cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupled dynamic analysis of thruster-assisted turret-moored FPSO

To reduce large motion responses of a turret-moored Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit in harsh environment in deep waters, a thruster-assisted position mooring (POSMOOR) system can be applied. By applying the system, global dynamic responses can be improved in terms of the mooring line/riser top tensions, operational radius of the FPSO, and the top and bottom angle of the production risers. Kalman filtering as an optimum observer and estimator for stochastic disturbances is implemented in the developed control algorithm to filter out wave frequency components. Investigation of the performance of a thruster-assisted turret-moored FPSO was conducted in terms of surge, sway, yaw motions, and tension time series by using a fully coupled hull/mooring/riser dynamic analysis program in time domain. The two cases, motion analysis of an FPSO with thrusters and without thrusters, are extensively compared. The numerical examples illustrate that a thruster-assisted turret-moored FPSO can be an effective solution compared to a conventional turret-moored FPSO for deepwater production.
The Five-Factor Model of Personality and Its Relevance to Personality Disorders

The five-factor model is a dimensional representation of personality structure that has recently gained widespread acceptance among personality psychologists. This article describes the five factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness); summarizes evidence on their consensual validity, comprehensiveness, universality, heritability, and longitudinal stability; and reviews several approaches to the assessment of the factors and their defining traits. In research, measures of the five factors can be used to analyze personality disorder scales and to profile the traits of personality-disordered patient groups; findings may be useful in diagnosing individuals. As an alternative to the current categorical system for diagnosing personality disorders, it is proposed that Axis II be used for the description of personality in terms of the five factors and for the diagnosis of personality-related problems in affective, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal, and motivational ...
Mannan synthetase activity in three strains of Candida albicans

Mannan synthetase activity has been investigated in Candida albicans, strain 4918, as well as in two relatively avirulent, cerulenin-resistant mutant derivative strains, 4918-2 and 4918-10. In addition, investigations pertaining to the effects of the agents, cerulenin and sodium butyrate, on the level of mannan synthetase activity during the yeast to hyphal transition of these strains have been performed. The results show that mannan synthetase activity in yeast cells of both mutant strains is consistently higher than that observed in the parental strain. Similarly, the profile of enzyme activity exhibited by the mutant strains as morphogenesis proceeds differs from that of the wild-type. Sodium butyrate has no significant effect on enzyme activity in these strains, but the presence of cerulenin results in alterations in mannan synthethase activity during morphogenesis of strain 4918.
Cytokinesis in Coleochaete orbicularis (Charophyceae): an ancestral mechanism inherited by plants

Recently, highly vacuolate cells of Arabidopsis were shown to exhibit "polarized" cytokinesis, in which the phragmoplast and cell plate contact the mother cell wall and then progress from one side of the cell to the other, rather than forming uniformly outward from the cell center (Cutler and Ehrhardt, 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99: 2812-2817). It was not known if such a mechanism was unique to flowering plants or whether it occurred more broadly in the plant clade. To determine if a polar mechanism of cell division might have been characteristic of the first plants, differential interference contrast optics were used to examine living cells of the charophycean green alga Coleochaete orbicularis, a close relative of plants, with cytokinesis involving a phragmoplast. By recording images in different focal planes over time, such "polarized" cytokinesis was found in cells dividing either parallel or perpendicular to the edge of this radially symmetrical organism. Previously reported differences between these two types of division in Coleochaete were clarified. Polarized cytokinesis appears to be an ancestral mechanism of plant cell division inherited from the highly vacuolate cells of the charophycean algal ancestors of plants.
Sparse Kernels for Bayes Optimal Discriminant Analysis

Discriminant Analysis (DA) methods have demonstrated their utility in countless applications in computer vision and other areas of research - especially in the C class classification problem. The most popular approach is linear DA (LDA), which provides the C - 1-dimensional Bayes optimal solution, but only when all the class covariance matrices are identical. This is rarely the case in practice. To alleviate this restriction, Kernel LDA (KLDA) has been proposed. In this approach, we first (intrinsically) map the original nonlinear problem to a linear one and then use LDA to find the C - 1-dimensional Bayes optimal subspace. However, the use of KLDA is hampered by its computational cost, given by the number of training samples available and by the limitedness of LDA in providing a C - 1-dimensional solution space. In this paper, we first extend the definition of LDA to provide subspace of q < C - 1 dimensions where the Bayes error is minimized. Then, to reduce the computational burden of the derived solution, we define a sparse kernel representation, which is able to automatically select the most appropriate sample feature vectors that represent the kernel. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach on several standard datasets. Comparisons are drawn with a large number of known DA algorithms.
Poplar FT2 Shortens the Juvenile Phase and Promotes Seasonal Flowering

