cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Non-Symmetrical Swirling Jet as an Example of a Completely Described Assessment Experiment

The standard of a completely described experiment for CFD validation is demonstrated by using experimental and numerical models of swirling jets as an example. The experiment is designed to contain relevant physics (e.g. swirl) but without regard for generality or direct scaling to realistic geometries. Also, the design allows for direct measurement of the inflow (mean and statistics). The swirling jets experience vortex breakdown, have non-symmetric inlet profiles, and have Reynolds numbers of 3650, 2560, and 550 with Rossby numbers of 0.63, 0.59, and 0.73 respectively. The two larger Re cases resulted in turbulent flow inside the jet conduit upstream. All of the jets became turbulent rapidly after leaving the exit. It is demonstrated that the numerical simulations will provide more accurate results when the inlet conditions of these non-symmetric swirling jets are fully described.© 2009 ASME
Comparison of Various Techniques in the Reconstruction of Mohs Chin Defects

Introduction:Defects of the chin after Mohs resection of skin cancer are relatively uncommon yet technically challenging. This is due in part from the numerous topographic features and multiple soft-tissue components such as the underlying muscle layers, the well-defined submental crease, and the bony gonion, all of which contribute to the intricacy of the reconstruction. We review our results over an 11-year period to assess the most commonly used closure techniques and to provide a simplified algorithm for closure of chin defects.Materials and Methods:Retrospective chart review. Approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center for this retrospective medical chart review. All patients undergoing reconstruction of chin defects by the senior author (J.T.) following Mohs excisional chemosurgery from 2005–2013 were included. Pre- and postoperative photographs were reviewed in addition to defect size, location, operative technique, and postoperativ...
Research on Applications of Q420 High-strength Steel in UHV Transmission Projects

The researches of design technology of Q420 high-strength steel in transmission line projects,welding and heat processing,as well as technical preparation,implementing pilot project,researches on angle steel manufacturing,etc.are introduced,providing technical support for application of Q420 in UHV projects.
Cross-Language Microblog Retrieval using Latent Semantic Modeling

Microblogging has become one of the major tools of sharing real-time information for people around the world. Finding relevant information across different languages on microblogs is highly desirable especially for the large number of multilingual users. However, the characteristics of microblog content pose great challenges to the existing cross-language information retrieval approaches. In this paper, we address the task of retrieving relevant tweets given another tweet in a different language. We build parallel corpora for tweets in different languages by bridging them via shared hashtags. We propose a latent semantic approach to model the parallel corpora by mapping the parallel tweets to a low-dimensional shared semantic space. The relevance between tweets in different languages is measured in this shared latent space and the model is trained on a pairwise loss function. The preliminary experiments on a Twitter dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Line Segment-Based Stitched Multipanel Figure Separation for Effective Biomedical CBIR

We present a novel technique to separate panels from stitched multipanel figures appearing in biomedical research articles. Since such figures may comprise images from different imaging modalities, separating them is a crucial first step for effective biomedical content-based image retrieval (CBIR): multimodal biomedical document classification and/or retrieval, for instance. The method applies local line segment detection based on the gray-level pixel changes. It then applies a line vectorization process that connects prominent broken lines along the panel boundaries while eliminating insignificant line segments within the panels. We validated our fully automatic technique on a set of stitched multipanel biomedical figures extracted from articles within the Open Access subset of PubMed Central® repository, and achieved precision and recall of 87.16% and 83.51%, respectively, in less than 0.461s per image, on average. We also reported the recent ImageCLEF 2015 competition results that highlight the useful...
Factors and characteristics of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter emissions from two manure-belt layer hen houses

