cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mining hidden associations in text corpora through concept chain and graph queries

The availability of large volumes of text documents has created the potential to discover valuable information hidden in those texts. This in turn has created the need for automated methods of discovering such information without having to read it all. The main theme of this dissertation is based on the hypotheses that the whole (document collection) is greater than the sum of its parts (individual documents). Interesting links and hidden information that connect facts, propositions or hypotheses can be found by using novel text mining techniques along with traditional data mining techniques. We refer to this research area as unapparent information revelation (UIR). The goal of this dissertation is to automate techniques that will sift through these extensive document collections and find such links. Previous work in our UIR group has defined Concept Chain Queries (CCQ) and Concept Graph Queries (CGQ), special cases of text mining in document collections focusing on detecting links between two or more concepts across text documents. A concept chain query involving concepts A and B has the following meaning: find the most plausible relationships between concept A and concept B assuming that one or more instances of both concepts occur in the corpus, but not necessarily in the same document. Different from traditional search, CCQ is interpreted as finding the best concept chain and evidence trail across multiple documents that connect two concepts. CCQ can be extended to CGQ where three or more concepts are involved. In this dissertation, the UIR problem is approached from various perspectives. I adapt the traditional bag-of-words approach, the existing Association Rule Mining method and the Local Context Analysis technique to address this problem. Specifically, I have shown that it is possible to improve knowledge discovery in document collections through combining text retrieval and link analysis techniques. Additionally, an explanation of the retrieved chain (graph), in terms of a cross-document evidence trail, is also generated for further investigation. The latter is a special case of a cross document summary. Experiments on different data sets are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
Synopsis and Conclusions

It has been established that norm changes preceded the transformation of the East German society and its partial societal systems. The high grade of the former East German society’s order implied a low reaction flexibility to external and environmental influences and prevented an adjustment to modified needs within the existing systems. This necessitated fundamental structural changes and these alterations can not be interpreted as evolutionary because no adaptation within the existing systems in the form of integrating new elements and features happened.
Fractionation of whey proteins with a hexapeptide ligand affinity resin.

The isolation of individual proteins from whey would allow production of more consistent and reliable products by the food industry and possibly would also increase their use in the pharmaceutical industry. α-Lactalbumin is the second most prevalent protein in bovine milk whey and has many uses including serving as an excellent protein source in infant formulas, power drinks and other beverages that require soluble, nutritional protein. In this study, we describe two methods for production of α-lactalbumin from whey protein isolate using bioselective adsorption. The use of a peptide ligand (WHWRKR) attached to a resin allowed production of an α-lactalbumin-rich fraction with a purity of 90.6% and a recovery of 47.9%, while also producing other fractions of commercial interest. The combined use of an amino resin followed by the WHWRKR resin produce a highly purified α-lactalbumin (100%) with a yield of 35.2%.
The acquisition of procedural knowledge through inductive learning

Most induction systems previously developed are concerned with the acquisition of generalized characteristic descriptions from training instances represented in either attribute tuples or first order predicate (or their variations). An extension to the problem can be achieved by allowing each training instance to take the form of a sequence of descriptions, which may represent an instance of an operation sequence, or the description of a temporal event.
Dental Injury: Anatomy, Pathogenesis, and Anesthesia Considerations and Implications

Perioperative dental injury is the result of mechanical trauma typically sustained during upper airway management for general anesthesia. Despite well-documented risk factors and a simplistic mechanism, iatrogenic damage to the dentition remains very prevalent. In fact, both the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons have had to publish guidelines specifically addressing this complication (Miller and Pardo (2011). Airway management. Basics of anesthesia, 6th edn. Elsevier, Philadelphia, p 219–251; AAOMS parameters of care: clinical practice guidelines for oral and maxillofacial surgery. (AAOMS ParCare 2012)). A decrease in the rate of patient edentulism coupled with an increased predominance and cost of dental restorations has made this complication even more significant (Thomson and Ma. Singap Dent J 35:3–8, 2014). This chapter briefly discusses the most common causes of perioperative dental injury with specific focus on direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Risk factors are also discussed with the most pertinent including preexisting dental disease as well as a predicted difficult intubation (de Sousa and Mourao. Braz J Anesthesiol 65(6):511–518, 2013). A review of the necessary dental anatomy, dental pathology, and dental restorations is provided for the perioperative personnel without dental training. Next reviewed are preventative measures including correct laryngoscopy technique, preoperative patient-provider communication, and various other clinical aids to minimize risk. The treatment of perioperative dental injury always begins with a rapid diagnosis in order to identify any possible acute stage treatment necessary to prevent further damage. Once stable, the provider must then consult the treating service with an urgency determined by the morbidity of the injury. Finally, a discussion of the most relevant medical legal implications is provided.
Performance-Based Feedback to Enhance Early Interventionist’s Practice and Caregiver and Child Outcomes:

