cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A silencer inhibitor confers specific expression of intestinal trefoil factor in gobletlike cell lines

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is selectively expressed in intestinal goblet cells. Previous studies identified cis-regulatory elements in the proximal promoter of ITF, but these were insufficient to recapitulate the exquisite tissue- and cell-specific expression of native ITF in vivo. Preliminary studies suggested that goblet cell-specific expression of murine ITF requires elements far upstream that include a silencer element that effectively prevents ITF expression in non-goblet cells. Transient transfection studies using native or mutant ITF 5'-flanking sequences identified a region that restores expression in goblet cells. This element, designated goblet cell silencer inhibitor (GCSI) element, enables human and murine goblet cell-like cell lines to override the silencing effect of more proximal elements. The GCSI has no intrinsic enhancer activity and regulates expression only when the silencer element is present. Ligation of GCSI and silencer elements to sucrase-isomaltase conferred goblet cell-specific expression. Goblet cells but not non-goblet cells possess a nuclear protein that binds to the GCSI regulatory element (GCSI binding protein; GCSI-BP). Both transient transfection and gel mobility shift assay studies localize the GCSI and GCSI-BP to -2216 to -2204. We conclude that goblet cell-specific transcription of ITF in vivo depends on a regulatory element designated GCSI.
Inflammatory TNBC Breast Cancer: Demography and Clinical Outcome in a Large Cohort of Patients With TNBC

Absract Introduction Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer with poor 5-year survival. Knowledge and information about IBC with the triple negative (TNBC) phenotype are limited. Here, we report the characteristics and outcome of inflammatory TNBC (I-TNBC) cancer cohorts from a large TNBC dataset. Patients and Methods After obtaining institutional review board approval, we collected information on 476 women with a diagnosis of TNBC from 1996 to 2011. Data on patient characteristics, tumor, and treatment were collected. Overall survival (OS) was computed from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or last follow-up. For disease-free survival (DFS), patients were scored if they failed. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v9.3. Results A total of 34 (7%) patients were diagnosed with inflammatory TNBC. The median age was 52 years, and 56% were white. The median follow-up was 13 months (interquartile range, 2-126 months). Twenty-one percent (n = 7) presented with stage IV disease, while 91% had axillary nodal involvement. All but 2 (94%; n = 32) patients had neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with 6% (n = 2) achieving complete response. Twenty-one (62%) patients underwent mastectomy; 71% (n = 24) received radiation. The 2- and 5-year OS and DFS were 34%, 26% (vs. 65%, 46%) and 27%, 23% (vs. 53%, 40%), respectively, for I-TNBC and non-inflammatory stage III-IV TNBC. Compared with the non-inflammatory group, the 2- and 5-year OS (P Conclusion IBC with the triple negative phenotype is an aggressive disease with a significantly inferior outcome compared with non-inflammatory locally advanced TNBC. Newer strategies are required to improve survival outcome.
Effect of cortisone and ACTH on renal fat and limb regeneration in adult salamanders.

Summary1. To 10 groups of 6 to 10 adult specimens of Triturus v. viridescens cortisone acetate, cortisone alcohol, or ACTH was administered for periods of 27-37 days. Four groups of control animals were injected with saline or maintained in tap water or saline. The right forelimbs of all animals were amputated midway between the elbow and carpal region one day following the beginning of treatment. 2. There was no appreciable retardation of limb regeneration in any of the groups. 3. Marked deposition of fat was observed in the lateral renal tubules of animals treated with ACTH, the concentration deposited being approximately proportional to the dose of ACTH. 4. Adrenal cortical tissue of salamanders maintained in the higher concentration of cortisone alcohol (40 mg/1) was found to have undergone a reduction in the lipid droplets which are characteristically present in the normal gland.
Analysis of aetiological surveillance of influenza-like cases from 2009 to 2011

Objective To understand the prevalence rules by collecting throat swabs of influenza like cases using RT-PCRassays in network monitoring laboratory and analysing the results,and provide evidence for the strategies and measures of influenza prevention and control.Methods Throat swab samples of IL1 collected from monitoring hospitals and local CDC during 2009 to 2011 were detected using RT-PCR for influenza viruses.Results A total of 1 620 throat swab samples of ILI were detected,of them,242 cases were nucleic acid positive.The positive rate was 14.94%,of which,196 were H1N1 positive samples,and mainly concentrated in August-December,2009.2 was H1 positive samples,34 were H3 positive samples,and 10 were the influenza B positive samples.Conclusion During the period of 2009 to 2011,influenza A H1N1 became the main epidemic influenza,with the influenza A H3HA and B sporadic.Cases were mostly persons aged between 5 and 59,who were the aim-group of the prevention and control.
Liquid Chromatography Column Regeneration Machine

This paper introduces a liquid chromatography column regeneration machine, which is composed of high performance liquid pumps, reagent bottles and waste bottles. It makes the regeneration an independent work, renovating the damaged liquid chromatography columns without affecting the normal work of HPLC. It increases the working efficiency, reduces the consumption of expensive machines and the analysis cost. The application of this machine will greatly prolong the service life and provide liquid chromatography column with fine analysis ability.
Proper outcome measurements regarding glaucoma: the inadequacy of using intraocular pressure alone.

