cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship of inferior ST depression, lateral ST elevation, and left precordial ST elevation to myocardium at risk in acute anterior myocardial infarction☆

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence or absence of ST segment depression in inferior leads (II, III, and aVF) and ST segment elevation in lateral (I and aVL) or left precordial (V5 and V6) leads with the amount and location of myocardium at risk for infarction in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Forty-three patients with anterior infarctions were injected with technetium 99m-sestamibi when they were first seen and underwent tomographic imaging to measure the amount and location of myocardium at risk. Patients with inferior ST depression (n = 10) compared with those without ST depression (n = 33) had perfusion defects that extended significantly further into the lateral wall (47 degrees vs 20 degrees, p = 0.04) and larger anterior injury vectors (6.47 vs 4.92, p = 0.008). There was no significant association with the percentage of myocardium at risk, disease of the right coronary artery, the presence of an inferior perfusion defect, or the size of the inferior injury vector. Among the patients with ST elevation in lateral leads (n = 16) compared with those without (n = 27), there was a significantly more lateral defect border (47 degrees vs 25 degrees, p = 0.007) and a larger anterior injury vector (6.07 vs 4.81, p = 0.01). There was no significant correlation with the percentage of myocardium at risk. A significant relationship could not be demonstrated between the presence of ST elevation in the left precordial leads and any measure of the amount or location of myocardium at risk. These data support the theory that inferior ST depression in patients with transmural anterior ischemia is a "reciprocal" finding and does not represent inferior ischemia. The presence of inferior ST depression or lateral ST elevation is associated with a more lateral perfusion defect. Neither of these ECG findings is associated with the amount of myocardium at risk for infarction.
Development of a rugged HPGe detector

Abstract A rugged HPGe detector capable of taking high resolution data in a vibrational environment has been developed. The objectives included a detector with 35% gamma efficiency and 1.90 keV energy resolution (both quantities measured at 1332.5 keV), a dewar with a capacity of 1.2 l and a hold time of 24 h. Results of vibration tests performed on large HPGe detectors hard mounted on a shake table were used to guide detector modifications in this program. Severe resonances were found in the low frequency region for transverse vibrations for commercial hand-held detectors. These were eliminated in a redesigned rugged detector with a stiffened dewar and a solid cold finger. This detector with a further improved dewar has a hold time of nearly 40 h and a better performance in a vibrational environment. To fabricate rugged detectors, crucial components in the dewar-cryostat arrangement must be stiffened and all components mounted securely.
Rotary blood pump control using integrated inlet pressure sensor

Due to improved reliability and reduced risk of thromboembolic events, continuous flow left ventricular assist devices are being used more commonly as a long term treatment for end-stage heart failure. As more and more patients with these devices are leaving the hospital, a reliable control system is needed that can adjust pump support in response to changes in physiologic demand. An inlet pressure sensor has been developed that can be integrated with existing assist devices. A control system has been designed to adjust pump speed based on peak-to-peak changes in inlet pressure. The inlet pressure sensor and control system have been tested with the HeartMate II axial flow blood pump using a mock circulatory loop and an active left ventricle model. The closed loop control system increased total systemic flow and reduced ventricular load following a change in preload as compared to fixed speed control. The increase in systemic flow occurred under all operating conditions, and maximum unloading occurred in the case of reduced ventricular contractility.
Contributions of Spin-Lattice Relaxation to the Echo Decay of Planar Cu in High-Temperature Superconductors

Abstract Measurement of T 2G , the Gaussian component of the spin-echo envelope of planar Cu nuclei in high-temperature superconductors, gives important information about the real part of the Cu electron spin susceptibility. In the traditional picture of the planar Cu echo decay, the internuclear coupling is assumed to remain static with respect to spin–lattice relaxation and mutual exchange fluctuations. In some circumstances, however, this assumption breaks down. We calculate the internuclear corrections arising from spin–lattice relaxation to the conventional theory of T 2G and show that T 2G can be easily corrected for these effects. We argue that mutual exchanges due to the perpendicular indirect couplings are suppressed in these materials. For YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 , we find a correction on the order of 10% in T 2G and using the corrected values we find that the isotope ratio 63 T 2G / 65 T 2G agrees with theory.
Speed of sound close to the critical solution point of (tetrachloromethane+tetradecafluoromethylcyclohexane)

Abstract The speed of sound, measured by a pulse-echo-overlap method, was determined for {(1 − x)CCL 4 + xc -C 6 F 11 CF 3 } along several paths close to the critical solution point. Determinations along the coexistence curve, where x exceeds the critical mole fraction, were carried out for nine different frequencies from 2.21 to 3.05 MHz. Evaluation of the critical exponent β from the results was investigated.
The effect of age on the rate of fluorine deposition in the femur of the rat.

