cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-pressure and low-temperature K-bearing kosmochloric diopside from the Osayama serpentinite mélange, SW Japan

Kosmochloric diopside with high K content up to 0.56 wt% (0.026 K atom per formula unit) was discovered from the Osayama serpentinite melange in the Chugoku Mountains, SW Japan. K-bearing clinopyroxene fills microcracks(5-150 μm in wide) together with uvarovite within albite vein of a tremolite rock. Compositions of analyzed clinopyroxene consist mainly ofkosmochlor + augite (92-98 mol%; Ko 1 9 - 3 8 Aug 5 6 - 7 6 ) components and minor amounts of jadeite (0-6 mol%), aegirine (0-5 mol%), Ca-Tschermak (0-3 mol%), and K-kosmochlor(0-2 mol%). Although the K content in clinopyroxene is also variable and heterogeneous even in a single vein, clinopyroxene with higher K content occurs in Ko-rich part. Higher magnification secondary electron images confirmed that exsolution and inclusion are essentially absent in the analyzed clinopyroxenes. The good negative correlation between Cr + Na + K and Ca + Mg + Fe 2 + indicates the Cr incorporation into the octahedral site. Furthermore, K correlates with Na and Cr, indicating a simultaneous enrichment of K for Na and Cr during pyroxene growth. Textual relations, and parageneses and compositions of minerals suggest that the K-Cpx precipitated together with uvarovite in brittle microcracks directly from a Ca- and Cr-rich hydrothermal fluid at approximately P 4 GPa) environment permits to host relatively large K + cation into the clinopyroxene structure, our finding indicates that the incorporation of K into the kosmochlor-diopside series solid solution with at least 0.2 Cr cation p.f.u. is possible even at low P conditions.
Dichotic Listening in Children: Age-Related Changes in Direction and Magnitude of Ear Advantage.

Abstract Children between the ages of 5 and 12 years were tested with dichotic listening tests utilizing single syllable words and random presentations of digits. They produced a higher prevalence of left ear dominance than expected, especially among right-handed children when tested with words. Whether more children demonstrate the LEA because of right hemisphere dominance for language or because there is less stability in ear advantage direction at younger ages cannot be fully resolved by this study. When ear advantages were measured by subtracting each child’s lower score from the higher score without regard to right or left direction, an age-related trend toward lower measures of ear advantage was evident. This trend was greater for dichotic words than for dichotic digits. Structural factors that may be related to these results and possible influences of attention and verbal workload on the two kinds of dichotic stimuli are discussed.
Sustainable lean six-sigma green engineering system design educational challenges and interactive multimedia solutions

It is important for all of us to incorporate sustainable product and process engineering, green, lean design, manufacturing / assembly system and factory design / management rules and principles into our engineering and management courses. Furthermore, we have to understand millennial students, who are keen to learn about sustainable green engineering. Millennial generation students (who were born after 1982) are used to dealing with a large number of choices, because they understand the power of 3D interactive multimedia, simulation and the Internet. They are very visually focused, because this is the video gaming and smart phone generation. They are keen to learn about sustainable green engineering and service methods, tools and solutions and then work for a quality-focused ‘green company’. They want personalized, customized products, processes and service, and their education process is not an exception. They look for technical details, and they want to see it all, immediately, and virtually… They look for good quality and low-cost, ease of use. They do not like to read traditional static textbooks that often list mathematical equations without letting them test the active code with their own data. They like to continuously explore, experiment, get involved and test first hand rather than follow the traditional path. They also have less need and desire to conform, and they expect instant gratification. They are often impatient, and want it immediately…
Reverse engineering mother nature — Shale sedimentology from an experimental perspective

Abstract Experimental study of the sedimentology of shales can take a variety of forms. At its simplest one can experiment with suspensions in a glass jar and try to understand their settling behavior, or one can manipulate mud in a tank or bucket to gain insights into its rheology. This approach was championed over a century ago by Sorby, and the insights gained can be quite profound. More recently, tank and settling tube experiments of animal-sediment interactions, compaction behavior, and sediment unmixing via re-suspension have proven to be highly informative in spite of their simplicity. Flumes can be used to obtain quantitative information about depositional and erosional parameters and to generate fundamental bedforms. In flume experiments, however, it is of critical importance that the flume be designed in a way that flocculated materials move under shear stress conditions that would be reasonable in natural environments. Although much flume work on muds has been conducted by hydraulic engineers, the transfer of that knowledge to sedimentology is hampered by the fact that engineers and sedimentologists are interested in different (though not mutually exclusive) products from such experiments. Engineers and hydrologists are commonly concerned with quantifying fluid flow properties, whereas sedimentogists are particularly interested in the sedimentary products that result from a variety of flow conditions. Recent sedimentologically oriented flume studies have shown that muds can form deposits at flow velocities and shear stresses that would suffice to transport and deposit medium grained sand. Mud suspensions are prone to flocculation and the resulting floccules travel in bedload and form ripples that accrete into beds. The latter finding suggests that many laminated shales were deposited from currents rather than by settling from slow moving or still water. There are many other sedimentary features in shales that can potentially be reproduced in flume studies and in the future serve to provide a quantitative basis for shale sedimentology.
Documentation of Psychiatric Disorders and Related Factors in a Large Sample Population of HIV-Positive Patients in California

