cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Perceived Influence of User Reviews in the Hospitality Industry

Trust in user opinions at hotel review sites now outweighs advice on holidays from travel agents. Hospitality marketers would be wise to take note of this power of consumer advocacy revolution. Yet, many hotels and restaurants are unsure how to respond to user reviews, or what would be deemed “best managerial practices” in handling social media, including user reviews. This uncertainty could, partly, be due to the lack of understanding of how consumers perceive and use online reviews, and scholarly research on user reviews predominantly focused on goods, not services. Hence, we chose to explore in this study how consumers peruse reviews of products with major service components. Specifically, we focused on the influence of user reviews of hotel and restaurants on prospective customers as these two hospitality areas are well populated by consumer reviews at highly visited third-party websites. Managerial implications of the study's findings were discussed and suggestions for future research offered.
Quantum physics. Cooperation includes all atoms.

Atom statistics is a fundamental property of all particles that dictates how they behave in certain situations. But behaviour previously attributed to atom statistics is equally likely to arise from cooperative effects.
Paradoxical instruction in the treatment of encopresis and chronic constipation: An experimental analysis

The purpose of the present single-case experimental investigation was to examine the efficacy of paradoxical instruction in the treatment of exacerbation-based discontinuous encopresis and chronic constipation. The subject, a 9-yr old male, complained of infrequent bowel movements and daily soiling. In addition, toileting and related activities appeared to cause considerable anxiety. An ABAB reversal design with 1-yr follow-up was used as a means of evaluating treatment effectiveness. Dependent measures included weekly parental records of soiling and appropriate bowel movements. Results indicated a clear demonstration of functional control and consistent improvement in the encopretic disturbance. These findings were maintained at 1-yr follow-up.
Induction of tumor necrosis factor and cytotoxicity by macrophages exposed to lactoperoxidase and microperoxidase

Abstract Peroxidases are involved in a number of cytotoxic reactions. Murine thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages were exposed to either lactoperoxidase or microperoxidase in vitro . At a concentration of 17.7 μM, both of these enzymes induced between 100 and 200 units of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) per 0.1 ml. Furthermore, these substances were able to stimulate macrophages to kill 3T12 target cells in a dose dependent manner at concentrations of 0.177 μM to 17.7 μM. Per cent cytotoxicity varied from 20% up to 75% at the higher concentrations. It was concluded that these enzymes can induce macrophages to secrete TNF and become activated to the cytotoxic state.
An RSA-based time-bound hierarchical key assignment scheme for electronic article subscription

The time-bound hierarchical key assignment problem is to assign time sensitive keys to security classes in a partially ordered hierarchy so that legal data accesses among classes can be enforced. Two time-bound hierarchical key assignment schemes have been proposed in the literature, but both of them were proved insecure against collusive attacks. In this paper, we will propose an RSA-based time-bound hierarchical key assignment scheme and describe its possible application. The security analysis shows that the new scheme is safe against the collusive attacks.
Influenza vaccination acceptance among health-care workers: a nationwide survey

We conducted a nationwide survey to investigate reasons for influenza vaccine uptake or refusal among health-care workers (HCWs) in Greece. Vaccination rates increased with increasing age, and among HCWs working in Northern Greece, in direct contact with patients, and with influenza vaccination in the past. Self-protection was the main reason for vaccination (89.1%), whereas 55.2% of HCWs reported vaccination to protect patients. Main reasons for refusing vaccination were perception of not being at risk for influenza (43.2%) and fear of vaccine adverse effects (33.4%).
The 13C(d, γ0)15N and the 11(d, γ0)13C cross sections in the region of the giant dipole resonance

Abstract The (d, γ 0 ) cross section has been measured at 90° for deuteron energies in the range of ≈ to 4 MeV for targets of 13 C and 11 B. In each case the measurements reveal a single resonance structure near E d ≈ 2 MeV. On-resonance angular distributions have been obtained. The observed structure, which occurs at energies in the region of the giant dipole resonance of 15 N and 13 C, respectively, is compared to single-nucleon-capture data in the giant dipole region of these nuclei.
Cross-reactivity between murine melanoma antigen B700 and a human melanoma-associated antigen (M-66) recognized by autologous antibody: evidence suggesting shared epitopes

