cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A TECS Alternative using Robust Multivariable Control

Nomenclature This paper presents an alternative inner-loop flight control approach to the Total Energy Control System (TECS) technique using T-L^ control. The classical approach to synthesizing the inner-loop TECS controller is to set the flight-path angle and acceleration bandwidths to be the same to achieve decoupling of flight-path angle and acceleration maneuvers. This may lead to a sluggish response to flight-path angle commands when the aircraft engine response is slow. The classical design approach to quicken the flight-path angle response is to augment the basic TECS inner-loop with flight-path angle rate feed-forward terms. An alternative approach to the inner-loop design proposed in this paper uses Hoc control. The control objective for the HOQ design is to achieve decoupled flight-path angle and velocity command response with improved speed of response of the flight-path angle loop as compared with the classical TECS design. U^ and TECS controllers are synthesized for a linearized longitudinal axis NASA B-737-100 TSRV (Transport System Research Vehicle) aircraft model. Simulation results show that the HOQ controller achieves decoupled tracking with faster flight-path angle response than the classically designed TECS controller. Moreover, the HOQ design is more robust to plant model uncertainties and achieves good gust disturbance rejection.
Estimating the prevalence of early childhood serious emotional/behavioral disorders: challenges and recommendations.

Cheryl Boydell Brauner, MPHa Cheryll Bowers Stephens, MD, MBAb An expanding literature base indicates the incidence and prevalence of emo tional/behavioral problems in young children is increasing. The U.S. Depart ment of Health and Human Services' (DHHS') 1999 report, Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, estimates that at least one in five (20%) children and adolescents has a mental health disorder at some point in their life from childhood to adolescence.1 At least one in 10 (10%), or about 6 million people, has a serious emotional disturbance at some point in their life.1 On October 23-24, 2000, DHHS convened a multidisciplinary group of experts from fields including mental health, public health, and epidemiology. The group advised, "It is essential that the nation find ways to support emo tional health of our youngest children and their families through a continuum of comprehensive, individualized, culturally competent services that focus on promotion, prevention, and intervention." They also recommended steps to ensure the emotional health of infants not only to address school readiness, but to help families be stronger, supportive teachers for their children. Research highlights the importance of the first three years of life for school readiness, but also the important role that emotional health plays in preparing children to engage in cognitive tasks.2"5 Before there is thought and language, there is emotion, and it is this early affect within the context of the earliest relationships that forms the basis for all future development.6-8 Research has also shown that the emergence of early onset emotional/behavioral problems in young children is related to a variety of health and behavior problems in adolescence, not to mention juvenile delinquency, school drop out, etc.9-11 Families and communities, working together, can help children with mental disorders. A broad range of services is often necessary to meet the needs of these children and their families. However, in many communities, services for young people with serious emotional disturbances are unavailable, unaffordable, or inappropriate. An estimated two-thirds of the young people who need men tal health services in the United States are not receiving them.1 As a result, many children with mental health issues become involved with the juvenile
Lessons from genetic models of inflammatory bowel disease.

Over the past few years, application of targeted gene deletion and transgenic approaches has led to the often unanticipated development of rodent lines which develop inflammatory bowel disease. While none of these lines recapitulate the histopathological and clinical features usually associated with human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in their entirety, many exhibit key features comprising the development of "spontaneous" chronic and acute inflammation. These models include targeted deletion of the genes encoding IL-2, IL-10, TGF beta, T-cell receptor alpha/beta, keratin 8, and Gi2 alpha. In addition, animals expressing transgenes for the human WA-B27 (with beta-2 microglobulin) as well as a dominant negative construct which functionally blocks N-cadherin have also been observed to result in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Most of the mutant murine lines experience a diffuse colitis, but some (HLA-B27 transgenic and IL-10-deficient) also experience small bowel inflammation. The variety of manipulations provides some important broad insights: (1) IBD can result from dysregulation of mucosal immune responses or impairment of epithelial barrier function, and (2) the natural history of inflammation resulting from mutation at a single genetic loci is substantially modulated by other genetic factors. With the rapidly-increasing variety of mutant mice, comparison of the residual components of immune system in lines developing IBD with those of lines not developing IBD, it is possible to deduce a requirement for TCR gamma/delta CD4+ lymphocytes as well as pivotal role of IFN gamma and (as a suppressive factor) IL-10. Study of a number of models has demonstrated the important interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Thus, in at least some of the lines (IL-2-deficient and HLA-B27) the inflammatory bowel disease is not observed when the mutant mice are maintained in a germ-free environment but does develop after reconstitution with a pathogen-free flora. In the TCR alpha/beta deficient mice, appendectomy in the neonatal period prevents the subsequent development of colitis. In still other models, inflammation may not occur without some challenge by an exogenous external agent, e.g., mice deficient in intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (1). These models offer great promise to permit further dissection of the various constituents of the intestinal epithelium and mucosal immune response systems which are necessary for maintaining normal homeostasis and which can contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Further, they offer powerful tools for exploring the interaction between genetic and environmental factors to explicate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and to develop new therapeutic intervention strategies.
Drug therapy reviews: tricyclic antidepressant and monoamine oxidase inhibitor combination therapy.

