cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Asynchronous Learning Networks: Results of a Field Experiment Comparing Groups and Individuals

An Asynchronous Learning Network (ALN) is a Computer-MediatedCommunication System designed to support "anytime/anywhere" interaction amongstudents and between students and instructors. A field experiment compared groups andindividuals solving an ethical case scenario, with and without an ALN, to determine theseparate and joint effects of communication medium and teamwork. Undergraduate studentsin Computers and Society analyzed the case as an assignment in the course. Dependentvariables include quality of the reports, learning as measured by similar cases on the finalexam, and subjective perceptions of learning.The results indicate that working in a group, instead of alone, tends to increasemotivation, perception of learning and solution satisfaction. Individuals working onlineproduced higher quality reports on the ethics scenario than individuals working manually,and computer-supported groups produced the longest reports, while individuals workingmanually produced the shortest reports. Regarding group conditions, manual teamsreported significantly higher levels of process satisfaction, perception of process structureand perception of discussion quality than teams supported by an asynchronouscommunication medium. However, computer-supported groups reported the highest levelsof perceived learning. Finally, perception of collaborative learning does not seem to beaffected by the use of the medium; both supported and unsupported groups perceived aboutthe same levels of collaborative learning.
The interplay between resource supply and demand determines the influence of predation on prey body size1

Predation has been shown to either increase or decrease the body mass of fish, as well as cause variable changes in growth rate. The mechanisms underlying these contrasting responses are not well understood. Here we compared intraspecific body size and growth responses to predation against a backdrop of 2006 estimates of asymptotic mass and growth constants (i.e., von Bertalanffy parameters) across species. We show that intraspecific responses can be quite large relative to interspecific variation and confirm that the magnitude and direction of body size responses is variable. We then employed the supply–demand (SD) model of body mass evolution to explore how predator-induced changes in resource demand or supply could alter body mass. The SD model predicts that any combination of increasing or decreasing body mass and increasing or decreasing growth rate is possible when predation risk is increased, which is consistent with the literature. Finally, we use three case studies to illustrate how the interplay...
Transurethral Bipolar Enucleation of the Prostate

Abstract Introduction: Transurethral bipolar enucleation (TuBE) of the prostate is a novel procedure being utilized for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its sequela. We hypot...
Barriers and Species Persistence in a Simulated Grassland Community

The fragmentation of landscapes that results from habitat destruction can produce barriers to species interactions across a landscape. In this study, a stochastic cellular automata model was used to investigate the effects of barriers on the persistence of five grassland species. By varying the number and pattern of barriers on the landscape, it was determined that regardless of the initial arrangement of species, the placement of barriers on the landscape slows the loss of species due to invasion by superior competitors. The pattern of barriers (as measured by their fractal dimension) was more important when the barriers accounted for smaller portions of the landscape.
Evolutionary Paleoecology: The Ecological Context of Macroevolutionary Change

Warren D. Allmon and David J. Bottjer (Editors), 2001, Columbia University Press, New York, 357 p., (Paperback, $25.00) ISBN: 0-231-10995-4; (Hardcover, $45.00) ISBN: 0-231-10994-6). As a name, evolutionary paleoecology commands attention and I wanted to determine what is included in the concept, which may develop into a significant field of study within paleobiology. Ecology, of course, is the interrelationship of organisms to each other and to their environment, but evolution is uni-directional change among organisms, raising the question of whether paleoecology can be studied in a manner similar to evolution. Ecology has no heritable characters to shape its destiny, and ecologic or paleoecologic change may simply be a passive response to sustained changes in physical environmental conditions as well as to organismal originations and extinctions. In any case, a critical examination of evolutionary paleoecology is desirable and this book may provide it. The first, introductory chapter of the book addresses the matter of concept by identifying evolutionary paleoecology as “a loosely connected skein of research programs that focus on the environmental and ecological context for long-term (i.e., macroevolutionary) changes seen in the fossil record.” Thus, one expects this book to focus on how ecology/environment influences macroevolution and shapes the trends of phylogenetic evolution. James Valentine is credited with originating the term evolutionary paleoecology and he contributes a brief discussion (Chapter 2) of his thoughts on the concept. However, his statement on the main theme of evolutionary paleoecology is that it is the use of ecological theory to understand paleoecological processes “that form the theater of the evolutionary play, over time.” The term ‘paleoecologic processes' points to the belief that there are ecologic relationships best seen from long, geological timescales. Although the definitions are generally similar, the Allmon and Bottjer definition implies the use of paleoecology to understand organic evolution, while …
Integrating Systems Health Management with Adaptive Contingency Control for Wind Turbines