We have previously reported the purification and partial characterization of a human melanoma-associated antigen (M-66) recognized by autologous antibody. This antigen was found to be an unusually acidic 66 kDa glycoprotein. In studies of murine melanoma, a 67-kDa albumin-like melanoma-associated antigen (MAA) isolated from B16 melanoma cells has also been reported by our laboratories. Because the murine MAA, B700, has a molecular weight that is nearly the same as M-66, we sought to determine what similarities and differences existed between these two antigens. Human sera S150, which is known to recognize M-66, was found to bind to murine melanoma cell line B16. The addition of purified M-66 inhibited binding of S150 to B16 cells. Binding by S150 was not noted against murine melanoma cell line S91, which is known not to express cell surface B700. Conversely, reactivity of S150 against Y-Mel 84:420, known to express M-66, could be inhibited by preincubation with B16 cells. Four monoclonal antibodies known to recognize B700 were evaluated for-binding against murine B16 and human melanoma cell line Y-Mel 84:420. Binding was noted against both B16 and Y-Mel 84:420 which could be inhibited by the addition of M-66. Binding of S150 was also noted against purified B700 as tested by ELISA. While a comparison of the amino acid composition of the two antigens revealed similarities, M-66 contained 2.8 times as much serine and 0.4 times as much proline as B700. B700 has been reported to be related to serum albumin, which is not the case for M-66.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ecosystem services: free lunch no more.

In their Policy Forum “Paying for ecosystem services—Promise and peril” (4 November 2011, p. [603][1]), A. P. Kinzig and colleagues cite the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment report's finding that 60% of the world's ecosystem services have declined over the past 50 years, and declare the statistic unsurprising given that “we get what we pay for.” Yet, the very concept of ecosystem services stems from the fact that these services are provided, pro bono, by the natural environment. There is such a thing as a free lunch. This helps explain the lack of emerging markets for ecosystem services. As any salesperson can attest, trying to raise the cost of a good or service with existing customers is generally a more difficult task than raising the cost for new customers. This is because consumers are more willing to pay additional costs for services they do not currently possess, or for an increase in quality of services already received, than simply paying for services that were previously free ([ 1 ][2]). Creating markets for ecosystem services that already exist for free (even if those services are deteriorating) was never going to be an easy task. Given these difficulties, it is not surprising that many existing ecosystem services markets, such as the SO2 example cited by Kinzig et al. , have required regulatory enforcement to at least kick-start the process. Many currently scarce ecosystem services were previously abundant, and it will take time and often regulatory prodding to move these services into a true incentive-based economy. Integrating an understanding of consumer psychology will help overcome the barriers to success. 1. [↵][3] 1. J. Loomis, 2. P. Kent, 3. L. Strange, 4. K. Fausch, 5. A. Covich , Ecol. Econ. 33, 103 (2000). [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][Web of Science][6] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1210297 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEcol.%2BEcon.%26rft.volume%253D33%26rft.spage%253D103%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0921-8009%252899%252900131-7%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00131-7&link_type=DOI [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000086352200008&link_type=ISI
Behavioral interactions between coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus shawytscha) and prey fish species

— The predator-prey behavioral interactions between two salmon species, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and their prey species were examined under laboratory conditions. These behaviors were studied to determine the bases for prey selection by salmon in Lake Michigan and ultimately facilitate predictions on shifts or changes in salmon diets. Chinook and coho salmon captured all prey items in the open water portion of the aquarium, and they had similar attack behaviors. Average attack swimming speeds varied from 2.6 to 3.6 m/s, and average escape swimming speeds varied from 2.6 to 2.9 m/s. There were no significant differences in attack swimming speeds and escape swimming speeds. There was a significant difference in median reactive distances between the prey captured and those that escaped. There was no reactive distance (0.00 m) for 96% and 98% of the successfully captured prey by chinook and coho salmon, respectively. Only 4% and 10% of the unsuccessful attacks by chinook and coho salmon, respectively, had no reactive distance (0.00 m). Salmon would repeatedly attack a school and capture individuals separated from the school. Alewives, bloaters and fathead minnows were easy prey because they remained in the open water portion of the aquarium and stayed in schools until only a few individuals remained. The schooling behavior of spottail shiners and emerald shiners was an effective anti-predation tactic against salmon attacks. After some experience with yellow perch, salmon were reluctant to attack them and would often break off attacks on them. When coho salmon were presented with different proportions of bloaters and yellow perch, they significantly attacked and captured bloaters in preference to yellow perch.
Pressure-Regulated Volume Control vs Volume Control Ventilation in Infants After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

