cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hormonal modulation of amino acid transport in rat hepatoma cells in tissue culture.

Abstract 1. HTC cells in suspension culture actively transport the model amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by a saturable, energy-dependent process that demonstrates Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 2. Dexamethasone markedly decreases AIB transport, reducing uptake by 75% within 2 hours and by 85% after 18 to 24 hours incubation with the hormone. Dexamethasone has no effect on AIB transport for 30 min, after which initial velocity of transport declines exponentially. The effect is half-maximal in 1 hour. After 2 hours of exposure of cells to dexamethasone, Vmax for AIB transport declines to 25% of the control value, while Km is essentially unchanged. After 18 hours, Vmax declines further to 20% of the control value, and Km increases to three times the control value. Dexamethasone decreases AIB influx into HTC cells and does not increase efflux from the cells. 3. Insulin increases AIB transport only slightly in untreated cells. In contrast, in cells previously incubated with dexamethasone, insulin markedly increases AIB uptake. In cells incubated with dexamethasone for 18 hours and then with insulin for a further 2 hours, AIB transport increases 5-fold to 75% of the control value. The effect of insulin is apparent within 30 min and is maximal in 2 hours; it has declined by 4 hours. After 2 hours of exposure of cells to insulin, Vmax increases nearly 4 times to 70% of the control value, and Km decreases 2 times. 4. Both hormonal effects on AIB transport are dependent on protein synthesis, for cycloheximide added 30 min prior to either hormone completely blocks its effect. Addition of actinomycin D 30 min prior to either hormone partially blocks its effect.
Do body and fin form affect the abilities of fish to stabilize swimming during maneuvers through vertical and horizontal tubes

Goldfish, Carassius auratus, silver dollar, Metynnis hypsauchen, and angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare were induced to swim through narrow vertical and horizontal tubes ranging in length from 0 to 20 cm (approximately 0 to 3 times total fish length, FL). The ability to stabilize the body while negotiating these confined spaces was quantified as (1) the minimum width of vertical (wv) and horizontal (wh) tubes traversed, where width is the smaller cross-sectional dimension of the tube, (2) the ratio wv/wh, and (3) transit speed through the tubes. Tube width was expressed as relative width, obtained by dividing tube width by fish length. Minimum relative widths traversed increased from 0.15 to 0.19 in the order silver dollar > angelfish > goldfish for vertical tubes and from 0.17 to 0.18 in the order goldfish=silver dollar > angelfish for horizontal tubes. wv/wh increased from 0.91 to 1.10 in the order silver dollar=angelfish > goldfish. Minimum tube widths generally increased with tube length for vertical tubes. Although significant differences in relative minimum widths among species were found, these were small. In contrast, for horizontal tubes, there was no significant effect of tube length on minimum tube width for any species. Large differences were found in transit speed. Transit speed generally decreased as the tube length increased. The slope of the relationship between transit speed and tube length varied among species generally increasing from − 0.41 to − 1.16 for horizontal tubes in the order goldfish > silver dollar > angelfish and from − 0.42 to − 1.07 in the order silver dollar > goldfish > angelfish for vertical tubes. As a result, goldfish usually took longest to traverse tubes of zero length but the shortest time to traverse the longest tubes. In contrast, angelfish traversed short tubes in the least time and long tubes in the greatest time. Deeper bodied angelfish swam slowly and traversed tubes with difficulty because they required experience during each trial to replace median and paired fin with body and caudal fin swimming. According to our data, goldfish were best able to swim in confined spaces.
Developing a marine conservation program in temperate Australia: determining priorities for action

The temperate seascapes of southern Australia have, until recently, received less conservation attention than the country's tropical waters. Here, we describe the results of an expert elicitation aimed at identifying gaps and opportunities in marine conservation for temperate waters. The process highlighted the need for focusing conservation attention on temperate bays, estuaries and inlets. The subsequent development of the Great Southern Seascapes program by The Nature Conservancy is aimed at beginning to address this need. The program focuses on the following actions for temperate Australian bays, estuaries and inlets: (a) increased protection, (b) ‘in the water’ restoration, (c) initiatives to address sea-level rise, (d) improved management and increased stakeholder involvement, (e) science and monitoring, and (f) community, government, and corporate engagement and funding. Actions taken to date, including commencing Australia's first ever oyster reef restoration project, and future directions, are ou...
De Corpo Aberto: o poder tecnológico dos não-índios no mito e na cosmologia Javaé

as narrativas mitologicas dos Javaes expressam profunda consciencia historica e associam os imensos poderes tecnologicos dos nao-indios aos poderes do corpo feminino, ao mesmo tempo altamente criativos e mortais. Em termos simbolicos e cosmologicos, os nao-indios sao situados, a jusante, na extremidade final do rio Araguaia, associada ao feminino, ao oeste e ao nivel inferior. A compreensao das relacoes com os nao-indios e indissociavel dos conceitos nativos de genero e corporalidade, uma vez que o outro, tanto interno quanto externo, e feminilizado e considerado como parte essencial das transformacoes historicas da sociedade.
Control of β-Glucosyltransferase and Lysozyme Synthesis during T4 Deoxyribonucleic Acid-dependent Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis in Vitro