We used a multiple-probe single-case design to determine whether there was a functional relation between peer-delivered, technology-enhanced, performance-based feedback (TEPF) and early interventio...
Split Octonionic Cauchy Integral Formula

Cauchy integral formulas for the quaternions have been known since 1926. This result has previously been extended to the octonions and split quaternions. These techniques are extended to the split octonions. Thus Cauchy integral formulas are now known for all composition algebras over the real numbers.
Broadband, Non-Resonant Platform for Electric Field Enhancement

Performance in several photonics applications such as detection, sensing, light emission and non-linearity enhancement can be substantially improved by electric field enhancement and efficient light funneling into deep subwavelength channels. Phenomena such as structural surface plasmon resonance and extraordinary optical transmission are typically utilized to achieve this. The resonant nature of the phenomenon makes it inherently narrowband restricting its application. Broadband electric field enhancement over a large wavelength range in the mid-infrared (~ 2 – 10 micron) is possible using a double-grooved metallic structure [1] as it operates nonresonantly. We will describe fabrication of the double-groove structure and its optical response when absorptive materials are introduced. The effect of broadband electric field enhancement in the optical response will be discussed.Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.
Comparison of Neural Network Architectures for Physics-Driven Deep Learning MRI Reconstruction

Machine learning techniques have recently received interest as a means of improving MRI reconstruction. Conventionally, ill-conditioned reconstruction problems are solved using iterative optimization algorithms that alternate between applying data consistency and a proximal operator based on a regularizer. This iterative procedure can also be unrolled for a finite number of iterations to generate a feed-forward model. In physics-driven machine learning approaches, the known forward encoding model is used for enforcing data consistency in an unrolled iterative regularized least squares reconstruction. A neural network, which may or may not share weights across different unrolled iterations, is used as the regularizer prior. In this study, we aim to compare several neural network architectures, namely U-Net, ResNet and DenseNet for such physicsdriven reconstruction. The performance of these architectures are evaluated on the publicly available fastMRI knee database. Comparisons are made for uniform and random undersampling masks. The results indicate that a DenseNet regularization unit performs as well as the other strategies for both uniform and random undersampling patterns, even though it has considerably fewer trainable parameters.
Dazzle camouflage as queer counter conduct

Developed as an anti-surveillance strategy during World War I, dazzle camouflage used sharply contrasting colors to disguise ships in the British navy from enemy observation. Unlike traditional cam...
Is That What I Think It Is? Impact of Screen Size on User Ability to Identify Human Activities

Soldiers on the modern battlefield are taking advantage of aerial surveillance systems to provide better situation awareness while limiting their exposure to the enemy. The efficacy of this technology is a function of the human factors considerations inherent in the design. This study investigated the impact of display size on Soldiers’ situation awareness in a target detection and identification task using a 2 (screen sizes) × 3 (# of personnel in scenario) × 5 (activity types) full factorial design. Accuracy, response time, and confidence data were collected from 56 participants who observed 30 scenarios. No significant difference was found for display size but certain activities were more difficult to identify. Implications of the results and recommendations for additional research are discussed.
An Integral Experiment on Polyethylene Using Radiative Capture in Indium Foils in a High Flux D-D Neutron Generator

We report here the results of a measurement of the scattered versus unscattered neutron fluence on polyethylene determined via neutron activation of multiple natural indium foils from a deuterium-d...
Pulmonary Edema in Hb S/β+ thalassemia Patient Leading to Acute Chest Syndrome. A Case Report and Review of Literature

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is associated with prolonged hospitalization and high mortality in sickle cell population. The etiology of ACS is often multifactorial. It is well known that any chest pain that limits ventilation, blood flow or oxygenation establishes the risk of ACS. The independent contributory mechanism is fluid overload, resulting in pulmonary edema. In this report, we present a case of compound heterozygous Hb S/β+ thalassemia in a 32-year-old woman who presented with chest pain complicated by the development of pulmonary edema advancing to acute chest syndrome. We discuss the putative mechanisms might have led to pulmonary edema in this patient including hydration with underlying renal defect, along with a vicious cycle of vascular changes that resulted into pulmonary edema and consequently ACS.
Di-tert-butylsilylene as a protecting group for substituted salicylic acids