Combinations of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are discussed with regard to general toxicity, drug interactions, animal studies, clinical reports, efficacy of combination therapy and usage conditions. Although MAOI-TCA combinations are usually considered contraindicated, informed opinion has shifted to cautious recommendation for the combination. Only refractory patients in whom less hazardous treatment has failed should be considered for combination therapy. The preferred dosage regimen is administration of the MAOI t.i.d. during the day and the entire TCA dose at bedtime. Patients should be informed of the immediate need for medical advice should side effects occur. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of these agents is potentially efficacious and safe is carefully monitored and controlled.
Sociosexuality and Romantic Relationships.

In this chapter, we review and critique extant theory and research on sociosexuality and romantic relationships. We begin by recounting the origins of sociosexuality, focusing ﬁrst on earliest descriptive research and then on the development of the sociosexuality construct and inventory (Gangestad & Simpson, 1990; Simpson & Gangestad, 1991). Following this, we review three sets of theoretical models-lifehistory models, Sexual Strategies Theory, and a model of strategic pluralism-that might explain the large amount of within-sex variation that exists on most sociosexual attitudes and behaviors. We then review and attempt to integrate nearly all of the published and several unpublished empirical investigations of sociosexuality. This empirical review is divided into two major sections: (1) patterns of relations between sociosexuality and other individual difference measures (e.g., personality traits, attachment styles, gender roles), and (2) patterns of relations between sociosexuality and mating proclivities (e.g., mating motives, romantic partner preferences, relationship initiation styles, patterns of romantic interaction, early family history, and crosscultural differences). We conclude by discussing several important future directions and implications of sociosexuality. These include the possible biological/evolutionary origins of sociosexuality, the different motives that might generate restricted versus unrestricted sociosexual orientations, the cues that may signal or convey restricted versus unrestricted orientations in each gender, and the effects that restricted versus unrestricted sociosexual orientations might have on the functioning and well-being of established romantic relationships.
Intestinal oxalate absorption.

The hyperoxaluria frequently observed in patients with ileal dysfunction has been attributed to increased intestinal absorption of dietary oxalate. Studies of intestinal oxalate transport were performed to provide understanding of this augmentation of oxalate absorption. Uptake of oxalate by rabbit ileum did not result in mucosal accumulation. Increasing oxalate concentrations were associated with increased rates of uptake, and metabolic inhibitors did not alter uptake. Oxalate transport across everted rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon did not demonstrate active transport. These studies suggest that oxalate transport is a nonenergy-dependent, nonsaturable process. In additional experiments, alterations of oxalate solubility were produced in vitro by cholestyramine, calcium chloride, and sodium oleate. Since the rate of oxalate absorption will be determined by the oxalate concentration, changes in oxalate solubility may, in part, explain the increased oxalate absorption of ileal disease.
A Theater of Motives and the “Meaningful Orders of Persons and Things”

Using the organizational detective metaphor, this study explores the influences of set pieces and properties associated with “the unique sense of place” that shape ethnographic interpretations of organizational cultures. The subject of the essay is a regional office of a Boston-based computer software firm that exhibits distinctive features of a strong culture, and the focus of the study is on how changes in cultural identity and meaning were fostered by the move to a new office building. Conclusions are drawn about the subtle and nuanced aspects of cultural display and interpretation, the writing of interpretive organizational ethnography, and the dramatic interplay of meanings associated with the firm’s Softball season and everyday organizational life.
Federal Civil Litigation as an Instrument of Police Reform: A Natural Experiment Exploring the Effects of the Floyd Ruling on Stop-and-Frisk Activities in New York City

