cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Reversal of Large Stock Price Declines: The Case of Large Firms

This paper examines the long-run reversal pattern for a sample of large U.S. firms that experienced significant stock price declines of more than 20 percent during a specific month. The results from the analysis are largely consistent with the overreaction hypothesis and significantly greater in magnitude than those reported by previous studies. Six and 12 months after their initial price decline, the stocks of large firms earn approximately 4 and 12 percent in excess of what was expected, respectively. However, the magnitude and trend of that reversal differs substantially across industries. Technology stocks experience the largest and strongest reversal pattern followed by manufacturing stocks, while service industry stocks exhibit a clear downward drift that lasts up to three years and can be described as investorunderreaction to the large price drop.
The Production of Myco-Diesel Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives by the Endophytic Fungus Gliocladium Roseum (NRRL 50072)

An endophytic fungus, Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072), produced a series of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives on an oatmeal-based agar under microaerophilic conditions as analysed by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME)-GC/MS. As an example, this organism produced an extensive series of the acetic acid esters of straight-chained alkanes including those of pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, sec-octyl and decyl alcohols. Other hydrocarbons were also produced by this organism, including undecane, 2,6-dimethyl; decane, 3,3,5-trimethyl; cyclohexene, 4-methyl; decane, 3,3,6-trimethyl; and undecane, 4,4-dimethyl. Volatile hydrocarbons were also produced on a cellulose-based medium, including heptane, octane, benzene, and some branched hydrocarbons. An extract of the host plant, Eucryphia cordifolia (ulmo), supported the growth and hydrocarbon production of this fungus. Quantification of volatile organic compounds, as measured by proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), indicated a level of organic substances in the order of 80 p.p.m.v. (parts per million by volume) in the air space above the oatmeal agar medium in an 18 day old culture. Scaling the PTR-MS profile the acetic acid heptyl ester was quantified (at 500 p.p.b.v.) and subsequently the amount of each compound in the GC/MS profile could be estimated; all yielded a total value of about 4.0 p.p.m.v. The hydrocarbon profile of G. roseum contains a number of compounds normally associated with diesel fuel and so the volatiles of this fungus have been dubbed ‘myco-diesel’. Extraction of liquid cultures of the fungus revealed the presence of numerous fatty acids and other lipids. All of these findings have implications in energy production and utilization.
Obesity Suppresses Estrogen Receptor Beta Expression in Breast Cancer Cells via a HER2-Mediated Pathway

Obesity is associated with a worse breast cancer prognosis, while greater breast tumor estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression is correlated with improved therapy response and survival. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of obesity on breast cancer cell ERβ expression, which is currently unknown. We utilized an in vitro model of obesity in which breast cancer cells were exposed to patient serum pooled by body mass index category (obese (OB): ≥30 kg/m2; normal weight (N): 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Four human mammary tumor cell lines representing the major breast cancer subtypes (SKBR3, MCF-7, ZR75, MDA-MB-231) and mammary tumor cells from MMTV-neu mice were used. ERβ expression, assessed by qPCR and western blotting, was suppressed in the two HER2-overexpressing cell lines (SKBR3, MMTV-neu) following OB versus N sera exposure, but did not vary in the other cell lines. Expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1, two genes negatively regulated by ERβ, was elevated in SKBR3 cells following exposure to OB versus N sera, but this difference was eliminated when the ERβ gene was silenced with siRNA. Herceptin, a HER2 antagonist, and siRNA to HER2 were used to evaluate the role of HER2 in sera-induced ERβ modulation. SKBR3 cell treatment with OB sera plus Herceptin increased ERβ expression three-fold. Similar results were obtained when HER2 expression was silenced with siRNA. OB sera also promoted greater SKBR3 cell viability and growth, but this variance was not present when ERβ was silenced or the cells were modified to overexpress ERβ. Based on this data, we conclude that obesity-associated systemic factors suppress ERβ expression in breast cancer cells via a HER2-mediated pathway, leading to greater cell viability and growth. Elucidation of the mechanism(s) mediating this effect could provide important insights into how ERβ expression is regulated as well as how obesity promotes a more aggressive disease.
The medication life.

The therapist conducting psychodynamic psychotherapy often recommends medication for the patient, but the medication is frequently treated as separate from the therapy and not worth exploring. By not inviting the patient's and our own feelings about medication into the treatment dialogue, we may solicit the development of split transference, the loss of important unconscious material, and noncompliance. Much like a patient's dream life, the medication life is rich in detail that may be fruitfully used to gain information about the patient's experience, strengthen the alliance, and improve treatment outcome.
Sources of maternal odors and the development of odor preferences in baby pigs