The objective of this investigation was to compare how two modes of positive pressure ventilation affect cardiac output, airway pressures, oxygenation, and carbon dioxide removal in children with congenital heart disease in the immediate postoperative period. The investigation used a one group pretest–post-test study design and was performed in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit in a university-affiliated children's hospital. Nine infants were enrolled immediately after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (2) or atrioventricular septal defects (7) with mean weight = 5.5 kg (4.2–7.3 kg). Children were admitted to the pediatric cardiothoracic intensive care unit after complete surgical repair of their cardiac defect and stabilized on a Siemen's Servo 300 ventilator in volume control mode (VCV1) (volume-targeted ventilation with a square flow wave pattern). Tidal volume was set at 15 cc/kg (total). Hemodynamic parameters, airway pressures and ventilator settings, and an arterial blood gas were measured. Patients were then changed to pressure-regulated volume control mode (PRVC) (volume-targeted ventilation with decelerating flow wave pattern) with the tidal volume set as before. Measurements were repeated after 30 minutes. Patients were then returned to volume control mode (VCV2) and final measurements made after 30 minutes. The measurements and results are as follows: After correction of congenital heart defects in infants, mechanical ventilation using a decelerating flow wave pattern resulted in a 19% decrease in peak inspiratory pressure without affecting hemodynamics, arterial oxygenation, or carbon dioxide removal.
On Maximizing the Lifetime of Delay-Sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks with Anycast

Sleep-wake scheduling is an effective mechanism to prolong the lifetime of energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. However, it incurs an additional delay for packet delivery when each node needs to wait for its next-hop relay node to wake up, which could be unacceptable for delay-sensitive applications. Prior work in the literature has proposed to reduce this delay using anycast, where each node opportunistically selects the first neighboring node that wakes up among multiple candidate nodes. In this paper, we study the joint control problem of how to optimally control the sleep-wake schedule, the anycast candidate set of next-hop neighbors, and anycast priorities, to maximize the network lifetime subject to a constraint on the expected end-to-end delay. We provide an efficient solution to this joint control problem. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed solution can substantially outperform prior heuristic solutions in the literature, especially under the practical scenarios where there are obstructions in the coverage area of the wireless sensor network.
Cost of a genioplasty under deep intravenous sedation in a private office versus general anesthesia in an outpatient surgical center

The cases of twenty-four patients who underwent genioplasties either under deep intravenous (IV) sedation in a dental office or under general anesthesia in a surgical center were reviewed. A cost comparison of this operation in these two environments showed that it was twice as expensive to have the same procedure done in an outpatient surgical suite under general anesthesia as it was in a private office under IV sedation.
Recent and Long-Term Behavior of the Brawley Fault Zone, Imperial Valley, California: An Escalation in Slip Rate?

The Brawley fault zone (BFZ) and the Brawley Seismic Zone constitute the principal transfer zone accommodating strain between the San Andreas and Im- perial faults in southernmost California. The BFZ ruptured along with the Imperial fault in the 1940 Mw 6.9 and the 1979 Mw 6.4 earthquakes, although in each case only minor slip apparently occurred on the BFZ; several other episodes of slip and creep have been documented on the BFZ historically. Until this study, it has been unclear whether the past few decades reflect average behavior of the fault. Two trenches were opened and a series of auger holes were bored across three strands of the BFZ at Harris Road to compare the amount of slip observed historically with the displacements observed in the paleoseismic record. Evidence is presented, across the westernmost strand of the BFZ and across the entire BFZ at Harris Road, to show that both the average vertical slip rate observed in modern times (since 1970) and the vertical creep rate (excluding coseismic slip) observed during the 1970s are sig- nificantly higher than the long-term average. Across the westernmost strand, the long- term vertical rate is 1.2 (1.5/0.5) mm/yr, and the average rate since about A.D. 1710 is determined to be no greater than 2.0 mm/yr; in contrast, the average vertical rate between 1970 and 2004 across that strand was at least 4.3 mm/yr, and the 1970s vertical aseismic creep rate was 10 mm/yr. Likewise, across the entire BFZ, the long- term vertical rate is 2.8 (4.1/1.4) mm/yr, whereas the rate between 1970 and 2004 was at least 7.2 mm/yr, and the 1970s aseismic creep rate was 10 mm/yr. The long-term strike-slip rate cannot be determined across any strands of the BFZ but may be significant. In contrast to the commonly accepted higher sedimentation rates inferred for the entire Imperial Valley, we find that the average sedimentation rate on the downthrown side of the BFZ adjacent to Mesquite Basin, in the millennium preceding the onset of agricultural influences, was at most 3.5 mm/yr. Finally, a creep event occurred on the BFZ during our study in 2002 and is documented herein. Online material: Appendices 1 and 2, trench logs, and color versions of Figures 7, 8, and 10.
In Vivo Activity of Norhydrocodone: An Active Metabolite of Hydrocodone

