cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiments on ceramic formation from liquid precursor spray axially injected into an oxy-acetylene flame

Abstract An aqueous ceramic precursor solution was sprayed axially into an oxy-acetylene flame to produce yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic deposits. Temperature and velocity fields of the oxy-acetylene flame were characterized by chemiluminescence and particle image velocimetry. Deposit samples were extracted from the flame at several downstream locations to study deposit evolution. The deposit phase and morphology were determined from Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Formation of the ceramic material commenced at around 4 cm distance from the injection point. The spectral peaks of the t′-phase of yttria-stabilized zirconia increased with increasing downstream distance whereas those of the precursor decayed.
Testing the utility of the porphyroclast hyperbolic distribution method of kinematic vorticity analysis

Kinematic vorticity (Wk) is a dimensionless measure of rotation relative to finite stretching and is essential for complete understanding of flow in ductile shear zones. The porphyroclast hyperbolic distribution (PHD) method is a widely used technique for estimating Wk based on the acute angle between the flow eigenvectors determined from the orientations of back-rotated s porphyroclasts. The utility of the PHD was tested with Tertiary ultramylonites from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, Proterozoic ultramylonites from the Virgin Mountains, Nevada, and a Paleozoic ultramylonite from the Hylas zone in the Virginia Piedmont. Bootstrapping statistics and a computational sieving process were used to analyze the PHD data set. Average standard deviations of the bootstrapped data sets yield a 1s standard error of � 9% for a Wk-value measured as a % simple shear. Sieving results imply that back-rotated porphyroclasts may not orient parallel to the extensional eigenvector. The PHD method is useful for discerning between deformations that are pure shear dominated, general shear, or simple shear dominated, but is not accurate enough to report precise Wk-values. When performed on multiple sections the PHD method can identify zones of monoclinic versus triclinic shear. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interspecific aggregation of ectoparasites on bats: importance of hosts as habitats supersedes interspecific interactions

Patterns of aggregation of species or individuals may result from combinations of interspecifi c interactions such as competition, facilitation, or apparent facilitation, as well as from equivalent responses to environmental factors. Host – parasite systems are ideal for the investigation of mechanisms that structure assemblages. Interspecifi c aggregation is documented for multiple groups that are ectoparasitic on mammals and host-mediated apparent facilitation has been suggested to explain these aggregation patterns. To investigate the generality of this pattern and to determine likely structuring mechanisms, I analyzed species co-occurrence, correlations of abundances, and nestedness for ectoparasite assemblages from each of 11 species of Neotropical bat. Ectoparasite assemblages on four of 11 host species exhibited signifi cant positive co-occurrence for the entire assemblage or for at least one pair of species in the assemblage; ectoparasites on two host species exhibited positive co-occurrence that approached signifi cance. Th ere was no evidence of negative co-occurrence. Nine species-pairs exhibited positive abundance correlations, including seven of the eight species-pairs that exhibited positive co-occurrence. No species-pair exhibited a negative correlation of abundances (i.e. density compensation). Ectoparasite assemblages from fi ve of 11 host species exhibited nestedness, including all three assemblages that exhibited assemblage-wide positive cooccurrence. Multiple mechanisms associated with host characteristics may contribute to host aggregation in ectoparasite assemblages, including host body size, vagility, home range size, burrow or roost size and complexity, immunocompetence and social structure. In general, data in this study and elsewhere are not consistent with interspecifi c interactions among ectoparasites, including apparent facilitation, being primary structuring mechanisms of ectoparasite assemblages on mammalian hosts. Rather, host behavior and ecology are likely to aff ect the frequency of host – ectoparasite encounters and of conspecifi c host interactions that facilitate transfer of ectoparasites, thereby, molding patterns of ectoparasite co-occurrence, abundance and species composition on mammalian hosts. Combinations of characteristics that are primarily responsible for molding ectoparasite assemblage composition likely are host-taxon specifi c.
"Invisible" gold revealed: Direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit

Although As-rich, hydrothermal overgrowths on pyrite have been recognized as the primary host phase for Au in Carlin-type deposits in Nevada, the chemical and structural state of the Au has remained unresolved. Spectroscopic and electron imaging techniques have suggested that Au is either structurally bound (e.g., Au 1+ ) or occurs as particles of native Au (Au 0 ), but the latter has never been observed directly. We have determined that Au is present in signiÞ cant quantities as discrete nanoparticles of native Au (~5–10 nm) in As-rich overgrowths on pyrite from the Screamer deposit in the Carlin trend, Nevada, using analytical and high-resolution TEM and high-angle annular dark-Þ eld (HAADF) imaging in STEM mode. Electron microprobe and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of the As-rich rims containing the Au-particles reveal that these rims (1–20 ∝m) contain up to 0.8 wt% Au, among the highest Au-contents ever reported for arsenian pyrite. These observations suggest two possible mechanisms for nanoparticle formation: that Au exceeded its solubility limit in arsenian pyrite causing it to be deposited as nanoparticles of native metal; or that exsolution of native metal from metastable arsenian pyrite was caused by a later event in the history of the deposit.
Event-Driven Data Acquisition and Digital Signal Processing—A Tutorial

