cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of overexpression of the amino-terminal fragment of apolipoprotein B on apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein production

In vitro studies have shown that the binding site for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is within the first 17% of apoB (apoB-17). Expression of apoB-48 in McArdle cells decreases endogenous lipoprotein production; however, overexpression of human apoB in transgenic mice does not decrease endogenous mouse apoB expression. To assess this inconsistency, adenoviruses expressing human apoB-17 (AdB17) or apoB-17-β (which contains apoB-17 plus a small lipid-binding β-sheet region of apoB, AdB-17β) were produced. Hepatoma cells were infected with AdB17 or AdB17-β with AdLacZ, an adenovirus expressing β-galactosidase, as a control. Overexpression of apoB-17 and apoB-17-β in hepatoma cells to levels 2- to 3-fold greater than that of endogenous apoB did not alter endogenous apoB production. This was also true in the presence of oleic acid and N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal. High levels of apoB-17 or β-galactosidase expression reduced apoB-100 production; however, control protein production was also reduced. To assess the effects of apoB-17 expression in vivo, mice of three different strains were injected with AdB17. Two days after injection, plasma apoB-17 was approximately 24 times the amount of endogenous apoB in the C57BL/6 mice, 2 times the apoB-100 in human apoB transgenic mice, and 4 times the apoB-48 in apoE knockout mice. Overexpression of apoB-17 did not decrease apoB-100 or apoB-48 concentrations in mouse plasma as assessed by Western blot analysis. These results demonstrate that although the apoB-17 binds to MTP in vitro, it does not alter endogenous apoB expression in mice or in hepatoma cells.—Li, Z., Y. Kako, L. Pang, M. W. Freeman, J. M. Glick, X. Wang, and I. J. Goldberg. Effects of overexpression of the amino-terminal fragment of apolipoprotein B on apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein production. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 1912–1920.
Optical Technologies for Space Communication Links

Present operational space communication systems are based on the well proved RF technology. However, continuously increasing data traffic did reveal bandwidth limitations, frequency shortage and interference problems. In add tion, with the planning and operation of more and more space vehicles and remote sensing satellites very high data rates are expected, which can not be handled by conventional data channels. Also, global communication systems are required to process information in real time (Columbus, Hermes, telephony, broadcasting etc.) which demand for a new powerful communication technology within the next decades which is cabable to handle a broad spectrum of data rates up to several Gbit/s. Because there is no such technology available right now, optical carrier frequencies might be the prefered solution.
Realism and International Law: A Critique

What is the place of international law in the realist school of thought in IR? Richard Steinberg proposes one account, focused on the central place of state power and state interests. I suggest that an interests on states and state power is so widely shared among different intellectual approaches in IR that this does not define a distinctively realist approach. Instead, I propose three possible models that might underlie realism and IL and give an analysis of their relative merits.
Performance of a RAKE demodulator with pre-decision multipath thresholding

The performance of a RAKE demodulator used for reception of spread-spectrum digital communications over multipath channels that coherently recombines path signal components to improve date transmission performance as a function of the threshold level is analyzed RAKE receiver performance is enhanced by thresholding the channel reference to select the principal multipath components for demodulation processing. Results evaluated for various error rates, multipath dispersion and demodulation parameters show that thresholding permits a reduction in required E/sub b//N/sub 0/ of up to 6 dB or more relative to a RAKE demodulator without thresholding. This performance gain is insensitive to the value of the threshold setting for communication media with multipath resolved by the spread-spectrum waveform correlator. >
Quality of Inpatient Psychiatric Care at VA, Other Government, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Hospitals: A Comparison

Objective:Little is known about the quality of inpatient psychiatric care. This study examined associations between performance on seven measures of inpatient psychiatric quality and hospital ownership.Methods:The study design was a cross-sectional analysis of The Joint Commission's 2014 inpatient psychiatric hospital quality measures. The measures evaluate admission screening for violence risk, substance use, psychological trauma history, and patient strengths; use of seclusion and restraint; the practice of discharging patients on multiple antipsychotics; providing appropriate justification when patients are discharged on multiple antipsychotics; creation of continuing care plans; and transmission of care plans to the next level of care. Participants were 665 inpatient psychiatric facilities accredited by The Joint Commission.Results:The mean±SD percentage of patients who received admission screening was 90%±21%; multiple antipsychotics at discharge, 11%±10%; appropriate justification for use of multipl...
Generative Inferences Based on Learned Relations.