Abstract Manure-belt layer hen houses are a relatively newer design and are replacing the old high-rise layer hen houses for egg production in USA. However, reliable aerial pollutant emission data from comprehensive and long-term on-farm monitoring at manure-belt houses are scarce. This paper reports the emission factors and characteristics of ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and particulate matter (PM 10 ) from two 250,000-bird capacity manure-belt layer hen houses (B-A and B-B) in northern Indiana, USA. The 2-year continuous field monitoring followed the Quality Assurance Project Plan of the National Air Emission Monitoring Study (NAEMS). Only days with more than 18 h (or 75%) of valid data were reported to avoid biased emission calculation. The results of 2-year average daily mean (ADM) gas emissions per hen from the two houses, excluding emissions from their manure shed, were 0.280 g for NH 3 , 1.952 mg for H 2 S, and 103.2 g for CO 2 . They were 67% lower for NH 3 , 77% higher for H 2 S, and 10% higher for CO 2 compared with reported emissions from high-rise layer hen houses. Emissions of NH 3 and CO 2 exhibited evident seasonal variations. They were higher in winter than in summer and followed the NH 3 and CO 2 concentration seasonal patterns. Annual emission differences were observed for all the four pollutants. Reduced emissions of the three gases were shown during periods of layer hen molting and flock replacement. The 2-year ADM PM 10 emission from B-B was 25.2 mg d −1 hen −1 . A unique weekly PM 10 emission pattern was identified for both houses. It was characterized with much lower Sunday emissions compared with the other single-day emissions of the week and was related to the weekly schedule of in-house production operations, including maintenance and cleaning.
Embedded Technology: Current and Future Practices for Increasing Accessibility for All Students:

This article highlights the technological solutions available for increasing the accessibility of educational materials for students with disabilities. Special attention is paid to design features ...
Proper depth placement of oral endotracheal tubes in adults prior to radiographic confirmation.

Objective: To determine whether a certain distance measurement on the oral endotracheal tube (ETT) at the corner of the mouth could reasonably ensure proper depth of placement in critically ill patients, without the immediate need for a confirming chest x-ray (CXR). Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional design was used to compare ETT mark distance and radiographic location of the ETT tip. The measurement marking on the ETT at the level of the corner of the mouth was noted at the time of intubation. The relationship of the tip of the ETT to the tracheal carina on the postintubation CXR was then determined. The ETT placement was deemed correct if the tip was at least 2 cm cephalad to the carina on the CXR. Results: Of 83 intubated patients assessed, 52 were men and 31 women. The mean measurement on the ETT at the corner of the mouth was 22.2 cm for the women and 23.1 cm for the men. The mean distance from the tip of the ETT to the carina was 3.45 cm for the women and 4.13 cm for the men. Seventy-five of the 83 patients (90.4%; 95% CI 81.9–95.7%) had correct ETT positions on the initial CXR. If the ETT position had been adjusted at the corner of the mouth to 21 cm for the women and 23 cm for the men, the ETT would have been in correct position for 81 of the 83 patients (97.6%; 95% CI 89.6–99.7%). This represents a significant improvement in tube placement (p < 0.025; the McNemar chi-square). Conclusion: Proper depth of ETT placement in the critically ill adult patient can be estimated by the technique of this study. In this adult patient population, corner-of-the-mouth placement of the ETT using the 21-cm tube mark for the women and the 23-cm mark for the men would have led to proper placement for most patients.
The contribution of the German organization “Evangelisches Jugend- und Fürsorgewerk” in addressing immigration issues

Abstract During its more than a hundred and twenty-year history, the German organization “Evangelisches Jugend- und Fursorgewerk” has always devoted its Christian support to people in need. Today, its activities focus mainly on the area of inclusive nursery education, comprehensive assistance to children and youth in need, assistance to adults with disabilities, housing and related services for the elderly, and counselling for different target groups. In recent years, it has been a major contributor to the migration crisis management in Germany, particularly in Berlin. The theological and philosophical basis of all its activities is the love for God, manifested as a love for a particular suffering person. The activeness of the organization derives from the well-known Protestant work ethic. In German society, it advocates a position that grants legal and legally living immigrants the right to freely decide on the possibility of retaining the most diverse ties to their original communities. For the various phases of the integration of immigrants into a free democratic society, the organization is developing a number of diverse projects. Part of this paper is a brief description of good practice examples. The first, indicative phase, deals with the Georg-Kriedte-Haus project, which provides accommodation and the necessary stabilization for immigrants. The orientation phase is represented by the Deutsch-Arabisches Zentrum fur Bildung und Integration a counselling and education facility. The Familienzentrum Bisamkiez, located in a panel housing estate in Potsdam, inhabited by several dozen people of different nationalities, best points out the wide range of activities characteristic of the third, integration phase. The aim of this contribution is to motivate university students in the humanity study programmes to gain personal experience from abroad for the future effective solution of immigration problems in the Czech Republic.
Biopower, Body Commodification, and Defiance of Neoliberal Logic in Impuesto a la Carne by Diamela Eltit / Biopoder, mercantilización del cuerpo y desafío a la lógica neoliberal en Impuesto a la carne de Damiela Eltit

