cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The good, the bad, and the algae: Perceiving ecosystem services and disservices generated by zebra and quagga mussels

Dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels are widely recognized as having strong, adverse ecological and economic impacts, e.g., biofouling and loss of water column primary production. We assessed perceptions and values associated with two less often considered ecological outcomes of dreissenid mussel influences on coastal ecosystems along Lake Ontario and the western St. Lawrence River in New York State. One, the generation of water clarity through filtration, we define as an ecosystem service; the other, the production of large amounts of nuisance algae (e.g., Cladophora and Microcystis) is defined as an ecosystem disservice. Surveys of business owners and homeowners quantified their preferences and the formation of values regarding these products of zebra mussel influence. Water clarity increased greatly, particularly in the eastern portion of Lake Ontario, and algal problems increased throughout. Businesses attributed increases and decreases in revenues associated with water clarity and algae; homeowners reported analogous changes in property values. Water clarity was positively associated, and algae negatively associated, with changes in revenues and property values. Threshold responses of costs as functions of filamentous algae were evident. Given the likely continued influx of invasive species due to human activities, further development of the ecosystem service concept should consider potential “goods” and “bads” of invasives and their influence on ecosystem and social system resiliency.
Coupled optical and electronic simulations of electrically pumped photonic-crystal-based LEDs

We use coupled optical and electronic simulations to investigate design tradeoffs in electrically pumped photonic crystal light emitting diodes. A finite-difference frequency-domain electromagnetic solver is used to calculate the spontaneous emission enhancement factor and the extraction efficiency as a function of frequency and of position of the emitting source. The calculated enhancement factor is fed into an electronic simulator, which solves the coupled continuity equations for electrons and holes and Poisson's equation. We simulate a two-dimensional structure consisting of a photonic-crystal slab with a single-defect cavity, and investigate different pumping configurations for such a cavity.
Role of Agrobacterium virB Genes in Transfer of T Complexes and RSF1010

Nonpolar virB mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were tested for RSF1010 mobilization and extracellular complementation. virB2 to virB11 were essential for transfer in both assays. virB1 was essential only for high frequency transfer of RSF1010 and VirE2. Coordinated transfer of a preassembled T complex is supported by these data and competition studies.
Long‐term impact of respiratory viral infection after pediatric lung transplantation

Liu M, Mallory GB, Schecter MG, Worley S, Arrigain S, Robertson J, Elidemir O, Danziger-Isakov LA. Long-term impact of respiratory viral infection after pediatric lung transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:431–436. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: To evaluate the epidemiology and to investigate the impact of RVI on chronic allograft rejection after pediatric lung transplantation, a retrospective study of pediatric lung transplant recipients from 2002 to 2007 was conducted. Association between RVI and continuous and categorical risk factors was assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Fisher’s exact tests, respectively. Association between risk factors and outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Fifty-five subjects were followed for a mean of 674 days (range 14–1790). Twenty-eight (51%) developed 51 RVI at a median of 144 days post-transplant (mean 246; range 1–1276); 41% of infections were diagnosed within 90 days. Twenty-five subjects developed 39 LRI, and eight subjects had 11 URI. Organisms recovered included rhinovirus (n = 14), adenovirus (n = 10), parainfluenza (n = 10), influenza (n = 5), and RSV (n = 4). Three subjects expired secondary to their RVI (two adenovirus, one RSV). Younger age and prior CMV infection were risks for RVI (HR 2.4 95% CI 1.1–5.3 and 17.0; 3.0–96.2, respectively). RVI was not associated with the development of chronic allograft rejection (p = 0.25) or death during the study period. RVI occurs in the majority of pediatric lung transplant recipients, but was not associated with mortality or chronic allograft rejection.
Basal forebrain neuronal inhibition enables rapid behavioral stopping

Cognitive inhibitory control, the ability to rapidly suppress responses inappropriate for the context, is essential for flexible and adaptive behavior. Although most studies on inhibitory control have focused on the fronto-basal-ganglia circuit, we found that rapid behavioral stopping is enabled by neuronal inhibition in the basal forebrain (BF). In rats performing the stop signal task, putative noncholinergic BF neurons with phasic bursting responses to the go signal were nearly completely inhibited by the stop signal. The onset of BF neuronal inhibition was tightly coupled with and temporally preceded the latency to stop, the stop signal reaction time. Artificial inhibition of BF activity in the absence of the stop signal was sufficient to reproduce rapid behavioral stopping. These results reveal a previously unknown subcortical mechanism of rapid inhibitory control by the BF, which provides bidirectional control over the speed of response generation and inhibition.
Mechanistic Insights into Nickel-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations

A nickel-catalyzed cycloisomerization coupling an allylic alcohol with an alkyne has been developed. Mechanistic insights gained through deuterium-labeling crossover studies and stereochemical prob...
Mo2(O2CPh)6(PEt3)2, the second example of bridging Y11-02CR for dimolybdenum (III) compounds

