cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD (MOLOTHRUS ATER) PARASITISM ON WARBLING VIREOS (VIREO GILVUS) IN SOUTHWEST COLORADO

Abstract From May through July, 1993–1998 and 2001, effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism on 36 Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) nests were documented in southwest Colorado. Overall parasitism was 75.0% and was the major source of nest failure. Among vireo nests that were not depredated, a significantly lower proportion of parasitized nests (10.2%) than nonparasitized nests (85.7%) fledged host young. Significantly fewer vireos hatched and fledged per nest and per egg in parasitized nests compared with nonparasitized nests. We observed no significant differences in mortality rates during the incubation stage between parasitized and nonparasitized nests. However, during the nestling stage, mortality rate was significantly higher in parasitized nests (0.17 nests lost per observation day) than nonparasitized nests (0.01 nests lost per observation day). Cowbirds almost always hatched 3 to 5 days before vireo nestlings. In two cases, vireo nestlings fledged from parasitized nests; in one nes...
Color Pattern on the Forewing of Micropterix (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae): Insights into the Evolution of Wing Pattern and Wing Venation in Moths

Wing patterns are key taxonomic characters that have long been used in descriptions of Lepidoptera; however, wing pattern homologies are not understood among different moth lineages. Here, we examine the relationship between wing venation and wing pattern in the genus Micropterix, among the most basal extant Lepidoptera, in order to evaluate the two existing predictive models that have the potential to establish wing pattern element homologies for the order. The location of wing pattern elements along the costal margin of the wing in Micropterix is consistent with the predictions of the model proposed for Tortricidae by Brown and Powell in 1991, later modified by Baixeras in 2002. The predictive power of this model for such distantly related taxa suggests that the model may hold across various superfamilies within Lepidoptera, and supports the long-held notion that fasciae, not spots, are the most likely primitive wing pattern elements for the order. In addition, the location of wing pattern elements suggests that the wing vein commonly termed Sc1 may in fact be a different vein, which Comstock identified in Trichoptera and referred to as “a.”
Evaluation of ACL TOP coagulation analytical system in the laboratory of children′s hospital

Objective To evaluate the performance of ACL TOP coagulation analyzer system in the laboratory of children′ s hospital. Methods According to the documents of CLSI, the analytic characteristics including precision, accuracy, linearity, interference and carryover rate were examined; specimens from healthy children were collected and assayed to determine the reference range of Prothrombin Time(PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time(APTT), Thrombin Time(TT), Fibrinogen(FIB) and D-Dimer(D-D) from children on ACL TOP. Results The within-run and between-day coefficient of variability(CV) were within an acceptable range; The accuracy deviation of PT, APTT and FIB were less than 1/2 allowed total errors; The results of determination of FIB linearity test were correlated with the results of calculation: Y=1.0021X-0.122, R2=0.9982; The extent of influence of low to middle grade of jaundice, fat and hemolysis on each test were all less than 1/2 allowed total error; The carryover rates were lower than 1.81% and within an acceptable range; The reference range of PT, APTT, TT and FIB were PT(9.1-13.1s), APTT(24.9-42.1s), TT(12.6-21.1s), FIB(1.924-4.011g/L). Conclusion The ACL TOP coagulation analyzer has good repeatability, stability, linearity and capability of anti-interference and anti-carryover.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Mass-Mediated Health Campaigns Through Meta-Analysis

A meta-analytic review was undertaken to examine the effects of mass communication campaigns on changes in behavior, knowledge, and self-efficacy in the general public. A review of the academic literature was undertaken and identified 1,638 articles from 1966 through 2012. Using strict inclusion criteria, we included 63 studies for coding and analyses. Results from these efforts indicated that campaigns produced positive effects in behavior change (r = .05, k = 61) and knowledge (r = .10, k = 26) but failed to produce significant increases in self-efficacy (r = .02, k = 14). Several moderators (e.g., health topic, the theory underlying the campaign) were examined in relation to campaign principles that are prescribed to increase campaign effects. The major findings are reviewed, and the implications for future campaign design are discussed.
Does emergency physician empathy reduce thoughts of litigation? A randomised trial

