cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chlorine evolution reaction electrocatalysis on RuO2(110) and IrO2(110) grown using molecular-beam epitaxy

We report the electrocatalysis of the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) on well-defined RuO2(110) and IrO2(110) surfaces. RuO2 and IrO2 are known for their capabilities to catalyze the CER. Until now, the CER measurements have only been reported on well-defined RuO2 surfaces and only at high Cl- concentrations. We present the CER measurement and the role of Cl- at lower concentration on single-orientation RuO2(110) and IrO2(110) films. We find that RuO2(110) is two orders of magnitude more active than IrO2(110). Moreover, we observe the correlation between the CER activity and the Oad formation potential on RuO2 and IrO2, supporting the prior suggestion that the Oad is the active site for the CER. We further use the reaction order analysis to support the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism of the CER, which was previously suggested from the Tafel slope analysis. Our finding highlights the importance of the surface Oad species on oxides for the CER electrocatalysis and suggests the electrochemical formation of Clad on Oad (for example, Cl- + Oad ↔ OClad + e-) as the crucial step in the CER electrocatalysis.
Reaching Our Young Citizens: Comparing Model of Japanese and Indonesian Civic Participation in the Online Sphere

The expansion of online media as a public sphere for youth political participation created an ephemeral scholarly conversation. Online media offers the opportunity for the youth to involve in politics as good citizens by following the novel civic style in the web sphere, developing new platform in communication style, and engaging in online community. Indonesian and Japanese models on civic engagement in the web sphere will enrich the Asian perspectives from the established theoretical framework in the western standpoint. Japan and Indonesia are two compatible counterparts to contrast the Asian case study. Both countries are relatively new in democracy, experiencing massive changes in the governments, political parties, penetration of technologies, and youth lifestyle. Both countries experience the similar struggles to understand the digital citizenship among young people. This research will answer the big question on how and to what extend the young citizens actively involved in political participation via media online. There are two prominent theories as the platform to configure the comparison of young citizenship model in Japan and Indonesia. First, the researcher will use the framework of Dutiful and Self Actualized Citizenship (AC-DC). Each type of citizenship develop distinguish characteristics in terms of civic style and communication logics. There are four competences in each model, such as knowledge, expression, public skills, and action skills. Secondly, this study will find the pattern of online media usage for the youth political and civic participation and to archive the youth civic engagements as an appreciation towards democratic growth in the relatively progressive Asian country.
Frequent homozygous deletions of the CDKN2A locus in somatic cancer tissues.

Abstract Here we present and describe data on homozygous deletions (HD) of human CDKN2 A and neighboring regions on the p arm of Chromosome 9 from cancer genome sequences deposited on the online Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Although CDKN2 A HDs have been previously described in many cancers, this is a pan-cancer report of these aberrations with the aim to map the distribution of the breakpoints. We find that HDs of this locus have a median range of 1,255,650bps. When the deletion breakpoints were mapped on both the telomere and centromere proximal sides of CDKN2A, most of the telomere proximal breakpoints concentrate to a narrow region of the chromosome which includes the gene MTAP.. The centromere proximal breakpoints of the deletions are distributed over a wider chromosomal region. Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows that the deletions that include the CDKN2A region also include the MTAP region and this observation is tissue independent. We propose a model that may explain the origin of the telomere proximal CDKN2A breakpoints Finally, we find that HD distributions for at least three other loci, RB1, SMAD4 and PTEN are also not random.
The Application of Chemical Models to Cellular DNA Damage

Understanding the biochemical mechanisms associated with the production of DNA strand breaks by ionizing radiation is a subject of great interest. Numerous attempts have been made to elucidate many aspects of these phenomena (Roots et al., 1985; Pohlit and Drenkard, 1985; Ward, 1988) and indeed most of our present knowledge is due to the efforts of experimental radiation biochemists. For a better quantitative understanding these efforts need to be complemented by theoretical modeling in order to correlate energy loss events with the corresponding biochemical changes and eventually to the yields of strand breaks.
Superconducting RF Technology R and D for Future Accelerator Applications

Superconducting rf (SRF) technology is evolving rapidly, as are its applications. While there is active exploitation of what one may call the current state-of-the-practice, there is also rapid progress in expanding in several dimensions the accessible and useful parameter space. While state-of-the-art performance sometimes outpaces thorough understanding, the improving scientific understanding from active SRF research is clarifying routes to obtain optimum performance from present materials and opening avenues beyond the standard bulk niobium. The improving technical basis understanding is enabling process engineering to improve both performance confidence and reliability and also unit implementation costs. Increasing confidence in the technology enables the engineering of new creative application designs. We attempt to survey this landscape to highlight the potential for future accelerator applications.
Wild Bird Workshop: A Professional Development Opportunity for Educators