Abstract The rate and extent of skeletal fluorine retention in the rat has been shown to be inversely correlated with age. Two distinct phases of fluorine deposition were apparent: a rapid retention extending over a few days which is attributed to the ionic exchange of fluoride with the hydroxyapatite system, and a slower phase continuing for the remainder of the experiment which was postulated to be due to the appearance of new exchangeable sites by recrystallization and by osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity.
Her2 activation mechanism reflects evolutionary preservation of asymmetric ectodomain dimers in the human EGFR family

ErbB proteins are found in most multi-cellular organisms, and are involved in the regulation of a number of important cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Humans have four ErbB proteins, which span the plasma membrane of cells. These proteins respond to interactions with molecules outside the cell—such as growth factors and hormones—by sending signals along the appropriate signaling pathway within the cell. ErbB proteins have three portions: an ectodomain that extends outside the cell; a single helix that spans the membrane; and a cytoplasmic domain inside the cell. When a signaling ligand molecule outside the cell binds to the ectodomain of an ErbB protein, this protein must then combine with another ErbB protein to form a dimer before a signal can be sent within the cell. These dimers can include two copies of the same ErbB protein or two different ErbB proteins. However, one of the ErbB proteins—Her2—works in a different way. It cannot bind ligands outside the cell, and it can only send a signal within the cell if it first forms a dimer with an ErbB protein of another type, which itself must be bound to an external ligand. The four ErbB proteins diverged from a common ancestor relatively recently, yet they are now diverse enough to play key roles in a variety of complex signaling networks. In particular, the fact that Her2 cannot bind external ligands, and that it must form a dimer with a different ErbB protein before it can send a signal, has led to suggestions that the role of Her2 is to amplify the signals from other ErbB proteins. Since high levels of Her2 are associated with aggressive forms of breast and ovarian cancer, understanding how it is activated could improve our understanding of these cancers. Arkhipov et al. have now used computer simulations to model how Her2 forms dimers with other ErbB proteins in human cells. They based these simulations on crystal structures of human ErbB proteins and dEGFR, a growth-factor receptor found in fruit flies that closely resembles the ErbB proteins found in humans. They found that the dimers were stable as long as one protein within the dimer was bound to a ligand. Removing this ligand, however, distorted the ectodomain of the host protein, creating a gap that weakened the dimer and prevented Her2 from sending a signal within the cell. Similar results were obtained with the fruit fly dEGFR proteins. These simulations suggest that ErbB proteins form dimers and send signals through a mechanism conserved in evolution. Research in this field might help ongoing efforts to develop new treatments for human tumors characterized by high levels of Her2 expression.
Secularism and modernity: alienation and the renewal of values in political Islam

In recent years, the West and Islam have often been characterized as polar opposites. The secularism of the West is seen as modern and forward‐looking, whereas Islamic ideas have been portrayed as idealizing a fossilized past and unresponsive to change. Such depictions reduce a complex relationship between the West and Islam to a cartoon‐like “clash of civilizations” and ignore the convergences and divergences between them and the extent to which each responds to questions the other raises. This article explores the modern account of secularism as it emerges in the work of John Locke and reads it through the writings of an earlier generation of Islamic liberal reformers and Sayyid Qutb, a leading thinker in political Islam, in an attempt to complicate the discourses of both the secular and the modern. The article focuses on Qutb’s diagnosis of the alienation engendered in the modern world by secular reforms and his arguments for a renewal based on a distinctive Islamic identity. In doing so, it aims to co...
Detecting collaboration from behavior

This paper describes a method for inferring when a person might be coordinating with others based on their behavior. We show that, in Wikipedia, editing behavior is more random when coordinating with others. We analyzed this using both entropy and conditional entropy. These algorithms rely only on timestamped events associated with entities, making them broadly applicable to other domains. In this paper, we will discuss previous research on this topic, how we adapted that research to the problem ofWikipedia edit behavior, describe how we extended it, and discuss our results.
MBP-SF, a prominent serum factor in suckling Lewis rats that additively inhibits the primary binding of myelin basic protein (MBP) to syngeneic anti-MBP antibodies.

MBP-SF† is a serum factor in suckling Lewis rats that additively inhibits the binding of125I-labeled and unlabeled myelin basic protein (MBP) to syngeneic Lewis rat anti-MBP antibodies. It can be detected and measured by 4 different methods of immunological inhibition analysis involving 2 different approaches to radioimmunoassay (salting-out with sodium sulfate, precipitation with rabbit anti-rat immunoglobulin light chain). Thus. MBP-SF contains all the determinants of Lewis rat MBP that are reactive with syngeneic anti-MBP antibodies. Analyses of 47 pools of suckling and control serums, drawn from many different litters at different times, indicate a general rise in activity to a mean peak value of 14ng/μl within 2 weeks after birth. The serum factor is still present in weanling rats but decreases to insignificant levels by the 6th postnatal week. In the pooled serum of one litter 12 ng MBP-SF/μl were present at birth before suckling began. There are at least three hypotheses which can account for the presence of MBP-SF: the factor may (A) represent MBP that is synthesized in excess over that required for the expanding myelin “sink” during the postnatal period; (B) comprise only those peptide regions of MBP whose determinants are involved in humoral immunity: or (C) consist of proteins or peptides of non-neural origin that share the MBP determinants involved in humoral immunity. Regardless of which hypothesis is correct, the cross-reaction of MBP-SF with anti-MBP. coupled with its prominence in early postnatal development, would seem to suggest that it may act as a circulating immunoregulatory molecule or endogenous autoneurotolerogen for humoral immunity to MBP determinants.
Justification for an abbreviated protocol in the management of blunt spleen and liver injury in children

