cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luminescent and Chiroptical Properties of 1 : 1 Eu (III) : Tetracycline Species Probed by Circularly Polarized Luminescence

This study investigates the significantly different luminescent and chiroptical properties of tetracycline (TC) when coordinated to Eu(III). The approach involves understanding the 1) speciation of TC and 2) conformation and species formed between Eu(III) and TC in a ratio of 1 : 1 in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and as a function of the pH value. By identifying the conformational changes of the various 1 : 1 Eu(III) : TC species, the results from this study explain information on the local microenvironment about the Eu(III) metal center. In particular, 5 D0 ←7 F0 Eu(III) laser excitation spectroscopy was employed to distinguish the different types of species found in solution in order to understand the interaction between Eu(III) and TC. On the other hand, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy was used to understand the structural changes within the 1 : 1 Eu(III) : TC complex that could be related to the chirality of the Eu(III)-containing species. The CPL spectrum serves as a "fingerprint" to indicate the conformational changes within the 1 : 1 Eu(III) : TC complex as a result of the chiroptical signal arising from the various Eu(III) : TC species.
Abscopal Effect Following Immunotherapy and Combined Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Recurrent Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

Objective:We present two patients with recurrent, metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) after platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) with complete response via abs...
Resolved stress analysis, failure mode, and fault-controlled fluid conduits in low-permeability strata

Abstract. Failure behaviour can strongly influence deformation-related changes in volume, which is critical in the formation of fault and fracture porosity and conduit development in low permeability rocks. This paper explores the failure modes and deformation behaviour of faults within the mechanically layered Eagle Ford Formation, an ultra-low permeability self-sourced oil and gas reservoir and aquitard exposed in natural outcrop in southwest Texas, USA. Particular emphasis is placed on analysis of the relationship between slip versus opening along fault segments, and the associated variation in dilation tendency versus slip tendency. Results show that the failure mode and deformation behaviour (dilation versus slip) relate in predictable ways to the mechanical stratigraphy, stress field, and specifically the dilation tendency and slip tendency. We conclude that dilation tendency versus slip tendency patterns on faults and other fractures can be analysed using detailed orientation or structural geometry data and stress information, and employed predictively to interpret deformation modes and infer volume change and fluid conduit versus barrier behaviour of structures.
B Cells Improve Overall Survival in HPV-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Are Activated by Radiation and PD-1 Blockade.

Purpose: To characterize the role of B cells on human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cancer patient outcomes and determine the effects of radiation and PD-1 blockade on B-cell populations. Experimental Design: Tumor RNA-sequencing data from over 800 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cervical cancer, including a prospective validation cohort, was analyzed to study the impact of B-cell gene expression on overall survival (OS). A novel murine model of HPV+ HNSCC was used to study the effects of PD-1 blockade and radiotherapy on B-cell activation, differentiation, and clonality including analysis by single-cell RNA-sequencing and B-cell receptor (BCR)-sequencing. Human protein microarray was then used to quantify B-cell–mediated IgG and IgM antibodies to over 16,000 proteins in the serum of patients treated on a clinical trial with PD-1 blockade. Results: RNA-sequencing identified CD19 and IGJ as novel B-cell prognostic biomarkers for 3-year OS (HR, 0.545; P Conclusions: These findings establish a key role for B cells in patient outcomes and responses to PD-1 blockade in HPV-associated squamous cell carcinomas and demonstrate the need for additional diagnostics and therapeutics targeting B cells.
Update on {alpha}-particle and nucleon widths in {sup 19}F and {sup 19}Ne

We present updated information and analysis for several states in $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ and correct a mistake in an earlier article.
Chapter 15 – In Vitro Biofluid Mechanics

In this chapter, we present some of the common techniques used for in vitro biofluid mechanics experiments. This includes various particle imaging techniques and various viscometry techniques. The mathematical relationships that are critical during these experiments are described. Also, the equipment necessary to conduct these experiments is discussed. Inherent difficulties and limitations with these techniques are highlighted.
Altered health knowledge and attitudes among health sciences students following media exposure

Communications media that fails to present information supported by evidence-based practice has the potential to adversely influence knowledge and, ultimately, behaviors. We assessed the immediate effect of a health science documentary on knowledge, attitude, and beliefs among collegiate health sciences students enrolled in an entry-level nutrition course using surveys administered online. Participants (n = 160) completed the pre-survey, watched the documentary What the Health, and immediately completed the post-survey in one setting. Compared with pre-survey scores, participants reported a significant decrease in knowledge, change in attitude to health toward regulation of animal products, and increased agreement with all seven, pre-selected contradictory health claims presented in the documentary. Post-documentary, most participants reported they were planning to make a change in their dietary habits to reflect a plant-based diet. Documentaries providing health information contradictory to the current body of scientific literature are persuasive and can potentially increase negative health behaviors. Inclusion of practices within the health curriculum that encourage, and ultimately, improve health literacy among students before entering the health care workforce is essential.
Single-cell atlas of tumor clonal evolution in liver cancer

