cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controllable smoke animation with guiding objects

This article addresses the problem of controlling the density and dynamics of smoke (a gas phenomenon) so that the synthetic appearance of the smoke (gas) resembles a still or moving object. Both the smoke region and the target object are represented as implicit functions. As a part of the target implicit function, a shape transformation is generated between an initial smoke region and the target object. In order to match the smoke surface with the target surface, we impose carefully designed velocity constraints on the smoke boundary during a dynamic fluid simulation. The velocity constraints are derived from an iterative functional minimization procedure for shape matching. The dynamics of the smoke is formulated using a novel compressible fluid model which can effectively absorb the discontinuities in the velocity field caused by imposed velocity constraints while reproducing realistic smoke appearances. As a result, a smoke region can evolve into a regular object and follow the motion of the object, while maintaining its smoke appearance.
Instructional Design Skills for Classroom Teachers.

ThisJID issue focuses on instructional design and the public schools. The present paper considers a curious paradox: Despite expressions of concern about the quality of instruction offered in schools, and despite the existence of considerable research and theory in the instructional design literature whichmight be of value for teachers, there seems to be a "gap" between the teacher education literature and the instructional design literature. Two major purposes of this paper are: (a) to consider the extent to which instructional design skills are relevant for teachers; and (b) to explore prospects and potential problems in helping teachers to learn and to use instructional design approaches and techniques. The paper summarizes ideas derived from the author’s research and teaching experiences with these topics during the past quarter century.
Resonating-valence-bond theory of phase transitions and superconductivity in La 2 CuO 4 -based compounds

We identify the mysterious high-T ``twitch'' transition in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ with the mean-field resonating-valence-bond transition of the Heisenberg model of Baskaran, Zou, and Anderson. The structure distortions are caused by Coulomb correlations of the pair wave function. In the pure compound the pseudo-Fermi surface of the spin soliton nests and antiferromagnetism occurs at 240 K. We discuss briefly superconductivity and the nature of excitations in the system.
The Effects of Sampling Errors on the EnKF Assimilation of Inner-Core Hurricane Observations

AbstractAtmospheric data assimilation methods that estimate flow-dependent forecast statistics from ensembles are sensitive to sampling errors. This sensitivity is investigated in the context of vortex-scale hurricane data assimilation by cycling an ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observations with a convection-permitting mesoscale model. In a set of numerical experiments, airborne Doppler radar observations are assimilated for Hurricane Katrina (2005) using an ensemble size that ranges from 30 to 300 members, and a varying degree of covariance inflation through relaxation to the prior. The range of ensemble sizes is shown to produce variations in posterior storm structure that persist for days in deterministic forecasts, with the most substantial differences appearing in the vortex outer-core wind and pressure fields. Ensembles with 60 or more members converge toward similar axisymmetric and asymmetric inner-core solutions by the end of the cycling, while producing qualitatively similar sample corre...
The radiation induced decomposition of potassium nitrate

Abstract Measurements of the heats of solution of irradiated KNO 3 indicate that a transition resembling a lambda transition is induced in the solid at about 1 mol per cent decomposition. It is believed that this transition can account for the sharp decrease in the decomposition yield which occurs at about 1 mol per cent decomposition. In addition evidence is presented which indicates that the mechanism for the decomposition is molecular rather than by means of free radicals or other reactive species.
Use of a faculty investment model to attain the goals of a college of nursing.

Abstract Driven by demands for fiscal prudence, new services, and an orderly transition as aging faculty approach retirement, a new model for administrative planning and decision making was tested. In its first year of using an investment model, a private, 600+ student, College of Nursing was able to achieve a labor savings of 10 percent, an enhancement of revenue of 3 percent, and a human capital pool equal to 12 percent of total full-time faculty equivalents. The model, which includes the integration of strategic planning, benchmarking, continuous quality improvement, and management by objectives, was accomplished by taking three investment steps. The steps included goal determination, market understanding, and resource allocation. Investment activity distribution and work determination frameworks were developed as a result of the commitment to the investment process. Suggestions for the future include the need to continue to reorient administrative and faculty thinking as definitions of the educational enterprise evolve. J Prof Nurs 17:74-80, 2001. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Acute myocardial infarction in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

A 61-year-old man with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) and an acute anteroseptal wall myocardial infarction is described. Hemodynamic study after recovery from the infarction revealed complete loss of the outflow tract obstruction, and a coronary arteriogram demonstated the left anterior descending artery to be occluded. Acute myocardial infarction, not previously described in DISS, must now be added to the clinical spectrum of this disorder.
Why Work Is Important, and How to Improve the Effectiveness of Correctional Reentry Programs that Target Employment

