cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Impressions of Weird Fate’: Revision and Crisis in ‘The Lady of Shalott’

AbstractAlfred Tennyson disliked the engraving of ‘The Lady of Shalott’ produced by William Holman Hunt for the 1857 Moxon edition of Tennyson’s Poems, accusing the artist of taking too many liberties in depicting the Lady’s hair and the threads of her weaving as ‘wildly tossing’ around her. This essay traces the histories of both Hunt’s image and Tennyson’s text, arguing that the poet’s objection is grounded in the fact the engraving reproduces the fierce agency that characterizes the Lady in Tennyson’s 1832 original but not his 1842 revision. That pattern of revision, I suggest, reflects the poet’s distress over the 1833 death of his beloved friend Arthur Hallam and is motivated by his new ways of thinking, in the wake of that catastrophe, about the crisis of desire and the perpetual trauma of communication between the living and the dead.
Women With Breast Cancer Who Work For Accommodating Employers More Likely To Retain Jobs After Treatment.

Breast cancer affects one in eight women across the United States, and low-income minority survivors of breast cancer are at increased risk of job loss, compared to higher-income white survivors. E...
Folk Psychology Revisited: The Methodological Problem and the Autonomy of Psychology

'Folk psychology' is a term that refers to the way that ordinary people think and talk about minds. But over roughly the last four decades the term has come to be used in rather different ways by philosophers and psychologists engaged in technical projects in analytic philosophy of mind and empirical psychology, many of which are only indirectly related to the question of how ordinary people actually think about minds. The result is a sometimes puzzling body of academic literature, cobbled together loosely under that single heading, that contains a number of terminological inconsistencies, the clarification of which seems to reveal conceptual problems. This paper is an attempt to approach folk psychology more directly, to clarify the phenomenon of interest, and to examine the methods used to investigate it. Having identified some conceptual problems in the literature, I argue that those problems have occluded a particular methodological confound involved in the study of folk psychology, one associated with psychological language, that may well be intractable. Rather than attempt to solve that methodological problem, then, I suggest that we use the opportunity to rethink the relationship between folk psychology and its scientific counterpart. A careful look at the study of folk psychology may prove surprisingly helpful for clarifying the nature of psychological science and addressing the contentious question of its status as a potentially autonomous special science.
Transfer of marketing knowledge to Catholic primary schools

While the role and importance of marketing have grown in nonprofit organizations, marketing knowledge in nonprofit education organizations, specifically primary schools, is sparse. This paper reports the research findings of an exploratory study designed to examine the transfer of marketing knowledge to Catholic primary schools. It identifies and explores what school leaders know about marketing, how they acquire that knowledge, and what factors contribute to or impede its development. Qualitative data gathered from Catholic school educational leaders reveal that while marketing is viewed in schools as an important management function, marketing knowledge is slow to transfer. Findings reveal that marketing knowledge is primarily developed unintentionally, as a result of trial and error, and that a lack of formal marketing training results in a heavy dependence on volunteers. Findings also indicate that school leaders have minimal autonomy under the Diocese, which, along with economic, cultural, and structural barriers, functions to limit marketing knowledge development. It was also found that, although cross-sector cooperation is desired among educational leaders, it is not pursued, further limiting the transfer of marketing knowledge. Theoretical and managerial implications for resource-strapped primary schools in competitive environments are discussed.
Threaded Fastener Secondary Locking Requirements

Secondary locking features in threaded fasteners are in widespread use in machinery, structures, and systems. In this paper, the mechanism for loosening of threaded fasteners is explained qualitatively and defined quantitatively in terms of the self-loosening moment inherent to threaded fasteners and external load-induced loosening moments. Equations for loosening moments are defined. This paper provides analysis which quantifies the locking action required to prevent loosening due to the inherent self-loosening moment and external load loosening moments in threaded fastener joints. This paper provides the basis and method for engineers to properly design or specify secondary locking features in threaded fasteners to provide sufficient locking and prevent loosening. Requirements for secondary locking feature moments are developed in terms of loosening moments and factor of safety. Test data and calculations are provided to substantiate the requirements. Examples are provided for common secondary locking features including prevailing torque and adhesive.
Models of Health Behavior and Systems and Overcoming Barriers to Improved Immunization Rates

Despite the availability of effective vaccines, they are often underused. Though many barriers to immunizations exist, primary care providers can overcome these barriers through systematic implementation of immunization quality improvement programs. This chapter prepares primary care clinicians to improve vaccination coverage in their patient panel. The chapter examines the public health dynamics of the US immunization program and common theoretical models of health behavior used in immunization program planning. The Social Determinants of Health framework is presented as an alternative to the more frequently used health behavior models to guide complex multi-system immunization interventions. Current research in the field of implementation science is explained to equip the reader to plan an immunization improvement intervention. The chapter concludes with a review of the most effective evidence-based interventions designed to improve immunization coverage. The 4 Pillars™ Practice Transformation Program for immunization is offered as a taxonomy of critical leverage points that will guide the selection of quality improvement strategies.
Measurement of the ultrafast dynamics of nonlinear refraction and absorption of highly doped semiconductors at epsilon-near-zero (Conference Presentation)

