cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of adolescents with platelet function disorders and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Platelet function disorders (PFDs) have emerged as an important etiology of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in adolescents. However, neither clinical nor laboratory data have been methodically analyzed in this population subset. The objective of this study was to evaluate these parameters in order to distinguish characteristics of the disorder that in turn will lead to earlier diagnosis and therapy initiation. Retrospective review of medical records from postmenarcheal adolescents with documented PFDs referred to a hemophilia treatment center and university faculty practices for bleeding diatheses with their clinical and laboratory data evaluated. Of 63 teens with documented PFDs, HMB was the most common clinical manifestation of PFD (43; 68.3%). Of these, 37 (86%) were diagnosed with PFD either at or after menarche with the diagnosis based on HMB symptoms alone. Only 6 (14%) were diagnosed with a PFD prior to menarche, based on associated bleeding, i.e., epistaxis, ecchymosis, and all developed HMB after menstruation onset. Interestingly, 20 girls were diagnosed with a PFD prior to menarche and of these, only 6 (30%) went on to develop HMB after pubertal transition, while the majority (14; 70%) did not. The average age-at-PFD diagnosis was 14.5yrs, significantly differing from the 10.9yrs average age-at-PFD diagnosis in their counterparts that, after menarche, did not develop HMB (P<.01) Blood type O occurred significantly more frequently (76%) than national norms (P <.037). Incidence of δ-Storage Pool deficiency (δ-SPD) was significantly higher (74%) than their non-HMB cohorts (45%) (P <.007). Coagulation and von Willebrand factor studies were all normal. Abnormal closure times and aggregation studies were observed in 42% and 60%, respectively, of tested girls. In 25.6% for whom standard platelet studies were normal, electron microscopy detected reduced platelet δ-granules numbers (δ-SPD). Adolescents with PFDs and HMB appear to be clinically distinct from their non-HMB counterparts. This group of girls is characterized by HMB the major bleeding symptom, significantly high incidences of blood group O and the δ-SPD with a PFD diagnosed well after menarche. High false negative standard platelet function study results indicate additional diagnostic strategies, particularly for δ-SPD, should be considered.
A case for two-level recovery schemes

Long-running applications are often subject to failures. Failures can result in significant loss of computation, Therefore, it is necessary to use a failure recovery scheme to minimize performance overhead in the presence of failures. In this paper, we argue that it is often advantageous to use "two-level" recovery schemes. A two-level recovery scheme tolerates the more probable failures with low performance overhead, while the less probable failures may possibly incur a higher overhead. By minimizing overhead for the more frequently occurring failure scenarios, the two-level approach can achieve lower performance overhead (on average) as compared to existing recovery schemes. The paper describes two two-level recovery schemes. Performance analysis using a Markov chain shows that, in practice, a two-level scheme can perform better than its "one-level" counterpart. While the conclusions of this paper are intuitive, the work on design of appropriate recovery schemes is lacking. The objective of this paper is to motivate research into recovery schemes that can provide multiple levels of fault tolerance and achieve better performance than existing recovery schemes. The paper presents an analytical approach for evaluating performance of two-level schemes and shows that such schemes are hard to optimize analytically.
Availability requirement for fault management server

In this paper, we examine the availability requirement for the fault management server in high-availability communication systems. According to our study, we find that the availability of the fault management server does not need to be 99.999% in order to guarantee a 99.999% system availability as long as the fail-safe ratio (the probability that the failure of the fault management server will not bring the system down) and the fault coverage ratio (the probability that the failure in the system can be detected and recovered by the fault management server) are sufficiently high. Tradeoffs can be made among the availability of the fault management server, the fail-safe ratio and the fault coverage ratio to optimize system availability. A cost-effective design for the fault management server is proposed in this paper.
Behavioral Indicators of Client Progress after Spinal Cord Injury

During each day and throughout the life span of the individual, various processes of adaptation lead to the development of a repertoire of behavioral performances in the everyday environment. This repertoire is part of the substance of everyday life and is critical to survival, but it is usually overlooked by the healthy person because it is taken for granted. Onset of a severe physical disability such as spinal cord injury eliminates or alters this repertoire; the person’s major means of coming to terms with the everyday environment are impaired, often drastically.
Perormance of Bred Heifers Fed Various Supplements During Gestation11Article published with the approval of Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stat. as Journal Article No. 03-62-0885.

