cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Use of Inverse-Mode SiGe HBTs as Switching Pairs for SET-Mitigated RF Mixers

The capability of inverse-mode (IM) silicon- germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for the mitigation of single-event transients (SETs) under large-signal operation was investigated in an RF down-conversion single- balanced mixer using a through-wafer, two-photon absorption pulsed-laser beam experiment and TCAD heavy-ion simulations. The IM SiGe HBTs replace conventional forward-mode (FM) SiGe HBTs in the differential pair, which provides full current steering for frequency mixing operation. Under steady-state conditions, the IM SiGe HBT differential pair exhibits smaller transient peaks with shorter durations compared to the FM SiGe HBTs. In addition, under the injection of a local oscillator (LO) signal with large swing, the IM SiGe HBTs show faster recovery (50% reduction in the best case) from the impact of SETs. In the frequency domain, it is observed that IM SiGe HBTs produce less distortion at the output for an intermediate frequency below 1 GHz. Based on the performance comparison between FM and IM SiGe HBT down-conversion mixers, system design guidelines to compensate the noise figure degradation associated with using IM SiGe HBTs are discussed.
Improved Francis Turbine Model Considering Nonlinear Characteristics between Hydro-turbine Power and Guide Vane Opening

In view of the existing ideal turbine model and analytical nonlinear turbine model can not reflect nonlinear characteristic curve between Francis turbine power and guide vane opening,improved Francis turbine model is established by taking into account nonlinear characteristics of power and guide vane opening.Based on the analytical nonlinear turbine model,the improved turbine model added module of nonlinear relationship between power and guide vane opening.Different fitting methods of power and guide vane opening are analyzed and compared,and cubic polynomial fitting method is more suitable and recommended.Through frequency disturbance test,power raising and lowing test,the primary frequency disturbance test and power grid fault disturbance test,simulation and measured results show that compared with the ideal turbine model and analytical nonlinear turbine model,the accuracy of improved turbine model considering nonlinear characteristics of power and guide vane opening is higher.
Alteration of testicular microvascular pressures during venous pressure elevation

We have addressed the hypothesis that varicocele-related infertility is caused in part by a pressure-induced disturbance of testicular convective transport that upsets the testicular hormonal environment and thus impairs spermatogenesis. The left testis of the hamster [pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal), 70 mg/kg ip] was prepared for microcirculatory observations. Testicular venous pressure was acutely elevated by ligating collateral routes of venous outflow and partially occluding, via a snare, the main venous outflow distal to the pampiniform plexus. Simultaneous direct pressure measurements (servo-null method) were made to monitor venous pressure elevation and quantify resulting pressure and diameter changes in the arterial feed to the testis and in postcapillary venules. The data show that over 90% of the venous pressure elevation (VPE) was transmitted to the postcapillary venules. VPE affected intravascular pressures throughout the testis microvasculature; on average, capsular artery pressure increased by 83% of the VPE, although part of this increase was due to a rise in systemic arterial pressure. Vasoconstriction helped to buffer the pressure rise in the capsular artery, probably at the expense of flow amplitude. Yet the vasoconstriction was ineffective in preventing a rise in exchange vessel pressure. These data suggest that microvascular fluid exchange may be dramatically altered in varicocele, upsetting the hormonal and paracrine environment of the testis, and hence, impairing physiological regulation of gametogenesis.
IN VITRO UPTAKE AND HYDROLYSIS, BY RAT TISSUES, OF CHOLESTEROL ESTERS OF A VERY LOW DENSITY, CHYLE LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION.

A very low density, lipoprotein fraction of chyle containing cholesterol-C14 (of which about 70% or more was in the esterified form) was incubated with various rat tissues. The tissues and their incubation media were then analyzed for the C14 contained in the esterified and free sterol fractions. Adipose tissue, adrenal gland, mucosa of the small intestine, liver, kidney, and muscle incorporated the cholesterol-C14 of the chylomicrons and hydrolyzed the esters. Adipose tissue, adrenal gland, and mucosa of the small intestine showed the greatest hydrolytic activity. On the basis of these and other, in vivo, observations, the conclusion is drawn that, while the liver removes the bulk of the cholesterol esters of very low density chyle lipoproteins from the circulation, all tissues that incorporate them hydrolyze them.
Death Is Easy If You’re Dead

In this chapter, I contend with Martin Heidegger that since we cannot experience our own death, the meaning and experience of death is unavailable to us. Rather than try to explain what death means, this chapter considers issues associated with the experience of existence through Walter White who, in Breaking Bad, has been given a near-certain date of death in the very first episode. In other words, I pursue answers to the question, “What does existence mean to one man who knows that his death is near?”
Access to What Should Be Taught and Will Be Tested: Students’ Opportunity to Learn the Intended Curriculum

