cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RIGHT VENTRICULAR STROKE WORK INDEX AS PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR FOR POST-PROCEDURAL MORBIDITY AND 1-YEAR MORTALITY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Compromised right ventricular function as defined by depressed right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) increases morbidity after cardiac surgery. The prevalence and impact of preoperative RVSWI on morbidity and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unknown. We
Band structure representations of the electronic structure of one-dimensional materials with helical symmetry

The relationship between band structure and the topology of the orbital interactions between neighboring chemical units comprising several model one-dimensional polymers with helical (screw-axis) symmetry is analyzed. A perturbative model of orbital interactions based on a tight binding implementation of the extended Huckel method is developed. The model accounts for both the band topologies and the seemingly anomalous band extrema within the Brillouin zone constructed using the chemical repeat unit of the polymer.
Evaluation of Food Service Satisfaction Surveys in an Inpatient Psychiatric Facility

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To demonstrate the effectiveness of Continuous Quality Improvement in a psychiatric facility. Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) managerial tools, such as surveying and benchmarking, are essential for evaluating and monitoring patient satisfaction. From 1993 through 1995, surveys regarding the food and food service were administered to inpatients at a state mental health center. Two other inpatient psychiatric facilities were also surveyed to provide comparison groups for benchmarking. The state facility provided a non-select menu with bulk food delivery. Survey and benchmarking results during 1993 indicated that the patients at the state hospital were less satisfied with their food than patients at the other two psychiatric facilities. Overall satisfaction was rated at 60%: 30% lower than the other two facilities. This gap in patient satisfaction provided the objective data needed to convince administration to change the method of food service. Following the implementation of a new food delivery system in December, 1993, overall satisfaction increased 18%. The new system consisted of self-select menus and individual tray delivery. All survey variables increased significantly (p≤.01) and became comparable between the three psychiatric facilities. The surveys collected during 1995 continued to demonstrate a high level of satisfaction at the state facility. This study is an excellent example of how a psychiatric facility used CQI tools to survey its population, benchmark comparisons and use the data for quality planning and control. It provides a framework that other healthcare facilities can follow to improve and monitor patient services.
CCG Chart Realization from Disjunctive Inputs

This paper presents a novel algorithm for efficiently generating paraphrases from disjunctive logical forms. The algorithm is couched in the framework of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) and has been implemented as an extension to the OpenCCG surface realizer. The algorithm makes use of packed representations similar to those initially proposed by Shemtov (1997), generalizing the approach in a more straightforward way than in the algorithm ultimately adopted therein.
Protein Interaction Predictions from Diverse Sources

Protein-protein interactions play an important role in many cellular processes. The availability of a comprehensive and accurate list of protein interactions can facilitate drug target discovery. Recent advances in high-throughput experimental technologies have generated enormous amounts of data and provided valuable resources for studying protein interactions. However, these technologies suffer from high error rates because of their inherent limitations. Therefore, computational approaches capable of incorporating multiple data sources are needed to fully take advantage of the rapid accumulation of data. In this review, we focus on the computational methods that integrate multiple data sources by combining direct measurements on protein interactions from diverse organisms, and by integrating different types of indirect information from various genomic and proteomic approaches.
Science games and the development of scientific possible selves.

Serious scientific games, especially those that include a virtual apprenticeship component, provide players with realistic experiences in science. This article discusses how science games can influence learning about science and the development of science-oriented possible selves through repeated practice in professional play and through social influences (e.g., peer groups). We first review the theory of possible selves (Markus and Nurius 1986) and discuss the potential of serious scientific games for influencing the development of scientific possible selves. As part of our review, we present a forensic game that inspired our work. Next we present a measure of scientific possible selves and assess its reliability and validity with a sample of middle-school students (N = 374). We conclude by discussing the promise of science games and the development of scientific possible selves on both the individual and group levels as a means of inspiring STEM careers among adolescents.
A cellular, molecular, and pharmacological basis for appendage regeneration in mice

Regenerative medicine aims to restore normal tissue architecture and function. However, the basis of tissue regeneration in mammalian solid organs remains undefined. Remarkably, mice lacking p21 fully regenerate injured ears without discernable scarring. Here we show that, in wild-type mice following tissue injury, stromal-derived factor-1 (Sdf1) is up-regulated in the wound epidermis and recruits Cxcr4-expressing leukocytes to the injury site. In p21-deficient mice, Sdf1 up-regulation and the subsequent recruitment of Cxcr4-expressing leukocytes are significantly diminished, thereby permitting scarless appendage regeneration. Lineage tracing demonstrates that this regeneration derives from fate-restricted progenitor cells. Pharmacological or genetic disruption of Sdf1-Cxcr4 signaling enhances tissue repair, including full reconstitution of tissue architecture and all cell types. Our findings identify signaling and cellular mechanisms underlying appendage regeneration in mice and suggest new therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine.
The Loss of the person-marker t- In Jibbali and Socotri

