cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A composite picture of TcRα/β+ CD4-CD8- T cells (α/β-DNTCs) in humans with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

Abstract The discovery of an unusual T-cell subset characterized by the expression of the α/β T-cell receptor without expression of either CD4 or CD8 [α/β-double-negative T cells (α/β-DNTCs)] provided critical insights in the evaluation of a “new” lymphoproliferative disorder known as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). ALPS is a disorder of defective Fas-mediated lymphocyte apoptosis, manifested by accumulation of α/β-DNTCs and other lymphocyte subsets, leading to lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, autoimmunity, and an increased risk of lymphoma. The expanded population of α/β-DNTCs from ALPS patients has a remarkable uniform phenotype that is for the most part similar to α/β-DNTCs from mice with defective Fas (lpr) or Fas ligand (gld). This is in contrast to the minor α/β-DNTC compartment in healthy individuals that contains multiple, immunophenotypically distinct subpopulations. Current data indicate that α/β-DNTCs from ALPS patients are derived from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, chronically activated in vivo but anergic in vitro. Their anergic state may be related to persistent modifications of O-linked carbohydrates on cell surface molecules, such as CD43 and CD45, as well as to the increased presence of interleukin-10. Although largely consistent with a model of (linear) CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell differentiation, the expression patterns of certain surface molecules, such as CD27 and CD28, are not consistent with this model. This may be the result of the perturbed homeostasis of lymphocytes in ALPS, thereby revealing pathways of differentiation and immunophenotypes, including phenotypes pertaining to cell surface glycosylation that are hidden from view in healthy individuals.
Development of a photosynthesis model with an emphasis on ecological applications

A physiologically based steady-state model of whole leaf photosynthesis (WHOLEPHOT) is used to describe net photosynthesis daily time courses in Prunus armeniaca. Net photosynthesis rates are calculated in response to incident light intensity, leaf temperature, air carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf diffusion resistance measured at five minute intervals. The steady-state calculations closely approximate the observed net photosynthesis rates for a broad range of weather conditions and leaf stomatal behavior.
Solving multiple objective linear programs in objective space

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the objective space for a multiple objective linear program and develops a procedure for determining the nondominated extreme points and edges in objective space. Since not all extreme points (nor edges) of the constraint space necessarily map to extreme points (edges) of objective space, this technique analyzes a simpler structure than that analyzed by algorithms based on the extreme points of the constraint space.
Magnetic resonance image intensity ratio, a normalized measure to enable interpatient comparability of left atrial fibrosis.

Background The measurement of late gadolinium–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) intensity in arbitrary units limits the objectivity of thresholds for focal scar detection and interpatient comparisons of scar burden. Objective To develop and validate a normalized measure, the image intensity ratio (IIR), for the assessment of left atrial (LA) scar on LGE-MRI. Methods Electrocardiogram- and respiratory-gated 1.5 Tesla LGE-MRI was performed in 75 patients (75% men; 62 ± 8 years) before atrial fibrillation ablation. The local IIR was defined as LA myocardial signal intensity for each of the 20 sectors on contiguous axial image planes divided by the mean LA blood pool image intensity. Intracardiac point-by-point sampled electroanatomic map points were coregistered with the corresponding image sectors. Results The average bipolar voltage for all 8153 electroanatomic map points was 0.9 ± 1.1 mV. In a mixed effects model accounting for within patient clustering, and adjusting for age, LA volume, mass, body mass index, sex, CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score, atrial fibrillation type, history of previous ablations, and contrast delay time, each unit increase in local IIR was associated with 91.3% decrease in bipolar LA voltage ( P 0.97 and >1.61 corresponded to bipolar voltage Conclusions Normalization of LGE-MRI intensity by the mean blood pool intensity results in a metric that is closely associated with intracardiac voltage as a surrogate of atrial fibrosis.
Heat transfer through the sediments of the Mounds Hydrothermal Area, Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W

Heat transfer processes at the mounds area of the Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W are revealed by temperatures measured at ≈ 10-m intervals in the 30±10m sediment at each of 12 holes at DSDP Leg 70 Sites 506–509 and by temperatures of up to five thermistors on eleven 8–12 m long piston cores. The 325 needle-probe values show a significant linear increase of thermal conductivity with depth in each core. About half of the temperature-thermal resistance profiles are nonlinear and are fit to a steady state, vertical pore water advection model. Results indicate high and variable total heat flow and localized hydrothermal discharge at ≈ 10−8 m/s, associated with individual mounds. Recharge is indicated at similar rates in the low heat flow belt ≈ 5 km south of the mounds and is suggested at slower rates in the intermediate heat flow (0.17–0.42 W/m2) belt surrounding the mounds heat flow high. Possible slow entrained recharge within ≈ 100 m of discharging mounds is suggested. Also suggested is strong local discharge along the major fault bounding the mounds crustal block to the north. About 95 km north of the spreading axis, at DSDP Site 510, temperatures in the 114-m sediment cover on 2.7-m.y. crust are linear, consistent with the suggestion that the hydraulic resistance of this layer is sufficient to seal off free hydrothermal exchange between basement and bottom water. The combination of heat flow data and the physical properties data of Karato and Becker (this issue) suggests that ≈ 50 m of sediment may be a threshold thickness for sealing of hydrothermal circulation within basement, where the topography is smooth. We suggest that the formation of mounds may be associated with the forced localization of hydrothermal discharge through the sediment, as its thickness approaches this threshold value.
ENSO: EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON ASIAN DELTAS

