cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B9: Activated MAPK Pathway Mediates Resistance to Romidepsin via Bim Degradation in Romidepsin-Selected HuT 78 Cells

Acquired and intrinsic resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs), a new targeted group of anti-tumor agents, limits their clinical efficacy. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to HDIs may lead to strategies designed to increase clinical efficacy. To investigate molecular mechanisms of resistance to the HDI romidepsin (Dp), we studied a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell line, HuT 78, independently selected in verapamil (Vp) or valspodar (PSC833) to prevent the emergence of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a known resistance mechanism. The HuT 78 sublines DpVp 50 and DpP 75 display 100-200-fold resistance to romidepsin, not due to Pgp expression. A custom-made Taqman low density gene expression array detected increased expression of insulin receptor (IR) in the resistant cells. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed the results of gene array and detected more than 50-fold upregulation of IR in the romidepsin-selected cells compared to the parental cells. Increased phosphorylation (5- to 8- fold) of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), a downstream effector of the IR pathway, was also observed in the resistant cells compared to the parental cells. While HuT 78 cells were insensitive to MEK inhibition, resistant cells were found to be exquisitely sensitive to MEK inhibition (IC50
51V ESE-ENDOR studies of oxovanadium(IV) complexes: Investigation of the nuclear quadrupole interaction

The technique of 51V electron spin echo−electron nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) has been used to investigate a structurally diverse series of oxovanadium(IV) complexes. From ENDOR spectra, 51V nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, which reflect the electric field gradient established at the vanadium nucleus, are estimated using a perturbation theory approach. The magnitude of the nuclear quadrupole interaction is reduced by ligands binding trans to the oxygen of the oxovandium moiety due to a reduction of the electric field gradient that is established primarily by the oxo bond. Variation of ligands containing nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms oriented cis to the oxo bond gives rise to minimal changes in the quadrupole coupling constant. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant is thus shown to be sensitive to ligands binding trans to the oxygen of the oxo bond. ENDOR can thusly serve as a new spectroscopic probe in the identification of weakly coordinating donors in the axial position such as may be...
A new subcutaneously-implantable reservoir for sustained release of nicotine in the rat

A subcutaneously-implantable reservoir for the sustained release of nicotine is described. The device, dubbed INR for Implantable Nicotine Reservoir, is a small glass cup sealed with Silastic® polymer. It releases 3.4 mg of nicotine per 24 hours. When implanted into moderately-sized female Sprague-Dawley rats it produces blood nicotine levels of 400–500 ng/ml which remain relatively stable over at least 18 days. INRs are nontoxic, reproducible, inexpensive, and adaptable for pharmacological and toxicological studies in rats and other small animals.
Radio emission nebulae surrounding MWC 349 and RY Scuti

Radio emission associated with the stars MWC 349 and RY Scuti has recently been reported. MWC 349 was first detected by Braes et al.1 at 1,415 MHz with a 20 arc min synthesized beam and has subsequently been observed by Altenhoff and Wendker2 at 10.68 GHz with a 1.5 arc min beam and by Baldwin et al.3 at 5 GHz with a 3 arc s synthesized beam. RY Scuti was detected by Hughes and Woods-worth4 at 10.63 GHz with a 2.8 arc min beam. We report observations of MWC 349 and RY Scuti which show that the radio emission from each source is a consequence of resolvable radio nebulosities with thermal radio spectra. A similar conclusion concerning MWC 349 has already been reached by Baldwin et al.3.
Separating ultrafilters on uncountable cardinals

A uniform ultrafilterU on κ is said to be λ-separating if distinct elements of the ultrapower never projectU to the same uniform ultrafilterV on λ. It is shown that, in the presence of CH, an ω-separating ultrafilterU on κ>ω is non-(ω, ω1)-regular and, in fact, if κ < ℵω thenU is λ-separating for all λ. Several large cardinal consequences of the existence of such an ultrafilterU are derived.
Platelet aggregation across the myocardial vascular bed in man: I. Normal versus diseased coronary arteries.

Abstract Platelet aggregation studies were performed in aortic and coronary venous blood in 28 patients with coronary artery disease. Mean platelet aggregation was significantly lower in coronary venous blood compared to aortic blood using epinephrine and ADP as aggregating agents. Platelet counts were also found to be lower in coronary venous blood. Platelet aggregation was lower in both aortic and coronary venous blood in 12 of these patients who were taking propranolol compared to the other 16 patients not taking propranolol. Six other patients without angiographic evidence of coronary disease exhibited no change in platelet aggregation or counts across the myocardial vascular bed. These data indicate that platelet aggregation is lower in coronary venous blood in patients with coronary disease. Propranolol decreases aggregation in aortic as well as coronary venous blood. Lower platelet aggregation in coronary venous blood may be in part related to removal of reactive platelets or formation of platelet aggregates in the diseased coronary vasculature.
Developmental Therapeutics in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Are There Any New Effective Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agents Out There?