Background We hypothesised the addition of brief empathetic statements to physician–patient interaction might decrease thoughts regarding litigation. Methods We enrolled a convenience sample of adults in our emergency department (ED) waiting room into a randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Subjects watched videos of simulated discharge conversations between physicians and patient actors; half of the videos differed only by the inclusion of two brief empathetic statements: verbalisations that (1) the physician recognises that the patient is concerned about their symptoms and (2) the patient knows their typical state of health better than a physician seeing them for the first time and did the right thing by seeking evaluation. After watching the video subjects were asked to score a five-point Likert scale their thoughts regarding suing this physician in the event of a missed outcome leading to lost work (primary outcome), and four measures of satisfaction with the physician encounter (secondary outcomes). Results We enrolled and randomised 437 subjects. 213 in the empathy group and 208 in the non-empathy group completed the trial. Sixteen subjects did not complete the trial due to computer malfunction or incomplete data sheets. Empathy group subjects reported statistically significant less thoughts of litigation than the non-empathy group (mean Likert scale 2.66 vs 2.95, difference −0.29, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.54, p=0.0176). All four secondary measures of satisfaction with the physician encounter were better in the empathy group. Conclusions In this study, the addition of brief empathetic statements to ED discharge scenarios was associated with a statistically significant reduction in thoughts regarding litigation. Clinical trial registration NCT01837706.
Mexican Americans and Cities: A Study in Migration and the Use of Formal Resources

The paper explores the circumstances under which Los Angeles Mexican American men turn to formal or informal, Mexican or nonMexican resources. Formal sources are most likely to be utilized for advice or help in dealing with the city government, second with regard to money problems, third with regard to politics, and least likely for personal prob? lems. Formalization of resources is associated with length of residence in the city, but birthplace shows a different pattern. The data do not support the theoretical notion that urbanization is associated with abandonment
Multidisciplinary management of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains a vexing treatment challenge, with a cure rate that remains just 7%. Two effective regimens--gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX--have improved outcomes and are being used earlier in the disease. However, meaningful differences in outcomes may not be realized without novel strategies. Targeting of the immune system is an active area of research.
Use of Osmotic Pumps to Establish the Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship and Define Desirable Human Performance Characteristics for Aggrecanase Inhibitors

The development of reliable relationships between in vivo target engagement, pharmacodynamic activity, and efficacy in chronic disease models is beneficial for enabling hypothesis-driven drug discovery and facilitating the development of patient-focused candidate selection criteria. Toward those ends, osmotic infusion pumps can be useful for overcoming limitations in the PK properties of proof-of-concept (POC) compounds to accelerate the development of such relationships. In this report, we describe the application of this strategy to the development of hydantoin-derived aggrecanase inhibitors (eg, 3) for the treatment of osteoarthiritis (OA). Potent, selective inhibitors were efficacious in both chemical and surgical models of OA when exposures were sustained in excess of 10 times the plasma IC50. The use of these data for establishing patient-focused candidate selection criteria is exemplified with the characterization of compound 8, which is projected to sustain the desired level of target engagement at a dose of 45 mg qd.
MHC polymorphism in rodent plantaris muscle: effects of mechanical overload and hypothyroidism.

In a previous study, it was shown that a combined treatment of hyperthyroidism and hindlimb suspension effectively converted the slow-twitch soleus muscle to a fast-twitch muscle. The objective of ...
Calcium Uptake in Crude Tissue Preparation

The various isoforms of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) are responsible for the Ca2+ uptake from the cytosol into the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). In some tissues, the activity of SERCA can be modulated by binding partners, such as phospholamban and sarcolipin. The activity of SERCA can be characterized by its apparent affinity for Ca2+ as well as maximal enzymatic velocity. Both parameters can be effectively determined by the protocol described here. Specifically, we describe the measurement of the rate of oxalate-facilitated 45Ca uptake into the SR of crude mouse ventricular homogenates. This protocol can easily be adapted for different tissues and animal models as well as cultured cells.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: A lesion that may be confused with cancer on prostatic ultrasound

AbstractMost prostatic adenocarcinomas reveal a hypoechoic peripheral zone lesion on transrectal ultrasonography. Numerous benign processes can have similar transrectal ultrasound findings. We report 8 cases of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsies of peripheral zone hypoechoic lesions that demonstrated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a presumed premalignant lesion. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against cytokeratins 5 and 14 was performed to exclude carcinoma. Of the men 2 had invasive carcinoma on repeat biopsy and 1 had carcinoma diagnosed on subsequent transurethral resection. Patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on biopsy of hypoechoic peripheral zone lesions merit careful monitoring.
Optimality of thermal expansion bounds in three dimensions

Abstract In this short note, we use topology optimization to design multi-phase isotropic three-dimensional composite materials with extremal combinations of isotropic thermal expansion and bulk modulus. In so doing, we provide evidence that the theoretical bounds for this combination of material properties are optimal. This has been shown in two dimensions, but not heretofore in three dimensions. We also show that restricting the design space by enforcing material symmetry by construction does not prevent one from obtaining extremal designs.
Tapping tacit knowledge