ABSTRACT: Proxy climate data for the last 500 years collected from the archives of counties in the Yangtze River Delta, China, were analyzed to identify the occurrence of extreme climate events, the pattern of such occurrences and their relationships to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study identified the cycle periods of 3.5, 5.5 and 8.6 years for floods and 18.5 years for droughts in the Yangtze River Delta during the last 500 year period and noted 16 regional (delta wide) extreme events during this period. All regional (delta wide) extreme climate events during the last 500 years (since 1500 A.D.) occurred either during or immediately after ENSO (5–6 year) activities. Hydrological impacts of extreme climate events, such as major floods and droughts, on human systems have long been among the foremost concerns of the Pacific Rim countries. Management of systems increasingly dominated by humans, such as Asian delta regions, should, therefore, include consideration of major climate variability, ENSO events and the extent of climate changes, as well as consideration of the trends associated with human growth and institutional changes.
Inhibition by metals of a canine renal calcium, magnesium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase.

A number of metals were examined for inhibition of a canine renal calcium, magnesium‐activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca2+, Mg2+‐ATPose). Of the 27 metals investigated, only compounds of mercury, silver, gold, and uranium demonstrated 50% inhibition of the enzyme at concentrations lower than 10−4 M. The order of inhibitory potency was Hg > Ag > U > Au. Organic mercury (chlormerodrin, mersalyl, p‐chloromercuribenzoate) was less potent than inorganic mercuric chloride, but organic gold sodium thiomalate was equipotent with inorganic gold chloride. The inhibition produced by each metal decreased parallel to the decrease in enzyme activity, seen as the source of enzyme moved from the outer cortex inward to the papilla of the kidney. The regions of highest activity showed the greatest inhibition by each metal, and inhibition decreased as the control activity of the tissue decreased. This variability of inhibition was not related to the protein content of the enzyme preparation. As the ATP concentration incre...
Homoserine dehydrogenase in Pisum sativum and Ricinus communis

Abstract Homoserine dehydrogenase was extracted from Ricinus communis and Pisum sativum . The kinetic parameters of the forward and reverse reactions were determined. In the forward reaction only the enzyme from Ricinus is inhibited by threonine. The response to K + is different for the enzyme from the two sources.
Public sector technology transfer through patents and licensing: the case of US agriculture

In the USA, the public sector historically was the primary supplier of new agricultural technologies. But over the past 20-30 years, public agricultural research funding has been relatively stagnant while private sector research spending has surpassed it. At the same time, as the US policy environment has changed, patenting and licensing have become increasingly important mechanisms for technology transfer from the public sector. We review these policy changes and provide an empirical example of public sector patenting in agricultural biotechnology. Patenting by the US federal government has been relatively limited and concentrated in a few areas of technology. On the other hand, agricultural biotechnology patenting by US universities has expanded rapidly and has covered a broader spectrum of technologies.
Scattering of microwaves by figures of revolution

This paper describes the experimental instrumentation and techniques for measuring the scattered fields from figures of revolution. The scattered fields evaluated by using geometrical-optic and physical-optic approximations are compared with experimental data to determine the applicability of these high-frequency approximations. Measurements of the back-scattered signals from finite cones and a prolate spheroid mounted on a large image-plane were made by comparing these signals with that of a calibration sphere. The near-zone scattered fields from a sphere and a prolate spheroid were determined by measuring the magnitudes and phases of the total fields at all azimuth angles with and without the scatterers in place. Experimental data for spheres are given to illustrate the accuracy of the experimental techniques.
Bacterial Pathogens in Ambulances: Results of Unannounced Sample Collection