Materials exhibiting near zero refractive index are shown to have interesting nonlinear optical properties such as enhanced second and third harmonic generation, and large nonlinear refraction (NLR) due to their unique interplay between linear and nonlinear optical features. In particular, the NLR of highly doped semiconductors such as Indium Tin Oxide and Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide is enhanced in the near-infrared spectral regions, where the real part of the permittivity crosses zero with the advantage of having a tunable zero crossover frequency by controlling the doping level. This is also known as the epsilon near zero (ENZ) regime, where the refractive index is very small. We have used the Beam-Deflection (BD) method to directly characterize the temporal dynamics and polarization dependence of the nondegenerate (ND) NLR of doped semiconductors at ENZ. The origin of the nonlinear optical response of these materials is different than for the case of bound electronic nonlinearities which depend upon the third-order susceptibility. The ND BD technique has the potential to study the dependence on relative polarization of excitation and probe waves to accurately determine the instantaneous electronic nonlinearities separately from the non-instantaneous mechanisms such as carrier redistribution effects, however, the carrier nonlinearities are dominant in such materials. This method also reveals the effect of tuning the wavelength of excitation or probe waves through ENZ separately. BD has sensitivity to induced optical path length as small as 1/20,000 of a wavelength, which enables the possibility to resolve NLR in the presence of large nonlinear absorption backgrounds.
A Microminiaturized Piezojunction Pressure Sensor

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the use of a microminiaturized piezojunction pressure sensor. The piezojunction effect in semiconductors encompasses the effects of an anisotropic mechanical stress on the electrical characteristics of p–n junction devices. The piezojunction effect results from the dependence of electron energy band structure and minority carrier density upon deformation of the semiconductor crystal. A pressure sensor utilizes the piezojunction effect in a silicon needle diode. Piezojunction pressure sensors can be made extremely small. The needle geometry is used because it allows an amplification of the pressure exerted against the diaphragm. Pressure sensors utilizing the piezojunction effect are compatible with microcircuit technology. For example, the needle diode can be connected by small wires to a remote solid-state oscillator to provide a digital readout without any sacrifice in sensitivity or dynamic response.
PROTECTING LEGACY APPLICATIONS FROM UNICODE

While XML-based Web Service architectures are successfully turning the Web into an infrastructure for cooperating applications, not all problems with respect to interoperability problems have yet been solved. XML-based data exchange has the ability to carry the full Unicode character repertoire, which is approaching 100’000 characters. Many legacy application are being Web-Service-enabled rather than being re-built from scratch, and therefore still have the same limitations. A frequently seen limitation is the inability to handle the full Unicode character repertoire. We describe an architectural approach and a schema language to address this issue. The architectural approach proposes to establish validation as basic Web Service functionality, which should be built into a Web Services architecture rather than applications. Based on this vision of modular an infrastructure-based validation, we propose a schema language for character repertoire validation. Lessons learned from the first implementation and possible improvements of the schema language conclude the paper.
Context Effects in Memory and Learning Movement Information

A theoretical framework is offered that interprets Battig's (1979) conceptualization of contextual interference in terms of the multiple and variable processing that result from the concurrent presence of tasks in working memory. The central role of cognitive processes in the learning of motor tasks and the influence of these processes on motor performance is emphasized. This theoretical interpretation switches emphasis away from a memorial representation of a motor act comprised of sensory attributes to an active, operationally defined representation.
Atomic-level insights through spectroscopic and transport measurements into the large-area synthesis of MoS 2 thin films

Several structure-property relationships are reported in large-area MoS2 thin films to understand the effect of sulfur vacancies along with complementary first-principles calculations. X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements demonstrated that sputtered MoS2 followed by a high-temperature sulfurization produced sharp film-substrate interface along with high crystalline order. Spectroscopic and transport measurements showed that removal of sulfur vacancies promoted A-B excitons, strong in-plane Raman modes, a sharp increase in dc resistivity, and strong photo-conducting behavior. We have clearly demonstrated that a hybrid method using magnetron sputtering can provide high-quality few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide films.
Reconfigurable valley acoustic phononic crystals based on a fluidic system

