cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Free Speech Right to Trademark Protection

This Article explores whether the right to freedom of expression requires governments to register trademarks that are immoral, scandalous, disparaging, or otherwise offensive. Many nations ban the registration of offensive marks, including the United States for the last 100 years. In the U.S. Federal Circuit’s 2015 en banc decision in In re Tam, which involved an appeal from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s refusal to register the mark THE SLANTS for an Asian-American rock band, the court held the disparagement provision in Section 2(a) of the U.S. Lanham Act violated the Free Speech Clause in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court has now agreed to address the issue. This Article first contends that international law does not require U.S. and foreign courts to recognize a free speech right to trademark protection of offensive marks. It then argues that courts and commentators often do not raise and correctly evaluate all of the issues that may arise in a free expression challenge to a trademark law. The Article provides a framework–a list of “elements” required to establish a free speech violation–that can be used to evaluate whether a trademark law violates the right to freedom of expression in a nation’s constitution or human rights treaties. This framework is then applied to the provision in Section 2(a) of the U.S. Lanham Act banning registration of marks which are immoral or scandalous, or which may disparage others, with the resulting conclusion that Section 2(a) is constitutional.
Attunement and Disorientation: The Moods of Philosophy in Heidegger and Sartre

This essay employs Heidegger’s philosophical analysis of the moodedness of human understanding of the world in order to evaluate the significance of the moods in and through which specifically philosophical understanding is achieved in the phenomenological tradition. First, Heidegger’s Being and Time is shown to be critically informed by the moods of anxiety and perplexity; then boredom is shown to be the determining mood of his Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics; and finally, the significance of shame as a topic within, and a mode of attunement of, Sartre’s Being and Nothingness is assessed.
Case 3: Two-week-old Male Infant with Progressive Emesis

A 14-day-old term white male infant presents to his primary pediatrician’s office with a 3-day history of progressive emesis, which is described by his mother as nonbloody and nonbilious in nature. The mother reports that emesis is frequently associated with feeding and occasionally projectile in nature, with 8 to 10 episodes in the last 24 hours. It is reported that he is taking 2 ounces of expressed human milk every 2.5 hours. His urine and stool output is adequate. The pregnancy was uncomplicated, but labor was complicated by mild shoulder dystocia. The infant’s birthweight was 3,980 g. His blood type is B negative and direct antiglobulin testing positive, with Apgar scores of 5 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, requiring only tactile stimulation for resuscitation. He was discharged from the hospital 2 days after birth with a portable phototherapy device for jaundice, which was required for 3 days. On examination, his weight is 3,920 g, not back to birthweight. He is afebrile, with otherwise unremarkable vital signs and has mild jaundice without icterus. He demonstrates signs of mild dehydration with sunken anterior fontanelle and mildly delayed capillary refill; the remainder of the examination findings were unremarkable. Based on the patient’s history of voluminous and projectile emesis with inadequate weight gain, pyloric stenosis is the primary concern. Abdominal ultrasonography reveals the diagnosis. Ultrasonography demonstrates a normal pylorus with bilateral …
The Implications of Native-Born Fertility and Other Socio-Demographic Changes for Less-Skilled U.S. Immigration

This paper examines the degree to which fertility and socio-demographic changes are reducing the size of the U.S.-born less-skilled working-age population in the United States. By less-skilled, we mean persons with a high school diploma or less. By consequences of fertility change, we mean the repercussions of both high fertility in past decades (the Baby Boom) and below replacement native-born fertility in more recent decades. By consequences of socio-demographic change, we refer to the rise in the proportion of the population starting and finishing college. In the context of evidence indicating that the relative size of economic sectors hiring less-skilled workers has not diminished in recent decades (with the exception of manufacturing employment), we suggest these demographic and social changes imply that the country will continue to rely on less-skilled immigrant workers. We assess this idea based on analyses of U.S. Census and American Community Survey data for decennial census years starting in 1970 and running through 2010. The results show a net decline of more than 7 million persons in the U.S.-born less-skilled working-age population since 1990, and a looming decline of more than 12 million between now and 2030. Educational upgrading, especially among women, contributes a notable share to these shifts, but so does earlier high fertility (the aging of the Baby Boomers) and more recent low native fertility. Interestingly, the number of less-skilled unauthorized immigrants living in the United States in 2010 is smaller than the decline in the size of the less-skilled U.S.-born working-age population over the same period.
Noninvasive assessment of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery.