The annual large-scale assessment of student achievement for accountability purposes is expected to provide reliable test scores that permit valid inferences about the extent to which students have achieved the intended academic content standards. The fact that schools are open to sanctions and rewards on the basis of student achievement also indicates that these test score interpretations include inferences about what students know and can do as a result of the learning opportunities provided by schools (Burstein & Winters, 1994). That is, teachers and school administrators are considered to contribute to student achievement and, if properly incentivized and supported, are assumed to promote student achievement more effectively (Linn, 2008). To support the validity of such inferences, test users must either account for differences in learning opportunities or provide evidence that all test-takers had access to a comparable opportunity to learn the intended and assessed curriculum (Kurz & Elliott, in press; Porter, 1995).
Ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity and tunable polarization switching via infrared plasmonic lattice modes

We demonstrate tunable polarization-dependent infrared plasmonic lattice modes in the range of 1 to 1.7 μm in arrays of large gold nanodisks with a rectangle lattice structure. We show that when these arrays are exposed to air, their main mode appears around 1 μm. Under this condition, addition of chemicals leads to significant wavelength shifts in this mode, offering a refractive index sensitivity of about 795 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). Our results show that this process is accompanied by excitation of a sharp peak associated with an infrared lattice mode at about 1.62 μm, suggesting an abrupt refractive-index switching of the collective modes of the arrays. By depositing ultrathin layers of Si, we show that the wavelength of the 1 μm mode can be shifted, covering the whole telecom band ranges. We demonstrate that this can lead to tunable narrow- and wide-band polarization switching of the collective modes of the arrays within this range with a high extinction ratio.
Naked Lust: Obscene Relationality and the Turn to Queer Experimental Literature

This chapter argues that William S. Burroughs turns to experimental literature to displace queer social imagination from explicitly representational narrative forms to the affective relations of reading. I locate this turn against the Naked Lunch obscenity trial, demonstrating that the obscenity of queerness in the pre-Stonewall period rests on the representation of homosexuality as a political collectivity. In response, Burroughs creates an aesthetics of queer spectrality that immerses readers within the text’s eroticism, rewriting reading as a collective yet phantasmatic encounter with queer affect. The chapter traces the emergence of this aesthetic politics through Queer, Naked Lunch and the cut-up trilogy of The Soft Machine, The Ticket That Exploded, and Nova Express.
Predicting mental conditions based on "history of present illness" in psychiatric notes with deep neural networks.

Abstract Background: Applications of natural language processing to mental health notes are not common given the sensitive nature of the associated narratives. The CEGS N-GRID 2016 Shared Task in Clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) changed this scenario by providing the first set of neuropsychiatric notes to participants. This study summarizes our efforts and results in proposing a novel data use case for this dataset as part of the third track in this shared task. Objective: We explore the feasibility and effectiveness of predicting a set of common mental conditions a patient has based on the short textual description of patient’s history of present illness typically occurring in the beginning of a psychiatric initial evaluation note. Materials and methods: We clean and process the 1000 records made available through the N-GRID clinical NLP task into a key-value dictionary and build a dataset of 986 examples for which there is a narrative for history of present illness as well as Yes/No responses with regards to presence of specific mental conditions. We propose two independent deep neural network models: one based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and another based on recurrent neural networks with hierarchical attention (ReHAN), the latter of which allows for interpretation of model decisions. We conduct experiments to compare these methods to each other and to baselines based on linear models and named entity recognition (NER). Results: Our CNN model with optimized thresholding of output probability estimates achieves best overall mean micro-F score of 63.144% for 11 common mental conditions with statistically significant gains ( p 0.05 ) over all other models. The ReHAN model with interpretable attention mechanism scored 61.904% mean micro-F1 score. Both models’ improvements over baseline models (support vector machines and NER) are statistically significant. The ReHAN model additionally aids in interpretation of the results by surfacing important words and sentences that lead to a particular prediction for each instance. Conclusions: Although the history of present illness is a short text segment averaging 300 words, it is a good predictor for a few conditions such as anxiety, depression, panic disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Proposed CNN and RNN models outperform baseline approaches and complement each other when evaluating on a per-label basis.
Pediatric Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Clinical Applications

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an imaging technique based on blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging. Maps of brain activation are generated during the performance of designated tasks involving eloquent functions, such as motor, sensory, visual, auditory, and/or language. Optimal performance of fMRI in children requires consideration of multiple psychological and physiological parameters. Also, a solid technical understanding is needed for appropriate study design, implementation, processing, and interpretation. In this article, the authors review the key principles of fMRI technique, study design, data processing, and interpretation. The important clinical applications in the pediatric population will be highlighted, accompanied by example cases from their institution.
To Delegate or Not to Delegate: Gender Differences in Affective Associations and Behavioral Responses to Delegation