From the reaction or Mo2Cl6(THF)3 with excess of NaO2CPh and PEt3 in THF three types of crystals have been obtained and recrystallized in CH2Cl2. They are brown compound Mo2(O2CPh)6(PEt3)2·2CH2Cl2 (1), yellowβ-Mo2(O2CPb)4 (2), and black Mo4O6(O2CPh)6(PEt3)2.CH2Cl2 (3). When a strict ratio of MO2Cl6(THF)3:NaO2CPh = 1:2 was applied, Mo2(O2CPh)4(THF)2, (4) was the only compound separated from the THF reaction mixture. Their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. There are three coordination modes of benzoate in 1: bridgingη2-O2CPh, bridgingη1-O2CPh and terminal O2CPh groups. Compound 2 is chemically well known, but was found to pack differently from the previously reported structure. Mo4O6(O2CPh)6(PEt3)2·CH2C12 (3) is a mixed-valence Mo (IV, V) tetranuclear compound in a butterfly arrangement. A molecule of 4 is actually a MO2(O2CPh)4 molecule with two THIF molecules axially coordinating to the molybdenum atoms. The crystallographic data for these compounds are as follows: 1, triclinicPl witha = 11.612(3) A, b = 11.970(2) A,c=12.135(3) A,α=95.55(2)°,β=117.51(2)°,γ98.84(2)°,V=l450.8(7) A3,Z=1,R=0.0673, and Rw,=0.0936; 2, monoclinicP21/n witha = 14,437(2) A,b=5.6168(7) A,c=15.979(3) A,β=93,93(l)°,V=1292.7(4) A3,Z=2,R=0.0217, and Rw=0.0352; 3, trigonal (hexagonal setting)R3¯ witha=28.83(4) A,c=44.98(2) A,V=323570(10) A3,Z=18,R=0.067, andwR2=0203; 4 monoclinicP21/c witha=9.456(4) A,b=17.757(8) A,c=10.887(3) A,β=109.63(2)°,V=1722(2)A3Z=2,R=0.0330, andRw = 0.0451.
Vascular Steal Syndrome, Optic Neuropathy, and Foreign Body Granuloma Reaction to Onyx-18 Embolization for Congenital Orbito-Facial Vascular Malformation

A 34-year-old patient presented with a right orbito-facial mass since childhood, consistent with a congenital arteriovenous (AV) malformation. Prior to presentation, she had multiple incomplete surgical resections and embolizations with N-butyl acetyl acrylate and Onyx-18. The patient reported gradual, progressive vision loss shortly after Onyx-18 embolization. Five months after embolization, she presented with decreased vision, disfigurement and mechanical ptosis relating to a large subcutaneous mass affecting the medial right upper eyelid and forehead. Significant exam findings included a visual acuity of 20/400 (20/60 prior to embolization), an afferent pupillary defect, and optic disc pallor. MRI and angiography revealed a persistent AV malformation with feeders from the ophthalmic artery and an absent choroidal flush to the right eye. Pathology from surgical resection showed a significant foreign body giant cell reaction to the embolization material adjacent to the vessels. We suggest that an incomplete embolization with Onyx-18 may have caused vascular steal syndrome from the ophthalmic artery.
Effect of Marisa cornuarietis on populations of Biomphalaria glabrata in farm ponds of Puerto Rico.

A biological control method is reported, utilizing an ampullarid snail, Marisa cornuarietis, to eliminate Biomphalaria glabrata, the molluscan host of Schistosoma mansoni. The limitations and economics of this method required further clarification. This study was conducted in nine small reservoirs in Puerto Rico to establish the probability of success of the method under various loading rates and vegetation conditions. Adult Marisa cornuarietis were transplanted from natural habitats into 7 of 9 study ponds, all of which contained stable populations of the planorbid snails. The snail populations were monitored for almost 2 years after the initial loading with Marisa. Although the planorbid snail populations remained strong in the untreated ponds, they were controlled in two of the treated ponds, and significantly reduced in three others. In the remaining two treated ponds there was no significant decrease in the Biomphalaria glabrata populations. There was a close correlation between the success of the method and the amount of vegetation in the ponds. In the two ponds where the planorbid snails were controlled, there was very little vegetation. In the two ponds where the planorbids were not affected, the surfaces of the ponds were completely covered with vegetation. There was no correlation between the success of the biological control method and the rate at which the Marisa cornuarietis were added to the ponds. The average loading rate for all seven ponds was two Marisa cornuarietis per m2 of pond surface.
INDEPENDENCE-CONFORMITY BEHAVIOR AS A FUNCTION OF INTELLECT: BRIGHT AND DULL CHILDREN.