Hydrocodone is primarily metabolized to hydromorphone and norhydrocodone. Although hydromorphone is a known active metabolite of hydrocodone, the in vivo activity of norhydrocodone is not well documented. In the current study, the pharmacodynamics of norhydrocodone were evaluated and compared with hydrocodone and hydromorphone. Binding studies established that norhydrocodone, similar to hydrocodone and hydromorphone, is a μ-selective opioid ligand. In vivo analgesia studies (tail flick) demonstrated that, following subcutaneous, intrathecal, and intracerebroventricular administration, norhydrocodone produced analgesia. Following subcutaneous administration, norhydrocodone was ∼70-fold less potent, and hydromorphone was ∼5.4-fold more potent than hydrocodone in producing analgesia. Following intrathecal administration, norhydrocodone produced a shallow analgesia dose-response curve and maximal effect of 15-45%, whereas hydrocodone and hydromorphone produced dose-dependent analgesia. Intrathecal hydromorphone was ∼174-fold more potent than intrathecal hydrocodone. Following intracerebroventricular administration, norhydrocodone had similar potency to hydrocodone in producing analgesia, while hydromorphone was ∼96-fold more potent than hydrocodone. Analgesia induced by the three drugs following subcutaneous, intrathecal, and intracerebroventricular administration was antagonized by subcutaneous naltrexone, confirming that it is opioid receptor-mediated. Subcutaneous norhydrocodone-induced analgesia was completely blocked by intracerebroventricular naltrexone, indicating that norhydrocodone-induced analgesia is likely a supraspinal effect. Seizure activity was observed following intrathecal administration of all three drugs. Norhydrocodone and hydromorphone were ∼3.7 to 4.6-fold more potent than hydrocodone in inducing seizure activity. Naltrexone did not antagonize opioid-induced seizure activity, suggesting that seizures were not opioid receptor-mediated. Taken together, norhydrocodone is an active metabolite of hydrocodone and may contribute to therapeutic and toxic effects following hydrocodone administration.
Path-Independent Integral and Moving Isoparametric Elements for Dynamic Crack Propagation.

The objective of this paper is to present a procedure based on moving (or shifting) isoparametric elements for the analysis of dynamic crack propagation. The fracture parameters, such as the stress intensity factors or energy release rates for dynamically propagating cracks, are evaluated by far-field path-independent integrals that were recently derived by the authors. The combined use of the moving isoparametric elements and the pathindependent integrals gives excellent results as compared to those obtained by other techniques. The utility of other types of path-independ ent integrals not having the meaning of energy release rates for a dynamically propagating crack is also discussed. It is found that the use of the path-independent integral having the meaning of energy release rate is essential for a correct evaluation of the stress intensity factors.
Pre-layout wire length and congestion estimation

In this paper, we study the pre-layout wire length and congestion estimation. We find that two structural metrics, mutual contraction and net range, can be used to predict wire lengths. These metrics have different application ranges and complement each other. We also propose a new metric, the structural pin density, to capture the peak routing congestion of designs. Larger maximum pin densities usually lead to larger peak congestions in circuits with similar average congestions. We demonstrate experimentally very good correlation of our pre-layout measures with post layout interconnect lengths. We also isolate the structural netlist properties which cause the peak congestion.
A Classification of influence measures

Several influence measures have been developed for evaluating the effects of individual cases on parameter estimates, fitted values, and other least squares regression statistics. Cook and Weisberg (1982), Hocking (1983), and other feel that the average user of regression diagnostics would be overwhelmed and confused by the use of all such diagnostics. However, as Hocking (1983) points out, evidence from which to draw conclusions about the relative merits of existing influence measures in insufficient to make general recommendations about their use. The study provides a complete and systematic graphical exposition of twenty–one existing influence measures. The resulting classification of these measures into five similarity classes greatly simplifies the influence diagnostics menu. Recommendations based on the results of this analysis are made for the use of influence diagnostics.
Nuisance biomass levels of periphytic algae in streams

Relative coverage of filamentous periphytic algae increased with chlorophyll a (chl a) biomass on natural substrata in 22 northwestern United States and Swedish streams. A biomass range of 100–150 mg chl a m−2 may represent a critical level for an aesthetic nuisance; below those levels, filamentous coverage was less than 20%. Other indices of water quality (dissolved oxygen content and measures of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity) were apparently unaffected by periphytic biomass or filamentous coverage in these streams. Neither was biomass related to limiting nutrient content (soluble reactive phosphorus, SRP), as has been observed in previous experiments using bare rocks in streams and slides in artificial channels. Ambient SRP concentration may not be a useful predicter of periphyton accrual on natural substrates, due to uptake and recycling of P throughout the stream and undetermined losses such as sloughing and grazing.
Compaction-based test generation using state and fault information

Presents a new test generation procedure for sequential circuits using newly-traversed state information and newly-detected fault information obtained between successive iterations of vector compaction. Two types of technique are considered. One is based on which new states a sequential circuit is driven into, and the other is based on the new faults that are detected in the circuit between consecutive iterations of vector compaction. These data modify an otherwise random selection of vectors to bias vector sequences that cause the circuit to reach new states and cause previously undetected faults to be detected. The biased vectors, when used to extend the compacted test set, provide an intelligent selection of vectors. The extended test set is then compacted. Repeated applications of state and fault analysis, vector generation and compaction produce significantly high fault coverage using relatively small computing resources. We obtained improvements in terms of higher fault coverage, fewer vectors for the same coverage, or smaller numbers of iterations and time required, consistently for several benchmark circuits.
Management of spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature.