This chapter explores the concept of ‘tacit knowledge’ and how organizations can foster the sharing and exchange of tacit knowledge. Various views of tacit knowledge are discussed and a framework is developed distinguishing different conceptualizations of knowledge and how different types of knowledge are acquired, held in memory, and manifested. An understanding of these distinctions can aid in determining the best approach for transferring tacit knowledge and skills at the individual and organizational levels. Finally, I review various tacit knowledge transfer approaches based on the distinctions identified in the framework and discuss their suitability for different aspects of tacit knowledge transfer.
Review of Soil Physics with Python: Transport in the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere

Marco Bittelli, Gaylon S. Campbell, and Fausto Tomei. Oxford University Press, 2015. 449 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0199683093. $98.50. At the time Gaylon Campbell published Soil physics with BASIC , in 1985, the soil physics community in the United States was still divided on whether the teaching of soil
Pulmonary Embolism in Cancer Patients Is Associated with Lower Severity of Illness and Lower Mortality Rates with Increasing Use of CT Scans.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer (CA). However, predicting which CA patients will develop PE is not possible and thromboprophylaxis is infrequently used. In order to define the incidence and clinical characteristics of CA patients with PE, we analyzed discharge data from all patients with PE collected by the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4) from 1997–2001. The analyses included all PE discharges with ICD-9 codes 415.11 and 415.19, excluding pregnant patients and all second or later PE admissions. Cancer diagnoses were enumerated by ICD-9 codes 140–239 and diagnostic procedures by revenue codes for computerized tomographic (CT) (including spiral CT) scans. Of 33,036 PE patients identified in this period, one-quarter had cancer, among whom PE incidence increased marginally, from 1,589 (24.0%) in 1997 to 2,262 (25.4%) in 2001, p = 0.072. CA patients were more likely to be Caucasian, OR 1.22, p<0.001, greater than 70 years of age, OR 1.16, p<0.001, and male, OR 1.19, p<0.001. CA of the lung was the most common CA type associated with PE, 1150 (17.7%), followed by CA of the digestive tract, 1150 (17.4%); genitourinary tract, 832 (12.6%); and lymphatic/hematopoetic tissues, 771 (11.7%). CT scans were performed with increasing frequency in CA PE patients, from 27.7% in 1997 to 50.0% in 2001, p < 0.001, and more frequently in Caucasians than in blacks, OR =1.61, p<0.001, and in those 70 years or younger, OR =1.91, p<0.001. At the same time, MediQual Atlas severity of illness scores decreased over time, from a mean 2.6 in 1997 to 2.3 in 2001, p<0.001, with a significant decrease in the two higher categories, 65.8% vs. 38.1%, and an increase in the three lowest categories, 34.2% to 61.9%, p<0.001. CA patients were less likely than non-CA patients to have other risk factors for PE, i.e. trauma, 3.7% vs. 8.1%, p< 0.001, or congestive heart failure, 12.9% vs. 20.8%, p<0.001. Although CA patients had higher mortality rates than non-CA PE patients, OR 1.86, p<0.001, these rates decreased from 23.3% in 1997 to 18.6% in 2001, p<0.001. In conclusion, patients with cancer account for one fourth of all PE, and they are typically elderly Caucasian males with cancer of the lung or digestive tract. The increasing use of CT scans in this group is associated with lower severity of illness scores and decreasing mortality rates, which suggest PE may be diagnosed earlier. Consideration of early thromboprophylaxis among CA patients at risk for PE may improve health outcomes.
Performance comparison of five phase and three phase induction machines under steady state including losses and saturation

The paper addresses a comparison between the performance of a five phase and a three phase prototype induction machine under steady state. The main aspects included in the comparison are: torque capability, efficiency, power factor, losses and active volume. An analytical model for steady state including losses and saturation is also presented; the model also considers the effect of the third harmonic airgap induction, which in the case of five phase machine can be used to reshape the airgap induction and increase the torque capability. The comparison is based on the data of two prototypes having the same frame size and about the same volume of conducting material and iron. The performance comparison shows that some advantages of high phase machines are in fact limited by losses and demand a specific design to be effectively achieved.
Dressed Atom Fields and Dressed States in Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics

The fully quantized problem of a dipole atom coupled to transverse electric fields is solved for both simple harmonic and two-level atoms in a general lossless electromagnetic environment. The method employed is a direct factorization of the Hamiltonian in terms of coupled excitations of atom and fields. Time evolution of the system is considered with emphasis on the effect of an atom-photon bound state. The rectangular waveguide is used as an example to illustrate the predicted behavior.
Cholestatic liver disease

