cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Next Linear Collider test accelerator's RF pulse compression and transmission systems

The overmoded RF transmission and pulsed power compression system for SLAC's Next Linear Collider (NLC) program requires a high degree of transmission efficiency and mode purity to be economically feasible. To this end, a number of new, high power components and systems have been developed at X-band, which transmit RF power in the low loss, circular TE01 mode with negligible mode conversion. In addition, a highly efficient SLED-II pulse compressor has been developed and successfully tested at high power. The system produced a 200 MW, 250 ns wide pulse with a near-perfect flat-top. In this paper we describe the design and test results of the high power pulse compression system using SLED-II.
Lid retraction following glaucoma filtering surgery: a case series and literature review.

Purpose: To describe 5 cases of lid retraction associated with large cystic glaucoma filtering blebs.Methods: Retrospective case reports and literature review.Results: All 5 patients had lid retraction due to glaucoma filtering blebs. Two were successfully managed surgically by graded blepharotomy with resolution of lid retraction and bleb dysesthesia symptoms. Three patients were managed symptomatically.Conclusions: Lid retraction due to cystic glaucoma blebs is an unusual entity and a diagnosis of exclusion. The exact pathogenesis of the condition is unclear. Conservative, medical and surgical interventions exist to manage the lid retraction and any associated bleb dysesthesia.
Sck1 Negatively Regulates Gpa2-Mediated Glucose Signaling in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Schizosaccharomyces pombe detects extracellular glucose via a G protein-mediated cyclic AMP (cAMP)-signaling pathway activating protein kinase A (PKA) and regulating transcription of genes involved in metabolism and sexual development. In this pathway, Gpa2 Gα binds to and activates adenylyl cyclase in response to glucose detection by the Git3 G protein-coupled receptor. Using a two-hybrid screen to identify extrinsic regulators of Gpa2, we isolated a clone that expresses codons 471 to 696 of the Sck1 kinase, which appears to display a higher affinity for Gpa2(K270E)-activated Gα relative to Gpa2(+) Gα. Deletion of sck1(+) or mutational inactivation of the Sck1 kinase produces phenotypes reflecting increased PKA activity in strains expressing Gpa2(+) or Gpa2(K270E), suggesting that Sck1 negatively regulates PKA activation through Gpa2. In contrast to the Gpa2(K270E) GDP-GTP exchange rate mutant, GTPase-defective Gpa2(R176H) weakly binds Sck1 in the two-hybrid screen and a deletion of sck1(+) in a Gpa2(R176H) strain confers phenotypes consistent with a slight reduction in PKA activity. Finally, deleting sck1(+) in a gpa2Δ strain results in phenotypes consistent with a second role for Sck1 acting in parallel with PKA. In addition to this parallel role with PKA, our data suggest that Sck1 negatively regulates Gpa2, possibly targeting the nucleotide-free form of the protein that may expose the one and only AKT/PKB consensus site in Gpa2 for Sck1 to bind. This dual role for Sck1 may allow S. pombe to produce distinct biological responses to glucose and nitrogen starvation signals that both activate the Wis1-Spc1/StyI stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway.
Enzyme-Linked Flow-Injection Immunoassay Using Immobilized Secondary Antibodies

A fast, non-equilibrium enzyme-linked flow-injection immunoassay (FIIA) system using an immobilized secondary-antibody reactor is described. The assay method is based on the competition between the enzyme-labeled antigen and analyte (unlabeled antigen) for a limited amount of soluble primary-antibody binding sites. This mixture is then introduced via flow-injection into the secondaryantibody reactor. The reactor bound enzyme activity, as measured by flowing an appropriate substrate solution through the reactor, is inversely proportional to the concentration of free analyte in the sample. By using non-equilibrium conditions, a single assay takes a total time of 13 min or less including regeneration of the reactor. To illustrate the application of this system, theophylline and insulin were chosen as model hapten and macromolecule analytes, respectively. Preliminary studies suggest that the new FIIA system is suitable for determining theophylline in serum with acceptable accuracy and precision.
Low Doses of Very Low-Dose-Rate Low-LET Radiation Suppress Radiation-Induced Neoplastic Transformation In Vitro and Induce an Adaptive Response

Abstract Elmore, E., Lao, X-Y., Kapadia, R., Giedzinski, E., Limoli, C. and Redpath, J. L. Low Doses of Very Low-Dose-Rate Low-LET Radiation Suppress Radiation-Induced Neoplastic Transformation In Vitro and Induce an Adaptive Response. Radiat. Res. 169, 311–318 (2008). The purpose of this study was to determine whether adaptation against neoplastic transformation could be induced by exposure to very low-dose-rate low-LET radiation. HeLa × skin fibroblast human hybrid cells were irradiated with ∼30 kVp photons from an array of 125I seeds. The initial dose rate was 4 mGy/day. Cell samples were taken at four intervals at various times over a period of 88 days and assayed for neoplastic transformation and the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The dose rate at the end of this treatment period was 1.4 mGy/day. Transformation frequencies and ROS levels were compared to those of parallel unirradiated controls. At the end of 3 months and an accumulated dose of 216 mGy, cells treated with very low-dose-rat...
Polyoxymethylene single crystals. I. The effect of copolymer content on morphology