Stop-and-frisk has emerged as a popular crime control tactic in American policing. Though stop-and-frisk has a long, established legal history, the recent experiences in many jurisdictions demonstrate a strong disconnect between principle and practice. Arguably, stop-and-frisk has become the next iteration of a persistent undercurrent in racial injustice in American policing, perhaps best demonstrated by the recent police killings of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, and Freddie Gray — all during stop-and-frisk encounters. Recent events have facilitated a national dialogue on police accountability and police reform, and federal civil litigation has been central to that discussion. Although federal court relief can be pursued through a variety of avenues (most frequently by individuals or class actions under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 or by the U.S. Department of Justice pursuant to 42 U.S.C § 14141), very little research has examined the impact of federal civil litigation on unconstitutional police practices. The current study examines the New York City confluence of racial injustice in policing, misuse of stop-and-frisk by officers, and federal civil litigation designed to precipitate police reform. Authors employ a natural experimental design to conduct a year-to-year comparison of stop-and-frisk activities and outcomes conducted by the NYPD in 2011, during the height of their stop-and-frisk program, and 2014, one year after a federal court deemed the program unconstitutional and ordered reforms. Results show substantial improvement in stop-and-frisk practices following the federal civil litigation, including reduced prevalence and geographic concentration, as well as increased rates of arrest and weapon and contraband seizures. Moreover, crime continued to decline in New York as the NYPD reformed its stop-and-frisk program. Even though racial disparities in those subjected to stops by the NYPD persist, the overall findings show positive progress in New York and highlight the role of federal civil litigation as an instrument of police reform.
On Wireless Network Infrastructure Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems in Future Smart Buildings

Today, most cyber-physical systems (CPS) in smart buildings require a wireless-based network infrastructure for sensing, communication, and actuation. In such CPSs, the energy expenditure and hence battery lifetime of the wireless network infrastructure depend heavily upon the placement of the base stations (BS). However, in indoor environments, BS placement is particularly challenging due to the impact of building structures and floors/walls separations. In this paper, we study the problem of jointly optimizing BS placement and power control in buildings to prolong the battery lifetime of sensors in the CPS network infrastructure. We first show that the joint BS placement and power control problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer non-convex program (MINCP), which is NP-hard and difficult to solve especially when the network size is large. To address this difficulty, we propose a novel efficient algorithm called ECPC that targets at large-sized network infrastructures in buildings. Our theoretical analysis and numerical results show that ECPC achieves competitive solutions compared to the true optimal solutions obtained by the branch-and-bound method.
A computational algorithm for classifying step and spin turns using pelvic center of mass trajectory and foot position

Abstract Transient changes in direction during ambulation are typically performed using a step (outside) or spin (inside) turning strategy, often identified through subjective and time-consuming visual rating. Here, we present a computational, marker-based classification method utilizing pelvic center of mass (pCOM) trajectory and time-distance parameters to quantitatively identify turning strategy. Relative to visual evaluation by three independent raters, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the pCOM-based classification method were evaluated for 90-degree turns performed by 3 separate populations (5 uninjured controls, 5 persons with transtibial amputation, and 5 persons with transfemoral amputation); each completed turns using two distinct cueing paradigms (i.e., laser-guided “freeform” and verbally-guided “forced” turns). Secondarily, we compared the pCOM-based turn classification method to adapted versions of two existing computational turn classifiers which utilize trunk and shank angular velocities (AV). Among 366 (of 486 total) turns with unanimous intra- and inter-rater agreement, the pCOM-based classification algorithm was 94.5% accurate, with 96.6% sensitivity (accuracy of spin turn classification), and 93.5% specificity (accuracy of step turn classification). The pCOM-based algorithm (vs. both AV-based methods) was more accurate (94.5% vs. 81.1–80.6%; P
Leadership, Trust and Organizational Performance in the Public Sector

This study uses survey data on U.S. federal employees to investigate whether employee trust in leaders mediates the relationship between transactional and transformational leadership behaviors and organizational performance. The fi ndings suggest that both transactional and transformational leadership behaviors and employee trust in leaders are positively associated with organizational performance. Employee trust in leaders was found to mediate the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and organizational performance. The study suggests that public leaders need to continue to develop their leadership skills, particularly their transformational leadership ones, as well as build trust to improve performance within their organizations.
Elementarkurven Dritter Ordnung

Das Ziel dieses Kapitels besteht darin, einen vollstandigen Uberblick der Elementarkurven dritter Ordnung bzw. dritter Klasse zu erhalten.
The Rhetoric of Visual Play: An Analysis of Postsubject Voice in New York City

Through an analysis of the street artist Banksy's 2013 residency of New York City, I identify two major rhetorical themes: Images of Discontent and Re-Visions of the City. I argue that the Banksy images exert an influential postsubject voice into the visual discourse of New York City, which I define as a visual articulation that resists traditional markings of identity in favor of visual play. In visual play, elements of the city are turned into toys through a critical orientation towards the urban landscape, postmodern aesthetic codes, participatory rhetoric, and the logics of the virtual. I conclude by arguing that play may offer an effective and transgressive mode of engaging contemporary rhetorical argument, particularly within the materiality of place.
Produciendo Chérrepe: reducción, etnia y performance en los valles de Zaña y Chamán, siglos XVI y XVII