The concern that the health care environment may harbor a substantial reservoir of infectious agents has been vigorously examined by microbiology andinfectious disease experts. Although universal precautions anddisposable equipment reduces risks to patients andproviders, the ambulance remains vulnerable to bacterial contamination from biological secretions. Additionally, the nature of emergency medical services creates pressures on prehospital care providers. Objective. We hypothesized that a discrepancy exists between the expectation of disinfection of reusable equipment in emergency medical services (EMS) andthe cleaning that actually occurs. Methods. We chose five areas within the ambulance for specimen collection for their reasoned propensity to yield a large spectrum of bacteria. Four first-due ambulances were selected for culturing. The crews did not have advance knowledge of the study or sample collection. Specific identifications with antibiotic susceptibility were completed, identifying three mul...
Exact Delay Fault Coverage in Sequential Logic Under Any Delay Fault Model

A novel function-based method for error propagation is proposed for exact delay fault coverage, using a single rated clock for fault activation under any delay fault model. Sequential circuits without full scan are considered. A latched error at a flip-flop represents one or more delay faults and is allowed to propagate to an observable point with or without the support of other latched errors. Existing methods allow only one flip-flop to have an error during the propagation phase to simplify the process of error propagation at the expense of decreased fault coverage. The advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated experimentally using the path-delay-fault model with more than 20% improvement in fault coverage
Infrared-based eye-tracker system for saccades

An infrared-based eye tracker system was designed and implemented for recording saccades from both eyes simultaneously, and stored on a computer's hard disk. The system uses infrared emitters to generate a narrow band infrared signal. An array of ten photo-detectors record the reflectance patterns from each eye. Data acquisition is made using LabView and a multiple linear regression algorithm is used to calibrate the system.
North American Burkitt-type ALL with a variant translocation t(8;22)

A variant translocation, t(8;22) (q24;q12), was found in bone marrow (BM) and long-term cultured peripheral blood (PB) cells obtained from an American boy with Burkitt-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-L3, French-American-British classification). Surface marker studies revealed a monoclonal immunoglobulin A (sIgA) with a lambda chain (74%) on the PB cells in a sample containing 74% blast cells. A table summarizing the cases with variant translocations in Burkitt diseases [Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and ALL-L3] is presented, and review of the published data indicates that, generally, the survival of patients with t(8;22)-type BL and ALL-L3 is short and comparable to that of patients with the more common translocation, t(8;14). There appears to be no relationship between t(2;8) or t(8;22) and a specific heavy-chain sIg. The karyotypes of the BM cells and those of the long-term cultured PB cells, though retaining t(8;22), differed from each other. Chromosomal analyses using cells from long-term culture may reveal karyotypic changes in addition to those seen on direct analysis. The key karyotypic anomaly in Burkitt-type diseases appears to be the breakage of chromosome #8 at band q24.
Sleep difficulties are associated with increased symptoms of psychopathology

Sleep problems often co-occur with psychopathological conditions and affective dysregulation. Individuals with mood disorders have significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than healthy individuals, and among those with mood disorders, sleep problems are associated with lower rates of remission and response to treatment. Sleep disruption may itself be a risk factor for various forms of psychopathology, as experimental sleep deprivation has been found to lead to increased affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms within healthy volunteers. However, little is known about the relationship between recurring sleep complaints in a naturalistic environment and symptoms of psychopathology among healthy individuals. In the present study, 49 healthy adults (21 males and 28 females) reported sleep quality and completed the Personality Assessment Inventory, a standardized self-report assessment of symptoms of psychopathology. Consistent with prior published findings during total sleep deprivation, individuals endorsing self-reported naturally occurring sleep problems showed higher scores on scales measuring somatic complaints, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, the reported frequency of sleep disturbance was closely linked with the severity of self-reported symptoms. While causal directionality cannot be inferred, these findings support the notion that sleep and emotional functioning are closely linked.
Nitric Oxide Synthase is Necessary for Normal Urogenital Development

Introduction: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) is significantly decreased with Cavernous Nerve (CN) injury in Erectile Dysfunction (ED) models. Increased apoptosis and collagen deposition accompany decreased NOS/CN injury, however these changes are typically attributed to the altered signaling of other factors, and a contribution of NOS in maintenance of urogenital structures has not previously been examined. Morphological changes in the corpora cavernosa occur at the same time as decreased NOS, suggesting a potential connection between decreased/inhibited NOS and morphological changes associated with ED. In this study we propose that NOS impacts urogenital morphology during development and will examine this hypothesis by NOS inhibition with L-NAME. Methods: Primary outcomes were H&E, western and TUNEL to determine if penis, prostate and bladder morphology were altered with L-NAME treatment of Postnatal day 4 (P4) Sprague Dawley rats for 8 days. Tissue weight and immunohistochemical analysis for NOS were performed. Secondary evaluation of NOS-I regulation by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) was examined by SHH inhibition in the Pelvic Ganglia (PG) and NOS-I protein was quantified by western in the PG/CN and penis. Nos abundance was quantified by RT-PCR during urogenital development and after CN injury. Results: Apoptosis increased and penis, prostate and bladder morphology were altered with L-NAME. NOS inhibition decreased bladder weight 25%. SHH inhibition decreased NOS-I 35% in the PG/CN and 47% in the penis. Nos-III expression spiked within the first two weeks after birth in the penis but remained abundant in the adult. In the prostate, Nos-III was abundant immediately after birth and declined steadily with age. Nos-I expression in the PG/ CN decreased sharply with CN injury and returned to baseline by 7 days. Conclusions: NOS is required for normal urogenital development. Since NOS is decreased with ED, it may contribute to the abnormal morphology observed in ED patients and animal models.
Earnings Adjustment Frictions: Evidence from the Social Security Earnings Test

