cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience with Thiomerin, A New Mercurial Diuretic

Thiomerin, a new mercurial diuretic, was given subcutaneously to 109 patients in whom fluid accumulations were present. Most patients suffered from congestive heart failure. It was used first under close supervision in hospitalized patients and later in ambulatory patients. In certain patients it was possible to compare the diuretic response to Thiomerin given subcutaneously with that to Mercuzanthin and/or Mercuhydrin given intramuscularly or intravenously. The untoward effects of these mercurial diuretics were compared with those caused by Thiomerin. The advantages of a subcutaneous mercurial diuretic are pointed out.
Ethics and Cultures in International Business

The growth of international business calls for the development of universal ethical standards. Corporate and national cultures embody differing codes of conduct. Serious ethical lapses have damaged...
Local Properties of Ternary Rings of Operators and Their Linking C *-Algebras☆

Abstract We show that some local properties (such as nuclearity, exactness, and local reflexivity) of ternary rings of operators (TROs) are closely related to the local properties of their linking C * -algebras. We also show some equivalent conditions for nuclear TROs, and show that Haagerup's decomposition property for completely bounded maps and Pisier's δ-norm can be naturally generalized to TROs.
Thermal studies on the polymerization of a uridine-uridine-3′-(2′)-phosphate mixture

The heats of fusion for crystalline uridine and its phosphate derivative, uridine-3′-(2′)-phosphate, as well as the enthalpic and entropic values for the polymerization of a mixture of these compounds, have been determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. An analog computer analysis of the exotherm associated with heating of the mixture indicated a minimum of five processes, which could be rationalized on the basis of previously published experimental findings.
Minority Stress and Binge Eating Among Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Previous research demonstrates that lesbian and bisexual (LB) women report more binge eating behaviors compared to heterosexual women although the explanations for this disparity are not well understood. LB women also experience distal (e.g., discrimination) and proximal (e.g., expectations of rejection) minority stressors that are related to negative mental and physical health outcomes. The present study investigated the association between minority stressors and binge eating behaviors in LB women. A sample of 164 LB women completed an online survey that included measures of distal and proximal sexual minority stressors, emotional-focused coping, social isolation, negative affect, and binge eating. The resultant model partially supported both the psychological mediation framework and the affect regulation model. The principal finding was that among LB women, proximal stressors were associated with social isolation and emotion-focused coping, which in turn were associated with negative affect and ultimately binge eating. Overall, the study provides evidence that minority stress is associated with binge eating and may partially explain the disparity in binge eating between LB and heterosexual women.
Helicity Injection by Knotted Antennas into Electron Magnetohydrodynamical Plasmas

A fully three-dimensional computer simulation of an ideal electron magnetohydrodynamical plasma is performed. By introducing various pulsed inductive antenna sources, magnetic helicity ( $H\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\int}\mathbf{A}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}\mathbf{B}\mathbf{}\mathrm{dV}$) injection is studied. Confirming experimental results, a simple loop provides no net helicity injection. Linked and knotted antennas, however, do inject helicity and preferentially radiate whistler wave packets parallel or antiparallel to the ambient magnetic field. Relative efficiencies of these antennas are reported as well as their unique directional properties.
UV-Induced Corneal Epithelial Cell Death by Activation of Potassium Channels

PURPOSE. The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of K + channel activity as an early event in UV-induced corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. METHOD. Both cell-attached and nystatin-perforated patch-clamping were performed to record K + channel activity in rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) and primary cultured rabbit corneal epithelial (PRCE) cells exposed to UV irradiation. On exposure of corneal epithelial cells or intact corneas to UV-C irradiation or treatment of corneal epithelial cells with etoposide, cell apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation, ethidium bromide-acridine orange nuclear stain and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS. In the present study, UV-irradiation-induced corneal epithelial cell apoptosis through activation of a K' channel in the cell membrane was an early event in response to UV irradiation. UV-C irradiation (42 μJ/cm 2 ) activated robust K + channel activity in RCE and PRCE cells at both the single-channel and whole-cell levels, when measured with the cell-attached and nystatin-perforated patch clamps, respectively. Suppression of UV-irradiation-induced K + channel activity with the specific K + channel blocker 4-aminopurydine (4-AP) prevented UV-irradiation-induced apoptosis in the RCE and PRCE cells, loss of the superficial layer of corneal epithelium, and apoptosis in the basal layer corneal epithelium. However, suppression of K + channel activity did not protect RCE and PRCE cells from etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, which induced cell death by bypassing the membrane. Furthermore, application of valinomycin, a K + ionophore, to mimic the effect of mass activation of the K + channel in RCE and PRCE cells caused cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS. The results indicate that UV irradiation induces superactivity of K' channels in the membrane is an early event mediating signaling transduction and resulting in corneal epithelial cell death in response to UV irradiation.
Waveform agile sensing for tracking with collaborative radar networks

