cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains to a human colonic epithelial cell line (T84).

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) produce Shiga-like toxins and attach to certain tissue culture cells. T84 cells are human colonic carcinoma cells. Unlike previously studied cell lines, T84 cells grown on collagen-coated surfaces polarize and produce tight junctions and desmosomes, forming a colonic epithelial cell layer in vitro. The purpose of this study was to examine the attachment of EHEC strains to the T84 cell line as a possibly more relevant in vitro model of EHEC adherence. Twelve EHEC strains were grown overnight in Penassay broth, suspended in minimal essential medium with and without 0.5% mannose, and incubated for 1 to 3 h with 5- to 7-day-old T84 cell monolayers grown on collagen-coated coverslips. The bacteria were removed, and attachment was quantitated microscopically. For both E. coli O157:H7 and other EHEC serotypes, there were marked differences in adherence between strains (range of 152 to 3 bacteria per oil immersion field). Mannose partially inhibited the adherence of some EHEC strains. Adherence to the T84 cells appeared to be related to the amount of pili present and not to the serotype. Electron micrographs showed that a highly adherent strain (strain 43-12) tended to form microcolonies in the area of tight junctions on the T84 cell monolayers. In addition, the attachment of these EHEC strains to T84 cells correlated with their ability to adhere to isolated rabbit colonocytes (r = 0.91, P = 0.00004; without mannose) (r = 0.60, P = 0.04; with mannose). These data show that there are EHEC strain-related differences in adherence which can be demonstrated in a human-derived colonic epithelial cell line (T84) and that these cells can be used to study EHEC adherence. Images
Epigenetic Modulation of Microglial Inflammatory Gene Loci in Helminth-Induced Immune Suppression Implications for Immune Regulation in Neurocysticercosis

In neurocysticercosis, parasite-induced immune suppressive effects are thought to play an important role in enabling site-specific inhibition of inflammatory responses to infections. It is axiomati...
Studying Race and Religion: A Critical Assessment

The authors provide an analytical review of the past 115 years of scholarship on race, ethnicity, and religion. Too often work in the study of race and ethnicity has not taken the influence of reli...
An Approach for Optimization of Object Queries on Collections Using Annotations

Object oriented programming languages have raised the level of abstraction by supporting the object querying on collections. Programming languages can execute first class query constructs, using query optimization techniques from the database field, for run time optimizations. Existing approaches, however, such as Java Query Language (JQL), which executes such query constructs on collections have high run time overhead. Therefore, we propose an approach to reduce the burden of run time overhead by performing most of the query optimization for object queries on collections at compile time. This approach both analyzes the source code and obtains the metadata provided through annotations. It relies on building histograms from the metadata information. Then, the predicate and join selectivity estimates within a query are computed from these histograms. The selectivity estimates are maintained accurate with the incremental maintenance of histograms to the data changes in the program at run time. Next, both the selection and join optimizations are applied on the queries. The optimizations help in skipping and eliminating the execution of some of the predicates and joins based on the collected metadata. Finally, a query plan is generated at the compile time through the proposed selectivity cost heuristic. The query itself is executed at run time according to the determined query plan. But, in cases of inaccurate metadata and significant data changes in the source code, the query plan is modified at run time according to the correct selectivity estimates obtained from the updated histograms. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach reduces the run time overhead of a program with collections more than the earlier approaches such as JQL.
OBJECTIVE WORKLOAD AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE IN AIRPORT RADAR CONTROL ROOMS

Previous research indicated that peak traffic and the duration of radio-communications were good predictors of behavioral response of air traffic controllers working air route traffic control centers. This study investigated whether these two measures of workload are generalizable to controllers (ATCs) working in radar facilities serving major airports. 3,110 observations were made on radar sectors at the 13 major radar control rooms in the U.S.A. A large number of air traffic variables and communication tasks were measured. Behavioral ratings were made by expert-observer ATC's. The results replicated previous findings that peak traffic and the duration of radio-communications functioned as behavioral stressors. Time monitoring and stand-by time also were found to predict behavioral responses. Careful consideration of these and other results led to the conclusion that peak traffic is the most generalizable environmental stressor for ATC's behavior whereas the other workload measures are more correctly viewed as concomitants of the demand characteristics of ATC work.
Study of mechanisms of electric field-induced DNA transfection. V. Effects of DNA topology on surface binding, cell uptake, expression, and integration into host chromosomes of DNA in the mammalian cell