Physicians typically assess glaucoma treatment in terms of the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP). However, it is inappropriate to use IOP as the sole outcome measure for the management of glaucoma for several reasons: a) it is a precursor of disease, but not the disease itself. b) Most often, it is not the only factor responsible for glaucomatous damage. c) It suggests, wrongly, that IOP should be maximally lowered in all glaucoma patients. d) We are beginning to be able to assess more accurately other signs, not just precursors, of glaucomatous damage itself, most importantly, optic disc damage and visual field loss. Even though these signs are far more valuable than IOP in assessing the outcome of treatment, they, too, nevertheless, are ultimately subordinate to the effect of treatment on the patient's quality of life. (Eur J Ophthalmol 1996; 6: 101-5)
Arsenic Uptake by Muskmelon ( Cucumis melo ) Plants from Contaminated Water

Arsenic is a carcinogenic element that occurs naturally in the environment. High levels of arsenic are found in water in some parts of the world, including Texas. The aims of this study were to determine the distribution of arsenic in muskmelon (Cucumis melo) plants accumulated from arsenic spiked water and to observe effects on plant biomass. Plants were grown and irrigated using water spiked with variable concentrations of arsenic. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify arsenic in different parts of the plant and fruit. Under all conditions tested in this study, the highest concentrations of arsenic were found in the leaves, soil, and roots. Arsenic in the water had no significant effect on plant biomass. Fruits analyzed in this study had arsenic concentrations of 101 μg/kg or less. Consuming these fruits would result in less arsenic exposure than drinking water at recommended levels.
Special Award in Ocean Acoustics

Abstract : The final performance report summarizes the work accomplished during the ten years of support: (1) Publication of results of the 1996 Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) Cruise, (2) completion of the APL Acoustic Tank associated with Ph.D. obtained by Garfield Mellema, (3) summary of the validity of the Markov approximation studies with Dr. Frank Henyey, (4) description of the "Detect" algorithm, (5) description of collaborations with other researchers, (6) description of work in final stages, (7) revisit of the dilemma of the upper turning point phase and intensity fluctuations, and (8) collection of movies/photographs/ papers from Dr. Ewart's 52 years of research at APL.
Faith and Moral Judgment

ANOTHER widely influential approach to the epistemological nature of faith, considered as propositional conviction, traces the genesis of faith to man’s moral experience. Historically, this way of thinking first arose in reaction from the previously dominant view that religious beliefs could be sustained by rational demonstration. Rejecting that view, Immanuel Kant and his followers turned from physical and metaphysical science to ethics for the ground of faith, and this move produced, or expressed, a new understanding of the nature of the act of faith itself.
On the importance of communication research

As communication scholars, we are biased. We see communication as central to personal, professional, social, and cultural endeavors. We enter our classrooms under the assumption that the theories, ...
Focused Library Approach to Discover Discrete Dipeptide Bolaamphiphiles for siRNA Delivery.

In this study, we report a new dipeptide functionalization strategy for developing new dendritic bolaamphiphile vectors for efficient siRNA transfection. A focused library of dipeptides was constructed using four amino acids: l-arginine, l-histidine, l-lysine, and l-tryptophan. The dipeptides were coupled to two dendritic bolaamphiphile scaffolds that we developed previously, allowing us to quickly access a focused library of discrete vectors with multivalent dendritic dipeptide functionalities. The resulting discrete bolaamphiphiles were screened for siRNA delivery in vitro in HEK-293 and HeLa cells. Bolaamphiphiles functionalized with dipeptides containing Lys or Arg and either His or Trp were the most effective for in vitro siRNA delivery. Necessary cationic charge to ensure efficient siRNA binding are provided by Arg and Lys residues, whereas endosomal escape is provided through pH responsive buffering of His or membrane interactions of Trp. The most effective vectors (F10 HR/RH) exhibited greater tha...
Reconstruction of Massive Localized Lymphedema of the Scrotum: Results, Complications and Quality of Life Improvements

Objective To review the surgical technique, outcomes and complications of surgical excision of massive localized lymphedema of the scrotum, and to determine changes in weight and quality of life after excision.
Abiotic proxies for predictive mapping of nearshore benthic assemblages: implications for marine spatial planning