Abstract T4 DNA was used to stimulate RNA and protein synthesis in a cell-free extract prepared from uninfected Escherichia coli. Previously, this system was shown to synthesize active β-glucosyl transferase, an early T4 enzyme, and lysozyme, an enzyme which appears late during T4 infection. The detailed kinetics of specific enzyme synthesis in vitro has been studied further. Under conditions which were optimal for early enzyme synthesis, the appearance of β-glucosyl transferase preceded lysozyme synthesis by 4 to 5 min. The kinetics of partial reactions leading to enzyme synthesis in vitro was also investigated. Lysozyme-specific messenger RNA was synthesized after β-glucosyl transferase-specific messenger RNA, although transcription of the two genes was initiated simultaneously. The long delay in DNA-dependent lysozyme synthesis was overcome by elevated magnesium ion concentrations. This kinetics indicated that a barrier against lysozyme synthesis in vitro operated between initiation of RNA synthesis and RNA elongation. This phenomenon may relate to either delayed polar transcription of regions of T4 DNA distal to RNA polymerase binding sites or to the preferential elongation of some messages by E. coli RNA polymerase after binding to T4 DNA has occurred.
Arab Soccer in a Jewish State: The Integrative Enclave

Over the last two decades soccer has become a major institution within the popular culture of the Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel. They have attained disproportionate success in this field. Given their marginalisation from many areas of Israeli society as well as the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, such a prominent Arab presence highlights the tension between their Israeli citizenship and their belonging to the Palestinian people. Bringing together sociological, anthropological and historical approaches, Sorek examines how soccer can potentially be utilised by ethnic and national minorities as a field of social protest, a stage for demonstrating distinctive identity, or as a channel for social and political integration. Relying on a rich combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, he argues that equality in the soccer sphere legitimises contemporary inequality between Jews and Arabs in Israel and pursues wider arguments about the role of sport in ethno-national conflicts. Ideal for researchers and graduate students.
Action of Tocopherol‐Type Compounds in Directing Reactions Forming Flavor Compounds in Autoxidizing Fish Oils

Menhaden and cod liver oils without additives or containing either α-tocopherol (670 ppm) or Trolox C (1000 ppm) with or without copper (II) cations (20 ppm) were oxidized under air at 65‡C, and their headspace volatiles were quantitatively measured by capillary gas chromatography. Samples prepared without additives contained very little l,5-octadien-3-one. Fish oils with Trolox C had distinct metallic, vinyl-ketone aromas, while those with a-tocopherol exhibited extremely fishy, cod liver-like aromas. High levels of 1,5-octadien-3-one and 1,5-octadien-3-ol and moderate levels of 2,4,7-decatrienals were found in samples with Trolox C, while moderate levels of the 8-carbon compounds and high levels of the 2,4,7-decatrienals were present in the α-tocopherol samples. Copper (II) greatly accelerated the overall rate of oxidation in samples, and in the presence of Trolox C it induced the formation of very high levels of 1,5-octadien-3-ol.
IPSEITY, ALTERITY, AND COMMUNITY: THE TRI-UNITY OF MAYA THERAPEUTIC HEALING

Taking K'iche' Maya therapeutic consultations in Guatemala as its focus, this essay explores some astonishing indigenous accounts of "healing-at-a-distance" and "pain passing" between healers and wellness-seekers. Rather than exoticizing or dismissing such reports, we attempt to understand what it means to conceive of the bodily boundaries of healers and wellness-seekers (self and other) as sympathetically defiable and transgressable in healing. Within the moral space of K'iche' healing, when one cares to feel, if one dares to feel with another or others, the experiential space between healer and wellness-seeker is transformed as the alterity (otherness) of what is felt and who feels becomes (through a sympathy in ipseity) but one thing. I argue that Maya therapeutic healing may be seen as a tri-unity, involving a movement from an enfolded illness experience (alterity) to an unfolding sickness experience (ipseity), passing through empathy until participants together arrive at sympathy (community) to experience healing.
Formation of 15a-Hydroxyestriol from 4-14C-17β-Estradiol and 6,7-3H-Estriol by an Anencephalic1