Effectively delegating work to others is considered critical to managerial success, as it frees up managers’ time and develops subordinates’ skills. We propose that female leaders are less likely t...
Medicine in the Thought and Action of the Emperor Julian

This paper assembles evidence from the full scope of Julian’s writings that the emperor had a pronounced interest in medicine and human health, which impacted both his rhetorical and real approach to political, philosophical, and religious problems. His initiatives aimed to promote doctors, medical research, and public health. He emphasized a holistic view of bodily and spiritual health in his version of theurgic Neoplatonism. Medical frames of reference also played an appreciable role in his anti-Christian program. Finally, he himself and others styled him as a physician-king on a divine mission to heal the Empire of the Christian disease.
Alteration of Collagen Three Dimensional Architecture in Noncompliant Human Urinary Bladder

Urinary bladder compliance refers to the change in bladder pressure in response to variations in bladder volume. The normal bladder is able to accommodate large volumes of urine with minimal changes in pressure. In the laboratory setting, the normal rise in bladder pressure is less than 6 to 10 cm H2O34. Loss of bladder compliance is reflected by a stiff, inelastic bladder that experiences a rapid rise in pressure during bladder filling. Pressures exceeding 40 cm H2O result in deterioration of the upper urinary tract.23 Loss of compliance is seen with a variety of disease states, both congenital and acquired, which result in a functional or mechanical bladder outlet obstruction (Table 1).
Digestible phosphorus needs of terminal-cross growing-finishing pigs

Growth and digestion experiments were conducted to estimate the digestible P needs of terminal-cross growing-finishing pigs fed sorghum-soybean meal-based diets from 25 to 118 kg. Dietary available P levels approximated the levels recommended by the NRC (1988) or were approximately 25% above or below those levels. Up to 80 kg, dietary treatment did not affect performance; from 80 to 118 kg, the lowest P level (no inorganic P) reduced (P = .03) feed efficiency. Carcass leanness, subjective quality scores for the loin, chemical content of lean, and sensory evaluation of cooked lean were not adversely affected by decreasing P. As dietary P decreased, connective tissue amount in the lean decreased (P = .06). Ash content (P < .01) and peak load (P < .05) of metacarpals and metatarsals decreased as dietary P decreased, but structural soundness scores in the live pig were unaffected by treatment. Apparent digestibility of P decreased (P = .08 to P < .01) as dietary P decreased in the diets. Estimated P excretions per pig decreased with decreasing dietary P up to 80 kg; during the 80-to-118-kg interval, P excretions were similar for pigs fed the two lowest P diets due to reduced feed efficiency of pigs fed the lowest P diet. Dietary digestible P contents maximizing performance and carcass merit were .21, .19, and .16% for pigs fed from 25 to 50, 50 to 80, and 80 to 118 kg, respectively. The results suggest that P excretions of terminal-cross pigs can be reduced by feeding less than current NRC recommendations for P without reducing performance, carcass merit, or structural soundness of live pigs.
Reaching inside Out: Arts-based Educational Programming for Incarcerated Women

This paper describes the development of an arts-based educational program2 inside a female correctional facility in a rural area of Florida. The author considers pedagogical dimensions of the progr...
So-Called Protective Jurisdiction of the Threatened Community

It has long been an unquestioned postulate of legal theory that criminal jurisdiction is essentially territorial and that a state has very wide powers to exercise jurisdiction over nationals and aliens for unlawful acts committed in whole or in part within its territory.1 There is, however, an almost universal municipal legal practice which is somewhat difficult to reconcile with the exclusive territorial theory of penal competence and which relates to the exercise of jurisdiction over offenses entirely committed by foreigners in a foreign land.2 While there may be a number of acts which fall within the exercise of this type of jurisdiction,3 the least discussed and not always well observed is the application of a state’s laws to punish politically hostile acts committed by foreigners within the jurisdiction of another state. This is the manner in which states cope with the offenses of private persons here discussed. As an exception to the territorial principle, the legal basis of this principle is largely a matter of controversy and doubt.4 Since this is an area singularly free of any authoritative guidance, speculative implications may be sought in the legal practice of the countries which have had considerable experience on the subject.
Extreme Processing at Mancos and Sacred Ridge: The Value of Comparative Studies