Marine spatial planning (MSP) should assist managers in guiding human activities toward sustainable practices and in minimizing user conflicts in our oceans. A necessary first step is to quantify spatial patterns of marine assemblages in order to understand the ecosystem's structure, function, and services. However, the large spatial scale, high economic value, and density of human activities in nearshore habitats often makes quantifying this component of marine ecosystems especially daunting. To address this challenge, we developed an assessment method that employs abiotic proxies to rapidly characterize marine assemblages in nearshore benthic environments with relatively high resolution. We evaluated this assessment method along 300 km of the State of Maine's coastal shelf (<100 m depth), a zone where high densities of buoyed lobster traps typically preclude extensive surveys by towed sampling gear (i.e., otter trawls). During the summer months of 2010-2013, we implemented a stratified-random survey using a small remotely operated vehicle that allowed us to work around lobster buoys and to quantify all benthic megafauna to species. Stratifying by substrate, depth, and coastal water masses, we found that abiotic variables explained a significant portion of variance (37-59%) in benthic species composition, diversity, biomass, and economic value. Generally, the density, diversity, and biomass of assemblages significantly increased with the substrate complexity (i.e., from sand-mud to ledge). The diversity, biomass, and economic value of assemblages also decreased significantly with increasing depth. Last, demersal fish densities, sessile invertebrate densities, species diversity, and assemblage biomass increased from east to west, while the abundance of mobile invertebrates and economic value decreased, corresponding mainly to the contrasting water mass characteristics of the Maine Coastal Current system (i.e., summertime current direction, speed, and temperature). Integrating modeled predictions with existing GIS layers for abiotic conditions allowed us to scale up important assemblage attributes to define key foundational ecological principles of MSP and to find priority regions where some bottom-disturbing activities would have minimal impact to benthic assemblages. We conclude that abiotic proxies can be strong forcing functions for the assembly of marine communities and therefore useful tools for spatial extrapolations of marine assemblages in congested (heavily used) nearshore habitats.
Engaging and Misbehaving: How Dignity Affects Employee Work Behaviors:

While there has been a growing body of research on workplace dignity, the majority of studies tend to focus on how dignity is experienced by organizational members, paying considerably less attention to consequences for organizations. In this study, we explore the influence of workplace dignity on employee work behaviors that affect organizational performance. Framing our inquiry with Sharon Bolton’s yet-untested multidimensional theory of dignity, we analyze Randy Hodson’s content-coded ethnographic data to reveal that increases in workplace dignity tend to predict increases in employee engagement, yet have mixed effects on counterproductive workplace behaviors. Following a post-hoc ethnographic reimmersion, we identify the critical role of safe and secure working conditions in enabling and constraining employees’ ability to redress or resist workplace indignities with counterproductive workplace behaviors.
Crystal Field Effect Induced Topological Crystalline Insulators In Monolayer IV–VI Semiconductors

Two-dimensional (2D) topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) were recently predicted in thin films of the SnTe class of IV–VI semiconductors, which can host metallic edge states protected by mirror symmetry. As thickness decreases, quantum confinement effect will increase and surpass the inverted gap below a critical thickness, turning TCIs into normal insulators. Surprisingly, based on first-principles calculations, here we demonstrate that (001) monolayers of rocksalt IV–VI semiconductors XY (X = Ge, Sn, Pb and Y = S, Se, Te) are 2D TCIs with the fundamental band gap as large as 260 meV in monolayer PbTe. This unexpected nontrivial topological phase stems from the strong crystal field effect in the monolayer, which lifts the degeneracy between px,y and pz orbitals and leads to band inversion between cation pz and anion px,y orbitals. This crystal field effect induced topological phase offers a new strategy to find and design other atomically thin 2D topological materials.
Crystal structure and luminescence of 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene-1-carbonitrile

The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c: Mr = 181.2; a = 7.119(1), b = 18.389(4), c = 7.5385(6) A β = 91.661(7)° V = 986.4(5) A3; and Z = 4. The purified material shows fluorescence similar to other naphthalene derivatives: monomer fluorescence (λmax 350-370 nm) in the solid state and in dilute solutions, and excimer fluorescence (λmax 421 nm) in concentrated solutions. Intense blue-green luminescence (λmax 490 nm) is observed in some partially purified crystalline samples. This is attributed to phosphorescence from two isomeric bromodimethylnaphthalenecarbonitrile impurities detected by GC-MS analysis.
Scotus and Buridan on the First Known (Primum cognitum)

