cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetocaloric behavior and magnetic ordering in MnPdGa

MnPdGa, a compound crystallizing in the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{In}$ structure, is a material displaying magnetic ordering near room temperature and is a potential ambient-temperature magnetocaloric. Screening based on electronic structure calculations suggest that MnPdGa may exhibit a high magnetocaloric figure of merit due to its strong magnetostructural coupling. Here we report the preparation of MnPdGa and employ high--resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction to confirm its hexagonal ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{In}$-type structure. The zero-field ground state is shown to be a conical spin-wave state, defined by a long-range modulation of the conventional conical antiferromagnet structure. Near the Curie temperature, the measurements carried out here coupled with electronic structure calculations suggest that a fully ferromagnetic state can form at elevated temperatures under an applied field. A peak magnetocaloric entropy change $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{S}_{M}=\ensuremath{-}3.54\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{kg}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ($30.1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) is measured at ${T}_{C}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}315\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ at an applied field $H=5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. The exchange-driven, nontrivial magnetic structure found in MnPdGa is compared with the somewhat better-studied MnPtGa on the basis of electronic structure calculations.
A patient with concurrent multiple sclerosis and moyamoya disease.

Summary Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare vasculopathy and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which causes CNS demyelination. While most literature has focused on misdiagnosis of MMD as an “MS-mimic”, we present a patient in which both co-existed. Methods Case Report Results A 57-year-old woman presented with gait dysfunction and paresthesias in both feet. MRI revealed brain and spinal cord lesions consistent with MS. Vessel imaging revealed multivessel stenosis consistent with MMD. Lumbar puncture demonstrated oligoclonal bands, leading to two diagnoses, MS and MMD. Conclusions MS can exist concurrently with MMD, potentially due to underlying propensity for autoimmunity.
The effects of neuroplasticity-based auditory information processing remediation in adults with chronic traumatic brain injury.

Background Adults with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) may experience long-term deficits in multiple cognitive domains. Higher-order functions, such as verbal memory, are impacted by deficits in the ability to acquire verbal information. Objective This study investigated the effects of a neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation program for auditory information processing in adults with a chronic TBI. Methods Forty-eight adults with TBI were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Both groups underwent a neuropsychological assessment at baseline and post-training. The Intervention group received 40 one-hour cognitive training sessions with the Brain Fitness Program. Results The intervention group improved in performance on measures of the Woodcock-Johnson-III Understanding Directions subtest and Trail Making Test Part-A. They also reported improvement on the cognitive domain of the Cognitive Self-Report Questionnaire. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that a neuroplasticity-based computerized cognitive remediation program may improve objective and subjective cognitive function in adults with TBI several years post-injury.
The relationship between fertility history and incident dementia in the US Health and Retirement Study.

OBJECTIVES An emerging literature suggests that fertility history, which includes measures of parity and birth timing, may influence cognitive health in older ages, especially among women given their differential exposure to pregnancy and sex hormones. Yet, few studies have examined associations between measures of fertility history and incident dementia in population-based samples. METHODS We examined the associations between parity, younger age at first birth, and older age at last birth with incident dementia over a 16-year period in a prospective sample of 15,361 men and women aged 51-100 years at baseline drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. We used Cox regression and the Fine and Gray model to obtain cause-specific (csHRs) and subdistribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) for incident dementia from gender-stratified models in which we accounted for the semi-competing risk of death. RESULTS During the follow-up period (median 13.0 years), the crude incidence rate for dementia was 16.6 and 19.9 per 1,000 person-years for men and women, respectively. In crude models estimating csHRs, higher parity (vs. parity 2) and younger age at first birth were associated with increased risk of dementia for both genders. These associations did not persist after full covariate adjustment. Across all models in which we estimated sdHRs, we observed a positive relationship between older age at last birth and incident dementia for women only. DISCUSSION In this population-based, multi-ethnic cohort, we observed limited evidence for an association between measures of fertility history and incident dementia among men and women after adjusting for potential confounders.
Classification of Feeds

Feeds are generally classified into two broad categories, namely concentrates and forages. Concentrates are feeds which are high in energy content. The protein content in concentrates varies tremendously, from 2 to 80%. Forages, on the other hand, have a much narrower range in protein content, from 2 to 22%. One of the most distinguishing characteristics of forages is their high fiber content. The vitamin and mineral contents of concentrates and forages are in general for the most part rather similar.
Bitmap index-based decision trees

In this paper we propose an original approach to apply data mining algorithms, namely decision tree-based methods, taking into account not only the size of processed databases but also the processing time. The key idea consists in constructing a decision tree, within the DBMS, using bitmap indices. Indeed bitmap indices have many useful properties such as the count and bit-wise operations. We will show that these operations are efficient to build decision trees. In addition, by using bitmap indices, we don't need to access raw data. This implies clear improvements in terms of processing time.
The state of cluster SH and S2- of aconitase during cluster interconversions and removal. A convenient preparation of apoenzyme.