This chapter sets forth a comparison of the processing that occurred at Mancos [as studied by White (Prehistoric cannibalism at Mancos 5MTUMR-2346. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992)] and Sacred Ridge [overall analysis by Stodder and Osterholtz (Analysis of the processed human remains from the Sacred Ridge Site: Methods and data collection protocol. In Perry, Stodder & Bollong (Eds.), Animas-La Plata project: XV-Bioarchaeology (pp. 243–278). Phoenix: SWCA Environmental Consultants, 2010)]. Data are presented in an element-by-element comparison showing that any differences between the two assemblages can be examined and qualified as the result of different choices made during the processing of the assemblage. The degree of variability in the extent of processing and the methods by which that processing occurred are rarely the focus of study by bioarchaeologists, and so this chapter shows that careful analysis of a commingled and fragmentary assemblage can be compared to other comparable assemblages to uncover different processing techniques that will ultimately lead to an assemblage that is superficially similar. The patterns for these two sites show that while some elements are similar in their appearance, the location of tool marks indicates that different methods were used to achieve disarticulation. A detailed analysis of fragments is the only way that such a comparison could have occurred. While on first glance, the two assemblages seem to be similar, different patterns of processing can be identified through careful analysis and comparison.
The Direct Pumping of Gamma-Ray Lasers by Neutron Capture

The maximum rates of resonance capture of neutrons generated by impulsive fission or fusion sources and moderated in either light or heavy atom moderators are shown to be insufficient for the direct excitation of gamma-ray lasers based on the Moessbauer effect.
Examining Incoming Credit Differences Between First-Year and Transfer Students

In this study, the difference in the number of initial credits between incoming transfer and first-year students entering a land grant university in a professional education program was examined (N...
Pharmacokinetics: Unique Challenges in Blood Monitoring for Oncology Nurses.

Background Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Many chemotherapeutic agents have a sensitive PK index, in which a small margin in blood concentrations is the difference between nontherapeutic, therapeutic, and adverse outcomes. Objectives This article will provide an overview of evidence-based approaches to the collection of PK samples, monitoring of PK levels, and the resulting management of patients undergoing PK testing. Methods A case study involving busulfan, an alkylating agent used in the pre-stem cell transplantation setting, will highlight the cross-contamination of samples while a drug is being infused through a central venous catheter with PK sample collection from a proximal peripherally inserted central catheter. The influence of false elevations in drug concentrations on PK-guided dose adjustments will also be emphasized. Findings Imprecise blood collections or cross-contamination of samples may lead to inaccurate drug concentration results and, subsequently, undesired low or high drug dosage calculations.
Identification and characterization of a high-affinity granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor on primary rat oligodendrocytes.

We previously showed the presence of receptors for granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on tumor tissues and tumor cell lines that are derived from the neural crest. To determine whether normal neural cells express functional GM-CSF receptors, we isolated and analyzed primary rat brain cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding of 125I-GM-CSF to primary rat oligodendrocytes showed an average of 1,110 GM-CSF binding sites per cell, with a kd of 20 pmol/L. In six separate experiments, no specific binding was detectable on the astrocyte population. Microglia were used in competitive binding experiments with oligodendrocytes, and addition of microglia did not increase the specific binding of labeled ligand to oligodendrocytes. In dose-response assays, we measured 3H-thymidine uptake in rat oligodendrocytes, microglia and control murine 32D cells stimulated with various concentrations of GM-CSF. Over concentration ranges of 0.025 to 1000 pmol/L, cell proliferation and peak 3H-thymidine incorporation was observed at approximately 30 pmol/L for both the control cells and the oligodendrocytes. However, the microglial cells did not proliferate in response to GM-CSF. These data indicate the presence of a functional receptor for GM-CSF on primary rat oligodendrocytes, and suggest that hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF may play a role in nerve cell development, function, or response to injury.
New Research on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination: Effect of State Policy on Charges Filed at the EEOC

In 2013, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) began allowing anyone who believed that they experienced sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI) discrimination to file charges of s...
A Nationwide Analysis of 30-Day and 90-Day Readmissions After Elective Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping in the United States: Causes, Predictors, and Trends.

Background Thirty-day readmissions (30dRAs) and 90-day readmissions (90dRAs) are being increasingly scrutinized as quality metrics for hospital and provider performances. Little information regarding risk factors for 30dRA and 90dRA after elective cerebral aneurysm clipping (CAC) of unruptured cerebral aneurysms is available. We sought to characterize risk factors with a nationally representative administrative database. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to identify patients who underwent elective CAC between 2010 and 2014. The outcomes of interest were unplanned readmissions occurring within 30 or 90 days of discharge. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables related to patients' demographics, comorbidities, and index hospital admission that were associated with readmission. A Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate for changes in annual readmission rates. Results A total of 1123 patients met the inclusion criteria for 30dRA analysis and 946 patients were eligible for 90dRA analysis. The 5-year 30dRA and 90dRA readmission rates were 9.1% and 14.9%, respectively. The annual rate of readmission between 2010 and 2014 did not change. Greater Charlson Comorbidity Index (odds ratio [OR], 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–6.28) and nonroutine discharge after the index admission (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04–3.14) were associated with greater odds of 30dRA. Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.57–7.56) and treatment at a metropolitan teaching hospital (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.06–4.60) were associated with increased odds of 90dRA. Wound infection was the most common reason for readmission. Conclusions Readmission rates after elective CAC remained unchanged between 2010 and 2014, suggesting that improved methods for reducing unplanned readmissions after CAC are needed.
Effectiveness of the International Symbol of Access and inclusivity of other disability groups.