ABSTRACT A mixture of 4-14C-17β-estradiol and 6,7-3H-estriol was administered intravenously to a human anencephalic. Both isotopes were extensively metabolized as almost 100% of the estradiol and 75% of the estriol were converted to more polar substances. A large fraction of the radioactivity was in a form which could not be extracted from the urine following enzyme hydi-olysis. Characterization of the metabolites which were extractable following hydrolysis demonstrated the major metabolite of both isotopes to be 15α-hydroxy estriol. Thirty-four per cent of the 14C and 24% of the 3H were present in the form of this metabolite. This readily demonstrates the capacity of this anencephalic to 15α-hydroxylate estrogens. The 3H/14C ratios of 15α-hydroxyestriol indicate that 15α-hydroxylation can occur prior to a 16α-hydroxylation and is not prevented by the presence of a 16α-hydroxy group. Several other metabolites were also present. Of these, however, only estriol was of much significance. Approximately 8% of ...
Raman Excitation Profiles with Self-Consistent Excited-State Displacements†

Raman excitation profiles (REPs) are computed in the time domain for harmonic modes with excited-state displacement g and measured at multiple excitation frequencies ωL in a bimetallic complex with a metal-to-metal charge-transfer band and 10 coupled modes. Self-consistency is required because the time evolution depends on all displaced modes rather than the individual intensities used in the short-time approximation for g(0). Self-consistency ensures that g is independent of ωL for a single resonance. Exact REPs for displaced oscillators show the importance of vibronic lifetimes and marked deviations from the short-time approximation at molecular frequencies. Spectra at multiple ωL indicate scattering from another electronic excitation with displacement h that is also found self-consistently. Mode-specific Raman data at multiple ωL require additional parameters to yield reliable structural information. Harmonic oscillators with self-consistent displacements are a first approximation to systems with many ...
Open loop fibre optic gyroscope with phase shift nulling signal processing

A simple analogue phase tracking circuit for the fibre gyroscope is described. The system provides a linear output from an open loop gyroscope configuration over a range in Sagnac phase shift >±500° Sagnac, with good linearity and relatively low noise and drift. The use of this demodulator in low-cost medium grade fibre gyroscope applications is projected.
A catalogue of three-level regular fractional factorial designs

A common problem that experimenters face is the choice of fractional factorial designs. Minimum aberration designs are commonly used in practice. There are situations in which other designs meet practical needs better. A catalogue of designs would help experimenters choose the best design. Based on coding theory, new methods are proposed to classify and rank fractional factorial designs efficiently. We have completely enumerated all 27 and 81-run designs, 243-run designs of resolution IV or higher, and 729-run designs of resolution V or higher. A collection of useful fractional factorial designs with 27, 81, 243 and 729 runs is given. This extends the work of Ch93, who gave a collection of fractional factorial designs with 16, 27, 32 and 64 runs.
Dynamic Fracture Mechanics

Preface List of symbols 1. Background and overview 2. Basic elastodynamic solutions for a stationary crack 3. Further results for a stationary crack 4. Asymptotic fields near a moving crack tip 5. Energy concepts in dynamic fracture 6. Elastic crack growth at constant speed 7. Elastic crack growth at nonuniform speed 8. Plasticity and rate effects during crack growth Bibliography Index.
Implementing a Multi-sectoral Control Strategy to Prevent the Human Immuno Virus(HIV) Infection Among Sexually Active Nigerians

Nigeria, the most populous nation in Africa is certainly one of the countries at the current focus of global interventions in the fight against the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The reasons are obvious-HIV sero-prevalence rates have surpassed the 5% infection rate among adults, a point at which rates soared to double-digit figures in Uganda and South Africa in the past1. With a population of 127 million, a double-digit infection rate will cause a large scale humanitarian disaster capable of undermining global effort to stem the spread of the disease. Yet control measures in place are ineffective in stemming the tide. This paper examines some problems with control and suggests solutions. To keep HIV infection under control, would require a multi-sectoral strategy, where every individual sees himself as a crucial ingredient of change. KEY WORDS: HIV/AIDS, control strategy, Nigerians. Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol.4(1) 2005: 88-95
Void and Dislocation Microstructure Development in Heteroepitaxial Film Growth

Two dimensional, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to examine the microstructures of both homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial thin films grown on single crystal substrates. The principal microstructural features to develop within these films are small voids and edge dislocations. Voids form near the surface of the growing film as surface depressions between microcolumns pinch off to become closed volumes. These voids often form in such a way as to introduce dislocations into the crystal with their cores positioned within the voids. Dislocations are also formed during heteroepitaxy at the interface between the substrate and film. These dislocations tend to be mobile. When voids are present in the film and when the lattice misfit is low, dislocations tend to be trapped in the voids or pulled toward them due to dislocation image interactions. Once attached to voids, dislocations are effectively pinned there. When voids are absent or when the misfit is high, dislocations are restricted to the film-substrate interface. In the case of heteroepitaxy, dislocations are found to relieve either tensile or compressive misfit stresses. Misfit stresses may also be accommodated, to some extent, merely by the free volume of the voids themselves.
Blocking of the B7-CD28 pathway increases apoptosis induced in activated T cells by in vitro-generated CD95L (FasL) positive dendritic cells.