During the interconversion of the various cluster types observed in aconitase ([4Fe-4S]1+,2+, [3Fe-4S]0,1+, cubane, or linear types) and production of apoenzyme, changes int he state of the sulfur ligands (RSH and S2-) are bound to occur. We have attempted to obtain information on such changes by interception of SH groups and/or by analysis of the resulting cluster or apoprotein for various forms of sulfur and enzymatic activity. During cluster interconversions no evidence was obtained for changes in SH titer that could be associated with cluster ligands. We conclude from this that the ligand exchange at the cluster is too rapid to allow trapping even by SH reagents of low Mr. The possibility that released SH becomes buried in the protein structure and unreactive cannot be entirely discounted. On formation of the apoenzyme by oxidation with ferricyanide, four SH groups per molecule became unavailable for reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); instead, while the holoenzyme contains no disulfides or S(0), two di- or polysulfides were found in the apoenzyme indicating that, on an average, four SH groups and three of the original four S(2-) ligands are trapped as RS-Sx-SR. In agreement with this conclusion is the fact that the apoenzyme can be reconstituted without addition of S(2-). A convenient preparative procedure for reconstitutable apoenzyme in 75% yield is [3Fe-4S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters with a variety of combinations of iron and sulfur isotopes as required for Mossbauer, resonance Raman, and electron nuclear double resonance studies.
Strategies for Preventing False Confessions and Their Consequences

Researchers have amply documented that contemporary methods of psychological interrogation can, and sometimes do, lead innocent individuals to confess falsely to serious crimes. The consequences of these false confessions can be disastrous for innocent individuals. This chapter reviews the primary causes of false confession and resultant miscarriages of justice that are subject to the influence of law enforcement and the courts. We first review the major identifiable causes of false confession, offering suggestions for ways to minimize or avoid them. We offer four primary strategies for prevention of false confessions: (i) interrogation only of those for whom there is sufficient probable cause to support guilt; (ii) educating law enforcement concerning the potential for and causes of false confessions; (iii) avoiding practices known to promote false confession; and (iv) greater training and sensitivity to the psychological vulnerabilities that render some suspects unusually susceptible to influence. Finally, we outline strategies for recognizing false confessions when they do occur, and thereby for minimizing their consequences.
Advanced nano-crystalline Si:H solar cell structures using novel transparent conducting light trapping oxides (TLCO)

For the achievement of maximum current density in nc-Si solar cells, transparent conducting light trapping oxides (TCLO) are developed to increase the optical path length of sunlight in the cells and to eliminate free carrier absorption in the transparent conducting oxides used at various locations in the cells. One possibility for the TCLO is a bilayer of high-mobility, titanium- or molybdenum-doped indium oxide (ITiO or IMO) and intrinsic-ZnO with specific light trapping structure. In order to increase the absorption in both short-wavelength and long-wavelength regions, we fabricate the TCLO with dual feature sizes that correspond to the whole wavelength range (up to 1150 nm). Further, fabrication and characterization of the first single-layer TCLO is presented using ITiO. Microstructural analysis of such layers reveals remarkable surface features made up of 'nanorods' with width and length of /spl sim/50 nm and /spl sim/500 nm, respectively. Application of TCLOs as superstates for p-i-n nc-Si: H solar cells increased the current density by about /spl sim/30% compared to solar cells on commercial textured substrates.
The Quaternary Structure of Proteins Composed of Identical Subunits

The possible structures which could arise on assembly of identical subunits into oligomeric structures have been made by assuming (a) that these are closed structures, (b) that whatever conformational changes occur on association are the same for each subunit, and (c) that there is no a priori reason for preferring a particular type of binding domain. When such an analysis is applied to dimers, trimers, and tetramers, it is seen that structures with heterologous binding sites are as likely as structures with isologous binding sites if thermodynamic considerations alone are relevant. Proteins with mixed isologous and heterologous binding sites are also found to be possible under some circumstances assuming possible values for subunit interaction constants. An analysis of the quantities of trimers, dimers, and monomers produced on dissociation of a tetramer shows that certain limits can be placed on the amounts of the dissociated species based on the possible protein structures. These limits therefore provide possible diagnostic tests for exploring protein design.
Bound princes and monogamy warnings: "Harry Potter," slash, and queer performance in LiveJournal communities