L et me begin by saying that I do not know much about signaling theory, as discussed in the lead article by Bushway and Apel (2012, this issue), but I do know a little about criminal behavior and the factors that are important in designing programs that lead to reductions in recidivism. In a recent piece I wrote for CPP (Latessa, 2011), I discussed the failure of employment programs to reduce recidivism significantly and some of the reasons for it. Rather than rehash those remarks, I have several additional points I want to make. First, work and employment is important for reentry and we should not ignore it simply because most studies have not shown employment programs to reduce recidivism. Second, the nature of risk factors is more complex than simply categorizing them into static and dynamic. There are different types of dynamic factors, and we can see this clearly when looking at employment. Third, if we truly want to incorporate employment into effective correctional programs, we need to employ techniques and approaches that have been found to be effective in changing behavior. I will start with the question of the importance of work.
Anatomy of Cloud Monitoring and Metering: A case study and open problems

Microservices based architecture has recently gained traction among the cloud service providers in quest for a more scalable and reliable modular architecture. In parallel with this architectural choice, cloud providers are also facing the market demand for fine grained usage based prices. Both the management of the microservices complex dependencies, as well as the fine grained metering require the providers to track and log detailed monitoring data from their deployed cloud setups. Hence, on one hand, the providers need to record all such performance changes and events, while on the other hand, they are concerned with the additional cost associated with the resources required to store and process this ever increasing amount of collected data.In this paper, we analyze the design of the monitoring subsystem provided by open source cloud solutions, such as OpenStack. Specifically, we analyze how the monitoring data is collected by OpenStack and assess the characteristics of the data it collects, aiming to pinpoint the limitations of the current approach and suggest alternate solutions. Our preliminary evaluation of the proposed solutions reveals that it is possible to reduce the monitored data size by up to 80% and missed anomaly detection rate from 3% to as low as 0.05% to 0.1%.
Grain boundary Kapitza resistance analysis of nanostructured FeSb2

Abstract We apply the effective medium approach model to determine the Kapitza resistance across the grain boundaries of nanostructured FeSb 2 samples. A Kapitza resistance of 2.17 × 10 −7 m 2 K W −1 at 10 K is observed. The results suggest a competition between the bulk thermal resistance and the Kapitza resistance. The suppression and peak shifting of the thermal conductivity to a higher temperature are caused by the large Kapitza resistance due to the decreasing grain-size in the nanocomposite. A large value of Kapitza length ( L k ) of 390 nm at 10 K is also observed. Based on the results, it is proposed that nanostructuring could be a viable approach to improve thermoelectric properties of FeSb 2 .
BCNU-sequestration by metallothioneins may contribute to resistance in a medulloblastoma cell line.

Resistance of neoplastic cells to the alkylating drug BCNU [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea] has been correlated with expression of O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, which repairs the O 6-chloroethylguanine produced by the drug. Other possible mechanisms of resistance include raised levels of glutathione or increased repair of the DNA interstrand cross-links formed by BCNU. Transcriptional profiling revealed the upregulation of several metallothionein (MT) genes in a BCNU-resistant medulloblastoma cell line [D341 MED (OBR)] relative to its parental line. Previous studies have shown that MTs, through their reactive thiol groups can quench nitrogen mustard-derived alkylating drugs. In this report, we evaluate whether MTs can also quench BCNU. To demonstrate the binding of BCNU to MT, we used an assay that measured the release of the MT-bound divalent cations (Zn2+, Cd2+) upon their displacement by the drug. We also measured the decomposition rates of BCNU at those reaction conditions. The rate of release of the cations was higher in pH 7.4 than at pH 7.0, which is likely a result of more rapid decomposition of BCNU (thus faster release of MT-binding intermediate) at pH 7.4 than at pH 7.0. We demonstrate that resistance to BCNU may be a result of elevated levels of MTs which act by sequestering the drug’s decomposition product(s).
Long‐term preservation of digital humanities scholarship

Purpose – To inform digital humanists about digital preservation metadata requirements and to inform digital librarians about the dynamic, multimedia content of digital humanities research and teaching resources that needs to be addressed by digital preservation initiatives.Design/methodology/approach – Literature‐based review of the issues.Findings – Tools to facilitate automatic and semi‐automatic capture, collection, and creation of digital preservation metadata are crucially needed to ensure long‐term preservation of digital humanities scholarship.Practical implications – Without tools to capture and create the majority of the metadata recommended to ensure long‐term preservation of and access to digital resources, the born‐digital multimedia resources created by humanities scholars are in danger of becoming unusable in the long term, nullifying years of scholarship and millions of dollars of investment by scholars, institutions, and funding organizations.Originality/value – Provides current informati...
High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of basic as well as acidic proteins