A key property of relational representations is their generativity: From partial descriptions of relations between entities, additional inferences can be drawn about other entities. A major theoretical challenge is to demonstrate how the capacity to make generative inferences could arise as a result of learning relations from non-relational inputs. In the present paper, we show that a bottom-up model of relation learning, initially developed to discriminate between positive and negative examples of comparative relations (e.g., deciding whether a sheep is larger than a rabbit), can be extended to make generative inferences. The model is able to make quasi-deductive transitive inferences (e.g., “If A is larger than B and B is larger than C, then A is larger than C”) and to qualitatively account for human responses to generative questions such as “What is an animal that is smaller than a dog?” These results provide evidence that relational models based on bottom-up learning mechanisms are capable of supporting generative inferences.
Dry Transfer Inoculation of Low-Moisture Spices Containing Antimicrobial Compounds.

ABSTRACT Inoculation of a food product for use in subsequent validation studies typically makes use of a high concentration cocktail of microorganisms suspended in aqueous media. However, this inoculation method may prove difficult particularly when the food product is a low-moisture food containing antimicrobial compounds, such as some dried spices. In this study, a dry transfer method for inoculation of clove powder, oregano leaves, ginger powder, and ground black pepper with a five-serovar cocktail of Salmonella was developed and compared with a traditional aqueous inoculation procedure. Spices were inoculated at three levels, 10, 8, and 6 log CFU/g, by using both an aqueous suspension of Salmonella and a dry transfer of Salmonella from previously inoculated silica beads. At the highest inoculation level, the dry transfer method resulted in a significantly higher microbial load (P < 0.05) for ground cloves and oregano, but not for ginger and ground black pepper. At the intermediate inoculation level, d...
2007 Review—Animal and Dairy Science Teaching

Animal Science undergraduate admissions increased dramatically in 2007 for the third year in a row. Fall 2007 enrollment of 742 students is the highest ever recorded for the department. Large enrollment increases are a ‘good problem’, but stress laboratory space and teaching and advising loads. Placement rates and starting salaries for graduates of animal and dairy science remained strong, with the average starting salary approaching $40,000. New faculty hires in teaching and programmatic developments, such as the Meat Science Minor illustrate the vibrance of the Animal Science department. Major building efforts impacting the teaching program include the opening of the new ISU Dairy in October 2007 and continued planning for a new multi-purpose animal pavilion. These facilities will support excellence in educational programs and will continue the positive enrollment trends.
Potential Healthcare Insurance and Provider Barriers to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Utilization among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Abstract Young adult men-who-have-sex-with-men (YMSM) continue to have among the highest incidence of HIV infection in the United States. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective and safe method of preventing HIV infection; however, despite US Food and Drug Administration approval, utilization remains low, in part, due to structural barriers, particularly access to healthcare. In this study, we used social media to recruit black, Hispanic, and white HIV-uninfected 18- to 24-year-old YMSM. Participants completed an online survey about their sexual behavior, healthcare access, and previous use of PrEP. Of the 2297 YMSM surveyed, only 3.4% had used PrEP. PrEP use was associated with higher levels of education, living alone, older age, higher levels of sexual activity, and greater healthcare access, specifically having healthcare insurance and a clinic or primary care provider (PCP) from whom they received care. Among PrEP nonusers, 65% met at least one of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevent...
A Beginner’s Guide to Analyzing and Visualizing Mass Cytometry Data

Mass cytometry has revolutionized the study of cellular and phenotypic diversity, significantly expanding the number of phenotypic and functional characteristics that can be measured at the single-cell level. This high-dimensional analysis platform has necessitated the development of new data analysis approaches. Many of these algorithms circumvent traditional approaches used in flow cytometric analysis, fundamentally changing the way these data are analyzed and interpreted. For the beginner, however, the large number of algorithms that have been developed, as well as the lack of consensus on best practices for analyzing these data, raise multiple questions: Which algorithm is the best for analyzing a dataset? How do different algorithms compare? How can one move beyond data visualization to gain new biological insights? In this article, we describe our experiences as recent adopters of mass cytometry. By analyzing a single dataset using five cytometry by time-of-flight analysis platforms (viSNE, SPADE, X-shift, PhenoGraph, and Citrus), we identify important considerations and challenges that users should be aware of when using these different methods and common and unique insights that can be revealed by these different methods. By providing annotated workflow and figures, these analyses present a practical guide for investigators analyzing high-dimensional datasets. In total, these analyses emphasize the benefits of integrating multiple cytometry by time-of-flight analysis algorithms to gain complementary insights into these high-dimensional datasets.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations/variations in African Americans

