cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phase accuracy via topological and geometrical analysis of electron‐density maps

An empirical function is developed to measure the protein-like character of electron-density maps. The function is based upon a systematic analysis of numerous local and global map properties or descriptors. Local descriptors measure the occurrence throughout the unit cell of unique patterns on various defined templates, while global descriptors enumerate topological characteristics that define the connectivity and complexity of electron-density isosurfaces. We examine how these quantitative descriptors vary as error is introduced into the phase sets used to generate maps. Informative descriptors are combined in an optimal fashion to arrive at a predictive function. When the topological and geometrical analysis is applied to protein maps generated from phase sets with varying amounts of error, the function is able to estimate changes in average phase error with an accuracy of better than 10°. Additionally, when used to monitor maps generated with experimental phases from different heavy-atom models, the analysis clearly distinguishes between the correct heavy-atom substructure solution and incorrect heavy-atom solutions. The function is also evaluated as a tool to monitor changes in map quality and phase error before and after density-modification procedures.
Neutral atoms behave much like classical spherical capacitors

The scaling of the capacitance with radius is explored in detail for neutral atoms, and it is found that they behave much like macroscopic spherical capacitors. The quantum capacitances of atoms scale as a linear function of the mean radii of their highest occupied orbitals. The slopes of the linear scaling lines include a dimensionless constant of proportionality {kappa} that is somewhat analogous to a dielectric constant, but for individual atoms. The slope and {kappa} assume discrete values characteristic of elements in different regions of the periodic table. These observations provide a different, electrostatics-based way of understanding the periodic behavior of the elements.
Process Evaluation of a Regional Public Health Model to Reduce Chronic Disease Through Policy and Systems Changes, Washington State, 2010–2014

Introduction Although the regionalization of public health systems has been well documented in the case of emergency preparedness, there is little literature on the application of regional approaches to other aspects of public health. From 2011 through 2014 the Washington State Department of Health implemented a Community Transformation Grant to support community-level policy and systems changes to decrease chronic disease risk factors and increase access to clinical preventive services. The Department of Health implemented the grant through a regional model, grouping 32 of the state's 35 local health jurisdictions into 5 regions. Our process evaluation identifies the challenges and facilitators to Community Transformation Grant planning and implementation. Methods We conducted 34 key informant interviews with people directly involved in the implementation of the Community Transformation Grant. We interviewed state and local partners, including representatives from each region, the Department of Health, external consultants, and regional partners. We collected data from October 2013 through July 2014. Results Challenges for planning, building, and implementing a regional model for chronic disease prevention included stakeholder buy-in, regional geography, and communication; facilitators included shared regional history and infrastructure, strong leadership, collaborative relationships, shared vision and goals, sufficient funding, and direct technical assistance and training. Conclusion Lessons learned in Washington State provide a foundation for other states interested in using a regional approach to reduce chronic disease risk. Policy and systems changes require adequate time, funding, and staffing. States and funders should work closely with local leaders to address these challenges and facilitators.
In situ hybridization in the study of remodeling in proliferative glomerulonephritis.

In sirir hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry provides a powerful tool to study the temporal and spatial rclationships between cellular sources of mRNA and localization of translated protein in normal biologic and pathologic processes. In this symposium, techniques in probe selection for the detection of mRNA in normal kidney and renal disease were discussed. Examples of the application of in sirir hybridization in the study of rcnal disease were demonstrated using a model of proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by habu snake venom. This model follows an accclcratcd coursc of remodeling involving mesangial cell migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. The cellular sources and tcmporal expression of 2 adhesive proteins, fibronectin and thrombospondin, known to have a role in cell remodeling during embryogcncsis and wound healing, were examined and compared to mcsangial cell behaviors during the course of habu venom-induced glomerulonephritis. Mesangial cell migration in early lesions was associated with thrombospondin and fibronectin derived from platelets or macrophagcs. Thrombospondin mRNA and protein peaked at 48 hr after habu venom and were associated with mesangial cell proliferation: but thrombospondin mRNA and protein declined at 72 hr when expression of collagen type IV and laminin mRNA and protein peaked. Mesangial cell expression of fibronectin first appeared at 48 hr, and peaked at 72 hr after habu venom. Thus, mesangial ccll migration was associated with exogenous fibronectin and thrombospondin derived from platelets or macrophages. hlesangial cell exprcssion of thrombospondin was associated with migration and proliferation, whereas, expression of fibronectin was associated with proliferation and matrix synthesis. These results suggest distinctive temporal and spatial roles for thrombospondin and fibronectin in rcmodcling during glomerulonephritis and illustrate the utility of in sirir hybridization and immunohistochemistry in the detection of cellular sourccs of translated proteins.
Piano Key Weir Hydraulics and Labyrinth Weir Comparison