Neumann and coworkers (Neumann, E., M. Schaefer-Ridder, Y. Wang, and P. H. Hofschneider. 1982. EMBO J. 1:841–845) have shown that the efficiency of pulsed electric field (PEF)-induced DNA transfection of mouse L-cells by the thymidine kinase gene is several times higher for the linear DNA than for the closed circular DNA. Transfection of Escherichia coli bacteria by several plasmids indicates that the transfection efficiency was much higher for the closed circular/supercoiled (sc-) and circular/relaxed (cr-) DNA than for the linearized (In-) DNA (Xie, T. D., L. Sun, H. G. Zhao, J. A. Fuchs, and T. Y. Tsong. 1992. Biophys. J. 63:1026–1031). To resolve these conflicting observations, we have systematically examined electrotransfection of NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast by the plasmids, pRSVcat, pRSVneo, and pRSVgpt. Mg(2+)-facilitated surface binding of DNA before, and DNA uptake by 3T3 cells after treatment with PEF, were monitored by 3H-labeled plasmids. Transfection efficiency was evaluated by both the transient expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) activity 2–3 days after, and the permanent expression of neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) and xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (gpt) genes in the transformants 2 weeks after the PEF treatment. Our results indicate that cell surface binding and PEF-induced cell uptake of DNA did not depend on the topology of DNA. However, both the transient and the permanent expression of the plasmids were three to five times more efficient for the cr-DNA and the sc-DNA than for the in-DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The impact of the boston ocular surface prosthesis on wavefront higher-order aberrations

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the Boston Ocular Surface Prosthesis (Boston Foundation for Sight) on higher-order wavefront aberrations in eyes with keratoconus, eyes that have undergone penetrating keratoplasty, eyes that have undergone refractive surgery, and eyes with ocular surface diseases. Design Prospective, clinical study. Methods The study evaluated 56 eyes of 39 patients with irregular astigmatism who were treated with the Boston Ocular Surface Prosthesis when conventional treatments failed. Patients were sorted into 4 clinical groups based on the underlying cause of irregular astigmatism, including keratoconus (group 1), post–penetrating keratoplasty (group 2), post–refractive surgery (group 3), and ocular surface diseases (group 4). Another 6 eyes of 5 patients who were treated with rigid gas permeable lenses also were evaluated. Best-corrected visual acuity; topographic refractive indices, including spherical, cylindrical, spherical equivalent values; and higher-order and total wavefront aberration errors were noted at baseline and after fitting the lens. Results In all groups, higher-order wavefront aberration error was noted to decrease significantly in eyes wearing the Boston Ocular Surface Prosthesis ( P P = .001, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). By post hoc analysis, significant differences in the level of higher-order aberrations were observed only between groups 1 and 4 ( P = .012) and groups 1 and 2 ( P = .033). In the overall group, mean correction rate of higher-order aberration error with the Boston Ocular Surface Prosthesis was 72.3%. However, in eyes with rigid gas permeable lenses, 2 eyes demonstrated increased higher-order aberration error, whereas the mean correction rate in other 4 eyes was only 42.5%. Conclusions With its unique structure, the Boston Ocular Surface Prosthesis was found to be very effective in reducing higher-order wavefront aberrations in patients with irregular astigmatism resulting from a number of corneal and ocular surface conditions who had not responded satisfactorily to conventional methods of optical correction.
Quantitative theory of structural relaxation in supercooled liquids and folded proteins

This article provides a brief, up-to-date review of the theory of activated relaxations in supercooled condensed systems, of Wolynes and coworkers. Supercooled liquids and frozen glasses are truly frustrated systems whose microscopic dynamics consist of cooperative motions, high in the energy spectrum of structural states, and well above the defect states of an ordered solid. There is a temperature below which activated processes dominate dynamics and thus a free energy landscape emerges, many of whose microscopic attributes can be computed. In addition to signature phenomena in supercooled liquids, we apply this microscopic picture to the phenomenon of slaving of large scale conformational changes of a folded protein, imbedded in a glass-forming solvent, to the solvent motions. The size of the basin encompassing the corresponding conformational substates will be deduced, based on kinetic measurements alone. Implications of the theory for interpreting computer simulations of glass-forming systems are discussed.
Attribution and Social Influence1

This article utilizes an attributional approach to explore genotypic similarities among Raven's (1965) 6 bases of power. Two scenarios describing a successful influence attempt leading to a good or a bad outcome were created. Following a randomized blocks design, 60 subjects in each condition read 6 explanations given by the target of influence that reflected the bases of power of Raven's taxonomy (reward, coercion, legitimate, referent, expert, and informational). Rating scales following each power basis explanation assessed the perceived causal dimensions of locus and controllability attributed to the target of influence's behavior and how much the behavior led, in the good and bad outcome conditions, respectively, to pride (guilt), self-esteem enhancement (decrement), responsibility (as perceived by self and by others), and gratitude (anger). The results revealed that reward, referent, and informational influence are genotypically similar and perceived as more internal and more controllable than expert, legitimate, and coercive influence. These perceptions, in turn, led to higher degrees of affective reactions, confirming the predictions of Weiner's theory (1986). The results are related to Milgram's (1963) obedience studies and Kelman and Hamilton's (1989) crimes of obedience. Comments on why reward and coercive influence were found to be genotypically distinct in this study are also presented. Implications of the actor/observer bias in studies of this nature are indicated.
Peptide--water association in peptide crystals.