Many woody perennials, such as poplar (Populus deltoides), are not able to form flower buds during the first several years of their life cycle. They must undergo a transition from the juvenile phase to the reproductive phase to be competent to produce flower buds. After this transition, trees begin to form flower buds in the spring of each growing season. The genetic factors that control flower initiation, ending the juvenile phase, are unknown in poplar. The factors that regulate seasonal flower bud formation are also unknown. Here, we report that poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2), a relative of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering-time gene FT, controls first-time and seasonal flowering in poplar. The FT2 transcript is rare during the juvenile phase of poplar. When juvenile poplar is transformed with FT2 and transcript levels are increased, flowering is induced within 1 year. During the transition between vegetative and reproductive growth in mature trees, FT2 transcripts are abundant during reproductive growth under long days. Subsequently, floral meristems emerge on flanks of the axillary inflorescence shoots. These findings suggest that FT2 is part of the flower initiation pathway in poplar and plays an additional role in regulating seasonal flower initiation that is integrated with the poplar perennial growth habit.
FIZZ1/RELMα, a Novel Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor in Lung With Vasoconstrictive and Angiogenic Properties

In a mouse chronic hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension, we discovered a novel hypoxia-inducible gene in lung, FIZZ1/RELMα, first through a cDNA array analysis and then confirmed by RT-PCR. West...
Onward Christian Soldiers: American Dispensationalists, George W. Bush and the Middle East

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to explain why dispensationalist Christians were successful at influencing American foreign policy during the administration of George W. Bush, particularly towards the Middle East. Specifically, I connect this success to their ties to Washington neo-conservatives, the personal faith of Bush himself and his links to conservative Christians, and their broad cultural appeal and grassroots strength. Second, it will present two brief case studies on the influence that dispensationalism has had on US policy towards Israel and Iraq during the administration of George W. Bush.
The effects of cytoskeleton inhibitors on cytoplasmic localization in Chaetopterus pergamentaceus.

We have treated fertilized and KCl-activated eggs of Chaetopterus pergamentaceus with microfilament and microtubule inhibitors to test the relationship of these cytoskeletal components to cytoplasmic localization. Low doses of cytochalasin B inhibited cleavage in fertilized eggs. Such embryos underwent differentiation without cleavage, a process characterized by relocalization of the yolky endoplassm to the center of the uncleaved egg and by the formation of cilia. Similar treatment of KCl-activated eggs inhibited ciliation, but not endoplasmic relocalization. Reversible inhibition of the first cleavage resulted in equal cleavage and differentiation of a larva lacking an apical organ. Inhibition of the first two cleavages resulted in differentiation without cleavage. At all concentrations high enough to block mitosis, colchicine prevented ciliation and endoplasmic relocalization. Thus microtubule organization, but not microfilament organization, is required for ooplasmic reorganization and differentiation without cleavage.
Reconciling Multiple Hypertension Guidelines to Promote Effective Clinical Practice

The new Joint National Committee 8 (JNC-8) blood pressure guidelines were recently published, and there are some major changes from JNC-7. There are also differences between JNC-8 and hypertension guidelines created by major organizations in North America and around the world published from 2013 to the present. In the face of conflicting evidence, it is difficult for practicing clinicians to reconcile these differences and to incorporate new guidance into their practice. This commentary will identify similarities and differences between guidelines, provide some literature context in the areas of differing recommendations, and then provide advice to enhance patient care.
Parents' Cultural Belief Systems: Their Origins, Expressions, and Consequences

Parents' Cultural Belief Systems: Their Origins, Expressions, and Consequences. SARA HARKNESS and CHARLES M. SUPER. eds. New York: Guilford Press, 1996. xiv. 558 pp., notes, references, contributors, indexes.
The Feasibility of Electrical Monitoring of Resin Cure with the Charge-Flow Transistor.