D ENDRITIC cells (DC) that express high levels of MHC class II and costimu!atory molecules are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and the only population that can activate naive T cells. 1 Evidence has also accumulated, however, that DC can playa role in tolerance induction. Thus, thymic DC induce central tolerance to MHC antigens.: The ubiquitous presence of donor DC in long-surviving human and animal organ allograft recipients suggests that DC may hold the key to the induction of transplantation tolerance.3.4 We have reported that costimulatory molecule-deficient DC induce alloantigen-specific unresponsiveness in vitro,S and prolong allograft survival.°.7 The mechanisms by which tolerance can be induced by DC, however, remain unclear. A recent report indicates that CD8+ Fas-L + (CD95L +) mouse lymphoid tissue DC can induce apoptosis in activated T cells in vitro.s The present study was undertaken to evaluate the capacity of in vitro propagated DC to induce allogeneic T-cell apoptosis and to determine the possible regulatory roles of CD95 (Fas/Apo-I) ligand and B7 molecules expressed on DC.
Structurally Heterogeneous Model of Extrinsic Magnetostriction for Fe-Ga and Similar Magnetic Alloys: Part I. Decomposition and Confined Displacive Transformation

A compositionally and structurally heterogeneous model for ferromagnetic alloys has been developed and applied to Fe-Ga alloys that exhibit giant magnetostriction. Our model assumes that the Fe-Ga bcc solid solution near its solubility limit is a coarsening-resistant nanodispersion of a DO3 phase that is formed due to coherency lifting by excess vacancies, as is known to be the case for chemically similar Fe-Al alloys. This compositionally heterogeneous state undergoes a cubic → tetragonal displacive transformation that brings the structure closer to an equilibrium fcc-based L12 ordered phase. The predictions of our theory are in agreement with existing electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction observations.
Evidence for the presence of an antitumor factor in serum of normal animals

We have previously reported finding a factor with antitumor activity (TNF, tumor necrosis factor) in extracts of serum from normal mice. The possibility that TNF exists in the blood of normal animals of other species was explored. Horse, mouse, dog, human, sheep, calf, rat and shark serums were fractionated with (NH4)2SO4 and filtered through S-200 sephacryl gel. Proteins of molecular weight 90,000 to 180,000 were pooled, concentrated and dialyzed. TNF, determined by L-cell assay in vitro and Meth A assay in vivo found in fractions from mouse, dog and human serum. Agarose electrophoresis of the TNF from mouse and human serum indicated the principle components were alpha 1-alpha 2 globulins. Preparative PAGE indicated that mouse TNF migrated slowly and was made up of at least 4 components while human TNF was a faster moving, monomeric protein.
“It Is I Who Have the Power”: Settling Women in Haggard's South African Imaginary

H. Rider Haggard has long been known as the premier writer of the imperial adventure novel, which is described by scholars as predominantly devoid of colonial settlers, particularly women. Yet his most innovative contribution to the genre of adventure fiction is actually his most overlooked: the colonial settler heroine. Reading beyond King Solomon's Mines (1885), She (1887), and Allan Quatermain (1887), male imperial romances that have almost exclusively been allowed to represent Haggard's vast body of work, we encounter female colonial leadership on the South African frontier. An effect of Haggard's anxiety over burgeoning metropolitan female agency and Afrikaner political strength, the heroines of Haggard's female colonial romances enabled the author imaginatively to redirect feminist energy — from metropole to colony, from self (as he saw it) to service, from suffragism to soil. Though they expand the British Empire's, rather than simply their own, sphere of influence, they belie Haggard's imaginative mastery, for in domesticating the empire these heroines transcend domestication, commanding authority far beyond the garden gate. Through an analysis of The Ghost Kings (1908), Haggard's final female colonial romance, this article compares the subgenre to the male imperial romance, demonstrates Haggard's capacity to imagine positive female leadership, and, finally, suggests the limits of that imagination
On the use of psychology in evaluating software documentation

Recent research evaluating the usefulness of program documentation has borrowed techniques used in psychology to define the variables of interest and to measure those variables. The results of the research suggest that (1) using a branching or sequential program design language (PDL) produces performance that is superior to that found with other formats (such as flowcharts), and (2) using a detailed design written in a PDL leads to superior coding performance over other formats due, in part, to the small amount of translation that is required in mapping from the design to the code. These conclusions are based primarily on time and accuracy data. This paper discusses the research conducted in this area and the conclusions drawn. The influence of the methodology used to conduct these experiments on the evaluation of programmer performance is also discussed.
Spontaneous combustion tests applied to abandoned coal mine refuse

