cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blatant benevolence and conspicuous consumption: When romantic motives elicit strategic costly signals.

Conspicuous displays of consumption and benevolence might serve as “costly signals” of desirable mate qualities. If so, they should vary strategically with manipulations of mating-related motives. The authors examined this possibility in 4 experiments. Inducing mating goals in men increased their willingness to spend on conspicuous luxuries but not on basic necessities. In women, mating goals boosted public—but not private—helping. Although mating motivation did not generally inspire helping in men, it did induce more helpfulness in contexts in which they could display heroism or dominance. Conversely, although mating motivation did not lead women to conspicuously consume, it did lead women to spend more publicly on helpful causes. Overall, romantic motives seem to produce highly strategic and sex-specific self-presentations best understood within a costly signaling framework.
Volume Assessment and Management: Medical and Device Therapies

Heart failure patients retain sodium and fluid and may develop congestive symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, and peripheral edema. Congestion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients. Thus, the clinician should routinely assess for evidence of clinical congestion based on history and physical examination. In addition, laboratory and imaging modalities as well as more recently developed implantable device technologies may assist with the diagnostic evaluation of congestion. The management of congestion has historically been based on loop diuretics, however, additional pharmacologic therapies such as thiazide diuretics, vasodilators, vasopressin antagonists, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may provide additional decongestion benefits. If diuretic-based therapies are unsuccessful, ultrafiltration may be considered but should be used with caution in the setting of cardiorenal syndrome. In this chapter, we review the assessment of clinical congestion and highlight recent device-based diagnostic technologies. The approach to volume management is outlined including both pharmacologic and mechanical fluid removal.
Precision Parameters for the FDA Shellfish Laboratory Quality Assurance Program for 1973-1989.

Precision parameters from four microbiological analytical methods (coliform most probable number [MPN], fecal coliform MPN, Staphylococcus aureus plate count and standard plate count) were computed for the Shellfish Quality Assurance Program of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The pooled reproducibility variance (SR2) for the four methods from 1973 to 1989 were 0.0778, 0.1181, 0.0137, and 0.0087, respectively.
Revisiting the Canterbury earthquake sequence after the 14 February 2016 Mw 5.7 event

On 14 February 2016, an Mw 5.7 (GNS Science moment magnitude) earthquake ruptured offshore east of Christchurch, New Zealand. This earthquake occurred in an area that had previously experienced significant seismicity from 2010 to 2012 during the Canterbury earthquake sequence, starting with the 2010 Mw 7.0 Darfield earthquake and including four Mw ~6.0 earthquakes near Christchurch. We determine source parameters for the February 2016 event and its aftershocks, relocate the recent events along with the Canterbury earthquakes, and compute Coulomb stress changes resolved onto the recent events and throughout the greater Christchurch region. Because the February 2016 earthquake occurred close to previous seismicity, the Coulomb stress changes resolved onto its nodal planes are uncertain. However, in the greater Christchurch region, there are areas that remain positively loaded, including beneath the city of Christchurch. The recent earthquake and regional stress changes suggest that faults in these regions may pose a continuing seismic hazard.
Robust simulation of buckled structures using reduced order modeling

Lightweight metallic structures are a mainstay in aerospace engineering. For these structures, stability, rather than strength, is often the critical limit state in design. For example, buckling of panels and stiffeners may occur during emergency high-g maneuvers, while in supersonic and hypersonic aircraft, it may be induced by thermal stresses. The longstanding solution to such challenges was to increase the sizing of the structural members, which is counter to the ever present need to minimize weight for reasons of efficiency and performance. In this work we present some recent results in the area of reduced order modeling of post- buckled thin beams. A thorough parametric study of the response of a beam to changing harmonic loading parameters, which is useful in exposing complex phenomena and exercising numerical models, is presented. Two error metrics that use but require no time stepping of a (computationally expensive) truth model are also introduced. The error metrics are applied to several interesting forcing parameter cases identified from the parametric study and are shown to yield useful information about the quality of a candidate reduced order model. Parametric studies, especially when considering forcing and structural geometry parameters, coupled environments, and uncertainties would be computationally intractable with finite element models. The goal is to make rapid simulation of complex nonlinear dynamic behavior possible for distributed systems via fast and accurate reduced order models. This ability is crucial in allowing designers to rigorously probe the robustness of their designs to account for variations in loading, structural imperfections, and other uncertainties.
Investigation of image resolution effects in maximum-likelihood TOF PET reconstruction