Event-driven analog-to-digital conversion and associated digital signal processing techniques are reviewed. Such techniques, still in the research stage, have the potential to significantly reduce the consumption of energy and bandwidth resources in several important applications.
Travelers’ Perceptions of Crisis Preparedness Certification in the United States

This study aimed to understand travelers’ perceptions about the benefits of tourism crisis preparedness certification and its potential to positively influence the travelers’ destination decision-making process. A survey of U.S. households revealed that, in general, travelers are neutral or not sure about certification and its relationship to safety, benefits, and future travel. The main predictors of likelihood to travel to a certified tourism prepared destination were as follows: (1) I have a great deal of confidence in such a crisis certification process; (2) I would feel safer when visiting a certified crisis prepared travel destination; (3) A certified crisis prepared destination would be safer to visit than one that is not; and (4) a crisis prepared certification benefits the visitor. The findings imply a need for a clear definition and conceptualization of tourism crisis preparedness certification. By extension, the benefits of certification should be articulated to travelers so they can make infor...
Measuring soil moisture content non‐invasively at intermediate spatial scale using cosmic‐ray neutrons

[3] We present a novel non-invasive technique that utilizes the dependence of the low-energy cosmic-ray neutron intensity above the ground surface on the hydrogen content of soil. The cosmic-ray method is based on slowing down and thermalization of cosmic-ray neutrons by hydrogen atoms present in soil. Soil moisture greatly affects the rate at which fast neutrons are moderated, controlling neutron concentration in soils and prescribing their emission into the air. Dry soils have low moderating power and are therefore highly emissive; wet soils are more moderating and therefore less emissive as highly moderated neutrons are more efficiently removed from the system. The change in soil neutron emission is sufficient to produce a clear signal in the neutron intensity above the surface. For soil moisture content varying from zero to 40% volumetrically, the corresponding decrease in cosmic-ray neutron intensity above the surface is 60%, a hundredth of which can easily be measured using a neutron detector.
A MIMO cautious self‐tuning controller

This paper presents a simple linear model based self-tuning controller (STC) for MIMO systems. The controller, namely the cautious selftuning controller (CSTC), features enhanced robustness characteristics in the case of unmodeled nonlinearities and / or dynamics. The controller structure is that of a linear quadratic, minimizing a single-step cost function, and with time varying input penalization. The CSTC can be applied to open-loop stable and minimum-phase systems. Application to a simulated distillation column demonstrates its effectiveness.
IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY FUEL IN HIGH-SPEED FLOWS

were measured. The results indicate that compared with hydroxy-terminated-polybutadiene fuel at the same thermodynamic conditions and geometrical cone guration the dimer ignition times are one order of magnitude faster. The heat released by combustion by the dimers is more than twice as large. Phase change, ignition, and combustion processes of these fuels are investigated with the aid of scanning electron microscope, high-speed photography, and pressure and temperature measurements.
Algorithms and bounds for shortest paths and diameter in faulty hypercubes

In an n-dimensional hypercube Qn, with the fault set mod F mod >2/sub n-2/, assuming Sand D are not isolated, it is shown that there exists a path of length equal to at mosttheir Hamming distance plus 4. An algorithm with complexity O( mod F mod logn) is given to find such a path. A bound for the diameter of the faulty hypercube Qn-F, when mod F mod >2/sub n-2/, as n+2 is obtained. This improves the previously known bound of n+6 obtained by A.-H. Esfahanian (1989). Worst case scenarios are constructed to show that these bounds for shortest paths and diameter are tight. It is also shown that when mod F mod >2n-2, the diameter bound is reduced to n+1 if every node has at least 2 nonfaulty neighbors and reduced to n if every node has at least 3 nonfaulty neighbors.
The Depression Treatment Cascade in Primary Care: A Public Health Perspective

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and costly. Primary care remains a major access point for depression treatment, yet the successful clinical resolution of depression in primary care is uncommon. The clinical response to depression suffers from a “treatment cascade”: the affected individual must access health care, be recognized clinically, initiate treatment, receive adequate treatment, and respond to treatment. Major gaps currently exist in primary care at each step along this treatment continuum. We estimate that 12.5% of primary care patients have had MDD in the past year; of those with MDD, 47% are recognized clinically, 24% receive any treatment, 9% receive adequate treatment, and 6% achieve remission. Simulations suggest that only by targeting multiple steps along the depression treatment continuum (e.g. routine screening combined with collaborative care models to support initiation and maintenance of evidence-based depression treatment) can overall remission rates for primary care patients be substantially improved.
Digit Span Age Scaled Score in Middle-Aged Military Veterans: Is It More Closely Associated with TOMM Failure than Reliable Digit Span?