Spontaneous pneumothorax rarely occurs during pregnancy. Only 22 nonmalignancy-related cases have been previously published. Herein we report a case of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during the third trimester of pregnancy that necessitated surgical intervention. At thoracotomy, a large bulla was excised from the lower lobe of the right lung; abrasive pleurodesis was subsequently done. Postoperatively, the patient had regular contractions, which were successfully stopped with intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate. Indications, procedures, and precautions for operative intervention during pregnancy are discussed.
On using BPEL extensibility to implement OGSI and WSRF Grid workflows

This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using BPEL4WS in Grid environments. In particular, we look at how BPEL4WS built-in extensibility can be used to facilitate execution of BPEL-based workflows in OGSI- and WSRF-based Grids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Bacterial Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Affects the Leaf Ionome of Plant Hosts during Infection

Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogenic bacterium that lives inside the host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Here, Nicotiana tabacum was infected with X. fastidiosa, and the spatial and temporal changes in the whole-leaf ionome (i.e. the mineral and trace element composition) were measured as the host plant transitioned from healthy to diseased physiological status. The elemental composition of leaves was used as an indicator of the physiological changes in the host at a specific time and relative position during plant development. Bacterial infection was found to cause significant increases in concentrations of calcium prior to the appearance of symptoms and decreases in concentrations of phosphorous after symptoms appeared. Field-collected leaves from multiple varieties of grape, blueberry, and pecan plants grown in different locations over a four-year period in the Southeastern US showed the same alterations in Ca and P. This descriptive ionomics approach characterizes the existence of a mineral element-based response to X. fastidiosa using a model system suitable for further manipulation to uncover additional details of the role of mineral elements during plant-pathogen interactions. This is the first report on the dynamics of changes in the ionome of the host plant throughout the process of infection by a pathogen.
Effects of temperature and fertilization on nitrogen cycling and community composition of an urban lawn

We examined the influence of temperature and management practices on the nitrogen (N) cycling of turfgrass, the largest irrigated crop in the United States. We measured nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, and plant and soil N content and isotopic composition with a manipulative experiment of temperature and fertilizer application. Infrared lamps were used to increase surface temperature by 3.5 � 1.31C on average and control and heated plots were split into high and low fertilizer treatments. The N2O fluxes increased following fertilizer application and were also directly related to soil moisture. There was a positive effect of warming on N2O fluxes. Soils in the heated plots were enriched in nitrogen isotope ratio (d 15 N) relative to control plots, consistent with greater gaseous losses of N. For all treatments, C4 plant C/N ratio was negatively correlated with plant d 15 N, suggesting that low leaf N was associated with the use of isotopically depleted N sources such as mineralized organic matter. A significant and unexpected result was a large, rapid increase in the proportion of C4 plants in the heated plots relative to control plots, as measured by the carbon isotope ratio (d 13 C) of total harvested aboveground biomass. The C4 plant biomass was dominated by crabgrass, a common weed in C3 fescue lawns. Our results suggest that an increase in temperature caused by climate change as well as the urban heat island effect may result in increases in N2O emissions from fertilized urban lawns. In addition, warming may exacerbate weed invasions, which may require more intensive management, e.g. herbicide application, to manage species composition.
Visibility of DCT basis functions: effects of contrast masking

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a standard method by which images may be compressed. Initially, the image is divided into 8/spl times/8-pixel blocks, each of which is then transformed into its DCT, which is an 8/spl times/8 matrix of coefficients. One image-dependent factor influencing the detectability of DCT basis functions is contrast masking. The authors present data which indicate that sensitivity to a particular coefficient's quantization error is affected by the magnitudes of other coefficients. They propose a revision of Model O to account for between-coefficient contrast masking. >
Technology management via a set of dynamically linked roadmaps