Abstract A previously described two-dimensional electrophoresis procedure (O'Farrell, 1975) combined isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecylsulfate slab gel electrophoresis to give high resolution of proteins with isoelectric points in the range of pH 4–7. This paper describes an alternate procedure for the first dimension which, unlike isoelectric focusing, resolves basic as well as acidic proteins. This method, referred to as nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE), involves a short time of electrophoresis toward the cathode and separates most proteins according to their isoelectric points. Ampholines of different pH ranges are used to optimize separation of proteins with different isoelectric points. The method is applied to the resolution of basic proteins with pH 7–10 Ampholines, and to the resolution of total cellular proteins with pH 3.5–10 Ampholines. Histones and ribosomal proteins can be readily resolved even though most have isoelectric points beyond the maximum pH attained in these gels. The separation obtained by NEPHGE with pH 3.5–10 Ampholines was compared to that obtained when isoelectric focusing was used in the first dimension. The protein spot size and resolution are similar (each method resolving more than 1000 proteins), but there is less resolution of acidic proteins in this NEPHGE gel due to compression of the pattern. On the other hand, NEPHGE gels extend the range of analysis to include the 15–30% of the proteins which are excluded from isoelectric focusing gels. The distribution of cell proteins according to isoelectric point and molecular weight for a procaryote (E. coli) was compared to that of a eucaryote (African green monkey kidney); the eucaryotic cell proteins are, on the average, larger and more basic.
Geographical variation in the mating system of the dusky pipefish (Syngnathus floridae)

Differences among populations in the intensity of sexual selection resulting from distinct genetic mating systems can lead to divergent morphological evolution and speciation. However, little is known about how genetic mating systems vary between populations and what factors may contribute to this variation. In this study, we compare the genetic mating systems of two geographically distinct populations of the dusky pipefish (Syngnathus floridae), a species characterized by polygynandry and male pregnancy, from the Atlantic Coast of Virginia and the Gulf Coast of Florida. Our results revealed significant interpopulation variation in mating and reproductive success. Estimates of the opportunity for selection (I), the opportunity for sexual selection (I(s)) and the Bateman gradient (beta(ss)) were higher among males in the Florida population than in the Virginia population, suggesting that sexual selection on males is stronger in the Florida population. The Virginia population is larger and denser than the Florida population, suggesting that population demographics may be one of many causal factors shaping interpopulational mating patterns. This study also provides evidence that the adult sex ratio, operational sex ratio, population density and genetic mating system of S. floridae may be temporally stable over timescales of a month in the Florida population. Overall, our results show that this species is a good model for the study of mating system variation in nature and that Bateman's principles may be a useful technique for the quantitative comparison of mating systems between populations.
Global Sensitivity Analysis for UNSATCHEM Simulations of Crop Production with Degraded Waters

One strategy for maintaining irrigated agricultural productivity in the face of diminishing resource availability is to make greater use of marginal quality waters and lands. A key to sustaining systems using degraded irrigation waters is salinity management. Advanced simulation models and decision support tools can aid in the design and management of water reuse systems, but at present model predictions and related management recommendations contain significant uncertainty. Sensitivity analyses can help characterize and reduce uncertainties by revealing which parameter variations or uncertainties have the greatest impact on model outputs. In this work, the elementary effects method was used to obtain global sensitivity analyses of UNSATCHEM seasonal simulations of forage corn ( Zea mays L.) production with differing irrigation rates and water compositions. Sensitivities were determined with respect to four model outcomes: crop yield, average root zone salinity, water leaching fraction, and salt leaching fraction. For a multiple-season, quasi-steady scenario, the sensitivity analysis found that overall the most important model parameters were the plant salt tolerance parameters, followed by the solute dispersivity. For a single-season scenario with irrigation scheduling based on soil water deficit, soil hydraulic parameters were the most important; the computed salt leaching fraction was also strongly affected by the initial ionic composition of the exchange phase because of its impact on mineral precipitation. In general, parameter sensitivities depend of the specifics of a given modeling scenario, and procedures for routine use of models for site-specific degraded irrigation water management should include site-specific uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The elementary effects method used in this work is a useful approach for obtaining parameter sensitivity information at relatively low computational cost.
Molecular approaches to identification of tissue contamination in surgical pathology sections.

