cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Stages of Crystallization in Phase-Separated Amorphous Copper-Niobium Alloy Thin Films

The binary Cu-Nb system is rather interesting, because Cu and Nb are virtually immiscible in the solid state, exhibit a relatively strong clustering (phase separating) tendency in the liquid state, and therefore can only be alloyed in a highly metastable form, for example, by vapor quenching techniques such as sputtering. In this article, metastable amorphous Cu-Nb alloy thin films with nominal compositions of Cu-45 at. pct Nb have been deposited by magnetron cosputtering. The amorphous phase in these thin films exhibits nanoscale phase separation in the as-deposited condition. The early stages of devitrification of this amorphous phase have been investigated using three-dimensional atom probe tomography coupled with transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that devitrification of this phase-separated amorphous phase is initiated by the formation of nanoscale fcc Cu-rich grains uniformly distributed in the amorphous matrix. These nanoscale fcc Cu-rich grains are often faulted and appear to retain some Nb supersaturation. The role of the nanoscale phase separation in the as-deposited amorphous film on the subsequent devitrification is discussed in the context of free energy–composition plots for this system.
An intramolecularly stabilized arylboron dibromide

A new boron dibromide featuring intramolecular Lewis base coordination, ArBBr2 (4; Ar = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl) has been prepared via the salt-elimination reaction of [2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4]Li with BBr3. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments reveal that 4 rystallizes in two polymorphs, both of which ave orthorhombic. The principal difference between the two polymorphs is the presence or absence of weak Br ... Br intermolecular contacts. The metrical parameters for the individual molecules of 4 are very similar for both polymorphs; the amine "arm" is coordinated strongly, and the boron atom adopts a somewhat distorted tetrahedral geometry. Compound 4 is surprisingly unreactive toward a variety of hydride transfer reagents. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discrimination between groups of chromosomes and individual chromosomes in the normal human karyotype

The karyotypes of 200 normal individuals are examined in a study designed to investigate the extent to which the cytologist's classification of chromo- somes into the A-G autosomal groups and identification of individual chromosomes are reflected in the values of measurements made on these chromosomes. The statistical technique of diseriminant function analysis is employed to obtain linear functions of the chromosomal measurements which may be used to classify and identify chromosomes. The results of the study indicate that while chromosomes can be grouped with a reasonably high probability of success using measurements alone, identification of individual chromosomes is somewhat more difficult.
Hypothermia protects the cochlea from noise damage.

Abstract Thresholds of the cochlear action potential were obtained from rodents at euthermic (38°C) and hypothermic (30° and 25°C) rectal temperatures. In the gerbil, low and middle frequency (1–8 kHz) thresholds increased an average of 2.3 dB per °C decrease of body temperature; at 16 kHz 3.5 dB/°C; and at 32 kHz, an increase of 4.4 dB/°C. In the mouse, these values were: 2–16 kHz 1.4 dB increase per °C decrease; 32 kHz 2.7 dB/°C; 64 kHz 3.8 dB/°C. When subjects maximally susceptible to permanent threshold shift (PTS) at low and middle frequencies (anesthetized, immature mice) were exposed to 115 dB noise, hypothermia reduced PTS at these most susceptible frequencies (2–16 kHz). When awake adult mice were exposed to this noise, hypothermia protected them from PTS at their most vulnerable frequency (32 kHz).
Silicon: A Possible Factor in Bone Calcification

Silicon, a relatively unknown trace element in nutritional research, has been uniquely localized in active calcification sites in young bone. Silicon increases directly with calcium at relatively low calcium concentrations and falls below the detection limit at compositions approaching hydroxyapatite. It is suggested that silicon is associated with calcium in an early stage of calcification.
A generalization of the Wiener rational basis functions on infinite intervals: Part I-derivation and properties

We formulate and derive a generalization of an orthogonal rational-function basis for spectral expansions over the infinite or semi-infinite interval. The original functions, first presented by Wiener, are a mapping and weighting of the Fourier basis to the infinite interval. By identifying the Fourier series as a biorthogonal composition of Jacobi polynomials/functions, we are able to define generalized Fourier series which, when appropriately mapped to the whole real line and weighted, generalize Wiener's basis functions. It is known that the original Wiener rational functions inherit sparse Galerkin matrices for differentiation, and can utilize the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for computation of the expansion coefficients. We show that the generalized basis sets also have a sparse differentiation matrix and we discuss connection problems, which are necessary theoretical developments for application of the FFT.
A Structural Model of Scientific Eminence

In order to determine the psychological influences contributing to scientific eminence, data from interviews, self-reports, peer ratings, observer ratings, and objective productivity measures were obtained on 99 full professors of physics, chemistry, and biology at major research universities in California. A structural model in which psychological factors were predicted to have a direct influence on both productivity and eminence and an indirect influence on eminence yielded a very good fit to the data. These findings support previous research on scientific creativity and eminence, and extend it by providing the first integrated structural model of scientific eminence.
The effect of Reynolds number on the boattail drag of two wing-body configurations