This retrospective cohort study examined electronic medical records of HIV-positive patients in California (N = 7,834) to find the prevalence of any psychiatric condition and the associations between several factors and the likelihood of these disorders. Approximately 53 % of the patients in this study had a documented psychiatric condition, including 23 % who had a mood disorder, 19 % who had a substance-related disorder, and 16 % who had an anxiety disorder. After controlling for potential confounders, significant positive associations (p < 0.001) were found between female gender and the presence of any mood disorder (adjusted odds ratio [95 % confidence interval, 95 %CI] = 1.58 [1.26-1.99]) or anxiety disorder (AOR = 1.54 [1.18-2.02]) and between homosexual orientation and the presence of any psychiatric condition (AOR = 1.33 [1.15-1.55]), mood disorder (AOR = 1.71 [1.42-2.07]), or anxiety disorder (AOR = 1.41 [1.22-1.88]). There were also significant negative associations between African-American race and the presence of any psychiatric condition (AOR = 0.68 [0.60-0.77]), mood disorder (AOR = 0.74 [0.64-0.86]), anxiety disorder (AOR = 0.43 [0.36-0.52]), or substance-related disorder (AOR = 0.78 [0.67-0.91]) and between state/federal insurance and the presence of any psychiatric condition (AOR = 0.70 [0.62-0.79]), mood disorder (AOR = 0.71 [0.62-0.80]), or anxiety disorder (AOR = 0.77 [0.66-0.89]).
Communicating Environmental Knowledge The Impact of Verbal and Spatial Abilities on the Production and Comprehension of Route Directions

The impact of verbal and spatial abilities on the communication of route information was investigated using a two-part procedure. Initially, subjects were selected for inclusion in four groups based on their combination of spatial and verbal abilities. Subsequently, the performance of high spatial-high verbal, high spatial-low verbal, low spatial-high verbal, and low spatial-low verbal subjects was measured on tasks requiring the comprehension and production of route directions. No differences were found with regard to subjects' abilities to comprehend route directions. However, the results suggested that spatial abilities are very important in the production of efficient route directions and that verbal abilities are related to subjects' tendency to conform to certain proposed linguistic conventions regarding the communication of route knowledge. (Author/TRRL)
Response linearization of a diode detector type radio frequency electric field probe

An EPROM-based linearization circuit with a resolution of 0.1 percent of full scale has been designed to linearize the response of an orthogonal dipole electric field probe terminated with diodes. Design approach, performance, and probe characteristics are discussed. The nonlinear transducer response is first modeled with a fourth-order polynomial which fits the log-transformed calibration data. The equation is then evaluated at discrete points determined by the memory size and the A/D converter resolution. The antilog of the dependent variable is loaded into an EPROM memory for subsequent readout with a D/A converter and summing network. The response of other nonlinear transducers can be linearized by this method.
Detection of interactions between nucleosome arrays mediated by specific core histone tail domains

The core histone tail domains play important roles in different stages of chromatin condensation. The tails are required for folding nucleosome arrays into secondary chromatin structures such as the approximately 30 nm diameter chromatin fiber and for mediating fiber-fiber interactions important for formation of tertiary chromatin structures. Crosslinking studies have demonstrated that inter-nucleosomal tail-DNA contacts appear in conjunction with salt-induced folding of nucleosome arrays into in higher order chromatin structures. However, since both folding of nucleosome arrays and fiber-fiber interactions take place simultaneously in >2-3 mM MgCl(2) such inter-nucleosome interactions may reflect short range (intra-array) or longer range (inter-array) interactions. Here, we describe a novel technique to specifically identify inter-array interactions mediated by the histone tail domains. In addition, we describe a new method for the preparation of H3/H4 tetramers.
Electron microscopy of phages for Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Bacteriophages for three strains of A. tumefaciens were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid (PTA), or 0.5% uranyl acetate, and examined with the electron microscope. Phage PT11 was a bacillary-shaped particle with a whip-like tail containing a knob at its distal end. Phage PIIBNV6 appeared to have an icosahedral head. The wide non-contractile tail terminated in a plate with pegs. Phage PIIBNV6-C was an icosahedral particle with a short, spike-like tail. Host cells of A. tumefaciens were encapsulated rods bearing polar or lateral flagella.
Operations Risk Management: Overview of Paul Kleindorfer's Contributions

