cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR mRNA EXPRESSION IN RAT BRAIN: IMPLICATIONS FOR BEHAVIORAL INTEGRATION AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS

Abstract The nonapeptide, oxytocin (OT), has been implicated in a wide range of physiological, behavioral and pharmacological effects related to learning and memory, parturition and lactation, maternal and sexual behavior, and the formation of social attachments. Specific G-protein linked membrane bound OT receptors mediate OTs effects. The unavailability of highly selective pharmacological ligands that discriminate the OT receptor from the highly homologous vasopressin receptors (V1a, V1b and V2 subtypes) has made it difficult to confirm specific effects of oxytocin, particularly in brain regions where OT and multiple AVP receptor subtypes may be coexpressed. Here, data on the oxytocin receptor (OTR) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) localization in brain are presented in the context of a model that proposes a reproductive state-dependent role for steroid-hormone restructuring of neural circuits, and a role for oxytocin in the integration of neural transmission in pathways subserving: (1) steroid-sensitive reproductive behaviors; (2) learning; and (3) reinforcement. It is hypothesized that social attachments emerge as a consequence of a conditioned association between OT-related activity in these pathways and the eliciting stimulus. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thromboangiitis obliterans in the Negro: Report of a case and review of the literature

Abstract A case of thromboangiitis obliterans occurring in a Negro is described. A review of all previous reports of this uncommon combination is presented. Viewpoints on what constitutes adequate pathologic evidence of this condition are considered, and treatment is discussed in relation to the sequence of pathologic changes.
A sharp form of Nevanlinna's second fundamental theorem

Letf be meromorphic in the plane. We find a sharp upper bound for the error term $$S(r,f) = m(r,f) + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^q {m(r,a_i ,f)} + N_1 (r,f) - 2T(r,f)$$ in Nevanlinna's second fundamental theorem. For any positive increasing functions ϕ(t)/t andp(t) with $$\int\limits_1^\infty {dt/\varphi (t)}< \infty $$ and $$\int\limits_1^\infty {dt/p(t)} = \infty $$ we have $$S\left( {r,f} \right) \leqq \log ^ + \left\{ {\frac{{\varphi \left( {T\left( {r,f} \right)} \right)}}{{p\left( r \right)}}} \right\} + O\left( 1 \right)$$ asr→∞ outside a setE with $$\int\limits_E {dr/p(r)}< \infty $$ . Further if ψ(t)/t is positive and increasing and $$\int\limits_1^\infty {dt/} \psi (t) = \infty $$ then there is an entiref such thatS(r, f)≧logψ(T(r, f)) outside a set of finite linear measure. We also prove analogous results for functions meromorphic in a disk.
An algebraic approach to the time-optimal output regulator†

The time-optimal output regulator is considered for a special class of linear time-invariant discrete-time systems. It is shown that a simple state feedback law achieves time-optimal output regulator response in one sampling period. For a square system, the state feedback law always assigns the invariant zeros as closed-loop poles. For a non-square system, time-optimal regulator response is achieved even if the set of invariant zeros is empty. If the set of invariant zeros is not empty, the control law always assigns these zeros as closed-loop poles. The method of this paper, for the discrete system described by the state and output equations x(k + 1) = Ax(k) + Bu(k) and z(k) = Cx(k), does not require that A be invertible and that the open-loop system S(A, B, C) be state controllable. Furthermore, the only requirement is the existence of a right inverse for the matrix CB which is sufficient for output controllability.
The threshold analysis of SVD-based algorithms

The problem of analyzing the threshold effect of signal processing algorithms which use the singular-value decomposition (SVD) is addressed. The probability of obtaining an outlier is calculated and used to determine the threshold SNR at which the variance of parameter estimation errors depart from Cramer-Rao bound behavior. Simulation results using low rank approximation and linear prediction for frequency estimation verify the analysis. The same method of analysis can be applied to a broad class of parameter-estimation methods in which the principal-component technique or low rank approximations to matrices are used. >
Bcr-Abl-Mediated Protection from Apoptosis Downstream of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release

Bcr-Abl, activated in chronic myelogenous leukemias, is a potent cell death inhibitor. Previous reports have shown that Bcr-Abl prevents apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. We report here that Bcr-Abl also inhibits caspase activation after the release of cytochrome c. Bcr-Abl inhibited caspase activation by cytochrome c added to cell-free lysates and prevented apoptosis when cytochrome c was microinjected into intact cells. Bcr-Abl acted posttranslationally to prevent the cytochrome c-induced binding of Apaf-1 to procaspase 9. Although Bcr-Abl prevented interaction of endogenous Apaf-1 with the recombinant prodomain of caspase 9, it did not affect the association of endogenous caspase 9 with the isolated Apaf-1 caspase recruitment domain (CARD) or Apaf-1 lacking WD-40 repeats. These data suggest that Apaf-1 recruitment of caspase 9 is faulty in the presence of Bcr-Abl and that cytochrome c/dATP-induced exposure of the Apaf-1 CARD is likely defective. These data provide a novel locus of Bcr-Abl antiapoptotic action and suggest a distinct mechanism of apoptosomal inhibition.
YliH (BssR) and YceP (BssS) Regulate Escherichia coli K-12 Biofilm Formation by Influencing Cell Signaling

