cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification cataract surgery at New Jersey Medical School

Aim: To describe the complications related to cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique by third-year ophthalmology residents at New Jersey Medical School, who are trained to perform phacoemulsification without any prior experience with extracapsular extraction. Design: Retrospective, observational case series. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 755 patients who underwent cataract surgery by third-year residents between July 2000 and June 2005 at the Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science was performed. Details of intraoperative complications (posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss, subluxation of lens fragments into the vitreous, extracapsular cases converted to phacoemulsification, retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage and haemorrhagic choroidals) of the cases done by phacoemulsification technique were recorded. Results were analysed and compared with complication rates reported from other residency programmes and from experienced ophthalmologists. Results: Of 755 cataract surgeries, 719 were performed using phacoemulsification technique. Posterior capsule disruption occurred in 48 (6.7%), vitreous loss in 39 (5.4%) and dislocated lenticular fragments in 7 (1.0%) of 719 cases that underwent phacoemulsification technique. Subsequent pars plana lensectomy was required in 5 (0.7%) cases; 1 case (0.1%) experienced retinal detachment and haemorrhagic choroidal detachment. Conclusion: The residents can perform phacoemulsification well with a very low complication rate, without prior training with extracapsular cataract extraction technique.
Alternative nesting strategies in Ammophila urnaria (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Females of Ammophila urnaria were observed mass provisioning or, alternatively, cleptoparasitizing conspecific cells in 1983–1986 in upstate New York. They also cleptoparasitized the cells of Ammophila kennedyi and Podalonia robusta. Details of brood parasitism, prey thievery, prey discarding, and abandoned nests are presented as evidence of intraspecific cleptoparasitism in A. urnaria. Specifics of mass provisioning and conspecific cleptoparasitism in this species are strikingly similar to those of the palearctic A. sabulosa. Like A. sabulosa, some females of A. urnaria switched tactics between foraging trips. In both species, examples of intraspecific cleptoparasitism occurred at lower temperatures in late afternoon or early evening. Cleptoparasitism by females of A. urnaria was seen only in late summer-early fall.
Intra-hemispheric phase relationships during self-regulated alpha activity

Abstract The phase angle of frontal-occipital alpha was examined in six subjects during 45-min alpha feedback sessions in which a contingent auditory reinforcer was used to maximize occipital alpha abundance. During the baseline and early part of the feedback session the mean phase angle for six subjects was approximately 40–42 msec with occipital alpha leading frontal alpha. During the latter part of the contingent feedback period the average phase angle increased significantly to approximately 47 msec. The results were consistent for repeated alpha feedback sessions separated by several days.
Evolutionary Genetics: Directed mutations slip-sliding away?

Adaptive frameshift mutations in the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli are, unusually, nearly all short deletions, perhaps caused by slipped-strand mispairings in mononucleotide runs. But are they directed?
Returning young adults: Implications for marketers

This article examines a growing phenomenon termed returning young adults or RYAs. It looks at currently held beliefs about the group, examines characteristics of a matched sample of RYAs and persons not living at home, and discusses implications about the viability of the RYA group as a segment of interest to marketers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Woodland I—Woodland II Transition in the Delmarva Peninsula and Southeast Pennsylvania

The transition between Woodland I and Woodland II periods (ca. A.D. 800-A.D. 1000) is one of the most pronounced cultural changes seen during the prehistoric occupation of the Delmarva Peninsula an...
Does Housing Counseling Change Consumer Financial Behaviors? Evidence from Philadelphia

Pre-purchase homeownership counseling is a social service for low- to moderate-income households intent on becoming first-time homeowners. Despite the record number of low- and moderate-income households achieving first-time homeownership over the past decade, there is little research on housing counseling’s effectiveness, in terms of long-term positive financial behaviors. In addition, the research community has traditionally adhered to a proscribed definition of success within programs, which hinders evaluative efforts. This paper examines whether counseled borrowers have experienced financial behavior changes within 5 years after having purchased a home. There were mixed results regarding overall financial behavior changes. Agency identity had little influence on some counselees’ behaviors, while counseling agency characteristics had some limited effects on client behaviors.
Changes in cardiac output after acute blood loss and position change in man.

