ship's Ultra-Short BaseLine (USBL) positioning system. We undertook trials in 2018 with the Sentry AUV and an LRI Wave Glider ASV, operating the system for a total of 15 Sentry dives. The Wave Glider was recovered once for a planned 24 hr hardware upgrade but otherwise remained deployed for nearly all of our time on station.We report the coordination algorithm employed, along with assessments of system performance in terms of acoustic link reliability, the impact on post-processed AUV navigation from the absence of the ship, and logistical footprint—the impact of the system on the Sentry operations team and other ship operations.
Toward Classification of Classical Lie Superalgebras

The purpose of this talk is to list the known simple Z-graded Lie superalgebras of finite growth over the field ¢ of complex numbers, compare the list with the similar one for Lie algebras, discuss their completeness and make emphasis on the geometric structures preserved by these algebras.
Finding and validating medical information shared on Twitter: experiences using a crowdsourcing approach

Social media provide users a channel to share meaningful and insightful information with their network of connected individuals. Harnessing this public information at scale is a powerful notion as social media is rife with public perceptions, signals, and data about a variety of topics. However, there is a common trade-off in collecting information from social media: the more specific the topic, the more challenging it is to extract reliable and truthful information. In this paper, we present an experience report describing our efforts in developing and applying a novel approach to identify, extract, and validate topic specific information using the Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) crowdsourcing platform. The approach was applied in a use-case where meaningful information about a medical condition (major depressive disorder) was successfully extracted from Twitter. Our approach, and lessons learned, may serve as a generic methodology for extracting relevant and meaningful data from social media platforms and help researchers who are interested in harnessing Twitter, AMT, and the like for reliable information discovery.
The cost of citizenship: Assimilation and survival in Cristela

The American dream narrative advances the idea that any citizen can achieve success through hard work, but research shows that meritocracy is continually denied to minorities both systemically and through acts of gatekeeping. ABC’s Cristela (2014–2015) presents a quintessential American dream narrative, and we are invited to cheer for the legal intern protagonist because she is hardworking, well-educated and makes sacrifices to get ahead. Nevertheless, Cristela faces strong gatekeeping from Anglo law firm owner Trent Culpepper. How will she respond? To understand how the protagonist surmounts this gatekeeping, this article considers circumstances of series production that necessitated speaking to two audiences simultaneously. For Anglo viewers, Cristela encodes submission to power structures as a positive act of assimilation, while for Latinos, it develops a narrative of submission as an ambivalent survival strategy. The cost of citizenship thus becomes what Cristela must sacrifice to gain access to the American dream, portraying the complexity of “making it” in America.
Relation between mean platelet volume and C-reactive protein.

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of platelet activation, and C-reactive protein (CRP) is an established marker of inflammation. Studies on the correlation between MPV and CRP have produced a...
Driving eligibility: Implications of studies on seizure recurrence risk.

Background Driving is one of the most important issues for patients with seizures. The 2009 European directive provides a framework for evaluating standard situations in assessing the ability to drive. Such a framework may not be sufficient for individual scenarios. Aims of the study To analyse current data on seizure recurrence risks (RcRs) focusing on their potential implications for car driving issues (group 1). Methods We evaluated current studies and meta-analyses on RcR. Results A meta-analysis of seizure-free patients who withdrew their medication (Lamberink et al Lancet Neurology 2017;16:523) created a nomogram and a web-based tool that allow estimating RcR in individual patients and thus to identify those in whom medication withdrawal is possible without the common driving ban during withdrawal. The 2-year prediction model of that meta-analysis has been recently externally tested and confirmed. A meta-analysis of patients with a first unprovoked seizure (Bonnett et al PloS ONE 2014;9:e99063) determined to which extent RcRs depend on established risk factors. The seizure-free period required to restart driving could be tailored according to the individual RcR. Conclusion These current studies allow estimating individual RcR more precisely and thus modifying periods of driving bans beyond the existing guidelines.
Rice embryogenic trigger BABY BOOM1 promotes somatic embryogenesis by upregulation of auxin biosynthesis genes

ABSTRACT Somatic embryogenesis, a powerful tool for clonal propagation and for plant transformation, involves cellular reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to acquire pluripotency. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced by treating explants with plant growth regulators. However, several plant species including agronomically important cereal crops remain recalcitrant to dedifferentiation and transformation except from embryonic tissues. Somatic embryogenesis can also be induced by ectopic expression of select embryonic factors, including in cereals by BABY BOOM (BBM) transcription factors. How BBM genes bypass the need for exogenous hormones is not well understood. Here, we investigated downstream targets during induction of somatic embryogenesis in rice by OsBBM1 ((Oryza sativa BABY BOOM1). Transient induction of OsBBM1 led to the upregulation of auxin biosynthesis OsYUCCA genes. Continued induction of OsBBM1 resulted in somatic embryogenesis without the need for exogenous auxins. Genetic mutant analysis of OsBBM1 downstream targets, OsYUCCA6, OsYUCCA7 and OsYUCCA9, show that they are required for normal rice development including root and shoot development. Somatic embryogenic potential of OsYUCCA triple mutants was highly compromised despite the presence of exogenous auxin. Additionally, we show that somatic embryogenesis induction by exogenous auxin in rice requires functional BBM genes. Thus, OsBBM1 mediated cellular reprogramming and somatic embryogenesis likely involves increased localized auxin through direct upregulation of OsYUCCA genes. This study reveals mechanistic details of how somatic embryogenesis is established in differentiated tissues in rice, a monocot model and agronomically important cereal crop, with the potential utility to improve regeneration from tissue culture for recalcitrant plants in future. One-sentence summary Rice BABY BOOM1 induces somatic embryogenesis from differentiated tissues by promoting auxin biosynthesis through direct upregulation of YUCCA genes.