The resolution properties of images created via maximum-likelihood reconstruction are affected by the reconstruction parameters, and data and object characteristics as well, due to the non-linear nature of the maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithm. In most cases, the influence of these factors cannot be estimated analytically. We have studied these effects in the 3D TOF PET (three-dimensional time-of-flight positron emission tomography) statistical reconstructions by evaluating point spread functions (PSF) in the reconstructed images for simulated point sources positioned within uniform backgrounds of various properties (size, activity, attenuation) and employing various parameters and detector's line-of-response (LOR) resolution models within maximum-likelihood reconstructions. We have evaluated the shape and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the reconstructed point source images, convergence speeds, and stability of the reconstructions. Among the most important influences affecting the resolution and convergence speed of the reconstruction have been found to be: the voxel size, the local contrast level near the point source and the width of the LOR resolution model used in the reconstruction. Furthermore, reconstructions of point sources in a non-zero background (that is, not in air) take a very long time to converge to their ultimate shape, and especially so if utilizing resolution modeling within the reconstruction. The main contribution of this work is a systematic study of various effects and influences on the properties (mainly convergence speed and FWHM) of the resolution functions obtained via ML reconstruction. Results of this study provide a better understanding of individual influences on the ML reconstruction resolution properties and provide guidance for development of image-based resolution modeling.
Bovine serum albumin coated nanoparticles for in vitro activated fluorescence

A fluorophore modified nanoparticle was developed that can only fluoresce when a specific environmental parameter interacts with the system. The model system consisted of an azide modified bovine serum albumin (azBSA) that had been covalently attached to an alkyne modified silicon phthalocyanine (alSiPc) derivative through a copper catalyzed azide/alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (click reaction). The azBSA/alSiPc assembly was then clicked to a ca. 67 nm poly(propargyl acrylate) (PA) nanoparticle (PA/azBSA/alSiPc). The resulting particles did not exhibit any florescence when the alSiPc was excited. Incubating the particles at 37 °C for 30 min with a proteolytic enzyme (trypsin) degraded the linking BSA and resulted in the appearance of florescence that was attributed to a "free" silicon phthalocyanine. The PA/azBSA/alSiPc particles were incubated with human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) and the florescence of the initially quenched particles was achieved with cellular uptake.
Considerations for the Propagation and Conservation of Endangered Lake Suckers of the Western United States

Abstract Decades of persistent natural and anthropogenic threats coupled with competing water needs have compromised numerous species of freshwater fishes, many of which are now artificially propagated in hatcheries. Low survival upon release is common, particularly in systems with substantial nonnative predator populations. Extensive sampling for Shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River Suckers (Deltistes luxatus) in the Klamath River Basin on the California–Oregon border have failed to detect any new adult recruitment for at least two decades, prompting an investigation into artificial propagation as an extinction prevention measure. A comprehensive assessment of strategies and successes associated with propagation for conservation restocking has not been performed for any Catostomid. Here, we review available literature for all western lake sucker species to inform propagation and recovery efforts for Klamath suckers and summarize the relevance of these considerations to other endangered fishes.
Overall survival result and outcomes by KRAS, BRAF, and DNA mismatch repair in relation to primary tumor site in colon cancers from a randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy: NCCTG (Alliance) N0147.

3525 Background: We report mature overall survival (OS) data in stage III colon cancers from a phase III trial of adjuvant mFOLFOX6 ± cetuximab. Biomarkers were analyzed in relation to primary tumo...
A great leap of faith: Limits to China’s university cities:

This paper examines the emergence of China’s ‘university cities’ (daxuecheng) as a governmental strategy to modernise higher education and to promote its socio-economic integration. To the disappoi...
Deontological evidentialism and ought implies can

Deontological evidentialism is the claim that S ought to form or maintain S’s beliefs in accordance with S’s evidence. A promising argument for this view turns on the premise that consideration c is a normative reason for S to form or maintain a belief that p only if c is evidence that p is true. In this paper, I discuss the surprising relation between a recently influential argument for this key premise and the principle that ought implies can. I argue that anyone who antecedently accepts or rejects this principle already has a reason to resist either this argument’s premises or its role in support of deontological evidentialism.
Japan 1945: A U.S. Marine's Photographs from Ground Zero by Joe O'Donnell Nashville: Vanderbilt University, 2005. 87 Pp.