The lack of environmental education in many primary and secondary school systems is likely due to overloaded school curricula, lack of funds, large classroom sizes, and other contributing factors. Through the integration of hands-on activities following the training of teachers, we can improve the impact of environmental education. Our goals in this study were to (1) develop a new kit-based, hands-on, experiential wildlife curriculum for grades K–12, focused on wild birds; (2) train educators on the curriculum through a professional development workshop; and (3) evaluate participants on their affinities for, perceptions of, and attitudes toward wildlife and birds. The results suggested that the workshop was minimally effective in influencing positive responses or improvement in perceived knowledge about birds, though in general the educators came into the workshop with positive perceptions and attitudes toward wildlife. Participants emphasized in their responses the importance of outdoor lessons and the potential for integrating citizen science in the classroom. Opportunities such as this can arm teachers with tools for the classroom and create stewards of the environment and conservationists through hands-on activities in field techniques and real-world research.
Association between Objective Activity Intensity and Heart Rate Variability: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Mediation (CARDIA).

Purpose We evaluated the associations between accelerometer-estimated physical activity (PA) intensity and heart rate variability (HRV) and examined mediation of these associations by glycemic control indices and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods Data were from 1668 participants (X[Combining Overline]age = 45.9 ± 3.5 yr, 58.0% female, 39.9% black) who participated in year 20 (2005-2006) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Fitness Study. The ActiGraph 7164 estimated participants' mean minutes per day of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and light-intensity PA (LPA) over 7 d. Three sequential 10-s 12-lead ECG strips were used to derive standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of all successive RR intervals (rMSSD) HRV. Mediators representing glycemic control indices included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance, with other mediators being traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Multiple linear regression assessed independent associations of PA intensity with HRV per 1-SD. Mediation analyses computed the proportion of the PA-HRV association attributable to physiological mediators. Results Participants averaged 2.7 ± 6.2 min·d, 33.0 ± 22.0 min·d, and 360.2 ± 83.8 min·d of VPA, MPA, and LPA, respectively, with mean values for SDNN (32.6 ± 22.4 ms) and rMSSD (34.0 ± 24.8 ms) similar. After adjustment for demographic and lifestyle behaviors, VPA was associated with both HRV metrics (SDNN: std beta = 0.06 [0.03, 0.10]; rMSSD: std beta = 0.08 [0.05, 0.12]) and LPA with rMSSD only (std beta = 0.05 [0.01, 0.08]). Fasting insulin and glucose mediated 11.6% to 20.7% of the association of VPA and LPA with HRV, with triglycerides also potentially mediating these associations (range, 9.6%-13.4%). Conclusions Accelerometer-estimated VPA was associated with higher (i.e., improved) HRV. Light-intensity PA also demonstrated a positive association. Mediation analyses suggested these associations may be most attributable to glucose-insulin dynamics.
Critical condition and treatment in children with allergic diseases

The allergic diseases which are always affected respiratory, degestive, skin systems or mutiple organs in children are very popular. The critical condition in children with allergic diseases always include pediatric allergic shock, serious asthma, serious Henoch-Schonlein purpura, serious Steven Johnson sydrome caused by drug allergy, et al. The following is the review about the critical condition and treatment in children with allergic diseases. Key words: Allergy; Critical illness; Treatment; Children
Using Normative Data and Unilateral Hopping Tests to Reduce Ambiguity in Return-to-Play Decisions.

Context After a lower extremity injury, patients often return to sport (RTS) when the injured limb's performance on unilateral hopping tests is similar to that of the uninjured limb. However, the exact target symmetry value patients must reach before the RTS is unclear. Objective To identify variables that predict limb symmetry index (LSI) values on 6 unilateral hopping tests in healthy, physically active adults. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or other participants In total, 275 healthy, physically active adults, consisting of recreational athletes (n = 198), National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes (n = 56), and Army Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets (n = 21), volunteered to participate (143 men, 132 women, age = 20.16 ± 2.19 years, height = 172.66 ± 10.22 cm, weight = 72.64 ± 14.29 kg). Intervention(s) Each participant completed 3 speed (6-m crossover-hop, side-hop, figure-8 hop) and 3 distance (triple-crossover-hop, lateral-hop, medial-hop) functional performance tests on both limbs. Main outcome measure(s) Mean performance of the dominant and nondominant limbs and LSI values. Two multiple regression models were used to find variables that might help to predict a participant's LSI for each functional performance test. Results The models helped to predict limb symmetry for 10 of the 12 multiple regressions. Unilateral limb performance was the best predictor of LSI values, as it was statistically significant in 11 of the 12 regression models. Sex and body mass index were significant predictor variables for the side hop and figure-8 hop, respectively. Conclusions We found significant predictor variables that clinicians can use in the absence of baseline testing to determine patient-specific LSI values. Individualizing RTS decisions in this way may help to minimize subjectivity in the decision-making process and ensure a safe and timely return to competition.
Female-to-male to mistress: A layered account of layered performances:

