cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Events After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are a genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy and are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved to treat certain lymphomas and leukemias. The indications for CAR T-cells are expected to continue expanding, but presently all four FDA-approved agents (axicabtagene ciloleucel, tisagenlecleucel, brexucabtagene autoleucel, lisocabtagene maraleucel) are CD-19-directed. Cardio-oncologists should familiarize themselves with surveillance strategies for cardiovascular events following CAR T-cell therapy, given the risk for de novo arrhythmia and heart failure.
Climate Imperialism: Ecocriticism, Postcolonialism, and Global Climate Change

Global climate change threatens to kill or displace hundreds of thousands of people and will irrevocably change the lifestyles of practically everyone on the planet. However, the effect of imperialism and colonialism on climate change is a topic that has not received adequate scrutiny. Empire has been a significant factor in the rise of fossil fuels. The complicated connections between conservation and empire often make it difficult to reconcile the two disparate fields of ecocriticism and postcolonial studies. This paper will discuss how empire and imperialism have contributed to, and continue to shape, the ever-looming threat of global climate crisis, especially as it manifests in the tropics. Global climate change reinforces disparate economic, social, and racial conditions that were started, fostered, and thrived throughout the long history of colonization, inscribing climate change as a new, slow form of imperialism that is retracing the pathways that colonialism and globalism have already formed. Ultimately, it may only be by considering climate change through a postcolonial lens and utilizing indigenous resistance that the damage of this new form of climate imperialism can be undone.
Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination: The Interplay of Message Framing, Psychological Uncertainty, and Public Agency as a Message Source

The study examines how framing, psychological uncertainty, and agency type influence campaign effectiveness in promoting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. A 2 (gain vs. loss frame) × 2 ...
Greco-Roman culture and the Galilee of Jesus

Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus, a book-length investigation of this topic, challenges the conventional scholarly view that first-century Galilee was thoroughly Hellenised. Examining architecture, inscriptions, coins and art from Alexander the Great's conquest until the early fourth century CE, Chancey argues that the extent of Greco-Roman culture in the time of Jesus has often been greatly exaggerated. Antipas's reign in the early first century was indeed a time of transition, but the more dramatic shifts in Galilee's cultural climate happened in the second century, after the arrival of a large Roman garrison. Much of Galilee's Hellenisation should thus be understood within the context of its Romanisation. Any attempt to understand the Galilean setting of Jesus must recognise the significance of the region's historical development as well as how Galilee fits into the larger context of the Roman East.
Mobilizing Shanghai Youth: CCP Internationalism, GMD Nationalism and Japanese Collaboration

Introduction 1. Early Development of the Socialist Youth League: The Internationalist Period, 1920-1923 2. Opportunity and Opportunism: The Rise and Fall of the Communist Youth League 3. Controlled Salvation: The Origins of the Three People's Principles Youth Corps 4. The Shanghai Branch of the Three People's Principles Youth Corps: Obedience, Challenges and Exceptionalism 5. Xie Jinyuan and the Shanghai Three People's Principles Youth Corps 6. The China Youth Corps: A Collaborationist Mission for Youth 7. The China Youth Corps: Alluring Peace and Elusive Security 8. Conclusion
A Comparison of the Remedial Priorities Determined Using More Likely Case and Worst Case Risk Estimates

This paper presents a simple method for incorporating uncertainty estimates into decision making based on the results of a cancer risk assessment. The method involves answering the general question: Would a decision based on worst case risk estimates be changed by choosing more likely parameter estimates and models for the risk assessments? An example is developed using data from seven industrial sites where the decision maker seeks the answers to two specific questions: Does the perception of a health risk at each site change according to the worst case or more likely case assumptions? Do priorities for cleanup vary under the alternative assumptions? The estimates presented indicate affirmative answers to both of these questions for some of the seven sites.
The Effects of Lowballing on Audit Quality: An Experimental Markets Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of low-balling on audit quality. Critics of the audit industry often allege that the practice of lowballing (charging fees below th...
Sometimes We Must Break the Rules to Maintain Behavior Change

(2001). Sometimes We Must Break the Rules to Maintain Behavior Change. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 103-108.
Economic and Structural Relationships in U.S. Hog Production

Rapid change in the size and ownership structure of U.S. hog production has created new and varied challenges for the industry. This report describes an industry becoming increasingly concentrated among fewer and larger farms, and becoming more economically efficient. These changes have not come without problems. The increasing market control and power concentrated among packers and large hog operations, and the manure management problem posed by an increasing concentration of hog manure on fewer operations, are paramount concerns. Addressing these concerns through regulations would likely impose economic costs that could be passed on to consumers. In addition, the relative mobility of the hog industry means that regulations could result in significant changes in the location of hog production facilities, with ripple effects in local economies. Balancing environmental and economic interests will challenge policymakers dealing with the implications of structural change in U.S. hog production.
Essentially Every Unimodular Matrix Defines and Expander