Abstract The proper handling and disposal of abandoned coal mine wastes is an important issue in reclamation efforts. One factor which could seriously affect this process is the spontaneous combustion potential of the material being reclaimed. To investigate self-heating in refuse, samples from five sites in Utah were subjected to the static isothermal method. The results indicated that all of the samples have a low spontaneous combustion potential. Additionally, the study revealed that due to the nonhomogeneity of coal mine refuse, modification of the normal test sample preparation is necessary to insure repeatability and to enhance the value of the results. Future testing will address this problem as well as exploring other self-heating test procedures.
Towards real-time simulation of construction activities considering spatio-temporal resolution requirements for improving safety and productivity

Traditional simulation models use statistical data to estimate task durations. However, to make the simulation results more realistic and reflecting the changes during the task execution, real-time simulation has been suggested by several researchers. On the other hand, little consideration is given to spatio-temporal constraints in simulation models. Several spatial modeling methods, such as maps, grids and 3D models, have been used in construction simulation. However, different resolutions of spatio-temporal representations should be used based on the specific requirements when considering spatio-temporal conflicts. The present paper aims to propose the basic concept of real-time simulation of construction activities considering spatio-temporal resolution requirements for improving safety and productivity. The objectives of the paper are: (1) to review real-time simulation methods of construction activities considering spatio-temporal conflicts; (2) to investigate the spatio-temporal requirements in the real-time simulation environment; and (3) to investigate the integration of simulation models at different spatio-temporal resolutions.
Should Fontan FenestrationsBe Closed With Coils

In this issue of Circulation, Sommer et al1 describe yet another use for Gianturco coils: closure of fenestrations placed in Fontan circuits. In 5 patients, they implanted coils with 8-mm helical diameters straddling 4-mm fenestrations. In 3 patients, there was immediate angiographic and echocardiographic closure, and in a fourth, echocardiographic closure was noted after 4 weeks. A small residual shunt persisted in the fifth patient. Among the 4 who had complete closure, oxygen saturation increased an average of 9% and tissue oxygen delivery decreased 12%. Sommer et al suggest that coil occlusion of fenestrations may be preferable both to no intervention and to occlusion with experimental septal occluders. They note that most pediatric centers have expertise with coils and therefore conclude that transcatheter closure of fenestrations should now be widely available. Certainly, Sommer et al have demonstrated that coil occlusion of small fenestrations may be technically feasible. What they have not …
Exact coherent structures in channel flow

Exact coherent states in no-slip plane Poiseuille flow are calculated by homotopy from free-slip to no-slip boundary conditions. These coherent states are unstable travelling waves. They consist of wavy low-speed streaks flanked by staggered streamwise vortices closely resembling the asymmetric coherent structures observed in the near-wall region of turbulent flows. The travelling waves arise from a saddle-node bifurcation at a sub-turbulent Reynolds number with wall-normal, spanwise and streamwise dimensions smaller than but comparable to 50 + , 100 + and 250 + , respectively. These coherent solutions come in pairs with distinct structure and instabilities. There is a three-dimensional continuum of such exact coherent states
Determination of Heat Transfer in Ducts With Axial Conduction by Variational Calculus

This study uses a methodology based on the calculus of variation to determine the heat transfer in passages with two-dimensional velocity fields such as rectangular channels and in the presence of axial conduction. The mathematical procedure is presented and the subsequent numerical computations provide the Nusselt number values. To verify the accuracy of this numerical procedure, the Nusselt number values are acquired for parallel-plate channels and circular pipes and compared with similar data from the Graetz-type exact analyses. Then, rectangular passages are selected to show the capability and a square duct is used to study the domain of accuracy for this procedure. The results for small Peclet numbers lead to a simple correlation for determination of the bulk temperature and they compare well with those obtained from an asymptotic solution.
Hemodynamic Effects of Guanethidine in Man

Guanethidine was administered in a single intravenous infusion to supine hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Hemodynamic changes during the transient pressor phase were consistent with catechol amine effect. The later hypotensive effect occurred only in the hypertensive subjects and was usually associated with a slight decrease in cardiac output in patients without cardiac decompensation and a slight increase in output in those with congestive heart failure. Total peripheral resistance decreased although there was an increase in splanchnic vascular resistance and a decrease in the percentage of the cardiac output perfusing the hepatic-portal bed. Tests of sympathetic nervous system activity revealed that, although the Valsalva "overshoot" usually was blocked, complete inhibition of digital vasoconstrictor reflexes did not always occur and vascular responsiveness to tyramine and ephedrine was not diminished up to six hours following intravenous guanethidine. Tyramine responses were also demonstrated in a group of patients on effective long-term oral therapy with guanethidine. These studies suggest that guanethidine has unique hemodynamic effects not necessarily shared by ganglionic blocking agents, bretylium tosylate, or reserpine. Catechol amine depletion probably is not important in the mechanism of the antihypertensive and sympathetic inhibitory actions in man, and the possibility of an additional non-adrenergic effect is considered.
Laboratory study of solitary-wave transformation over bed-form roughness on fringing reefs