Professionals in bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism (BDSM) have received minimal attention in the literature on sex work. Moreover, investigations of perform...
DEEPFAKES: A PRELIMINARY SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Deepfakes are becoming a key topic in debates around politics and misinformation on the internet today. While the phenomenon of deepfakes is relatively new with the first documented public appearances recorded in 2017, there is already a growing scholarly literature about deepfakes and the various methods that can be used to help understand and combat them. This paper presents a preliminary systematic review of the academic literature on deepfakes. We assessed a representative sample (N=1049) of sources from four popular electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Crossref, and Web of Science. We then coded those articles according to academic subject, theoretical approach, and theme.
Batch Culture Formulation of Live Biotherapeutic Products

Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that are clinically investigated for treating pathogenic infections and inflammatory diseases. A major class of LBPs are feces derived microbial consortiums which require numerous process development steps (e.g. separation, purification, blending) to facilitate LBP formulation into oral dosage forms. A subset of these LBPs circumvent the need for continuous fecal processing by batch culture for individual strains of microbes that are rationally defined and combined in the final LBP formulation. Separately, delivery formulations (e.g. polymer encapsulation) are being developed for LBPs to improve storage and intestinal engraftment; however, formulation requires additional manufacturing processes distinct from fecal processing or batch culture. Here, a streamlined approach termed batch culture formulation (BCF) is developed to combine the individual batch culture and formulation processes into a single-step process. Based on a previously described polymeric film formulation that encapsulates LBPs, BCF is shown to reduce the number of required processes to formulate LBP-films without altering LBP phenotype, function, or storage profiles compared to the standard LBP-film formulation approach. Additionally, it is demonstrated that BCF facilitates scaled-fabrication from the milligram to gram scale with predictable loading, highlighting the potential that BCF has for clinical translation.
Do schizotypy features predict cannabis problems in partnered community adults

Abstract Schizotypy and its associated features—negative schizotypy, disorganization, and positive schizotypy—are correlated with increased cannabis use. Yet, it is unclear whether cannabis users with schizotypy are at greater risk of developing cannabis problems. Individuals with elevated schizotypy may be particularly vulnerable to cannabis problems. It is important to understand this association given the unknown harms of chronic cannabis use. Data for these analyses were drawn from a larger investigation of cannabis use in adult romantic relationships. Participants were community adults (N = 366; M Age = 24.6, SD = 3.1) who reported regular use of cannabis. Participants completed baseline surveys measuring cannabis use frequency, problems, and schizotypy. Follow-up assessments of cannabis problems and frequency were completed 4-, 7- and 10-months post-baseline. Multiple regression was used to test the effect of schizotypy—measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B, Raine & Benishay, 1995)—on cannabis use problems controlling for 30-day cannabis use. At baseline, disorganization and positive schizotypy were associated with cannabis use, primarily for women. Results revealed that with cannabis use frequency in the model, the Disorganization subscale of the SPQ-B predicted cannabis problems at baseline and all 3 follow-up assessments. Results are consistent with research suggesting that those exhibiting odd behaviors report more problematic cannabis use. Future research may further this line of inquiry with a focus on longitudinal, reciprocal relationships among schizotypy features, cannabis use, and cannabis problems.
The influence of human crowding and store messiness on consumer purchase intention– the role of contamination and scarcity perceptions

Abstract The current research explores how store environmental cues – human crowding and store messiness influence consumer purchase intention across two product type (ingestible and non-ingestible). Importantly, the research also examines the mediating role of contamination perception on these effects. Specifically, for ingested products (e.g., eggs), crowded and messy store environments signal contamination and lead to decrease in purchase intention. However, for non-ingested products (e.g., dishwashing liquid), contamination inferences are observed for store messiness but not for human crowding. Further, role of perceived scarcity is examined which suggests that in ingestible product category perception of scarcity can mitigate the negative effect of contamination on purchase intention.
Direct Injection Concept as a Support of Engine Down-Sizing (2003-01-0541)