AbstractA piano key (PK) weir is a type of nonlinear (labyrinth-type) control structure with a relatively small spillway footprint. No standard PK weir design procedure is available, and the amount...
Analysis of the fluctuating pattern of E. coli counts in the rinse water of an industrial poultry plant

Abstract A record of Escherichia coli counts in the wash water of a commercial poultry plant was examined. The 3000 successive counts were “de-rounded” and then divided into 10 equal segments. Only occasionally were the counts weakly auto-correlated, primarily for lag one, indicating that successive counts are slightly more prone to represent a similar microbial load than counts taken days or weeks apart. The counts distribution in the segments was highly skewed. It could be approximated by the logLaplace distribution function, the parameters of which were determined by the method of moments (MM) and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). These parameters were used to estimate the frequencies of excessively high counts in the next segment of counts. The estimates calculated by the two methods (MM and MLE) were in reasonable agreement with the actual (rounded) observations. They were much closer to the observed values than estimates derived from the non-parametric approach, i.e. where the actual frequencies in one segment served as estimates of the frequencies in the next segment. These findings suggest that despite the crudeness of the procedure, the future frequencies of high counts, and the associated risks they may indicate can be estimated from the fluctuations pattern of past records not only in principle, but also in practice.
High-order non-uniform grid schemes for numerical simulation of hypersonic boundary-layer stability and transition

The direct numerical simulation of receptivity, instability and transition of hypersonic boundary layers requires high-order accurate schemes because lower-order schemes do not have an adequate accuracy level to compute the large range of time and length scales in such flow fields. The main limiting factor in the application of high-order schemes to practical boundary-layer flow problems is the numerical instability of high-order boundary closure schemes on the wall. This paper presents a family of high-order non-uniform grid finite difference schemes with stable boundary closures for the direct numerical simulation of hypersonic boundary-layer transition. By using an appropriate grid stretching, and clustering grid points near the boundary, high-order schemes with stable boundary closures can be obtained. The order of the schemes ranges from first-order at the lowest, to the global spectral collocation method at the highest. The accuracy and stability of the new high-order numerical schemes is tested by numerical simulations of the linear wave equation and two-dimensional incompressible flat plate boundary layer flows. The high-order non-uniform-grid schemes (up to the 11th-order) are subsequently applied for the simulation of the receptivity of a hypersonic boundary layer to free stream disturbances over a blunt leading edge. The steady and unsteady results show that the new high-order schemes are stable and are able to produce high accuracy for computations of the nonlinear two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for the wall bounded supersonic flow.
Differential platelet levels affect response to taxane-based therapy in ovarian cancer

Purpose: We hypothesized that platelet levels during therapy could serve as a biomarker for response to therapy and that manipulation of platelet levels could impact responsiveness to chemotherapy. Experimental Design: The medical records of patients with recurrent or progressive ovarian cancer were retrospectively queried for changes in platelet and CA-125 levels during primary therapy. In vitro coculture experiments and in vivo orthotopic models of human ovarian cancer in mice were used to test the effect of modulating platelet levels on tumor growth and responsiveness to docetaxel. Results: Thrombocytosis at the diagnosis of ovarian cancer was correlated with decreased interval to progression ( P = 0.05) and median overall survival ( P = 0.007). Mean platelet levels corrected during primary therapy and rose at recurrence. Contrary to treatment-responsive patients, in a cohort of patients refractory to primary therapy, platelet levels did not normalize during therapy. In A2780, HeyA8, and SKOV3-ip1 ovarian cancer cell lines, platelet coculture protected against apoptosis ( P P P = 0.04). Platelet transfusion increased mean aggregate tumor weight 2.4-fold ( P P = 0.55) and decreased tumor cell apoptosis. Pretransfusion aspirinization of the platelets blocked the growth-promoting effects of transfusion. Conclusions: Platelet-driven effects of chemotherapy response may explain clinical observations. Clin Cancer Res; 21(3); 602–10. ©2014 AACR.
Efficacy Considerations for U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval of Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals

The safety and efficacy expectations for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals (DRs) are described in laws that broadly apply to all prescription drugs and biologic products. These laws also outline efficacy expectations that are unique for DRs. The FDA regulations and guidance documents elaborate on DR efficacy expectations for clinical uses of the drugs, such as the delineation of anatomy, the characterization of a physiologic process, or the diagnosis of disease. As described in the FDA regulations, the approval of a DR necessitates that the imaging drug has the ability to provide clinically useful information. Here we cite approved DRs to illustrate how the imaging performance of the drugs was characterized in clinical studies and the clinical usefulness of the imaging information described in drug labels.
Barbados Ridge: Inner Trench Slope Sedimentation