Abstract Objective(s) The current management of blunt spleen/liver injury in children requires a number of days of bed rest equal to the grade of injury plus 1. This protocol is used even when there is no clinical indication of ongoing bleeding. To establish a prospective protocol with an abbreviated period of bed rest, we conducted a retrospective review of our blunt spleen and liver trauma experience to examine the safety of such an attenuated protocol. Methods A retrospective analysis of our most recent 10-year experience (January 1996 to December 2005) with blunt spleen or liver injury was performed. Patient demographics, vital signs, hemoglobin levels, need for transfusion, operations, and outcomes were measured. An abbreviated protocol using 1 night of bed rest for grades 1 and 2 injuries and 2 nights of bed rest for higher grades was designed. This protocol was then applied to our patient population to assess its safety. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Results During the study period, 243 patients were admitted with blunt spleen and/or liver injury. The mean patient age was 9.0 ± 4.6 years, and the mean weight was 35.3 ± 19.3 kg. Sixty-three percent were male. The spleen was injured in 148 (61.2%) patients and the liver in 121 (50.0%), and 26 (10.6%) had both. The mean grade was 2.0 ± 1.1, for which the mean bed rest was 3.5 ± 1.1 days. This resulted in 5.6 ± 6.5 days of hospitalization. There were 9 patients who died, 7 with severe brain injury and 2 with massive liver hemorrhage on presentation. No patient required an operation or transfusion after 2 nights of observation who did not have clinically obvious signs of ongoing blood loss. Implementation of the abbreviated protocol would have affected 65.8% of our patients and would have saved a mean of 2.0 ± 1.5 hospital days per patient. Conclusions According to our data, an abbreviated trauma protocol with overnight bed rest for grades 1 and 2 injuries and 2 nights for higher grades could be safely used. This protocol would immensely improve current resource use. Based on these retrospectively collected data, we have initiated a prospective consecutive controlled series to assess the safety of such an attenuated protocol.
A social capital approach to improving public relations efficacy: Diagnosing internal constraints on external communication

This article extends Heath's (2006) concept of fully functioning society theory (FFS) and argues that public relations can be used as a force to enhance collective social capital in communities. To serve this purpose, however, the effectiveness of an organization to serve its external publics is often dependent on the status and relationships the public relations function has developed within the organization. This paper provides a network analysis of a government agency in Jordan that illustrates the relationship between internal organizational social capital and the potential problems for establishing external relationships with publics. Implications for public relations research methods and theory are also discussed.
Thoughts on k-anonymization

k-Anonymity is a method for providing privacy protection by ensuring that data cannot be traced to an individual. In a k-anonymous dataset, any identifying information occurs in at least k tuples. To achieve optimal and practical k-anonymity, recently, many different kinds of algorithms with various assumptions and restrictions have been proposed with different metrics to measure quality. This paper evaluates a family of clustering-based algorithms that are more flexible and even attempts to improve precision by ignoring the restrictions of user-defined Domain Generalization Hierarchies. The evaluation of the new approaches with respect to cost metrics shows that metrics may behave differently with different algorithms and may not correlate with some applications' accuracy on output data.
Surface amplification of invasive cleavage products.

A major focus of current efforts in genomics is to elucidate the genetic variations extent within the human population, and to study the effects of these variations upon the human system. The most common type of genetic variations are the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which occur every 500−1000 nt in the genome. Large-scale population association studies to study the biological or medical significance of such variations may require the analysis of hundreds of thousands of SNPs on thousands of individuals. We are pursuing development of an approach to large-scale SNP analysis that combines the specificity of invasive cleavage reactions with the parallelism of high density DNA arrays. A surface-immobilized probe oligonucleotide is specifically cleaved in the presence of a complementary target sequence in unamplified human genomic DNA, yielding a 5‘ phosphate group. High sensitivity detection of this reaction product on the surface is achieved by the use of rolling circle amplification, with an app...
Theoretical Calculation of the Interaction of Hydrogen with Models of Coordinatively Unsaturated Centers on Alumina