A simplified version of Crutchfield's experimental procedure was used for assessing conformity to peer-group pressure among children. In general, the data indicate that there is an inverse relationship between level of intelligence and amount of conformity. More detailed analysis suggests that bright and dull children may approach the same task with different perceptual and goal orientations.
A Bayesian network model for resilience-based supplier selection

Abstract Supplier selection is an important strategic decision in the context of supply chain management. Existing literature on the subject of supplier selection is focused on evaluating primary (e.g., cost, quality, lead time) and green (e.g., CO2 emission, environmental practices) criteria. However, the concept of supplier resilience has recently emerged due to advent of competitive and global supply chains (and the operational and disruptive risks to which they are exposed). Several resilience-based supplier selection criteria are developed with respect to absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities. This paper further proposes a Bayesian network (BN), a paradigm that effectively models the causal relationships among variables but that has not been used in the context of supplier evaluation and selection, to quantify the appropriateness of suppliers across primary, green, and resilience criteria. Some benefits of the BN paradigm, including an ability to handle expert evidence and to perform sensitivity and propagation analyses, are demonstrated with an initial illustrative example of three suppliers.
Metabolism of apolipoprotein B-100 in a kindred with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia without a truncated form of apoB

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) exists in three forms: a) FHBL genetically linked to truncated forms of apolipoprotein B (apoB); b) FHBL linked to the apoB gene but with no apoB truncations; and c) FHBL not linked to the apoB gene. Mean production rate (PR) of apoB-100 in FHBL subjects heterozygous for apoB truncations is approximately 30% of normal. In a 49-member D-kindred (FHBL phenotype defined as apoB
Effects of Specimen Collection Methodologies and Storage Conditions on the Short-Term Stability of Oral Microbiome Taxonomy

Community profiling of the oral microbiome requires the recovery of quality sequences in order to accurately describe microbial community structure and composition. Our objective was to assess the effects of specimen collection method, storage medium, and storage conditions on the relative abundance of taxa in saliva and plaque identified using 16S rRNA genes. We also assessed short-term changes in taxon composition and relative abundance and compared the salivary and dental plaque communities in children and adults. Over a 2-week period, four successive saliva and dental plaque specimens were collected from four adults with no dental decay (108 samples), and two successive specimens were collected from six children with four or more erupted teeth (48 samples). There were minimal differences in community composition at the phylum and operational taxonomic unit levels between dental plaque collection using a scaler and collection using a CytoSoft brush. Plaque samples stored in OMNIgene medium showed higher within-sample Shannon diversity, were compositionally different, and were more similar to each other than plaque stored in liquid dental transport medium. Saliva samples stored in OMNIgene recovered similar communities for at least a week following storage at room temperature. However, the microbial communities recovered from plaque and saliva stored in OMNIgene were significantly different in composition from their counterparts stored in liquid dental transport medium. Dental plaque communities collected from the same tooth type over four successive visits from the same adult did not significantly differ in structure or composition. Importance Large-scale epidemiologic studies require collection over time and space, often with multiple teams collecting, storing, and processing data. Therefore, it is essential to understand how sensitive study results are to modest changes in collection and storage protocols that may occur with variation in personnel, resources available at a study site, and shipping requirements. The research presented in this paper measures the effects of multiple storage parameters and collection methodologies on the measured ecology of the oral microbiome from healthy adults and children. These results will potentially enable investigators to conduct oral microbiome studies at maximal efficiency by guiding informed administrative decisions pertaining to the necessary field or clinical work.
Relative Load Prediction by Velocity and the OMNI-RES 0–10 Scale in Parallel Squat

This study analyzed the possibility of using movement velocity and the rate of perceived exertion as predictors of relative load in the parallel squat (PSQ) exercise. To determine the full load-velocity and load-rate of perceived exertion relationships, 290 young, resistance-trained athletes (209 males and 81 females) performed a progressive strength test up to the 1 repetition maximum. Longitudinal regression models were used to predict the relative load from the average velocity (AV) and the OMNI-RES 0-10 scale, considering sets as the time-related variable. Two adjusted predictive equations were developed from the association between the relative load and the AV or the rate of perceived exertion expressed after performing several sets of 1-3 repetitions during the progressive test. The resulting 2 models were capable of estimating the relative load with an accuracy of 79 and 86% for the AV (relative load [% 1 repetition maximum, RM] = 120.15-83.54 [AV]) and the exertion (relative load [% 1RM] = 5.07 + 9.63 [rate of perceived exertion]), respectively. The strong association between relative load with AV and the rate of perceived exertion supports the use of both predictive variables to estimate strength performance in PSQ.
Fucking Poetry! A música na obra de Lois Pereiro

This essay is based upon the musical references in Lois Pereiro’s work. We want to study the relevance of music, especially rock music, in the life and work of the poet from Monforte. Thus, we find the dialogues, the intertextual plays, the memories, the borrowing of titles, and so forth.
Towards a sustainable cyber-physical energy system design

The concept of energy sustainability has been recently introduced in complex cyber-physical systems innovation studies. Previous empirical studies have only focused on the coordination of systems in a large system, but less research has been done on energy efficiency and management towards sustainability. We argue that in terms of energy consumption, a system comprising variety of technologies and applications should be energy sustainable. Hence, we focus on a framework of energy demand in a complex-robotic environment. As a preliminary study, we propose a system dynamics modeling of the energy sustainable complex-structure. As the work is ongoing, some initial simulation results are shown here. Based on our initial studies, we evaluate a number of implications of the management of energy in large-scale cyber-physical systems.
A Shift in ApoM/S1P Between HDL-Particles in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Impaired Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the ApoM/S1P Complex.