(2005). Japan 1945: A U.S. Marine's Photographs from Ground Zero by Joe O'Donnell Nashville: Vanderbilt University, 2005. 87 Pp. American Journalism: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 121-122.
Real time genetic compensation operationally defines the dynamic demands of feedback control

Biological signaling networks use feedback control to dynamically adjust their operation in real time. Traditional static genetic methods such as gene knockouts or rescue experiments often can identify the existence of feedback interactions, yet are unable to determine what feedback dynamics are required. Here, we implement a new strategy, closed loop optogenetic compensation (CLOC), to address this problem. Using a custom-built hardware and software infrastructure, CLOC monitors in real time the output of a pathway deleted for a feedback regulator. A minimal model uses these measurements to calculate and deliver-on the fly-an optogenetically-enabled transcriptional input designed to compensate for the effects of the feedback deletion. Application of CLOC to the yeast pheromone response pathway revealed surprisingly distinct dynamic requirements for three well-studied feedback regulators. CLOC, a marriage of control theory and traditional genetics, presents a broadly applicable methodology for defining the dynamic function of biological feedback regulators.
NEW APPROACHES TO THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS

Abstract New concepts will be presented which employ intra-and intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions and electrocyclic rearrangements in the synthesis of several biologically active natural products of great structural diversity. Among the various target molecules are the steroids (cortisone and estrone), the anthracyclines and their analogues (aclacinomycin, collinemycin, etc.), and terpenes such as β-cuparenone and coronafacic acid. In particular, a new approach to estrone and cortisone via an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction is described.
Effect of Si micro-addition on creep resistance of a dilute Al-Sc-Zr-Er alloy

Abstract A dilute Al-0.06Sc-0.02Zr-0.005Er (at%) alloy, to which 0.09 at% Si was added, was peak-aged to create a high number density of (Al,Si)3(Sc,Er,Zr) precipitates, 3.6 nm in radius. The alloy shows a high resistance to dislocation creep, with a threshold stress of 18 MPa at 400 °C. After further aging under applied stress for ~ 1000 h at 400 °C, the threshold stress increases to 22 MPa, with the precipitates growing to a radius of 4–8 nm. This represents a very substantial improvement in creep resistance as compared to a similar alloy with one-third the Si content, 0.03 at%, whose threshold stress at 400 °C is 9–14 MPa. Atom probe tomography reveals that, for the new higher-Si alloy, the precipitates have an average Si concentration of 3.3 at% and show a broad core with uniform Sc-, Si- and Er concentrations and a thin Zr-enriched shell. By contrast, the low-Si alloy exhibits precipitates with half the average Si content, showing an Er-enriched core, a Sc-enriched inner-shell and a Zr-enriched outer-shell. A possible explanation for the higher creep resistance of the high-Si alloy is that the enhanced chemical homogeneity of Sc and Er in the core, as compared to the highly segregated core/shell/shell structure of the low-Si alloy, modifies the elastic strain field around precipitates so as to increase the repulsive force from the precipitate on the matrix dislocations climbing over them, thus enhancing the threshold creep stresses.
Comparison of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation outcomes between patients after transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement.

BackgroundReferral rates and outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation have not been evaluated in patients with transcatheter aortic valve replacement or compared with surgical aortic valve replacement.Me...
RainCheck: Overcoming Capacitive Interference Caused by Rainwater on Smartphones

Modern smartphones are built with capacitive-sensing touchscreens, which can detect anything that is conductive or has a dielectric differential with air. The human finger is an example of such a dielectric, and works wonderfully with such touchscreens. However, touch interactions are disrupted by raindrops, water smear, and wet fingers because capacitive touchscreens cannot distinguish finger touches from other conductive materials. When users' screens get wet, the screen's usability is significantly reduced. RainCheck addresses this hazard by filtering out potential touch points caused by water to differentiate fingertips from raindrops and water smear, adapting in real-time to restore successful interaction to the user. Specifically, RainCheck uses the low-level raw sensor data from touchscreen drivers and employs precise selection techniques to resolve water-fingertip ambiguity. Our study shows that RainCheck improves gesture accuracy by 75.7%, touch accuracy by 47.9%, and target selection time by 80.0%, making it a successful remedy to interference caused by rain and other water.
ReactionBot: Exploring the Effects of Expression-Triggered Emoji in Text Messages

In this paper we present ReactionBot, a system that attaches emoji based on users' facial expressions to text messages on Slack. Through a study of 16 dyads, we found that ReactionBot was able to help communicate participants' affect, reducing the need for participants to self-react with emoji during conversations. However, contrary to our hypothesis, ReactionBot reduced social presence (behavioral interdependence) between dyads. Post study interviews suggest that the emotion feedback through ReactionBot indeed provided valuable nonverbal cues: offered more genuine feedback, and participants were more aware of their own emotions. However, this can come at the cost of increasing anxiety from concerns about negative emotion leakage. Further, the more active role of the system in facilitating the conversation can also result in unwanted distractions and may have attributed to the reduced sense of behavioral interdependence. We discuss implications for utilizing this type of cues in text-based communication.
On Application of Learning to Rank for Assets Management: Warehouses Ranking.