Therapies for AML have remained mostly unchanged since the introduction of anthracyline- and cytarabine-based regimens in the 1970s. Though some changes have been made in the dosing of anthracylines, in the choice of consolidation regimens versus allogeneic stem cell transplant, and in supportive care, clinical outcomes remain poor for most patients. As we continue to strive for better treatment options to improve upon outcomes, different agents, both chemotherapeutic and targeted therapies, are being studied. Here we discuss new chemotherapeutic agents that show promise in recent clinical trials and attempt to answer the question if there are any new effective cytotoxic chemotherapy agents out there.
Simulation of organic shape: The roles of phenomenology and mechanism.

Models adducing mechanisms of morphogenesis from observations of geometric similarity between mathematical and natural forms must be rigorously challenged by extensive direct observations of the process being modeled. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Eclipse of Walesa's Political Career

ALTHOUGH EASTERN EUROPE'S 1989 'REVOLUTION' was largely bloodless, it devoured most of its heroes and the leaders of the Polish Solidarity movement were not exempt from this fate. Not long after Solidarity's grand coalition came to power, it suffered a series of debilitating political defeats. In the 1980s Solidarity leaders like Michnik, Kuron, Mazowiecki and Geremek, who championed fundamental democratic values in a decadent communist system, were heralded as eminent leaders in difficult times. By the 1990s most Poles viewed these same individuals as just another group of shifty politicians, undeserving of their trust. This decline from exalted leader to untrustworthy politician was also shared by Lech Walesa, who led the Solidarity movement. Next to Gorbachev, Walesa was the most important leader of the revolution which brought down the Iron Curtain. Idolised in the 1980s for his idealistic fervour, Walesa began to be viewed in the 1990s as just another individualistic, ruthless and controversial politician, responsible for political chaos in Poland. Walesa's decline tells a great deal about the diverse and contradictory groups formerly united by anti-communist fervour who brought down the government, only to splinter into many factions when the revolution was over. It also demonstrates the role the media played in Central Europe in the 1990s. Such development of Walesa's political persona was accompanied by a steady fall in his popular support.1 Clearly, larger and larger portions of the population had begun to conclude that there were no other reasons for this behaviour but his own egotistical political interests.2 Walesa's behaviour was commonly perceived as destabilising for the precarious post-Solidarity rule, as clearly detrimental to the ongoing socio-economic reforms, and finally, as an important factor helping to pave the way for the rebounding post-communists. The collapse of Walesa's popular political image was only one key reason for the fading of his political career. He had also became both a very active perpetrator as well as indeed a victim of the intricate and often arcane political games that were one of the key features of Poland's transition. Without an examination of that political manoeuvring, the development of his political career in the 1990s cannot be fully comprehended.
X-ray emission from charge exchange in the Cygnus Loop SNR

The Cygnus Loop has been the focus of substantial debate concerning the contribution of charge exchange (CX) to supernova remnant (SNR) X-ray emission. We take advantage of a distinct feature of CX, enhanced K{\alpha} forbidden line emission, and employ the energy centroid of the OVII K{\alpha} triplet as a diagnostic. Based on X-ray spectra extracted from an extensive set of Suzaku observations, we measure the energy centroid shifts of the triplet on and off the shock rim of the remnant. We find that enhanced forbidden to resonance line emission exists throughout much of the rim and this enhancement azimuthally correlates with non-radiative H{\alpha} filaments, a tracer of strong neutral-plasma interaction in the optical. We also show that alternative mechanisms cannot explain the enhancement observed. These results demonstrate the need to model the CX contribution to the X-ray emission of SNRs, particularly for shocks propagating in a partially neutral medium. Such modeling may be critically important to the correct measurements of the ionization, thermal, and chemical properties of SNRs.
Survey Article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy

roposed as a reformist and sometimes even as a radical political ideal,deliberative democracy begins with the critique of the standard practices ofliberal democracy. Although the idea can be traced to Dewey and Arendt andthen further back to Rousseau and even Aristotle, in its recent incarnation theterm stems from Joseph Bessette, who explicitly coined it to oppose the elitist or‘‘aristocratic’’ interpretation of the American Constitution.
Vanadate binding to the (Na + K)-ATPase.