Media fans often refer to their texts, practices, productions, and selves as works in progress—unfinished, in-between, and transformative. This article applies theoretical models of performance to the fannish practice of crafting slash fan fiction within LiveJournal communities. By examining the content and form of the fiction itself, its mode of production, and fannish interactions, this paper discusses fan practices as opportunities for media fans to engage in individual and collective performances that negotiate hegemonic norms of gender and sexuality. These negotiations often illustrate a disconnect between social conditioning and female desire in heteronormative and patriarchal culture, and demonstrate the utility of theories of performance in studying individual and collective fannish engagement with texts as a means of intervening in the world.
Ultrasound detection of soft and bony tissues in congenital hand malformations: examples taken in daily paediatric surgical clinics

According to the everyday use of ultrasound in the whole field of paediatric surgery we would like to define its potential role in the assessment of congenital hand malformation (CHM). We therefore tested it for several diagnoses like digitus saltans, camptodactylism, triphalangeal thumb and syndrome-associated malformations in comparison as well as in addition to clinical and x-ray findings. All soft and bony tissue details could be displayed reasonable giving the paediatric surgeon additional information. Additional information that is available at the bedside, non-invasive, less costly and does not use ionising radiation.
Transgressors, victims, and cry babies: Is basic moral judgment spared in autism?

Human social intelligence comprises a wide range of complex cognitive and affective processes that appear to be selectively impaired in autistic spectrum disorders. The study of these neuro-developmental disorders and the study of canonical social intelligence have advanced rapidly over the last twenty years by investigating the two together. Specifically, studies of autism have provided important insights into the nature of "theory of mind" abilities, their normal development and underlying neural systems. At the same time, the idea of impaired development of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying "theory of mind" has shed new light on the nature of autistic disorders. This general approach is not restricted to the study of impairments but extends to mapping areas of social intelligence that are spared in autism. Here we investigate basic moral judgment and find that it appears to be substantially intact in children with autism who are severely impaired in "theory of mind". At the same time, we extend studies of moral reasoning in normal development by way of a new control task, the "cry baby" task. Cry baby scenarios, in which the distress of the victim is "unreasonable" or "unjustified," do not elicit moral condemnation from normally developing preschoolers or from children with autism. Judgments of moral transgressions in which the victim displays distress are therefore not likely the result of a simple automatic reaction to distress and more likely involve moral reasoning. Mapping the cognitive comorbidity patterns of disordered development must encompass both impairments and sparings because both are needed to make sense of the neural and genetic levels.
Light-Driven Transmembrane Ion Transport by Spiropyran−Crown Ether Supramolecular Assemblies

Spiropyrans undergo reversible photoisomerization between their ring-closed (spiro) and ring-open (merocyanine) forms when exposed alternately to ultraviolet and visible light. Rates of K+ ion leakage from phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles containing a K+-selective crown ether attached to an amphiphilic spiropyran increased markedly when the vesicle assembly was illuminated with UV light. This effect was fully reversible, with K+ leak rates returning to their basal levels upon illumination with visible light. In contrast, UV-induced photoisomerization of a similar spiropyran−crown construct that did not strongly coordinate K+ was not accompanied by enhancement of K+ leakage. Transient spectrophotometry revealed that, immediately following photoisomerization, the merocyanine form of the dye was in a moderately polar environment, consistent with its location in the glycerophosphate backbone region of the vesicle. Within several milliseconds, the polarity of the environment increased, as indicated by ...
Autophagy in infection

Autophagy is a ubiquitous eukaryotic cytoplasmic quality and quantity control pathway. The role of autophagy in cytoplasmic homeostasis seamlessly extends to cell-autonomous defense against intracellular microbes. Recent studies also point to fully integrated, multitiered regulatory and effector connections between autophagy and nearly all facets of innate and adaptive immunity. Autophagy in the immune system as a whole confers measured immune responses; on the flip side, suppression of autophagy can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, as evidenced by Crohn's disease predisposition polymorphisms in autophagy basal apparatus (Atg16L) and regulatory (IRGM) genes. Polymorphisms in the IRGM gene in human populations have also been linked to predisposition to tuberculosis. There are several areas of most recent growth: first, links between autophagy regulators and infectious disease predisposition in human populations; second, demonstration of a role for autophagy in infection control in vivo in animal models; third, the definition of specific antiautophagic defenses in highly evolved pathogens; and fourth, recognition of connections between the ubiquitin system and autophagy of bacteria (and interestingly mitochondria, which are incidentally organelles of bacterial evolutionary origin) via a growing list of modifier and adapter proteins including p62/SQSTM1, NDP52, Atg32, Parkin, and Nix/BNIP3L.
Prominence as a Determinant of Bargaining Outcomes

An experiment designed to test Schelling's notion of prominence in conflict resolution varied the fairness of a mediator's suggestion and the opportunity to communicate. The conflict, drawn from one of Schelling's original examples, involved a hypothetical lost sum of money in which a mediator is called in to help settle the dispute between the loser and finder. It was predicted that the prominence effect would be strongest where the mediator's suggestion fell within accepted standards of fairness and where communication was prevented. Both predictions were generally confirmed as to frequency of specific outcomes, but mean outcomes did not seem to be affected by prominence. In addition, the use and functions of various kinds of norms in bargaining were discussed.
Vocal cord paralysis in premature infants undergoing ductal closure.