This paper reviews Paul Kleindorfer’s contributions to Operations Management (OM), with a special focus on his research on risk management. An annotated bibliography of selected other contributions reviews the breadth of topics that have occupied Kleindorfer’s research attention over his now 45 years of research. These include optimal control theory, scheduling theory, decision sciences, investment planning and peak load pricing, plus a number of important applications in network industries and insurance. In the area of operations risk management, we review recent work that Kleindorfer and his colleagues in the Wharton Risk Center have undertaken on environmental management and operations, focusing on process safety and environmental risks in the chemical industry. This work is directly related to Kleindorfer’s work in the broader area of ”sustainable operations“, which he, Kal Singhal and Luk Van Wassenhove recently surveyed as part of the new initiative at POMS to encompass sustainable management practices within the POMS community. Continuing in the area of supply chain risks, the paper reviews Kleindorfer’s contributions to the development of an integrated framework for contracting and risk hedging for supply management. The emphasis on alignment of pricing, performance and risk management in this framework is presaged in the work undertaken by Kleindorfer and his co-authors in the 1980s on after-sales support services for high-technology products. This work on supply chain risk, and its successors, is reviewed here in light of its growing importance in managing the unbundled and global supply chains characteristic of the new economy.
Three-Phase Liquid-Gas-Solid Flows in a Bubble Column

An Eulerian-Lagrangian computational model for simulations of gas-liquid-solid flows in three-phase slurry reactors is developed. In this approach, the liquid flow is modeled using a volume-averaged system of governing equations, whereas motions of bubbles and particles are evaluated by Lagrangian trajectory analysis procedure. It is assumed that the bubbles remain spherical and their shape variations are neglected. The two-way interactions between bubble-liquid and particle-liquid are included in the analysis. The discrete phase equations include drag, lift, buoyancy, and virtual mass forces. Particle-particle interactions and bubble-bubble interactions are accounted for by the hard sphere model approach. The bubble coalescence is also included in the model. The predicted results are compared with the experimental data, and good agreement is obtained. The transient flow characteristics of the three-phase flow are studied and the effects of bubble size on variation of flow characteristics are discussed. The simulations show that the transient characteristics of the three-phase flow in a column are dominated by time-dependent staggered vortices. The bubble plume moves along the S-shape path and exhibits an oscillatory behavior. While particles are mainly located outside the vortices, some bubbles and particles are retained in the vortices. Bubble upward velocities are much larger than both liquid and particle velocities. In the lower part of the column, particle upward velocities are slightly smaller than the liquid velocities, while in the upper part of the column, particle upward velocities are slightly larger. The bubble size significantly affects the characteristics of the three-phase flows and flows with larger bubbles appear to evolve faster.© 2005 ASME
An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Spiritual Assessment Inventory

Item response theory (IRT) was applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spiritual Assessment Inventory (SAI; Hall & Edwards, 1996, 2002). The SAI is a 49-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess five aspects of spirituality: Awareness of God, Disappointment (with God), Grandiosity (excessive self-importance), Realistic Acceptance (of God), and Instability (in one's relationship to God). IRT analysis revealed that for several scales: (a) two or three items per scale carry the psychometric workload and (b) measurement precision is peaked for all five scales, such that one end of the scale, and not the other, is measured precisely. We considered how sample homogeneity and the possible quasi-continuous nature of the SAI constructs may have affected our results and, in light of this, made suggestions for SAI revisions, as well as for measuring spirituality, in general.
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I and type II receptors are both required for TGF-β-mediated extracellular matrix production in lung fibroblasts

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulates a variety of cellular activities including cell growth, differentiation and extracellular matrix production. The TGF-beta type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors (TbetaRI and TbetaRII) have been identified as signal-transducing TGF-beta receptors. This study was undertaken to examine the role of the type I and type II receptors in TGF-beta-induced extracellular matrix production of lung fibroblasts. We constructed expression plasmids containing truncated derivatives of TbetaRI and TbetaRII that lacked the cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase domain (TbetaRI deltaK and TbetaRII deltaK), and transfected them into lung fibroblasts. TbetaRII deltaK expressed by lung fibroblasts was able to bind 125I-TGF-beta1, whereas TbetaRI deltaK was unable to bind ligand when expressed alone. Co-expression with TbetaRII was required for binding and cross-linking of TGF-beta1 to TbetaRI deltaK. Lung fibroblasts upregulate tenascin and fibronectin production when treated with TGF-beta1. The kinase-defective deletions of both TbetaRI and TbetaRII were dominant-acting inhibitors of TGF-beta signal transduction. Expression of either TbetaRI deltaK or TbetaRII deltaK alone was sufficient to block TGF-beta-induced tenascin and fibronectin production of lung fibroblasts. The results indicate that both TbetaRI and TbetaRII were required for TGF-beta signaling in regulation of extracellular matrix production by lung fibroblasts.
Minimizing wood raw material cost in cabinet manufacturing