A particulate (Na + K)-ATPase preparation from dog kidney bound [48V]-ortho-vanadate rapidly at 37°C through a divalent cation-dependent process. In the presence of 3 mM MgCl2 theKd was 96 nM; substituting MnCl2 decreased theKd to 12 nM but the maximal binding remained the same, 2.8 nmol per mg protein, consistent with 1 mol vanadate per functional enzyme complex. Adding KCl in the presence of MgCl2 increased binding, with aK0.5 for KCl near 0.5 mM; the increased binding was associated with a drop inKd for vanadate to 11 nM but with no change in maximal binding. Adding NaCl in the presence of MgCl2 decreased binding markedly, with anI50 for NaCl of 7 mM. However, in the presence of MnCl2 neither KCl nor NaCl affected vanadate binding appreciably. Both the nonhydrolyzable, β,γ-imido analog of ATP and nitrophenyl phosphate, a substrate for the K-phosphatase reaction that this enzyme also catalyzes, decreased vanadate binding at concentrations consistent with their acting at the low-affinity substrate site of the enzyme; the presence of KCl increased the concentration of each required to decrease vanadate binding. Oligomycin decreased vanadate binding in the presence of MgCl2, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide and ouabain increased it. With inside-out membrane vesicles from red blood cells vanadate inhibited both the K-phosphatase and (Na + K)-ATPase reactions; however, with the K-phosphatase reaction extravesicular K+ (corresponding to intracellular K+) both stimulated catalysis and augmented vanadate inhibition, whereas with the (Na + K)-ATPase reaction intravesicular K+ (corresponding to extracellular K+) both stimulated catalysis and augmented vanadate binding.
A high-fidelity ultrasonic pulse-echo scheme for detecting delaminations in composite laminates

Conventional ultrasonic pulse-echo imaging techniques, typically processed in the time domain, are generally limited by the large pulse widths, resulting in inaccurate and confusing B-scan images. This paper deals with a high fidelity ultrasonic pulse-echo signal processing technique suitable for detecting delaminations in thin composite laminates. In this processing scheme, broadband pulse-echo A-scan signals are reconstructed in the transform domain using complex cepstrum and homomorphic deconvolution techniques. The technique is implemented for 8-ply and 16-ply quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy laminates with embedded Teflon film patches and damage induced by low velocity impact loading. The technique shows excellent improvement in the time resolution so that it can be used effectively for extracting exact time-of-flight information and then constructing accurate B-scan and three-dimensional images of defects in thin composites. Moreover, the approach automatically measures the time delay from the front surface, i.e., it follows the front face, making it useful for inspecting slightly warped laminates or the parts with irregular surfaces.
The Friedman-Savage Utility Function in Cross-cultural Perspective

In their classic article on the utility of wealth, Friedman and Savage (1948) tried to devise a utility function to explain a variety of apparently conflicting phenomena. For instance, why do people who normally do not play gambling games such as calling heads-or-tails participate in lotteries? And why do people who gamble also buy insurance? The purpose of this note is to show that the ideas underlying the Friedman-Savage utility function can permit us to make accurate predictions about which precapitalist societies do and which do not engage in gambling. The supporting data are macroeconomic, and the tests are carried out using a simple multivariate least-squares regression analysis.
Selectively regrown carbon-doped (Al)GaAs by chemical beam epitaxy with novel gas sources

Selective-area epitaxy of carbon-doped (Al)GaAs by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) on (100) GaAs substrates patterned with SiO 2 has been studied. Triethylgallium, trimethylaluminum, tris-dimethylaminoarsenic (TDMAAs) and diiodomethane were used as precursors. True selectivity of GaAs and AlGaAs with a growth rate of 0.5 μm/h is achieved at a growth temperature as low as 470 o C. A flat GaAs regrown surface can be obtained, however, only by thermally cracking the TDMAAs source at 350 o C. The growth rate of GaAs:C layers is independent of the stripe openings down to about 5 μm. A growth rate enhancement is observed when the feature size is less than 5 μm. The «rabbit ear» thickness can be significantly reduced if the stripe opening is less than 5 μm or if the V/III incorporation ratio is low. A heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with selectively regrown GaAs/AlGaAs:C eternal base layers has been successfully fabricated. It exhibits at least a 60% improvement in the base sheet resistance compared to the original HBT structure, demonstrating the potential of selective-area growth by CBE
Ellipsoidal Approximation to Uncertainty Propagation in Boundary Power Flow

Boundary load flow exemplifies a class of power (load) flow solution procedures that explicitly incorporates uncertainties in system data. Its importance for operation and control of modern power systems is increasing due to changes in system operation following deregulation and due to the emergence of new types of sources (e.g., distributed generation). The quantification of effects of uncertainties in system parameters (e.g., branch admittances) and in measurements (e.g., SCADA) is a fundamental task in generalized boundary (robust) power flow methodology. In this paper we propose a family of ellipsoidal approximations to uncertainty propagation in linearized power flow equations. After providing a precise uncertain power flow problem formulation, we describe an approximate solution based on the geometry of ellipsoids in high dimensions. While computationally intensive, the method is potentially applicable to large-scale power systems. We illustrate its capabilities on a benchmark example of the New England/New-York interconnection with 68 nodes
Early Identification-An Analysis of the Research.