This article analyses the novel Impuesto a la carne (2010) by Diamela Eltit and favors a reading that focuses on the past forty years of Chile’s history. Drawing on recent biopolitical concepts by Foucault and Agamben, this article demonstrates how the hospital setting in Eltit’s novel allows her to embody neoliberalism and account for the usually invisible bodily experiences of racialized and gendered patients/citizens, while simultaneously showing that the neoliberal model, in its quest for continuous expansion, is now colonizing the inner spaces of the corporeal body. This article also briefly shows that through her writing of the maternal body, Eltit highlights its potential for resistance and for meaningful connections to other human beings. Her novel thus calls for the emergence of a renewed type of activism that brings together marginalized communities to denounce the embodied nature of social injustice created and reinforced through neoliberalism and to potentially attain the social equality that democracy was supposed to deliver. Este articulo propone un analisis de la novela Impuesto a la carne (2010) de Diamela Eltit. Basandose en parte en conceptos de biopoder propuestos por Foucault, se demuestra como el marco del hospital donde el sufrimiento extremo y el abuso prolongado infligido sobre los cuerpos posiblemente indigenas de la narradora y su madre, le permite a Eltit remitir a la version silenciada de la historia de Chile y especialmente a su reciente pasado totalitario. Eltit expone como el modelo neoliberal vigente es dependiente de los cuerpos humanos para funcionar, y denuncia algunos de los procesos usados por el estado-mercado para excluir, explotar y beneficiarse de lo que considera cuerpos marginados. Este articulo revela tambien como, en su escritura, Eltit recalca el poder de resistencia del cuerpo materno y su potencial para crear conexiones significativas entre seres humanos. En este sentido, la novela anuncia la emergencia de un tipo renovado de activismo que une a las comunidades marginalizadas para denunciar la naturaleza corporalizada de las injusticias sociales creadas y reinforzadas por el sistema neoliberal.
Cognitive Modeling of Remote-manual and Voice Controls for In-vehicle Human-automation Systems

Although there are a substantial number of human-subject studies that have been evaluated multimodal interactions used in in-vehicle human-automation systems, few modeling studies have been conducted using computational cognitive architectures. This report introduces a computational model to predict task completion time and workload when two human-automation interaction methods (i.e., remote-manual and voice controls) were used. The model was evaluated with 35 human subjects' data for an in-vehicle task to adjust the comfort level of a particular area of the driver seat.
Diffuse optical tomography for noninvasive functional brain imaging in awake behaving humans

We present a high density diffuse optical tomography (wHD-DOT) system capable of mapping hemodynamics in awake behaving humans. The key to this system is an array of fiber-free light source/detector pairs covering the frontal head, obtaining optical data for three-dimensional (3-D) DOT image reconstruction. Both phantom and in vivo human subject experiments were conducted to validate the wHD-DOT system.
Financial Burden of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Time-driven Activity-based Cost Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective To utilize Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to quantify costs of managing recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) in women. Methods RUTI was defined as ≥2 UTIs in 6 months or ≥3 UTIs in 12 months. A care-delivery value chain outlined RUTI management (visits, urine studies, and imaging) for acute UTI followed by a form of long-term prevention. Prevention strategies included conservative therapy (Cranberry tablets, d -mannose, or lactobacillus); Estrogen therapy if postmenopausal; Antibiotic use (self-start, postcoital, or continuous regimens); or intravenous antibiotics in case of drug-resistance or intolerance. Costs of each resource were largely obtained from the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, GoodRx and local pharmacy pricing, and institutional expenses. The capacity cost rate was defined as cost of resources per minute of care. Individual costs were summed to estimate overall expense of initial RUTI workup and annual cost for each long-term prevention strategy. Results Cost of acute RUTI workup ranged from $390 to $730. Acute antibiotics cost ranged from $10 for oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to $3970 for intravenous Ertapenem. Annually, mean cost of conservative therapy ranged from $50 for d -mannose to $1290 for vaginal estradiol ring, and antibiotic use for self-start $40, postcoital $60, and continuous $190. Capacity cost rate ranged from $0.003/min for urine culture to $80/min for estrogen ring. Conclusion Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing, costs of RUTI management were efficiently determined. This offers new perspectives for patient counseling and long-term decision making.
Bacterial infection is not necessary for lethal necrotizing pancreatitis in mice.