Objective— Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease despite high levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its ligand sphingosine 1-phospate (S1P) exert many of the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL. We investigated whether apoM and S1P are altered in T1D and whether apoM and S1P are important for HDL functionality in T1D. Approach and Results— ApoM and S1P were quantified in plasma from 42 healthy controls and 89 T1D patients. HDL was isolated from plasma and separated into dense, medium-dense, and light HDL by ultracentrifugation. Primary human aortic endothelial cells were challenged with tumor necrosis factor-α in the presence or absence of isolated HDL. Proinflammatory adhesion molecules E-selectin and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 were quantified by flow cytometry. Activation of the S1P1- receptor was evaluated by analyzing downstream signaling targets and receptor internalization. There were no differences in plasma levels of apoM and S1P between controls and T1D patients, but the apoM/S1P complexes were shifted from dense to light HDL particles in T1D. ApoM/S1P in light HDL particles from women were less efficient in inhibiting expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 than apoM/S1P in denser particles. The light HDL particles were unable to activate Akt, whereas all HDL subfractions were equally efficient in activating Erk and receptor internalization. Conclusions— ApoM/S1P in light HDL particles were inefficient in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α–induced vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in contrast to apoM/S1P in denser HDL particles. T1D patients have a higher proportion of light particles and hence more dysfunctional HDL, which could contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with T1D.
Cyclin D1–negative blastoid mantle cell lymphoma exhibiting cleaved to bilobated cytomorphology

![Figure][1] A 66-year-old man presented with a white blood cell count of 62.6 × 109/L. Peripheral blood (PB) smear showed 80% small- to medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells with irregular to cleaved (panel A; original magnification ×500, Wright-Giemsa stain) or binucleated nuclear contours
Systematics of the Lower Ordovician pliomerid trilobite Hintzeia , with species from the Great Basin, western USA

The pliomerid trilobite genus Hintzeia Harrington, 1957, includes only species from the early Tulean (upper Tremadocian) of the Great Basin, USA, and from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Previously assigned species reported from Scandinavia, China, South Korea, and Australia do not appear to be closely related to the western Laurentian species and are excluded from the genus. The monophyly of the group needs to be tested in the context of a broader phylogenetic analysis, but Hintzeia is rediagnosed with potential synapomorphies including a long, wide anterior border with a large, semicircular median arcuate anterior curve in the posterior margin. Hintzeia celsaora (Ross, 1951) and H. firmimarginis (Hintze, 1953) are redescribed based on large new collections from Utah and Idaho. Ontogenetic material of H. celsaora includes an articulated silicified M13 meraspid. Hintzeia parafirmimarginis n. sp. is described on the basis of both abundant disarticulated sclerites and a large articulated individual. Large topotype collections indicate that Hintzeia celsaora (Ross, 1951) is a senior synonym of Protopliomerops aemulus Hintze, 1953; previously claimed differences appear to reflect small original sample sizes, ontogenetic change, and differing photographic orientation.
Continuous Observability of Hyperbolic Equations under Degenerate Sensors

In this chapter we intend to extend our studies of the observability properties of partial differential equations to a large class of linear second-order partial differential equations (PDEs) of hyperbolic type in n spatial dimensions. We will show that both the L ∞ (0, T; R n+1)- and C([0, T[; R n+1)-continuous observability properties are possible for these equations, provided that the observation data are supplied by finitely many, carefully selected, mobile degenerate sensors. We will consider both the point and spatially averaged sensors.
Short-Term Impacts of Pecan Waste By-Products on Soil Quality in Texturally Different Arid Soils

Three arid soils (clay loam (CL), sandy clay (SC), and sandy loam (SL)) were amended with pecan waste products (ground pecan shells (PSHs), ground pecan husks (PHUs), and ground pecan shell biochar...
Water Flow and Beaver Habitat in Grand Teton National Park: Adaptation to Climate Change

Beavers are a keystone species in Grand Teton National Park and are critical to the aquatic and terrestrial landscape. Modifications to their habitat by climate change impact multiple species. This study is designed to examine the current distribution and habitat of beavers in Grand Teton National Park and analyze the alterations to this distribution and habitat based on climate change. Field and aerial surveys were completed to determine the distribution of beaver colonies in Grand Teton National Park. Beaver habitat was constructed by integrating field surveys of vegetation, soils and hydrologic characteristics with satellite imagery classification. A model of climate change was utilized in an effort to distinguish potentially different rates of temperature and precipitation change into the 21st century. The results of the climate model were then integrated into a watershed assessment model to determine stream flow in the Snake River basin. The decreasing flow rates are critical to beaver habitat for cottonwoods and willow species and beaver settlement and movement and will limit their movement. In addition, the Snake River below Jackson Lake Dam is regulated for irrigation into Idaho and the decreasing flows on the Snake River below the Jackson Lake Dam will also impact water availability for beaver habitats. Decreases in precipitation availability will increase irrigation demand causing changes in the Snake River flow patterns. Management conflicts exist between preserving and maintaining beaver habitat in the national park and meeting the irrigation
From “multiple simultaneous independent discoveries” to the theory of “multiple simultaneous independent errors”: a conduit in science