Johnstone (1968, 1975, 1980, 1981) has pointed out that two of the Modern South Arabian group of Semitic languages, Jibbali (Śḥeri) and Socotri, systematically lose the person-marking prefix t - (whether it mark the second person or the feminine third person) in certain types of verbs. An example of this phenomenon from Jibbali may be seen in the passive paradigm of the basic stem, which is given below alongside the active-voice paradigm of a ‘stative’- type basic verb, the conjugation of which (aside from the person-markers under discussion) closely matches that of the passive form. In the active voice, the tappears in the positions in which we expect it on the basis of the cognate prefixes in the other Semitic languages, while in the passive voice the t - is absent.
Regulation of gross growth efficiency and ammonium regeneration in bacteria by substrate C: N ratio1

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were cultured on combinations of C and N sources (amino acids, glucose, and NH,‘) to span a range of substrate C: N ratios from 1.5 : 1 to 10 : 1. Catabolic metabolism of the N component of amino acid substrates led to NH,+ regeneration during exponential growth. The efficiency of this regeneration (RN) and also of the carbon gross growth efficiency (GGE) generally was independent of the sources of C and N, but increased as the C : N ratio of the substrate (C : NJ decrcascd relative to the C : N ratio of the bacterial biomass (C : NJ. The clemental chemical composition (C : N: P ratio) of the bacterial biomass was relatively invariant at about 45 : 9 : 1 and the gross growth efficiency varied from a threshold value of about 40-50% at C : Ns > 6 : 1 up to 94% when C : N, was 1.5 : 1. Hence, R, varied from 00/o when C : N, was 10: 1 up to 86% when C: N, was 1.5 : 1. Inorganic sources of both N and P were taken up only in stoichiometric quantities during this phase of growth. Regeneration of NH,+ during the stationary phase as well as of POd3- occurred, most likely due to endogenous metabolism or cell death, but the magnitude of this regeneration seemed to increase greatly only when C: N, was ~6 : 1. Considering that amino acids frequently do not provide all of the N required and that carbohydrates often are the major C source for growth of marine bacteria, we speculate that C : Ns of available substrates in marine waters is > 10 : 1. Hence, actively growing bacteria may be inefficient remineralizers of N.
The metameric pattern of Hypsibius dujardini(Eutardigrada) and its relationship to that of other panarthropods

Tardigrades are an ancient lineage of microinvertebrates with a unique metameric pattern consisting of a head and four lobopodal leg-bearing segments. While their close relationship to Onychophora and Arthropoda is well established, many questions remain about the structure and origin of the tardigrade metameric pattern. For example, the relationship of the tardigrade head to that of Arthropoda and Onychophora remains a contentious issue. One source of contention stems from disagreement about the structure of the tardigrade brain. The availability of developmental tools for the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini give this species the potential to clarify questions regarding the relationship of tardigrade segmental patterns to those in Arthropoda and Onychophora. Here we investigate the nervous system, muscle system, and cuticle anatomy of H. dujardini using high-resolution microscopy methods. We characterized nervous system anatomy of H. dujardini using a combination of anti-β -tubulin staining and DAPI staining and muscle system anatomy using phalloidin staining. We identified several brain lobes: paired outer lobes, paired inner lobes, and a single horseshoe-shaped ventral lobe. We also characterized similarities and differences in the nervous system and muscle system anatomy of the four body segments. Based on these, we detect distinct morphological identities for each segment in this species. Based on comparisons of our results to previous reports, we find support for an ancestral tardigrade brain exhibiting architecture similar to that of H. dujardini. Comparisons to other tardigrade species suggest that each segment in the ancestral tardigrade possessed a unique morphological identity, rather than exhibiting strictly homonomous segmentation, and thus that differentiation of anterior segment identities arose prior to the diversification of panarthropodan lineages. This hypothesis can be further tested by examination of the expression boundaries of anterior Hox genes, which differentiate anterior segments through a mechanism conserved between onychophorans and arthropods. Our investigation of H. dujardini segmental morphologies will facilitate developmental genetic studies in this species that promise to illuminate the relationship of the tardigrade metameric pattern to that of other panarthropods.
Exploiting Downstream Mobility to Achieve Fast Upstream Message Propagation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) promise to enable many novel applications in transportation systems including accident avoidance, congestion sensing, traffic metering, and general in-car information services. Yet implementing multi-hop vehicular communications is highly challenging due to the highly time-varying nature of vehicles. In addition to node mobility and the impediments of wireless communication, a network comprised of moving vehicles is a dynamic system that can be fragmented into many individual components of disparate connectivity. In this paper we describe and analyze a routing scheme that exploits this dynamic connectivity for the purpose of message propagation of attributed (or labelled) data in a fragmented VANET. Our analysis provides upper and lower bounds on message propagation rate as a function of the traffic density, vehicle speed, and radio range; and sheds light into the role played by each of these network parameters. An important insight from our analysis is that vehicle mobility in the opposite traffic direction can be used to achieve substantial gains in message propagation rates. Our analytical findings are supported by extensive simulations. The simulation results indicate that under certain traffic conditions an increase in vehicle mobility results in an order-of-magnitude increase in message propagation rate.
Alterations in the cAMP signal transduction pathway in mouse lung tumorigenesis.

