cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model structure analysis through graph theory: partition heuristics and feedback structure decomposition

The argument of this article is that it is possible to focus on the structural complexity of system dynamics models to design a partition strategy that maximizes the test points between the model and the real world, and a calibration sequence that permits an incremental development of model confidence. It further argues that graph theory could be used as a basis for making sense of the structural complexity of system dynamics models, and that this structure could be used as a basis for more formal analysis of dynamic complexity. After reviewing the graph representation of system structure, the article presents the rationale and algorithms for model partitions based on data availability and structural characteristics. Special attention is given to the decomposition of cycle partitions that contain all the model’s feedback loops, and a unique and granular representation of feedback complexity is derived. The article concludes by identifying future research avenues in this arena. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working with “La Medicina”: Elements of Healing in Contemporary Ayahuasca Rituals

Healing is an essential aspect of Amazonian mestizo shamanism. Not only is it one of the most commonly quoted motives for Westerners for participating in ayahuasca ceremonies, but most elements of an ayahuasca ceremony are aimed to heal and protect. This article is purely ethnographic, and its purpose is to provide insight into the ways healing is conceived by both ayahuasqueros and Western participants in the context of shamanic tourism in Iquitos, Peru. I show that illness is perceived to have physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions, and healing is a complex process that takes place in and outside of ceremony. I show that a multitude of elements in a ceremony converge to address all three dimensions of illness, one of the most important ones being the element of personal crisis. Often present in healing narratives, the element of crisis becomes the catalyst for positive transformation, including physical, psychological, and spiritual healing. Rather than being seen as a singular event, healing in this context is seen as a process, in which the patient carries the responsibility for their own healing.
Effective Literacy Instruction for Adults With Specific Learning Disabilities Implications for Adult Educators

Adults with learning disabilities (LD) attending adult basic education, GED programs, or community colleges are among the lowest performers on measures of literacy. For example, on multiple measures of reading comprehension, adults with LD had a mean reading score at the third grade level, whereas adults without LD read at the fifth grade level. In addition, large numbers of adults perform at the lowest skill levels on quantitative tasks. Clearly, significant instructional challenges exist for adults who struggle with literacy issues, and those challenges can be greater for adults with LD. In this article, the literature on adults with LD is reviewed, and evidenced-based instructional practices that significantly narrow the literacy achievement gap for this population are identified. Primary attention is given to instructional factors that have been shown to affect literacy outcomes for adults with LD. These factors include the use of explicit instruction, instructional technology, and intensive tutoring in skills and strategies embedded in authentic contexts.
SPATIAL PATTERNS IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND METHANE CONCENTRATIONS IN A PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLAND IN IOWA, USA

The presence of live and dead emergent vegetation alters the microbial metabolism of communities within the water column of prairie pothole wetlands. To demonstrate the effects, dissolved CH4, dissolved O2, plant densities, and litter densities were measured in transects from emergent vegetation to open water zones. O2 concentrations were consistently lower and CH4 concentrations consistently higher in emergent zones. Plant surface cover most likely interferes with gas flux across the air-water interface in the emergent zone, impeding O2 transport into the water column and impeding CH4 transport out of the water column. Either directly or indirectly, the presence of emergent vegetation may alter aerobic and anaerobic metabolism; since wet and dry cycles can result in emergent plant cover from nearly absent to nearly 100%, understanding these dynamics over the long-term will require studies over a range of wetland stages.
A cross-cultural comparison of Ecuadorian and United States face, facework, and conflict styles during interpersonal conflict: : An application of face-negotiation theory

ABSTRACTThis study applied and extended face-negotiation theory in a cross-cultural comparison of face, facework, and conflict management styles between Ecuador and the United States (US). Participants included students from the United States and Ecuador. Participants completed a questionnaire that measured face, facework, and conflict style preference in one of two recalled conflict situations that varied in relational closeness (i.e., intimate, nonintimate). Results reveal that Ecuadorian and U.S. students did not differ in their self-face, other-face, and mutual-face concerns. Ecuadorian and U.S. students differed significantly in their preference for facework and conflict style preferences across the two conflict situations, however.
Paleogeographic distribution of Early Devonian plant traits