ABSTRACT A study of 27 piston cores from the Barbados Ridge shows that Quaternary sediments of this inner trench slope are chiefly foraminiferal-pteropod-nanno oozes that have been reworked and/or emplaced by gravity currents. These oozes are mixed with volcanogenic sediments and minor amounts of material derived from the insular shelf. Irregular topography greatly influences the type and dispersal of bottom sediments, particularly on the east side of the ridge. Reworking occurs on topographic highs where fines are winnowed out and mass wasting and gravity currents are initiated; these processes ultimately result in the leveling of irregular floors of deeper, intervening slope basins. Petrographic analyses of graded intervals from the basin floors and slopes reveal the sands to be mixtures of planktic foraminifers (35%), pteropods (10%), and fresh, angular volcanic detritus (10-90%). Planktic foraminifers are commonly form-segregated on the basis of test shape in the graded intervals. On the east flank of the Barbados Ridge, graded sands of insular-shelf origin are locally important; these sands consist of molluscan, algal, and barnacle fragments (0-25%), quartz (0-30%), and minor metaquartz, K-feldspar, and gneissic fragments. The presence of these terrigenous constituents suggests reworking of sediment from Tertiary land or subsea outcrops; additional evidence in favor of reworking is the occurrence of recrystallized radiolarians (Oceanic Group) and biomicrite gr vels. Volcanogenic sediments are areally widespread and dispersed throughout the upper 6 m of the cores and consist of fresh calcic plagioclase (5-40%), together with tuffaceous and pumaceous fragments. We believe these sediments have experienced reworking and resedimentation by bottom currents, with the initial deposition related to volcanic activity on nearby St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles.
An “Orphan” Finds a Home in NSC Regulation

Small molecules that can alter stem cell fate are of immense biological and therapeutic values. In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Saxe and colleagues [1] report a chemical genetic screen that identified an orphan ligand, P-Ser, which can modulate neural stem/progenitor cell fate.
Torso Kinematics in Seated Reaches

Simulations of humans performing seated reaches require accurate descriptions of the movements of the body segments that make up the torso. Data to generate such simulations were obtained in a laboratory study using industrial, auto, and truck seats. Twelve men and women reached to push-button targets located throughout their right-hand reach envelopes as their movements were recorded using an electromagnetic tracking system. The data illustrate complex patterns of motion that depend on target location and shoulder range of motion. Pelvis motion contributes substantially to seated reach capability. On padded seats, the effective center of rotation of the pelvis is often within the seat cushion below the pelvis rather than at the hips. Lumbar spine motions differ markedly depending on the location of the target. A categorization of reach targets into four zones differentiated by torso kinematics is proposed.
Secretion of Epidermal Growth Factor, Nerve Growth Factor, and Renin-Like Enzymes by Dispersed Male Mouse Submandibular Gland Cells in Vitro*

The submandibular gland of the mouse contains a variety of hormone-like proteins and enzymes, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and submandibular gland renin-like enzymes (SGR). Dispersed cells from the submandibular gland of male mice were prepared by treatment with collagenase to study the mechanisms by which these specific proteins are secreted in vitro. All three proteins were secreted concomitantly in vitro by the dispersed submandibular gland cells. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and phenylephrine, all α-adrenergic agonists, stimulated release of these three proteins in a dose-dependent manner, whereas isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, and carbamylcholine, a cholinergic agonist, did not. The effect of α-adrenergic agonists was inhibited either by removal of calcium ions from the incubation medium or by the addition of verapamil, a selective blocker of extracellular calcium influx. The divalent cation ionophore, A-23187, stimulated release of all three proteins in a...
Conditional Expectation; Martingale Theory

In probability theory, a family $$ \left\{ {x_t ,t \in I} \right\} $$ of random variables on a probability space $$ \left( {S,\mathbb{S}\prime ,P} \right), $$ that is, a family of measurable functions from S into $$ \bar R $$ is sometimes glorified by the name stochastic process or, simply, process. At the point s of S, the random variable x t has value x t (s), a point of the state space of the process, and the function x•(s), from I into the state space, is a sample function of the process. The set I is the parameter set of the family. There is no definition of the term stochastic process more specific than that just given, but the term is usually reserved for families with some interesting property. To loosely paraphrase a judge discussing a somewhat different concept, probabilists cannot define stochastic processes, but they recognize one when they see it! Typical examples of the application of the term are to martingales and to Markov processes, both defined in this chapter.
Prp43p Is a DEAH-Box Spliceosome Disassembly Factor Essential for Ribosome Biogenesis