Increasing turbine up-time and reducing maintenance costs are key technology drivers for wind turbine operators. Components within wind turbines are subject to considerable stresses due to unpredictable environmental conditions resulting from rapidly changing local dynamics. Systems health management has the aim to assess the state-of-health of components within a wind turbine, to estimate remaining life, and to aid in autonomous decision-making to minimize damage to the turbine. Advanced adaptive contingency control can provide the mechanism to enable safe and efficient turbine operation and provide enabling technology for Systems Health Management goals. The work reported herein explores the integration of condition monitoring of wind turbine blades with contingency control to balance the trade-offs between system health and energy capture. Results are demonstrated using a high fidelity simulator of a utility-scale wind turbine.
Long-Term Results of Carpal Tunnel and Trigger Finger Releases in a Patient with Hurler Syndrome: A Case Report.

Case: Prior to the emergence of bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for Hurler syndrome, most individuals with this syndrome did not survive into their teenage years. We describe a twenty-three-year-old patient with Hurler syndrome who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation; we focus on the presentation and treatment of the associated carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger digits. After initial trigger digit release and revision bilateral carpal tunnel release with a tenosynovectomy, he maintained symptom-free hand function. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of median nerve compression and trigger digits due to Hurler syndrome is effective in the long term.
Relative value of oral health in well-child care: a survey of pediatricians in Texas and Ohio.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, penetration, and support of the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) 2003 oral health policy statement among pediatricians and compare the perceived relative value of oral health among health topics. METHODS: A 33-question survey was sent to 1,320 randomly selected pediatricians in Texas and Ohio. The survey queried practice patterns, perceived importance of oral health, and familiarity/implementation of the AAP policy. RESULTS: The return rate was 30 percent, with a 23 percent useable response rate; 51 percent of the pediatricians had read the policy, and 74 percent were implementing some component. Overall, 40 percent referred one-year-old infants to a dentist and 29 percent believed it was important. Parental acceptance was identified to be the most common barrier for dental referral by one year of age. Oral health anticipatory guidance ranked fifth at the six- and 12-month office visits but ranked second at the 24-month visit. CONCLUSION: While three out of four pediatricians were implementing some portion of the AAP's 2003 oral health policy, referral rates and perceived importance of oral health remained low among pediatricians.
Full-term vaginal live birth after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of a large, symptomatic intramural fibroid: a case report.

BACKGROUND This case study describes the first reported vaginal delivery following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of fibroids. The subject was among a cohort of women seeking treatment for symptomatic fibroids. She was enrolled in a clinical trial studying outcomes of laparoscopic, ultrasound-guided RFA of symptomatic fibroids. CASE A 38-year-old, G4P3, female was diagnosed with uterine fibroids following a spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery at 21 weeks of a nonviable infant. RFA was performed on 7 fibroids, the largest of which was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be a 6.1-cm, submucosal-intramural, right posterior leiomyoma. The patient conceived approximately 3.5 months after RFA. She had a spontaneous labor at term with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery of a 3,487-g female infant (Apgars: 9, 9). Post-RFA and post-delivery MRI images indicated a myometrial thickness of 9.6 mm throughout, including beneath the ablation site. CONCLUSION The lack of a uterine defect following RFA in this case may have allowed this patient to progress to term without uterine rupture as has been reported with conventional myomectomy. The use of RFA in infertile women needs further study, and the decision to perform a cesarean section in women who have had RFA needs to be evaluated. The potential to treat many fibroid patients without requirement for subsequent cesarean section also needs further study.
EVOLUTION OF THE PATH NUMBER OF A GRAPH: COVERING AND PACKING IN GRAPHS, II†