Noone’s chapter deals with the issue of what the “primordial” object of our intellective cognition is, contrasting Buridan’s position with that of John Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308), perhaps, the most influential author on the issue after Aquinas. The chapter argues that, on the question of whether Buridan was influenced by Scotus on the primum cognitum, there is some slight, but not overwhelming, evidence that Buridan knew arguments similar to those advanced by Scotus, but none that show in a detailed manner any important influence of Scotus’s theory. The chapter concludes that we have, at the level of empirical psychology, some convergence between the two thinkers; however, at the level of ontology and the metaphysical underpinnings of human thought, Buridan and Scotus are quite far apart. Indeed, it would seem that Buridan only thinks about the related issues in terms of a new, nominalist paradigm, simply leaving the original problematic behind.
IrPdRu/C as H2 Oxidation Catalysts for Alkaline Fuel Cells

H2 oxidation kinetics on Pt in alkaline media are very sluggish, being over 100 times slower than in acidic media, and thus, new and more active H2 oxidation electrocatalysts must be developed in order to enable alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). In this Communication, we present a new type of catalysts—carbon-supported IrPdRu nanoparticles—as H2 oxidation catalysts in alkaline media. These catalysts exhibit higher activity than Pt/C and Ir/C catalysts and are also quite stable. In particular, Ir3Ru7/C and Ir3Pd1Ru6/C catalysts are significantly more active and less expensive than Pt/C and Ir/C, and are thus promising new anode catalysts for alkaline fuel cell applications.
Near-wellbore permeability alteration in depleted, anisotropic reservoirs

Abstract Pore pressure depletion from hydrocarbon production causes an increase in effective stress in the reservoir and can result in significant compaction. The change in stress state with depletion induces a change in permeability both in the far-field and the near wellbore region. Modeling the depletion induced permeability alteration is crucial in forecasting hydrocarbon production and designing a drilling strategy. Porosity-based permeability models are typically used in which the permeability changes are assumed to be isotropic. However, most rocks are anisotropic, and the stress changes due to depletion and drilling a well are also anisotropic. As an example, we compared isotropic and anisotropic permeability predictions around a hypothetical well drilled in the Tor formation in Valhall field in the North Sea. The results show that isotropic permeability models tend to underestimate the degree of permeability reduction in the near-wellbore region, but even when anisotropy is considered, the permeability in the radial direction still only decreases by about 10%. These results may still need to be considered when designing a development strategy in depleted reservoirs.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Database review suggests a favorable prognosis in the head and neck.

OBJECTIVE The malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck. Currently, most of the data on this tumor relies on small retrospective studies. The objective of this study is to use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to compare characteristics of this tumor based on location to better understand its prognosis in the head and neck region. This article represents the largest study analyzing prognosis of this tumor in the head and neck to date. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of SEER database. METHODS Using the SEER database, 395 patients with MFH of the head and neck were compared with 3,968 patients with MFH of the trunk and extremities. Disease-specific survival was carried out comparing these two cohorts, as well as univariate and multivariate analysis to determine hazard ratios. RESULTS Head and neck MFH had a significantly higher disease-specific survival compared with trunk and extremity disease. However, head and neck tumors were more frequently a smaller size (P < .0001) and lower grade (P < .0001). Larger tumors and grade III and IV tumors conferred a worse prognosis (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Head and neck malignant fibrous histiocytoma presents at a smaller size and lower grade, likely due to earlier presentation in this region. Because of this, head and neck malignant fibrous histiocytoma represents a more favorable survival prognosis compared with trunk and extremity disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 128:885-888, 2018.
Characterizing Biodiversity of Alpine Streams in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

The highest rate of climate change is occurring in alpine areas above permanent treeline. The Teton Mountains in northwestern Wyoming are one of these ecosystem and little work has been done on alpine streams in the area. We sampled 6 streams in the Teton Mountains in 2015 at both upper and lower sites. We measured environmental variables (e.g., glacierality index, basic water quality, and temperature), aquatic invertebrate assemblages and microbial diversity. The water sources for sampled streams were glacier-fed, snowmelt and icy-seep. Aquatic invertebrate density (116-11,523 ind/m2) and biomass (31-21,704 mg/m2) varied greatly among streams. Snowmelt streams had the highest biomass of invertebrates, but the density and richness did not differ among stream types. Micrbial diversity in groundwater-fed springs harbored higher diversity than glacier-fed streams. The discovery of an icy-seep stream type lead us to sample rock glacier in the Teton Mountains during 2016. We hope to continue to sample alpine streams in the Teton Mountains to understand how climate change will alter streams of different types.
CO2 and Climate - A Continuing Story