Abstract Background The International Symbol of Access (ISA) is recognized world-wide for designating and identifying areas which are wheelchair accessible, however its meaning has evolved to include both restricted use and universal accessibility. Objective This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of the ISA in representing individuals of all impairment types. Methods A mixed-method survey was disseminated in the U.S. and internationally to persons without self-identified impairment and individuals of various impairment group types, including mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive impairments, using convenience sampling (n = 981). Quantitative data was analyzed using ranking patterns and regression analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis and triangulation. Results Participants with self-identified mobility impairments rated the ISA more favorably than other disability groups (p = 0.002). In addition, there is a significant correlation between age and effectiveness of the ISA, with participants rating the symbol more favorably as age increases. Common themes included association of the ISA with a mobility impairment, implications for restricted use or reserved space, and physical accessibility. Conclusions The ISA is not effective in representing individuals with non-mobility impairments and its ambiguous nature leads to confusion for both persons with and without impairment.
Conflict Abstractions and Shadow Speculation for Optimistic Transactional Objects

Concurrent data structures implemented with software transactional memory (STM) perform poorly when operations which do not conflict in the definition of the abstract data type nonetheless incur conflicts in the concrete state of an implementation. Several works addressed various aspects of this problem, yet we still lack efficient, general-purpose mechanisms that allow one to readily integrate black-box concurrent data-structures into existing STM frameworks.
Dignity, Inequality, and the Populist Backlash: Lessons from America and Europe for a Sustainable Globalization

The greatest challenge to the sustainability of our current era of globalization comes from within the United States. Most Americans have come to reject globalization. We must discern the lessons from the parts of the developed world where the backlash is also profound – France, for example – and where it has been more muted – such as Germany. In both the United States and France, gross Gini coefficients have increased sharply during the past thirty or so years. The French state has, however, delivered a net, after‐tax, after‐transfer distribution of income that is more equal than it was thirty years ago. And yet: France is still in the midst of an anti‐systemic populist revolt. There is only one inescapable conclusion: it is not just about the money. Those who feel left behind in both countries feel that they have lost respect and dignity. We cannot redistribute our way out of the crisis of global capitalism. The German experience holds lessons. We must value and valorize the many ways in which people contribute. We must also pursue policies that create patterns of employment that confer dignity, meaning, and purpose. I argue for dignity as a tool of policy, beyond its normative desirability as a goal.
High-resolution spectroscopy of SN 2017hcc and its blueshifted line profiles from post-shock dust formation

SN2017hcc was remarkable for being a nearby and strongly polarized superluminous TypeIIn supernova (SN). We obtained high-resolution echelle spectra that we combine with other spectra to investigate its line profile evolution. All epochs reveal narrow P~Cygni components from pre-shock circumstellar material (CSM), indicating an axisymmetric outflow from the progenitor of 40-50 km/s. Intermediate-width and broad components exhibit the classic evolution seen in luminous SNe~IIn: symmetric Lorentzian profiles from pre-shock CSM lines broadened by electron scattering at early times, transitioning at late times to multi-component, irregular profiles coming from the SN ejecta and post-shock shell. As in many SNe~IIn, profiles show a progressively increasing blueshift, with a clear flux deficit in red wings of the intermediate and broad velocity components after day 200. This blueshift develops after the continuum luminosity fades, and in the intermediate-width component, persists at late times even after the SN ejecta fade. In SN2017hcc, the blueshift cannot be explained as occultation by the SN photosphere, pre-shock acceleration of CSM, or a lopsided explosion or CSM. Instead, the blueshift arises from dust formation in the post-shock shell and in the SN ejecta. The effect has a wavelength dependence characteristic of dust, exhibiting an extinction law consistent with large grains. Thus, SN2017hcc experienced post-shock dust formation and had a mildly bipolar CSM shell, similar to SN2010jl. Like other superluminous SNeIIn, the progenitor lost around 10Msun due to extreme eruptive mass loss in the decade before exploding.
The rise of PropTech: emerging industrial technologies and their impact on real estate