An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 1/3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel to determine the effects of varying Reynolds number on the boattail drag of wing-body configurations at subsonic speeds. Two boattailed cone-cylinder nacelle models were tested with a 60 deg delta wing at an angle of attack of 0 deg. Reynolds number, based on model length, was varied from about 2.5 million to 67 million. Even though the presence of the wing had large effects on the boattail pressure coefficients, the results of this investigation were similar to those previously found for a series of isolated boattails. Boattail pressure coefficients in the expansion region became more negative with increasing Reynolds number, while those in the recompression region became more positive. These two effects were compensating, and as a result, there was virtually no effect of Reynolds number on boattail pressure drag.
Application of isotope dilution to the determination of methylmercury in fish tissue by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract Species-specific isotope dilution (ID) calibration using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for separation and detection of methylmercury (MeHg) in fish tissue is described. Samples were digested with methanolic potassium hydroxide. Analytes were propylated and headspace sampled with a polydimethylsiloxane-coated SPME fused-silica fiber. ID analysis was performed using a laboratory-synthesized 198 Hg-enriched methylmercury (Me 198 Hg) spike. Using selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode, the intensities of Me 202 HgPr + at m / z 260 and Me 198 HgPr + at m / z 256 were used to calculate the m / z ratio at 260/256, which was used to quantify MeHg in NRCC CRM DORM-2 fish tissue. A MeHg concentration of 4.336±0.091 μg g −1 (one standard deviation, n =4) as Hg was obtained in DORM-2, in good agreement with the certified value of 4.47±0.32 μg g −1 (95% confidence interval). A concentration of 4.58±0.31 μg g −1 was determined by standard additions calibration using ethylmercury (EtHg) as an internal standard. The three-fold improvement in the precision of measured MeHg concentrations using ID highlights its superiority in providing more precise results compared to the method of standard additions. A method detection limit (3 S.D.) of 0.037 μg g −1 was estimated based on a 0.25 g subsample of DORM-2.
The impact of recent rehospitalization on community adjustment.

THE IMPACT OF RECENT REHOSPl&#39;l&#39;ALlZATION ON COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT STEVEN P. SEGAL, Ph.l). University of California School of Social Welfare, Berkeley, California ABSTRACT In a study of 500 formerly hospitalized mentally ill residents of comunity-based sheltered- care facilities in California, results indicate that rehospitalization services as a means of _ ‘updating’ the chronic patient’s treatment. By returning to the hospital the patient is linked to the service system and its newest beneﬁts accrue to him. In the absence of a care system which can more effectively link chronic patients to available services, rehospitalization may serve an iunforseen positive function. INTRODUCTION Recent years hve seen an increasing emphasis on the rapid discharge of mental hospital patients with the hope of promoting community adjustment rather than on initiating a process of long-term institutionalization. This emphasis on rapid discharge, however, has been accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of readmissions. This phenomenon has come to be known as the “revolving door syndrome.” The revolving door syndrome is characterized by a continuing pattern of admissions to a mental hospital interspersed with brief periods of time spent by the patient in the community. While readmission to the hospital is currently looked on as something to be avoided, especially as manifested in the revolving door syndrome, in the absence of a well—coordinated system of community care service the hospital can serve an integral supportive function in the provision of community care. Does the hospital actually serve such a function’? This study will seek to determine whether recently readmitted chronic mental patients are more likely to have their post-hospital community adjustment enhanced by their actual hospital expereience. In order to determine how an individual‘s post-hospitaladjustment might be enhanced by his hospital experience, it seems important to consider the factors related to recidivism of ex- mental patients. Numerous studies have attempted to explain this phenomenon. A brief ‘review of the literature indicates that four essential variables seems most likely to contribute to it. These are: 1) the type of hospital treatment prior to discharge, 2) the extent of participation in aftercare services following discharge, 3) the characteristics of patients prior to admission, .‘and 4) the characteristics of patients prior to readmission. _/ In a review of the literature, Anthony er al. (I972) concluded that overall differences in the types of service received within the hospital do not differentially effect rates of readmission. The fact that hospital treatment programs seem to be unrelated to rates of readmission is also illustrated in the conflicting ﬁndings of Click (1974), Herz et al., (in press) and Bland (1976) with regard to the impact of long v_s. short hospitalization on readmission rates. This research is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Grant #SR01 MH25-317-OSESR. I63
Piperine activates human pregnane X receptor to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 and multidrug resistance protein 1

Activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and subsequently its target genes, including those encoding drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes, while playing substantial roles in xenobiotic detoxification, might cause undesired drug-drug interactions. Recently, an increased awareness has been given to dietary components for potential induction of diet-drug interactions through activation of PXR. Here, we studied, whether piperine (PIP), a major component extracted from the widely-used daily spice black pepper, could induce PXR-mediated expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1). Our results showed that PIP activated human PXR (hPXR)-mediated CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression in human hepatocytes, intestine cells, and a mouse model; PIP activated hPXR by recruiting its coactivator SRC-1 in both cellular and cell-free systems; PIP bound to the hPXR ligand binding domain in a competitive ligand binding assay in vitro. The dichotomous effects of PIP on induction of CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression observed here and inhibition of their activity reported elsewhere challenges the potential use of PIP as a bioavailability enhancer and suggests that caution should be taken in PIP consumption during drug treatment in patients, particularly those who favor daily pepper spice or rely on certain pepper remedies.
Texture transforms of remote sensing data

Tone and texture are fundamental interrelated visual concepts. The concepts are used for the digital analysis of remotely sensed image data. The reported investigation had the objective to develop software for the quantification of image texture and to apply the texture information to both image enhancement and thematic classification of remotely sensed data. The quantitative texture information was applied to the analysis of Landsat-2 Multispectral Scanner Subsystem (MSS) data. Attention is given to the characterization of image texture, textured transformations, the subtext program, and a description of methods and results. It is pointed out that the inability to use the texture transforms of the Landsat MSS data for the thematic mapping of the study area's land cover contrasts sharply with the reported results of the textural analysis of digitized aerial photography by Hsu (1978).
On the Distribution of Climate Change Resulting from an Increase in CO2 Content of the Atmosphere

Abstract A study of the climatic effect of doubling or quadrupling of CO2 in the atmosphere has been continued by the use of a simple general circulation model with a limited computational domain, highly idealized geography, no seasonal variation of insolation, and a simplified interaction between cloud and radiative transfer. The results from the numerical experiments reveal that the response of the model climate to an increase of CO2 content in air is far from uniform geographically. For example, one can identify the high-latitude region of the continent where the runoff rate increases markedly, a zonal belt of decreasing soil moisture around 42° latitude, and a zone of enhanced wetness along the east coast of the subtropical portion of the model continent. The general warming and the increase of moisture content of air, which results from a CO2 increase, contributes to the large reduction of the meridional temperature gradient in the lower model troposphere because of 1) poleward retreat of highly refl...
Exploiting spectral content for image segmentation in GPR data

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sensors provide an effective means for detecting changes in the sub-surface electrical properties of soils, such as changes indicative of landmines or other buried threats. However, most GPR-based pre-screening algorithms only localize target responses along the surface of the earth, and do not provide information regarding an object's position in depth. As a result, feature extraction algorithms are forced to process data from entire cubes of data around pre-screener alarms, which can reduce feature fidelity and hamper performance. In this work, spectral analysis is investigated as a method for locating subsurface anomalies in GPR data. In particular, a 2-D spatial/frequency decomposition is applied to pre-screener flagged GPR B-scans. Analysis of these spatial/frequency regions suggests that aspects (e.g. moments, maxima, mode) of the frequency distribution of GPR energy can be indicative of the presence of target responses. After translating a GPR image to a function of the spatial/frequency distributions at each pixel, several image segmentation approaches can be applied to perform segmentation in this new transformed feature space. To illustrate the efficacy of the approach, a performance comparison between feature processing with and without the image segmentation algorithm is provided.
Sensorineural and pseudosensorineural hearing losses.

This paper describes, on the basis of animal experiments, that Carhart's notch is caused either by ossicular-chain defects or by stapedial mass-loading. Thus, not all bone conduction impairments are an indication of sensorineural hearing losses, i.e., inner-ear defects.
The semiclassical surface-of-section method in three dimensions

Abstract The semiclassical surface-of-section method is extended to treat a three-dimensional model problem. Integration of classical trajectories generates four-dimensional phase-space surfaces; two-dimensional interpolation on each hypersurface provides an exact Poincare surface of section. Numerical quadrature provides classical actions and semiclassical quantum numbers. The energy, a function of three non-integer quantum numbers, is interpolated to integer values of the quantum numbers to obtain the semiclassical eigenvalue spectrum. Results for a model problem are compared with quantum variational calculations. Twenty-two eigenvalues were obtained with 17 trajectories.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Monocarbollide Carbonyl Complexes of Iron and Molybdenum with Icosahedral Frameworks

The [NEt4]+ (1a), [NHMe3]+ (1b), and [N(PPh3)2]+ (1c) salts of the monoanion [Fe(CO)3(η5-7-CB10H11)]- have been prepared via the reaction between [Fe3(CO)12] and [NHMe3][nido-7-CB10H13] in THF (tetrahydrofuran). The complexes [N(PPh3)2][Fe(CO)2(L)(η5-7-CB10H11)] (L = PPh3 (2), CNBut (3)) were obtained by treating 1c in THF with PPh3 and CNBut, respectively, in the presence of Me3NO. The compound [N(PPh3)2][Mo(CO)4(η5-7-CB10H11)] (4) has been synthesized from [Na]3[nido-7-CB10H11] and [Mo(CO)3(NCMe)3] in the presence of CO and with addition of HBF4·Et2O and [N(PPh3)2]Cl. An X-ray diffraction study established that in the anion of 4 the Mo atom is coordinated on one side by the four CO molecules and on the other by a nido-7-CB10H11 carborane in a η5 manner. In reactions with PPh3 and CNBut, the salt 4 gives the species [N(PPh3)2][Mo(CO)3(L)(η5-7-CB10H11)] (L = PPh3 (5a), CNBut (6)). Salts of the anions [Fe(CO)3(η5-7-CB10H11)]- and [Mo(CO)3(PPh3)(η5-7-CB10H11)]- react with donor molecules (THF, OEt2, SMe2) i...
Quality of stored potatoes improved by chemical treatment