The number of connected Internet of Things devices is forecast to grow to more than 31 billion globally in 2018. Many of these devices are/will be connecting to physical assets, and data collected from these devices can be used to model, manage, or describe these assets. We are motivated by utilizing these abundant data for assets’ resources requirements ranking. Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, MCDA, has often been utilized in finding ranking by computing on collected data and predefined criteria. However, changes in asset’s environment have a direct impact on its resource requirements ranking and decisions on ranking must be constantly revised. This is a repetitive process where managers require to repetitively adjusting the decisions on the ranking. With machine learning, such repetitiveness can be heavily minimized by teaching machines how to rank not by instruction but rather by examples of the task being done. In this paper, we present Learn to Rank, LTR, machine learning framework in conjunction with MCDA for warehouse resources requirements ranking application. A framework for smart contract renegotiate resources allocation ranking for each asset on the blockchains is also discussed.
Explanation as a Cognitive Process

Understanding how people explain is a core task for cognitive science. In this opinion article, we argue that research on explanation would benefit from more engagement with how the cognitive systems involved in generating explanations (e.g., attention, long-term memory) shape the outputs of this process. Although it is clear that these systems do shape explanation, surprisingly little research has investigated how they might do so. We outline the proposed mechanistic approach to explanation and illustrate it with an example: the recent research that suggests explanations exhibit a bias toward inherent information. Taking advantage of what we know about the operating parameters of the human mind is likely to yield new insights into how people come up with explanations.
Abstract B143: Lace molecular vaccine with adjuvant booster to enhance immunogenicity

Manipulation of vaccine adjuvants, including bioconjugation and particle formulation, is a prevailing approach to achieve efficient delivery and improve therapeutic efficacy. However, these approaches may compromise bioactivity or may not be desirable when these compounds are chemically or physically unmanipulable. Here, we report an “adjuvant booster” strategy to markedly promote immunogenicity by simply lacing molecular vaccines with an adjuvant booster. We created an adjuvant booster, lipid modified 20-mer thymidine oligodeoxynucleotide (lipo T20), which could significantly increase the potency of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) ligands in both murine and human TLR7 HEK 293 cells and substantially target draining lymph nodes where unmodified adjuvant rarely accumulated. Subcutaneous administration of “imiquimod/protein antigen” vaccine laced with lipo T20 in mice resulted in a five-fold increase in T-cell priming and enhanced antibody response in comparison to booster-free vaccine. “Adjuvant booster” strategy provides an alternative and simple methodology to further enhance immunogenicity of molecular vaccines. Citation Format: Chunson Yu, Haipeng Liu. Lace molecular vaccine with adjuvant booster to enhance immunogenicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B143.
Computer-Assisted Navigation Is Associated with Reductions in the Rates of Dislocation and Acetabular Component Revision Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background:Prior work suggests that computer-assisted navigation improves acetabular component position during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, it is not known whether this translates to improvements in clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test for associations between n
Medical Malpractice Litigation Following Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive, Nationwide Analysis of the Past Decade.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to (1) characterize the most common reasons of medical malpractice litigation against adult reconstruction surgeons and (2) report on the outcomes of these lawsuits. Methods The Westlaw legal research database was queried for cases between 2008 and 2018 related to total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) in the United States. Causes of the lawsuit, patient characteristics, demographics, state/outcome of verdict or settlement, and indemnity payments were noted. Results A total of 148 records (81 females [55%], 67 males [45%]; 83 TKAs [56%], 65 THAs [44%]) were included in the final analysis. For all patients, infection was the leading cause for malpractice litigation (22%) followed by nerve injury (20%). For TKA, infection was the most common cause of lawsuit (33%). In THA cases, nerve injury was the most common reason for lawsuit (38%), followed by leg-length discrepancy (26%). Procedural errors were alleged in 72% of cases, while diagnostic and post-surgical errors were cited in 55% and 32% of cases. A defense verdict occurred in 74% of cases, plaintiff verdict in 21%, and parties settled in 5%. Conclusion Infection and nerve injury were the most common reasons for litigation in TKA and THA, respectively. The most likely outcome of these lawsuits was a jury verdict in favor of the surgeon. Regardless, surgeons should be cognizant of the potential for lawsuit due to these complications and should ensure they inform patients of these potential complications of TJA preoperatively.
Computer vision and image recognition in archaeology

We apply existing image recognition services (Google Vision API and Clarifai Predict API) for an image repository of about 150,000 archaeological images from the Catalhoyuk Archaeological Project. We train a custom machine learning model from labeled images with Google AutoML. We report on our initial explorations and discuss their usefulness for extracting and enriching metadata for discovery and research in the archaeological domain.
Patterns of maternal nutritional status based on mid upper arm circumference