The structures of 37 peptide crystals, containing 78 water-peptide hydrogen bonds and 77 other hydrogen bonds involving water, were surveyed to identify the geometry of peptide backbone hydration. In the sample, hydration of peptide carbonyl occurred more frequently than hydration of peptide N--H. The most probable value of the C'=O ... O water angle was near 138 degrees, considerably greater than the 120 degrees to the axis of a lone electron pair on the carbonyl oxygen. Associated water oxygens tended to be in the plane of the peptide bond, bui--H and Ci+1=O atoms, was common in glycine-containing cyclic hexapeptides. The distribution of angles between two hydrogen bonds at a single water molecule, as defined by the three nonhydrogen atoms involved, was centered near the tetrahedral angle.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody capable of reliably quantifying expression of Human Copper Transporter 1 (hCTR1)

Human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1) is the high-affinity copper influx transporter in mammalian cells that also mediates the influx of cisplatin. Loss of hCTR1 expression has been implicated in the development of resistance to this cancer chemotherapeutic agent. It has turned out to be very difficult to develop antibodies to hCTR1 and polyclonal antibodies produced by different laboratories have yielded conflicting results. We have characterized a newly-available rabbit monoclonal antibody that reacts with an epitope on the N-terminal end of hCTR1 that now permits rigorous identification and quantification of hCTR1 using Western blot analysis. Postnuclear membrane (PNM) preparations made from cells engineered to express high levels of myc-tagged hCTR1, and cells in which the expression of hCTR1 was knocked down, were used to characterize the antibody. The identity of the bands detected was confirmed by immunoprecipitation, surface biotinylation and deglycosylation of myc-tagged hCTR1. Despite the specificity expected of a monoclonal antibody, the anti-hCTR1 detected a variety of bands in whole cell lysates (WCL), which made it difficult to quantify hCTR1. This problem was overcome by isolating post-nuclear membranes and using these for further analysis. Three bands were identified using this antibody in PNM preparations that migrated at 28, 33-35 and 62-64kDa. Multiple lines of evidence presented here suggest that the 33-35 and 62-64kDa bands are hCTR1 whereas the 28kDa band is a cross-reacting protein of unknown identify. The 33-35kDa band is consistent with the expected MW of the glycosylated hCTR1 monomer. This analysis now permits rigorous identification and quantification of hCTR1.
How to Proceed toward Electronic Archives and Publishing

William Gardner's article (1990) is clear, penetrating, provocative, and well researched. It warrants careful reading. Beyond that, it serves as a overview of an important field for modern day science, namely the future of the publication process. As such, Gardner's article acts as a review of some of the key work in this area, and it is hoped, will entice many readers to examine the carefully selected set of references. My disputes with Gardner lie principally in three areas. First, his vision is focused primarily on psychology; he does not open the horizon to the issue of accessing the world's totality of knowledge. This is forgivable, since others such as Schatz (1985) have addressed this larger problem. Indeed, as long as one keeps the ultimate goal in mind, it probably really is wisest now to harness modern technology toward the reachable goal of computerizing the literature of a single scientific discipline. Second, Gardner makes the error of calling for a centralized archive. All that is really needed is an archive, or an "electronic library," since modern computer technology lets us have an archive physically located in a variety of places, but logically or electronically integrated. Thus, STN International (scientific and technical information network) has data that are physically split between the U.S., Germany, and Japan, but which are accessed through a single network. This principle could be carried even further, with networks that also have hierarchical organizations, typically based on institutional, regional, national, and international levels. The third and final criticism of the Gardner article, which is the focus of the rest of this commentary, is that he fails to chart a path toward his goal. The "Making it happen" section indicates that the obvious problems are likely to be surmounted. The "Architecture for representing scientific documents" section identifies some aspects of a solution but does not go far enough. The question remains: How do we develop an electroni archive? To discuss this, we deal with three aspects. First, what exactly are the objectives of various groups working toward the goal of an electronic archive. Second, what related efforts have been made that will help us approach the goal. Finally, what steps have others already taken and what steps remain so that electronic archives can become a reality.
Type 1 diabetes: children and adolescents' knowledge and questions.