We generalize the construction of Gabber and Galil to essentially every unimodular matrix in SL2(Z). It is shown that every parabolic or hyperbolic fractional linear transformation explicitly defines an expander of bounded degree and constant expansion. Thus all but a vanishingly small fraction of unimodular matrices define expanders.
Electroweak Measurements from the Tevatron

An overview of recent electroweak physics results from the Tevatron is given. Properties of the W and Z gauge bosons using final states containing electrons and muons based on large integrated luminosities are presented. In particular, measurements of the W and Z production cross sections, the W-charge asymmetry and the measurement of the W-mass are summarized. Gauge boson self interactions are measured by studying gauge boson pair production and limits on anomalous gauge boson couplings are discussed.
Exchange Flow between Two Estuaries Connected by a Shallow Tidal Channel

Abstract Estuarine flow is highly dependent on a number of factors, including freshwater discharge, wind, and tides. In multi-inlet bar-built systems, the flow can further be driven by mutual forcing between adjacent inlets. In the North Inlet–Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, two distinct estuaries are connected by a subtidal channel. Within the channel, simultaneous tidal forcing from both ends produces a nodal point. To determine the implications of forcing from both ends on net exchange, we placed an RDI acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a SonTek acoustic current profiler (ACP) on either side of the nodal region for 35 days beginning in March 2005. Asymmetries in tidal forcing on either side of the node lead to significant shifts in the timing of flow reversals. The longer ebb associated with the more distorted Winyah Bay tide causes flow reversals to occur at midebb in Winyah Bay. In addition to tidal asymmetries, subtidal flow patterns during periods of strong wind forcing v...
A Jurisprudential Divide in U.S. v. Wong & U.S. v. June

In spring 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court decided two consolidated cases construing the Federal Tort Claims Act, U.S. v. Kwai Fun Wong and U.S. v June, Conservator. The Court majority, 5-4, per Justice Kagan, ruled in favor of the claimants and against the Government in both cases. On the face of the majority opinions, Wong and June come off as straightforward matters of statutory construction. But under the surface, the cases gave the Court a chance to wrestle with fundamental questions of statutory interpretation. The divide in Wong and June concerns the role of the courts vis-a-vis Congress — one side on the Court more willing to wield judicial prerogative and challenge Congress to keep pace; the other side on the Court more determined to cast itself as mere umpire, calling balls and strikes.
Ag versus Pb electrodes in inelastic-electron-tunneling spectroscopy

The elastic and inelastic tunneling characteristics for Ag and Pb electrodes on Al-$\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ substrates doped with a series of aromatic carboxylic acids have been compared. Model calculations of barrier heights and measurements of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} bias asymmetries in tunnel characteristics and inelastic-electron-tunneling (IETS) mode intensities have been compared. Ag-overlaid electrodes produce a systematic lowering of the effective organic barrier heights by a factor of \ensuremath{\sim}2 and enhance the nonlinear characteristics of the junction. The large relative variation in effective barrier heights for specific carboxylic acids previously observed for Pb electrodes is also observed for Ag. For effective barrier heights \ensuremath{\le} 1 eV, the loss of IETS mode intensity at high bias voltages is accentuated by Ag. The \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} bias asymmetry in IETS mode intensity for Ag is also less than predicted by the long-range molecular interaction potential, in contrast to the agreement with the long-range potential observed for Pb.
Power Requirements and Scale-up in Flotation

As part of a systematic programme for correlating mineral engineering process variables1,2, flotation machines are now being investigated. There is no need to stress the engineering importance of the flotation process. First applied more than fifty years ago for the recovery of fine sulphide minerals from Australian gravity plant tailings, to-day it is the only method for treating the major base metal sulphide ores, and is becoming of increasing importance for non-metallic ores and coal. As a mineral engineering operation, it is often second only to fine grinding in power consumption. Despite this, empiricism largely prevails from choice of equipment to control of process variables.
Naming Outcome Prediction in Patients with Discordant Wada and fMRI Language Lateralization

Abstract Objective Investigations of the validity of fMRI as an alternative to Wada language testing have yielded Wada/fMRI discordance rates of approximately 15%, but almost nothing is known regarding the relative accuracy of Wada and fMRI in discordant cases. The objective of this study was to determine which of the two (the Wada test or the language fMRI) is more predictive of postoperative naming outcome following left anterior temporal lobectomy in discordant cases. Methods Among 229 patients with epilepsy who prospectively underwent Wada and fMRI language testing, ten had discordant language lateralization results, underwent left anterior temporal lobectomy, and returned for postoperative language testing. The relative accuracy of Wada and fMRI for predicting language outcome was examined in these cases. Results Functional magnetic resonance imaging provided a more accurate prediction of language outcome in seven patients, Wada was more accurate in two patients, and the two tests were equally accurate in one patient. Conclusions In cases of discordance, fMRI predicted postsurgical naming outcome with relatively better accuracy compared to the Wada test.
Thermogravimetric analysis of sulfation kinetics of calcined limestones or dolomites