The AET is an appealing context for studying earnings adjustment for at least three reasons. First, bunching at the AET kink is easily visible on a graph, allowing credible documentation of behavioral responses. Second, the AET represents one of the few known kinks at which bunching occurs in the U.S.; indeed, our paper represents the first study to find robust evidence of bunching among the nonself-employed at any kink in the U.S. Third, the AET is important to policy-makers in its own right, as it is a significant factor that affects the earnings of the elderly in the U.S. The study is based on a panel of Social Security Administration microdata on 1 percent of the U.S. population from 1961 to 2006. We make three main contributions to understanding adjustment frictions. First, we document that earnings adjustment frictions exist in the U.S., by showing that in some contexts individuals do not adjust immediately to changes in AET. We focus particularly on cases in which a kink in the effective tax schedule disappears, either because individuals reach an age at which they are no longer subject to the ET, or because legislative changes remove the AET for some groups. We focus on the disappearance of kinks because in the absence of adjustment frictions, removal of a convex kink in the effective tax schedule should immediately lead to no bunching at the earnings level associated with the former kink; thus, any observed delay in reaching zero bunching should reflect adjustment frictions. We observe clear evidence of delays in some contexts, consistent with adjustment frictions. Nonetheless, across several contexts – including both anticipated and unanticipated changes in policy – the vast majority of individuals’ adjustment occurs within at most three years. Adjustment appears even faster in certain contexts. Second, we assess the mechanisms that underlie the patterns of adjustment we observe, in order to build a model consistent with these descriptive patterns. We assess the extent to which employers play a role in coordinating individual responses to the AET by offering jobs with earnings at the AET exempt amount. In our main period of study, we find little evidence that individuals not subject to the AET – those too young to claim benefits – bunch at the kink, suggesting that the primary responses to the AET are mediated by employees’ choices. We also find evidence that the individuals who respond to the
Magnetron Sputtering of Thin Films of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O

Superconducting thin films of the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system have been prepared by magnetron sputtering from a single compound target and post deposition annealing in an overpressure of Tl. The films are deposited on MgO and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). The anneals were done at atmospheric pressure and the anneal protocols used result in both the 2122 and 2223 phases. The best films are grown on the YSZ substrates and have zero resistance at 107°K. RF surface resistance was measured as a function of the oxygen partial pressure during the post deposition anneals. The lowest surface resistance measurements were obtained for the 100% oxygen partial pressure anneals.
Nonparametric Markov priors for tissue segmentation

This paper presents a novel method to construct a probabilistic tissue prior, for Bayesian tissue segmentation, which is based on nonparametric Markov statistics of tissue intensities learned from training data. The proposed nonparametric Markov (NPM) prior is in contrast to the conventional tissue- probability-map (TPM) prior that is based on the voxel location in a common anatomical template space. Given a set of manually labeled voxels as the training set, the NPM prior is constructed by learning a fuzzy classification function that distinguishes the Markov statistics of tissue intensities in a statistical supervised-learning framework. The validation experiments in this paper compare the efficacy of the NPM prior to that of the TPM prior in producing tissue segmentations, and demonstrate the advantages of the NPM prior, qualitatively and quantitatively, over the TPM prior, especially in cortical regions.
Probing the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals

In recent years, experimental and theoretical methods have provided new insights into the size, shape, reactivity, and stability of clay minerals. Although diverse and complex, the surface chemistry of all clay minerals is defined spatially on a common scale of nanometres. This review is organized around the nanoscale architecture of clay minerals examined at several different length scales. The first, and perhaps most important, is the length scale associated with H bonding in clay minerals. H bonding interactions define the size and shape of 1:1 phyllosilicates and dominate the surface chemistry of many clay minerals. Structural and surface OH groups contained within and on the surface of clay minerals provide a type of `molecular reporter group' and are sensitive to subtle changes in their local environment. Examples of OH-reporter group studies in clay minerals, and the spatial scales at which they provide diagnostic information, are examined. The second length scale considered here is that associated with clay–water and clay–organic interactions. Inorganic and organic solutes can be used to explore the surface chemistry of clay minerals. Similar to the use of reporter groups, molecular probes have diagnostic properties that are sensitive to changes in their molecular environment. Clay–water interactions occur at a length scale that extends from the size of the H2O molecule (∼0.3 nm) to the larger scales associated with clay-swelling (>10 nm). Similarly, clay–organic interactions are also defined, in part, on the basis of their molecular size, in addition to the type of chemical bonding interactions that take place between the organic solute and the clay surface. Examples illustrating the use of clay–water and clay–organic solute interactions as molecular probes are presented. The largest scale to be considered is that of the particles themselves, with scales that approach micrometres. Recent developments in the synthesis and characterization of ultrathin hybrid films of clay minerals provide complementary information about the nature and distribution of active sites on clay minerals, as well as providing new opportunities to exploit the surface chemistry of clay minerals in the design of functional materials.
Write off-loading: Practical power management for enterprise storage

In enterprise data centers power usage is a problem impacting server density and the total cost of ownership. Storage uses a significant fraction of the power budget and there are no widely deployed power-saving solutions for enterprise storage systems. The traditional view is that enterprise workloads make spinning disks down ineffective because idle periods are too short. We analyzed block-level traces from 36 volumes in an enterprise data center for one week and concluded that significant idle periods exist, and that they can be further increased by modifying the read/write patterns using write off-loading. Write off-loading allows write requests on spun-down disks to be temporarily redirected to persistent storage elsewhere in the data center.The key challenge is doing this transparently and efficiently at the block level, without sacrificing consistency or failure resilience. We describe our write off-loading design and implementation that achieves these goals. We evaluate it by replaying portions of our traces on a rack-based testbed. Results show that just spinning disks down when idle saves 28--36p of energy, and write off-loading further increases the savings to 45--60p.
Does “Violent” Mean “Bad”? Individual Definitions of Violence

ABSTRACTPeople use the word “violent” to describe a wide range of behaviors. When referring to acts of force, however, past research indicates that people often reserve the word “violent” to refer to acts of force that they define as “bad.” In the current study we use vignettes to explore variation in people’s definitions of a particular instance of the use of force. The findings indicate support for the idea that people reserve the word “violent” to refer to acts of force they view as “bad.” Findings indicate there is variation in perceptions of the level of violence, and whether the incident was even violent. Characteristics of the incident as well as the gender of those involved account for the majority of the variance explained.
Development of A Silane Rich CVD Tungsten Process

The economics of manufacturing is driving the use of larger wafer sizes. At the same time smaller device geometries place more stringent requirements on film properties. Maintaining tight control of metal film properties in larger reactors presents unique challenges in the development of manufacturing worthy processes. This paper presents the development of a CVD tungsten process that was necessitated by the requirement for stable deposition uniformity with the conversion of wafer sizes from 6“ to 8”. The scaled up version of the 6“ process was rendered obsolete in the 8” tool due to unacceptable drifts in deposition uniformity. Fluorine build up in the reaction chamber from the silane (SiH4) and hydrogen (H2) reduction of tungsten hexafloride (WF6) was identified to be the main cause for the process instability. We discuss how the problem was identified and how the new process was developed. Data on the uniformity of deposited films, collected over several hundred wafers with the old process and the new process show the new process to be superior. Device yield and electrical parameter data show the new process to be at least as good as the previous process.
Effect of Diflubenzuron on Nontarget Canopy Arthropods in Closed, Deciduous Watersheds in a Central Appalachian Forest

In a 6-yr study (1989-1994), we evaluated the impact of diflubenzuron on the diversity and abundance of arthropods in the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. Diflubenzuron is commonly used in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), suppression programs in eastern forests. For the evaluation, foliage samples were taken with pole pruners from the forest canopy on 4 small deciduous watersheds; burlap bands were used on tree trunks on all watersheds. Pretreatment sampling was conducted mid-May through mid-August 1989 through 1991. Diflubenzuron was applied by helicopter to 2 watersheds; the 2 remaining watersheds served as control plots. Analysis of variance was used to compare treatment means. Gypsy moth larvae were reduced on the treated watersheds, particularly during the treatment and posttreatment year. Possible nontarget arthropod effects were researched for 27 mo after treatment. A significant reduction in the diversity of arthropod families was observed beneath burlap bands in treated plots. However, no reduction was observed for arthropod abundance. The diversity and abundance of macrolepidoptera larvae also were reduced by diflubenzuron during the treatment year. On foliage, overall arthropod family diversity and abundance, and numbers of macrolepidoptera and beetles were reduced significantly in treated watersheds. No significant reduction was seen for macrolepidoptera larval diversity on foliage. At 27 mo after treatment, total arthropod abundance and macrolepidoptera abundance on foliage remained significantly reduced. Declines were seen on treated watersheds for Carabidae, Gryllacrididae, Psocoptera, Phlaeothripidae, and some sapfeeders but were nonsignificant.
Soil Oribatei. III. Studies on the Development, Biology, and Ecology of Metabelba montana (Kulcz.) (Acarina: Belbidae) and Eremobelba nervosa n. sp. (Acarina: Eremaeidae)