The relative usefulness of two digit span (DS) variables in detecting negative response bias, as defined by below cut-off performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), was examined among primarily middle-aged military veteran outpatients who were judged clinically to be at increased risk for displaying negative response bias on cognitive testing. Digit span variables included DS Age Scaled Score (DS Age SS) and Reliable DS. Findings from this retrospective data analysis (N = 46) suggest that DS Age SS is preferable for use over Reliable DS in predicting TOMM failure. Results of the current study suggest that, particularly if the Wechsler scales are an existing part of the neuropsychological assessment, examination of DS Age SS is an efficient means of detecting negative response bias.
Design of the AGS Booster ionization profile monitor

The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) booster ionization profile monitor (IPM) must operate in a vacuum of about 3*10/sup -/0/sup 11/ Torr. The authors present details of the design of the profile monitor. The ultra-high vacuum imposes certain requirements on detector gain and restrictions on construction techniques. Each detector is a two-stage microchannel plate with an integral substrate containing sixty-four printed anodes. Formed electrodes provide uniform collection fields without the use of resistors, which would be unacceptable in these vacuum conditions. An ultraviolet light calibrates the detector in its permanent mounting. An extra set of electrodes performs a first order correction to the perturbations imposed by the horizontal and vertical collection electrodes. >
Wood Ultrastructure in Relation to Chemical Composition

Wood structure can be studied at the gross level with the unaided eye, at the anatomical level with the light microscope, or at the ultrastructural level with the transmission electron microscope. In essence, resolving power of the optical system used defines the structural domain observed.
Work in progress - using a course management system in K-12 education

We report on the recent activities of PRISM, an electronic hub to support integration of digital resources into 6th - 12th-grade STEM classrooms for Indiana teachers. Specifically, this presentation gives a description and a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of integrating a course management system (Moodle) into a range of 6th - 12th grade content courses.
A Discrete-State Continuous-Time Model of Financial Transactions Prices and Times

Financial transaction prices typically lie on a discrete grid of values and arrive at random times. This paper proposes an econometric model with this structure. The distribution of each price change is a multinomial, conditional on past information and the time interval between the transactions. The proposed autoregressive conditional multinomial (ACM) model is not restricted to be Markov or symmetric in response to shocks; however, such restrictions can be imposed. The duration between trades is modeled as an autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model following Engle and Russell (1998). Maximum likelihood estimation and testing procedures are developed. The model is estimated with 12 months of tick data on a moderately frequently traded NYSE stock, Airgas. The preferred model is estimated, with three lags for the ACM model and two lags for the ACD model. Both price returns and squared returns influence future durations and present and past durations affect price movements. The model exhibits revers...
Towards the Development of Transient Compact Thermal Models of Electronic Packages That Are Consistent With Steady State Limits

Recent progress is presented in the development of a class of transient compact thermal models (CTM’s) that may be used for predicting transient package junction temperatures independently of the boundary conditions imposed on the physical surfaces. The models are traditional RC networks in which the unknown capacitances are extracted by a non-linear optimization process. The resistors of the compact RC network model are values extracted in a traditional steady-state parameter extraction method. Validation results are presented for a canonical transient one-dimensional fin problem with a known analytical solution. Transient CTM’s were formulated for a three layer model exposed to three different BC sets. Using an optimization process based on error minimization of the transient junction temperature, the capacitances networks were extracted at early, middle, and late time intervals. The junction temperature predicted by the dynamic CTM was within 15% of a numerical model. As expected, for a fixed number of parameters, the optimal values of the capacitances are dependent on the time domain. Because the resistances are extracted from the steady state formulations, the dynamic CTM’s asymptote to steady state limits that are consistent with steady state CTM formulations. We hypothesize that the non-uniqueness of the parameter set for this type of reduced order thermal model leads to disparate sets of values that yield similar accuracy.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Seasonal Differences in the Response of Rufous Hummingbirds to Food Restriction: Body Mass and the Use of Torpor