Abstract A series of 106 consecutive ductal closures in premature infants was reviewed to assess the incidence of left vocal cord paralysis. To our knowledge, this syndrome is described for the first time in premature infants. In our experience, it is a relatively benign complication that completely resolves clinically in several weeks. This complication occurred in 5.2% of patients closed by suture ligature and in none of those closed by a surgical clip. Although the series is too small for this difference to be statistically significant, we believe it strongly favors the use of the clip, with less dissection.
The differential perception of accountants to Maccoby's head/heart traits

We in the accounting profession have long shown an interest in presenting an ethical image. But are accountants more ethical than others in the business world? In order to answer that question, a survey was mailed to 250 lower-level accounting professionals to determine their perceptions of the importance of nineteen head and heart trait items first identified by Maccoby. The results, based on 134 replies, indicate that accountants have a higher perception of the importance of the heart traits that have been associated with ethical inclinations than both managers and business students surveyed previously. However, in that head trait items still dominate in terms of importance, if accountants are more ethical, it is not to an overwhelming degree.
Covariant treatment of collisions in particle physics

The use of relativistic frame invariants is very well established, especially when it comes to the energy-momentum. In the current paper we show how the conservation of the energy and momentum applies to collisions of particles moving at relativistic speeds, like the ones encountered in nuclear accelerators. We derive the equations for two main types of collisions: elastic and inelastic. The starting point in both cases is the well known theorems of conservation of total energy and conservation of momentum for isolated systems. The covariance, once proven, becomes a very useful tool due to the fact that researchers can use any inertial frame in solving the particle collision problems, thus greatly simplifying the solutions.
Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Are Required for the Induction of a Pulmonary Inflammatory Response Mediated by CD40 Ligation

The expression of inflammatory mediators by various cells following in vitro CD40 ligation is well known. However, knowledge of the role and interaction with these cells in the establishment and maintenance of in vivo immune-mediated inflammation is limited. In this report, a chimeric mouse model based on CD40 knockout and wild-type mice was used to assess the role of bone marrow (BM)-derived and non-BM-derived cells in a CD40-mediated pulmonary inflammation response. CD40+ BM-derived cells were required for initial cell recruitment, pulmonary edema, and weight loss associated with this response. The structural CD40+ non-BM-derived cells of the lung, such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, could not by themselves establish any level of pulmonary inflammation. However, both the CD40+ BM-derived cells and the structural CD40+ non-BM-derived cells of the lung were required to maximize the level of pulmonary inflammation. Both B cells and T cells played a contributing role in macrophage recruitment and pulmonary edema but neither contributed to the inflammation-associated weight loss. These experiments indicate that CD40+ BM-derived cells were critical to the induction of pulmonary inflammation and that alveolar macrophages, B cells, and T cells contributed to selective aspects of the response.
Importance of cystourethrography in neonates with imperforate anus

Infants born with imperforate anus have a high incidence of genitourinary anomalies. Vesicoureteral reflux was the most common abnormality in this series. Since these patients often have bacteriuria, this is an important finding. An intravenous pyelogram and voiding cystourethrogram should be part of the evaluation of each neonate with imperforate anus. Persistent cloaca, a frequent finding in the female patients, may require special diagnostic attention.
CYP2E1 inhibition enhances mallory body formation

Mallory body (MB) formation is a complex phenomenon seen in chronic liver disease. CYP2E1 may play a role in preventing MB formation since it is involved in the elimination of toxic drugs and chemicals. When mice were fed with diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) for 10 weeks, Mallory bodies (MBs) developed in the liver at the end of this period. When DDC feeding was combined with CMZ (an efficient in vivo CYP2E1 inhibitor), more MBs formed compared to DDC feeding alone. DDC was shown to be a suicide inhibitor of CYP2E1. The level of CYP2E1 protein in the liver was further reduced by the DDC and CMZ treatment when measured by Western blot. To test whether CYP2E1 reduced MB formation, CYP2E1 knockout mice and CYP2E1 overexpressed mice were fed with DDC or DDC and CMZ for 10 weeks. MB formation increased markedly in the liver of CYP2E1 knockout mice when fed with DDC only. CYP2E1 overexpressed mice showed an increase in MB formation when the mice were fed with the combination of DDC and CMZ where the amount of CYP2E1 was reduced to levels seen in wild type mice. It was concluded that CYP2E1 inhibits MB formation by increasing the rate of elimination of DDC and/or its toxic intermediates.
Switching cells and their implications for power electronic circuits

