cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CALL CHARACTERISTICS AND MORPHOLOGY IN MALE CRICKET FROGS (ACRIS CREPITANS)

We investigated the relationships among spectral and temporal advertisement-call characteristics and the sizes of the laryngeal and ear components thought to underlie the generation and reception of species-specific vocalizations in male cricket frogs (Acris crepitans). We tested the predictions that the volumes of the structural elements necessary for acoustic communication would be correlated with various parameters of the vocalizations. The anatomy of laryngeal and ear structures was reconstructed from serial sections of the heads of male cricket frogs of two subspecies collected from several sites across the range of this species in Texas, USA. The relationships among the anatomy and call parameters were assessed using several univariate and multivariate analyses. Highly significant univariate correlations among the laryngeal components suggest that the temporal and spectral characteristics of the calls are not independently produced. Dominant frequency correlates strongly with most of the other call and morphological characteristics. Removing body size effects, however, removes the relationship between dominant frequency and the volume of the whole larynx and ear. This is also the case for call pulse rate, indicating that for this species both spectral and temporal call parameters are biomechanically related to laryngeal size which is, in turn, largely mediated by body size. General body size effects might also explain the existence of significant relationships between ear size and temporal characteristics of the call that probably do not have a functional basis.
Cooperative Effects in Aligned and Opposed Multicomponent Charge Gradients Containing Strongly Acidic, Weakly Acidic, and Basic Functional Groups.

Bifunctionalized surface charge gradients in which the individual component gradients either align with or oppose each other have been prepared. The multicomponent gradients contain strongly acidic, weakly acidic, and basic functionalities that cooperatively interact to define surface wettability, nanoparticle binding, and surface charge. The two-step process for gradient formation begins by modifying a siloxane coated silicon wafer in a spatially dependent fashion first with an aminoalkoxysilane and then with a mercapto-functionalized alkoxysilane. Immersion in hydrogen peroxide leads to oxidation of the surface immobilized sulfhydryl groups and subsequent protonation of the surface immobilized amines. Very different surface chemistries were obtained from gradients that either align with or oppose each other. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data show that the degree of amine group protonation depends on the local concentration of sulfonate groups, which form ion pairs with the resulting ammonium i...
Research on the improvement of properties uniformity over the H-beam section

According to the research on the properties and microstructure over the H-beam section, this paper presents the reason of the non-uniform properties. From the examined microstructure and the calculated result of temperature field, it was suggested that in order to get the uniform properties the controlled cooling should be used.
Electrophysiological and Pathological Characterization of the Period of Heightened Vulnerability to Repetitive Injury in an in Vitro Stretch Model.

Abstract Clinical studies suggest that repeat exposures to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion, such as sports-related mTBI, result in verbal, memory, and motor deficits that can progressively worsen and take longer for recovery with each additional concussion. Pre-clinical studies suggest that mild mechanical injury of the brain can initiate a period of heightened vulnerability during which the brain is more susceptible to a subsequent mild injury. It is unknown how long this period of heightened vulnerability lasts and, as a result, appropriate return-to-play guidelines for athletes who have sustained sports-related mTBI could be better clarified. To better understand this pathology and define the duration of heightened vulnerability to subsequent exposure, we employed a well-defined stretch injury model to mechanically stimulate organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) and evaluated both electrophysiological and pathological markers of injury. We found that an initial mild stretch in...
Stent retriever thrombectomy with aneurysm in target vessel: Technical note