Tumor evolution is a key feature of tumorigenesis and plays a pivotal role in driving intratumor heterogeneity, treatment failure and patients9 prognosis. Here we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of 46 primary liver cancers from 37 patients enrolled for interventional studies. We surveyed the landscape of ~57,000 malignant and non-malignant cells and determined tumor cell clonality by developing a machine learning-based consensus clustering method. We found evidence of tumor cell branching evolution using hierarchical clustering, RNA velocity as well as reverse graph embedding methods. Interestingly, an increasing tumor cell clonality was tightly linked to patients9 prognosis, accompanied by a polarized immune cell landscape. We identified osteopontin as a key player for tumor cell evolution and microenvironmental reprogramming. Our study offers insight into the collective behavior of tumor cell communities in liver cancer as well as potential drivers for tumor evolution in response to therapy.
Experiencing the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Children, Peace Communication and Socialization

Over the last eighty years there has been a global rise in 'peace communication' practice, the use of interpersonal and mass communication interventions to mediate between peoples engaged in political conflict. In this study, Yael Warshel assesses Israeli and Palestinian versions of Sesame Street, which targeted negative inter-group attitudes and stereotypes. Merging communication, peace and conflict studies, social psychology, anthropology, political science, education, Middle Eastern and childhood studies, this book provides a template to think about how audiences receive, interpret, use and are influenced by peace communication. By picking apart the text and subtext of the kind of media these specific audiences of children consume, Warshel examines how they interpret peace communication interventions, are socialized into Palestinians, Jewish Israelis and Arab/Palestinian Israelis, the political opinions they express and the violence they reproduce. She questions whether peace communication practices have any relevant structural impact on their audiences, critiques such interventions and offers recommendations for improving future communication interventions into political conflict worldwide.
NOMA Enabled Computation and Communication Resource Trade-off for Mobile Edge Computing

In this paper, we investigate a mobile edge computing (MEC) system in which a set of users with intensive computation tasks, and a set of users with high downlink rate requirement, can cooperate to achieve a mutually-beneficial situation where the task completion time is reduced and the downlink users receive more information from the base station (BS). Specifically, by leveraging uplink and downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), the user with an intensive computation task can offload its task bits to the edge cloud and the downlink user. Simultaneously this user relays information to the downlink user from the BS. We consider the joint optimization of computational resource allocation at the edge cloud, communication resource allocation, assignment among the two sets of users, the share of computation, and relay bits to minimize the overall completion time of the tasks while guaranteeing downlink users’ incentive requirement. A low complexity iterative algorithm is proposed to find efficient locally optimal solutions by utilizing convex optimization, a graph theory matching algorithm, and block coordinate descent technique. Numerical results show that the proposed technique leads to a significant reduction in users’ task completion time and increase in the downlink users rate.
Data-driven Branch-and-bound Algorithms for Constrained Simulation-based Optimization

Abstract The wide use of detailed simulations for complex systems has led to a growing interest for methods that can optimize simulation-dependent problems using data, without explicit equations or derivatives. Due to the lack of derivatives and the dependence on sampling, simulation-based optimization algorithms lack convergence guarantees and often require a significant number of samples to identify an optimal solution with consistency. Moreover, the presence of black-box constraints is an open challenge because it further complicates sampling and identification of unknown feasible spaces. Previously, we have introduced the Data-Driven Spatial Branch-and-Bound algorithm for box constrained problems, which employs data-driven convex under estimators, finds upper and lower bounds on the optimal objective value and progressively prunes suboptimal subspaces until convergence. In this work, we present recent advances of this framework for handling simulation-based and equation-based constraints. We demonstrate the performance of these features with respect to convergence and sampling requirements through benchmark constrained optimization problems.
COVID-19 Modifications of Offseason and Preseason Training for NFL Athletes Are Associated with Increased Risk of Regular Season Injuries.