Seven experiments utilizing 77 litters of piglets were conducted to determine the relative preferences or aversion of piglets for maternal olfactory cues. A Y-maze was used to test piglet preferences for two substances at any one time. A preference index was calculated from Y-maze data to identify whether piglets expressed a preference or aversion to the two substances tested in each session. The first two experiments examined piglet preferences for maternal fecal odors, colostrum, milk, urine and skin washings at 12 h and 7 d of age. Piglets preferred the odor of nipple washings and sow feces at 12 h of age. Piglets preferred sow fecal odors at 7 d of age in one study. The third study showed that piglets could discriminate between their mother's fecal odor and fecal odors from other sows. The fourth study examined piglet preferences for maternal fecal odors at birth, 12 h and 1, 3 and 7 d of age. At all ages tested except birth, piglets preferred sow fecal odors over water. The final three studies showed that piglets did not prefer to be near novel odors (orange and banana odors), nor did they prefer to be near the putative rat maternal pheromone, deoxycholic acid. In conclusion, piglets learn their mother's odor within the first 12 h of life. Piglets are most attracted to the odors associated with maternal feces and skin secretions. Piglet odor discriminatory ability is specific for maternal odors (not just odorous substances) and very acute (they can discriminate between mother and non-mother odors). When modifying piglet behavior to improve survival, the piglet's well-developed olfactory ability should be considered.
Solubility of Anthracene in Ternary Methyl tert-Butyl Ether + Alcohol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Solvent Mixtures at 298.15 K

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ternary methyl tert-butyl ether + 1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, methyl tert-butyl ether + 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, methyl tert-butyl ether + 1-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, methyl tert-butyl ether + 2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and methyl tert-butyl ether + 2-methyl-1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane solvent mixtures at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. Nineteen compositions were studied for each of the five solvent systems. Results of these measurements are used to test the predictive ability of the ternary solvent form of the combined NIMS/Redlich−Kister equation. Computations showed that the model predicted the observed solubility behavior to within an overall average absolute deviation of about 1.7%, which is comparable to the experimental uncertainty of ±1.5%.
Estimation of 24-h sodium excretion from a spot urine sample using chloride and creatinine dipsticks.

BACKGROUND Despite its clinical relevance, sodium intake is seldom monitored by physicians, largely because of shortcomings of the 24-h urine collection for sodium excretion. In a prior study, sodium excretion was shown to be accurately estimated from a late afternoon/early evening spot urine sodium/creatinine ratio, adjusted for 24-h creatinine excretion. In this study, we assessed a more convenient and inexpensive method, using chloride and creatinine dipsticks. METHODS Subjects submitted 24-h urine collections along with an "AM sample," collected at the beginning, a "PM sample" collected in the late afternoon/early evening before dinner, at roughly the midpoint, and a "random sample;'collected after completion, of the 24-h collection. Predicted 24-h sodium excretion was then determined from the spot urine dipstick chloride/creatinine ratio, measured by two independent observers, and from the spot urine laboratory sodium/creatinine ratio. Both ratios were adjusted for 24-h creatinine excretion. RESULTS For PM samples, predicted sodium excretion correlated strongly with actual 24-h sodium excretion, both for the dipstick method (r= 0.71; observer 1 and r= 0.65; observer 2; both P < 0.001), and the laboratory method (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). PM samples also differentiated subjects with sodium excretion <100mEq/dayvs. ≥100 mEq/day (sensitivity and specificity: dipstick method: 83 and 82%, respectively for observer 1, 89 and 77%, respectively, for observer 2; laboratory method: 100 and 82%, respectively). AM samples and random samples correlated less strongly. CONCLUSION The dipstick method appears promising as a convenient and inexpensive means to serially assess sodium excretion.
Nonequilibrium Transport and Current Instabilities in Quantum Point Contacts

The near equilibrium conductance property of quantum point contacts has been an intense field of research over the past 7 years following the demonstration of conductance quantization in such structures.1 However, the nonequilibrium transport properties of such systems are important for practical device applications involving nanoscale structures. Non-linear transport measurements in quantum point contacts have been reported in which oscillatory conductance with source-drain bias is observed associated with transport through successive one-dimensional subbands.2 Such transport is ‘ideal’ in the sense that it may described in terms of the two-terminal Landauer-Buttiker model when extended to non-zero V sd .
The Impact of Treatment of Overactive Bladder on Physical Activity Limitations.