A new technique for the electrical monitoring of polymerization reactions such as resin cure is described. The technique is based on the charge-flow transistor, which resembles a conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), but with a portion of the metal gate replaced by the resin under study. Electrical signals obtained from several resins undergoing cure are presented, along with an electrical circuit model that can account for the principal features of these signals. The dramatic change in signal shape during cure can be related to corresponding changes in both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant.
Integrating virtual test bed and JADE agent platform using CORBA for reconfiguration of shipboard power systems

Implementation with common object request broker architecture (CORBA) based communication mechanism between a JADE platform multi agent system (MAS) and virtual test bed (VTB) simulation package is discussed in detail. CORBA allows application interoperability, which is independent of platform, operating system, and programming language. This mechanism enables the creation of gateways between external applications and simulation in VTB. This technique allows external applications, agents in this case, a means of control over a shipboard power system (SPS) simulation in VTB. The agents can be placed on a power system schematic to receive and send signals during runtime. Each agent of the MAS is connected to a major SPS component for local control actions and monitoring. This MAS can control and reconfigure the SPS in order to maintain the continuity of electrical supply to vital loads. Two simple test cases are presented to demonstrate the proposed system.
Temporal Regulation of Ig Gene Diversification Revealed by Single-Cell Imaging

Rearranged Ig V regions undergo activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-initiated diversification in sequence to produce either nontemplated or templated mutations, in the related pathways of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion. In chicken DT40 B cells, gene conversion normally predominates, producing mutations templated by adjacent pseudo-V regions, but impairment of gene conversion switches mutagenesis to a nontemplated pathway. We recently showed that the activator, E2A, functions in cis to promote diversification, and that G 1 phase of cell cycle is the critical window for E2A action. By single-cell imaging of stable AID-yellow fluorescent protein transfectants, we now demonstrate that AID-yellow fluorescent protein can stably localize to the nucleus in G 1 phase, but undergoes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis later in cell cycle. By imaging of DT40 polymerized lactose operator-λ R cells, in which polymerized lactose operator tags the rearranged λ R gene, we show that both the repair polymerase Polη and the multifunctional factor MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 localize to λ R , and that λ R /Polη colocalizations occur predominately in G 1 phase, when they reflect repair of AID-initiated damage. We find no evidence of induction of γ-H2AX, the phosphorylated variant histone that is a marker of double-strand breaks, and Ig gene conversion may therefore proceed by a pathway involving templated repair at DNA nicks rather than double-strand breaks. These results lead to a model in which Ig gene conversion initiates and is completed or nearly completed in G 1 phase. AID deaminates ssDNA, and restriction of mutagenesis to G 1 phase would contribute to protecting the genome from off-target attack by AID when DNA replication occurs in S phase.
Terephthalamide‐nylon single crystals isolated from dilute solutions of hexafluoro‐2,2‐propandiol

Terephthalamide nylons with two to five carbon atoms in the aliphatic portion of the chain have been crystallized from aqueous solutions of hexafluoro-2,2-propandiol. The 3T and 4T nylons in particular form rodlike crystals. Indications are that these are bundles of cylindrical structures about 50 nm in diameter. Electron diffraction shows the symmetry to be C2v. Films of the nylons were drawn with great difficulty. The x-ray diffraction on the films is consistent with a monoclinic structure, though the crystal structure could not be positively established. There is some evidence for a polymer chain alignment perpendicular to the long axis of the rods.
The effect of preoperative donation of autologous blood on deep-vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty

We have assessed the effect of the donation of autologous blood and the preoperative level of haemoglobin on the prevalence of postoperative thromboembolism in 2043 patients who had a total hip arthroplasty. The level of haemoglobin was determined seven to ten days before surgery and all patients had venography of the operated leg on the fifth postoperative day. The number of patients who had donated autologous blood (1037) was similar to that who had not (1006). A significant decrease in the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) was noted in those who had donated blood preoperatively (9.0%) compared with those who had not (13.5%) (p = 0.003). For all patients, the lower the preoperative level of haemoglobin the less likely it was that a postoperative DVT would develop. Of those who had donated blood, 0.3% developed a postoperative pulmonary embolism compared with 0.7% in those who had not, but this difference was not statistically significant. No significant difference was found in the requirements for transfusion between the two groups.
Formal datapath representation and manipulation for implementing DSP transforms

We present a domain-specific approach to representing datapaths for hardware implementations of linear signal transform algorithms. We extend the tensor structure for describing linear transform algorithms, adding the ability to explicitly characterize two important dimensions of datapath architecture. This representation allows both algorithm and datapath to be specified within a single formula and gives the designer the ability to easily consider a wide space of possible datapaths at a high level of abstraction. We have constructed a formula manipulation system based on this representation and have written a compiler that can translate a formula into a hardware implementation. This enables an automatic "push button" compilation flow that produces a register transfer level hardware description from high-level datapath directives and an algorithm (written as a formula). In our experimental results, we demonstrate that this approach yields efficient designs over a large tradeoff space.
Beneficial Effects of RAF Inhibitor in Mutant BRAF Splice Variant-expressing Melanoma