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 altered National Football League (NFL) player and team training during the 2020 offseason. All preseason games were cancelled resulting in absence of game play before the first week of the regular season. Thus concerns exist regarding injury susceptibility of players during regular season games. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare injury rates during the 2020 NFL season versus injury rates from the unaffected 2017-2019 seasons. We hypothesized there would be an increased injury rate and an increased rate of season ending injuries during the modified 2020 season. METHODS: The NFL's public injury database was queried to identify players placed on the injury lists throughout the 2017-2020 seasons. All players listed as "out" and on the injured reserve due to physical injury were included in the data set. For further stratification, injury incidence was separated based on position. Time missed due to COVID-19 illness was not included. Injury rates were expressed as injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (AE). RESULTS: Overall, 893 individual players missed games due to injury during the 2020 NFL regular season compared to an average of 743 over the 2017-2019 seasons. Defensive players at all positions had a statistically significant increase in injury incidence from an average of 7.54 to 10.20 injuries per 1000 AE. Defensive backs were most affected with a 46% increase in players injured. There was no statistically significant difference in season ending injuries for any position. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 stricken 2020 NFL regular season saw an increased rate and incidence of injuries. Specifically, defensive players had a higher incidence of injury overall with defensive backs experiencing the greatest increase in injury rates.
The Diversity Rationale for Affirmative Action in Military Contracting

Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (the “8(a) program”) is a federal contracting program that permits the government to award certain contracts to members of designated racial groups that own small businesses. Courts have denied facial challenges to the program, but have upheld challenges alleging the program is unconstitutional as applied to particular industries. As a result, the military is banned from using the program in at least one industry, and inherits significant risk when using the program in other industries. The government has never articulated a diversity rationale to justify the use of race-conscious measures in the military contracting context. Given the Supreme Court’s recent endorsement of the diversity rationale in higher education, the time is ripe to consider the application of this rationale to defense contracting. The way we fight wars has changed dramatically in recent decades. Our national security objectives are dependent on minority representation in the defense contracting industry. By fostering diversity in the defense contracting community, the 8(a) program helps maintain a racially integrated military force that is crucial to achieving our military and national security objectives. The Supreme Court has upheld the diversity rationale for affirmative action in the context of higher education, and this rationale applies equally in the military context.
The Humorality of Toys and Games in Early Modern English Domestic Tragedy

Through readings of Arden of Faversham and A Yorkshire Tragedy, Balizet shows how toys and games occupy a crucial intersection between humoral thought and domestic life. Drawing upon the cultural history of toys and games—including pro- and anti-ludic treatises and visual culture such as Bruegel’s Children’s Games—Balizet argues that early modern toys and games stimulated the humors in accordance with the “non-naturals,” a set of practices that could be manipulated to preserve health. Emphasizing the domestic nature of the non-naturals, Balizet shows that material objects, namely tops and backgammon “tables,” operated as instruments to regulate the humoral body, while Renaissance drama staged domestic conflict through the humoral dynamics of game-play.
Activation energy dependence on stress intensity in stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue

The phenomena of stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue have been investigated assuming that a thermally activated process (diffusion) acts in conjunction with mechanical energy to produce subcritical extension of a flaw. Associated with this diffusion process is an apparent activation energy which is shown to be dependent on the stress-intensity level indicating that the rate limiting diffusion step is associated with the material rather than the environment. A characteristic activation energy associated with the diffusion process is obtained by plotting apparent activation energy versus mechanical energy input required for crack extension and extrapolating to zero mechanical energy input. The characteristic activation energy associated with the stress-corrosion differs fram that associated with the corrosion-fatigue process. Thus, a linear superposition model for corrosion fatigue employing stress-corrosion data is not valid for the material studied. Also from this plot it can be seen that the toughness of the material at the crack tip is inherently degraded by the diffusion process.
Cats, Cancer and Comparative Oncology.

Naturally occurring tumors in dogs are well-established models for several human cancers. Domestic cats share many of the benefits of dogs as a model (spontaneous cancers developing in an immunocompetent animal sharing the same environment as humans, shorter lifespan allowing more rapid trial completion and data collection, lack of standard of care for many cancers allowing evaluation of therapies in treatment-naive populations), but have not been utilized to the same degree in the One Medicine approach to cancer. There are both challenges and opportunities in feline compared to canine models. This review will discuss three specific tumor types where cats may offer insights into human cancers. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma is common, shares both clinical and molecular features with human head and neck cancer and is an attractive model for evaluating new therapies. Feline mammary tumors are usually malignant and aggressive, with the 'triple-negative' phenotype being more common than in humans, offering an enriched population in which to examine potential targets and treatments. Finally, although there is not an exact corollary in humans, feline injection site sarcoma may be a model for inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, offering opportunities for studying variations in individual susceptibility as well as preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Childbearing in cohabiting unions: racial and ethnic differences.

