cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiological and behavioral factors related to physical activity in black women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: To describe relationships among physical activity (PA), physiological factors, and psychological factors in Black women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional des...
La Voz del Kultrun en la Modernidad: Tradicion y Cambio en la Terapeutica de Siete Machi Mapuche

La Voz del Kultrun en la Modernidad: Tradicion. Cambio en la Terapeutica de Siete Machi Mapuche(The voice of the drum in modernity: Tradition and change in the therapy of seven Mapuche machi). Ann Mariella Bacigalupo. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Catolica de Chile,2001 .271pp.
Range and depth dependency of coherent underwater acoustic communications in KauaiEx

Data collected from the Kauai experiment (KauaiEx) shows that the fluctuations of the ocean environment can cause significant variations of the acoustic signals propagating in the shallow water regions. The power level of the arrivals that do not interact with the sea surface is mainly affected by the variability of the ocean water column. The power level of the arrivals that interact with the sea surface, especially those interacting with the sea surface multiple times, is mainly affected by the sea surface condition. Therefore, the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) varies in a way related to the fluctuations of the physical ocean parameters, mainly the water temperature profile and the sea surface condition. Such SINR variations might be significant for certain source/receiver geometries. The ocean variability has impact on SINR and, therefore, on the performance of the coherent underwater acoustic communications (UAC) receiver, as demonstrated by the collected binary experiment.
Analyzing the Next Generation Software Defined Radio for Future Architectures

Commercial and research work in the field of software defined radio (SDR) has produced designs which have been able to deliver the efficiency and computational power needed to process 3G wireless technologies. Though efficient 3G processing has been achieved by these designs, next generation 4G SDR technology requires 10---1000x more computational performance but limits the power budget increase to 2---5x. In this paper, we present a breakdown of the major 4G kernels and analyze two methods of increasing performance and reducing power consumption. Specifically, we consider the effect of SIMD width and reduction in number of register file accesses on the performance and energy consumption of a SDR architecture, SODA. We show that by increasing SIMD width we can gain almost 2---8x performance increase while increasing total energy used by 1---2x for different SIMD widths. We also show that by reducing SIMD register accesses we can reduce the total energy used by 5---20% for the 4G kernels.
Patterns of co-expression for protein complexes by size in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Many successful functional studies by gene expression profiling in the literature have led to the perception that profile similarity is likely to imply functional association. But how true is the converse of the above statement? Do functionally associated genes tend to be co-regulated at the transcription level? In this paper, we focus on a set of well-validated yeast protein complexes provided by Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS). Using four well-known large-scale microarray expression data sets, we computed the correlations between genes from the same complex. We then analyzed the relationship between the distribution of correlations and the complex size (the number of genes in a protein complex). We found that except for a few large protein complexes, such as mitochondrial ribosomal and cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, the correlations are on the average not much higher than that from a pair of randomly selected genes. The global impact of large complexes on the expression of other genes in the genome is also studied. Our result also showed that the expression of over 85% of the genes are affected by six large complexes: the cytoplasmic ribosomal complex, mitochondrial ribosomal complex, proteasome complex, F0/F1 ATP synthase (complex V) (size 18), rRNA splicing (size 24) and H+- transporting ATPase, vacular (size 15).
Phonotaxis in Hyla versicolor (Anura, Hylidae): the effect of absolute call amplitude

The influence of call amplitude on phonotaxis in female Hyla versicolor was studied using a no-choice paradigm. One set of experiments estimated effects of stimulus amplitude on phonotaxis toward a synthetic model of a conspecific call. The response strength increased with amplitude from the behavioral threshold (37–43 dB SPL) up to 79 dB SPL and then decreased at higher amplitudes. Females approached the loudspeaker with short walking bouts (≈1 s duration) occurring immediately after call presentations. Increase in response strength was attributed to an increasing proportion of calls that elicited such walking bouts, whereas the decrease at high amplitudes resulted from decreasing distance covered per bout. The quality of orientation remained constant for all above-threshold amplitudes. A second set of experiments tested the selectivity for interval duration and pulse duration at amplitudes of 55, 70, and 85 dB SPL. Selectivity for both parameters was similar at 70 and 85 dB SPL, but tended to increase at 55 dB SPL. The results suggest that selective phonotaxis in H. versicolor is not adapted for long-distance communication. This finding differs from those of comparable studies of acoustic insects.
A New Larval Fish Light Trap: The Quatrefoil Trap

(1984). A New Larval Fish Light Trap: The Quatrefoil Trap. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 216-219.
Temperature-mediated functional response of Theocolax elegans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat

The functional response of Theocolax elegans (Westwood) parasitizing the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) was examined over a range of temperatures. A type II functional response equation was fitted to each temperature regime. The parasitization rate was highest at 301C (20 hosts per day) and was lowest at 201C (2 hosts per day). Handling time was inversely proportional to temperature, and ranged from 1.6 days at 201C to 0.05 days at 301C. Instantaneous search rate also changed with temperature. It was lowest at 201C and highest at 301C. A temperature-mediated functional response equation was fitted to the data, in which handling time was a quadratic function of temperature. The equation explained 74% of the variance in parasitization rate. Theocolax elegans has a narrower optimal temperature range than other parasitic stored-product Hymenoptera. Temperatures greater than 32.51C caused high parasitoid mortality. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Intraspecific variability of the acetolactate synthase gene

Abstract Common ragweed and common cocklebur plants were collected at two sites each in Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio to analyze intraspecific variability of the gene encoding acetolactate synthase (ALS). A 385-nucleotide fragment within the coding sequence of ALS was compared among 24 plants of each of these two species from the six locations. Common ragweed ALS was highly variable, with polymorphisms observed at 48 (12.5%) of the 385 nucleotides among the 24 plants. Despite the numerous nucleotide polymorphisms, only two inferred amino acid polymorphisms were identified. No apparent population structure was suggested by the ALS sequence data, indicating widespread gene flow consistent with the wind-pollinated nature of common ragweed. In contrast to common ragweed, no ALS polymorphisms were identified among the common cocklebur plants used in this study. As a basis for comparing the extremes observed between common ragweed and common cocklebur, ALS intraspecific variability also was investigated in 10 p...
PATERNALISM AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Contemporary global governance is organized around an odd pairing: care and control. On the one hand, much of global governance is designed to reduce human suffering and improve human flourishing, with the important caveat that individuals should be allowed to decide for themselves how they want to live their lives. On the other hand, these global practices of care are also entangled with acts of control. Peacebuilding, public health, emergency aid, human rights, and development are expressions of this tension between care and control. There is a concept that captures this tension: paternalism. Drawing on our moral intuitions, I argue that paternalism is the attempt by one actor to substitute his judgment for another actor's on the grounds that such an imposition will improve the welfare of the target actor. After discussing and defending this definition, I note how our unease with paternalism seems to grow as we scale up from the interpersonal to the international, which I argue owes to the evaporation of community and equality. After exploring the implications of this definition and distinguishing it from other forms of intervention, I consider how different elements of paternalism combine to generate different configurations. Specifically, I point to five dimensions that are most relevant for examining the paternalism found in contemporary global and humanitarian governance: the tools used to restrict another actor’s liberty (force versus information); the scope of the interference (wide versus narrow); the purpose of the intervention (prevention of harm versus emancipation); the source of the paternalizer’s confidence (faith versus evidence); and the mechanisms of accountability (internal versus external). These different elements often correlate historically, suggestive of two ideal types of global paternalism: strong and weak. Contemporary global and humanitarian governance is largely the weak variety: force is severely proscribed, interference is relatively restricted, the paternalizer’s confidence has epistemic roots, and accountability to local populations remains a noble but rarely practiced goal. I further speculate that a major reason for this difference is the effects of liberalism and rationalization. I use this taxonomy to suggest how two different global efforts to improve the lives of those peoples living in what were perceived to be unstable and illiberal territories — the civilizing missions of the nineteenth century and the peacebuilding operations of the post-Cold War period — exhibited different kinds of paternalism. I conclude by reflecting on the ethics of international paternalism.
DNal-Cys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Val-Cys-Nal-NH 2

DNal-Cys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Val-Cys-Nal-NH2 is somatostatin octapeptide analogue that selectively antagonizes the BB1 bombesin receptor …
The Hip, Part II: Soft-Tissue Abnormalities

A number of soft-tissue abnormalities need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of the painful hip and pelvis. These abnormalities primarily involve musculotendinous injuries, tendon avulsions, and bursitis. The patients involved range from active athletic individuals to the elderly. The athletes most at risk for these injuries are those engaged in sports involve kicking, sprinting, and pivoting, such as soccer and ice hockey.
Von Willebrand factor is reversibly decreased during torpor in 13-lined ground squirrels