The increased use of fossil fuels is providing an intense unnatural source of CO2 to the atmosphere (24). That the level of CO2 has been rising rapidly in the atmosphere (Figures 1a, 1b) must mean that other components of the terrestrial biogeochemical system have not fully taken up the new CO2 (25). We can see from Figure 1c that the seasonally adjusted trends of Mauna Loa and Antarctica indicate that the CO2 seems to be well mixed with about 5% increase over a twenty year period. It has been estimated that the CO2 concentration at the beginning of the industrial revolution, about 130 years ago, was 290 ppm, while projections for the future are for 365–395 ppm by the year 2000 and for a doubling by the mid twenty-first century (26).
Advances in the Technology of Continuous Infusion

Since medicine demonstrated that chemotherapy could have an impact on the outcome of cancer, man has tried to improve on the techniques of delivery. Advances have been made, based on innovative concepts of applied anatomy and on an improved understanding of cell biology, but also based on pure technological progress at the mechanical level. In fact, continuous infusion of chemotherapy is just one of several techniques that reflect the level of multi-disciplinary approach available for the management of malignant disorders today. The basic requirements for establishing such a system consist of a large bore vein, a catheter with an entry site, and a mechanical device providing a constant flow. The technological advances, as well as their advantages over the traditional techniques, are reviewed below. The pitfalls and potential complications will also be briefly analyzed.
Engineered Improvement of the Generation-2 μChemlab™ Biotoxin Detector

The μChemLab™ program is developing hand-portable systems for detecting a broad range of chemical, biological, and viral agents in both gas and liquid samples. The μChem Lab liquid sample analyzer employs electrokinetic sample injection, chip-based electrophoretic microseparations and laser-induced florescence detection to analyze liquid samples. A second-generation liquid phase prototype is described. The device incorporates improvements from technological advances and applied research experience. New features include a modular design that readily accommodates on-chip preconcentration and additional separation techniques. The redesign reduces hardware failures, minimizes downtime during component replacement, improves usability, and provides increased sensitivity. Improvements have been made without compromising previous system performance.
STABILITY THEORY FOR COUNTABLY INFINITE SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes stability theory for countably infinite systems. It establishes new stability results for a class of countably infinite systems of ordinary differential equations. It considers those systems that may be viewed as an interconnection of countably many free or isolated subsystems (which are described by ordinary differential equations defined on finite dimensional spaces). Such systems are often called interconnected systems, composite systems, decentralized systems, large-scale systems, and the like. The objective in the chapter is to analyze interconnected systems in terms of their simpler subsystems and in terms of their interconnecting structure. An initial value problem for countably infinite systems of differential equations is analyzed. Interconnected systems are considered, and weak-coupling conditions are also analyzed.
Compiler-Generated Software Diversity

Present approaches to software security are to a large extent reactive: when vulnerabilities are discovered, developers scramble to fix the underlying error. The advantage is on the side of the attackers because they only have to find a single vulnerability to exploit all vulnerable systems, while defenders have to prevent the exploitation of all vulnerabilities. We argue that the compiler is at the heart of the solution for this problem: when the compiler is translating high-level source code to low-level machine code, it is able to automatically diversify the machine code, thus creating multiple functionally equivalent, but internally different variants of a program.We present two orthogonal compiler-based techniques.With multi-variant execution, a monitoring layer executes several diversified variants in lockstep while examining their behavior for differences that indicate attacks. With massive-scale software diversity, every user gets its own diversified variant, so that the attacker has no knowledge about the internal structure of that variant and therefore cannot construct an attack. Both techniques make it harder for an attacker to run a successful attack. We discuss variation techniques that the compiler can utilize to diversify software, and evaluate their effectiveness for our two execution models.
The multicontext path to redefining how we access and think about diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEM

Poor gender, ethnic, and racial diversity in the geosciences and most of STEM indicates that current approaches to facilitating inclusion and equity are not complete. The prevailing academic cultur...
P450s in Plants, Insects, and Their Fungal Pathogens

Plants, insects, and fungal pathogens utilize numerous P450s in their biosynthetic and detoxicative pathways that provide the basis for their growth, development, and defense mechanisms. With many of their genes and enzymatic functions remaining to be characterized, this chapter details both those identified with functions in basic metabolic processes conserved among species and those with functions in metabolic and catabolic processes specific to individual species. Discussions of those in plants detail their unusually large numbers of P450 genes and atypical monooxygenase reactivities; discussions of those in insects detail their more limited numbers of P450 genes and typical monooxygenase reactivities; discussions of those in fungal pathogens detail only the very few characterized as involved in their interactions with plants and insects. In enumerating this collection of plant, insect, and fungal P450s, this chapter seeks to highlight the many molecular, biochemical, and computational tools available for future functional characterizations and biotechnological applications.
Blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 Enhances adoptive T-cell therapy efficacy in an ICOS mediated manner

Adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells (ACT) has led to modest clinical benefit in the treatment of solid tumors. Failures with this therapy are primarily due to inadequate infiltration and poor function of adoptively transferred cells in the tumor microenvironment. To improve the efficacy of ACT, we combined ACT with dual blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1. Treatment with anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1 compared with monotherapy resulted in durable antitumor responses, enhanced effector function of ACT, utilizing PMEL-1 transgenic (Tg+) CD8+ T cells, and improved survival. Using PMEL-1ICOS-/- mice, we showed that deletion of the inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) receptor abolished the therapeutic benefits, with selective downregulation of Eomesodermin (Eomes), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and perforin. Higher expression of IFNγ and Eomes was noted in human ICOShi CD8+ T cells compared with ICOSlow counterparts. Together, our data provide direct evidence that ACT combined with immune-checkpoint therapy confers durable antitumor responses, which largely depended on CD8+ T-cell-intrinsic expression of ICOS. Our study provides a foundation of testing combinatorial therapy of ACT of CD8 T cells and dual blocking of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in patients with melanoma.
Generation and Reactivity of 2-Amido-1,3-diaminoallyl Cations: Cyclic Guanidine Annulations via Net (3 + 2) and (4 + 3) Cycloadditions

Toward a method for direct conversion of alkenes to cyclic guanidines, we report that 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 2-amido-1,3-diamino allylic cations with alkenes provide a new method for direct cyclic guanidine annulation. Generated under oxidative conditions, the 2-amido-1,3-diaminoallyl cations react as 1,3-dipoles providing rapid access to 2-amino imidazolines through net (3 + 2) cycloadditions. The utility is demonstrated through a concise synthesis of the oroidin alkaloid, phakellin. The described 1,3-dipole also participates in net (4 + 3) cycloadditions with dienes.
Chapter 13 – Estrogens and Progestins

Publisher Summary The endocrine physiology in the female and the interplay of the many hormones associated with sex determination, conception, fetal development, birth, growth, puberty, the reproductive years (lactation), and finally the menopause beautifully illustrate the complexity and responsivity of this highly differentiated endocrine system. The gonadotropins—follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone—and the gonadotropin releasing hormones—particularly GnRH—are not believed to have any direct actions on bodily functions except through their specific actions on the pituitary and ovaries. In contrast to this limited sphere of action, the steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, have a wide range of actions in many tissues. Specialized hormones such as relaxin, placental lactogen, and human chorionic gonadotropin are utilized at certain key intervals to achieve essential endocrinological responses. The female ovary has a dual function in being responsible for both the production and release of the germ cell or ova as well as the biosynthesis and secretion of the key steroid hormones, progesterone and estrogen. These steroid hormones play a dominant role in the differentiation, growth, and maintenance of the sexual reproductive tissues necessary for continuation of the species.
Who Do You Loathe? Feelings toward Politicians vs. Ordinary People in the Opposing Party

Scholars, the media, and ordinary people alike express alarm at the apparent loathing between Democrats and Republicans in the mass public. However, the evidence of such loathing typically comes from survey items that measure attitudes toward the Democratic and Republican Parties, rather than attitudes toward ordinary partisans. Using a nationally representative survey, I find that Democrats and Republicans have substantially more positive feelings toward ordinary people belonging to the opposing party than they do toward politicians in the opposing party and the opposing party itself. These results indicate that research relying on measures of feelings toward the opposing “Party” vastly overstates levels of partisan animosity in the American public and demonstrate the need to distinguish between attitudes toward party elites and ordinary partisans in future research.
Rapid postearthquake safety evaluation of buildings using sparse acceleration measurements

After a seismic event, buildings need to be inspected to confirm their safety prior to reoccupation. As such, the rapid evaluation of the condition of individual buildings is important for minimizi...
Seeing the Forest for Trees: Tools for Analyzing Faculty Research Output

For academic libraries, because budgetary pressures are nearly universal, it is imperative to evaluate journal packages regularly. This article presents an overview of the data and methods that the...
MEAN NUSSELT NUMBER CORRELATION FOR TISE HEATSINK THERMAL DESIGN