Objective: To determine the patterns of maternal nutrition status by using mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and to examine the association of maternal nutritional status with the nutritional status of malnourished children under two years of age. Methods: Descriptive study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine of the Children’s Hospital, Lahore from January 2017 to March 2018. A total of 227 mother accompanying their children admitted for nutritional rehabilitation were included. Demographics of participants along with MUAC of every mother was taken. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22. Results: Mean maternal age was 28.29±5.30 years and mean age of children was 9.22 ± 6.05 months. Mean maternal MUAC was 25.53±3.63 cm. Normal nutrition was present in only 70 (31%), 35 (15.4%) had moderate to severe under nutrition and 68 (30%) were overweight and 17 (7.5%) were obese. Maternal illiteracy was common 150 (66%) and 203 (89%) belong to poor social class. Majority 150 (75%) children had <-3SD WHZ score. Only 42 (18.5%) children were exclusively breast fed. Maternal malnutrition was significantly associated with severity of child’s undernutrition (p=0.045) and low rates of exclusive breast feeding practices (p=0.049). Conclusion: Malnutrition, in the form of both under nutrition and obesity is prevalent in mothers of malnourished children belonging to lower social class. Maternal illiteracy and low income are the major contributor in maternal malnutrition which in turn has an impact on child nutrition and breast feeding practices. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1331 How to cite this:Bari A, Sultana N, Mehreen S, Sadaqat N, Imran I, Javed R. Patterns of maternal nutritional status based on mid upper arm circumference. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):382-386. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1331 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ELEVATED MACROPHAGE EXPRESSED MARKER PROGNOSTICATE THE LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY IN SURVIVORS OF OUT OF HOSPITAL SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

Inflammation and its precursors have long been implicated to have effect on the neurological recovery of the patients after out of hospital cardiac arrest. We examined the role of macrophage expressed inflammatory marker involved in cell apoptosis on the long-term neurological recovery in patients
Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

This article reviews developments in the field of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSNs) which have been widely studied and have found niche uses over the past 20 years. The explosion of interest in PLSNs is due to the improvement in key material properties, such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, and gas barrier properties. There are several methods that can be used to make PLSNs, including in situ polymerization, solution intercalation/exfoliation, melt processing, and template synthesis. Each case may provide avenues to particular nanocomposite structures and hence properties, but most development has focused on melt processing (in particular) and in situ polymerization because of their industrial applicability. Even with the significant amount of work done in this area, there are still many factors that are not well understood in PLSN systems, primarily structure–processing–property relationships.
The development and evaluation of a brief intervention for male partners of women hospitalized for perinatal distress.

Abstract Background : Perinatal distress (PD) is a term used to describe mood and anxiety disorders experienced during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. In acute cases of PD, inpatient hospitalization may be indicated. Although hospitalization tends to result in improved immediate safety outcomes, many patients are discharged when they are still experiencing acute symptomology. Interpersonal and environmental factors, particularly those that exist within intimate relationships, can significantly help or hinder patient progress. Partners are also affected by the patient's symptoms and often lacks the skills or knowledge to offer support. Methods : The aim of the present investigation is to address PD through a dyadic lens by integrating partners into treatment. In this feasibility study, 20 partners of women hospitalized for PD were recruited to participate in an individually delivered, 90-minute intervention designed to improve partner understanding and support behaviors. Results : Qualitative feedback from partners suggests that the intervention was acceptable and the high recruitment rates demonstrate strong feasibility. Additionally, partners reported significant gains in the context of their support self-efficacy for assisting patients to cope with distress. Patients reported that they were significantly more satisfied with the support that their partners were providing. Limitations : This was a feasibility study and as such, there was no control group, thereby limiting causal inferences about the intervention. Conclusions : These findings suggest that this intervention may serve to enhance the recovery of women hospitalized for PD by empowering partners through offering psychoeducation and skills for offering support.
Audience 1 versus Audience 2: Adapting a project for multiple audiences using verbal and multimedia platforms

Students are challenged to write papers and give oral presentations across disciplines. Yet, the audience for students often remains the same: college personnel and classroom peers. Communication c...
YY1 is involved in the pathogenesis and malignant properties of human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classified by its lack of expression of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors. Although TNBC represents approximately 15% of breast cancer cases, this subtype is highly metastatic and, in turn, is the most aggressive and has the poorest prognosis compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) has been reported to be overexpressed in the majority of human cancers and regulates the aggressive phenotype and resistance to cytotoxic drugs. We have hypothesized that YY1 will also be involved in the pathogenesis of TNBC as well as its aggressive progression and underlying resistance to conventional therapeutics. In this review, we identify the various factors involved in the regulation of TNBC and the potential role of YY1 in mediating several of the regulatory factors responsible for the phenotypic and malignant properties of TNBC. Several underlying mechanisms have been identified in which YY1 pays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TNBC. These include (i) the regulation of various miRNAs, miR-25, miR-29, and miR-5590; (ii) the regulation of gene products in the dysregulated NF-κB/YY1/Snail/RKIP/PTEN loop in which the expressions of the metastasis suppressors RKIP and PTEN are downregulated via YY1 overexpression; (iii) the YY1/LINCOO152/PTEN axis in TNBC; (iv) the mtp53/PARP1/YY1 axis in TNBC; (v) YY1 regulation of Flap endonuclease 1 in TNBC; and (vi) the regulation of BRCA in TNBC by YY1. Clearly, these various regulatory roles of YY1 in both the pathogenesis and response to therapies in TNBC reveal several therapeutic targets of clinical significance in the treatment of patients with TNBC.
A Viral Pandemic, Vaccine Safety, and Compensation for Adverse Events.