Valley serves as a new degree of freedom in controlling wave dynamics. Here, we present a design of valley acoustic phononic crystals (PCs) composed of a hybrid channel-cavity structure. Valley states for both waveguide and surface acoustic modes can be realized, and the mode transition is enabled by adjusting the channel height. Reconfigurable valley Hall phase transition in a wide range of frequencies is allowed by tuning the cavity sizes based on a fluidic system. By injecting/withdrawing fluid into/out of the cavities, the dispersion relation, phase transition, and edge states can be controlled conveniently in the two-dimensional PCs. Frequency-dependent acoustic routing, tunable refraction, topological switching, wave splitting, and reconfigurable acoustic pathways with suppressed backscattering are demonstrated both numerically and experimentally through acoustic field scanning. The reconfigurable valley PCs can serve as a versatile platform for exploring valley-related physics and achieving tunable wideband acoustic devices.
Human Rights Legislation in Albania: the case of human trafficking

Albania has been one of the key origin and transit Eastern European countries to traffic with persons. More than 5000 Albanian women have been victims of trafficking in the past decade. The Albania...
On the Normalized Ground States of Second Order PDE’s with Mixed Power Non-linearities

For each $$\lambda >0$$ and under necessary conditions on the parameters, we construct normalized waves for second order PDE’s with mixed power non-linearities, with $$\Vert u\Vert _{L^2({{\mathbf {R}}}^n)}^2=\lambda , n\ge 1$$ . We show that these are bell-shaped smooth and localized functions, and we compute their precise asymptotics. We study the question for the smoothness of the Lagrange multiplier with respect to the $$L^2$$ norm of the waves, namely the map $$\lambda \rightarrow \omega _\lambda $$ , a classical problem related to its stability. We show that this is intimately related to the question for the non-degeneracy of the said solitons. We provide a wide class of non-linearities, for which the waves are non-degenerate. Under some minimal extra assumptions, we show that a.e. in $$\lambda $$ , the map $$\lambda \rightarrow f_{\omega _\lambda }$$ is differentiable and the waves $$e^{i \omega _\lambda t} f_{\omega _\lambda }$$ are spectrally (and in some cases orbitally) stable as solutions to the NLS equation. Similar results are obtained for the same waves, as traveling waves of the Zakharov–Kuznetsov system.
Pharmacokinetics of single doses of maropitant citrate in adult horses

The neurokinin-1 (NK) receptor antagonist, maropitant citrate, mitigates nausea and vomiting in dogs and cats. Nausea is poorly understood and likely under-recognized in horses. Use of NK-1 receptor antagonists in horses has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of maropitant in seven adult horses after single intravenous (IV; 1 mg/kg) and intragastric (IG; 2 mg/kg) doses. A randomized, crossover design was performed. Serial blood samples were collected after dosing; maropitant concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis. The mean plasma maropitant concentration 3 min after IV administration was 800 ± 140 ng/ml, elimination half-life was 10.37 ± 2.07 h, and volume of distribution was 6.54 ± 1.84 L/kg. The maximum concentration following IG administration was 80 ± 40 ng/ml, and elimination half-life was 9.64 ± 1.27 hr. Oral bioavailability was variable at 13.3 ± 5.3%. Maropitant concentrations achieved after IG administration were comparable to those in small animals. Concentrations after IV administration were lower than in dogs and cats. Elimination half-life was longer than in dogs and shorter than in cats. This study is the basis for further investigations into using maropitant in horses.
A Test of Feasibility and Acceptability of Online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Women and Men at Risk for High Stress: Pilot Study.

Background: In conservative and rural areas, where antidiscrimination laws do not exist, lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people are at risk for excess stress arising from discrimination. Stress-reducing interventions delivered via innovative channels to overcome access barriers are needed. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of online mindfulness-based stress reduction (OMBSR) with LGB people in Appalachian Tennessee at high risk for stress. Methods: In 2 pilot studies involving pre-post test designs, participants completed 8 weeks of OMBSR, weekly activity logs, semistructured interviews, and surveys of perceived and minority stress. Results: Overall, 24 LGB people enrolled in the study and 17 completed OMBSR. In addition, 94% completed some form of mindfulness activities daily, including meditation. Participants enjoyed the program and found it easy to use. Perceived stress (Cohen, perceived stress scale-10) decreased by 23% in women (mean 22.73 vs mean 17.45; t10=3.12; P=.01) and by 40% in men (mean 19.83 vs mean 12.00; t5=3.90; P=.01) between baseline and postprogram. Women demonstrated a 12% reduction in overall minority stress (Balsam, Daily Experiences with Heterosexism Questionnaire) from baseline to 12-week follow-up (mean 1.87 vs mean 1.57; t10=4.12; P=.002). Subscale analyses indicated that women’s stress due to vigilance and vicarious trauma decreased by 21% and 20%, respectively. Conclusions: OMBSR may be a useful tool to help LGB people reduce general and minority-specific stress in socially conservative regions lacking antidiscrimination policies.
Viewing Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis through an Immunological Lens