Alterations in the cAMP signal transduction pathway are associated with mouse lung neoplasia. cAMP effects are mediated by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes, PKA I and PKA II. E9, a tumorigenic cell line, exhibited decreased PKA I levels compared to C10 cells, a nontumorigenic cell line of similar epithelial origin. Western immunoblots of PKA subunit proteins demonstrated low concentrations of both the catalytic (C) and regulatory (RI) PKA I subunits. Although RII (regulatory subunit of PKA II) concentrations were similar in both cell lines, RII from E9 cells was more highly phosphorylated than in C10 cells. RII phosphorylation status regulates cAMP activation of PKA II. Northern-blot analysis of mRNA content indicated diminished expression of both C and RI mRNA in E9 relative to C10 cells. Several endogenous PKA substrate proteins present in C10 cells were minimally phosphorylated by PKA in E9 cells. Forskolin, which raises cellular cAMP content, increased phosphorylation of a protein dou...
Lysosomal Apparatus in Uterine Muscle: Effects of Estrogen and of Ovariectomy'

In uterine muscle from nongravid rats, the specific activities of lysosomal enzymes change with ovarian hormonal stateand approximate those found inliver.However, inpreviousmorphological studies lysosomes were not found in uterinemuscle from cycling rats.In thisstudy we examined the ultrastructureof rat uterine muscle during estrus,afterovariectomy, and after subsequent injectionof estrogen and/or progesterone,i.e.,under the same experimental conditions used by the author in an earlierbiochemical study (Sloane and Bird, 1977). In uterine muscle cells under estrogen domination, lysosomal dense bodies were routinely observed. These cellsalsohad an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi apparatus as well as many vacuoles and residualbodies. Within I day afterovariectomy, coated vesiclesand primary lysosomes could be observed budding from the Golgi or GERL (region of tubules between the Golgi and RER from which lysosomes bud). At 3 weeks postovariectomy, the only lysosomal structurespresent were a few residualbodies. Changes in the number of lysosomes in uterine muscle cellscorrelatedwith changes in lysosomal enzyme activities,yet the number of lysosomes did not seem sufficientto account for the enzyme activity,suggestingthat lysosomal enzymes in uterine muscle may be stored in the RER, Golgi, or GERL.
Satellite tracking reveals distinct movement patterns for Type B and Type C killer whales in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica

During January/February 2006, we satellite-tracked two different ecotypes of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica, using surface-mounted tags attached with sub-dermal darts. A single Type B whale (pinniped prey specialist), tracked for 27 days, traveled an average net distance of 56.8 ± 32.8 km day−1, a maximum of 114 km day−1, and covered an estimated area of 49,351 km2. It spent several days near two large emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colonies, a potential prey item for this form. By contrast, four Type C killer whales (fish prey specialists) tracked for 7–65 days, traveled an average net distance of 20 ± 8.3 km day−1, a maximum of 56 net km day−1, and covered an estimated area of only 5,223 km2. These movement patterns are consistent with those of killer whale ecotypes in the eastern North Pacific where mammal-eating ‘transients’ travel widely and are less predictable in their movements, and fish-eating ‘residents’ have a more localized distribution and more predictable occurrence, at least during the summer months.
Mutation Operators for Spreadsheets

Based on 1) research into mutation testing for general-purpose programming languages and 2) spreadsheet errors that have been reported in the literature, we have developed a suite of mutation operators for spreadsheets. We present an evaluation of the mutation adequacy of definition-use adequate test suites generated by a constraint-based automatic test-case generation system we have developed in previous work. The results of the evaluation suggest additional constraints that can be incorporated into the system to target mutation adequacy. In addition to being useful in mutation testing of spreadsheets, the operators can be used in the evaluation of error-detection tools and also for seeding spreadsheets with errors for empirical studies. We describe two case studies where the suite of mutation operators helped us carry out such empirical evaluations. The main contribution of this paper is a suite of mutation operators for spreadsheets that can be used for performing empirical evaluations of spreadsheet tools to indicate ways in which the tools can be improved.
Cranial anatomy of Ignacius graybullianus and the affinities of the Plesiadapiformes