The finding of possibly contaminant tissues or cells in surgical or cytology case material can be a challenging problem in diagnostic anatomical pathology samples. The reported rates of occurrence have ranged from 0 to 8.8% (including prospective and retrospective cases). A diagnostically dissimilar tissue fragment, whether contiguous with other tissue or among other fragments within a paraffin section, and which is not incompatible with the case tissue, often requires a rigorous investigation to confirm or deny its relevance to the case. Fluorescence in situhybridization using dual red and green DNA probes to regions of the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, were used in one case where the potential contaminant was suspected to have originated from a male patient. The putative contaminant tissue fragment was confirmed as male, with cells having one X and one Y chromosome, unlike the other tissue fragments on the slide with two X chromosomes. In a second case, DNA polymorphisms were used to compare allelic patterns that were informative not only in proving the extraneous tissue as a contaminant, but in addition, could be used to trace the latter to its original tissue source. The molecular tools of fluorescence in situ hybridization in sex-mismatched cases and of DNA microsatellite probes that are applicable to paraffin sections can provide definitive identifiers of tissues and individual cells. They are important adjuncts to histology for the anatomical pathologist when faced with the diagnostic problems of tissue contamination encountered in routine practice.
Organ-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases and the efficacy of herbicide safeners in Arabidopsis

The functions of plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) under normal growth conditions are poorly understood, but their activity as detoxification enzymes has been harnessed in agriculture for selective weed control. Herbicide safeners protect monocot crops from herbicide injury but have little effect on weedy monocot or dicot species. Protection by safeners is associated with expression of herbicide-metabolizing enzymes including GSTs, but the basis for selective action of safeners between monocots and dicots is not known. To address this question we have studied the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to various safeners. Benoxacor, fenclorim, and fluxofenim did not protect Arabidopsis from herbicide injury but did induce RNA expression of the glutathione-conjugate transporters encoded by AtMRP1, AtMRP2, AtMRP3, and AtMRP4. These safeners also induced the organ-specific expression of AtGSTU19 and AtGSTF2, two previously characterized Arabidopsis GSTs from different classes of this enzyme family. RNA hybridization, immunoblot, and reporter gene analyses indicated expression of AtGSTU19 induced by safeners predominated in roots. To test the hypothesis that increased expression of AtGSTU19 would be sufficient to provide tolerance to chloroacetamide herbicides, a chimeric gene was produced containing the open reading frame for this GST driven by a constitutive promoter. Plants containing this transgene had a modest increase in AtGSTU19 protein, predominantly in roots, but this had no effect on tolerance to chloroacetamide herbicides. The localized induction of GSTs by safeners in roots of Arabidopsis may explain why these compounds are unable to provide herbicide tolerance to dicot plant species.
Switching characteristics of poly bipolar circuits at liquid nitrogen temperature

Measured data are presented on performance of current mode logic (CML) ring oscillators at liquid nitrogen temperature. The devices and circuits were fabricated using double-poly bipolar technology. The experimental data are explained using the hybrid- pi model. CML ring oscillators were fabricated using 1.0 mu m design rules. The measured delay at LN/sub 2/ increased by a factor of 2.3 compared to that at room temperature. The increase in delay is explained by the temperature behavior of the base and load resistors. >
Adaptive Reliable Multi-Path Provisioning in WDM Mesh Networks

We investigate the problem of adaptive reliable multipath provisioning in next-generation backbone mesh networks employing optical wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and channelization techniques such as SONET/SDH, and supporting virtual concatenation (VCAT). With VCAT, a connection request can be split, diversely routed, and inversely multiplexed on to multiple paths, a feature that has many advantages over conventional single-path provisioning, such as improved reliability, load balancing, etc. However, these diversely routed traffic components are subject to the differential delay constraints (DDC), which could be limited by the destination node's delay-compensation capability, network operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P), or connection quality-of-service (QoS). We introduce a new notation M : N (m) for multipath provisioning where a service path for a connection is set up with M primary paths and N backup paths, where each path may have a fraction of the bandwidth of the connection, and (m) in this notation denotes "multipath'. We present the flexibility and benefits of multipath provisioning and develop an analytical model to analyze the connection availability under M : N (m) provisioning schemes. We propose two types of bandwidth migration methods, which can be implemented by link- capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) protocol of next-generation SONET/SDH, to optimize resource usage. We develop two adaptive heuristic algorithms to provision a connection subject to DDC while satisfying its service-level agreement (SLA). We show that, for end-to-end connection-availability-guaranteed service, multi- path provisioning can achieve better network performance than traditional single-path provisioning. With bandwidth migration, we can further improve the performance.
Selective disruption of "late onset" sagittal banding patterns by ectopic expression of engrailed-2 in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