Industry 4.0 recognizes a broad set of technologies that rapidly redefine industry, including real estate. These broad technologies include the Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, decision automation, machine learning and artificial intelligence. This paper explores applies Industry 4.0 to commercial real estate, resulting in a framework defined here as Real Estate 4.0, a concept that encompasses fintech and proptech.,This research paper examines Industry 4.0 technology to construct a framework for Real Estate 4.0. We also focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating proptech, particularly as it relates to getting employees back into their traditional work environments.,As a research paper, this is not a traditional research project with empirical findings. It is a primer on how the rapidly changing technologies of Industry 4.0 are now disrupting and transforming real estate today into what we are calling Real Estate 4.0.,Practitioner insight and future research are informed by a framework for Real Estate 4.0 drawn from the technologies of Industry 4.0. Additional implications are outlined for practical, systemic change as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic within the scope of Real Estate 4.0 technology.,This is a combined effort by experts in three contributing disciplines: systems science, planning and real estate. Our intent is to provide a primer for those of us in the latter two fields so that we can embrace the rapidly changing built environment landscape as it adjusts and adapts to a post COVID-19 environment that will be critical to maintain real estate investment values and enhance the real estate user's experience.
Altered reward responsiveness and depressive symptoms: An examination of social and monetary reward domains and interactions with rejection sensitivity.

Abstract Background Alterations in positive valence systems and social processes, including low reward responsiveness and high rejection sensitivity, have been observed in depression. Most reward research focuses on the monetary domain, but social reward responsiveness may be particularly relevant to understanding the etiology of depression, especially in combination with other social processes. Pathways to depression are complex, and research testing interactions between multiple factors is needed. The present study examined the interactive effects of reward responsiveness and rejection sensitivity on depressive symptoms using both social and monetary reward electroencephalogram (EEG) tasks. Methods Emerging adults (N = 120) completed peer interaction and monetary incentive delay tasks while EEG data were recorded, as well as self-report measures of rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Results The interaction between social reward responsiveness and self-reported rejection sensitivity was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, such that rejection sensitivity was associated with greater depressive symptoms for those with a relatively reduced response to social reward. The interaction between monetary reward responsiveness and rejection sensitivity was not significant. Limitations The study was cross-sectional and used a non-clinical sample. Conclusions Results suggest a possible pathway for depressive symptoms characterized by the combination of high rejection sensitivity and low social reward responsiveness. Findings highlight the need for consideration of multiple domains of reward responsiveness in clinical neuroscience research. With extension to longitudinal studies and clinical samples, the present findings may inform understanding of targets for intervention.
Utilizing Frémy's Salt to Increase the Mechanical Rigidity of Supramolecular Peptide-Based Gel Networks.

Peptide-based supramolecular gels are an important class of biomaterials that can be used for biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery to tissue engineering. Methodology that allows one to readily modulate the mechanical properties of these gels will allow yet even a broader range of applications. Fremy's salt is an inorganic salt and long-lived free radical that is known to oxidize phenols. Herein, we show that Fremy's salt can be used to dramatically increase the mechanical rigidity of hydrogels formed by tyrosine-containing self-assembling β-hairpin peptides. When Fremy's salt is added to pre-formed gels, it converts tyrosine residues to o-quinones that can subsequently react with amines present within the lysine side chains of the assembled peptide. This results in the installation of chemical crosslinks that reinforce the gel matrix. We characterized the unoxidized and oxidized gel systems using UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy and rheological measurements and show that Fremy's salt increases the gel rigidity by nearly one order of magnitude, while retaining the gel's shear-thin/recovery behavior. Thus, Fremy's salt represents an on-demand method to modulate the mechanical rigidity of peptide-based self-assembled gels.
Getting Babies Safely Home: A Retrospective Chart Review of Car Safety Seat Tolerance Screening Outcomes.

Abstract Background The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends pre-discharge Car Seat Tolerance Screening (CSTS) for all neonates born Design/Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1,072 infants who underwent CSTS between 11/2013 and 7/2016 at a single academic health center. CSTS outcomes (failure and, separately, significant cardiorespiratory instability (CRI)), including those not meeting failure thresholds) were analyzed for all infants screened, and for preterm infants by screening location (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Mother/Baby Unit (MBU)). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between infant characteristics and CSTS outcomes. Results Overall incidence of CSTS failure was 9.2%. Among all infants, hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, apnea, chronic lung disease, and being small for EGA were associated with failure. Additionally, those born ≤28 weeks EGA had 2.4 times greater likelihood of failure than those 34-36 weeks EGA. Among preterm infants in the NICU and MBU, those of earlier EGA were also more likely to fail. Almost half (47.5%) of all preterm infants demonstrated CRI during CSTS. Conclusion We found high CSTS failure rates, and identified key infant characteristics that were associated with increased likelihood of failure. Significant CRI events were remarkably common. Larger, prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for instability and failure and define practical criteria for CSTS recommendations.
Fat Endorsement Contracts Carry Big Stick for Those Being Bad