Abstract The use of di-tert-butylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) has been used to form cyclic protecting groups for substituted salicylic acids. The reaction works well in the presence of a variety of electron-donating groups (EDG) affording the protected compounds in moderate to excellent yields (70–99%) in most cases. In addition, a handful of electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) also provided the corresponding protected silylene derivatives in good yields (77–83%). However, substrates bearing additional ortho -substitution of the carboxylic acid moiety as well as strongly deactivating groups on the aromatic ring did not undergo reaction.
Assessing the validity of the distalization and lateralization shoulder angles following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Background The distalization shoulder angles (DSA) and lateralization shoulder angles (LSA) were developed to reproducibly measure DSA and LSA after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). In this study, we sought to validate these measurements and their associations with clinical outcomes following RSA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 238 patients undergoing RSA between May 2016 and December 2017 by 1 single-fellowship trained surgeon (A.J.). Two raters (K.A.M and E.C.) independently measured DSA and LSA in preoperative and postoperative radiographs (AP/Grashey and humeral-length views) using DSA, LSA, and humeral lengthening methodologies. DSA and LSA were then compared to patient-reported outcomes and range of motion (ROM) collected at 2-year follow-up. Results Interobserver reliability analysis showed near perfect agreement for DSA, LSA, and humeral lengthening. Lateralized prostheses were associated with higher LSAs (88.26 ± 7.44 vs. 81.95 ± 6.49; P Conclusion The DSA and LSA shoulder angles are simple and highly reproducible measures, but seem to have marginal correlation with postoperative clinical outcomes. Further investigations into the prognostic utility of minimally cumbersome RSA measurement methodologies are warranted. Level of Evidence Level Ⅲ; Retrospective Cohort Study
Statistical inference approach to time-delay interferometry for gravitational-wave detection

The future space-based gravitational wave observatory laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) will consist of a constellation of three spacecraft in a triangular constellation, connected by laser interferometers with 2.5 million-kilometer arms. Among other challenges, the success of the mission strongly depends on the quality of the cancellation of laser frequency noise, whose power lies 8 orders of magnitude above the gravitational signal. The standard technique to perform noise removal is time-delay interferometry (TDI). TDI constructs linear combinations of delayed phasemeter measurements tailored to cancel laser noise terms. Previous work has demonstrated the relationship between TDI and principal component analysis (PCA). We build on this idea to develop an extension of TDI based on a model likelihood that directly depends on the phasemeter measurements. Assuming stationary Gaussian noise, we decompose the measurement covariance using PCA in the frequency domain. We obtain a comprehensive and compact framework that we call PCI for ``principal component interferometry'' and show that it provides an optimal description of the LISA data analysis problem.
A Pilot Study of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Across a Broad Sample of Surgical Patients.

Abstract Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have the potential to aid in surgical decision-making, predict surgical outcomes, assess recovery, and evaluate long-term success. We performed a pilot study testing the ability to use PROs in a broad surgical population in preparation for wide spread use. Material and methods Surgical patients completed five Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures during their preoperative encounter in the preanesthesia clinic and again postoperatively via emailed link. Preoperative to postoperative changes in PROMIS scores, factors related to completion of postoperative measures, intercorrelations between PROMIS measures, and numbers of patients with normal function, and mild, moderate, and severe deficits in PROMIS scores were analyzed. Results A total of 393 patients undergoing surgery in 8 specialties completed preoperative PROMIS measures; 239 (60.8%) completed them postoperatively. Physical function (P 0.80) among the physical function and self-efficacy for activities of daily living PROMIS measures. Physical function and pain PROMIS measures had the largest number of patients in the “severe” range after surgery. Conclusions Patients across a broad surgical population completed PROMIS measures successfully, both preoperatively and postoperatively, although the postoperative completion rate was lower than other studies reported in the literature. PROMIS scores were reflective of the effects of surgery. Some of the PROMIS measures were highly correlated suggesting that some measures could be eliminated or replaced with measures assessing other important effects of surgery. Consideration could be made to alert health care providers about patients having PROs in the “severe” range for potential intervention.
The life of the law has not been logic it has been experience: International legal ethnography and the New Legal Realism