Aneurysms within large occluded target vessels can present significant challenges for neuro interventionists because rupture can be catastrophic. We recently encountered a case of left internal carotid artery-middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke with an incidental MCA bifurcation aneurysm that we were already aware of. IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) was performed with a stent retriever, proximal to the aneurysm. TICI 2b recanalization was achieved. MTE and IV tPA may not be withheld from patients with acute stroke with known target vessel aneurysms.
Immunologcial Unresponsiveness: Cellular Kinetics and Interactions*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a study analyzing cellular kinetics of immunological unresponsiveness. The cellular events involved in the induction of immunological unresponsiveness were studied in adult A/J mice with human gamma globulin (HGG). This antigen is unique, in this both effective tolerogenic and strong immunogenic preparations are readily available without resorting to treatment of the host with drugs or to the use of adjuvant. When A/J mice was injected with heat aggregated HGG it made a good antibody response, while mice similarly injected with deaggregated HGG (centrifuged 100,000 g for 2 h) failed to respond. Furthermore, adult mice first injected with a single injection of 2.5 mg of deaggregated HGG remained unresponsive to subsequent Infections of aggregated HGG for over 100 days. In another experiment, the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) to HGG, as measured by a modification of the Jerne hemolytic plaque assay, was used to quantitate the immune response. The results demonstrated that both thymus and bone marrow cells can be made unresponsive and that both cell types have specific receptors for the antigen.
Pancreatic Cancer Surgical Resection Margins: Molecular Assessment by Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Background Surgical resection with microscopically negative margins remains the main curative option for pancreatic cancer; however, in practice intraoperative delineation of resection margins is challenging. Ambient mass spectrometry imaging has emerged as a powerful technique for chemical imaging and real-time diagnosis of tissue samples. We applied an approach combining desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) statistical method to diagnose pancreatic tissue sections and prospectively evaluate surgical resection margins from pancreatic cancer surgery. Methods and Findings Our methodology was developed and tested using 63 banked pancreatic cancer samples and 65 samples (tumor and specimen margins) collected prospectively during 32 pancreatectomies from February 27, 2013, to January 16, 2015. In total, mass spectra for 254,235 individual pixels were evaluated. When cross-validation was employed in the training set of samples, 98.1% agreement with histopathology was obtained. Using an independent set of samples, 98.6% agreement was achieved. We used a statistical approach to evaluate 177,727 mass spectra from samples with complex, mixed histology, achieving an agreement of 81%. The developed method showed agreement with frozen section evaluation of specimen margins in 24 of 32 surgical cases prospectively evaluated. In the remaining eight patients, margins were found to be positive by DESI-MSI/Lasso, but negative by frozen section analysis. The median overall survival after resection was only 10 mo for these eight patients as opposed to 26 mo for patients with negative margins by both techniques. This observation suggests that our method (as opposed to the standard method to date) was able to detect tumor involvement at the margin in patients who developed early recurrence. Nonetheless, a larger cohort of samples is needed to validate the findings described in this study. Careful evaluation of the long-term benefits to patients of the use of DESI-MSI for surgical margin evaluation is also needed to determine its value in clinical practice. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that the molecular information obtained by DESI-MSI/Lasso from pancreatic tissue samples has the potential to transform the evaluation of surgical specimens. With further development, we believe the described methodology could be routinely used for intraoperative surgical margin assessment of pancreatic cancer.
Institutionalism and Fiscal Policy at Mid-Century

The career and contributions of Roy Blough (1901 – 2000) are considered as a case study of Wisconsin Institutionalism in government policy-making at mid-century. Faculty member at Cincinnati, Chicago and Columbia, editor of the National Tax Journal, director of the research division of the U.S. Treasury and member of the Council of Economic Advisors, Blough played a significant role in the development of fiscal policy. Considered are Blough’s contributions to tax policy and his views on Keynesian public finance. Wisconsin Institutionalist contributions to modern fiscal policy are identified.
Enzyme recycle and fed-batch addition for high-productivity soybean flour processing to produce enriched soy protein and concentrated hydrolysate of fermentable sugars

Despite having high protein and carbohydrate, soybean flour utilization is limited to partial replacement of animal feed to date. Enzymatic process can be exploited to increase its value by enriching protein content and separating carbohydrate for utilization as fermentation feedstock. Enzyme hydrolysis with fed-batch and recycle designs were evaluated here for achieving this goal with high productivities. Fed-batch process improved carbohydrate conversion, particularly at high substrate loadings of 250-375g/L. In recycle process, hydrolysate retained a significant portion of the limiting enzyme α-galactosidase to accelerate carbohydrate monomerization rate. At single-pass retention time of 6h and recycle rate of 62.5%, reducing sugar concentration reached up to 120g/L using 4ml/g enzyme. When compared with batch and fed-batch processes, the recycle process increased the volumetric productivity of reducing sugar by 36% (vs. fed-batch) to 57% (vs. batch) and that of protein product by 280% (vs. fed-batch) to 300% (vs. batch).
Predicting Indirect Effects of Predator-Prey Interactions.

SYNOPSIS Predicting the effects of climate change on species and communities remains a pre-eminent challenge for biologists. Critical among this is understanding the indirect effects of climate change, which arise when the direct, physiological effects of climate on one species change the outcome of its interaction with a second species, altering the success of the second species. A diverse array of approaches to predicting indirect effects exists from mechanistic models, which attempt to build-up from physiological changes to ecological consequences, to ecological models that focus solely on the ecological scale. Here I review studies of the indirect effects of temperature on two predator-prey systems in rocky intertidal habitats. Laboratory and field studies have shown that temperature can indirectly affect interactions through both physiological and behavioral changes in predator and prey, but no model yet captures the full range of these effects. The three main categories of changes are metabolic rate effects, stress effects, and behavioral avoidance. Mechanistic models best capture the first two of these three dynamics, while ecological models have focused mainly on the last two. The challenge remains to correctly identify a species' vulnerability to climate change, which differs from its physiological sensitivity. The best approach may be to use detailed physiological-scale studies of indirect effect in a few systems to ground truth simpler models that can be applied more broadly. Model development and testing is also hampered by the small number of field studies of indirect effects in natural systems, particularly studies that examine natural temporal or spatial variation in climate.
Developing student interprofessional competence through a support group assignment