A combination spray of CIPC, thiabendazole, and chlorine applied to potatoes at time of storage negated the detrimental effect of CIPC when applied to freshly harvested tubers. It also prevented sprouting and reduced the incidence of pressure bruise. The application of thiabendazole and chlorine reduced Fusarium tuber rot and the degree of tissue degradation around wounds, thereby increasing tuber quality.
Oceanographic activities of the Hydrographic Office, 1946-1952

The formation of a Division of Oceanography in the Hydrographic Office was announced by Glover [1946], and its early progress was described by Bates and Fleming [1947]. Work in many phases of oceanography has continued. The two oceanographic survey vessels, USS San Pablo and Rehoboth, were commissioned late in 1948 [Austin, 1951]. Since that time they have made ten cruises, principally in the Atlantic, carrying out a wide variety of measurement programs [Abel, 1951]. Some of the statistics of the ten cruises are impressive: 206,661 miles steamed; 720 stations occupied; 12,776 bathythermograph slides obtained; 82 cores recovered; 864 days spent at sea.
L2 root infinitives uprooted and revisited

Recent work on child L2 acquisition of English demonstrates that root infinitives (RIs) abound in early language (Gavruseva and Lardiere 1996, Haznedar and Schwarz 1997). This paper aims to show that current approaches to RIs (Rizzi 1993/94, Prevost and White 2000) fail to account for the correlations between a predicate’s Aktionsart and its finiteness status. For example, it is shown that statives and punctual eventives are quite consistently finite, whereas non-punctual eventives are ‘optionally’ finite in the L2 data from five children (mean age 7;5). An alternative account of the RI effect is developed, suggesting that verbs in the English lexicon are specified either for an inherent telicity feature or a compositional telicity feature and that the respective features are checked in the aspectual projections with different properties. The central assumption is that syntactic aspectual features are underspecified in early child L2 syntax. The child L2 data are shown to be consistent with this hypothesis.
NMR in CsCl-ordered non-magnetic LaAg and YCu

Abstract The Knight shifts and T 1 T products have been measured for 139 La, 89 Y, 109 Ag, and 63 Cu in the intermetallic compounds LaAg and YCu having CsCl structural order, and are found to have at most weak temperature dependences and to be similar in most cases to the pure-metal values. Our results confirm the non-magnetic pseudo-noble metal character of these compounds.
Habitat selection in a large orb-weaving spider: vegetational complexity determines site selection and distribution.

Summary 1. The distribution of the large orb-weaving spider Argiope trifasciata in old field habitats of North America and the habitat selection process this species used was studied for 2 years. 2. Because web spiders have limited dispersal abilities and an energetically costly prey capture device, they do not have the ability to sample potential foraging sites. Structural complexity of the vegetation to which the web must be attached is relatively easy to assess. The hypothesis that the structural complexity is a primary factor in determining initial web site selection was tested both by relating the natural distribution of the spiders across habitats to vegetational complexity and by manipulating the complexity of the habitats in a series of experiments. 3. Argiope trifasciata was not distributed evenly among three old field vegetation types. Habitat complexity was related to spider density in both years although no measure of insect activity, prey capture, or prey consumption was correlated with spider distribution. 4. Three experimental manipulations were conducted to test the impact of habitat structure on spider establishment: (1) the amount of natural vegetation was reduced, (2) structures were added to a simple habitat, and (3) the complexity of the structures added was varied. In each case, spiders were introduced and establishment of webs was monitored. In all manipulations, spider establishment was related to the complexity of the substrate available. 5. These results are important for understanding the cues that influence foraging site selection and therefore provide insight into the distribution of species with limited dispersal abilities and high site investment requirements.
Possible solution to the horizon problem: Modified aging in massless scalar theories of gravity.