The single crystal morphologies of five different alkyl. capped polyoxymethylenes have been studied as a function of copolymer (ethylene oxide) content. The homopolymer produced the familiar regular hexagonal single crystal lamellae. With increasing amounts of copolymer content, however, the growth faces become much less regular and the number of overgrowths on the lamellae increases dramatically, suggesting that the copolymer chains are not incorporated as easily in the crystal. However, all crystals had crystallized into the hexagonal polyoxymethylene lattice. By the use of dark field electron microscopy significantly more terminating fringes were observed in moire patterns from the copolymer containing crystals, indicating that the copolymer acts as a structural irregularity along the chain and leads to a defect in the lattice. Die Morphologie von Einkristallen funf verschiedener Polyoxymethylen-Athylenoxid-Copolymerer mit Alkylendgruppen wurde in ihrer Abhangigkeit von der Zusammensetzuzung untersucht. Das Homopolymere bildet die bekannten regularen hexagonalen Kristallblattchen. Mit zunehmender Menge des Comonomeren werden die Wachstumsflachen weniger regelmasig, und die Anzahl der Uberwachsungen auf den Lamellenflachen nimmt sehr stark zu, was darauf schliesen lat, das die Copolymerketten nicht leicht in den Kristall eingebaut baut werden. Alle untersuchten Copolymeren kristallisierten jedoch in hexagonalem Gitter vom Polyoxymethylentyp. Die Dunkelfeldelektronenmikroskopie zeigt, das die Rander der Kristallblattchen zunehmend unregelmasiger werden, wenn der Gehalt des Athylenoxides im Copolymeren zunimmt, wobei Moirefiguren auftreten. Dies bedeutet, das die Athylenoxidbausteine als strukturelle Unregelmasigkeiten langs der Polymerkette wirken und so zu Gitterfehlstellen Anlas geben.
Beam position monitoring in the AGS Linac to Booster transfer line

A beam position monitor system has been developed and used in the commissioning of Brookhaven's Linac-to-Booster transfer line. This line transports a chopped, RF modulated H/sup -/ beam from the 200-MeV Linac to the AGS Booster. Over a 15-dB dynamic range in beam current, the position monitor system provides a real-time, normalized position signal with an analog bandwidth of about 20 MHz. Seven directional coupler style pickups are installed in the line with each pickup sensing both horizontal and vertical position. A system overview is presented along with results from the commissioning experience. >
TP53 overexpression is an independent adverse prognostic factor in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes with fibrosis

Summary Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis is associated with poor prognosis in patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). TP53 mutations and TP53 (p53) overexpression in MDS are also associated with poor patient outcomes. The prevalence and significance of TP53 mutations and TP53 overexpression in MDS with fibrosis are unknown. We studied 67 patients with de novo MDS demonstrating moderate to severe reticulin fibrosis (MDS-F). Expression of TP53 was evaluated in BM core biopsy specimens using dual-colour CD34/TP53 immunohistochemistry with computer-assisted image analysis. Mutation analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing, or Sanger sequencing methods. TP53 mutations were present in 47·1% of cases. TP53 mutation was significantly associated with TP53 expression (P = 0·0294). High levels of TP53 expression (3 + in ≥10% cells) were associated with higher BM blast counts (P = 0·0149); alterations of chromosomes 5 (P = 0·0009) or 7 (P = 0·0141); complex karyotype (P = 0·0002); high- and very-high risk IPSS-R groups (P = 0·009); and TP53 mutations (P = 0·0003). High TP53 expression independently predicted shorter overall survival (OS) by multivariate analysis (P = <0·001). Expression of TP53 by CD34-positive cells was associated with shorter OS and leukaemia-free survival (P = 0·0428). TP53 overexpression is a predictor of poor outcome in patients with MDS-F.
Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Ca3Co4O9 Ceramics with Parallel Sheet Shaped Pores

Ca3Co4O9 powders were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. Porous Ca3Co4O9 ceramics with parallel sheet shaped pores were prepared by a template sacrifice method using epispastic polystyrend (EPS) hollow spheres as the templates. During compaction of the green body, the EPS hollow spheres change into EPS discs due to the pressing force. After sintering, the pores in the Ca3Co4O9 ceramics are sheet shaped, well distributed and parallel to the pressing surface of compaction. The value of ZT merit of the porous Ca3Co4O9 sample obtained with 10 wt% EPS spheres is 0.0489. It was found that the ZT merit value can be improved by changing the density of sample to achieve a high ratio of electrical conductivity to thermal conductivity.
Behavioral techniques to optimize success of in-office pediatric tympanostomy tube placement without sedation