To explore the role of Engrailed proteins in development of the cerebellum, Engrailed-2 (En-2) was ectopically expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells from the late embryonic stage into adulthood. The fundamental organization of Purkinje cell sagittal zones as revealed by the “early onset” markers L7-β-gal and cadherin-8 was found to be virtually identical to that in wild type. In contrast, “late onset” sagittal banding patterns revealed by Purkinje cell markers zebrin I, zebrin II, and 9- O -acetyl G D3 Ganglioside (P-Path), and the granule cell marker NADPH-diaphorase, were disrupted. In general, although some evidence of banding was still detectable, boundaries defined by the latter markers were poorly defined, and the patterns overall took on a diffuse appearance. In parallel with the changes in late onset markers, anterograde tracing of spinocerebellar axons revealed a general diffusion of the mossy fiber projection pattern in lobule VIII and the anterior lobe. These observations suggest that at least two separate mediolateral boundary systems exist in the cerebellum, and these are differentially affected by ectopic En-2 expression. Alternatively, one boundary system exists that remains primarily intact in the mutant, but recognition of this system by a set of late developmental events is perturbed.
Evaluation of SiC MOSFETs for a high efficiency three-phase buck rectifier

This paper presents the characteristics of a 1200 V, 33 A SiC MOSFET and a 1200 V, 60 A SiC schottky barrier diode (SBD). The switching characteristics of the devices are tested by a double pulse test (DPT) based on a current-source structure at voltage levels up to 680 V and current up to 20 A. In addition, based on these devices, a 7.5 kW, three-phase buck rectifier for a 400 V dc architecture data center power supply is designed. The total loss of this rectifier is calculated full load. The results show that the SiC based buck rectifier can obtain low power loss and smaller weight and volume than a Si based rectifier.
Genetic diversity of the narrow endemic Astragalus oniciformis (Fabaceae).

Genetic diversity of the narrow endemic… Published version can be found at American Journal of Botany: http://www.amjbot.org/content/vol91/issue12/
On the Korteweg-de Vries equation for a gradually varying channel

Two integral invariants of Shuto's (1974) generalization of the Korteweg—de Vries equation for a unidirectional wave in a channel of gradually varying breadth b and depth d are derived. The second-order (in amplitude) invariant measures energy, as expected, but the first-order invariant measures mass divided by b½d¼; accordingly, mass is conserved only if either the mean free-surface displacement vanishes or bd½ is constant. This difficulty is associated with the reflected wave that is excited by the channel variation but neglected in the KdV approximation. The total mass flux is resolved into a primary (KdV) flux and a residual flux that is proportional to the mean displacement of the primary wave. The reflected wave associated with the residual flux is constructed by neglecting both nonlinearity and dispersion (even though both are significant for the primary wave). The results are applied to a slowly varying cnoidal wave, which is fully determined by conservation of mass and energy and the known results for a uniform channel, and to a slowly varying solitary wave, for which mass is not conserved and both trailing and reflected residuals are excited. The development of the Boussinesq equations for a gradually varying channel and their reduction to Shuto's equation are sketched in an appendix.
Swarm herding using a region holding sliding mode controller

We introduce a control logic which allows a group of autonomous ‘pursuers’ to herd a single, non-hostile ‘evader’ along a desired trajectory. They achieve this with a general knowledge of the repulsion scheme on the evader and utilizing a feedback control, based on the evader state and the known desired trajectory of the evader. The quasi-decentralized control of the pursuers is a version of a region holding sliding mode controller (SMC). The novelty of this work lies in the decentralized distribution of pursuers within a desired region whose boundaries are maintained utilizing the robust properties of SMC. The dynamic pursuer distribution repels the evader with a desired force which reduces its tracking error. Illustrative examples are studied for validation.
Shoebox: mixing storage and display of digital images in the home

This paper describes the rationale and design process for Shoebox, a "digital box" that combines the storage and display of digital images in the home in one unit. By combining these two functions in one, Shoebox attempts to bridge the divide between the location within a home where digital content is typically stored, and the means by which it can be put on display, as well as provide a form factor that encourages co-located sharing of images.
Serpiginous Lung Densities

A 46-year-old Puerto Rican woman was admitted for evaluation of an abnormality noted on routine chest roentgenogram. She gave a history of recent dyspnea on exertion, but had had no cardiac or pulmonary disease. There was a 40 to 60 pack-year history of cigarette smoking. Except for bibasilar rales, physical examination was normal. All routine laboratory data, including electrocardiogram, gave normal findings. Arterial blood gas studies on room air were pH 7.40, Po2 72 mm Hg, and Pco2 35 mm Hg. Pulmonary function tests were consistent with moderate obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest roentgenograms in the PA and lateral projections are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Mathematical modeling of catalytic converter lightoff: Single-pellet studies