Chapter 1 Diagnosis of Cholestasis Andrea A. Gossard Chapter 2 Drug-Induced Cholestasis Einar S. Bjornsson Chapter 3 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Marina G. Silveira Chapter 4 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Meredith Borman and Bertus Eksteen Chapter 5 IgG4 Related Cholangitis Said Al Mamari, Emma L. Culver, Roger W. Chapman Chapter 6 Rare Causes of Cholestasis Tamir Miloh and Ozlem Pinar Bulut Chapter 7 Cholestatic Variants of Viral Disease and Alcohol Mary A. Atia and Bashar Aqel Chapter 8 Cholestasis Related to Systemic Disorders Anitha Yadav and Elizabeth J. Carey Chapter 9 Complications of Cholestasis Abrar Ahmed and Marlyn J. Mayo Chapter 10 Cholestasis Post Liver Transplantation Denise M. Harnois and Kymberly D. S. Watt Chapter 11 Cholestasis in the Hospitalized Patient Anne M. Larson Chapter 12 Endoscopic Management of Biliary Obstruction James H. Tabibian and Todd H. Baron.
Where's the beef? Retail channel choice and beef preferences in Argentina

Abstract Argentinean beef is recognized and demanded internationally. Locally, consumers are often unable to afford certified beef products, and may rely on external cues to determine beef quality. Uncovering demand for beef attributes and marketing them accordingly, may require an understanding of consumers' product purchasing strategies, which involves retailer choice. We develop a framework utilizing latent class analysis to identify consumer groups with different retailer preferences, and separately estimate their demand for beef product attributes. This framework accounts for the interrelationship between consumers' choice of retail outlets and beef product preferences. Our analysis of data from the city of Buenos Aires identifies two groups of consumers, a convenience- (67%) and a service- (33%) oriented group. We find significant differences in demand for beef attributes across these groups, and find that the service oriented group, while not willing to pay for credence attributes, relies on a service-providing retailer—namely a butcher—as a source of product quality assurance.
A Diet Low in Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharides and Polyols Improves Quality of Life and Reduces Activity Impairment in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Diarrhea

Background & Aims We investigated the effects of a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) vs traditional dietary recommendations on health-related quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression, work productivity, and sleep quality in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea (IBS-D). Methods We conducted a prospective, single-center, single-blind trial of 92 adult patients with IBS-D (65 women; median age, 42.6 years) randomly assigned to groups placed on a diet low in FODMAPs or a modified diet recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (mNICE) for 4 weeks. IBS-associated QOL (IBS-QOL), psychosocial distress (based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), work productivity (based on the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment), and sleep quality were assessed before and after diet periods. Results Eighty-four patients completed the study (45 in the low-FODMAP group and 39 in the mNICE group). At 4 weeks, patients on the diet low in FODMAPs had a larger mean increase in IBS-QOL score than did patients on the mNICE diet (15.0 vs 5.0; 95% CI, –17.4 to –4.3). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the low-FODMAP diet group had a meaningful clinical response, based on IBS-QOL score, than in the mNICE group (52% vs 21%; 95% CI, –0.52 to –0.08). Anxiety scores decreased in the low-FODMAP diet group compared with the mNICE group (95% CI, 0.46–2.80). Activity impairment was significantly reduced with the low-FODMAP diet (–22.89) compared with the mNICE diet (–9.44; 95% CI, 2.72–24.20). Conclusions In a randomized, controlled trial, a diet low in FODMAPs led to significantly greater improvements in health-related QOL, anxiety, and activity impairment compared with a diet based on traditional recommendations for patients with IBS-D. ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01624610.
Integrative review of qualitative research on the emotional experience of bullying victimization in youth

The emotional experience of bullying victimization in youths has been documented primarily using quantitative methods; however, qualitative methods may be better suited to examine the experience. An integrative review of the qualitative method studies addressing the emotional experience of bullying victimization was conducted. From MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Education Information Resource Center, and PsycINFO, 14 English-language, peer-reviewed, qualitative studies were reviewed. Applying the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, the quality of the studies was deemed sufficient. The range of emotional experiences reported included sadness, decreased self-esteem, embarrassment, fear, suicidal thinking, anger, feeling hurt, loneliness, powerlessness, helplessness, and confusion. Overall, these results were similar to those obtained from quantitative method studies, apart from the feeling of embarrassment. This integrative review confirmed and expanded the knowledge of emotional experiences of bullying victimization.
Rise Again Digitally: Musical Revivals and Digital Dramaturgy on Broadway

Dramaturgs frequently function as educators and provide information that will familiarize theatregoers with the historical moment that a play depicts as well as the historical moment from which it emerged. While the presentation of dramaturgical research is often a rarity on Broadway, this chapter reviews how two producing organizations have demonstrated a commitment to education and digital culture by sharing their dramaturgical content by way of the Internet. Roundabout Theatre Company and Lincoln Center Theater maintain online blogs that present dramaturgy through online essays, hyperlinks, streaming videos, and podcasts. These blogs offer new insight into how theatre companies engage with audiences in the digital age and the manner in which dramaturgy aids in the project of reviving musicals of the past for present day theatregoers.
Treatment of Progressive Herpes Zoster-Induced Vasculopathy with Surgical Revascularization: Effects on Cerebral Hemodynamics.