The known function of the DEXH/D-box protein Prp43p is the removal of the U2, U5, and U6 snRNPs from the postsplicing lariat-intron ribonucleoprotein complex. We demonstrate that affinity-purified Prp43p-associated material includes the expected spliceosomal components; however, we also identify several preribosomal complexes that are specifically purified with Prp43p. Conditional prp43 mutant alleles confer a 35S pre-rRNA processing defect, with subsequent depletion of 27S and 20S precursors. Upon a shift to a nonpermissive temperature, both large and small-ribosomal-subunit proteins accumulate in the nucleolus of prp43 mutants. Pulse-chase analysis demonstrates delayed kinetics of 35S, 27S, and 20S pre-rRNA processing with turnover of these intermediates. Microarray analysis of pre-mRNA splicing defects in prp43 mutants shows a very mild effect, similar to that of nonessential pre-mRNA splicing factors. Prp43p is the first DEXH/D-box protein shown to function in both RNA polymerase I and polymerase II transcript metabolism. Its essential function is in its newly characterized role in ribosome biogenesis of both ribosomal subunits, positioning Prp43p to regulate both pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis.
Monolithic dc offset self-calibration method for adaptive on-time control buck converter

In this paper, a monolithic self-calibration method is proposed to reduce DC offset of output voltage in buck converter with adaptive on-time control. The calibration system senses the average output voltage of converter and dynamically reduces offset by digital tuning the comparing reference. DC offset at output voltage caused by parasitic ESR, ESL of filter capacitor and loop delay can be effectively calibrated. The proposed calibration method doesn't impact fast transient response of the converter. Moreover, the calibration system can also be generally used to reduce output voltage DC offset of converter with bang-bang control.
CD11c identifies a subset of murine liver natural killer cells that responds to adenoviral hepatitis.

The liver contains a unique repertoire of immune cells and a particular abundance of NK cells. We have found that CD11c defines a distinct subset of NK cells (NK1.1(+)CD3(-)) in the murine liver whose function was currently unknown. In naive animals, CD11c(+) liver NK cells displayed an activated phenotype and possessed enhanced effector functions when compared with CD11c(-) liver NK cells. During the innate response to adenovirus infection, CD11c(+) NK cells were the more common IFN-gamma-producing NK cells in the liver, demonstrated enhanced lytic capability, and gained a modest degree of APC function. The mechanism of IFN-gamma production in vivo depended on TLR9 ligation as well as IL-12 and -18. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CD11c(+) NK cells are a unique subset of NK cells in the murine liver that contribute to the defense against adenoviral hepatitis.
Washington: The Past and Present Populist State

Describes the impact of the late-nineteenth century populist movement on the structure and content of Washington’s constitution and the consequential impact on the state’s political and legal life. Suggests that the anti-business attitudes and skepticism about government prevalent among Washington State residents in the 1880s and 1890s, continues to influence that state's constitution, laws and politics today.
Patterns of Innovation: Standards and Open Source

Standards and open source software have facilitated collaboration among implementers and developers to an extraordinary level, essentially allowing dispersed people and teams to innovate on a scale previous available only to large organizations. This paper discusses the similarities between the organizational patterns used support the quality, stability and accessibility of specifications and open source software, the role each play in the other’s success, and the role each can play in supporting public policy.
A Passive Very Low-Frequency (VLF) Electric Field Imager

It is shown that an array of D-dot sensors can be implemented to not only detect, but for the first time, image very low-frequency electric fields. D-dot sensors sense current proportional to the time derivative of the electric field. The signal of interest is extracted from each D-dot pixel using a lock-in amplifier through an automated multiplexer. We have successfully rendered very low-frequency electric field images from energized wires using the proposed electric field imager. As a proof-of-concept, the arrays were fabricated on both a printed circuit board and a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate, the latter of which incorporates a thin-film transistor process. Such a device will have commercial and industrial applications, such as imaging sources of electromagnetic interference as well as security applications for noninvasive monitoring.
Study of Anti-inflammatory Mechanism About Fungus Garden of Odontotermes Formosanus

OBJECTIVE In order to study anti-inflammation mechanism of fungus garden of Odontotermes formosa-nus.METHODS Four types of models of the norml mouse and the excision two-sides adrenal gland mouse paw swollen induced by carrageenan,rat pleurisy induced by carrageenom,mouse paw swollen induced by allrumin were set up.The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,the spectrophotometric and fluorometric method were used separately to measure the leukotriene(LTB4),the prostate gland(PGE2),hydroxy tryptamine(5-HT) and histamine level in the inflammatory percolate.RESULTS There was significant difference of PGE2,5-HT,LTB4 or histamine between four types of models and the negative control group.CONCLUSION The anti-inflammation function of fungus garden of Odontotermes formosanus may be related to its suppression of PGB2,LTB4,5-HT and histamine,and does not rely on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system.
The Cell Nucleus Serves as a Mechanotransducer of Tissue Damage-Induced Inflammation.