A nearly complete cranium of Ignacius graybullianus provides increased understanding of the cranial anatomy of Plesiadapiformes. In nearly all details of cranial anatomy, Ignacius differs markedly from primates. USNM 421608 exhibits a long tapering snout, small widely spaced orbits, and a complete lack of postorbital process or bar. Large olfactory bulbs are inferred from the wide interorbital space. The marked flare of the zygomatic arches suggests that Ignacius possessed large and powerful temporal muscles. The basicranial region is particularly well preserved and reveals a distinct suture between the petrosal bone and an entotympanic bulla. This suture is visible on both the left and right sides of the skull and dispels the hypothesis that Ignacius and, by inference, other Plesiadapiformes share the primate synapomorphy of a petrosal bulla. To test the phylogenetic position of Ignacius, cranial characters were identified and scored for Ignacius, Plesiadapis, Cynocephalus, and a number of primates, bats, and scandentians. Two erinaceomorph insectivores were also included to allow the assessment of archontan monophyly. These characters were incorporated into a maximum-parsimony analysis to determine the phylogenetic position of Plesiadapiformes. There are several important phylogenetic conclusions that can be inferred from this analysis: 1) Ignacius and Plesiadapis make up a monophyletic clade; 2) Plesiadapiformes may be the sister group of Dermoptera; 3) Scandentia, not Plesiadapiformes, is the sister group of Primates; and 4) Primates, plesiadapiforms, bats, colugos, and scandentians may not form a monophyletic clade Archonta. Consequently, the taxon Archonta is in need of review. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Flagellar setae of the second antennae in decapod shrimps: sexual dimorphism and possible role in detection of contact sex pheromones

Summary The antenna 2 (antennal) flagella of decapod shrimps are chemotactile, and their setae are proposed as sensilla involved in recognition of females by males via a contact sex pheromone on the surface of the female. Male recognition of females receptive to mating occurs in many caridean species upon contact of male antennal flagella with the surface of a newly molted parturial female. The hypothesis of sexual dimorphism in the number and kind of setae on the antennal flagella of four caridean and one penaeid shrimp species was tested with setal counts and observations on setal morphology. Unique male antennal setae (“male-specific sensilla”) were not identified in any of the species investigated. However, the abundance of antennal setae was significantly greater in males than in breeding females in the palaemonid carideans Palemonetes pugio and Macrobrachium ohione. In the hippolytid caridean Thor manningi and alpheid caridean Alpheus normanni, no sexual dimorphism in setal abundance was demonstrate...
Power factor improvement using fuzzy logic control of an AC synchronous motor

The paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a fuzzy logic (FL) controller to manipulate an alternating current (AC) synchronous motor's delivered reactive power (VAr), thereby improving the power factor (PF) of an industrial plant. The FL controller mimics the action that would be carried out by a human operator when adjusting the synchronous motor to deliver the necessary VAr to achieve the desired PF value. The controller provides flexibility with its nonlinear gain characteristic and adaptive operation. The FL controller performs adequately under all test conditions. The FL controller was observed to perform successfully under both rapidly and slowly changing load conditions. The FL controller performance was highly satisfactory in tracking and improving the plant PF to achieve the set point in a reasonable time frame and motivated by the proportional integral derivative (PID) concept. The FL controller in conjunction with a synchronous motor represents an innovative new approach to the problem of PF improvement in industrial plants.
Noninvasive Respiratory Support

Mechanical ventilation is associated with increased survival of preterm infants but is also associated with an increased incidence of chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) in survivors. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a form of noninvasive ventilation that reduces the need for mechanical ventilation and decreases the combined outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Other modes of noninvasive ventilation, including nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation, biphasic positive airway pressure, and high-flow nasal cannula, have recently been introduced into the NICU setting as potential alternatives to mechanical ventilation or nCPAP. Randomized controlled trials suggest that these newer modalities may be effective alternatives to nCPAP and may offer some advantages over nCPAP, but efficacy and safety data are limited.
Graduate research management

The way graduate research is handled will determine how well success is achieved. Graduate research should be managed just like any goal-oriented project. The same techniques of project management are applicable to graduate research projects. However, the major difference is that the major responsibility for the success of the research rests primarily with the graduate student.
Reducing Number of Nematocytes in the Tentacles

To reduce the number of all types of nematocytes in the tentacles of many hydra or, using a few hydra, the number of those nematocytes housing only stenotele nematocysts.
Immunotherapy of Murine Leukemia. V. Protection Against Friend Leukemia Virus-Induced Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis by Passive Serum Therapy

The development of immune complex glomerulonephritis in DBA/2 mice infected with Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was compared with that in mice protected against virus-induced disease by administration of chimpanzee anti-F-MuLV antiserum (CaF-MuLV). Morphologic analysis of glomeruli from viremic (infected) normal chimpanzee serum-treated animals revealed significant renal disease within 2 weeks following virus inoculation, with glomerular immune complex deposits and C-type viral particles seen by electron microscopy. Localization of F-MuLV envelope and core antigens (gp71 and p30, respectively) was also detected by immunofluorescence, as was murine IgG and C3. However, age-matched DBA/2 mice treated with CaF-MuLV antiserum alone or following F-MuLV inoculation showed no evidence of systemic disease and neither localization of F-MuLV antigens nor detectable virus particles. These data indicate that in addition to erythroleukemia, F-MuLV infection results in severe immune complex glomerulonephritis and that passive immunotherapy can protect susceptible mice from both aspects of viral pathogenesis.
Presidential Address: The Newest Southern Politics