Background Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is caused by reactivation of the herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal nerve. HZO-initiated cerebral vasculopathy is well characterized; however, there are no documented cases that report the efficacy of surgical revascularization for improving cerebral hemodynamics following progressive HZO-induced vasculopathy. We present a case in which quantitative anatomic and hemodynamic imaging were performed longitudinally before and after surgical revascularization in a patient with HZO and vasculopathic changes. Case Description A 57-year-old female with history of right-sided HZO presented with left-sided hemiparesis and dysarthria and multiple acute infarcts. Angiography performed serially over a 2-month duration revealed progressive middle cerebral artery stenosis, development of new moyamoya-like lenticulostriate collaterals, and evidence of fibromuscular dysplasia in cervical portions of the internal carotid artery. Hemodynamic imaging revealed right hemisphere decreased blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve capacity. In addition to medical therapy, right-sided surgical revascularization was performed with the intent to reestablish blood flow. Follow-up imaging 13 months post revascularization demonstrated improved blood flow and vascular reserve capacity in the operative hemisphere, which paralleled symptom resolution. Conclusions HZO can lead to progressive, symptomatic intracranial stenoses. This report suggests that surgical revascularization techniques can improve cerebral hemodynamics and symptomatology in patients with aggressive disease when medical management is unsuccessful; similar procedures could be considered in managing HZO patients with advanced or progressive vasculopathy.
Active Defense Techniques

In the previous chapter, we were introduced to active defense among numerous other approaches. Now is a good time we explore active defense techniques in detail. These are automated- and human-directed activities that attempt to thwart cyberattacks by increasing the diversity, complexity, or variability of the systems and networks. These limit the attacker’s ability to gather intelligence or reduce the usable life-span of the intelligence. Other approaches focus on gathering intelligence on the attackers, either by attracting attackers to instrumented honeypots or by patrolling the systems and networks to hunt for attackers. The intelligence gathering approaches rely upon cybersecurity personnel using semiautomated techniques to respond and repel attackers. Widely available commercial solutions for active defense so far are lacking. Although general purpose products may emerge, meanwhile organizations need to tailor their applications for available solutions or develop their own customized active defense. A successfully architected system or application should include passive defenses, which add protection without requiring human interaction, as well as active defenses.
Virtual Games and Career Exploration

The US National Science Foundation (NSF) estimates the shortage of those entering the engineering field will reach over 70,000 this year. Given the shortage of engineers and scientists entering the STEM fields, efforts must be made to encourage students to seek these careers during the early years of middle school and high school. In a recent survey conducted by the American Society for Quality (ASQ, 2009), it was found that“both male and female students are not interested in the field of engineering because they don’t know much about it (44 percent); they think they would prefer a more exciting career (30 percent); and they don’t feel confident enough in their math and science skills (21 percent).”(Weinstein, 2009,“Are Parent Attitudes Keeping Girls from Science Success?”, para. 3).
Multimode stellar pulsations

We apply the two time method to weakly anharmonic (nonlinear) stellar pulsations. The problem contains two small parameters: e-the ratio of the dynamical and the thermal timescale and μ-the measure of the anharmonicity in the oscillator equation. The 0(ɛ0) system is solved up to 0(μ) by the use of an asymptotic perturbation method. This solution is then used within the framework of the two time method to obtain the slow evolution of the amplitudes and entropy. Both monomode and double-mode pulsations are treated in a non-resonance case.
Numerical analysis of flow and conjugate heat transfer for supercritical CO2 and liquid sodium in square microchannels

Abstract A numerical analysis of the developing laminar flow and conjugate heat transfer in a rectangular micro-channel was performed for supercritical CO2 and liquid sodium as working fluids for better understanding of the flow and heat transfer mechanisms. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes, energy, and Laplace equations describing simultaneously developing flow and conjugate heat transfer in multiple micro-channels were solved numerically using Fluent code for the parallel- and counter-flow arrangements. The physical and transport properties of CO2 at supercritical conditions and their influence on fluid flow and heat transfer are presented and discussed. Liquid sodium and supercritical CO2 (sCO2) were used as the heat transfer and hot and cold working fluids, respectively. The values of friction coefficient and Nusselt number predicted by the numerical analysis were compared to the analytical solutions from the literature. Numerical results show that large variations in sCO2 properties in the critical and pseudo-critical regions affect the flow and heat transfer. This effect diminishes for operating conditions (pressure and temperature) further away from the Critical Point. Also, in the fully-developed region the local values of wall shear stress and heat transfer coefficient are not constant, but are strong functions of the local heat flux at the solid-fluid interface which varies due to large variation in sCO2 properties.
Sparse Deconvolution of Electrodermal Activity via Continuous-Time System Identification