Morals or morality clauses, often a hot point in negotiations between companies and workers, seek to regulate the behavior of workers outside of the primary purpose of the contract itself. In Jared Fogle's case, the story spun by Subway was that of a severely overweight college student at Indiana University who ate Subway sandwiches twice a day as a way to get into shape.
Decreasing Emergency Department Visits for Children With Epilepsy

Background and Objectives Epilepsy and seizures represent a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) visits for patients. By implementing quality improvement (QI) methodology, we planned to decrease ED visits for children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods In 2016, a multidisciplinary team was created to implement QI methodology to address ED visits for patients with epilepsy. Based on previous successes, further ED visit reduction was deemed possible. Our aim statement was to decrease the number of ED visits, per 1000 established patients with epilepsy, from 13.03 to 11.6, by December 2019 and sustain for 1 year. Results We successfully decreased ED visits for seizure-related care in patients with epilepsy from 13.03% to 10.2% per 1,000 patients, which resulted in a centerline shift. Discussion Using QI methodology, we improved the outcome measure of decreasing ED visits for children with epilepsy. Implementations of these interventions can be considered at other institutions that may lead to similar results.
Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Update and Future Therapies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents about 15% of all strokes in the USA, but almost 50% of fatal strokes. There are many causes of ICH, but the most common are hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. This review will discuss new advances in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage. RECENT FINDINGS The treatment of ICH focuses on management of edema, aggressive blood pressure reduction, and correction of coagulopathy. Early initiation of supportive medical therapies, including blood pressure management, in a neurological intensive care unit reduces mortality, but at present there is no definitive, curative therapy analogous to mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. Nonetheless, new medical and surgical approaches promise more successful management of ICH patients, especially new approaches to surgical management. In this review, we focus on the current standard of care of acute ICH and discuss emerging therapies that may alter the landscape of this devastating disease.
A Simple Laboratory Test for the Determination of the Chemical Form of Cocaine

The authors describe a simple chemical test to determine whether a suspect specimen contains cocaine and if so whether it is present as free base cocaine or in a salt form. The distinction is based on the relative solubility of the two compounds in aqueous or organic solvent. The test, based on the widely accepted cobalt thiocyanate color reaction, is performed in three stages to make the interpretation as complete as possible.
What If There Were a Business Method Use Exemption to Patent Infringement

The Federal Circuit's decision in State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group Inc. that business methods are patentable is nearly ten years old, yet the wisdom of patenting business methods remains highly debatable. For example, three Supreme Court justices recently have questioned State Street Bank's useful, concrete, and tangible result test for patentable subject matter. Many commentators have also debated the patenting of business methods, questioning whether patents are necessary to spark innovation in methods of doing business and whether exclusive rights to business methods are impediments to a competitive economy. This short Symposium piece seeks to add a new dimension to this debate by pointing out that at least some business methods are part of a larger category of user innovation for which patent incentives are often relatively less important as a spur to innovation. By user innovation, I mean inventions made for the inventor's own use rather than for sale. In a recent article, I explored some of the implications of user innovation for patent doctrine, arguing that the distinct incentive structures involved in user and seller innovation may call for different treatment under the patent laws. Here I argue that the prevalence of user innovation in the context of business methods makes it at least plausible that it would be socially beneficial to exempt business method use (but not sale) from infringement liability. A use exemption would have at least two potential advantages over a categorical subject matter rejection. First, it would mitigate the difficulty of defining business method patents based on the bare patent application by deferring that question to a specific infringement context. Second, a use exemption continues to protect inventors against competing sellers of business methods - e.g., as embodied in software or in specialized training. Focusing on user innovation leads to some distinctions between activities commonly lumped together under the rubric business methods. Some of what are commonly called business methods, including most notably those protected by the financial patents exemplified by the Hub and Spoke mutual fund of the State Street Bank case, may be more akin to new products than to methods of doing business. It may not make sense to exempt infringing purveyors of such intangible products from liability as users of the associated methods.
Development of a time and space resolved sampling probe diagnostic for engine exhaust hydrocarbons