Abstract Experiments have been conducted with a thermogravimetric analyzer for sulfation of various calcined limestone or dolomite sorbents under reaction conditions similar to those in a fluidized bed coal combustor. The volume reaction model has been utilized to account for the heterogeneous sulfation reaction of calcined limestone or dolomite. Effects of particle size and SO 2 concentration on the extent of sulfation have been analyzed on the basis of the model. Also numerical simulation has been made of the effect of wearing off the particle outer surface during sulfation. The applicability of the model has been verified with experimental data for the sulfation reaction obtained in this study and other data available in the literature.
Characteristics of large cooking oil pool fires and their extinguishment by water mist

Large cooking oil pool fires, occurring in industrial oil cookers, present a severe hazard to food processing plants due to their size and the large amount of hot oil involved. This paper reports a series of full-scale fire experiments conducted in a large industrial oil cooker mock-up. The characteristics of large cooking oil pool fires and the effect of oil depth and hood position in the oil cooker on fire growth were studied. The use of water mist for extinguishing large oil pool fires and their extinguishing performance under different discharge pressure and with different types of water mist systems were investigated. Experimental results showed that the cooking oil underwent a substantial expansion in volume during heating. The fires developed quickly once the oil auto-ignited. The fire growth rate was affected by the oil depth in the pan and the hood position in the oil cooker. The water mist fire suppression systems effectively extinguished large cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-igniting. Their extinguishing performance was determined by the type of water mist system, discharge pressure and hood position in the oil cooker.
The stability of ribosomes in uracil-starved Escherichia coli

Abstract The effect of uracil starvation and of methionine starvation on the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and protein in Fscherichia coli was investigated. The study depended on the separation of 15 N-containing from 14 N-containing ribosomes in a CsCl density gradient, and on the separation of ribosomes from messenger RNA in a sucrose density gradient. It was found that under these conditions of starvation neither synthesis of new ribosomes nor turnover of ribosomal RNA and protein occurs. On the other hand, the turnover of messenger RNA continues during uracil starvation.
Flux-flow noise and possible self-organized criticality in YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films

Abstract Motion of flux lines in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ thin films has been studied by means of a direct-flux counting method. A 1/ f type noise was observed in the thermally activated depinning region, providing a possible signature for self-organized critically. The changes in thermally activated depinning and a depinning-transition with temperature suggest that vortex lattice melting occurs in the YBCO thin films.
On the suppression of multiple rotational excitation in heavy ion inelastic scattering above the Coulomb barrier

Abstract Quantum mechanical calculations of 134 Xe+ 152 Sm inelastic scattering indicate that heavy ion induced excitation of high spin rotational states should be strongly suppressed at bombarding energies above the Coulomb barrier. The several mechanisms contributing to this effect are discussed.
Telecytology: Clinical applications, current challenges, and future benefits

Telecytology is the interpretation of cytology material at a distance using digital images. For more than a decade, pioneering efforts to introduce telecytology into clinical practice have been reported. A Medline search for "telecytology" and "cytology" reveals a voluminous literature, though much of what has been published to date is based on technologies that are rapidly becoming obsolete. The technological limitations of previous techniques, including the transmission of static digital images and dynamic streaming images, have limited telecytology to minor niches. The primary problem with these technologies is that the remote viewer can only see a small fraction of the material on the original slides, introducing the possibility of diagnostic error based not only on image quality but also on image selection. Remote robotic microscopy offers one possible solution to this problem, but to date has found limited acceptance, principally attributable to slow operating times. Whole slide imaging seems to be a much more promising solution, though cytology-specific literature regarding its use is still scant. The advent of whole slide imaging opens up new possibilities for telecytology by enabling high-quality images of entire cytology specimens to be available to anyone, anywhere via the Internet. Although challenges remain, especially with regard to capturing the full microscopy experience including multiple planes of focus and sharp high-powered images, rapidly advancing technology promises to overcome these limitations. Increasing application of whole slide imaging technology in surgical pathology will undoubtedly also increase its application to cytology due to the increasing affordability and practicality of the equipment as it serves a larger number of useful roles within a pathology department. The current and expanding applications of telecytology for clinical practice, education, quality assurance, and testing will be reviewed.
SU-E-J-22: Measurement-Based Cross-Scatter Correction in Dual Detector Cone-Beam CT