Thoracic bioimpedance cardiac output (Qtbi) was measured at 1-min intervals in 27 volunteers before, during, and after withdrawing 500 ml (3.7 to 8.5 ml/kg; mean 5.8) of blood. The effects of passive leg raising (PLR) and standing on Qtbi were measured before and after blood withdrawal. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2), mean arterial BP (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were also measured before and after blood withdrawal. Thoracic bioimpedance cardiac index (CI) decreased 18% (0.8 +/- 0.1 L/min.m2, p less than .0001) and stroke volume index (SI) decreased 22% (14.8 +/- 2.7 ml/beat.m2, p less than .0001) after blood withdrawal. HR, MAP, SaO2, and PtcO2 were not significantly different after blood withdrawal. Before blood withdrawal PLR increased CI 6.8% (0.3 +/- 0.1 L/min.m2, p less than .0001); after blood withdrawal PLR increased CI 11.1% (0.4 +/- 0.1 L/min.m2, p less than .0001). PLR can increase stroke volume and cardiac output in hypovolemic humans.
Maternal Prenatal Depressive Symptoms, Nicotine Addiction, and Smoking-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors

Maternal smoking is a key preventable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes, such as low birthweight. In many areas of the United States, including Eastern North Carolina, rates of prenatal smoking are high. Prenatal depressive symptoms are associated with maternal smoking, but there remains much to learn about this relationship, especially among Black women, who have double the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes of White women. In the study reported in this paper, we investigated the relationship between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms with smoking behaviors, beliefs and attitudes, environmental factors which promote smoking and nicotine addiction. Pregnant women were enrolled in the study at the first prenatal visit to the clinics of the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Family Medicine of the Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University. An interviewer administered a questionnaire to each woman about smoking, smoking-related attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and behaviors, nicotine addiction, and home environmental factors that encourage smoking. The CES-D was used to measure depressive symptoms. We used the cut-point score of 23 or greater to indicate elevated depressive symptoms, which is thought to represent major depressive disorder. The sample consisted of 810 Black women, of whom 18% were smokers. CES-D score was associated with nicotine addiction, not thinking of quitting smoking, and not expecting support from family and friends if they decided to quit. Prenatal depressive symptoms may be a barrier to smoking cessation.
New formalism for two-photon quantum optics. I. Quadrature phases and squeezed states.

This paper introduces a new formalism for analyzing two-photon devices (e.g., parametric amplifiers and phase-conjugate mirrors), in which photons in the output modes are created or destroyed two at a time. The key property of a two-photon device is that it excites pairs of output modes independently. Thus our new formalism deals with two modes at a time; a continuum multimode description can be built by integrating over independently excited pairs of modes. For a pair of modes at frequencies \ensuremath{\Omega}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\epsilon}, we define (i) quadrature-phase amplitudes, which are complex-amplitude operators for modulation at frequency \ensuremath{\epsilon} of waves ``cos[\ensuremath{\Omega}(t-x/c)]'' and ``sin[\ensuremath{\Omega}(t-x/c)]'' and (ii) two-mode squeezed states, which are the output states of an ideal two-photon device. The quadrature-phase amplitudes and the two-mode squeezed states serve as the building blocks for our formalism; their properties and their physical interpretation are extensively investigated.
Effects of ergot drugs on serotonergic function: behavior and neurochemistry.

Abstract Several new ergot drugs were tested for behavioral and neurochemical effects related to serotonergic function. Lergotrile and bromocriptine potentiated the so-called “5-HT syndrome”, a set of behaviours associated with increased serotonergic neurotransmission consequent to monoamine oxidase inhibition and tryptophan loading. Metergoline antagonized this behavior. In studies of receptor binding using 3 H-5-HT or 3 H-LSD, metergoline was the most potent at displacing specifice ligand binding. Since the ergots also affect of dopaminergic function, these results are discussed for their information on both dopaminergic and serotonergic actions of these drugs and their implications for clinical use of ergots.
31P-NMR study of transient ischemia in rat hippocampal slices in vitro

Intracellular high energy phosphates (HEP) were monitored in rat hippocampal slices in vitro by 31P-NMR during continuous superfusion, no flow and reperfusion in order to model the changes which occur during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in vivo. With continuous superfusion, stable intracellular HEP resonance signals were observed for over 4 h. When superfusion was stopped, there were rapid decreases in pH and phosphocreatine levels followed by slower loss of ATP. These changes are similar to those observed during cerebral ischemia in vivo by 31P-NMR. Upon reperfusion, the pH returned to normal, but the extent of HEP recovery depended on the length of time superfusion was halted. Following a 10 min ischemic period HEP levels returned to greater than 90% of preischemic values, while following a 16 min ischemic period there was only 60% recovery. Superfusion with low calcium, high magnesium medium significantly improved the recovery of HEP following 16 min of ischemia to 80% of preischemic levels. These data support the hypothesis that calcium influx during and following ischemia can disrupt energy metabolism in the hippocampus, and that magnesium can have a protective action on cellular energy status, perhaps by further blocking calcium influx.
Total Synthesis of Aeruginosin 98B

The first total synthesis of aeruginosin 98B was accomplished. The key step is a highly diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction of a diastereomeric mixture of allylic carbonates that is enabled by the use of racemic phosphine ligand L1.
Unusually long bonds in CCO+ and COC+☆