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of heifers supplemented with various energy-based supplements while consuming a medium-quality warm-season hay during the last trimester of gestation. Trial 1 evaluated the effects of supplements that provided equal levels of CP while providing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3% BW of corn. There were three replicates of each treatment in each of two years. Trial 2 evaluated the effects of supplements that provided equal levels of CP while providing 0, 0.15, or 0.3% BW of corn. Trial 3 evaluated the effects of feeding 1.4 kg of corn, rice bran, or soybean hulls. There was no attempt to correct for different intakes of CP. Heifers received medium-quality bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay free-choice during the supplementation period. There was no effect of increasing the level of corn in Trial 1 or Trial 2 on heifer BW gain during the supplementation period (P>0.13). In addition, supplementation level prior to calving did not affect heifer BW change or condition score of cows from calving until weaning (P>0.11), had no effect on fall conception rates (P>0.43), and had no effect on calf birth BW or weaning BW (P>0.34). In Trial 3, heifers supplemented with corn or soybean hulls gained more BW (9 kg) than those supplemented with rice bran (P=0.003). There was no effect of supplementation on BW change after calving (P>0.45) or on fall pregnancy rates (P=0.62) in Trial 3. In addition, calf birth and weaning BW were not affected (P>0.52) due to supplements fed in Trial 3. Results suggest that increasing the level of supplemental corn from 0 to 0.3% of BW while maintaining equal supplemental CP intake will not improve gestating heifer performance when fed medium-quality hay. The data also indicates that soybean hulls have equal feeding value to corn when fed as a supplement to heifers consuming medium-quality hay.
Integration of T‐DNA binary vector ‘backbone’ sequences into the tobacco genome: evidence for multiple complex patterns of integration

During the process of crown gall tumorigenesis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers part of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid, the T-DNA, to a plant cell where it eventually becomes stably integrated into the plant genome. Directly repeated DNA sequences, called T-DNA borders, define the left and the right ends of the T-DNA. The T-DNA can be physically separated from the remainder of the Ti-plasmid, creating a 'binary vector' system; this system is frequently used to generate transgenic plants. Scientists initially thought that only those sequences located between T-DNA left and right borders transferred to the plant. More recently, however, several reports have appeared describing the integration of the non-T-DNA binary vector 'backbone' sequences into the genome of transgenic plants. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we constructed T-DNA binary vectors containing a nos-nptll gene within the T-DNA and a mas2'-gusA (beta-glucuronidase) gene outside the T-DNA borders. We regenerated kanamycin-resistant transgenic tobacco plants and analyzed these plants for the expression of the vector-localized gusA gene and for the presence of binary vector backbone sequences. Approximately one-fifth of the plants expressed detectable GUS activity. PCR analysis indicated that approximately 75% of the plants contained the gusA gene. Southern blot analysis indicated that the vector backbone sequences could integrate into the tobacco genome linked either to the left or to the right T-DNA border. The vector backbone sequences could also integrate into the plant genome independently of (unlinked to) the T-DNA. Although we could readily detect T-strands containing the T-DNA within the bacterium, we could not detect T-strands containing only the vector backbone sequences or these vector sequences linked to the T-DNA.
Blended Learning Analytics Model for Evaluation (BLAME). Et case-studie af universitetsunderviseres brug af Blackboard

I denne artikel vil vi praesentere en strategi til inddragelse af laeringsanalytik (learning analytics) ved evaluering af universitetsunderviseres brug af et nyt LMS pa Aarhus Universitet: Blackboard. Vi diskuterer en model (BLAME: Blended Learning Analytics Model of Evaluation) for, hvordan kategorisering af kurser og data om laeringsanalytik indsamlet pa Blackboard kan integreres. Endvidere belyser vi, hvilke implikationer en sadan laeringsanalytik kan have for blended learning ved at analysere to forskellige uddannelses-cases/illustrationer. Dernaest diskuterer vi paedagogisk udvikling i forbindelse med evalueringsrapport om underviseres brug af Blackboard som beslutningsstotte for feedback og paedagogisk intervention. Artiklen slutter med en diskussion af, hvordan data til laeringsanalytik bor indsamles i LMS og bruges til afrapportering og undervisningsudvikling.
Twofold Extrusion Reactions