During torpor in a hibernating mammal, decreased blood flow increases the risk of blood clots such as deep vein thrombi (DVT). In other animal models platelets, neutrophils, monocytes and von Willebrand factor (VWF) have been found in DVT. Previous research has shown that hibernating mammals decrease their levels of platelets and clotting factors VIII (FVIII) and IX (FIX), increasing both bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time. In this study, FVIII, FIX and VWF activities and mRNA levels were measured in torpid and non-hibernating ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Here, we show that VWF high molecular weight multimers, collagen-binding activity, lung mRNA and promoter activity decrease during torpor. The VWF multimers reappear in plasma within 2 h of arousal in the spring. Similarly, FIX activity and liver mRNA both dropped threefold during torpor. In contrast, FVIII liver mRNA levels increased twofold while its activity dropped threefold, consistent with a post-transcriptional decrease in FVIII stability in the plasma due to decreased VWF levels. Finally, both neutrophils and monocytes are decreased eightfold during torpor which could slow the formation of DVT. In addition to providing insight in how blood clotting can be regulated to allow mammals to survive in extreme environments, hibernating ground squirrels provide an interesting model for studying.
Demons, Angels and Miracles

Epistemologistshave for years been plagued by Demons, which must be odd since there aren’t any. Even so, exorcism is evidently called for.
Fear of Falling Among Persons With Chronic Stroke

Date Presented 4/18/2015 Fear of falling (FoF) has not been studied in chronic stroke. In our sample, average time since stroke was more than 4 yr, and 66% of study participants identified a FoF. FoF was associated with worse balance, activity, participation, anxiety, and stroke severity. Occupational therapists (OTs) must address FoF after stroke.
Greenhug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Resistance in Triticale

The advent of the new biotype E greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) has demonstrated the need to isolate new sources of resistance because this biotype damages previously resistant wheat, Triticum aestivum L., sources. Thus, 264 new Introductions of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) lines were evaluated In the greenhouse for resistance to the new biotype. Seven of these lines were highly resistant, and two were in the intermediate range. Selected entries of these lines were subjected to more detailed studies to determine the components of resistance, i.e., antibiosis (fecundity): nonpreference (using free-choice tests), and tolerance (plant damage). Triticale lines which warrant further research as possible new genetic sources of greenbug resistance, not only in triticale, but also in wheat, include PI 429052, PI 429193, PI 429235, PI 429245, PI 429247, and PI 429251.
Research Notes. BLACK AND WHITE MARINE SQUAD LEADERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF RACIALLY MIXED SQUADS

The article discusses a study which investigates the way African-American and white supervisors feel and act toward Puerto Rican and white subordinates on dimensions which are not task prescribed. ...
A comparison of exact, mid-P, and score tests for matched case-control studies.

A recently developed algorithm for generating the distribution of sufficient statistics for conditional logistic models can be put to a twofold use. First, it provides an avenue for performing inference for matched case-control studies that does not rely on the assumption of a large sample size. Second, joint distributions generated by this algorithm can be used to make comparisons of various inferential procedures that are free from Monte Carlo sampling errors. In this paper, these two features of the algorithm are utilized to compare small-sample properties of the exact, mid-P value, and score tests for a conditional logistic model with two unmatched binary covariates. Both uniparametric and multiparametric tests, performed at a nominal significance level of .05, were studied. It was found that the actual significance levels of the mid-P test tend to be closer to the nominal level when compared with those of the other two tests.
Long-wavelength 1.0-1.6-µm detectors

The current status of long-wavelenglh InGaAsP quaternary alloy photodetectors for fiber-optic communication is reviewed. The material properties important for this application are discussed. High-purity material necessary for low-capacitance p n junction detectors can be routinely prepared in the InGaAsP alloy system. The dark current of InGaAsP photodiodes is often limited by tunneling, and high-purity material can also be used to reduce this component of the dark current. There is some indication that the tunneling current may be defect- assisted rather than band to band.
Techniques and applications of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cancer

We first discuss several key technical issues associated with quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and then provide examples of DCE-MRI in oncology. In particular, we examine the importance of both active and passive delivery of the contrast agent to the tissue under investigation, and repeatability/reproducibility in DCE-MRI studies. We then discuss examples of how DCE-MRI can assist in assessing and predicting therapeutic response in the neoadjuvant setting.
Optimization of Mining Mode Based on Three-dimensional Model