Abstract This paper presents the formulation and implementation of a series of two-dimensional flume experiments to investigate effects of bed-form roughness on coastal wave processes. The experiments were carried out on a fringing reef model in a 104-m long and 4.6-m high flume at Oregon State University. The reef model has a 1:12 face slope and a long flat section for examination of wave shoaling and breaking as well as bore formation and propagation. The model is 2.36 m tall and the water depth ranges from 2.36 to 2.66 m to produce dry and wet reef conditions. The bed-form roughness is modeled by timber beams placed across the flume in four configurations by varying the height from 0.038 to 0.076 m and the spacing from 0.388 to 0.768 m to provide a range of pitch ratios from 5 to 20. The incident solitary wave height varies from 10 to 50% of the water depth to cover a range of breaking and non-breaking conditions. A series of wire and sonic gauges measured the wave transformation along the flume and a digital camera recorded images of the breaking waves on a background grid painted on a flume wall. The bed forms decrease the effective depth for wave propagation and modify the structure of the free surface flow. In comparison to a control experiment with plain concrete surface, the solitary wave breaks earlier and dissipates more energy on the reef slope. The subsequent bore slows down with undulation over the shallow reef flat, but speeds up for more energetic flows in deeper water.
A mathematical model for the iron/chromium redox battery

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the isothermal operation of a single anode-separator-cathode unit cell in a redox-flow battery and has been applied to the NASA iron/chromium system. The model, based on porous electrode theory, incorporates redox kinetics, mass transfer, and ohmic effects as well as the parasitic hydrogen reaction which occurs in the chromium electrode. A numerical parameter study was carried out to predict cell performance to aid in the rational design, scale-up, and operation of the flow battery. The calculations demonstrate: (1) an optimum electrode thickness and electrolyte flow rate exist; (2) the amount of hydrogen evolved and, hence, cycle faradaic efficiency, can be affected by cell geometry, flow rate, and charging procedure; (3) countercurrent flow results in enhanced cell performance over cocurrent flow; and (4) elevated temperature operation enhances cell performance.
Hippocampal neurochemical and electrophysiological measures from freely moving rats.

This paper describes surgical and recording procedures that have been developed which permit the simultaneous monitoring of levels of select neurochemicals (via microdialysis) and measures of dentate-evoked field potentials within the hippocampal formation of freely moving adult rats. To test and evaluate these procedures, they were employed to examine changes in hippocampal neurochemistry and neuronal excitability associated with the establishment and maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Measures of hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) and glutamate levels along with measures of the dentate granule cell population spike amplitude (PSA) were obtained before, during, and after tetanization of the medial perforant path using two separate tetanization paradigms. Results obtained using these new procedures in several animals indicated that changes in NE and glutamate levels were strongly correlated with increases in the dentate granule cell PSA measure obtained following tetanization. The results indicate that this newly developed procedure can be effectively used to directly examine the relationship between neurochemical and neurophysiological changes associated with hippocampal neuroplasticity.
The impact of free agency on the distribution of playing talent in major league baseball

Abstract People in professional baseball predicted that replacing the reserve system with reentry free agency would destroy the competitive balance of the major leagues. Economist, however, have generally concluded that the end of the reserve system would not affect the distribution of playing talent, because as long as teams could freely sell and trade players, the monopsonistic reserve system would distribute talent much as a competitive labor market would distribute it. This paper examines player movement and league balance since the start of free agency in 1976, and finds the evidence to be consistent with the economic view.
Introduction: opioid-induced constipation.

Although opium has been used to treat pain for thousands of years, it was not until the early 1800s when morphine, the principal alkaloid and most powerful ingredient of opium, was isolated by the German pharmacist Friedrich Sertyrner that pharmacological production of opioids became possible. The discovery of morphine was soon followed by isolation of opium's other active ingredients, including codeine and papaverine, and more recently the synthesis of even more potent opioids. Although opioids are effective for chronic pain and are generally recommended for patients who have failed nonopioid therapies, they are associated with untoward effects, including sedation, respiratory depression, euphoria, abuse, and a number of gastrointestinal side effects. The most common gastrointestinal side effects include nausea, vomiting, reflux, and constipation. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC), the focus of this supplement in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, is the most common side effect of opioids, affecting approximately 40% of patients with noncancer pain who use this treatment. Unlike many of the other side effects from opioids, OIC does not tend to improve with prolonged use. Opiates cause constipation by hindering colonic transit and decreasing intestinal and colonic secretion. The symptoms of OIC are not limited to bowel frequency and consistency but also include excessive straining, incomplete evacuation, and abdominal symptoms such as discomfort and bloating. Together these symptoms can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life.
Tornadoes in the New York Metropolitan Region: Climatology and Multiscale Analysis of Two Events