Twofold extrusion reactions are chemical transformations in which two small inorganic molecules or atoms connecting carbon or nitrogen atoms are lost, generating the corresponding carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bonds. These reactions are particularly useful for the preparation of sterically hindered alkenes and imines. The inorganic species liberated in twofold extrusion reactions can be molecular nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, sulfur dioxide, sulfur monoxide, carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. The most common precursors for twofold extrusion reactions are 1,3,4-thiadiazolines, which thermally extrude molecular nitrogen affording thiiranes. These thiiranes can be readily desulfurized to afford the corresponding alkenes using tertiary phosphines. The corresponding 1,3,4-selenadiazolines thermally extrude both molecular nitrogen and atomic selenium directly affording alkenes. Alkenes can also be prepared by formal extrusions of molecular nitrogen plus sulfur dioxide or sulfur monoxide. Extremely sterically hindered imines can be prepared by extrusions of molecular nitrogen and sulfur or selenium from in situ generated heterocyclic precursors. Other less common twofold extrusion reactions are also reported. The detailed preparations of the required precursors for the twofold extrusion reactions as well as the mechanisms of these extrusion processes are discussed in this chapter. The utility of twofold extrusion reactions in the preparations of ‘molecular rotors’ and other extremely sterically hindered alkenes is presented. The steric limitations of the twofold extrusion reactions are discussed along with comparisons of these reactions with other alkene- and imine-forming synthetic methods. The Tabular Survey covers material through the end of 2009. Keywords: Extrusion; twofold extrusion; alkene; imine; 1,3,4-thiadiazolines; 1,3,4-selenadiazolines; [nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, sulfur dioxide, sulfur monoxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (all with extrusion)]; thiocarbonyl ylide; tertiary phosphine; diazo compounds; thiones; selones; sulfenes; selenirane; azines; chelotropic extrusion; Barton-Kellogg reaction; Staudinger-Pfenninger reaction; Schonberg reaction; thiadiazoline-1,1-dioxides; thiirane 1,1-dioxide; thiirane 1-oxide; oxathiolan-4-ones; lead tetraacetate; barium manganate; diselenium dibromide; thiocarbonyl-S-imide; copper powder; photochemical extrusion; flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP); rhodium (II) acetate; 1,3-dithiacyclopentanes; hydrazones; thiaziridine 1,1-dioxides; p-toluenesulfonylhydrazones; 1,2,3-thiadiazolines; alkenes (sterically hindered); imines (sterically hindered); N-sulfonylamines; retrocyclization; iminium salts (sterically hindered); geminal dihalides; nanoscale devices; photonic devices; thiophosgene; O-thioesters; O-selenoesters; enol ethers; dithioesters; thioenol ethers; thionolactones; thioamides; thiolactams; trithiocarbonates; ketene thioacetals; thioacyl halides; thionitroso compounds; thiatriazoline; trimethyl orthoformate; hydrogen sulfide; triphenylphosphoranylidene hydrazones
Partial Characterization of 8 Anti-I-J and 3 Anti-Ia Monoclonal Reagents

The development of hybridoma technology (1) made it possible to produce homogenous antibodies secreted by individual clonal cell lines. There are several advantages in having monoclonal reagents in conjunction with alloantisera: 1) Purity of the reagent 2) one immunized mouse can, theoretically, yield unlimited supply of antibody. The latter is of particular importance to investigators with very limited supply of mice. The extent of availability of alloantisera with restricted specificity, on the other hand, is dictated by the degree of availability of intra-H-2 recombinant lines. We report here the properties of 8 anti I-J and 3 anti-la monoclonal reagents produced by us.
Circadian disruption in women with breast cancer.

CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER Eric Dedert October 22, 2007 Cancer patients show circadian disruption that increases as disease progresses. Disrupted endocrine and activity rhythms predict early metastatic cancer mortality. Effects of psychological versus biological factors on rhythms are unknown, as are potential links between endocrine and sleep disruption, and relevance of disruption in early stage cancer. This study sought to examine the associations of cancer-related intrusions and avoidant coping with circadian cortisol rhythms, assessed with saliva samples, and rest/activity rhythms, assessed with actigraphy. Participants were women who had been recently diagnosed with breast cancer, meaning participants provided data at similar points in the course of diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Between diagnosis and surgical treatment, 45 women with breast cancer completed four days of data collection including daily reports on intrusions (IES intrusion scale) and avoidant coping (Brief COPE avoidant coping subscales), 12 saliva samples (waking, +30 minutes, 16:00 hours, bedtime), and actigraphy recordings. Mean intrusion and avoidant coping scores were calculated. Cortisol EIA assay results were examined for outliers and log-transformed prior to calculation of the diurnal slope. Actigraphy yielded the activity rhythm (autocorrelation coefficient), activity while in bed and out of bed (dichotomy index), and sleep variables. This study was unique in its opportunity to v
Interaction of Inbreeding with Systematic Forces

The systematic forces, selection, mutation, and migration, tend to drive the frequency of a in an infinite population toward some equilibrium value, qe. Introducing finite population size into the population at equilibrium creates sampling variation around qe. The effect in a large population may be minor, and easily recognized as sampling error. But if the population is small, sampling variation may completely obscure the very existence of qe. If, for example, there is strong selection against aa, and a remains in the infinite population only because of recurrent mutation, qe will be very small. In generation t of a large line, qit will be some value close to qe. In a small line, qit may be very large, perhaps even 1; fixation for the allele that is at a selective disadvantage can take place.
Selective targeting of BCL6 induces oncogene addiction switching to BCL2 in B-cell lymphoma