The underground mining model and open-pit mining model are established respectively by surpac three-dimensional digital software.Based on models,the main technical indices with infrastructure quantities,loss rate,dilution rate,ore grade of drawing,exploitable geological ore reserves and metal quantity of these two mining methods are compared to get the best method of mining,Which will greatly reduce the artificially in scheme comparison on the workload and statistical margin of error.And the result shows that three-dimensional visualization method has the advantage of high efficiency,precise calculation.
Effects of oxygen therapy on left ventricular function in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration and congestive heart failure.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Whereas both oxygen therapy and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) decrease the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and congestive heart failure (CHF), only nasal CPAP is known to affect the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We therefore evaluated the effects of 1 month of nocturnal oxygen therapy on LVEF. METHODS Ten patients (52 +/- 12 years) with CHF (LVEF of 12% +/- 5%) and CSR (AHI 57 +/- 61 events/hour) were studied. Polysomnograms identified CSR and were repeated on oxygen initially (oxygen night 1 [2 L/min]) and after 30 nights (oxygen night 2). LVEF was measured by radionuclide ventriculography. RESULTS Oxygen therapy decreased the AHI from a baseline of 57 +/- 61 to 9 +/- 11 and 12 +/- 17 events per hour during oxygen nights 1 and 2, respectively (p < .05), with no difference between treatment nights. The lowest oxygen saturation increased during oxygen nights 1 and 2, from a baseline of 87% +/- 7% to 94% +/- 4% and 91% +/- 7%, respectively (p < .05), with no difference between treatment nights. The LVEF did not significantly change from a baseline of 22% +/- 11% to 19% +/- 9% after 1 month of nocturnal oxygen (p = .05). Compared to baseline, there was no change in circulation time during oxygen nights 1 and 2, from 24 +/- 8 seconds to 30 +/- 15 seconds and 23 +/- 6 seconds, respectively (p = .2). Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep architecture, when compared with baseline, remained unchanged during both oxygen therapy nights. CONCLUSIONS Although 1 month of nocturnal oxygen therapy decreases the AHI in patients with CSR and CHF, there is no improvement in left ventricular function.
Longitudinal trajectories of intellectual and adaptive functioning in adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome.

Background Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with a distinct cognitive-behavioural phenotype including mild to moderate intellectual disability, visual-spatial deficits, hypersociability, inattention and anxiety. Researchers typically characterise samples of individuals with WS by their intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. Because of the low prevalence of the syndrome, researchers often include participants with WS across a broad age range throughout childhood and adulthood and assume participants demonstrate consistent cognitive development across ages. Indeed, IQ scores are generally stable for children and adolescents with WS, although there are significant individual differences. It is less clear whether this pattern of stable intellectual ability persists into adulthood. Furthermore, while adaptive behaviour is an important indicator of an individual's ability to apply their conceptual skills to everyday functioning, conflicting findings on the trajectories of adaptive behaviour in adolescents and adults with WS have been reported. The current study examined longitudinal profiles of cognitive and adaptive functioning in adolescents and adults with WS. Method To examine cognitive functioning, participants included 52 individuals with WS (51.9% men) who were assessed with the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, 2nd edition (KBIT-2) between two and seven times. At their first assessment, participants had a mean age of 25.4 years (SD = 8.4), ranging in age from 14.2 to 48.9 years. To assess adaptive behaviour, participants included a subset of 28 individuals with WS whose parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, 2nd edition (VABS-II) between two and five times. At their initial administration, participants ranged from 17.1–40.2 years of age, with a mean age of 26.5 years (SD = 7.3). A series of multilevel models were used to examine changes in KBIT-2 Composite IQ, Verbal IQ and Nonverbal IQ standard scores over time, as well as the Adaptive Behavior Composite, and the Communication, Daily Living Skills and Socialization subdomains of the VABS-II. Results Consistent with the WS cognitive profile, IQ scores were significantly lower than the general population IQ score of 100, and there was significant variability in individual IQ scores and slopes. KBIT-2 IQ scores were generally stable across adolescents and adults with WS. Adaptive behaviour scores were significantly lower than the population mean score of 100, and there was significant variability in individuals' adaptive behaviour scores but not trajectories. However, in contrast to the findings with the KBIT-2, VABS-II scores were observed to significantly decrease over time. Conclusion Findings suggest that while intellectual functioning remains stable, adaptive functioning does not remain stable across adolescence and adulthood in individuals with WS. Implications for the relation between cognitive and adaptive functioning across development are discussed, with a focus on how this relates to specific aspects of the WS phenotype.
Differential transactivation of human metallothionein-IIa in cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive cells