We previously discovered that yliH and yceP are induced in Escherichia coli biofilms (D. Ren, L. A. Bedzyk, S. M. Thomas, R. W. Ye, and T. K. Wood, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 64:515-524, 2004). Here, it is shown that deletion of yceP (b1060) and yliH (b0836) increases biofilm formation in continuous-flow chambers with minimal glucose medium by increasing biofilm mass (240- to 290-fold), surface coverage (16- to 31-fold), and mean thickness (2,800-fold). To determine the genetic basis of the increase in biofilm formation, we examined the differential gene expression profile in biofilms for both the mutants relative to the wild-type strain in rich medium with glucose and found that 372 to 882 genes were induced and that 76 to 337 were repressed consistently >2-fold (P ≤ 0.05). The increase in biofilm formation was related to differential expression of genes related to stress response (8 to 64 genes) for both mutants, including rpoS and sdiA. More importantly, 42 to 130 genes related to autoinducer 2 cell signaling were also differentially expressed, including gadAB and flgBCEGHIJLMN, as well as signaling through indole, since 17 to 26 indole-related genes were differentially expressed, including phoAER, gltBD, mtr (encodes protein for indole import), and acrEF (encodes proteins for indole export). Increased biofilm formation in the yliH and yceP mutants in LB supplemented with 0.2% glucose (LB glu) occurred through a reduction in extracellular and intracellular indole concentrations in both mutants (50- to 140-fold), and the addition of indole to the culture restored the wild-type biofilm phenotype; hence, indole represses biofilms. Additionally, both mutants regulate biofilms through quorum sensing, since deletion of either yliH or yceP increased extracellular autoinducer 2 concentrations 50-fold when grown in complex medium (most notably in the stationary phase). Both proteins are involved in motility regulation, since YliH (127 amino acids) and YceP (84 amino acids) repressed motility two to sevenfold (P ≤ 0.05) in LB, and YceP repressed motility sevenfold (P ≤ 0.05) in LB glu. Heightened motility in the yceP mutant occurred, due to increased transcription of the flagella and motility loci, including fliC, motA, and qseB (3- to 86-fold). We propose new names for these two loci: bssR for yliH and bssS for yceP, based on the phrase “regulator of biofilm through signal secretion.”
Cord blood angiogenic progenitor cells are decreased in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of prematurity, is associated with impaired vascular and alveolar growth. Antenatal factors contribute to the risk for developing BPD by unclear mechanisms. Endothelial progenitor cells, such as angiogenic circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and late-outgrowth endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), may contribute to angiogenesis in the developing lung. We hypothesise that cord blood angiogenic CPCs and ECFCs are decreased in preterm infants with moderate and severe BPD. We quantified ECFCs and the CPC/nonangiogenic-CPC ratio (CPC/non-CPC) in cord blood samples from 62 preterm infants and assessed their relationships to maternal and perinatal risk factors as well as BPD severity. The CPC/non-CPC ratio and ECFC number were compared between preterm infants with mild or no BPD and those with moderate or severe BPD. ECFC number (p<0.001) and CPC/non-CPC ratio (p<0.05) were significantly decreased in cord blood samples of preterm infants who subsequently developed moderate or severe BPD. Gestational age and birth weight were not associated with either angiogenic marker. Circulating vascular progenitor cells are decreased in the cord blood of preterm infants who develop moderate and severe BPD. These findings suggest that prenatal factors contribute to late respiratory outcomes in preterm infants.
PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELD: Ethics and Economics: A Unique Opportunity for NAEP Members

As a member of the National Association of Environmental Professionals (NAEP)—and interested in the subject of ethics—of course you realize that economic factors figure into every project, one way or another.
Testing Multilevel Mediation Using Hierarchical Linear Models Problems and Solutions

Testing multilevel mediation using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) has gained tremendous popularity in recent years. However, potential confounding in multilevel mediation effect estimates can arise in these models when within-group effects differ from between-group effects. This study summarizes three types of HLM-based multilevel mediation models, and then explains that in two types of these models confounding can be produced and erroneous conclusions may be derived when using popularly recommended procedures. A Monte Carlo simulation study illustrates that these procedures can underestimate or overestimate true mediation effects. Recommendations are provided for appropriately testing multilevel mediation and for differentiating within-group versus between-group effects in multilevel settings.
Arthrofibrosis in acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction The effect of timing of reconstruction and rehabilitation