// Thibault Dupont 1, * , ShaoNing Yang 1, * , Jayeshkumar Patel 1 , Katerina Hatzi 1 , Alka Malik 1 , Wayne Tam 3 , Peter Martin 1 , John Leonard 1 , Ari Melnick 1, 2 , Leandro Cerchietti 1 1 Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA 2 Pharmacology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ari Melnick, e-mail: amm2014@med.cornell.edu Leandro Cerchietti, e-mail: Lec2010@med.cornell.edu Keywords: lymphoma, BCL6, BCL2, targeting, resistance Received: July 22, 2015 Accepted: November 21, 2015 Published: December 09, 2015 ABSTRACT The BCL6 oncogene plays a crucial role in sustaining diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) through transcriptional repression of key checkpoint genes. BCL6-targeted therapy kills lymphoma cells by releasing these checkpoints. However BCL6 also directly represses several DLBCL oncogenes such as BCL2 and BCL-XL that promote lymphoma survival. Herein we show that DLBCL cells that survive BCL6-targeted therapy induce a phenomenon of “oncogene-addiction switching” by reactivating BCL2-family dependent anti-apoptotic pathways. Thus, most DLBCL cells require concomitant inhibition of BCL6 and BCL2-family members for effective lymphoma killing. Moreover, in DLBCL cells initially resistant to BH3 mimetic drugs, BCL6 inhibition induces a newly developed reliance on anti-apoptotic BCL2-family members for survival that translates in acquired susceptibility to BH3 mimetic drugs ABT-737 and obatoclax. In germinal center B cell-like (GCB)-DLBCL cells, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the NEDD inhibitor MLN4924 post-transcriptionally activated the BH3-only sensitizer NOXA thus counteracting the oncogenic switch to BCL2 induced by BCL6-targeting. Hence our study indicates that BCL6 inhibition induces an on-target feedback mechanism based on the activation of anti-apoptotic BH3 members. This oncogene-addition switching mechanism was harnessed to develop rational combinatorial therapies for GCB-DLBCL.
Nanoscale Mapping of Dielectric Properties of Nanomaterials from Kilohertz to Megahertz Using Ultrasmall Cantilevers

Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) is often used for nanoscale dielectric spectroscopy, the measurement of local dielectric properties of materials as a function of frequency. However, the frequency range of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based dielectric spectroscopy has been limited to a few kilohertz by the resonance frequency and noise of soft microcantilevers used for this purpose. Here, we boost the frequency range of local dielectric spectroscopy by 3 orders of magnitude from a few kilohertz to a few megahertz by developing a technique that exploits the high resonance frequency and low thermal noise of ultrasmall cantilevers (USCs). We map the frequency response of the real and imaginary components of the capacitance gradient (∂C(ω)/∂z) by using second-harmonic EFM and a theoretical model, which relates cantilever dynamics to the complex dielectric constant. We demonstrate the method by mapping the nanoscale dielectric spectrum of polymer-based materials for organic electronic devices. Beyond offe...
Approximation of Surfaces and Solution of Partial Differential Equations Using B-Splines

B-Spline curves and surfaces are widely used by CAD systems to represent physical models and from which grids can be built for computational fluid dynamics simulations. These B-Spline entities can also be used in conjunction with flow solvers either to represent features in the solution or to discretize the governing equations. In this paper, the primary use of B-Splines is to represent the free surface about viscous hulls in conjunction with the generation quality viscous grids. After developing the tools for such a representation, B-Splines are used to develop a finite element framework using the basis functions for the B-Spline surfaces as the weight and interpolating functions. The evaluation of the resulting integral is simplified because the spatial derivatives of the B-Spline surfaces can be calculated exactly. These codes are tested on a set of algebraic cases where exact agreement is possible and then for actual free surfaces generated from a submerged threedimensional hydrofoil, for the Wigley parabolic hullform and for the prototypical naval destroyer DTMB Model 5415 hullform.
Hepatic Echinococcal Cysts: A Review.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage) of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. E. granulosus are common parasites in certain parts of the world, and are present on every continent with the exception of Antarctica. As a result, a large number of people are affected by CE. The increased emigration of populations from endemic areas where prevalence rates are as high as 5–10% and the relatively quiescent clinical course of CE pose challenges for accurate and timely diagnoses. Upon infection with CE, cyst formation mainly occurs in the liver (70%). Diagnosis involves serum serologic testing for antibodies against hydatid antigens, but preferably with imaging by ultrasound or CT/MRI. Treatment methods include chemotherapy with benzimidazole carbamates and/or surgical approaches, including percutaneous aspiration injection and reaspiration. The success of these methods is influenced by the stage and location of hepatic cysts. However, CE can be clinically silent, and has a high risk for recurrence. It is important to consider the echinococcal parasite in the differential diagnosis of liver cystic lesions, especially in patients of foreign origin, and to perform appropriate long-term follow-ups. The aim of this review is to highlight the epidemiology, natural history, diagnostic methods, and treatment of liver disease caused by E. granulosus.
Abstract 5048: Global microRNA expression array analysis and potential application in discovery of promising drugs for hematologic cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Hematologic cancers, the third most common cause of cancer deaths, will kill ∼50,000 Americans this year. Early diagnosis and innovative treatment has been proposed to result in cure. Bendamustine (BM) is a synthetic drug which is highly effective in broad range of hematologic cancers. The efficacy of the drug is attributed to the ability of the drug to induce apoptosis as well as to inhibit cell cycle. It was highly effective in patients whose disease is refractory to other established drugs. Gambogic acid (GA) is the major active component of gambose, the resin secreted from Garcinia hanburryi which also has strong ability to induce apoptosis as well as inhibit cell cycle. microRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of the gene expression. Neither BM nor GA had been previously reported for their effect on miRNA expression profiles in hematologic or other cancers. We have set up an innovative global miRNA expression analysis array. Using this miRNA expression array, we analysed global expression in leukemia cells in culture treated with or without treatment of MB or GA. Our data showed comparable inhibition of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis by both GA and BM at a dose of GA several folds lower than that of BM. Our data, based on miRNA expression analysis using genome-wide miRNA expression array showed five common miRNAs, found differentially expressed (more than 3 times up or down regulated compared to untreated group with p<0.05) in both GA and BM treated groups. The data is particularly interesting, since these miRNAs have been reported to target and thus modulate expression of proteins of apoptotic pathway and senescence pathway. Out data suggest that drugs that induce apoptosis as well as inhibit cell cycle may have great therapeutic potential in hematologic cancers. Based on our data it appears that the drugs with anticancer properties may affect a common set or sets of miRNAs. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report describing effect of both BM and GA on miRNA expression profile, not in just hematologic cancer but any cancer. Our study provides strong evidence to suggest that specific miRNA expression signature/s of hematologic cancer cells in culture following drug treatment should be further explored to screen promising drugs with higher anticancer properties. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5048. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5048
Blood Glutathione in Mild Diabetes Mellitus Before Treatment and During Sulfonylurea-Induced Hypoglycemia.