Ab initio calculations with large basis sets and electron correlation were conducted on the reaction of hydrogen molecules with (HO)3Al(OH2)x clusters, where x = 0, 1, and 2. In this way, the reactivity of Al(III) species was studied as a function of their level of coordinative unsaturation. For the tricoordinated species, the geometry of the starting cluster was obtained by the optimization of the species (HO)3Al(OH 2)x+1 and removal of the extra water molecule, on the basis of idea that aluminum oxide surfaces are formed by calcination of hydrated forms. Two models, one assuming rigidity and the other allowing for flexibility of the tricoordinated aluminum center, were examined. The complexes with physisorbed and chemisorbed hydrogen were optimized in the same way. The reactions of tetra- and pentacoordinated aluminum clusters were studied without any constraints on the geometry. The calculations predicted the hydrogen chemisorption to be endothermic in all cases, the order being E(x = 0) < E(x = 1) < E...
A new metal–organic structure with alternating one-dimensional serpentine ribbon chains and two-dimensional layer networks of different topology

Alternating one-dimensional serpentine ribbon and two-dimensional layer networks have been found in [Cu(DPA)CO3]·3H2O. The serpentine ribbon network consists of hydrogen-bonded pentagons formed from well-ordered water molecules, whereas the two-dimensional layer displays bifunctional 2,2′-dipyridylamine-linked zigzag inorganic chains of copper(II) carbonate.
K-epsilon turbulence model assessment with reduced numerical diffusion for coaxial jets

A numerical study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of the k-epsilon turbulence model for axisymmetric, unconfined, swirling, and nonswirling coaxial jet flows. Two lower order schemes, hybrid and power-law, and two higher order schemes, flux-spline and bounded skew upwind differencing, were employed in this investigation. The predicted results indicate that the higher order numerical schemes have greater potential for future model improvements and complex flow calculations in terms of storage, accuracy, and execution time. For the nonswirling flow, computations using an algebraic stress model have also been presented.
Onychomycosis in a 10-week-old infant.

To the Editor.— Onychomycosis, due to dermatophytes orCandidaspecies, represents 40% of all nail disorders, and comprises 30% of all mycotic skin infections.1,2The rarity of onychomycosis in children has been attributed to faster linear nail growth with subsequent elimination of the fungus. Nail involvement withCandida albicans3andTrichophyton rubrum4have been reported. We present the case of a 10-week-old white female infant who presented with probableCandidaonychomycosis. Report of a Case.— A 10-week-old white female infant was evaluated for dystrophic fingernails. She was the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, and at 2 weeks of age, her mother first noticed the nail changes. There was no family history of psoriasis, Darier's disease, pachyonychia congenita, or lichen planus. The infant was born to parents with no known risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection, thus testing of the infant was not addressed. Examination
A Metaphysics for the Mob: The Philosophy of George Berkeley

John Russell Roberts: A Metaphysics for the Mob: The Philosophy of George Berkeley, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007, 200 pp. £32.99. ISBN 0195313933 In his introduction, John Russell Robert...
Adsorption of Supercritical Fluids and Fluid Mixtures: Inhomogeneous Integral Equation Study†

A microscopic statistical mechanical theory of adsorption of supercritical fluids and fluid mixtures on solid surfaces is presented. The fluid density profiles are obtained from the inhomogeneous integral equation theory. The theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations and to provide substantial improvement over the integral equation theory formulated for homogeneous fluids. A quantitative comparison of theory with the experimental data on the surface excess of supercritical argon and krypton on graphite is presented, and the theory is found to be in good agreement with experiment. In addition, model calculations of adsorption from fluid mixtures are carried out, and the phenomenon of preferential adsorption is discussed.
Invited: Computational behavioral ecology

Computation has fundamentally changed the way we study nature. Recent advances in data collection technology, such as GPS and other mobile sensors, high definition cameras, satellite images, and genotyping, are giving biologists access to data about the natural world which are orders of magnitude richer than any previously collected. Such data offer the promise of answering some of the big questions about why animals do what they do, among other things. Unfortunately, in this domain, our ability to analyze data lags substantially behind our ability to collect it. In this talk I will show how computational approaches can be part of every stage of the scientific process of understanding animal sociality, from data collection (identifying individual zebras from photographs by stripes) to hypothesis formulation (by designing a novel computational framework for analysis of dynamic social networks).
Use of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography to determine the directional polarization sensitivity of articular cartilage and meniscus

The directional polarization sensitivity of articular cartilage and meniscus is investigated by use of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) by varying the angle of incident illumination. Experimental results show that when the incident light is perpendicular to the tissue surface, normal articular cartilage demonstrates little polarization sensitivity, while meniscus demonstrates strong polarization sensitivity. Differences in optical phase retardation produced by articular cartilage and meniscus are observed when the incident angle of the scanning light beam is adjusted between 0 and 90 deg relative to the tissue surface. Directional polarization sensitivity of articular cartilage and meniscus as obtained by PS-OCT imaging using variations in the angle of incident illumination can be used to assess the orientation and organization of the collagen matrix of these tissues. The polarization sensitivity as evidenced by the Stokes vector and optical phase retardation images can be explained by the orientation of the angle of illumination relative to the unique structural organization of the collagen fibrils and fibers of articular cartilage and meniscus.
Benefits of using ATE systems in the testing of printed circuit boards