Since the early 20th century, Andeanist archaeologists have made frequent use of ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources to add narrative, structural, and processual detail to our descriptions of past worlds. However, we have paid insufficient attention to the semiotic relationships between texts and archaeological sites – i.e., how both of these sets of media reflect and construct reality in distinct ways. In this essay, I examine sites and landscapes that emerged through forced resettlement in the lower Zana and Chaman valleys, in Peru’s north coast region, during the late 16th century AD. In doing so, I present several ideas about how we might rethink the comparison and synthesis of textual and archaeological evidence in the study of the Andean past. Specifically, I call attention to the performative dimensions of both reduccion sites and visita documents and underscore their role in colonial ethnogenesis.
Hydroxytyrosol Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells.

ABSTRACTScope: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol from olives, is a potential anticancer agent. This study was designed to evaluate the anticancer activity of HT against prostate cancer cells, and the mechanism thereof. Methods and Results: Treatment of LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells with HT resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation. This was in contrast to HT's ineffectiveness against normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE1 and PWLE2, suggesting cancer-cell-specific effect. HT induced G1/S cell cycle arrest, with inhibition of cyclins D1/E and cdk2/4 and induction of inhibitory p21/p27. HT also induced apoptosis, as confirmed by flow cytometry, caspase activation, PARP cleavage, and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. It inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt/STAT3, and induced cytoplasmic retention of NF-κB, which may explain its observed effects. Finally, HT inhibited androgen receptor (AR) expression and the secretion of AR-responsive prostate-specific antigen. Conclusion: Castration-resistant prostate ...
The Rise of Generative Semantics

This chapter discusses the evolution of generative semantics, Katz–Postal contribution to generative semantics, and the Aspects contribution to generative semantics. It presents a synopsis of syntactic theory in 1970. It presents the reasoning that led to the conclusion that deep structures were highly abstract. By far, the main impetus for the adoption of highly abstract deep structures came from the Katz–Postal hypothesis. This might seem surprising. There is nothing in the notion that all interpretation takes place at deep structure that per se leads to abstractness. One can imagine a model consistent with Katz–Postal in which deep structures are quite shallow and are mapped onto their respective meanings by a rich set of interpretive rules. In fact, the possibility of semantic rules actually contributing to meaning is not ruled out under the Katz–Postal hypothesis. Even the assumptions of Katz–Postal and Katz–Fodor, taken together, were not sufficient to secure the generative semantic conclusion that there exists no level of deep structure distinct from semantic representation. This is because there is nothing in them that demands that if two sentences are paraphrases, they must have identical deep structures. Syntactic theory entered the 1970s very much under generative semantic hegemony. Generative semantics wore the mantle of orthodoxy, and that more than anything else explains its phenomenal success. Katz and Postal's conclusion that underlying structure fully determines meaning and Chomsky's that selectional restrictions are defined at the deepest syntactic level seemed too intuitively pleasing to be seriously questioned.
A calorimetric flow sensor for ultra-low flow applications using electrochemical impedance

We present a calorimetric flow sensor which utilizes electrochemical impedance (EI) measurement to sense flow-mediated heat transfer. Sensors were fabricated from thin-film platinum and Parylene C, rendering them biocompatible, flexible, and corrosion-resistant. A novel sensing method based on asymmetric impedance dips during heater pulsing allowed flow measurement at ultra-low flow velocities (less than 200 μm/s), and simultaneous EI measurement from multiple electrode pairs using a custom multiplexer setup enabled highly sensitive, bidirectional flow transduction. Sensors tested in phosphate-buffered saline achieved a 2σ resolution of 19.1 μm/s, which represents a greater than 4x improvement over previously reported EI-based sensors. The sensor's biocompatible and flexible construction is ideal for microfluidics, lab-on-chip, and in vivo applications.
Glyburide/glipizide combination therapy in type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveResearch has determined differences in the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic actions of glyburide and glipizide. The goal of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of glyburide...
The Molecular Landscape of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Renewal, Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation, and Spermatic Head Shaping