The paper presents the results of a down-sizing concept implicating gasoline direct injection, which is applied to a four-stroke four-valve SI engine with a displacement of 500 ccm per cylinder. The typical features of a down sized engine such as a high level of engine speed, high power density at low fuel consumption and a low level of pollutant emission form the main targets of this study. Numerical models of the process stages have been developed in 1D and 3D CFD codes. The accurateness of the models has been proved using experimental results. The main work consisted on the application of a direct injection system to the engine. The compact engine design and the high compression ratio have been maintained resulting in a combustion chamber design without any cavities or bowls. To obtain accurate results, the simulation work has been carried out using two different CFD-codes (FIRE and VECTIS); the results have been analyzed and compared. Following optimization parameters have been taken into account: injector and spark plug location, injection timing and duration as well as intake duct design. The optimization results in terms of mixture formation by direct injection and the combustion, are presented in the paper.
Toxicological Assessment of Hazardous Waste Samples Extracted with Deionized Water or Sodium Acetate (TCLP) Leaching Media

Sodium acetate and deionized water elutriates prepared from municipal and industrial waste products, and the sodium acetate leaching media per se, recommended by the EPA for the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), were bioassayed for their toxicity potential. The toxicity bioassay organisms included: algae, Selenastrum capricornutum; macroinvertebrates, Daphnia magna; lettuce seed root elongation, Lactuca sativa L.; and, bacteria (Microtox), Photobacterium phosphoreum. The pH 5.0 sodium acetate leaching media was highly toxic to each of the test organisms. Adjustment of the pH to 7.0 decreased toxicity approximately 2.5-fold for algae and lettuce, and 6-fold for D. magna. This reduction, while statistically significant, did not change the toxicity classification of the sodium acetate leaching media. Photobacterium phosphoreum was un-affected by pH 7 sodium acetate leaching media after 30-minutes exposure. Toxicity of the industrial waste TCLP elutriates to D. magna and S. capricornutum was similar to that obtained in the elutriates prepared with deionized water. The response of D. magna to the TCLP elutriates from sewage sludge (POTW #2), municipal ash #1 and #2, paint sludge #2, Midco volatile soil, and First Chemical Corp. indicated that these samples contained acetate soluble contaminants which were more toxic than the sodium acetate itself. Bioassays detected toxicity in either TCLP or deionized water eluted samples. Toxicity of water eluted samples can be attributed to materials leached from the waste. Toxicity of the TCLP eluted samples is problematic due to uncertainty of the amount of toxicity attributable to the leaching media itself vs. the materials leached from the wastes.
Aspects of Photosynthetic Plant Tissue Cultures

In the past 25 years scientists have made increasing use of plant tissue culture as a tool for studying many aspects of physiology, genetics, and development. Comparative studies have repeatedly shown both similarities and differences between cultured cells and the intact plant. Even in the cases where important differences are discovered, however, information obtained has contributed to our understanding of plant processes.
Composition and Subunit Structure of Histidinol Dehydrogenase from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract The amino acid composition of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 histidinol dehydrogenase is reported in detail. Several independent lines of evidence from peptide mapping, physical characterization, and end group analysis suggest that the enzyme is a dimer of two identical or very similar, indivisible, subunits, despite the existence of two complementation regions in the gene, hisD, coding for this enzyme.
MICROMORPHOLOGY OF DERMATOPHILUS CONGOLENSIS

Gordon, Morris A. (Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany), and Mercedes R. Edwards. Micromorphology of Dermatophilus congolensis . J. Bacteriol. 86: 1101–1115. 1963.—As seen in electron micrographs of thin sections, Dermatophilus congolensis is a holocarpic actinomycete that fragments, after formation of septa in several planes, into Sarcina -like packets and then into individual cocci. Release of coccal forms from the filaments and packets is by dissolution of a capsular matrix, which is a product of degradation of the cell wall. The plasmalemma is a “unit membrane.” Regularly occurring plasmalemmosomes (“onion bodies”) of uniform structure are apparently related to septum formation. A typical bacterial nucleoid is seen in most sections, and ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Specimens for electron microscopy were prepared by a modification of Kellenberger9s method. Images
Heroes and Villains: The Relationship between Pitch Tessitura and Sociability of Operatic Characters

ABSTRACT: Research in speech prosody and ethology suggests that pitch height indexes positive and negative social affects. For example, higher pitched voices are used to convey friendliness, whereas lower pitched voices are used to convey aggression (Bolinger, 1964). Research concerning animal calls suggests that this association generalizes to many species. In a study of the calls for 56 species, Morton (1977, 1994) proposed a sound-size model in which large size (and low pitch) is associated with aggression, whereas small size (and high pitch) is associated with friendliness, fear, or appeasement. We examine whether this association can be observed in music. Specifically, the results of three studies are reported in which the pitch-height of various voices is related to estimates of the sociability of the corresponding operatic characters. Results are consistent with lower-pitched voices being associated with less sociable characters, and higher-pitched voices being associated with more sociable characters. In addition, older male characters tend to exhibit lower-pitched voices, consistent with known physiological changes (Linville, 2004; Reubold, Harrington & Kleber, 2010).
Synchronous bilateral breast carcinomas with divergent radiographic presentations: Radiologic–pathologic correlation of invasive mucinous and ductal carcinomas