Abstract Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila is ubiquitously found in freshwater environments, where it replicates within free-living protozoa. Aerosolization of contaminated water supplies allows the bacteria to be inhaled into the human lung, where L. pneumophila can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and replicate intracellularly. The Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) is one of the key virulence factors required for intracellular bacterial replication and subsequent disease. The Dot/Icm apparatus translocates more than 300 effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with a variety of cellular processes, thus enabling the bacterium to evade phagosome–lysosome fusion and establish an endoplasmic reticulum-derived Legionella-containing vacuole, which facilitates bacterial replication. In turn, the immune system has evolved numerous strategies to recognize intracellular bacteria such as L. pneumophila, leading to potent inflammatory responses that aid in eliminating infection. This review aims to provide an overview of L. pneumophila pathogenesis in the context of the host immune response.
Tachypnea, Fever and Eosinophilia

Loffler syndrome is a helminth-associated eosinophilic pneumonitis which occurs when helminths transmigrate through the lung parenchyma and airways, provoking a marked eosinophil-mediated inflammatory response. The clinical picture is a constellation of transient pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, respiratory symptoms including cough and hypoxemia, and peripheral blood and pulmonary eosinophilia. Supportive care including supplemental oxygen and inhaled bronchodilators is helpful in acute management of Loffler-associated respiratory symptoms. Anthelmintic treatments may be used in particularly severe or refractory cases of Loffler syndrome, though the condition is generally self-limited. Strongyloides co-infection should be ruled out in patients who have risk factors for helminth exposure before the use of systemic steroids, particularly in otherwise immunosuppressed patients to avoid the potential risk of a disseminated hyperinfection syndrome. The same cautionary statement applies to monoclonal antibodies which are designed to inhibit IgE or eosinophils. Helminth infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis for asthma, eosinophilia, or elevated IgE, even in developed countries.
Compression Ratio Modeling and Estimation across Error Bounds for Lossy Compression

Scientific simulations on high-performance computing (HPC) systems generate vast amounts of floating-point data that need to be reduced in order to lower the storage and I/O cost. Lossy compressors trade data accuracy for reduction performance and have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing data volume. However, a key hurdle to wide adoption of lossy compressors is that the trade-off between data accuracy and compression performance, particularly the compression ratio, is not well understood. Consequently, domain scientists often need to exhaust many possible error bounds before they can figure out an appropriate setup. The current practice of using lossy compressors to reduce data volume is, therefore, through trial and error, which is not efficient for large datasets which take a tremendous amount of computational resources to compress. This paper aims to analyze and estimate the compression performance of lossy compressors on HPC datasets. In particular, we predict the compression ratios of two modern lossy compressors that achieve superior performance, SZ and ZFP, on HPC scientific datasets at various error bounds, based upon the compressors’ intrinsic metrics collected under a given base error bound. We evaluate the estimation scheme using twenty real HPC datasets and the results confirm the effectiveness of our approach.
Zero-noise extrapolation for quantum-gate error mitigation with identity insertions

Quantum-gate errors are a significant challenge for achieving precision measurements on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. This paper focuses on zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE), a technique that can be implemented on existing hardware, studying it in detail and proposing modifications to existing approaches. In particular, we consider identity insertion methods for amplifying noise because they are hardware agnostic. We build a mathematical formalism for studying existing ZNE techniques and show how higher order polynomial extrapolations can be used to systematically reduce depolarizing errors. Furthermore, we introduce a method for amplifying noise that uses far fewer gates than traditional methods. This approach is compared with existing methods for simulated quantum circuits. Comparable or smaller errors are possible with fewer gates, which illustrates the potential for empowering an entirely new class of moderate-depth circuits on near term hardware.
Fistulifera alcalina sp. nov. (Naviculales, Stauroneidaceae) a new alkaliphilic diatom species from Lake Okeechobee, Florida (USA)

In this work, we propose and describe a novel diatom species, Fistulifera alcalina sp. nov., isolated from Port Mayaca on Lake Okeechobee, Florida (USA). This new diatom species represents a distin...
Genetic variation in Plethodon cinereus and Plethodon hubrichti from in and around a contact zone.