Abstract Support groups provide individuals the opportunity to interact and build a network of support for the betterment of health. A support group assignment was developed and integrated into an interprofessional education (IPPE) elective course that exposed students to community resources focused on improving health. After attending a support group session, students representing 14 health professional programs were asked to answer guided reflection questions. A total of 240 reflection assignments were analyzed to determine if student learning objectives based on Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) sub-competencies were met. Targeted IPEC sub-competencies included Values and Ethics 2 and 5, and Roles and Responsibilities 3 and 4. Assessment of assignments also reflected student learning of Values and Ethics 4 and 6. Student attendance of a support group session is a valuable IPE learning experience that can broaden student perception of a health team and expose students to community resources that support health.
Cu and Zn substituted silicon clathrates with the cubic type-II structure. Synthesis and characterization of Cs 8 Na 16 Cu 3.8 Si 132.2 and Cs 8 Na 16 Zn 6.9 Si 129.1

Studies in the systems Cs–Na–Cu–Si and Cs–Na–Zn–Si yielded the novel clathrates Cs8Na16(Cu,Si)136 and Cs8Na16(Zn,Si)136, both with the cubic type-II structure [space group Fd3m (no. 227), Pearson symbol cF160]. The structures of the title compounds were established from single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, confirming the complete ordering of the Cs and Na guest atoms. The framework-building Si atoms are found to be randomly substituted by Cu atoms on framework site 96g, exclusively. In the structure of Cs8Na16(Zn,Si)136, the refinements indicate that the Zn and Si atoms co-occupy two of the three framework sites with notable preference for site 96g over site 32e. The corresponding refined compositions and unit cell parameters are as follows: Cs8Na16Cu3.8Si132.2(1) [a = 14.7583(15) A]; Cs8Na16Zn6.9Si129.1(1) [a = 14.7682(5) A], respectively. The type-II clathrates can be obtained only from experiments employing both Na and Cs, whereas work in the ternary Cs-Cu-Si, Cs-Zn-Si, Na-Cu-Si, and Na-Zn-Si systems failed to yield any clathrate phases. At the same conditions, exploratory studies in the K-Zn-Si and Rb-Zn-Si systems provided evidence that type-I clathrates are favored.
Developmental Trajectories of Cocaine/Crack Use Among Juvenile Offenders: PTSD as a Risk Factor:

Cocaine and crack are illicit drugs linked to numerous health issues. Despite the public health issues which these drugs present, there has yet to be an examination of the heterogeneity which exist...
Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin Using Sequencing (ATAC‐seq) Data Analysis

The study of epigenetic properties of the human genome, including structural modifications of DNA and chromatin, has increased tremendously as mounting evidence has demonstrated how much epigenetics affects human gene expression. Buenrostro et al. have developed a rapid method, requiring low numbers of living cells as input, for examining chromatin accessibility across the epigenome, known as the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq). The overall goal of this unit is to provide a thorough ATAC-seq data analysis plan, as well as describe how primary human blood samples can be processed for use in ATAC-seq. In addition, a number of quality control parameters are discussed to ensure the integrity and confidence in the ATAC-seq data. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: ATAC-seq; chromatin accessibility; epigenetics; peak-calling
Risk Factors for Rescue Therapy in Crohn's Patients Maintained on Infliximab After Withdrawal of the Immunomodulator: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Usefulness of thiopurine and scheduled infliximab combination therapy in non-immunomodulator (IM)-naive Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and the optimal length of dual therapy are still debated. To determine proportion of patients developing disease flare requiring rescue therapy and risk factors associated with disease flare after de-escalation of IM from combination therapy. Adult CD patients in clinical remission on combination therapy were identified from a large single-center database between 2002 and 2009. Patients who had their IM stopped in the absence of adverse events were included. Association between clinical and demographic variables and time until rescue therapy was analyzed using Cox-proportional hazard models. Forty-three CD patients on combination therapy in clinical remission at time of IM de-escalation were identified and followed up for a median duration of 61.6 months (range 5.4–129.5). Median duration of remission on combination therapy prior to IM de-escalation was 12.0 months (range 4–74). Thirty-one patients (72.1%) required rescue therapy during follow-up. On multivariable analysis, age at diagnosis 40 years (HR 4.55, 95% CI 1.18–17.62, p = 0.028), using methotrexate instead of azathioprine in combination with infliximab (HR 3.37, 95% CI 1.14, 9.96, p = 0.028), and duration of combination therapy < 6 months (HR 5.68, 95% CI 1.58, 20.36, p = 0.007) increased risk for rescue therapy. A large proportion of CD patients on combination therapy experienced a flare following IM withdrawal. Young age at diagnosis, short duration of combination therapy, and methotrexate use were independent predictors of the need for rescue therapy.
The Civic Index: Theory, Practice and Learning Across American Cities