In this paper we consider the problem of waveform scheduling for multiple Range-Doppler radars operating collaboratively for target tracking. First, we consider the canonical cases of collocated radar platforms, each capable of choosing a waveform at every PRI from a fixed chirp waveform library. We assume the radars fuse the information that they obtain from their measurements after each chirp pulse in a Kalman Filter tracking framework to obtain posterior distribution of the target state. The radars then use the resulting distribution to jointly select their next waveform set. Our results extend previous work on information theoretic waveform-scheduling proposed for single range-doppler radar to multiple radars interrogating the same target. We show that the radar platforms have to employ a mixture of minimum and maximum chirp-rates supported by the radar hardware to maximize mutual information between the target state and measurements. For the case of two identical radars we completely characterize the optimal combination of chirp waveforms with minimum and maximum chirp-rates as a function of prior target state covariance, carrier frequency, width of transmitting pulse and allowable chirp rates. Finally, the results are extended to arbitrary number of radars at arbitrary geometry.
Hormone receptors in livers of GH3 tumor-bearing rats: the predominant effect of growth hormone and testosterone.

The relationship between serum levels of rat GH (rGH), rat PRL (rPRL), corticosterone, estrogen, and testosterone and the liver-binding sites specific to [125I]iodo-human GH (hGH), -human PRL (hPRL), and -rPRL were investigated in normal rats, in rats bearing the GH- and PRL-secreting tumor (GH3), and in rats 14 days after tumor removal. The GH3 tumor elevated serum levels of rGH and rPRL and concomitantly increased the hepatic binding of radioiodinated hGH, hPRL, and rPRL; male rats had a greater increase than female rats. The increased binding was due to an increase in the specific membrane-binding sites, the receptors, whereas the affinity constant of binding (Ka) was not altered. In both male and female rats, the specific binding of receptors and the total binding capacities of livers correlated positively with serum levels of rGH (P < 0.02) and inversely with serum levels of testosterone (P < 0.05). There was insignificant or no correlation between rPRL or other steroids and the total liver-binding c...
Pauli-Force Model Potential for Solids

A model potential previously applied to molecules is adapted to the study of structural trends in solids. The potential, which has simple analytic one-electron eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, is based upon a Pauli-force concept and retains the salient features of ab initio pseudopotentials. The eigenvalues are of the quantum-defect form, so that treatment of the energy dependence of the potential parameter is particularly straightforward. A form factor is calculated in a local-screening approximation, and algebraic expressions for a core radius ${r}_{c}$ and the form-factor node ${q}_{0}$ are obtained. These expressions have transparent physical interpretations, and form the basis for a discussion of chemical trends in ${r}_{c}$ and ${q}_{0}$ in terms of a few simple parameters. The connection with well-known local model potentials is briefly explored.
Classification of digital typefaces using spectral signatures

Abstract Mean Fourier amplitudes through a bank of bandpass filters provide a feature vector with which typefaces can be identified using a piecewise quadratic classifier.
Evidence for quantitative trait loci affecting twinning rate in North American Holstein cattle.

Summary Twinning in dairy cattle has been associated with many negative health and reproductive events that cause economic loss to the producer. Reports have suggested that twinning rates are increasing and that there may be a positive relationship between milk production and twinning frequency. Putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) for twinning and ovulation rate on bovine chromosomes 5, 7, 19 and 23 have been previously identified in other populations. The objective of this study was to detect and possibly confirm the existence and effects of these QTL in the North American Holstein population. Half-sib families of 20 North American Holstein sires with above average twinning rate predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) comprised the sample population under investigation. Twinning rate PTA values had been estimated from calving data. DNA extracted from semen samples was analysed using 45–61 microsatellite markers across the four chromosomes. Marker heterozygosity of the patriarchs averaged 62%. Evidence of twinning QTL was found in multiple families on chromosomes 5, 7 and 23 and in one family on chromosome 19. Four of the sires formed one three-generation family: one sire and three half-sib sons with sons of their own. This extended family was analysed with additional markers confirming a twinning QTL of significant size on chromosome 5.
Neuroendocrine tumour of the ovary

Non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSCNEC) of the ovary is an aggressive and rare tumour, which is commonly associated with other surface epithelial and germ cell neoplasms (Veras et al. 2007...
Intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma: Report of a pilot study

Background: External beam radiotherapy in advanced neuroblastoma is limited by the volume of normal radiosensitive tissues included in the radiation field. Limitations to external radiation are the late effects to these tissues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) delivers a single high-radiation dose to a tumor while displacing normal tissues that would have been included in an external field. Standard external radiotherapy can still be done after “boost” IORT.
First evidence of a possible association between gastric acid suppression during pregnancy and childhood asthma: a population‐based register study