Purpose: A dual detector cone‐beam CT(CBCT)system could potentially allow for dual energy CBCT and dual‐view DTS. However, image quality in this system is severely degraded by the presence of scatter between the two imaging chains, i.e. cross‐scatter. The aim of this work is to develop a measurement‐based method for correcting cross‐scatter without increasing scan‐time or exposure and without adding additional hardware. Methods: The dual detectorCBCTimagingsystem has two tube/detector pairs mounted orthogonally; each 40×30 cm detector has an anti‐scatter grid. The cross‐scatter distribution was measured at a certain angular intervals by firing a single x‐ray tube and reading out both detectors. Cross‐scatter at intermediate angles was estimated by cubic spline interpolation. The cross‐scatter estimates were subtracted from the projections prior to reconstruction. The angular interval between cross‐scatter measurements was optimized for an anthropomorphic pelvic phantom. Accuracy of scatter interpolation was evaluated by comparing to directly measured cross‐scatter. Effectiveness of scatter correction was evaluated by measures of contrast and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in reconstructions of an image quality phantom from projection data acquired with and without cross‐scatter. Results: For the pelvic phantom and an angular interval of 11 degrees, interpolated cross‐scatter distributions were within 2.5% of measured cross‐scatter distributions. This error remained constant as the angular interval decreased below 11 degrees and rose sharply to about 90% as the angular interval increased to 34 degrees. The contrast was 58.0%, 70.8% and 70.8%, in the uncorrected, corrected, and cross‐scatter free reconstructions and similarly the CNR was 23.6, 22.8 and 24.9. Conclusions: This measurement‐based method effectively corrects for cross‐scatter without any additional hardware or imaging dose. This work is partially supported by a research grant from Varian Medical Systems.
Microwave background distortions from domain walls

Domain walls arising in a cosmic phase transition after decoupling were recently proposed as seeds for the formation of large scale structure. The distortion induced in the microwave background radiation is calculated in dependence of the wall thickness, surface density, scalar field potential, cosmic redshift and the velocity of the wall. It was found that the maximal redshift distortion for both spherical and planar walls is of the order pi G sigma H(sup -1)(sub 0), where sigma is the surface energy density and H(sup -1)(sub 0) the Hubble parameter. It was also found that, for a wall thickness smaller than the horizon, walls can be treated as infinitely thin, i.e., the redshift distortion is independent of the wall thickness and the specific form of the scalar potential. For planar walls moving with a Lorentz-factor gamma the redshift distortion is enhanced by gamma cubed.
Performance of multilayer coated diffraction gratings in the EUV

Performance of multilayer coated diffraction gratings has been evaluated in the extreme UV. The application of multilayer coatings to two blazed gratings has produced a significant enhancement in grating efficiency in the 300-A spectral region in first order.
Maintaining Solidarity: A Look Back at the Mormon Village*

The present study suggests, in contrast to community dissolution theories, that community is maintained through a dialogue between ideological commitment and cooperative action within a cultural framework. The research follows up on a classic rural community study series, that of Lowry Nelson's Mormon villages. Replicating Nelson's ethnographic methods, the author reevaluates the earlier findings and extends the data by several decades. Nelson's findings on Mormon village dynamics are still relevant, although in modified forms, largely through community members' commitments to a common ideology. The author concludes that affectively based communities persist despite modernization. Mormon solidarity has endured because of its early articulation of expected interaction with the broader social world and because of its commitment to both ideals and practical action.
Papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study.

Background The limited studies and the small number of published cases of papillary squamous cell carcinoma have precluded accurate assessment of the biologic characteristics of this lesion. Methods Thirty-eight of the carcinomas were studied. In-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) and p53 expression. Results HPV was found in 4 of 14 assessable carcinomas by in-situ hybridization and in 5 of 14 by polymerase chain reaction. The most frequently identified HPVs were HPVs in 6/11 and 16/18 patients. In general, a reciprocal relationship was found between p53 and HPV prevalence. The most lethal site for this tumor was the sinonasal tract, whereas patients with papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx had the best outlook. Eleven of 25 (44%) assessable patients died of disease (mean time interval, 2 year). Conclusions Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract is a distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma. As such and because of its putative association with HPV, papillary squamous cell carcinoma could be an informative model for defining how viral oncogenes cooperate with other factors in genomic instability, carcinogenesis, and tumor development. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 360–368, 2000.
Integration of electro-optic lenses and scanners on ferroelectric LiTaO3

Abstract An integrated electro-optic lens/scanner device was fabricated on ferroelectric LiTaO3 wafer. This was done using lithographically defined domain-inverted regions extending through the crystal thickness. A lens power of 0.233 cm−1kV−1 and a scanner deflection of 12.68 mrad−1 kV−1 was observed. We also demonstrate an electro-optic lens stack collimator which collimates an input beam focused to 5μm waist diameter at 2.3kV.
Redefining poverty: Deprivation among children in East Asia and the Pacific