Tissue damage activates cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), releasing arachidonic acid (AA), which is oxidized to proinflammatory eicosanoids by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) on the nuclear envelope. How tissue damage is sensed to activate cPLA2 is unknown. We investigated this by live imaging in wounded zebrafish larvae, where damage of the fin tissue causes osmotic cell swelling at the wound margin and the generation of a chemotactic eicosanoid signal. Osmotic swelling of cells and their nuclei activates cPla2 by translocating it from the nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope. Elevated cytosolic Ca2+ was necessary but not sufficient for cPla2 translocation, and nuclear swelling was required in parallel. cPla2 translocation upon nuclear swelling was reconstituted in isolated nuclei and appears to be a simple physical process mediated by tension in the nuclear envelope. Our data suggest that the nucleus plays a mechanosensory role in inflammation by transducing cell swelling and lysis into proinflammatory eicosanoid signaling.
Nortriptyline treatment of depressed cardiac transplant recipients.

The safety of tricyclic antidepressants in cardiac transplant recipients has not been established. The author used nortriptyline to treat major depressive episodes in eight cardiac transplant recipients. Nortriptyline therapy was associated with increased QRS interval and heart rate but did not significantly affect other hemodynamic or ECG variables or cyclosporine dose requirements. It appears that nortriptyline may be used safely in depressed cardiac transplant patients
Genetics, Exercise, and Early-Onset Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

Over the past 2 decades, the identification of mutations in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) has revealed the cardiac desmosome as central to the pathogenesis of this condition [(1–4)][1]. Desmosomes are protein complexes that are partly responsible for
Management of 220 adolescents and adults with complications of hypospadias repair during childhood.

Abstract Objective The goal of hypospadias repair is to achieve normal voiding and good penile cosmesis with minimal complications. Some urethroplasties deteriorate from childhood to adolescence and late stage failures have been reported. We report our experience with adult patients who have had a previous repair during childhood and present with a late complication. Methods We reviewed the records of 220 patients aged 15–39 years old with a history of hypospadias repair who presented to our clinic. Forty-five patients with chordee, 39 with urethral strictures, 11 urethral fistulae, five with hairy urethras, three with urethral diverticula, and 117 patients with an abnormal glans or subterminal meatus were repaired. Results Median follow-up was 14 months. Two patients had persistent chordee. Island skin flap urethroplasty afforded one patient with a urethral fistula and another with a recurrent urethral stricture, while the buccal mucosa group had one fistula which healed spontaneously and two recurrent strictures. For the patients undergoing glanular repairs, seven had dehiscence or breakdown of the repair. All other operations were successful. Conclusion Complications of childhood hypospadias repair may present later in life as some urethroplasties deteriorate with time. We now recommend to parents of children with repaired proximal hypospadias to come for follow-up as their child transitions to adolescence.
Gentle round the curves: Selected essays on Indian writing in English

Dieter Riemenschneider is a living legend of literary criticism on Indian writing in English, whose distinguished career as a pioneer of postcolonial criticism in Germany is acknowledged by a Fests...
Flying Beavers: An Innovative Approach to Wildlife Conservation

Based on actual historical events, this case describes how the Idaho Fish and Game Department decided to transplant beavers from a rapidly growing area of human habitation by catching them in live traps, flying them to a more hospitable environment via airplane, and parachuting the caged beavers to their new location. Students are asked to evaluate the wisdom of this plan from ecological, economic, and ethical perspectives. This case is intended for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course in sustainable business practices, environmental management, business ethics, and/or wildlife conservation. Excerpt UVA-E-0403 Rev. Jan. 25, 2016 Flying Beavers: An Innovative Approach to Wildlife Conservation It was a crisp morning in the fall of 1948, and Conservation Officer Scotty Heter was walking back from the airfield where he had been field-testing aspects of a new method for controlling beaver populations. A few months earlier, authorities at the Idaho Department of Fish and Game had determined that beavers (Castor canadensis) currently inhabiting the area around McCall, Idaho, and Payette Lake were creating a nuisance for the rapidly expanding human population and that the best course of action would be to move them from their current residence to a more remote area in Idaho's Chamberlain Basin. The most expeditious way to accomplish this, it was believed, was to catch the beavers in live traps, transport them via airplane to their new home, and drop them to the ground via parachute. Natural History Beavers are North America's largest rodents, measuring 24 to 26 inches in length and weighing between 30 and 65 pounds. They are found in every state except Hawaii, living in colonies along rivers, streams, lakes, and other wetland areas. Renowned for their industrious behavior in building dams and modifying habitat to meet their own needs for shelter and food, beavers have earned the title of “nature's engineers.” . . .
Multi2Sim Kepler: A detailed architectural GPU simulator