The South's delegation to the House of Representatives has shifted from an old southern politics of one-party domination to a new southern politics based on increased two-party competition to the newest southern politics of the 1990s. Examination of the newest southern politics reveals a racial landscape based on black contributions and white shares in which there are three distinct paths to victory: the rule of white majorities for white Republicans, the rule of black majorities for black Democrats, and the rule of biracial coalitions for white Democrats. Each group of winners votes in distinctive patterns. Developments within the South have revitalized the national two-party battle for control of the House of Representatives.
URINARY HYDROXYPROLINE EXCRETION IN MARFAN'S SYNDROME AS COMPARED WITH AGE MATCHED CONTROLS.

SummaryHydroxyproline excretion was studied in 17 patients with classical Marfan's syndrome from 11 to 33 years of age and compared with age-matched controls. Pre-adolescent and adult Marfan's consistently excreted greater amounts of hydroxyproline than controls. For the 13- to 18-year-old group, the variation was too great to show definite differences.The authors wish to thank Dr. Victor A. McKusick and staff, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., for encouraging this work and making available several patients with Marfan's syndrome. We appreciate the help given by the staff at Flower-Fifth Avenue Hospital, Metropolitan Hospital, and St. Luke's Hospital, New York, in assisting in collecting the urines.
Do piperacillin/tazobactam and other antibiotics with inhibitory activity against Clostridium difficile reduce the risk for acquisition of C. difficile colonization?

Systemic antibiotics vary widely in in vitro activity against Clostridium difficile. Some agents with activity against C. difficile (e.g., piperacillin/tazobactam) inhibit establishment of colonization in mice. We tested the hypothesis that piperacillin/tazobactam and other agents with activity against C. difficile achieve sufficient concentrations in the intestinal tract to inhibit colonization in patients. Point-prevalence culture surveys were conducted to compare the frequency of asymptomatic rectal carriage of toxigenic C. difficile among patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam or other inhibitory antibiotics (e.g. ampicillin, linezolid, carbapenems) versus antibiotics lacking activity against C. difficile (e.g., cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin). For a subset of patients, in vitro inhibition of C. difficile (defined as a reduction in concentration after inoculation of vegetative C. difficile into fresh stool suspensions) was compared among antibiotic treatment groups. Of 250 patients, 32 (13 %) were asymptomatic carriers of C. difficile. In comparison to patients receiving non-inhibitory antibiotics or prior antibiotics within 90 days, patients currently receiving piperacillin/tazobactam were less likely to be asymptomatic carriers (1/36, 3 versus 7/36, 19 and 15/69, 22 %, respectively; P = 0.024) and more likely to have fecal suspensions with in vitro inhibitory activity against C. difficile (20/28, 71 versus 3/11, 27 and 4/26, 15 %; P = 0.03). Patients receiving other inhibitory antibiotics were not less likely to be asymptomatic carriers than those receiving non-inhibitory antibiotics. Our findings suggest that piperacillin/tazobactam achieves sufficient concentrations in the intestinal tract to inhibit C. difficile colonization during therapy.
Abstract 3539: Vitamin D/EB 1089 mediated radio-sensitization of lung cancer cells and head and neck cancer cells