AbstractThis paper describes the climatology of tornadoes around New York City (NYC) and Long Island (LI), New York, and the structural evolution of two tornadic events that affected NYC on 8 August 2007 and 16 September 2010. Nearly half (18 of 34 events from 1950 to 2010) of NYC–LI tornadoes developed between 0500 and 1300 EDT, and August is the peak tornado month as compared to July for most of the northeast United States. A spatial composite highlights the approaching midlevel trough, moderate most unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE), and frontogenesis along a low-level baroclinic zone. Shortly before the early morning tornadoes on 8 August 2007, a mesoscale convective system intensified in the lee of the Appalachians in a region of low-level frontogenesis and moderate MUCAPE (~1500 J kg−1). Warm advection at low levels and evaporative cooling within an elevated mixed layer (EML) ahead of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) helped steepen the low-level lapse rates. Meanwhile, a s...
Northern hemisphere 500-hPa trough merger and fracture : A climatology and case study

Abstract The results of an objective climatology of 500hPa trough merger (defined as the amalgamation of two initially separate vorticity maxima) and trough fracture (defined as the splitting of a single vorticity center into two separate vorticity centers) are presented for the Northern Hemisphere. The data source is the gridded National Meteorological Center (NMC; now the National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analyses available on CD-ROM on the NMC operational octagonal grid (381-km resolution at 60°N) for the period September 1957 to May 1989. A total of 2152 (3053) merger (fracture) events are identified. Merger and fracture events tend to occur preferentially in the band of middle-latitude westerlies. Merger events exhibit a tendency to avoid major mountainous regions and show a somewhat higher frequency of occurrence downstream of these regions. Fracture events cluster somewhat over eastern ocean basins, the southwestern United States, and northwestern Africa while also avoiding major mount...
Posttranslational Regulation of Ca2+-Activated K+ Currents by a Target-Derived Factor in Developing Parasympathetic Neurons

Abstract Macroscopic I K[Ca is not expressed at normal levels in chick ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons prior to synapse formation with target tissues, or in neurons developing in vitro or in situ in the absence of target tissues. Here, two chick CG slo partial cDNAs encoding I K[Ca channels were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. Both slo transcripts were readily detected in developing CG neurons prior to or in the absence of target tissue interactions. When CG neurons developed in vitro in the presence of target tissue (iris) extracts, a normal whole-cell I K[Ca was expressed. These effects did not require protein synthesis, and the activity was detectable throughout the stages of synapse formation in the iris. The active component has an apparent molecular weight of 40–60 kDa.
Red Genesis: The Hunan First Normal School and the Creation of Chinese Communism

Red Genesis is a carefully-researched history of the Hunan First Normal School from 1903 to 1921. This institution of higher learning, staffed by some of China’s most erudite and innovative educati...
Experimental testing of ductile cladding connections for building facades

A ductile cladding connection is a special connecting device between a facade cladding panel and a building structure that is designed to dissipate energy when subjected to an earthquake. The effect of such a device is to reduce the overall seismic response of the structure. A special testing machine was designed to test the behavior of these advanced cladding connections. The machine, which is specially suited for the recording and evaluation of ductility and damping properties, is described. Its main characteristics are both the ability to load a specimen in shear simultaneously in two orthogonal directions without inducing any axial stress, and the flexibility to test a wide variety of different damping mechanisms with different geometric configurations. The machine was used to test a family of advanced cladding connections that employs ductile flexural action to achieve high and stable levels of ductility for repeated cyclic load applications. A lumped-parameter mechanical model for these connections was identified from selected test data, and the predicted cyclic behavior was shown to agree well with test data. The model is simple and suitable for incorporation into nonlinear structural analysis programs.
The impact of radiolytic yield on the calculated ECP in PWR primary coolant circuits

Abstract A code, PWR–ECP, comprising chemistry, radiolysis, and mixed potential models has been developed to calculate radiolytic species concentrations and the corrosion potential of structural components at closely spaced points around the primary coolant circuits of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The pH(T) of the coolant is calculated at each point of the primary-loop using a chemistry model for the B(OH)3 + LiOH system. Although the chemistry/radiolysis/mixed potential code has the ability to calculate the transient reactor response, only the reactor steady state condition (normal operation) is discussed in this paper. The radiolysis model is a modified version of the code previously developed by Macdonald and coworkers to model the radiochemistry and corrosion properties of boiling water reactor primary coolant circuits. In the present work, the PWR–ECP code is used to explore the sensitivity of the calculated electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) to the set of radiolytic yield data adopted; in this case, one set had been developed from ambient temperature experiments and another set reported elevated temperatures data. The calculations show that the calculated ECP is sensitive to the adopted values for the radiolytic yields.
O VI + Lyβ + C II from Starburst and Poststarburst Galaxies. I. Stellar Library and Evolutionary Synthesis Profiles