Coronary atherosclerosis is characterized by an early loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, the methods of assessing coronary endothelial function are invasive and difficult to repea...
Predictive Modeling for West Nile Virus and Mosquito Surveillance in Lubbock, Texas

ABSTRACT West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America during 1999, and has since spread throughout the contiguous USA. West Nile virus causes West Nile fever and the more severe West N...
Mobile Robot Path Planning With a Moving Goal

Path planners, in which a hunter is required to chase after a moving target, are an important problem for robotic systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned underwater vehicles. This paper describes an incremental moving target path planning algorithm which leverages previous planning data to update the path in the case where the target moves. The algorithm in this paper addresses the need for a quick path-planner that can be used in an environment where the target is moving. The algorithm does this by sacrificing optimality in order to reduce the computational complexity of the problem. Examples show that the algorithm reduces the complexity of re-planning by approximately 12 times while only increasing path length taken by 1.5%. Analytical estimates of the best and worst case complexity of the algorithm were developed, and these estimates are validated with experimental data.
Targeting Toll-like Receptors in Cancer Prevention

There is a pressing need for the development of new prevention strategies for the most common worldwide malignancy, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as sun protection efforts have not proven to be completely effective. Interestingly, despite the known circumstance that individuals undergoing chronic immunosuppression are at a substantially increased risk for developing NMSC, in this issue of Cancer Prevention Research, Blohm-Mangone and colleagues provide new evidence that topical application of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist resatorvid may be efficacious as a chemopreventive agent in NMSC specifically via blocking UV-induced inflammatory signaling. These new findings highlight a potentially delicate dichotomy between the role of innate immune receptors in the normal, protective immunosurveillance of damaged cells in the skin and the pathogenic UV-induced overstimulation of cutaneous inflammation that promotes photocarcinogenesis. Given the tremendous cancer burden incurred by NMSC, further exploration of the use of TLR4 antagonists in NMSC chemoprevention strategies is certainly warranted. Cancer Prev Res; 11(5); 251-4. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Blohm-Mangone et al., p. 265.
Conventional redo biological valve replacement over 20 years: Surgical benchmarks should guide patient selection for transcatheter valve-in-valve therapy.

Abstract Objectives Although primary transcatheter valve interventions have demonstrated acceptable early- and intermediate-term outcomes, data are lacking to guide patient selection for transcatheter valve-in-valve therapy. Furthermore, very few surgical benchmarks have been established for repeat conventional biological valve replacement to refine momentum for broad application of transcatheter intervention for a degenerated bioprosthesis. Methods From January 1993 to July 2014, 694 patients underwent repeat biological valve replacement at our clinic. Median age at repeat operation was 71 years (range, 26-95 years) and there were 437 men (63%). Hypertension was present in 453 patients (65%), diabetes in 128 patients (18%), prior myocardial infarction in 85 patients (12%), and prior stroke in 81 patients (12%). Prior coronary bypass grafting was performed in 212 patients (31%). Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 41% (range, 20-61) and New York Heart Association functional class III or IV was present in 529 patients (76%). Results Biological valve re-replacement included most commonly aortic valve in 464 patients (67%) and mitral valve in 170 (24%). Concomitant coronary bypass grafting was performed in 134 patients (19%). Mortality at 30 days occurred in 56 patients (8%). Multivariable analysis with backward stepwise regression identified New York Heart Association functional class (per 1 increment) (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-4.3; P = .03) and prior coronary bypass grafting (hazard ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-10.9; P = .03) as independent predictors of early death. Patients with the combination of prior coronary bypass grafting and New York Heart Association functional class III or IV accounted for 26 out of 56 early deaths (46%) and in the absence of this combination, early death in the cohort was 30 out of 694 (4%). Follow-up was available in 602 out of 638 early survivors (94%) for a median of 45 months (range, 1 month-23.4 years). Survival at 5 and 10 years was 63% and 34%, respectively. For patients who died during follow-up, 2-dimensional scatter plots demonstrate durable length of postoperative survival (median, 5.5 years; maximum, 22 years). Conclusions In a large population of patients undergoing repeat biological valve replacement, prior coronary bypass grafting and advanced New York Heart Association functional class were associated with increased 30-day mortality, with the remaining population having a low 30-day mortality of 4%. This study could serve as a surgical benchmark to guide patient selection for transcatheter valve-in-valve technology rather than employing a broader application of these techniques to those who may otherwise have low early risk of mortality and durable long-term survival after conventional valve surgery.
Optimal Compensation by Linear Robust Control for Uncertain Systems

Linear control design of nonlinear discrete-time uncertain systems with (possibly fast) uncertain parameters is considered. The possible uncertainty bound needs to be within a threshold. The threshold in turn is dependent on a design parameter. To achieve the maximum threshold by an optimal choice of the design parameter, a constrained optimization problem is proposed. The optimal compensation of the uncertainty is in general a partial compensation.
Effect of prethymectomy plasma exchange on postoperative respiratory function in myasthenia gravis.