1322 BRCA1/2 mutations were investigated in 99 independent families at elevated risk of germline mutations. Of the 99 high-risk families, 71 were families with multiple cases of breast cancer, 14 with multiple cases of breast and ovarian cancers, 8 with only early onset breast cancer (40 years or less), 3 with only bilateral breast cancer, 2 with male breast cancer, and 1 individual with breast and ovarian cancer. In this study, families were screened by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). One deleterious BRCA1 mutation (5296delGAAA) was detected in two unrelated families. One of these families had 12 cases of breast cancer and 3 ovarian cancers, and the proband (tested individual) was diagnosed at age 32. The other family had 3 cases of breast cancer, 1 case of ovarian cancer, 2 cases of prostate cancer; and the proband was diagnosed at age 30 with estrogen/progesterone receptor-negative (ER-PR-) cancer. Early age of onset and ER-PR- tumors are characteristic of BRCA1 carriers. This protein truncating mutation deletes important functional regions of BRCA1, has previously been reported in African Americans, Africans, and other ethnic groups, and may represent a founder mutation arising hundreds of years ago. Two missense variations (Ile379Met and Glu1210Lys) may affect BRCA1 function. The Ile379Met variation, which has been previously reported in African Americans and Caucasians, is predicted to affect function by SIFT analysis (Ng & Henikoff, 2001) and by comparison of human, ancestral eutherian, and marsupial protein sequences (Ramirez et al., 2004). Ile379Met was detected in a woman diagnosed with ER-PR- breast cancer at ages 41 and 46; her mother also had breast cancer. The Glu1210Lys variation, which has not been previously noted in the breast cancer information core (BIC), is predicted to affect function by SIFT analysis. However, the proband was diagnosed at age 79 with ER+PR+ breast cancer and has 2 affected sisters. The BRCA1 884G>A rare variation (silent Glu255) is located in an alternative exon 11 splicing enhancer (ESE) sequence and is expected to delete most of exon 11 (Orban and Olah, 2001). This ESE variation, which has not been previously reported in the BIC, was observed in a family with 3 cases of breast cancer and the proband was age 56 at diagnosis. Numerous coding and non-coding unclassified variations and polymorphisms were detected with BRCA1 and BRCA2 analysis. Several of these variations have not been previously reported. Frequently, the same group of polymorphisms were observed in linkage disequilibrium in different families. Previously, we detected 2 deleterious BRCA1 mutations and 8 pathogenic BRCA2 mutations in this cohort of high-risk families (Panguluri et al., 1999; Kanaan et al., 2003).
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL OF TAI TYPE WITH CONTEXTUAL-SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING TO CLASS VII STUDENTS

The research is experiment which aims to describe Cooperative Learning Model of TAI Type with Contextual-Scientific Approach in Mathematics Learning in Social Arithmetic and Comparison material to class VII Students at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan. The effectiveness description is based on (1) student’s learning results, (2) student’s activities, and (3) student’s response. The populations of the research were all of the students of class VII at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan and the samples were the students of class VII.A as the experiment class taught by using cooperative Learning Model of TAI Type with Contextual-Scientific approach chosen by using simple random sampling technique. The data collection consisted of learning results, student’s activities in learning, and student’s responses on learning devices. Instrument used are test of learning results, observation sheets of student’s activities in learning and questionnaires of student’s responses on learning devices. The data of the students’ activities were analyzed by using descriptive analysis while the data of mathematics learning results and students’ responses were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of descriptive and inferential analysis reveal that the implementation of Cooperative Learning Model of TAI Type with Contextual-Scientific approach is effective to be implemented in mathematics learning in social arithmetic and Comparison material to class VII students at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan based on the aspect: (a) the average score of Mathematics learning results in posttest is bigger than 69.9 (Minimum Completeness Criteria= 70) which is 79.9 in High category, the average score of normalized gain is bigger than 0.29 (medium category) which is 0.73 in High classification category, and the proportion of the students’ learning completeness is more than 84%; (b) the average score of student’s learning activities from the first until the fifth meeting are more than 2.49 (minimum fairly active category) which is 3.15 in fairly active category, and (c) the average score of students’ response is bigger than 2.49 (minimum tend to be positive category) which is 3.64 in positive category. The conclusion of the research is Cooperative Learning Model of TAI Type with Contextual-Scientific approach is effective to be implemented in mathematics learning in Social arithmetic and Comparison material to class VII students at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan in Gowa District.
Performance of Large Scale Finite Element Eddy Current and Ultrasonic Models on a Vector Computer

Following the early success of finite element modeling of magnetostatic and eddy current nondestructive testing phenomena, considerable effort has taken place in order to extend these models to full three dimensional geometries [1,2]. More recently, the formulation of the elastic wave equations has been implemented and applied to the solution of ultrasonic testing situations [3,4].
Educational Data Modeling

Educational data modeling is a recent field which concerns teachers, instructional designers, and analysts. It focuses on the specification of the learning scenario, the observational one, and also on all data that are needed to produce indicators proposed in the observational scenario. The main objective of educational data modeling is the sharing, reusing, and improving of learning situations and indicators of feedback. This article gives an overview of the domain and some links to international works in that area.
Analysis of the impact of molecular motions on the efficiency of XL-MS and the distance restraints in hybrid structural biology