Climate change poses several challenges to biological communities including changes in the frequency of encounters between closely related congeners as a result of range shifts. When climate change leads to increased hybridization, hybrid dysfunction or genetic swamping may increase extinction risk-particularly in range-restricted species with low vagility. The Peaks of Otter Salamander, Plethodon hubrichti, is a fully terrestrial woodland salamander that is restricted to ~18 km of ridgeline in the mountains of southwestern Virginia, and its range is surrounded by the abundant and widespread Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus. In order to determine whether these two species are hybridizing and how their range limits may be shifting, we assessed variation at eight microsatellite loci and a 1,008 bp region of Cytochrome B in both species at allopatric reference sites and within a contact zone. Our results show that hybridization between P. hubrichti and P. cinereus either does not occur or is very rare. However, we find that diversity and differentiation are substantially higher in the mountaintop endemic P. hubrichti than in the widespread P. cinereus, despite similar movement ability for the two species as assessed by a homing experiment. Furthermore, estimation of divergence times between reference and contact zone populations via approximate Bayesian computation is consistent with the idea that P. cinereus has expanded into the range of P. hubrichti. Given the apparent recent colonization of the contact zone by P. cinereus, future monitoring of P. cinereus range limits should be a priority for the management of P. hubrichti populations.
Stones, Snowflakes, and Insect Eggs: Conrad Gessner’s Figura and Geometric Nature

This paper takes as its broad context the evolution of the place of geometry in ways of thinking about nature and art in early modern Europe. Considering a set of questions about how Nature creates geometric forms, particularly in minerals but also in other kinds of natural beings, the paper explores the concept of “figure” as it appears in Conrad Gessner’s De rerum fossilium, where figure appears as a broad category that cuts across abstract geometry, artifactual images, and shape appearing within natural entities. Gessner is placed within changing ideas about the role of geometry as an intellectual pursuit or, rather, a mechanical property of nature conceived as inanimate and rule-bound.
A global effort to understand the riddles of COVID-19 and cancer

Cancer has found a formidable foil in COVID-19, and this has brought to the fore the early concerns that COVID-19 could have a deeper impact on oncology patients. Two studies now provide insights into the enigma surrounding the determinants of the worsening of COVID-19 symptoms in patients with cancer.
A Modified Delphi Involving Laboratory Faculty to Define Essential Skills for Pharmacy Graduates

Objective. To define essential skills for Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) graduates that are needed in the four most common sectors of pharmacy practice as determined by expert faculty who instruct within pharmacy skills laboratories. Methods. A three-round Delphi method was used to establish consensus. In the first round, participants were asked what skills were needed by students at entry to practice in community, health-system, ambulatory care, and managed care pharmacy settings. In rounds two and three, participants were asked to rate each skill with a level of importance using a 10-point Likert scale (1=not important to 10=very important). Results. In round one, participants produced a collective list of 289 essential skills. These skill statements were sent to participants in rounds two and three to assign a level of importance. After the third round, participants reached consensus using a mean level of importance for a final list of 69 community pharmacy skills, 47 health-system, 60 ambulatory care, and 15 managed care skills. These skills were then mapped to entrustable professional activities domains for schools and colleges pharmacy to use as a resource when assessing core competency development in the curriculum. Conclusion. The Delphi technique was used successfully with expert pharmacy skills laboratory faculty to identify laboratory-focused essential skills that recent PharmD graduates should have prior to entering community, health-system, ambulatory care, or managed care pharmacy practice. These essential skills can be used to guide curriculum development, develop milestone markers, and help ensure students are practice ready.
Looking for Portia: Archives, Translation and the Politics of Language

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are filled with male translators, particularly civil servants, translating Shakespeare into Indian vernacular languages. These translations have be...
One cat, two cats, red cat, blue cats: eliciting morphemes from individuals with primary progressive aphasia

Background: Progressive neurodegenerative impairment with central language features, primary progressive aphasia (PPA), can be further distinguished for many individuals into one of three variants:...
Gender Differences in Patients' Experience of Care in the Emergency Department.

Author(s): Chen, Peggy G; Tolpadi, Anagha; Elliott, Marc N; Hays, Ron D; Lehrman, William G; Stark, Debra S; Parast, Layla
Biodegradability of Lactide–Caprolactone Macromonomers in Wastewater

A desire to develop biorenewable materials has led to lactide–caprolactone copolymers being used in adhesive, medical, and pharmaceutical products. Use of this alternative material may diminish human impact on the environment and create products that are biocompatible. One advantage of these materials compared with other typical petroleum-based polymers is that they are easily degraded by microorganisms. In this study, the biodegradation of representative lactide–caprolactone macromonomers and an acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive incorporating these macromonomers was followed by a respirometric method using a consortium of microorganisms found in a typical wastewater treatment facility. The weight loss data of lactide–caprolactone macromonomers showed that the lowest molecular weight macromonomers with a high percentage of lactide had the greatest weight loss, which could have been caused by the greater number of ester linkages. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance data showed that for lower molecular weight copolymers, there was a preferential loss of caprolactone. Promisingly, testing of the full acrylic adhesives showed that they were easily degraded and thus provided a route to more environmentally friendly adhesive products.
Techno-Financial Management Approach to Business Organization Culture: A New Paradigm for Sustained Techno-Economic Innovation