Abstract A cabinet assembly plant in Alabama, USA, would like to minimize their cost of procuring hardwood logs and common grade lumber (dry and green). A company-owned sawmill converts the hardwood logs into lumber, which is then kiln-dried with the green lumber. A study was conducted to determine (1) the company's optimal purchasing policy for wood raw material and (2) whether it was cost effective for the company to continue to operate the sawmill. A linear programming model of the blank production operation was developed to provide a quantitative method on which to base purchasing policy and operating decisions.
A dual bin-packing approach to scheduling surgical cases at a publicly-funded hospital

Abstract Publicly-funded hospitals are typically allocated an annual budget by the government based on the number of enrollees in the region. Given tight budget constraints, the capacity of resources is fairly fixed. Such hospitals strive to maximize the utilization of their resources through continuous improvement and optimization techniques. We address a surgical case scheduling problem experienced at a publicly-funded hospital and conceptualize this multi-period, multi-resource, priority-based case scheduling problem as an unequal-sized, multi-bin, multi-dimensional dual bin-packing problem. A mixed integer programming model and a heuristic based on the first fit decreasing algorithm are presented. Resource availability, case priorities, and variation in surgery times are key features included in our model. Our proposed approach led to substantial savings, 20% reduction in number of days and up to 20% increase in operating room utilization, when compared to real schedules obtained from the surgical department at a publicly-funded hospital.
Fluorinated Chemically Amplified Dissolution Inhibitors for 157 nm Nanolithography

We present the synthesis and screening of a series of new fluorinated materials designed to act as chemically amplified dissolution inhibitors for 157 nm lithography. Dissolution rates measured using a quartz crystal microbalance apparatus on a variety of matrix polymers as well as initial results demonstrating the imageability of this multi-component system are described.
Comparison of patient self-reports and urinalysis results obtained under naturalistic methadone treatment conditions

This study examined under naturalistic assessment conditions the validity of self-reported opiate and cocaine use among 175 veterans enrolled in methadone treatment, and factors related to self-report validity, such as stage in treatment and drug of abuse. Veterans were interviewed by clinical staff about past 30-day drug use with the addiction severity index (ASI), and urinalysis results were obtained for the same 30-day interval assessed with the ASI. Analysis revealed that urinalysis generally produced higher rates of substance use than patient self-report, and with the exception of reported opiate use among new patients presenting for treatment, validity of patient self-reported drug use generally was poor with patients under-reporting both opiate and cocaine use. The findings are in marked contrast to those obtained in other studies in which participants are ensured confidentiality regarding their self-reports. Further, the results raise questions about the utility of self-report measures of substance use to assess patient progress or methadone program performance.
13C-metabolic enrichment of glutamate in glutamate dehydrogenase mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH) interconvert α-ketoglutarate and glutamate. In yeast, NADP-dependent enzymes, encoded by GDH1 and GDH3, are reported to synthesize glutamate from α-ketoglutarate, while an NAD-dependent enzyme, encoded by GDH2, catalyzes the reverse. Cells were grown in acetate/raffinose (YNAceRaf) to examine the role(s) of these enzymes during aerobic metabolism. In YNAceRaf the doubling time of wild type, gdh2Δ, and gdh3Δ cells was comparable at ∼4 h. NADP-dependent GDH activity (Gdh1p+Gdh3p) in wild type, gdh2Δ, and gdh3Δ was decreased ∼80% and NAD-dependent activity (Gdh2p) in wild type and gdh3Δ was increased ∼20-fold in YNAceRaf as compared to glucose. Cells carrying the gdh1Δ allele did not divide in YNAceRaf, yet both the NADP-dependent (Gdh3p) and NAD-dependent (Gdh2p) GDH activity was ∼3-fold higher than in glucose. Metabolism of [1,2-(13)C]-acetate and analysis of carbon NMR spectra were used to examine glutamate metabolism. Incorporation of (13)C into glutamate was nearly undetectable in gdh1Δ cells, reflecting a GDH activity at <15% of wild type. Analysis of (13)C-enrichment of glutamate carbons indicates a decreased rate of glutamate biosynthesis from acetate in gdh2Δ and gdh3Δ strains as compared to wild type. Further, the relative complexity of (13)C-isotopomers at early time points was noticeably greater in gdh3Δ as compared to wild type and gdh2Δ cells. These in vivo data show that Gdh1p is the primary GDH enzyme and Gdh2p and Gdh3p play evident roles during aerobic glutamate metabolism.
Response to Wesley J. Wildman’s “Behind, Between, and Beyond Anthropomorphic Models of Ultimate Reality”

This is a response to Wesley J. Wildman’s “Behind, Between, and Beyond Anthropomorphic Models of Ultimate Reality.” While I agree with much of what Wildman writes, I raise questions concerning standards for evaluating models of ultimate reality and the plausibility of ranking such models. This paper was delivered during the APA Pacific 2007 Mini-Conference on Models of God.
STATISTICAL INFERENCE AND DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES

The paper develops simple statistical test procedures for generalized decomposable poverty measures. It is shown that the estimates of the decomposable poverty indices, including the overall and various subgroup poverty indices, have (asymptotic) jointly normal distributions. The full variance-covariance structure is derived and can be estimated consistently without prior specification of the population density underlying the sample data. The (overall/decomposed) poverty indices can thus be used as tools for statistical inference instead of simply as descriptive statistics. We illustrate the test procedure by examining the contributions of whites and non-whites to total US poverty in 1975 and 1985.
Energy dependence of chloroquine accumulation and chloroquine efflux in Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract Chloroquine inhibits the growth of susceptible malaria parasites at low (nanomolar) concentrations because of an energy-requiring drug-concentrating mechanism in the parasite secondary lysosome (food vacuole) which is dependent on the acidification of that vesicle. Chloroquine resistance results from another energy-requiring process: efflux of chloroquine from the resistant parasite with half-time of 2 min. Chloroquine efflux is inhibited reversibly by the removal of metabolizable substrate (glucose); it is also reduced by the ATPase inhibitor vanadate. These results suggest that chloroquine efflux is an energy-requiring process dependent on the generation and hydrolysis of ATP. Chloroquine efflux cannot be explained by differences in drug accumulation between chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant parasites because the 40–50-fold difference in initial efflux rates between -susceptible and -resistant parasites is unchanged when both parasites contain the same amount of chloroquine. Although chloroquine efflux is phenotypically similar to the efflux of anticancer drugs from multidrug-resistant ( mdr ) mammalian cells, it is not linked to either of the mdr -like genes of the parasite.
Lipid Domains in Fluid Membranes: A Quick-Freeze Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study

The application of rapid-freezing techniques to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provides a new approach for understanding the organization of lipids in biomembranes. Use of quick-freeze DSC on membranes of mixed lipid composition supports the existence of nonrandom distributions of lipids (domains) in fluid bilayers. In addition to allowing investigations on the organization of lipids in fluid bilayers, the quick-freeze technique now allows calorimetric studies to be carried out on mammalian membranes which, because of their high cholesterol content, have not been previously amenable to study by DSC.
Effects of ethanol on microsomal drug metabolism in aging female rats. III. In vivo

The effects of aging on ethanol inhibition of zoxazolamine metabolism in vitro and in vivo were studied in female Fischer 344 rats aged 4, 14 and 26 months. Zoxazolamine hydroxylase activity in freshly-isolated liver microsomes decreased significantly with age (1.88 +/- 0.32, 1.49 +/- 0.30 and 0.74 +/- 0.18 nmol/min per mg protein in young-adult, middle-aged and old rats, respectively). A substantial inhibition of zoxazolamine hydroxylation occurred in the presence of 40 mM ethanol. The extent of inhibition was the same in microsomes from all three age groups. The effect of aging on the duration of zoxazolamine paralysis in vivo reflected the effect of aging on zoxazolamine metabolism in vitro. Mean duration of paralysis following a standard 50 mg/kg dose of zoxazolamine increased significantly as a function of aging (0.5, 2.9 and 4.7 h in young-adult, middle-aged and old rats, respectively). Administration of ethanol (1.2 g/kg) 10 min before zoxazolamine treatment prolonged the duration of zoxazolamine paralysis in young-adult and middle-aged rats by about 2 to 2.5 h, but ethanol pretreatment did not affect paralysis time in old rats. Thus, the inhibitory effect of ethanol on zoxazolamine metabolism in vivo appeared to be attenuated in old age.
IDENTIFICATION OF A PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH EPIZOOTICS OF MOUSE TYPHOID.

A bacillus of the paratypnoid-enteritidis group associated with epizootics among laboratory mice has been identified with Bacillus festis caviae Smith which produces similar affections in guinea pigs and has been very closely related to the type "mutton" aertrycke strain of Schutze. This identification is based upon the cultural reactions of the organism, direct and cross-agglutinations, and similar absorptive capacities of the unknown and type strains.
GM1 ganglioside effects on astroglial response in the rat nucleus basalis magnocellularis and its cortical projection areas after electrolytic or ibotenic lesions

We examined the effects of chronic GM1 ganglioside injections on the astroglial response to bilateral electrolytic or ibotenic acid lesions in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) within the NBM and in three cortical projection areas of NBM neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry was used to visualize the reactive astrocytes. Twenty-six days after injury, extensive astrogliosis was observed within the NBM after both types of lesions. An increased number of GFAP-positive cells were found in the cortex of saline-treated rats following electrolytic but not ibotenic lesions. We suggest that the loss of fibers of passage within the lesion area may account for the difference in cortical gliosis following the two types of damage. Although 17 days of GM1 injections did not affect astrocyte morphology within the NBM, ganglioside treatment reduced the number of GFAP-positive cells after electrolytic but not after ibotenic lesions. Within the cortex, a decrease in GFAP immunoreactivity, size, and number of astrocytes was only observed after electrolytic lesion. These data indicate that a decrease in the astroglial response to injury is the result of an interaction between the type of injury (electrolytic lesion) and chronic GM1 treatment.
Neurotransmitter receptors as targets for pesticides

Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors have been identified biochemically by means of their specific binding of [3H] alpha-bungarotoxin ([3H]alpha-BGT) and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, respectively. There are some differences in the drug specificities, and sensitivities to active group reagents, of these receptors in insects when compared to those in vertebrates. Also, insect brain contains more nicotinic than muscarinic receptors, while the reverse is found in mammalian brain. Insect brain contains a third kind of putative ACh-receptor that is relatively soluble and is both nicotinic and muscarinic in its pharmacology but does not bind alpha-BGT. Toxic nicotine and analogs bind to it with high affinities. Several organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides and nereistoxin bind with high affinities to the nicotinic ACh-receptor of the electric organ of Torpedo. A few chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and derivatives interact with Torpedo nicotinic ACh-receptors, not at their 'receptor' sites but at their allosteric or 'channel' sites (which are identified by their specific binding of [3H]perhydrohistrionicotoxin). A few also bind to mammalian brain muscarinic receptors. The most potent on both receptors is the acaricide chlorobenzilate. Pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids also bind with high affinities to the channel sites of the Torpedo nicotinic ACh-receptor, though not to its receptor sites. Another group that binds to ACh-receptors is the organic and inorganic mercury compounds, which interact with both the Torpedo nicotinic and rat brain muscarinic receptors. Thus, neurotransmitter receptors act as molecular targets, primary or secondary for different pesticides.
Electroencephalographic changes in procainization of the frontal lobes.

Abstract 1. 1. Procaine injected into the fronto-thalamic fibers produces transitory slowing in the EEG in the majority of cases. 2. 2. Almost complete electrical suppression was observed following 9 of the Procaine injections in which Procaine escaped into the subarachnoid or ventricular system. 3. 3. Paroxysmal cerebral dysrhthmia was observed in the recovery phase following 9 of the Procaine injections. 4. 4. Isotonic saline produced little change in electrical activity.
Gamma/delta T-cell hepatosplenic lymphoma: review of the literature, diagnosis by flow cytometry and concomitant autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma is recognized as a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the REAL classification. Histologically these tumors are characterized by a mixture of small to medium-sized atypical lymphocytes. To date, approximately 15 cases of hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma have been reported. Affected individuals are usually young adults with a median age of 34 years. Patients commonly present with B symptoms and hepatosplenomegaly, but an absence of lymphadenopathy. The disease follows an aggressive course with median survival of 12–14 months and poor response to combination chemotherapy agents. Occasionally, the occurrence of frank blast transformation constitutes a terminal event for the patient. Although cytopenias are relatively common, nonimmune hemolytic anemia has been reported in one patient only. This is the first report of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma.
Tritiated Digoxin Binding to (Na+ + K+)-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase: Possible Allosteric Site

In the report, "Tritiated digoxin binding to (Na + + K + )-activated adenosine triphosphatase: possible allosteric site" by Arnold Schwartz et al. (p. 323, 19 Apr.), the opening parentheses of line 6, column 3, has been omitted. The line should read "(Na + + K + )-activated adenosine triphosphatase. . . ." The last line of paragraph 1 should read "K + -dependent phosphatase reaction (6)" and not ". . . phosphate reaction. . . ."
What do Drivers Fail to See When Conversing on a Cell Phone

Our research examined the effects of hands-free cell phone conversations on simulated driving. We found that even when participants looked directly at objects in the driving environment, they were less likely to create a durable memory of those objects if they were conversing on a cell phone. Moreover, this pattern was obtained for objects of both high- and low-relevance, suggesting that very little semantic analysis of the objects occurs outside the restricted focus of attention. These data support the inattentionblindness interpretation in which the disruptive effects of cell phone conversations on driving are due in large part to the diversion of attention from driving to the phone conversation. We suggest that even when participants are directing their gaze at objects in the driving environment that they may fail to “see” them when they are on the phone because attention is directed elsewhere. The current research focuses on a dual-task activity that is currently engaged in by over 100 million drivers in the United States: The concurrent use of cell phones while driving. It is now well established that cell phone use significantly impairs the driving performance (e.g., Alm & Nilsson, 1995; McKnight & McKnight, 1993; Redelmeier & Tibshirani, 1997; Strayer & Johnston, 2001; Strayer, Drews, & Johnston, 2003). For example, our earlier research found that cell phone conversations made drivers more likely to miss traffic signals and react more slowly to the signals that they did detect (Strayer & Johnston, 2001). Moreover, equivalent deficits in driving performance were obtained for both users of hand-held and hands-free cell phones. By contrast, listening to radio broadcasts or books on tape did not impair driving. These findings are important because they demonstrate that listening to verbal material, by itself, is not sufficient to produce the dual-task interference associated with using a cell phone while driving. The data indicate that when drivers become involved in a cell phone conversation, attention is withdrawn from the processing of the information in the driving environment necessary for safe operation of a motor vehicle.
Effects of artificial rewarming upon hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia

Three experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between recovery rate from deep body cooling and later memory loss. In each of these three investigations, a passive avoidance trial was followed immediately by hypothermia and recovery was manipulated by exposing rats to warm water. In Experiment I, rats returned to near normothermic levels by immersion in 36.4°C water for 20 min following the training-hypothermia treatment showed good retention, while rats allowed to recover under room temperature conditions showed the typical RA. Results from Experiment II indicated that extent of amnesia was inversely related to the duration of immersion in warm water following training-hypothermia treatment. In Experiment III. the prevention of RA by rewarming was shown to follow a time-dependent course. Initiation of rewarming 0, 5, or 10 min after hypothermia treatment eliminated RA, but the same rewarming given 30 min after treatment had no protective effect. The implications of these findings for consolidation and retrieval models of RA were considered.
Observations on the propagation, growth, and predictability of Gulf Stream meanders

During a three-year period, Gulf Stream positions determined by satellite infrared imagery on a grid northeast of Cape Hatteras have been correlated against 'inlet' path parameters (displacement from the mean position, angle, and curvature) monitored by an array of inverted echo sounders. By cross-spectral calculations between these measurements, the downstream coherences, phase speeds, and spatial growth rates were determined. The downstream path predictability from these inlet parameters was tested in a multiple input linear response model. The most energetic meanders, with periods of 33-50 days, remained highly coherent for 300 km downstream, roughly the dominant wavelength, with marginal coherence again at 500-575 km. Phase speeds are frequency dependent and decrease with distance downstream. For the 50- (33) day meanders, phase speeds decreased from 10 (17) km/d at the inlet to 6 (8) km/d at a distance downstream of about 550 km. The average growth rate (spatial e-folding wave number) over the entire region is 1.3 x 10 to the -3rd per km. Within 300 km of the inlet, the multiple coherence accounts for 55-65 percent of the total path-displacement variance, with displacement and angle being the best individual predictors in the first and last halves of this region, respectively.
A 50 MeV polarized neutron facility incorporating a high pressure tritium gas target

A collimated beam of 50 MeV neutrons with a polarization of 0.46±0.02 and a flux of ∼104n/cm2s at 3 m is produced via the T(d,n)4He reaction. Beams up to 20 μA of 38 MeV deuterons are directed through a liquid nitrogen cooled, pressurized (5.5 atm) tritium target. Details of the design, construction, and operation of the neutron facility are presented. The procedures for transferring the tritium to and from the target are also discussed as well as several safety features.
A potato bud bioassay for use in assessing activities of endogenous growth substances in the potato

A method is described for assessing the activities of growth substances using excised potato buds. Plugs containing an apical bud were excised and the cut surfaces wrapped in vitafilm. The buds were held for up to thirty days at 20°C without rotting. Daily treatment of buds for 5 days after excision, with either gibberellic acid or an extract of potato sprout promoted breaking of dormancy and growth of sprouts.
The Influence of Service Availability on the Configuration of Underground Three-Phase Primary Systems

The configuration of the underground primary system has a direct bearing on service availability. For this reason, service availability should be a dominant criterion in determining the optimum configuration for underground three-phase primary systems. This paper examines the influence of primary circuit configuration on the frequency and duration of service interruptions and on the service restoration procedure. Various arrangements of radial, open loop, and dual feed system elements are considered, with both manual and automatic sectionalizing equipment. The availability performance of a variety of total system configurations is determined by combining these system elements.
An Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor That Lacks a DNA Binding Domain and Heterodimerizes with Other Receptors

SHP is an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that contains the dimerization and ligand-binding domain found in other family members but lacks the conserved DNA binding domain. In the yeast two-hybrid system, SHP interacted with several conventional and orphan members of the receptor superfamily, including retinoid receptors, the thyroid hormone receptor, and the orphan receptor MB67. SHP also interacted directly with these receptors in vitro. In mammalian cells, SHP specifically inhibited transactivation by the superfamily members with which it interacted. These results suggest that SHP functions as a negative regulator of receptor-dependent signaling pathways.
Predicting maintenance enactment from relational schemata, spousal behavior, and relational characteristics

Thus far, researchers have made significant strides in identifying maintenance behaviors and articulating the impact of maintenance behaviors on salient relational characteristics. This study seeks to identify those variables which best predict the enactment of particular maintenance strategies among married individuals. Data were collected from 520 married individuals. Fitzpatrick's (1988) relational schemata, perception of spouse's use of maintenance behaviors, and one's own satisfaction and commitment served as the independent variables. Stafford, Dainton, and Haas' (2000) typology of maintenance behaviors served as the dependent variables. Results indicate that the most potent predictor of an individual's enactment of a selected maintenance behavior is his or her perception of the spouse's use of that same behavior. The variance explained ranged from a low of .04 to a high of .49.
Guidance of a moving sensor for the control of diffusion PDEs based on on-line approximations of feedback kernels