Abstract Purpose: To determine if treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) can improve self-reported limitations in physical activity in women. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of women with OAB treated with flexible-dose fesoterodine therapy and standardized behavioral counseling. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and 8 weeks post-treatment. Physical activity scores were assigned using two questions of the Short Form 12 (SF-12) and categorized into three levels of physical activity (no limitations, moderate limitations, severe limitations). Response of urinary symptoms to treatment at 8 weeks was measured using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Physical activity limitations at baseline and 8 weeks were compared. Results: We recruited 137 women. At baseline, 71 (52%) women had no limitations, 34 (25%) had moderate, and 32 (23%) had severe physical limitations. Eight weeks after treatment, the proportion of women reporting severe limitations in physical activity was significant...
Thoughts of Enhancing the Science and Technology in National Defense Mobilization Under Informationization

The paper analyzes the change of the connotation of national defence mobiliztion,and elaborates the effect and the role of the science and technology played in information war. It aiso proposes several important ways of reinforcing national defence mobilization.
Comparison between the existence states of the hemo-lymphocytes in Oncomelania hupensis snails dually infected by larval Exorchis mupingensis and Schistosoma japonicumat different intervals

Present manuscript reports the result of comparison between the numbers of hemo-lymphocytes in snail tissue and abnormal larval Schistosoma japonicum body in Oncomelania hupensis which were dually infected with larval Exorchis mupingensis(Jiang,2011)and S.japonicumfor different intervals.The total number of 3types(large,medium and small) hemo-lymphocytes in snail tissue around 50 S.japonicumlarvae were respectively 143,386,219;and the total number of 3 types of hemo-lymphocytes in 50 S.japonicumlarval bodies respectively were 40,65,60;their total number were respectively 183,451,279and their total average number in snail of each S.japonicumlarva were respectively 3.7,9,5.6.Each type of hemo-lymphocytes number and its percentage in 5dually infected snails with different interval are as follows:21days interval: 9(45%),15.9(35%),7.4(27%);37days interval:4.1(21%),11(24%),7.8(29%);55days interval:3.6(18%),8.6(18%),5.2(19%);70days interval:2(10%),7.9(17%),3.4(13%);85days interval:1.2(6%),2.9(6%),3.1(11%).The result indicated that hemo-lymphocytes numbers and their percentage in O.hupensis snails dually infected for longer intervals were fewer and lower than that for shorter intervals.
Rice Stripe Virus Disease and Prevention Technique

This paper introduced the rice stripe disease of Japonica rice from the following aspects: symptom of disease,virus characteristics,spread way,posture feature,and the major prevention techniques.Rice stripe disease is one of the most serious viral diseases in China which transmitted by small brown planthopper(Laodelphax striatellus).The disease is epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus.
Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity

ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases result from a combination of genetic susceptibility factors and exogenous influences such as infection or Chemical (including drug) exposure. Germline DNA variations in genetic type as well as defects in antigen recognition acquired during thymic education of developing T-lymphocytes both contribute to impaired self:nonself discrimination and set the stage for later development of such diseases as myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, drugs such as D-penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, or quinidine induce T-cell or B-cell changes which precipitate autoreactivity and cause drug-induced disease. In vervention in autoimmune diseases with prednisone, alkylating agents or the future use of more selective monoclonal antibody reagents may be life-saving in some of these disorders.
The problem with [in] management theory

Summary Theory is essential to everything that we do as people studying and practicing industrial/organizational psychology and organizational behavior. But, I think that our field has lost its way recently and become enamored by shiny objects and interesting puzzles. Advancing management theory seems to have become an end state in and of itself. We seemed to be far more concerned with the entertainment value of theories than we are with their scientific rigor or real-world value. Top journals in our field are mandating that all articles must make a theoretical contribution, and theoretical contributions are being gauged primarily in terms of how innovative, counter-intuitive, surprising, and interesting they may be. I advocate for a more balanced approach, and in particular, for greater use of abductive inference. I argue that if you start with a real-world challenge and draw from existing theory, and then develop new theory to understand and change things, you are also making a theoretical contribution. Whether or not we are guided by theory is not really at issue—at issue is how well developed are our theories, how accurate are they, and do they help us to improve organizational life for everyone involved? Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avoiding “Rash” Conclusions: Challenge of IgA Vasculitis in Adults

IgA vasculitis is primarily a pediatric disease that is rarely encountered in adults. With adults, gastrointestinal manifestations are quite common, yet are nonspecific and may overlap with other diseases, particularly Crohn's disease, which can make the diagnosis a challenging task. Treatment is controversial given the disease course is usually self-limited with few serious complications. We present a case of IgA vasculitis in an adult patient with limited extraintestinal findings illustrating the complexity of arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Sparse Subspace Clustering by Learning Approximation ℓ0 Codes

Subspace clustering has been widely applied to detect meaningful clusters in high-dimensional data spaces. A main challenge in subspace clustering is to quickly calculate a "good" affinity matrix. l 0 , l 1 , l 2 or nuclear norm regularization is used to construct the affinity matrix in many subspace clustering methods because of their theoretical guarantees and empirical success. However, they suffer from the following problems: (1) l 2 and nuclear norm regularization require very strong assumptions to guarantee a subspace-preserving affinity; (2) although l 1 regularization can be guaranteed to give a subspace-preserving affinity under certain conditions, it needs more time to solve a large-scale convex optimization problem; (3) l 0 regularization can yield a tradeoff between computationally efficient and subspace-preserving affinity by using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, but this still takes more time to search the solution in OMP when the number of data points is large. In order to overcome these problems, we first propose a learned OMP (LOMP) algorithm to learn a single hidden neural network (SHNN) to fast approximate the l 0 code. We then exploit a sparse subspace clustering method based on l 0 code which is fast computed by SHNN. Two sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee that our method can give a subspace-preserving affinity. Experiments on handwritten digit and face clustering show that our method not only quickly computes the l 0 code, but also outperforms the relevant subspace clustering methods in clustering results. In particular, our method achieves the state-of-the-art clustering accuracy (94.32%) on MNIST.
Emerging graft protective strategies in clinical liver transplantation