Abstract Objective Tympanostomy tube insertion is the most common pediatric surgery, but it typically requires general anesthesia. To facilitate in-office tube placement without general anesthesia, two complementary technologies have recently been developed comprising an iontophoresis system for delivering local anesthesia and an integrated tube delivery system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioral support techniques used during a clinical study of the new technology for pediatric in-office tube placement without general anesthesia or physical restraints. Methods As part of an IRB-approved, prospective, nine-center clinical study, pediatric patients requiring tube insertion underwent in-office treatment using the new procedure. The behavior management techniques included preparation, distraction, coaching, and reinforcement for cooperation. The entire procedure was videotaped and two independent coders used the validated FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale to code behavioral distress across five procedural phases. Results Seventy pediatric patients aged 8 months to 17 years ( M = 7.0 years; 51% female) were enrolled in the study and 68 had video recordings available for analysis. Of the 68 recordings analyzed, 63 patients completed the procedure and had tubes placed without sedation. Mean FLACC scores ranged from 0.05 to 2.38 ( M = 1.25, SD = 0.82) and median FLACC scores ranged from 0 to 1 (Mdn = 0, IQR = 0.05), which indicate “mild” distress. During iontophoresis, eardrum tap (anesthesia assessment), and tube delivery, older children displayed lower distress and girls had higher FLACC scores during the eardrum tap procedural phase. Conclusion When combined with the evidence-based behavioral techniques, office-based local anesthesia and tube delivery resulted in minimal distress, suggesting that the new procedure may be a viable method of conducting tympanostomy tube placement in children without having to use general anesthesia. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01496287 .
Influence of anterograde flow in the infarct artery on the incidence of late potentials after acute myocardial infarction.

In patients after myocardial infarction, survival is influenced by the presence or absence of anterograde flow in the infarct artery, and late potentials on signal-averaged electrocardiography identify those at risk for tachyarrhythmias and sudden death. To assess the frequency of late potentials in survivors of first infarction, coronary arteriography and signal-averaged electrocardiography were performed in 109 subjects (64 men, 45 women, aged 30 to 77 years), 49 with (group I) and 60 without (group II) anterograde flow in the infarct artery. The groups were similar in age, sex, infarct artery, severity of coronary artery disease and left ventricular function. However, only 4 (8%) of group I had late potentials, whereas 24 (40%) of group II had late potentials (p < 0.001). Thus, anterograde flow in the infarct artery after myocardial infarction is associated with a low incidence of late potentials on signal-averaged electrocardiography, whereas the absence of anterograde flow is more often associated with late potentials.
Combined Lewis acid and Brønsted acid-mediated reactivity of glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors.

Biomimetic conditions for a synthetic glycosylation reaction, inspired by the highly conserved functionality of carbohydrate active enzymes, were explored. At the outset, we sought to generate proof of principle for this approach to developing catalytic systems for glycosylation. However, control reactions and subsequent kinetic studies showed that a stoichiometric, irreversible reaction of the catalyst and glycosyl donor was occurring, with a remarkable rate variance depending upon the structure of the carboxylic acid. It was subsequently found that a combination of Bronsted acid (carboxylic acid) and Lewis acid (MgBr2) was unique in catalyzing the desired glycosylation reaction. Thus, it was concluded that the two acids act synergistically to catalyze the desired transformation. The role of the catalytic components was tested with a number of control reactions and based on these studies a mechanism is proposed herein.
Deoxyribosyl exchange activity associated with nucleoside phosphorylase.

Abstract During an investigation of deoxyribotide synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cell extracts it was observed that incubation with a mixture of adenosine randomly labeled with C 14 and unlabeled deoxyadenosine resulted in the formation of deoxyinosine labeled exclusively in the hypoxanthine moiety ( Edmonds, 1958 ). A similar transfer of deoxyribose has been observed when unlabeled deoxyguanosine was incubated with C 14 -guanosine or with C 14 -guanine. While such an exchange reaction might be expected to be catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylase in the presence of phosphate, this communication presents evidence that the exchange is, in fact, independent of the presence of inorganic phosphate, but is never-the-less associated with highly purified preparations of nucleoside phosphorylase.
Unaltered Free Base Release from d(CGCGCG)2 Produced by the Direct Effect of Ionizing Radiation at 4 K and Room Temperature

Abstract Sharma, K. K., Purkayastha, S. and Bernhard, W. A. Unaltered Free Base Release from d(CGCGCG)2 Produced by the Direct Effect of Ionizing Radiation at 4 K and Room Temperature. Radiat. Res. 167, 501–507 (2007). Unaltered free base release in d(CGCGCG)2 exposed to X rays at 4 K or room temperature was measured by HPLC. Samples were prepared either as films hydrated to a level of Γ = 2.5 mol water/mol nucleotide or as polycrystalline with Γ ∼ 7.5 mol water/mol nucleotide. X irradiation of films at 4 K, followed by annealing to room temperature, resulted in yields for cytosine and guanine of G(Cyt) = 0.036 ± 0.001 μmol/J and G(Gua) = 0.090 ± 0.002 μmol/J. Irradiation of films at room temperature gave similar yields. The yields for polycrystalline d(CGCGCG)2 X-irradiated at room temperature were G(Cyt) = 0.035 ± 0.005 μmol/J and G(Gua) = 0.077 ± 0.023 μmol/J. The total free base release yield, G(fbr), was 0.124 ± 0.008 μmol/J for films and 0.112 ± 0.028 μmol/J for polycrystalline samples. G(fbr) is be...
Options in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review and Report on a Phase II Study of Vinorelbine Plus Gemcitabine