Sepsis is the most comon cause of late death in pancreatitis. The presence of early bacterial infection has been correlated with the severity of the disease. A choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet given to young female mice produces severe necrotizing pancreatitis that has morphologic and biochemical similarities to the human disease. We therefore searched for bacterial pancreatic infection in female CD-1 mice given the CDE diet. The mortality rate was 47.5% in mice fed the CDE diet. All of these mice had severe pancreatitis with inflammation, edema, and necrosis on histologic examination. Bacterial infection was present in 1/12 pancreatica among nonsurvivors and in 1/32 pancreatica in surviving animals (p not significant). Histologic examination showed edema to be more pronouced in surviving mice, although the overall seventy of morphologic changes was not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors. We conclude that bacterial infection is not a determinant of the severity or lethality of experimental pancreatitis induced by the CDE diet.
La "Fiesta Internacional" iniciada por la Reina Isabel de Aragón

Franciscan chroniclers and tradition state that Isabel of Aragon established the Holy Ghost feast in Alenquer, Portugal, in the Middle Ages. The feast became widespread in Portugal to the seventeenth century, but toda y only Tomar celebrates a modified version of it. Fifteenth-century Portuguese maritime expansion brought the feast to the Azores. Azoreans later extended the feast during the last three centuries to Brazil, the United States of America, Canada, and Bermuda, where it was modified beca use of geographic, social, economic, and cultural factors. lndigenous elements (flag of the adopted nation, military and social organizations non-existent in Portugal) take part in this most popular Portuguese festival in North America.
Manometric Assessment of the Esophagus

The methods for manometric evaluation of esophageal motor function have become much more sophisticated in the last decade. The advent of high-resolution manometry allows us for the first time to view esophageal motor function as a complete spatial and temporal continuum from the pharynx to the stomach. It makes the study more comfortable for the patient, more easily and reliably done by the nurse or technician, and more easily interpreted by the clinician. This chapter provides an introduction to high-resolution manometry, identifies what manometry measures, explains manometry equipment and describes how esophageal manometry is done. It reveals the color topographic patterns seen with normal and abnormal esophageal motor function.
Informing a Risk Prediction Model for Binary Outcomes with External Coefficient Information.

We consider a situation where there is rich historical data available for the coefficients and their standard errors in an established regression model describing the association between a binary outcome variable Y and a set of predicting factors X, from a large study. We would like to utilize this summary information for improving estimation and prediction in an expanded model of interest, Y| X, B. The additional variable B is a new biomarker, measured on a small number of subjects in a new dataset. We develop and evaluate several approaches for translating the external information into constraints on regression coefficients in a logistic regression model of Y| X, B. Borrowing from the measurement error literature we establish an approximate relationship between the regression coefficients in the models Pr(Y = 1| X , β), Pr(Y = 1| X, B, γ) and E(B| X, θ ) for a Gaussian distribution of B. For binary B we propose an alternate expression. The simulation results comparing these methods indicate that historical information on Pr(Y = 1| X , β) can improve the efficiency of estimation and enhance the predictive power in the regression model of interest Pr(Y = 1| X, B, γ). We illustrate our methodology by enhancing the High-grade Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator, with two new biomarkers prostate cancer antigen 3 and TMPRSS2:ERG.
A dual blocker of endothelin A/B receptors mitigates hypertension but not renal dysfunction in a rat model of chronic kidney disease and sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal collapse during sleep, resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH), and is associated with a high incidence of hypertension a...
An Authoritative Statement of Administration Action: A Useful Political Invention or a Violation of the Separation of Powers Doctrine?