Abstract The linear C2O+ isomers CCO+ have been studied using ab initio double-zeta basis set SCF calculatuions, and both were found to be structurally unsymmetrical and to have unusually longCCO and COC bond lengths of 1.75 and 1.84 A, respectively. The CO subunit lengths are close to the value for free CO. The C2O+ ions are particularly interesting and merit further study both because of their unusual bonding (resembling that in metal ion-carbonyl complexes) and also because of their potential existence in the interstellar medium and their role in the astrophysically important isotope exchange reaction 13C+ + O12C → 13CO + 12C+.
Theoretical study on the electronic structure and properties of synthetic MoFe3S3 compounds

We examine the electronic structure of a series of MoFe3S3 compounds whose spectroscopic and structural parameters have been recently published (J. Han, K. Beck, N. Ockwig, D. Coucouvanis, J Am Chem Soc 1999, 121, 10448). The synthetic Mo/Fe/S compounds under examination are close structural and functional analogs of essential parts of the FeMo-cofactor in the enzyme nitrogenase. Using the ZINDO program and the projected unrestricted Hartree–Fock (PUHF) method, we have demonstrated that these compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal atoms, with calculated triplet and singlet ground states. The metal atoms are found in reduced oxidation states, namely Mo(III), Fe(II), and Fe(I), in agreement with the experimental isomer shifts and the Mossbauer data previously reported. The addition of carbonyl groups to the MoFe3S3 clusters leads to a withdrawal of electron density from the Mo/Fe/S core and thus affects the strength of the metal–metal and metal–sulfur bonds in the compounds. We also show that the removal of pyridine from the coordination of the Mo atom has a notable effect on the electron delocalization in the Mo/Fe/S core and may lead to preferential localization of the electron density on the iron atoms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Does the Gross Spread Compensate Lead Underwriters for Analyst Coverage

Since underpricing and gross spread are the two main revenue sources for investment banks in public offerings and Cliff and Denis (2004) find that underpricing is used to compensate analyst coverage, this paper examines the IPO syndicate data to investigate whether the gross spread compensates investment banks for analyst coverage. We find evidence to support the premise that the gross spread is used to compensate lead underwriters for analyst coverage when the lead underwriter has a strong bargaining power to advantageously shape up the compensation structure. After accounting for several critical issues, our results remain unchanged.
Inference in a statistical database a solution with noise

The ability to protect a statistical database from unauthorized disclosure, revelation of confidential material regarding individuals which was intended to be utilized solely for statistical information relative to a single group, and the inference of personal data which may be obtained through repeated unlimited access to the database have all been major concerns of past and current database security studies.
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS II A GENE POLYMORPHISM IN THE STRIPED BASS

Adaptions of the polymerase chain reaction were used to isolate cDNA sequences encoding the Major histocompatibility complex(Mhc) class II A gene(s) of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Four complete Mhc class II A genes were cloned and sequenced from a specimen originating in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, and another three A genes from a specimen originating from the Santee-Cooper Reservoir, South Carolina, identifying a total of seven unique sequences. The sequence suggests the presence of at least two Mhc class II A loci. The extensive sequence variability observed between the seven different Mhc class II clones was concentrated in the α1 encoding domain. The encoded α2, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions of all seven striped genes correlated well with those of known vertebrate Mhc class II proteins. Overall, the striped bass sequences showed greatest similarity to the Mhc class II A genes of the zebrafish. Southern blot analysis demonstrated extensive polymorphism in the Mhc class II A genes in members of a Roanoke river-caught population of striped bass versus a lesser degree of polymorphism in an aquacultured Santee-Cooper population of striped bass.
Saccharification of ionic liquid pretreated biomass with commercial enzyme mixtures.

The performance of Spezyme CP, a commercial cellulase system, and Primafast Luna CL, a textile bio-finishing enzyme, on hydrolysis of substrates following ionic liquid pretreatment was evaluated. Ionic liquid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass produces amorphous cellulose with little residual crystallinity and enhances its saccharification. The high crystallinity of native cellulose poses an impediment to enzyme hydrolysis of the cellulosic portion of biomass. Target substrates included poplar, switchgrass and Avicel, a highly crystalline cellulose substrate. Spezyme was found to hydrolyze glucan and xylan components completely in 24 h with modest enzyme loadings. Primafast was found to principally hydrolyze glucan components of biomass. Xylanases added to the Primafast enzyme mixture appear to act synergistically to improve glucan hydrolysis with the poplar substrate.
Relationship stages: An inductive analysis identifying cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of Knapp's relational stages model

Knapp's (1978) ten stage model of relationships has been widely cited and endorsed, nonetheless a solid empirical foundation for this model is lacking. This study was conducted to provide the preliminary information necessary to identify, empirically, the stages of “coming together”; and “coming apart”;. Focus groups were conducted to identify behavioral, cognitive, and affective dimensions indicative of the ten stages proposed by the Knapp model. Findings indicate that people generally report different thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in each stage. The findings are discussed in terms of the further development of Knapp's model and creation of a corresponding measurement scale. Directions for future research involving the development of such a scale are also discussed.
The porcine mu opioid receptor: molecular cloning and mRNA distribution in lymphoid tissues