One problem in Early Devonian phytogeography is determining the extent to which regional taxonomic usage rather than differences in the distribution offossilplants determine phytogeographic units. Because the same Early Devonian phytogeographic units can be delineated based on the paleogeographic distribution of eitherfossil genera or plants traits, this suggests that the observed phytogeography is real and not caused by regional taxonomic usage. In the Early Devonian, there are three major phytogeographic units, Australian, Kazakhstan-north Gondwanan, and Equatorial-middle latitude. Within the Equatorial-middle latitude unit, there are three regions that show phytogeographic differentiation: Siberia-north Laurussia, south Laurussia, and China. The following genera characterized each unit and subunit; Yarravia and Hedeia (Australian unit); Cooksonia (Kazakhstan-north Gondwanan unit); Rebuchia and Protobarinophyton-Barinophyton (Siberian-north Laurussian subunit); Renalia and Gosslingia (south Laurussian subunit); and Hsua (Chinese subunit). The Australian unit and the Siberian-north Laurussian subunit lie in the Early Devonian middle latitudes on some reconstructions, and may have experienced a seasonal climate. The traits that characterized this unit and subunit involve clustered sporangia, synangia, and clustered terminal sporangia (Australian unit); and strobili, and sporangia clustered on one side of a stem (Siberian-north Laurussian subunit). Clustered sporangia may have protected spores from desiccation or cold temperatures during seasonal dry or cool periods. Multivariate statistical techniques (cluster analysis and polar ordination analysis) were used to delineate phytogeographic units in this study. Multivariate analysis of generic data sets excludes unnamed plant fossils and single-locality endemics, because the latter add no information. Further, the inclusion of many lowdiversity assemblages can distort the results of a generic analysis. Trait analysis can include all the described plant fossils present in an assemblage. Because lowand highdiversity assemblages have similar numbers of traits, this method also masks diversity differences between assemblages. Trait analysis may thus yield better results than generic analysis for intervals with many single-locality endemics, unnamed plant fossils, or low-diversity assemblages.
Combinatorial Materials Research Applied to the Development of New Surface Coatings XV: An Investigation of Polysiloxane Anti-Fouling/Fouling-Release Coatings Containing Tethered Quaternary Ammonium Salt Groups

As part of ongoing efforts aimed at the development of extensive structure−property relationships for moisture-curable polysiloxane coatings containing tethered quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) moieties for potential application as environmental friendly coatings to combat marine biofouling, a combinatorial/high-throughput (C/HT) study was conducted that was focused on four different compositional variables. The coatings that were investigated were derived from solution blends of a silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HO-PDMS-OH), QAS-functional alkoxysilane, and methyltriacetoxysilane. The compositional variables investigated were alkoxysilane functionality of the QAS-functional silane, chain length of the monovalent alkyl group attached to the QAS nitrogen atom, concentration of the QAS-functional alkoxysilane, and molecular weight of the HO-PDMS-OH. Of these variables, the composition of the alkoxysilane functionality of the QAS-functional silane was a unique variable that had not been previously investigated. The antifouling (AF) and fouling-release (FR) characteristics of the 24 unique coating compositions were characterized using HT assays based on three different marine microorganisms, namely, the two bacteria, Cellulophaga lytica and Halomonas pacifica, and the diatom, Navicula incerta. Coatings surfaces were characterized by surface energy, water contact angle hysteresis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A wide variety of responses were obtained over the compositional space investigated. ANOVA analysis showed that the compositional variables and their interactions significantly influenced AF/FR behaviors toward individual marine microorganisms. It was also found that utilization of the ethoxysilane-functional QASs provided enhanced AF character compared to coatings based on methoxysilane-functional analogues. This was attributed to enhanced surface segregation of QAS groups at the coating-air interface and confirmed by phase images using AFM.
Sense and simulacra: Manipulation of the senses in medieval ‘copies’ of Jerusalem

Medieval and Renaissance ‘copies’ of the Holy Sepulchre are striking for their visual inaccuracies. This article proposes that these structures were never meant to serve only as visual copies, but that they were intended to be copies of the complete sensory experience of visiting the Holy Sepulchre. Focusing on the Jerusalem Chapel in Bruges and the Sacro Monte of Varallo, I posit that these sites functioned as sensory simulacra that replicated essential spaces, actions and stimuli experienced in Jerusalem by pilgrims at the Holy Sepulchre. European copies enabled devotees to become actors engaged in kinetic devotional practices like those performed in Jerusalem. This study reveals that European copies of the Holy Sepulchre were both more complex and more successful than has previously been recognized.
ATCT-21A PROSPECTIVE PHASE II CLINICAL TRIAL OF 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID TO CORRELATE INTRAOPERATIVE FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY WITH HISTOLOGIC CELLULARITY