Summary Background Recent data in mice suggest that acid suppression during pregnancy yields offspring with type 2 T helper-dominant immunity, suggesting a predisposition for allergy. Objective To determine the association of in utero exposure to acid-suppressive medications and the subsequent development of allergic diseases in children. Methods We studied a population-based observational cohort formed by linking data from three Swedish national healthcare registers: the Medical Birth Register, the Hospital Discharge Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Main outcome measures included a hospital discharge diagnosis of an allergic disease or prescription for asthma medications, epinephrine auto-injectors, antihistamines or steroid ointments in children. Data were analysed using the Mantel–Haenszel procedure. Results Twenty-nine thousand four hundred and ninety (5.03%) children had a discharge diagnosis of allergy or prescriptions for allergy medications. Five thousand six hundred and forty-five (0.96%) children had been exposed to acid suppression therapy during pregnancy; of these, 405 (0.07%) were treated for allergic diseases. Exposure to acid-suppressive medications in utero was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for developing allergy (OR 1.43, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.29–1.59). We observed this association irrespective of the type of drug, time of exposure during pregnancy, and maternal history of allergy. The use of maternal acid-suppressive medication was associated with an increased OR for the development of childhood asthma (3.7% in the population at large vs. 5.6% in exposed children, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.35–1.69), but not for other allergic diseases. Conclusion These data provide first evidence of a significant association between in utero exposure to acid-suppressive drugs and the risk of developing childhood asthma.
COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING AND POLICING-ORIENTED COMMUNITY

ABSTRACT With few exceptions, existing studies indicate that community policing has not been successful in sustaining community involvement and has had only limited effects on crime rates. This paper examines the current issues in community policing and how policing-oriented community may help to resolve them. The latter is a community-based organization that aims at reducing citizens’ reliance on the criminal justice system through community crime prevention. The paper explores the assumptions behind this concept, discusses its implementation, and proposes its institutionalization to bring community policing into reality.
Role of T7 RNA polymerase His784 in start site selection and initial transcription.

The role of steric constraints vs sequence preference in start site selection by T7 RNA polymerase was investigated by using a series of synthetic promoters in which the preferred template strand ‘CC' initiation sequence was moved away from its normal position relative to the −17 to −6 element of the T7 promoter. It was found that the CC sequence directs efficient initiation if placed 1 or 2 nt downstream of its normal position, but not if placed upstream, or more than 2 nt downstream, of +1. Mutagenesis revealed that part of the bias to initiate with GTP is due to an interaction between histidine 784 and the 2-amino group of a guanosine bound in the initiating triphosphate position. This interaction is also important for holding short transcripts within the transcription complex during initial transcription.
The Effects of Process Parameters on Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) offers a variety of advantages in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes in that several critical synthesis parameters can be controlled independently. In the present study, the effects of reacting gas composition, catalyst film thickness and bias voltage are investigated. Carbon nanotube samples are grown in a microwave PECVD chamber on clean silicon substrates. Gas composition is varied from carbon-rich to carbon-lean by controlling the methane flow rate. The results indicate that gas-phase composition profoundly affects the synthesized material, which is shown to be randomly oriented nanotube mats for moderate-to-rich gas mixtures and non-tubular carbon for very lean mixtures. The non-tubular content is shown to contain disordered and graphitic bonding by Raman spectrometry. Vertically aligned nanostructures are obtained under the presence of bias voltage.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
InGaP/AlInGaP quantum well surface normal modulators for visible wavelengths

An InGaP/AlInGaP, surface normal multiquantum well modulator operating at visible wavelengths is reported for the first time. Application of -6 V perpendicular to the plane of the quantum wells produces a 15% change in transmission at 645 nm, caused by a change in absorption in excess of 2900 cm/sup -1/.
Surface chemistry and bonding configuration of ultrananocrystalline diamond surfaces and their effects on nanotribological properties