Daily food consumption of captive Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) was restricted during two different seasons to determine the effect of chronically reduced food intake on body mass and the role of nocturnal torpor in promoting changes in body mass. Daily food consumption was reduced to 70-90% of ad libitum levels for 15 days in spring and for 30 days in summer. In spring, all birds (n = 4) showed increases in both body mass and use of torpor during restriction, although energy saved by using torpor was sufficient to compensate for energy lost through food restriction in only two birds. As soon as ad libitum feeding was resumed, three of the four birds showed a decline in body mass and a reduction in the use of torpor. In summer, birds (n = 9) had higher body masses at the start of the experiment, reflecting normal seasonal fluctuations in body mass. During food restriction, birds spent less time torpid than during spring restriction, and in most birds body mass declined or showed no significant change. The initial response of all birds to the return of ad libitum feeding included decreased use of torpor and, in contrast to spring, a rapid increase in body mass. Seasonal differences in response to food restriction may reflect reduced stress response in these high-altitude, high-latitude breeders during the short breeding season, when the physiological and behavioral consequences of responding to environmental stress may interfere with breeding success.
Novel intragastric trocar placed by PEG technique permits endolumenal use of rigid instruments to simplify complex endoscopic procedures

Background and Aims The lack of triangulation has restricted the growth of flexible endoscopic surgical techniques. In addition, endoscope channel size limits the type of tools that can be used. A novel percutaneous intragastric trocar (PIT) has been developed to address these issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the procedural characteristics of PIT placement and removal, as well as its therapeutic applications. Methods We placed 10 PIT devices in 8 Yorkshire pigs. We performed therapeutic procedures in 5 animals, including 3 endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESD), 2 gastroesophageal junction stapling procedures, and 2 full-thickness resections (FTR). Access site closure was standardized and performed in each animal, and leak testing was then completed. Immediately after this, necropsy was performed to determine whether acute adverse events had occurred. The primary endpoint was technical success, with secondary endpoints of successful access site closure and therapeutic procedure time. Results Ten devices in 8 pigs were placed successfully (100%) into the stomach without adverse events. ESD was completed in 3 cases with a mean time of 13.5 minutes. Stapling at the gastroesophageal junction and FTR were each completed in 2 cases. Full-thickness suture closure was determined to be complete and successful on leak test in all 10 closure attempts. Necropsy revealed no acute adverse events in all cases. Conclusions The PIT device, deployed using the standard procedural steps of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement, is safe and effective for use in the porcine model. PIT allows use of rigid instruments not previously available to the flexible endoscopist, including laparoscopic staplers, and potentially shortens procedure times for complex endoscopic techniques by allowing adjustable tissue traction.
Modeling floor systems for collapse analysis

Abstract Gravity load redistribution and collapse resistance of structures following loss of load bearing elements due to natural and manmade hazards significantly depend on the floor response. Effects of floor system modeling on collapse resistance of damaged structures are studied in this paper. In particular, axial and flexural constraints imposed by the floor slab on joists and beams of RC structures is evaluated and characterized. The axial constraint imposed by the slab leads to additional compressive force, enhancing flexural response and in turn load carrying capacity of beams and joists. The flexural constraint can be captured by proper modeling approaches and can help improve the response of floor joists and beams. It is shown that the method by which the floor system is modeled has considerable effects on the floor response following loss of load bearing elements. The effects of modeling techniques on the structural response are also evaluated from an energy point of view. The effects of flexural-axial, as well as torsional cracking of the floor slab are evaluated and characterized.
Chapter 2 Spoiling Sir Philip Sidney: Mourning and Military Violence in the Elegies, Lant’s Roll, and Greville’s Life of the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney

Harlan shifts her focus to a series of texts that narrate the wounding and death of Sir Philip Sidney and argues that these tributes rely on militant nostalgia to control the activities of mourning and memorializing and operate as forms of textual trophy. She analyzes how Sidney’s elegists established his armored body as a spoil, as well as how Thomas Lant’s 1588 scroll depicting the funeral procession appropriated, or spoiled, two processional discourses: the Roman triumph and the Roman scroll. All of these tributes are invested in controlling potentially excessive grief, including Greville’s 1652 Life of the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney, which fixates on the wounded Sidney as a means of exploring masculine friendship and the goals of early modern life-writing.
NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS for A = 84

Abstract Nuclear structure information from radioactive decay studies and nuclear reactions pertaining to mass 84 nuclei are compiled, and adopted level schemes are presented. It was found that there are relatively few data for several of these nuclei and, therefore, all data and adopted values for 84 As, 84 Se, 84 Kr and 84 Sr are presented in the Summary Sheets. There are no separate Data Sheets for these nuclei. Many levels have been populated in 84 Sr and, to a lesser extent, in 84 Kr from the decay of 84 Y and 84 Br, respectively. However, the properties of most of these levels, other than their energies and gamma-decay modes, are unknown. There also appears to be some uncertainty as to placement of the highest energy beta transition observed in the decay of 84 Y. Only two excited states have been studied in each of the odd-odd nuclei, 86 Br and 86 Rb, one of them being a long-lived metastable state in each case. The decay of 86m Rb is rather interesting since, if the presently adopted gammaray intensities and decay scheme are correct, a large E4/M3 or M4/E3 mixing ratio is indicated for one of the transitions. The adopted level properties are based on data received through July 1970. Data from a recent study of 84 Rb have been added in proof.
Adventitious Root Formation in Rosa Multiflora ‘Brooks 56’ Hardwood Cuttings