This paper will introduce two basic switching cells, P-cell and N-cell, along with their implications and applications in power electronic circuits. The concept of switching cells in power electronic circuits started in the late 1970's. The basic cells presented in this paper have one switching element (transistor) and one diode. The P-cell is the mirror circuit of the N-cell and vice-versa, and this paper suggests that (1) most power electronic circuits can be analyzed and re-constructed using these basic switching cells, (2) single, dual, and 6-pack switching modules should be configured and laid-out according to the basic switching cells and not necessarily the conventional way used by industry, and (3) many benefits such as minimal parasitic inductance and dead-time elimination or minimization may come about. The present paper will describe the construction and operation of these basic switching cells, and it will also show a sequential method to reconstruct several classical dc-dc converters, a voltage source inverter (VSI), and a current source inverter (CSI) using these basic switching cells. In addition, the use of basic switching cells introduces some new topologies of dc-dc converters that originate from the buck, boost, and Cuk converter for negative input voltages. This paper will also illustrate the experimental results of the new and existing topologies constructed from basic switching cells.
IDENTIFYING HIGH-LEVEL UNIX TASKS

Task analysis (TA) in systems design has a number of goals, including identifying information needed by the user, knowledge and skills that the user needs, and potential errors that the user might make. However, a necessary precursor to TA is to determine what the important tasks are in the first place. This research is aimed at developing a methodology for identifying tasks in command-based human-computer systems. The following paragraphs delineate the motivation for the approach, as well as the general procedures in this methodology.
Methods of Robotics and the Pseudoinverse to Obtain the Least-Squares Fit of Measured Points on Line-Profiles

Tolerances on line profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, such as turbine blades. A full life cycle for many mechanical devices depends (i) on a wise assignment of tolerances during design and (ii) on careful quality control of the manufacturing process to ensure adherence to the specified tolerances. This paper describes a new method to improve the quality control of a manufacturing process by converting measured points on a part to a geometric entity that can be compared directly with tolerance specifications. The focus of this paper is the development of a new computational method for obtaining the least-squares fit of a set of points that have been measured with a coordinate measurement machine along a line-profile. The pseudo-inverse of a rectangular matrix is used to convert the measured points to the least-squares fit of the profile. A numerical example is included for a convex line-profile that is formed from line- and circular arc-segments.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
ON THE APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION METHODS

Yang et al.1 applied an underutilized demographic technique, developed by Kitagawa,2 to decompose temporal trends in low birth-weight (LBW) into changes in the distribution of maternal age and parity versus changes in the age- and parity-specific rates of LBW. The authors concluded that temporal increases in LBW were largely the result of changes in age- and parity-specific rates rather than age–parity distributional shifts. The applied method, which elegantly partitions the difference between 2 aggregate rates into differences in factor-specific rates and differences in factor distribution, requires a population standard to which differences in factor-specific rates and proportions are weighted. Although Yang et al. appropriately noted that the size of the 2 components (rates vs distribution) depends on the choice of the standard population, we were puzzled by the authors’ selection of a standard with the age–parity distribution of 1980 and age-and parity-specific LBW rates of 2000 (equation 1a). The authors could have equally arbitrarily specified the reference as having the 2000 age–parity distribution and the 1980 age- and parity-specific rates (equation 1b): Let L1 and L2 be the crude LBW rates for 1980 and 1990; Nij1/N++1 and Nij2/N++2 the age- and parity-specific proportions of all births in 1980 and 1990, respectively; and Rij1 and Rij2 the age- and parity-specific LBW rates in 1980 and 2000, respectively. To avoid defining the standard population as having the distribution of one time and the factor-specific rates of the other time when comparing the same population at 2 points in time, Kitagawa proposed a symmetric solution using the average age–parity distribution to weight the rate component and the average age- and parity-specific rates to weight the distribution component (equation 2)2: Kitagawa noted that this solution yields estimates that are the average of the components from equations 1a and 1b, which provide the range of variation for each component. By using only equation 1a, Yang et al. calculated only one end of this range. This is analogous to presenting one end of a confidence interval instead of the midpoint. We argue, in agreement with Kitagawa, that equation 2 is the more appropriate solution, because it assumes that both the distribution and the rates changed between the 2 time periods and because it does not favor one time over the other in the weights for the 2 components. Others have developed additional techniques that are useful alternatives under certain conditions.3,4 We venture that Yang et al. may have overestimated the contribution of age–parity distributional changes by applying the now higher LBW rates as weights. Perhaps the authors would consider reporting summary results obtained with our suggested alternative.2 We applaud the use of this underutilized demographic technique and wish only to promote its proper application.
Further comment on the significance of heart rate in cross-laboratory comparison.