Although platinum-containing regimens prolong survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), toxicity remains substantial. There is a clear need for a nonplatinum-based regimen which is active, well tolerated, and suitable for outpatient administration. Vinorelbine and gemcitabine have different mechanisms of action and are both active in NSCLC. A phase II trial was undertaken to evaluate activity and tolerability when the two drugs were administered as a first-line combination regimen in 32 patients with stage IIIB/IV disease. Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1,000-1,250 mg/m2 together with vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The overall response rate was 25%, median survival 8.3 months and one-year survival rate 38% (48% in patients of performance status 0-1). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 38% of 148 treatment cycles, however, thrombocytopenia was infrequent and there was no grade 3/4 anemia. Nonhematological toxicity was minimal. The response and survival rates experienced were comparable with standard platinum-based combinations. Ongoing randomized trials will further define the role of the vinorelbine/gemcitabine combination in advanced NSCLC.
Buying Status: Experimental Evidence on Status in Negotiation

Status is an important motivator of human behavior. This article examines the extent to which people are willing to adjust their negotiating behavior in response to their opponent's status level. The results of a series of experiments on the effect of status on student subjects' negotiating behavior are reported. The data suggest that status affects human interactions in a positive way, which causes people to seek status. It is, therefore, a successful advertising strategy to associate high status with consumption of a product.
A Review of: “Dutta, Mohan, J. (2008). Communicating Health: A Cultured-Centered Approach.”

Communicating Health makes an important contribution to current scholarship in health communication by arguing for a reconsideration of the dominant health paradigm from the perspective of the marg...
Hydrogen permeation through dense BaCe0.8Y0.2O3−δ – Ce0.8Y0.2O2−δ composite-ceramic hydrogen separation membranes

Abstract This report quantifies hydrogen permeation through dense 50/50 wt.-% BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3− δ – Ce 0.8 Y 0.2 O 2− δ membranes in which BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3− δ serves as a proton conductor and Ce 0.8 Y 0.2 O 2− δ serves as an electron conductor. A maximum hydrogen flux of 0.0744 mL cm −2 min −1 (5.54 × 10 −4 mol m −2 s −1 ) at 900° C is observed through a 1.44-mm-thick membrane with a 0.5 atm hydrogen partial pressure gradient. This results in a permeability of 0.0107 mL cm −1 min −1 when normalized by thickness. This is one of the highest permeabilities reported to date for proton-conducting ceramic membranes. While permeation rates through BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3− δ – Ce 0.8 Y 0.2 O 2− δ membranes are promising, membrane performance is found to degrade over time. The source of degradation is hypothesized to be the formation of a dopant–deficient phase on the feed-side membrane surface which creates an increased inter-granular contact resistance. Additionally, Ni metal particles are observed inside of internal pores, and at grain boundaries between BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3− δ and Ce 0.8 Y 0.2 O 2− δ grains, indicating the reduction of the NiO used in solid-state reactive sintering during device operation. These particles may contribute to increased mechanical stresses between grains and subsequent membrane fracture. While the permeation demonstrated by these composite membranes is encouraging, further development is needed before these novel materials can be used in commercial applications.
The Intralaminar Nuclei

The obvious cell masses within the internal medullary lamina are the central medial, paracentral, and central lateral nuclei. The central lateral nucleus may be subdivided further, especially in primates (Figs. 12.1 and 12.2). The central medial nucleus is a single nucleus in the part of the lamina that crosses the midline. With it at the midline are found additional cell groups, sometimes referred to as a single rhomboid or central nucleus or subdivided further into subsidiary nuclei with other names. Collectively, the nuclei so far mentioned form the rostral group of intralaminar nuclei (Berman and Jones, 1982) or the central commissural system (Rose, 1942b).
Emergency Department Return Visits Resulting in Admission Do They Reflect Quality of Care

Prior studies have suggested that emergency department (ED) return visits resulting in admission may be a more robust quality indicator than all 72-hour returns. The objective was to evaluate factors that contribute to admission within 72 hours of ED discharge. Each return visit resulting in admission was independently reviewed by 3 physicians. Analysis was by descriptive statistics. Of 45 071 ED discharges, 4.1% returned within 72 hours; 0.96% returned for related reasons and were admitted to wards (91.2%), intensive care units (6.5%), or operating rooms (1.2%). Management was acceptable in 92.6%, suboptimal in 7.4%. Admissions were illness (94.9%), patient (1.6%), and physician related (3.5%). Almost all admissions within 72 hours after ED discharge are illness related, including all intensive care unit admissions and the majority of operating room admissions. Deficiencies in ED care are rarely the reason for admission on return. ED return visits resulting in admission may not be reflective of ED quality of care.
Setting the Table: Majority Party Effects in the United States Senate