There have been remarkable efforts to characterize the key responsible pathophysiologic mechanisms, as well as to ameliorate the organ preservation and ischemia reperfusion injury with the ultimate goal of expanding the donor pool and further improvement of the outcomes of liver transplantation. Attempts to translate the experimental results from bench to bedside have yielded no valid protective concepts in the field of clinical liver transplantation yet. Nonetheless, there has been a considerable amount of ongoing clinical research to develop clinically relevant graft protective strategies. Areas covered: This review focuses on the most recent evidence based findings and ongoing clinical trials that might lead to emerging graft protective strategies in the field of clinical liver transplantation. New evidence-based findings in the donor preconditioning, organ preservation, and perioperative pharmacologic graft protection strategies in the recipient are reviewed. Expert commentary: Few strategies have been shown to exert some graft protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury in recent clinical trials in liver transplantation. Among others, 'dynamic graft preservation' techniques have been emerging as more promising graft optimization strategies.
Age and gender classification from speech and face images by jointly fine-tuned deep neural networks

A new cost function is developed for the concurrent and jointly fine-tuned DNNs.A new DNN architectures are proposed.Two DNNs are trained concurrently and jointly fine-tuned.Speaker age and gender classification is studied.Age estimation from unconstrained face images is studied. The classification of human's age and gender from speech and face images is a challenging task that has important applications in real-life and its applications are expected to grow more in the future. Deep neural networks (DNNs) and Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are considered as one of the state-of-art systems as feature extractors and classifiers and are proven to be very efficient in analyzing problems with complex feature space. In this work, we propose a new cost function for fine-tuning two DNNs jointly. The proposed cost function is evaluated by using speech utterances and unconstrained face images for age and gender classification task. The proposed classifier design consists of two DNNs trained on different feature sets, which are extracted from the same input data. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and fundamental frequency (F0) and the shifted delta cepstral coefficients (SDC) are extracted from speech as the first and second feature sets, respectively. Facial appearance and the depth information are extracted from face images as the first and second feature sets, respectively. Jointly training of two DNNs with the proposed cost function improved the classification accuracies and minimized the over-fitting effect for both speech-based and image-based systems. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance and the accuracy of the proposed work. Two publicly available databases, the Age-Annotated Database of the German Telephone Speech database (aGender) and the Adience database, are used to evaluate the proposed system. The overall accuracy of the proposed system is calculated as 56.06% for seven speaker classes and overall exact accuracy is calculated as 63.78% for Adience database.
Application of Color Transformation Techniques in Pediatric Spinal Cord MR Images: Typically Developing and Spinal Cord Injury Population

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an improved and reliable visualization method for pediatric spinal cord MR images in healthy subjects and patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 15 pediatric volunteers (10 healthy subjects and 5 subjects with cervical SCI) with a mean age of 11.41 years (range 8–16 years) were recruited and scanned using a 3.0T Siemens Verio MR scanner. T2-weighted axial images were acquired covering entire cervical spinal cord level C1 to C7. These gray-scale images were then converted to color images by using five different techniques including hue-saturation-value (HSV), rainbow, red-green-blue (RGB), and two enhanced RGB techniques using automated contrast stretching and intensity inhomogeneity correction. Performance of these techniques was scored visually by two neuroradiologists within three selected cervical spinal cord intervertebral disk levels (C2-C3, C4-C5, and C6-C7) and quantified using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the color images shows consistent improvement across all the healthy and SCI subjects over conventional gray-scale T2-weighted gradient echo (GRE) images. Inter-observer reliability test showed moderate to strong intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients in the proposed techniques (ICC > 0.73). The results suggest that the color images could be used for quantification and enhanced visualization of the spinal cord structures in addition to the conventional gray-scale images. This would immensely help towards improved delineation of the gray/white and CSF structures and further aid towards accurate manual or automatic drawings of region of interests (ROIs).
Integrating data science and R programming at an early stage