The use of mobile or scanning sensing and actuating devices in the control of distributed parameter systems has been established as an effective means of improving controller performance and enhancing robustness against spatiotemporally varying disturbances. In earlier attempts, the computational requirements for implementing control laws with mobile actuators and sensors was circumvented by algorithmic simplifications of the controller design. To further examine the algorithmic simplifications for implementing a controller with moving actuator and sensor, this work considers the use of feedback kernels for providing the location of the sensor and value of the corresponding static output feedback gain. For a prescribed actuator location, the corresponding full state feedback kernel is computed and instead of feeding it into a state estimator, the proposed scheme replaces the full state feedback by static output feedback with time varying gain and time varying sensor location. The sensor location is found as the location of the maximum of the feedback kernel and the value of the feedback gain is given by the maximum value of the feedback kernel. The resulting controller utilizes a moving sensor with a time varying state output feedback gain to replace a full state feedback controller with state estimator. Two different algorithms are considered; one where the motion of the actuating devices is a priori defined and in another one in which the location of the actuator is changed at discrete time intervals. Numerical studies of a 1D diffusion equation are included to illustrate both algorithms.
Problem solving and student performance in data structures and algorithms

Active and problem-based learning environments strive to improve students' problem solving skills. To better understand students' problem solving processes and thus guide the structure and development of such environments, we asked students to solve data structures and algorithms problems and to verbalize their thoughts as they solved them. In this paper, we discuss methodological issues associated with the analysis of their verbalizations. We then analyze and discuss the relationship between statistics that describe students' problem solving process and their performance in the course they were taking at the time, either the data structures or algorithms course.
The reaction of hf with polyacetylene

Anhydrous HF reacts with polyacetylene to produce a material with high conductivity. Infrared spectra of lightly doped samples show bands characteristic of a delocalized positive charge along the polymer chain. Upon heavier doping, conductivities of 1⫁−10 (ohm-cm)−1 are measured. Addition of ammonia produces an ammonium ion on the chain, and destroys the conductivity of the material. A discussion of the doping mechanism and related reactions is given.
VisNIR spectra of dried ground soils predict properties of soils scanned moist and intact

Abstract In this paper we investigated the possibility of using the VisNIR spectra of dry ground soils to predict properties of soils scanned in their natural physical state with unknown water content. We regard this as an important nexus between large soil spectral libraries (based on dried and ground soil samples) and in-field use of VisNIR where variable soil moisture and secondary structure affect predictions of soil properties of interest. External parameter orthogonalization — EPO — was used in developing a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model to predict clay and organic C contents of soil samples with variable moisture contents. The Texas Soil Spectral Library based on spectra of dried and ground soil samples along with spectra of intact and dried and ground soil cores from Central Texas USA were used for EPO–PLSR model calibration and validation. Using EPO, three matrices were developed to project VisNIR reflectance spectra to a subspace insensitive to soil moisture. The first matrix P1 was developed using spectra collected from rewetted samples that had been dried and ground. The second and third matrices, P2 and P3 were developed using spectra from soil core samples that were in their natural physical state when scanned and either field-moist (P2), or air-dried (P3). The results showed that EPO–PLSR successfully removed the effect of moisture without knowing the moisture at time of scanning and substantially improved the prediction of clay content compared to organic C content. For clay content, the validation results were as follows: No correction, R2 = 0.63, RMSEP = 355 g kg− 1; P1 correction, R2 = 0.73, RMSEP = 141 g kg− 1; and P2 correction, R2 = 0.77, RMSEP = 90 g kg− 1. For organic C content, the validation statistics were: No correction, R2 = 0.49, RMSEP = 9.4 g kg− 1; P1 correction, R2 = 0.51, RMSEP = 7.5 g kg− 1; and P2 correction, R2 = 0.53, RMSEP = 7.3 g kg− 1. Corrections of soil intactness alone had the following results for clay content: No correction RMSEP = 125 g kg− 1 and P3 correction RMSEP = 97 g kg− 1, and for organic C content: No correction RMSEP = 7.5 g kg− 1, and P3 correction RMSEP = 7.4 g kg− 1. Model results using the P2 matrix were consistently better than using P1. Particularly in predicting clay, P2 reduced the bias, non-unity, and lack of correlation, possibly because P2 accounted for the effect of natural aggregation of the soil in addition to soil moisture. Improvements for correction for intactness alone were small in clay and not significant in organic C content. We concluded that it is feasible to apply the EPO algorithm to employ VisNIR models from dried ground spectral libraries for prediction of soil properties based on field scans of soils in the natural physical state and at variable water contents.