Many scholars have argued the merits of Congress creating statutory regimes that stipulate how a court should interpret statutes. Despite the voluminous legal scholarship relating to such regimes, there is a dearth of concrete examples. This article presents a concrete example found in the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA), the federal statute that implemented the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements into U.S. law. The article argues that this statutory regime clearly violates the constitutional separation of powers doctrine. The article begins with an explanation of how the URAA was created through fast track procedures. These fast track procedures required that at the Executive branch present Congress with a Statement of Administrative Action (SAA) which explained in detail how the Executive planned to implement the URAA once enacted. At the time of the URAA's enactment, Congress "approved" the SAA in the statute. In addition and most importantly, Congress took the extraordinary step of providing in the text of the URAA that the SAA should be regarded by U.S. courts as an authoritative expression by the United States of the interpretation and application of the URAA in any question arising under the law. In essence, Congress attempted to make the SAA controlling super-legislative history. After describing the evolution of jurisprudence relating to separation of powers doctrine, the article analyzes the statutory regime of the URAA and SAA and finds that it clearly violates the Constitution. The principle reason for finding this regime unconstitutional is because the regime represents Congress's attempt to create a two-tier law, or a law that Congress creates using both the text of the statute as well as some extrinsic source or procedure that does not comply with bicameralism and presentment. The article then describes the very rare instances in which the courts have examined two-tier laws and why the courts have never resolved their constitutionality. Finally, the article explores whether, after ignoring the unconstitutional mandate from Congress to treat the SAA as super-legislative history, the courts should consider the SAA a useful kind of legislative history. The article concludes that although a statement of administrative action prepared by the Executive and approved by Congress may appeal to a court as potentially useful legislative history, there are serious questions as to the reliability of such a document which should cause a court to use caution in relying on such a document in statutory interpretation.
Increasing Appropriate Composting in High-Traffic University Settings

Composting systems are poised to make a significant impact on waste-management strategies and greatly contribute to global sustainability efforts. However, risk of contamination by potentially detrimental compounds must be overcome before these systems can be widely adopted. Behavior analytic approaches to waste disposal adherence have consisted of antecedent and consequence strategies; many such strategies require continual oversight and significant investment of resources to maintain effectiveness. This project describes a field study that investigated a purely antecedent-based approach to nudge proper organic recycling on a university campus. Using a multiple-baseline design across dining sites, we demonstrate the efficacy of enhanced compost bins (i.e., green colored bins with a hinged door and an accompanying placard indicating site-specific materials that can and cannot be composted) to reduce product contamination by inorganic or unsuitable organic refuse. Implications for future research and suggestions for university implementation are discussed.
Global Optimization on the Sphere: A Stochastic Hybrid Systems Approach

Abstract We cast a stochastic, hybrid algorithm for global optimization on the unit sphere in the framework of stochastic hybrid inclusions. The algorithm contains two hybrid features. First, it includes hysteresis switching between two coordinate charts in order to be able to fully explore the sphere by flowing without encountering singularities in the flow vector field. Secondly, it combines gradient flow with jumps that aim to escape singular points of the function to minimize, other than those singular points corresponding to global minima. The algorithm is stochastic because the jumps involve random probing on the sphere. Solutions are not unique because the jumps are governed by a set-valued mapping, i.e., an inclusion. Regarding the coordinate charts employed, we discuss both the use of spherical coordinates as well as stereographic projection. By using the framework of stochastic hybrid inclusions, we provide a detailed stability characterization of the optimization algorithm. In particular, we establish uniform global asymptotic stability in probability of the set of global minimizers for arbitrary continuously differentiable functions defined on the sphere.
Older Adults and Exergames Olympics: Feasibility and Fun

Seventy-five percent of older adults do not participate in regular physical activity. Exergames is a new subject of research with older adults. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of o...
Improving the delivery of team-based survivorship care after primary breast cancer treatment through a multi-level intervention.