We present a comprehensive study of surface composition and nanotribology for ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) surfaces, including the influence of film nucleation on these properties. We describe a methodology to characterize the underside of the films as revealed by sacrificial etching of the underlying substrate. This enables the study of the morphology and composition resulting from the nucleation and initial growth of the films, as well as the characterization of nanotribological properties which are relevant for applications including micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems. We study the surface chemistry, bonding configuration, and nanotribological properties of both the topside and the underside of the film with synchrotron-based x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy to identify the bonding state of the carbon atoms, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the surface chemical composition, Auger electron spectroscopy to further verify the composition and bonding configuration, and quantitative atomic force microscopy to study the nanoscale topography and nanotribological properties. The films were grown on $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ after mechanically polishing the surface with detonation synthesized nanodiamond powder, followed by ultrasonication in a methanol solution containing additional nanodiamond powder. The $s{p}^{2}$ fraction, morphology, and chemistry of the as-etched underside are distinct from the topside, exhibiting a higher $s{p}^{2}$ fraction, some oxidized carbon, and a smoother morphology. The nanoscale single-asperity work of adhesion between a diamond nanotip and the as-etched UNCD underside is far lower than for a silicon-silicon interface ($59.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ vs $826\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}186\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, respectively). Exposure to atomic hydrogen dramatically reduces nanoscale adhesion to $10.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, at the level of van der Waals' interactions and consistent with recent ab initio calculations. Friction is substantially reduced as well, demonstrating a direct link between the surface chemistry and nanoscale friction. The proposed mechanism, supported by the detailed surface spectroscopic analysis, is the elimination of reactive (e.g., ${\mathrm{C}}^{*}$), polar (e.g., $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}$), and $\ensuremath{\pi}$-bonded $(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{C})$ surface groups, which are replaced by fully saturated, hydrogen-terminated surface bonds to produce an inert surface that interacts minimally with the contacting counterface.
Habitat preference, predation, and the intertidal distribution of gammaridean amphipods in a north carolina salt marsh

Abstract Habitat islands designed to simulate small patches of Spartina wrack were used to sample intertidal amphipods in Tar Landing Marsh, North Carolina, U.S.A. Orchestia grillus Bosc, Orchestia sp. (an as yet undescribed saline salt marsh endemic), and Gammarus palustris Bousfield were the common species at the study site. In transect samples along a tidal gradient, Orchestia grillus occurred only at extreme high marsh sites, while Gammarus palustris colonized islands that were more frequently inundated by the tide. Orchestia sp. was intermediate in distribution with a tendency toward the high marsh habitat. Other investigators have suggested that predation by the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), maintains the high marsh distribution of Orchestia grillus. Transplantation experiments with sets of habitat islands placed at different vertical positions within a tidal gradient were used in the present investigation to determine whether the natural distribution of O. grillus could occur in the absence of predation. Results suggested that physical conditions associated with relatively frequent and prolonged tidal inundation make the low marsh an unsuitable habitat for O. grillus. The intertidal distribution of this amphipod appears to be independent of killifish predation in Tar Landing Marsh. Collections from naturally colonized habitat islands at different levels in the tidal gradient are consistent with the hypothesis that intertidal distributions of Orchestia sp. and Gammarus palustris are also determined primarily by preferences for specific physical conditions.
Genome sequencing and comparative genomics provides insights on the evolutionary dynamics and pathogenic potential of different H-serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104

Background: Various H-serotypes of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104, including H4, H7, H21, and H¯, have been associated with sporadic cases of illness and have caused food-borne outbreaks globally. In the U.S., STEC O104:H21 caused an outbreak associated with milk in 1994. However, there is little known on the evolutionary origins of STEC O104 strains, and how genotypic diversity contributes to pathogenic potential of various O104 H-antigen serotypes isolated from different ecological niches and/or geographical regions. Results: Two STEC O104:H21 (milk outbreak strain) and O104:H7 (cattle isolate) strains were shot-gun sequenced, and the genomes were closed. The intimin (eae) gene, involved in the attaching-effacing phenotype of diarrheagenic E. coli, was not found in either strain. Examining various O104 genome sequences, we found that two “complete” left and right end portions of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island were present in 13 O104 strains; however, the central portion of LEE was missing, where the eae gene is located. In O104:H4 strains, the missing central portion of the LEE locus was replaced by a pathogenicity island carrying the aidA (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) gene and antibiotic resistance genes commonly carried on plasmids. Enteroaggregative E. coli-specific virulence genes and European outbreak O104:H4-specific stx2-encoding Escherichia P13374 or Escherichia TL-2011c bacteriophages were missing in some of the O104:H4 genome sequences available from public databases. Most of the genomic variations in the strains examined were due to the presence of different mobile genetic elements, including prophages and genomic island regions. The presence of plasmids carrying virulence-associated genes may play a role in the pathogenic potential of O104 strains. Conclusions: The two strains sequenced in this study (O104:H21 and O104:H7) are genetically more similar to each other than to the O104:H4 strains that caused an outbreak in Germany in 2011 and strains found in Central Africa. A hypothesis on strain evolution and pathogenic potential of various H-serotypes of E. coli O104 strains is proposed.
Small intestinal mucosal fatty acid uptake and esterification in infants and children.