Resistance to RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib is a major clinical problem in the treatment of melanoma. Patients with mutant BRAF melanoma that progress on RAF inhibitors have limited treatment options, and drug removal from resistant tumors may elicit multiple effects. A frequent mechanism of resistance to RAF inhibitors is caused by expression of mutant BRAF splice variants. RAF inhibitor–resistant cell lines, generated in vivo, were tested as to whether or not mutant BRAF splice variants confer a fitness advantage in the presence of RAF inhibitor. Critically, cells expressing distinct mutant BRAF splice variants grow more efficiently in vitro and in vivo in the presence of the vemurafenib analog, PLX4720, compared with in the absence of inhibitor. PLX4720-treated BRAF splice variant–expressing cells exhibited levels of phospho-extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 comparable to untreated parental cells. In addition, a reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 levels following treatment with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib (GSK1120212) phenocopied the fitness benefit provided by PLX4720. These data indicate that mutant BRAF splice variant–expressing melanoma cells are benefited by defined concentrations of RAF inhibitors. Implications: This study provides evidence that RAF inhibitor–resistant melanoma cells benefit from continued therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 12(5); 795–802. ©2014 AACR.
Three variables related to reaction time to compare single-digit numbers.

A partial replication and extension of an investigation by Moyer and Landauer (1967) found that mean reaction time to the larger of two single-digit numbers (a) was longer when the larger number wa...
Annealing and Persistent Photoconductivity Effects in Amorphous and Crystalline Vanadium Oxide Films

Vanadium dioxide films have long attracted attention because of the phase transition between the semiconducting state and the metallic state at 68 degrees centigrade. Vanadium oxide films have been prepared by a variety of methods, including the annealing and oxidation of evaporated vanadium under controlled conditions. In this study we explore a different route by producing amorphous and crystalline VOx films by pulsed laser deposition and annealing under a variety of conditions. We found that that in amorphous films grown at lower temperatures and then annealed, persistent photoconductivity effects can be observed, while in epitaxial crystalline films grown at high temperature, persistent effects were not observed. Furthermore, it was found that for some crystalline films persistent optical effects were observed and that optical hysteresis was dependent on the amount of time after the film anneal.
Object recognition in structured and random environments: locating address blocks on mail pieces

A framework for determining special interest objects in images is presented in the context of determining destination address blocks on images of mail pieces such as letters, magazines, and parcels. The images range from those having a high degree of global spatial structure (e.g., carefully prepared letter mail envelopes which conform to specifications) to those with no structure (e.g., magazines with randomly pasted address labels). A method of planning the use of a large numbers of specialized tools is given. The control utilizes a dependency graph, knowledge rules, and a blackboard.
EFFECTS OF AGEING ON LOCAL RATES OF CEREBRAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

The effects of ageing on local rates of protein synthesis in 39 brain structures in resting conscious rats have been examined. Young adult rats (aged 6 months) have been compared with a group of middleaged / aged rats (aged 15–23 months). The results show that ageing is associated with significant decreases in rates of protein synthesis in the brain as a whole as well as in several specific brain regions. Brain regions involved in visual and auditory function were selectively affected, perhaps due to a chronic lack of sensory input. Several regions involved in motor function and two areas in the limbic system had significantly decreased rates of protein synthesis in the old rats. Notably, there was a significant age-related decrease in protein synthesis in the locus coeruleus which contains the cell bodies of origin of the major ascending noradrenergic innervation of the cortex.
Array-projection geometry and depth discrimination with Tuned-Aperture Computed Tomography for assessing the relationship between tooth roots and the inferior alveolar canal.

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare Tuned-Aperture Computed Tomography (TACT) image sets made with linear vertical, linear horizontal, conical, and x-shaped x-ray projection arrays with regard to observer accuracy in (1) measuring the distance from the apex of a tooth root to the middle of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC), (2) measuring the shortest distance from the surface of a tooth root to the surface of the IAC, and (3) determining whether the root is buccal or lingual to the IAC. The same relationships were also examined by means of pairs of images and the buccal object rule. Study Design: Two artificial mandible sections with simulated IACs were fabricated. The same human mandibular premolar root was used in both models to prevent development of learning cues to differentiate between models. The models were imaged from both sides, resulting in 4 orientations. An optical bench was designed to precisely orient different beam projection arrays for production of TACT image sets and pairs of images for use with the buccal object rule. Twelve dentists participated as observers to independently assess the relationships between the tooth root and the IAC with regard to the 4 orientations. Results: For measuring the distance from the tooth apex to the middle of the IAC, TACT image sets made from conical and x-shaped arrays proved significantly more accurate than TACT image sets made from linear vertical or linear horizontal projections or pairs of digital images used with the buccal object rule ( P P Conclusions: For TACT, images acquired with conical and x-shaped beam projection arrays are preferred to those acquired with linear arrays for assessing the relationship between tooth roots and the IAC. TACT was found to be significantly more accurate than standard application of the buccal object rule for the relationships investigated. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;91:252-9)
GaAs/Si metal waferbonding for heterogeneous integrated circuits