Spermatogenesis is a hormonally regulated process involving three sequential events: (1) the mitotic amplification of the spermatogonial cell progeny, (2) the completion of meiosis by the spermatocyte progeny, and (3) spermiogenesis, the gradual morphogenesis of the spermatid progeny. Mitosis, meiosis and spermiogenesis coexist in the seminiferous epithelium in association with a post-mitotic stable population of somatic Sertoli cells. Cell components of each spermatogonial, spermatocyte, and spermatid cell progeny remain connected by intercellular cytoplasmic bridges. Intercellular bridges are disrupted upon completion of spermiogenesis leading to the release in the seminiferous tubular lumen of single mature spermatids transported to the epididymal duct for acquisition of fertilizing activity. Several key cell cycle regulators have been shown to operate during the mitotic amplification of the spermatogonial progeny. During meiotic prophase, autosomal bivalents are engaged in prominent ribosomal RNA and non-ribosomal RNA transcriptional activity, in contrast with the transcriptional silencing of the condensed XY chromosomes. An autosomal bivalent is a synapsed (conjoined) chromosomal pair, excluding the sex chromosomes X and Y, observed during meiotic prophase I. Each member of a chromosomal bivalent (autosomes and X-Y) consists of two sister chromatids that will disjoin (separate) upon completion of meiosis to produce a haploid genome (spermatid). During spermiogenesis, gradual genetic inactivation of the spermatid genome correlates with spermatid head shaping. The acrosome-acroplaxome-manchette complex is emerging as a significant player in spermatid head shaping as well as in the assembly of the sperm head–tail
Lumbar Epidural Abscesses: A Systematic Review:

Study Design:Systematic review.Objectives:Spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) are rare, but when missed or when diagnosis is delayed, SEA can lead to permanent neurological impairment or death. Limite...
Communication Efficient Signal Detection for Distributed Ambient Noise Imaging

We present a signal detection scheme with low-communication overhead for the recently developed distributed ambient noise imaging (ANSI) system for real-time imaging the geophysical subsurface structure. Signal detection enables ANSI to perform adaptive data acquisition. Our method only requires each sensor to exchange a limited number of frequency samples with each other. Then each sensor directly estimates the so-called local temporal energy (LTE) using their frequency samples and received samples from another sensor, without having to form the temporal cross-correlation function. Thus, we avoid transmission of the temporal waveforms, which significantly reduce the communication overhead. Numerical examples on a real seismic dataset demonstrate the good performance of our method.
Transcortical transventricular transchoroidal-fissure approach to distal fusiform hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery aneurysms.

A hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery is a vascular anomaly where the anterior choroidal artery supplies the posterior cerebral artery territory. We report a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage from...
San Francisco as a Brand

This discussion of San Francisco as a brand is based on the fact that cities compete with one another to attract tourists, because of the financial benefits that tourism brings to a city. This chapter discusses a book, The Tourist, which contains information, in different chapters, about many of the different things tourists can do when they visit San Francisco. The chapter offers statistics on tourism in San Francisco and points out that a third of the tourists who come to the city are attending conferences of one kind or another. It concludes with a discussion of the Golden Gate Bridge and its cultural resonance and significance.
An Automated Technique to Analyze Micro Indentation Load-Displacement Curve

High-throughput methods of measuring mechanical properties can accelerate materials discovery and processing route developments. These metrics of material performance get incorporated into both physics-based (ICME) and statistical machine-learning Processing-Microstructure-Properties (PMP) models. Conventional mechanical testing techniques, such as tensile testing, require large material volumes and become expensive and challenging when quantifying a statistically significant number of observations to enable process optimization thru PMP models of homogeneous materials; not to mention the added complexity of purposefully engineered inhomogeneous materials. Instrumented microhardness machines enable the extraction of indentation stress-strain curves from load-displacement curves as a proxy metric for more time/cost intensive uniaxial stress-strain curves. This versatile technique characterizes the local stress-strain behavior from small material volumes by modifying Hertz theory on the stresses between elastic solids. In this paper, an automated algorithm, written in Python (v2.7), is presented to apply modified Hertz’s theory to extract the Elastic Modulus and indentation stress-strain curve from the load-displacement data. Two methods of assuming the contribution of the elastic deformation of the indenter are presented. First, the algorithm works through the assumptions made by Khosravani et al. and presents these results in comparison to a second method of assuming that the contribution of the indenter elastic deformation is sufficiently small that it is assumed constant and can be approximated from the size of the indent on the sample surface. The algorithms are compared using microhardness measurements from a nickel-base superalloy, LSHR and show that the Elastic Modulus and the yield strength values are in reasonable agreement with the reference literature. The assumptions on the effect of the indenter elastic properties has effects on the shapes of the plastic part of the curve; the Khosravani et al. method seems to underestimate the work hardening properties of the material; while the other method overestimates the work hardening properties. Therefore, utilizing both methods provides proxy measurements of the potential upper and lower bounds of the work hardening behavior beyond the yield strength of the material which could be helpful for PMP models.
DETERMINANTS, MATRICES, AND GROUP THEORY

“ Disciplined judgement about what is neat and symmetrical and elegant has time and time again proved an excellent guide to how nature works. “
The Impact of More, Better, Faster, Cheaper: How the PCC Influenced Everything That Followed

The beginnings and the early years of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) had a profound impact on the approach taken to cataloging in North America and around the world. The commitment to...
The Problem of Physical Punishment and Its Persistence: The Potential Roles of Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to the Section

Physical punishment is a complex topic. Might psychoanalysis, child/adolescent analysis, and developmental theory and research provide further understanding of the underlying causes, the resulting ...
Comparison of subchorionic hematoma in medicated or natural single euploid frozen embryo transfer cycles.