Lung cancer is a principal factor contributing to cancer-related mortality in the United States. Patients with lung cancer generally have a poor prognosis and resection is often not possible. Our previous work has demonstrated that Vitamin D and its analog, EB1089 (EB), enhance radio sensitivity of H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (Sharma et al; A novel cytostatic form of autophagy in sensitization of non-small cell lung cancer cells to radiation by vitamin D and the vitamin D analog, EB 1089. Autophagy; 2014;10(12):2346-61). In this study, we have extended these findings of Vitamin D/EB 1089 induced radio-sensitization in multiple tumor cell lines such as Lewis Lung mouse non-small cell lung cancer cells (LLC), head and neck cancer cells (HN30) and a primary cell line established from a lung tumor obtained from a cancer patient. All cell lines were treated with multiple doses of radiation in the range of 2-6 Gy and EB1089 was used at concentration of 100nM. Sensitivity was determined based on viable cell number and clonogenic survival. We observed enhanced radiation sensitivity of LLC and HN30 cells with the combination treatment of radiation and EB1089. However, as reported previously by our laboratory (Sharma et al., 2014; Autophagy), sensitization was dependent on the presence of functional p53 and was not evident in HN6 head and neck tumor cells that are mutant in p53. These data suggest that Vitamin D or a Vitamin D analog could be used to enhance radiation sensitivity of various malignancies but only where the tumors express wild type p53. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate sensitization in a primary cell line established from lung tumor tissues utilizing conditioned medium from stromal cells treated with EB1089. These data suggest that stromal re-programming of cancer cells could influence radiation sensitivity. In studies to define the signaling pathways associated with radiation sensitization, we also observed inactivation by EB 1089 of the NF-kB pathway that was activated by radiation alone in H460 and H1299 NSCLC cells. Silencing of AMPK attenuated radiation sensitization by EB 1089. Sensitization was accompanied by enhanced secretion of the autophagy/senescence related marker, HMGB1. Taken together, these studies indicate that Vitamin and/or its analogs enhance radiosensitivity by cellular pathways involving NF-kB and AMPK and that HMGB1 may be secreted to activate an immune response to the combination treatment. Citation Format: Theresa Thekkudan, Khushboo Sharma, Tareq Saleh, David Gewirtz. Vitamin D/EB 1089 mediated radio-sensitization of lung cancer cells and head and neck cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3539.
COVERT: Counter OVErflow ReducTion for efficient encryption of non-volatlle memories

Security vulnerabilities arising from data persistence in emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs) necessitate memory encryption to ensure data security. Whereas counter mode encryption (CME) is a stop-gap practical approach to address this concern, it suffers from frequent memory re-encryption (system freeze) for small-sized counters and poor system performance for large-sized counters. CME thus imposes heavy overheads on memory, system performance, and system availability in practice. We propose Counter OVErflow ReducTion (COVERT), a CME-based memory encryption solution that performs on-demand memory allocation to reduce the memory encryption frequency of fast growing counters, while also retaining the area/performance benefits of small-sized counters. Our full-system simulations of a phase change memory (PCM) architecture across SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks show that for equivalent overhead and no impact to performance, COVERT simultaneously reduces the full memory re-encryption frequency from 6 minutes to 25 hours and doubles memory lifetime in comparison to state-of-the-art CME techniques.
Jamming mitigation in digital monopulse angle estimation

Digital monopulse forms the sum and difference channels from the data collected with a phased array antenna, and subsequently estimates the target angle from the voltage ratio. Digital monopulse inherits all the flexibility of digital beamforming, for example, the pair of sum and difference channels can be formed for any detection look-angle; moreover, digital monopulse can form the beams adaptively to null the jammer signal from both sum and difference channels. This paper investigates the performance of digital monopulse in jamming environment, evaluates how the jammer affects the adaptive sum and difference channels, and proposes a scheme to dynamically re-calibrate the monopulse calibration curve in real-time and correct the angle bias due to the distortion of the beams when the jammer gets close to the detection beam.
Deep learning fusion algorithm for arts categorization

The intent of the image classification process is to objectively categorize an image visual contents into semantic meanings. The classification process is a challenging task due to the difficulty associated with extracting and identifying relevant shape information. In this paper, we introduce a new fusion algorithm that combines the strengths of deep learning and mid-level image descriptors. Our approach is evaluated using a newly constructed dataset of artifacts' images organized into seven categories of 100 images each. The algorithm shows an improvement in the classification accuracy over other state of the art methods.
A hierarchy of granular continuum models: Why flowing grains are both simple and complex

Granular materials have a strange propensity to behave as either a complex media or a simple media depending on the precise question being asked. This review paper offers a summary of granular flow rheologies for well-developed or steady-state motion, and seeks to explain this dichotomy through the vast range of complexity intrinsic to these models. A key observation is that to achieve accuracy in predicting flow fields in general geometries, one requires a model that accounts for a number of subtleties, most notably a nonlocal effect to account for cooperativity in the flow as induced by the finite size of grains. On the other hand, forces and tractions that develop on macro-scale, submerged boundaries appear to be minimally affected by grain size and, barring very rapid motions, are well represented by simple rate-independent frictional plasticity models. A major simplification observed in experiments of granular intrusion, which we refer to as the ‘resistive force hypothesis’ of granular Resistive Force Theory, can be shown to arise directly from rate-independent plasticity. Because such plasticity models have so few parameters, and the major rheological parameter is a dimensionless internal friction coefficient, some of these simplifications can be seen as consequences of scaling.
Enhanced Thermal Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells by Assembling 2D/3D Stacking Structures