Scholars in law and the social sciences are calling into question the conventional doctrinal account of how international law works. We join this chorus by extolling the virtues of a new method for studying the social life of international law: international legal ethnography. Ethnographic approaches advance the project of the New Legal Realism by explaining legal outcomes through a multidisciplinary study of concrete institutional practices and the subjectivity of legal actors in international justice institutions. A full understanding of why international courts produce influential legal precedent as well as incoherent law and failed prosecutions requires a grasp of both international legal doctrine as well as the organizational culture and quotidian practice of international organizations. International justice institutions are neither insulated from the vagaries of global politics, nor simply reducible to them. Because of their unique and structurally-fragile position betwixt and between national legal cultures, international criminal tribunals have of necessity created a socialization process that inculcates distinctive norms, practices and values among its staff, a process that has identifiable consequences for legal process and outcomes. Our ultimate goal is neither naive faith in the probity of international tribunals, nor a reflexively moral dystopian-ism, but a clear-eyed assessment of both the successes and shortcomings of international justice institutions.
Medical Visualization Using 3D Imaging and Volume Data: A Survey

In the medical field, the visualization of several body parts is essential to understand the internal functions of the anatomical framework of the body. In this survey article, we review medical visualization and many techniques to create visual representations for medical applications. The main techniques employed are X-ray imaging, Positron Emission Technique (PET), Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound, and many others. Radiosurgery involves the use of radiation to destroy selected areas affected by cancer. Ionizing radiation such as Photon and Proton beam is used to treat cancer. The advanced forms of digital imaging can give a representation of both 2D and 3D. Several scans are combined as volume data to produce numerous images simultaneously. It is important to understand the best ways in which medical practitioners can diagnose their patients in the most accurate method and give the best advice on the treatment.
404. The occurrence of stroke in COVID-19

Background: Patient with COVID-19 may exhibit a wide array of neurologic manifestations, including stroke;in some cases, stroke is the presenting or predominant manifestation The frequency of stroke in COVID-19 has varied greatly in previous reports, probably reflecting the intensity with which neurologic abnormalities have been sought The great majority of stroke have been thought to be ischemic Methods: Review of data, case reports, and case series Results: See table 1 for a summary of reported data on neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 When MRI has been done, the great majority of strokes have been shown to be ischemic COVID-19 causes a generalized hypercoagulable state, and arterial thromboses have been recognized in other organs, as well, involving pulmonary, mesenteric and coronary arteries Coronavirus infection causes an intense release of cytokines with widespread activation of the coagulation cascade In addition, SARSCoV- 2 attaches to ACE 2 receptors on endothelial surfaces via the S (spike) protein and invades causing a localized inflammatory response, with a resulting increase in local thrombotic activity Antiphospholipid antibodies are sometimes present New data suggest possible role of alpha-defensin level in creation and prevention of disintegration of blood clots To date, reports of neurologic disease are based on case series, so there is no way, at present, to calculate the frequency of neurologic complications of COVID-19 A systematic, prospective study focusing on neurologic examination supplemented by MRI in hospitalized patients would answer the question of the incidence of this complication, but logistical problems including patients' need for ICU care and concern for contagion resulting from sending patents out of the ICU for procedures mitigate against the likelihood of such a study being done Conclusion: We hypothesize that: (1) stroke occurs in COVID-19 more frequently than is recognized;(2) a hypercoagulable state with inflammation at the site of local invasion of vascular endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2, perhaps with a role for antiphospolipid antibodies all contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke;and (3) more liberal use of anticoagulation in COVID-19 cases should be considered
Application to Charges Moving in Crystals: Resolution of the Mobility Puzzle in Naphthalene and Related Results

The nature of the motion of charge carriers is reflected in the temperature dependence of their mobility. Photo-injected carriers in aromatic hydrocarbon crystals had shown puzzling behavior particularly in naphthalene in which the mobility drops with an increase in temperature from 30 to 100 K and is then unaffected by it as temperature varies further from 100 to 300 K. Many theories had been developed to explain the phenomenon. The chapter showed how they all fail when put to quantitative test. These qualitatively (apparently) successful explanations included standard acoustic phonon scattering formalisms, SLE considerations, and polaron considerations as well. It was shown how the GME theory with its specific calculational scheme applied to a system of polaronic transfer finally succeeded for the entire temperature interval and in all crystallographic considerations. Further calculations, some of them about the saturation of mobility with increasing field, and others designed to address materials with carrier bands broader than in narrow-band polaronic materials were developed. The latter showed how a mobility dependence could arise with the appearance of a band-hopping transition for intermediate width bands.
From silver nanoparticles to thin films: Evolution of microstructure and electrical conduction on glass substrates

Abstract Silver nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric matrix are investigated for their potential as broadband-absorbing optical sensor materials. This contribution focuses on the electrical properties of silver nanoparticles on glass substrates at various morphological stages. The electrical current through thin films, consisting of silver nanoparticles, was characterized as a function of film thickness. Three distinct conductivity zones were observed. Two relatively flat zones (“dielectric” for very thin films and “metallic” for films thicker than 300–400 A) are separated by a sharp transition zone where percolation dominates. The dielectric zone is characterized by isolated particle islands with the electrical conduction dominated by a thermally activated tunneling process. The transition zone is dominated by interconnected silver nanoclusters—a small increase of the film thickness results in a large increase of the electrical conductivity. The metallic conductivity zone dominates for thicknesses above 300–400 A.
Mechanisms of inhibition of human benign prostatic hyperplasia in vitro by the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix.