The effect of prethymectomy plasma exchange on postoperative mechanical ventilation requirement and length of stay in the intensive care unit were studied retrospectively in 37 patients with myasthenia gravis. We found a significantly decreased time on mechanical ventilation (mean 1.02 ± 0.40 versus 3.43 ± 0.60 days) and a shorter stay in the intensive care unit (mean 3.09 ± 0.99 versus 5.15 ± 0.66 days) for 11 patients with respiratory weakness who were treated with preoperative plasma exchange compared with 26 patients who did not receive plasma exchange. Patients with respiratory weakness who received prethymectomy plasma exchange required less time on mechanical ventilation (mean 1.02 ± 0.40 versus 2.73 ± 0.88 days) and a shorter stay in the intensive care unit (mean 3.09 ± 0.99 versus 4.46 ± 1.08 days) than those patients without respiratory weakness who did not receive plasma exchange. Eleven patients met the criteria for plasma exchange but did not receive it They required significantly more time on mechanical ventilation (mean 4.43 ± 0.94 versus 1.02 ± 0.40 days) and in the intensive care unit (mean 6.09 ± 0.86 versus 3.09 ± 0.99 days) than patients who received plasma exchange. Our results indicate that patients with severe forms of myasthenia gravis treated with prethymectomy plasma exchange require less mechanical ventilation and less time in the intensive care unit postoperatively.
Before the Sun in the church

A travers le livre de John Heilbron, the sun in the church, il est permis d'avoir de nombreuses informations sur l'usage d'un gnomon du XV e au XVIII e siecles pour observer le soleil
High Power Medium Voltage Converters Enabled by High Voltage SiC Power Devices

This paper presents the potential applications of HV SiC power devices for high power and medium voltage power conversion systems. The advantages and features enabled by HV SiC devices are experimentally validated by both device performance evaluations as well as operation and performance validations of MV power conversion systems. The potential application examples of Solid State Transformer (SST), Asynchronous Microgrid Power Conditioning Systems, MV motor drives, MV grid connected converters for integration of Distributed Renewable Energy Resources (DRER) and Distributed Energy Storage Devices (DESD) are presented as design case studies and experimental validations with their advantages and power conversion efficiency.
Facilitating the Development of Effective Interdisciplinary Curricular Materials

Development of strong interdisciplinary curricular materials requires bringing together teams of instructors with diverse disciplinary expertise around complex and compelling topics. Many faculty lack the experience and support needed to effectively develop curricula as part of a team. To address these needs and to meet its own goal of engaging students in learning about Earth in the context of societal issues, the InTeGrate project designed a process that (1) constructed diverse and interdisciplinary materials development teams; (2) structured the materials development around a detailed rubric that included grand challenges and interdisciplinary problem-solving; (3) supported materials development teams through a semiflexible, scaffolded development timeline with several checkpoints; and (4) developed an extensive website to support both development teams and adopting instructors. Through this process, 32 interdisciplinary teams of 113 unique authors from around the country and many institution types produced 26 modules and 6 courses that are published on the InTeGrate website. The materials address a wide range of Earth-related grand challenges and contain explicitly interdisciplinary components. Authors and project leadership used the website heavily to support the development process. The rubric, timeline, and web-based tools that facilitated team-based curriculum development encode research-based practices in curriculum design and teaching and learning, and all components can be adapted for use by other projects.
A Comparison of Tree Search Methods for Graph Topology Design Problems

In this paper, we discuss the relevance and effectiveness of two common methods for searching decision trees that represent design problems. When design problems are encoded in decision trees they are often multimodal, capture a range of complexity in valid solutions, and have distinguishable internal locations.
Safety and compatibility of smart device heart rhythm monitoring in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.

Introduction Emerging medical technology has allowed for monitoring of heart rhythm abnormalities using smartphone compatible devices. The safety and utility of such devices have not been established in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). We sought to assess the safety and compatibility of the Food and Drug Administration-approved AliveCor Kardia device in patients with CIEDs. Methods and results We prospectively recruited patients with CIED for a Kardia recording during their routine device interrogation. A recording was obtained in paced and nonpaced states. Adverse clinical events were noted at the time of recording. Electrograms (EGMs) from the cardiac device were obtained at the time of recording to assess for any electromagnetic interference (EMI) introduced by Kardia. Recordings were analyzed for quality and given a score of 3 (interpretable rhythm, no noise), 2 (interpretable rhythm, significant noise) or 1 (uninterpretable). A total of 251 patients were recruited (59% with a pacemaker and 41% with ICD). There were no adverse clinical events noted at the time of recording and no changes to CIED settings. Review of all EGMs revealed no EMI introduced by Kardia. Recordings were correctly interpreted in 90% of paced recordings (183 had a score of 3, 43 of 2, and 25 of 1) and 94.7% of nonpaced recordings (147 of 3, 15 of 2, and 9 of 1). Conclusion The AliveCor Kardia device has an excellent safety profile when used in conjunction with most CIEDs. The quality of recordings was preserved in this population. The device, therefore, can be considered for heart rhythm monitoring in patients with CIEDs.
A Case-Based Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma in Preschool Children