CONTEXT: Cohabitation provides a two-parent family union in which to have and raise children outside of marriage. Little is known, however, about the conditions under which cohabiting couples conceive and decide to have children. METHODS: The National Survey of Family Growth provides detailed data on the cohabitation and fertility histories of American women. Life-table techniques, event-history analyses and logistic regression were employed to understand the racial and ethnic differences in the timing of childbearing within cohabiting unions and whether childbearing within cohabiting unions is more acceptable to members of minorities than to whites. RESULTS: In multivariate models, Hispanic women were found to be 77% more likely than white women to conceive a child in cohabitation and black women were 69% more likely than white women to do so. Among women who became pregnant while cohabiting, Hispanic women were almost twice as likely and black women were three times as likely as white women to remain cohabiting with their partner when their child was born. In addition, children born to Hispanic women in cohabiting unions were found to be 70% more likely to be intended than were those born to cohabiting white women. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of fertility, cohabitation does not maintain the same place in the American family system for all racial and ethnic groups. These racial and ethnic differences in fertility-related behavior are not explained by socioeconomic differences. Based on levels of childbearing during cohabitation, relationship status at time of birth and intention status of children, it appears that cohabitation is a more acceptable arena for family building among Hispanic women than among whites or blacks.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits on rat cortical neurons do not undergo long-lasting inactivation even when up-regulated by chronic nicotine exposure

Chronic exposure to (-)nicotine has been widely reported to up-regulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on neurons and induce long-term inactivation as a possible cause. Nicotinic receptors containing alpha 7 subunits are among the most abundant in brain and influence diverse cellular events. Whole-cell patch clamp recording from embryonic rat cortical neurons in culture was used to identify responses from alpha 7-containing receptors. Immunochemical staining for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) indicated that both GABAergic and non-GABAergic neurons expressed the receptors. Exposure to micromolar concentrations of nicotine for 1-4 days caused up-regulation of the receptors as measured by [alpha-(125)I]-bungarotoxin binding. Carbachol produced the same up-regulation, and cell counts demonstrated that neuronal survival was unchanged. The up-regulation was accompanied by an increased whole-cell response; no evidence was found for long-lasting inactivation. Autonomic alpha 7-containing receptors also avoided long-lasting inactivation, even though the receptors were down-regulated by nicotine. Blocking protein synthesis or protein glycosylation prevented receptor up-regulation on cortical neurons, suggesting that new synthesis was required. No evidence was found for a pre-existing intracellular pool that supplied receptors to the surface. The results indicate that alpha 7-containing receptors differ from other receptor subtypes in their regulation by nicotine and demonstrate further that long-lasting inactivation is not an obligatory requirement for up-regulation in this case.
A Keratinocyte-Responsive γδ TCR Is Necessary for Dendritic Epidermal T Cell Activation by Damaged Keratinocytes and Maintenance in the Epidermis

A unique population of T lymphocytes, designated dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC), homes to the murine epidermis during fetal development. DETC express a canonical gammadelta TCR, Vgamma3/Vdelta1, which recognizes Ag expressed on damaged, stressed, or transformed keratinocytes. Recently, DETC were shown to play a key role in the complex process of wound repair. To examine the role of the DETC TCR in DETC localization to the epidermis, maintenance in the skin, and activation in vivo, we analyzed DETC in the TCRdelta(-/-) mouse. Unlike previous reports in which the TCRdelta(-/-) skin was found to be devoid of any DETC, we discovered that TCRdelta(-/-) mice have alphabeta TCR-expressing DETC with a polyclonal Vbeta chain repertoire. The alphabeta DETC are not retained over the life of the animal, suggesting that the gammadelta TCR is critical for the maintenance of DETC in the skin. Although the alphabeta DETC can be activated in response to direct stimulation, they do not respond to keratinocyte damage. Our results suggest that a keratinocyte-responsive TCR is necessary for DETC activation in response to keratinocyte damage and for DETC maintenance in the epidermis.
Backdoors to Combinatorial Optimization: Feasibility and Optimality

There has been considerable interest in the identification of structural properties of combinatorial problems that lead, directly or indirectly, to the development of efficient algorithms for solving them. One such concept is that of a backdoor set--a set of variables such that once they are instantiated, the remaining problem simplifies to a tractable form. While backdoor sets were originally defined to capture structure in decision problems with discrete variables, here we introduce a notion of backdoors that captures structure in optimization problems, which often have both discrete and continuous variables. We show that finding a feasible solution and proving optimality are characterized by backdoors of different kinds and size. Surprisingly, in certain mixed integer programming problems, proving optimality involves a smaller backdoor set than finding the optimal solution. We also show extensive results on the number of backdoors of various sizes in optimization problems. Overall, this work demonstrates that backdoors, appropriately generalized, are also effective in capturing problem structure in optimization problems.
Chapter 1 Magnetic Resonance Contributions to Other Sciences