The three fundamental types of information/knowledge needed to support a best-in-class technology management capability are: (1) the business, marketing and customer requirements driving your business; (2) the decision planning needed to frame the strategic direction of your company; and (3) the roadmaps that identify the decision alternatives (business scenarios) over time. Today, most companies are focusing on one or two of these essential ingredients, leaving a major gap in their ability to understand how change will impact their business in what is now an explosive period of technological and sociological change. They need to better leverage their strategic knowledge in order to dramatically improve their technology management capability. However, this knowledge is either missing, localized to a few experts, hidden in documents, or is untrustworthy since it is out of date, of questionable quality or has no clear accountable source. This paper describes work that Motorola Labs is pioneering in providing an integrated, strategic decision-making, requirements management and roadmapping process. To make this process realizable within a large enterprise, a set of methods and tools have been developed to support the process. While this paper focuses on technology management, this approach can and is being applied across other processes such as strategy development, research management, system architecture and platform development as well as market and product planning.
Specific Nuclear Localization Sequence Binding to Plant Nuclei

The import of proteins into the nucleus is mediated by nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), which are short polypeptide regions having a high content of basic amino acids (for reviews, see Roberts, 1989; Garcia-Bustos et al., 1991; Raikhel, 1992). NLSs are found at many locations within proteins but are not removed following translocation as are signals for chloroplastic (Keegstra, 1989), mitochondrial (Hartl and Neupert, 1990) and vacuolar (Chrispeels and Raikhel, 1992) import. The best studied NLSs are those that resemble the import signal of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen (PKKKRKV; Kalderon et al., 1984; Lanford and Butel, 1984). Two additional classes of NLSs have also been identified. These are exemplified by the yeast mating type α-2 (Mat α-2) NLS (Hall et al., 1984), which possesses hydrophobic and basic amino acids (KIPIK), and bipartite NLSs which are composed of two short regions of basic amino acids separated by approximately ten residues (for review, see Dingwall and Laskey, 1991).
Human Glucocorticoid Receptor β Regulates Gluconeogenesis and Inflammation in Mouse Liver

While in vitro studies have demonstrated that a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) splice isoform, β-isoform of human GR (hGRβ), acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of the classic hGRα and confers glucocorticoid resistance, the in vivo function of hGRβ is poorly understood. To this end, we created an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express hGRβ in the mouse liver under the control of the hepatocyte-specific promoter. Genome-wide expression analysis of mouse livers showed that hGRβ significantly increased the expression of numerous genes, many of which are involved in endocrine system disorders and the inflammatory response. Physiologically, hGRβ antagonized GRα's function and attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis through downregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in wild-type (WT) mouse liver. Interestingly, however, hGRβ did not repress PEPCK in GR liver knockout (GRLKO) mice. In contrast, hGRβ regulates the expression of STAT1 in the livers of both WT and GRLKO mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that hGRβ binds to the intergenic glucocorticoid response element (GRE) of the STAT1 gene. Furthermore, treatment with RU486 inhibited the upregulation of STAT1 mediated by hGRβ. Finally, our array data demonstrate that hGRβ regulates unique components of liver gene expression in vivo by both GRα-dependent and GRα-independent mechanisms.
Influence of physical factors on the growth of insect cells in vitro. I. Effect of osmotic pressure on growth rate of a moth cell line.

The influence of osmotic pressure on the growth rate of a cell line (IMC-HZ-1) from a moth,Heliothis zea, was studied. The cells grew at approximately the same rate in media ranging from 290 to 360mOsm per kg. On either side of these osmolalities the growth rate fell off considerably. The osmotic pressure tolerances of the cells were similar to those reported for other animal cells. Upon transfer to media of higher osmolality, the moth cells effected further increases in the osmolality of the medium. The relationship between the logarithm of the change in osmolality effected per cell and the initial osmolality of the medium was linear.
Biological studies on Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Encarsia formosa Gahan, a parasite of worldwide occurrence, is an effective enemy of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialcurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), at temperatures of 24°C and higher. It shows a preference for whiteflies on nonpubescent leaves. If no hosts were previously available, Encarsia adults fed readily on whitefly pupae when confined with them. Host-feeding by this parasite has not been reported previously. E. formosa is uniparental, though bisexual. Males occur rarely and, as with other Encarsia species, they develop hyperparasitically as parasites of Encarsia larvae. No explanation of their appearance has been previously suggested. In the present work, the whiteflies in which males developed always contained Encarsia larvae, while those in which female-producing eggs were deposited were always unparasitized at the time of oviposition. The male-producing, hyperparasitic habit of E. formosa females appears to materialize only if they are unable to find unparasitized hosts; therefore, adult males usually occur only if the parasite-host ratio is high.
Diagnosis of Abdominal Masses

