cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field evaluation of seven products to control cyanobacterial blooms in aquaculture

Harmful algal blooms negatively impact water quality in hypereutrophic systems that are common in aquaculture. However, few algaecides are approved for use in food-fish aquaculture. This study assessed the effectiveness of seven products, including hydrogen peroxide (as a concentrated liquid or in granular form (PAK-27)), peracetic acid (as VigorOx SP-15 and Peraclean), copper (as copper sulfate in unchelated (powder) or chelated (Captain) forms), and a clay-based product (as Phoslock) on phytoplankton (including cyanobacteria) and zooplankton biomass. Each product was tested in a 14-day laboratory and 35-day field experiment to assess their short- and long-term performance. Although some products (i.e., copper-based and liquid hydrogen peroxide) quickly reduced phytoplankton, effects were short-lived given that chlorophyll concentrations returned to starting concentrations within 21 days. In contrast, all but one product (i.e., concentrated liquid hydrogen peroxide) maintained low phycocyanin concentrations for 35 days. Zooplankton biomass trends showed large, negative effects for most algaecides; however, zooplankton rebounded for most treatments except for copper-based products. In general, copper-based products remain the most efficient and cheapest choice to reduce total phytoplankton biomass in aquaculture systems. However, peracetic acid-based products effectively and quickly reduced cyanobacteria while having marginal effects on beneficial algae and zooplankton. Such algaecides could be effective alternatives to copper-based products for aquaculture farmers.
Cost evaluation of an exercise oncology intervention: The exercise in all chemotherapy trial.

Background There is strong evidence supporting the efficacy of exercise oncology programs to improve physical and psychosocial outcomes during active treatment. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the effect of exercise on healthcare utilization and cost analyzes of exercise oncology programs. Aims Our objective was to assess the effects of a pragmatic exercise oncology program (ENACT) during active chemotherapy treatment on healthcare utilization and associated costs. Methods We conducted post-hoc analyzes on 160 ENACT participants and 75 comparison participants matched on cancer site, stage, age range, and gender. We obtained complete healthcare utilization histories for each patient (specific to emergency department [ED] visits and hospital admissions) coinciding with their participation in ENACT. A sub-analysis was conducted for advanced stage breast, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic cancer patients. Results Healthcare costs for patients who participated in the ENACT exercise oncology intervention were numerically lower than healthcare costs for the comparison group, even after accounting for the cost of the intervention. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Our findings suggest that an exercise oncology program during active chemotherapy treatment are at least cost neutral for all cancer patients, including advanced stage cancers. Additional research is warranted to evaluate the potential for exercise oncology programs to reduce healthcare utilization, particularly in advanced cancer patients.
Document Categorization and Query Generation on the World Wide WebUsing WebACE

We present WebACE, an agent for exploring and categorizing documents on the World Wide Web based on a user profile. The heart of the agent is an unsupervised categorization of a set of documents, combined with a process for generating new queries that is used to search for new related documents and for filtering the resulting documents to extract the ones most closely related to the starting set. The document categories are not given a priori. We present the overall architecture and describe two novel algorithms which provide significant improvement over Hierarchical Agglomeration Clustering and AutoClass algorithms and form the basis for the query generation and search component of the agent. We report on the results of our experiments comparing these new algorithms with more traditional clustering algorithms and we show that our algorithms are fast and sacalable.
Apparent 15N uptake kinetics resulting from remineralization1,2

A computer model of phytoplankton /sup 15/N uptake experiments in which simultaneous remineralization is occurring is used to demonstrate potential artifacts if remineralization is disregarded. In simulated experiments where a range of /sup 15/N additions is made to obtain population kinetics, apparent kinetics can be obtained where none exist. Similarly, in simulated experiments where samples are taken over time there is an apparent decrease in uptake rates with time, which, when plotted against inferred changes in substrate concentration, gives rise to similar kinetics. In actual experiments, such artifacts could obscure any real kinetics and would lead to erroneous estimates of population characteristics.
Medical management of patients with multiple sclerosis

The symptoms of MS overlap with those of a variety of medical conditions. Therefore, clinicians need to remain vigilant so as not to miss development of a coexisting disorder, which can cause fatigue (eg, anemia, thyroid disease, diabetes, or vitamin B12 deficiency) or a myelopathy (eg, cervical spondylosis). Patients with MS are predisposed to certain conditions, particularly decreased bone mineral density and vitamin D deficiency [126,127]. Furthermore, the adverse effects of some MS therapies increase the risk of certain conditions; for example, corticosteroids used to treat relapses can precipitate or exacerbate hyperglycemia, hypertension, or mood disorders. Although occasional courses of corticosteroids probably do not have deleterious effects on bone mineral density [128], chronic steroids may worsen bone mineral density loss. Chronic immunosuppression increases the risk of infection and malignancy. Finally, many MS disease therapies and symptomatic medications can cause drug-induced hepatitis.
Comparison of Genetic Structure of Epixylic Liverwort Crossocalyx hellerianus between Central European and Fennoscandian Populations.