Cells with acquired anticancer drug resistance frequently exhibited broad cross-resistance to other anticancer agents. Increased human metallothionein (hMT) IIa transcription has been found in some cells with acquired resistance to cisplatin (CP). A panel of 5'-hMT-IIa promoter deletions linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene ((5'-hMT-IIaCAT) were used to demonstrate that certain cis-elements are important for the increased hMT-IIa transcription in CP-resistant cells (SCC25/CP) compared to CP-sensitive cells (SCC25). We further identified trans-acting factor differences between SCC25 and SCC25/CP cells using gel mobility shift assays. Significant increases in binding of specific factors to the -286 to -160 and -96 to-51 region were seen in CP-resistant SCC25/CP cells compared to sensitive SCC25 cells. Using cross-competition and super gel shift analyses, we identified enhanced Spl and AP-2 binding activity in SCC25/CP cells. By Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that the level of Sp1 was unchanged between the two cell types whereas AP-2 was elevated twofold in SCC25/CP cells. Our results indicated that the selection of CP-resistant phenotype in SCC25/CP was accompanied by increased Spl and AP-2 DNA binding activities, which are likely not only to enhance hMT-IIa transcription but could also alter expression of other genes responsible for a broader anticancer drug cross-resistance. Thus, altered trans-acting factors could account for the complex cross-resistant phenotype found in some anticancer drug-resistant cells.
Americans’ Choice of Domestic Over Foreign Products: A Replication and Extension

The continually increasing level of competition in the global marketplace has stimulated scholarly research into the “country-of-origin” effect on domestic sales for almost three decades. Almost entirely missing from previous research has been the consideration of behavioral constructs of an interpersonal nature as potential influences on selection of domestic vs. foreign offerings. To remedy this important omission, this study views purchase of domestic products as an act of assistance to American workers. In particular, it offers a behavioral basis useful for designing such Buy American campaigns as those waged by such domestic groups as the threatened workers in the U.S. textile industry.
Let God Arise: The War & Rebellion of the Camisards. By W. Gregory Monahan. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. 300. $115.00.)

This is an excellent book. It will become the standard text in any language on the Camisard War of 1702–1704, which opposed royal troops of “church and state” to the Protestant rebels of the Cevenn...
Factors Affecting the Disease Severity of Alternaria Blackspot In Natural Brassica rapa Populations On the California and Oregon Coasts

Abstract Fungal disease has important effects in natural and agricultural plant populations; however, we are still uncovering factors that influence severity in these systems. Understanding these factors is especially important because it has been predicted that climate change will increase fungal disease widely as a result of changes in precipitation. Here, we investigate the role of water availability and other ecological variables in determining disease severity of a foliar fungal disease. For this study, we focused on natural populations of an important annual, herbaceous plant, Brassica rapa and its fungal disease, Alternaria blackspot. We explored three hypotheses: (1) The factors that drive disease severity differ early in the growing season compared to late in the growing season. (2) Disease severity patterns for this fungus are driven by water availability to a greater extent than other ecological variables. (3) Disease severity increases with plant density. To address these hypotheses, data were...
SiGe BiCMOS technologies - addressing the communication market needs

The market success of SiGe BiCMOS technology can be mainly attributed to its ability to deliver superior product performance with high levels of integration and yields that ultimately leads to a very competitive cost per chip. In the context of such as success, it is worthwhile to examine the features of SiGe BiCMOS technology that addresses communication market needs. Here we present an overview of the SiGe BiCMOS technology offerings with the focus on the progress of SiGe HBT performance and the technology maturity.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Breast Augmentation Scar

We report a case of a 46-year-old female who presented with a persistent lesion on the inferior right breast. The lesion was located within the scar from a breast augmentation procedure 12 years ago. The lesion had been treated as several conditions with no improvement. Biopsy revealed a superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma, and the lesion was successfully removed with Mohs micrographic surgery. Basal cell carcinoma arising in a surgical scar is exceedingly rare with only 13 reported cases to date. This is the first reported case of basal cell carcinoma arising in a breast augmentation scar. We emphasize the importance of biopsy for suspicious lesions or those refractory to treatment, particularly those lesions that form within a scar. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Strong correlation in surface chemistry

Density functional theory (DFT) simulations of surface chemistry have emerged as a valuable complement to experiment. However, standard DFT methods do not always accurately model the ‘strong’ elect...
Impact of adjuvant therapies on treatment outcomes for patients with resected gallbladder cancer and changes in treatment patterns in the United States over the past decade: An analysis from the National Cancer Data Base.

391Background: There are no randomized data to guide clinicians treating patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). Several retrospective studies reported the survival benefits of adjuvant radiotherap...
Policy Utopias for Nutrient Credit Trading Programs with Nonpoint Sources

A promising program to address water contamination from nutrients is water quality trading (WQT), whereby entities with high abatement costs purchase credits from entities with lower abatement costs. The concept has found some success with point source water pollution, but very few trades have occurred in over 50 programs in the United States (U.S.) that have focused on nonpoint sources (NPSs). To understand why success has been slow, we identified three environments needed for programs to succeed: physical, economic, and institutional. We estimate that only 5% of watersheds in the U.S. currently listed as nutrient impaired provide a viable physical environment for trading nitrogen; 13% are suitable for phosphorus. Economic and institutional challenges would shrink that domain even further. Therefore, we find places with the ideal physical, economic, and institutional environments necessary for feasible WQT programs are virtual policy utopias — rare places with ideal environments. Fortunately, a growing literature provides the tools necessary to identify where these policy utopias are and to expand that domain through a better understanding about how to manage WQT programs more effectively.
Self‐protective reactions to peer abusive supervision: The moderating role of prevention focus and the mediating role of performance instrumentality