Abstract The differential diagnosis of well-circumscribed breast masses on imaging includes mostly benign tumors. A potential pitfall in diagnostic breast imaging is that 10–20% of malignancies appear as lesions with benign imaging characteristics. This report presents a case of synchronous bilateral breast masses, one of which demonstrated benign imaging characteristics (well circumscribed) and the second of which demonstrated suspicious imaging characteristics (spiculated and indistinct). After radiologic–pathologic correlation, it was found that the well-circumscribed mass of the right breast was an invasive mucinous carcinoma, and the spiculated indistinct mass of the left breast was an invasive ductal carcinoma. This highlights a possible hazard of diagnostic imaging in the setting of benign-appearing lesions, and underscores the importance of radiographic–pathologic correlation in the evaluation of breast masses.
Identity centrality and in-group superiority differentially predict reactions to historical victimization and harm doing

Two U.S. studies report a differential effect of identity centrality and in-group superiority on reactions to in-group victimization and in-group harm-doing. Study 1 (N = 80) found that higher identity centrality predicted less justification for freely-recalled in-group victim events, whereas higher in-group superiority predicted more justification for freely-recalled in-group harm-doing events. Study 2 (N = 105) reexamined these findings in specific contexts of historical victimization (Pearl Harbor) and harm-doing (Hiroshima and Nagasaki), finding that in-group superiority was a predictor of reactions to historical in-group harm-doing (justification, emotional reactions, importance of events), whereas centrality was a predictor of reactions to historical in-group victimization.
Spectral analysis of complex-source pulsed beams: comment

It is shown that the continuation of the coordinates of a source to complex values is not unique under the so-called spectral theory of transients.
Ordering Iraq: Reflections on Power, Discourse, & Neocolonialism

Several years into the occupation of Iraq, there remain questions as to that nation’s relative sovereignty. Given the degree of political, economic, and military control by the US government, numerous commentators characterize Iraq as a neocolonial state. Indeed, the design for nation-building has been firmly established by external rather than internal forces; those developments invite closer scrutiny into the nature of power in a post-9/11 world. Accordingly, this critique sets out to explore the conceptual underpinnings of neocolonialism by turning critical attention to discourse and biopower shaping the reconstruction of Iraq. The analysis similarly attends to state crime, especially controversial economic tactics banned under international and federal laws. So as to contextualize those violations within a broader social and legal framework, the discussion considers the significance of states of exception and institutionalized impunity. Foucault’s writings figure prominently among these reflections on order, governmentality, and power. Nonetheless, in an effort to contribute to a wider theoretical agenda for critical criminology, the article also draws on other interdisciplinary sources, including Agamben (State of exception, 2005), Gregory (The colonial present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq, 2004) and Hardt and Negri (Empire, 2001; Multitude: War and democracy in the age of empire, 2004).
Lyapunov–type numbers for Poincaré maps

In (3) we have addressed computational issues related to Lyapunov{ type numbers for invariant curves of planar maps. These numbers are important for understanding persistence and breakdown of the invariant curves when the map is perturbed. The purpose of this paper is to apply the results of (3) to Poincare maps of systems of ODEs depending on a parameter and to address numerical issues
Study of self-stopping PDMOSA and performance measure in multiobjective optimization

The paper presents improvements in simulated annealing based multiobjective algorithms and the modifications in the metrics methods used for the performance measure in multiobjective optimization. Simulated annealing (SA) based multiobjective algorithms have been made self-stopping as they do not require a total number of iterations. The performance metrics have been improved such that they can be used for the performance measure of a multiobjective algorithm and two multiobjective algorithms without a known true Pareto set. Pareto dominant based multiobjective simulated annealing with self-stopping criterion (PDMOSA-I) has been compared with existing Suppapitnarm multiobjective simulated annealing (SMOSA) in detail. The computational cost with PDMOSA-I is less than that with SMOSA. With the help of metrics methods, it has been found that the quality, extent and diversification of a Pareto set of solutions produced by PDMOSA-I is better than that produced by SMOSA.
Upper Limit on X-rays from a New Supernova

Young Virgo cluster supernova X ray to optical luminosity ratio upper limit from Mt. Palomar Schmidt telescope and Aerobee rocket observations
Phosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain by a Protease‐Activated Kinase from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle

A protease-activated protein kinase that phosphorylates the P light chain of myosin in the absence of Ca2+ and calmodulin has been isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The enzyme has properties similar to protease-activated kinase I from rabbit reticulocytes [S. M. Tahara and J. A. Traugh (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11588–11564], which has been shown to phosphorylate the P light chain of myosin [P. T. Tuazon, J. T.Stull, and J. A. Traugh (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 108, 910–917]. The protease-activated kinase from skeletal muscle has been partially purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and hydroxyapatite. The enzyme phosphorylates histone as well as the P light chain of myosin following activation by proteolysis. Stoichiometric phosphorylation of myosin light chain was observed with the protease-activated kinase and myosin light chain kinase. The sites phosphorylated by the protease-activated kinase and myosin light chain kinase were examined by two-dimensional peptide mapping following chymotryptic digestion. The phosphopeptides observed with the protease-activated kinase were different from those obtained with the Ca2+ -dependent myosin light chain kinase, indicating that the two enzymes phosphorylated different sites on the P light chain of skeletal muscle myosin. When actomyosin from skeletal muscle was examined as substrate, the P light chain was phosphorylated following activation of the protease-activated kinase by limited proteolysis.
Emergency department evaluation of chest pain using exercise stress echocardiography.

OBJECTIVE Patients with a low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain pose a diagnostic dilemma because a small percentage will suffer an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden death. The authors conducted this study to determine whether exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) could be used to further support the safe discharge of these low-risk patients. METHODS A convenience sample of patients > or =30 years of age without a prior cardiac history who presented to an academic community hospital with chest pain, normal initial creatine kinase, and electrocardiography without ischemic changes underwent ESE within 6 +/- 1.7 hours (mean +/- SD). Abnormal ESE was defined as regional wall motion abnormality at rest or after exercise. The ED disposition and three- and six-month follow-up for cardiac events were recorded. This was a prospective observational cohort study. RESULTS Of a total of 149 eligible patients, 145 completed the study. The mean age (+/-SD) was 47 +/- 9 years; 56% were male. No adverse events were noted during ESE. Seven patients (5%) had abnormal ESE (2 with rest wall motion abnormalities and 5 with exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities). Five of the seven underwent cardiac catheterization; three had CAD. All patients received telephone follow-up at three months and six months. Of the 138 patients with a normal ESE, all were free of cardiac events at three months. One patient had a non-Q-wave MI at six months (negative predictive value = 99.3%, 95% CI = 97.8% to 100%). CONCLUSIONS Exercise stress echocardiography can be used to evaluate low-risk chest pain patients in the ED. Patients with a normal ESE may be considered for discharge with minimal risk of sequelae.
Probing the IGM–galaxy connection at z > 0.5 – II. New insights into the galaxy environments of O vi absorbers in PKS 0405−123

We present new absorption-line analysis and new galaxy survey data obtained for the field around PKS0405-123 at z=0.57. Combining previously known OVI absorbers with new identifications in the higher S/N UV spectra obtained with COS, we have established a sample of 7 OVI absorbers and 12 individual components at z=0.0918-0.495 along the sightline toward PKS0405-123. We complement the available UV absorption spectra with galaxy survey data that reach 100% completeness at projected distances rho 0.04L* at rho 0.3L* at rho 13.6 and no detectable OVI absorption features. The Lya-only absorbers serve as a control sample in seeking the discriminating galactic features that result in the observed OVI absorbing gas at large galactic radii. We find a clear distinction in the radial profiles of mean galaxy surface brightness around different absorbers. Specifically, OVI absorbers are found to reside in regions of higher mean surface brightness at rho<500 kpc (+5 mag Mpc^-2 relative to the background), while only a mild increase in galaxy surface brightness is seen at small rho around Lya-only absorbers (+2 mag Mpc^-2). The additional insights gained from our deep galaxy survey demonstrates the need to probe to low luminosities to better understand absorbing systems.
Tracheal agenesis with diaphragmatic hernia.

A case is presented of a newborn infant with Type III tracheal agenesis and a right dia-phragmatic hernia which represents the first report of this occurrence. Associated multi-organ anomalies and possible embryologic relationships are discussed.
Interfacial Strain Energy Dissipation in Hybrid Nanocomposite Beams Under Axial Strain Fields

A micromechanics and structural dynamics analysis of inherent damping exhibited by representative hybrid nanocomposite beams under axial strains is presented. The approximate model is used to assess the potential aeroelastic/aeromechanical stability enhancement of helicopter rotor blades from carbon nanotube matrix inclusions. The matrix/nanoinclusion micromechanics before the occurrence of interfacial slip are based on the Cox model for discontinuous fiber reinforcement, and the frictional energy dissipation is assumed to be proportional to the interfacial shear force where slip has occurred. The validity of the model is established by comparing with experimental measurements of storage and loss moduli for a polymer nanocomposite. The relatively simple model captures the salient features of nanocomposite interfacial slip energy dissipation once uncertainties in fiber orientation and dispersion are accounted for in an approximate manner by using an effective volume fraction. The validated model is then us...
TGFβ2 DISTRIBUTION IN AQUEOUS AND FAT COMPARTMENTS OF HUMAN MILK. 494