Title. Type 1 diabetes: children and adolescents’ knowledge and questions. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe what children and adolescents who have type 1 diabetes know and want to know about the disease. Background. Research indicates that young people’s knowledge of diabetes may minimize their health complications, because with greater knowledge they may engage in more effective management practices and adherence. Methods. In this qualitative study, a purposive sample of 58 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were interviewed in 2005 about what they knew and wanted to know about their disease. Through a process of induction, major themes were identified from the data. Findings. The six major themes were: (a) Care, including both physical and emotional care, (b) Physiology, (c) Consequences, including both short- and long-term, as well as positive and negative consequences, (d) Cure, (e) Effects on the Family and (f) Experience at Diagnosis. Themes related to the unique challenges associated with type 1 diabetes were also identified. Conclusion. Nurses, diabetes educators and parents should provide developmentally appropriate information about diabetes care and management, scaffolding on existing knowledge. They should provide child-centred contexts in which children and adolescents can freely ask questions about their condition and problem-solve. Programmes that allow young people to develop coping skills and share experiences could also prove beneficial.
Function Spaces Associated with Schrödinger Operators: The Pöschl-Teller Potential

We address the function space theory associated with the Schrodinger operator H = −d2/dx2 + V. The discussion is featured with potential V (x) = −n(n + 1) sech2x, which is called in quantum physics Poschl-Teller potential. Using a dyadic system, we introduce Triebel-Lizorkin spaces and Besov spaces associated with H. We then use interpolation method to identify these spaces with the classical ones for a certain range of p, q > 1. A physical implication is that the corresponding wave function ψ(t, x) = e−itHf(x) admits appropriate time decay in the Besov space scale.
Exponential Parameter Estimation for Data Sets Containing Left and Right Censored Observations

Lifetime data sets may contain both left and right censored observations. Regression, maximum likelihood, and the best iinear unbiased parameter estimates are given for the exponential distribution, along with a comparison of the estimators.
Detection and localization of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl-induced P4501A protein in avian primary immune tissues

Abstract P4501A can be detected in thymic and bursal microsomes from chickens pretreated with 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) using a polyclonal antibody against purified P4501A from 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induced chicken embryo liver. A dose-response for induction by TCB of P4501A protein was detected by Western blotting in both bursal and thymic microsomes. Ethyoxyresorufin- O -deethylase (EROD), a specific catalytic activity of P4501A, was also induced in a dose-response fashion. More TCB-induced P4501A was detected in thymus than bursa by both methods. No EROD was detected in bursal or thymic microsomes from untreated chickens, although P4501A protein was detected at very low levels in thymic microsomes from untreated chickens. P4501A was detected by immunohistorchemistry in scattered patches of non-lymphocytic cells residing in medullary regions of the TCB-induced thymus but was not detected in lymphocytes. This result supports previous work demonstrating that TCB-inducible EROD is much higher in the supporting tissue cell fractions than in lymphocycte fractions of the primary immune tissues. Although EROD was induced by TCB in the late stage embryo after 20 h exposure, no effect of TCB on the cell cycle in thymic or bursal lymphocytes was observed over the same period. The same TCB exposure resulted in bursal but not thymic cellular depletion. Thymic and bursal supporting tissue cells may be primary sites of immunosuppression within these organs by P4501A inducers or substrates whether immunosuppression occurs subsequent to metabolism or through interaction with Ah receptors.
The effect of epsilon aminocaproic acid on the blood loss after retropubic prostatectomy.

SUMMARY A controlled trial involving unselected patients was performed in which 20 g. or 20 mg. of E.A.C.A. were administered intravenously over a period of twenty–four hours immediately following retropubic prostatectomy for benign hyperplasia.
Sexual Identity Formation of Women Who Love Women: A Contextual View Point

Nonheterosexuals experience oppression and discrimination that affect personal development on all levels. An increased awareness of sexual identity development could create more inclusive sexual identity models, better understanding for counselor educators, and better training for counselors on issues of sexual identity. The purpose of this study was to identify the life experiences that influence sexual identity in women who love women. This study required that participants attach meaning to sexual identity formation. From the data collected, four themes emerged: I was just different, information seeking, view of self as a woman within the context of culture, and contextual relationships. Findings of this study did not support a stage model of sexual identity development. Instead, this study supported the view that sexual identity is fluid and strongly related to relationships with peer groups.
Colchicine treatment of the sciatic nerve reduces neurogenic extravasation, but does not affect nociceptive thresholds or collateral sprouting in neuropathic or normal rats