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evolution of path number of a graph in context of covering and packing in graphs. The concepts of packing and covering were explored in a lecture given in New York city, as a generalization of path number, arboricity, and several other graphical invariants. This approach suggested the definition of the linear arboricity of a graph, which has an interpretation in file structures. An alternative path-covering invariant of a graph can be defined as the minimum number of paths, unrestricted in that they are not necessarily line disjoint, needed to cover the lines of G. Although, several theorems are there for determining the path number of a graph, still there are some unsolved problems related to it and there are still no effective and convenient computer algorithms for determining the values of these five invariants for a given graph.
Evaluation of Quality Metrics for Surgically Treated Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance Quality metrics for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exist, but whether compliance with these metrics correlates with improved survival is unknown. Objective To examine whether compliance with proposed quality metrics is associated with improved survival in patients with laryngeal SCC treated with surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included patients from a tertiary care academic medical center who had previously untreated laryngeal SCC and underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2012. Data analysis was performed from August 4, 2015, through December 13, 2015. Interventions Surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Compliance with quality metrics from the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, and institutional metrics with face validity covering pretreatment evaluation, treatment, and posttreatment surveillance was evaluated. The association between compliance with the group of metrics and overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) was explored using Cox proportional hazards analysis. The association between compliance with individual metrics and survival was similarly determined. Results A total of 243 patients (184 men and 59 women) were included in the study (median age, 62 years; age range, 23-87 years). No association was found between increasing levels of compliance with the AHNS or NCCN metrics and survival. The only AHNS or NCCN metric for which greater compliance correlated with improved survival on multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis controlling for pT stage, pN stage, extracapsular spread, margin status, and comorbidity was pretreatment multidisciplinary evaluation for patients with stage cT3-4 or cN1-3 disease (OS adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24-0.94; DFS aHR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.85). For the institutional metrics, multidisciplinary evaluation for all patients (OS aHR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.88; DFS aHR, 0.50, 95% CI, 0.32-0.80) and elective neck dissection yield of 18 lymph nodes or more (DFS aHR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.99) were associated with improved survival on multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort of patients with surgically treated laryngeal SCC, multidisciplinary evaluation and elective neck dissection yield of 18 lymph nodes or more are associated with improved survival. Development of better quality metrics is necessary because increased compliance with metrics described by the AHNS and NCCN is not associated with improved survival. Previously described metrics for surgically treated oral cavity cancer are not prognostic for surgically treated laryngeal SCC. Future multi-institutional collaboration will be required to validate these findings, develop better quality metrics, and evaluate whether quality metrics for head and neck cancer are site specific.
Identification of a new blend of apple volatiles attractive to the apple maggot: Rhagoletis pomonella

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) were used to identify a new blend of volatiles from apples as the key attractants for the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). The new five-component blend contains butyl butanoate (10%), propyl hexanoate (4%), butyl hexanoate (37%), hexyl butanoate (44%), and pentyl hexanoate (5%) compared with a previously reported seven-component mix of hexyl acetate (35%), (E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate (2%), butyl 2-methylbutanoate (8%), propyl hexanoate (12%), hexyl propanoate (5%), butyl hexanoate (28%), and hexyl butanoate (10%). Volatiles from five different varieties of apple elicited reproducible and high EAD responses from R. pomonella antennae to the same five chemicals. In flight-tunnel choice tests involving red sticky spheres with odor sources, the new five-component blend of apple volatiles showed significantly more activity than the previous seven-component blend or the single compound, butyl hexanoate. In a field trial captures with the new five-component blend were better than with butyl hexanoate, which is currently used with commercial apple maggot monitoring spheres.
The role of thrombocytapheresis in the contemporary management of hyperthrombocytosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A case-based review

Abstract Extreme thrombocytosis induces an acquired thrombotic-hemorrhagic diathesis, and left uncontrolled is a harbinger of potentially fatal vascular complications. Currently, cytoreduction with medical therapy remains the mainstay of hyperthrombocytosis management. However, it offers a less-than-ideal option in situations where a rapid reduction in platelets is urgently needed, as in the presence of vital end-organ ischemia or to ameliorate of life-threatening hemorrhage. The role of thrombocytapheresis, or plateletpheresis, in hyperthrombocytosis has become increasingly obsolete given the proactive titration of cytoreductive therapies and early identification and correction of reversible causes of reactive thrombocytosis. Despite its narrowed indications, plateletpheresis continues to offer a valuable temporizing measure in platelet count reduction before cytoreductive agents exert their maximal effect. In this context, it is important for the treating physician to be aware of the symptoms and risks associated with hyperthrombocytosis to inform best clinical practices. In this review, we discuss the role of plateletpheresis in the modern-day management of hyperthrombocytosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms through a case based review of the literature. It becomes apparent throughout the discussion that the decision to perform plateletpheresis should be individualized based upon the clinical scenario, degree of thrombocytosis, available infrastructure and every patient’s risk profile.
Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health After the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes: An Investigation of the Long-term Gendered Impacts of Disasters