OBJECTIVE To assess the mechanism by which the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist cetrorelix exerts its effects in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as it produces a long-lasting improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms that is only partly accounted for by the transient reduction in testosterone levels, and the beneficial results could be due to direct inhibitory effects of cetrorelix on the prostate exerted through prostatic LHRH receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the BPH-1 cell line we evaluated the effects of cetrorelix in vitro on the proliferation and the expression of receptors for LHRH, epidermal growth factor (EGF), α1A-adrenergic receptor, STAT-3 transcription factor and the response to growth factors insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and -II and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. RESULTS There was expression of LHRH receptors in the human BPH-1 cell line. Cetrorelix had inhibitory effects on the proliferation rate of BPH-1 cells, also reflected by the decrease in the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Cetrorelix inhibited the stimulatory effect of the growth factors IGF-I and -II and FGF-2 on the proliferation of this line. Cetrorelix also downregulated the expression of the receptors for LHRH and EGF, as well as of α1A-adrenergic receptors, and inhibited the activation of the STAT3 transcription factor. CONCLUSIONS The results show that in vitro cetrorelix can directly inhibit the proliferation rate of the human BPH-1 cell line by counteracting growth factors like IGF-I and -II and FGF-2, and downregulating the LHRH receptor and α-adrenergic receptors, as well as transcription factors.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIS(DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE) INDIUM(III), In[S2CN(CH3)2]3

The synthesis and structure of the indium dithiocarbamate, In[S2CN(CH3)2]30 central dot 1/2 4- mepy (4-mepy = 4-methylpyridine), is described. Indium metal was oxidized by tetramethylthiuramdisulfide in 4-methylpyridine at 25 C to form a new, homoleptic indium(III) dithiocarbamate in yields exceeding 60%. In[S2CN(CH3)2]3 exists as a discrete molecule with a distorted-octahedral geometry. The compound crystallizes in the P 1-bar (No. 2) space group with a = 9.282(l) A, b = 10.081 (1) A, c, c = 12.502 A, alpha = 73.91 (1)(sup 0), beta = 70.21(1)(sup 0), gamma = 85.84(1)(sup 0), Z = 2, V (A(sup 3) = 1057.3(3), R = 0.046, and R(sub w) = 0.061.
How and why network governance evolves: evidence from a public safety network

Public sector organizations increasingly form interorganizational networks that rely on technology to achieve what they cannot achieve independently. The governance of these public sector networks is complex due to the nature of interorganizational relationships and technology. This paper aims to increase our understanding of network governance by exploring the evolution of governance over the 40+ year lifespan of a public sector network. The historical case study is based on the technology affordance and organizational actualization concepts applied to three critical incidents in the history of a public safety network. The incidents provide evidence that technology and governance do interact, that timing matters and that future research is needed to understand more fully how and why network governance evolves and the implications of governance evolution on network performance.
Neoliberalism, Corporate Culture, and the Promise of Higher Education: The University as a Democratic Public Sphere

In this article, Henry Giroux addresses the corrosive effects of corporate culture on the academy and recent attempts by faculty and students to resist the corporatization of higher education. Giroux argues that neoliberalism is the most dangerous ideology of the current historical moment. He shows that civic discourse has given way to the language of commercialization, privatization, and deregulation and that, within the language and images of corporate culture, citizenship is portrayed as an utterly privatized affair that produces self-interested individuals. He maintains that corporate culture functions largely to either ignore or cancel out social injustices in the existing social order by overriding the democratic impulses and practices of civil society through an emphasis on the unbridled workings of market relations. Giroux suggests that these trends mark a hazardous turn in U.S. society, one that threatens our understanding of democracy and affects the ways we address the meaning and purpose of hi...
Theory of CO2 Exchange in Trout Gills