There is evidence that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) facilitates greater extent of resection and improves 6-month progression-free survival in patients with high grade gliomas. But there remains a paucity of studies that have examined whether the intensity of ALA fluorescence correlates with tumor cellularity. A phase II clinical trial was undertaken to correlate the intensity of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) fluorescence with degree of tumor cellularity during resection of high grade gliomas. A single-center, single arm, phase II clinical trial of ALA fluorescence-guided resection of high grade gliomas was held from 2010 to 2014. Biopsies were graded on a 4 point scale (0-none to 3-highest) based on ALA fluorescence intensity by the neurosurgeon and independently based on tumor cellularity by a neuropathologist. Outcome of interest was the correlation of ALA fluorescence intensity to tumor cellularity and adverse events. A total of 211 biopsies from 59 patients were included: 79.7% glioblastoma. ALA intensity 3 correlated with tumor presence 97.4% of cases and ALA intensity 0 correlated with tumor absence only 37.7% of cases. For all tumor types, glioblastoma, high grade, and recurrent tumors, ALA fluorescence intensity 3 correlated strongly with cellularity grade 3; correlation coefficients were 0.65, 0.66, 0.65, and 0.62, respectively. Specificity and PPV of ALA intensity 3-cellularity grade 3 match ranged from 95% to 100% and 86% to 100%, respectively. In samples without tumor, 35.4% had ALA fluorescence. Of those, 90.9% contained reactive astrocytes and atypical cells; 8.1% were normal brain. In non-fluorescent samples, 62.3% had tumor cells present. ALA associated complication was 3.4%. ALA demonstrated high PPV and ALA intensity 3 correlated strongly with cellularity grade 3. However, ALA had low NPV for excluding tumor presence. In addition, even in the absence of tumor cells, reactive changes including inflammation may lead to ALA fluorescence.
Subsequent laparoscopic surgery for patients with previously undergoing ipsilateral open nephric surgery

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of reoperation by laparoscopic surgery for 4 patients who have previously underwent ipsilateral open nephric surgery.Methods:4 patients with hydronephrosis who had previously undergone nephric surgery by trans-lumbar incision were performed laparoscopically, including 2 cases of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy, 1 case of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and 1 case of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty.Results:Laparoscopic surgery were successfully performed on all the 4 patients, no complication occurred. The mean operative time was average 2.5 hours in transperitoneal approach; the mean estimated blood loss was average 50ml. The operative time in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and pyeloplasty was 3 hours and 4.5 hours respectively; the mean estimated blood loss was 80~100 ml.Conclusions:Although scar and adhesion of previous operation may present more difficulties in the subsequent operation, it is feasible to perform laparoscopic surgery for rich experienced and skillful laparoscopist.
Research on the Content and Method Reform of College PE

Classroom is the main teaching position for college sports reform.The contents and methods of teaching has been the most direct relative factors,which is the most studied and discussed part in recent years.In view of the current trend of the reform of college sports teaching,based on the principles and practice staff,the author put forward some new ways for the reform of teaching contents and methods to guide the development of physical education reform.
Antiviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children

Antiretroviral therapy for children is still at an early stage, although progress is being made slowly. Zidovudine administered at 180 mg/m2/dose every 6 hours is the current standard therapy for symptomatic children and those with low CD4 counts. This standard is likely to evolve as further testing clarifies the optimal dosage for ZDV in different populations. Children on ZDV need to be monitored very closely (at least monthly) for hematologic side effects, which are most common in the more seriously ill children. The role of some of the newer antiretrovirals, like ddI and ddC, which are likely to be licensed, has yet to be established. They have a different toxicity profile than ZDV and thus may work well in combination with it. The issue of peripheral neuropathy and the lack of an easy test to measure it makes using ddC or ddI in young, preverbal children a daunting proposition. As with ZDV, the optimum dosage and timing have yet to be fixed for ddC or ddI alone, and even less available are regimens for combination therapy. Antiretroviral drugs other than the dideoxynucleosides are less well developed. Some, like high-titer antiviral immunoglobulin, involve technology that is already available and thus will be relatively easy to study. Others, like the antisense oligomers, are such a new technology that there are many hurdles to be overcome as the agents move from the laboratory to the clinic. The goal of agents that work on sites other than reverse transcriptase is a reasonable one, but the work in perfecting such new categories of drug is difficult and slow. In the meantime, children with HIV should be symptomatically supported and offered the most effective antiretroviral regimens available.
Changes in Air Temperature and Precipitation Chemistry Linked to Water Temperature and Acidity Trends in Freshwater Lakes of Cape Cod National Seashore (Massachusetts, USA)