This Viewpoint reviews the system in place to compensate US residents for proven vaccine injury via the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program and emphasizes that the benefit of COVID-19 vaccines outweighs any potential harm
Acute Pancreatitis in Children

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an increasingly recognized disorder in the pediatric population. Despite the increasing incidence of AP in children, most management recommendations are based on extrapolated data from adult studies (despite having distinctly different etiologies and clinical courses). The purpose of this paper will be to review the etiology, diagnosis, and complications of AP in children and to discuss current recommendations for the management of pediatric AP, including areas of future research. Treatment of pediatric AP is mainly supportive, centered around hydration, pain control, and nutritional support while monitoring for potential complications. Aggressive fluid resuscitation with crystalloid is critical in the treatment of AP, with recent studies supporting the use of lactated ringers over normal saline. Adequate pain control should be achieved with the use of opioid sparing agents, reserving opioids for those not responding to non-opioid analgesia. Early enteral nutrition should be adopted and is associated with improved outcomes. Increasing awareness of pediatric acute pancreatitis had led to recent advancements in understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, genetics, and natural history of AP in children. However, future multicenter prospective and randomized controlled studies are needed to better understand and optimize the treatment of pediatric AP.
Nutrition and Metabolism in HIV-1-Infected Children Receiving Haart Therapy

Despite dramatic gains in reducing the incidence of perinatally-acquired HIV-1 infection, an estimated 20,000 children, including adolescents, are living with HIV-1 or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States (1). Survival time and quality of life for children living in countries with access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have improved due to advances in medical therapy. The principle goal in the care of HIV-1-infected children is to achieve maximal suppression of HIV-1 replication through aggressive antiretroviral therapies. Combination antiretroviral therapies with protease inhibitors and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have shown a superior clinical effect when compared to nucleoside mono or dual therapy (2, 3). Indeed, the objective of therapy in the United States has shifted from delayed disease progression to indefinite viral suppression (4, 5, 6, 7); pediatric HIV disease has become a chronic illness in many children. With these advances, there are new questions relating to long-term changes in growth and body composition in both adults and children.
Purification and properties of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase

Chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the reduction of DPN+ by various purines and aldehydes, was purified to near homogeneity. It exhibits a molecular weight of about 300,000, a molar complement, flavin to molybdenum to iron to labile sulfide, of 2:2:8:8, and an absorption spectrum resembling those of milk xanthine oxidase and rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase. The enzyme catalyzes DPNH diaphorase activity with several electron acceptors. Xanthine and DPNH react with the enzyme at independent sites. Spectrophotometric evidence indicates binding of DPN+ to enzyme flavin; DPN+ and DPNH share a common binding site. The enzyme is progressively inactivated, with respect to xanthine oxidation, by methanol during the course of reduction of artificial electron acceptors, while developing enhanced DPNH diaphorase activity. Arsenite also produces contrasting effects on these two activities. Cyanide inactivates the xanthine dehydrogenase activity while reducing DPNH diaphorase activity by about 70%; this residual diaphorase activity is unaffected by subsequent treatment with arsenite. The enhanced DPNH diaphorase activity of methanol-inactivated and arsenite-treated preparations is resistant to cyanide. Two moles of 14C-cyanide were bound per mole of native enzyme but only one-half as much to arsenite-treated, methanol-inactivated, and DPNH-reduced preparations. The structure of the internal electron transport system of this enzyme is discussed.
Simulation of Lattice Damage Due to Dynamic Loading

By means of a dynamic simulation technique developed by the authors and based upon the Monte Carlo method, we investigate the response of two-dimensional Lennard-Jones lattice systems to dynamic uniaxial strain paths that are either fast or slow with respect to a lattice equilibration time. The simulation of lattice response to various compression-release cycles indicates a dependence of the degree of sustained lattice damage (i.e., dislocations and defects) on the rate and maximum amplitude of applied strain. Specifically, greater lattice damage is predicted whenever the lattice is subjected to a fast-loading process and/or higher maximum strain amplitude as compared to that induced by a slow-loading process and/or lower maximum strain amplitude.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of Br2O and OBrO