The effect of topical colchicine treatment of the sciatic nerve on sciatic and saphenous nociceptive thresholds and neurogenic extravasation was investigated in normal and neuropathic rats. After a pilot investigation using several different concentrations of colchicine it was determined that treating the sciatic nerve with 5 mM colchicine did not usually affect the heat nociceptive threshold over the sciatic innervated plantar surface of the hindpaw. Mechanical nociception and motor function were also unchanged. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve after intravenous injection of Evans blue dye causes extravasation of the dye in the cutaneous distribution of the nerve. The area and quantity of sciatic extravasation were measured 3 weeks after treating the sciatic nerve with colchicine. This treatment results in a marked loss of neurogenic extravasation, but there were no changes in the sciatic and saphenous mediated heat and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. The area of saphenous nociceptive innervation was mapped using pinch responses and saphenous neurogenic extravasation acutely after sciatic section. There was no change in the cutaneous distribution of saphenous nociceptive fibers when measured 3 weeks after the sciatic colchicine treatment. Some rats had their sciatic nerves transected immediately after colchicine treatment (5 and 50 mM) and the saphenous nociceptive thresholds and autotomy scores were followed postoperatively. Colchicine pretreatment of the sciatic nerve has no effect on the development of hyperalgesia or autotomy. Colchicine blocks axonal transport in peripheral nerve, including the orthograde transport of tachykinins, which probably explains its ability to induce prolonged reductions in sciatic neurogenic extravasation at concentrations that spare C-fiber nociceptor function. Sciatic nerve colchicine treatment does not trigger nociceptive fiber collateral sprouting from the adjacent saphenous nerve, nor does it influence the development of hyperalgesia and autotomy behavior after sciatic transection.
Stimulation of purified muscle protein kinase by cyclic AMP and its butyrated derivatives

Abstract 1. 1. N6,O2′-Dibutyryl AMP, N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP and O2′-monobutyryl cyclic AMP and O2′-monobutyryl cyclic AMP are able to activate to the same maximal velocity purified mucle cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The concentrations required for this maximal stimulation, however, are widely different, the most effective being the N6-monobutyryl derivative. 2. 2. The relatively low Ka for N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP (2·10−7–3·10−7 M), Ka for cyclic AMP 8·10−8 M), the observed similarity wich cyclic AMP in its ability to dissociate the protein kinase, and the reported formation of N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP from dibutyryl cyclic AMP in many cells strongly suggests a direct effect of the N6 derivative on the protein kinase, not involving formation of free cyclic AMP or inhibition of phosphodiesterase.
Deficient HCO3- transport in an AE1 mutant with normal Cl- transport can be rescued by carbonic anhydrase II presented on an adjacent AE1 protomer.

Abstract Cl-/ exchange activity mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger is reduced by carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) inhibition or by prevention of CA2 binding to the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. This type of AE1 inhibition is thought to represent reduced metabolic channeling of to the intracellular binding site of AE1. To test the hypothesis that CA2 binding might itself allosterically activate AE1 in Xenopus oocytes, we compared Cl-/Cl- and Cl-/ exchange activities of AE1 polypeptides with truncation and missense mutations in the C-terminal tail. The distal renal tubular acidosis-associated AE1 901X mutant exhibited both Cl-/Cl- and Cl-/ exchange activities. In contrast, AE1 896X, 891X, and AE1 missense mutants in the CA2 binding site were inactive as Cl-/ exchangers despite exhibiting normal Cl-/Cl- exchange activities. Co-expression of CA2 enhanced wild-type AE1-mediated Cl-/ exchange, but not Cl-/Cl- exchange. CA2 co-expression could not rescue Cl-/ exchange activity in AE1 mutants selectively impaired in Cl-/ exchange. However, co-expression of transport-incompetent AE1 mutants with intact CA2 binding sites completely rescued Cl-/ exchange by an AE1 missense mutant devoid of CA2 binding, with activity further enhanced by CA2 co-expression. The same transport-incompetent AE1 mutants failed to rescue Cl-/ exchange by the AE1 truncation mutant 896X, despite preservation of the latter's core CA2 binding site. These data increase the minimal extent of a functionally defined CA2 binding site in AE1. The inter-protomeric rescue of transport within the AE1 dimer shows functional proximity of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of one protomer to the anion translocation pathway in the adjacent protomer within the AE1 heterodimer. The data strongly support the hypothesis that an intact transbilayer anion translocation pathway is completely contained within an AE1 monomer.
Mesenchymal stem cell marker Stro-1 is a 75kd endothelial antigen

Stro-1 is the best-known mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker. However, previous studies have observed its expression in the endothelium. In the present study we performed immunofluorescence (IF) staining for Stro-1, using endothelial marker vWF as reference. In the liver, both proteins were expressed in the endothelium of the central veins and hepatic sinusoids. In the lung, both were expressed in the endothelium of pulmonary blood vessels, but while vWF was absent in the alveolar capillaries, Stro-1 was present. In the kidney, both were expressed in the endothelium of renal arterial branches, but while vWF was strongly expressed in the glomeruli, Stro-1 only scantly. IF staining in cultured endothelial cells also showed extensive overlaps between Stro-1 and vWF. Western blot analysis with Stro-1 antibody detected a single protein band of 75kd in endothelial cells but not smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, or B cells. Cancer cell lines PC3, DU145, MCF7, and K562 were also positive. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) expressed higher levels of Stro-1 when cultured beyond the first passage or when induced to differentiate into endothelial cells. These data, together with previous studies, indicate that Stro-1 is intrinsically an endothelial antigen, and its expression in MSC is probably an induced event.
Communication Among Grandmothers, Mothers, and Adult Daughters: A Qualitative Study of Maternal Relationships. Michelle A. Miller-Day