Patterns of genetic variation and spatial genetic structure (SGS) were investigated in Crossocalyx hellerianus, a strictly epixylic dioicous liverwort (Scapaniaceae s.l., Marchantiophyta). Studied populations were located in Fennoscandia and Central Europe, with localities differing in availability of substrate and the population connectivity, and their populations consequently different in size, density, and prevailing reproductive mode. A set of nine polymorphic microsatellites was successfully developed and used. Identical individuals were only found within populations. Especially in large populations, the majority of the individuals were genetically unique. Resampled number of genotypes, mean number of observed alleles per locus after rarefaction, and Nei’s gene diversity in large populations reached high values and ranged between 4.41–4.97, 3.13–4.45, and 0.94–0.99, respectively. On the contrary, the values in small populations were lower and ranged between 1.00–4.42, 1.00–2.73, and 0.00–0.95, respectively. As expected, large populations were found to be more genetically diverse than small populations but relatively big diversity of genotypes was also found in small populations. This indicated that even small populations are important sources of genetic variation in bryophytes and processes causing loss of genetic variation might be compensated by other sources of variability, of which somatic mutations might play an important role. The presence of SGS was discovered in all populations. Large populations possessed less SGS, with individuals showing a pronounced decrease in kinship over 50 cm of distance. Apparent SGS of small populations even at distances up to 16 meters suggests the aggregation of similar genotypes, caused predominantly by the deposition of asexually formed gemmae. Although no strong kinship was detectable at the distances over 16 meters in both small and large populations, identical genotypes were occasionally detected at longer distances (20–80 m), suggesting effective dispersal of asexual propagules.
Estudi de l'inventari d'assertivitat de Gambrill i Richey en una mostra d'estudiants de Psicologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

This paper is an analysis ofthe results obtained in the application of the Gambrill & Richey Inventory to a sample of students of Psychology of the UAB. In the factorial analysis we found one factor (the first) more highly saturated in assertiveness than the Gambrill and Richey's factors. Our study confirms the usefulness of the inventory for a first assessment of assertive behavior.
A Pre-symbolic Struggle: Pearl’s Subject-construction in The Scarlet Letter

Being identified with the imaginary father to separate from the abject mother, Pearl in The Scarlet Letter is finally able to construct her subject. This paper takes an excursion into Kristevan exploration of how Pearl’s subjectivity develops. It also reveals and analyzes Pearl’s bewilderment and dilemma in the process of her subject construction.
Minicone penetration testing of seafloor soils

The Naval Seafloor Research Program at California State University, Los Angeles, is funded through a Research and Education grant from the Office of Naval Research. The purpose of the program is to conduct seafloor engineering research with the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center's Ocean Engineering Division to test and calibrate a new minicone penetration system to provide accurate and reliable geo-technical soil information within the upper 5 to 6 feet of the seafloor. This paper presents the experimental results of an ongoing investigation to study the penetration resistance of a minicone in sand at shallow penetration.
Post-polypectomy Guideline Adherence: Importance of Belief in Guidelines, Not Guideline Knowledge or Fear of Missed Cancer

Adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guideline recommendations is suboptimal. Surveillance is frequently over- and under-recommend, resulting in strained colonoscopy capacity, potential risks without expected benefits, and missed opportunities for colorectal cancer risk reduction. To identify factors associated with adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines. We conducted a three-phase study with a retrospective review of usual care post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations through medical chart abstraction (Phase I), prospective online physician survey (Phase II), and analysis of survey-based and other physician-based predictors of usual care surveillance recommendations (Phase III). Subjects included patients who underwent usual care colonoscopy 2011–2012 (Phases I and III) and gastroenterology (GI) attendings and fellows (Phases II and III). We identified rates of recommendations consistent with guideline adherence, surveillance overuse, and surveillance underuse based on usual care medical chart documentation and physician survey, as well as predictors of physician adherence to guidelines. We reviewed 640 patient charts for 28 survey respondents. Rates of usual practice recommendations consistent with guideline adherence, surveillance overutilization, and underutilization were 84, 13, and 3 %, respectively. At survey, 82 % of physicians were concerned about missed cancer. Eleven percentage believed that guidelines were not aggressive enough. GI trainees were 2.5 times more likely to issue guideline-adherent recommendations [OR 2.5, 95 % CI (1.5–4.2)]. Disagreement with guideline aggressiveness was independently associated with 40 % lower likelihood of adherence [OR 0.6, 95 % CI (0.4–0.8)]. Belief in the appropriate aggressiveness of guidelines and trainee position, but not fear of missed cancer or guideline knowledge, was associated with adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines.
An Introduction to Radar

This chapter contains sections titled: Pulse Radar CW Radar Directional Properties of Radar Measurements Resolution Imaging Radar The Traditional Radar Equation The Polarimetric Radar Equation A Polarimetric Radar Noise References Problems ]]>
Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data