The porcine mu opioid receptor (pMOR), was cloned from cerebral cortex RNA using PCR methodologies. Porcine MOR is 96% identical with human MOR in amino acid sequence. An RT-PCR survey for pMOR mRNA indicated that pMOR is widely distributed in the gut, and is present in thymus and Peyer's patches but absent in other immune tissues and in isolated immune cells. Based on these findings, it appears that opioids do not exert an immunosuppressive effect through direct interaction with the mu-opioid receptor on immune cells. In certain tissues, however, opioids may modulate immune function indirectly through neuronal MOR.
Bio-reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium by Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis.

A bacterium that detoxifies selenite by reduction to insoluble elemental red selenium was isolated from soil. The strain showed an unusually high resistance to the toxic effects of selenite by growing in media containing 64 mM selenite. 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment identified the isolate as Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis. Fatty acid analysis and morphology confirmed the identification. The isolate reduced selenite to elemental selenium under aerobic conditions only. Native gel electrophoresis of cell-free extracts revealed a band, corresponding to a molecular weight of ∼120 kDa, that reduced selenite. In culture, the strain did not reduce selenate; however, a soluble and inducible enzyme with a molecular weight of ∼90 kDa that reduced both selenate and nitrate was present in cell-free extracts. This organism might be useful in bioreactors designed to remove selenite from contaminated water.
Exploration of finite ion orbit effects in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies

The rf-SciDAC collaboration is developing computer simulations to predict the damping of radio frequency (rf) waves in fusion plasmas. Here we extend self-consistent quasi-linear calculations of ion cyclotron resonant heating to include the finite drift of ions from magnetic flux surfaces and rf induced spatial transport. The all-orders spectral wave solver AORSA is iteratively coupled with a particle based update of the plasma distribution function.
Toward Low-Power Electronics: Tunneling Phenomena in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

In this article, we explore, experimentally, the impact of band-to-band tunneling on the electronic transport of double-gated WSe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) and Schottky barrier tunneling of holes in back-gated MoS2 FETs. We show that by scaling the flake thickness and the thickness of the gate oxide, the tunneling current can be increased by several orders of magnitude. We also perform numerical calculations based on Landauer formalism and WKB approximation to explain our experimental findings. Based on our simple model, we discuss the impact of band gap and effective mass on the band-to-band tunneling current and evaluate the performance limits for a set of dichalcogenides in the context of tunneling transistors for low-power applications. Our findings suggest that WTe2 is an excellent choice for tunneling field-effect transistors.
Neuronal and glial mGluR5 modulation prevents stretch-induced enhancement of NMDA receptor current.

Neuronal stretching in culture has been used to model diffuse axonal injury caused by head trauma, and activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of such injury. Here we report the effects of modulating injury severity and the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) on NMDAR activity after stretch injury. Following mild stretch, cortical neurons plated upon a confluent layer of astrocytes (NG) exhibited both increased maximal current (INMDA) and reduction in the voltage-dependent Mg2+ block. In contrast, neurons grown without an astrocyte monolayer (PN) only exhibited increased INMDA. In NG, surprisingly, pretreatment with either the mGluR5 agonist CHPG or the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP decreased the enhancement of INMDA. In contrast, in PN, MPEP similarly limited INMDA changes, but CHPG was without effect. In both culture conditions, MPEP, but not CHPG, limited the stretch-reduced Mg2+ block. Severe stretch had no effect on INMDA or the Mg2+ block in either culture condition, despite a correlation between injury severity and the release of lactose dehydrogenase measured postinjury. Neither CHPG nor MPEP had any direct effects upon the NMDA receptor. We conclude that mGluR5 regulates NMDAR activity during mild stretch injury, but not severe injury, by modulating both the Mg2+ block and INMDA.
Validity of predicting left ventricular end systolic pressure changes following an acute bout of exercise

Abstract Objectives Left ventricular end systolic pressure (LV ESP) is important in assessing left ventricular performance and is usually derived from prediction equations. It is unknown whether these equations are accurate at rest or following exercise in a young, healthy population. Design Measured LV ESP vs. LV ESP values from the prediction equations were compared at rest, 15 min and 30 min following peak aerobic exercise in 60 participants. Methods LV ESP was obtained by applanation tonometry at rest, 15 min post and 30 min post peak cycle exercise. Results Measured LV ESP was significantly lower (p Conclusions The two commonly used prediction equations did not accurately predict either resting or post exercise LV ESP in a young, healthy population. Thus, LV ESP needs to be individually determined in young, healthy participants. Non-invasive measurement through applanation tonometry appears to allow for a more accurate determination of LV ESP.
Posttraumatic Play: Towards Acceptance and Resolution