Introduction Natural disasters in resource-poor countries have differential effects on socially disadvantaged groups such as women. In addition to the acute reproductive health needs of women during the immediate response phase of a disaster, research suggests that maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) may continue to be seriously impacted for numerous months, even years, after the event. Methods This ethnographic field research investigates the impacts of the 2015 Nepal earthquakes on mothers and children under five on the 6-month anniversary of the earthquakes. Results Though families were not channeling household funds away from health care expenses for pregnant and lactating women and children under five, the findings suggest that a delayed response by the Nepali government in administering funds for rebuilding combined with an ongoing fuel crisis were negatively impacting families' abilities to provide adequate shelter, warmth, cooking gas, and transportation for mothers and young children. This study highlights the importance of understanding the impacts of specific social and political contexts on intra-household family finances as they relate to MNCH, not just variables related to the disaster itself. Discussion Future research and policies on MNCH during the long-term recovery period after a natural disaster such as the 2015 Nepal earthquakes therefore should take into account the social and political context as well as institute multiple periodic assessments of MNCH in the first few years following the disaster.
Therapy Caps and Variation in Cost of Outpatient Occupational Therapy by Provider, Insurance Status, and Geographic Region.

Objective This article describes the cost of occupational therapy by provider, insurance status, and geographic region and the number of visits allowed and out-of-pocket costs under proposed therapy caps. Method This retrospective, population-based study used Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data for occupational therapists billing in 2012 and 2013 (Ns = 3,662 and 3,820, respectively). We examined variations in outpatient occupational therapy services with descriptive statistics and the impact of therapy caps on occupational therapy visits and patient out-of-pocket costs. Results Differences in cost between occupational and physical therapists were minimal. The most frequently billed service was therapeutic exercises. Wisconsin had the most inflated outpatient costs in both years. Under the proposed therapy cap, patients could receive an evaluation plus 12-14 visits. Discussio . Wide variation exists in potential patient out-of-pocket costs for occupational therapy services on the basis of insurance coverage and state. Patients without insurance pay a premium.
Chromatin Higher-Order Folding: A Perspective with Linker DNA Angles

Abstract The mechanism by which the "beads-on-a-string" nucleosome chain folds into various higher-order chromatin structures in eukaryotic cell nuclei is still poorly understood. The various models depicting higher-order chromatin as regular helical fibers and the very opposite "polymer melt" theory imply that interactions between nucleosome "beads" make the main contribution to the chromatin compaction. Other models in which the geometry of linker DNA "strings" entering and exiting the nucleosome define the three-dimensional structure predict that small changes in the linker DNA configuration may strongly affect nucleosome chain folding and chromatin higher-order structure. Among those studies, the cross-disciplinary approach pioneered by Jorg Langowski that combines computational modeling with biophysical and biochemical experiments was most instrumental for understanding chromatin higher-order structure in vitro. Strikingly, many recent studies, including genome-wide nucleosome interaction mapping and chromatin imaging, show an excellent agreement with the results of three-dimensional computational modeling based on the primary role of linker DNA geometry in chromatin compaction. This perspective relates nucleosome array models with experimental studies of nucleosome array folding in vitro and in situ. I argue that linker DNA configuration plays a key role in determining nucleosome chain flexibility, topology, and propensity for self-association, thus providing new implications for regulation of chromatin accessibility to DNA binding factors and RNA transcription machinery as well as long-range communications between distant genomic sites.
Dynamics of Single Protein Polymers Visualized by Fluorescence Microscopy

Filamentous protein networks are one of the main structural elements in nature. This report describes novel approaches in video-enhanced fluorescence microscopy to visualize and analyze the molecular motions of single constituent filaments of these networks. Common examples of these biopolymer networks are the collagen matrix of connective tissue, cartilage and bones, fibrinogen networks with intercalated blood platelets, and the cytoskeleton of cells. The collagen matrix is a chemically cross-linked network of collagen fibers which consist of tropocollagen filaments. An in vitro example of a network of fibrinogen fibers with embedded platelets is displayed in Fig. 6.1. These fibrinogen gels, which form in wounds, are slowly contracted by the platelets facilitating wound closure during healing.
Renal Trauma: Evaluation by Computerized Tomography

AbstractThe diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with renal trauma have remained controversial. From July 1981 to June 1984 we evaluated with computerized tomography 22 selected patients suspected of sustaining major renal trauma. Of these patients 17 were managed successfully with conservative therapy and 5 underwent surgical exploration. Only 2 patients required arteriography because of excellent renal delineation provided by computerized tomography scanning. Computerized tomography provides the most precise anatomical detail of renal injuries as well as valuable information regarding other retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal structures, often resulting in the identification of associated and unsuspected injuries.We advocate the use of computerized tomography as the primary diagnostic modality in patients suspected of sustaining major renal injury and/or other organ injuries. This change in diagnostic studies has facilitated greatly the diagnosis and treatment of kidney injuries.
Backbone dynamics of the natively unfolded pro-peptide of subtilisin by heteronuclear NMR relaxation studies