An early MAD (massively aged and detained) epoch during which the University becomes older than in the standard model is proposed as a possible new resolution to the horizon problem. This scenario differs from inflation in that there is no period of vacuum domination required and no entropy violation. Extensions of Einstein gravity which allow the Planck mass ${m}_{\mathrm{Pl}}$ to change with time as the Universe evolves may provide such a MAD resolution to the horizon problem: in a cosmology where the gravitational constant $G={m}_{\mathrm{Pl}}^{2}$ is not in fact constant, the Universe may be older at a given temperature than in the standard hot big bang model. Thus, larger regions of space could have come into causal contact at that temperature. This opens the possibility that large regions became smooth without violating causality. We discuss in this paper theories of gravity in which the gravitational constant is replaced with a function of a massless scalar field. We first consider the original Brans-Dicke proposal and then address more general scalar theories. However, this resolution to the smoothness problem can more generally be a feature of any physics which allows the Planck mass to vary with time. Solutions to the equations of motion during the radiation dominated era for Brans-Dicke gravity and more general massless scalar theories of gravity are presented. In particular, we study the evolution of the field $\ensuremath{\Phi}$ which determines the Planck mass at any given time, $\ensuremath{\Phi}(t)={m}_{\mathrm{Pl}}{(t)}^{2}$, in the absence of a potential for $\ensuremath{\Phi}$. We find that, regardless of initial conditions, the Planck mass evolves towards an asymptotic value ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{m}}_{\mathrm{Pl}}={\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. For both a Brans-Dicke cosmology and a more general scalar theory, our observable Universe could fit inside a region causally connected at some high temperature ${T}_{c}$ prior to matter-radiation equality if there is a large disparity between the early value of the Planck mass and the Planck mass today; specifically, our causality condition is that $\frac{{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{m}}_{\mathrm{Pl}}}{{m}_{\mathrm{Pl}}({T}_{0})}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}\frac{{T}_{c}}{{T}_{0}}$, where ${m}_{\mathrm{Pl}}({T}_{0})={M}_{0}={10}^{19}$ GeV is the Planck mass today and ${T}_{0}$ is the temperature of the cosmic background radiation today. Still, an additional mechanism is required to drive the Planck mass to the value ${M}_{0}$ before the Universe cools below a temperature of ${T}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}2.74\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ K. A mechanism capable of anchoring the Planck mass fast enough will necessarily accelerate the cosmological expansion and thus involves important dynamics. We suggest possible mechanisms to anchor the Planck mass and complete this MAD model.
Student voices in Readers' Theater: exploring communication in the hidden curriculum.

Abstract Objective During the clerkship years, students often discover a misalignment between formal preclinical communication skills teaching and the actual practices of housestaff and attending role models. We developed a workshop for medical educators to identify how the hidden curriculum models (or fails to model) effective communication skills. Workshop design Using Readers’ Theater, participants enacted and then discussed a scenario designed to trigger reflection. The script was adapted from an in-depth student narrative describing her team's use of a derogatory term to label a patient. The student must decide whether and how to respond. Workshop outcomes Participants discussed potential responses to breaches of professionalism medical hierarchy, ethical conflict centered on conforming pressure, “holding ambivalence”, and gender inequality in medicine. A number of communication options for the student were considered, and role-played. Conclusion The use of student narratives in medical education helps learners better understand the content and nuance of the hidden curriculum. Readers’ Theater is a powerful tool to actively invite learners to step into the shoes of trainees in order to glean additional perspectives. Engaging educators in the task of collaborative solution building using this format can help improve learning environments.
A Technique for Measuring Fading Microwave Signals from the ATS-5 Spacecraft

A description of a technique for measuring fading microwave signals from the NASA ATS-5 spacecraft is presented. A ground station was used to transmit to and receive from the ATS-5 via its L-band transponder. The experiment included an L-band transmitter, three independent L-band receiving systems, and a semiautomatic data acquisition and analysis system. Sample data are presented.
Vibration response of microcantilevers bounded by a confined fluid

Hydrodynamic predictions of fluid velocity and pressure distribution are made for fluid in a confined space bounded by a vibrating microcantilever and a fixed surface. The results are used to quantify damping factors and predict frequency response amplitudes of a microcantilever vibrating near a fixed surface. The theoretical predictions of vibration response compare favorably with experimental data.
R-Code: Network coding-based reliable broadcast in wireless mesh networks

Broadcast is an important communication primitive in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Applications like network-wide software updates require reliable broadcast to ensure that every node in the network receives the information completely and correctly. With underlying unreliable wireless links, a key challenge in implementing reliable broadcast in WMNs is to achieve 100% information reception rate at every node with high communication efficiency and low latency. Recently, network coding has emerged as a promising coding scheme in terms of communication efficiency especially for one to many communication patterns. In this paper, we put forward R-Code, a network coding-based reliable broadcast protocol. We introduce a guardian-ward relationship between neighboring nodes that effectively distributes the responsibility of reliable information delivery - from the global responsibility of the source to the localized responsibilities of guardians to their corresponding wards. We use a link quality-based minimum spanning tree as a backbone to guide the selection of guardians adaptively and the transmission of coded packets accordingly. Opportunistic overhearing is also utilized to improve the performance of the protocol. Extensive simulation results show that R-Code achieves 100% packet delivery ratio (PDR), while enjoying significantly less transmission overhead and shorter broadcast latency, compared with a state-of-the-art reliable broadcast protocol, AdapCode.
Multiobjective Optimization of Cost, Performance and Thermal Reliability in 3DICs