Many children who experience trauma demonstrate it through posttraumatic play (PTP). This type of play is seen by professionals as a repetitive reenactment of the traumatic event within the child’s play. Reliving the event in this way may serve to retraumatize the child and lead to other psychiatric or behavioral problems. This article examines the issues surrounding childhood trauma and PTP. It uses a case study to illustrate the phases of a play therapy approach that incorporates Ericksonian principles, in order for the child to achieve resolution and acceptance. The countertransference issues that a clinician may encounter also are discussed.
Coupled shear-bending formulation for seismic analysis of stacked wood shear wall systems

A summary of the development of a new coupled shear-bending model for analysis of stacked wood shear walls and multi-story wood-frame buildings is presented in this paper. The model focuses on dynamic response of light-frame wood structures under seismic excitation. The formulation is intended to provide a more versatile option than present pure shear models in that the new model is capable of accurately capturing the overall lateral response of each story diaphragm and separates the inter-story shear deformation and the deformation associated with rotation of the diaphragm due to rod elongation, which is an analogue to the bending deformation in an Euler–Bernoulli beam model. Modeling the coupling of bending and shear deformation is shown to provide more accurate representation of stacked shear wall system behavior than a pure shear model, particularly for the upper stories in the assembly. The formulation is coupled with the newly developed evolutionary parameter hysteretic model for wood shear walls. Existing data from a shake table test of an isolated three-story wood shear wall were used to verify the accuracy of the model prediction. The numerical results agreed very well with shake table test measurements. The influence of a continuous rod hold-down system on the dynamic behavior of the three-story stacked wood shear wall was also successfully simulated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exhaustion of mature marrow neutrophils in neonates with sepsis

AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY of neutrophils is an important factor in host resistance to bacterial infection.' Indeed, when the supply is inadequate, the probability of surviving an infection diminishes." One sign of depleted neutrophil supply is blood neutropenia, a finding which is associated with increased mortality in infants with sepsis? 4 It is tempting to assume that the neutropenia of such infants is a reflection of inadequate neutrophil supply, but neutropenia can occur even when neutrophil supply is normal, as during the margination of circulating neutrophils primarily to post-capillary venular sites after endotoxin challenge? Thus, the finding of neutropenia itself does not establish that neutrophil supply is diminished, nor does it necessarily signify compromised host resistance. In order to determine whether neutropenia signaled neutrophil supply exhaustion in infected infants, we examined the marrow of nine living infants and six infants who had died from sepsis. In two infected neutropenic infants the neutrophil storage pool was found to be normal; both of these infants survived. Seven other neonates had diminished NSP, and those with the most profound depletion died. All infants who died of sepsis had NSP depletion. These observations suggest that neutropenia in infected infants frequently reflects NSP depletion. The identification of infants with NSP depletion may be of value as a prognostic sign and may aid in the consideration of therapeutic manuevers such as neutrophil transfusion.
The Significance of Learning Modalities, Modes of Instruction, and Verbal Feedback for Learning to Recognize Written Words

This study investigated the effects of modality preference, mode of instruction, and verbal feedback on immediate and delayed recall of new words in 72 elementary-age learning disabled students. These children, classified as either auditory, visual, or multisensory learners based on the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, were randomly assigned to auditory, visual, or multisensory instructional groups. Each of the groups included both a praise and a no-praise treatment. An analysis of variance revealed no significant differences for either the verbal feedback or the mode of instruction variable. Thus, research hypotheses regarding the absence of interaction between modality preference and mode of instruction were supported.
Delaware farmers' adoption of GE soybeans in a time of uncertain U.S. adoption.

Soybeans genetically engineered to withstand the herbicide Roundup became available to farmers in 1996 and rapidly became the most popular of the new biotechnology crops. However, rising concerns over consumer acceptance late in 1999 created a climate of uncertainty over national markets and put continuing adoption in question. This study models Delaware farmers' adoption patterns and decisions, and examines accompanying changes in their operations at the start of the 2000 season. Model results show adoption to have continued upward in terms of farmers and acreage, with age, soybean income, computer use, and labeling opinion identifying major adopters. Adopters were expanding operations and utilizing accompanying new techniques at a high rate. With much of the state farmers' market assured by the local broiler industry, farmers appeared unconcerned over national market uncertainties. The research thus demonstrates the need to consider local conditions and potential for variations in adoption patterns and adopter characteristics. [EconLit citations: Q160, O330]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 20: 81–94, 2004.
The pathogenesis of the odontogenic tumors