1. A computer simulation of countercurrent CO 2 exchange in fish gills was constructed to examine effects of variations in blood and water flow rates. 2. CO 2 output was sensitive to both blood and water flow rates, contrary to experimental data. 3. Various explanations of the contradiction are discussed, including patterns of gill perfusion and possible shunting of blood. 4. A simplified version of the model was also used to demonstrate extreme sensitivity of CO 2 efflux to variations of the residence time of blood in the gills. 5. Data from the literature on reaction rate constants for the CO 2 /carbonate/ bicarbonate system are summarized, and the importance of some of these reactions is examined.
Evolution and intelligent design in drug development

Sophisticated protein kinase networks, empowering complexity in higher organisms, are also drivers of devastating diseases such as cancer. Accordingly, these enzymes have become major drug targets of the 21st century. However, the holy grail of designing specific kinase inhibitors aimed at specific cancers has not been found. Can new approaches in cancer drug design help win the battle with this multi-faced and quickly evolving enemy? In this perspective we discuss new strategies and ideas that were born out of a recent breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis underlying the clinical success of the cancer drug Gleevec. An “old” method, stopped-flow kinetics, combined with old enzymes, the ancestors dating back up to about billion years, provides an unexpected outlook for future intelligent design of drugs.
An unusual presentation of systemic amyloidosis.

SUMMARY We report a case of systemic amyloidosis presenting as intracutaneous haemorrhage following cardiac arrest.
Dynamics of Physical and Chemical Parameters in Okefenokee Swamp

ABSTRACT Diurnal and annual variations of physical and chemical parameters in a marsh within Okefenokee Swamp were examined during 1777 and 1978. Temperature, conductivity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium were affected by physical and biotic factors that operated on different temporal scales. Temperature, carbon dioxide, and oxygen showed diurnal and seasonal patterns that are typical of shallow marshes. Conductivity was less than 80 μmphos cm-1 and varied with O2 and temperature. Dissolved cation concentrations, especially those of K+ and Ng++, were low. Diurnal changes in K+ and Na++ concentrations were statistically significant and seemed to be related to biotic uptake and release.
Mammography knowledge and intentions among insured women.

Abstract Method . A survey was conducted among 1,113 randomly selected insured state university employees to evaluate knowledge of the American Cancer Society mammography guidelines, awareness of insurance coverage for screening mammograms, previous guideline adherence, and future mammography intentions. Results . The survey, which included two mailings with follow-up phone calls of nonresponders, had a refusal rate of 6%. Respondents were relatively more likely to know the guidelines for older age groups; 77% knew the guideline for women 50+. Over one-third of the respondents were not aware that their insurance policy covered screening mammograms. For women who had never had a mammogram, insurance knowledge was significantly related to intentions to have a mammogram in the future. Previous screening adherence, as well as future intentions, was positively related to the age of the respondent. The results are contrasted with those of previous studies, and the implications for the content of future breast cancer screening campaigns are discussed.
Time‐since‐transplant quality of life for liver recipients

baker ka (2010) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 2, 41–50 Time-since-transplant quality of life for liver recipients Aim. To identify the quality of life experienced by liver transplant recipients according to time-since-transplant and selected patient demographics. Background. Chronic liver disease is the 12th leading cause of death in the US. While seen as a successful intervention for treating liver failure, transplant recipients face many issues of chronicity that affect their quality of life over time. Most research has addressed limited aspects of quality of life related to functional or socioeconomic status. A multidimensional approach, however, is needed; therefore, this cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken using Ferrans and Powers (1985, 1992) conceptual framework of quality of life. Method. A descriptive correlational comparative study design was used to describe quality of life for liver transplant recipients. Demographic variables of interest (e.g. gender, ethnicity, educational level, employment, health status) were also evaluated. To minimise the limitations of a cross-sectional design, participants were grouped as time-since-transplant cohorts to identify potential changes in quality of life that may be reflected relevant to a specific time period in the transplant survivor process. Data were collected June through August 2002. Conclusions. Quality of Life Index scores in this sample (n = 471) were high (M = 23·72 on a scale of 0–30). Participants with the highest Quality of Life Index scores were female, older (65–79 years old), and three to five years post-transplant. Differences for Total Quality of Life Index scores between the time-since-transplant cohorts (accounting for age) were non-significant. Scores for the family subscale were highest of the four subscales. The data suggest that liver transplant recipients are satisfied regardless of time-since-transplant with their quality of life post-transplant. Relevance to clinical practice. Healthcare providers can assure potential liver transplant recipients that a high quality of life is generally experienced following transplantation. Furthermore, the experience of quality of life is stable and persists across time. Nurses and healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of family to liver transplant recipients and incorporate this knowledge in providing support and care to this patient population. Individuals who are younger, not married, have a lower health status, or who are unemployed may require more support during their post-transplant experience.
The influence of the squeeze film on particle impact velocities in erosion