Covalent cross-link mapping by mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is rapidly becoming the most widely used method of hybrid structural biology. We investigated the impact of incremental variations of cross-linker length have on the depth of XL-MS interrogation of protein-protein complexes, and assessed the role molecular motions in solution play in generation of cross-link-derived distance restraints. Supplementation of a popular NHS-ester cross-linker, DSS, with 2 reagents shorter or longer by CH2-CH2, increased the number of non-reductant crosslinks by ~50%. Molecular dynamics simulations of these cross-linkers revealed 3 individual, partially overlapping ranges of motion, consistent with partially overlapping sets of cross-links formed by each reagent. Similar simulations elucidated protein fold-specific ranges of motions for the reactive and backbone atoms from rigid and flexible target domains. Together these findings create a quantitative framework for generation of cross-linker- and protein fold-specific distance restraints for XL-MS-guided protein-protein docking.
Staff Training Interests, Barriers, and Preferences in Rural and Urban Child Care Programs in Minnesota.

Abstract Objectives To describe any rural–urban differences in child care providers’ (1) past training on the facilitation of child healthy eating and physical activity and (2) views relevant to the design of trainings. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2016 Healthy Start, Healthy State survey of Minnesota child care providers (rural, n = 232; urban, n = 386). Licensed family home-based care providers and providers working at licensed centers responded online or by mail to measures of desired training content, barriers, and delivery mode preferences. Results Training barriers that were more often a concern for rural compared with urban providers included scheduling outside work hours, difficulties finding trainings, and travel (all P Conclusions and Implications The findings suggest it would be worthwhile for future research to examine whether rural providers’ training participation is affected by uniquely relevant participation barriers.
A low-calorie diet with or without interval exercise training improves adiposopathy in obese women.

The objective of this study was to test if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) improves adiposopathy, an endocrine dysfunction, when compared with an energy-deficit–matched LCD in o...
A global biogeochemical perturbation during the Middle Frasnian punctata Event: Evidence from muted carbon isotope signature in the Appalachian Basin, New York State (USA)

Abstract A modest positive stable carbon isotope excursion coincident with the Upper Devonian Middlesex Formation of western New York State and beneath the Palmatolepis transitans - Palmatolepis punctata zonal boundary is interpreted to define the beginning of the Middle Frasnian punctata Event. The broad positive excursion that defines this global isotopic event elsewhere, however, appears to have been muted in the northern Appalachian Basin by a tectonically induced regression and associated deposition of the organic-deficient Cashaqua Formation. δ13Corg increases upward through the lower two-thirds of the Cashaqua, peaking approximately 4.5 m below its contact with the overlying Rhinestreet Formation in the mid-punctata Zone. Above this stratigraphic level, δ13Corg diminishes 2.2‰ over a vertical distance of 41 cm that encompasses a newly recognized interval of microtektite-like spherules. Thus, that part of the studied section between the middle of the Middlesex Formation and the peak δ13Corg value in the upper Cashaqua Formation embraces the stratigraphic range of the punctata positive excursion dampened by the regional base level reduction and associated increased flux of 13C-depleted terrestrial weathering runoff, including dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). δ13Corg values recover to pre-negative excursion levels through the top of the Cashaqua Formation into the lower Rhinestreet Formation. The sharp negative excursion terminating the punctata Event of western New York likely records the sudden introduction of 12C into the ocean - atmosphere system, perhaps related to destabilization of sea-floor methane hydrates. However, hydrate dissociation concurrent with rising global sea level and in the absence of a closely preceding thermal event sufficient to raise bottom-water temperature is problematic. The coincidence of the stratigraphic interval containing the microtektite-like spherules and the onset of the negative carbon isotope excursion suggests that impact-induced mechanical disruption of the ocean floor may have triggered the release of methane.
The Role of the School Principal in Educational Reform

The quality of educational leadership, and that of the school principal in particular, is an important factor in school reform. This essay addresses concerns that the teaching profession and, as a ...
Perioperative use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

It remains disputable about perioperative use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and their outcome effects. This multicenter retrospective cohort study examines association between use of perioperative RASi and outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve surgery. After the exclusion, the patients are divided into 2 groups with or without preoperative RASi (PreRASi, n = 8581), or 2 groups with or without postoperative RASi (PostRASi, n = 8130). With using of propensity scores matching to reduce treatment selection bias, the study shows that PreRASi is associated with a significant reduction in postoperative 30-day mortality compared with without one (3.41% vs. 5.02%); PostRASi is associated with reduced long-term mortality rate compared with without one (6.62% vs. 7.70% at 2-year; 17.09% vs. 19.95% at 6-year). The results suggest that perioperative use of RASi has a significant benefit for the postoperative and long-term survival among patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Adult e-cigarettes use associated with a self-reported diagnosis of COPD.