Communication Among Grandmothers, Mothers, and Adult Daughters: A Qualitative Study of Maternal Relationships. Michelle A. Miller-Day. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2004. 254 pp. ISBN 0-8058-3979-8. $59.95 (cloth). Michelle A. Miller-Day makes a significant contribution to the understanding of women's intergenerational relationships with her book, Communication Among Grandmothers, Mothers, and Adult Daughters. Based on interviews and observational data for six families (18 women) from a White, suburban community in the Midwestern United States, the author examines women's experiences of maternal relationships across the life course and the role of communication in those relationships. Using a dialectical perspective, Miller-Day illuminates both the source and consequences of relational contradictions in maternal relationships. Most of the relationships in Miller-Day's study were relatively stable. Mothers and daughters and grandmothers and granddaughters managed the contradictions of stability and change and constancy and variation across the lifetime on a daily basis. The women balanced a desire for both connection and separation. Half of the dyads perceived this process of differentiation as normal (referred to as connected relationships), while the other half experienced the separation as threatening to the relationship (referred to as enmeshed relationships). Women in the connected relationships emphasized togetherness. Personal distance, generational boundaries, and differentiation were respected and encouraged. In the enmeshed relationships, however, women sought continuous validation from one another and struggled over control of emotional resources as a result of the threat from separation. It is this second group of women that the author focuses on the latter part of her book. Discursive practices differed substantially across the enmeshed and connected dyads. The enmeshed scripts reflected a relational culture that did not tolerate new meanings, autonomy, or challenges to the status of women higher in the family hierarchy. Miller-Day explains this using a midrange, grounded theory called necessary convergence of meaning. She argues that in enmeshed relationships, there is low tolerance for differentiation. Afraid to challenge the dominant partner's meanings or offer her own interpretation, the lower status woman secures relational acceptance and avoids rejection by developing a script that converges with the higher status partner's construction of meaning. Adult daughters and granddaughters in enmeshed relationships would defer to the higher status woman in the family, overaccommodate her interpretation of events, and ultimately converge to her interpretive framework. …
Analysis of the 2009 earthquake swarm near Sunset Crater volcano, Arizona

Abstract A swarm of microearthquakes occurred on October 31, 2009 within 5 km of the Sunset Crater, Arizona, volcano. A detailed study of the swarm was warranted because of its location near a young volcanic construct and its proximity to the population center of Flagstaff, Arizona. The question posed in this study was whether the swarm was the result of tectonic stress release during fault slip, or due to stresses driven by magmatic processes. This question was addressed by analyzing and comparing the physical and seismic characteristics of the swarm to the regional tectonic environment and to the characteristics of tectonic swarms in Arizona and magmatic/volcanic swarms elsewhere. This analysis included swarm duration, frequency of events, b-value, focal depths and epicentral pattern of the swarm. The comparison of the salient features of the 2009 Sunset Crater swarm to both magmatic and tectonic swarms indicates that the Sunset Crater swarm has features similar to magmatic swarms and is a potential magmatic swarm candidate.
Effect of electron electron interactions in a quantum dot with a tapered constriction

Abstract We study the effect of electron–electron interactions between several electrons in a quantum dot with a tapered constriction by monitoring the behavior of the position of the absolute charge density maximum, Z max , of each occupied state under DC electric fields. States of this system are localized in, and can be identified with, either the left- or right-hand region, separated by the neck of the constriction. To demonstrate the effect, two cases with three electrons in the quantum dot were studied: (1) One electron is in the left-hand side region and the other two electrons are in the right-hand side region. They occupy the two lowest energy states of the quantum dot system. The movement of the Z max of the singly occupied state through the constriction does not show any unusual behavior except that it can be accelerated by a resonance process. (2) All three electrons are in the left-hand side region and occupy the two lowest energy states in that region. In this case, the Z max ’s of the two states move through the constriction in a competitive manner which would not be anticipated on the basis of either energy considerations or the results of case 1. Furthermore, and most significantly, we show that this unusual behavior depends completely upon electron–electron interactions: if they are not taken into account, it does not occur. We show also that this competitive process can occur in a ground-state configuration.
Partitioning of cesium in phases produced by grouted waste injection

Phases present in injected grouts were characterized by use of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and ..beta..-..gamma.. autoradiography. A laboratory-produced sample containing 1 wt % stable cesium and an actual grout sheet obtained by core drilling were examined. The phases present in these samples were identified, and cesium was found to be absorbed almost entirely by illite clay agglomerates. These clay agglomerates were tightly bound within the grout structure by hydrated calcium silicates. The ..beta..-..gamma.. autoradiography of the core-drilled sample verified that cesium and other radionuclides were trapped within the 20-year-old grout and had not migrated into trapped shale fragments. 9 references, 3 figures, 1 table.
Evidence for lipolytic action by human plasma obtained after intravenous administration of heparin.