7056Background: The delivery of team-based survivorship care after primary cancer treatment remains challenging, in part due to a lack of effective interventions. We developed a multi-level interve...
Trends in utilization of hypofractionated whole breast radiation in breast cancer: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

536Background: Utilization of hypofractionated radiation (HR) as a component of breast conserving treatment (BCT) in breast cancer is lacking in the U.S. despite studies demonstrating its efficacy ...
A comment on Desvousges et al. (Land Economics 2015): “An adding up test on contingent valuations of river and lake quality”

Abstract Desvousges et al. (2016), in their reply to Chapman et al. (2016) in this journal, reference the empirical adding-up test in Desvousges et al. (2015). Desvousges et al. (2015) find that their contingent valuation method (CVM) survey data does not pass the adding-up test using a conservative, nonparametric estimate of mean willingness-to-pay. In this comment I show theoretically that the survey fielded by Desvousges et al. (2015) is missing important features necessary for the conduct of an adding-up test. Next, I describe how the CVM data collected by Desvousges et al. (2015) suffers from non-monotonicity, flat bid curve and fat tails problems, each of which will cause willingness-to-pay estimates and standard errors to be sensitive to the approach chosen to measure the central tendency. Using additional parametric approaches that are standard in the CVM literature, I find that willingness-to-pay for the whole is not statistically different from the sum of the parts in two of three additional estimates. In other words, the data passes the adding-up test. The negative result in Desvousges et al. (2015) is not robust to these alternative approaches to willingness-to-pay estimation. The primary reason is low data quality.
An Early Adverse Experience Goes a Long, Criminogenic, Gendered Way: The Nexus of Early Adversities, Adult Offending, and Gender

Early adverse experiences have been identified as a salient risk factor for crime and delinquency. However, past empirical studies predominantly used youth and young adult samples; much less is kno...
Priming Self-Affirmation Reduces the Negative Impact of High Rape Myth Acceptance: Assessing Women's Perceptions and Judgments of Sexual Assault.

Researchers have theorized and empirically shown that compared with low rape myth acceptance (RMA) individuals, those high in RMA are more likely to discount rape prevention messages. These researc...
Self-organized metal nanostructures through laser-interference driven thermocapillary convection

Here the authors investigate self-organization and the ensuing length scales when Co films (1–8nm thick) on SiO2 surfaces are repeatedly and rapidly melted by nonuniform (interference) laser irradiation. Pattern evolution produces periodic nanowires, which eventually breakup into nanoparticles exhibiting spatial order in the nearest-neighbor (NN) spacing λNN2. For films of thickness h0>2nm, λNN2∝h01∕2 while the particle radius varies as rp2∝h01∕2. This scaling behavior is consistent with pattern formation by a thermocapillary flow and a Rayleigh-like instability. For h0⩽2nm, a hydrodynamic instability of a spinodally unstable film leads to the formation of nanoparticles.
Increasing access to medications for opioid use disorder: Policy analysis and proposals.

Opioid overdose continues to be the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and the prevalence of OUD continues to increase. Increased access to health insurance—specifically in reg...
Oral health care professionals recommending and administering the HPV vaccine: Understanding the strengths and assessing the barriers.

Introduction Head and neck cancer is a deadly cancer that ranks among the six most common cancers worldwide. The HPV vaccine has been used to prevent head and neck cancer of the oropharynx, and changes in health policies and state law are impacting the role of dental professionals in HPV vaccination. However, relatively little is known about dental professionals' attitudes regarding the vaccine. Objectives Our study assesses dental professionals' willingness to administer the HPV vaccine, their confidence discussing HPV with patients, beliefs about the vaccine's efficacy, perceived barriers to administering it, and sites of referral. Methods We surveyed 623 dental professionals, including dentists, hygienists, dental students, and hygiene students across Michigan. Attitudes toward the vaccine and predictive characteristics were evaluated by logistic regression, ANOVAs, and t-tests. Results The majority of the respondents (51% of dentists, 63% of hygienists, 82% of dental students, and 71% of hygiene students) were willing to administer the HPV vaccine if allowed by law. The role of dental and dental hygiene students would be one of advocacy, educating and recommending the vaccine, and the dental students administering it once licensed. Dental professionals were variably confident discussing HPV with patients and generally believed it enhanced patients' health. Stronger confidence and beliefs were associated with greater willingness to administer the vaccine. Barriers among professionals opposing the HPV vaccine included lack of knowledge on the subject, liability concerns, and personal beliefs. Conclusion Dental professionals can become leaders in preventing HPV-related cancers. Training and continuing education courses could enhance their confidence and willingness to recommend and administer the HPV vaccine. Policy implications Legislation that permits dental professionals to administer the vaccine could increase the vaccine's accessibility to patients, improve vaccination rates, and population health.
Defining the Energetic Basis for a Conformational Switch Mediating Ligand-Independent Activation of Mutant Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer.