Meteoric growth in all spheres of economic activity propelled by rapid advancement in technology has profoundly impacted humanity mainly due to the globalization wave which was ushered in several countries in the early nineties of the last century. Economic volatilities coupled with geo political upheavals sweeping nations worldwide are leading to business uncertainties and implications on growth of organizations in this rapidly competitive arena. From this standpoint, the paper discusses the role of harnessing knowledge capital for sustained techno-economic innovation and the dimensions of Organizational Leadership to drive the Ambidextrous Model of Organization Culture to achieve the same.
Erythrocytosis in Patients on Testosterone Therapy

With increasing awareness of men’s health and related issues, in particular androgen deficiency, there has been a rise in the use of testosterone therapy. Various formulations of testosterone therapy have evolved over time including gels, pellets, injections, and, more recently, oral formulations. Most professional society guidelines recommend treatment only in men with concomitant hypogonadal symptoms. This is due to the potential side effects of testosterone therapy including, but not limited to, increased estrogen levels, gynecomastia, erythrocytosis, thrombosis, and prostate cancer. This chapter will discuss the risk, monitoring, and management of erythrocytosis in the context of testosterone replacement therapy.
History of Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based dialysis modality for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). For the past several decades, PD has provided flexibility in performing dialysis treatments helping ESKD patients maintain their everyday activities, work, and travel. This flexibility also provides patients with the option to dialyze during sleeping or waking hours and effectively eliminates the need for frequent trips to outpatient dialysis centers. The concept of PD steadily evolved over the centuries through the creativity, dedication, and diligence of several key innovators. By learning about the evolution and history of PD, the reader will gain a more comprehensive understanding of the overall importance of PD and will develop an appreciation for the amount of research, innovation, and perseverance that lead to the current status of PD. This chapter will outline the history of PD and review a number of major scientific breakthroughs that have collectively shaped how PD is currently practiced.
A Hybrid Solution Approach for Large-scale Batch Scheduling with Quantum Computing

Abstract In this work, we demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of hybrid quantum computing (QC) based techniques for solving large-scale batch scheduling problems. We propose a novel solution approach that integrates classical and quantum techniques to overcome their individual shortcomings. The hybrid solution framework allows us to take advantage of the complementary strengths of the two methods. We demonstrate the use of this hybrid approach in developing efficient solution algorithm for an intractable batch scheduling problem formulated as mixed-integer fractional program. We then propose a novel QC-based parametric decomposition algorithm for solving large-scale batch scheduling problems. The performance and efficiency of the developed hybrid models and methods are validated by performing several computational experiments and comparing the obtained computational results with those of the state-of-the-art classical off-the-shelf optimization solvers..
Test-retest reliability and practice effects of the virtual environment grocery store (VEGS)

The use of virtual reality (VR) technology has been suggested as a method to increase ecological validity in neuropsychological assessments. Although validity has been a focus in VR research, littl...
Patient-parent perceptions of transition readiness in Turner syndrome and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE Medical care transition to adult care presents challenges for individuals with complex medical conditions such as Turner syndrome (TS). The goals of this study were to: (1) identify factors associated with transition readiness; (2) examine associations and differences between patients' and parents' perceptions of readiness using Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ). METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, girls with TS 12-25 years and one parent were recruited from 11/2019 to 12/2020. Three questionnaires were administered (demographic/clinical questionnaire, TRAQ, and TS Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire [TS-TRAQ]). Medical records were reviewed for karyotype and personal medical history. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, paired sample t tests, and linear regression were used to examine readiness and associated factors. RESULTS Of 44 eligible patients, 35 patients and 30 parents completed the study. Patient age, education, and life skills were associated with a higher TRAQ score (p < .001). Greater TS knowledge was associated with higher readiness (p < .05). Readiness score for patient and parental perception of patient's readiness were correlated (r = .83; p < .01). Within patient-parent dyads, patients had higher readiness (p < .01). TRAQ and TS-TRAQ scores were correlated (r = .69; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Increasing patient age, patient education, life skills, confidence, and higher social/emotional scores were associated with a higher total TRAQ. Patient and parent perceived readiness were correlated and scores within dyads were different. Patients had higher perceived readiness. Positive correlations between TRAQ and TS-TRAQ suggest this tool may be a useful resource. Given the unique neurocognitive profile and social/emotional challenges among girls with TS, future research should include both patients and parents, and focus on validating TS-specific transition readiness tools.
Removal of Ovarian Vein Coil

Study Objective To review relevant anatomy and surgical technique for ovarian vein coil removal. Design Surgical video. Setting Mayo Clinic Arizona. Patients or Participants Chronic pelvic pain patient who underwent surgical intervention. Interventions Robotic assisted ovarian vein coil removal. Measurements and Main Results Establishment of a successful and safe technique for ovarian vein coil removal. Conclusion Minimally invasive surgical approaches can be an effective method for treatment of pain caused by protruding ovarian vein coils.
Phase change reconfigurable nanophotonics on a foundry-processed SOI platform

We report integration of chalcogenide phase change materials (GSST and Sb2Se3) with doped silicon-on-insulator heater arrays fabricated in a 90-nm silicon foundry. Reversible electrothermal switching of transmissive metasurfaces and integrated photonic devices are demonstrated.
Hamster fibroblasts defective in thrombin-induced mitogenesis. A selection for mutants in phosphatidylinositol metabolism and other functions.