This article joins the growing tide of research that studies party effects in the United States Senate. Previous work has shown that certain procedural tools disproportionately advantage the majority party at the expense of the minority. We build on this research by exploiting a new dataset that allows us to study motions to table amendments from the 91st to the 111th Congress. By examining the success of these motions, analyzing the voting calculus of individual senators on procedural and substantive votes, and simulating the aggregate impact of this tool, we provide some of the strongest evidence to date that political parties (and the majority party in particular) influence the legislative process and policy outcomes in the Senate. Our findings stand in stark contrast to the traditional vision of the Senate as an individualistic body.
“A Circular Council of People With Equal Ideas”: The Mentoring Mosaic in a Preservice Teacher Education Program

Mentoring in music education programs is such a ubiquitous part of the process; it is sometimes overlooked or subsumed under other categories. The purpose of this article is to highlight mentoring ...
The Contrast of Selection Criteria of Circulated Gravel Pack with Non-viscous Carrier Fluid,High Rate Water Pack and Frac-packing for Sand Control

After broad investigation,this paper introduces technical principle about circulated gravel pack with non-viscous carrier fluid,high rate water pack and frac-packing for sand-control,each of which can be used in special reservoir.Circulated gravel pack and high rate water pack can be applied in high permeability reservoirs that have been lightly damaged and can't be fractured.To those reservoirs that have high mechanical skin and have bad effect after conventional gravel pack,frac-packing for sand-control is good to be used.
Supporting Mathematical Literacy Development: A Case Study of the Syntax of Introductory Algebra

Existing research on how to develop students’ mathematical literacy skills is limited and offers few explicit recommen- dations regarding verbal and visual cues that can be used by mathematics educators to assist their students in making the connections necessary to develop their fluency in mathematical language, particularly in regard to mathematical syntax. This study examined the methods used by one introductory algebra teacher to support her ninth grade stu- dents’ mathematical literacy skills, specifically examining how she supported their understanding of the mathematical syntax of the distributive property as applied in algebra. Video footage of one class of ninth grade students from an urban high school was analyzed for the teachers’ use of discourse and gestures to support her students’ understanding. Results indicated a consistent pattern in the teachers’ use of dialog, gesture and references to the algebraic expressions.
Probabilistic Modeling of Tone Perception: Autosegmental ‘targets’ are insufficient

Existing tone perception models simply match f0-value strings of stimuli to category templates. Here we propose probabilistic models of Thai tone perception motivated by phonological theory: tone categories are defined by High(H) and Low(L) target combinations associated with syllable moras. Category specific prior probability distributions are computed over these target (f0-value) sets; then, the most likely category of any given stimulus is computed. Probabilities computed by Model 1 are over targets (accuracy: 36.36%); Model 2 are over slopes between targets (accuracy: 63.6%). Overall, this research shows that phonological representations of a single cue are insufficient to account for tone perception.
Assessing collaborative computing: development of the Collaborative-Computing Observation Instrument (C-COI)

AbstractThis paper describes the development, validation, and uses of the Collaborative Computing Observation Instrument (C-COI), a web-based analysis instrument that classifies individual and/or collaborative behaviors of students during computing problem-solving (e.g. coding, programming). The C-COI analyzes data gathered through video and audio screen recording software that captures students’ computer screens as they program, and their conversations with their peers or adults. The instrument allows researchers to organize and quantify these data to track behavioral patterns that could be further analyzed for deeper understanding of persistence and/or collaborative interactions. The article provides a rationale for the C-COI including the development of a theoretical framework for measuring collaborative interactions in computer-mediated environments. This theoretical framework relied on the computer-supported collaborative learning literature related to adaptive help seeking, the joint problem-solving...
Prevalence and correlates of coprescribing anxiolytic medications with extensive prescription opioid use in Veterans Health Administration patients with metastatic cancer.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of concomitant anxiolytic prescription fills in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with metastatic cancer who have extensive prescription opioid use. Design, Setting, and Participants: National VHA data for fiscal year 2012 were used to identify veterans diagnosed with metastatic cancer (ICD-9 codes 196-199) who also had extensive prescription opioid use (at least 10 opioid prescriptions during the year, comprising the highest 29 percent of opioid users). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of receiving anxiolytic medication among veterans with metastatic cancer and extensive prescription opioid use. Results: Of the 5,950 veterans with metastatic cancer and extensive prescription opioid use, 51 percent also received anxiolytic medication, of whom 64 percent had a medical indication and 85 percent had a psychiatric or medical indication for psychotropics. Of those with extensive prescription opioid use who filled an anxiolytic, 64 percent also received antidepressants and 38 percent received three or more classes of psychotropic medication (ie, polypharmacy). In multivariate analyses, factors associated with receipt of an anxiolytic included any anxiety disorder, insomnia, the prescription of antidepressants or antipsychotics, bipolar disorder, younger age, more emergency department visits, and greater number of opioid prescriptions. Conclusions: VHA patients with metastatic cancer and extensive prescription opioid use who are prescribed anxiolytics are likely to have a Food and Drug Administration-approved indication for psychotropics, and anxiolytics in particular, but represent a clinically vulnerable group which merits careful monitoring.
Scalable verification of border gateway protocol configurations with an SMT solver