Multiple simultaneous independent discoveries (MIDs), so well enunciated by Robert K. Merton in the early 1960s but already discussed for several hundreds of years, is a classic concept in the sociology of science. In this paper, the concept of multiple simultaneous independent errors (MIEs) is proposed, analyzed, and discussed. The concept of Selective Pessimistic Induction is proposed and used to connect MIDs with MIEs. Five types of MIEs are discussed: multiple errors in the interpretation of experimental data or computational results; multiple misjudgments of the value of another’s research results or conclusions; multiple cases of false anticipation of achieving a certain experimental result; multiples of ignoring or omitting relevant precedents; and multiple instances of failure due to a not-yet-conceived scientific concept or principle. Causal MIDs and MIEs are those that can be traced directly to antecedent knowledge. Acausal MIDs and MIEs are those involving a consequential and identifiable leap from antecedent knowledge. Examples of causal and acausal MIEs are provided, mostly but not exclusively from the discipline of chemistry. Comparisons are made between MIDs and MIEs. Topics for future research are discussed and implications of these concepts are proposed.
Target Driven Instance Detection

While state-of-the-art general object detectors are getting better and better, there are not many systems specifically designed to take advantage of the instance detection problem. For many applications, such as household robotics, a system may need to recognize a few very specific instances at a time. Speed can be critical in these applications, as can the need to recognize previously unseen instances. We introduce a Target Driven Instance Detector(TDID), which modifies existing general object detectors for the instance recognition setting. TDID not only improves performance on instances seen during training, with a fast runtime, but is also able to generalize to detect novel instances.
Are You Being Served? Toward a Typology of Nonprofit Infrastructure Organizations and a Framework for Their Assessment

Nonprofit infrastructure organizations provide multiple functions to the nonprofit sector: strengthening individual and organizational capacities, mobilizing material resources, providing information and intellectual resources, building alliances for mutual support, bridging the research and practice divide, and connecting nonprofits to the other sectors. Although researchers have described a variety of organizations that support nonprofit activity, they have done little to distinguish them or to explain their primary purposes. In this article, we develop a typology to classify these nonprofit infrastructure organizations, which offers new insight into their various objectives and functions. Based on a review of the relevant literature and interviews with stakeholders, we then construct a necessary framework for the assessment of the infrastructure organizations we have identified. The result is a better understanding of not only the types of nonprofit infrastructure organizations but also the appropriate dimensions for their assessment.
A Bayesian Method for Comparing the Means of Multinomial Populations

Let X(Y) be a random variable which takes on the values a1 …, ak with probabilities p1,…,pk (p′1, …, p′k) respectively. Let μx = a1p1 +… + akpk and μv = a1p′1 + … + akp′k. A Bayesian approach to comparing μx and μv is considered. An extension of the results to multiple comparisons is suggested.
Multilevel Methods for the Simulation of Turbulence

Our aim in this article is to present for a very simple model?namely a pair of ordinary coupled differential equations?some of the features of the multilevel numerical methods which have been introduced recently for the numerical simulation of turbulent flows. The two components of this simple differential system are intended to represent the large and small scale components of a flow. We show that many new numerical schemes can be introduced by treating differently the small and large scale components; also different time steps can be used for these two components. The stability analysis which we conduct for this simple model shows that these new multilevel schemes can produce a substantial saving in computing time, although the stability analysis leads sometime to counterintuitive conclusions. The error analysis for this model will be conducted elsewhere. Also the reader is referred to the articles quoted below (in particular, 8, 10]) for the utilization of similar multilevel schemes for the Navier?Stokes equations themselves.
Dislocation Kinetics and the Formation of Deformation Bands

By viewing material states as superpositions of perfect lattice and dislocated substates, we can adopt the approach of continuum mechanics to arrive at a system of differential equations describing the interaction effects between stress, dislocations and deformation. The various arguments that we utilize are broadly related to ideas earlier advanced in theories of continuous distribution of dislocations and in models of dislocation dynamics. Following a brief account of the general theoretical structure in the introduction, we discuss in the first part of this paper the ability of the present method to recover previous phenomenological models of material behavior, such as macroscopic theories of plasticity. In the second part of the paper, we illustrate the ability of the present method to predict dislocation phenomena associated with the formation of plastic zones, deformation bands and dislocation patterns.
The Algebra $$_R{\dot{\rm U}}$$