The dynamics of the natively unfolded form of the pro-peptide of subtilisin (PPS) have been characterized at two different pHs (6.0 and 3.0) by 15N relaxation experiments. 15N relaxation data is obtained at multiple field strengths and a detailed comparison of spectral density mapping, the model free approach and the recently proposed Cole–Cole model free (CC-MF) analysis is presented. The CC-MF analysis provides a better fit to the observed magnetic field dependence of 15N relaxation data of unfolded PPS than conventional model free approaches and shows that fluctuations in R2 may be accounted for by a distribution of correlation times on the nanosecond timescale. A new parameter ederives from the analysis and represents the width of the distribution function and the heterogeneity of the dynamics on the nanosecond timescale at a particular site. Particularly interesting is the observation that e is sensitive to pH changes and that PPS samples a wider distribution of nanosecond time scale motions at less acidic pHs than at more acidic pHs. These results suggest that PPS experiences a higher degree of correlated motion at pH 6.0 and that electrostatic interactions may be important for inducing correlated motions on the nanosecond timescale in unfolded PPS.
The morphological approach to the study of normal and abnormal brain permeability.

The rich capillary bed of the central nervous system (CNS) is impervious to protein. This generalization derives from two observed features of the cerebral capillary wall: (a) the tight junctions between contiguous endothelial cells comprise uninterrupted belts that arrest the passive, intercellular movement of protein and (b) the vesicles that bud off the endothelial cell membrane do not appear to carry protein across the cell from blood to perivascular tissue19. We would like to review briefly where and how this blood-brain barrier (BBB) to protein and peptide is circumvented in the normal and experimentally manipulated mammal. It will become apparent that in some vessels which are naturally permeable or rendered permeable experimentally, one or the other of both features is altered: the junctions are open and no longer tight and the endothelial plasmalemma of certain vessels is capable of vesicular transport. A third means of bypassing the barrier must still be considered as a strong suspicion rather than proven: fenestrae or round windows that perforate the attenuated endothelium of capillaries in a few specific regions are bridged by thin diaphragms that may be permeable to protein and peptide. A fourth bypass is one that we have just come to appreciate: the very axons of the neurons within the cerebral parenchyma. It is through the cytoplasm of these axons that large molecules can be brought from extracerebral, peripheral blood to neuronal cell bodies of the brain and spinal cord6.
5.520 – Bioactive Ceramics and Bioactive Ceramic Composite-Based Scaffolds

Biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics are being combined in a variety of composite materials for tissue-engineering scaffolds. Materials and fabrication routes for three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with interconnected high porosities suitable for bone tissue engineering are reviewed. Different polymer and ceramic compositions applied and their impact on biodegradability and bioactivity of the scaffolds are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo assessments. The mechanical properties of today's available porous scaffolds are analyzed in detail, revealing insufficient elastic stiffness and compressive strength compared to human bone. Further challenges in scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering such as biomolecules incorporation, surface functionalization, and 3D scaffold characterization are discussed, giving possible solution strategies. Stem cell incorporation into scaffolds as a future trend is addressed briefly, highlighting the immense potential for creating next-generation synthetic/living composite biomaterials that feature high adaptiveness to the biological environment.
Orotidylate decarboxylase of yeast and man.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses orotidylate decarboxylase of yeast and man. Uridylic acid (UMP) biosynthesis is essential for most living organisms, providing the precursor of the three pyrimidine trinucleotides as well as for the synthesis of di- and polysaccharides that utilize UTP and for the synthesis of lipids which require CTP. The amounts of the UDP sugars in mammalian liver can equal the amount of UTP. In man and other animals, the last two enzyme reactions of the de novo pathway are catalyzed by a single protein, UMP synthase. This bifunctional protein has both orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidylate decarboxylase activities. In bacteria, six genes code for the monofunctional proteins that catalyze the six required enzyme reactions. In fungi, such as yeast, there are only five genes for the first two enzymes packaged into a large bifunctional polypeptide, whereas the remaining four enzymes are monofunctional. The mechanism for ODCase appears to involve the formation of a zwitterion of OMP and a ylid on decarboxylation. Thiamin pyrophosphate catalyzes various decarboxylation and transfer reactions involving ketone groups because the thiazolium ring with its positively charged N atom can, on the loss of a proton from the adjacent C-2, generate a ylid that adds to carbonyl groups to produce a substrate ylid.
Complementary health approaches for postpartum depression: A systematic review