Human milk contains transforming growth factor-beta isoforms(TGFβ1 and β2). TGFβ affects growth and differentiation of neonatal intestinal epithelia, and modulates restitution of the gut epithilium following injury. A differential distribution of some bioactive factors in milk fat and aqueous fractions has been shown, which could affect bioavailability. It is unknown if TGF-β2 shares similar distribution properties. We sought to determine if there is a differential concentration of TGFβ2 in human milk aqueous and fat compartments. Eighteen milk samples were collected from 15 lactating mothers on postpartum day 2 to 27; gestational age of their infants at delivery ranged from 24 to 40 weeks. Whole milk was centrifuged at 2500g × 20 min at 4°C to achieve separation and isolation of its fat, aqueous and cellular components. Sodium taurcholate(STC) was added to the fat for emulsion. The concentration of acid-activated TGFβ2 in the aqueous and fat components of human milk was measured by ELISA (RD sensitivity 55 pg/ml sample; cross-reactivity with other TGFβ species/receptors is not significant; standard curve unaffected by STC). TGFβ2 was detected in all aqueous samples (6214 ± 5083 pg/mL; range 1619 to 20686); and all fat samples (6987 ± 5344 pg/mL; range 1736 to 20576). Similac Special Care formula and Enfamil Premature formula, also tested, did not have detectable levels of TGFβ2. In conclusion TGFβ2 is found in high concentrations in both the aqueous and fat compartments of human milk. These findings may be of significance for differential distribution and bioavailability of TGFβ2 in the newborn gut. Results of this study are important to future research, as fat is often discarded during human milk investigations.
The influence on Congress by the thrift industry

Abstract The investigation of the influential role of the thrift industry on Congress as demonstrated by voting behavior on regulatory policy changes in the eighties is the focus of this study. Specifically, we search for the degree to which the inadequately capitalized component of the thrift industry has ‘captured’ the House of Representatives. We examine the influence on Congress by the thrift industry using the votes by the House of Representatives associated with three different legislative acts (the Garn-St Germain Act, the Competitive Equality Banking Act and the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act) addressing the thrift crisis. Using a multi-chotomous voting model we identify traditional public choice variables that could influence the probability of voting for legislation. To capture the variation of the thrifts' interests, we consider a series of financial variables motivated by the thrift literature of failure prediction models. These variables allow us to investigate the influences from the health of the congressional district's thrifts, their asset composition characteristics, and their reliance on regulatory forbearance.
C P -invariance violation at short-baseline experiments in 3 + 1 neutrino scenarios

New neutrino degrees of freedom allow for more sources of charge parity- ($CP$) invariance violation (CPV). We explore the requirements for accessing $CP$-odd mixing parameters in the so-called $3+1$ scenario, where one assumes the existence of one extra, mostly sterile neutrino degree of freedom, heavier than the other three mass eigenstates. As a first step, we concentrate on the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ appearance channel in a hypothetical, upgraded version of the $\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{STORM}$ proposal. We establish that the optimal baseline for CPV studies depends strongly on the value of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{m}_{14}^{2}$---the new mass-squared difference---and that the ability to observe CPV depends significantly on whether the experiment is performed at the optimal baseline. Even at the optimal baseline, it is very challenging to see CPV in $3+1$ scenarios if one considers only one appearance channel. Full exploration of CPV in short-baseline experiments will require precision measurements of tau appearance, a challenge significantly beyond what is currently being explored by the experimental neutrino community.
Tailoring graphene with metals on top

We study the effects of metallic doping on the electronic properties of graphene using density functional theory in the local density approximation in the presence of a local charging energy. The electronic properties are sensitive to whether graphene is doped with alkali or transition metals. We estimate the charge transfer from a single layer of potassium on top of graphene in terms of the local charging energy of the graphene sheet. The coating of graphene with a nonmagnetic layer of palladium, on the other hand, can lead to a magnetic instability in coated graphene due to the hybridization between the transition metal and the carbon orbitals.
Dye-concentrated organically modified silica nanoparticles as a ratiometric fluorescent pH probe by one- and two-photon excitation

Basic dye-concentrated nanoparticles (∼ 33 nm in diameter) show fluorescence-based ratiometric pH response, by one- and two-photon excitations, with improved proton sensing ability (pKa ∼ 6.4) through nanoscopic intraparticle energy transfer.
GENESYS: A framework for designer guided evolutionary search for high performance products