Presilicon simulation is one of the key toolsets for computer architects to evaluate and optimize their future designs. As Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become the platform of choice in many computing communities due to their impressive processing capabilities, computer architecture researchers need a simulation framework that allows them to quantitatively consider design tradeoffs. In this paper, we present the Multi2Sim Kepler simulator framework, a new detailed GPU microarchitecture performance simulator that supports NVIDIA's Kepler shader assembly (SASS) code execution. The toolset provides a disassembler, a functional simulator and a detailed cycle-based simulator. We provide insight into the architecture of the NVIDIA Kepler GPU, describing the details of the streaming multiprocessor, front-end and instruction pipelines. We compare the performance of this new simulator against an NVIDIA K20X, a high-end Kepler device. We also evaluate the performance of NVIDIA's CUDA benchmark suite on our GPU performance simulator.
Holier than Thou: Race, Politics and Religious Commitment

The rise of the religious right among white voters has been one of the most recognizable features of electoral coalitions in the last two or three decades. George W. Bush’s 2004 election was almost wholly attributed by some to the importance of religious and family “values” as a political issue. However, religious and family values are not the sole province of white voters or even the white “evangelical” religio-political movement. Blacks seem to be more influenced by issues of religious values than are whites given the historic significance of the Black church in the development of the first and second reconstructions and the central place the Black church holds in the Black community. Some have claimed that Black religious values are simply a result of their socioeconomic and demographic status, while other posit that Blacks generally are more religious than whites regardless of demographic or politico-economic factors. Using the General Social Survey as a database I regress various measures of religious commitment on race, religion, political and demographic variables. I find that regardless of religious or political factors, Blacks are significantly more likely to have a serious religious experience than are whites or other races. The issue of values in politics seems to have more to do with political and racial identification than with real religious commitment.
Revisiting Civitates Orbis Terrarum. The Urban Space Spectacle

A recursive graphical resource in the representation of an urban space in the contemporary touristic thematic maps is the mix of paths with some iconic elements presented in a zoomed axonometric, perspective or elevation view. In order to explore the origins of this resource in the creation of an image for a touristic city, this work review four drawings of Barcelona in the XVI century; three by Anton Wyngaerde and one by Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen that illustrates the Civitates Orbis Terrarum World Atlas as the first global image of the city of Barcelona.
The use of PRNs medications with hospitalized older adults.

Abstract The use of pro re nata (PRN) medications are a routine part of the treatment provided to most hospitalized older adults. The purpose of this article is to review the risks and benefits of using PRN medications in the acutely medically ill hospitalized older adult. After the discussion of a case study, recommendations are provided nurses and prescribers to reduce the risk of short and long term adverse consequences for the senior in the acute care hospital setting.
Psychology, Christianity, and Urban Need:

Three kinds of experiences seem to characterize the existence of millions of America's urban center dwellers: stress, negative self-regard, and interpersonal alienation. These experiences are foste...
Treatment of School Refusal in an Adolescent With Comorbid Anxiety and Chronic Medical Illness

School refusal is characterized as an anxiety-driven avoidance of attending or participating in school and has been associated with a myriad of negative implications for short- and long-term develo...
Patterns and Perceived Benefits of Utilizing Seven Major Complementary Health Approaches in U.S. Older Adults

Objectives To examine patterns and perceived benefits of seven major complementary health approaches (CHA) among older adults in the United States. Methods Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which represents non-institutionalized adults aged 65 or older (n = 7,116 unweighted), were used. We elicited seven most common CHA used in older adults, which are acupuncture, herbal therapies, chiropractic, massage, meditation, Tai Chi, and yoga. Survey participants were asked to self-report perceived benefits (eg, maintaining health and stress reduction) in their CHA used. We estimated prevalence and perceived benefits of CHA use. We also investigated socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with the use of any of these seven CHA. Results Overall, 29.2% of older adults used any of seven CHA in the past year. Most commonly used CHA included herbal therapies (18.1%), chiropractic (8.4%), and massage (5.7%). More than 60% of older CHA users reported that CHA were important for maintaining health and well-being. Other perceived benefits included improving overall health and feeling better (52.3%), giving a better sense of control over health (27.4%), and making it easier to cope with health problems (24.7%). Older adults with higher education and income levels, ≥2 chronic conditions, and functional limitations had greater odds of using CHA (p < .01, respectively). Conclusion A substantial number of older CHA users reported CHA-related benefits. CHA may play a crucial role in improving health status among older adults. At the population level, further research on the effects of CHA use on bio-psycho-social outcomes is needed to promote healthy aging in older adults.
Description of Mandibular Improvements in a Series of Infants With Congenital Muscular Torticollis and Deformational Plagiocephaly Treated With Physical Therapy.