This article presents the first measurement of multidimensional child poverty at the regional level in East Asia and the Pacific and is based on child poverty studies in seven countries in the region: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu and Viet Nam. It examines the prevalence of child poverty, as per the Bristol deprivation approach, in the seven countries, as well as the extent of various types of disparities within these countries. A composite measure, the Child Poverty Index, is also applied. Findings reveal that widespread and severe deprivation is being faced by children in one subset of countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR and Mongolia), while the other subset of countries (Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu and Viet Nam) is confronted with pockets of deprived child populations and the issue of less severe deprivation. Alternative policy approaches to reduce child poverty in these two subsets of study countries are also discussed.
An analytic approach in kinetic modeling of Ziegler–Natta polymerization of butadiene

A kinetic modeling study was conducted for the Ziegler–Natta polymerization of butadiene with cobalt octoate/DEAC/water catalyst. The model equations for the single and dual active site models were analytically solved, and the closed-form expressions for conversion and both number and weight average molecular weights were obtained. The expressions for conversion and number average molecular weight are identical for both models. Also, the expressions of weight average molecular weight are similar for both models, but the expression for the dual active site model includes an additional scalar parameter. The parameter can be regarded as a “correction factor of weight average molecular weight,” which reflects the effect of dual active sites on the polydispersity. Using the expressions, a simple and noniterative kinetic modeling algorithm was established, and the parameter estimates were obtained. The estimated value of the correction factor ranges from 1.2 to 1.5 depending on the experimental data. The modeling results indicate the validity of the dual active site model. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Disrupting Foxh1-Groucho Interaction Reveals Robustness of Nodal-Based Embryonic Patterning

Abstract The winged-helix transcription factor Foxh1 is an essential regulator of Nodal signaling during the key developmental processes of gastrulation, anterior–posterior (A–P) patterning, and the derivation of left–right (L–R) asymmetry. Current models have Foxh1 bound to phospho-Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) as a central transcriptional activator for genes targeted by Nodal signaling including Nodal itself, the feedback inhibitor Lefty2, and the positive transcriptional effector Pitx2. However, the conserved Engrailed homology-1 (EH1) motif present in Foxh1 suggests that modulated interaction with Groucho (Grg) co-repressors would allow Foxh1 to function as a transcriptional switch, toggling between transcriptional on and off states via pSmad2-Grg protein-switching, to ensure the properly timed initiation and suppression, and/or amplitude, of expression of Nodal and its target genes. We minimally mutated the Foxh1 EH1 motif, creating a novel Foxh1mEH1 allele to test directly the contribution of Foxh1–Grg-mediated repression on the transient, dynamic pattern of Nodal signaling in mice. All aspects of Nodal and its target gene expression in Foxh1mEH1/mEH1 embryos were equivalent to wild type. A–P patterning and organ situs in homozygous embryos and adult mice were also unaffected. The finding that Foxh1–Grg-mediated repression is not essential for Nodal expression during mouse embryogenesis suggests that other regulators compensate for the loss of repressive regulatory input that is mediated by Grg interactions. We suggest that the pervasive inductive properties of Nodal signaling exist within the context of a strongly buffered regulatory system that contributes to resilience and accuracy of its dynamic expression pattern.
Reduction of nitrate and nitrite in a cyclically operated continuous biological reactor.

Biological reduction of nitrate and nitrite was studied with a continuously operated cyclic reactor. The medium was fed to the reactor during the first phase of the cycle, and the effluent was drawn from the reactor during the third phase of the cycle; reaction occurred throughout the cycle. The process was described mathematically based on kinetic expressions revealed in an independent study. The model equations were subjected to detailed analysis with numerical codes based on the bifurcation theory for forced systems. The analysis has shown that in the operating parameter space there are extensive regions where the system can reach up to three different periodic states. The results of this analysis are shown in the form of two-dimensional operating diagrams. Numerical results have also shown that under certain operating conditions nitrate can be completely eliminated, while nitrite remains practically untreated. An experimental unit was designed, constructed, and used in experiments with a strain of Pseudomonas denitrificans under different operating conditions. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical predictions both qualitatively and quantitatively. Conditions under which complete reduction of both nitrate and nitrite is achieved, were found and experimentally verified. The results of this study suggest a methodology for analysis and designmore » of cyclically operated bioreactors employed in denitrification of wastewaters.« less
Uniform expansion of the transition rate in Kramers' problem

Kramers' model of diffusion over potential barriers, e.g., chemical reactions, based on the noise activated escape of a particle from a potential well, is considered. Kramers derived escape rates valid for intermediate and large damping, and in a separate analysis, for small damping. In the small damping limit, Kramers' intermediate result reduces to the transition state rate which does not agree with the small damping result. A new escape rate is derived that is uniformly valid for all values of the damping coefficient. The new rate reduces to Kramers' results in the appropriate limits and, in particular, connects Kramers' intermediate and small damping results.
Induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the NIH minipig.