To summarize the recent evidence on the various wheezing patterns in early life and provide a case-based review with insights into clinical application of individualized therapy in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. Preschool wheezing is often characterized predominantly by the risk domain with exacerbations and relatively limited impairment. In children with intermittent disease and a positive Modified Asthma Predictive Index, intermittent therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) should be considered as an initial therapy to prevent exacerbations. Early administration of azithromycin at the onset of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) reduces the risks of progression to severe illnesses in children who have a history of recurrent severe LRTIs, and more information is needed regarding the risks of developing drug-resistant organisms. In preschool children with mild persistent asthma, allergic sensitization to aeroallergens and absolute eosinophil count can help identify children most likely to have a good response to daily ICS. Recent clinical trials in preschool children with severe episodic wheezing and persistent asthma have made a significant impact on the approach for the care of these children, particularly with evidence directing individualized approaches based on specific clinical features and biomarkers.
Tweetheads: An Exploratory Analysis of Twitter Use by Heads of State Across the Democracy Index

Twitter has become a prominent platform for world leaders to communicate with the public. As an exploratory analysis, we investigate its use by nine heads of state across the democracy index. Using a frequency analysis from qualitative coding, we did not find significant differences in Twitter use among leaders of democratic and authoritarian regimes, except when it comes to condemning others, requesting cooperation, or discussing the environment. We also find some indication that leaders of 'flawed democratic governments,' particularly Donald Trump, have communication patterns via Twitter similar to those of populist states.
Deracialisation or Body Fashion? Cosmetic Surgery and Body Modification in Japan

Although all forms of body fashion, from ancient to modern, entail a degree of manipulation, the styles found among Japanese youth are often construed by older Japanese and outside critics as nothi...
High Mortality Rates Among Patients With Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Atrial Fibrillation on Antithrombotic Therapy Are Independent of the Presence of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Insights From a Population-Based Study.

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk is higher in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation on antithrombotic therapy as well as those with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We investiga...
Facebook, Inc.: A Look at Corporate Governance

This case examines Facebook's corporate governance by reviewing information in the company's proxy statement. Students become familiar with the nature and type of information in proxy statements. They also learn how to examine various facets of executive compensation and corporate governance such as the use of stock options and restricted stock to compensate executives, dual class share structures, board composition and characteristics, controlled companies, and classified boards. Excerpt UVA-C-2411 Rev. Aug. 23, 2018 Facebook, Inc.: A Look at Corporate Governance Sarah Jones returned to her desk after the half-hour meeting with her manager, Joe Thomas. She was excited about her first assignment as an analyst at Salomon Partners, an investment research company that sold reports to a variety of clients. Thomas had asked her to write a report on the governance structure at Facebook, Inc. He had recently read an article in the Wall Street Journal suggesting that technology companies were increasingly using multiple classes of shares when going public. He anticipated having to field questions about what that meant for his clients who had invested in, or were thinking about investing in, Facebook, as he knew the company had an interesting governance structure. Thomas wondered what he could learn from Facebook. He asked Jones to investigate, and he suggested she start by reading Facebook's annual proxy statement. Company Description Facebook was a large US social media and social networking company headquartered in Menlo Park, California. According to its website, Facebook's mission was “to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. People use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what's going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them.” In addition to the social networking site Facebook.com, the company's products included Instagram, an online community for sharing visual stories using photos, videos, and messages; Messenger and WhatsApp, both messaging applications; and Oculus, a virtual reality platform. The company's revenues, which totaled $ 40.7billion in 2017, came primarily from advertising. The company had more than 25,000 employees at the end of 2017. (Facebook's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income are presented in Exhibits 1 and 2.) . . .
Direct Osmotic Pressure Measurements in Articular Cartilage Demonstrate Nonideal and Concentration-Dependent Phenomena.

The osmotic pressure in articular cartilage serves an important mechanical function in healthy tissue. Its magnitude is thought to play a role in advancing osteoarthritis. The aims of this study were to: (1) isolate and quantify the magnitude of cartilage swelling pressure in situ; and (2) identify the effect of salt concentration on material parameters. Confined compression stress-relaxation testing was performed on 18 immature bovine and six mature human cartilage samples in solutions of varying osmolarities. Direct measurements of osmotic pressure revealed nonideal and concentration-dependent osmotic behavior, with magnitudes approximately 1/3 those predicted by ideal Donnan law. A modified Donnan constitutive behavior was able to capture the aggregate behavior of all samples with a single adjustable parameter. Results of curve-fitting transient stress-relaxation data with triphasic theory in febio demonstrated concentration-dependent material properties. The aggregate modulus HA increased threefold as the external concentration decreased from hypertonic 2 M to hypotonic 0.001 M NaCl (bovine: HA=0.420±0.109 MPa to 1.266±0.438 MPa; human: HA=0.499±0.208 MPa to 1.597±0.455 MPa), within a triphasic theory inclusive of osmotic effects. This study provides a novel and simple analytical model for cartilage osmotic pressure which may be used in computational simulations, validated with direct in situ measurements. A key finding is the simultaneous existence of Donnan osmotic and Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic interactions within cartilage.
Consistency testing for robust phase estimation