Abstract Vibrational frequencies of gaseous Br2O and OBrO were observed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. For the first time, bands at 629.0 cm−1 (ν3) and 532.9 cm−1 (ν1) were recorded for both Br–O asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of gaseous Br2O. Two fundamental vibrations were observed at 798.7 cm −1 (ν 1 ) and 846.3 cm −1 (ν 3 ) for the O 18 BrO radical. In addition, two new peaks at 2333 cm−1 and 668 cm−1 were observed in a HOBr spectrum. They are tentatively assigned to the H–Br and Br–O stretching vibrations of a HOBr isomer on the basis of ab initio computational results.
Role of beef and beef tallow, an enriched source of stearic acid, in a cholesterol-lowering diet

The effects of stearic acid on metabolism must be evaluated for stearic acid as an isolated dietary constituent and for stearic acid as a component of a natural fat. Beef products are the most common source of dietary stearic acid in the United States. Two components of beef products, beef protein and beef fat, can potentially impart cholesterol-raising properties. Protein has minimal effects on cholesterol concentrations in humans, but studies suggest that beef fat raises serum cholesterol concentrations. Because beef fat is 19% stearic acid, the cholesterol-raising potential of beef is not as great as predicted by its total saturated fatty acid content. However, beef tallow is hypercholesterolemic compared with fats containing less cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid. Therefore, curtailment of beef tallow in a cholesterol-lowering diet seems appropriate. Data suggest that lean beef is no more hypercholesterolemic than chicken or fish and, therefore, lean beef need not be eliminated from cholesterol-lowering diets.
On optimal parallelization of arbitrary loops

Abstract The problem of automatic loop parallelization has received a lot of attention in the area of parallelizing compilers. Automatic loop parallelization can be achieved by several algorithms. In this paper, we address the problem of time optimal parallelization of loops with conditional jumps. We prove that even for machines with unlimited resources there are simple loops for which no semantically and algorithmically equivalent time optimal program exists.
Simultaneous measurement of the frequencies of intrachromosomal recombination and chromosome gain using the yeast DEL assay.

Abstract The yeast DEL assay measures the frequency of intrachromosomal recombination between two partially-deleted his3 alleles on chromosome XV. The his3Δ alleles share approximately 400 bp of overlapping homology, and are separated by an intervening LEU2 sequence. Homologous recombination between the his3Δ alleles results in deletion of the intervening LEU2 sequence (DEL), and reversion to histidine prototrophy. In this study we have attempted to further extend the use of the yeast DEL assay to measure the frequency of chromosome XV gain events. Reversion to His+Leu+ in the haploid yeast DEL tester strain RSY6 occurs upon non-disjunction of chromosome XV sister chromatids, coupled with a subsequent DEL event. Here we have tested the ability of the yeast DEL assay to accurately predict the aneugenic potential of the diversely-acting, known or suspected aneugens actinomycin D, benomyl, chloral hydrate, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and methotrexate. Actinomycin D and benomyl strongly induced aneuploidy. EMS and methotrexate modestly induced aneuploidy, while chloral hydrate and MMS failed to illicit any significant induction. In addition, by FACS-analysis of DNA content it was shown that the majority of both spontaneous- and chemically-induced His+Leu+ revertants were heterodiploid. Thus, our results indicate endoreduplication of almost entire chromosome sets as a major mechanism of aneuploidy induction in haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topoisomerase IB-DNA Interactions: X Marks the Spot

The observation made twenty years ago that type IB topoisomerases bound DNA helix-helix juxtapositions was unexpected, given the controlled helical rotation mechanism of the enzyme. In this issue, Patel et al. (2010) provide an elegant structural explanation for this interaction.
Myth, Magic, and Administrative Innovations

An examination of the spread of administrative innovation through state and local governments which attributes the propensity to innovate to the unrequited search for certainty. This article borrow...
Responsive satellites and the need for structural health monitoring

The United States is striving to develop an Operationally Responsive Space capability. The goal is to be able to deliver tailored spacecraft capabilities to the warfighter as needs arise. This places a premium on the timespan between generating that requirement and having a functioning satellite performing its mission on orbit. Although there is lively debate regarding how to achieve this responsive space capability, one thing remains undeniable; the satellite flight qualification and launch vehicle integration process needs to be dramatically truncated. This paper describes the Air Force Research Laboratory's attempts to validate the use of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in lieu of traditional structural flight qualification testing schemes (static and shock loads, random vibration, coupled loads analysis, thermal vacuum testing, etc.) for potential Responsive Space (RS) satellites.
DEVELOPMENT OF POLYGALACTURONASE ACTIVITY AND SOLUBILIZATION OF PECTIN IN PEACHES DURING RIPENING