Arthrofibrosis is a potential complication of acute ACL reconstruction. Arthrofibrosis prevents the patient from regaining full range of motion, particularly the terminal 5 degrees of full extension, postoperatively. We did a retrospective study of 169 acute ACL reconstructions in a population of young athletes (average age, 22 years). We sought to determine the optimal time to perform acute ACL reconstruction with respect to arthrofibrosis and the effects of an accelerated versus conventional rehabilitation program. The short-term results were evaluated by range of motion measurements and 13 week Cybex scores. Patients whose ligaments were reconstructed within the 1st week after injury (Group I) had a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increased incidence of arthrofibrosis (limited extension, scar tissue) over patients who had ACL reconstruction delayed 21 days or more (Group III). At 13 weeks after the reconstruction procedure, Group III patients scored an average of 70% (compared to 51% for Group I, P less than 0.05) on the Cybex evaluation. They also showed a trend toward more flexion of the knee as well as near full extension. Patients who had an ACL reconstruction between 8 and 21 days after injury (Group II) had a similar incidence of arthrofibrosis as Group I when they followed a conventional rehabilitation program postoperatively. However, only a small number of cases (approximately 4%) of Group II patients who followed an accelerated postoperative rehabilitation program had any arthrofibrosis--an observation we also made in the Group III patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Implementation of a vision-screening program in rural northeastern United States

Rural populations comprise almost 20% of the US population and face unique barriers in receiving health care. We describe the implementation of a medical student-run free vision-screening clinic as a strategy to overcome barriers in accessing eye care in New Hampshire and Vermont.Medical students were trained by an ophthalmologist to administer screening eye examinations. Patients from New Hampshire and Vermont were enrolled through a free community clinic. Screening included a questionnaire, distance and near visual acuity, extraocular movements, confrontational visual fields, and Amsler grid. Patients who met predetermined screening criteria were referred to an ophthalmologist or optometrist for further evaluation. Data including patient demographics, appointment attendance, level of education, and diagnoses were recorded and analyzed.Of 103 patients (mean age of 45.5±12.3 years, 63% female), 74/103 (72%) were referred for further evaluation, and 66/74 (89%) attended their referral appointments. Abnormal ophthalmologic examination findings were observed in 58/66 (88%) patients who attended their referral appointment. Uncorrected refractive error was the most common primary diagnosis in 38% of referred patients. Other diagnoses included glaucoma suspect (21%), retinal diseases (8%), amblyopia (8%), cataract (6%), others (6%), and normal examination (12%). Of the 8/74 (11%) referred patients who did not attend their appointments, reasons included patient cancellation of appointment, work conflicts, or forgetfulness. Patients traveled a mean distance of 16.6 miles (range: 0-50 miles) to attend screening examinations. Mean time for patients' last effort to seek eye care was 7.1 years (range: 1-54 years).This study underscores the high prevalence of unmet eye care needs in a rural population. Furthermore, it demonstrates that using community health centers as a patient base for screening can yield a high referral attendance rate for this at-risk population and facilitate entrance into the eye care system in a rural setting.
Measuring persistence in the presence of trend breaks: The case of US GNP

Abstract Measures of output persistence vary between the studies of Campbell and Mankiw (1987) and Cochrane (1988) mainly because of the use of per capita versus real GNP data and annual versus quarterly observations. I show that the existence of trend breaks in both the GNP and the population series can explain the different findings for per capital and real GNP data.
P2P-based infrastructure for efficient communication service in large scale IP networks

Communication service over the Internet has become an active research area, as the next generation Internet applications are requiring the integration of voice, video and data in the single IP infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a P2P-based architecture to efficiently provide communication service in large scale IP networks. By demonstrating the efficiency, two features are studied: one is the efficient communication software distribution feature and the other is the efficient conference feature.
Parametrized Plane Curves

We start with some definitions. Definition 1.1. A (parametrized plane) curve is a continuous mapping m : I → ℝ2, where I = [a, b] is an interval. The curve m is closed if m(a) = m(b). A curve m is a Jordan curve if it is closed and m has no self-intersection: m(x) = m(y) only for x = y or {x, y} = {a, b}. The curve is piecewise C 1 if m has everywhere left and right derivatives, which coincide except at a finite number of points. The range of a curve m is the set m([a, b]). It will be denoted R m. Notice that we have defined curves as functions over bounded intervals. Their range must therefore be a compact subset of ℝ2 (this forbids, in particular, curves with unbounded branches).
A Method of Projecting Star Images Having Coma and Astigmatism

After a brief theoretical introduction, the procedure for plotting the sections of an imaging cone from a point source, for one single zone of a lens in the presence of one or more aberrations is explained. The process is much simplified by a convenient graphical construction. A method is then described for projecting the sections due to coma and astigmatism on a screen so that they may be shown to a class. Photographs are included in the paper which show how remarkably the projected sections agree with the theoretically computed figures.
Evaluation of tryptophan requirement of the commercial layer by using a corn-soybean meal basal diet.