Abstract Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in the NIH minipig to create a large animal model of multiple sclerosis with a well-characterized immune system. Sixteen NIH minipigs were inoculated with minipig spinal cord homogenate (SCH). The clinical course was primarily monophasic, but re-induction was possible. CNS and blood lymphocytes specifically proliferated to SCH. Flow cytometry of CNS-isolated cells and SCH-stimulated PBMC revealed a shift to CD4 + CD8 + cells. Pathology demonstrated demyelination in the CNS white matter with perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates of CD3 + CD4 + CD45 + lymphocytes with a subset CD8 + . Pathology and in vitro SCH responses implicate a central role of CD4 + lymphocytes in swine EAE.
Characterization of Constraint in Successively Inclusive Locational Hierarchies

Within the context of multilevel siting models, location analysts have long known the problems associated with providing access to a hierarchy of services. Numerous studies, for example, have documented the fact that locational goals at any level of an organization can be constrained by previous decisions made at other levels and, thus, by the direction in which information flows. In this paper, it is shown that both the direction and type of information flow affect the amount of constraint imposed upon a hierarchical location problem. Further, the formal characterization of this constraint for successively inclusive facility systems suggests the need for a broadened conceptualization of such hierarchical structures. An illustrative siting example is provided.
A Mixed Scheme for Subgrid-Scale Fluxes in Cloud-Resolving Models

Alarge-domainlarge-eddysimulationofatropicaldeepconvectionsystemisusedasabenchmarktoderive and test a mixed subgrid-scale (SGS) scheme for scalar and momentum fluxes in cloud-resolving models (CRMs). The benchmark simulation resolves a broad range of scales ranging from mesoscale organizations, through gravity waves and individual clouds, down to energy-containing turbulent eddies. A spectral analysis showsthatthevertical-velocitykineticenergypeaksatscalesfromhundredsofmetersinthelowercloudlayer to several kilometers higher up; these scales are typical grid sizes of today’s CRMs. The analysis also shows that a significant portion of the scalar and momentum fluxes in the benchmark simulation are carried by motions smaller than several kilometers (i.e., smaller than a typical grid resolution of CRMs). The broad range of scales of the benchmark simulation is split into two components: filter scale (mimicking CRM resolvable scale) and subfilter scale (mimicking CRM SGS), using filter widths characteristic of a typical CRM grid spacing. The local relationship of the subfilter-scale fluxes to the filter-scale variables is examined. This leads to a mixed SGS scheme to represent the SGS fluxes of scalars and momentum in CRMs. A priori tests showthatthemixedSGSschemeyieldsspatialdistributionsofsubfilter-scalefluxesthatcorrelatemuchbetter with those retrieved from the benchmark when compared with an eddy viscosity/diffusivity scheme that is commonly used in today’s CRMs.
Prey detection by fourth stage Coccinella transversoguttata larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract The mode of prey detection is described for stage IV Coccinella transversoguttata larvae. The prolegs and possibly the head and mouthparts are more important than the stemmata for detecting prey. Prey are probably first noted by touch, but contact chemoreception, especially by the mouthparts, may also occur.
Separation of native and denatured fractions from partially denatured pneumococcal DNA

After partial denaturation at temperatures which inactivate only some genetic markers, pneumococcal DNA is shown to consist of a mixture of intact and denatured molecules. Two boundaries are obtained in sedimentation velocity measurements, and two bands are resolved after centrifugation in a cesium chloride density-gradient. These correspond to untreated native DNA and fully denatured DNA. When DNA, partially denatured at 90·0°C, is eluted from a methylated albumin column, with salt solutions of increasing concentration, a native fraction and two denatured fractions are separated. The following properties are observed for the native fraction, as compared with untreated native DNA: the transforming activity of the preserved genetic markers is increased 1·5-fold; the intrinsic viscosity is high and unchanged (85 dl./g); the sedimentation coefficient is slightly lowered ( S 20,w =23s). It is concluded that the resolved native fraction is similar in molecular weight and configuration to intact native DNA, and is enriched in those molecules which are stable at 90·0°C. The two fractions of denatured DNA are similar in physical properties to fully denatured DNA, yet they are shown by rechromatography to be distinctly different fractions. They also differ in capacity to regain transforming activity under optimal conditions for renaturation; the early column fraction shows no increase in activity, and the later fraction can be reactivated as efficiently as the unfractionated denatured DNA. The combined results indicate that “all-or-none” denaturation occurs. There is no evidence for the formation of partially denatured molecules, and all of the molecules which bear a particular genetic marker either remain intact or are fully denatured. On this basis, as well as the molecular homogeneity indicated by the sharp sedimenting boundaries, it is proposed that chromosomal breakage during isolation of pneumococcal DNA occurs at predetermined, regularly spaced intervals.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck treated by surgery with or without postoperative radiation therapy: Prognostic features of recurrence