A detailed mathematical model of a single catalyst pellet has been developed to describe its behavior under transient conditions encountered during the warmup period of automobile exhaust catalytic converters. In contrast to the converter models previously reported in the literature, this model is capable of describing the time-dependent behavior of a composite catalyst pellet, and thus provides a convenient means of examining the effects of poison penetration and various noble metal impregnation strategies in the activity-time (rather than activity-temperature) domain. Extensive calculations were carried out to investigate the effects of various catalyst design parameters and converter operating conditions on the lightoff behavior of a spherical, platinum-alumina catalyst pellet. Due to the complex kinetics of the CO and hydrocarbon oxidation reactions, catalyst lightoff was found to exhibit interesting behavior with respect to variations of the system's design parameters and operating conditions. Graphs are presented to illustrate the parameteric sensitivity of these effects.
Knowledge representation and language in AI

Knowledge representation reasoning language and reasoning changing representations large scale models representation, reason and language.
Spatial attention and interhemispheric visuomotor integration in the absence of the corpus callosum

In the lateralized simple reaction time (SRT) task with unimanual responses (Poffenberger paradigm), reaction times (RTs) are faster with ipsilateral (uncrossed) than with contralateral (crossed) response hand-target hemifield combinations. The difference between crossed and uncrossed responses (CUD) has typically been interpreted to reflect callosal transfer time. Indeed, acallosal subjects and split-brain subjects have longer CUDs than control subjects. However, a few recent studies have demonstrated that, contrary to classical findings, the CUD is also affected by non-anatomical factors. Here we show that the CUD is also affected by non-anatomical factors in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum and complete commissurotomy where interhemispheric transfer must be subcallosal. We tested acallosal subject M.M. and split brain patient A.A. on a lateralized SRT task with their arms alternately uncrossed (natural arms position) or crossed (unnatural arms position) across blocks of trials. The results revealed a significant effect of arms crossing on the size and direction of the CUD as previously found in normal subjects [Mooshagian, E., Iacoboni, M., & Zaidel, E. (2008). The role of task history in simple reaction time to lateralized light flashes. Neuropsychologia, 46(2), 659-664]. This suggests that non-anatomical factors that modulate interhemispheric visuomotor integration may occur in absence of the corpus callosum. Anterior commissure and interhemispheric cortico-subcortical pathways are likely implicated in these effects.
Design of an autoland controller for a carrier-based F-14 aircraft using H/sub /spl infin// output-feedback synthesis

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a design effort to improve F-14 carrier landing performance by the incorporation of the direct lift control into the aircraft's control system. This was done using a new design methodology whereby typical SISO design specifications were translated into the weighting functions of an H/sub /spl infin// output-feedback synthesis problem. Finally, a technique is presented for the simplification of the structured uncertainty model for the air vehicles.
Low-complexity algorithms for event detection in wireless sensor networks

To ensure that a multi-hop cluster of batterypowered, wireless sensor motes can complete all of its tasks, each task must minimize its use of communication and processing resources. For event detection tasks that are subject to both measurement errors by sensors and communication errors in the wireless channel, this implies that: (i) the Cluster-Head (CH) must optimally fuse the decisions received from its cluster in order to reduce the effect of measurement errors; (ii) the CH and all motes that relay other motes' decisions must adopt lowcomplexity processing and coding algorithms that minimize the effects of communication errors. This paper combines a Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) approach for local and global decisions in multi-hop sensor networks with low-complexity repetition codes and processing algorithms. It is shown by analysis and confirmed by simulation that there exists an odd integer M and an integer KM such the decision error probability at the CH is reduced when: (1) nodes in rings k ≤ KM hops from the CH directly relay their decisions to the CH; (2) nodes in rings k > KM locally fuse groups of M decisions and then use a repetition code to forward these fused decisions to the CH; and (3) KM is a nondecreasing function of M. This algorithm - and hybrid, hierarchical, and compression approaches based on it - enable tradeoffs amongst the probability of error, energy usage, compression ratio, complexity, and time to decision.
Work in progress - a provisional competency assessment system

Over the last two years Olin College has been defining and implementing a provisional system to develop and assess student competency levels. The system particularly emphasizes the importance of creating a community of practice that includes not only faculty but also staff and students. In this paper we provide an overview of the design process, and comment on the results of our first year of implementing the system
Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions

As the first comparative study of religious terror groups, the article provides detailed analyses of the different doctrines and methods of the three best-known groups: the Thugs, Assassins, and Zealots-Sicarii. Despite a primitive technology, each developed much more durable and destructive organizations than has any modern secular group.The differences among the groups reflect the distinguishing characteristics of their respective originating religious communities: Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism. The distinctive characteristics of religious terror are discussed, and relationships between religious and secular forms of terror are suggested.
Racial Identity, Media Use, and the Social Construction of Risk among African Americans