Evolutionary synthesis models of a stellar population in the far-ultraviolet are presented. The spectra include the lines O VI λλ1032, 1038, Lyβ, and C II λλ1036, 1037. They are based on a stellar library built with observations of O and B stars collected with Copernicus and the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT). This library is used as input into an evolutionary synthesis code. The line profile of O VI + Lyβ + C II is computed for different star formation histories (instantaneous burst and continuous star formation) and different assumptions about the initial mass function (IMF). The metallicity is near the solar value. O VI λλ1032, 1038 is a very sensitive indicator of the presence or absence of O stars. O VI develops a P Cygni profile when formed in stellar winds of the most massive stars. When these stars are absent, no O VI is formed. In contrast, Lyβ and C II are very sensitive indicators for B stars. If these stars dominate, as is the case in poststarburst galaxies, Lyβ and C II are present as strong absorption features, and they are formed in the photosphere of B stars. An equivalent width of Lyβ + C II larger than 1 A always indicates a population younger than 1 Gyr. Because of the universal strength of O VI in O stars, O VI is not a good discriminator between instantaneous versus continuous star formation for ages in the starburst phase, but the absence of O VI and the presence of stellar Lyβ and C II is a good indicator of a short burst duration and for the galaxy being in a poststarburst phase. Application of this technique to starburst or poststarburst galaxies will require careful attention to interstellar absorption.
Temporal stability and individual differences in using assessment information to form overall ratings

Abstract Relationships among dimension ratings and between dimension ratings and overall judgments were examined for 719 individuals assessed by four assessor teams. High stability was found, and there was no evidence for stable changes in an assessor's or assessor team's pattern of ratings over time. Parallel analysis and factor comparisons provided support for hypothesized individual differences in the complexity and nature of the dimensionality underlying the assessment ratings. Overall decisions were modeled accurately using a subset of the available dimensions. Use of a common set of predictors produced only a small decline in predictive power over the use of the optimal predictors for each assessor and assessor team. Two factors common to virtually all assessors (leadership and organizing—planning/decision making) consistently contained dimensions identified as important by the regression model. Assessor ratings of dimension importance agree with the regression model to the extent that leadership and organizing/decision making were commonly identified as important. The generality of some laboratory findings regarding decisionmaking strategies and information-processing style is illustrated.
Current Status of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

With increased incidence of diagnosis of small renal masses, partial nephrectomy has been preferred over radical nephrectomy as the surgical treatment of choice. The transition from open to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy had been challenging for many urologists. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RLPN) is increasingly used to facilitate this transition . In this review, we examine the recent technical advances and clinical outcomes in RLPN. Many series had successfully reported the feasibility of using the da Vinci Surgical (Intuitive Surgical Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) System in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Recent advances had focused on reducing risk of renal damage by shortening the warm ischaemia time. These techniques included unclamped excision, selective arterial clamping and improved renorrhaphy methods. Operative times and warm ischaemia times have also improved once the learning curve are overcome, which is less steep than conventional laparoscopy. With longer follow-up and more widespread experience, the outcome of RLPN could be favourable compared to conventional laparoscopy. Improving techniques had made this surgery a safe and efficacious treatment option for small renal masses.
The prevalence of methamphetamine and amphetamine abuse in North America: a review of the indicators, 1992 – 2007

Introduction. This paper reviews epidemiological information about methamphetamine production and use in North America. Methods. Information is drawn from a range of sources, including, but not lim...
TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF GERMINATING SEEDS OF LUPINUS ALBUS AND ZEA MAYS

The rate of oxygen consumption by germinating seeds of Lupinus albus and of Zea mays was studied as a function of temperature (7–26°C.). The Warburg manometer technique was used, with slight modifications. Above and below a critical temperature at 19.5°C. the temperature characteristic for oxygen consumption by Lupinus albus was found to be µ = 11,700± and 16,600 respectively. The same critical temperature was encountered in the case of Zea mays, with temperature characteristics µ = 13,100± above and µ = 21,050 below that temperature.
Not all spinal cord injuries involve a fracture.

A middle-aged unrestrained driver involved in a minor motor vehicle crash arrived in the emergency department in complete spinal immobilization. The patient was initially moving both arms and legs spontaneously to commands, crying out in pain and complaining of pain out of proportion to his physical injuries. The only visible injury was a minor abrasion to the forehead. Spinal cord injuries related to trauma are not always obvious. Central cord syndrome (CCS) should be included in the differential diagnosis for spinal cord injuries, even with a minor hyperextension injury without a cervical spine fracture. This case study outlines the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and management of a patient with CCS. Language: en
Electronic Co-Curricular Student Portfolios--Putting Them into Practice

Electronic portfolios are becoming more prevalent on colleges and universities and can be a valuable tool in assessment efforts on campus.