Production of Texas field grown rose bushes is inefficient with less than 60 percent of Rosa multiflora hardwood cuttings developing into marketable plants after two years of commercial production. Uniformity of rooting of hardwood cuttings differs between field location and time of year. Treatments consisting of Hare's powder, 0, 3000, 10000 mg/l IBA (0, 300, 10000 ppm), 2N H2SO4 acid treatment, NaOH solution pH 10.5 and/or wounding were established to test the effect of selected chemical and mechanical treatments on rooting hardwood Rosa multiflora cuttings propagated under field and greenhouse conditions. Results were comparable between field and greenhouse propagated hardwood cuttings. Best treatments were with Hare's powder and wounding, while acid, base and IBA treatments did not enhance rooting. The importance of determining the physiological condition of field stock plants for successful rooting of hardwood cuttings is discussed.
Computational Modeling of Laminated Veneer Bamboo Dowel Connections

AbstractLaminated veneer bamboo (LVB) is a relatively new building product made from layers of glued bamboo and used in applications similar to lumber. Few studies exist on its mechanical performan...
Cities: Managing densely settled social-ecological systems

The transition from a rural to urban population represents a demographic, economic, cultural, and environmental tipping point. In 1800, about 3% of the world’s human population lived in urban areas. By 1900, this proportion rose to approximately 14% and now exceeds 50% in 2008. Nearly every week 1.3 million additional people arrive in the world’s cities (about 70 million a year), with increases due to migration being largest in developing countries (Brand 2006, Chan 2007). People in developing countries have relocated from the countryside to towns and cities of every size during the past 50 years. The urban population on a global basis is projected by the UN to climb to 61% by 2030 and eventually reach a dynamic equilibrium of approximately 80% urban to 20% rural dwellers that will persist for the foreseeable future (Brand 2006, Johnson 2006). This change from 3% urban population to the projected 80% urban is a massive change in the social-ecological dynamics of the planet.
Teaching effectiveness of sound with pictures that do not embody the material being taught

The data show that instruction through sound linked to images by association only is followed by a significant increase in factual learning over the next most effective method, sound alone. The results suggest further that the projection of abstract forms on the screen distracts attention more than it improves concentration, and that the distraction is worsened by the increased detail, or the incongruity, of an irrelevant picture. These facts indicate promising possibilities for increased use of audiovisual aids in fields where they have been little tried because the subject-matter was not suitable for concrete visualization. Any topic which can be linked associatively with a person, object, or scene would seem to lend itself to presentation by this method. However, more tests appear to be called for to determine whether or not the gain reported in this study can be maintained with difficult material, and at a level which would justify the expense of producing films or photographs. It would be interesting to know, also, how many statements can be attached to a single image or related images before the teaching effect of the image wears out. Finally, further investigation might shed light on the nature of the learning described here, of which it was the purpose of this study to assess only the final result. Does the visual image, as May and Lumsdaine suggest (2), reinforce the sound or mediate the response when recalled? Does it provide a sense of actuality which serves as a stimulus; or does it imply a question which the sound-track answers? Experiments along these lines might furnish evidence which can contribute to more extensive theory of learning from films and similar aids.
Teaching…: Make it an Island of Excellence in a World of Mediocrity

(1960). Teaching… Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 33-33.
Impacts of Atmospheric Change on Tree–Arthropod Interactions

Abstract Anthropogenic activities are increasing concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, especially atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3, that play significant roles in the functioning of forest ecosystems. Elevated levels of CO2 and O3 alter tree metabolism, growth, and chemical composition. Shift in chemical composition may, in turn, cascade through trophic levels to influence ecosystem processes important for forest functioning. As the most abundant animals in forest ecosystems, arthropods influence multiple facets of ecosystem functioning, including herbivory, predation, and nutrient cycling. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of atmospheric change on tree foliar chemistry and address the responses by forest arthropods to atmospheric change at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. We identify knowledge gaps and highlight future research directions that will further our understanding of the influence of atmospheric change on forest ecosystems in future environments.
Research on Fast Conversion Method of Metallic Return to Earth Return Operation mode in HVDC System