Abstract Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have been demonstrated to be powerful generic tools for product design. However, they possess problems in convergence, sensitivity to internal parameters, which diminish their efficiency. In this work, we have developed an interactive evolutionary system called GENESYS, aimed at overcoming some of these problems. In GENESYS, these problems are alleviated by allowing the designer to interact with the system, continuously monitoring its progress and providing feed back on different aspects of the search. These vary from actually editing intermediate solutions to modification of objectives and internal parameters. The architecture of GENESYS and its different features are discussed in this paper.
Separate influences of birth order and gravidity/parity on the development of systemic sclerosis

Objective Birth order has been valuable in revealing the role of environmental influences on the risk of developing certain diseases such as allergy and atopy. In addition, pregnancy has profound effects on the immune system such as short-term effects that permit fetal survival as well as longer-term effects that could influence late-onset diseases. In order to better evaluate these influences, we studied the association of birth order and gravidity/parity as risk factors for systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Methods Data regarding SSc cases and their unaffected sibling controls were obtained from the Scleroderma Family Registry and DNA Repository. The case-sibling design was used to minimize confounding due to differences in age, race, ethnicity, or calendar time. The gravidity/parity analysis was based on sibships with at least one SSc-affected and one unaffected sister. Results Birth order was examined in 974 sibships, comparing SSc cases (n = 987) with their unaffected siblings (n = 3,088). The risk of scleroderma increased with increasing birth order (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06–1.50 for birth order 2–5; OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.57–3.15 for birth order 6–9; and OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.68–7.45 for birth order 10–15). Gravidity/parity was analyzed in 168 sibships (256 unaffected sisters, 172 SSc cases). We found an association between a history of one or more pregnancies and SSc (OR 2.8). Conclusion Birth order and pregnancy were independently associated with a higher risk of developing SSc. These findings suggest that immune development in early childhood and/or pregnancy-associated events, including but not limited to microchimerism, plays a role in SSc susceptibility.
The Channel Tunnel...

WILL you allow me to correct an unfortunate slip of the pen in my article on “The Silver Streak and the Channel Tunnel” in the current number of the Contemporary Review? The rate of the progress of the French Channel Tunnel from the little village of Sangatte towards the English shores was, in November last, 18 yards per day and not “per week.” At the present time the Beaumont and English boring machine is cutting the 7-foot driftway at the rate of more than 20 metres per day, and has not arrived at the limit of its capacity.
Neutron activation analysis of core and drill cutting samples from geothermal well drilling

Samples of sandstones and shales were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis for a total of 30 elements. Three irradiation and five counting periods wer employed. Solutions and National Bureau of Standards Reference Materials wer used for comparison. The samples were obtained from drill cuttings (with a few core samples) from drillings in the Salton Sea geothermal field of California. These determinations form part of a major study to elemental variation as a function of mineral variation as depth and temperature in the well vary. The overall goal is to examine mineral alteration and/or element migration under typical geothermal conditions. The techniques involve typical compromises between maximizing precision for individual element determinations and the amount of time and effort that can be expended, as it is desired to examine large numbers of samples. With the limitations imposed by the reactor flux ailable at the U. C. Irvine TRIGA reactor, the detectors available, and time factors, most precisions are acceptable for geological comparison purposes. Some additional measurements wer made by delayed-neutron counting methods to compare with uranium determinations made by conventional instrumental neutron activation analysis methods.
Model of Song Selectivity and Sequence Generation in Area HVc of the Songbird

In songbirds, nucleus HVc plays a key role in the generation of the syllable sequences that make up a song. Auditory responses of neurons in HVc are selective for single syllables and for combinati...
OXIDATION OF REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE BY SUBCELLULAR PARTICLES FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.

Abstract 1. 1. Cell-free extracts of the H 37 Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contain a particulate NADH 2 oxidase. The particles have been separated according to size by differential ultracentrifugation. The NADH 2 oxidase specific activity and the cytochrome composition of these particles are the same in all these particles which range from 200 A in diameter to 2000 A in diameter. We conclude that the range in particle size is due to the preparative method employed rather than to any minimal repetitive particle size. 2. 2. One cytochrome each of the a , b and c groups is present, along with flavin, iron and copper, in these particles. The NADH 2 oxidase is unaffected by cyanide. The cytochrome c is quite similar to mammalian cytochrome c 1 . 3. 3. The non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 activates the NADH 2 oxidase activity of these particles. Much of the flavin and protein associated with the particle is removed by this treatment but the cytochrome ratio remains unchanged. We interpret this in terms of a partial “opening” phenomenon. 4. 4. The NADH 2 oxidase particles do not catalyze the oxidation of NADPH 2 , succinate, α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate or β-hydroxybutyrate. Oxygen, indophenol or tetrazolium salts can serve as electron acceptor during the oxidation of NADH 2 .