An industrial-based pragmatic review is given of the economic and product-quality consequences of automatic test equipment (ATE) usage in printed circuit-board testing. Results indicated that the use of ATE systems in printed circuit-board test operations results in definable economic and quality-level benefits. Supporting data behind this conclusion was provided by the test operations at twenty industrial companies. The majority of these companies realized both economic savings and quality improvements with their ATE systems. Productivity and/or labor cost reductions in test operations caused substantial economic savings for the companies. Quality improvements were more difficult to quantify; however, there was general agreement that ATE systems allowed boards to be more thoroughly tested than was previously possible. >
The Phoenix Processor: A 30pW platform for sensor applications

An integrated platform for sensor applications, called the Phoenix Processor, is implemented in a carefully-selected 0.18 mum process with an area of 915 times 915 mum2, making on-die battery integration feasible. Phoenix uses a comprehensive sleep strategy with a unique power gating approach, an event-driven CPU with compact ISA, data memory compression, a custom low leakage memory cell, and adaptive leakage management in data memory. Measurements show that Phoenix consumes 29.6 pW in sleep mode and 2.8 pJ/cycle in active mode.
In vivo carotid plaque stiffness measurements with ARFI ultrasound in endarterectomy patients

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound is an elasticity imaging technique that has the potential to identify vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. Previous studies have shown that regions of high ARFI-induced displacement correspond to lipid/necrotic areas in plaques, whereas regions of low displacement correspond with fibrotic/calcified areas. In this work, we continue our analysis of ARFI images captured from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. ARFI imaging of carotid plaque was performed prior to surgery, and extracted specimens were histologically processed and matched to the ultrasound imaging plane. ARFI images and histological slides were annotated independently for various features including necrotic core, calcification, fibrosis and fibrous cap, and wide hemorrhage. Results are presented for a number of advanced plaque types (Va, Vb, and VI), and ARFI-derived fibrous cap thickness measurements are compared quantitatively to histology. Results suggest ARFI is capable of measuring fibrous cap thickness with a mean positive bias of 0.09 ± 0.12 mm, and may be capable of identifying ruptured plaque.
Supplementation with goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not kava kava (Piper methysticum), inhibits human CYP3A activity in vivo

The effects of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum) supplementation on human CYP3A activity were evaluated using midazolam (MDZ) as a phenotypic probe. Sixteen healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either goldenseal or kava kava for 14 days. Each supplementation phase was followed by a 30-day washout period. MDZ (8 mg, per os) was administered before and after each phase, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using standard non-compartmental methods. Comparisons of pre- and post-supplementation MDZ pharmacokinetic parameters revealed significant inhibition of CYP3A by goldenseal (AUC(0-infinity), 107.9+/-43.3 vs 175.3+/-74.8 ng x h/ml; Cl/F/kg, 1.26+/-0.59 vs 0.81+/-0.45 l/h/kg; T(1/2), 2.01+/-0.42 vs 3.15+/-1.12 h; Cmax, 50.6+/-26.9 vs 71.2+/-50.5 ng/ml). MDZ disposition was not affected by kava kava supplementation. These findings suggest that significant herb-drug interactions may result from the concomitant ingestion of goldenseal and CYP3A substrates.
Protein Profiling with Cleavable Isotope-coded Affinity Tag (cICAT) Reagents The Yeast Salinity Stress Response

Protein expression profiles in yeast cells, in response to salinity stress, were determined using the cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag (cICAT) labeling strategy. The analysis included separation of the mixed protein samples by SDS-PAGE, followed by excision of the entire gel lane, and division of the lane into 14 gel regions. Regions were subjected to in-gel digestion, biotin affinity chromatography, and analysis by nano-scale microcapillary liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The novel 13C-labeled ICAT reagents have identical elution profiles for labeled peptide pairs and broadly spread the distribution of labeled peptides during reversed-phase chromatography. A total of 560 proteins were identified and quantified, with 51 displaying more than 2-fold expression differences. In addition to some known proteins involved in salt stress, four RNA-binding proteins were found to be up-regulated by high salinity, suggesting that selective RNA export from the nucleus is important for the salt-stress response. Some proteins involved in amino acid synthesis, which have been observed to be up-regulated by amino acid starvation, were also found to increase their abundance on salt stress. These results indicate that salt stress and amino acid starvation cause overlapping cellular responses and are likely to be physiologically linked.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Universal Postnatal Nurse Home Visiting: Impact on Emergency Care