The Civic Index is projected by the National Civic League (NCL) as both a list of civic vital signs for communities and cities and as an instrument for assessing the efficacy of civic culture. Although broad, subject to varied interpretations and applications and weighted differently by local communities, the Index provides NCL and its network with a national forum and clearinghouse for discourse about cities and communities. Through its annual All-American Cities Program and annual national conference, NCL uses the Index as a way to identify citizen-driven best practices, to acknowledge deficits in civic and city policy behavior and to determine what changes the Index itself may occasionally require to be useful a tool for learning across cities.
Metal Cutting Mechanics, Finite Element Modelling

This chapter presents a short analysis of the basics of traditional metal cutting mechanics, outlining its components and the basics of finite element modelling (FEM) of the metal cutting process. Based on a previously proposed definition of metal cutting, advanced metal cutting mechanics considers the power spent in metal cutting as the summation of four components: the power spent on the plastic deformation of the layer being removed, the power spent on the tool–chip interface, the power spent on the tool–workpiece interface, and the power spent in the formation of new surfaces (cohesive energy). Energy partition in the cutting system and the relative impact of the parameters of the machining regime are discussed. Analyzing the basics of FEM and presenting examples, this chapter considers the errors in such modelling and their major sources. It points out the importance of the selection, verification and validation of the physically justifiable model.
Evaluation of electrochemically generated ozone for the disinfection of water and wastewater

Effective wastewater treatment is critical to public health and well-being. This is especially true in developing countries, where disinfection of wastewater is frequently inadequate. People who live in these areas may benefit from wastewater disinfection using ozone. This study evaluated the ability of a new electrochemical process of ozone generation, which produced ozone continuously at high pressure and concentration by the electrolysis of water, to disinfect tap water and secondarily treated wastewater. Inactivation of Klebsiella terrigena , Escherichia coli , MS2 bacteriophage and poliovirus 1 was evaluated first in reverse osmosis (RO) treated water. Inactivation of K. terrigena (6-log), E. coli (6-log), MS2 (6-log) and poliovirus 1 (>3-log) was observed after 1min of ozonation in a 1L batch reactor. Experiments were then performed to assess the microbiological impact of disinfection using ozone on secondarily treated municipal wastewater. The effect of ozonation on wastewater was determined for total and faecal coliforms, bacteriophages and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria. Electrochemical ozone generators provided an effective, rapid and low-cost method of wastewater disinfection. Based on the results of this research, electrochemically generated ozone would be well suited to remote, small-scale, disinfection operations and may provide a feasible means of wastewater disinfection in developing countries.
Effect of antiviral therapy on overall survival in hepatitis c virus-infected patients with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma.

7540Background: Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Several studies have demonstrated regression of indolent lymphoma with anti...
Communicating Oncologic Prognosis with Empathy (COPE) Pilot Study.

11613Background: Multiple studies show that patients with advanced cancer often believe the goal of treatment is cure. Our interprofessional team designed the Communicating Oncologic Prognosis with...
Guarding the Gates with Two Faces: International Law and Political Reconstruction

For all its achievements during the Cold War years, international law was inevitably one of the casualties of superpower rivalry. With perhaps equal inevitability, the fall of communism was seen to herald a return to vigor, a new phase of disciplinary regeneration. International law?freed at last from the constraints which had "deformed" it, "ensured its ineffectiveness,"1 and kept scholars on the defensive with respect to its "very existence"2?appeared set to take an active part in the building of a new post-Cold War world. Where before there was stasis, the prospect of an alliance with the forces of change now opened up.3 One of the most acute analyses of this moment in international legal history can be found in a short article by David Kennedy, entitled "Turning to Market Democracy: A Tale of Two Architectures."4 The article deserves more attention than it has received. In this article, Kennedy examines European economic relations in the early 1990s, contrasting the 1992 program of the European Community (EC) with Eastern European dealings post-1989, within the framework of the international trade regime. The choice of subject was intended to reflect the priority now being given to issues of legal-institutional design, international law's "turn to policy." But there was a rider: "My turn to policy here is
A Market Framework for Holistic Congestion Management in Unbalanced Distribution Systems

The ongoing noticeable growth of energy demand in the world dramatically increases the thermally overloaded distribution lines, which can seriously threaten the security of distribution power systems. This paper proposes an electricity market framework in which renewable energy-based market participants are motivated to contribute to the “power system security” via congestion management. Moreover, the communications between market participants are supervised to manage the “data transmission traffic”. In addition, electric vehicles are customized to contribute to system security not only as flexible loads but also as virtual distributed generation (DG) units. Furthermore, administrative support of the distribution system operator is modeled in the introduced holistic scheme to take into account the scenarios in which market participants are unable to fully resolve congested distribution feeders in the system. The effectiveness of the proposed market mechanism is verified on a 136-bus “unbalanced” distribution network equipped with wind turbines and photovoltaic DGs.
Chapter 13 – SAMPLE SIZE