Postpartum Depression (PPD) affects approximately 9 - 20% of women. Many women with PPD go undiagnosed and/ or do not follow through on referrals for treatment. Although the most routinely prescrib...
Decentralized wind uncertainty management: Alternating direction method of multipliers based distributionally-robust chance constrained optimal power flow

Abstract How to manage wind power uncertainty in system operation is an urgent and important issue, especially under substantially increasing penetration levels of wind generation in electric power systems. With increasing numbers of wind power plants (WPPs) integrated into power systems, their variability and uncertain power outputs become a challenge to maintaining system reliability. Traditional stochastic optimization-based models face the curse of dimensionality when the number of WPPs increases. This paper proposes a novel decentralized wind power uncertainty management model. In this model, conventional generators optimize their power capacity output and their participation to mitigate wind power uncertainty locally with only limited information exchange with the system operators. First, a distributionally-robust chance-constrained optimal power flow (DRCC-OPF) model is deployed to schedule the generation and reserve considering the wind power forecast uncertainty. Then, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to reformulate the DRCC-OPF model into the distributed optimization model for each conventional generator and WPP. The tests on a small PJM 5-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate that the proposed decentralized model can increase the operation reliability without sacrificing system operating cost, especially when the wind power penetration levels are high. Using the proposed model, the optimal solutions can be obtained within one minute, for all studied cases, which verifies the computation efficiency of the proposed decentralized model. Furthermore, considering a large number of WPPs integrated into the system, the proposed decentralized method obtains a lower operating cost within one minute which demonstrates its efficiency to deal with high dimension of uncertainties.
Treatment-Resistant Depression Among US Military Veterans

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common behavioral disorders and with aggressive treatment roughly two-thirds of individuals will achieve remission. The remaining one-third comprise a group called treatment-resistant depression (TRD), characterized by significant residual symptoms, relapses, and a lowered quality of life. Helping individuals with TRD achieve remission requires a comprehensive, personalized approach. Military veterans with TRD have unique factors complicating recovery such as traumatic combat experiences. Other factors contributing to TRD include treatment adherence, co-occurring disorders, and inadequate medication trials. Best practice would include echelons of increasingly intensive treatments, measurement-based care, and consideration of newer pharmacologic strategies and nonpharmacologic interventions such as neuromodulation.
Beyond the aggregate score: Using multilevel modeling to examine trajectories of laboratory-measured aggression.

Aggression is often measured in the laboratory as an iterative "tit-for-tat" sequence, in which two aggressors repeatedly inflict retaliatory harm upon each other. Aggression researchers typically quantify aggression by aggregating across participants' aggressive behavior on such iterative encounters. However, this "aggregate approach" cannot capture trajectories of aggression across the iterative encounters and needlessly eliminates rich information in the form of within-participant variability. As an alternative approach, I used multilevel modeling (MLM) to examine the slope of aggression across the 25-trial Taylor Aggression Paradigm as a function of trait physical aggression and experimental provocation. Across two preregistered studies (combined N = 392), participants exhibited a modest decline in aggression. This decline reflected a reciprocal strategy, in which participants responded to an initially-provocative opponent with greater aggression that then decreased over time to match their opponent's declining levels of aggression. Against predictions, trait physical aggression and experimental provocation did not affect participants' overall trajectories of aggression. Yet, exploratory analyses suggested that the participants' tendency to reciprocate their opponent's aggression with more aggression was greater at higher levels of trait physical aggression and attenuated among participants who had already been experimentally provoked by their opponent. These findings (a) illustrate several advantages of an MLM approach as compared with an aggregate approach to iterative laboratory aggression paradigms; (b) demonstrate that the magnifying effects of trait aggression and experimental provocation on laboratory aggression are stable over brief time-frames; and (c) suggest that modeling the opponent's behavior on such tasks reveals important information.
O AGIR COMUNICATIVO NA EDUCAÇÃO COMO DISPOSITIVO E AUTORIDADE EPISTÊMICA À PRÁXIS TECNOLÓGICA

RESUMO: Ao considerar a importância da abertura a experiencia comunicativa na educacao e na sociedade hiperestimulada pelas tecnologias, o estudo de bases hermeneuticas objetiva repensar a praxis pedagogica, mobilizando, por meio de pesquisas habermasianas, as possibilidades de interconexoes formativas com as tecnologias digitais de informacao e comunicacao. Para tanto, Habermas traz questoes que denunciam as falsas fronteiras do conhecimento e os potenciais do agir comunicativo nas interfaces educacionais para resistir a razao tecnica, a pedagogizacao, as simplificacoes e visoes estreitas de mundo. Concluimos que a interdependencia linguistica pode renovar as formas de ensinar e de aprender geradas pelas tecnologias, abrindo canais reflexivos para superar narrativas vazias e monologicas.
The Origins of Eponymous Aneurysm Clips: A Review.