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased in the US, but little is known about the effects of these products on lung health. The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between e-cigarette use and a participant's report of being diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods: The first wave of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey adult data was used (N = 32,320). Potential confounders between e-cigarette users and non-users were balanced using propensity score matching. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to examine the association between e-cigarette use and COPD in the propensity-matched sample, the entire sample, different age groups, and in nonsmokers. Replicate weights and balanced repeated replication methods were utilized to account for the complex survey design. Results: Of the 3642 participants who met the criteria for e-cigarette use, 2727 were propensity matched with 2727 non e-cigarette users. In the propensity-matched sample, e-cigarette users were more likely to report being diagnosed with COPD (OR 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.85) than non-e-cigarette users after adjusting for confounders. The result was similar in the entire sample and in the different age subgroups. Among nonsmokers, the odds of reporting a COPD diagnosis were even greater among e-cigarette users (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.73-4.99) compared to non-e-cigarette users. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that e-cigarette use was associated with a reported diagnosis of COPD among adults in the US. Further research is necessary to characterize the nature of this association and on the long-term effects of using e-cigarettes.
Aseptic Meningitis as an Immune-Related Adverse Event after Pembrolizumab.

Introduction. The management of patients with advanced malignancies is challenging, although recent advances with immunotherapy have shown better outcomes. Pembrolizumab has been associated with a variety of immune-related side effects, but the occurrence of aseptic meningitis is rare. Case. A 55-year-old male with a history of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma previously treated with pembrolizumab presented with persistent severe headaches and photophobia. Subsequent workup with cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated opening pressure, increased nucleated cells with 30% lymphocytes, elevated protein levels, and normal glucose levels. The patient was started on high doses of IV steroids and progressed with significant improvement of his symptoms. Discussion. Given the rarity of this side effect, this case is a reminder that immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause aseptic meningitis and its early recognition is important for initiation of therapy with steroids and prompt discontinuation of the immunotherapy agent.
Intelligent Driver System for Improving Fuel Efficiency in Vehicle Fleets

A viable solution for increasing fuel efficiency in vehicles is optimizing driver behavior. In our previous work, we proposed a data-driven Intelligent Driver System (IDS), which calculated an optimal driver behavior profile for a fixed route. During operation, the optimal behavior was prompted to the drivers to guide their behavior toward improving fuel efficiency. This system was proposed for fleet vehicles mainly because a small increase in fuel efficiency of fleet vehicles has a significant impact on the economy. The system was tested on a portion of the fleet's route (12km) and achieved 9-20% of fuel saving. One limitation of the IDS was that the prompted behavior profile was the same for all drivers. However, the approach of driving is significantly different from driver to driver. Therefore, it is important to capture those differences in the optimal behavior profile creation and prompting. This paper presents the first steps of a modified IDS that incorporates different approaches of drivers in optimal behavior profile creation. This work has three main components: 1) analyzing the capability of scaling our previously proposed IDS to the complete route of the fleet, 2) assessing the capability of identifying different types of driver behavior from data, and 3) proposing an IDS framework for integrating different driver behavior in optimizing driver behavior. Experimental results showed that the existing IDS was able to achieve 26-37% estimated fuel savings on the complete route. Conclusions of the paper are: 1)the existing IDS scaled to longer routes, and 2) It is possible to identify different driver behavior using data.
The Drug Court Team and Discretionary Decision-Making: A Mixed-Methods Examination of Sanctioning Responses to Continued Participant Alcohol and Other Drug Use:

Drug courts attempt to gain participant compliance and alcohol and other drug (AOD) use abstinence through a strategy of moderate and progressive sanctioning, but its discretionary application poss...
A quantum hindsight on density functional theory for computation of materials properties

Fundamental materials properties are determined by electrons under the potential energy from the nuclei, the electron mass, and their mutual repulsion. The variable from material to material is the ion potential. The logical procedure of computing electronic properties is to go from the potential to the electron distribution. This enables practical computation of the material properties ranging from atoms and molecules to solids. This method has blossomed due to the effort of numerous people. The concept is analogous to changing prediction of human population distribution from the landscape of hills and dales to determination of the landscape from a population distribution. In atomic systems, quantum quirkiness allows this switch, but dictates that it is only one slice in the tomography of the quantum state. The author shares his experience in the development from this slice, but hews close to the powerful concept of switching the landscape with the population.
Expanding G-Theory Models to Incorporate Congeneric Relationships: Illustrations Using the Big Five Inventory.