Summary The results of a study of the cushioning effect of the fluid between an approaching solid particle and a planar surface are reported. Solutions are obtained for the equations that describe the motion of the fluid in the squeeze film between the particle and the surface. It is shown that the pressure required to exude the fluid from between the impinging particle and the target is of sufficient magnitude to markedly reduce the impact velocity below the value predicted by the potential flow solution. In some cases the particle is stopped prior to impact by the cushioning effect and a criterion for the assessment of the effect, expressed in terms of the particle Reynolds number and the particle and fluid densities, is presented. Significant retardation immediately prior to impact is found for all particles and approach velocities in liquid-solid erosion. The effect of the squeeze film on particle trajectories after impact is discussed. The predicted functional form of the results is confirmed by experimentally determined values of impact velocity of spherical glass and steel particles suspended in various liquids deduced from the examination of crater sizes.
Interaction between Common Organic Acids and Trace Nucleation Species in the Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric aerosols formed via nucleation in the Earth’s atmosphere play an important role in the aerosol radiative forcing associated directly with global climate changes and public health. Although it is well-known that atmospheric aerosol particles contain organic species, the chemical nature of and physicochemical processes behind atmospheric nucleation involving organic species remain unclear. In the present work, the interaction of common organic acids with molecular weights of 122, 116, 134, 88, 136, and 150 (benzoic, maleic, malic, pyruvic, phenylacetic, and tartaric acids) with nucleation precursors and charged trace species has been investigated. We found a moderate strong effect of the organic species on the stability of neutral and charged ionic species. In most cases, the free energies of the mixed H2SO4−organic acid dimer formation are within 1−1.5 kcal mol−1 of the (H2SO4)(NH3) formation energy. The interaction of the organic acids with trace ionic species is quite strong, and the correspo...
The impact of an arts program in a children's cancer and hematology center

The Arts in Medicine (AIM) program is an established, 13-year-old program in a major children's Cancer and Hematology Center that provides meaningful artistic opportunities to cancer patients and their families in inpatient and outpatient settings. We report the results of a survey-based program evaluation assessing the clinical effectiveness of AIM-facilitated activities. The survey consisted of questions designed to assess patient familiarity with and participation in art opportunities. Among 460 patients and family members, we found low familiarity with the actual AIM program but high participation in and perceived benefit of AIM-facilitated activities. To raise awareness, implementing a daily activity schedule and providing AIM program information to all newly diagnosed patients and families is recommended. Teenagers perceived art activities to be especially beneficial. To increase older children's involvement in AIM activities, expanding performance arts and increasing specific efforts to engage teen...
Managerial Learning, Organizational Learning: A Potentially Powerful Redundancy

Two illustrations of organizational interventions by consultants and CEOs measured at late stages of managerial development are shown to generate significant opportunities for both managerial and o...
Encapsulated white-light CdSe nanocrystals as nanophosphors for solid-state lighting

White-light emitting ultra-small CdSe nanocrystals present exciting possibilities in the area of solid-state lighting technology. In this work, thirteen dissimilar polymers were examined as potential encapsulants for these single-sized nanocrystals. Films of the encased nanocrystals were characterized in terms of nanocrystal aggregation and changes to the nanocrystals' natural emission. The Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters of each encapsulant were found to be correlated to the quality of nanocrystal encapsulation achieved. Encapsulants with cyclosiloxane or bisphenol-A type epoxy structures caused extensive aggregation of the nanocrystals at low loading levels (<0.5% w/w) due to the solubility difference between the polymer structure and the nanocrystals' ligands. Of the encapsulants tested, the most robust, color stable, and homogenous encapsulation was obtained using a biphenylperfluorocyclobutyl polymer. In this polymer, nanocrystal loading levels up to 18% w/w were achieved. White-light emitting CdSe nanocrystals encapsulated in the biphenylperfluorocyclobutyl polymer were coated on various UV-LEDs creating a white light source with chromaticity coordinates of (0.324, 0.322) and a high color-rendering index of 93.
The Functions of Deviance in Groups