Freshwater lakes are an important natural and cultural resource in national parks across the USA. At Cape Cod National Seashore, in southeastern Massachusetts, the water quality of these water bodies (known as kettle ponds), along with local precipitation chemistry, has been measured since the 1980s. These datasets, along with air temperature obtained from a local weather station, were analyzed to assess temporal trends in the air temperature, precipitation acidity, pond temperature, and pond pH, and are interpreted within the context of regional air quality improvements and increasing temperatures from regional climate warming. The results suggest that all parameters have increased significantly during the last several decades. As temperature and pH regulate a wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes, these changes may be influencing the overall ecology of the kettle ponds. This analysis provides an opportunity to gauge the future trajectory of this important resource and may ultimately guide management strategies for their continued protection against a backdrop of climate change and atmospheric emission controls.
Laser Pump, X-Ray Probe Spectroscopy on Gaas

A laser pump, x-ray probe spectroscopic experiment and its results are presented. We measured the Ga Kα x-ray fluorescence following x-ray absorption at the Ga K absorption edge and determined its increase due to excitation with subpicosecond pulses of laser light at 4.6eV photon energy. Within about 200 ps after the laser excitation, additional possible final states for the x-ray absorption process are present in the valence band, leading to an increased rate of x-ray absorption/fluorescence processes. The technique could eventually lead to femtosecond-resolving pump-probe spectroscopy with an absolute reference energy level and also to a femtosecond-resolving x-ray detector. The latter is of particular importance to future short-pulse x-ray sources, such as free-electron lasers.
Do Students With Experience Know That Much More? Assessing In-Service and Pre-Service Differences in Public Administration Students

This paper explores how public administration pre-service and in-service students solve problems using a park planning exercise. With Mark Moore's framework from Creating Public Value, we used the interpretive approach and analyzed respondents' solutions through the operational, substantive, and political contexts. We find that in-service students approach the problem differently than pre-service students by drawing upon known protocols and providing richer and more flexible approaches. These findings support the special treatment of in-service students allowed under the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration's 2009 Standards suggesting this special treatment is appropriate for in-service experience based experts. Furthermore, we recommend that instructors emphasize the "publicness" of work in the public sector through increased use of case studies and experiential learning techniques for pre-service students. Graduate degree programs in public administration (MPA) and public management (MPPM) often enroll students who bring with them a wide range of experience and knowledge. For example, students may be "pre-service," meaning they have little work experience in the public sector and may have recently completed their undergraduate degrees. In contrast, other students
Use Cases for Digital Pathology

Core uses of digital pathology in the diagnostic realm are growing and currently include primary diagnosis, frozen section diagnosis, real-time and delayed consultations, various settings of telepathology and telecytology, and quality assurance, both technical and professional. Each of these offers some advantages over conventional glass slides. Educational uses for digital pathology are now firmly entrenched at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels, and are expanding in the graduate (residency) level. Clear advantages in cost and efficiency appear to be accruing to students and learners at all levels, as well as to teachers. Image analysis is a critical tool that links well with digital pathology and further expands the utility and niches into which its use is growing. These applications are now routine in the clinical analysis of certain biomarkers such as Her-2, but are poised to expand significantly as more and more personalized-medicine therapeutic options become available. Other research and biopharma applications are also increasingly demonstrating the utility of digital pathology.
PET Amyloid Analyses

In this issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Rowe et al. describe application of the centiloid methodology for scaling and analysis of studies performed with 18F-NAV4694 for characterizing cerebral amyloid deposition in clinical research ([1][1]). This is one of several evolving approaches to
Future Directions: Lung Aging, Inflammation, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), are unusually prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Often these disease states are identified at younger ages than would be expected in the general population. Recent epidemiologic, basic scientific, and cross-sectional clinical data have implicated immune dysfunction and cellular senescence as potential drivers of advanced presentations of age-related diseases in HIV-infected persons. This article describes how HIV-associated COPD and PH may fit into a paradigm of immunosenescence, and outlines the hypothesized associations among chronic HIV infection, immune dysfunction and senescence, and cardiopulmonary outcomes.
Surface Chemistry of Aromatic Reactants on Pt- and Mo-Modified Pt Catalysts

Supported catalysts containing an oxophilic metal such as Mo and a noble metal such as Pt have shown promising activity and selectivity for deoxygenation of biomass-derived compounds. Here, we report that PtMo catalysts also promote hydrogenolysis of the model compound benzyl alcohol, while decarbonylation is most prevalent over unmodified Pt. A combination of single crystal surface science studies, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and vapor phase upgrading experiments using supported catalysts was carried out to better understand the mechanism by which Mo promotes deoxygenation. Molybdenum was deposited in submonolayer quantities on a Pt(111) surface and reduced at high temperature. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments using benzyl alcohol as a reactant showed greatly enhanced yields of the deoxygenation product toluene at moderate Mo coverages. To understand how the interaction of the aromatic group with the surface influenced this reactivity, we investigated the adsorption o...
Anaphase A: Disassembling Microtubules Move Chromosomes toward Spindle Poles.