In this paper we propose a fast and efficient method of multiobjective optimization for 3DIC building block placement. The objectives are cost, performance and thermal reliability. Our proposed method is based on a Quasi-Newton analytical optimization method. Our approach also uses a scalarization method of Compromise Programming, in which the weighted distance of the objectives from their minimum points is optimized. A fast 3DIC thermal map model is used in the optimization algorithm to eliminate the thermal analysis bottleneck during the optimization iterations. In comparison with previous multiobjective optimizations for sample 3DIC configurations, our method reduces the peak temperature by 4.3% and total wire length by 5.7% while it is more than 17x faster in the optimization runtime, on average.
Flowering and fruiting in 'arbequina' olives in subtropical climates where olives normally remain vegetative

Abstract It is generally assumed that lack of flowering and fruiting in olives in subtropical climates of southern Texas (e.g. Weslaco Texas area; N 26.16° Latitude 97.96° Longitude) is due to fewer chilling days (<7.2°C) during winter than most olive growing areas of the world. However using controlled environmental chambers we have recently shown that flowering and fruiting in the ‘Arbequina’ cultivar of olives can be achieved without any chilling days. This raised the question of why olive trees don't flower in southern Texas where they do experience some chilling days. We hypothesize that the absence of flowering in olives growing in southern Texas and a similar climate elsewhere is due not to the lack of enough chilling days but most likely due to high temperatures during the day (≥°C) that inhibit flowering. To test our hypothesis we provided cooling to olive trees growing under Weslaco Texas climate by simple shading or by evaporative cooling. These treatments resulted in good flowering and fruitin...
Canal markings produced by endosonic instruments

It has been recognised that ultrasonic files leave a diagonal pattern within the canal following endosonic instrumentation. There is confusion on the causative factor on the production of these marks. Furthermore there is little information about the marks produced by sonic files. An in vitro system consisting of highly polished dentin discs demonstrated that the ultrasonic K-file made a diagonal pattern that was an imprint of the cutting edges of the file. The sonic files produced different markings which were the result of their longitudinal and transverse motion. Root canals of extracted teeth were prepared with these instruments and similar grooves were observed. The ultrasonic K-file had diagonal grooves in the coronal and middle third of the root canal but longitudinal marks in the apical third. The rispisonic and shaper files produced debris even in the presence of NaOCl. This debris was formed into discrete parallel bands. Both longitudinal and transverse grooves were present and the canal had many other scratches similar to those seen with the dentin discs. There were differences between the marks produced by either ultrasonic or sonic endosonic instruments but it is unknown whether this influences the long term prognosis of the root canal therapy.
Neurological complications in hemophilia.

. Lutschg, J. and Vassella, F. (Department of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland) Neurological Complications in Hemophilia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:235, 1981. –The clinical data of 59 patients with hemophilia A or B are reviewed. Intracranial bleeding was observed in 6 patients and a minor bleeding episode was assumed in a further 8 patients. Neurosurgical evacuation of the hematoma was necessary in 2 cases and the remaining patients were treated solely with factor VIII or IX. In 10 patients a peripheral nerve lesion was observed, paresis of the femoral nerve being the most frequent (5 cases). Two patients showed a lesion of the lumbar and sacral plexus, 2 patients a lesion of the radial nerve and one patient a lesion of the cutaneous femoris lateralis nerve.
Optimal flows in networks with multiple sources and sinks, with applications to oil and gas lease investment programs

In the classical maximal flow problem, the objective is to maximize the supply to a single sink in a capacitated network. In this paper we consider general capacitated networks with multiple sinks: the objective is to optimize a general "concave" preference relation on the set of feasible supply vectors. We show that an optimal solution can be obtained by a marginal allocation procedure. An efficient implementation results in an adaptation of the augmenting path algorithm. We also discuss an application of the procedure for an investment company that deals in oil and gas ventures.
Demonstration of a linear composition gradient during water saturation of CO2 in supercritical fluid chromatography

Water was added to CO2 by saturation to increase the solvation power of the mobile phase in supercritical fluid chromatography. The saturation was performed at a temperature above the boiling point of water (100°C) to increase the amount of water which could be loaded homogeneously into the CO2 (2.5–3.0 mol% water as compared to about 0.25 mol% water at 25°C). A linear composition of water was produced by altering the density of the CO2 during saturation. Modifications to the injector and CO2 transfer lines prevented phase separation as a result of the instrumentation used in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). After fitting vapor-liquid equilibria data to pressure, density, and temperature conditions, approximately 2.5–3.0 mol% of water was introduced in a linear gradient at 110°C. The effect of water on SFC performance was evaluated with standard steroid compounds. This paper provides further evidence for the need to examine vapor-liquid equilibria data prior to SFC.
Prostate atrophy and spinal cord lesions.