Aneurysm clips are indispensable tools in the armamentarium of vascular neurosurgeons. The history of the development of aneurysm clips is witness to ingenuity and tenacity in treating a potentially devastating disease. Few know the stories of their innovators and the inspiration behind their designs. Hence, we present this historical vignette in an attempt to shed more light on the pioneers who shaped the evolution of aneurysm clips as we know them. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Books, and library historical archives, as well as personal communications with relatives, colleagues, and institutions of the surgeon-designers. We present the following aneurysm clip innovators and chronicle their biographies and contributions: Herbert Olivecrona (1891-1980), Frank Mayfield (1908-1991), Charles Drake (1920-1998), Joseph McFadden (1920-present), Thoralf Sundt Jr. (1930-1992), William M. Lougheed (1923-2004), William B. Scoville (1906-1984), Milton D. Heifetz (1921-2015), Gazi Yasargil (1925-present), Kenichiro Sugita (1932-1994), and Robert Spetzler (1944-present). Although this compilation of eponymous clips is by no means complete, we hope that it provides an informative historical perspective and an inspiration for aspiring neurosurgeons. The history of aneurysm surgery, an entity once deemed inoperable, teaches us the importance of innovation in medicine.
Optical Computing of Mathematical Derivatives using Dispersion and Coherent Detection

Early attempts in the field of optical computing were futile because they aimed to construct an all-optical equivalent of the digital computer [1]. However, photonics does have potential for performing certain computing functions in the analog domain [1]. These analog photonic hardware accelerators precede an optical-to-electrical conversion and alleviate bandwidth, dynamic range and power consumption bottlenecks on the subsequent electronics [2]. Far from a general purpose computer, photonic hardware accelerators are custom designed to perform specific signal transformations in real time and in analog domain. The computational operations that have already been realized by these analog optical computing primitives include integration [3], data compression [4], time-bandwidth engineering [5], logarithm [6] and optical dynamic range compression [7]. Optical implementation of temporal differentiation has been demonstrated in two ways: field differentiators realized using a micro-ring resonator [8] and intensity differentiators implemented using phase modulation [9].
Risk Assessment for Cyber Security of Manufacturing Systems: A Game Theory Approach

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach using game theory to assess the risk likelihood in manufacturing systems quantifiably. Cybersecurity is a pressing issue in the manufacturing sector. Nevertheless, managing the risk in cybersecurity has become a critical challenge for modern manufacturing enterprises. In risk management thinking, the first step is to identify the risk, then validate it, and lastly, consider responses to the risk. If the risk is below the security risk appetite of the manufacturing system, it could be accepted. However, if it is above the risk appetite, the system should appropriately respond by either avoiding, transferring, or mitigating the risk. The validation of the risk in terms of severity and likelihood of the threat, however, is challenging because the later component is hard to quantify. In this paper, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method is modified by employing game theory to quantitatively assess the likelihood of cyber-physical security risks. This method utilizes the game theory approach by modeling the rivalry between the attacker and the system as a game and then try to analyze it to find the likelihood of the attacker’s action. We first define players of the game, action sets, and the utility function. Major concerns of cyber security issues in the manufacturing area are carefully considered in defining the cost function composed of defense policy, loss in production, and recovery. A linear optimization model is utilized to find a mixed-strategy Nash Equilibrium, which is the probability of choosing any action by the attacker also known as the likelihood of an attack. Numerical experiments are presented to further illustrate the method. Forecasting the attacker’s behavior enables us to assess the cybersecurity risk in a manufacturing system and thereby be more prepared with plans of proper responses.
Exceptional diversity and selection pressure on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 host receptor in bats compared to other mammals