Summary Across 3 studies, we apply a self-protection perspective of observed mistreatment to examine a moderated mediation model on “when” and “why” third parties are motivated by peer abusive supervision. We hypothesize that prevention-focused third parties will increase their performance effort as a response to peer abusive supervision, and this effect is mediated by performance instrumentality. In a field study of working adults (Study 1) and an experimental study that manipulated peer abusive supervision (Study 2), we found that peer abusive supervision interacted with third parties' prevention focus to predict their performance effort such that peer abuse was positively related to third parties' performance effort only for those high on prevention focus. Results were replicated in a second field study of working adults (Study 3). Further, we found support for the mediating effect of performance instrumentality. The theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, symptoms, and white matter abnormalities among combat-exposed veterans

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with abnormalities in functional connectivity of a specific cortico-limbic network; however, less is known about white matter abnormalities providing structural connections for this network. This study investigated whether the diagnosis and symptoms of PTSD are associated with alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA), an index reflecting white matter organization, across six, a priori-defined tracts. White matter FA was quantified by diffusion tensor imaging using 3 T-MRI among 57 male, combat-exposed veterans with no history of moderate to severe head injuries or current alcohol dependence: 31 met criteria for PTSD and 26 were demographically comparable, combat-exposed controls without PTSD. Clinician-administered and self-report questionnaires assessed PTSD severity, dissociation, and mood. PTSD + veterans had significantly higher FA than exposed controls in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFOF) and borderline higher FA in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and cingulum (CGC), controlling for age and neurovascular comorbidities. When lifetime alcohol use disorders was included, only the association of PTSD with SFOF-FA remained significant. Among PTSD + veterans, higher SFOF-FA was associated with greater mood disturbance, dissociative symptoms, and re-experiencing, while lower FA of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was associated with greater mood disturbance symptoms. Compared to combat-exposed controls without PTSD, veterans with PTSD exhibited higher white matter FA in the SFOF, and a similar tendency in the ACR and CGC, tracts involved in conflict-processing and spatial attention. Prior alcohol use might explain the associations of PTSD with ACR-FA and CGC-FA but not the association with SFOF-FA.
Business Failures, Managerial Competence, and Macroeconomic Variables:

Identifying the causes of business failures is crucial for effective policy making, and is especially important for small businesses which account for the largest component of firm failures in the ...
In Vivo Tooth-Supported Implant Surgical Guides Fabricated With Desktop Stereolithographic Printers: Fully Guided Surgery Is More Accurate Than Partially Guided Surgery.

Purpose Desktop stereolithographic printers combined with intraoral scanning and implant planning software promise precise and cost-effective guided implant surgery. The purpose of the present study was to determine the overall range of accuracy of tooth-supported guided implant surgery using desktop printed stereolithographic guides. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study comparing fully and partially guided implant surgery was conducted. Preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scans were used to plan the implant sites. Surgical guides were then fabricated using a desktop stereolithographic 3-dimensional printer. Postoperative CBCT was used to evaluate the accuracy of placement. Deviations from the planned positions were used as the primary outcome variables. The planning software used, implant systems, and anterior/posterior positions were the secondary outcome variables. The differences between the planned and actual implant positions in the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual dimensions and buccolingual angulations were determined, and the accuracy was compared statistically using the 1-tail F-test (P = .01), box plots, and 95% confidence intervals for the mean. Results Sixteen partially edentulous patients requiring placement of 31 implants were included in the present study. The implant deviations from the planned positions for mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual dimensions and buccolingual angulations with the fully guided protocol (n = 20) were 0.17 ± 0.78 mm, 0.44 ± 0.78 mm, 0.23 ± 1.08 mm, −0.22 ± 1.44 mm, and −0.32° ± 2.36°, respectively. The corresponding implant deviations for the partially guided protocol (n = 11) were 0.33 ± 1.38 mm, −0.03 ± 1.59 mm, 0.62 ± 1.15 mm, −0.27 ± 1.61 mm, and 0.59° ± 6.83°. The difference between the variances for fully and partially guided surgery for the distal and angulation dimensions was statistically significant (P = .006 and P Conclusions Fully guided implant surgery is more accurate than partially guided implant surgery. Implant positional deviation is influenced by implant location but not implant systems or software. If possible, clinicians should use guided surgery protocols that allow placement of implants through a surgical guide.
Intrawound Vancomycin Powder in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Increases Rate of Sterile Wound Complications