Summary1. Blood glucose and reduced glutathione determinations were performed at intervals on 9 non-diabetic patients and on 15 patients with moderately uncontrolled diabetes following oral administration of 3 g of tolbutamide or carbutamide. 2. Mean maximal decrease from fasting blood glucose value was 14% in patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism, and 43% in the diabetic group. 3. In control patients there was no change in glutathione levels during the test period. In diabetic patients a minimal, insignificant rise had occurred 5 hours after ingestion of the hypoglycemic agent. 4. The mean blood reduced glutathione concentration was strikingly lower in patients with diabetes than in those whose carbohydrate metabolism was intact. In 4 patients subnormal values persisted despite restoration of normal fasting blood glucose levels by daily therapeutic doses of tolbutamide.
DIMERIC PENTAPEPTIDE AND TETRAPEPTIDE ENKEPHALINS: NEW TOOLS FOR THE STUDY OF DELTA OPIOID RECEPTORS

AbstractWhen a dimeric ligand can react bivalently, one would expect an increase in affinity, selectivity, and possibly biological activity. On this premise, we have synthesized and characterized two series of dimers, viz.: Dimeric Pentapeptide Enkephalin (DPEn = (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH-)2 · (CH2)n, and Dimeric Tetrapeptide Enkephalin (DTEn) = (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH)2 · (CH2)n, with n = 2, 4, …, 12. These dimers display affinity, activity, and δ/μ selectivity which vary systematically with chain length (n). DPE2 shows a seven-fold increase in affinity for the δ receptor of whole brain and NG108-15 cells, relative to monomer, while its activity for the μ receptor is similar to enkephalin monomers. DTE12 shows a dramatic increase in δ selectivity relative to its monomer. The association rate constant for 3H-DPE2 is increased two-fold and its dissociation rate constant is significantly reduced, relative to monomer. DPE2 shows a loss of affinity in the presence of Na+ or Mn++, while GTP unexpectedly incr...
DETERMINATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS OF DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION FOR Nb BEARING STEELS DURING FLEXIBLE THIN SLAB ROLLING

Dynamic recrystallization of Nb bearing steel during flexible thin slab roiling(FTSR) was investigated by Gleeble-2000 thermal/mechanical simulation tester.From the stress-strain curves of the steels with different deformation temperatures,the model parameters of dynamic recrystallization were obtained.Research results show that with the increase of Nb content,Q_d(activation energy of dynamic recrystallization)increases and the value of Q_d is higher than that of the traditional hot strip rolling.With the increase of Nb content,the values of parameters A and n increase linearly,the value of m decreases linearly and the value of B increases.The calculated and experimental results of recrystallization rate and peak stress are in good agreement.
Urine formation by the malpighian tubules of Calliphora. II. Anions.