The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase is the culmination of mitosis and one of the most strikingly beautiful examples of cellular movement. It consists of two distinct processes: Anaphase A, the movement of chromosomes toward spindle poles via shortening of the connecting fibers, and anaphase B, separation of the two poles from one another via spindle elongation. I focus here on anaphase A chromosome-to-pole movement. The chapter begins by summarizing classical observations of chromosome movements, which support the current understanding of anaphase mechanisms. Live cell fluorescence microscopy studies showed that poleward chromosome movement is associated with disassembly of the kinetochore-attached microtubule fibers that link chromosomes to poles. Microtubule-marking techniques established that kinetochore-fiber disassembly often occurs through loss of tubulin subunits from the kinetochore-attached plus ends. In addition, kinetochore-fiber disassembly in many cells occurs partly through ‘flux’, where the microtubules flow continuously toward the poles and tubulin subunits are lost from minus ends. Molecular mechanistic models for how load-bearing attachments are maintained to disassembling microtubule ends, and how the forces are generated to drive these disassembly-coupled movements, are discussed.
BENOMYL INHIBITION OF COTESIA (= APANTELES) MARGINIVENTRIS SURVIVAL IN FOUR LEPIDOPTEROUS HOSTS

Four noctuid larvae, Heliothis zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and S. ornithogalli (Guenee) were reared on semi-synthetic diet in which varying concentrat...
Eating Behaviors, Weight Bias, and Psychological Functioning in Multi-ethnic Low-income Adolescents.

The purposes of this study were to: 1) Describe the incidence of disordered eating, weight bias, body dissatisfaction, and psychological distress, 2) Examine the relationship between sociodemographic variables (gender, ethnicity, and income) and disordered eating, weight bias, body dissatisfaction, and psychological distress in a sample of low-income adolescents.A cross-sectional study was conducted with 105 adolescents from low-income neighborhoods. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to assess eating behaviors, weight bias, body dissatisfaction, and psychological functioning. Height and weight were measured, and information on household income was collected.The participant's mean age was 16.31 (SD=2.8) years, 66% female, 47% Hispanic, and 46% African American. The mean annual income was $17,018 (SD=11,355). Twenty-eight percent self-reported having some form of disordered eating, and 15% reported an eating disorder. The group with eating disorder reported the highest levels of weight bias (M=93.4, SD=109.6), body dissatisfaction (M=94.6, SD=47.6), and psychological distress (M=1.4, SD=0.97).This study found a high prevalence of eating disorders with eating disorder participants experiencing the highest levels of weight bias and psychological distress. Future studies are needed to identify and evaluate community and school-based interventions to minimize weight bias and disordered eating.Nurses are at the forefront of healthcare and should collaborate with educators, school counselors, administrators, coaches, parents, and students, to address weight bias and disordered eating in schools by implementing school-based curriculum and policies.
The Colonial American Center of studies along 2017

In this document, it's presented all the activities and publications that the Colonial American Center of studies has done along 2017.
Southern Assumptions: Normalizing Racialized Structures at a University in the Deep South

Informed by critical race theory (CRT), we examine how African-American and white college students, at a predominantly white, structurally diverse, Southern US university, understand their cross-racial experiences. Black–white interactions are understood within the context of the so-called ‘post-racial’ environment, against the backdrop of high-profile cases of racial injustice, and within the added context of the historical legacy of slavery and Jim Crow segregation in the rural Southern United States. Our study suggests that many students, regardless of race, recognized the persistence of racial segregation, especially in nightlife and campus Greek letter organizations (GLOs). African-American students were the most vocal and troubled by this division. Unexpectedly, however, students appeared to take for granted that in the American South, racism is persistent and indestructible. Building on Bell’s (1991) notion of racial realism and Bonilla-Silva’s (2013) notion of naturalization, we expand the...
Successful pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in a patient with sickle cell disease and associated resolution of a leg ulcer