A large proportion of abdominal masses in infants and children are neoplasms, and most are malignant. Diagnosis may be evident after correlation of clinical findings but should be confirmed by radiographic studies. Intravenous pyelogram (left, below) shows inferior displacement of right kidney by large neuroblastoma. Inferior vena cavagram, also shown on this film, demonstrates obstruction of the vena cava with filling of collaterals.
Evaluating Collective Action in the Pacific Islands Through Commitment to Narrative-Networks

In Pacific Island nations, environmental degradation is happening at a rapid rate, primarily due to global climate change. Transnational environmental governance networks are emerging that include the Pacific Island nations, NGOs, INGOs, and states that are external to the region (e.g., the United States and France) in order to mitigate for these changes. These decision-making bodies face unique problems of collective action, where major institutions in the region have low levels of capacity or are largely questioned by the people, the costs of mitigation are either regionally or globally diffuse, and the benefits of collective action would unequally benefit specific marginal communities. This presentation looks at if and how these environmental networks overcome collective action problems. While not addressing the full range of issues that can influence the collective action problem, I argue that a greater understanding of commitment can shed light onto the ways in which individuals make choices to move their time and organizational resources into transnational environmental governance networks. This commitment is strengthened through the formation of “narrative-networks,” or networks that coalesce around a particular storyline. The use of characterization — heroes, villains, and victims, both human and nonhuman — creates an “us” and “them,” which increases the level of commitment to the network that can overcome collective action problems. In this presentation, the context for othering is examined, as well as the gaps in the conventional narrative that are employed by the narrative-networks.
Effect of severe hypoalbuminemia on toxicity of high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis

High-dose melphalan with stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) extends survival and induces hematologic and clinical responses in patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Eighty percent of melphalan is bound to plasma proteins (60% albumin-bound). We hypothesized that patients with profound hypoalbuminemia have a greater free melphalan fraction and more toxicity. Patients with AL amyloidosis treated with HDM/SCT between 2011 and 2014 with severe hypoalbuminemia (SH), defined as serum albumin ⩽2 g/dL were studied retrospectively. Sixteen patients with SH were identified. Forty-one patients without severe hypoalbuminemia (WSH) treated between 2011 and 2012 served as control. The incidence of acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis was 25% among patients with SH, compared with 5% among patients WSH (P=0.05). Not all patients who needed dialysis required it long term; 6.25% for SH and 2.44% for WSH (P=0.49). The rates of grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicities were not significantly different between the groups. Engraftment kinetics were similar for both groups. Grade 4 renal toxicity and grade 3 lightheadedness were more frequent in patients with SH undergoing HDM/SCT for AL amyloidosis. Further studies into the mechanism of increased renal toxicity in patients with SH are warranted.
The Effect of Transurethral Light on the Canine Prostate after Sensitization with the Photosensitizer Tin (II) Etiopurpurin Dichloride: A Pilot Study

A pilot study was undertaken to determine the effect of transurethral light on photosensitized periurethral prostatic tissue in the dog. Initial studies demonstrated that a sufficient level of the photosensitizer tin (II) etiopurpurin dichloride, SnET2, was present in the canine prostate 24 hours after intravenous administration to create a photodynamic effect. Gross and histologic examination of SnET2 photosensitized prostates treated transurethrally with 285 joules per cm. of red light (660 nm.) showed hemorrhagic necrosis as much as 1 cm. from the urethral wall. Three weeks after treatment, circumferential glandular atrophy was evident within the treatment area. The urethral mucosa, which was histologically absent at the 48-hour interval, regenerated by 3 weeks. Transurethral photodynamic treatment of the prostate is feasible, and its use for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia warrants further investigation.
Integrating geographic activity space and social network space to promote healthy lifestyles

Obesity is the most critical issue in public health today, the proposed project uses mobile technology to gather information from smartphone users among college freshmen so to construct activity space and behavioral patterns of individuals as related to weight changes. College freshmen tend to be living on their own for the first time in their lives. They are in a critical stage of forming life-long behavioral patterns of food consumption and physical activity. Based on the theoretical construct of activity space in time geography and social influence by social networks, the proposed project will integrate individual behavioral patterns into grouped behavioral trends. The research outcomes are expected to assist in better planning of built environment and better designing of intervention programs on college campuses to reduce obesity. Specific aims to be accomplished are (1) to develop cellphone applications (apps) to collect location information and information of the levels of physical activity of the participating students, (2) to analyze individual behavioral patterns by reconstructing activity space of the participating students over the proposed study period, and (3) to statistically model the association between weight changes and behavioral patterns. Expected research outcome will include quantitative and predictive models for the directions and strengths of the association between weight changes and how college freshmen live their lives in areas on and around college campuses.
Perceptions vs. evidence: therapeutic substitutes for antipsychotics in patients with dementia in long-term care