1. Rate of urine formation is very sensitive to potassium concentration. 2. Potassium is concentrated in the urine by a mechanism which is independent of other monovalent cations. Rubidium, caesium and sodium are also capable of maintaining a flow of urine. At low external potassium concentrations, sodium stimulates potassium secretion. 3. Rate of urine secretion is stimulated by low osmotic pressures; the osmotic pressure of urine was slightly hypertonic throughout the range of external osmotic pressure employed. Addition of sucrose depresses rate of urine secretion; the potassium concentration of the urine increased by 1 mM/l. for each 2 mM/l. of sucrose added to the bathing medium. 4. Urine formation is insensitive to sulphanilamide, acetazolamide, ouabain and a wide variation of pH. 5. These observations are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that potassium secretion takes place across both surfaces of the cell. The pump on the basal surface may be a coupled sodium-potassium pump, whereas that on the apical surface may be electrogenic. 6. Microvilli at the apical surface or channels formed by a complex infolding of the basal plasma membrane may represent structural devices by which standing osmotic gradients can be established during solute-linked water transport across the cells of Malpighian tubules.
Adapting to Predators in the Publishing Biome: Predatory publishers produce low-quality publications at great cost to both authors and the public, acquiring content largely through deception

As the recipient of the email above, you might be reasonably confused about what you just read, particularly if you skipped over the footnotes. Did ASM just invite you to publish in its Journal of Bacteriology? If not, is ASM sponsoring some sort of new open access journal to build off of its Journal of Bacteriology? Is there some other connection? Unfortunately, misleading solicitations like this one are becoming increasingly common as a new breed of publisher—affectionately dubbed “predatory publishers”—continues to emerge.
Prevention and Intervention Strategies to Address Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment

In order to better understand child maltreatment and to be able to develop useful and effective interventions to prevent child maltreatment, greater understanding of intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment (ITCM) is necessary along with the contexts in which it occurs. This chapter examines specific populations that have been identified who may be at a greater risk of ITCM as well as interventions proposed to interrupt ITCM. Populations such as child welfare involved families may be disproportionally affected by ITCM. Families and individuals experiencing trauma may also be at greater risk. Various interventions have been developed to address the risks associated with child maltreatment and can be adapted to special populations and families affected by or at greater risk of intergenerational maltreatment. The chapter concludes with recommendations for continued rigorous evaluation of intervention and prevention strategies.
Improved formulations of the response matrix doubling equations

Several new formulations of the response matrix doubling technique, which employ the combined use of a coarse and fine angular mesh, have been developed. The fine angular mesh is used to represent particle distributions that are highly anisotropic, while the coarse angular mesh is used for angular distributions that are more nearly isotropic. The fine and coarse mesh distributions are related by nonsquare response matrices. Calculations of transmitted and reflected currents for simple one-speed slab problems indicate that the new formulations can greatly improve the efficiency of response matrix calculations. Reflected currents calculated by using one of the new response matrix formulations were found to be 9 to 40 times more accurate than those obtained from conventional response matrix calculations using comparable computational effort. Improvements in transmitted current calculations were nearly as great. The new formulations also are applicable to more realistic calculations. The results of a multigroup calculation were quite encouraging. For energy-dependent problems, one can use a coarse and fine energy mesh as well as a coarse and fine angular mesh, so the potential for improvement appears to be even greater than for one-speed problems.
Broad spectrum efficacy with LY2969822, an oral prodrug of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747, in rodent pain models

Background and Purpose A body of evidence suggests activation of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors would be an effective analgesic in chronic pain conditions. Thus, the analgesic properties of a novel mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug were investigated. Experimental Approach After oral absorption, the prodrug LY2969822 rapidly converts to the brain penetrant, potent and subtype-selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747. Behavioural assessments of allodynia, hyperalgesia and nocifensive behaviours were determined in preclinical pain models after administration of LY2969822 0.3–10 mg·kg−1. In addition, the ability of i.v. LY2934747 to modulate dorsal horn spinal cord wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats was assessed. Key Results Following treatment with LY2934747, the spontaneous activity and electrically-evoked wind-up of WDR neurons in rats that had undergone spinal nerve ligation and developed mechanical allodynia were suppressed. In a model of sensitization, orally administered LY2969822 prevented the nociceptive behaviours induced by an intraplantar injection of formalin. The on-target nature of this effect was confirmed by blockade with an mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist. LY2969822 prevented capsaicin-induced tactile hypersensitivity, reversed the SNL-induced tactile hypersensitivity and reversed complete Freund's adjuvant – induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug demonstrated efficacy in visceral pain models, including a colorectal distension model and partially prevented the nocifensive behaviours in the mouse acetic acid writhing model. Conclusions and implications Following oral administration of the prodrug LY2969822, the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY2934747 was formed and this attenuated pain behaviours across a broad range of preclinical pain models.
Microscopic Structure of ΔJπ = 1+ Excitations in sd-Shell Nuclei

The subject of this paper is the theoretical structure of even-parity dipole excitations in light nuclei. The defining characteristics of “light” nuclei in the present context are that they have approximately equal numbers of neutrons and protons and that the “active” nucleon orbits needed to describe their structure in the conventional shell-model representation are those of a single, multiply-degenerate, level of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Physical phenomena by which this class of excitations can be experimentally observed include magnetic dipole (Ml) electromagnetic excitations, Gamow-Teller beta decay, radiative meson capture, and hadronically-induced charge-exchange processes such as the (p,n) reaction.
Affective Domain Research in the Planetarium