Norman and Melville appear to feel that differences from laboratory to laboratory are so pervasive and effective that no useful cross-laboratory interpretations of differences in HR can be made. Elliott argues that the differences, and the absolute levels as well, are useful clues to motivational states, in rough proportion to the size of the samples involved, given certain boundary conditions about what we are willing to call “rest”; and that many of the dimensions of difference said by Norman and Melville to be fundamental are probably irrelevant. A variety of misrepresentations of Elliott's case made by Norman and Melville are discussed.
Calculating standard reduction potentials of [4Fe-4S] proteins.

The oxidation–reduction potentials of electron transfer proteins determine the driving forces for their electron transfer reactions. Although the type of redox site determines the intrinsic energy required to add or remove an electron, the electrostatic interaction energy between the redox site and its surrounding environment can greatly shift the redox potentials. Here, a method for calculating the reduction potential versus the standard hydrogen electrode, E°, of a metalloprotein using a combinatio of density functional theory and continuum electrostatics is presented. This work focuses on the methodology for the continuum electrostatics calculations, including various factors that may affect the accuracy. The calculations are demonstrated using crystal structures of six homologous HiPIPs, which give E° that are in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Model and simulation of exascale communication networks

Exascale supercomputers will have millions or even hundreds of millions of processing cores and the potential for nearly billion-way parallelism. Exascale compute and data storage architectures will be critically dependent on the interconnection network. The most popular interconnection network for current and future supercomputer systems is the torus (eg, k-ary, n-cube). This paper focuses on the modelling and simulation of ultra-large-scale torus networks using Rensselaer's Optimistic Simulator System. We compare real communication delays between our model and the actual torus network from Blue Gene/L using 2048 processors. Our performance experiments demonstrate the ability to simulate million-node to billion-node torus networks. The torus network model for a 16-million-node configuration shows a high degree of strong scaling when going from 1024 cores to 32 768 cores on Blue Gene/L, with a peak event-rate of nearly 5 billion events per second. We also demonstrate the performance of our torus network model configured with 1 billion nodes on both Blue Gene/L and Blue Gene/P systems. The observed best event rate at 128 K cores is 12.36 billion per second on Blue Gene/P.
Changes in groundwater quality in a conduit-flow-dominated karst aquifer, following BMP implementation

Water quality in the Pleasant Grove Spring karst groundwater basin, Logan County, Kentucky, was monitored to determine the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) in protecting karst aquifers. Ninety-two percent of the 4,069-ha (10,054-acre) watershed is used for agriculture. Water-quality monitoring began in October 1992 and ended in November 1998. By the fall of 1995 approximately 72% of the watershed was enrolled in BMPs sponsored by the US Department of Agriculture Water Quality Incentive Program (WQIP). Pre-BMP nitrate-nitrogen concentration averaged 4.65 mg/l. The median total suspended solids concentration was 127 mg/l. The median triazine concentration measured by immunosorbent assay was 1.44 µg/l. Median bacteria counts were 418 colonies per 100 ml (col/100 ml) for fecal coliform and 540 col/100 ml for fecal streptococci. Post-BMP, the average nitrate-nitrogen concentration was 4.74 mg/l. The median total suspended solids concentration was 47.8 mg/l. The median triazine concentration for the post-BMP period was 1.48 µg/l. The median fecal coliform count increased to 432 col/100 ml after BMP implementation, but the median fecal streptococci count decreased to 441 col/100 ml. The pre- and post-BMP water quality was statistically evaluated by comparing the annual mass flux, annual descriptive statistics, and population of analyses for the two periods. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration was unchanged. Increases in atrazine-equivalent flux and triazine geometric averages were not statistically significant. Total suspended solids concentration decreased slightly, whereas orthophosphate concentration increased slightly. Fecal streptococci counts were reduced. The BMPs were only partially successful because the types available and the rules for participation resulted in less effective BMPs being chosen. Future BMP programs in karst areas should emphasize buffer strips around sinkholes, excluding livestock from streams and karst windows, and withdrawing land from production.
NEO-PI-R neuroticism scores in substance-dependent outpatients: internal consistency and self-partner agreement.