Abstract An experiment was conduced with Hy-Line W36 hens to evaluate the requirement for Trp in a corn-soybean meal diet. Seven experimental diets were fed with Trp levels of 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17 and 0.18%. Supplemental amino acids (AA) were added to all diets to ensure that Trp was the first-limiting AA. A positive control diet (0.20% Trp) with Met supplementation was fed that had previously been shown to support maximum performance. Egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), and egg content (EC) were significantly increased by the addition of Trp to the basal diet. Broken-line regression indicated the Trp requirement for EP and EC was 139.8 and 149.0 mg per hen/d, respectively, for EP and EC when hens had a daily EC of 45.4 g per hen/d.
The End of Affirmative Action in Washington State and Its Impact on the Transition from High School to College

Changes in affirmative action policies in some states create possibilities for “natural experiments” to observe the effect of public policy on racial and ethnic inequality in American society. This study measured the impact of Initiative 200, a ballot measure that eliminated affirmative action in Washington State, on the transition from high school to college. As of 1999, the year after I-200 passed, the proportion of minority high school seniors who went to college in Washington State decreased temporarily. The impact of I-200 was registered almost entirely at the University of Washington, the flagship public institution in the state. This decrease, however, stemmed less from changes in minority admission rates than from declines in application rates. Affirmative action programs may provide a signal of an institutional “welcoming environment” that serves as a counterweight to the normal reluctance of prospective students to apply to institutions that may be perceived as intimidating. Although the impact ...
Mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial peptides in staphylococci

Staphylococci are commensal bacteria living on the epithelial surfaces of humans and other mammals. Many staphylococci, including the dangerous pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, can cause severe disease when they breach the epithelial barrier. Both during their commensal life and during infection, staphylococci need to evade mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a key role in particular on the skin. Mechanisms that staphylococci have developed to evade the bactericidal activity of AMPs are manifold, comprising repulsion of AMPs via alteration of cell wall and membrane surface charges, proteolytic inactivation, sequestration, and secretion. Furthermore, many staphylococci form biofilms, which represents an additional way of protection from antimicrobial agents, including AMPs. Finally, staphylococci can sense the presence of AMPs by sensor/regulator systems that control many of those resistance mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides.
The case for a hybrid p2p search infrastructure

Popular P2P file-sharing systems like Gnutella and Kazaa use unstructured network designs. These networks typically adopt flooding-based search techniques to locate files. While flooding-based techniques are effective for locating highly replicated items, they are poorly suited for locating rare items. As an alternative, a wide variety of structured P2P networks such as distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been recently proposed. Structured networks can efficiently locate rare items, but they incur significantly higher overheads than unstructured P2P networks for popular files. Through extensive measurements of the Gnutella network from multiple vantage points, we argue for a hybrid search solution, where structured search techniques are used to index and locate rare items, and flooding techniques are used for locating highly replicated content. To illustrate, we present experimental results of a prototype implementation that runs at multiple sites on PlanetLab and participates live on the Gnutella network.
Matrix Properties and Operations

In this chapter you will learn about matrix algebra. Of all the chapters in the book, this one has the most terms to memorize. Learning matrix algebra is a bit like learning a new language, and the only way to understand the language is to immerse yourself in the terminology until it becomes familiar. I promise that the time you invest will be time well spent and that the remaining chapters won’t be as dense. I also strongly encourage you to perform all of the analyses yourself using a spreadsheet. The best way to understand anything is by doing it, and you will walk away with a much deeper appreciation for the material if you take the time to make the calculations come alive.
Influence of food restriction on neuropeptide-Y, proopiomelanocortin, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone gene expression in sheep hypothalami.

Chronic food restriction decreases secretion of LH as a result of inhibitory influences on secretion of LHRH. We have previously reported that neuropeptide-Y (NPY) may directly or indirectly mediate this inhibitory effect on LHRH secretion. In the study reported here, we tested the hypothesis that long-term food restriction suppresses tonic release of LH as a result of 1) an increase in biosynthetic activity of NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, 2) an increase in activity of neurons that secrete -endorphin, and 3) a decrease in biosynthesis of LHRH. To test predictions of the hypothesis, we compared levels of mRNA encoding NPY, proopiomelanocortin (POMC; the precursor peptide of P-endorphin), and LHRH, as well as tonic secretion of LH in food-restricted and well-nourished ewe lambs. Ten ewe lambs were ovariectomized at 18 wk of age and randomly assigned to receive either 100% nutritional requirements (FED; n = 5), or 30% requirements (R; n = 5) between 18 and 25 wk of age. At 25 wk of age, blood samples were taken every 10 min for 6 h and assayed for LH. The tonic release of LH in R lambs was less than that of FED lambs. Hypothalami were collected 4 days after blood sampling and sectioned at 12 pm for use in in situ hybridization. Radiolabeled molecular probes specific for mRNAs encoding NPY, POMC, or LHRH were hybridized to hypothalamic tissue sections. Levels of NPY mRNA were 88% greater in R vs. FED lambs (p < 0.01), whereas levels of POMC mRNA were 52% lower in R vs. FED lambs (p < 0.01). Mean cellular levels of mRNA encoding LHRH did not differ between R and FED lambs. Although the inhibitory effects of food restriction on secretion of LH may be mediated by NPY, it is unlikely that P-endorphin is a major inhibitory influence on LHRH neurons during undernutrition. Our results also provide further evidence that inhibition of LH secretion in food-restricted lambs does not involve decreased biosynthesis of LHRH.
Brain, mind, and behavior: A new perspective on human nature by David L. Robinson, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1996. 192 pp.