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) use the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to announce and exchange routes for de- livering packets through the internet. ISPs must carefully configure their BGP routers to ensure traffic is routed reli- ably and securely. Correctly configuring BGP routers has proven challenging in practice, and misconfiguration has led to worldwide outages and traffic hijacks. This paper presents Bagpipe, a system that enables ISPs to declaratively express BGP policies and that automatically verifies that router configurations implement such policies. The novel initial network reduction soundly reduces policy verification to a search for counterexamples in a finite space. An SMT-based symbolic execution engine performs this search efficiently. Bagpipe reduces the size of its search space using predicate abstraction and parallelizes its search using symbolic variable hoisting. Bagpipe's policy specification language is expressive: we expressed policies inferred from real AS configurations, policies from the literature, and policies for 10 Juniper TechLibrary configuration scenarios. Bagpipe is efficient: we ran it on three ASes with a total of over 240,000 lines of Cisco and Juniper BGP configuration. Bagpipe is effective: it revealed 19 policy violations without issuing any false positives.
Climatological relevance to the soiling loss of photovoltaic modules

Dust accumulation on the Photovoltaic (PV) modules, or soiling, is one of the conditions that negatively affect the performance of the modules by obstructing and reducing the incident sunlight. The process of building up the soiling layer on the surface of the PV modules is heavily influenced by the climatological parameters. In this study, the soiling loss of 20° tilted PV modules, mounted on a mock rooftop at ASU-PRL, was monitored during dry and wet periods (May to July, 2014), and correlated with weather parameters and events. As a result of the experiment, Relative Humidity (RH) and Wind Speed (WS) are the major players affecting the soiling loss. Heavy rain acts as a cleaning agent while light rain could be either a cleaning agent or a soiling agent. Being typically followed by rainfall, dust storms in Mesa, AZ, are not sever soiling agents.
Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions [also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs), cervical dysplasias] impact a significant proportion of the population and are among the most commonly encountered diagnoses for the cytopathologist and surgical pathologist. Screening programs to detect and eradicate the subset of these lesions that are precancerous remain among the most impressive success stories in preventative medicine. Although many aspects of cervical neoplasia are familiar to all pathologists, this is a perpetually dynamic field due to changes in both technology and prevalence, leading to ongoing refinement of patient management. Recent decades have seen a rapid expansion in our understanding of cervical carcinogenesis leading to the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, novel testing assays, and effective vaccines. Screening strategies have also undergone renovation in response to these developments. This chapter reviews cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia from its earliest historical characterizations to its most up-to-date molecular underpinnings. It covers terminology, epidemiology, and screening techniques. Cytological and histological features are reviewed, as are morphological mimics. Finally, the molecular basis for disease is discussed with attention to potential immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers.
Algebraic Realization of the Rotor

The rotor enjoys a prominent place in physics. In classical mechanics it is usually offered as the most challenging example of rigid-body motion.1 Applications extend from the simple symmetrical top to the dynamics of mechanical gyros, satellite behavior, and even planetary motion. All physicists learn early in their career that “the polhode rolls on the herpolhode...”!
Natural and managed watersheds show similar responses to recent climate change.

Changes in climate are driving an intensification of the hydrologic cycle and leading to alterations of natural streamflow regimes. Human disturbances such as dams, land-cover change, and water diversions are thought to obscure climate signals in hydrologic systems. As a result, most studies of changing hydroclimatic conditions are limited to areas with natural streamflow. Here, we compare trends in observed streamflow from natural and human-modified watersheds in the United States and Canada for the 1981–2015 water years to evaluate whether comparable responses to climate change are present in both systems. We find that patterns and magnitudes of trends in median daily streamflow, daily streamflow variability, and daily extremes in human-modified watersheds are similar to those from nearby natural watersheds. Streamflow in both systems show negative trends throughout the southern and western United States and positive trends throughout the northeastern United States, the northern Great Plains, and southern prairies of Canada. The trends in both natural and human-modified watersheds are linked to local trends in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, demonstrating that water management and land-cover change have not substantially altered the effects of climate change on human-modified watersheds compared with nearby natural watersheds.
Proteasome inhibition induces IKK-dependent interleukin-8 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells: Opportunity for combination therapy

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells express increased levels of the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8), which promotes their proliferation and migration. Because TNBC patients are unresponsive to current targeted therapies, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. While proteasome inhibition by bortezomib (BZ) or carfilzomib (CZ) has been effective in treating hematological malignancies, it has been less effective in solid tumors, including TNBC, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we report that proteasome inhibition significantly increases expression of IL-8, and its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, in TNBC cells. Suppression or neutralization of the BZ-induced IL-8 potentiates the BZ cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect in TNBC cells. The IL-8 expression induced by proteasome inhibition in TNBC cells is mediated by IκB kinase (IKK), increased nuclear accumulation of p65 NFκB, and by IKK-dependent p65 recruitment to IL-8 promoter. Importantly, inhibition of IKK activity significantly decreases proliferation, migration, and invasion of BZ-treated TNBC cells. These data provide the first evidence demonstrating that proteasome inhibition increases the IL-8 signaling in TNBC cells, and suggesting that IKK inhibitors may increase effectiveness of proteasome inhibitors in treating TNBC.
Analysis and Interpretation of Mass Spectrometry Imaging Datasets