Publisher Summary The size of sample taken affects the extent to which confidence can be placed in the data collected through a survey. The chapter describes four methods for computing sample size: (1) estimating the sample size for a mean, (2) estimating sample size for a percentage, (3) estimating sample size to produce a minimum cell size for a cross tabulation, and (4) estimating the sample size needed to produce a specific difference from chance in a cross tabulation. These methods can be used to estimate the size of sample needed to help assure that the information collected through a sample is a good approximation of the true value in the population. While there is always some error associated with the statistics garnered through sampling, these methods can help determine how large a sample should be taken and how much confidence can be placed in the results.
The NonLinear Theory of the Free Electron Laser

The free electron laser (FEL) is a new radiation source characterized by frequency tunability, high power levels, high efficiencies and output wavelengths ranging from the millimeter to beyond the optical regime. The schematic of the FEL configuration consists of a stream of relativistic electrons propagating through a spatially periodic wiggler field as depicted in Fig. 1. Under appropriate conditions, an electromagnetic wave double doppler upshifted in frequency can be amplified.
The K-Shaped Recovery: Examining the Diverging Fortunes of Workers in the Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Business and Household Survey Microdata.

This paper examines employment patterns by wage group over the course of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States using microdata from two well-known data sources from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: the Current Employment Statistics and the Current Population Survey. We find establishments paying the lowest average wages and the lowest wage workers had the steepest decline in employment and experienced the most persistent losses. We disentangle the extent to which the effect observed for low wage workers is due to these workers being concentrated within a few low wage sectors of the economy versus the pandemic affecting low wage workers in a number of sectors across the economy. Our results indicate that the experience of low wage workers is not entirely due to these workers being concentrated in low wage sectors - for many sectors, the lowest wage quintiles in that sector also has had the worst employment outcomes. From April 2020 to May 2021, between 23% and 46% of the decline in employment among the lowest wage establishments was due to within-industry changes. Another important finding is that even for those who remain employed during the pandemic, the probability of becoming part-time for economic reasons increased, especially for low-wage workers. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10888-021-09506-6.
Technical Report: A Totally Asynchronous Algorithm for Tracking Solutions to Time-Varying Convex Optimization Problems.

This paper presents a decentralized algorithm for a team of agents to track time-varying fixed points that are the solutions to time-varying convex optimization problems. The algorithm is first-order, and it allows for total asynchrony in the communications and computations of all agents, i.e., all such operations can occur with arbitrary timing and arbitrary (finite) delays. Convergence rates are computed in terms of the communications and computations that agents execute, without specifying when they must occur. These rates apply to convergence to the minimum of each individual objective function, as well as agents' long-run behavior as their objective functions change. Then, to improve the usage of limited communication and computation resources, we optimize the timing of agents' operations relative to changes in their objective functions to minimize total fixed point tracking error over time. Simulation results are presented to illustrate these developments in practice and empirically assess their robustness to uncertainties in agents' update laws.
Effects of Dormitory Living on Student Performance

Many large universities require freshman to live in dormitories on the basis that living on campus leads to better classroom performance and lower drop out incidence. Large universities also provide a number of academic services in dormitories such as tutoring and student organizations that encourage an environment conducive to learning. A survey was administered to college students at a large state school to determine what impact dormitory living has on student performance. We use a handful of instrumental variable strategies to account for the possibly endogenous decision to live on campus. We find a robust result across model specifications and estimation techniques that on average, living on campus increases GPA by between 0.19 to 0.97. That is, the estimate for the degree of improvement to student performance caused by living on campus ranges between one-fifth to one full letter grade.
Role Model Performance Effects on Development of Entrepreneurial Career Preference

Critics of the trait approach to the study of entrepreneurship have called for adaptation of theory from other disciplines to explain entrepreneurial behavior. This study responds by focusing on th...
Evaluating Online Tutorials for University Faculty, Staff, and Students: The Contribution of Just-in-Time Online Resources to Learning and Performance.