Summary1. Plasma from human subjects who have received intravenous heparin a short time previously, when incubated with certain lipoproteins for period of 4 to 8 hours at 37°C, has been found to cause partial hydrolysis of the glyceride component of the lipoprotein with concomitant release of fatty acids. Sera from the same individuals before heparin administration did not cause measurably real hydrolysis under the same conditions. 2. Heating the plasma before incubation prevents the reaction, but of a number of common enzyme inhibitors tried, only sodium arsenite is effective. 3. Our results are consistent with—and may at least partially explain—certain other lipoprotein changes which may be classed as heparin effects, e.g., the observed redistribution of lipoproteins shown by the ultracentrifuge, and the cleaning of turbidity in egg lipoprotein solutions.
Analysis of quality of life data from a randomized, placebo-controlled heart-failure trial.

Abstract In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-months trial involving 111 congestive heart failure patients, one non-validated and three validated Quality of Life (QL) instruments were administered. Two randomized treatment groups were evaluated, one with 62 patients who continued on standard therapy and the other with 49 patients whose standard therapy was replaced by placebo. The data from Patient's Self-rating Scale (a non-validated instrument) and Spitzer's QL index showed a significant difference between the two treatment groups for an overall effect. There were no significant differences between two treatment groups for Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and Quality of Well-Being (QWB). For analyzing the multiple components in a QL instrument, the global statistics as suggested by O'Brien were applied to compare the two treatment groups. Univariate statistics complemented the global methods. The general use of global statistics in analyzing QL data is recommended.
The effects of role-reversal during the discussion of opposing viewpoints:

operation has also been stressed by theorists who have been concerned with ways of facilitating the resolution of intrapsychic, interpersonal, or international conflict. These theorists (Moreno, 1955; Cohen, 1950, 1951; Rogers, 1952; Rapoport, 1960; Deutsch, 1962) have advocated rolereversal as a means of reducing conflict. "Role-reversal" is a discussion procedure in which individual A presents individual B's viewpoint while individual B reciprocates by presenting A's viewpoint. They have postulated that such mutual taking of one another's role alleviates conflict by such processes as: reducing self-defensiveness, increasing one's understanding of the other's views, increasing the perceived similarity between self and other, increasing the awareness of the positive features in the other's viewpoint and the dubious elements in one's own position.
A new preparation of tricarbonyl(η5-pentadienyl) manganese

Abstract Tricarbonyl(η 5 -pentadienyl)manganese has been prepared by the reaction of 5-bromo-1,3-pentadiene with bromopentacarbonyl manganese under phase transfer catalysis conditions in the presence of a base. A comparison of phase transfer catalysts, solvents, bases and reaction conditions is described.
Objections to an Objectivist Approach to Integrity

This article challenges Becker's objectivist account of integrity in organizations. Although existing approaches to workplace integrity are flawed by conceptual and methodological inconsistencies, an objectivist analysis is unable to resolve these problems and raises new concerns. We develop three lines of argument. First, we critique objectivism as a philosophical system of questionable legitimacy and coherence. Second, we argue that the fundamental objectivist principle of rational egoism is inferior to existing theories of business ethics as a means of defining moral behavior in organizations. Third, we contend that the objectivist account of integrity understates the role of social power as a determinant of organizational choices and outcomes.
Adapting a diabetes patient education program for use as a university course.

A study was conducted to determine if a patient education program, "Life With Diabetes, " could be converted to an undergraduate course. The course consisted of seven 2-hour sessions with presentations by a physician, dietitian, psychologist, and clinical nurse specialists. Topics included definition, treatment, nutrition, monitoring, children, older adults, and patient empowerment. A total of 52 students (45 without diabetes, 7 with diabetes) have completed this one-credit course. A patient diabetes knowledge test and a 50-item Diabetes Attitude Survey were administered before and after the course. For the students without diabetes, mean knowledge posttest scores improved significantly, and significant changes were seen on the attitude subscales, with posttest scores moving closer to those of a national panel of diabetes experts. Students with diabetes scored closer to the national panel on the pretest and improved significantly only on the patient autonomy subscale. This course measurably improved knowledge and attitudes among undergraduates, suggesting that a patient education program can be adapted successfully to provide additional training opportunities for diabetes education programs.
Laser Personalization Of Integrated Circuits

The use of nanosecond dye laser pulses to form low resistance reliable ohmic contacts between conductors on integrated circuit chips after fabrication is described. Possible applications which show the potential importance of this process to integrated circuit personalization are discussed.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Subjective random number generation and attention deployment during acquisition and overlearning of a motor skill