Background:Many infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) have deformational plagiocephaly (DP), and a small cohort also demonstrate mandibular asymmetry (MA). The aim of this retrospectiv...
Heat Transfer to the Endwall of a Shocktube A Variational Analysis

Heat is conducted to the endwall of a shocktube, following reflection of a shock wave from the wall, through a steep temperature gradient. If temperature of the interface can be measured, one can deduce thermal conductivity of the gas as a function of temperature. The problem of analyzing data from such experiments is solved here by an implicit variational method, and the numerical solution is illustrated. Extension to other transport experiments is discussed.
Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-viremic recipients with HCV viremic donors.

In the context of organ shortage, the opioid epidemic, and effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV), more HCV-infected donor organs may be used for liver transplantation. Current data regarding outcomes after donor-derived HCV in previously non-viremic liver transplant recipients are limited. Clinical data for adult liver transplant recipients with donor-derived HCV infection from March 2017 to January 2018 at our institution were extracted from the medical record. Ten patients received livers from donors known to be infected with HCV based on positive nucleic acid testing. Seven had a prior diagnosis of HCV and were treated before liver transplantation. All recipients were non-viremic at the time of transplantation. All 10 recipients derived hepatitis C infection from their donor and achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment with DAA-based regimens, with a median time from transplant to treatment initiation of 43 days (IQR 20-59). There have been no instances of graft loss or death, with median follow-up of 380 days (IQR 263-434) posttransplant. Transplantation of HCV-viremic livers into non-viremic recipients results in acceptable short-term outcomes. Such strategies may be used to expand the donor pool and increase access to liver transplantation.
Contraception in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders

All women of reproductive age with psychiatric and neurologic disease should be screened for contraceptive need, and offered counseling on options compatible with their medications and medical conditions. While non-hormonal methods are appropriate for all patients, hormonal contraception may interact with some medications used by women in treatment of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and mood disorders. Women at risk for or with a history of stroke should avoid estrogen-containing options; similarly, women who report migraine with aura are also discouraged from use of any estrogen-based contraception due to the potential increase in risk of stroke. Fortunately, the highly effective reversible contraceptive options that include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the progestin-only implant are appropriate for almost all these women. This chapter provides evidence and guidance for selection of appropriate, safe contraceptive options in women with migraine disease, epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis and psychiatric disease.
DEINDUSTRIALIZATION OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries as a group have been deindustrializing for more than three decades. Logistic growth functions of the share of manufacturing value added in Gross Domestic Product...
Effigy pipes of the Lower Mississippi Valley: Iconography, style, and function

Abstract Based on formal analysis of a large corpus of Mississippian effigy pipes, the distinctive Bellaire style is here defined. Native to the Lower Mississippi Valley, this style encompasses multiple themes, the two most common being an underwater panther and a crouching human. The style dates ca. AD 1100–1500 and can be further divided into two substyles, Bellaire A and Bellaire B, that likely represent change through time. We argue that the more elaborate pipes were made by master carvers, and were commissioned by religious practitioners who used them in shamanic rituals that engaged with Beneath-World powers. There can now be little doubt that the Lower Mississippi Valley was home to a considerable body of representational art during Mississippian times, one that has long been overlooked.
A review of the genus Laemosaccus Schönherr, 1826 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Mesoptiliinae) from Baja California and America North of Mexico: diversity and mimicry.

Thirteen new species of Laemosaccus Schonherr in two species-groups are described from the eastern and southwestern USA and Baja California: from the USA, Laemosaccus obrieni Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus andersoni Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus arizonensis Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus bimaculatus Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus burkei Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus clytrinoides Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus howdenae Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus browerorum Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus rileyi Hespenheide, new species, Laemosaccus vaurieae Hespenheide, new species, and Laemosaccus gossypii Hespenheide, new species (nine of these also occur in Mexico); from Baja California, Laemosaccus westcotti Hespenheide, new species and Laemosaccus peninsularis Hespenheide, new species. The previously described Laemosaccus nephele (Herbst) and Laemosaccus texanus Champion are redescribed, and lectotypes are designated for Curculio nephele Herbst and Curculio plagiatus Fabricius. A key is provided for the treated species in genus, and larval and adult host plants are recorded. All but three of the previously undescribed species appear not to have been recognized because of their close resemblance to L. nephele, a putative Batesian mimic of chrysomelids of the subfamily Clytrinae and additional putative Mullerian co-models. That evolutionary selection might produce groups of species difficult to recognize (“mimetic homoplasy”) is discussed and suggested that it may be more frequent in other groups than is currently realized.
Adapting Motivation, Control, and Compensation Research to A New Environment

The authors discuss the need to adapt research in three substantively related but paradigmatically diverse research domains (salesperson motivation, control systems, and compensation) in light of the evolving selling environment. A key objective is to suggest the desirability of integrating these literatures, which, ultimately, all seek to inform management regarding how salespeople and sales organizations can be encouraged to become more productive. The authors maintain that specification of the right goals and metrics constitutes a fundamental common denominator across the three literatures.
The Contract of Power Supply During the Era of the Digital Law: Civil Bases