Different wafer bonding techniques for heterogeneous integration are compared; in particular, the advantages and disadvantages of metal bonding using isothermal solidification (ITS) process are investigated. In applying the ITS metal bonding to Si and GaAs integrated circuits, two distinct approaches - pre-patterning and post-patterning, are developed and the resulting metal bond properties, such as electrical contact and thermal conductivities, are presented.
Developmental variation and the evolution of distyly in Hedyotis caerulea (Rubiaceae)

The development of distyly is thought to arise from differential growth patterns in the pin and thrum morphs. However, few detailed studies exist on the early floral development of distylous flowers, and fewer still look at variation in these traits among populations. Buds at multiple stages of development were collected from five populations of Hedyotis caerulea to quantify how pins and thrums diverge with respect to the initiation, rate, and termination of growth between the stamens and stigmas. The growth rate of anthers varied little spatially across five populations and temporally in both pins and thrums, although thrum anthers grew faster than pin anthers. Dimorphy in stigma height was more complex. Pin stigmas first grew at a faster rate than those of thrums, and late in bud development, growth of thrum styles slowed. These rate changes varied among populations, and they differed from the congeneric H. salzmanii. Similar differences between morphs are known in other heterostylous species, and such variation in growth pattern among related species has been used to infer independent evolution of distylous systems.
The Spread and Control of Norovirus Outbreaks Among Hospitals in a Region: A Simulation Model

Author(s): Bartsch, Sarah M; Huang, Susan S; Wong, Kim F; Avery, Taliser R; Lee, Bruce Y | Abstract: BackgroundBecause hospitals in a region are connected via patient sharing, a norovirus outbreak in one hospital may spread to others.MethodsWe utilized our Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst software to generate an agent-based model of all the acute care facilities in Orange County (OC), California and simulated various norovirus outbreaks in different locations, both with and without contact precautions.ResultsAt the lower end of norovirus reproductive rate (R0) estimates (1.64), an outbreak tended to remain confined to the originating hospital (≤6.1% probability of spread). However, at the higher end of R0 (3.74), an outbreak spread 4.1%-17.5% of the time to almost all other OC hospitals within 30 days, regardless of the originating hospital. Implementing contact precautions for all symptomatic cases reduced the probability of spread to other hospitals within 30 days and the total number of cases countywide, but not the number of other hospitals seeing norovirus cases.ConclusionsA single norovirus outbreak can continue to percolate throughout a system of different hospitals for several months and appear as a series of unrelated outbreaks, highlighting the need for hospitals within a region to more aggressively and cooperatively track and control an initial outbreak.
Reorganization of the innervation of the vas deferens after sympathetic decentralization

Reorganization of autonomic efferent pathways to the rat vas deferens was noted after chronic (30 days) sympathetic decentralization produced by hypogastric nerve (HGN) transection. In normal rats, electrical stimulation of the HGN elicited an increase in vasal pressure (VP) bilaterally, whereas pelvic nerve (PN) stimulation did not alter VP. However, after unilateral HGN transection, stimulation of the PN on the transected side but not on the normal side increased VP. The decentralized vas exhibited larger VP responses to stimulation of the contralateral HGN in comparison with the normal vas. After bilateral HGN transection, PN-induced VP responses were elicited at lower stimulus intensities than in rats with unilateral transections. PN-induced VP responses were blocked by hexamethonium and prazosin but were not altered by atropine. Distension of the vas lumen occurred after decentralization. PN-induced VP responses were not detectable in extremely distended vas. These data indicate that, after degeneration of sympathetic preganglionic axons, decentralized adrenergic ganglion cells are reinnervated by parasympathetic or sympathetic preganglionic pathways and that the reinnervation influences vasal function.
Combined Effects of Biological Control Formulations, Cultivars, and Fungicides on Preharvest Colonization and Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts by Aspergillus Species