The early identification of children who are at risk of experiencing school problems has become a major area of interest within special education. Teacher perception, test batteries, and single ins...
APPLICATION OF A BIOLOGICALLY-BASED RFD ESTIMATION METHOD TO TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) MEDIATED IMMUNE SUPPRESSION AND ENZYME INDUCTION

The current methods for a reference dose (RfD) determination can be enhanced through the use of biologically-based dose response analysis. Methods developed here utilizes information from tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to focus on noncancer endpoints, specifically TCDD mediated immune system alterations and enzyme induction. Dose-response analysis, using the Sigmoid-Emax (EMAX) function, is applied to multiple studies to determine consistency of response. Through the use of multiple studies and statistical comparison of parameter estimates, it was demonstrated that the slope estimates across studies were very consistent. This adds confidence to the subsequent effect dose estimates. This study also compares traditional methods of risk assessment such as the NOAEL/safety factor to a modified benchmark dose approach which is introduced here. Confidence in the estimation of an effect dose (ED10) was improved through the use of multiple datasets. This is key to adding confidence to the benchmark dose estimates. In addition, the Sigmoid-Emax function when applied to dose-response data using nonlinear regression analysis provides a significantly improved fit to data increasing confidence in parameter estimates which subsequently improve effect dose estimates.
The 40 kDa 63Ni2+-binding protein (pNiXc) on Western blots of Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos is the monomer of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase A

A Ni(2+)-binding protein (pNiXc, 40 kDa), present in Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos, was isolated from mature oocytes by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and cellulose phosphate, followed by FPLC on Ni-iminodiacetate-Agarose, or reverse-phase HPLC on a C-4 column. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that intact pNiXc is approximately 155 kDa, consistent with tetrameric structure. After cleavage with Lys-C proteinase or cyanogen bromide, six peptides were separated by HPLC and sequenced by Edman degradation, providing sequence data for 83 residues. Data-base search showed similarity of pNiXc to eukaryotic aldolases, with 96% identity to human aldolase A. pNiXc demonstrated aldolase activity with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as substrate (Km, 30 microM Vmax 26 mumol min-1 mg-1); the aldolase activity was inhibited non-competitively by Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, or Ni2+. Equilibrium dialysis showed high affinity binding (Kd, 7 microM) of 1 mole of Ni per mole of 40 kDa subunit. Based on metal-blot competition assays, the abilities of metals to compete with 63Ni2+ for binding to pNiXc were ranked: Cu2+ >> Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Co2+. This study identifies pNiXc as the monomer of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase A, and raises the possibility that aldolase A is a target enzyme for metal toxicity.
The effects of a suspected case of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy on a pediatric nursing staff

Munchausen's syndrome by proxy is a relatively new diagnosis for a unique form of child abuse that involves a parent who creates or feigns illness in his or her child, and presents a "sick child" to the medical profession for assessment and treatment. Typically, while creating or feigning the child's illness, the parent usually appears to be "ideal" (i.e., especially attentive, caring, supportive, and close to the medical staff). The present study assessed the effects of a suspected case of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy on 20 pediatric nurses in a large midwestern children's hospital. After the child had left the hospital, the staff was given a ten-item open-ended questionnaire covering how they felt about the case, how the case affected their interactions with other parents, and how they professionally and personally coped with the physician's presumptive diagnosis. Only 10% of the staff had had previous experience with such a case, and 55% had not even heard of such a diagnosis. More than 70% of the staff felt they were professionally and personally unprepared for the case. Their initial reaction to the suspected diagnosis ranged from shock and disbelief to nausea and anger. The majority of the staff had perceived the parent as supportive, loving, and concerned. Yet, now they were confronted with information that suggested that the parent had nearly killed the child while on the unit, in order to keep that child in the hospital. Although almost every nurse eventually accepted the diagnosis, they felt their relationships with parents in general had changed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An integrated model of risk and risk-reducing strategies

Abstract We investigate the role of perceived risk in consumers' adoption of risk-reducing strategies in the context of household investment decisions. Specifically, we examine behavioral responses intended to handle both the uncertainty and importance dimensions of perceived risk, incorporating risk propensity as another construct affecting risk-induced behaviors. We find that higher self-efficacy, greater wealth position, and risk-taking propensity lower an individual's perceived risk for investing in the stock market. We also find that perceived risk increases both the amount of information search and transaction frequency while it lowers the proportion of assets invested in the stock market. Risk propensity, on the other hand, increases the likelihood of obtaining investment advice from professionals, as well as the proportion of assets invested in the stock market.
Mission analysis of the D'Arrest '76 opportunity

Comet de Arrest 1976 opportunity mission analysis, considering flyby and rendezvous trajectories and guidance problems
Integration of basic CAD functions into a VR environment

This paper gives a survey of the integration of basic computer aided design functions in a virtual reality environment. Motivated by the limited input and output devices of present CAD systems, we try to improve the human interaction by using VR for operation in a three dimensional space. This paper presents the underlying data structures and operations, through which the user can transpose his ideas. Some applications are also presented.
Effects of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on functional brain activity: a combined event-related TMS and evoked potential study.