A single blinded, quantifiable survey of prostate size in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. A small prostate gland is sometimes found on routine digital rectal examination (DRE) in SCI patients. Interruption of neurohormonal supply to the prostate gland might lead to atrophy. To test this interpretation, transrectal ultrasonic (TRUS) examinations have been carried out in SCI patients stratified by severity of paralysis. Nine severely paralyzed spinal cord-injured men (levels at T10 or above and ASIA A, B, or C) were compared with 12 less severely paralyzed men (levels lower than T10 at any grade or ASIA D at any level). The groups were age matched. All patients were examined with a 90° sector TRUS probe that measured the prostate gland in three dimensions and calculated the prostate volume and weight. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were also measured. By TRUS the prostate size was smaller in the severely paralyzed (range 8–16 g, mean 13 g) than in the less severely paralyzed (range 10–70 g, mean 28 g), P=0.02. The PSA level of the severely paralyzed group tended to be lower (0.5–2.1, mean 0.7 ng/ml versus 0.5–10.4, mean 2.2 ng/ml), P=0.08. The prostate gland of severely paralyzed SCI patients is small. Interruption of neurohormonal pathways due to extensive cord damage may be a factor.
A Wind Tunnel Investigation on the Riming of Snowflakes. Part I: Porous Disks and Large Stellars

Abstract The effects of porosity on the accretional growth characteristics of ice crystal aggregates (snowflakes) are investigated by riming circular disks of ice in a cloud tunnel. Twelve disk models were used, sized 5 to 6 mm and 10 to 11 mm in diameter, with various hole sizes and numbers, resulting in porosities ranging between 15% and 50%. The onset for riming occurred much earlier for porous dish than for similarly sized nonporous disks as the tunnel airflow speed was increased. For porosities in excess of 15%, the rime growth rates were found to be relatively insensitive to the extent of porosity. However, these rates were an order of magnitude greater than those for nonporous disks of the same size and rimed at the same flow velocity. The appearance of the rime was similar to that observed in the atmosphere for similar conditions. A large stellar model was rimed using the same techniques, and its riming rate was found to be in fair agreement with previous experiments.
A sensitive assay for 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes.

Abstract We have defined variants (V) resistant to 6-thioguanine (TG) by their ability to divide at least once during a 72-h incubation in a medium containing 0.2 mM TG. We blocked cytokinesis by adding cytochalasin B (CB) after 30 h in culture. The cells that had undergone nuclear division were identified by their content of 2 or more nuclei. The long incubation period allowed slow growing V to be counted. As a result we scored an order of magnitude more V than have been reported in assays using the conventional 30–40 h culture times. In the γ-ray dose range of 0–0.5 Gy we scored 80 V per 1000 surviving lymphocytes per Gy — a result some two orders of magnitude larger than has been reported previously.
Computation of periodic solutions and their regions of attraction for flexible structures under nonlinear feedback control

A method for calculating all periodic solutions and their domains of attraction for flexible systems under nonlinear feedback control is presented. The systems considered consist of mechanical systems with many flexible modes and a relay type controller coupled with a Proportional-plus-Integral-plus-Derivative control law operating in a feedback configuration. The proposed approach includes three steps. First, limit cycle frequencies and periodic fixed points are computed exactly, using a block diagonal state-space modal representation of the plant dynamics. Then the relay switching surface is chosen as the Poincare mapping surface and is discretized using the cell mapping method. Finally, the region of attraction for each limit cycle is computed using the cell mapping algorithm and employing an error-based convergence criterion. An example consisting of a system with two modes, a relay with dead-zone, and a non-collocated Proportional-plus-Derivative controller is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Exercise coronary flow reserve of bilateral internal thoracic artery bypass grafts

Abstract We attempted to quantify the exercise coronary flow reserve in 20 patients with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts to the left coronary arteries (group I) who had complete revascularization. The coronary sinus blood flow was measured by the continuous thermodilution method both at rest and during exercise (50 W for 8 to 9 minutes) approximately 1 month after the operation. These results were compared with 30 patients treated with an internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein grafts to the left coronary arteries (group II) and 9 patients with saphenous vein grafts alone to the left coronary arteries (group III). There were no differences among the three groups in age, sex, number of vessels involved, heart rate, double products, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic volume, or LV mass at the time of study. None of the 59 patients in the study had abnormally enlarged LV end-diastolic volume or increased LV mass. The postoperative coronary sinus blood flow per 100 grams of LV mass at rest was similar among the three groups (73.0 ± 26.4 mL/min per 100 g LV mass in group I, 73.4 ± 31.1 nL/min per 100 g LV mass in group II, and 75.9 ± 28.5 mL/min per 100 g LV mass in group III [not significant]) and significantly ( p
A Three-Dimensional Microporous Metal–Metalloporphyrin Framework

A new porphyrin-based microporous MOF, {Mn(II)0.5[Mn(II)4Cl(Mn(III)Cl-ttzpp)2(H2O)4]}·(DEF)20·(CH3OH)18·(H2O)12 (UTSA-57), has been constructed from {5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(2,3,4,5-tetrazolyl)phenyl]porphyrinato} manganese(III) chloride as the metalloligand. The MOF adopts the rare scu topology with one-dimensional square nanotube-like channels of about 20 A. UTSA-57a exhibits permanent porosity and displays moderately high performance for C2H2/CH4 separation at room temperature.
Acute warfarin toxicity: An unanticipated consequence of amoxicillin/clavulanate administration.