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have been shown to be more stable than their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts due to the protection of the organic ligands. Herein a method is introduced to form 2D/3D stacking structures by the reaction of 3D perovskite with n-Butylamine (BA). Different from regular treatment with n-Butylammonium iodide (BAI) where 2D perovskite with various layers form, the reaction of BA with MAPbI3 only produce (BA)2PbI4, which has better protection due to more organic ligands in (BA)2PbI4 than the mixture of 2D perovskites. Compared to BAI treatment, BA treatment results in smoother 2D perovskite layer on 3D perovskites with a better coverage. The photovoltaic devices with 2D/3D stacking structures show much improved stability in comparison to their 3D counterparts when subjected to heat stress tests. Moreover, the conversion of defective surface into 2D layers also induces passivation of the 3D perovskites resulting in an enhanced efficiency.
Applications of Robust Regression in Designed Industrial Experiments

Regression analysis of data obtained in statistically designed experiments has become an important source of information for the quality practitioner working on improving industrial processes. Leas...
Effects of combustion heat release on velocity and scalar statistics in turbulent premixed jet flames at low and high Karlovitz numbers

Abstract Theoretical scaling arguments for turbulent premixed combustion indicate that the pressure-dilatation source of turbulent kinetic energy becomes significant at low Karlovitz numbers, leading to potential invalidation of commonly-used turbulence models developed for non-reacting flow. Based on these arguments, a critical Karlovitz number is defined, below which dilatation effects are expected to become significant. Velocity and scalar statistics are obtained from Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) calculations of low Mach number spatially-evolving turbulent premixed planar jet flames. At fixed bulk Reynolds number and stoichiometric equivalence ratio, two simulations are performed at Karlovitz numbers above and below the critical Karlovitz number. Hydrogen combustion with detailed transport is modeled using a detailed nine-species chemical kinetic mechanism, and coflows of combustion products are used to ensure flame stability at uniform equivalence ratio. The analysis of these statistics focuses on three key areas. First, the influence of the velocity-pressure gradient source of turbulent kinetic energy is confirmed at a low Karlovitz number, and the unimportance of these effects is confirmed at a high Karlovitz number. Similar effects are observed for the chemical source term in the scalar variance budgets. Second, the degree of alignment between the Reynolds stress tensor (scalar flux) and the strain-rate tensor (scalar gradient), the foundation of a majority of the turbulence models used in reacting flows, is assessed with the DNS databases. Additionally, consistency of anisotropic Reynolds stress and strain-rate tensor invariants is assessed using invariant maps. While good alignment and consistency are obtained for statistics and invariants at a high Karlovitz number, both alignment and consistency degrade at a low Karlovitz number. Third, turbulence models formulated for non-reacting flow are modified algebraically in the Bray–Moss–Libby (BML) formalism for turbulent premixed combustion. A variable efficiency function is defined to capture the regime dependence of heat release effects in these models. Model performance is evaluated at Karlovitz numbers above and below the critical Karlovitz number using the DNS databases, and satisfactory prediction of counter-gradient transport in the flame-normal direction is obtained. However, heat release effects are also observed in the flame-parallel directions in the low-Karlovitz number simulation, and the models developed in the formalism for statistically planar flames fail to capture these effects. Furthermore, in the low-Karlovitz number case, redistributive effects are active on the shear components of the Reynolds stress, which are not considered in the BML formalism. More advanced turbulence models are therefore necessary for turbulent premixed jet flames below the critical Karlovitz number.
On the Origins of the Word "Substance"

The present article discusses the emergence of the term “substance” ( ousia ). It is shown that while the word obviously has its roots in Greek language and tradition, it presupposes a much broader context. Thus, to comprehend the full meaning of the term one must take into account the whole philosophical tradition in which it occurs and the whole of reality to which it refers. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that from the very beginning ousia ( substantia ) was linked to that which exists actually and constitutes the internal principle (essence) of being. This causal nature of the substance is frequently overlooked and the sense of the word is very often reduced to an eternal and immutable substrate (i.e., something static and unchanging).
Movement-Modulation Of Local Power And Phase Amplitude Coupling In Bilateral Globus Pallidus Interna In Parkinson Disease

There is converging evidence that bilateral basal ganglia motor networks jointly support normal movement behaviors including unilateral movements. The extent and manner in which these networks interact during lateralized movement remains unclear. In this study, simultaneously recorded bilateral Globus Pallidus interna (GPi) local field potentials (LFP) were examined from 19 subjects with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), while undergoing awake deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation. Recordings were carried out during two behavioral states; rest and cued left hand movement (finger tapping). The state-dependent effects on α- β oscillatory power and β phase-encoded phase amplitude coupling (PAC), including symmetrical and assymetrical changes between hemispheres, were identified. Unilateral hand movement resulted in symmetrical oscillatory power suppression within bilateral GPi at α (8-12 Hz) and high β (21-35 Hz) and increase in power of high frequency oscillations (HFO, 200-300 Hz) frequency bands. Asymmetrical attenuation was also observed at both low β (13-20 Hz) and low γ (40-80 Hz) bands within the contralateral GPi (P = 0.009). In addition, unilateral movement effects on PAC were confined to the contralateral GPi with attenuation of both low β-low γ and β-HFO PAC (P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that the lateralized attenuation of low β and low γ power did not correlate with low β-low γ PAC changes. The overall coherence between bilateral GPi was not significantly altered with unilateral movement, however the preferred phase difference in the high β range increased from 0.23 (±1.31) radians during rest to 1.99 (±0.78) radians during movement execution. Together, the present results suggest that unilateral motor control involves bilateral basal ganglia networks with movement features differentially encoded by distinct frequency bands. The lateralization of low β and low γ attenuation with movement suggests that these frequency bands are specific to the motor act whereas symmetrical expression of α, high β, and HFO oscillations best correspond to motor state. The restriction of movement-related PAC modulation to the contralateral GPi indicates that cross-frequency interactions appear to be associated with lateralized movements. Despite no significant movement-related changes in the interhemispheric coherence, the increase in phase difference suggests that the communication between bilateral GPi is altered with unilateral movement.
PARP and the Release of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor from Mitochondria