The use of data has become an integral part of everyday life. Hence, introducing data science with games would generate an interest and prepare students for the rapidly changing world of technology. This study is especially intended to teach data science (DS) and R programming using games for cognitive learning. Tangible learning with real-life examples were used to teach Data Science. A correlation between the typical toys that are played are tied to concepts of DS. The three variables of social cognitive learning are integrated in this study. The data collected from the workshops are different from other studies because of broadly two reasons. First, the games used to teach data science were measured with the elements of cognitive learning. The other, was that the learning data collected from the students that participated in the study had a modified environment. The data that was collected during the experimental study for thirty hours for about 100 students. Students at the end of each session were able to identify the data science terms with respect to the games. They were able to write a small R program that they self-taught themselves due to the environmental factor of cognitive learning.
Optimal production-sales policies and entry time for successive generations of new products

Abstract This paper explores the optimal initial inventory at launch, sales plan, and introduction time for a new generation of a product. We propose a multi-generation demand model that accounts for supply constraints. A mathematical model of the supply-restricted multi-generation diffusion problem is then developed and the optimal sales policy is derived. Closed-form analytical expressions as well as numerical experiments are used to investigate the effect of consumers' backlogging, cost of production capacity, unit profit margin for the products, market expansion by the new generation, and cannibalization of older generations. Through consideration of supply restrictions and lost sales, we are able to generalize previous findings on market entry policy by showing that there is a continuous range of optimal introduction times. We show that the inter-dependence between production capacity and initial inventory varies based on the introduction time of the new generation. We also provide an application of the proposed model in the case of Sony's PlayStation®3 game console. The results suggest that the company introduced the product too late and overproduced inventory which, as supported by empirical evidence, had a negative impact on the product's performance. Limitations and considerations for the application of the model are also discussed.
Using Exotic Materials Like EuD 4 TEA and MgD 4 TEA to Monitor Damage and Radiation Exposure in Extreme Environments

Space radiation poses a significant challenge to exploration missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. As we consider long duration space missions, the risk from radiation exposure increases. There is no simple technique that is capable of real-time radiation detection. Past research shows that the fluorescence yield and decay time are both functions of temperature and radiation fluence. Each of these parameters need to be investigated separately in order to fully understand the physical properties for any useful phosphor. Once the temperature dependencies are known, then the radiation fluence in the surrounding environment can be estimated. This paper will discuss recent research on europium and magnesium tetrakis dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (EuD4TEA and MgD4TEA) that could be used to measure radiation and temperature in real time. Both of these organic materials have been shown to be sensitive to proton radiation and to changes in temperature.
Praktische geometrische Optik

Es genugt nicht, die Lage und Grose des Bildes fur ein optisches System vorherzusagen. Andere wichtige Eigenschaften eines Bildes sind seine Helligkeit und die Bildfeldgrose. Dazu mus man allerdings die Wirkung von Blenden auf den Strahlengang kennen. Wir fuhren daher zunachst einige neue Begriffe und Definitionen ein. Auch wenn wir nicht paraxiale Systeme betrachten, genugt es fur die Diskussion der Blendenwirkungen, mit paraxialer Optik zu argumentieren.
The Return Period of a Reservoir System Failure

It has become standard practice in the design of hydraulic structures to employ the average return period of a flood as the design event. An analogous index is introduced for the design of a water supply system: the average return period of a reservoir system failure, defined as the expected number of years until the occurrence of the first reservoir system failure. Other indices of the reliability of a water supply system are introduced. The use of these reliability indices is discussed in the context of a water supply reservoir design application.
Effects of Naris Closure on the Olfactory Epithelia of Adult Mice

Over the past several years we have been investigating the effects of unilateral naris closure on the olfactory system of adult mice. Unilateral closure creates an experimental situation in which conditions within the open-side nasal cavity are generally harsher than normal, while conditions on the closed side are generally milder. Because rodents are obligatory nasal breathers, unilateral closure forces all respiratory flows to pass through the open side. This exposes the open side to more odors, xenobiotics, dry air, pathogens and particulate matter than the closed side or normal nasal cavities. In addition. naris closure eliminates the nasal cycle (a pattern of alternating airflow between the two sides of the nose; see Ritter. 1970: Eccles. 1978; Cole and Haight, 1986). We believe that these conditions create a chronic low level of trauma for the open side. while not negatively affecting the closed side. Our studies have examined the effects of unilateral naris closure on: 1) morphology of the olfactory epithelium: 2) rate of mitosis of the neuronal stem cells of the epithelium: and 3) expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P-450.
iMETx (Individualized Metabolic Rx): Pilot study of an environmental intervention to increase energy expenditure among breast cancer survivors.

TPS10125Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with improved quality of life and outcomes in breast cancer survivors. However, many are inactive at diagnosis and activity levels worsen fo...
Data-Driven Finite Element Models of Passive Filamentary Networks

A data-driven procedure is introduced to construct finite element models of heterogeneous systems for which an accurate microscopic description is available. A filter to define coarsened finite element nodal values is defined from the principal modes obtained by singular value decomposition of the microscopic data. The resulting finite element nodal values are subsequently used to reconstruct local linearization of the system behavior, defining drag and stiffness matrices for an overdamped system. The procedure is exemplified for an actin mesh described by Brownian dynamics and eight-node cuboid finite elements but is generally applicable with respect to both the microscopic model and the type of finite element approximation. In contrast to standard finite element formulations derived from hypotheses on assumed deformation behavior, the data-driven procedure introduced here is completely determined by the observed behavior be it obtained from simulations or experiment.
Retrospective analysis of cardiac index and lactate production on cardiopulmonary bypass for a congenital cardiac patient population.