ABSTRACTObjective: To compare differences between clinician perceptions of therapeutic substitutes for antipsychotics prescribed to patients with dementia in long term care (LTC) and published evidence.Methods: A mixed-methods approach that included a drug information search, online survey of 55 LTC clinicians and a comprehensive literature review was used. For 41 pharmacologic antipsychotic substitute candidates identified, LTC clinicians rated the likelihood they would substitute each for patients with dementia and identified non-pharmacologic antipsychotic substitutes. The quality of evidence supporting the most likely antipsychotic substitutes was assessed using a modified GRADE approach.Results: Among 36 (65%) of LTC clinicians responding, the pharmacologic candidates deemed likely or somewhat likely to be substituted for an antipsychotic were: valproic acid, serotonin modulator antidepressants, short-acting benzodiazepines, serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist,...
The Spherical-Actuator-Magnet Manipulator: A Permanent-Magnet Robotic End-Effector

A variety of magnetic devices can be manipulated remotely using a single permanent “actuator” magnet positioned in space by a robotic manipulator. This paper describes the spherical-actuator-magnet manipulator (SAMM), which is designed to replace or augment the singularity-prone spherical wrist used by prior permanent-magnet manipulation systems. The SAMM uses three omniwheels to enable holonomic control of the heading of its magnet's dipole and to enable its magnet to be rotated continuously about any axis of rotation. The SAMM performs closed-loop control of its dipole's heading using field measurements obtained from Hall-effect sensors as feedback, combined with modeled dynamics, using an extended Kalman filter. We describe the operation and construction of the SAMM, develop and characterize controllers for the SAMM's spherical magnet, and demonstrate remote actuation of an untethered magnetic device in a lumen using the SAMM.
AN ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING LIAPUNOV FUNCTIONALS FOR SOME DIFFERENTIAL-DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an algorithm for computing Liapunov functionals for some differential-difference equations. In this note, an algorithm is developed for determining the stability behavior of linear autonomous differential-difference equations with a single lag. The technique is to treat the solutions to the differential-difference equation as the range of a strongly continuous semi-group of the operators of class C0 and to attempt to find Hermitian forms H and R such that a particular algebraic relationship holds between the forms H and R and the infinitesimal generator, A, of the semi-group. It was assumed that R has a particular representation in terms of unknown matrices and using knowledge of H and A one hope to determine these matrices. This process leads to the solution of a two-point boundary value problem for a system of linear ordinary differential equations.
Counting with code

Counting problems pose a difficult challenge for a majority of students. The struggle typically lies in setting up the problem and figuring out what counting rules to apply. To overcome this hurdle, we developed a programming language for counting with an emphasis on representation. The premise of the approach is that a standard representation for counting problems not only provides a framework for setting up the problem, but also allows counting rules to be applied with less ambiguity. The language itself is kept simple, so that the programming aspect would not hinder the mathematical imagination of the students and their ability to engage in abstract thought.
Synchronous “elevator pitch”: Teaching digital communication literacy with peer consultation and self-assessment

Abstract This project facilitates any time, any place, any path, and any pace learning by asking students to set up synchronous digital meetings with an academic consultant to prepare, practice, and deliver a professional 3-minute elevator pitch. As the needs for continuing education from working professionals are rising, more and more students have enrolled in adult degree programs, just as many students are enrolled in online courses. These students engage in learning activities and connect to the resources on campus with asynchronous and synchronous technologies. Furthermore, employers utilize synchronous technologies to virtually contact and evaluate potential workforce candidates. Students need to obtain the digital literacy and professional communication skill set to be comfortable to professionally present themselves remotely and synchronously with video feed. In this project, through collaboration with an on-campus communication center consultant, students will learn and demonstrate professional digital communication competency via email and face-to-face online synchronous meetings, to accomplish the outcome of delivering a 3-minute “elevator pitch” presentation. Instruction, tutorials, and paths will be provided with an intentional design. After completing the assignment in a digital environment through online communication, consultation, revision, rehearsal, and self-assessment, students will have demonstrated proficiency in key skills of digital professional communication, collaboration, and public speaking.
The Meaning and Purpose of Ritual

Ritual serves an important function in the lives of individuals, couples, and families. This chapter provides an overview of important rituals across a number of faiths and explores their significance within the context of relationships. Attention is also focused on assisting the client to explore the meaning of such rituals as a mechanism to connect with others.
Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid and the presence and severity of acute placental inflammation: a study of term deliveries in a predominantly African-American population

Objective: To determine frequency, stage and grade of placental histologic acute maternal inflammatory response (MIR) and fetal inflammatory response (FIR) in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF)...