Abstract Growth of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL39) on thrombin as sole mitogen is dependent on phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolism and activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter. By modifying a H+ suicide selection developed for the isolation of antiporter mutants in these cells, we enriched for and isolated CCL39 variants deficient in the thrombin mitogenic response (thrombin nongrowers). These mutants retain alternate mitogenic mechanisms and, hence, grow well on media containing serum. When challenged with thrombin, the mutants show decreased, increased, or unchanged levels of inositol phosphates produced as compared with wild type cells. One of the mutants (D1-6b) has decreased inositol phosphates production not only with thrombin but also with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and AlF4-, suggesting a defect distal to the thrombin receptors. Extracts of this mutant reveal marked decreased phospholipase C activity toward PI. From the different phenotypes of the thrombin nongrowers, it is clear that the selection is general and that mutants with various biochemical defects should lead to a better understanding of the PI cycle as well as of functions essential to mitogenesis.
BBQ: A Visual Interface for Integrated Browsing and Querying of XML

In this paper we present BBQ (Blended Browsing and Querying), a graphic user interface for seamlessly browsing and querying XML data sources. BBQ displays the structure of multiple data sources using a paradigm that resembles drilling-down in Windows’ directory structures. BBQ allows queries incorporating one or more of the sources. Queries are constructed in a query-by-example (QBE) manner, where DTDs play the role of schema. The queries are arbitrary conjunctive queries with GROUPBY, and their results can be subsequently used and refined. To support query refinement, BBQ introduces virtual result views: standalone virtual data sources that (i) are constructed by user queries, from elements in other data sources, and (ii) can be used in subsequent queries as first-class data sources themselves. Furthermore, BBQ allows users to query data sources with loose or incomplete schema, and can augment such schema with a DTD inference mechanism.
Numerical Subgrid Upscaling of Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media

We present an approach and numerical results for scaling up fine grid information to coarse scales in an approximation to a nonlinear parabolic system governing two-phase flow in porous media. The technique allows upscaling of the usual parameters porosity and relative and absolute permeabilities, and also the location of wells and capillary pressure. Some of these are critical nonlinear terms that need to be resolved on the fine scale, or serious errors will result. Upscaling is achieved by explicitly decomposing the differential system into a coarse-grid-scale operator coupled to a subgrid-scale operator, which we localize by imposing a closure assumption. We approximate the coarse-grid-scale operator with a mixed finite element method that has a second order accurate velocity coupled implicitly to the subgrid scale. The subgrid-scale operator is approximated locally by a first order accurate mixed method. A numerical Greens influence function technique allows us to solve these subgrid problems independently of the coarse-grid approximation. No explicit macroscopic coefficients nor pseudo-functions result. The method is easily seen to be optimally convergent in the case of a single linear parabolic equation.
On finite-codelength outage capacity for MIMO channels

In this work we propose a new fading channel performance measure which allows for the realistic information-theoretic treatment of practical communication systems that are subject to strict delay constraints. Simultaneous consideration of finite-length codes and frequency-nonselective slow (quasistatic) fading lead us to a combination of these two concepts in the form of a notion we call finite-codelength outage (FCO). In this context we derive the FCO capacity for the fading multiple input-multiple output channel for the maximum likelihood receiver and two versions of the Bell Labs layered space-time (BLAST) architecture, namely the original diagonal BLAST and our own rate-tailored BLAST.
Invariance and scaling laws in natural images

Under an image scaling transform, the energy of two local interaction models displays power scaling. The scaling exponents range from 0.4 to 3.17, with a typical value of 1.74. There are also crossovers in this power scaling. The exponents vary from image to image, reflecting image edge, surface, and texture characteristics and can be used as image signatures.
Computed tomography x-ray tube life analysis: a multiyear study.