We present an extension to the robust phase estimation protocol, which can identify incorrect results that would otherwise lie outside the expected statistical range. Robust phase estimation is increasingly a method of choice for applications such as estimating the effective process parameters of noisy hardware, but its robustness is dependent on the noise satisfying certain threshold assumptions. We provide consistency checks that can indicate when those thresholds have been violated, which can be difficult or impossible to test directly. We test these consistency checks for several common noise models, and identify two possible checks with high accuracy in locating the point in a robust phase estimation run at which further estimates should not be trusted. One of these checks may be chosen based on resource availability, or they can be used together in order to provide additional verification.
Communication and the Global Pandemic: Sustaining Continity, Rhythm, and Balance Comunicação e a pandemia global: manter a continuidade, o ritmo e o equilíbrio

In this article, David Hansen addresses the existential and spiritual costs of having to undertake educational work online as a result of the global pandemic. He illuminates these costs by examining the dynamic role of continuity, rhythm, and balance in leading a life. These embodied features of human experience have been disrupted by being forced into a virtual world. However, Hansen draws upon John Dewey’s philosophy of democratic life to show how people can respond artfully to current conditions, through a heightened appreciation of the very meaning of ‘communication’. Keywords: Communication. Continuity. Rhythm. Balance. Philosophy of education. Pandemic. Resumo: Neste artigo, David Hansen aborda as implicacoes existenciais e espirituais da realizacao do trabalho educacional na modalidade online em resultado da pandemia global. Ele ilumina estas implicacoes examinando o papel dinâmico da continuidade, do ritmo e do equilibrio na conducao de uma vida. Estas caracteristicas que dao corpo a experiencia humana foram interrompidas ao serem forcadas a terem lugar num mundo virtual. No entanto, Hansen baseia-se na filosofia de vida democratica de John Dewey para demonstrar como as pessoas podem responder habilmente as condicoes atuais, por meio de uma revalorizacao do proprio significado de "comunicacao". Palavras-chave: Comunicacao. Continuidade. Ritmo. Equilibrio. Filosofia da Educacao. Pandemia Data de rececao: 11/01/2021 Decisao Final: 18/01/2021
Assessment of the Long-Term Impact of Pancreatoduodenectomy on Health-Related Quality of Life Using the EORTC QLQ-PAN26 Module

Long-term pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) survivors have previously reported favorable quality of life (QoL). However, there has been a paucity of studies utilizing pancreas-specific modules for QoL assessment, which may uncover disability that general modules cannot detect. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PAN26 questionnaires were administered to PD survivors who were at least 5 years out of their operations for neoplasms (1998–2011, study cohort) and compared their scores with published preoperative scores of patients with pancreatic cancer (control cohort). The clinical relevance (CR) of differences was scored as small (5–10), moderate (10–20), or large (> 20) based on validated interpretation of clinically important differences. Of 1266 patients who underwent PD, there were 305 survivors with valid contact information, of whom 248 responded to the questionnaire (response rate 81.3%) and made up the study cohort. The median follow-up was 9.1 years (range 5.1–21.2 years). When compared with the control cohort, patients in the study cohort reported higher pancreatic pain (41.7 ± 17.6 vs. 18.1 ± 20.5, p < 0.001, CR large), sexuality dissatisfaction (63.0 ± 37.5 vs. 35.1 ± 34.3, p < 0.001, CR large), altered bowel habits (37.6 ± 30.6 vs. 20.0 ± 24.5, p < 0.001, CR moderate), and digestive symptoms (26.3 ± 29.5 vs. 18.7 ± 27.8, p = 0.002, CR small) scores. There was a higher prevalence of bloating, indigestion, and flatulence, but lower prevalence of future health worry (71.7% vs. 89.6%, p < 0.001) and limitation in planning activities (30.1% vs. 48.3%, p < 0.001) at 5 years. While post-PD patients had better long-term global QoL than healthy controls, a more granular, pancreas-specific questionnaire uncovered digestive abnormalities and sexuality dissatisfaction. These data can better inform clinical decision making and provide potential areas for improvement and patient support.
Gender-Affirming Surgeries in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescent and Young Adults: A Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Primer.