“3. For the first time, it has been possible to map out in a clear and unambiguous manner the neurological determinants of the major dimensions of personality and to show, after more than two millennia, the essential validity of the fourfold classification of temperaments into the melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic, and choleric types. “4. The same fundamental dimensions of neurological variation determine the ‘structure’ of intelligence, and with this new knowledge, it is possible to reconcile earlier conflicting notions of intelligence structure proposed by Spearman and Cattell. “9. Reference to the new theory demonstrates how Freud was led to erroneous conclusions, and alternative explanations are provided for the chief phenomena of chief interest to him. “15. No less important than the medical and educational applications, there is a sure and certain basis for providing vocational guidance and for the determination of employee selection criteria which would guarantee major improvements in human resource management.”
Modeling and learning contact dynamics in human motion

We propose a simple model of human motion as a switching linear dynamical system where the switches correspond to contact forces with the ground. This significantly improves the modeling performance when compared to simpler linear systems, with only marginal increase in complexity. We introduce a novel closed-form (non-iterative) algorithm to estimate the switches and learn the model parameters in between switches. We validate our model qualitatively by running simulations, and quantitatively by computing prediction errors that show significant improvements over previous approaches using linear models.
Electrocardiographic method for identifying moxifloxacin-induced ventricular repolarization abnormalities

We developed a new technique for the measurements of repolarization abnormalities from surface ECGs; this method improves sensitivity and specificity of the current technique used to identify the presence of a drug called moxifloxacin. This drug is used as a positive control compound in clinical studies investigating the level of drug cardiotoxicity related to the ventricular repolarization process. We describe a new technology and the preliminary results revealing the superiority of our technique in comparison to QT interval prolongation. This technology may play an important role in the future of drug-safety assessment.
Preserving Heritage and the Values of Exchange: Lessons from Nigeria

Research on heritage preservation in Africa shows a field shaped by different and often opposite positions as to the actual meaning of heritage. Does heritage signify valuable remnants of the past that require safeguarding and protection? Or, is heritage first and foremost a contemporary practice by which the past comes to matter in the present? This paper aims to link and negotiate between these two positions. The empirical basis stems from my own research on how the sacred grove of the Yoruba river deity Osun in Southwest Nigeria became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Drawing on the insights of this research, I argue that heritage is a relationship embedded in spheres of exchange that generate both moral and material forms of value. Conceiving heritage as exchange, so I contend, not only allows for a better understanding of the multiple values of heritage; it also sharpens interest in the struggles of control over the media of exchange. This paper examines these struggles with respect to the different spheres of exchange (local, national, and global) in which the grove of the river goddess Osun is entangled.
Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations for Prosthetic Joint Infections: Sonication and New Gram-Positive Agents

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but serious and catastrophic complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Culturing the causative microorganism can be difficult especially in the setting of biofilm formation or antibiotic exposure. In culture-positive cases, Staphylococcal species continue to be the most common organisms isolated. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of sonication to increase the yield of periprosthetic cultures as well as new treatment options for gram-positive organisms. As the percentage of patients who undergo TJA continues to grow, we must continue to optimize our diagnostic and treatment options of PJIs.
Can Your Genes “Make You Do It”?

A friend used to say “I don’t gamble because I have an addictive personality.” She felt that she was somehow predisposed to lose volitional control over her gambling. Indeed, curiosity about a putative genetic predisposition to addiction has not been restricted to a few would-be gambling addicts. It is estimated that 40–60% of the “addiction” trait is controlled by gene products (Uhl, 2004). For example, the risk of becoming an alcoholic is elevated five- to eightfold if a primary relative is an alcoholic (Merikangas et al., 1998). For twins, genetically identical pairs show more sharing of alcoholism than fraternal twin pairs (Prescott & Kendler, 1999). But what are the genes implicated in addiction? The thirst for understanding of, and potentially treatment for, addiction has pressured many to jump hastily to the conclusion that “THE” addiction gene has been identified. But it is clear that addiction, like any complex behavioral trait, is influenced by MANY genes …
Orbital-free extension to Kohn-Sham density functional theory equation of state calculations: Application to silicon dioxide