Background:Providing adequate metabolic support is the principal concern during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with different strategies utilized to enhance oxygen delivery to the patient. Modifying ...
Low-Coordinate Manganese Complexes Perform Unusual Bond-Formation Reactions

In this issue of Chem, Deng and co-workers describe the synthesis and reactivity of low-valent three-coordinate manganese complexes stabilized by olefin and carbene ligation. Ligand-based reactivity predominates from these unique molecular species at the olefinic units, which could find use in the development of new organic methodologies.
Public Reactions to and Impact of Celebrity Health Announcements: Understanding the Charlie Sheen Effect

Charlie Sheen, a popular actor, disclosed his HIV positive status on national television in November 2015. The purpose of this study was to examine reactions to and impact of Sheen’s HIV disclosure...
Making cold malignant pleural effusions hot: driving novel immunotherapies.

Malignant pleural effusions, arising from either primary mesotheliomas or secondary malignancies, heralds advanced disease and poor prognosis. Current treatments, including therapeutic thoracentesi...
Hes1 and Deltex1: yin and yang controlling invasiveness and metastasis in osteosarcoma

3943 Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant tumor of bone in teenagers, has high potential of pulmonary metastasis. Although primary osteosarcoma is effectively treated by surgery and chemotherapy, pulmonary metastasis is more difficult to control and causes the majority of patient death. Elimination of metastatic disease is essential to cure osteosarcoma patients. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling invasiveness and metastasis are not fully understood. We have identified an essential role of Notch driven Hes1 expression in osteosarcoma invasiveness and metastasis. The Notch pathway is involved in pathogenesis of several cancer types, and pharmacological blockade of Notch signaling is in the clinical trails for human T-cell leukemia. We found that γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated blockade of Notch reduced matrigel invasion in parallel with Hes1 reduction in osteosarcoma cell lines OS187 and LM7, but had no effect on proliferation, survival or anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, overexpression of constitutively active Notch1 (ICN1, intercellular domain of Notch1), Hes1 or dominant negative Mastermind (dnMAM, an inhibitor of Notch signaling) confirmed the essential role of Notch-induced Hes1 expression in promoting invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Here, we identify the interaction of Hes1 and Deltex1. In one osteosarcoma cell line COL, which high endogenous Deltex1, γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated blockade of Notch did not reduce matrigel invasion, and did not suppress Hes1 expression. Genetic blockade of Notch signaling with dnMAM decreased Deltex1 expression, and increased Hes1 expression, promoting invasiveness of COL cells. This suggested that Deltex1 is a negative regulator of Hes1 expression. The inhibition of Hes1 expression by Deltex1 is also observed in other osteosarcoma cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of Hes1 in COL cells decreased Deltex1 expression, suggesting Hes1 acts as a direct inhibitor of Deltex1 expression. Other Notch downstream target genes, including Hes5 and Herp2, did not consistently alter their expression with transduction of either Hes1 or Deltex1, suggesting Hes5 and Herp2 are not regulated by Hes1 or Deltex1 in osteosarcoma. Our data demonstrate that Hes1 and Deltex1 can inhibit each other and control invasiveness in osteosarcoma. These studies also identify a novel mechanism for regulation of Notch signaling in osteosarcoma. Since Notch pathway inhibitors are under evaluation in clinical trails for human cancer, our work may have important implications for prediction of which patients are at increased risk for metastasis and might benefit from γ-secretase inhibitor treatment.
Nonlinear Optimal Tracking Control of Wind Energy Conversion System in Partial Load Region

The conversion efficiency of the wind turbine in partial load operation can be maximized if it operates at the optimal tip speed ratio and the optimal pitch angle, thus the optimal power coefficient. For this purpose, the wind turbine rotor must track an optimal reference speed. In this work, a nonlinear closed-loop finite horizon optimal tracking via state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) is applied to track the optimal reference rotor speed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind energy conversion system. The key idea in this technique is to use an approximate analytic approach to convert the state dependent differential Riccati equation (SD-DRE) into the linear differential Lyapunov equation which can be solved in a closed form at each time step of a given time period. In addition, a state dependent vector differential equation is solved simultaneously with SD-DRE at each time step to perform the optimal tracking problem.
Food as porous media: a review of the dynamics of porous properties during processing

The complexity of food materials can be attributed to their hygroscopic, amorphous, heterogeneous, and porous structure. During processing, the microstructure of food materials changes; this signif...
Mo1671 WHICH SIZE MATTERS?: DISCORDANCE IN COLORECTAL POLYP SIZE BETWEEN COLONOSCOPY AND PATHOLOGY REPORTS

Author(s): Shao, Paul; Corona, Edgar; Bastani, Roshan; Yang, Liu; Mwengela, Didi; Didero, Michelle; Asokan, Ishan; Bui, Alex; Hsu, William; May, Folasade Fola P
Review of Clinical Research Informatics.