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although nurse home visiting has proven efficacious with small samples, scaling up to community populations with diverse families has not yet proven effective. The Durham Connects program was developed in collaboration with community leaders as a brief, universal, postnatal nurse home visiting intervention designed to screen for risk, provide brief intervention, and connect families with more intensive evidence-based services as needed. This study tested program effectiveness in reducing infant emergency medical care between birth and age 12 months. METHODS: All 4777 resident births in Durham, North Carolina across 18 months were randomly assigned, with even birth date families to intervention and odd birth date families to control. Intervention families were offered 3 to 7 contacts between 3 and 12 weeks after birth to assess family needs and connect parents with community resources to improve infant health and well-being. Hospital records were analyzed by using an intent-to-treat design to evaluate impact among a representative subset of 549 families. RESULTS: After demographic factors (ie, birth risk, Medicaid status, ethnicity, and single parenthood) were covaried, relative to control families, families assigned to intervention had 50% less total emergency medical care use (mean [M] emergency department visits and hospital overnights) (Mintervention = 0.78 and Mcontrol = 1.57; P < .001, effect size = 0.28) across the first 12 months of life. CONCLUSIONS: This brief, universal, postnatal nurse home visiting program improves population-level infant health care outcomes for the first 12 months of life. Nurse home visiting can be implemented universally at high fidelity with positive impacts on infant emergency health care that are similar to those of longer, more intensive home visiting programs. This approach offers a novel solution to the paradox of targeting by offering individually tailored intervention while achieving population-level impact. * Abbreviations: DC — : Durham Connects ED — : emergency department M — : mean RCT — : randomized controlled trial
Efficient hydration of alkynes through acid-assisted Brønsted acid catalysis

The combined acid catalyzed hydration of alkynes is an efficient one-step synthesis of carbonyl compounds. This atom-economical method is effective with a wide range of substrates, and the products are obtained in very good yields with low catalyst loading (0.2%). Furthermore, solid acids like Nafion were also efficient and could be easily recycled multiple times without loss of reactivity.
What do you mean by a solution to an operator equation (electromagnetic problems)

It is demonstrated that even the simplest integral equation in electromagnetics does not provide a numerically stable solution. The instability is not in the computation process but with the operator itself. Hence, when dealing with an ill-posed operator, the comparison of various entities such as error in the solution or in the residuals, for such problems has to be performed subjectively and not objectively. This makes code validation a rather difficult problem as there is no fixed guide to get the datum for an arbitrary problem. >
Amorphous silicon position sensitive neutron detector

An investigation of the possibility of using a-Si:H diode coated with an appropriate converter as a position-sensitive neutron detector is presented. Monte Carlo simulation predicts that, using a Gd film approximately 2- mu m thick, coated on a sufficiently thick amorphous silicon n-i-p diode, one can achieve a neutron detection efficiency of 25%. The experimental results presented give an average signal size of about 12000 e/sup -/ per neutron interaction, which is well above the noise and is in good agreement with the expected values. One can also fabricate pixel detectors with an element size as small as 300 mu m and still register a count rate of 2200 events/sec in a typical neutron flux of about 10/sup 7/ n/cm/sup 2/ per second. The fact that these detectors are not sensitive to gamma rays and show excellent radiation hardness makes them good candidates for use in applications such as neutron imaging, neutron crystallography, and neutron scattering. >
Linking Clinicians to Biomedical Researchers: An Application of the ISF Ontology at Stony Brook Medicine

From an administrative system, clinical experience was computed for 30 clinical faculty at Stony Brook Medicine. Experience was computed and represented in the ISF ontology using ICD9CM diagnosis codes that were mapped to MeSH. Using SPARQL, a semantic web technology for data querying, and data from a VIVO site, it was possible to connect to 257 different biomedical researchers based on published works.
THE ZYGOSPORE WALL OF CHLAMYDOMONAS MONOICA (CHLOROPHYCEAE) : MORPHOGENESIS AND EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF SPOROPOLLENIN

Chlamydomonas monoica Strehlow is being developed as a model for genetic analysis of zygospore morphogenesis, and many relevant mutant strains are available. To provide the basis for interpreting the ultrastructural phenotypes of zygospore mutants, an analysis of wall morphogenesis in wildtype zygospores of C. monoica was undertaken. Following synthesis of a thick, fibrous, primary zygote wall, granular material accumulated between the plasma membrane and the primary zygote wall and aggregated into a repetitive array of electron-opaque fibrous stripes. A new wall layer, the outer layer of the secondary zygospore wall, first appeared as segments with a fibrous outer surface overlying a well-defined band of electron-translucent material. These segments gave rise to an intact sheath adjacent to the plasma membrane. Beneath this sheath, electron-opaque material (forming the inner layer of the secondary zygospore wall) accumulated unevenly and forced the surface sheath to undulate, creating a pattern of peaks and valleys that was exposed to the external environment 4 rupture and release of the primary zygote wall. The zygospore wall included material resistant to degradation by potassium hydroxide, 2-aminoethanol, and acetolysis, but it was destroyed by exposure to chromic acid. These characteristics, in combination with the autofluorescence of untreated zygospore walls and their failure to stain with phloroglucinol, suggest that sporopollenin may be responsible for many of the resistant properties associated with the mature zygospore of Chlamydomonas.
Weather Forecasting by Humans—Heuristics and Decision Making