The liquid regime equation of state of silicon dioxide ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ is calculated via quantum molecular dynamics in the density range of $5\text{--}15\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ and with temperatures from 0.5 to 100 eV, including the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz and stishovite phase Hugoniot curves. Below 8 eV calculations are based on Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT), and above 8 eV a new orbital-free DFT formulation, presented here, based on matching Kohn-Sham DFT calculations is employed. Recent experimental shock data are found to be in very good agreement with the current results. Finally both experimental and simulation data are used in constructing a new liquid regime equation of state table for ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$.
Amphibious auditory evoked potentials in four North American Testudines genera spanning the aquatic–terrestrial spectrum

Animals exhibit unique hearing adaptations in relation to the habitat media in which they reside. This study was a comparative analysis of auditory specialization in relation to habitat medium in Testudines, a taxon that includes both highly aquatic and fully terrestrial members. Evoked potential audiograms were collected in four species groups representing diversity along the aquatic–terrestrial spectrum: terrestrial and fossorial Gopherus polyphemus, terrestrial Terrapene carolina carolina, and aquatic Trachemys scripta and Sternotherus (S. odoratus and S. minor). Additionally, underwater sensitivity was tested in T. c. carolina, T. scripta, and Sternotherus with tympana submerged just below the water surface. In aerial audiograms, T. c. carolina were most sensitive, with thresholds 18 dB lower than Sternotherus. At 100–300 Hz, thresholds in T. c. carolina, G. polyphemus, and T. scripta were similar to each other. At 400–800 Hz, G. polyphemus thresholds were elevated to 11 dB above T. c. carolina. The underwater audiograms of T. c. carolina, T. scripta, and Sternotherus were similar. The results suggest aerial hearing adaptations in emydids and high-frequency hearing loss associated with seismic vibration detection in G. polyphemus. The underwater audiogram of T. c. carolina could reflect retention of ancestral aquatic auditory function.
The Teaching Privacy Curriculum

A basic understanding of online privacy is essential to being an informed digital citizen, and therefore basic privacy education is becoming ever more necessary. Recently released high school and college computer science curricula acknowledge the significantly increased importance of fundamental knowledge about privacy, but do not yet provide concrete content in the area. To address this need, over the past two years, we have developed the Teaching Privacy Project (TPP) curriculum, http://teachingprivacy.org, which educates the general public about online privacy issues. We performed a pilot of our curriculum in a university course for non-CS majors and found that it was effective: weeks after last being exposed, students' privacy attitudes had shifted. In this paper, we describe our curriculum, our evaluation of it in the classroom, and our vision for future privacy education.
Abstract P193: Infection Type and Severity are Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism in Medical Inpatients

Introduction: Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HAVTE) leads to increased length of stay, cost, morbidity, and is a target of government quality measures. How infection relates to HAVTE risk is unknown. We wished to identify infection-related risk factors for HAVTE to help identify at-risk patients and to guide prevention efforts. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that increased infection severity, affected organ system, and positive microbiology culture results were associated with HAVTE in medical inpatients. Methods: HAVTE between 2009-2012 were identified by ICD-9 codes with confirmatory imaging at a 500 bed teaching hospital. ICD-9 codes, microbiology results, lab and vital sign data, and medication records were used to classify infections as presented in the Table. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HAVTE adjusting for known HAVTE risk factors in the MITH score, a previously developed HAVTE risk score for medical inpatients. Models incorporated known HAVTE risk factors and assessed each variable from the Table individually. Results: In 20,327 medical admissions there were 113 hospital-acquired HAVTE (incidence: 0.56%). The table presents the association between infection-related risk factors and HAVTE. Septic shock (OR 7.48), sepsis (OR 5.9), and MSSA culture isolate (OR 6.39) had the greatest point-estimates of HAVTE after adjusting for known HAVTE risk factors. Conclusions: Infection severity, affected organ system, and microbiologic etiology were risk factors for HAVTE after adjusting for known risk factors. The relationship between these risk factors and thrombosis is likely complex, but these risk factors are easily measureable using the electronic health record. These results may help facilitate HAVTE prevention by further identifying high risk patients.
Willingness to Pay for Mosquito Control in Key West, Florida and Tucson, Arizona

Mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue are growing threats to the United States. Proactive mosquito control is one strategy to reduce the risk of disease transmission. In 2012, we measured the public's willingness to pay (WTP) for increased mosquito control in two cities: Key West, FL, where there have been recent dengue outbreaks, and Tucson, AZ, where dengue vectors are established and WNV has been circulating for over a decade. Nearly three quarters of respondents in both cities (74% in Tucson and 73% in Key West) would be willing to pay $25 or more annually toward an increase in publicly funded mosquito control efforts. WTP was positively associated with income (both cities), education (Key West), and perceived mosquito abundance (Tucson). Concerns about environmental impacts of mosquito control were associated with lower WTP in Key West. Expanded mosquito control efforts should incorporate public opinion as they respond to evolving disease risks.
Effects of aging time and temperature of Fe-1wt.%Cu on magnetic Barkhausen noise and FORC

Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), hysteresis measurements, first order reversal curves (FORC), Vickers microhardness, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed on Fe-1wt.%Cu (Fe-Cu) samples isothermally aged at 700°C for 0.5 – 25 hours to obtain samples with different sized Cu precipitates and dislocation structures. Fe-Cu is used to simulate the thermal and irradiation-induced defects in copper-containing nuclear reactor materials such as cooling system pipes and pressure vessel materials. The sample series showed an initial increase followed by a decrease in hardness and coercivity with aging time, which is explained by Cu precipitates formation and growth as observed by TEM measurements. Further, the MBN envelope showed a continuous decrease in its magnitude and the appearance of a second peak with aging. Also, FORC diagrams showed multiple peaks whose intensity and location changed for different aging time. The changes in FORC diagrams are attributed to combined changes of the ...
Observations on Prostaglandin Orbitopathy.

Purpose To present the various orbital soft-tissue changes that can result from the use of topical prostaglandin analogs. Methods A case series of patients seen in a referral oculoplastic practice with presumed prostaglandin orbitopathy. Results Thirty-five patients were found to have a variety of disorders, including deepening of the superior sulci (24/35), hypertrichosis (32/35), periocular erythema (24/35), and meibomian gland dysfunction (18/35). Marginal eyelid thinning with posterior migration of the lash line was commonly present (34/35). Increased eyelid margin tension with horizontal eyelid shortening (32/35) was often associated with lateral canthal deformity or displacement (15/35). Lower eyelid retraction (18/35) seemed to contribute to ptosis in some patients, secondary to apparent tethering at the lateral canthus. Functional conditions resulting from the above structural abnormalities included tractional ptosis (n = 4), cicatricial entropion (n = 3), cicatricial ectropion (n = 2), trichiasis (n = 2), eyelid subluxation (n = 1), and chalazia (n = 1). Conclusions While topical prostaglandin analogs are well-tolerated by many patients with glaucoma, some individuals using these medications develop structural changes of the orbital soft tissue resulting in a variety of cosmetic and functional eyelid disorders. The eyelid margins can thin, causing posterior migration of the lashes. Increased horizontal tension of the eyelids may result in acquired blepharophimosis and upper or lower eyelid malposition. These orbital changes may be partially reversible in some patients. When possible, it is reasonable to withhold the prostaglandin and allow a period of observation before proceeding with surgical correction.
Molecular structure of (tBu)3AlP(nPr)3

The crystal and molecular structure of (tBu)3AlP(nPr)3 has been determined. The Al(1)−P(1) bond distance [2.594(3) A] is slightly longer than other aluminum-phosphine complexes; however, the geometry about aluminum is similar to that of the [AlCl(tBu)3]− anion, suggesting that the geometry about the aluminum in tri-tert-butylaluminum complexes is defined by the size of thetert-butyl ligands and not as a consequence of the steric bulk of the Lewis base. Crystal data: Monoclinic,P2t,a=8.932(2),b=16.832(3),c=9.328(2), A, β=114.36(3)°,V=1277.6(6) A3,Z=4,R.=0.055,R w =0.053.
Modeling Tools for Predicting Driver Distraction

In contrast to the vast amount of modeling work focused on desktop user interfaces, recent work has increasingly focused on “off-the-desktop” interfaces, one prime example being in-vehicle interfaces used while driving. This paper highlights four recent approaches to predicting driver distraction from in-vehicle interfaces as secondary tasks: hand-crafted modeling with the full-fledged ACT-R architecture, handcrafted modeling with the much less complex ACT-Simple framework, modeling-by-demonstration using the new CogTool, and simplified modeling-by-demonstration using the integrated Distract-R system. While all four use an integrated-model approach and a rigorous driver model, each approach illustrates different advantages and disadvantages of simplifying cognitive modeling for purposes of rapid prototyping and evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces.
Construction of Power Grid Dispatching Evaluation System

In order to carry out the SGCC strategic objective of constructing a modern enterprise and a solid smart grid,Nanjing NARI Group Corporation develops a power grid dispatching evaluation system based on PI3000 platform to assist the upper level power dispatching organization to check the work of the lower level organizations.The lower level dispatching units can do self-evaluation and report to the upper level units;the upper level dispatching units can evaluate and assess lower level units using the system.This system has been put into use in the state power dispatching center and some of the provincial dispatching units like Shanxi province.It has significant meaning in raising the core competitive capability of the enterprise.
Theory and Practice of Risk Monitoring Food Quality Management

This paper describes how the Baicheng CDC food risk monitoring's transition from quality control to quality management. Transition from food risk monitoring quality control to quality management, through the establishment of quality systems, incorporating the operation of quality system, in operation through staff training and management, quality control sample collection,monitoring and reporting test results of original records and control, food risk monitoring projects into the accreditation, food risk monitoring audit work, monitoring of food risk management quality assessment and other activities guaranteed. Achieving the quality management principles and objectives and carrying out the monitoring of the quality of food risk management activities effectively.
Aluminum pollution of commercially -available wheaten products in Futian District of Shenzhen City