This work was developed from a review of the technical literature for the thermal design of parallel plates heat sinks with uniform cross section cooled by airflow with the TISE (Top Inlet Side Exit) configuration. Due to an observed lack of agreement of the literature correlations among themselves and also with the available experimental results, numerical simulations were then performed to evaluate the forced convective heat transfer in the channels of these heat sinks with the TISE configuration. The simulations encompassed a range of heatsink airflow rates, considering distinct channel sizes and also the effect of a partial opening for the airflow entrance at the heat sink top. The obtained numerical results were employed to evaluate the average convective heat transfer coefficient inside the heatsink’s channels, based on the flow mixed mean temperature. A new empirical correlation was then proposed for the average Nusselt number as a function of the airflow Reynolds number and three dimensionless channel geometric parameters. The new correlation was compared with available experimental data.
Social-ecological theory, substance misuse, adverse childhood experiences, and adolescent suicidal ideation: Applications for community-academic partnerships.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth in the United States. Data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of 9th-12th grade students in New Hampshire (N = 14,837) were utilized. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models to evaluate associations between suicidal ideation, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and other risk factors including using opioids/drugs without a prescription and food insecurity. We also examined whether potentially protective behaviors may attenuate the relationship between ACEs and suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 15.4% (girls 20.15; boys 10.67). In unadjusted models, the crude odds ratio reflecting the relationship between suicidal ideation and higher ACE scores was 1.85 (95% CI 1.76-1.94). In adjusted models, suicidal ideation remained positively associated with higher ACE scores (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.52-1.70). Risk and protective behavioral factors identified in relation to suicidal ideation and ACEs are discussed within the context of community-academic partnerships and policy.
Prudent Use of Pain Relief in Food Animals

Relief of both acute and chronic pain in animals is an important part of the practice of veterinary medicine. Human pain medications are frequently used in small animal and equine practice. However, food animal practitioners must follow the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA), which puts restraints on the use of analgesics for pain management in food animals. This paper discusses the use of systemic pharmacologic agents for pain. management in cattle, with an emphasis on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Local anesthetic techniques for pain management are discussed in "Numbirig-Nose to Tail".
Optimal Frontline Therapy for Young or Fit Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case-Based Discussion

Introduction Standard chemotherapy regimens, such as the combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR), previously held a long-standing recommendation as the standard of care for frontline CLL therapy, especially for young and fit patients with CLL. With the introduction of targeted kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib [Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi)], acalabrutinib (BTKi), and venetoclax [B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor (BCL-2i)], this recommendation has evolved over the last decade to incorporate the use of these agents in this population. Young and fit CLL patients are loosely defined as patients under the age of 65 years and those with a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale ≤6 and creatinine clearance ≥70 ml/min.1,2 This abstract will discuss the management of two young, fit patients who require frontline CLL therapy.
Pathogenesis of HIV Lipodystrophy

Our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HIV lipodystrophy has evolved since the initial suggestion that HIV lipodystrophy was a simple and direct consequence of protease inhibitor induced drug toxicity. The complex nature of the syndrome and the multiple factors seemingly associated with the development of this syndrome have led some investigators to consider HIV lipodystrophy as a multi-factorial disease that may be more than one syndrome. Rather, HIV lipodystrophy might more appropriately be viewed as a syndrome caused by overlapping drug toxicities of both the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) classes of anti-retro viral medications in conjunction with host factors. The toxicity is increased by combined use of these two classes of medications, and the manifestation of toxicity may be strongly influenced by various modifying factors such as immunosupression, age, race, and hormonal status. Whether the lipodystrophic effects are mediated completely by direct medication toxicity or whether the ultimate result is partially mediated by complex host-viral interaction remains to be elucidated.
Mortgage Justice Is Blind

New York Times, op-ed on how to prevent avalanche of foreclosure to come (which did), plan for govt program using community banks to replace banks as mortgage servicers and review mortgages to see which would yield more money to investors if principal were reduced rather than property foreclosed upon.
Craniostenosis. Review of the literature and report of thirty-four cases.

Thirty-four cases of craniostenosis are presented. Of the 19 cases of sagittal stenosis, 14 were unoperated. Four of these patients were retarded. This retardation was not believed to be caused by the craniostenosis. Of the five operated patients, three were seen at follow-up, and one was retarded. There was no difference in cosmetic results between the operated and unoperated cases. In the four cases of coronal stenosis there was no detectable difference in mental or cosmetic results between the operated and unoperated cases. In the combined stenosis group of 11 cases, four persons developed papilledema. There was no difference in mental or cosmetic results between those operated on before one year of age and those operated on when symptoms became evident. There is evidence to suggest that in sagittal and coronal stenosis growth of the brain is not restricted by closure of the suture. It would thus seem that there is little need for prophylactic operations but that instead operations should be performed only for papilledema or very severe deformity.
Blackness and Value: Seeing Double

1. Introduction Part I. Violence and the unsightly: 2. Figures of violence 3. Figuring others of value 4. (Further) figures of violence Part II. Reasonings and Reasonableness: 5. De-marking limits Part III. Phonic and Scopic Economies: 6. Signs of others 7. Signs of the visible.
An archive of high‐resolution temperature reconstructions over the past 2+ millennia