The microhabitats of these mites are in the litter layer of soils, where they feed vigorously on certain fungi. In the laboratory, at 20° C. and approximately 90% r.h., both species required slightly more than 2 months for their complete development. M. montana used the fungi Trichoderma koningi, Cladasporium cladosporioides , and Stemphylium sp. as food, while E. nervosa developed from egg to adult using T. koningi only. During the winter, when ground water was frozen, both species could be found in the upper 3 inches of soil, E. nervosa as adults and M. montana as tritonymphs and adults. E. nervosa produces one or two eggs, M. montana up to four eggs at a single time, and both species oviposit from mid-spring to late fall; each probably has one generation a year in the field. E. nervosa is most easily recognized when captured alive by its behavioral pattern of shaking leg I three or four times at each step in walking.
Efficient and flexible attribute policy based key management

Attribute based systems enable fine-grained access control among a group of users each identified by a set of attributes. Broadcast services and secure collaborative applications, such as location based services, cloud storage services, multimedia streaming services and document dissemination, need such flexible attribute based systems for managing and distributing group keys. However, current group key management schemes are not well designed to manage group keys based on the attributes of the group members. Attribute based group membership policies allow to select any sub-group of users from a large group of users. In this poster, we propose novel key management schemes that allow users whose attributes satisfy a certain group membership policy to derive the group key. Our schemes efficiently support rekeying operations when the group changes due to joins or leaves of group members. During a rekey operation, the private information issued to existing members remains unaffected and only the public information is updated to change the group key. Our schemes are expressive and flexible; specifically they are able to support any monotonic group membership policy over a set of attributes. Further, our schemes are resistant to collusion attacks; group members are unable to pool their attributes in a meaningful way and derive the group key which they cannot derive individually.
A Comparative Analysis of Consensus Decoding Methods for Statistical Machine Translation

This paper presents a comparative analysis of various consensus decoding methods appeared in recent years for statistical machine translation(SMT).Based on different ways of using translation hypotheses generated by single or multiple SMT systems,we classify current consensus decoding methods into two categories: hypothesis reranking-based consensus decoding and hypothesis reconstruction-based consensus decoding.After reviewing the most representative work for each category,we perform Chinese-to-English machine translation experiments on large scale data sets to compare different methods listed in this paper.The future development prospects of consensus decoding is discussed as well.
How Valid Is the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder When a Child Has Apraxia of Speech

Objective Our objective was to determine if the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder (CASD) was inadvertently overemphasizing autism symptoms in a population of children without autism. Methods Children noted with communication delays were referred to both a developmental pediatrician and a speech and language pathologist for an apraxia and autism evaluation. All children who underwent both autism and apraxia evaluations and met rule-in or rule-out criteria for both diagnoses were included in the study, resulting in a sample size of 30. Results Our results show that 63.6% of children initially diagnosed with autism also had apraxia, 36.8% of children initially diagnosed with apraxia also had autism, 23.3% had neither, and 23.3% had both. Overall diagnostic accuracy for the CASD was 96.7%. Overall accuracy for the CASD for children without apraxia was 100% and accuracy for children with apraxia was 94.7%. Specificity for the CASD was 100%, while sensitivity was 90.9%. The PPV was 100% and the NPV was 95.0%. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the CASD does not overemphasize autism symptoms in a population of children without autism. It also shows that autism and apraxia are highly comorbid. Thus, it is important to monitor all children diagnosed with apraxia for signs of autism and all children diagnosed with autism for signs of apraxia. This will help identify children as early as possible and allow them access to services appropriate to their needs.
Excessive daytime sleepiness

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which is mild drowsiness to falling asleep continually throughout the day. Many people confuse fatigue or tiredness with EDS, but EDS is characterized by the inability to stay awake, alert, and optimally functional throughout the day. EDS is a prevalent problem in modern society and is reflected in its growing predominance in patients seen in clinical practice. The costs to society and individual can be great, and reflected in lost productivity, memory and concentration, and growing evidence of health effects, both accidents related as well as an increased risk for chronic, life-threatening illnesses. Several syndromes of EDS have been identified, and the diagnosis of these syndromes may sometimes be difficult without evaluation by a sleep specialist. Treatment options are available for the majority of patients. The causes of EDS are numerous and a thorough evaluation is necessary to determine the etiology in an individual case. The recent phenomenal progress in the pathophysiology of narcolepsy is promising, but provides just a glimpse into the work that needs to be done to understand the other primary causes of EDS.
Comparison of Spring-Calving Cows Grazing Either Endophyte-Infected Fescue or Annual Ryegrass11Article published with the approval of Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as Journal Article No. 02-62-0591.