[Objective]To investigate the aluminum pollution of commercially-available wheaten products in Futian District of Shenzhen City,and make assessment of qualified rate according to the size of the sales unit.[Methods]]Cross-sectional study was adopted.[Results] The median of aluminum concentration was 137.8 mg / kg.The qualified rate was about 56.1%.The qualified rate of wheaten products was 70.5%,54.1%,43.1% respectively in large,medium and small manufacturing and selling units.[Conclusion]Aluminum pollution level is high in wheaten products of Futian District,especially in small manufacturing and selling units.
Leadership in Extreme Contexts Transformational Leadership, Performance Beyond Expectations?

This study sought to investigate whether leaders tend to adapt their leadership style, within the full range of leadership model, between normal and extreme event firefighting contexts; as well as assess the extent these leadership styles are related to followers’ performance across both contexts. The correlational research design was coupled with a cross-sectional retrospective survey using hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicated that transactional contingent reward leadership style was the dominant predictor of followers’ performance in extreme events. Results showed that in normal contexts, transformational leadership style was the dominant predictor of followers’ performance. Leader behaviors tended to change (adapt) between normal contexts and extreme events, as the same leaders were less transformational in their behaviors in extreme events as compared with normal contexts. Theoretical and practical implications for adaptive leadership responses are discussed along with recommendations f...
Action research of an error self-correction intervention: Examining the effects on the spelling accuracy behaviors of fifth-grade students identified as at-risk

In this action research case study, the researchers used a multiple baseline across two student pairs design to investigate the effects of the error self-correction method on the spelling accuracy ...
A New Data-Mapping Scheme for Latency-Tolerant Distributed Sparse Triangular Solution

This paper concerns latency-tolerant schemes for the efficient parallel solution of sparse triangular linear systems on distributed memory multiprocessors. Such triangular solution is required when sparse Cholesky factors are used to solve for a sequence of right-hand-side vectors or when incomplete sparse Cholesky factors are used to precondition a Conjugate Gradients iterative solver. In such applications, the use of traditional distributed substitution schemes can create a performance bottleneck when the latency of interprocessor communication is large. We had earlier developed the Selective Inversion (SI) scheme to reduce communication latency costs by replacing distributed substitution by parallel matrix vector multiplication. We now present a new two-way mapping of the triangular sparse matrix to processors to improve the performance of SI by halving its communication latency costs. We provide analytic results for model sparse matrices and we report on the performance of our scheme for parallel preconditioning with incomplete sparse Cholesky factors.
Relinquishing a bit of control: Questions about the computer’s role in geodesign

Abstract This paper explores questions surrounding the growing role of computers as creative tools in geodesign, focusing on computer-mediated design techniques as contrasting parallels to drawing. With drawing often described as a critically important creative tool for designers, the increased use of computers for generating form raises questions about the role of creativity in geodesign. Algorithmic or parametric design tools represent an emerging example of ways that computer-mediated design shifts the role of the designer in ways that may require altering our perspective on the role of creativity in geodesign.
Landmarks are Exaggerated

In this discussion essay, I contend that the role of landmarks is exaggerated in basic and applied spatial cognition research. Specifically, I discuss empirical and theoretical arguments consistent with two claims. First, the word landmark is a label for several different concepts, although its precise reference in a particular context is rarely specified carefully. Further, whether specified or not, researchers never use the term landmark to mean everything that the concept can legitimately mean. Thus, when researchers assert something about the role of landmarks in spatial cognitive activities, they exaggerate their particular meaning at the expense of a broader ontology. Second, I claim that even when landmarks are clearly and precisely defined, their role in specifying location is misunderstood and less fundamental than proposed. In exaggerating landmarks, other important components of spatial knowledge, memory, and reasoning are undervalued. Taken together, these two claims support my contention that landmarks are exaggerated in spatial cognition.
Thickness dependence of spin-orbit torques generated by WTe2

We study current-induced torques in ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$/permalloy bilayers as a function of ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$ thickness. We measure the torques using both second-harmonic Hall and spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance techniques for samples with ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$ thicknesses that span from 16 nm down to a single monolayer. We confirm the existence of an out-of-plane antidamping torque, and we show directly that the sign of this torque component is reversed across a monolayer step in the ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$. The magnitude of the out-of-plane antidamping torque depends only weakly on ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$ thickness, such that even a single-monolayer ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$ device provides a strong torque that is comparable to much thicker samples. In contrast, the out-of-plane fieldlike torque has a significant dependence on the ${\mathrm{WTe}}_{2}$ thickness. We demonstrate that this fieldlike component originates predominantly from the Oersted field, thereby correcting a previous inference drawn by our group based on a more limited set of samples.