Satellite-mounted radar scatterometers designed to quantify surface winds over the ocean actually measure the relative motion between the air and the ocean surface. Estimates of the wind stress from conventional surface wind measurements are usually derived neglecting ocean currents. However, when the relative motion is used, the differences in the estimated stress can be as large as 50% near the equator and may even reverse sign during an El Nino. This assertion is supported by the strong relationship between the surface currents measured by the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) array in the Pacific Ocean and the differences between the winds estimated from scatterometer data and those measured by TAO anemometers. The fact that the scatterometer measures relative motion, and not wind alone, makes scatterometer-derived stress a more accurate representation of the boundary condition needed for both atmospheric and oceanic models than stress fields derived neglecting ocean currents.
Interferon coordinately inhibits the disruption of PML-positive ND10 and immediate-early gene expression by herpes simplex virus.

Interferons (IFNs) are important components of the innate immune response, limiting herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. In recombinant HSV-infected cells, IFN inhibited expression of β-galactosid...
Physiological and physical aspects of temperature regulation in the burrowing owl Speotyto cunicularia

Abstract 1. 1. Burrowing owls maintained an average T B = 38·0°C when T A = 0–38°C. When T B > T B , burrowing owls dissipated 135 per cent of their metabolic heat production through pulmocutaneous evaporation, facilitated by gular flutter. 2. 2. The effects of ambient water vapour on EWL were considered and a correction factor for specified T A and humidity conditions proposed. 3. 3. Thermal conductance ( C ) and thermal index ( θ = C - EWL ) were different for winter-adapted ( θ = 0·233 cal/g per hr/°C) and summer-adapted owls ( θ = 0·286 cal/g per hr/°C). 4. 4. Differences in HR and oxygen pulse (cm 3 O 2 /g per hr/heart beat) corresponded to the differences observed in ( C ) and (θ). Surface absorptivity ( ϵ s ) to solar radiation also correlated with these seasonal differences. 5. 5. Winter owls (in fresh plumage) had an ϵ s = 0·648, while summer owls (in worn plumage) had an ϵ s = 0·550; this can be accounted for by differences in melanin absorption. 6. 6. The dynamic specific heat ( ), defined as the change in heat production required to raise 1 g of live tissue by 1°C, was 1·11 cal/g per hr/°C. 7. 7. Stochastic models involving more than two parameters increased the accuracy of prediction for dot V O 2 and EWL .
Courtesan vs. Literatus: Gendered Soundscapes and Aesthetics in Late-Ming Singing Culture

This article examines the gendering of singing in the last few decades of the Ming dynasty and its connections with certain specific sonic environments. By reading together an assemblage of texts of a hybrid nature and considering each one as a complex literary or pictorial production growing out of the vibrant singing culture of the day, the author reconstructs the way in which certain soundscapes influenced and harmonized with two contrasting modes of vocal performance—the intimate “oriole”-like singing and the more masculine “crane” performing style. One observes further the rise of a new singing style that mingled the gendered categories of singing prevailing at the time and was related to the flourishing of outdoor singing festivals starting from the 1570s. Cet article s’interesse a la sexualisation de l’art du chant pendant les dernieres decennies des Ming et a la facon dont elle etait connectee avec certains environ-nements acoustiques particuliers. La lecture combinee d’une serie de textes de nature hybride, considere chacun comme une production litteraire ou picturale complexe nee du dynamisme qui marquait la culture vocale de l’epoque, permet a l’auteur de reconstituer la facon dont certains “paysages acoustiques” influencaient deux modes contrastes d’interpretation vocale — le style intime assimile au chant du loriot et le mode d’interpretation plus masculin associe a celui de la grue — et s’harmonisaient avec eux. On observe en outre l’emergence d’un nouveau style vocal qui mele les categories sexualisees prevalant alors dans l’art du chant et qui est associe a l’essor des festivals de chant en plein air a partir des annees 1570.
Reversal of copper(II)-induced methemoglobin formation by thiols

Oxyhemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin by copper(II) in a two-stage reaction that results in conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) in heme of the beta subunits, but not the alpha subunits. Glutathione and other thiols, which are slowly oxidized by Cu(II), protect oxyhemoglobin from Cu(II)-induced oxidation. In the present studies, when oxyhemoglobin was first oxidized to methemoglobin by Cu(II) and thiols such as glutathione added to the sample, methemoglobin was reduced to oxyhemoglobin. Once reduction of methemoglobin stopped, as the thiol was oxidized, the oxyhemoglobin formed was reoxidized by Cu(II). The addition of the same thiols to methemoglobin formed by autoxidation did not reduce it to oxyhemoglobin. The addition of thiols such as cysteine, which are rapidly oxidized by Cu(II), to methemoglobin formed by incubation with Cu(II) also resulted in reduction of methemoglobin, but the period of reversal was much shorter than that seen with glutathione and other less reactive thiols. When cysteine and glutathione were added together to Cu(II)-induced methemoglobin, the rate of reduction and reoxidation was intermediate to that seen when either was added separately. When EDTA was added to a system in which oxyhemoglobin was undergoing Cu(II)-induced oxidation, oxidation of oxyhemoglobin ceased and there was no reduction of the methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. When both glutathione and EDTA were added to this system, the response was the same as with EDTA alone, suggesting that Cu(I) or (II) may be required for the reduction of copper-induced methemoglobin by thiols. These studies show that thiols that are slowly oxidized by Cu(II) both protect oxyhemoglobin from Cu(II)-induced oxidation, and reduce the methemoglobin formed to oxyhemoglobin.
Open repair of adult aortic coarctation mostly by a resection and graft replacement technique.