We used structural equation modeling techniques to expand traditional generalizability theory (G-theory) models to allow for congeneric relationships among item responses while accounting for the p...
Dual Learning for Machine Translation and Beyond

As aforementioned, dual learning has been studied and applied in many applications, including machine translation, image translation, speech processing, text summarization, code generation and commenting, etc. In this chapter, we focus on machine translation, which is the first application it was studied and also one of the best applications it can fit into. We introduce several representative works based on the dual reconstruction principle for semi-supervised and unsupervised neural machine translation.
A Robot-based Gait Training System for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

As the prevalence of stroke survivors increases, the demand for rehabilitative services will rise. While there has been considerable development in robotics to address this need, few systems consider individual differences in ability, interests, and learning. Robots need to provide personalized interactions and feedback to increase engagement, enhance human motor learning, and ultimately, improve treatment outcomes. In this paper, we present 1) our design process of an embodied, interactive robotic system for post-stroke rehabilitation, 2) design considerations for stroke rehabilitation technology and 3) a prototype to explore how feedback mechanisms and modalities affect human motor learning. The objective of our work is to improve motor rehabilitation outcomes and supplement healthcare providers by reducing the physical and cognitive demands of administering rehabilitation. We hope our work inspires development of human-centered robots to enhance recovery and improve quality of life for stroke survivors.
Can Less Ever Be More? A Model of Emotion Regulation Repertoire of Social Support (ERROSS):

Do people really fare better if they can rely on many social ties? Research suggests that benefits of interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) can be derived from both large and small social networks....
Solving Systems of Non-Linear Equations by BroydenAS Method with Projected Updates

We introduce a modification of Broyden's method for finding a zero of n nonlinear equations in n unknowns when analytic derivatives are not available. The method retains the local Q-superlinear convergence of Broyden's method and has the additional property that if any or all of the equations are linear, it locates a zero of these equations in n+1 or fewer iterations. Limited computational experience suggests that our modification often improves upon Eroyden's method.
Visage: enabling timely analytics for drone imagery

Analytics with three-dimensional imagery from drones are driving the next generation of remote monitoring applications. Today, there is an unmet need in providing such analytics in an interactive manner, especially over weak Internet connections, to quickly diagnose and solve problems in the commercial industry space of monitoring assets using drones in remote parts of the world. Existing mechanisms either compromise on the quality of insights by not building 3D images and analyze individual 2D images in isolation, or spend tens of minutes building a 3D image before obtaining and uploading insights. We present Visage, a system that accelerates 3D image analytics by identifying smaller parts of the data that can actually benefit from 3D analytics and prioritizing building, and uploading the localized 3D images for those parts. To achieve this, Visage uses a graph to represent raw 2D images and their relative content overlap, and then identifies the various subgraphs using application knowledge that are good candidates for localized 3D image based insights. We evaluate Visage using data from multiple real deployments and show that it can reduce analytics-latency by up to four orders of magnitude.
Prior On Truth-A First Look

Prior distinguishes two cases in which truth or falsity are attributed to propositions. In the first case the proposition is fully specified.
Chapter 9 Raman Scattering in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

Publisher Summary This chapter describes Raman scattering studies on the localized and collective excitations in Mn-based II–VI diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS), the excitations being vibrational, electronic, or magnetic in character. The DMS alloys possess a unique combination of semiconducting and magnetic properties. In common with their nonmagnetic counterparts, they exhibit the well-known composition-dependent vibrational spectra, electronic band structure, and transport properties. The exchange interaction between the Mn 2+ ions and the band electrons produces large spin splittings at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum, resulting in the large Zeeman splitting of the free exciton and the giant Faraday rotation. When the Mn 2+ concentration ( x ) exceeds a certain critical value, long range magnetic ordering sets in below a certain temperature—a consequence of the anti-ferromagnetic interaction between two neighboring Mn 2+ ions. Raman scattering has proved to be very fruitful in discovering and delineating vibrational modes, localized and collective; electronic transitions within the Zeeman multiplet of the ground state of Mn 2+ split by an external magnetic field; the spin-flip of electrons bound to donors in large, effective mass orbits; and the collective magnetic excitations in the low temperature, magnetically ordered phases.
Force-Free States, Relative Strain, and Soft Elasticity in Nematic Elastomers