SUMMARY: Oleic acid uptake and esterification in intact intestinal mucosa were studied in 14 infants and children with chronic non-specific diarrhea, but histologically normal small intestinal mucosal biopsies, using an in vitro technique. The uptake rate was 5.876 ± 1.942 nmol fatty acid/mg Nitrogen/minute and the esterification rate was 4.060 ± 1.010 nmol fatty acid/mg Nitrogen/minute, comparable to previous adult esterification studies. No effect of age on either esterification or uptake was present. Mucosal injury resulted in significant reductions in esterification (p < 0.001) and uptake (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Bile acid deficiencies led to reductions in mucosal esterification (p < 0.05) but not uptake. SPECULATION: The intestinal mucosal biopsy has been an invaluable tool in the study of the histopathology and ultrastructural pathology of human disease; it will become a valuable tool to study intestinal biochemistry, enzymblogy and physiology. The simple in vitro incubation technique described, with application to the study of fatty acid uptake and esterification and to other areas of mucosal metabolism, may allow delineation of new etiologies for chronic infantile diarrhea. Specific alterations in mucosal metabolism may be found associated with alterations in intestinal mucosa morphology or intraluminal conditions.
Consumption Advisories for Sport Fish in the Great Lakes Basin: Jurisdictional Inconsistencies

Abstract Consumption advisories for contaminated sport fish in the Great Lakes are developed by states using a variety of methods and trigger levels. The methods and trigger levels used by the Great Lakes states to develop consumption advisories were examined, and consumption advice resulting from the use of these methods compared for the U.S. waters of the Great Lakes. The methods used to develop consumption advice vary widely between and among lakes. The result of the use of different methods is development of different consumption advice for fish with similar types and quantities of contaminants. The degree of stringency of advice also varies depending on the types and quantities of contaminants in fish tissue. Different advice and stringency can only serve to confuse the fishing public and those consuming Great Lakes sport fish, and ultimately may result in consumption advice being ignored entirely. We suggest that the Great Lakes states have not yet met the mandate or the spirit of the Governors’ 1986 Toxic Substances Control Agreement for development of uniform consumption advisories for sport fish. We urge the adoption of a uniform method for development of fish consumption advisories for all of the Great Lakes and application of the method to all fish that are contaminated with toxic organic and inorganic substances.
Brief systemic intervention with school behavior problems: A case of temper tantrums

This article describes an intervention employed in working with a 5-year-old girl who had frequent temper tantrums at school and at home. Using a brief systemic approach, the interactional cycle between the child and involved adults was assessed, and an intervention was developed and implemented to interrupt the tantrums. This involved prescribing the tantrum behavior. The tantrums disappeared after the third session. A follow-up three weeks later indicated there had been no further tantrums at home or at school.
The influence of goals on people's perceptions of a competent woman

Traditional and profeminist males and females were shown one of two videotapes of a competent woman who planned either to pursue her career or to stay home with her family. Results indicated that (1) the woman was perceived as more able when she planned to pursue her career; (2) females' perceptions were more positive in the Career condition and males in the Family condition; (3) females' perceptions to the stimulus person were consistent with their attitudes, while males' perceptions were not.
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes Collected from Light Traps in Korea (1999‐2000)

Adult mosquito collections were conducted from 1999 through 2000 at 29 US military installations located in six provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Adult mosquitoes were collected in New Jersey light traps from 15 May to 15 October each year. Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine the appropriate time for pesticide applications at each of the Army installations. A total of 68,051 and 62,526 adults were collected in 1999 and 2000 respectively, comprising 53,983 (79.3%) females and 14,068 (20.7%) males in 1999, and 50,274 (80.4%) females and 12,252 (19.6%) males in 2000. A total of 19 species from 7 genera were collected. The most common species collected were Anopheles sinensis (34.2%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (29.4%), Aedes vexans nipponii (18.2%) and Culex pipiens (16.8%). Anopheles sinensis were collected at the same level while Culex tritaeniorhynchus decreased by 6.2% in 2000. The weekly population densities for some species were variable for each of the years, apparently as a result of changing weather conditions.
Comparison of IRMPD, Ar-tagging and IRLAPS for vibrational spectroscopy of Ag+(CH3OH)

Abstract Gas-phase Ag + (CH 3 OH) molecules are produced in a laser ablation source, cooled in a supersonic expansion and their vibrational spectrum is measured by photofragment spectroscopy in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Three techniques – infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD), argon-tagging, and infrared laser-assisted photodissociation spectroscopy (IRLAPS) – are used to measure the vibrational spectra of ions produced under identical conditions. The sharpest spectrum is obtained using IRLAPS, a two-color scheme in which a tunable OPO/OPA infrared laser excites the O–H stretch and a TEA-CO 2 laser dissociates the vibrationally excited ions via absorbing multiple C–O stretch photons. The O–H stretch is observed at 3660 cm −1 . Monitoring loss of argon from Ag + (CH 3 OH)(Ar) gives a slightly broader peak, with no significant shift. The vibrational spectrum obtained using IRMPD is shifted to 3635 cm −1 , is substantially broader, and is asymmetrical, tailing to the red. Analysis of the experimental results is aided by comparison with hybrid density functional theory computed harmonic and anharmonic frequencies.
Conventional Classrooms, “Open” Classrooms and the Technology of Teaching∗