Background We report on our experience with treatment of adults requiring de novo or redo open aortic coarctation repair mostly by a resection and interposition graft technique. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients older than 16 years requiring open repair of aortic coarctation. Indications for repair, operative details, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Between 1996 and 2011, we treated 29 adult aortic coarctation patients with open repair. The mean age was 42 years (range, 17-69 years), and there were 15 men. Nine patients had previous repair with recurrence; the remaining 20 had native coarctation. Thoracic aortic aneurysms were present in 22 patients (76%), ranging in size from 3.0 to 9.6 cm (mean, 4.8 cm). Four patients had intercostal artery aneurysms (range, 1.0-2.5 cm), four had left subclavian artery aneurysms, and four had ascending/arch aneurysms. The most common repair was resection of aortic coarctation with interposition graft replacement (93%). Two patients without aneurysm had bypasses from the proximal descending thoracic aorta to the infrarenal aorta without aortic resection. There was no in-hospital mortality, stroke, or paraplegia. Long-term survival was 89% during a median follow-up of 81 months (interquartile range, 47-118 months), with no patient requiring reoperation on the repaired segment. Conclusions Open repair of native and recurrent adult aortic coarctation has acceptable morbidity and low mortality. Especially in patients with concomitant aneurysm, resection with interposition graft replacement provides a safe and durable repair option.
Long-lived Intermediates in Phytochrome Transformation II: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Conditions of illumination which cause phytochrome to cycle rapidly from P(R) to P(FR) and back lead to the accumulation in vivo of detectable amounts of long-lived intermediates on the P(R) to P(FR) pathway in oat coleoptile tissue. They appear to decay independently and in parallel to P(FR). Their behavior under different intensities of illumination and exposure time suggests that they are homologous with 2 similar intermediates previously observed in vitro. Available evidence favoring this suggestion is discussed. Equivalent illumination apparently causes far higher steady state levels of absorption by intermediates in vivo than in vitro, suggestion that native phytochrome is in a different physical state in the cell than it is in solution. A difference spectrum for the intermediates in vitro between 365 and 580 nm is presented. It has a maximum at 380 nm, a minimum at 418 nm, and crossover points at 398 and 485 nm. Glycerol in the phytochrome sample enhances the signal without otherwise changing the spectrum in any way. The difference spectrum represents the difference in absorption between the combined intermediates and P(FR).
The Face-Off Between User Privacy and Information Exploitation in Online Social Networking

This research examines the extent to which and the path through which privacy concerns may trigger negative consequences in Social Networking Sites SNS. Contradicting conventional wisdom that privacy concerns could severely impede the adoption and diffusion of online social networking, the results indicate that privacy concerns and risk beliefs do not directly impact individuals' willingness to share information through SNS. However, privacy concerns and risk beliefs do impede individuals' willingness to be profiled by SNS for personalized services and advertisement. Privacy concerns also positively impact risk beliefs and negatively impact trusting beliefs. Trusting beliefs positively influence individuals' willingness to share information through SNS and willingness to be profiled by SNS for personalized services and advertisement.
Shake Table Testing of a Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Response Modification Device in a Wood Shearwall

Wood frame structures represent the vast majority of the housing stock in North America. These structures rely primarily on wood shear walls to resist seismic loads, and exhibit highly nonlinear behavior at relatively low loadings, which dissipates a large amount of energy. However, the highly nonlinear behavior also results in larger deformations and resulting structural and nonstructural damage. Supplemental energy dissipating devices have shown the potential to greatly reduce the amount of damage to wood frame structures during earthquakes. Numerous such devices have been developed using friction, viscoelastic, hysteretic, and fluid viscous dampers. This paper presents the results of a research study to design and test a supplemental energy dissipating device based on a superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) in a full-scale wood shear wall on an earthquake shake table. SMA’s have never been applied for use as seismic protection in wood shear walls. The results from these shake table tests were compared ...
Analysis of transient dissolution in CaO-Al2O3- SiO2