Abstract A 3-yr field study was conducted to determine the effect of biological control formulations of nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, peanut cultivars, and fungicides on preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts. Formulation treatments consisted of (a) no biocontrol treatment, (b) the fungi cultured on rice via solid-state fermentation, (c) conidia of the fungi coated onto the surface of rice, and (d) conidia coated onto the surface of wheat (year one) or hulled barley (years two and three). Experiments consisted of factorial combinations of the four formulation treatments, two peanut cultivars (Florunner or Georgia Green), and two fungicide treatments (chlorothalonil or combinations of chlorothalonil and tebuconazole). Florunner and Georgia Green peanuts were each planted in 32 individual plots consisting of six rows 15.2 m in length. Biological control formulations, consisting of a mixture of nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus (NRRL 21882) and A. parasiticus (NRRL 213...
Waves of Semiosis. Is It about Time? On the Semiotic Anthropology of Change

This chapter explores the theoretical gap between the Saussurean rigidity of “change of system” and Peircean vicissitudes of “change in system,” and the role culture plays in it through an ethnographical observation of sudden change, especially of the sociocultural processes of memorization of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and Nuclear Disaster. A semiotically informed investigation of a struggle of interpretative grounds in the midst of sudden change (where the previous presuppositions become futile) allows social scientists to examine semiosis in its representational and determinative axes as it proliferates, is blocked, and/or is manipulated in becoming meaningful through multiple temporalities condensed in “real time.” The chapter argues that a Peircean conceptualization of the index’s “dependence” on both the past (icons) and the future (symbols) informs its peculiar “real-time” signification of becoming meaning-full through, and suggests that any semiotic anthropological analysis of change has to take into account the past, present, and future in continuum—though not necessarily in a linear order—in understanding a semiosis of, in and through society.
Hardware Architecture of Complex K-best MIMO Decoder

This paper presents a hardware architecture of complex K-best Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) decoder reducing the complexity of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. We develop a novel low-power VLSI design of complex K-best decoder for MIMO and 64 QAM modulation scheme. Use of Schnorr-Euchner (SE) enumeration and a new parameter, Rlimit in the design reduce the complexity of calculating K-best nodes to a certain level with increased performance. The total word length of only 16 bits has been adopted for the hardware design limiting the bit error rate (BER) degradation to 0.3 dB with list size, K and Rlimit equal to 4. The proposed VLSI architecture is modeled in Verilog HDL using Xilinx and synthesized using Synopsys Design Vision in 45 nm CMOS technology. According to the synthesize result, it achieves 1090.8 Mbps throughput with power consumption of 782 mW and latency of 0.33 us. The maximum frequency the design proposed is 181.8 MHz.
Decompressive craniectomy 116 h after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction

The optimal timing of decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patients after presentation with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is unknown. We report herein the case of a previously healthy 6-year-old Japanese girl who had good outcome after emergency decompressive craniectomy 116 h after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. This case suggests that the timing of decompressive craniectomy can be delayed until deterioration of neurological findings and, compared with adults, a more prolonged time course for surgical intervention might be acceptable.
ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DE LA EXPLICACIÓN DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN MORAL EN EL BUDISMO NEURAL

A medida que las argumentaciones no teistas se tornan cada vez mas sofisticadas y complejas, se hace mas dificil realizar una critica sin antes admirar lo habilidoso de su diseno y casi maestria. Una de esas argumentaciones es una innovacion relativamente reciente que es el hijo del naturalismo y la filosofia oriental: el budismo neural. Como dos disenadores mundialmente famosos que trabajan juntos en una prenda nueva, el naturalismo y el budismo se unieron en este programa distintivo para ofrecer algo inventivo, especialmente en la explicacion de la transformacion moral. Por el contrario, este analisis va a develar al final que la explicacion de la transformacion moral del budismo neural es incapaz de ofrecer buenas respuestas a varias criticas convincentes. Abstract As non-theistic arguments for morality become increasingly sophisticated and complex, they are harder to criticize without first admiring their skillful design and near-artistry. One such argument involves a relatively new innovation that is the child of naturalism and eastern philosophy—Neural Buddhism. Like two world- renowned designers collaborating on a new garment, Naturalism and Buddhism have come together in this distinct program to offer something inventive, especially in its explanation of moral transformation. However, this critical analysis will ultimately reveal that Neural Buddhism’s explanation of moral transformation is incapable of providing good answers to several compelling criticisms.
Inventors' Mobility and R&D Spillovers Across Firms