SUMMARY –Polygalacturonase activity, water-soluble pectin, total pectin, molecular weight distribution of water-soluble pectin, and fruit firmness were determined during ripening of freestone peaches. Polygalacturonase activity was not present in unripe peaches, but it developed during both tree and postharvest ripening. The development of activity paralleled the formation of water-soluble pectin characteristic of freestone peaches. Fruit firmness began to decrease before polygalac-turonase was detected, but the peaches softened rapidly after the appearance of the enzyme. Application of gel filtration revealed that the molecular weights of peach pectin range from about 100,000 to several million and decrease progressively during ripening. The results indicate a role for polygalacturonase in pectin solubilization during ripening of peaches.
Evaluation of e-mail contact to conduct follow-up among adolescent women participating in a longitudinal cohort study of contraceptive use

Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether e-mail contact is a viable method for gathering information from adolescent women about contraceptive use.
Magnetic phase transitions in samarium iron garnet

M\"ossbauer spectroscopy has shown that there are at least three magnetic phases of samarium iron garnet and possibly five, if spin reorientations that are not abrupt are assumed to occur between these phases. The easy magnetic axes are: [111], $560gT\ensuremath{\gtrsim}60$ K; [110], $\ensuremath{\sim}45gT\ensuremath{\gtrsim}18$ K; [100], $\ensuremath{\sim}10gTg~5$ K. The spin reorientations are estimated to occur between \ensuremath{\sim}60 and \ensuremath{\sim}45 K and between \ensuremath{\sim}18 and \ensuremath{\sim}10 K. While the phases with the [111] and [110] easy magnetic axis have been reported before, this is the first report of the lowest-temperature phase with [100] easy magnetic axis, and of the possible spin reorientations. If the latter exist, the lowest-temperature phase cannot be tetragonal; it is most likely orthorhomic. The sequence of magnetic space groups is: $R\overline{3}{c}^{\ensuremath{'}},[111]\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{F{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Fd}{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $[110]\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{I{2}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Ib}{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}{a}^{\ensuremath{'}},[100]$.
Pediatric phakic intraocular lens surgery: review of clinical studies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To report on the accumulating peer-reviewed data of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation in the pediatric population. I evaluate and compare the published peer-reviewed articles for the reported efficacy and complications of phakic intraocular lens implantations in children for correction of clinically significant high refractive errors. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies have shown the relevancy and effectiveness of pIOL implantation as an alternative surgical management for highly significant pediatric ametropia in selective patients who are noncompliant with medical treatment. SUMMARY In the management of clinically significant severe pediatric ametropic and/or anisometropic myopia or hyperopia and in the event of nonadherence to traditional medical treatment, phakic anterior chamber IOL implantation is currently considered an effective modality of treatment. Long-term follow-up of pediatric patients following pIOL implantation is necessary. Future clinical trials should focus on children of various age groups to assess the variables of visual acuity gain or loss, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, high-order aberrations, corneal physiology, and long-term complications to accurately and properly address the safety and efficacy of the type of and the best time for pIOL implantation in treatment and/or prevention of amblyopia in children.
Hereditary spherocytosis associated with sickle trait and cholelitbiasis

The first case of hereditary spherocytosis—AS hemoglobin associated with cholelithiasis is presented. The five previously described cases of hereditary spherocytosis associated with AS hemoglobin are summarized. Hereditary spherocytosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in all Negro patients with hemolytic disease, even if sickling and abnormal hemoglobin patterns are demonstrated. The accurate diagnosis in this child permitted proper therapy to be instituted.
Sensitivity, Indiscernibility and Knowledge

Sosa's paper is a deeply insightful contribution to our understanding of skeptical argument and the reply to it. I agree with Sosa concerning his doubts about the epistemological significance of contextualism. I have one further doubt about it beyond those which he has raised. Many of the arguments to the effect that the context of utterance determines whether it is correct to say, "S knows that p," for various substitutions of "S" and "p" require further argumentation to show that the contextual constraints are genuinely semantic and not merely conversational constraints on the appropriateness of saying, "S knows that p." Many of the constraints appear to me conversational constraints rather than semantic indices. When a person says, "I know that p," for example, he or she often gives their authority or word for the truth of p in the context of the speech act, and whether this is appropriate depends on the context. When the context is one in which a great deal hinges on whether or not p is true, one should be cautious about giving one's word or authority for the truth of p. Consequently, it might be inappropriate to say, "I know that p," in such contexts even though one does know that p. I might, for