The effective integration of current technologies in teach ing and research is a high priority for today’s universities. To support the technology skills of university faculty, staff, and students, the subject university’s office for faculty train ing and support provides free, 24/7 access to a collection of online technology tutorials leased from a professional ven dor, PBJ (pseudonym). Despite significant financial invest ment, the effectiveness of these tutorials has never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ef fectiveness of PBJ online technology training tutorials in supporting the technology skills development of faculty, staff, and students at a large university. a customized Webbased survey was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from PBJ users. findings revealed that PBJ users are largely satisfied with this online learning resource. How ever, users also recommended improvements: providing al ternative formats/media for flexibility in learning; offering more practice opportunities to skill-build; providing content that is current, comprehensive, and targets high-need areas; and resolving usability issues such as cumbersome naviga tion. In sum, findings resulted in practical recommendations for improvement to this facet of the university’s technol ogy support strategy as well as insights for other universi ties engaged in similar efforts. implications for effective e-learning evaluation are offered.
Poverty and disability : a survey of the literature

This review summarizes the literature on disability and its relationship to pverty, including education, employment, income, and access to basic social services. Despite the dearth of formal analysis, it is clear that in developing countries, as in more developed areas, disabled people (and their families) are more likely than the rest of the population to live in poverty. It is a two-way relationship--disability adds to the risk of poverty, and conditions of poverty increase the risk of disability. Disability in developing countries stems largely from preventable impairments associated with communicable, maternal and perinatal disease and injuries, and prevention has to remain a primary focus. An increasing emphasis on community-based participatory rehabilitation reflects growing recognition of the inadequacy of past offical programs, particularly involving specialized and exclusionary institutions.
Relationships of adrenals, gonads and thyroid to thymus and lymph nodes, and to blood and thoracic duct leukocytes.

The effects of gonadectomy, adrenalectomy, and thyroidectomy, and of thyroxine administration on the weight of lymphatic tissues and on the numbers of blood and thoracic duct leukocytes have been studied over a 40 day period in young male rats. The results of the present experiment are interpreted to indicate that: 1. Removal of the gonads caused a marked increase in the weight of the thymus, whereas but slight effect was noted on the weights of the lymph nodes. Removal of the adrenal glands, however, resulted in a marked increase in the weight of all lymphatic tissues. 2. Thyroxine administration was demonstrated to exert a hyperplastic effect on the lymph nodes, an effect which was accentuated by the removal of the adrenals and gonads. The lymph nodes were more sensitive than the thymus to the stimulating influence of thyroxine administration in the intact animal. 3. A comparison of the weights of the thymus and lymph nodes to control values was more indicative of the hypoactivity or hyperactivity of the thyroid, adrenals and gonads, than were the weights of the thymus or lymph nodes considered separately. 4. The increase in the level of blood lymphocytes following removal of the adrenals appeared to result from a failure of normal removal of the lymphocytes from the bloodstream, rather than from an increased delivery of the lymphocytes to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct. Administration of thyroxine to normal animals did not produce a blood lymphocytosis, lending further weight to the suggestion of Marine and others that the blood changes seen its toxic hyperthyroidism are the result of adrenocortical insufficiency. 5. Changes in the weight of the lymphatic tissues were not necessarily reflected by a proportional change in the number of thoracic duct lymphocytes, nor did the number of blood lymphocytes necessarily reflect the number of lymphocytes delivered to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct lymph. 6. The marked increase in the volume and cell content of thoracic duct lymph noted its thyroxine treated adrenalectomized-gonadectomized animals appears to be directly related to an increased sensitivity to the effects of thyroxine administration in the absence of these glands. 7. Removal of the thyroid gland vitiated the increases in weight of thymus and lymph nodes produced after castration and/or adrenalectomy. 8. The eosinophilic leukocytosis consequent on adrenalectomy was markedly augmented by removal of the thyroid and gonads.
Anomalous OH absorption in the direction of Cassiopeia A.

Complex OH emission spectra in direction of Cassiopeia A at four ground state frequencies in terms of Zeeman patterns, noting anomalous absorption
A New Method of Measuring Temperature

THE recent publication of papers dealing principally with thermometry, by Mr. Griffiths, and by the Kew Standardising Bureau, has suggested to me that the publication of a new thermometric method which I have used for some years may be of use.
Dialogic Imagination in the Book of Deuteronomy

One of the profoundest insights into the syntax of narrative is the complex system of relationships between reporting and reported speech worked out in programmatic form by Voloshinov-Bakhtin in a number of groundbreaking studies (for example, in English translation, Marxism and the Philosophy of Language by V.N. Voloshinov and The Dialogic Imagination by Bakhtin). Interesting literary insights into texts that have been studied and interpreted over centuries and even milennia now await the application by present-day scholars of Bakhtin's theories. The Book of Deuteronomy offers a unique opportunity within the Bible of applying the reported/reporting speech approach of Bakhtin. The entire book of thirty-four chapters consists of a series of reported speeches of Moses framed with only about fifty-six verses by the reporting speech of the Deuteronomic narrator. The dynamic relationship of these two voices in the book provides one with a reading of Deuteronomy that significantly departs from the predominant scholarly view. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol9/iss1/10 DIALOGIC IMAGINATION IN THE BOOK OF DEUTERONOMY ROBERT POLZIN Carleton University
First isolation and characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Brazilian Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz)