Perhaps the most basic question planetarium education researchers are interested in can be simply summarized as, “Does visiting a planetarium make any difference?” In this context, the word difference can take on many different meanings.
In Vivo Structure–Activity Relationships and Optimization of an Unnatural Base Pair for Replication in a Semi-Synthetic Organism

In an effort to expand the genetic alphabet and create semi-synthetic organisms (SSOs) that store and retrieve increased information, we have developed the unnatural base pairs (UBPs) dNaM and d5SICS or dTPT3 (dNaM-d5SICS and dNaM-dTPT3). The UBPs form based on hydrophobic and packing forces, as opposed to complementary hydrogen bonding, and while they are both retained within the in vivo environment of an Escherichia coli SSO, their development was based on structure–activity relationship (SAR) data generated in vitro. To address the likely possibility of different requirements of the in vivo environment, we screened 135 candidate UBPs for optimal performance in the SSO. Interestingly, we find that in vivo SARs differ from those collected in vitro, and most importantly, we identify four UBPs whose retention in the DNA of the SSO is higher than that of dNaM-dTPT3, which was previously the most promising UBP identified. The identification of these four UBPs further demonstrates that when optimized, hydroph...
The Future of IR and Decision Support: Ensuring a Seat at the Table

The volume of data, fast-changing technology, and the diverse student population require orchestrated collaboration with campus colleagues and with IR in a central and authoritative position. Due to current organizational practices and stakeholder expectations, particularly in the US, IR leaders should remain central to senior leader discussions because of their skills in data knowledge and context. Following a brief summary of key points from previous chapters, discussion in this chapter also proposes that the ‘Federated’ model for distribution of data, in its purest form, will not serve to build the capacity of IR but instead diminish its perceived and real value. A variety of professional development offerings related to IR activities are available and more need to be developed. Knowledgeable, skilled IR leaders who possess a high level of organizational intelligence serve their institution well, and in doing so, should strive to have a seat at the table.
SIESTA: enhancing searches for optimal supertrees and species trees.

Many supertree estimation and multi-locus species tree estimation methods compute trees by combining trees on subsets of the species set based on some NP-hard optimization criterion. A recent approach to computing large trees has been to constrain the search space by defining a set of “allowed bipartitions”, and then use dynamic programming to find provably optimal solutions in polynomial time. Several phylogenomic estimation methods, such as ASTRAL, the MDC algorithm in PhyloNet, FastRFS, and ALE, use this approach. We present SIESTA, a method that can be combined with these dynamic programming algorithms to return a data structure that compactly represents all the optimal trees in the search space. As a result, SIESTA provides multiple capabilities, including: (1) counting the number of optimal trees, (2) calculating consensus trees, (3) generating a random optimal tree, and (4) annotating branches in a given optimal tree by the proportion of optimal trees it appears in. SIESTA improves the accuracy of FastRFS and ASTRAL, and is a general technique for enhancing dynamic programming methods for constrained optimization.
Community Development Banks: An Idea in Search of Substance

(1993). Community Development Banks: An Idea in Search of Substance. Challenge: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 33-42.
Live-cell Microarrays for High Throughput Screening Applications

s3-3 A “living microarray” technology has been developed to enable high throughput screening and analysis of bacterial and mammalian cells. This novel approach augments traditional microarray technology which has been extensively used to study proteins and nucleic acids. Our living microarray utilizes micro-scale “quill-pen” cantilevers to transfer living cells onto a wide variety of surfaces. In contrast with existing cell deposition methods, such as ink jet or laser ablation, the quill-pen approach imparts minimal thermal and shear stress to cells, preserving cell viability and biological functionality. Cell viability and proliferation has been evaluated, demonstrating the feasibility of this printing method and its compatibility with a wide range of cell types. These living arrays have applications for cell-based screening assays, tissue engineering, cell signaling studies, and for directly interfacing cells with nanodevices and biosensors.
Dose–Response Relationship

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Samantha E. Gad, volume 2, pp 95–98, © 2005, Elsevier Inc.
A Hard Day’s Night: Cyanobacteria in Diel Cycles

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that are influential in global geochemistry and are promising candidates for industrial applications. Because the livelihood of cyanobacteria is directly dependent upon light, a comprehensive understanding of metabolism in these organisms requires taking into account the effects of day–night transitions and circadian regulation. These events synchronize intracellular processes with the solar day. Accordingly, metabolism is controlled and structured differently in cyanobacteria than in heterotrophic bacteria. Thus, the approaches applied to engineering heterotrophic bacteria will need to be revised for the cyanobacterial chassis. Here, we summarize important findings related to diurnal metabolism in cyanobacteria and present open questions in the field.
Optimization of acid fracturing for a tight carbonate reservoir