Abstract The pathogenesis of the odontogenic tumors has been described. This served as a basis for the classification of these tumors as presented by Colonel Joseph Bernier, Dr. Henry M. Goldman, and me at the meeting of the American Academy of Oral Pathology in Washington, D. C., May 27, 1950.
Exploiting Subcarrier Agility to Alleviate Active Jamming Attacks in Wireless Networks

Malicious interference injection or jamming is one of the simplest ways to disrupt wireless communications. Prior approaches can alleviate jamming interference to a limited extent; they are especially vulnerable to a reactive jammer i.e., a jammer that injects noise upon sensing a legitimate transmission or wideband jamming. In this paper, we leverage the inherent features of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) to cope with such attacks. Specifically, via extensive experiments, we observe that the jamming signal experiences differing levels of fading across the composite sub-carriers in its transmission bandwidth. Thus, if the legitimate transmitter were to somehow exploit the relatively unaffected sub-carriers to transmit data to the receiver, it could achieve reasonable throughputs, even in the presence of the active jammer. We design and implement JIMS , a Jamming Interference Mitigation Scheme that exploits the above characteristic by overcoming key practical challenges. Via extensive testbed experiments and simulations we show that JIMS achieves a throughput restoration of up to 75 percent in the presence of an active jammer.
On-Line Detection of Respiratory Events Applied to Behavioral Conditioning in Rabbits

The respiratory behavior of rabbits was analyzed to determine statistical features characteristic of exploratory sniffing. Statistical procedures and performance measures were incorporated into an on-line computer test to detect sniffing. The algorithm was employed in behavioral research to detect respiratory responses to conditioning stimuli in rabbits. The algorithm correctly sorted respiratory events from nonevents with an accuracy of 98 percent when compared to visual classification of polygraph tracings.
Measuring Flow Angle and Mass Flow Rate in an Unknown Flowfield

A data reduction technique applicable to constant-temperature hot-film and hot-wire probes is presented which is used to determine flow angle and mass flow rate in an unknown flowfield over a wide range of flow conditions at supersonic and hypersonic velocities. The technique virtually eliminates the effect of Reynolds number on a probe's flow angle sensitivity. Methods for extrapolating a limited amount of mass flow rate calibration data to include the range of mass flow rate encountered in an experiment are also given. This technique has been applied to data obtained using a hot-film probe during surveys in the leeside flowfield of a Space Shuttle Orbiter configuration.
Coulomb Bubbles: Overstable Driving of Magnetoacoustic Waves Due to the Rapid and Anisotropic Diffusion of Energy

We perform a linear magnetohydrodynamic perturbation analysis for a stratified magnetized envelope where the diffusion of heat is mediated by charged particles that are confined to flow along magnetic field lines. We identify an instability, the "Coulomb bubble instability," which may be thought of as standard magnetosonic fast and slow waves, driven by the rapid diffusion of heat along the direction of the magnetic field. We calculate the growth rate and stability criteria for the Coulomb bubble instability for various choices of equilibrium conditions. The Coulomb bubble instability is intimately related to the photon bubble instability. The bulk thermodynamic properties of both instability mechanisms are quite similar in that they require the timescale for heat to diffuse across a wavelength to be shorter than the corresponding wave crossing time. Furthermore, overstability occurs only as long as the driving resulting from the presence of the background heat flux can overcome diffusive Silk damping. However, the geometric and therefore mechanical properties of the Coulomb bubble instability are the complete mirror opposite of the photon bubble instability. The Coulomb bubble instability is most strongly driven for weakly magnetized atmospheres that are strongly convectively stable. We briefly discuss a possible application of astrophysical interest: diffusion of interstellar cosmic rays in the hot T ~ 106 K Galactic corona. We show that for commonly accepted values of the cosmic-ray and gas pressure as well as its overall characteristic dimensions, the Galactic corona is in a marginal state of stability with respect to a cosmic-ray Coulomb bubble instability. The implication being that a cosmic-ray Coulomb bubble instability plays a role in regulating both the pressure and transport properties of interstellar cosmic rays, while serving as a source of acoustic power above the Galactic disk.
The Four Senses of Scriptural Interpretation and the Mediaeval Theory of Preaching

G UIBERT DE NOGENT, in his Liber quo ordine sermo fieri debeat, which forms his Prooemium ad Commentarios in Genesim, a work designed to supply the preacher with sermon materials, urges 1 the preacher to use for his moral aim any or all of the four senses of Scriptural interpretation. A late Dominican tractate 2 professing the influence of St Thomas Aquinas, which is a complete and highly organized Ars Praedicandi and a more representative manual than Guibert's Prooemium, contains the same precept in its natural place in a topical system of amplification, such as mediaeval preachers used to fill out the analytical design of their sermons. As a means of dilatatio, and even in its own topical division into four, the principle of employing the kinds of explication may be considered to belong in a theory of rhetorical inuentio, as understood and applied by the classical rhetoricians.3 The compiler of the 'Aquinas'-tract offers nine methods of expanding a sermon: (1) through concordance of authorities, (2) through discussion of words, (3) through explanation of the properties of things, (4) through a multiplication of senses, (5) through analogies and natural truths, (6) through marking of an opposite, (7) through comparisons, (8) through interpretation of a name, (9) through multiplication of synonyms. At present we are concerned only with his development of the fourth method.
Negotiating the Model Minority Image: Performative Aspects of College-Educated Asian American Professional Men