ABSTRACT Transgender and gender diverse adolescent and young adults (AYA) may seek gender-affirming surgeries (GAS) as part of their gender affirmation. A number of GAS are related to reproductive and sexual health, and pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) clinicians are well positioned as sexual and reproductive health experts to provide care in this area. PAG clinicians may encounter patients presenting for preoperative counseling (including discussions regarding fertility, family building, future sexual function, and choice of oophorectomy at time of hysterectomy), requesting referrals to GAS clinicians, or requiring GAS aftercare, or those seeking general sexual and reproductive health care who have a history of GAS. This article reviews presurgical considerations for AYA seeking GAS, types of GAS, their impact on pelvic, sexual, and reproductive health, and aftercare that may involve PAG providers, with the goal of helping PAG clinicians to better understand these procedures and to empower them to engage collaboratively with GAS teams. With this knowledge, reproductive health clinicians can have an integral role as skilled collaborators in the world of AYA GAS in partnership with GAS surgeons.
‘Who Had to Die so I Could Go Camping?’: Shifting non-Native Conceptions of Land and Environment through Engagement with Indigenous Thought and Action

Scholarship in the area of social movements points to the importance of inter-group collaboration and alliance building. In the case of Indigenous-led movements and the issue of solidarity with non...
Stroke Patterns and Short Term Mortality in Marijuana Users and Non-Users: A Cross-Sectional Study (P1.061)

OBJECTIVE: The goal of our retrospective cross-sectional study was to understand the impact of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use on stroke types and post-stroke mortality. Our underlying hypothesis was that the THC positive stroke patients have higher mortality than THC negative patients. BACKGROUND: Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in United States which is now legally available in few states. THC is the primary psychoactive substance in it. There are limited data about the use of marijuana use and its association with different stroke subtypes (acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] or subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH]) and post-stroke mortality. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively identified 436 patients whose urine was tested for THC during their stroke hospitalization, between Feb 2006 and May 2014. “Get with the guideline” dataset at our center was used to identify acute stroke patients and stroke type (ischemic, ICH, or SAH). All stroke patients are prospectively identified at our center, to be included in this database. Electronic medical records were used to identify urine THC positivity, age, sex, race, and mortality. Chi square test, t-test, and logistic regression methods were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: THC was positive in 51 out of 436 patients (AIS 9.6[percnt], ICH 10.1[percnt], and SAH 21.3[percnt]). THC positive patients were older (59+-15 years) than THC negative patients (mean age 49+-11 years)(p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the SAH patients have higher rate of positive THC test in urine than other stroke types. Marijuana use has no effect on post-stroke in-hospital mortality. Study Supported by: None Disclosure: Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adabala has nothing to disclose.
Virtual Power Politics

Every decision made by the designers of a virtual world game is a political decision. Every debate over the rules and every change to the software is political. When players talk about the rules, they are practicing politics. Once you know to look for virtual politics, they're everywhere. Designers are the governments of these virtual worlds. Like real governments, they make the laws under which citizens must live. And like real governments, they are accountable, after a fashion, to their constituents. Players use designers as agents, employing them to make and enforce the collective decisions that need to be made to make a virtual world function well. Designers focus the diffuse (and conflicted) will of the players into something actionable: software. More importantly, almost every design decision - even a seemingly uncontested one - has winners and losers.
Asking the First Question: Reframing Bivens after Minneci

In Minneci v. Pollard, decided in January 2012, the Supreme Court refused to recognize a Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Narcotics Agents suit against employees of a privately run federal prison because state tort law provided an alternative remedy, thereby adding a federalism twist to what had been strictly a separation-of-powers debate. In this Article, we show why this new state-law focus is misguided. We first trace the Court’s prior alternative-remedies-to-Bivens holdings, illustrating that this history is one narrowly focused on separation of powers at the federal level. Minneci’s break with this tradition raises several concerns. On a doctrinal level, the opinion destroys Bivens’ long-established parallelism with 42 U.S.C. § 1983 actions, where suits against privately employed individuals are allowed. Additionally, it creates asymmetries between the constitutional liability faced by privately and federally employed prison employees. More significantly, it conflicts with congressional intent as expressed in the Westfall Act, which codified the Bivens remedy in 1988, by conflating two distinct questions: whether a suit requires the courts to extend Bivens jurisprudence to a new context and whether, assuming an extension is necessary, such an extension is warranted. This piece offers the only full discussion to date of the importance of this “first question” to the Bivens canon. We end this Article by offering several strategies for limiting Minneci’s impact and for returning Bivens jurisprudence to its separation-of-powers roots.
Crash Simulation of Structural Foam