Abstract The decision-making literature contains considerable information about how humans approach tasks involving uncertainty using heuristics. Although there is some reason to believe that weather forecasters are not identical in all respects to the typical subjects used in judgment and decision-making studies, there also is evidence that weather forecasters are not so different that the existing understanding of human cognition as it relates to making decisions is entirely inapplicable to weather forecasters. Accordingly, some aspects of cognition and decision making are reviewed and considered in terms of how they apply to human weather forecasters, including biases introduced by heuristics. Considerable insight into human forecasting could be gained by applying available studies of the cognitive psychology of decision making. What few studies exist that have used weather forecasters as subjects suggest that further work might well be productive in terms of helping to guide the improvement of weather...
Age and gender interactions in physiological functional capacity: insight from swimming performance

Tanaka, Hirofumi, and Douglas R. Seals. Age and gender interactions in physiological functional capacity: insight from swimming performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 846–851, 1997.—One experimental...
The Economics of Credit Default Swaps

Credit default swaps (CDSs) are term insurance contracts written on traded bonds. This review studies the economics of CDSs using the economics of insurance literature as a basis for analysis. It is alleged that trading in CDSs caused the 2007 credit crisis, and therefore trading CDSs is an evil that needs to be eliminated or controlled. In contrast, I argue that the trading of CDSs is welfare increasing because it facilitates a more optimal allocation of risks in the economy. To perform this function, however, the risk of the CDS seller's failure needs to be minimized. In this regard, government regulation imposing stricter collateral requirements and higher equity capital for CDS traders needs to be introduced.
The Rheb family of GTP-binding proteins

Rheb proteins represent a novel and unique family of the Ras superfamily GTP-binding proteins that is conserved from yeast to human. Biochemical studies establish that they bind and hydrolyze GTP. Molecular modeling studies reveal a few structural differences between Rheb and Ras, which may suggest that residues involved in biochemical activities differ between the two G-proteins. The function of Rheb has been studied in a number of organisms that point to the involvement of Rheb in cell growth and cell cycle progression. In addition, studies in fungi suggest that Rheb is involved in arginine uptake. Further studies in Drosophila and mammalian cells have shown that the effects of Rheb on growth and cell cycle progression are mediated by the effect on the insulin/TOR/S6K signaling pathway. These studies have also shown that a complex consisting of the tuberous sclerosis gene products, Tsc1/Tsc2, serves as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rheb, implying Rheb's role in this genetic disorder. Finally, Rheb proteins have been shown to be farnesylated and small molecule inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase can block the ability of Rheb to activate the TOR/S6K signaling.
Comparison of marginal fit between all-porcelain margin versus alumina-supported margin on Procera Alumina crowns.

PURPOSE Procera Alumina crowns are widely used; however, the effect of crown margin design on marginal fit is unknown. This study measured and compared the precision of fit of Procera Alumina crowns with two crown margin designs: all-porcelain versus alumina-supported margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen noncarious extracted human premolars were prepared for Procera((R)) Alumina crowns with an internally rounded shoulder preparation. Impressions were made from all teeth, and master dies were poured with type IV dental stone. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups. Procera Alumina crowns were fabricated: eight crowns with circumferential porcelain-butt (all-porcelain) margins and eight crowns with coping (alumina-supported) margins (control). Precision of fit was measured at six points on each crown with a profilometer (profile projector). The data were statistically analyzed with an independent-samples t-test (alpha < 0.05). RESULTS The mean marginal gap size (microm) of coping margins was 68.07 +/- 16.08 and of porcelain-butt margins was 101.29 +/- 43.71. There was no statistically significant difference (p= 0.065) of the marginal gap size between coping margins and porcelain-butt margins. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that there was no statistically significant difference in the marginal fit of coping and porcelain-butt margins. Both margin designs are within clinically acceptable ranges. Therefore, clinicians may choose to use a coping margin, as it is less labor intensive and requires less time for fabrication, unless there is a specific high esthetic need for a porcelain-butt margin.
Selective CO2 adsorption in a porphyrin polymer with benzimidazole linkages

A new nanoporous porphyrin-based benzimidazole linked polymer, PBILP, was synthesized. The use of porphyrin monomers as molecular building units led to the formation of a rigid amorphous network that has a moderate surface area (SBET = 557 m2 g−1). The CO2 adsorption ability of PBILP is 12.1 wt% (2.76 mmol g−1) and it has a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 7.2 at 273 K/1 bar and a CO2/N2 selectivity of 72 at 273 K/1 bar.
Recovery of CO2 by Phase Transition from an Aqueous Bicarbonate System under Pressure by Means of Multilayer Gas Permeable Membranes