The grounding current at monopolar ground retrun opertaion mode of the HVDC system will adversely affect the surrounding environment. In order to reduce the influence of the grounding current, it is necessary to reduce the conversion time from earth return to metallic return operation mode. The fast conversion method was studied in this paper, two technical methods using Bypass(BPS) switch and converter valve bypass pair were proposed. It is verified through simulation that these two methods can reduce conversion time to about 3s, and effectively reduce the impact of grounding current. At the same time, the proposed method has no effect on existing primary equipment and doesn’t require additional equipment.
Redefining Clean Water Regulations Reduces Protections for Wetlands and Jurisdictional Uncertainty

The 2015 Clean Water Rule is being enforced in 26 states, with a legal stay resulting in the prior rules being enforced in the remaining 24 states, and a proposed re-definition is open for public comment. These rules define which streams and wetlands are protected by the Clean Water Act and which require a permit for development, fill, or discharge of water and pollutants. In the Wabash River Basin, as much as 39% of wetlands in the basin would lose their current federal protections. The 2015 Clean Water Rule did not expand jurisdictional scope, but the proposed rule would significantly contract protections in our study basin. The proposed re-definition shifts uncertainty from the “significant nexus” test to definitions of stream intermittency and typical hydrologic conditions.
Improving student understanding of a system of identical particles with a fixed total energy

We discuss an investigation of student difficulties with whether a given total energy is possible for the system under given constraints, the possible outcomes of an energy measurement, and the probability of obtaining a particular energy if we randomly measured the energy of one particle and concepts involved in determining the number of distinct many-particle states in a system of noninteracting identical particles with a fixed total energy. The investigation was carried out in advanced quantum mechanics courses by administering free-response and multiple-choice questions and conducting individual interviews with students. We also discuss how the research was used as a guide to develop, validate, and evaluate a Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorial (QuILT), which strives to help students develop a functional understanding of the relevant concepts for a system of non-interacting identical particles with a fixed total energy. We discuss the development and validation of the identical particles QuILT and its evaluation in the undergraduate and graduate courses that focused on these issues.
Intergenerational Transmission of Emotion Dysregulation: The Role of Authoritarian Parenting Style and Family Chronic Stress

Although studies support a direct association between parent and child emotion regulation, little work has considered potential mechanisms, such as family context. For example, parents who have difficulty regulating their emotions may be more likely to adopt an authoritarian parenting style, especially under high family chronic stress, and this parenting style may then influence children’s development of emotion regulation. The current study examined authoritarian parenting style as a potential mechanism of the intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation. We also examined how maternal emotion regulation and family chronic stress interact to influence parenting behaviors. A total of 218 mother-adolescent dyads (M age = 15.5 years, 55% female) were recruited from the community and assessed using a mix of self-report measures of emotion dysregulation and parenting style, and interview-based measures of family chronic stress. Results showed maternal emotion dysregulation predicted authoritarian parenting style that, in turn, predicted adolescent emotion dysregulation, with a significant indirect effect. Family chronic stress strengthened the association between maternal emotion dysregulation and authoritarian parenting style, such that the indirect effect of maternal emotion regulation on adolescent emotion regulation via authoritarian parenting style was stronger at high levels of chronic stress. Results suggest that authoritarian parenting style and family chronic stress serve as important factors in the intergenerational transmission of emotion regulation.
Task Analysis for Measuring Mobility and Recovery Following Right-Sided TKA: Toward Determining Driver Readiness

Following a right-sided total knee arthroplasty (TKA), standard clinical recommendations for patients is to refrain from driving for 6 weeks. Clinical assessments of recovery include mobility tests but do not specifically assess fitness to drive. As a first step in assessment of driver readiness, this study aimed to compare vehicle entry behaviors and mobility assessments between TKA patients and healthy controls. 18 participants (9 TKA participants) completed three in-laboratory visits where they completed mobility tests and entered a full-cab car. Videos of vehicle entry were reviewed and annotated for time—timed vehicle entry (TVE)—and to categorize entry mode. TVE was significantly slower for TKA participants before surgery and 3 weeks after the procedure (p < 0.05) but not 6 weeks after (p < 0.05). TVE was positively correlated with timed up and go (TUG, r = 0.65, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with right knee range of motion (ROM, r = -0.5, p < 0.05). Range of motion was not significantly different across entry modes between TKA participants and controls. This study was not conclusive to the utility of TVE to replace ROM and TUG for driver readiness; however, this work demonstrated the use of a real-world task that is related to driving for providing patient recovery and behavioral information.
Synthesis of Hidden State Transitions for Sequential Logic Locking