In order to understand how unburned hydrocarbons emerge from SI engines and, in particular, how non-fuel hydrocarbons are formed and oxidized, a new gas sampling technique has been developed. A sampling unit, based on a combination of techniques used in the Fast Flame Ionization Detector (FFID) and wall-mounted sampling valves, was designed and built to capture a sample of exhaust gas during a specific period of the exhaust process and from a specific location within the exhaust port. The sampling unit consists of a transfer tube with one end in the exhaust port and the other connected to a three-way valve that leads, on one side, to a FFID and, on the other, to a vacuum chamber with a high-speed solenoid valve. Exhaust gas, drawn by the pressure drop into the vacuum chamber, impinges on the face of the solenoid valve and flows radially outward. Once per cycle during a specified crank angle interval, the solenoid valve opens and traps exhaust gas in a storage unit, from which gas chromatography (GC) measurements are made. The port end of the transfer tube can be moved to different locations longitudinally or radially, thus allowing spatial resolution and capturing any concentration differences between port walls and the center of the flow stream. Further, the solenoid valve's opening and closing times can be adjusted to allow sampling over a window as small as 0.6 ms during any portion of the cycle, allowing resolution of a crank angle interval as small as 15°CA. Cycle averaged total HC concentration measured by the FFID and that measured by the sampling unit are in good agreement, while the sampling unit goes one step further than the FFID by providing species concentrations. Comparison with previous measurements using wall-mounted sampling valves suggests that this sampling unit is fully capable of providing species concentration information as a function of air/fuel ratio, load, and engine speed at specific crank angles. © Copyright 1996 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
Fluorescent staining for leukocyte chemotaxis. Eosinophil-specific fluorescence with aniline blue.

Abstract To overcome problems associated with the quantitation of human eosinophil chemotaxis in micropore filters, we have developed a fluorescent method of specifically staining eosinophils in chemotactic filters. A neutral solution of aniline blue yielded bright green fluorescent staining of the cytoplasmic granules of eosinophils. Other leukocytes and contaminating neutrophils potentially present with eosinophils did not fluoresce with aniline blue. The fluorescent staining eosinophils within filters provided bright, non-fading images that facilitated visual microscopic counting and were of sufficiently high contrast, unlike those with conventional eosinophil stains, to allow image analyzer based enumeration of eosinophil chemotactic responses at levels through the filters. Although not cell type-specific, congo red and ethidium bromide also provided high contrast, fluorescent images of all leukocyte types within chemotactic filters. Fluorescent staining with aniline blue constitutes a rapid, stable and eosinophil-specific staing that facilitates the visual or image analyzer-based quantitation of eosinophil chemotaxis.
Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the information about the structure, function, and regulation of G-kinase. Studies indicate that significant similarities and significant differences exist between G-kinase and A-kinase. A-kinase and G-kinase represent extensively regulated allosteric proteins that function as central mediators in the action of many biological signals, and consequently regulate a number of biochemical pathways central to expression of differentiated function and to control of cell proliferation. G-kinase is proposed to be a dimer made up of two identical protomers in isologous association with the chains arranged in an antiparallel fashion. There is a dyad axis of symmetry so that the guanosine 3', 5’-monophosphate receptor portion of one chain interacts with the catalytic portion of the opposite chain. The regulatory domain functions to inhibit the catalytic domain. G-kinase is highly asymmetric, with a frictional ratio of 1.42 and an axial ratio of 7.4 when an oblate ellip­soid is assumed. The isoelectric point of G-kinase is slightly higher than that of A-kinase.
Abnormal Phytohemagglutinin-Induced T-Cell Proliferative Responses in Hodgkin’s Disease

Optimal conditions were established for evaluating the phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferative responses of purified peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This assay was utilized to determine whether T cells (in the absence of monocytes and serum inhibitory factors) from patients with Hodgkin9s disease were defective in their ability to proliferative in response to optimal (50 microgram/ml) and suboptimal (25 and 12.5 microgram/ml) concentrations of phytohemagglutinin. T cells from 6 of 12 untreated patients exhibited 6- day proliferative responses below the range of 15 control subjects using optimal mitogen concentrations, and 9 of 12 patients exhibited subnormal responses using lower concentrations. Kinetic analyses indicated that the abnormal T-cell proliferative responses were characterized by peak proliferation occurring at day 4 or 5, rather than day 6. The observed abnormalities were not related to elevations in the proportions of T cells bearing surface receptors for IgG (T gamma Cells). Our results suggest that intrinsic functional T-cell defects contribute to the impaired immunity associated with Hodgkin9s disease.
Simultaneous probe and pump extinction ratio enhancement demonstration in all-optical noninverted wavelength shifting

We demonstrate the utility of a semiconductor optical amplifier SOA-based cross-gain compression two-stage wavelength shifter that provides the functions of: (1) an increased wavelength shifted output probe extinction ratio for both up-conversion and down-conversion; (2) a noninverted output probe data format; and (3) a simultaneous increase of the input pump extinction ratio. The additional feature of an increased pump extinction ratio may be beneficial when broadcasting to several /spl lambda/-dependent destinations. We demonstrate this two-stage shifter when up-converting from a l-Gbit/s 1551-nm input pump to a 1558-nm output probe. We show that the pump and probe extinction ratios are simultaneously increased by 2.4 and 2.0 dB, respectively, relative to the single-stage case while incurring a probe power penalty of only /spl sim/0.5 dB at 1 Gbit/s. We also show that the output probe is not inverted. This scheme can be extended to several cascaded stages and to higher rates.