Objective: To further evaluate the potential of slew-rate limiting amplifiers to record electrophysiological signals in spite of concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and to explore the effects of single-pulse TMS on electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of functional brain activity. Methods: Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) to checkerboards were recorded in 7 right-handed subjects, while single-pulse TMS was applied to the occipital pole either at visual stimulus onset, during the build-up or at the expected peak of the early VEP component P1 (VIS&TMS). Timing of TMS was individually adjusted based on each subject’s VEP-latency. A condition of TMS without concurrent visual stimulation (TMSalone) served for subtraction purposes (VIS&TMS minus TMSalone) to partial out TMS-related contaminations of the EEG signal. Results: When TMS was applied at visual stimulus onset, VEPs (as calculated by subtraction) perfectly matched control VEPs to visual stimulation alone. TMS at around P1, in contrast, modified the targeted (P1) and the subsequent VEP component (N1), independently of whether TMS was given at build-up or peak. Conclusions: The retrieval of regular VEPs with concomitant TMS at visual stimulus onset suggests that the employed EEG system and subtraction procedure are suited for combined EEG-TMS studies. The VEP changes following TMS at around P1 provide direct clues on the temporal dynamics of TMS pulse effects on functional activity in the human brain. Our data suggest effects of relatively long duration (,100 ms) when TMS is applied while functional neuronal activity evolves. q 2003 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Expanding the population genetic perspective of cnidarian-Symbiodinium symbioses

The modern synthesis was a seminal period in the biological sciences, establishing many of the core principles of evolutionary biology that we know today. Significant catalysts were the contributions of R.A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright (and others) developing the theoretical underpinning of population genetics, thus demonstrating adaptive evolution resulted from the interplay of forces such as natural selection and mutation within groups of individuals occupying the same space and time (i.e. a population). Given its importance, it is surprising that detailed population genetic data remain lacking for numerous organisms vital to many ecosystems. For example, the coral reef ecosystem is well recognized for its high biodiversity and productivity, numerous ecological services and significant economic and societal values (Moberg & Folke 1999; Cinner 2014). Many coral reef invertebrates form symbiotic relationships with single-celled dinoflagellates within the genus Symbiodinium Freudenthal (Taylor 1974), with hosts providing these (typically) intracellular symbionts with by-products of metabolism and in turn receiving photosynthetically fixed carbon capable of meeting hosts’ respiratory demands (Falkowski et al. 1984; Muscatine et al. 1984). Unfortunately, the health and integrity of the coral reef ecosystem has been significantly and negatively impacted by onslaughts like anthropogenic eutrophication and disease in addition to global climate change, with increased incidences of ‘bleaching’ events (characterized as the loss of photosynthetic pigments from the algal cell or massive reduction of Symbiodinium density from hosts’ tissue) and host mortality leading to staggering declines in geographic coverage (Bruno & Selig 2007) that have raised questions on the viability of this ecosystem as we know it (Bellwood et al. 2004; Parmesan 2006). One avenue towards anticipating the future of the coral reef ecosystem is by developing a broader and deeper understanding of the current genotypic diversity encompassed within and between populations of their keystone species, the scleractinian corals and dinoflagellate symbionts, as they potentially possess functional variation (either singularly or in combination) that may come under selection due to the ongoing and rapid environmental changes they are experiencing. However, such studies, especially for members of the genus Symbiodinium, are sparse. In this issue, Baums et al. (2014) provide a significant contribution by documenting the range-wide population genetics of Symbiodinium ‘fitti’ (Fig. 1) in the context of complementary data from its host, the endangered Caribbean elkhorn coral Acropora palmata (Fig. 1). Notable results of this study include a single S. ‘fitti’ genotype typically dominates an individual A. palmata colony both spatially and temporally, gene flow among coral host populations is a magnitude higher to that of its symbiont populations, and the partners possess disparate patterns of genetic differentiation across the Greater Caribbean. The implications of such findings are discussed herein.
Generation and Reactions of Alkenyllithium Reagents: 2‐Butylbornene

Generation and Reactions of Alkenyllithium Reagents: 2-Butylbornene reactant: 30.4 g (0.20 mol) of d-camphor product: 2-Butylbornene intermediate: 40.0 g (0.092 mol) of d-camphor 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazone byproduct: bornylene Keywords: addition, to CO; alkenylation, C-alkenylation; alkylation, C-alkylation; grignard and related reactions; metalation reactions, lithium; assay methods, for sec-butyllithium, with diphenylacetic acid or by double titration with benzoic acid and allyl chloride; butyl bromide; 2-lithiobornene; tetramethylethylenediamine
On the solution of the Zakai equation for the process diagnostics problem

Fault detection and diagnosis is modelled as the nonlinear filtering problem of a linear systems with jumping parameters. Assuming that faults occur according to a stationary finite state Markov process, the optimal filter is represented in terms of a vector Zakai equation. This equation can be solved explicitly in a manner that reveals both the realization as well as the physical meaning of several suboptimal filtering schemes.
Role of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Neonatal Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus

The role of antibody and, in particular, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies, in preventing or reducing the severity of infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) in neonates is controversial. We have shown that human and murine neonates, in contrast with adults, are relatively deficient in ADCC leukocyte effector cell function. In an adoptive transfer model, the combination of ADCC-active human leukocytes and antibody to HSV could protect neonatal mice from lethal infection with HSV. Use of cells defective in ADCC function (e.g., from human neonates or patients with the CD11,18 deficiency in cell surface adhesive integrin) could not provide protection in this model. Finally, in human neonates the level of ADCC antibody at the time of infection with HSV was associated with severity of illness. Thus, ADCC is an important host defense against neonatal infection with HSV.
Protection from cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage with an analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Abstract A mouse model for cyclophosphamideinduced testicular damage has been created which produces severe damage to both spermatogonia and maturing spermatocytes. Pretreatment and continued administration of [D-leu 6 ]-des-Gly-NH 2 10 pro-ethylamide GnRH, a synthetic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, produces striking protection from the histologically detectable cyclophosphamide-induced damage. These results suggest that temporary interruption of the pituitarygonadal axis may ameliorate the gonadal toxicity of systemic chemotherapy.
Convergence of agricultural intensification and climate change in the Midwestern United States: implications for soil and water conservation

Society faces substantial challenges to expand food production while adapting to climatic changes and ensuring ecosystem services are maintained. A convergence of these issues is occurring in the Midwestern United States, i.e. the ‘cornbelt’ region that provides substantial grain supplies to world markets but is also well known for its contribution to hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico due to agricultural nutrient losses. This review examines anticipated trends in climate and possible consequences for grain production and soil resource management in this region. The historic climate of this region has been ideal for large-scale agriculture, and its soils are among the world’s most productive. Yet under current trends, degradation of the soil resource threatens our capacity to ensure a stable food supply and a clean environment in the face of a changing climate. A set of strategies and practices can be implemented to meet these challenges by maintaining and improving hydrologic and plant-growth functions of soil, which will improve outcomes for aquatic ecosystems and for the agricultural sector. Soil management ensures our long-term capacity to provide a reliable food supply, and mitigates pressures to expand agricultural practices into marginal croplands that would lead to further environmental degradation.
Resonant heavy-ion elastic scattering from s-d shell nuclei

Angular distributions at angles $130\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}l{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{cm}}l180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ have been measured for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ + $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ as well as $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$, $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ + $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ in the energy range $20 \mathrm{MeV}l{E}_{\mathrm{cm}}l35 \mathrm{MeV}$. Cross sections rising towards 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are observed for all reactions. Excitation functions for the back angle enhancement show distinct structures, most pronounced for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ + $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$. Angular distributions for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, especially those corresponding to peaks in the excitation function show oscillations of the type ${P}_{J}^{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$. The $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ back angle enhancement decreases with target mass. Backscattering of the non-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ nuclei $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ and $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ is reduced by about two orders of magnitude in comparison with $^{12}\mathrm{C}$. Standard theoretical approaches fail to explain all the observed effects.
Setting the Standards for Coaching Curriculums: What Should It Take to Be a Coach?.

Abstract While most athletic administrators agree that on-the-job performance and behavior is a result of preparatory experiences, there is probably less concurrence on what types of educational preparation and prior experiences adequately prepare effective coaches.
Bacillus sphaericus bacteraemia in children with cancer: case reports and literature review

In the period 1989-1999, Bacillus sphaericus was demonstrated to cause 12 out of 469 (2%) episodes of bacteraemia in children with cancer or receiving bone marrow transplant at G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy. Neutropenia was present in five episodes, six episodes, (all without neutropenia) were related to the presence of a central venous catheter, and one episode occurred in a patient with intestinal graft vs. host disease and gut colonization. All patients survived. Ciprofloxacin was the only drug active against all the isolated strains.Bacillus sphaericus represents a new cause of infection in the immunocompromised host, with low aggressiveness, but a peculiar pattern of antibiotic susceptibility.
Spanish Language Interference with Acoustic-Phonetic Skills and Reading

The effects of Spanish language interference with auditory conceptualization and reading were studied in second graders. It was predicted that (a) Mexican-American Ss receive lower auditory conceptualization scores on a Spanish interference test than on a noninterference test, (b) degree of interference is positively related to reading ability among Mexican-American Ss, and (c) auditory conceptualization is positively related to reading level, regardless of ethnic group. The findings supported predictions (a) and (c), but not (b). It was concluded that though auditory conceptualization is strongly related to reading, Spanish language interference with auditory conceptualization does not extend to reading skill. In addition, caution concerning interpretation of auditory conceptualization scores was urged in the light of their strong relationship with SES.
Suppression of rheumatoid factor production by methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for differential influences of therapy and clinical status on IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor expression