Objective: Electrodermal activity (EDA) indicates different eccrine sweat gland activity caused by the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system. Recovering the number, timings, and amplitudes of underlying neural stimuli and physiological system parameters from the EDA is a challenging problem. One of the challenges with the existing methods is the non-convexity of the optimization formulations for estimating the parameters given the stimuli. Methods: We solve this parameter estimation problem using the following continuous-time system identification framework: 1) we specifically use the Hartley modulating function (HMF) for parameter estimation so that the optimization formulation for estimating the parameters given the stimuli is convex; and 2) we use Kaiser windows with different shape parameters to put more emphasis on the significant spectral components so that there is a balance between filtering out the noise and capturing the data. We apply this algorithm to skin conductance (SC) data, a measure of EDA, collected during cognitive stress experiments. Results: Under a sparsity constraint, in the HMF domain, we successfully deconvolve the SC signal. We obtain number, timings, and amplitudes of the underlying neural stimuli along with the system parameters with $R^2$ above 0.915. Moreover, using simulated data, we illustrate that our approach outperforms the existing EDA data analysis methods, in recovering underlying stimuli. Conclusion: We develop a novel approach for deconvolution of SC by employing the HMF method and capturing the significant spectral components of SC data. Significance: Recovering the underlying neural stimuli more accurately using this approach will potentially improve tracking emotional states in affective computing.
"We're Supposed to Look Like Girls, But Act Like Boys": Adolescent Girls' Adherence to Masculinity Norms.

In the ecological systems perspective, gender ideologies are part of the macrosystem that shapes human development. A growing literature indicates that youth accommodate and resist such ideologies, with adherence to masculinity norms being linked with negative adjustment. Most masculinity research focuses on boys' adherence to masculinity, but girls are also pressured to uphold masculinity norms. Using mixed modeling, we examined girls' adherence to masculinity and psychological (self-esteem, depressive symptoms) and social (peer support and conflict) well-being in the United States (N = 407; Mage = 12.28) and China (N = 356; Mage = 12.41). In both countries, adherence to masculinity was negatively associated with psychosocial well-being. Chinese girls reported greater masculinity adherence, but associations with psychosocial well-being were not moderated by nationality.
Examining the role of precision medicine with oral baclofen in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy

Despite its widespread use, oral baclofen requires a critical review of the pharmacology to determine potential precision medicine applications to improve medication administration. Discussing the dose→exposure→response relationship of oral baclofen allows a conceptual framework in which designing clinical trials would become more successful. This paper seeks to examine some of the areas where variability in exposures can exist and lead to undesired clinical responses. Several factors are at play to implement precision medicine with oral baclofen in the pediatric patient with cerebral palsy. Variations in intestinal absorption, oral baclofen clearance, pharmacogenomic variants, and distribution of this medication into the cerebrospinal fluid cause differences in the amount of baclofen available at the GABA-B receptor site, causing a clinical response. Oral baclofen has significant variability in disposition and clinical response. Research to determine the causes for this variability and controlling for these factors would allow improvement in clinical outcomes.
Cooperative size sorting of deformable particles in porous media

Diverse applications—ranging from enhanced oil recovery, filtration, and lab on a chip sorting—rely on the flow-induced transport of deformable particles in porous media. However, how fluid flow can force such particles to squeeze through pore constrictions of complex geometries is poorly understood. Here, we study the transport of model deformable particles in millifluidic porous media with constrictions of tunable aspect ratio. We find that multiple particles can unexpectedly squeeze through large-aspect ratio constrictions, even when isolated particles cannot. This phenomenon arises from pairwise flow-mediated interactions between the particles: when one particle is trapped at a constriction, the increased fluid flow around it enables a second to squeeze past due to locally increased hydrodynamic stresses. This cooperative mechanism causes the particles to ultimately sort themselves by size through the pore space. By revealing a new mode of deformable particle transport in porous media, our work helps to inform real-world applications and provides a straightforward way to sort particles based on size.
Hormone receptor expression of colorectal cancer diagnosed during the peri-partum period.