The remarkable ability of nematic elastomers to exhibit large deformations under small applied forces is known as soft elasticity. The recently proposed neo-classical free-energy density for nematic elastomers, derived by molecular-statistical arguments, has been used to model soft elasticity. In particular, the neo-classical free-energy density allows for a continuous spectrum of equilibria, which implies that deformations may occur in the complete absence of force and energy cost. Here we study the notion of force-free states in the context of a continuum theory of nematic elastomers that allows for isotropy, uniaxiality, and biaxiality of the polymer microstructure. Within that theory, the neo-classical free-energy density is an example of a free-energy density function that depends on the deformation gradient only through a nonlinear strain measure associated with the deformation of the polymer microstructure relative to the macroscopic continuum. Among the force-free states for a nematic elastomer described by the neo-classical free energy density, there is, in particular, a continuous spectrum of states parameterized by a pair of tensors that allows for soft deformations. In these force-free states the polymer microstructure is material in the sense that it stretches and rotates with the macroscopic continuum. Limitations of and possible improvements upon the neo-classical model are also discussed.
On the Power of Probabilistic Choice in Synchronous Parallel Computations

This paper introduces probabilistic choice to synchronous parallel machine models; in particular parallel RAMs. The power of probabilistic choice in parallel computations is illustrated by parallelizing some known probabilistic sequential algorithms. We characterize the computational complexity of time, space, and processor bounded probabilistic prallel RAMs in terms of the computational complexity of probabilistic sequential RAMs. We show that parallelism uniformly speeds up time bounded probabilistic sequential RAM computations by nearly a quadratic factor. We also show that probabilistic choice can be, eliminated from parallel computations by introducing nonuniformity.
Computational Analysis for Roughness-Based Transition Control

Suitably placed discrete roughness elements are known to delay or hasten the onset of transition, depending on requirements. In this paper, 2D eigenvalue analysis is used to study the effects of surface roughness in the context of transition delay over subsonic and supersonic swept wing configurations, as well as boundarylayer tripping on the forebody of a hypersonic air breathing vehicle.
Aiding self-motivation with readings in introductory computing

Students can achieve self-motivation and a broader appreciation of computing by reading widely about computing. This paper advocates discussing self-motivation with students, and suggesting that they read widely as a means to that end. A discussion of how to present these ideas e ectively, and an annotated list of suggested readings, appropriate for undergraduate majors in computing, are included.
Gliogenesis and ependymogenesis during embryonic development of the rat: An autoradiographic study

With the aid of [3H]thymidine autoradiography gliogenesis and ependymogenesis were studied in the brain of the rat during embryonic development. Gliogenesis was found to begin on day 17 of gestation in the caudal regions of the brain stem, and to spread rostrally. On days 20 and 21 of gestation gliogenesis reached a peak, and then declined. Ependymogenesis began earlier and showed the following pattern: day 14 of gestation in the 4th ventricle and cerebral aqueduct, day 15 in the 3rd ventricle, and day 17 in the lateral ventricles reaching a peak on different days in different sites. Both gliogenesis and ependymogenesis continued up to the last day of gestation, day 22. Issues pertaining to gliogenesis and the formation of glioblasts, and the relationship between gliogenesis and ependymogenesis are discussed.
Calcium‐Binding Proteins

Ca2+ is an important second messenger in the regulation of cell life cycle in addition to being an essential component in biomineralization. Ca2+ mediates its action in regulation by binding to Ca2+ receptors/proteins that in turn regulate signal transduction, enzymatic activity, and protein stability. During the past few years, owing to the fast progress in genomic information and structural biological studies, our understanding of calcium-binding proteins has been greatly expanded. Since 1991, the structures of calcium-binding proteins have been extended to more than 1000 today and calcium-binding proteins are found in every cellular compartment. In this article, we will first summarize the current knowledge about the common properties of calcium-binding proteins. We then will highlight recent developments in structural biology and biological functions of calcium-binding proteins. Keywords: calcium-binding proteins; metalloproteins; EF-hand; calmodulin; conformational change; protein–protein interaction; extracellular calcium-binding proteins; calcium signaling, calcium homeostasis; trigger proteins; biometals; signal transduction
STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN CHILDREN II. Lung Volumes and Mechanics of Respiration in 64 Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

Tidal volume, respiratory rate and lung volumes have been measured in 64 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas while lung compliance and resistance were measured in 42 of these. Serial studies of lung volumes were done in 43. Tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate increased only in the most severely ill patients. Excluding the three patients with lobectomies, residual volume and functional residual capacity were found to be significantly increased in 46 and 21%, respectively. These changes correlated well with the roentgenographic evaluation of emphysema. Vital capacity was significantly reduced in 34% while total lung capacity was, on the average, relatively unchanged. Seventy per cent of the 61 patients had a signficantly elevated RV/TLC ratio. Lung compliance was significantly reduced in only the most severely ill patients but resistance was significantly increased in 35% of the patients studied. The serial studies of lung volumes showed no consistent trends among the groups of patients in the period between studies. However, 10% of the surviving patients showed evidence of significant improvement while 15% deteriorated. [See Fig. 8. in Source Pdf.] Although there were individual discrepancies, there was a definite correlation between the clinical evaluation and tests of respiratory function, especially the changes in residual volume, the vital capacity, RV/ TLC ratio and the lung compliance and resistance.
N,N‐Dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine

N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine intermediate: N,N-dimethylcyclohexanecarboxamide product: N,N-dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine Keywords: acylation; reduction, CONR2 CH2NR2; replacement reactions, hydroxy by halogen; stirrers, magnetic; stirrers, magnetic
A time‐frequency method for detecting VHF underdense meteor signals

[1] Underdense meteor echoes observed using very high frequency (VHF) radar can be accurately modeled as a single complex damped sinusoid in additive white Gaussian noise. The normalized damping coefficient is expected to be between 0 and 0.3 for a VHF meteor return based on the modeled ambipolar diffusion rates near 90 km and a radar operating between 30 and 50 MHz. Current meteor echo detection routines operate either in the frequency domain, where it is difficult to detect highly damped signals, or in the time domain, where it is difficult to detect narrow band signals. An added difficulty is that typical approaches require a priori knowledge of the noise variance which can bias the performance of these estimators. In this paper, a time-frequency waveform detector is proposed to address these problems. By normalizing the signal power and power spectral density in the time and frequency domains, respectively, a detector that is invariant to the noise variance can be implemented. The characteristics of a damped sinusoid in the time and frequency domains are exploited to construct the detector. The threshold for the proposed detector is only a function of of the time series length, and is stable with respect to a range of damping coefficients and noise levels. The time-frequency waveform detector exhibits superior performance to the conventional energy or power detectors when the signal of interest is highly damped or the noise variance is unknown. A derivation of the time-frequency waveform detector, comparison with the energy and power detectors and numerical results demonstrating the effectiveness of this detector are presented.
Developing and Sustaining the Northwest Digital Archives

The Northwest Digital Archives is a union database of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) finding aids from institutions in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska, and Montana. The purpose of the NWDA is to make information about collections of primary sources widely accessible to researchers over the internet. This article will explore the selection and development of the NWDA database, the creation of tools to associate digital objects with EAD/XML documents, and the methods employed by the technical staff at the Washington State University Libraries to expose metadata contained in the NWDA to Google (and aggregators) with Google Sitemaps and the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Through the analysis of web site use statistics, we realized that most users are locating individual NWDA finding aids directly from Google and other search engines. While not entirely surprising, the implications of this when combined with three rounds of usability testing led to major revisions of the NWDA website and finding aid stylesheet. The article concludes with a discussion the model developed to sustain the NWDA after the end of National Endowment of the Humanities funding.
A simplified method for determination of urinary lead.

A modification for simplifying the quantitative determination of urinary lead by reaction with dithizone is described. The detailed procedure is presented and data on recoveries are given. The method takes less time than the original procedure with no loss in accuracy.
Multiple binding sites of human brain monoamine oxidase as indicated by substrate competition.

— Six endogenous substrates of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) (serotonin, l-norepinephrine, dopamine, tyramine, tryptamine and β-phenethylamine) were used separately and in pairs with human brain mitochondrial extracts. Apparent K1 values were obtained from experiments in which only 1 of 2 substrates was isotopically labelled, and these values were compared with experimental Km values. β-Phenethylamine appears to be metabolized at enzyme active sites independent from those which bind serotonin. The substrate l-norepinephrine competes with serotonin for an enzyme site, but also may be catalysed at an additional site which is independent of serotonin binding. Experiments in which [14C]tryptamine was combined with [3E]serotonin indicated that tryptamine is a much more potent inhibitor of serotonin oxidation than was predicted from Km values. It is suggested that the competition among substrates of MA0 which is observed in uitro may have relevance to in uiuo mechanisms for control of biogenic amine concentrations.
Divine reconciliations: The Mother of Grain and Gautama Buddha in De'ang religion

Located in China along the boarders of China and several Southeast Asian countries, Southwestern China is characterised by ethnic diversity and the influence of various world religions, especially that of different schools of Buddhism. This article examines how the De'ang people transform the cosmological order of Theravada Buddhism to reassert the indispensable position of their indigenous agricultural goddess, the Mother of Grain. Corresponding to myths that portray the reconciliation between the goddess and Gautama Buddha, the rituals dedicated to her are performed primarily by women, while male monastic institutions participate on certain ceremonial occasions. A comparison with similar beliefs and rituals in other cultural groups in the region demonstrates that the Mother of Grain in De'ang religion offers an exceptionally strong local challenge to the male bias embedded in Buddhism. By examining the conflicts and compromises between Buddhism and the indigenous religions of Southwest China, this article analyses the complex local negotiations of gender ideologies when world religions and local beliefs are at odds.