Dissolution rates, interface concentrations and diffusion paths were calculated for dissolution of A12O3 and SiO2 in a 40 wt pct CaO-20 wt pct Al2O3-40 wt pct SiO2 melt at 1773 K utilizing the recently determined [D] matrix and a moving boundary treatment of the multicomponent diffusion problem for the transient case with no solid solution, a concentration independent diffusion matrix, and chemical equilibrium at the solid-liquid interface. There is reasonable agreement between these calculations and experimental measurements in the system and explanation of the small discrepancies is not difficult.
From states of affairs to a necessary being

I develop new paths to the existence of a concrete necessary being. These paths assume a metaphysical framework in which there are abstract states of affairs that can obtain or fail to obtain. One path begins with the following causal principle: necessarily, any contingent concrete object possibly has a cause. I mark out steps from that principle to a more complex causal principle and from there to the existence of a concrete necessary being. I offer a couple alternative causal principles and paths, too. The paths marked out rely on relatively modest causal principles and avoid many obstacles that traditional cosmological arguments face.
Recent advances in the structural analysis of scientific balloons

The analysis of balloon envelopes by the finite element (FE) method is plagued by convergence problems. A pratical FE analysis approach is based on the fact that in thin shells with non-zero Gaussian curvature the membrane solution component is essentially decoupled from the bending solution component. A proxy-problem is solved by using a small artificial bending stiffness that assures convergence without significantly affecting the membrane solution component. This approach has been previously validated on slightly overpressurized balloon envelopes. Extensions of this approach to more difficult problems in the structural analysis of balloon envelopes are presented. The convergence forcing modelling measures are discussed. Implications of the findings of the analysis results to future balloon designs are also discussed.
Utility of a step activity monitor for the measurement of daily ambulatory activity in children.

McDonald CM, Widman L, Abresch RT, Walsh SA, Walsh DD. Utility of a step activity monitor for the measurement of daily ambulatory activity in children. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:793-801. Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) as a reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing ambulatory activity in able- bodied children and to assess the ambulatory activity of able- bodied children. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: General community. Participants: Ninety-seven able-bodied children, aged 6 to 20 years. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Anthropometric parameters, cal- ibration of a step activity monitor to ensure accuracy, and 3 days of simultaneous heart rate and step activity monitoring. Results: The SAM had an accuracy of 99.87% compared with the observer-counted steps and was shown to be valid and reliable when compared with heart rate monitoring. The sub- jects in all age groups (6 -10y, 11-15y, 16 -20y) spent most of their active time at low step rate but took the fewest steps at this rate. Although the least amount of time was spent at high step rate, it accounted for the most steps. The 6- to 10-year-old group took more total steps per day than any of the other groups. Boys spent significantly more time at high step rate than girls in all age groups (mean for boys, 664min/d; girls, 474 min/d). Conclusions: The SAM is an accurate, valid, and useful tool for measuring continuous, time-based step activity during real-
Aerosol clearance by the bronchial circulation.

ABSTRACT The importance of the tracheobronchial circulation in supporting mucociliary clearance is unclear. In anesthetized, ventilated sheep (n = 8), mucociliary transport of 99mTc-labeled sulfur ...
Clinical and cytogenetic survey of 39 individuals with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome

In a clinical and cytogenetic survey of 39 individuals with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS) (23 males and 16 females ranging in age from 2 weeks to 39 years), an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15 (breakpoints q11 and q13) was identified in 21 cases and apparently normal chromosomes in the remainder. Studies of parental chromosome 15 variants showed that the del[15q] was paternal in origin, although chromosomes of both parents were normal. All chromosome deletions were de novo events. Possible causes for the chromosome deletion and the role of chromosome rearrangements in individuals with PLWS are discussed. Clinical characteristics of the deletion and nondeletion groups were recorded and compared with 124 individuals reported in the literature. Individuals with the chromosome deletion were found to have lighter hair, eye, and skin color, greater sun sensitivity, and higher intelligence scores than individuals with normal chromosomes. Correlation studies of metacarpophalangeal pattern profile variables and dermatoglyphic findings indicate apparent homogeneity of the deletion group and heterogeneity of individuals with PLWS and normal chromosomes.
Drought Index Mapping at Different Spatial Units

Abstract This paper investigates the influence of spatial interpolation and aggregation of data to depict drought at different spatial units relevant to and often required for drought management. Four different methods for drought index mapping were explored, and comparisons were made between two spatial operation methods (simple unweighted average versus spatial interpolation plus aggregation) and two calculation procedures (whether spatial operations are performed before or after the calculations of drought index values). Deterministic interpolation methods including Thiessen polygons, inverse distance weighted, and thin-plate splines as well as a stochastic and geostatistical interpolation method of ordinary kriging were compared for the two methods that use interpolation. The inverse distance weighted method was chosen based on the cross-validation error. After obtaining drought index values for different spatial units using each method in turn, differences in the empirical binned frequency distributi...
Limitation of Brillouin scattering in plasmas

It is shown that Brillouin scattering of intense laser light in plasmas can be limited by momentum and energy deposition as a result of reflection of the light. The calculations compare favorably with some recent experimental results. (AIP)
A multi-group structural equation model (SEM) examining asset holding effects on educational attainment by race and gender