Lactococcus garvieae infection in cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz), from Brazil is reported. The commercial bacterial identification system, Biolog Microlog, confirmed the identity of L. garvieae. Infectivity trials conducted in Nile tilapia using Brazilian Nile tilapia L. garvieae isolates resulted in a median lethal dose-50 of 1.4 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/fish. This is the first evidence of the presence of this pathogen from Brazilian fish. In addition, this is the first report of L. garvieae infection in either Nile tilapia or pintado. Collectively, this evidence expands the geographical range of fish hosts, number of fish hosts harbouring L. garvieae and carbon source utilization by L. garvieae fish isolates. Furthermore, the Biolog system may be an alternative technique to polymerase chain reaction for the identification of L. garvieae and discrimination between closely related bacterial species.
MP84-12 PATIENT-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE AND CONVALESCENCE AFTER MINIMALLY INVASIVE KIDNEY CANCER SURGERY

Abstract Objective To better characterize recovery after minimally invasive kidney surgery, we present a study describing patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following minimally invasive radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN). Methods Patients who underwent minimally invasive PN or RN for renal cancer were invited to enroll in a prospective, patient-reported HRQOL study using the Convalescence and Recovery Evaluation (CARE) instrument and Short Form-12. Patients completed questionnaires at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Mixed repeated measures model were used to assess time effect on HRQOL scores and predictors of scores within each surgery groups. Results One hundred seventy-seven patients were included in the study: 50 had RN and 127 had PN. At 2 weeks, both groups had significant decreases in Overall CARE, as well as the Pain, Gastrointestinal, and Activity domain scores which remained slightly below baseline at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks only 50% of patients in both the RN and PN cohorts returned to baseline overall CARE score. By 12 weeks 82% returned to baseline overall CARE score in the RN group while 76% of patients did so in the PN group. Conclusion Convalescence after minimally invasive renal surgery can often extend beyond 4 weeks post-treatment in PN and RN subjects. This information may be used to provide more accurate preoperative counseling in an attempt to improve overall patient satisfaction.
Spontaneous generation of superoxide anion by human lens proteins and by calf lens proteins ascorbylated in vitro.

Abstract The proteins isolated from aged human lenses and brunescent cataracts exhibit extensive disulfide bond formation. Diabetic rat lenses similarly contain disulfide-bonded protein aggregates. These observations are consistent with the known link between diabetes, glycation and oxidative damage, and suggest a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. To assess whether the glycation-related modifications in human lens proteins spontaneously generate ROS, superoxide anion formation was measured using both cataractous lens proteins and calf lens proteins glycated in vitro with ascorbic acid (ascorbylated). The water-insoluble fraction from aged normal human lenses generated 0.3–0.6 nmol superoxide h−1mg protein−1, whereas the activity increased to 0.5–1.8 nmol h−1mg protein−1with the WI fraction from brunescent cataracts, and 2.3 nmol h−1mg protein−1with calf lens proteins ascorbylated for 4 weeks in vitro. The activity in the human lens proteins was observed in both the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions, and was completely dependent upon the presence of oxygen. The pH optimum curve for superoxide formation increased from pH 6.5 to 10 with both the cataract and ascorbylated proteins. The superoxide-generating activity in human lens was completely bound to a boronate affinity column, but only partially bound with the ascorbylated proteins. The superoxide anion produced by a 5 m m solution of purifiedNϵ -fructosyl–lysine was barely detectable, and therefore, could not account for the superoxide formed by any of the lens protein preparations. Also, superoxide formation increased 10-fold at pH 8.8 with fructosyl–lysine, but only 1.3–1.8-fold with human lens proteins. The addition of copper-stimulated superoxide formation with glycated bovine serum albumin, but no stimulation was seen with cataractous proteins. Assays of specific compounds showed that catechol, hydroquinone, 3-OH kynurenine and 3-OH anthranylic acid exhibited the greatest activity for superoxide generation, but had a very short halflife. 2,3-Dihydroxypyridine and 4,5 dihydroxynaphthalene were one and two orders of magnitude less reactive. In long-term incubations at 37°, cataractous proteins retained the potential to produce superoxide anion, losing only half of the initial activity after 6–7 days. Therefore, the water-insoluble fraction from aged human lenses and dark brown cataracts are potentially capable of generating >100 nmol mg protein−1and >170 nmol mg protein−1of superoxide anion respectively, likely due to the presence of advanced glycation endproducts in human lens proteins. This spontaneous generation of superoxide anion in vivo could account for a major portion of the oxidation of sulfur amino acids seen during aging and cataract formation.
A Venn diagram heuristic for working with co-occurring disorders and trauma