Objective To study the effect of frozen embryo transfer (FET) preparation protocol on incidence of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) and serum hormone levels. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University-affiliated fertility center. Patient(s) Patients who underwent FET at the New York University Langone Fertility Center. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) The primary outcome was incidence of SCH by protocol in FET cycles. Result(s) There were 1,273 FET cycles that met criteria for inclusion. The frequency of SCH was lower in natural compared with programmed cycles (P Conclusion(s) This is the first study to evaluate the formation of SCHs by FET protocol type. Our results highlight that high serum estradiol levels do not independently lead to an increase in rate of SCH. Further research must be done to understand other clinical, or perhaps molecular, differences between natural and programmed FET cycle preparations that can be better associated with SCH formation.
Learning Features that Predict Developer Responses for iOS App Store Reviews

Background: Which aspects of an iOS App Store user review motivate developers to respond? Numerous studies have been conducted to extract useful information from reviews, but limited effort has been expended to answer this question.Aims: This work aims to investigate the potential of using a machine learning algorithm and the features that can be extracted from user reviews to model developers' response behavior. Through this process, we want to uncover the learned relationship between these features and developer responses.Method: For our prediction, we run a random forest algorithm over the derived features. We then perform a feature importance analysis to understand the relative importance of each individual feature and groups thereof.Results: Through a case study of eight popular apps, we show patterns in developers' response behavior. Our results demonstrate not only that rating and review length are among the most important but also that review posted time, sentiment, and the writing style play an important role in the response prediction. Additionally, the variation in feature importance ranking implies that different app developers use different feature weights when prioritizing responses.Conclusions: Our results may provide guidance for those building review or response prioritization tools and developers wishing to prioritize their responses effectively.
P96 Survey of paediatric respiratory physicians’ experiences of respiratory care and transition of patients with neuro-disability

Introduction The number of children with neuro-disability surviving childhood and transitioning to adult services continues to grow. These children have complex needs, and many have respiratory issues including recurrent chest infections, aspiration, scoliosis and disordered breathing. Despite this healthcare provision for these children and young people can be variable; and the process of transitioning to adult services can be unclear. We sought to explore these issues further through a survey of experiences of UK paediatric respiratory physicians. Method A survey link was sent out to members of the British Paediatric Respiratory Society with ten questions pertinent to the outpatient respiratory care and transition of paediatric patients with neuro-disability. Results There were 22 responses in total for the survey. The majority of patients were seen in a general paediatric clinic, and just over 50% of patients had access to a specialist nurse or respiratory physiotherapist in clinic. Most patients are transitioned at 18 years of age, with the majority being referred to a respiratory physician at a local secondary care hospital. For some clinicians the choice of where to transition to was determined by clinical need. The majority of clinicians reported a lack of clear transition pathway for these patients and felt the transition process was inadequate. Further results are shown in figure 1. Conclusion This limited survey provides a snapshot of respiratory care of paediatric patients with neuro-disability. It reveals the variation in care and access to multi-disciplinary team input; which arguably should be available for all patients. It also highlights the lack of a clear transition pathway for these patients to adult services, the variation in patient experience – and the fact that the overwhelming majority of physicians feel that the transition pathway is inadequate. Many of these patients are likely to experience ongoing and deteriorating respiratory issues into adult life. It is important that this gap in care is addressed to improve not only patient care, but to also prevent hospital admissions – which may be avoided if the basics in care and transition are addressed. Further work is needed to address these inconsistencies.
Black Holes and Gravitational Collapse

Black holes are one of the strangest predictions of relativity theory. In this chapter we study some properties of black holes and discuss how they are expected to be the end result of the collapse of some types of stars in the real universe. One extraordinary theoretical property of black holes is that they should radiate energy like a classical black body; this profound prediction connects classical general relativity with quantum theory, although the radiation has not yet been observed.
Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Triggered by COVID-19