Abstract Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has recently emerged as a widely used technique in application areas including pharmaceutical evaluation, ecosystem physiology, high-throughput screening and many others. Mass spectrometry images are made by raster scanning a sample in two dimensions and acquiring mass spectra at each location. Although there are many ways of performing MSI and a diversity of suitable samples, data analysis steps are generally consistent across experiments. These standard analysis steps include access to and management of the raw data, processing of individual spectra with centroiding and denoising algorithms. They also include normalization approaches to both improve spot-to-spot variability and quantification of molecules. Finally, multivariate statistics approaches are used to navigate the complexity of sometimes overwhelming large volume of information. Here, we present all of these analyses approaches and discuss how and why they are used in MSI.
Freud’s Argument, Part 2: Brain Representationality as the Essence of the Mental

In this chapter, I complete my reconstruction of Freud’s positive argument for the existence of unconscious mental states by providing a step-by-step account of Freud’s philosophical argument that the mental-relevant essence of consciousness is brain representationality. I consider Freud’s understanding of the mind–body problem in historical context, drawing on figures such as Fechner, Hughlings Jackson, and Titchener; Freud’s perceptual model of consciousness and how it differs from Brentano’s “inner perception” model; Freud’s strategy of turning traditional psychophysical parallelism on its head to separate consciousness from the mental; and Freud’s prescient hypothesis that brain representationality—representationality realized unconsciously in the brain—is the essence of the mental.
Thermodynamics of the Second Dissociation Constant and Standards for pH of 3-( N Morpholino) Propanesulfonic Acid (MOPS) Buffers from 5 to 55°C

The second dissociation constant pK2 of 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) has been determined at eight temperatures from 5 to 55°C by measurements of the emf of cells without liquid junction, utilizing hydrogen electrodes and silver–silver chloride electrodes. The pK2 has a value of 7.18 ± 0.001 at 25°C and 7.044 ± 0.002 at 37°C. The thermodynamic quantities ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔC p o have been derived from the temperature coefficients of the pK 2. This buffer at ionic strength I = 0.16 mol-kg−1 close to that of blood serum, has been recommended as a useful secondary pH standard for measurements of physiological fluids. Five buffer solutions with the following compositions were prepared: (a) equimolal mixture of MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS, (0.05 mol-kg−1); (b( MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.05 mol-kg−1); (c) MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1); + NaCl (0.11mol-kg−1); (d) MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1); and (e)MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg−1).The pH values obtained by using the pH meter + glass electrode assembly are compared with those measured from a flow–junction calomel cell saturated with KCl (cell B), as well as those obtained from cell (A) without liquid junction at 25 and 37°C. The conventional values of the liquid junction potentials E j have been obtained at 25 and 37°C for the physiological phosphate reference solution as well as for the MOPS buffers (d) and (e) mentioned above.
Studying the rate of velar elevation across different vowel contexts in normal speech using high speed nasopharyngoscopy

Velum has a range of positions across different speech segments, with the lowest velum position for nasal consonants, a high (closed) position for obstruent consonants, and a range of positions in the middle for sonorant consonants and vowels varying according to constriction degree. Vowel environment has a considerable influence on the rate of velum closure. Changes in the rates of velar positioning during production of vowels in non-nasal speech (H-words) was studied in seven typically speaking adults with general American dialect and normal oral-nasal resonance. The participants were scoped using a Phantom Miro 310 high-speed video camera (Image acquisition rate of 5000 fps) connected to a flexible scope. Measurements were taken simultaneously with capturing acoustic data. The data suggested that velum tends to have a higher elevation point for vowels with higher degree of constriction in the oral cavity like /i/. Further results will be discussed.
Simultaneous retrodiction of multimode optomechanical systems using matched filters

Generation and manipulation of many-body entangled states is of considerable interest, for applications in quantum simulation or sensing, for example. Measurement and verification of the resulting many-body state presents a formidable challenge, however, which can be simplified by multiplexed readout using shared measurement resources. In this work, we analyze and demonstrate state retrodiction for a system of optomechanical oscillators coupled to a single-mode optical cavity. Coupling to the shared cavity field facilitates simultaneous optical measurement of the oscillators' transient dynamics at distinct frequencies. Optimal estimators for the oscillators' initial state can be defined as a set of linear matched filters, derived from a detailed model for the detected homodyne signal. We find that the optimal state estimate for optomechanical retrodiction is obtained from high-cooperativity measurements, reaching estimate sensitivity at the standard quantum limit (SQL). Simultaneous estimation of the state of multiple oscillators places additional limits on the estimate precision, due to the diffusive noise each oscillator adds to the optomechanical signal. However, we show that the sensitivity of simultaneous multimode state retrodiction reaches the SQL for sufficiently well-resolved oscillators. Finally, an experimental demonstration of two-mode retrodiction is presented, which requires further accounting for technical fluctuations of the oscillator frequency.
Knee Valgus Versus Knee Abduction Angle: Comparative Analysis of Medial Knee Collapse Definitions in Female Athletes.