Oracle guided attacks, such as the satisfiability attack, are a significant concern when obfuscating an integrated circuit (IC). Partitioned finite state machine (FSM) based sequential logic locking techniques are much more resilient to oracle guided attacks due to the differences in the state space between the oracle and the IC under attack. However, susceptibility to structural attacks and the extraction of the transition state between the obfuscated and functional modes of an FSM threaten the efficacy of sequential logic locking. Therefore, a methodology to synthesize hidden state transitions (HSTs) into an FSM within an IC is developed. HSTs and logic cone modifications are utilized to further enhance the security of sequentially locked circuits by increasing the number of paths an adversary must search and reducing the susceptibility to structural attacks. An algorithm to insert hidden transitions and logic cone modifications into a netlist is developed that results in an average overhead of 6.79% in area, 7.78% in power, and 8.28% in performance across all of the ISCAS’89 sequential benchmark circuits. To modify the logic cone with two altered minterms, the average increase in area and power, beyond what is needed for the implementation of HSTs, is 26.46% and 30.30%, respectively, with no additional overhead in performance.
Learning Pose Estimation for UAV Autonomous Navigation and Landing Using Visual-Inertial Sensor Data

In this work, we propose a robust network-in-the-loop control system for autonomous navigation and landing of an Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV). To estimate the UAV's absolute pose, we develop a deep neural network (DNN) architecture for visual-inertial odometry, which provides a robust alternative to traditional methods. We first evaluate the accuracy of the estimation by comparing the prediction of our model to traditional visual-inertial approaches on the publicly available EuRoC MAV dataset. The results indicate a clear improvement in the accuracy of the pose estimation up to 25% over the baseline. Finally, we integrate the data-driven estimator in the closed-loop flight control system of Airsim, a simulator available as a plugin for Unreal Engine, and we provide simulation results for autonomous navigation and landing.
Implementation of tobacco cessation services at a comprehensive cancer center: a qualitative study of oncology providers' perceptions and practices.

To explore (1) perceptions of tobacco cessation for patients, (2) perceived role in addressing patients’ tobacco use, (3) facilitators and barriers to providing cessation services, and (4) perceptions and use of tobacco cessation resources among oncology providers. Interviews were conducted with 24 oncology providers at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Qualitative themes were analyzed using content analysis. Participants (1) perceived smoking cessation’s priority as low and/or dependent upon clinical factors, (2) described a passive role in addressing tobacco cessation, (3) described loss-framed versus gain-framed messaging when delivering cessation advice, (4) reported moderate self-efficacy in discussing and low self-efficacy in implementing cessation strategies, (5) described multi-level facilitators and barriers to patients’ tobacco cessation, and (6) expressed high value for the cancer center’s tobacco cessation service. Oncology providers in this study perceived patients’ tobacco cessation as a low priority relative to providing direct cancer treatment and addressing acute complications. These findings indicate opportunities for training to increase delivery of evidence-based cessation advice and facilitate patients’ engagement in cessation services. Provider trainings on embracing an active role in tobacco cessation, addressing multi-level barriers to patients’ tobacco cessation, and using gain-framed messaging should be implemented. This has the potential to improve cancer patients’ treatment outcomes.
PNS Estimation of a High Performance Head Gradient Coil by a Coupled Electromagnetic Neurodynamic Simulation Method

With the recent advancement in high-performance head gradient coil technology for magnetic resonance imaging, the assessment of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has become increasingly important. In this paper we employed a coupled electromagnetic neurodynamic simulation to estimate the PNS level in a human body model for a high gradient amplitude and high slew rate head gradient coil. The results show strong correlation between simulations and measurements.
Hyperspectral X-Ray Imaging: Progress Towards Chemical Analysis in the SEM

The Hyperspectral X-ray Imaging (HXI) project will enable non-destructive chemical-state determination of nano-scale samples in the electron microscope for nuclear safeguards applications. To efficiently measure chemical state through electron-excited X-ray emission requires a combination of wide spectral bandwidth, high resolution, and high count rate capability. We are building a next-generation X-ray detector based on an array of transition edge sensors (TESs) to make these measurements possible and routine in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Leveraging the large pixel densities afforded by microwave multiplexing readout and continuous, uninterrupted operation of a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator, this instrument will have efficiency to allow chemical species identification of nano-scale samples in hours instead of days to weeks. We describe prototype pixel designs for this HXI instrument, comprising three pixel types that will make up the hybrid TES array. Engineering design of the integrated HXI cryostat and SEM system is in progress, with full detector commissioning expected in Spring 2021 followed closely by full-scale integration with the SEM. We also report on the commissioning of a complementary TES-based X-ray emission spectroscopy platform for bulk samples to build a spectral library for HXI sample identification.
The use of temporally aggregated data in modeling and testing a variance change in a time series

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of temporal aggregation on modeling and testing a single variance-change in a univariate time series process. We show that the aggregation ef...
Trends in the incidence of endometrial cancer among young women in the United States, 2001 to 2017.