Abstract In Trial 1, the effects of grazing pastures containing endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) managed in combination with bermudagrass/ bahiagrass were compared with the effects caused by grazing similar bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)/ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures that were sod-seeded with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Springcalving cows grazed two replicates of each treatment. Trial 1 was conducted over 2 yr. There was no difference in cow BW prior to calving (P=0.25) or at the start of the breeding season (P=0.29), but cows that grazed pastures over-seeded with ryegrass were heavier at the end of the breeding season (P=0.05) compared with cows that grazed pastures that contained tall fescue. The BW differences between the two groups disappeared (P=0.31) by weaning. Fall conception rates of cows that grazed pastures planted in tall fescue were lower (P=0.01) than those of cows that grazed pastures over-seeded with ryegrass (64.2% vs 87.4%). Calves from cows grazing pastures over-seeded with ryegrass were heavier (P=0.07) by the end of the breeding season, and this BW advantage was maintained (P=0.05) through weaning. In the second trial, both the pastures planted with fescue and pastures over-seeded with annual ryegrass were over-seeded with white and crimson clovers. All other procedures remained the same as in Trial 1. Cows grazing pastures over-seeded with ryegrass and clover were heavier at the end of the breeding season (P=0.05) compared with cows that grazed pastures planted with fescue and over-seeded with clover. This difference in BW was maintained through weaning (P=0.05). Cows grazing pastures planted with fescue and clover had lower (P=0.03) reproduction rates than cows grazing pastures over-seeded with ryegrass/clover (70.4% vs 91.6%). Calves from cows that grazed pastures containing fescue and clover were lighter (P=0.01) at weaning. Results from this study demonstrate the negative effect that endophyte-infected fescue grown on the Southern Coastal Plains has on reproduction of spring-calving cows and on BW gain of their calves.
Practical Improvements in Thyroid Imaging

Requests for scanning of thyroid glands and nodules have increased to 8–10 per week. These scans are used to differentiate between cyst and tumor and to characterize enlarged thyroid glands. Current equipment has limitations for thyroid scanning because of the large diameter of the beam and the strong echo at the transducer surface. To overcome these limitations, several transducers have been used, including a 6 mm diameter, 5 MHz transducer, a 13 mm diameter, 2.2 5 MHz transducer, and 19 mm diameter transducers of 2.2 5 and 5 MHz, both weakly focused at the end of a 7.5 cm water column. The water column is contained by an acrylic tube lined with acoustic baffling and with the transducer and a rubber membrane on opposite ends. The 5 MHz transducer employed with the water column provides the most effective thyroid images. The same water column has proved ideal for postmastectomy chest wall scanning and for characterization of subcutaneous nodules.
Effect of optical pumping on multipulse Raman heterodyne spectroscopy

Raman heterodyne spectroscopy1 is a three-wave mixing scheme used to detect optically magnetic dipole transitions in ionic solids. When used in time domain experiments,2 it is important to know the influence of the optical field on the measured coherence lifetimes to determine resolution limits.
淡水性水生菌 Xylomyces chlamydosporusから分離されたradicinol 類縁体

Chemical investigations of the freshwater aquatic fungus Xylomyces chlamydosporus H58-1 have afforded a new radicinol derivative (1) and (2S, 3S)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-chroman- 4-one (2), along with the known radicinol derivatives 3-6, and radicinin derivatives 7 and 8. The structures of these metabolites were assigned by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data.
De-mock-racy: Comic Framing as Political Wrecking Ball

This chapter shows how humor, more specifically ridicule, is used to damage national idealism and destroy individuals. Political advocates of the twenty-first-century America square off against a public sphere equipped for instantaneous and voluminous attacks of ridicule organized and orchestrated from the internet via Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and an array of social media-driven communication platforms. The case study of Governor Sarah Palin is instructive as to how the process works presently. The problems of comedic annihilation remain with us during the 2016 presidential campaign. The decline of civility is observable everywhere, and most Americans would like to see our political sphere move away from its cynical assumptions and toward civility. Public mockery does not contribute to public debate, deliberations, or knowledge.
WATCHFUL WAITING ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY USING THE SEER-MEDICARE LINKED DATABASE.