Abstract In 1947, I.I. Rabi invented the molecular beam magnetic resonance method for the important, but limited purpose, of measuring nuclear magnetic moments and five of us working in his laboratory immediately began such experiments. The first experiments with LiCl gave the expected single resonance for each nucleus, but we were surprised to discover six resonances for the proton in H 2 , which we soon showed was due to the magnetic effects of the other proton and the rotating charged molecule: from these measurements we could also obtain new information on molecular structure. We had another shock when we studied D 2 and found the resonance curves were spread more widely for D 2 than H 2 even though the magnetic interactions should have been much smaller. We found we could explain this by assuming that the deuteron had an electric quadrupole moment and J. Schwinger pointed out that this would require the existence of a previously unsuspected electric tensor force between the neutron and the proton. With this, the resonance method was giving new fundamental information about nuclear forces. In 1944, Rabi and I pointed out that it should be possible by the Dirac theory and our past resonance experiments to calculate exactly the hyperfine interaction between the electron and the proton in the hydrogen atom and we had two graduate students, Nafe and Nelson do the experiment and they found a disagreement which led J. Schwinger to develop the first successful relativistic quantum field theory and QED. In 1964, Purcell, Bloch and others detected magnetic resonance transitions by the effect of the transition on the oscillator, called NMR, making possible measurements on liquids, solids and gases and giving information on chemical shifts and thermal relaxation times T1 and T2. I developed a magnetic resonance method for setting a limit to the EDM of a neutron in a beam and with others for neutrons stored in a suitably coated bottle. Magnetic resonance measurements provide high stability atomic clocks. Both the second and the meter are now defined in terms of atomic clocks. Lauterbuhr, Mansfield, Damadian and others developed the important methods of using inhomogeneous magnetic fields to localize the magnetic resonance in a tissue sample producing beautiful and valuable magnetic resonance images, MRI's, and fMRI's.
Stochastic Eco-routing in a Signalized Traffic Network

Abstract In this paper, an eco-routing algorithm is developed for vehicles in a signalized traffic network. The proposed method incorporates a microscopic vehicle emission model into a Markov decision process (MDP). Instead of using GPS-based vehicle trajectory data, which are used by many existing eco-routing algorithm, high resolution traffic data including vehicle arrival and signal status information are used as primary inputs. The proposed method can work with any microscopic vehicle model that uses vehicle trajectories as inputs and gives related emission rates as outputs. Furthermore, a constrained eco-routing problem is proposed to deal with the situation where multiple costs present. This is done by transferring the original MDP based formulation to a linear programming formulation. Besides the primary cost, additional costs are considered as constraints. Two numerical examples are given using the field data obtained from City of Pasadena, California, USA. The eco-routing algorithm for single objective is compared against the traditional shortest path algorithm, Dijkstra’s algorithm. Average reductions of CO emission around 20% are observed.
Introduction to Broadband Communication Systems

Broadband networks, such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), frame relay, and leased lines, allow us to easily access multimedia services (data, voice, and video) in one package. Exploring why broadband networks are important in modern-day telecommunications, Introduction to Broadband Communication Systems covers the concepts and components of both standard and emerging broadband communication network systems. After introducing the fundamental concepts of broadband communication systems, the book discusses Internet-based networks, such as intranets and extranets. It then addresses the networking technologies of X.25 and frame relay, fiber channels, a synchronous optical network (SONET), a virtual private network (VPN), an integrated service digital network (ISDN), broadband ISDN (B-ISDN), and ATM. The authors also cover access networks, including digital subscriber lines (DSL), cable modems, and passive optical networks, as well as explore wireless networks, such as wireless data services, personal c ommunications services (PCS), and satellite communications. The book concludes with chapters on network management, network security, and network testing, fault tolerance, and analysis. With up-to-date, detailed information on the state-of-the-art technology in broadband communication systems, this resource illustrates how some networks have the potential of eventually replacing traditional dial-up Internet. Requiring only a general knowledge of communication systems theory, the text is suitable for a one- or two-semester course for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering as well as for short seminars on broadband communication systems.
MODIFIED GRAVITATIONAL THEORIES AND COSMIC ACCELERATION

Modified gravitational theories can provide alternatives to dark energy as an explaination for the observed late-time cosmic acceleration. Several examples of low-curvature corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action are studied. These models generically contain unstable de Sitter solutions and, depending on the parameters of the theory, can exhibit late time accelerating attractor solutions.
Neonatal arytenoid dislocation.