Pandemics originating from pathogen transmission between animals and humans highlight the broader need to understand how natural hosts have evolved in response to emerging human pathogens and which groups may be susceptible to infection. Here, we investigate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host protein bound by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We find that the ACE2 gene is under strong selection pressure in bats, the group in which the progenitors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are hypothesized to have evolved, particularly in residues that contact SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We detect positive selection in non-bat mammals in ACE2 but in a smaller proportion of branches than in bats, without enrichment of selection in residues that contact SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we evaluate similarity between humans and other species in residues that contact SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2, revealing potential susceptible species but also highlighting the difficulties of predicting spillover events. This work increases our understanding of the relationship between mammals, particularly bats, and coronaviruses, and provides data that can be used in functional studies of how host proteins are bound by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Predictive Capabilities of Non-Quadratic Orthotropic Criteria

Abstract Very recently, it was shown that the orthotropic yield criteria of Barlat et al. [1] and Karafillis and Boyce [2] are in fact simple polynomials (see [3], [5]). Using these new mathematical expressions, the anisotropy coefficients involved in these criteria can be obtained using analytical formulas involving only experimental flow stresses, or formulas involving only Lankford coefficients for three orientations. In this paper, the benefits brought about by these new expressions in terms of fundamental understanding of these criteria and their predictive capabilities are discussed. Moreover, the implications in terms of ease of the identification of the anisotropy coefficients are demonstrated. Specifically, it is shown that using the new analytical identification procedures it becomes possible to obtain a reliable representation of a given material’s anisotropy even if the available mechanical characterization data are limited.
4 – Awakening Science

Publisher Summary Educators measured the magnetic declination on South Georgia and noted the habitats of seals and penguins. Moreover, this chapter provides an invaluable historical record for verifying past environmental conditions around Antarctica, which can only be inferred by modern scientific techniques. The concept of the ‘‘same method’’ indicates that standardized approaches for collecting data are being developed so that the data can be analyzed efficiently and interpreted reliably. Furthermore, the technological advances are accelerating the pace of Earth science, making it easier to survey and communicate from remote regions of the planet. International Research Council (IRC) brought together prominent national science academies to sponsor international scientific unions in fields— such as geodesy and geophysics, radio science, terrestrial magnetism and electricity, physical oceanography, volcanology, hydrology, biology, pure and applied physics, and pure and applied chemistry. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) focuses scientific attention on Antarctica and provides a concrete example of the purpose of scientific collaboration that can lead to international cooperation.
The Poly-E motif in Titin's PEVK region undergoes pH dependent conformational changes

Abstract The muscle protein titin plays a crucial role in passive elasticity and the disordered PEVK region within titin is central to that function. The PEVK region is so named due to its high proline, glutamate, valine and lysine content and the high charge density in this region results in a lack of organized structure within this domain. The PEVK region is highly extensible but the molecular interactions that contribute to the elastic nature of the PEVK still remain poorly described. The PEVK region is formed by two unique sequence motifs. The PPAK motif is a 26 to 28 amino acid sequence that contains a mixture of charged and hydrophobic residues and is the primary building block for the PEVK region. Poly-E sequence motifs vary in length and contain clusters of 3–4 glutamic acids distributed throughout the motif. In this study, we derived two 28-residue peptides from the human titin protein sequence and measured their structural characteristics over a range of pHs. Our results demonstrate that the poly-E peptide undergoes a shift from a more rigid and elongated state to a more collapsed state as pH decreases with the midpoint of this transition being at pH ~5.5. Interestingly, a similar conformational shift is not observed in the PPAK peptide. These results suggest that the poly-E motif might provide a nucleating site for the PEVK when the muscle is not in an extended state.
Bioactive Compounds and Fatty Acid Composition of New Turkish Hazelnut Cultivars

This study was carried out to determine oil content, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant activity (according to DPPH and FRAP assay) of Corylus colurna (Turkish hazel), 18 Turk...
Does Repeat Play Elicit Cooperation? Evidence from Federal Civil Litigation

While some litigants frequently file cases, very few opposing pairs of litigants appear together frequently. Thus, there is little opportunity for litigants to develop trust or reputation. Lawyers, on the other hand, face each other frequently and participate in a community of lawyers that shares information. Lawyers may therefore foster efficient dispute resolution by turning one-shot client interaction into a repeated game. This suggests the following empirical question: Are disputes resolved more quickly by agents (lawyers) who interact frequently, either as individuals or through their firms? We have assembled a dataset on roughly 2000 federal civil cases filed in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1994, supplementing the ICPSR data with attorney, and firm, identity. After accounting for individual attorney speed, we find that cases involving attorney pairs who interact repeatedly in our data are resolved more quickly and are more likely to settle.