31.1.1. From now on, R will be a fixed commutative ring with 1, with a given invertible element v. We shall regard R as an A-algebra via the ring homomorphism \(\phi \,A \to R\) such that \(\phi (\upsilon ^n ) = {\rm{v}}^n \) for all n\( \in \) Z.
Remarks on boundary control for polyhedral domains and related results

We establish boundary controllability for the Neumann (and other) problems for hyperbolic equations with constant coefficients in polyhedral domains not using multiplier methods. The method, which has the advantage that the “energy” remains bounded, is well suited for computations. Applications are discussed.
Granulation of slags and metals after melt refining of contaminated metallic wastes

Abstract Melting under an oxidizing slag is an attractive method of decontaminating and reducing the volume of radioactively contaminated metal scrap. The contaminants are concentrated in a relatively small volume of slag, which leaves the metal essentially clean. A potential method of permanent disposal of the resulting slags (and metals if necessary) is to emplace them into deep shale by grout hydrofracture. Suspension of the slag and metal in grout mixtures requires that they be granular. The feasibility of size-reducing the slags and disintegrating the metals and subsequently incorporating them into grout mixtures was demonstrated. Various types of slags were crushed into particles smaller than 3 mm. We also melted several metals and water blasted them into coarse powders ranging in size from 0.05 to 3 mm. We found the crushed slags and the coarse metal powders to be suspendable in grout fluids, which indicates that they are probably disposable by shale hydrofracture.
p97-dependent retrotranslocation and proteolytic processing govern formation of active Nrf1 upon proteasome inhibition.

Cells exposed to high temperatures, infections and other forms of stress often produce oxygen ions and peroxide molecules that can cause damage to proteins and DNA. Cells therefore rely on molecular machines called proteasomes to eliminate damaged proteins, before they cause too much harm. Two related transcription factors—proteins that interact with DNA to ‘switch on’ the expression of genes—are involved in a cell’s responses to stress, but in different ways. Nrf2 switches on genes that limit the damage caused by oxygen ions and peroxide molecules, while Nrf1 switches on the genes that encode the components of the proteasome. As such, Nrf1 helps to restart proteasome activity if it has been shut off—a phenomenon known as ‘bounce-back’. Within a cell, Nrf1 is known to start off embedded within the membranes of a structure called the endoplasmic reticulum. However, it is not clear how activated Nrf1 leaves this membrane and enters the nucleus to interact with the cell’s DNA. Now, Radhakrishnan et al. show that when Nrf1 is produced, most of its length is found inside the endoplasmic reticulum, with only a small piece being anchored in the surrounding membrane. This is unlike previously described transcription factors that associate with the endoplasmic reticulum, which are stuck to the outside of this structure. Radhakrishnan et al. also discovered that the activation of Nrf1 depends on an enzyme called p97 or VCP. This enzyme helps to flip Nrf1 from the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum to its outside surface. In most cells, the proteasome then breaks down this part of Nrf1. However, if the proteasome is inhibited, an unknown enzyme cuts Nrf1 free from the endoplasmic reticulum, allowing it to migrate to the nucleus and promote the production of more proteasome components to counteract the inhibition. Interestingly, drugs that inhibit the proteasome are used to combat cancer because the build-up of damaged proteins is toxic to the cancer cells. By showing that p97 promotes the ‘bounce-back’ of the proteasome, the work of Radhakrishnan et al. suggests that combining existing proteasome inhibitors with drugs that inhibit p97 could eventually lead to new, more effective, therapies for cancer or other diseases.
Providing reliable and financially sustainable electricity access in India using super-efficient appliances

In India, 46 million, mostly rural, households lack access to electricity – over 50% of those are in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. While India has set an aggressive goal of extending the grid to all households by 2019, grid extension does not necessarily imply reliable electricity access. Indian utilities face a financial disincentive to supplying reliable electricity in rural areas because of subsidized tariffs and low consumer willingness-to-pay. Tariff subsidies for full household electrification in these states would be about Rs 15,000 Cr per year, which is two-times the existing subsidies and equivalent to 20–30% of their annual utility revenues. We find that super-efficient lamps, TVs, and fans can reduce the energy consumption of a rural household by over 70% cost-effectively, resulting in a net reduction in the total subsidy burden. Reduced consumption offers an opportunity to raise consumer tariffs while ensuring consumers’ monthly electricity bills reduced. We also argue that super-efficient appliances make consumer-side storage cost-effective, leading to greater consumer willingness-to-pay. We recommend adoption of super-efficient appliances as part of the electricity access initiative in India, and electricity service based tariff setting as the next policy steps towards providing a reliable and sustainable electricity access.
CLINICAL COURSE OF A UNIQUE CASE OF ALLGROVE SYNDROME AND CHALLENGES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA MANAGEMENT.