Suppression of rheumatoid factor (RF) production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been variably attributed to the use of remittive agents per se or to clinical improvement associated with their use. There have been conflicting reports with regard to the influence of methotrexate (MTX) on serum RF levels in RA. We determined IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels in paired serum samples (obtained at study entry and completion) from RA patients enrolled in multicenter trials with the Cooperative Systematic Studies of Rheumatic Diseases program. After exclusion of the 14 IgM-RF-negative sera, there were samples from 30 MTX-treated patients and 52 placebo-treated patients. Changes in IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels were weakly associated with each other. Significant decreases in IgM-RF levels were observed in the MTX-treated patients, but not in the placebo group. These changes were most significant in the MTX-treated patients who improved clinically. There were significant decreases in IgA-RF levels at study completion among MTX-treated patients who had improved clinically and those who had not improved clinically, but not in the placebo group. The contributions of clinical improvement and MTX treatment to changes in serum IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels were examined using a logistic regression model. Changes in IgM-RF were strongly related to MTX treatment and, to a lesser extent, to clinical improvement; changes in IgA-RF were related only to MTX treatment. These results indicate that MTX treatment per se decreases both IgM-RF and IgA-RF levels, whereas clinical improvement correlates with decreased IgM-RF levels only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uncovering the link between malfunctions in Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell division and tumorigenesis

Asymmetric cell division is a developmental process utilized by several organisms. On the most basic level, an asymmetric division produces two daughter cells, each possessing a different identity or fate. Drosophila melanogaster progenitor cells, referred to as neuroblasts, undergo asymmetric division to produce a daughter neuroblast and another cell known as a ganglion mother cell (GMC). There are several features of asymmetric division in Drosophila that make it a very complex process, and these aspects will be discussed at length. The cell fate determinants that play a role in specifying daughter cell fate, as well as the mechanisms behind setting up cortical polarity within neuroblasts, have proved to be essential to ensuring that neurogenesis occurs properly. The role that mitotic spindle orientation plays in coordinating asymmetric division, as well as how cell cycle regulators influence asymmetric division machinery, will also be addressed. Most significantly, malfunctions during asymmetric cell division have shown to be causally linked with neoplastic growth and tumor formation. Therefore, it is imperative that the developmental repercussions as a result of asymmetric cell division gone awry be understood.
Self-compassion, Body Image, and Self-reported Disordered Eating

Negative body image and disordered eating are pervasive problems among young girls and women in American society. In a daily diary study and a lab-based assessment, we examined the hypothesis that self-compassion for negative appearance-related events and perceived body flaws would predict healthier eating behavior in college-age women. Results of Study 1 indicated that on days when participants reported higher levels of appearance-related self-compassion, they also reported lower levels of disordered eating. Results of Study 2 indicated that participants who responded to a perceived body flaw in a self-compassionate way were significantly lower in subsequent self-reported body shame and anticipated disordered eating. Among those participants who exhibited restrained eating in a lab-based assessment, participants higher in self-compassion also reported lower weight-gain concern and self- punishment motives for their eating behavior. Body shame mediated the relationship between self-compassion and two meas...
Geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust: DSDP/ODP Hole 504B – Implications for seawater‐crust exchange budgets and Sr‐ and Pb‐isotopic evolution of the mantle

[1] This paper presents petrographic, chemical, and isotopic (Sr, S) analyses of whole rock samples from a 1.8 km section of upper ocean crust (DSDP/ODP Hole 504B). The samples were selected to cover all lithologies (pillows, flows, breccias, dikes) and alteration/mineralization styles. The chemical and petrographic data were used to calculate weighted averages for upper crustal composition, based on which seawater-ocean crust exchange fluxes were calculated. These results confirm earlier estimates that identify the upper crust as a significant sink for K and Mg and a source of Ca and Si to the oceans. Changes in trace element geochemistry implies that the upper ocean crust in 504B is a sink for CO2, Rb, Cs, and U, although the flux rates are an order of magnitude smaller than suggests by previous estimates for DSDP Sites 417 and 418 in 118 Ma Atlantic crust. Fluxes of these components are similar, within a factor of four, to flux rates estimated for the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank, which may relate to similarities in the thermal and hydrogeological evolution at both sites that is controlled by rapid termination of fluid circulation and conductive reheating of the upper crust. The contrast between the fluxes of trace elements derived for those settings and the open-ocean sites 417/418 likely reflects prolonged fluid-rock interaction at the latter location. If the Mg uptake and Sr exchange reconstructed from 504B core is representative, ridge flank hydrothermal alteration cannot account for the imbalance in the Mg and Sr budgets of the oceans. Up to 10% of the crustal Pb resides in the mineralized parts of the transition zone between the volcanic section and the sheeted dike complex. Combined, the Pb mobilized in the deepest parts of the hydrothermal systems (probably not penetrated in 504B) and hosted in metalliferous sediments and mineralized stockwork may account for the Pb surplus of the continental crust and the evolution of Ce/Pb of the mantle. Hydrothermal alteration results in net increases of Rb/Sr and U/Pb, in particular in the uppermost 600 m of crust, but the increases are not large enough to make altered upper ocean crust a plausible precursor for the HIMU mantle component. Moreover, the fractionation between Th and Pb, if any, is insufficient to account for the development of highly radiogenic 208Pb/204Pb in a HIMU mantle source. Potential HIMU precursors can be derived from altered ocean crust after 1–2 Ga, if on the order of 80–90% Pb, 40–55% Rb, 40% Sr, and 35–40%U are removed during partial dehydration in subduction zones.
Sleep disordered breathing in patients with cluster headache