R&D spillovers across firms have long been seen as a cause for faster innovation, with positive effects on productivity and growth (Griliches [1992], Bernstein and Nadiri [1988, 1989], Romer [1994]). Does inventors' mobility increase these spillovers? To answer this question we develop two alternative statistical tests. We exploit the time variation in patents' citations and transfers of inventors between Californian firms in the period 1980-2008. Our results provide strong evidence that, following the move of one inventor from one firm to another, the R&D activities of the two firms become more interconnected.
Simple method for decreasing wafer topography effect for implant mask

Controlling critical dimension (CD) of implant blocking layers during photolithography has been challenging due to reflection caused by wafer topography. Unexpected reflection which comes from wafer topography makes severe CD variation on mask patterns of implant layer. Using bottom antireflective coatings(BARCs) can reduce the topography effect, but it could also damage wafer surface during BARCs dry etching. Developable BARCs(D-BARCs) could be alternative solution for wafer topography effect. However there are some issues that should be considered in D-BARCs process such as sensitive temperature control and managing defects. There are also papers introducing model based topography aware OPC as a solution for wafer topography effect implant layer. But building topography aware OPC model is very complex and it takes too much time to build. In this paper, we will introduce experimental results of wafer topography effect using various test patterns and propose a simple method that could effectively reduce wafer topography effect.
Abstract 134: The regulatory role of microRNA 338-3p in malignant gliomas

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Even with optimal therapy, more than 70% of GBM patients will die within 2 years of diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miR) are important regulators of gene expression through posttranscriptional silencing of target mRNA. MicroRNA roles in cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and glioma stem cell activity are little known. In this study, we focus on the expression and function of microRNAs in human gliomas. Methods: Using RNA extracted from 15 GBM patient samples and serum collected from 2 glioma patients, miR 338-3p expression, relative to normal brain and control serum, was examined using RT PCR. Regional miR expression within a single tumor was identified. A DNA fragment containing the hsa-miR-338-3p locus was amplified and cloned into a lentiviral vector, then transduced into GBM neurosphere lines. MicroRNA 338-3p and its downstream target, expression was assessed by RT PCR and western blot. GBM neurosphere growth was examined in vitro. Results: Over-expression in miR 338-3p is associated with decreased glioma cell proliferation and neurosphere formation. MicroRNA 338-3p shows decreased expression in the core of malignant gliomas with increased expression at the tumors rim and migrating edge. MiR 338-3p expression induces cleaved caspase 3 expression. MiR 338-3p targets Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Conclusion: MicroRNA 338-3p inhibits GBM neurosphere growth in vitro through reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis possibly via targeting of HDAC4. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-134
Honey Bee Insecticide Loss — An Unusual Case

Colonies of Apis mellifera L. placed in a poor forage area, 3.25 miles from an area being air-sprayed with carbaryl at the rate of 1 lb actual material per acre, suffered a minor loss of adult field bees; this is the greatest distance, by 1.25 miles, that a loss of this nature has been observed.
LockDown: an operating system for achieving service continuity by quarantining principals

This paper introduces quarantine, a new security primitive for an operating system to use in order to protect information and isolate malicious behavior. Quarantine's core feature is the ability to fork a protection domain on-the-fly to isolate a specific principal's execution of untrusted code without risk of a compromise spreading. Forking enables the OS to ensure service continuity by permitting even high-risk operations to proceed, albeit subject to greater scrutiny and constraints. Quarantine even partitions executing threads that share resources into isolated protection domains. We discuss the design and implementation of quarantine within the LockDown OS, a security-focused evolution of the Composite component-based microkernel OS. Initial performance results for quarantine show that about 98% of the overhead comes from the cost of copying memory to the new protection domain.
Unappreciated Benefits of Advertising and Commercial Speech

Federal policy makers, state legislators, and state attorneys general have recently shown interest in regulating commercial advertising and marketing. Several new regulatory initiatives are being proposed, or are already underway, that could severely curtail or restrict advertising or marketing on a variety of platforms. The consequences of these stepped-up regulatory efforts will be profound and will hurt consumer welfare both directly and indirectly. The affected platforms range from traditional media (newspapers, TV and radio broadcasters, etc.) to the newest media outlets (the Internet, online ad networks, social networks, video games, mobile devices, and interactive television). This expanded regulatory activism would apply to issues and products including pharmaceuticals, tobacco, alcohol, advertising during children’s television programming, online marketing to children, the loudness of ads on television, product placement marketing and testimonials, and more. Perhaps the most notable of these efforts is the recent push to impose a comprehensive regulatory regime on online advertising and data collection efforts in the name of enhancing consumer privacy. This might include a so-called “Do Not Track” mechanism that would block advertising or data collection through the mandatory reengineering of web browsers.
Global Ocean Particulate Organic Carbon Flux Merged with Satellite Parameters