Mitochondria and the nucleus play critical roles in cell death. The signaling between these two organelles is dynamic. Understanding the signaling process between the nucleus and the mitochondria in cell death programs could lead us to more options in the development of new therapeutic targets. We discussed in this chapter how AIF could be released from the mitochondria and how AIF could act in PARP-dependent cell death mechanism. The molecular mechanisms accounting for PARP-dependent cell death are still being investigated but mitochondrial release of AIF and its translocation to the nucleus appears to be essential in this death process. We speculate that the PARP-mediated depletion of NAD and ATP or novel signals from PARP over activation might trigger AIF translocation; however, the authentic factors and the legitimate mechanism of mitochondrial AIF release remain to be explored.
Ambulance Requirements and Deployment

The problems associated with determining the need for and deployment of emergency vehicles add to the consideration of location efficiency the dynamic problems of dispatching and relocation idle units as a result of the activity of others. Although many aspects of this applications are common to all emergency vehicles — fire, police, rescue, etc. as well as ambulance — each had its own unique characteristics.1) For example, fire engines rarely respond to alarms singly, police are often on moving patrol, etc. The applications discussed here are those concerned explicitly with ambulances and not with the general problems of emergency vehicles. In this, a more restrictive view of the problem area is taken than that of REVELLE ET AL. (1977) who provide a current and excellent review of models which have or could address the deployment cf emergency medical vehicles.
Executive Dysfunction Early Postnatal Biomarkers among Children Born Extremely Preterm.

We evaluated the relationship between blood levels of inflammatory and neurotrophic proteins during the first postnatal month in 692 children born before the 28th week of gestation and executive function limitations among those 10-year olds who had an IQ ≥ 70. The measures of dysfunction were Z-scores ≤ -1 on the Differential Ability Scales–II working memory (WM) assessment) (N = 164), the NEPSY-II (A Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment-II) Inhibition-Inhibition assessment) (N = 350), the NEPSY-II Inhibition-Switching assessment) (N = 345), as well as a Z-score ≤ -1 on all three assessments (identified as the executive dysfunction composite (N = 104). Increased risks of the executive dysfunction composite associated with high concentrations of inflammatory proteins (IL-8, TNF-α, and ICAM-1) were modulated by high concentrations of neurotrophic proteins. This pattern of modulation by neurotrophins of increased risk associated with inflammation was also seen for the working memory limitation, but only with high concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-α, and the switching limitation, but only with high concentrations of ICAM-1. We infer that among children born extremely preterm, risks of executive function limitations might be explained by perinatal systemic inflammation in the absence of adequate neurotrophic capability.
Particle arrangement effects on the stress intensity in composite material

Abstract Motivated by recent advances in material design methods that allow for the controlled engineering of microstructure, we study how the degree of spatial ordering of the inclusions within a particle composite will affect the stress intensity factor associated with an existing crack. By exploring statistically representative sets of random inclusions using linear elastic fracture mechanics expressions, trends of the particle arrangement effect on the stress intensity factor are observed. We find that ordered, random, and clumped inclusion arrangements show an increasing effect on toughness, in that order. These results are verified using finite element analysis. To quantify the observed trend in material behavior with the spatial order of inclusions we consider two metrics of order: the bond-orientational order parameter, Q, and the translational order parameter, T. Finite element models of particle composites with increasing degrees of order reveal that the increasing effect on toughness can be captured and that T is more closely correlated to the effect on the stress intensity factor. We also find that the correlation between the stress intensity factor and particle arrangement is sensitive to the nearest-neighbor distance in Q, revealing that a quantifier approaching a global measure of order is more representative depending on the inclusion volume fraction. The results of this work can improve our understanding of how the stress intensity factor in particle composites explicitly varies with inclusion arrangement. It also provides key insights to develop formulations to engineer random composite microstructures for improved material fracture integrity and to identify issues in quality control of manufacturing methods involving particle distribution.