Purpose: The purpose of current research is the complex scientific analysis of the problems of signing the contract of the power supply by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The virtual infertility community: a qualitative analysis of patient experiences shared on Instagram

To characterize the experiences of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) through a qualitative analysis of content shared on Instagram. We analyzed Instagram posts from five randomly selected days in February 2020. The hashtag, #ivfcommunity, was selected to identify public posts authored by Instagram’s IVF community members from multiple treatment centers. Text, photos, hashtags, and emojis were collected from 452 included posts and entered into a study-specific database. Using thematic coding, a four-member team initially coded the first day in February. Common themes were agreed upon by all team members, and a preliminary codebook was created for further analysis. The remaining posts were coded by two-member teams who reached a consensus on the multiple themes assigned to each individual post. Analysis of posts led to the identification of five major themes: documentation of the medical and physical experience of IVF (76.1%), the emotional spectrum (43.1%), social support (49.2%), coping mechanisms (29.9%), and education (receipt, provision) (11.1%). Our findings suggest that women undergoing IVF often utilize social media to document daily experiences, offer and recognize sources of community support, and provide and receive education regarding their treatments. Given the increased prevalence of mental health conditions, medical providers should explore challenges discussed on online platforms and consider harnessing the supportive nature of online communities to supplement care for IVF patients.
Voice, Counterspaces, and Ethical Care in Research With Black Women With Trauma and Incarceration Histories.

Formerly incarcerated women face diverse challenges to re-entry, which include recovering from health illnesses and trauma to navigating various systems of stigma and surveillance. It is these mult...
The Usefulness of Recombination

In this paper, we examine the usefulness of recombination from two points of view. First, the problem of crossover disruption is investigated. This is done by comparing two Genetic Algorithms with different crossover operators (one-point and uniform) to each other on NK-landscapes with different values of K relative to N, and with different epistatic interactions (random and nearest neighbor). Second, the usefulness of recombination in relation to the location of local optima in the fitness landscape is investigated.
Topography of visual cortex connections with frontal eye field in macaque: convergence and segregation of processing streams

The primate visual system consists of at least two processing streams, one passing ventrally into temporal cortex that is responsible for object vision, and the other running dorsally into parietal cortex that is responsible for spatial vision. How information from these two streams is combined for perception and action is not understood. Visually guided eye movements require information about both feature identity and location, so we investigated the topographic organization of visual cortex connections with frontal eye field (FEF), the final stage of cortical processing for saccadic eye movements. Multiple anatomical tracers were placed either in parietal and temporal cortex or in different parts of FEF in individual macaque monkeys. Convergence from the dorsal and ventral processing streams occurred in lateral FEF but not in medial FEF. Certain extrastriate areas with retinotopic visual field organizations projected topographically onto FEF. The dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus projected to medial FEF; the ventral bank, to lateral FEF, and the fundus, throughout FEF. Thus, lateral FEF, which is responsible for generating short saccades, receives visual afferents from the foveal representation in retinotopically organized areas, from areas that represent central vision in inferotemporal cortex and from other areas having no retinotopic order. In contrast, medial FEF, which is responsible for generating longer saccades, is innervated by the peripheral representation of retinotopically organized areas, from areas that emphasize peripheral vision or are multimodal and from other areas that have no retinotopic order or are auditory.
A Review of “Saint Sergius of Radonezh, His Trinity Monastery, and the Formation of the Russian Identity”

There are several paradoxes at the core of David B. Miller's study Saint Sergius of Radonezh, His Trinity Monastery, and the Formation of Russian Identity. According to the well-known vita of the R...
Applications of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to the study of nucleic acid conformational dynamics.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) technique, and focuses on its applications to the investigation of conformational dynamics of nucleic acids. FCS is a technique based on the measurement of the spontaneous fluctuations of the fluorescence signal of a small number of molecules. Fluorescence fluctuations are typically measured in an optically restricted submicron observation volume and then analyzed statistically to reveal kinetic information about the processes that lead to these fluctuations. Such processes include concentration fluctuations via molecular diffusion, chemical reactions, photophysical processes, and so on. To obtain dynamic or kinetic information from FCS experiments, the experimentally acquired auto- and cross-correlation functions have to be compared with the decays predicted by the appropriate physical models. The simplest FCS experiment involves measuring the intensity fluctuations of a fluorescent particle diffusing freely in three dimensions. For FCS to be useful in the study of conformational dynamics, the intensity of fluorescence of the probe has to be influenced by the conformation of the biopolymer being studied. The most common approach is to label the biopolymer with a fluorophore–quencher or donor–acceptor FRET pair, so that the efficiency of emission of the fluorophore is a direct measure of the distance between the two tags.