Objectives: Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) declares its scope in its name, but its content, both in terms of the clinical research it supports—and sometimes initiates—and the methods it has developed over time, reach much further than the name suggests. The goal of this review is to celebrate the extraordinary diversity of activity and of results, not as a prize-giving pageant, but in recognition of the field, the community that both serves and is sustained by it, and of its interdisciplinarity and its international dimension. Methods: Beyond personal awareness of a range of work commensurate with the author’s own research, it is clear that, even with a thorough literature search, a comprehensive review is impossible. Moreover, the field has grown and subdivided to an extent that makes it very hard for one individual to be familiar with every branch or with more than a few branches in any depth. A literature survey was conducted that focused on informatics-related terms in the general biomedical and healthcare literature, and specific concerns (“artificial intelligence”, “data models”, “analytics”, etc.) in the biomedical informatics (BMI) literature. In addition to a selection from the results from these searches, suggestive references within them were also considered. Results: The substantive sections of the paper—Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and “Big Data” Analytics; Common Data Models, Data Quality, and Standards; Phenotyping and Cohort Discovery; Privacy: Deidentification, Distributed Computation, Blockchain; Causal Inference and Real-World Evidence—provide broad coverage of these active research areas, with, no doubt, a bias towards this reviewer’s interests and preferences, landing on a number of papers that stood out in one way or another, or, alternatively, exemplified a particular line of work. Conclusions: CRI is thriving, not only in the familiar major centers of research, but more widely, throughout the world. This is not to pretend that the distribution is uniform, but to highlight the potential for this domain to play a prominent role in supporting progress in medicine, healthcare, and wellbeing everywhere. We conclude with the observation that CRI and its practitioners would make apt stewards of the new medical knowledge that their methods will bring forward.
The Conservative Origins of Strict Scrutiny

Debate over judicial engagement under the Fourteenth Amendment generally starts from the presumption that strict judicial scrutiny of laws that infringe on important rights is a liberal or Progressive idea in both origins and effects. Despite other differences, the Supreme Court's traditionalist critics and Lochner era revisionists agree on one important matter-that it was exclusively the Progressive wing of the Court that planted the seeds of modern fundamental rights jurisprudence. According to both camps, any pre-New Deal antecedents to this jurisprudence can be found in the opinions of Justices Holmes and Brandeis and later Justice Stone, and not in those of their non-Progressive colleagues.This Essay challenges the received wisdom regarding the pre-New Deal Court's majority's due process jurisprudence. In particular, before modern liberals took control of the Supreme Court in the late 1930s, the Court’s conservative majority had in several cases expressed its willingness to override the states’ police powers to protect important liberties.Part I describes the Court's early Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause jurisprudence and its unwillingness to privilege substantive rights over valid police-power rationales. Part II of this Essay discusses several later instances in which the Supreme Court invalidated legislation under the Due Process Clause even though the Court acknowledged that the state had asserted legitimate police-power justifications for the laws in question. In doing so, the Court anticipated modern fundamental rights jurisprudence.
Endoscopie et conjecture locale raffinée de Gan–Gross–Prasad pour les groupes unitaires

Under endoscopic assumptions about $L$-packets of unitary groups, we prove the local Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture for tempered representations of unitary groups over $p$-adic fields. Roughly, this conjecture says that branching laws for $U(n-1)\subset U(n)$ can be computed using epsilon factors.
Diffusion-PEPTIDE: Distortion- and blurring-free diffusion imaging with self-navigated motion-correction and relaxometry capabilities.