Abstract In this study, acid fracturing treatments were simulated for a tight limestone reservoir within a shale formation using FRACPRO software. The purpose was to investigate the optimum acid fracturing design that leads to a higher fracture etched length and width, and higher fracture conductivity. Moreover, the impact of the rock-acid contact time and whether to consider a post-flush or fluids flowback, on the acid fracturing outcomes were also investigated. A simple geological model was constructed which consists of different lithological layers. Different acid fracturing design scenarios were considered starting from a single stage of acid injection to multi-stage treatment. In multi-stage acid treatment, alternate acid-slickwater injection was considered. Plain HCl acids with different concentrations and other acids that are already included in FRACPRO database were used. The results showed that the acid loss during post-flush is among the main problems of the acid fracturing in tight carbonate shale reservoir. For the single stage of acid injection, it is recommended to flow back the acid after well shut-in instead of considering a post-flush stage. The multi-stage alternate acid slickwater injection reduces or even eliminated the acid loss. However, it is recommended to inject a slickwater before well shut-in to reduce the rock-acid contact time, thus reducing the formation damage. The results also showed that the created fracture etched width decreases and the fracture etched length increases as the fracturing stages increase. In this study, because of the low carbonate layer permeability and compressive strength, a two-stage alternate 28% HCl and slickwater injection with a post-flush stage is recommended.
Evaluation of objective and subjective clinical outcomes in combat veterans with and without mild TBI and PTSD: A four-group design.

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent comorbid conditions in military Veterans. However, lack of appropriate comparison grou...
Using Opioid Settlement Proceeds for Public Health: Lessons from the Tobacco Experience

State, county, and city governments across the country have filed hundreds of lawsuits against opioid manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. The odds are high that these lawsuits will culminate in a “global settlement agreement” that requires the defendants to pay billions of dollars to states and localities that have been harmed by the opioid epidemic. Though much of that money will—and should—be spent to reimburse communities for opioid-related costs they have already incurred, such a settlement would also provide a tremendous opportunity to strengthen the nation’s public health system infrastructure in order to better protect against future public health challenges. The experience of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) with the major tobacco companies, however, suggests that setting aside funds for public health will not be easy. This article reviews the history of how states spent their MSA funds, with a focus on the efforts of public health advocates to ensure that some portion of the funds were spent on tobacco prevention and cessation. These efforts were, in many cases, successful in the short term, but they were not sustained over time. This article will summarize lessons learned from the MSA experience that can be applied to a potential opioid settlement agreement.
Intimate partner violence in neighborhood context: The roles of structural disadvantage, subjective disorder, and emotional distress.

Most theoretical treatments of intimate partner violence (IPV) focus on individual-level processes. Some researchers have attempted to situate IPV within the larger neighborhood context, but few studies have sought to link structural- and individual-level factors. The current analyses fill a research gap by examining the role of anger and depression in the association between neighborhood disadvantage and IPV. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) and the 2000 Census, this study focuses on structural indicators of disadvantage as well as subjective disorder, and highlights the complex associations between neighborhood conditions, emotional distress, and IPV. Findings indicate that anger and depressive symptoms partially explain the association between neighborhood disadvantage and IPV. Additionally, the associations between disadvantage, disorder, and IPV depend on respondent’s level of anger. Results underscore the need to further consider the role of neighborhood factors (both objective and subjective) in relation to IPV, and also suggest the utility of introducing individual-level emotional measures to assess the circumstances under which neighborhoods matter most.
Does complexity relate to compensation? A comparison of relative value units in initial versus recurrent inguinal hernia repair

Work relative value units (wRVUs) can be used as a compensation model based on the effort required for providing a service and helps to determine adequate compensation for physicians. Thus, more complex surgical procedures that require greater technical skills and time should yield greater compensation. There are limited data comparing wRVUs and operative times within common general surgery procedures such as inguinal hernia repair. This study aims to compare mean operative times and wRVUs per minute between primary and recurrent inguinal hernia repairs, the latter being considered as a more difficult procedure to perform. A retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was performed to identify all patients undergoing primary inguinal hernia repair and recurrent inguinal hernia repair by general surgeons over a 6-year period (2012–2017). Calculation and comparison of mean operative times, wRVUs, and wRVU per minute were performed. A total of 134,391 patients were included in the analysis. 121,235 underwent primary inguinal repair and 13,156 patients underwent repair of recurrent inguinal hernia. Patients were distributed within open/reducible, open/incarcerated and laparoscopy groups. Mean operative time and RVUs were greater for recurrent inguinal procedures (p < 0.0001). Consistently, RVU per minute was also found to be higher for recurrent procedures within the different groups analyzed. Appropriately, general surgeons are reimbursed at a higher rate per minute in recurrent cases, regardless of the technique used.