∗Prepared as a background paper for the Benton Seminar, “ReconceivingClassrooms”,Department of Education, University of Chicago, November 1972.
The clinical genetics of Pick's disease

The families of 11 probands with Pick's disease as determined by histopathological examination, were investigated by interview and acquisition of medical records. The estimated morbid risk was 0.25 +/- 0.08 for parents and 0.07 +/- 0.07 for siblings or probands. Further analyses are presented that seek associations between morbid risk and age, sex and age of onset. Data needed for genetic counseling are included.
A Vital Role for Ape1/Ref1 Protein in Repairing Spontaneous DNA Damage in Human Cells

Discovered as a DNA repair protein, Ape1 has been associated with other functions, notably redox regulation of transcription factors (Ref1 activity). Because deletion of the mouse gene produces embryonic lethality and stable Ape1-deficient cell lines have not been reported, there has been uncertainty about a possible vital cellular function of Ape1. We addressed this issue by using RNA interference (RNAi) in several human cell types. Strong downregulation of Ape1 stopped cell proliferation and activated apoptosis, which was correlated with accumulation of abasic DNA damage. These effects were reversed by expression of yeast Apn1 protein, which is structurally unrelated to Ape1 but shares enzymatic activity in repair of abasic sites (AP endonuclease). Because Apn1 would lack Ref1 activity or the protein interactions of Ape1, we conclude that the AP endonuclease activity is essential for cellular viability. Accumulation of abasic DNA damage from intrinsic sources appears sufficient to trigger cell death when Ape1-mediated repair is deficient.
Glacial terminations in the oxygen isotope record of deep sea cores: hypothesis of massive Antarctic ice-shelf destruction

Abstract Glacial Terminations I and II in the deep-sea core foraminiferal oxygen isotope ratios, though not similar in form, are each characterized by a short interval of about 3 ka during which a large negative change occurred in the ratios. After correcting for temperature effects, we estimate that each change was equivalent to a glacial disintegration capable of causing a 50–60 m eustatic sea-level rise. In the Termination I interval, 16-13 ka B.P., the estimated equivalent sea-level rise is much larger than that suggested by the best evidence of deglacial ice loss from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (which is thought to dominate Pleistocene glacial ice volume changes). Moreover, in Termination II, about 125 ka B.P., the estimated equivalent sea-level rise is much larger than that inferred from the stratigraphy of coral reefs and beaches on New Guinea and other locations which suggests quite high sea-levels for 10 ka prior to this termination. To reconcile these severely conflicting lines of evidence, we propose that the rapid negative isotope ratio changes were largely caused by the disintegration of massive, floating Antarctic ice-shelves which masqueraded as land ice in the oceanic isotope ratios, but which contributed no sea-level change. We propose that such shelves were formed when oceanic circulation changes in the North Atlantic under glacial conditions greatly reduced the formation of relatively warmer North Atlantic Deep Water and its injection into circumpolar Antarctic regions, and that the shelves disintegrated rapidly with the resumption of large scale formation of this deep water and its input into the Antarctic. We find that high sea-levels in the 125–135 ka B.P. interval prior to Termination II (which imply very little Northern ice then) are well supported by dated coral reef stratigraphy, although these ages were not accepted by the CLIMAP study of the last interglacial ocean. Minimal Northern ice volumes at that time imply that strong Milankovitch summer insolation is not always required for Northern deglaciation. A promising additional deglacial mechanism is the prolonged viscous depression of the crust beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet combined with atmospheric—oceanic circulation factors.
Evaluating a dynamic process model of wellbeing for parents of children with disabilities: a multi-method analysis.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible determinants of parent wellbeing using a contextual model of parent adjustment. METHOD One hundred forty parents of children with various disabilities (i.e., autism, intellectual disabilities, and other health impairments) participated in this investigation. Parents completed a survey consisting of basic demographic characteristics of the parent, child-disability characteristics, parent problem solving ability, access to information and resources, environmental/social supports, appraisals of threat and growth, and measures of life satisfaction and physical/mental health. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test a hypothesized contextual model of parent wellbeing. RESULTS Results indicated strong fit to the a priori model. After controlling for the contribution of parent demographic variables, the largest contributors to the prediction of parent wellbeing were parent problem solving ability, access to resources, environmental/social supports, and parent appraisals of threat. Child functional impairment was not significantly associated with parent wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Access to resources and environmental/social supports have a greater direct effect on parent wellbeing than parent and child demographic variables and disability severity. Threat appraisals have direct and mediating effects on parent wellbeing. Implications related to the importance of resources and environmental/social supports, appraisals of threat and growth, and problem solving abilities on the wellbeing of parents of children with disabilities are discussed.
Congenital megaileocolon (basketball bowel) with teratoma