Arytenoid dislocation is a well-described injury in adults.1-6 We report here what we believe is the first neonatal case and contrast the findings and course to those previously described. CASE REPORT A 2,640-g girl was born at 38 weeks9 gestation by spontaneous delivery after labor complicated by the passage of meconium-stained amniotic fluid. She was intubated with a 3.0-mm oral endotracheal tube without a stylet. No meconium was found below the vocal cords. Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes were 5, 7, and 9, respectively. When the baby was admitted to the nursery, she was described as having pink color, a strong cry, no retractions, a cardiac rate of 136 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 48 breaths per minute.
Learner-centered assignments in computer literacy

Literacy is a concept that is understood to be the identifier of an educated populace. In today's world, literacy includes computer literacy, as well as language and quantitative literacy. This paper describes exercises developed to improve first year students' computer literacy through more learner-centered engagement. Exercises are designed to support learner-centered goals of independent and responsible learners, appropriate breadth and depth of content, teacher as facilitator, and assessment woven into learning. Exercise topics include purchase of a personal computer, basic logic via spreadsheets, an annotated bibliography built with electronic resources, and an integrated assignment customized by and for each student.
Polynomials orthogonal with respect to exponential integrals

Moment-based methods and related Matlab software are provided for generating orthogonal polynomials and associated Gaussian quadrature rules having as weight function the exponential integral E? of arbitrary positive order ? supported on the positive real line or on a finite interval [0,c], c>0. By using the symbolic capabilities of Matlab, allowing for variable-precision arithmetic, the codes provided can be used to obtain as many of the recurrence coefficients for the orthogonal polynomials as desired, to any given accuracy, by choosing d-digit arithmetic with d large enough to compensate for the underlying ill-conditioning.
Wind drift, compensation, and the use of landmarks by nocturnal bird migrants

Abstract In this paper we describe fall nocturnal migration at three localities in eastern New York, one adjacent to the Hudson River, the other two 30 km to the west in a topographically more uniform area. Migrants at both study areas moved southwest in winds not out of the west and were, therefore, seemingly unaffected by the river. In west winds, however, birds away from the river moved south-southeast whereas those in the vicinity of the river flew a track west of south paralleling the river. In addition, a relative increase in the number of migrants along the river compared to away was observed in west winds as birds presumably became concentrated near the river. We conclude that on most autumn nights migrants passing through this area have a preferred track direction toward the southwest and in strong winds from the west and northwest they are drifted. Upon reaching the vicinity of the Hudson River, some birds alter their headings yielding a track direction that closely parallels the river resulting in at least a partial compensation for wind drift. No alternative hypothesis is consistent with all the data.
Effects of aging on force coordination in bimanual task performance

We investigated within- and between-hands grip-load force coordination in both healthy young and older adult participants during bimanual tasks involving realistic actions. Age-related changes in manual behaviors such as grip force production and safety margins were expected in older adults. Within-hand grip-load coordination was expected to decrease with aging during the performance of dynamic actions, but not static actions. The effects of task and hand dominance on task performance were also evaluated. Grip force production increased with age; however, changes in fingertip frictional properties with aging increased the risk of object slip. Indices of within-hand grip-load coordination did not alter with age, but such indices were affected by task goals. The action of connecting two independent objects, particularly with rotational action, was associated with declines in all indices of within- and between-hands force coordination, independent of age. Evidence of task-specific differences in within-hand grip-load coordination in the current data set suggests that individual hand specification emerges and persists with age in everyday bimanual prehension tasks, independent of the action role assigned to the dominant and non-dominant hands.
Home visits by care providers – Influences on health outcomes for caregivers of homebound older adults with dementia

Homebound older adults benefit from provider home visits and there is an increasing need for these visits. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of provider (MD, NP) visits on the caregivers of homebound older adults. Fifty-five caregivers were interviewed to determine any difference in health measures between those whose care recipients had access to a provider and those that did not. The participants completed the SF-36, questionnaires on demographics and access and one opened ended question. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups of caregivers. The caregivers whose care recipients did not have access to a provider showed poorer health measures. Providers may have a positive impact on caregiver's health as well as that of the homebound. Developing new and innovative ways to support caregivers while providing care for our patients will be even more important as the population ages and the numbers of available caregivers decrease.
Developing effective meta-heuristics for a probabilistic location model via experimental design

This article employs a statistical experimental design to guide and evaluate the development of four meta-heuristics applied to a probabilistic location model. The meta-heuristics evaluated include evolutionary algorithm, tabu search, simulated annealing, and a hybridized hill-climbing algorithm. Comparative results are analyzed using ANOVA. Our findings show that all four implementations produce high quality solutions. In particular, it was found that on average tabu search and simulated annealing find their best solutions in the least amount of time, with relatively small variability. This is especially important for large-size problems when dynamic redeployment is required.
Variations in Outcomes of Care in Urban and Rural Nursing Facilities in Maine