Co-occurring disorders and trauma are common among patients who present at substance abuse and mental health treatment centers and associated with a more complex course. The lack of a framework for understanding recovery from these chronic, complex, and inter-related conditions is a significant obstacle to clinicians and patients. The author describes a framework for understanding the unique and inter-related aspects of addiction, psychiatric illness, and trauma. The Venn diagram heuristic proposed in this article has been utilized by the author to aid the evaluation and treatment process in outpatient, residential treatment, and correctional settings over the past several years. The diagram provides a roadmap that is individualized based on the patient's biopsychosocial presentation of each disorder and the ways these disorders manifests themselves in the life of the patient. The roadmap provides visual reference points for the clinician to disseminate knowledge, explore etiology and factors that sustain...
Texture-based segmentation using Markov random field models

We describe segmentation based on textures using the label and image model of D. Geman et al. We replace their maximum a posteriori estimation criteria with a Bayesian estimator that minimizes the sum of the pixel misclassification probabilities. The new estimation goal allows the use of a different computational algorithm based on approximating lattices by trees. An example demonstrating an accurate segmentation of a collage of Brodatz textures is included.
Warm core ring velocities inferred from NSCAT

The NASA scatterometer, NSCAT, was designed to estimate from space the wind velocity relative to the ocean surface velocity. Assuming that the spatial scale of the meteorological forcing giving rise to the wind is large compared with the diameter of a warm core ring, it should be possible to obtain information about the currents in the ring from the demeaned scatterometer winds. To test this hypothesis, 14 NSCAT passes obtained within three days of clear AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature images showing a warm core ring were analyzed for evidence of circulation in the rings. The residual wind vectors for the 14 scatterometer passes were binned and averaged by radial distance from ring center. The mean azimuthal component of the speed compares well with ADCP data collected in one of the rings: a maximum of ≈ 0.89 m/s ≈ 50 km from ring center compared with 0.88 m/s and 1.0 m/s for the two ADCP transects, both also at 50 km from ring center.
Perception of humour banner advertising: a conceptual framework

Online advertising has become a very popular and cost effective communication tool for marketers. However, humour banner advertising has never received attention from the researchers. We develop a conceptual framework of how consumers perceive humour banner advertising. When online consumers are not actively looking for a product and exposed to banners involuntarily, they try to minimise their cognitive efforts and process peripheral cues of the advertising message rather than the message content. Thus, they form preliminary attitudes toward the banner and the advertised brand based on the favourability of peripheral cues. As humour represents a strong executional cue and is the perfect attention-grabbing tool with a low-involved audience, in general, humour banner advertising is likely to be more effective in an online environment than non-humour banner advertising. We also discuss how content relevance between an advertised brand and the website, an individual’s need for cognition and the type of consumer online behaviour moderate the effectiveness of humour banner advertising. An extensive literature review is used to identify the research findings that support our conceptual framework.
Regional-scale stable isotopic signatures of recharge and deep groundwater in the arsenic affected areas of West Bengal, India

Summary Samples of deep groundwater, river water and rainwater were collected for δ18O and δ2H analyses from an area of ∼22,000 km2 in the arsenic-affected districts of West Bengal, India, in order to examine groundwater recharge. A plot of δ18O versus δ2H of groundwater falls subparallel to the constructed local meteoric water line (δ2H = 7.2 δ18O + 7.7), suggesting a predominance of meteoric recharge with some evaporation. The stable isotopic signature of groundwater from the deeper part of the semiconfined main aquifer is similar to that of shallower groundwater, which suggests that deeper groundwater has been recharged in the present-day climatic regime, mostly from monsoonal rainfall. Groundwater in deeper isolated aquifers falls within the isotopic range observed for the main aquifer. A trend of isotopic depletion of groundwater that extends northward and westward from the Bay of Bengal (the monsoonal moisture source area) indicates a rain-out process following Rayleigh-type distillation. Some recharge may have taken place from the rivers Ganges and Bhagirathi-Hoogly, with minimal inflow from other rivers (Jalangi and Ichamati).
Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. VI. Blastic phase, cellular origin, and the Ph1 in CML

The cytogenetic, histologic, and pertinent clinical data on 107 cases of CML from our laboratory and those from the literature on the incidence of Ph1-negative cells in marrows of patients with Ph1-positive CML have been collected and summarized. In addition, the distribution of multiple Ph1-chromosomes in 5 cases of CML, with and without the blastic phase, has been described and discussed. The findings served as a basis for caution in utilizing the high incidence of Ph1-positive cells in the marrows of the preponderant number of patients with CML as support for the unicellular stem cell origin of such cells. The occurrence of Ph1-negative cells in significant percentages in some patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia indicates that several other hypotheses, including a multi-stem cell origin of marrow cells, are compatible with the observations in CML.