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a relatively frequent and severe complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). PH associated with SCD is classified as Group 5 PH. The exact pathogenesis of PH in SCD in not known. There are also very limited treatment options available at this time for such patients with Group 5 PH. Patients with SCD are predisposed to a hypercoagulable state and thus can also suffer from chronic thromboembolism. These patients can have associated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), thus being classified as Group 4 PH. We present such a case of a patient with SCD diagnosed with severe PH who was found to have CTEPH and successfully underwent a thromboendarterectomy with resolution of his symptoms such as reduction of his oxygen requirements and healing of chronic leg ulcer. This case illustrates the importance of screening patients with SCD and elevated pulmonary artery pressures for CTEPH as this would offer possible treatment options such as pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and/or riociguat in this subset of patients.
Ecological momentary assessment of smoking behaviors in native and converted intermittent smokers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES About 22% of adult smokers in the U.S. are intermittent cigarette smokers (ITS). ITS can be further classified as native ITS who never smoked daily and converted ITS who formerly smoked daily but reduced to intermittent smoking. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was conducted to determine the behaviors and experiences that are associated with the decision to smoke. METHODS The study included 24 native ITS and 36 converted ITS (N = 60) from the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study. A baseline questionnaire, daily log, and an EMA smoking log that assessed emotions, activities, and smoking urges was filled out with each cigarette for 1 week to capture 574 smoking sessions. RESULTS Both groups had very low levels of cigarette dependence. Both groups were more tempted to smoke in positive or negative situations than situations associated with habituation. EMA showed that the most common emotional state during smoking sessions was positive (47%), followed by negative (32%), neutral (16%), and mixed (5%) emotions. Smokers were more likely to smoke during activities of leisure (48%) than during performative duties (29%), social (16%) or interactive occasions (7%). Converted ITS were more likely to smoke alone compared to native ITS (p < .001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ITS report minimal levels of dependence when captured on traditional scales of nicotine dependence, yet experience loss of autonomy and difficulty quitting. The majority of the ITS reported positive emotions and leisure activities while smoking, and smoked during the evening. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The current paper identifies environmental and behavioral factors that are associated with smoking among ITS in real time. (Am J Addict 2018;27:131-138).
Finding the Customers: Challenges and Experiences Marketing K-12 Full-time Virtual Schools

ABSTRACTFull-time virtual schooling is a growing alternative to traditional schools, although it is an option still unknown to many students. The ability to inform students through marketing is thu...
Host selection and potential non-target risk of Dastarcus helophoroides, a larval parasitoid of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis

Abstract Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae), an important parasitoid of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) (Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Motschulsky)) in Asia, is being evaluated for biocontrol of ALB in the United States. We assessed the responses of D. helophoroides to its native host, ALB, and a non-target surrogate, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in their respective host plant substrates. Dastarcus helophoroides successfully located, parasitized, and developed on both species. Host-substrate did not affect adult oviposition; however, oviposition did not always result in host parasitism as this is completed by planidial first instar larvae. First instars parasitized significantly more ALB hosts than EAB larvae naturally infesting the cambium tissues of their host sticks, and significantly more progeny was produced from ALB than from EAB. Parasitoid egg to adult development was significantly faster on ALB than on EAB hosts. Adults emerging from EAB were nearly 18% smaller on average than adults emerging from ALB. Prolonged development and smaller body sizes of D. helophoroides emerging from EAB may indicate this species is not likely to be an optimal host and that frass packing behaviors of EAB may reduce its risk of parasitism by D. helophoroides.
Consumption, History of

Stimulated by the visibility and power of the consumer economy in contemporary societies, scholars have redoubled their interest in investigating its past—to locate its beginnings, trace its growth, and assess its historical effects. The methodologies deployed to study the history of consumption are decidedly eclectic. Social history is still the dominant approach, but disciplinary influences include economics, marketing research, anthropology, and sociology to cultural and cinema studies and art and design history. As well as tracing the major approaches and concepts in studying the history of consumption, the article examines the periodization of mass consumption, consumption regimes outside the West, and the shared concerns of the new agendas of research in the field.
Synthesis and luminescence studies of a novel white Dy:K3Y(VO4)2 and yellow emitting phosphor Dy,Bi:K3Y(VO4)2 with potential application in white light emitting diodes

Abstract Potassium yttrium double vanadates (K3Y(VO4)2) doped with Bi3+ or Dy3+ and codoped with Bi3+ and Dy3+ have been synthesized by solid state reactions at 1000 °C for 48 h and their photoluminescence properties investigated. Efficient energy transfer from the vanadate (VO43−) group or bismuth ions to the rare earth ion has been established by photoluminescence investigation upon UV excitation and results in blue and yellow emissions at 480–489 nm and 572–580 nm respectively. The codoping of Bi3+ and Dy3+ into K3Y(VO4)2 results in enhanced yellow emission band while the blue emission band remains relatively unchanged. The intensities of emission for the studied materials were investigated as a function of different Bi3+ and Dy3+ ion concentrations. The presented results show K3Y(VO4)2 phosphors as potential candidates W-LEDs applications.
Finite Groups and Semisimple Algebras in Quantum Mechanics