Federal and state regulators and the nursing home industry have accelerated efforts to improve care practices in response to the Institute of Medicine's 1986 report on the quality of nursing home care and the federal Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 (OBRA 1987). Very little is known about the quality of care in rural nursing facilities compared to their urban counterparts. This study describes variations in facility and resident characteristics of urban and rural nursing facilities in Maine and examines differences in outcomes of care. The study estimates rural-urban differences in 11 quality indicators (measured at the facility level) controlling for resident, facility, and market characteristics and other factors that may affect quality. Results reveal few significant differences between rural and urban nursing facilities. Further research is needed to understand whether differences in the characteristics of rural and urban facilities not measured in this study may affect nursing facility quality.
A boundary between decidability and undecidability for parallel program schemata (Extended Abstract)

Some theorems showing undecidability for computational commutativity, boundedness, termination and determinacy of parallel program schemata are given. These results are then compared with contrasting decidability results in [1] showing that the deletion of the hypothesis of repetition-freeness from the decidability theorems produces undecidability.
Cardiovascular Biology: Escaped DNA inflames the heart

High blood pressure can damage heart muscle cells and their mitochondrial organelles. DNA from degraded mitochondria has been shown to trigger inflammation leading to heart failure. See Letter p.251 Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure, but what initiates the inflammation has been unclear. This study identifies an inflammatory pathway that participates in the pathogenesis of heart failure in a mouse model. Mitochondria damaged by external stress are normally degraded by autophagy. The authors show that mitochondrial DNA released in this way in heart cells can trigger a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9-mediated inflammatory response, leading to abnormalities in cardiac structure and function, and increased mortality.
A Decision Support System for Acquisitions Budgeting in Public Libraries

Public libraries are computerizing their activities and producing mountains of managerially useful data. Our decision support system organizes these data and brings them to bear in producing materials acquisition budgets. Acquisition of new materials costs public libraries in the United States over $850 million per year. The Monroe County Indiana Public Library allocated its 1992 acquisitions budget using the DSS and found the system "flexible, workable, and above all, extremely valuable." The DSS has four modules: a database module that allows comparison across budget categories and inspection of trends in costs, circulation, acquisitions, stocks, turnover rates, and discards; a forecasting module that uses time series techniques to make cost and circulation forecasts; a budget-allocation module that produces a satisfactory allocation by iteratively solving a continuous knapsack problem; and a scenario-testing module that calculates future stock.
Synergistic effects of cis-platinum (CP) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) on ovarian carcinoma cell lines demonstrated by dual-parameter flow cytometry (FCM)

Ovarian cancer tends to remain confined to the peritoneal cavity even after widespread dissemination. In order to test the in vitro cytotoxic effect of cis-platinum (CP) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), a combination which, in theory, is particularly suitable for intraperitoneal (IP) administration, ovarian cancer cells were exposed to each drug alone and in combination and then sampled serially for 336 hr with cell counts and flow cytometry (FCM). We used dual parameter FCM analysis to study changes in DNA and nuclear protein simultaneously. There was good correlation between the degree of cell kill noted in the counts and the duration of observed cytokinetic disturbances in all the treated series. CP and ara-C alone produced temporary cytotoxic and cytokinetic changes. Together, the two agents produced an enhanced CP effect which lasted 336 hr and was accompanied by continued evidence of cell kill in the counts. We conclude that CP and ara-C in vitro act synergistically on ovarian cancer to achieve a high level of cell kill after a single simultaneous application.
Every Blog Has Its Day: Politically-interested Internet Users' Perceptions of Blog Credibility

This study employs an online survey to examine U.S. politically-interested Internet users' perceptions of the credibility of blogs. The article focuses on the influence of blog reliance compared to motivations for visiting blogs in determining blog credibility. The study found that blogs were judged as moderately credible, but as more credible than any mainstream media or online source. Both reliance and motivations predicted blog credibility after controlling for demographics and political variables. Reliance proved a consistently stronger predictor than blog motivations. Also, information-seeking motives predicted credibility better than entertainment ones.
Light and transmission electron microscopical studies and amino acid analysis of the metacercarial cyst of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda)

Light microscopical studies indicated that the cyst of Zygocotyle lunata consists of outer, inner and ventral cyst walls. Transmission electron microscopical studies showed that the outer cyst and the ventral cyst each consist of two layers. The inner cyst is lamellated and contains a specialized ventral region designated the ventral lid. Amino acid analysis of cyst walls showed only trace amounts of cysteine, indicating that disulphide bonds are not used to stabilize the inner cyst of Z. lunata.
Domain Adaptation under Data Misalignment: An Application to Cepheid Variable Star Classification