To the Editor: Chervin et al.1 report on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 20 of 25 patients (80%) with cluster headache (CH). The only other study in this field found OSA in six of 10 patients with CH.2 Although the two studies1,2⇓ show that CH and OSA are related, they do not indicate whether this link is causal. Chervin et al.1 state that two of their three patients with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment improved in their headaches. Further treatment success could therefore ascertain a causal relationship. We report on a 48-year-old man (body mass index 28.7 kg/m2) with a history of episodic cluster headache for more than 20 years who had at least two headaches per night. The onset of the headache was exclusively out of sleep. Polysomnographically, we found mixed apneas …
Effect of low temperature annealing on high field magnetoresistance and hall effect in (Ga,Mn)As Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors

In this paper we report the effect of low temperature annealing on the high field magnetotransport properties of epitaxial thin films of (Ga, Mn)As Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor (DMS) with low concentration (1.5 %) of Mn doping, which results in a ferromagnetic insulator. Annealing at an optimal temperature enhances the conductivity, carrier concentration, and ferromagnetic transition temperature. The field dependence of magnetoresistance is different below and above the ferromagnetic transition temperature. An attempt is made to analyze the data using a theoretical model proposed by Kaminski and Das Sarma [1].
Interference of Bromide in the Zak Ferric Chloride-Sulfuric Acid Cholesterol Method, and Means of Eliminating This Interference

It is shown that the ferric chloride-sulfuric acid color reaction for cholesterol gives erroneously high results in the presence of even traces of bromide. This bromide interference is eliminated by shaking the serum with silver iodate prior to extraction with ethanol-acetone.
Mullite-SiC Whisker and Mullite-ZrO 2 -SiC Whisker Composites

The effect of a transformation-toughened ZrO2 phase, and the incorporation of SiC whiskers on the microstructure and physical, mechanical and electrical properties were investigated. High-purity mullite-SiC whisker composites and mullite-ZrO2-SiC whisker composites were fabricated by hot pressing, using a matrix prepared by the alkoxide process. Varying amounts of ZrO2 stabilization were achieved by varying amounts ofY2O3 and MgO additions. Composites and matrices were characterized by microstructural studies, thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity, room temperature strength (as fabricated and after thermal exposure), elevated temperature strength, high temperature crack growth, deformation and creep, fracture toughness, thermal shock, and permittivity, permeability, impedance and resistivity.
Latency Analysis for Inter-Vehicle Communications

The study done by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) shows that developing automotive collision warning and avoidance systems will be very effective in order to significantly reduce fatalities, injuries and associated costs. In order to develop an automotive collision warning and avoidance system, it will be necessary that the vehicles should be able to exchange (in real-time) their dynamic information such as speed, acceleration, direction, relative position, status of some devices like brake, steering wheel, gas pedal, etc. The only feasible way to exchange the vehicles’ dynamic information will be through the use of wireless communication technology. However, the wireless link setup time and communication latencies should be under certain bounds so that the vehicles can appropriately react on time to avoid collisions. This paper will present results from an experimental setup that simulates inter-vehicle communications. The experimental setup has been prepared using a number of CAN and Bluetooth modules. The communication system of each vehicle has been simulated using several CAN nodes and a wireless module. In addition, a number of stand-alone Bluetooth modules have been used in the experiment to increase the wireless communication traffic through the air. An event such as pressing the brake pedal or turning on the turn signals has been simulated using buttons. At the occurrence of an event, the simulated vehicle system automatically sends a message through its CAN bus, then it broadcasts the message via its wireless module. Other simulated vehicles receive the message via their wireless modules and then send the message via their CAN buses. Eventually the message triggers some actuators in the destination vehicles. The latencies have been measured from the time an event occurred and until the time some actions have been taken by the actuators of the destination vehicles. The paper presents results on inter-vehicle communication latencies under various types of traffic conditions. Other researchers and engineers will get valuable information from this paper which will help them in designing wireless communication systems for the future vehicles. INTRODUCTION In this paper, we design a system, as shown in Figure 1, to simulate inter-vehicle communication system. Two vehicles, A and B, have CAN-wireless gateway connected to their in-vehicle CAN bus. The gateway on one vehicle converts its in-vehicle CAN message into wireless message and transmits it onto the air. The other vehicle then receives the wireless message and converts it into a CAN message. This way, these two vehicles communicate with each other.