This study is a chapter in a larger work, in which the authors explore how eight college-educated Asian American professional men negotiate the model minority image to present the performative constructions of their multiple identities within the racialized and gendered context of U.S. organizations where they work. The authors first discuss the participants' perceptions of how others view their social identities as part of a homogenized concept, regardless of their diverse Asian American subjectivities. Then, they examine how the participants engage in performative aspects of the model minority image to promote positive impressions on others and to empower themselves in U.S. organizations. Exploring the subjective standpoint of being the model minority in the context of mainstream organizations, the authors aim to further reconsider the concept of identity as relational in the context of intercultural interactions.
The Turkana Patrol of 1918 Reconsidered

This essay seeks to place the events in Turkan during the first decades of the twentieth century into a wider perspective. Despite their modest numbers and the wasteland they inhabited, the challenge to the Turkana did not come from their neighbors, whom they could raid with success or live in harmony with. The threat to their traditional way of life came from Ethiopian and British imperialism, the reasons and forces of which the Turkana were oblivious to. Britain could not tolerate an Ethiopian presence in Turkan and regarded the problem of the Turkana as largely an imperial contest with the "Abyssinians." In the I960s and I970s revisionist historians challenged this interpretation, arguing that the Turkana, in order to defeat their African neighbors, adopted new leaders and military techniques in the I880s that introduced into Turkana society a new and aggressive militarism. Since their territorial ambitions in Turkan appeared to have been satisfied by using these tactics by the I890s, Turkana "militarism" was thereafter used to defend their pastures and waterholes from incursions by African neighbors, to recover livestock stolen by them, or to replenish Turkana herds lost to raids, drought, or disease. Turkana historians have thus argued that the representation of Turkana militarism for continued territorial expansion is more a Western creation, for the Turkana were more concerned to defend their acquired territory than participate in unprovoked belligerence against imperial invaders. Sadly, at the time neither of the protagonists could have predicted the subsequent unmitigated disaster for the Turkana in the aftermath of the Turkana Patrol of I9I8, in which they had become the unwitting victims of a larger conflict for control of an imperial frontier.
Detection of chromoluminance patterns on chromoluminance pedestals II: model

A model for chromoluminance pattern detection and pedestal effects is described. This model has five stages. The stimulus is first processed by the cone array and then by color-spatial linear operators. The outputs of the linear operators may be expressed as weighted sums of cone contrasts over space. There are three opposite sign pairs of linear spatial operators in the model. Their spectral tuning at each point in space is similar to the luminance, green/red and blue/yellow mechanisms in color opponent models, but their sensitivity to cone inputs varies as a function of space. The operators in each pair are the same except that the signs of the cone inputs in one are the opposite of those in the other. A non-linear response operator follows each linear operator. It receives two inputs, one excitatory and the other divisive inhibitory. The excitatory input is the half-wave rectified output of one of the linear operators. The inhibitory input is a non-linear sum of all linear operator outputs. The non-linear response operator raises the excitatory input to a power, and divides it by the inhibitory input plus a constant to produce the response. The detection variable is computed by combining the difference in response to target-plus-pedestal and pedestal alone across the three non-linear operators. The model accounts well for the large data set presented in the companion paper and is generally consistent with other results in the literature. The spectral sensitivities of the inferred chromoluminance pattern mechanisms are similar to those obtained with different methods. The data set is shown to be inconsistent with several other models.
The determination of polymer interfacial tension by drop image processing: Comparison of theory and experiment for the pair, poly(dimethyl siloxane)/polybutndiene

The interfacial tensions of immiscible binary blends of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and polybutadiene (PBD) have been determined as a function of molecular weight and temperature. The technique employed for these measurements takes advantage of recent advances in the determination and analysis of pendant fluid drop profiles. The experimental data are compared to the predictions of square gradient theories and theories based on the diffusion equation approach as developed by Helfand and co-workers. Qualitative agreement is obtained with both types of theory when the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter is taken to be comprised of two terms: a temperature independent term of entropic origin; and an enthalpic term that is inversely dependent upon the temperature.
Synthesis of phage-precursor protein in bacteria infected with T2