Although sociologists have repeatedly noted that close similarities exist between various forms of social marginality, research directed at these forms has only begun to mark the path toward a social theory of deviance. This slow pace may in part result from the fact that deviant behavior is too frequently visualized as a product of organizational failure rather than as a facet of organization itself. Albert Cohen has recently attempted to specify some of the assumptions and definitions necessary for a sociology of deviant behavior (3). He has urged the importance of erecting clearly defined concepts, devising a homogeneous class of phenomena explainable by a unified system of theory, and developing a sociological rather than a psychological framework as would be the case, for example, in a central problem which was stated: "What is it about the structure of social systems that determines the kinds of criminal acts that occur in these systems and the way in which such acts are distributed within the systems?" (3, p. 462). Cohen has also suggested that a theory of deviant behavior should account simultaneously for deviance and conformity; that is, the explanation of one should serve as the explanation of the other.
A multi-objective constrained resource information system project selection method

Abstract This paper demonstrates the application of a zero-one goal programming model as a decision method for selecting information system (IS) projects. This paper illustrates the importance of using multi-objective, constrained resource modeling in IS project selection decision making. A comparative example demonstrating the consequences for a regional utility company that used the more common ranking selection methods is presented as a case study. The results changed the utility company's selection process by showing how IS management resources can be saved and how the typical IS project selection criteria can be easily incorporated into a model for improved decision making.
The role of phosphorus in rhyolitic liquids as determined from the homogeneous iron redox equilibrium

The redox ratio of iron is used as an indicator of solution properties of silicate liquids in the system (SiO−Al2O3−K2O−FeO−Fe2O3−P2O5). Glasses containing 80–85 mol% SiO2 with 1 mol% Fe2O3 and compositions covering a range of K2O/Al2O3 were synthesized at 1400°C in air (fixed fO2). Variations in the ratio FeO/FeO1.5 resulting from the addition of P2O5 are used to determine the solution behavior of phosphorus and its interactions with other cations in the silicate melt. In 80 mol% SiO2 peralkaline melts the redox ratio, expressed as FeO/FeO1.5, is unchanged relative to the reference curve with the addition of 3 mol% P2O5. Yet, the iron redox ratio in the 85 mol% SiO2 potassium aluminosilicate melts is decreased relative to phosphorus-free liquids even for small amounts of P2O5 (0.5 mol%). The redox ratio in peraluminous melts is decreased relative to phosphorus- free liquids at P2O5 concentrations of 3 mol%. In peraluminous liquids, complexing of both Fe+3−O−P+5 and Al+3−O−P+5 occur. The activity coefficient of Fe+3 is decreased because more ferric iron can be accommodated than in phosphorus-free liquids. In peralkaline melts, there is no evidence that P+5 is removing K+ from either Al+3 or Fe+3 species. In chargebalanced melts with 3 mol% Fe2O3 and very high P2O5 concentrations, phosphorus removes K+ from K−O−Fe+3 complexes resulting in a redox increase. P2O5 should be accommodated easily in peraluminous rhyolitic liquids and phosphate saturation may be suppressed relative to metaluminous rhyolites. In peralkaline melts, phosphate solubility may increase as a result of phosphorus complexing with alkalis. The complexing stoichiometry may be variable, however, and the relative influence of peralkalinity versus temperature on phosphate solubility in rhyolitic melts deserves greater attention.
Rheological and Water‐Holding Properties of Gelled Meat Batters Containing Iota Carrageenan, Kappa Carrageenan or Xanthan gum

Meat batters containing either 0.5% or 1% iota carrageenan (IC, kappa carrageenan (KC) or xanthan gum (XG) were investigated. Rigidity changes during heating and Instron texture profile analysis indicated textural properties of batters. All treatments exhibited a decrease in water-holding ability (WHA) from 55–70°C. Addition of IC increased WHA, rigidity at 70°C, force-to-fracture and true shear strain. KC increased rigidity at 70°C and was most effective at increasing hardness. XC decreased all textural parameters measured. Gums were specific in affecting textural and WHA properties.
As You Like It: Senior Federal Judges and the Political Economy of Judicial Tenure

One interesting feature of the federal judiciary is that Article III judges enjoy lifetime tenure, a unique privilege not shared by members of the federal executive or legislative branches. In addition, judges who serve the requisite years can retire at full salary, guaranteed for life. Yet, the overwhelming majority of judges elect to remain on the bench for, effectively, their entire lives, first as active judges, then as senior judges. Despite the steady increase of both active and senior judges over the past century, little is known about the factors that motivate individuals to become and remain federal judges, even in the absence of financial incentives. Drawing from statistical data provided by the Federal Judicial Center and responses from a fall 2003 survey sent to all senior circuit and district federal court judges, this article describes how institutional and political developments, as well as the onset of aging, influence the capacity in which judges preside on, but not their commitment to, the federal bench. These findings provide insight into the political economy of the federal judiciary, as well as how individuals generally contribute to their respective professions as they grow older.