The knee valgus angle (KVA) is heavily researched as it has been shown to correlate to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries when measured during jumping activities. Many different methods of KVA calculation are often treated as equivalent. The purpose of this study is to elucidate differences between these commonly used angles within and across activities to determine if they can indeed properly be treated as equivalent. The kinematics of 23 female athletes, D1 soccer, D1 basketball, and club soccer (height = 171.2 ± 88.9 cm, weight = 66.3 ± 8.6 kg, age = 19.8 ± 1.9 years), was analyzed using a motion capture system during activities related to their sport and daily living. The abduction KVA, measured using body fixed axes, only correlated to the two-dimensional (2D) global reference frame angle (KVA 2G) in three of the six activities (walking, squatting, and walking down stairs), and one out of six in the three-dimensional (3D) measurements (jogging). This suggests that the abduction KVA does not always relate to other versions of KVA. The KVA with reference to the pelvis coordinate system (KVA 2P) correlated to the KVA 2G in six out of six activities (r = 0.734 ± 0.037, P << 0.001) suggesting the pelvis can be utilized as a reference plane during rotating tasks, such as run-to-cut, when a fixed global system is less meaningful. Not all measures of KVA are equivalent and should be considered individually. A thorough understanding of the equivalence or nonequivalence of various measures of KVA is essential in understanding ACL injury risk.
Selective Retreatment and Sinus Lift: An Alternative Approach to Surgically Manage the Palatal Roots of Maxillary Molars

Endodontic microsurgery on the palatal root of maxillary molars presents a clinical challenge because of the root position and approximation from the maxillary sinus floor. Attempting a buccal or a palatal approach to address the root is associated with limited accessibility and visibility as well as the risk of injury to the maxillary sinus membrane and/or the greater palatine nerves and vessels. If all the maxillary molar roots require surgical intervention, two flaps may even be needed, which can make the procedure technically more difficult and lengthier. This case report presents 2 clinical cases in which apicoectomy was needed on the palatal roots of maxillary molars. The treatment includes selective nonsurgical retreatment of the palatal root and obturation using a root repair material followed by a surgical intervention from a buccal approach to treat the buccal roots, sinus lift using piezosurgery, and root resection of the palatal root. The approach was successful in both cases without any untoward events. We monitored the radiographic changes using cone-beam computed tomographic imaging immediately after the surgery and at multiple follow-up appointments. The cone-beam computed tomographic images revealed healing of the periapical disease around all the roots up to 14 and 24 months and apical repositioning of the maxillary sinus floor.
Flame Characteristics Adjacent to a Stationary Line Fire

Thermocouples were used to measure gas temperatures as a function of distance to the edge of a rectangular burner. Experiments varied the energy release rate, burner aspect ratio, wind speed, and s...
COVID-19 and Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs.

Patients on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remain concerned about potential risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Meanwhile, several DMARDs have been proposed as COVID-19 therapies. In patients with autoimmune diseases, baseline glucocorticoid use is associated with severe COVID-19. While classes of DMARDs (e.g., conventional synthetic, targeted synthetic, and biologic) do not appear to be associated with higher risk, specific medications such as rituximab and sulfasalazine may be associated. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) show that glucocorticoids reduce mortality in severe COVID-19. RCTs suggest other agents, such as baricitinib, may improve COVID-19 outcomes in certain populations. Baseline glucocorticoid use raises the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases, but glucocorticoids are an effective treatment for those with severe COVID-19. Further research is needed to inform DMARD management in autoimmune disease patients during the pandemic and the role of DMARDs in COVID-19 treatment.
Review of the published literature to characterise clinical excellence in COVID-19 care

COVID-19 continues to be a major source of global morbidity and mortality. It abruptly stressed healthcare systems early in 2020 and the pressures continue. Devastating hardships have been endured by individuals, families and communities; the losses will be felt for years to come. As healthcare professionals and organisations stepped up to respond to the overwhelming number of cases, it is understandable that the focus has been primarily on coping with the quantity of the demand. During a pandemic, it is not surprising that few papers have drawn attention to the quality of the care delivered to those afflicted with illness. Despite the challenges, clinicians caring for patients with COVID-19 have risen to the occasion. This manuscript highlights aspirational examples from the published literature of thoughtful and superb care of patients with COVID-19 using an established framework for clinical excellence (formulated by the Miller-Coulson Academy of Clinical Excellence).
Text Mining for Type of Research Classification

This project brought together undergraduate students in Computer Science with librarians to mine abstracts of articles from the Texas A&M University Libraries’ institutional repository, OAKTrust, i...