Multiple infectious causes have been implicated with the development of secondary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Nevertheless, new pathogens, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are recently being described in its development. A 41-year-old Hispanic male presented to the Emergency Department with a two-day history of bleeding gums and blood-tinged sputum. A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was positive on admission. Initial laboratory studies showed severe thrombocytopenia of 3x109/L (150-400x109/L) with no abnormal platelets or schistocytes seen on peripheral blood smear, with normal prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and fibrinogen levels. Secondary causes of thrombocytopenia were ruled out. One unit of single donor platelets was transfused and the patient was treated with intravenous dexamethasone for a total of five days and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for two days. One week after discharge the patient had a recurrence of epistaxis and hematuria requiring a second course of steroids and IVIG and the decision was made to start the patient on eltrombopag 50mg daily, which maintained his platelet counts within normal limits. COVID-19-associated ITP can be severe and life-threatening and hence warrants rapid and prompt management with steroids and IVIG. In refractory cases, thrombopoietin receptor agonists should be used.
A Dual-Input, Digital Hybrid Buck-LDO System Featuring Fast Load Transient Response, Zero-Wire Current Handover & Input PDN Resonance Reduction

A dual-input, digital hybrid buck-LDO system featuring 300MHz Fully-Integrated Voltage Regulator (FIVR) and Computational Transient Management Controller (CTMC) based Low Dropout (LDO) regulator is presented. The high speed, parallel CTMC-LDO reduces the FIVR input resonance (82% pk-to-pk voltage-swing reduction). The CTMC-LDO operates without any communication with FIVR and can act as a clamp (54% droop & 69% settling time reduction) or share current (0-100%) in parallel with the FIVR, thus increasing load capacity.
Memorable Messages Embedded in Men’s Stories of Miscarriage: Extending Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Memorable Message Theorizing

Miscarriage occurs in roughly one in five pregnancies in the United States. Although it is largely considered a “women’s issue,” non-miscarrying spouses also endure the mental and relational health...
Numerical estimation strategies are correlated with math ability in school-aged children

Abstract Various laboratory-based numerical cognition measures are often found to be linked with standardized math scores, yet the exact nature of these links over development remains in question. In this study, we investigated how 0–100 number line estimation performance and dot numerosity discrimination explained variance in 6- to 8-year-olds’ standardized math ability scores, and we assessed links between tasks. Our primary goal was to assess the link between estimation performance and math ability from a theoretical perspective that models number line estimation as an instance of proportion estimation. As age increased, children’s proportion-based strategies for number line estimation became more sophisticated and estimation bias decreased. Children who spontaneously inferred and used a central reference point to guide their proportion estimates scored higher on the math ability measure (TEMA-3), demonstrating a relation between more advanced proportion estimation strategies and higher math abilities. Individual differences in estimation bias also made a lesser contribution to explaining variance in children’s math ability. Dot discrimination accuracy uniquely contributed to children’s math ability. Number line estimation performance and dot discrimination accuracy were not associated, consistent with prior research suggesting that number line estimation does not directly map onto mental numerical magnitude representations. Educational implications and future directions are discussed.
Heat and mass transfer in polygonal micro heat pipes under small imposed temperature differences

Abstract Micro heat pipes have been used to cool microelectronic devices, but their heat transfer coefficients are low compared with those of conventional heat pipes. We model heat and mass transfer in triangular, square, hexagonal, and rectangular micro heat pipes under small imposed temperature differences. A micro heat pipe is a closed microchannel filled with a wetting liquid and a long vapor bubble. When a temperature difference is applied across a micro heat pipe, the equilibrium vapor pressure at the hot end is higher than that at the cold end, and the difference drives a vapor flow. As the vapor moves, the vapor pressure at the hot end drops below the saturation pressure. This pressure drop induces continuous evaporation from the interface. We solve for the evaporation rate in the limit the evaporation number E → ∞ , and find that the liquid evaporates mainly in a boundary layer at the contact line. An analytic solution is obtained for the leading-order evaporation rate. Since the pipe is slender and the imposed temperature difference small, the heat and mass transfer along the pipe is skew-symmetric about the mid point of the pipe. Hence, we only need to focus on the heated half of the pipe. Furthermore, because the pipe and bubble are long, the coupled vapor and liquid flows along the pipe are predominantly uni-directional, and the heat transfer by vapor flow and by conduction in the liquid and wall are essentially one-dimensional. Thus, we find analytic solutions for the temperature profile and vapor and liquid pressure distributions along the pipe. Two dimensionless numbers emerge from the momentum and energy equations: the heat-pipe number, H , which is the ratio of heat transfer by vapor flow to conductive heat transfer in the liquid and pipe wall, and the evaporation exponent S , which controls the evaporation gradient along the pipe. In the limit H → 0 or S → 0 , conduction in the liquid and wall dominates. When H → ∞ and S → ∞ , vapor-flow heat transfer dominates and a thermal boundary layer appears at the hot end, the thickness of which scales as S - 1 L , where L is the half-length of the pipe. A similar boundary layer exists at the cold end. Outside the boundary layers, the temperature is uniform. These regions correspond to the evaporating, adiabatic, and condensing regions commonly observed in conventional heat pipes and are absent in most micro heat pipes leading to their low heat transfer coefficients. We also find a dimensionless optimal pipe length S m = S m H for maximum evaporative heat transfer. Thus, our model suggests that micro heat pipes should be designed with H ≫ 1 and S = S m . We calculate H and S for four published micro-heat-pipe experiments, and find encouraging support for our design criterion.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy in Molecular Solids