ABSTRACT Objective Allgrove syndrome (AS), also known as triple-A syndrome, is a rare disorder characterized by alacrima, achalasia, adrenal insufficiency, and other manifestations such as problems related to growth, puberty, and neuropsychological development. Although the genetics of this disorder have been studied extensively in recent decades, clinical information is still lacking. Methods We present a unique case of AS from which we have gained significant insight into its clinical course, especially the management of hypoglycemia. Results The patient initially presented with altered mental status at age 3 which was found to be due to hypoglycemia. Laboratory values confirmed primary adrenal insufficiency with isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. With additional history of alacrima, a genetic test was obtained which confirmed the diagnosis of AS. For over 10 years, we have been following her growth, puberty, and development. We experienced some challenges in managing her hypoglycemia initially. Certain metabolic effects of steroid overdose were noted. To resolve this problem, we found dextrose supplementation quite effective. Conclusion The rarity and isolated glucocorticoid deficiency of AS pose clinical challenges for initial diagnosis. Hypoglycemia associated with alacrima should alert the suspicion of AS. Management of hypoglycemia in AS is complicated by achalasia and may benefit from incorporation of both glucocorticoid and dextrose supplementation to prevent side effects of steroid overdose.
The Screening Utility and Ecological Validity of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Bill Payment Subtest in Older Adults with and without Dementia.

OBJECTIVE The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Bill Payment subtest has shown strong diagnostic accuracy in dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus non-AD. Its relationship to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or all-cause dementia has not been fully examined nor has its ecological validity as a proxy of financial independence. METHOD We describe 270 women (63%) and men (age = 72 ± 8.39) who completed Bill Payment during outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Seventy-one were cognitively normal (CN), 160 had MCI, and 39 had Dementia. Two hundred fourteen were independent in money management, 31 were assisted (had oversight/some help), and 25 were dependent (relied on others). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves tested Bill Payment's utility as a dementia screen. Kruskal-Wallis tests examined whether Bill Payment differed by levels of financial independence. RESULTS At a cutoff of 17, Bill Payment had strong sensitivity (0.87) and specificity (0.80) for dementia versus CN cases. A cutoff of 15 distinguished dementia from MCI (Sn = 0.64, Sp = 0.85), whereas a cutoff of 16 distinguished dementia from functionally unimpaired cases (MCI + CN) with greater sensitivity and similar specificity (Sn = 0.74, Sp = 0.81). Sensitivity attenuated in MCI versus CN cases (Sn = 0.46, Sp = 0.83). Those who were independent in money management had higher scores than assisted and dependent cases (p ≤ 0.046). Assisted and dependent cases were no different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bill Payment is a valid screen of all-cause dementia. Lower Bill Payment scores may mark subtle functional decline beyond cognitive impairment alone. Specifically, results provide preliminary evidence of Bill Payment's ecological validity as a measure related to financial independence. It may prove useful when impaired financial abilities are suspected but unreported.
MONITORING OF PATIENTS' FALLS IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

INTRODUCTION: The issue of hospitalized patients’ falls in healthcare facilities should be one of the most essential interests of healthcare employees. Monitoring, keeping of records and the assessment of the documentation related to the occurrence of patients’ falls in a healthcare facility helps healthcare employees determine the frequency of falls. Monitoring of extraordinary events helps identify weaknesses in patient care and point out recurring issues, which influence the quality and safety of the provided care. A reduction in the number of falls in every healthcare facility requires a complex approach of healthcare employees, which includes admitting, assessing, and reducing the risks of falls. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this report was to point out the occurrence of hospitalized patients’ falls in a healthcare facility. METHODS: The data collection was done through a survey method (unstandardized survey). The research group was composed of nurses (n=130) providing nursing care to patients in four healthcare facilities in Trebisov, Vranov nad Topľou a Michalovce. The average age of the nurses was 38.7 years old. The results were analyzed through absolute and relative frequency. The Chi-squared test was used as a statistical method. The obtained results were interpreted on the significance level α = 0.05. The sorting criteria included age, type of department, and level of experience. RESULTS: The obtained results point out that nurses use conversation and observation to assess the risk of patients’ falls. In the research sample, falls occur with an increased incidence. There is a statistically significant contrast (p = 0.02) concerning the way in which nurses in each department report falls. CONCLUSION: In the issue of falls, nursing documentation plays a big role because falls are documented as extraordinary events. Based on our results, we suggest using a unified, standardized tool to assess the risk of falls in healthcare facilities, as monitoring extraordinary events can influence the quality and safety of the provided nursing care.
Operationalizing stakeholder theory and prioritizing ethics in MBA programs: The utility of a trust approach

At a time when some are questioning the relevancy of business education in general, others are now asking whether MBA programs should be blamed for society’s declining trust in business and the numerous corporate ethical failures of recent decades. Whether the full blame lies with business schools or not, MBA instructors are actively seeking more effective ways to help students adopt more practical and ethical managerial paradigms. Because trust theory is simple and robust and outlines the basic mental processes that drive economic exchange while simultaneously prioritizing ethical behavior, in this article, we argue that it is distinctively suited to operationalize stakeholder theory in the classroom, providing MBA students with both a principled and a practical foundation or thematic platform for their MBA coursework and subsequent careers. We also discuss potential challenges and limitations and provide recommendations for future research.
Dataflow-based pruning for speeding up superoptimization