Despite the conflict and turmoil we have observed among media scholars who have been concerned with discovering the nature of media effects, there are very few among us who would deny that media help to shape the ways in which we understand the world (Hagen & Wasko, 2000; Livingstone, 1998). Our present uncertainty regarding the precise role that media play in this process exists in large part because we have become less parochial in our views about causation. We have chosen, or have been forced to expand, the number and variety of individual and contextual factors that we believe play an important role in shaping or moderating the ways in which media content comes to be processed, stored, and put to routine use (Renckstorf, 1996). Among the more important influences we have identified are those associated with our identities as members of groups. Of course, our identity as a member of a group defined primarily by race or ethnicity is just one component of an extremely complex identity structure (Frable, 1997; Jaret & Reitzes, 1999). The salience or centrality of racial identity varies across individuals, groups, contexts, and moments in time (Cornell & Hartmann, 1998). Managing this complexity in an effort to understand the nature of media influence is a daunting challenge. This article is an attempt to engage this complexity.
Fundamental Requirements for Primary Visual Perception

A novel perspective for the necessary and sufficient conditions for primary visual perception is proposed based upon relating recent discoveries from the visual sciences to relevant foundational neurological observations. This analysis suggests that a fundamental requirement for the emergence of normal primary visual perception is the coupling between the early visual cortices in the occipital lobe subserving image content with specific areas in the parietal lobe subserving selective attention, representations of extrapersonal space, the body schema, and the initiation of perceptual ownership. Fully intact primary visual perception, which includes the normal placement of image content within extrapersonal space, seems to require at each instant a mutually consistent completeness and corresponding removal of ambiguities in each of the linked neural representations subserving image, space and self. Experimental approaches that could either invalidate or strengthen the proposed framework are suggested as well as opportunities to differentiate some aspects of normal primary visual perception from the severely compromised visual experience that survives bilateral parieto-occipital lesions (Balint's syndrome) when visual experience may persist for single but unlocalizable objects.
Hyperspectral applications in the global transportation infrastructure

Hyperspectral remote sensing is an emerging field with potential applications in the observation, management, and maintenance of the global transportation infrastructure. This study introduces a general analytical framework to link transportation systems analysis and hyperspectral analysis. The authors introduce a range of applications that would benefit from the capabilities of hyperspectral remote sensing. They selected three critical but unrelated applications and identified both the spatial and spectral information of their key operational characteristics to demonstrate the hyperspectral utility. The specific scenario studies exemplifies the general approach of utilizing the outputs of hyperspectral analysis to improve models that practitioners currently use to analyze a variety of transportation problems including roadway congestion forecasting, railway condition monitoring, and pipeline risk management.
Performance of MIMO enhanced spatial modulation under imperfect channel information

Enhanced Spatial Modulation (ESM) is a novel wireless scheme that uses combinations of antenna indexes and constellation types to increase the throughput compared to standard Spatial Modulation. We analyze the performance of ESM in 2×4 and 4×4 MIMO systems under imperfect channel information for uncorrelated and correlated Rayleigh and Rician fading. The performance of ESM is compared to Spatial Modulation (SM) and Multiple Active-Spatial Modulation (MA-SM) systems. We find ESM to be marginally superior to SM in most cases while performing worse than MA-SM in cases other than Rayleigh fading. Additionally, ESM exhibits improved tolerance to channel information errors.
Strange Career Critics: Long May They Persevere

Without the persistent attention of critics over the thirty-four years since its publication, The Strange Career ofJim Crow would have long since been forgotten. Lacking the demands for correction made by the flaws they discovered and the new findings they brought forth, I should have been hard put to justify the numerous revisions and new editions that have periodically helped revive interest in the subject. All along, of course, it has been the subject, rather than the book on the subject, that has explained the protracted attention and interest. I am nevertheless profoundly indebted to the critics for keeping the book alive along with the subject. I very much hope they will persevere. I promise to return to questions raised by some of the more recent critics.1 First, however, I should like to enter the fray myself. If the best defense is offense, perhaps the analogous strategy for criticism is self-criticism. At any rate, I have a good bit of self-criticism bottled up that might be offered here on that theory. Some of it may answer or duplicate, and some may forestall, the criticisms of others, but I hope none of it will discourage or slow the continued flow of criticism. Briefly stated, my main point is that work on this subject got started off on the wrong foot and that I bear heavy responsibility for the mischief. I am referring particularly to the question of racial segregation and its origins. What I did was to put the question when before the questions where and how, giving to time priority over circumstance and placing the chronology before the sociology and demography of the subject. I understand why I placed the issue of chronology foremost when I did. I believed then, and still do, that this ordering of priorities served a necessary and essential purpose. The fact remains that the approach did the historiography of the subject a disservice by giving it a wrong direction at the start. I should have been persuaded to make these admissions earlier by the nature of evidence presented in other contributions to the controversy, notably those of Leon F Litwack, Richard C. Wade, Ira Berlin, and Howard N. Rabinowitz. Each of them
Observation of 2D Fermionic Mott Insulators of K 40 with Single-Site Resolution