Purpose To assess and compare actual computed tomography (CT) x-ray tube life with manufacturer warranty coverage limits because prolonging the tube life helps to lower operating costs. Methods Ten GE LightSpeed CT scanners with 40 Performix Ultra tube changes and 3 GE VCT scanners with 10 Performix Pro tube changes were followed for 6 years. CT x-ray tube life measurements were performed by analyzing log files of the units after a tube change. Results The Ultra tubes warranty coverage limit is 70 kAs or 12 months, whichever comes first. For Pro tubes, it is 6000 examinations or 12 months, whichever comes first. Measurements for the Performix Ultra CT x-ray tubes showed a range of 7 to 48 months and 16.7 to 239.9 kAs. Mean values for the Ultra CT x-ray tubes were 19.2 ± 12.5 months and 81.0 ± 45.4 kAs. Seven Ultra CT x-ray tubes did not meet the warranty coverage limits, with an average life of 8 months and 48.1 kAs. For the Pro CT x-ray tubes, the measured logs indicated 22.4 ± 9.6 months of CT x-ray tube life. All 10 Pro CT x-ray tubes exceeded company warranty coverage limits. Discussion Although Pro tubes lasted longer, they acquired fewer scans than did Ultra tubes. A similar result was shown for current output. Conclusion Because the clinical demand for a CT scanner varies, it is difficult to determine the reason for the failed tubes. Mechanical, environmental, and usage factors can reduce the life expectancy of an x-ray tube.
The Secret Meaning of Intent

At the Supreme Court (and elsewhere) there has long been a wide range of views about the proper way to go about interpreting statutes. From time to time, some of those views are blessed with knowledgeable, articulate, and outgoing proponents. These days the debate is perhaps most vigorous, and certainly most entertaining, between Justice Antonin "Plain Meaning" Scalia and Justice Stephen "Legislative Intent" Breyer. Almost a century ago, the debaters were Justices William R. Day and Joseph McKenna, but with a twist: in one important case they were joined in the debate (in secret) by Congressman James R. Mann, who had some secret legislative history of his own to share.
Influence of Land Use, Nutrients, and Geography on Microbial Communities and Fecal Indicator Abundance at Lake Michigan Beaches

Microbial communities within beach sand play a key role in nutrient cycling and are important to the nearshore ecosystem function. Escherichia coli and enterococci, two common indicators of fecal pollution, have been shown to persist in the beach sand, but little is known about how microbial community assemblages are related to these fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) reservoirs. We examined eight beaches across a geographic gradient and range of land use types and characterized the indigenous community structure in the water and the backshore, berm, and submerged sands. FIB were found at similar levels in sand at beaches adjacent to urban, forested, and agricultural land and in both the berm and backshore. However, there were striking differences in the berm and backshore microbial communities, even within the same beach, reflecting the very different environmental conditions in these beach zones in which FIB can survive. In contrast, the microbial communities in a particular beach zone were similar among beaches, including at beaches on opposite shores of Lake Michigan. The differences in the microbial communities that did exist within a beach zone correlated to nutrient levels, which varied among geographic locations. Total organic carbon and total phosphorus were higher in Wisconsin beach sand than in beach sand from Michigan. Within predominate genera, fine-scale sequence differences could be found that distinguished the populations from the two states, suggesting a biogeographic effect. This work demonstrates that microbial communities are reflective of environmental conditions at freshwater beaches and are able to provide useful information regarding long-term anthropogenic stress.
Principals Competing for an Agent in the Presence of Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard

Abstract This paper analyzes competition between two principals for the exclusive services of an agent of unknown ability. The principals differ in their marginal and average valuations for the agent′s input. They compete by offering menus of incentive contracts. A prominent feature of the equilibrium when neither principal fully dominates is that they both offer identical pooling contracts to an interval of intermediate-ability types. All these types supply a constant input level, receive the same monetary rewards, and yield zero profits to the principals. In addition, the effort of low-ability types is greater than the efficient level and welfare may be lower than if there was only one principal. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D82, C72.
Behavioral science and medical education: a biobehavioral perspective.

Abstract A model for the teaching of behavioral science in medical schools is described. In this approach attention is concentrated on behavioral (psychological, social, cultural) factors linking the individual with physical illness and the medical care system. These factors are organized by means of an illness behavior model. The student is encouraged to view illness as a behavioral construct (i.e. as a behavioral discontinuity in the patient's life) as well as a biomedical construct (i.e. as a biological disruption of functioning) and to understand the dynamic interaction between these two systems of organization. The ideal institutional setting and ideal faculty for teaching medical behavioral science are discussed.
A Comparison of Japanese Total Quality Control and Deming's Theory of Management

Abstract This article critically contrasts two schools of thought on quality management: Japanese total quality control and Deming's theory of management. An overview of each school of thought is presented in respect to definition of quality, purpose, structure, and intrinsic value. The differences between the two schools of thought are discussed in respect to five issues: purpose and structure, role of competition as a motivational tool to achieve customer satisfaction, use of fear as a managerial tool, use of numeric targets as tools of management, and use of performance appraisal as a tool of management.