The hypothesis that task attentional requirements vary inversely with increases in the efficiency of task performance was evaluated. Three experimental groups (N = 8, N = 6, N = 3) were required to learn a two-hand coordination task (THC). To assess changing attentional demands at different levels of skilled THC performance, subjects simultaneously performed a random number generation task (RNG) on two or four trials of the THC task; these trials occurred during initial acquisition, during semiskilled performance, at performance asymptote, or after overlearning. The RNG index showed marked deterioration during initial acquisition (p <.005), remained below baseline but improved during semiskilled performance (p <.05), and partially and completely recovered to original baseline levels during the mastery and overlearning trials. The RNG procedure may provide a brief, sensitive, and consistent measure of attention deployment during the performance of tasks and in the learning and acquisition of complex skills.
Keck Infrared Observations of Saturn's E and G Rings during Earth's 1995 Ring Plane Crossings

Abstract We report the first ground-based detection of Saturn's G ring, together with the first infrared images of the E ring. The data were taken during the May and August 1995 ring plane crossings using the W. M. Keck telescope at a wavelength of 2.26 μm. The E ring's radial and vertical structure is found to be generally consistent with previous results from Voyager and Earth-based observatories; it has a brightness peak near the orbit of Enceladus and extends outward to ∼6 R S (Saturn radii). The E ring is ∼40% fainter at 2.26 μm than in the visual, confirming and extending previous reports that it is very blue in color. The G ring is located at 2.8 R S and is unresolved in vertical thickness. Its reflected intensity is similar to that found in the comparable Voyager image, implying that the ring is neutral in color from the visual to the infrared.
Apoptotic neurons in brains from paediatric patients with HIV-I encephalitis and progressive encephalopathy

The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated dementia in adults involves neuronal loss from discrete areas of the neocortex and subcortical regions, but the mechanism for neuronal death is poorly understood. Gene-directed cell death resulting in apoptosis is thought to be a normal feature of neuronal development, but little is known about neuronal apoptosis in disease states. We investigated whether HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system is spatially associated with apoptosis of neurons. Using an in situ technique to identify newly cleaved 3'-OH ends of DNA as a marker for apoptosis, we demonstrate the presence of apoptotic neurons in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of children that had HIV-1 encephalitis with progressive encephalopathy. Furthermore, an association was observed between the localization of apoptotic neurons and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates containing HIV-1 infected macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Apoptotic neurons and p24-positive macrophages were observed infrequently in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in children with HIV-1 infection without encephalitis or clinical encephalopathy. In nine control (HIV-1 negative) brains, ranging from the first post-natal month of life to 16.5 years of age, infrequent neuronal apoptosis was observed in three cases. These findings suggest that neuronal apoptosis is unlikely to be associated with post-natal development except in early post-natal germinal matrix, and that it may instead represent the end result of specific pathological processes, such as HIV-1 encephalitis.
Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice: Factors that Influence Release during Sexual Encounters*

These experiments represent a search for factors that influence the secretion of LH in male mice during sexual encounters. Sequential changes in blood levels of LH were monitored in cannulated tethered males during their exposure to estrous females, ovariectomized females, urine pooled from all stages of the estrous cycle, or appropriate control conditions. Males that experienced spontaneous episodic LH release immediately before external stimulation did not secrete LH in response to any of the female stimulus conditions. Otherwise, the initial reaction to estrous females, ovariectomized females, and urine was an identical acute release of LH that typically returned to baseline in 45 min. Males that ejaculated 25 min or more after their initial LH response also experienced a second surge of hormone release, but males ejaculating before that time did not surge twice. A second exposure to urine 50 min after the first exposure yielded no LH response. These results suggest that the pattern of LH secretion in ...
PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION IN THE MUTISIEAE (ASTERACEAE).

Phylogenetic relationships among 13 species in the tribe Mutisieae and a single species from each of three other tribes in the Asteraceae were assessed by chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. Initially, 211 restriction site mutations were detected among 16 species using 10 restriction enzymes. Examination of 12 of these species using nine more enzymes revealed 179 additional restriction site mutations. Phylogenetic analyses of restriction site mutations were performed using both Dolio and Wagner parsimony, and the resulting monophyletic groups were statistically tested by the bootstrap method. The phylogenetic trees confirm an ancient evolutionary split in the Asteraceae that was previously suggested by the distribution of a chloroplast DNA inversion. The subtribe Barnadesiinae of the tribe Mutisieae is shown to be the ancestral group within the Asteraceae. The molecular phylogenies also confirm the paraphyly of the Mutisieae and provide statistical support for the monophyly of three of its four currently recognized subtribes (Barnadesiinae, Mutisiinae, and Nassauviinae). The fourth subtribe, Gochnatiinae, is shown to be paraphyletic. Within the subtribes, several closely related generic pairs are identified. Chloroplast DNA sequence divergence among genera of the Asteraceae ranges between 0.7 and 5.4%, which is relatively low in comparison to other angiosperm groups. This suggests that the Asteraceae is either a relatively young family or that its chloroplast DNA has evolved at a slower rate than in other families.