Background Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) during the peri-partum period is challenging to diagnose due to the overlapping symptoms of CRC and pregnancy. This is the first case series to investigate clinicopathologic, hormonal and molecular features of CRC diagnosed during the peri-partum period. We hypothesized that advanced presentations of CRC could possibly be mitigated by pregnancy-related hormonal factors. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of five women diagnosed with CRC during the peri-partum period and studied the clinical and molecular features of their cancer. Results All patients presented with stage IV CRC at diagnosis; three had primary tumors in the rectum and two had primary tumors in the sigmoid colon. The liver was the most common metastatic site (three of five women). Immunohistochemistry stains were negative for estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), and one tumor demonstrated low-level positivity for PR (1%). Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies from each case were tested with next-generation sequencing and found that all tumors were mismatch repair (MMR) proficient, and three harbored a KRAS mutation. Germline testing showed no predisposition to CRC; however, several somatic variants of undetermined significance (VUS) were identified. Discussion CRC in the peri-partum period poses significant risk factors for presentations with advanced disease due to diagnostic challenges. While our study provides no evidence that pathogenesis of CRC during pregnancy is driven by elevated estrogen and/or progesterone levels during pregnancy, additional putative etiologic factors, including placental growth factors, the immunosuppressive state of pregnancy and other physiologic processes during pregnancy, warrant future study.
In vivo attachment site to attachment site length and strain of the ACL and its bundles during the full gait cycle measured by MRI and high-speed biplanar radiography

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure in vivo attachment site to attachment site lengths and strains of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and its bundles throughout a full cycle of treadmill gait. To obtain these measurements, models of the femur, tibia, and associated ACL attachment sites were created from magnetic resonance (MR) images in 10 healthy subjects. ACL attachment sites were subdivided into anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles. High-speed biplanar radiographs were obtained as subjects ambulated at 1 m/s. The bone models were registered to the radiographs, thereby reproducing the in vivo positions of the bones and ACL attachment sites throughout gait. The lengths of the ACL and both bundles were estimated as straight line distances between attachment sites for each knee position. Increased attachment to attachment ACL length and strain were observed during midstance (length = 28.5 ± 2.6 mm, strain = 5 ± 4%, mean ± standard deviation), and heel strike (length = 30.5 ± 3.0 mm, strain = 12 ± 5%) when the knee was positioned at low flexion angles. Significant inverse correlations were observed between mean attachment to attachment ACL lengths and flexion (rho = −0.87, p
Neurologic outcomes of the premature lamb in an extrauterine environment for neonatal development.

Abstract Background/Purpose Neurologic injury remains the most important morbidity of prematurity. Those born at the earliest gestational ages can face a lifetime of major disability. Perinatal insults result in developmental delay, cerebral palsy, and other profound permanent neurologic impairments. The EXTracorporeal Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) aims to transition premature neonates through this sensitive period, but it's impact on neurologic development requires analysis. Methods Fetal sheep were maintained in a fluid-filled environment for up to 28 days. Physiologic parameters were measured continuously; tissues were subsequently fixed and preserved for myelin quantification, glial cell staining, and structural assessment via magnetic resonance. Surviving animals were functionally assessed. Results No evidence of fetal brain ischemia or white matter tract injury associated with the EXTEND system was detected, and the degree of myelination was regionally appropriate and consistent with age matched controls. No evidence of neurologic injury or immaturity was visible on magnetic resonance; animals that transitioned from the system had no persistent neurologic deficits. Conclusions No evidence of major neurologic morbidity was found in animals supported on the EXTEND system, though more work needs to be done in order to verify its safety during critical periods of neurologic development.
An exploration of targeted provenance for reliability

Recent advances show that system-wide provenance gathering can be performed with reasonable overhead. In addition, generative dependencies have been used to recover files for non-reliability purposes. We pose the following research question: Can provenance be used to regenerate lost files in the event of storage failures to improve reliability? We have designed, prototyped, and assessed the feasibility of the Legend file system, which exploits targeted provenance to regenerate lost files in order to improve reliability. Under a number of workloads, we have observed Legend when combined with 2-way replication can outperform or match 3-way replication. The regeneration rate exceeds the throttled recovery bandwidth for common RAIDs.
Sensing Affect to Empower Students: Learner Perspectives on Affect-Sensitive Technology in Large Educational Contexts

Large-scale educational settings have been common domains for affect detection and recognition research. Most research emphasizes improvements in the accuracy of affect measurement to enhance instructors' efficiency in managing large numbers of students. However, these technologies are not designed from students' perspectives, nor designed for students' own usage. To identify the unique design considerations for affect sensors that consider student capacities and challenges, and explore the potential of affect sensors to support students' self-learning, we conducted semi-structured interviews and surveys with both online students and on-campus students enrolled in large in-person classes. Drawing on these studies we: (a) propose using affect data to support students' self-regulated learning behaviors through a "scaling for empowerment'' design perspective, (b) identify design guidelines to mitigate students' concerns regarding the use of affect data at scale, (c) provide design recommendations for the physical design of affect sensors for large educational settings.
Environmental abiotic and biotic factors affecting the distribution and abundance of Naegleria fowleri.