We evaluated internal consistency reliabilities and self-partner agreement on Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) Neuroticism (N) domain and facet scores (anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, vulnerability) in a sample of 48 substance-dependent outpatients. Low internal consistency was seen for self-rated impulsiveness (α = .36). Agreement between self and partner reports was low for impulsiveness (.22) and vulnerability (.24) and was modest for the remaining facets of N (.31 to .34) and the N domain score (.31).
Nilpotent locally convex Lie algebras and Lie field structures

The purpose of this work is to join Lie field structures with certain infinite-dimensional Lie algebras with locally convex topology. These topological Lie algebras allow topological groups which are a generalization of the connected nilpotent Lie groups. We showed the existence of the continuous unitary representations of the gained groups and then we proved the analogue of Garding theorem. Using this theorem we established the existence of representations of Lie field structures into Lie algebras of skew-symmetric operators on Hilbert spaces.
Services for Disabled Students at an Urban University

"How did you ever get into services for disabled students?" I was often asked when people discovered where I worked.
Transient phenomena in the photochemistry of trans-azocumene☆

Abstract Laser flash photolysis work demonstrates that the dominant process at room temperature in the photolysis of trans-azocumene is its isomerization to the cis isomer, cumyl radicals are also produced within 20 ns of excitation.
Integrability of derivatives of inverses of maps of exponentially integrable distortion in the plane

Abstract The K-quasiconformal maps form a category which is invariant under inversion, i.e. f and f −1 are simultaneously K-quasiconformal. Maps of exponentially integrable distortion are a useful class for extending the Beltrami equation to a degenerate setting. This class is not invariant under inversion. In this note we show that the inverses of homeomorphisms of exponentially p-integrable distortion have β-integrable distortion for all β p , but not necessarily for β = p .
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic o-phenylene ethynylene oligomers

We have previously reported the synthesis of short o-phenylene ethynylene oligomers with polar triethylene glycol side chains which adopt a helical conformation in solution with three residues per turn. Two new oligomers have been synthesized, a hexamer and a nonamer, incorporating a repeated triad motif of polar–nonpolar–polar sidechains in order to create a hydrophobic stripe in the folded conformation which we report here for the first time. Helical folding in solution was observed and, unlike the previously-reported oligomers, these new oligomers are ordered solids at room temperature. Although these oligomers were designed to assemble into helical bundle-like structures, no evidence for a quaternary-like structure was found. The difference in polarity between alkyl and triethylene glycol side chains is likely not strong enough to induce self-association of folded helices, especially since the molecules are not water soluble where the driving force for association of the nonpolar stripe would be larger. We expect that more polar side chains, granting water solubility, represent an important target for future research.
Effects of water stress on starch and sucrose metabolism in cotton leaves

Studies of starch and sucrose metabolism as influenced by water stress in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have been meager. Therefore, metabolic enzyme activities and metabolites from well hydrated control and partially dehydrated plants were analyzed. Water stress decreases cotton leaf starch content directly by enhancing α-amylase activity and indirectly by altering sucrose metabolism. In inhibition of sucrose synthetase causes an sucrose in the cytoplasm and also contributes to excess orthophosphate amassment in the chloroplasts. Orthophosphate inhibits ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity which is responsible for starch synthesis in the chloroplasts. The generally accepted metabolic relationship that leaf starch content is indirectly controlled by sucrose phosphate synthase activity was not observed.
A dual-application low-power FFT processor for WLAN-integrated SD-OCT systems

This paper presents a dual-application FFT processor for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems integrated with a wireless local area networking (WLAN) module. A high-radix multimode FFT kernel together with the four-path memory-data access scheme is proposed to improve the hardware efficiency. By the proposed memory-based architecture, multimode 2048/1024-point FFT×2 (for SD-OCT) or 128/64-point FFT×4 (for WLAN) can be performed in an energy-efficient manner. A test chip has been designed using a TSMC 0.18µm process with a core area of 4.12 mm2. Through post-layout simulation, the power consumption is 69.2 mW and 72.7 mW at 40 MHz for OCT/2048-point FFT×2 and WLAN/128-point FFT×4 modes, respectively. Compared to the referred, the power saving of 26%∼53% can be achieved using the proposed design.
Restructuring of plasma membrane phospholipids in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout during brief in vitro cold exposure