Abstract. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux estimated from POC concentration observations from sediment traps and 234Th are compiled across the global ocean. The compilation includes six time series locations: CARIACO, K2, OSP, BATS, OFP, and HOT. Efficiency of the biological pump of carbon to the deep ocean depends largely on biologically mediated export of carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization with depth; thus biologically related parameters able to be estimated from satellite observations were merged at the POC observation sites. Satellite parameters include net primary production, percent microplankton, sea surface temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, euphotic zone depth, and climatological mixed layer depth. Of the observations across the globe, 85 % are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere with 44 % of the data record overlapping the satellite record. Time series sites accounted for 36 % of the data, while 71 % of the data are measured at ≥ 500 m with the most common deployment depths between 1000 and 1500 m. This data set is valuable for investigations of CO2 drawdown, carbon export, remineralization, and sequestration. The compiled data can be freely accessed at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.855600 .
Cradle of the Creative Class: Reinventing the Figure of the Scientist in Cold War Pittsburgh

Promoters and critics of the creative-cities script assume that it originated in the late 1990s. In contrast, in this article I argue that the mythology of the creative class and its positive econo...
Safety Evaluation of Parastar ® Plus in Dogs and Assessment of Transferable Residue of Fipronil and Cyphenothrin from Dogs to Humans

Currently, the world’s dog population is estimated at 900 million (>80 million in the US, 15.9 million in Russia, 8.5 million in the UK, 7.3 million in France, 7 million in Italy, and 6.9 million in Germany). Dogs are easily infested with fleas, ticks, and other ectoparasites serving as vectors for transmitting bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases. Therefore, the use of ectoparasiticides is inevitable and important. The present investigation was undertaken with two specific objectives: one, to evaluate the safety of fipronil and cyphenothrin in dogs after topical application of Parastar ® Plus, and two, to determine the transferable residue of these insecticides from dogs to humans. Six healthy, adult dogs (medium length hair, weighing between 20.5-27.3 kg) received topical application of Parastar ® Plus (2.68 mL; fipronil, 9.8% and cyphenothrin, 5.2%) on the back between the shoulder blades. At pre-determined intervals, dogs were given a full physical exam, and residues of fipronil and cyphenothrin were determined in dog blood and cotton glove extracts using GC/MS. Fipronil and cyphenothrin peaks eluted at 7.453 and 9.913 min, correspondingly, and the compounds were confirmed based on characteristic ions. At no time was fipronil or cyphenothrin residue detected in blood samples. In glove extracts, residues of fipronil and cyphenothrin were maximally present at 24 hr post-treatment (43.84 ± 5.69 and 59.26 ± 8.97 ppm, respectively). By 48 hr, the residue levels sharply declined (16.89 ± 2.82 and 17.98 ± 2.07 ppm, respectively). The insecticides’ residues were detected in insignificant amounts after one week (5.69 ± 2.16 and 10.00 ± 1.51 ppm, respectively), and only in trace amounts after two weeks. At no time did any dog show side effects, except itching at the site of Parastar ® Plus application. The findings suggest that Parastar ® Plus was safe for dogs and transferable residues of fipronil and cyphenothrin were minimal, posing very little or no health concern to pet-owners or veterinary personnel. Of course, veterinary personnel, who handle many dogs daily, may require proper protection to avoid cumulative exposure. Keywords: Parastar ® Plus; fipronil; cyphenothrin; pyrethroids; ectoparasiticide safety; dogs.
The usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to identify early recurrent melanoma in high risk resected stage III and IV patients: A retrospective review

8566 Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma has risen dramatically over the past decades. Prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma is poor and treatment options are limited. Complet...
Circulating Humorous Antitobacco Videos on Social Media.

We investigated whether exposure to same humorous antitobacco videos via different types of social media platforms and contexts (health vs. humor) influences individual’s health risk perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intents. An experiment with a 2 (social media types: YouTube and Facebook) × 2 (message contexts: health-focused and humor-focused contexts) factorial design was conducted. It was found that those who watched the humorous antitobacco videos on Facebook in the health-context exhibited a higher level of risk perception of smoking, less positive attitude toward smokers, and a higher level of intention to avoid smoking in the future than the participants who viewed the same videos on YouTube in the health-context or on Facebook in the humor-context. These findings provide useful practical guidelines in using social media for health communication/promotion. Humorous health promotion messages are best circulated on social networking sites such as Facebook accompanied by others’ support for the...