Purpose: This study sought to review a single-institution experience with the management of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods and Materials: Between 1960 and 2004, 140 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with definitive surgery. Ninety patients (64%) received postoperative radiation to a median dose of 64 Gy (range, 54–71 Gy). Distribution of T stage was: 26% T1, 28% T2, 20% T3, and 26% T4. Seventy-eight patients (56%) had microscopically positive margins. Median follow-up was 66 months (range, 7–267 months). Results: The 5- and 10-year rate estimates of local control were 88% and 77%, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards model identified T4 disease ( p = 0.0001), perineural invasion ( p = 0.008), omission of postoperative radiation ( p = 0.007), and major nerve involvement ( p = 0.02) as independent predictors of local recurrence. Radiation dose lower than 60 Gy ( p = 0.0004), T4 disease ( p = 0.005), and major nerve involvement ( p = 0.02) were predictors of local recurrence among those treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. The 10-year overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival were 64% and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: Combined-modality therapy with surgery followed by radiation to doses in excess of 60 Gy should be considered the standard of care for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.
Silica xerogel/aerogel-supported lipid bilayers: consequences of surface corrugation.

Abstract The objective of this paper was to review our recent investigations of silica xerogel and aerogel-supported lipid bilayers. These systems provide a format to observe relationships between substrate curvature and supported lipid bilayer formation, lipid dynamics, and lipid mixtures phase behavior and partitioning. Sensitive surface techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy are readily applied to these systems. To inform current and future investigations, we review the experimental literature involving the impact of curvature on lipid dynamics, lipid and phase-separated lipid domain localization, and membrane–substrate conformations and we review our molecular dynamics simulations of supported lipid bilayers with the atomistic and molecular information they provide.
Management of Opioid Analgesic Overdose

The rate of opioid analgesic overdose is proportional to the number of opioid prescriptions and the dose prescribed. This review considers the epidemiology, mechanisms, and management of opioid analgesic overdose.
Machines as Moral Patients We Shouldn’t Care About (Yet): The Interests and Welfare of Current Machines

In order to determine whether current (or future) machines have a welfare that we as agents ought to take into account in our moral deliberations, we must determine which capacities give rise to interests and whether current machines have those capacities. After developing an account of moral patiency, I argue that current machines should be treated as mere machines. That is, current machines should be treated as if they lack those capacities that would give rise to psychological interests. Therefore, they are moral patients only if they have non-psychological interests. I then provide an account of what I call teleo interests that constitute the most plausible type of non-psychological interest that a being might have. I then argue that even if current machines have teleo interests, they are such that agents need not concern themselves with these interests. Therefore, for all intents and purposes, current machines are not moral patients.
Fabrication and Application of Enzyme-Incorporated Peptide Nanotubes

Enzyme engineering is a fast-growing field in the pharmaceutical and food markets. For those applications, various substrates have been examined to immobilize and stabilize enzymes. In this report, we examined peptide nanotubes as supports for enzymes. When a model enzyme, Candida rugosa lipase, was encapsulated in peptide nanotubes, the catalytic activity of nanotube-bound lipases was increased 33% as compared to free-standing lipases at room temperature. At an elevated temperature, 65 °C, the activity of lipases inside the nanotubes was 70% higher than free-standing lipases. The activity enhancement of lipases in the peptide nanotubes is likely induced by the conformation change of lipases to the open form (the enzymatically active structure) as lipases are adsorbed on the inner surfaces of peptide nanotubes.
Twenty years of homicide and robbery in Chicago: The impact of the city's changing racial and age composition

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest and offense data for Chicago for 1960 to 1980 and population data from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses are used to assess the extent to which demographic changes help explain trends in the city's homicide and robbery arrests. The results indicate that a changing racial composition contributed to changes in the age composition of Chicago's population as well as to changes in the homicide rate. Age-specific analysis by race and gender suggests that as much as 24% of the total increase in homicide arrests and 45% of the increase in robbery arrests (from 1962 to 1980) can be attributed to an increase in the number of nonwhite men in the population. Increasedrates of arrest of nonwhite men appear to account for large parts of the increases in homicide and robbery arrests, with increased rates for white men and nonwhite women also accounting for some of these increases. The paper closes with a discussion of the issues raised by these trends for Chicago and other urban areas.
BIPHASIC TIME COURSE OF SOLUBILIZATION OF NITROGENASE DURING CAVITATION OF AEROBICALLY GROWN ANABAENA CYLINDRICA1

SUMMARY The nitrogenase activity of extracts from aerobically grown. Anabaena cylindrica is proportional to the cube of the concentration of extract over a wide range of activities. This relationship is changed to one of direct proportionality, approximately, when reaction mixtures are supplemented with a constant amount of extract from algae starved for molybdenum in the presence of tungstate. The time course of solubilization of nitrogenase during cavitation is reevaluated in the light of these results. The finding that solubilization occurs at first rapidly and subsequently much more slowly is discussed with reference to the hypothesis that nitrogenase is localized in heterocysts.
Confession and desire in L'Etranger