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protozoan that resides in soil and freshwater. Human intranasal amoebae exposure through water or potentially dust particles can culminate in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which generally causes death. While many questions remain regarding pathogenesis, the microbial ecology of N. fowleri is even less understood. This review outlines current knowledge of the environmental abiotic and biotic factors that affect the distribution and abundance of N. fowleri. Although the impacts of some abiotic factors remain poorly investigated or inconclusive, N. fowleri appears to have a wide pH range, low salinity tolerance and thermophilic preference. From what is known about biotic factors, the amoebae preferentially feed upon bacteria and are preyed upon by other free-living amoebae. Additional laboratory and environmental studies are needed to fill in knowledge gaps, which are crucial for surveillance and management of N. fowleri in freshwaters. As surface water temperatures increase with climate change, it is likely that this amoeba will pose a greater threat to human health, suggesting that identifying its abiotic and biotic preferences is critical to mitigating this risk.
Non-adiabatic Helioseismology via 3D Convection Simulations

Eigen-functions of p-modes have been extracted from a 3D simulation of a deep convective solar atmosphere. The part of the eigen-functions that are out of phase with respect to the density wave, is fitted to an analytical expression in depth and frequency and then applied to a non-adiabatic oscillation calculation. The resulting damping widths and frequency shifts are compared with helioseismic observations.
Peace-of-Mind Consequences of Law: A Proposed Definition and Examples

To apply therapeutic jurisprudence principles is to examine whether laws, procedures, or legal actors enhance or detract from the mental well-being of those affected by them (i.e., are therapeutic or anti-therapeutic). In this piece, the co-authors propose recognition of peace-of-mind laws as those whose very presence brings a long-term therapeutic effect on quality of life for those impacted by them, while their absence elicits a negative impact. They suggest defining a peace-of-mind law as one (a) whose absence creates constant worry and concern (b) over the long-term (c) for the quality of life (d) of defined groups of people. The presence of the peace-of-mind law (a) reduces stress and (b) improves quality of life (c) which brings about peace of mind. Examples in the United States, the co-authors suggest, include aid-in-dying laws, expansion of health care coverage under the Affordable Care Act, long-term-care coverage under the short-lived Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Act, and the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act’s assurances that employers and insurers cannot discriminate on the basis of one’s genetic makeup.
Addressing socio-ecological issues in marketing: environmental, social and governance (ESG)

This commentary addresses the Social and Ecological Thought (SET) framework based on virtue ethics (Dyck & Manchanda, in AMS Review, 2021). The basis of this framework is to replace utilitarian values that focus on profit maximization. The Financial Bottom Line (FBL) is believed to be a mainstream utilitarian philosophy. In addition, the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is considered inadequate to address socio-ecological issues because there is a major focus on financial performance. After addressing some of the limitations in the SET framework, the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) framework is presented as a more relevant alternative. ESG provides a lens for creating priorities for socio-ecological comparative performance based on industry, investors’ and peer index scores. There is a strong correlation between ESG performance and profits. Compelling evidence is provided that suggests there is no conflict between socio-ecological responsibility and financial success.
Uterine Fibroids: Assessing Unmet Needs from Bench to Bedside.

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are noncancerous growths that can have deleterious effects on the health and quality of life for millions of women. Attempts to better understand the factors that infl...
High-Strength Bolts Subjected to Tension and Shear

This study was aimed at defining the strength and behavior characteristics of single, high-strength structural bolts under static loadings of tension and shear. A total of 115 bolts were tested and the results were analyzed with consideration being given to such factors as location of the shear plane of loading, proportion of tension and shear loads, length of grip, bolt type and diameter, and type of material bolted. The results were compared with design equations now (1965) used in the United States.
Sphingomonas paucimobilis infections in children: 24 case reports.

Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a causative agent of infection in immunocompromised patients, and healthcare-associated infection. Although the infections associated with S.paucimobilis occurs rarely, it has been encountered with increasing frequency in clinical settings. In the current study we reported clinical features of the children with S.paucimobilis infection, and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolated strains among the patients. This study was conducted in Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Turkey, during the period of January 2005 and December 2012. The medical records of pediatric patients with positive cultures for S.paucimobilis were reviewed. Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolates were recovered from 24 pediatric patients. The median age was 4 years (ranging from 3 days infant to 15 years) and 58,3% were male. Eight (33,3%) of the patients were under 1 months of age. Among the patients; 13 (54,2%) infections were community related however 11(45.8%) infections were nosocomial infection. The median duration of hospital stay was 7 days (ranging from 4 to 22 days). The most effective antibiotics were fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This is the first largest study in children to evaluate the clinical features of S. paucimobilis infections. Sphingomonas paucimobilis may cause infections in both previously healthy and immunocompromised children. Although variable antimicrobial regimens were achieved to the patients, there was no attributable fatality due to S.paucimobilis infections due to the low virulence of the bacteria.