Publisher Summary Quantum mechanical problems are simplified and usefully structured through the use of group theory. Applications occur when a Hamiltonian commutes with the elements of a given group. In such a case, the group transformation properties of the Hamiltonian eigenkets are determined, quantum numbers and selection rules are supplied, and the construction of eigenkets and the evaluation of matrix elements can be simplified. The zero-order group provides approximate transformation properties, quantum numbers, and selection rules for the perturbed eigenkets.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of a Bronchobiliary Fistula that Developed Secondary to Chemotherapy-induced Stricturing

A bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare abnormal communication between the biliary tree and bronchial system. The majority of cases are the result of biliary obstruction or injury, with the major symptomatology of cough and biliptysis. The initial management of BBFs is variable but aims to decompress the biliary system allowing for diversion and passive healing of the fistula tract. Definitive management is with surgical fistulectomy. New minimally invasive therapeutic approaches utilizing endoscopic or percutaneous methodology have been described with some success. We present the successful treatment of a BBF that developed secondary to chemotherapy-induced biliary stricturing (CIBS) with a novel percutaneous embolization approach using a vascular plug and liquid embolic agent.
Facilities Planning for Aviation Education

The importance of properly designed physical facilities as an environment for the delivery of an aviation and education program cannot be over emphasized. While excellent teaching can and does take place in inadequate physical settings, the delivery process and related human experience both for teachers and students invariably suffers. At the same time, the decision making process involved in producing suitable facilities for any aviation related activity has become exceedingly complex. Growing sophistication of technology and state of the art of aviation systems, changing educational programs, complex administrative structures, and difficulties in' the economy and abili ty for institutions to fund building programs all serve to C01Dplicate any well intentioned building development goals. It is essential that a broad based comprehensive planning and design process be utilized if the product of any building development is to achieve requisite facility objectives. Short term, expedient approaches to replacement of inadequate facilities invariably result in an equally short lived solution to the problem. Even worse, they often complicate longer range development opportunities due to the absence of an overall masterplan, and usually create a poor architectural image. The planning process must incorporate a successful integration of client/users and plaMing/design professionals as well. Input and expertise from all parties involved must cxae together in a continuing interaction and dialogue. The key words in any facility development endeavor are comprehensive planning and professional interaction. Thia process has been applied to the long range facility needs of t he Institute of Aviation at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. A review of the methods and techniques utilized in this project can be beneficial in developing insights for application to other similar programs.
Analysis of V th Variations in IGBTs Under Thermal Stress for Improved Condition Monitoring in Automotive Power Conversion Systems

Today, power conversion in automotive industry depends heavily on the reliable operation of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Condition monitoring of IGBTs and reporting imminent faults to driver dashboard are critical for avoiding any fatal accidents. In this study, first, a comprehensive comparison is carried out between on-state collector–emitter drop ( $V_{ce,on}$ ) with gate threshold voltage ( V th), as two reliable aging precursors. In order to enrich current understanding of IGBT aging prognosis, accelerated aging methods are applied under a wide variety of thermal stresses. Aging mechanisms and physical phenomena responsible for variation in both $V_{ce,on}$ and V th have been methodically investigated. These explanations are also supported by detailed failure analysis. Based on the extensive result sets for tested samples from different manufacturers with different structural types, it is found that $V_{ce,on}$ show different trends at different stress levels, whereas under the same test conditions V th provides more consistent and robust state-of-health information. Finally, an example experiment has been performed in which continuous $V_{ce,on}$ measurements coupled with V th information has been used to provide more insight about the device aging as well as faults in an automobile's sub-systems.
Four-coloring P6-free graphs

In this paper we present a polynomial time algorithm for the 4-coloring problem and the 4-precoloring extension problem restricted to the class of graphs with no induced six-vertex path, thus proving a conjecture of Huang. Combined with previously known results this completes the classification of the complexity of the 4-coloring problem for graphs with a connected forbidden induced subgraph.
Scholarly Productivity of Social Work Graduate Programs: Implications for Social Work Practice and Education

This research compares the scholarly productivity of ten leading social work graduate programs with 35 randomly selected Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) accredited graduate programs. The da...
MULTIPHASE FLOW IN EX-VESSEL COOLABILITY: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE CONCEPT

1. BACKGROUND In the design of the next-generation of nuclear reactors and in the safety assessment of currently operating nuclear power plants, it is necessary to evaluate the risk from a severe accident and to identify the key strategies to follow in order to mitigate possible consequences. In the unlikely event of a severe accident involving core melt, it is important to identify the processes that would allow the molten core material to cool down and resolidify, to reliably remove core decay heat, and to bring core debris to a safe and stable state - thereby achieving so-called "core coolability". For current nuclear plants, the safety approach taken by plant operators and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) is to: - Provide alternative sources of water to arrest progression of the degraded core accident; - Develop accident management procedures to maximize reactor pressure vessel integrity; - Provide long-term ultimate heat sink paths to remove decay heat from the containment; - Delay any potential containment failure beyond 24 hours for off-site emergency actions.
Effect of an adjuvant breast cancer vaccine on disease-specific survival of breast cancer patients with depressed lymphocyte immunity.