Purpose Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful surgery for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis; however, the risk of a post-operative prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains at 1% to 2%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety profile of using vancomycin powder (VP) to reduce infection rates by reviewing acute postoperative complications. Materials and methods A retrospective review of 265 consecutive patients undergoing THA was performed. The first 128 patients, the control group, did not receive VP, and the subsequent 137 patients, the VP group, received VP at the time of wound closure. Patient demographic data, medical comorbidities, and perioperative information were compared. Results The primary outcome was a post-operative surgical complication within 90 days from surgery. The control and VP group's demographic, medical comorbidities and perioperative information data were statistically similar. Deep infection rate in the control group was 5.5%, whereas the deep infection rate in the VP group was 0.7% (P=0.031). Sterile wound complication rate was 4.4% in the VP group, and 0% in the control group (P=0.030). Remaining complications were not statistically different between the groups. Conclusion VP was associated with an increase rate of sterile wound complications compared to the control group. The rate of PJI was decreased with the use of VP. We do not recommend for or against the use of VP at time of wound closure to prevent PJI, and higher powered studies will need to be performed to demonstrate the efficacy of VP.
A New Model for Plasma Interactions With High-Voltage Solar Arrays on the International Space Station

Recent data from the floating potential measurement unit (FPMU) on board the International Space Station have revealed floating potential transients that occur during certain high-voltage solar array operations. These transients are not well understood and are not predicted by the existing spacecraft–plasma interaction models. Herein, a new model is developed, which incorporates the important plasma interactions with dielectric surfaces that are believed to be the cause of these transients. The output of the preliminary model is compared to FPMU data, and parametric studies are performed in order to study the dependence of these transients on plasma characteristics and array operations. The model shows good agreement with FPMU data and indicates that the shape of the transient events is largely dependent on plasma density, temperature, array turn-ON time, and array orientation.
Modeling the emergence of norms

Norms or conventions can be used as external correlating signals to promote coordination between rational agents and hence have merited in-depth study of the evolution and economics of norms both in the social sciences and in multiagent systems. While agent simulations can be used to gain a cursory idea of when and what norms can evolve, the estimations obtained by running simulations can be costly to obtain, provide no guarantees about the behavior of a system, and may overlook some rare occurrences. We use a theoretical approach to analyze a system of agents playing a convergence game and develop models that predict (a) how the system's behavior will change over time, (b) how much time it will take for it to converge to a stable state, and (c) how often the system will converge to a particular norm.
Interacting Systems, Stirrings, and Flows

Stirring processes are related both to certain interacting particle systems and to continuous stochastic flows. Examples are given including a flow generated by Moebius automorphisms of the unit disk.
Ultimate Steel Stresses in Unbonded Prestressed Concrete

Current design practice in the United States for unbonded post-tensioned flat plate structures is partially based on the assumption that the stress in the post-tensioned tendons at the time of flexural failure can be predicted using the equation given by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code for stresses in beams. However, data from recent tests of a number of thin flat plate structures and of beams having comparable span-depth ratios show that this is generally not valid if the span-thickness ratio is about 45, or more. The purpose of this paper is to present the test data and to demonstrate that an additional factor, the span-depth ratio, l/d, needs to be introduced into the prediction equations for ultimate steel stress in unbonded post-tensioned members.
Structural Repetition in Question Answering: A Replication and Extension of Levelt and Kelter (1982).

We report an effort to replicate and extend Levelt and Kelter’s (1982) Experiment 3. In their study, experimenters phoned businesses and asked, At what time does your shop close? or What time does ...
iAmHealthy: Rationale, design and application of a family-based mHealth pediatric obesity intervention for rural children

Abstract Children in rural areas are disproportionately affected by pediatric obesity. Poor access to healthcare providers, lack of nutrition education, lower socioeconomic status, and fewer opportunities to be physically active are all unique barriers that contribute to this growing health concern. There are very few pediatric obesity interventions that have been developed that target this unique population. iAmHealthy is a family-based behavioral, nutrition and physical activity intervention developed with input from rural children and families that capitalizes on the innovative use of mobile health applications (mHealth). iAmHealthy is a 25-contact hour multicomponent intervention delivered over an 8-month period targeting 2nd-4th grade school children and their families. This paper describes the rationale, design, participant/school enrollment, and planned implementation of a randomized controlled trial of the iAmHealthy intervention in comparison to a monthly newsletter delivered through rural elementary schools. Child Body Mass Index z-score (BMIz) is the primary outcome, along with child 24-hour dietary recall, and child accelerometer-determined physical activity and sedentary behavior as secondary outcomes. The study will include 18 schools (with 8 children each) resulting in a final planned sample size of 144 children. This project also has a strong focus on dissemination and implementation science, and thus includes many measures related to the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance). Data collection is completed at baseline, end of intervention (8 months), and follow-up (20 months). This study is the first randomized controlled trial to deliver a rurally tailored, empirically supported, family-based behavioral intervention for pediatric obesity solely over mHealth. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT ID 03304249.
Safety of bloodless autologous stem cell transplantation in Jehovah's Witness patients.