Publisher Summary Electron spin resonance provides a technique for the study of magnetic behavior. The chapter explores that as spectroscopic techniques advanced, lower concentrations of paramagnetic species have been detected. The result has generally been improvement of resolution and an ever-widening understanding of such chemical and physical behavior as the chemical bond, electron exchange, spin delocalization, and nuclear hyperfine fields. Another significant development that has come from improved techniques is the discovery of resonance in paramagnetic states excited by light. This advance opens vast areas of research for a technique that was confined to the study of the electronic ground state. With developments in technique and understanding, recent research has turned to the investigation of linewidth and relaxation phenomena. Knowledge of relaxation times has led to the development of the now famous masers, to a beginning of the understanding of electron exchange mechanism, to the development of time dependent relaxation theories, and to the general theories of transport phenomena.
Hydrophobicity, Adhesion, and Surface-Exposed Proteins of Gliding Bacteria

The cell surface hydrophobicities of a variety of aquatic and terrestrial gliding bacteria were measured by an assay of bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH), hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and the salt aggregation test. The bacteria demonstrated a broad range of hydrophobicities. Results among the three hydrophobicity assays performed on very hydrophilic strains were quite consistent. Bacterial adhesion to glass did not correlate with any particular measure of surface hydrophobicity. Several adhesion-defective mutants of Cytophaga sp. strain U67 were found to be more hydrophilic than the wild type, particularly by the BATH assay and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The very limited adhesion of these mutants correlated well with hydrophilicity as determined by the BATH assay. The hydrophobicities of several adhesion-competent revertants ranged between those of the wild type and the mutants. As measured by the BATH assay, starvation increased hydrophobicity of both the wild type and an adhesion-defective mutant. During filament fragmentation of Flexibacter sp. strain FS-1, marked changes in hydrophobicity and adhesion were accompanied by changes in the arrays of surface-exposed proteins as detected by an immobilized radioiodination procedure.
The memory of the portuguese First Republic throughout the twentieth century

The Portuguese First Republic (1910-1926) is still today a historical period marked by the controversies it generated. Despite its overall failure as an attempt to democratize and modernize the country, the regime left a powerful legacy in the collective memory, acritically glorified or condemned, depending on whether it fueled the apologetic and proselytic view of the utopia-to-be or, in contrast, the devilish view of a close-to-anarchy and Jacobin-like experience. This text analyzes the way in which the First Republic's memory became a topic for heated debate, marking out positions and projecting them onto the appreciations that successive Portuguese generations were to make on this matter throughout the twentieth century.
The Requirement to Expense Options: A Reactionary and Deleterious Response to Outrage

In 2004 the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Financial Accounting Statement 123R which, among other things, mandates that firms report the estimated "fair value" of employee stock option grants and other forms of equity compensation and apply the expense to their reported earnings. This paper argues that the reasons FASB provides for the necessity of this change - accurate accounting for a value given, comparability among other domestic companies, and comparability internationally - are not only goals that are not met by the change, but that the implementation of FAS 123R is actually a reactionary measure to public outcry and outrage over excessive executive compensation and is designed to reduce executive compensation. Further, even if this surreptitious purpose - which is outside of FASB's scope - is met, it is met in a way that fails to further investors' information needs and fails to offer new comparability efficiencies. While the focus of my inquiry and analysis regarding FAS 123R is on employee stock options, primarily to executives, because options are often granted as just a part of a compensation package they must be addressed in the context of an entire employee compensation package, particularly an equity compensation component. Thus Parts I and II of this paper discuss executive compensation and equity compensation generally. Part I very briefly introduces equity compensation. Part II focuses on the general social and economic issues surrounding executive compensation, particularly equity compensation. Equity compensation is presented in the context of contemporary discourse, discussing bargaining issues, equity effects on manager behavior, necessity to the firm, and public perception. Part III introduces two administrative actions designed to address these issues, FASB's FAS 123R and the SEC's more recent requirement of a Compensation Discussion & Analysis. Part IV addresses FASB's main justifications for implementing FAS 123R and finds that those justifications are fallible in that they are either (at best) debatable or (more likely) simply incorrect. Finally, Part V presents the idea that FAS 123R may help to chill outrage, argues that outrage is the driving factor behind FAS 123R, and discusses some of the economic and financial effects of the implementation of FAS 123R.