Measurable synthesis of the principal phage-precursor proteins begins about 7 min after infection of bacteria with T2. By the 20th minute, such proteins have accumulated to the extent of about 28 phage-particle equivalents per bacterium. During the steady state of phage growth prevailing after this time, atoms of labeled sulfur or molecules of labeled arginine pass from the culture medium into phage-precursor protein in less than 1 min and then appear in phage particles about 5 min later. The 28 equivalents of precursor protein therefore make up an intrabacterial pool in which the rate of protein synthesis is matched by a similar rate of subsequent incorporation into phage particles. After artificial lysis of the infected bacteria, the precursor proteins can be separated into three categories: large particles precipitable by antiphage serum (presumably empty phage heads); smaller particles similarly precipitable; and materials that are not precipitable. These three form roughly equal parts in the pool and all must be chiefly precursors of the coats of the finished phages. Surprisingly, a pulse of radioactive isotope passes from the culture medium into phage particles almost simultaneously through all three components of the pool; none of them is mainly a precursor of the others. Thus several classes of protein structures found in lysates are precursors of phage particles or, more likely, are derived by breakdown during extraction of other structures that are precursors. In either case it is clear that the more-or-less finished head portion of a phage particle is formed from phage-precursor nucleic acid and amino acids in a time that is short relative to the time required for the remaining steps in the production of an infective phage particle. Serologically phage-specific proteins that are not phage precursors are also formed at slow and doubtfully significant rates. Other proteins that are not precursors are formed faster, but these probably are not related to the precursor materials.
Effect of spatial correlation on blind source separation in MIMO systems

In this work, we investigate the effect of spatial correlation in MIMO channels on the performance of multistage CMA+AMA blind equalization and signal separation method. A modified Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA), which minimizes a linear combination of the CMA and Alphabet Matched Algorithm (AMA) is used as the blind equalizer for blocks of QAM signals. It has been shown that a multistage CMA+AMA equalizer with a blind channel estimator among stages successfully equalizes and separates multiple data signals when the channel model used is that of identically and independently distributed (iid) Rayleigh fading. In this paper a different channel model from work of H.Bolcskei is adopted to investigate the effectiveness of multistage CMA+AMA equalizer and the channel estimator on the channels which are spatially correlated. The performance of the multistage equalization and estimation scheme is compared with uncorrelated iid channels versus transmit and/or receive correlated channels and presented in terms of symbol error rate (SER) and mean square error MSE) for the signals and for the channel estimate.
Structural changes at the myogenic cell surface during the formation of myotendinous junctions.

Myotendinous junctions are sites which are morphologically and molecularly specialized for force transmission between intracellular and extracellular structural proteins. In the present investigation, the formation of these specialized junctions is studied in chicken embryos from 9 days following fertilization to 1 day posthatching, using light and electron microscopy. Observations indicate that the first discernible event in myotendinous junction formation is the appearance of basement membrane at the incipient junction at 9–10 days postfertilization, concomitant with the aggregation of fibroblasts at the junctional regions of myogenic cells. Subsequently, subsarcolemmal densities appear at sites opposite basement membrane locations by 13 days postfertilization. Myofibrils insert into subsarcolemmal densities by day 15 and invaginations of the cell membrane are initiated at those insertions. Type I collagen fibers appear at the cell surface at day 17. Junctional structure at day 17 qualitatively resembles that of adult myotendinous junctions. Changes in junctional structure following day 17 are primarily increases in the amount of subsarcolemmal densities, myofibril-membrane associations, and amount of junctional membrane folding.
A Field Experiment Testing for Correspondence between Trace Elements in Otoliths and the Environment and for Evidence of Adaptation to Prior Habitats

Site-specific variation in the trace element composition of fish otoliths can be used to identify fish to source, but the mechanisms controlling elemental composition are poorly understood. Environmental influences on the deposition of barium (Ba), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and strontium (Sr) in the otoliths of mudsuckers (Gillichthys mirabilis) were tested using a reciprocal field transplant experiment, in which fish from 3 estuaries were transplanted to each of the 3 estuaries. Fish originating from the 3 estuaries showed no differences in otolith chemistry that might reflect acclimation to past conditions in their home estuary or genetic differences among populations, which simplifies the interpretation of otolith chemistry. Cu and Mn concentrations in otoliths differed according to the site of transplant. Cu in otoliths showed the same pattern of difference among estuaries as did Cu in sediments, but there was no correspondence between Cu in otoliths and dissolved Cu. Ranked differences among estuaries in otolith Mn matched the ranking of estuary-specific differences in dissolved Mn, and there was no correspondence between the concentration of Mn in otoliths and sediments. Fish transplanted to different estuaries showed no differences in otolith concentrations of Ba or Sr, and the concentrations of Ba and Sr in the water column showed a similar lack of difference among estuaries. This study provides field evidence supporting the conclusion that the elemental composition of otoliths reflects environmental conditions to which fish have been recently exposed, but whether that correlation is with trace elements in the sediment or water column can vary.