Abstract A case of congenital megaileocolon is presented. Concomitant anomalies are discussed to suggest a reasonable embryologic mechanism for its development.
Trichomonas vaginalis: characterization of its glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abstract An NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4) was found in the soluble fraction of Trichomonas vaginalis . Its molecular weight was about 230,000 (gel filtration). The enzyme, partially purified by diafiltration and hydroxyapatite column chromatography, was heat stable (1 hr at 57 C). It catalyzed both the amination of α-ketoglutarate (mean K m 0.6 m M ) and the deamination of glutamate (mean K m 1.2 m M ) The optimum pH of the amination reaction was 6.7, and that of the deamination reaction was 8. Glutamate was a competitive inhibitor of the amination reaction (mean K i 5.6 m M ) and α-ketoglutarate a partially competitive inhibitor of the deamination reaction (mean K i 0.45 m M ). Both guanosine and inosine diphosphates (1 m M ) increased the K m α-ketoglutarate fivefold (mean K i 's 0.3 and 0.4 m M , respectively). Guanosine diphosphate reduced the K m glutamate 40%. Adenosine di- and triphosphates (1 m M ) were ineffective. Because the amination reaction displayed substrate inhibition, guanosine and inosine diphosphates were potent natural inhibitors, and ammonia released by deamination reactions would tend to raise pH (amination operative at acid pH), we hypothesize that the deamination reaction may predominate in the living organism.
Analyzing the Clinical and Competitive Impact of Telemedicine -Experience with Treating Parkinson Disease Patients via Telemedicine

We study the competitive impact of a recently introduced telemedicine practice for the care of patients with Parkinson Disease. Our initial clinical results have shown that such care is feasible, and it produces results which are on par, or superior to conventional in-person visits. In this paper we further investigate the competitive impact of Telemedicine on the Neurology Specialists. We investigate the impact of telemedicine on patients' choices, physicians' volume mix and overall load, hospitals' market share, and the role of technology adoption subsidies. We derive some general conditions under which Telemedicine not only increases access to remote patients, but also increases the catchment area for the first-mover hospital which sets up Telemedicine at the cost of its neighbors' market share. Our results also explain why the (relatively) more mobile patients will benefit the most from technology adoption subsidies by the hospital, and how community hospitals could help with this effort.
Isolation and restraint in juvenile correctional facilities.

ABSTRACT Although mental health and correctional programs for juveniles house similar populations, their approaches to behavioral management can be quite different. This difference is evident in the use of isolation and restraint. Both of these interventions are effective behavioral management tools but are subject to abuse if not closely monitored. The authors, drawing from their experiences as mental health consultants to juvenile correctional programs and as expert witnesses in litigation, review the wide range of isolation and restraint practices in correctional programs and make recommendations for supervision and standardization.
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

K ATP channels are generally cardioprotective under conditions of metabolic impairment, consisting of pore-forming (Kir6.1 and/or Kir6.2) and sulphonylurea-binding, modulatory subunits [sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1, 2A, or 2B]. Cardiovascular K ATP channels are generally thought to consist of Kir6.2/SUR2A subunits (in the case of heart muscle) or Kir6.1/SUR2B subunits (smooth muscle), whereas SUR1-containing channels have well-documented roles in pancreatic insulin release. Recent data, however, demonstrated the presence of SUR1 subunits in mouse cardiac tissue (particularly in atria) and a surprising protection from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in SUR1-null mice. Here, we review some of the extra-pancreatic roles assigned to SUR1 subunits and consider whether these might be involved in the sequelae of ischemia/reperfusion.
Stable Isotope Analysis of Modern Human Hair Collected From Asia (China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan)

We report isotopic data (d 2 H, d 18 O n 5 196; d 13 C, d 15 N n 5 142; d 34 S n 5 85) from human hair and drinking water (d 2 H, d 18 O n 5 67) collected across China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan. Hair isotope ratios reflected the large environmental isotopic gradients and dietary differences. Geographic informa- tion was recorded in H and O and to a lesser extent, S isotopes. H and O data were entered into a recently developed model describing the relationship between the H and O isotope composition of human hair and drinking water in modern USA and pre-globalized populations. This has anthropological and forensic applications including reconstructing environment and diet in modern and ancient human hair. However, it has not been applied to a modern population outside of the USA, where we expect different diet. Relationships between H and O isotope ratios in drinking water and hair of modern human populations in Asia were different to both modern USA and pre-globalized populations. However, the Asian dataset was closer to the modern USA than to pre-globalized populations. Model parame- ters suggested slightly higher consumption of locally produced foods in our sampled population than modern USA residents, but lower than pre-globalized popula- tions. The degree of in vivo amino acid synthesis was comparable to both the modern USA and pre-globalized populations. C isotope ratios reflected the predominantly C3-based regional agriculture and C4 consumption in northern China. C, N, and S isotope ratios supported marine food consumption in some coastal locales. N iso- tope ratios suggested a relatively low consumption of animal-derived products compared to western popula- tions. Am J Phys Anthropol 141:440-451, 2010. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of desmethylmisonidazole-induced neurotoxicity in the rat using brainstem auditory evoked potentials☆

Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAEPs) and a scale that evaluates clinical signs of neurotoxicity were used to measure the onset of neurotoxic effects seen in rats after chronic injection of 400 mg/kg/day of the radiosensitizer desmethylmisonidazole (DMM) for 5 days/week for 7 weeks. A significant neurotoxic effect was indicated by increases in the latencies of peaks 4 and 5 of the BAEP after the 24th injection of DMM; clinical signs of neurotoxicity were observed after the 30th injection. Histologic examination of brainstems from rats sacrificed after selected number of injections during treatment showed that the onset of lesions in the brainstem was gradual but not extensive. Pentobarbital used as an anesthetic agent had no effect on the induction of neurotoxicity.
DCAMKL1 Encodes a Protein Kinase with Homology to Doublecortin that Regulates Microtubule Polymerization

Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein required for neuronal migration to the cerebral cortex. DCAMKL1 consists of an N terminus that is 65% similar to DCX throughout the entire length of DCX, but also contains an additional 360 amino acid C-terminal domain encoding a putative Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. The homology to DCX suggested that DCAMKL1 may regulate microtubules, as well as mediate a phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction pathway. Here we show that DCAMKL1 is expressed throughout the CNS and PNS in migrating neuronal populations and overlaps in its expression with DCX and microtubules. Purified DCAMKL1 associates with microtubules and stimulates polymerization of purified tubulin and the formation of aster-like microtubule structures. Overexpressed DCAMKL1 leads to striking microtubule bundling in cell lines and cultured primary neural cells. Time-lapse imaging of cells transfected with a DCAMKL1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein shows that the microtubules associated with the protein remain dynamic. DCAMKL1 also encodes a functional kinase capable of phosphorylating myelin basic protein and itself. However, elimination of the kinase activity of DCAMKL1 has no detectable effect on its microtubule polymerization activity. Because DCAMKL1 is coexpressed with DCX, the two proteins form a potentially mutually regulatory network linking calcium signaling and microtubule dynamics.
A customizable voltage behind reactance squirrel cage induction machine model for PSCAD/EMTDC

Electromagnetic transient programs such as PSCAD/EMTDC provides engineers and researchers with the ability to model power systems quickly and efficiently. When modeling custom motor installations users may find the included motor models to be inadequate for their modeling case due to limitations in configurability of winding connections. In the interest of producing a model which behaves similarly to a real machine, and creating the most efficient interface between the network and machine several methods have been developed. Recently a voltage behind reactance method has been proposed for modeling machines that has been shown to have improved performance over traditional methods. This paper presents the theory behind the construction and documents the implementation of a voltage behind reactance machine model in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. Special attention is paid to areas where the model can be customized by future users. Details regarding the layout and design of the model in PSCAD/EMTDC and a comparison of results to the asynchronous machine of the SimPowerSystems package for Simulink are given as well.
The SMRT Corepressor Is Regulated by a MEK-1 Kinase Pathway: Inhibition of Corepressor Function Is Associated with SMRT Phosphorylation and Nuclear Export

The SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor) corepressor participates in the repression of target gene expression by a variety of transcription factors, including the nuclear hormone receptors, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein, and B-cell leukemia protein 6. The ability of SMRT to associate with these transcription factors and thereby to mediate repression is strongly inhibited by activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, such as that represented by the epidermal growth factor receptor. We report here that SMRT function is potently inhibited by a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAPKKK) cascade that operates downstream of this growth factor receptor. Intriguingly, the SMRT protein is a substrate for phosphorylation by protein kinases operating at multiple levels in this MAPKKK pathway, including the MAPKs, MAPK–extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (MEK-1), and MEK-1 kinase (MEKK-1). Phosphorylation of SMRT by MEKK-1 and, to a lesser extent, MEK-1 inhibits the ability of SMRT to physically tether to its transcription factor partners. Notably, activation of MEKK-1 or MEK-1 signaling in transfected cells also leads to a redistribution of the SMRT protein from a nuclear compartment to a more perinuclear or cytoplasmic compartment. We suggest that SMRT-mediated repression is regulated by the MAPKKK cascade and that changes both in the affinity of SMRT for its transcription factors and in the subcellular distribution of SMRT contribute to the loss of SMRT function that is observed in response to kinase signal transduction.