Adaptive changes in membrane physical properties in response to changing environmental temperature (e.g., inereased fluidity at low growth temperatures) are well known in poikilotherms; however, the timecourse of this response has received little attention. In this study the plasma membrane lipids of hepatocytes prepared from 20°C-acclimated trout were analyzed for phospholipid class and molecular species composition and metabolism after the cells were exposed to 5°C for 6 hours. Proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were not altered by in vitro incubation at either 5 or 20°C. Molecular species analysis revealed that proportions of 18:1/20:5-phosphatidylcholine were significantly lower in plasma membranes of 5°C incubated cells, while decreases in 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phosphatidylcholine species, and 16:0/16:0-phosphatidylethanolamine as well as increases in 16:0/16:1-phosphatidylethanolamine as well as increases in 16:0/16:1-phosphatidylcholine bordered on significance. Exogenous radiolabeled molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (16:0/16:0-phosphatidylcholine and 16:0/18:1-phosphatidylcholine) were converted into other species at both temperatures, and the formation of some was influenced by incubation temperature. For example, cells exposed to 5°C convert significantly more 16:0/16:0-phosphatidylcholine into 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylcholine and 18:0/16:1-phosphatidylcholine and less into 18:1/18:1-phosphatidylcholine and 16:0/22:6-phosphatidylcholine than cells incubated at 20°C. In addition, cells at 5°C metabolized 16:0/18:1-phosphatidylcholine to a lesser extent than those at 20°C. The profile of conversion products indicates that deacylation/reacylation, elongation and desaturation reactions all participate in this early membrane restructuring. It is concluded that the plasma membrane of trout hepatocytes is a highly dynamic structure characterized by continuous lipid restructuring/turnover which can be rapidly altered upon acute cold exposure to adjust membrane phospholipid molecular species composition to the prevailing thermal environment.
WHAT MATTERS IN SURVIVAL

: I examine Derek Parfit's claim that it doesn't matter whether he survives in the future, if someone survives who is psychologically connected to him by “Relation R.” Thus, were his body to perish and be replaced by an exact duplicate, both physically and psychologically identical to him, this would be just as good as “ordinary” survival. Parfit takes the corollary view that replacement of loved ones by exact duplicates is no loss. In contrast, Peter Unger argues that we place nontransferable value in the lives of individual persons. I argue that the question of the preferability of Relation R over identity is unanswerable at present, as such hypothetical situations are too far removed from our experience to allow any reliable responses. I contrast cases involving artifacts, where we can make informed judgments concerning whether a given object's value would be transferred to a duplicate.
Synaptically driven Ca2+ release in hippocampal neurons.

To the Editor: Over the past few years the investigation of intracellular Ca2+ release driven by synaptic input has become a surprisingly competitive area of research. We would call to your reader's notice, the following, from Zhou and Ross ([2002][1], p [1803][2]), which was recently brought to our
Localization of Eigenstates in One-Dimensional Disordered Chains

A new method is presented that permits the direct calculation of a localization parameter for the wave functions in any type of one-dimensional disordered potential chain. The results agree with previous work, and extension to chains of coupled one-dimensional oscillators and electromagnetic waves in stratified media appears to be possible.
Application of the Reina Trust and Betrayal Model to the Experience of Pediatric Critical Care Clinicians

Background Trust is essential in the workplace, yet no systematic studies of trust among pediatric critical care professionals have been done. Objective To determine the feasibility of measuring trust in a pediatric intensive care unit by using established scales from the corporate world and to determine what behaviors build, break, and rebuild trust. Methods The Reina Trust and Betrayal Model was used to explore contractual, competence, and communication trust. Nurses and physicians in a pediatric intensive care unit completed online surveys to measure organizational, team, and patient trust. Quantitative data from 3 standard survey instruments and qualitative responses to 3 open-ended questions were analyzed and compared. Results Quantitative data from all 3 instruments indicated moderate to high levels of trust; scores for competence and contractual trust were higher than scores for communication trust. Scores indicated agreement on behaviors that build trust, such as pointing out risky situations to each other, actively striving to build supportive and productive relationships, and giving and receiving constructive feedback. Foremost among trust-breaking behaviors was gossip, which was more troublesome to respondents with longer experience in critical care. Responses to the open-ended questions underscored these themes. The most frequently cited items included encouraging mutually serving intentions, sharing information, and involving and seeking the input of others. Conclusion The Reina trust scales and open-ended questions are feasible and applicable to pediatric critical care units, and data collected with these instruments are useful in determining what behaviors build, break, and rebuild trust among staff.
Multimodal EEG, MRI and PET data fusion for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis

Alarmingly increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the aging population in developing countries, combined with lack of standardized and conclusive diagnostic procedures, make early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease a major public health concern. While no current medical treatment exists to stop or reverse this disease, recent dementia specific pharmacological advances can slow its progression, making early diagnosis all the more important. Several noninvasive biomarkers have been proposed, including P300 based EEG analysis, MRI volumetric analysis, PET based metabolic activity analysis, as alternatives to neuropsychological evaluation, the current gold standard of diagnosis. Each of these approaches, have shown some promising outcomes, however, a comprehensive data fusion analysis has not yet been conducted to investigate whether these different modalities carry complementary information, and if so, whether they can be combined to provide a more accurate analysis. In this effort, we provide a first look at such an analysis in combining EEG, MRI and PET data using an ensemble of classifiers based decision fusion approach, to determine whether a strategic combination of these different modalities can improve the diagnostic accuracy over any of the individual data sources when used with an automated classifier. Results show an improvement of up to 10%–20% using this approach compared to the classification performance obtained when using each individual data source.