On the base of the Finite Element Method (FED) simulation models for structural foam in crash relevant body components will be developed. These models will be implemented into commercial software and can be used in the development of vehicle structures. The first step is the material characterization model will be developed and validated. In the last step simulations will be performed with the new simulation tool and the results will be compared to test results. The potential of structural foam in two crash relevant body areas, the bumper beam aluminum foam and a B-pillar polymer foam application will be shown.
A comparison of recharge rates in aquifers of the United States based on groundwater-age data

An overview is presented of existing groundwater-age data and their implications for assessing rates and timescales of recharge in selected unconfined aquifer systems of the United States. Apparent age distributions in aquifers determined from chlorofluorocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride, tritium/helium-3, and radiocarbon measurements from 565 wells in 45 networks were used to calculate groundwater recharge rates. Timescales of recharge were defined by 1,873 distributed tritium measurements and 102 radiocarbon measurements from 27 well networks. Recharge rates ranged from < 10 to 1,200 mm/yr in selected aquifers on the basis of measured vertical age distributions and assuming exponential age gradients. On a regional basis, recharge rates based on tracers of young groundwater exhibited a significant inverse correlation with mean annual air temperature and a significant positive correlation with mean annual precipitation. Comparison of recharge derived from groundwater ages with recharge derived from stream base-flow evaluation showed similar overall patterns but substantial local differences. Results from this compilation demonstrate that age-based recharge estimates can provide useful insights into spatial and temporal variability in recharge at a national scale and factors controlling that variability. Local age-based recharge estimates provide empirical data and process information that are needed for testing and improving more spatially complete model-based methods.
The Arts, Crafts, and Sciences of Psychotherapy

Contemporary training and practice of psychotherapy and the research that supports it is the subject of this review. I discuss it in the light of what I value most from my own professional training, which was, in my opinion, highly privileged by comparison with what is offered today. A minimal hoped-for outcome is that younger readers will find valuable tidbits here and there that will be useful in their own versions of psychotherapy. A maximal hope is that a few individuals who choose to maintain clinical skills as well as emphasize psychotherapy research might be encouraged to follow their instincts toward excellence. They would allow their curiosity to bloom and their work to be creative and more adherent to the rules of natural science than time allows in these days of dashboards that count funding associated with numbers of publications, grants, teaching, and service hours. Admittedly, that path less well traveled would be risky, because what truly is new takes time to develop and implement and the outcomes when research truly can disconfirm hypotheses (as distinct from fail to confirm them) are, well, uncertain.
Primary structure, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter in human colon

By moving chloride into epithelial cells, the Na-K-Cl cotransporter aids transcellular movement of chloride across both secretory and absorptive epithelia. Using cDNA probes from the recently identified elasmobranch secretory Na-K-Cl cotransporter (sNKCC1) (Xu, J. C., Lytle, C. Zhu, T. T., Payne, J. A., Benz, E., and Forbush, B., III(1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91, 2201-2205), we have identified the human homologue. By screening cDNA libraries of a human colonic carcinoma line, T84 cell, we identified a sequence of 4115 bases from overlapping clones. The deduced protein is 1212 amino acids in length, and analysis of the primary structure indicates 12 transmembrane segments. The primary structure is 74% identical to sNKCC1, 91% identical to a mouse Na-K-Cl cotransporter (mNKCC1), 58% identical to rabbit and rat renal Na-K-Cl cotransporters (NKCC2), and 43% identical to the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporters from flounder urinary bladder and rat kidney. Similar to sNKCC1 and mNKCC1, the 5′-end of the human colonic cotransporter is rich in G+C content. Interestingly, a triple repeat (GCG)7 occurs within the 5′-coding region and contributes to a large alanine repeat (Ala15). Two sites for N-linked glycosylation are predicted on an extracellular loop between putative transmembrane segments 7 and 8. A single potential site for phosphorylation by protein kinase A is present in the predicted cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. Northern blot analysis revealed a 7.4-7.5-kilobase transcript in T84 cells and shark rectal gland and a ~7.2-kilobase transcript in mammalian colon, kidney, lung, and stomach. Metaphase spreads from lymphocytes were probed with biotin-labeled cDNA and avidin fluorescein (the cotransporter gene was localized to human chromosome 5 at position 5q23.3). Human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with the full-length cDNA expressed a ~170-kDa protein recognized by anti-cotransporter antibodies. Following treatment with N-glycosidase F, the molecular mass of the expressed protein was similar to that predicted for the core protein from the cDNA sequence (132-kDa) and identical to that of deglycosylated T84 cotransporter (~135-kDa). The stably transfected cells exhibited a ~15-fold greater bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb influx than control cells, and this flux required external sodium and chloride. Flux kinetics were consistent with an electroneutral cotransport of 1Na:1K:2Cl. Preincubation in chloride-free media was necessary to activate fully the expressed cotransporter, suggesting a [Cl]-dependent regulatory mechanism.
The Role of Surface Tension Effects During Methanol Droplet Combustion