High-resolution temperature reconstructions (typically annually to seasonally resolved) have played a key role in understanding paleoclimate immediately prior to the beginning of the instrumental record, especially when calibrated to form an extension of comparable instrumental data coverage (global, hemispheric, and regional). Such calibration allows the information in the instrumental record to be quantitatively extended backward in time in an objective way, enabling description of much longer term fluctuations in climate than possible with instrumental data alone, although with significantly increased uncertainties inherent in proxy-based reconstructions. This data brief describes a newly integrated archive of nearly all the high-resolution temperature reconstructions of the past 2+ millennia included in NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, from small-regional to global scale, which also have been recalibrated to a standard set of instrumental data. Examination of the spectral structure of the data is additionally provided.
New materialist approaches to the study of language and identity: Assembling the posthuman subject

Emphasis on discourse and language-use has fueled the study of identity in education over the last few decades. This paper argues that these approaches fail to fully account for the complex materiality of life, and should be supplemented by new materialist tools for studying language as material. This new materialist approach considers language outside of the usual information–communication model. We argue that this approach is fruitful in studying identity, offering a path around the agency–structure binary where language either serves the subject in self-determination or the institution in furthering normative control. Identity can be studied as an assemblage that does not begin or end in the individual, but partakes of a dynamic affective force field luring posthuman subjects into activity.
Ideal Womanhood in Chinese Thought and Culture

Based on original texts this essay attempts to describe two main conceptual constructions and practices of ideal womanhood in the Chinese tradition: Lienu (exemplary women) as the Confucian social inspirations for women and Kundao (way of female) as the Daoist commitment to bodily and spiritual transformation.
Mutation of a protein kinase C phosphorylation site in the erbB protein of avian erythroblastosis virus.

Tumor promoter-stimulated phosphorylation of threonine 98 of the erbB protein of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) correlates with inhibition of erbB-dependent mitogenesis. To more clearly define the role of phosphorylation of this residue in regulation of the activity of the erbB protein, we have constructed erbB mutations which encode alanine (Ala-98), tyrosine (Tyr-98), or serine (Ser-98) at position 98. The biosynthesis and stability of the three mutant proteins were similar to those of the wild-type erbB protein, and all three retained the ability to transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Treatment of transformed CEF with 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated incorporation of 32Pi into wild-type and mutant erbB proteins and resulted in a slight decrease in the electrophoretic mobilities of all the erbB proteins. Tryptic maps of erbB phosphopeptides showed no endogenous or TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of alanine 98 or tyrosine 98 in cells transformed by the Ala-98 and Tyr-98 mutants. Analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed that TPA treatment of cells stimulated phosphorylation of other sites of the erbB protein in addition to threonine 98. A high endogenous level of phosphorylation of serine 98 of the Ser-98 mutant protein was found, and TPA treatment of cells did not result in further phosphorylation of this residue. Cells transformed by wild-type and mutant AEV were equally sensitive to TPA-dependent inhibition of growth in soft agar and TPA-dependent inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. TPA treatment inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation to a similar extent in cells transformed by wild-type or Ala-98 AEV. These data indicate that phosphorylation of threonine 98 of the erbB protein is not responsible for TPA-dependent inhibition of growth of AEV-transformed cells or TPA-induced inhibition of erbB-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. TPA-stimulated phosphorylation of the erbB protein at other sites may mediate these effects. The data also show that subtle changes in a phosphorylation site (i.e., changing threonine to serine) can drastically alter recognition by protein kinases.
PSP: a persistent streaming protocol for transactional communications

In a distributed environment, many applications require reliable and fault-tolerant communications. While most transactional techniques rely on either a 2-phase commit protocol or checkpointing, neither of these solutions is suitable for large batch processing applications. We describe the persistent streaming protocol (PSP) that guarantees fault-tolerant communications between a sender and one or multiple receivers. An application that uses PSP sends data only once, and they eventually reach their destinations regardless of system or network failures. We first describe PSP and then the prototype implementation.
Online media server scheduling design for content delivery networks

Online media server scheduling algorithms in distributed video-on-demand (VoD) systems are studied in this work. We first formulate a general server scheduling problem based on the VoD service model, where the failure rate and the server-side network bandwidth consumption are identified as two main cost factors in the system. The distributed server scheduler consists of two parts; namely, the request migration scheme and the dynamic content update strategy. By improving the random early migration (REM) scheme, we propose a cost-aware REM (CAREM) scheme to reduce the network bandwidth consumption in the migration process. Furthermore, to accommodate the video popularity and/or client population change, we use the server-video affinity to measure the importance of placing a specific video copy on that server. The dynamic content update strategy uses the server-video affinity metric to reconfigure video copies on media servers. We conduct extensive simulations to measure the performance of proposed algorithms. It can be shown that CAREM together with the dynamic content update strategy can improve the system performance by reducing the request failure rate as well as the server bandwidth consumption.