5578Background: Endometrial cancer at this time is predominantly being looked at as a disease of postmenopausal population. Increased obesity has been identified as an important risk factor for end...
Bavarian: Betweenness Centrality Approximation with Variance-Aware Rademacher Averages

We present Bavarian, a collection of sampling-based algorithms for approximating the Betweenness Centrality (BC) of all vertices in a graph. Our algorithms use Monte-Carlo Empirical Rademacher Averages (MCERAs), a concept from statistical learning theory, to efficiently compute tight bounds on the maximum deviation of the estimates from the exact values. The MCERAs provide a sample-dependent approximation guarantee much stronger than the state of the art, thanks to its use of variance-aware probabilistic tail bounds. The flexibility of the MCERA allows us to introduce a unifying framework that can be instantiated with existing sampling-based estimators of BC, thus allowing a fair comparison between them, decoupled from the sample-complexity results with which they were originally introduced. Additionally, we prove novel sample-complexity results showing that, for all estimators, the sample size sufficient to achieve a desired approximation guarantee depends on the vertex-diameter of the graph, an easy-to-bound characteristic quantity. We also show progressive-sampling algorithms and extensions to other centrality measures, such as percolation centrality. Our extensive experimental evaluation of Bavarian shows the improvement over the state-of-the art made possible by the MCERA, and it allows us to assess the different trade-offs between sample size and accuracy guarantee offered by the different estimators.
Neurotrophic Factors, Gene Therapy, and Alzheimer's Disease

Publisher Summary Nerve growth factor (NGF) protection of cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons is of particular interest in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of neuronal populations degenerate in AD, including cholinergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and several peptidergic neurons. The loss of CBF neurons is particularly severe, often affecting 75 to 80% of this population. The loss of CBF neurons has been correlated with the severity of synapse loss in the cortex, the density of amyloid plaques, the severity of clinical dementia, and the duration of disease. Because NGF protein levels in AD are increased in the neocortex but decreased in the CBF, diminished NGF receptor expression might be causally related to reductions in NGF transport in AD. This is particularly important because NGF is retrogradely transported to CBF consumer neurons after binding to receptors on cholinergic terminals in the neocortex and hippocampus. The lesions of the basal forebrain reduce NGF uptake and retrograde transport from cholinergic terminals within the neocortex and hippocampus in rodent models, resulting in elevated NGF levels in these regions. This chapter presents several gene therapy strategies applied to the correlative animal models of AD. In these models, NGF gene therapy has rescued cholinergic neurons and, in some cases, improved cognition.
The demand for and supply of deposits by credit unions: The Caisses populaires' case correction and comment

Abstract This note corrects an error in accounting terminology made by Chateau (1980) in this journal. That error leads to an important misspecification of the theoretical model. Moreover, it is argued that, even given the correction, the assumption that the caisse will maximize the expected utility of reserves is not in general consistent with the assumed underlying motivation to maximize deposit growth.
Empirical Examination of the Functional Basis and Design Repository

This paper investigates the use of functional basis within the design repository through the observation of eleven functional models. It also examines the amount of information contained in the functional model of a hair dryer at various hierarchical levels. Two experiments show that the secondary level of the functional basis hierarchy is used most often because the secondary level provides significantly more information than the primary level, and the tertiary level does not provide enough additional information to be useful.
SMC Complexes--Wrapped Up in Controversy

SMC proteins regulate key chromosomal events during cell division. In their Perspective, [Milutinovich and Koshland][1] discuss several papers published here ([ Kitajima et al .][2]) and elsewhere that elucidate how SMC proteins, in complexes with their binding partners, bind to chromatin to carry out their many functions. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5622/1101 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/300/5622/1152
Semantics and verification of information-based protocols

Information-Based Interaction-Oriented Programming, specifically as epitomized by the Blindingly Simple Protocol Language (BSPL), is a promising new approach for declaratively expressing multiagent protocols. BSPL eschews traditional control flow operators and instead emphasizes causality and integrity based solely on the information models of the messages exchanged. BSPL has been shown to support a rich variety of practical protocols and can be realized in a distributed asynchronous architecture wherein the agents participating in a protocol act based on local knowledge alone. The flexibility and generality of BSPL mean that it needs a strong formal semantics to ensure correctness as well as automated tools to help develop protocol specifications.We provide a formal semantics for BSPL and formulate important technical properties, namely, enactability, safety, and liveness. We further describe our declarative implementation of the BSPL semantics as well as of verifiers for the above properties using a temporal reasoner. We have validated our implementation by verifying the correctness of several protocols of practical interest.