By TZUYUNG DOUG KOU, M.P.H., M.A. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis and the second most common cancer-related death among men living in the United States. The increase in incident prostate cancer diagnosis was attributed partially to the widespread use of prostate cancer screening. African American men have higher risk of prostate cancer and cancer related mortality. In patients diagnosed with early and localized tumors, the risk of cancer specific mortality is low. Elderly men with early and localized tumors are less likely to die from prostate cancer. Various treatment options are available, but each has its own set of complications. Therefore, the dissertation study examined whether a less aggressive treatment strategy, watchful waiting active surveillance (WWAS), had any survival benefits in elderly patients. The dissertation study had three main goals. The first goal addressed two methodological issues on how treatment modalities should be captured and how WWAS should be defined. The second goal examined the effect of WWAS on survival outcomes in elderly patients over the age of 75 years. The third goal explored whether survival disparities between African American and Caucasian could be explained. The dissertation study was a population-based study using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. The study recommends that treatment modalities can be defined at 2 years following diagnosis. The
Cultural competency training for health care providers in an urban cancer institute and impact on breast care.

6561 Background: The purpose was to improve the cultural competence of healthcare providers at an urban cancer institute and to assess its impact on breast screening and diagnostic benchmarks. Meth...
Do computer skills affect worker employment? An empirical study from CPS surveys

Abstract With the penetration of information technology into every walk of business, computer skills become increasingly valued in today's workplaces. While studies have revealed that computer skills can improve productivity, solve complex problems, create new businesses, and earn wage premium, few studies have investigated the role computer skills can potentially play for worker employment. Based on theories of human capital and social capital, this study develops hypotheses about how computer skills affect worker employment, and further test them using matched US Current Population Surveys (CPS). It finds that computer skills not only mitigate worker displacement but also facilitate reemployment for displaced workers, particularly for reemployment at distant locations. In addition, computer skills are more conducive to managerial and professional jobs in comparison to other types of jobs. This study bears both theoretical and practical implications.
Coastal Exploitation Throughout Marismas Nacionales Wetlands in Northwest Mexico

The consequences of human exploitation on wetlands remain unresolved for many regions. Marismas Nacionales wetland in Northwest Mexico is a Ramsar site and a Biosphere Reserve at Mexico. By integra...
Contrasting Instructional Strategies Suited to a Detection Task: Examining Differences in Subjective Workload

Soldiers benefit from the ability to detect threats conveyed via human kinesic cues, or non-verbal body movements. Simulation-Based Training (SBT) supplies an avenue to improve kinesic cue detection performance. Instructional strategies in SBT are designed to enhance performance outcomes, and are tied to workload in terms of training effectiveness. Three instructional strategies were analyzed in a between-subjects design for their degree of perceived workload: Highlighting, Massed Exposure, and Kim’s game. Workload included subjective mental and global demand subscales from the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). A multivariate analysis of variance showed that Kim’s game contained the highest mental and global demands; Highlighting produced the lowest mental and global demands. The differences in demands suggest rationales for strategy placement, in terms of combinations (e.g., layers or progressions) and other applications (e.g., air traffic control, medical diagnosis, and After-Action Reviews). The strategies’ workload differences are also traced to differences in attention and working memory.
Relating form to function in the hummingbird feeding apparatus

A complete understanding of the feeding structures is fundamental in order to study how animals survive. Some birds use long and protrusible tongues as the main tool to collect their central caloric source (e.g., woodpeckers and nectarivores). Hummingbirds are the oldest and most diverse clade of nectarivorous vertebrates, being a perfect subject to study tongue specializations. Their tongue functions to intraorally transport arthropods through their long bills and enables them to exploit the nectarivorous niche by collecting small amounts of liquid, therefore it is of vital importance to study its anatomy and structure at various scales. I focused on the portions of the hummingbird tongue that have been shown to be key for understanding their feeding mechanisms. I used histology, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microCT, and ex-vivo experiments in order to advance the comprehension of the morphology and functioning of the hummingbird feeding apparatus. I found that hummingbird tongues are composed mainly of thin cornified epithelium, lack papillae, and completely fill the internal cast of the rostral oropharyngeal cavity. Understanding this puzzle-piece match between bill and tongue will be essential for the study of intraoral transport of nectar. Likewise, I found that the structural composition and tissue architecture of the tongue groove walls provide the rostral portion of the tongue with elastic properties that are central to the study of tongue-nectar interactions during the feeding process. Detailed studies on hummingbirds set the basis for comparisons with other nectar-feeding birds and contribute to comprehend the natural solutions to collecting liquids in the most efficient way possible.
Case 21-2017. A 28-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Endocervical Carcinoma.

A 28-year-old pregnant woman with Rh isoimmunization and endocervical carcinoma was seen in the maternal–fetal outpatient clinic at 34.1 weeks of gestation. Management decisions were made.
Accelerate Lateral Equilibration in Mixed Lipid Bilayers using Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering

The lateral heterogeneity of cellular membranes plays an important role in many biological functions such as signaling and regulating membrane proteins. This heterogeneity can result from preferent...