PURPOSE To implement the time-resolved relaxometry PEPTIDE technique into a diffusion acquisition to provide self-navigated, distortion- and blurring-free diffusion imaging that is robust to motion, while simultaneously providing T2 and T2∗ mapping. THEORY AND METHODS The PEPTIDE readout was implemented into a spin-echo diffusion acquisition, enabling reconstruction of a time-series of T2 - and T2∗ -weighted images, free from conventional echo planar imaging (EPI) distortion and blurring, for each diffusion-encoding. Robustness of PEPTIDE to motion and shot-to-shot phase variation was examined through a deliberate motion-corrupted diffusion experiment. Two diffusion-relaxometry in vivo brain protocols were also examined: (1)1 × 1 × 3 mm3 across 32 diffusion directions in 20 min, (2)1.5 × 1.5 × 3.0 mm3 across 6 diffusion-weighted images in 3.4 min. T2 , T2∗ , and diffusion parameter maps were calculated from these data. As initial exploration of the rich diffusion-relaxometry data content for use in multi-compartment modeling, PEPTIDE data were acquired of a gadolinium-doped asparagus phantom. These datasets contained two compartments with different relaxation parameters and different diffusion orientation properties, and T2 relaxation variations across these diffusion directions were explored. RESULTS Diffusion-PEPTIDE showed the capability to provide high quality diffusion images and T2 and T2∗ maps from both protocols. The reconstructions were distortion-free, avoided potential resolution losses exceeding 100% in equivalent EPI acquisitions, and showed tolerance to nearly 30° of rotational motion. Expected variation in T2 values as a function of diffusion direction was observed in the two-compartment asparagus phantom (P < .01), demonstrating potential to explore diffusion-PEPTIDE data for multi-compartment modeling. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion-PEPTIDE provides highly robust diffusion and relaxometry data and offers potential for future applications in diffusion-relaxometry multi-compartment modeling.
Bond-Market Risk Factors and Manager Performance

The authors introduce a novel approach for jointly testing bond-market factor models and bond manager performance using the attributes of market efficiency as an ideal, or benchmark. In addition to proposing enhanced constructions of term and default factors, they find evidence for a prepayment risk factor. They also find that style premiums do not materially reduce alphas or explain much additional common variation in the returns of traded bond portfolios when they are added to term, default, and prepayment risk factors. A factor model with just term, default, and prepayment risk factors performs as well, but is more parsimonious and employs clear sources of systematic risk. The authors find evidence of factor-adjusted alpha in a very small subset of active bond managers.
Historical warming has increased U.S. crop insurance losses

Quantification of the sector-specific financial impacts of historical global warming represents a critical gap in climate change impacts assessment. The multiple decades of county-level data available from the U.S. crop insurance program – which collectively represent aggregate damages to the agricultural sector largely borne by U.S. taxpayers – present a unique opportunity to close this gap. Using econometric analysis in combination with observed and simulated changes in county-level temperature, we show that global warming has already contributed substantially to rising crop insurance losses in the U.S. For example, we estimate that county-level temperature trends have contributed $US2017 23.9 billion – or 17% – of the national-level crop insurance losses over the 1991-2017 period. Further, we estimate that observed warming contributed approximately one third of total losses in the most costly single year (2012). In addition, analyses of a large suite of global climate model simulations yield very high confidence that anthropogenic climate forcing has increased U.S. crop insurance losses. These sector-specific estimates provide important quantitative information about the financial costs of the global warming that has already occurred (including the costs of individual extreme events), as well as the economic value of mitigation and/or adaptation options.
Gene splicing SETs the scene for cocaine addiction.

Cocaine triggers gene splicing in brain reward circuits, but the mechanisms and importance of this response are unclear. In this issue of Neuron, Xu et al. (2021) show that the histone modification H3K36me3 marks genes spliced in response to cocaine and, using epigenome editing, establish a causal relationship between gene splicing and addiction-related behavioral responses.
Phase 1 trial of carfilzomib in relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a unique subset of lymphomas with a poor prognosis due to limited treatment options. We performed a phase 1 study of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL to determine the safety profile and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this agent. The study was a classical 3 + 3 phase 1 design with intra-patient dose escalation allowed beginning on day 8 of cycle 1 and subsequently. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as the occurrence of any grade 3/4 adverse event. Carfilzomib was given on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of a 28-day cycle. Fifteen patients were enrolled from 3 centers. The median age of patients was 62. The median number of prior therapies for subjects on this trial was five. The MTD of carfilzomib was 36 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities included anemia and sepsis. Serious adverse events were seen in 45% of patients. Single-agent carfilzomib leads to a complete response in one patient and a partial response in one patient. Overall, the drug was reasonably tolerated for a heavily pretreated population, but the limited response rate and short duration of response demonstrate a lack of promise for carfilzomib as a single agent in this patient population.
Regression Modeling with Actuarial and Financial Applications

1. Regression and the normal distribution Part I. Linear Regression: 2. Basic linear regression 3. Multiple linear regression - I 4. Multiple linear regression - II 5. Variable selection 6. Interpreting regression results Part II. Topics in Time Series: 7. Modeling trends 8. Autocorrelations and autoregressive models 9. Forecasting and time series models 10. Longitudinal and panel data models Part III. Topics in Nonlinear Regression: 11. Categorical dependent variables 12. Count dependent variables 13. Generalized linear models 14. Survival models 15. Miscellaneous regression topics Part IV. Actuarial Applications: 16. Frequency-severity models 17. Fat-tailed regression models 18. Credibility and bonus-malus 19. Claims triangles 20. Report writing: communicating data analysis results 21. Designing effective graphs Appendix 1: basic statistical inference Appendix 2: matrix algebra Appendix 3: probability tables.