Due to the curative potential and improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered the standard of care for several hematologic malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, and lymphomas. ASCT typically involves support with blood product transfusion. Thus, difficulties arise when Jehovah’s Witness patients refuse blood transfusions. In order to demonstrate the safety of performing “bloodless” ASCT (BL-ASCT), we performed a retrospective analysis of 66 Jehovah's Witnesses patients who underwent BL-ASCT and 1114 non-Jehovah’s Witness patients who underwent transfusion-supported ASCT (TF-ASCT) at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center between January 2000 and September 2018. Survival was compared between the two groups. Transplant-related complications, mortality, engraftment time, length of hospital stay, and number of ICU transfers were characterized for the BL-ASCT group. One year survival was found to be 87.9% for both groups (P = 0.92). In the BL-ASCT group, there was one death prior to the 30 days post transplant due to CNS hemorrhage, and one death prior to 100 days due to sepsis. Based on our data, BL-ASCT can be safely performed with appropriate supportive measures, and we encourage community oncologists to promptly refer JW patients for transplant evaluation when ASCT is indicated.
On a hyper-singular equation

The equation $v=v_0+\int_0^t(t-s)^{\lambda -1}v(s)ds$ is considered, $\lambda\neq 0,-1,-2...$ and $v_0$ is a smooth function rapidly decaying with all its derivatives. It is proved that the solution to this equation does exist, is unique and is smoother than the singular function $t^{-\frac 5 4}$.
Phylogenetic analysis of Michigan's freshwater sponges (Porifera, Spongillidae) using extended COI mtDNA sequences

Abstract Kolomyjec et al. (2020). Phylogenetic analysis of Michigan’s freshwater sponges (Porifera, Spongillidae) using extended COI mtDNA sequences. – Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000-000. The phylogenetic relationships of eight species of freshwater sponges sampled throughout the State of Michigan in the North American Great Lakes region were examined as part of a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). An extended version of the standard cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) metazoan DNA was used for sequencing and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. The extended gene region (COI-ext) produces a 1,200 bp amplicon instead of the standard 640 bp fragment which compensates for the standard amplicon’s low informatics value in Phylum Porifera. The species examined clustered into strongly supported monophyletic species groups within the family Spongillidae. This study represents the first look at the phylogenetic relationships of freshwater sponges in the Great Lakes Region. Per Kolomyjec, College of Science and the Environment, Lake Superior State University, 650 W Easterday Ave., Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783, USA. E-mail skolomyjec@lssu.edu
Recovery expectancies impact postdischarge recovery 42 days after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy.

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if recovery expectancies were associated with actual postdischarge recovery after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Study subjects (N = 167) undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy were asked to preoperatively predict the likelihood of a prolonged postdischarge recovery (> 42 days). Low, medium, and high recovery expectancy groups were created from responses to the likelihood of prolonged postdischarge recovery question. Previously established predictors of actual recovery 42 days after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy included age, body mass index, Charlson co-morbidity index, short form (SF)-36 bodily pain scores, doctors’ and others’ health locus of control, and sick role investment. One parsimonious hierarchical linear and logistic regression model was constructed to determine if preoperative recovery expectancies were independently associated with PSR13 scores and “significant” postdischarge recovery after controlling for previously established predictors. Study subjects with high recovery expectancies had higher PSR13 scores than subjects with low recovery expectancies (82.32 ± 15.34 vs 73.30 ± 15.30, mean difference 9.01, 95%CI 1.08–16.94). Study subjects with low recovery expectancies scored 7.7 points lower on the PSR13 scale (minimally important difference = 5), which translated into a 73% reduction in the likelihood of being “significantly” recovered 42 days after surgery, after controlling for previously established predictors. A low recovery expectancy has a negative impact on actual recovery 42 days after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Our findings are important because preoperative recovery expectancies are modifiable predictors, making them a candidate for an expectancy manipulation intervention designed to optimize recovery after pelvic reconstructive surgery.