Montrant que le format du journal fournit une reaffirmation presente du passe, l'A. recuse la these d'une rupture stylistique entre la narration de l'experience immediate et celle de la prise de conscience dans la structure du roman de Camus
Secondary traumatic stress in school personnel

Although research has examined secondary traumatic stress (STS) among mental health workers, no studies have systematically addressed STS among public school personnel. Given the amount of time children spend in school (7–8 h per day) and high national estimates of youth trauma exposure, this line of inquiry is warranted. Participants included 229 school staff members across six schools in the northwestern USA. Results indicated that school staff reported very high levels of STS, despite also deriving satisfaction from doing their job well at levels that approximate national averages of job satisfaction. Their levels of job burnout are remarkably average. Although individuals working in mental health receive training in recognition of STS in self and colleagues, and are provided with STS referral, mitigation, and treatment opportunities on the job, no opportunities such as these are routinely provided for school personnel. Implications and recommendations for such programs are discussed.
A lightweight, low cost autonomously operating terrestrial laser scanner for quantifying and monitoring ecosystem structural dynamics

a b s t r a c t The three-dimensional (3-D) structure of ecosystems is inherently dynamic. However, this is often ignored in ecological studies because it is difficult to characterize using traditional field methods. Terres- trial laser scanning (TLS) is a rapidly maturing technique to complement and enhance traditional field methods for quantifying 3-D geometric properties of ecosystems. Two major limitations of TLS include the low temporal resolution that often exists between each data acquisition, and the relatively high cost of such systems (entry level systems cost >$40,000 USD) that puts this method out of reach for many poten- tial users. Consequently, TLS is currently limited as a mainstream method for capturing 3-D geometric ecosystem dynamics. The objectives of this study were to (i) describe the design of a lightweight (3.85 kg), low-cost ($<12,000 USD), autonomously operating terrestrial laser scanner (ATLS) and to (ii) test its abil- ity to provide data to quantify and monitor ecological characteristics that exhibit structural change. We tested the utility of the ATLS data to quantify plant growth by measuring plants with different heights and diameter at breast height (DBH). Specifically, we derived the canopy heights of a conifer tree (Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii), broadleaf tree (Quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides), graminoid (Calamagrostis x acutiflora), and forb (Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus), and the DBH of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. The ATLS was also tested under varying weather conditions (including rain, snowfall and temperature ranging from −9.1 to 21.1 ◦C), to quantify canopy structural changes in quaking aspen during leaf drop relative to a Ponderosa Pine that retained its leaves over the same time period. We also compared canopy structural changes quantified by ATLS canopy laser returns with those quantified using a commercial TLS. Our results showed strong agreements between observed and ATLS derived conifer tree canopy height (RMSE = 0.96 cm, r2 = 1.00, slope = 0.96, intercept = 1.43),
The Emergence of a Shared Morality in a Classroom

(1992). The Emergence of a Shared Morality in a Classroom. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 345-361.
Effects of Metaphors on Children's Comprehension and Perception of Print Advertisements

Abstract In an experiment, children in three grade levels (second, fourth, and sixth) viewed four advertisements. The children were shown advertisements with either metaphors in both pictorial and verbal form or a literal equivalent. The sixth graders interpreted more metaphors correctly than the fourth and second graders. In terms of recall of advertised content, the sixth and fourth graders recalled brand names, products, and additional copy better than the second graders. Within each grade level, metaphors did not enhance children's recall of advertised content or perceptions of the understandability of the advertisements and liking of the advertised products. The authors speculate that metaphors are most likely to enhance recall under conditions in which the metaphor serves as a direct representation linking the metaphor to the advertised product. Their findings suggest that advertisers should be aware that young readers may have difficulty interpreting metaphors and that metaphors may not be more eff...
Visual evoked responses elicited by rapid stimulation.

Abstract An assessment of the technique of eliciting VERs with rapid rates of stimulation has revealed that differences in evoked response due to stimulus parameters may be minimized under these conditions. The probable reason is that addition of ongoing activity from one flash to that elicited by another occurs; this addition can obscure or enhance wave form differences present in the complete evoked response. A comparison of visual-evoked responses (VERs) to rapid flash rates which were empirically determined with VERs synthesized from a linear addition of the first two segments of the complete evoked response reveals a rather remarkable agreement in most cases. On the other hand, some failures to predict empirical data in this manner to occur. These failures are not due to temporal variations and their etiology is unknown at this time. Until the electrogenesis of the VER is understood, we conclude the use of both a fast and a slow rate to obtain VERs is a good methodological technique for studying brain functioning.