A numerical investigation of methanol droplet combustion in a zero-gravity and low-pressure convective environment is presented. Simulations have been carried out using a predictive, transient and axisymmetric model, which includes droplet heating, liquid-phase circulation and water absorption. First, a suspended droplet (constant relative velocity) burning in an ambient of air at 300K is considered. A nearly quiescent environment (initial Reynolds number Re0 =0.01) is used to impose a weak gas-phase convective flow, introducing a deviation from spherical symmetry. The resulting weak liquid-phase circulation is greatly enhanced due to surface tension effects, which create a complex, time-varying, multicellular flow pattern within the liquid droplet. The complex flow pattern, which, in the presence of surface tension, results in nearly perfect mixing, causes increased water absorption within the droplet, leading to larger extinction diameters. Surface tension effects are shown to be dominant in causing water absorption, even at initial Reynolds numbers as high as 5. Results for combustion in a nearly quiescent environment (Re0 =0.01) with varying initial droplet diameters, (d0 = 0.16 to 1.72 mm), show that predictions of droplet extinction diameters, although they are still below the experimental data, do improve substantially when surface tension effects are included. Next, results for suspended droplets and for moving droplets burning in an ambient of air at 1200K, for a range of initial Reynolds numbers that are of interest in spray combustion (Re0 =1-100) are presented. It is shown that, for moving droplets, due to the presence of an envelope flame at some stage during the droplet lifetime, surface tension is important over the entire range of Re0 considered; the extinction diameter decreases with increasing Re0 . Extinction is not observed for a moving droplet when surface tension effects are neglected. For suspended droplets, when transition or envelope flame is present, which corresponds to Re0 less than approximately 15, surface tension is important; when an envelope flame is present (Re0 less than approximately 10), the extinction diameter increases with Re0 . The variation of droplet lifetime with Re0 is much stronger for suspended droplets than for moving droplets. Depending on the Reynolds number, results on methanol droplet lifetimes and extinction diameters measured through suspended droplet experiments may not be applicable to moving droplets.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effect of Ethylene on Cell Division and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Pisum sativum

Ethylene and supraoptimal levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibit the growth of the apical hook region of etiolated Pisum sativum (var. Alaska) seedlings by stopping almost all cell divisions. Cells are prevented from entering prophase. The hormones also retard cell division in intact root tips and completely stop the process in lateral buds. The latter inhibition is reversed partially by benzyl adenine. In root tips and the stem plumular and subhook regions, ethylene inhibits DNA synthesis. The magnitude of this inhibition is correlated with the degree of repression of cell division in meristematic tissue, suggesting that the effect on cell division results from a lack of DNA synthesis. Ethylene inhibits cell division within a few hours with a dose-response curve similar to that for most other actions of the gas. Experiments with seedlings grown under hypobaric conditions suggest that the gas naturally controls plumular expansion and cell division in the apical region.
Money, debt and deficits in a dynamic game

This paper analyzes a dynamic linear-quadratic game between the fiscal and monetary authorities. The equilibrium outcome of the game determines the time path of money creation, fiscal deficits and public debt. The game is solved for different equilibrium concepts. The equilibria are then compared and interpreted with reference to alternative institutional arrangements. The main results are: (i) Coordination increases the speed of adjustment towards the steady state and takes the steady state value of public debt closer to the desired target, (ii) Precommitments take the non-cooperative equilibrium closer to the coordinated outcome. (iii) Increasing the weight that each policymaker assigns to his own private objectives slows down the adjustment process, places more burden on the opponent, but has ambiguous effects on the steady state value of public debt.
The Role and Value of Global Business Research: Perspective of a Business School Dean

The scope of this article is two-fold. First, it looks at business research in general, in various countries, as a task that the dean wants to have faculty members pursue, to attain goals such as accreditation and ranking with organizations such as the AACSB, Equis, the Financial Times, and US News & World Report. And second, it looks at international business research as part of what business schools produce and what a dean can encourage. As more academics realize the importance of international competition, and also of dealing with people from other cultures and countries, IB research is becoming more acceptable in mainstream publications as well as in specialized international business ones. Key questions discussed here include encouraging, measuring, promoting, and financing international business research.
Continued Controversies: Issues in Mental Health Research and Implications for Nursing

The purpose of this article is to heighten awareness and provide information on issues that have affected and continue to affect the mentally ill who participate in research studies. Three of the major controversies surrounding medical research (placebo and washout studies, challenge studies, and informed consent), ethical concerns related to these issues, and proposed strategies to protect and safeguard mentally ill participants are examined. The role of the nurse as patient advocate and educator, in accordance with the American Nurses Association's ethical code for nurses, is discussed.J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2007; 13(4), 221-229.