Little is known about the processes through which parents' and children's wealth may influence children's math and reading scores. Even less is known about how these processes may vary across race and gender. In this study we analyze Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data using multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine wealth effects by gender (male/female) and race (white/black). Results suggest that there are important statistical differences across race and gender. For example, we find that children's school savings predict math scores among white children but not black children. Net worth is a positive predictor of black males' math scores but a negative predictor of black females'. In the case of income, we find that it is directly related to black females' math scores but not black males'. In general, findings suggest that liquid forms of wealth (i.e., forms of wealth that are easily converted into cash) may be better predictors of children's academic achievement than net worth.
Effects of Regitine (C-7337) in Patients, Particularly Those with Peripheral Arterial Vascular Disease

This is a study of the clinical effects of Regitine, a new antiadrenergic drug, the pharmacologic properties of which are similar to those of Priscoline. Thirty-four patients, whose diagnoses fall into the peripheral vascular disease group and into a miscellaneous group were first given thedrug intravenously and the responses were studied with skin temperature recordings in an attempt to predict the response to therapeutic administration of Regitine. The drug was then given orally for varying periods of time, with subjective and objective evidences of response, as well as side effects being noted. The results of these observations are set forth in the paper.
NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON THE CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM DUVAL.

The confused flour beetle ( Tribolium confusum ) was chosen for this study because it lives in a food which ordinarily contains no living organisms. The death rates are greater in cultures which are handled daily than in those which are not handled but when all are handled alike the results are comparable. The results from experiments with individual beetles in various kinds of flour were plotted with instars (larval stages) on the ordinate and time in days on the abscissa, using the results from control experiments in wheat flour to determine the length of the various instars from an " x = y " formula. The curves of development were found to be straight lines throughout all but the last instar. The curve for the last instar during which the larva transformed deviated from the straight line in certain foods, notably rice flour. When mass cultures were used the death and transformation curves were plotted for each synthetic food. A comparison of the curves from wheat flour and the synthetic foods shows that the first parts of the curves are very much alike in all cases and that a few resemble the control in every respect except that the transformation curve has been moved back for a considerable time. The death curves for the mass cultures are not smooth but show sudden increase in death at approximately the times of molting. These curves may therefore be compared with the records from individual beetles.
Ophthalmoplegia as an initial symptom of Burkitt's lymphoma in a child—A case report

Abstract A case of central nervous system Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as a unilateral ophthalmoplegia is presented. CT scanning accurately documents the intracranial lymphomatous mass before and after chemotherapy. Photography of the child's face enables the reader to correlate the ophthalmoplegia with the computerized tomography. A brief discussion and differential diagnoses for unilateral ophthalmoplegia in children is presented.
Intractable partial epilepsy: evaluation and treatment.

Partial (focal or localization-related) epilepsy is the most common seizure disorder encountered in patients with epilepsy. These seizures are focal at onset—that is, emanating from a localized region of the brain. Patients with partial epilepsy may have seizures that are refractory to antiepileptic drug medication. The financial burden for these patients includes the cost of medical care and often the loss of employment. Psychosocial deterioration may be progressive as long as the seizures are intractable. Management includes confirmation of the type (or types) of seizures, exclusion of an intracranial epileptogenic lesion, and use of appropriate antiepileptic drug therapy. Referral of affected patients to a comprehensive epilepsy center for possible surgical treatment and investigational drug studies should be considered. In the care of the patient with intractable partial epilepsy, the goals should be to render the patient free of seizures and to allow the patient to become a participating and productive member of society.
ISSUES MANAGEMENT IN STRATEGIC PLANNING

The concept of issues management is gaining the increasing attention of both researchers and practitioners in the field of strategic planning. Issues management—which is concerned with the identification, analysis, probability, and timing of a developing issue and with the organizational response—can spell the difference between the success and the failure of the planning effort. This paper delineates the attempt of a major public university to integrate issues management into the institutional strategic planning process. The intent is to make issues management an ongoing and systematic organizational exercise.
Rad9 protects cells from topoisomerase poison-induced cell death.

Previous studies have suggested two possible roles for Rad9 in mammalian cells subjected to replication stress or DNA damage. One model suggests that a Rad9-containing clamp is loaded onto damaged DNA, where it participates in Chk1 activation and subsequent events that contribute to cell survival. The other model suggests that Rad9 translocates to mitochondria, where it triggers apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. To further study the role of Rad9, parental and Rad9-/- murine embryonic stem (ES) cells were treated with camptothecin, etoposide, or cytarabine, all prototypic examples of three classes of widely used anticancer agents. All three agents induced Rad9 chromatin binding. Each of these agents also triggered S-phase checkpoint activation in parental ES cells, as indicated by a caffeine-inhibitable decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and Cdc25A down-regulation. Interestingly, the ability of cytarabine to activate the S-phase checkpoint was severely compromised in Rad9-/- cells, whereas activation of this checkpoint by camptothecin and etoposide was unaltered, suggesting that the action of cytarabine is readily distinguished from that of classical topoisomerase poisons. Nonetheless, Rad9 deletion sensitized ES cells to the cytotoxic effects of all three agents, as evidenced by enhanced apoptosis and diminished colony formation. Collectively, these results suggest that the predominant role of Rad9 in ES cells is to promote survival after replicative stress and topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage.
Displacement of carbon monoxide from placental cytochrome P-450 by steroids: antagonistic effects of androstenedione and 19-norandrostenedione.