We address a particular scenario within the area of domain adaptation, where a predictive model obtained from a source domain can be applied directly to a target domain. Both source and target domains share the same input or feature space, but we do not impose any restrictions on the marginal and class posterior distributions (both distributions can differ). Our main assumption is that the difference between the source and target domains can be traced to a systematic change caused by some modification in the sensing device, or environment surrounding the phenomenon under analysis, as for example when the training and testing samples correspond to stars (i.e., to light curves) that belong to different galaxies. We demonstrate how such systematic change can be reversed by shifting the target data towards the source data until both distributions are aligned. Our approach uses maximum likelihood to compute the right amount of displacement along each variable under analysis. We test our methodology on the classification of Cepheid variable stars according to their pulsation mode: fundamental and first-overtone. Experimental results with three galaxy datasets (Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, and M33), show the effectiveness of our approach.
A strategy for efficiently verifying requirements

This paper describes a compositional proof strategy for verifying properties of requirements specifications. The proof strategy, which may be applied using either a model checker or a theorem prover, uses known state invariants to prove state and transition invariants. Two proof rules are presented: a standard incremental proof rule analogous to Manna and Pnueli's incremental proof rule and a compositional proof rule. The advantage of applying the compositional rule is that it decomposes a large verification problem into smaller problems which often can be solved more efficiently than the larger problem. The steps needed to implement the compositional rule are described, and the results of applying the proof strategy to two examples, a simple cruise control system and a real-world Navy system, are presented. In the Navy example, compositional verification %based on the compositional proof using either theorem proving or model checking was three times faster than verification %model checking using based on the standard incremental (noncompositional) rule. In addition to the two above rules for proving invariants, a new compositional proof rule is presented for circular assume-guarantee proofs of invariants. While in principle the strategy and %the rules described for proving invariants may be applied to any state-based specification with parallel composition of components, the specifications in the paper are expressed in the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) tabular notation, the auxiliary invariants used in the proofs are automatically generated invariants, and the verification is supported by the SCR tools.
Depth of Penetration During Electron Beam Welding

An examination of available solutions for the penetration depth for electron beam welding revealed that they have been based on mathematical models which are not truly representative of the physical phenomena. The deposition of electron beam energy has been represented by a steady line source. Experimental evidence, however, shows that due to an oscillating flow of the molten material, the electron beam energy is deposited on a surface which varies from close to horizontal to the sides of a cone-shaped cavity. To account for this a cylindrical constant temperature boundary condition was proposed. Results based on this model were found to agree within 20 percent with available depth of penetration data.
Best Paper for 2011 and Changes in the Editorial Board

The manuscript "Fifty Years of Moore's Law" by Chris A. Mack, IEEE Fellow, has been selected as the Best Paper of 2011. In this paper, Dr. Mack explored the history of Moore's Law and concluded that Moore's Law happens "because we want it to be true."
Prenatal photoperiod influences neonatal prolactin secretion in the sheep.

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that the fetal sheep can respond to photoperiod cues. Pregnant Suffolk ewes were maintained in artificial photoperiod of either long days [16 h of light, 8 h of dark (16L:8D)] or short days (8L:16D) from approximately 100 days of gestation until term at approximately 147 days. On the day of birth, all lambs and their mothers were transferred to an intermediate photoperiod of 12L:12D; both groups were housed together. To provide an index of response to photoperiod, serum PRL concentrations were measured in blood samples collected daily 3–4 h after lights on. In lambs (n = 8 male; n = 7 female) born to mothers on long days, serum PRL concentrations were high (>200 ng/ml) for the first few days after birth, but fell rapidly to low levels (<50 ng/ml) within 14 days postnatally in 12L:12D. Conversely, lambs (n = 8 male; n = 7 female) born to mothers on short days initially had low PRL concentrations, but these gradually increased in the postnatal 12L:12D photoperiod to...
Questioning My Presence in Multicultural Youth Work

Recently, the author has been reexamining his experiences in youth work (work with youth and youth workers from different cultures, races, classes, etc.). His goal is to deepen his understanding of how his presence influences his interactions and how he might have directly or inadvertently contributed to hegemony and oppression and to learn more about how issues such as race, class, and culture play out in youth work. To do this, the author has been drawing (writing) and interpreting sketches (vignettes) and a personal history. In this article, the author describes the process he uses and presents what he has learned and the questions that have been raised from his investigation.