The Mott-insulating, band-insulting, and metallic states of the 2D Hubbard model can be created in an ultracold gas of ${}^{40}$K trapped in an optical lattice.
Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pH1N1-induced refractory hypoxemia in a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Objective To report the first successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to 2009 pH1N1 influenza A infection in a child status post the Fontan operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Design Individual case report. Setting Pediatric intensive care unit. Patient We describe a 7-yr-old boy with a history of the Fontan operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to 2009 pH1N1 influenza A infection. Intervention Cannulation for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Measurements and main results In this patient with a history of complex congenital heart disease and repair, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was a successful rescue therapy for refractory pH1N1-induced respiratory failure. Conclusion Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be successfully applied for refractory respiratory failure, even in the setting of significant underlying comorbidity. With emerging data to support the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in improving mortality for refractory hypoxemia secondary to pH1N1, it is prudent to strongly consider the use of extracorporeal support in patients with underlying diseases or comorbidities that may have previously precluded them from being candidates for this therapy.
Between Martyrdom and Collaboration: A Book Review Article

Religion and Atheism in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, edited by Bohdan R. Bociurkiw and John W. Strong,1 is a very important work containing essays which on the whole are of unusually high academic quality. The volume, conceived at an international symposium at Carleton University, Ottawa, in 1971, explores from the perspective of several disciplines the post-World War II religious situation in Eastern Europe. There are four parts to the volume: two articles on communism and religion from the Christian and Marxist points of view, seven articles on religion in the U.S.S.R., two transnational surveys of Catholicism and Judaism, and nine essays covering some aspect of religion in each of the Eastern European countries other than the U.S.S.R. The work is truly outstanding in its field and is an indis pensable resource for the complex issues examined. It is impos sible to do full justice to the impressive scholarship and insights disclosed. The limitations of the volume are imposed primarily by the vastness of the problems encountered, the dynamic changes occurring, and the difficulties involved in attempting to transcend one's own ideological context and ascertaining the facts within another system. Sir John Lawrence states in the introduction that a "critical gap in the evidence leads some outside observers to imagine a sharper polarisation between 'col laborating' state Churches and 'underground' Churches than really exists" (p. xi). The European secretary of the Lutheran World Federation, Dr. Paul Hansen, in his 1976 annual report addresses himself forcefully to the Western missionary organiza tions that convey the impression that the "true Christian life" is
Method and Prediction of Transition Velocities in a Circulating Fluidized Bed's Riser

A series of experiments were conducted using four different particles (812 μm cork, 60 μm glass beads, 180 μm glass beads, and 750 μm phosphorescent polyethylene beads) in a 0.3 m diameter circulating fluidized bed (CFB) cold model to evaluate the transitional velocities for different transport flow regimes. Transitional velocities were obtained by measuring the time required to empty out all solids from the riser of the CFB after cutting off solids flow under various gas velocities after attaining maximum solids loading. This method has been shown to involve less influence of the operating conditions such as solid inventory, solid flow rate, and solids feeding system and provide the limiting responses for the specific geometric configuration tested. Correlations were developed to predict these transitional velocities in terms of gas and solids properties in NETL's cold flow test facility. Drag coefficients were then determined using force balance at each of these transitions. The resulting expressions for the transitions were compared with the literature and the best available expressions to assess their validity and test their range of applicability. It is concluded that the transient method allows researchers to identify transition velocities between transport regimes based upon dynamic riser response and apparent gas-solids drag and can thus readily identify the potential for rapid buildup of solids inventory in the riser.
Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse Review: Putting It all Together, 1st Edition

Edited by Scott DeBoer, RN, MSN, CEN, CPEN, CCRN, CFRNDyer, IN: Peds-R-Us Medical Education, LLC, 2009, 417 pages, $39.95 (softcover)In this busy world it seems that there is not enough time to do ...
Polyimide Considerations in Thin-Film Electronic Packaging

Free-standing polyimide film is used extensively in tape automated bonding (TAB) and flexible printed circuit (Flex) applications because of its excellent chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Kapton polyimide film has been the material of choice for many years. Recently, a new polyimide film, Upilex, has been introduced into the marketplace. The primary property differences between Kapton and Upilex result from differences in the chemical composition of each film. A review of property/product performance indicates that Upilex S is preferred with respect to dimensional stability, metal/polyimide and adhesive/polyimide adhesion, chemical inertness and glass transition temperature.