Superoptimization is a compilation strategy that uses search to improve code quality, rather than relying on a canned sequence of transformations, as traditional optimizing compilers do. This search can be seen as a program synthesis problem: from unoptimized code serving as a specification, the synthesis procedure attempts to create a more efficient implementation. An important family of synthesis algorithms works by enumerating candidates and then successively checking if each refines the specification, using an SMT solver. The contribution of this paper is a pruning technique which reduces the enumerative search space using fast dataflow-based techniques to discard synthesis candidates that contain symbolic constants and uninstantiated instructions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by improving the runtime of an enumerative synthesis procedure in the Souper superoptimizer for the LLVM intermediate representation. The techniques presented in this paper eliminate 65% of the solver calls made by Souper, making it 2.32x faster (14.54 hours vs 33.76 hours baseline, on a large multicore) at solving all 269,113 synthesis problems that Souper encounters when optimizing the C and C++ programs from SPEC CPU 2017.
Knife-edge interferogram analysis for corrosive wear propagation at sharp edges

This paper presents a novel noncontact measurement and inspection method based on knife-edge diffraction theory for corrosive wear propagation monitoring at a sharp edge. The degree of corrosion on the sharp edge was quantitatively traced in process by knife-edge interferometry (KEI). The measurement system consists of a laser diode, an avalanche photodiode, and a linear stage for scanning. KEI utilizes the interferometric fringes projected on the measurement plane when the light is incident on a sharp edge. The corrosion propagation on sharp edges was characterized by analyzing the difference in the two interferometric fringes obtained from the control and measurement groups. By using the cross-correlation algorithm, the corrosion conditions on sharp edges were quantitatively quantified into two factors: lag and similarity for edge loss and edge roughness, respectively. The KEI sensor noise level was estimated at 0.03% in full scale. The computational approach to knife-edge diffraction was validated by experimental validation, and the computational error was evaluated at less than 1%. Two sets of razor blades for measurement and control groups were used. As a result, the lag will be increased at an edge loss ratio of 1.007/µm due to the corrosive wear, while the similarity will be decreased at a ratio of 5.4×10-4/µm with respect to edge roughness change. Experimental results showed a good agreement with computational results.
Variational assimilation of web camera-derived estimates of visibility for Alaska aviation

The Real Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA), a two-dimensional variational analysis algorithm, is used to provide hourly analyses of surface sensible weather elements for situational awareness at spatial resolutions of 3 km over Alaska. In this work we focus on the analysis of horizontal visibility in Alaska, which is a region prone to weather related aviation accidents that are in part due to a relatively sparse observation network. In this study we evaluate the impact of assimilating estimates of horizontal visibility derived from a novel network of web cameras in Alaska with the RTMA. Results suggest that the web camera-derived estimates of visibility can capture low visibility conditions and have the potential to improve the RTMA visibility analysis under conditions of low instrument flight rules and instrument flight rules.
Chromatin accessibility changes induced by the microbial metabolite butyrate reveal possible mechanisms of anti-cancer effects

Summary Butyrate is a four-carbon fatty acid produced in large quantities by bacteria found in the human gut. It is the major source of colonic epithelial cell energy, can bind to and agonize short-chain fatty acid G-protein coupled receptors and functions as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Anti-cancer effects of butyrate are attributed to a global increase in histone acetylation in colon cancer cells; however, the role that corresponding chromatin remodeling plays in this effect is not fully understood. We used longitudinal paired ATAC-seq and RNA-seq on HCT-116 colon cancer cells to determine how butyrate-related chromatin changes functionally associate with cancer. We detected distinct temporal changes in chromatin accessibility in response to butyrate with less accessible regions enriched in transcription factor binding motifs and distal enhancers. These regions significantly overlapped with regions maintained by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler, and were further enriched amongst chromatin regions that are associated with ARID1A/B synthetic lethality. Finally, we found that butyrate-induced chromatin regions were enriched for both colorectal cancer GWAS loci and somatic mutations in cancer. These results demonstrate the convergence of both somatic mutations and GWAS risk variants for colon cancer within butyrate-responsive chromatin regions, providing a molecular map of the mechanisms by which this microbial metabolite might confer anti-cancer properties. Highlights Chromatin accessibility changes longitudinally upon butyrate exposure in colon cancer cells. Chromatin regions that close in response to butyrate are enriched among distal enhancers. There is strong overlap between butyrate-induced peaks and peaks associated with SWI/SNF synthetic lethality. Butyrate-induced peaks are enriched for colorectal cancer GWAS loci and somatic variation in colorectal cancer.
Outcomes of VAC temporization following the excision of microinvasive sarcomas pending negative formal pathologic margins.

e23559Background: Microinvasive sarcomas can yield a high number of false negative intraoperative pathology margin analyses. Additional oncologic resection after soft tissue coverage is technically...