On use of simple model aqueous sodium bicarbonate solutions and Celgard 2400 gas permeable membranes, bicarbonate disproportionates to carbon dioxide and carbonate when gaseous carbon dioxide is removed from the water by diffusion through gas permeable membranes at elevated water pressures. The permeability of CO2 by phase transition from bicarbonate solutions at pressures of 500 psi is only possible because of the use of multiple gas permeable membrane layers. The multiple layers minimize water permeability at pressures near or above the Young−Laplace bubble point of single membrane layers, and the gas permeability efficiency and rate are greatly decreased.
Generalized algebraic data types and object-oriented programming

Generalized algebraic data types (GADTs) have received much attention recently in the functional programming community. They generalize the (type) parameterized algebraic datatypes (PADTs) of ML and Haskell by permitting value constructors to return specific, rather than parametric, type-instantiations of their own datatype. GADTs have a number of applications, including strongly-typed evaluators, generic pretty-printing, generic traversals and queries, and typed LR parsing. We show that existing object-oriented programming languages such as Java and C# can express GADT definitions, and a large class of GADT-manipulating programs, through the use of generics, subclassing, and virtual dispatch. However, some programs can be written only through the use of redundant runtime casts. Moreover, instantiation-specific, yet safe, operations on ordinary PADTs only admit indirect cast-free implementations, via higher-order encodings. We propose a generalization of the type constraint mechanisms of C# and Java to both avoid the need for casts in GADT programs and higher-order contortions in PADT programs; we present a Visitor pattern for GADTs, and describe a refined switch construct as an alternative to virtual dispatch on datatypes. We formalize both extensions and prove type soundness.
deSCribe: A Personalized Tour Guide and Navigational Assistant

Mobile phones have become ubiquitous in daily life. They are also becoming more powerful with more computation and a variety of sensors embedded in them. We have built deSCribe, a context-aware phone-based navigational aid. The application provides turn-by-turn directions from the user’s current location to a requested destination. It provides information about the surroundings by processing the images taken by the camera on the phone. It enables a novel user interface with the ability of using the phone as a remote to point at buildings to get further information about a particular floor within the building. Lastly, the application uses user feedback to control how much information is presented to the user.
Gaining a Better Understanding of Workplace Culture and Communication Through Needs Analysis

Analyses of workplace culture are increasingly being conducted as a way to success. The research approach recommended is needs analysis through language use, word types and needs expressed by individual employees. It has become crucial to best accommodate co-workers by finding out what needs they have and ways to enhance workplace operations. In today’s transcultural workplace communication, a phenomenon stemming from encouraged worldwide mobility, new questions arise and researchers are using new approaches in problem solving (Creese 2005; Jasso-Aguilar 2005; Myers 2005; Rock 2005). Theoretical models (Long 2005; Gee 2005; Wenger 1998; Lave and Wenger 1991; Rogoff 1984) are also developed in order to provide a background for the analyses.
Risk of Intraoperative Injury of Nearby Structures: National Trend, Distribution, and Burden

Background Accidental injury of a nearby structure during surgical operations carries a risk of serious morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, it represents a medico-legal liability. We aimed to examine the national distribution, cost, and trend of accidental intraoperative injuries. Study design We performed a cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. The study population consisted of patients who encountered intraoperative injuries between 2003 and 2010. Controls were randomly selected from patients who underwent similar procedures during the same period. Cost was adjusted for inflation rate to reflect 2015 dollar values. Results A total of 61,667 cases with intraoperative injuries and 430,424 controls were included. Intraoperative injuries were most common in procedures that involved the digestive system (38.0%), female reproductive organs (21.4%), and musculoskeletal system (12.2%). There was a significant increase in those injuries from 161.3 cases/100,000 procedures in 2003 to 254.9 cases/100,000 procedures in 2010 (p Conclusions Certain demographic and clinical factors influence the risk of intraoperative injury of nearby structures. The prevalence of intraoperative injuries is increasing at the national level, and these injuries are associated with increased mortality and pose substantial clinical and financial burdens.
Optimizing Composition and Morphology for Large-Grain Perovskite Solar Cells via Chemical Control

We report solid iodine as a precursor additive for achieving purified organometallic perovskite crystals. By adding iodine, we found that the reaction can be pushed toward pure iodine phase rather than the kinetically favored chlorine phase. This approach can be applied in large crystalline perovskite solar cells and improved the average efficiency from 9.83% to 15.58%.
Lilium urbanus

This film, the story of a growing city in the form of a lily, is a collaborative senior thesis project. Starting from an empty field, the first step to a city's growth is a small village. Electricity flows through the town, larger and larger structures grow, and a transit system is formed. Finally, an airport blooms to spread its seeds to farther places. The city is a living organism that is constantly growing. When it has fully expanded, it disperses its extra resources to create new cities.