3087 Background: Breast cancer patients were vaccinated in the adjuvant setting with an autologous, allogeneic whole cell vaccine to evaluate the effect on host lymphocyte immunity and disease-spec...
Enhancing sustained-release local therapy: Single versus dual chemotherapy for the treatment of neuroblastoma.

Abstract Background Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric extracranial solid malignancy with limited effective treatment. We have shown that sustained-release, single drugs delivered locally through a silk-based biomaterial are effective in decreasing orthotopic neuroblastoma xenograft growth. We further optimized this approach and hypothesized that increasing doses of local chemotherapy or delivering 2 chemotherapeutic agents simultaneously inhibit additional tumor growth. Methods MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells were treated with combinations of cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide to determine cytotoxicity and synergy. Drug-loaded silk material was created, and the amounts of drug released from the material over time were recorded. Murine orthotopic neuroblastoma xenografts were generated; tumors were implanted with single- or dual-agent chemotherapy-loaded silk. Ultrasound was used to monitor tumor growth, and tumor histology was evaluated. Results In vitro, vincristine/cisplatin combination was synergistic and significantly decreased cell viability relative to other combinations. Both drugs loaded into silk could be released effectively for over 2 weeks. Locally implanted vincristine/cisplatin silk induced increased tumor growth suppression compared with either agent alone in MYCN-amplified tumors (P 50 μg to 500 μg for vincristine-cisplatin, respectively. Tumor histology demonstrated tumor cell necrosis adjacent to drug-loaded silk material and presence of large cell neuroblastoma. Conclusion Local delivery of sustained release chemotherapy can suppress tumor growth especially at high doses or with 2 synergistic drugs. Locally delivered dual therapy is a promising approach for future clinical testing.
A Fulbright Scholar’s report on textiles and apparel education in Myanmar

Myanmar, once known as Burma, has a substantial history in the textiles and apparel industry. In the past, the nation’s contribution to the industry was small compared to that of other Asian nations. However, Myanmar’s global trade in textiles and apparel products has increased dramatically after the European Union suspended its sanctions in 2013 and after the United States issued a waiver and general license in 2012 (Kent, Can manufacturing succeed in Myanmar, http://www.forbes.com/sites/connorconnect/2012/10/18/can-manufacturing-succeed-in-myanmar/#73630e4c4b7d , 2012). This trend is expected to continue, with Myanmar’s apparel exports projected to more than double by 2020, reaching $4 billion ( www.fibre2fashion.com ). Given the economic growth potential of the textiles and apparel industry, it is imperative for Myanmar to support textiles and apparel education regarding design, product development, retailing, and marketing. The author served as a U.S. Fulbright Scholar to Myanmar for the 2018–2019 term. She taught a course in the MBA program at Yangon University of Economics in Yangon, Myanmar, in addition to working in the Myanmar fashion industry to support fashion entrepreneurs using traditional Myanmar textiles and designs. In this report, the author provides her insight on the current status of Myanmar’s textiles and apparel education, along with information on the textiles and apparel industry in Myanmar.
The influence of the moon on deliveries

Other factors which we noted, including the female predominance, low individual birth weight, and thoracopagus twins with conjoined malformed hearts, are common to all series of conjoined twins and not necessarily to clusters. The Jerusalem cases are similar to those of other reports of clusters in that, except for the possible seasonal incidence, no clue to a common etiology could be determined. Thus, the phenomenon of clustering of conjoined twins remains an unsolved mystery.
Establishing the Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State, and Substantial Clinical Benefit of the PROMIS Upper Extremity Questionnaire After Rotator Cuff Repair:

Background:The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Upper Extremity (PROMIS UE) questionnaire has been validated as an effective and efficient outcome measure after rotator cuff ...
A Characterization for Optimal Bundling of Products with Inter-dependent Values

This paper studies optimal bundling of products with interdependent values. I show that, under some conditions, a monopolist optimally chooses to sell only the grand bundle of a given set of products if and only if the optimal sales volume for the grand bundle is larger than the optimal sales volume for any smaller bundle. I then provide an interpretation of this characterization based on (i) the magnitude of the variation across consumers in how complementary they find different products, and (ii) how this variation correlates with price sensitivity. I also discuss several implications of the main result. In particular, I detail how it relates to "ratio monotonicity" results on bundling, and describe how it can provide a full characterization of the optimal tariff in nonlinear pricing problems.