Patient: Male, 53 Final Diagnosis: Acute Warfarin toxicity Symptoms: — Medication: Warfarin Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Hematology Objective: Unusual clinical course
Beam quality specification for photon beam dosimetry.

It is argued that %dd(10), the percentage depth dose at 10 cm in a 10×10 cm2photon beam at a SSD of 100 cm, is a better beam quality specifier for radiotherapy beams than the commonly used values of TPR 10 20 or nominal accelerating potential (NAP). For radiation dosimetry purposes, TPR 10 20 is not an ideal beam quality specifier because (i) stopping‐power ratios for the same value of TPR 10 20 can vary by up to 0.7% for thick‐target bremsstrahlung beams; (ii) the value of TPR 10 20 becomes insensitive to beam quality changes for high‐energy beams; and (iii) it has little intuitive meaning. In contrast, %dd(10) in a pure photon beam specifies stopping‐power ratios within 0.2% for all thick‐target bremsstrahlung beams, maintains its sensitivity for high‐energy beams, and has a simple physical and clinical meaning. It is shown that for all thick‐target bremsstrahlung beams the spr (water/air)=1.2676−0.002 224[%dd(10)] with a rms deviation of 0.1%. The effects of electron contamination in typical high‐energy clinical beams can be corrected for using previously published experimental results or by reducing electron contamination using lead scattering foils.
Study of the movement in vivo and in vitro of labelled cholesterol across the aorta of the normal rat.

Summary A radioautographic technique is described for studying cholesterol transport across a blood vessel wall in a system in vivo and in vitro . A study of the distribution of the tritium-labelled sterol within the intima of the rat aorta demonstrated a concentration of radioactive granules in the intimai cells. The radioactivity within the media in studies both in vivo and in vitro appeared to be concentrated in and adjacent to the smooth muscle cells. These findings are indicative of the important role which these cells play in the transport of cholesterol in the rat arterial wall.
FGF-2 antagonizes the TGF-beta1-mediated induction of pericyte alpha-smooth muscle actin expression: a role for myf-5 and Smad-mediated signaling pathways.

PURPOSE. Although the FGF and TGF- families are known to play an important role in regulating vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell behavior, the influence of these matrixbinding growth factors on microvascular pericyte morphogenesis is not well understood. The current study was undertaken to examine the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of the endothelium-produced growth regulators FGF-2 and TGF-1 on retinal pericyte proliferation and contractile phenotype. METHODS. Using purified retinal pericytes, a series of assays were implemented, including RT-PCR, DNA binding, immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift, and indirect immunofluorescence, in an attempt to elucidate the FGF/TGF-1 signaling cascades that mediate retinal microvascular cell growth and contractile phenotype. RESULTS. Treatment of retinal pericytes with FGF-2 and heparin stimulated nearly a log order increase in proliferation, whereas removal of FGF-2 or addition of TGF-1 caused withdrawal from the growth cycle, inducing a smooth-muscle‐like contractile phenotype, as indicated by upregulation of -smooth muscle actin (-SMA). This switch from a growth-potentiated to a growth-arrested state followed induction of the transcriptional regulator myf-5, as well as the nuclear translocation of myf-5 and Smad2. CONCLUSIONS. Several critical features of the endothelial cell‐ extracellular matrix‐pericyte molecular signaling axis were elucidated in the study that are likely to be responsible for regulating retinal microvascular morphogenesis during normal development, as well as the pathologic angiogenesis accompanying several ocular disorders, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:4994 ‐5005) DOI:10.1167/iovs.03-0291
Use of recombinant and synthetic peptides as attachment factors for cells on microcarriers

Polystyrene culture dishes and polystyrene microcarriers were coated with Pronectin-F and poly-L-lysine (polylysine), either alone or in combination. Pronectin-F is a recombinant peptide containing repeats of the RGD cell-attachment sequence from fibronectin. Polylysine is a polymer of L-lysine. Pronectin-F supported attachment of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations as low as 0.025 micrograms/cm2 of surface area. The cells rapidly spread after attachment. Polylysine at concentrations of 0.05-0.5 micrograms/cm2 also supported cell attachment but cells did not rapidly spread after attachment to this substrate. Higher concentrations of polylysine could not be used because of toxicity. When the two peptides were used in conjunction, MDCK cells attached and spread at lower peptide concentrations than they did when either substrate was used alone. These findings suggest that recombinant Pronectin-F alone or in conjunction with a cationic polymer could be a useful replacement for materials such as gelatin or collagen which are currently used as microcarrier surfaces.