Summary Displacement of bound carbon monoxide (CO) from NADPH- or NADHreduced human placental microsomal cytochrome P-450 by androstenedione was reversed by 19-norandrostenedione or 19-nortestosterone. Conversely, the capacity of the 19-norsteroids to augment the formation of the CO-cytochrome complex was antagonized by androstenedione. The effects produced by each of the steroids investigated were independent of the sequence of additions of reduced pyrioine nucleotides, steroids and CO, suggesting that the observed results were not due to effects on rates of enzymic reduction of cytochrome.
Motion planning for a rod-shaped robot in /spl Ropf//sup 3/: connecting the rod-HGVG using the point-HGVG

This work considers the motion planning for a rod-shaped robot in a three-dimensional space. Our approach is to construct a roadmap in the configuration space of the rod and use it to navigate and map unknown spaces. Previously, we defined the rod-HGVG, which is a roadmap for a rod-shaped robot operating in a three-dimensional space. However, the rod-HGVG is only guaranteed to be connected if the point-GVG is connected. This work extends the rod-HGVG into more general environments where the point-GVG may not be connected but the point-HGVG is connected. For this, we define new components, termed the higher-order edges for the rod-HGVG and linking strategies which are based on the point-HGVG. Just as there is a close relationship between the components of the point-GVG and the rod-HGVG, there is a close relationship between the components of the point-HGVG and the higher-order edges of the rod-HGVG. We provide the construction procedures for the higher-order edges, which, like the components of the rod-HGVG, can be constructed using only sensor-provided information.
The Ashgate Research Companion to Border Studies. Doris Wastl-Walter, ed. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2011. 705 pp., figs, maps, tables, names index, places index. $157.50 cloth (ISBN 9780754674061).

In the early 1990s, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the deepening of the European Union signaled a time of falling walls, opening borders, and a renewed appreciation for processes of border-tr...
Stability of the multiple reciprocity method for transient heat conduction

The multiple reciprocity method is based on using higher-order fundamental solutions to eliminate domain integrals encountered in transient boundary integral formulations. The paper considers the numerical stability of this approach through an eigenvalue decomposition of the system matrix. We demonstrate that the multiple reciprocity method for transient heat conduction is stable only for appropriately chosen time steps.
Minimal-disturbance topology reconfiguration in all-optical networks

All-optical networks can be dynamically reconfigured to adapt to changing traffic patterns. Many researchers, however, concentrate on reconfiguration of opto-electrical networks, as it is more practical at the present level of technology. This work presents an ad hoc algorithm that calculates transition from an existing configuration of an all-optical network to another, with minimal disturbance of the established connections. It analyzes the algorithms' wavelength usage efficiency and long-term stability, showing that such or similar algorithms can be used for practical purposes until some strict theoretical approaches can be found.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Migration Policy and Politics in the Receiving States.

This article explores the politics of migration policies in the receiving states. The author finds that "a survey of the politics of immigration in the major receiving states shows a strong pattern of restrictionism in the face of unprecedented pressures for entry but also amnesties exceptions on humanitarian grounds and hesitation to enforce the law. As individual states founder multilateral strategies abound but with scant success....Ironically the failure of states to deal with the crisis may reinforce national prerogatives and capacities with respect to immigration and strengthen rather than erode the distinction between economic migrants and refugees." (EXCERPT)
Do protease inhibitors contribute to low-birth-weight infants in HIV-seropositive gravidas?

Abstract Objective: HIV-seropositive gravidas, both treated and untreated, have a higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants (LBWIs) than do uninfected women. It is suggested that antiretroviral treatment, including protease inhibitors (PIs), contributes to a higher incidence of LBWI. We here report the effect of a PI on trophoblastic cell production of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P). Methods: In the absence and presence of a PI, nelfinavir, CCL-98 cells were incubated (1 million/10 mL) in ATCC medium #30-2004 with 10% fetal bovine serum for different periods. Estradiol (pg/mL) and progesterone (ng/mL) secreted into the medium were measured by radioimmunoassay kits. The sensitivity and intraassay and interassay precision of the assay were 0.6 pg/mL, 3.5% and 4.1% for E and 0.12 ng/mL, 6.9% and 12% for P, respectively. Results: Estradiol and progesterone secretion into the medium increased linearly for 3 days (E: 0 to 2,974 ± 135; P: 0 to 350 ± 21). Nelfinavir, at median therapeutic dose (5 mg/L) decreased the secretion of E and P by more than 60 ± 7% (E: 297 to 113 and P: 34 to 14) in 1 day. The effect of PI on the synthesis of E and P in the cells and response to different doses of drug are being studied. Conclusion: Nelfinavir decreased the secretion of E and P by trophoblastic cells in culture. The decrease could be caused by an inhibition of the synthesis and secretion of E and P or by an inhibition of the cell growth. The data suggest that the clinically observed increased incidence of LBWI might be caused by a drastic reduction in the amount of E and P secreted or by the inhibition of cell growth or both.
Understanding the Risky Business of Adolescence

Heightened sensitivity to emotional faces may contribute to less risk taking and susceptibility to peer influence in adolescents. A longitudinal study from Pfeifer et al. reveals a developmental increase in ventral striatum activity in early adolescence in response to emotional faces, which correlates with improved measures of resistance to peer influence and risky behavior.
A new bile acid transporter

Transport systems involved in uptake and biliary secretion of bile salts have been extensively studied in rat liver; however, little is known about these systems in the human liver. In this study, we investigated taurocholate (TC) transport in canalicular and basolateral plasma membrane vesicles isolated from 15 human livers (donor age 6–64 yr). ATP stimulated the uptake of TC into both canalicular and basolateral human liver plasma membrane vesicles (cLPM and bILPM, respectively). Considerable interindividual variations in the transport velocity were observed in the different membrane preparations used: 9.0 ± 1.3 (mean ± SEM, n = 17; range 1.6–18.0) and 9.3 ± 2.0 (range 1.1–29.8) pmol TC · protein−1 · min−1 at 1.0 μM TC for cLPM and bILPM, respectively. TC transport was temperature sensitive and showed saturation kinetics with a high affinity for TC (Km 4.2 ± 0.7 μM and 3.7 ± 0.5 μM for cLPM and bILPM, respectively). Transport was dependent on the ATP concentration and saturable (Km 0.25 ± 0.03 mM, n = 3). Neither nitrate, which reduces membrane potential, nor the protonophore FCCP strongly inhibited ATP-dependent TC transport, indicating that membrane potential and proton gradient are not involved in this process. TC transport was significantly inhibited by the classical anion transport inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (250 μM) and the glutathione conjugate S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (100 μM). In conclusion, high affinity ATP-dependent TC transport is present in human liver at both the canalicular and the basolateral sides of the hepatocyte.
Design of an Articulated Piston for Caterpillar® 3500 Engines Utilizing Computer-Aided Design and Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to describe the concept, design, and analysis of a two-piece articulated piston for the caterpillar 3500 diesel engine. Utilization of computer design and analysis enabled the piston to be optimized for structural capability, weight, and performance. Extensive analysis was performed on the steel upper structure. Models generated in two and three dimensions evaluated mechanical, thermal, and combined load cases. The result of this design and analysis is a piston that meets the engine's objectives and provides additional value to the engine product.
Catecholamine stress alters neutrophil trafficking and impairs wound healing by β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated upregulation of IL-6.

Stress-induced hormones can alter the inflammatory response to tissue injury; however, the precise mechanism by which epinephrine influences inflammatory response and wound healing is not well defined. Here we demonstrate that epinephrine alters the neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN))-dependent inflammatory response to a cutaneous wound. Using noninvasive real-time imaging of genetically tagged PMNs in a murine skin wound, chronic, epinephrine-mediated stress was modeled by sustained delivery of epinephrine. Prolonged systemic exposure of epinephrine resulted in persistent PMN trafficking to the wound site via an IL-6-mediated mechanism, and this in turn impaired wound repair. Further, we demonstrate that β2-adrenergic receptor–dependent activation of proinflammatory macrophages is critical for epinephrine-mediated IL-6 production. This study expands our current understanding of stress hormone–mediated impairment of wound healing and provides an important mechanistic link to explain how epinephrine stress exacerbates inflammation via increased number and lifetime of PMNs.
Study of 191Os by average resonance neutron capture: Fragmentation of Nilsson model strength☆

Abstract The 190Os(n, γ)191Os reaction was studied with the average resonance neutron capture technique at a neutron energy centered on 2 keV. Thermal capture data were also recorded. Primary transitions to states up to an excitation energy of ≈ 1700 keV were detected. From the average capture data it appears possible to distinguish E1 from M1 multipolarities and thereby to map out the 1 2 − , 3 2 − states in 191Os. By elimination, it is possible to treat the J π ≠ 1 2 − 3 2 − states as well, albeit with greater uncertainty. Combination of these results with existing data from the (d, p) reaction allows an extension of earlier treatments of the fragmentation of Nilsson strength in this mass region. Although other mechanisms may also suffice it is possible to qualitatively interpret the complex fragmentation systematics in terms of a simple model of large hexadecapole deformations varying in a reasonable manner.