Although most primary estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancers respond well to endocrine therapies, many relapse later as metastatic disease due to endocrine therapy resistance. Over one third of these are associated with mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) that activate the receptor independent of ligand. We have used an array of advanced computational techniques rooted in molecular dynamics simulations, in concert with and validated by experiments, to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which specific acquired somatic point mutations give rise to ER constitutive activation. By comparing structural and energetic features of constitutively active mutants and ligand-bound forms of ER-LBD with unliganded wild-type (WT) ER, we characterize a spring force originating from strain in the Helix 11–12 loop of WT-ER, opposing folding of Helix 12 into the active conformation and keeping WT-ER off and disordered, with the ligand-binding pocket open for rapid ligand binding. We quantify ways in which this spring force is abrogated by activating mutations that latch (Y537S) or relax (D538G) the folded form of the loop, enabling formation of the active conformation without ligand binding. We also identify a new ligand-mediated hydrogen-bonding network that stabilizes the active, ligand-bound conformation of WT-ER LBD, and similarly stabilizes the active conformation of the ER mutants in the hormone-free state. Implications: Our investigations provide deep insight into the energetic basis for the structural mechanisms of receptor activation through mutation, exemplified here with ER in endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancers, with potential application to other dysregulated receptor signaling due to driver mutations.
The Prognostic Value of Cardiac Axis Deviation in Systemic Sclerosis-related Pulmonary Hypertension

OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) is a common complication of SSc associated with accelerated mortality. We hypothesized that cardiac axis deviation may indicate abnormalities in cardiac function allowing for prognostication of disease severity and mortality. METHODS This was a retrospective study where electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed for cardiac axis deviation and their association with echocardiography and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics on right heart catheterization. The primary outcome observed was all-cause mortality from the time of PH diagnosis. RESULTS ECGs were reviewed from 169 patients with SSc-PH. Right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) occurred in 28.4% and 30.8% of patients with SSc-PH, respectively. Compared to those without, patients with RAD exhibited predominantly right-sided cardiac disease on echocardiography and increased PH severity by cardiopulmonary hemodynamics including a greater mean pulmonary artery pressure (42.0 ± 12.5 mm Hg vs. 29.8 ± 7.0 mm Hg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (645.6 ± 443.2 dyn·s/cm5 vs. 286.3 ± 167.7 dyn·s/cm5 ). LAD was associated with predominantly left-sided cardiac disease on echocardiography but was not associated with PH severity on cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Both RAD (HR: 10.36; 95% CI: 4.90 - 21.93; p < 0.001) and LAD (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.53 - 5.68; p = 0.001) were associated with an increased hazard for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION RAD and LAD reflect structural cardiac abnormalities and are associated with poor prognosis in patients with SSc-PH. These findings support the importance of electrocardiography, an inexpensive, widely available non-invasive test, in risk stratification.
Automated Collateral Flow Assessment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Computed Tomography with Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

Background Collateral circulation is associated with improved functional outcome in patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who undergo reperfusion therapy. Assessment of collateral flow can be time consuming, subjective, and difficult because of complex neurovasculature. This study assessed the ability of multiple artificial intelligence algorithms in determining collateral flow of patients with AIS. Methods Two hundred patients with AIS between March 2019 and January 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Peak arterial computed tomography perfusion volumes were used to assess collateral scores. Neural networks were developed for dichotomized (≥50% or Results The axial and AP input combination provided the most accurate results for dichotomized classification: accuracy, 0.85 ± 0.01; sensitivity, 0.88 ± 0.02; specificity, 0.82 ± 0.03; PPV, 0.86 ± 0.02; and NPV, 0.83 ± 0.03. Similarly, the axial and AP input combination provided the best results for multiclass classification: accuracy, 0.80 ± 0.01; sensitivity, 0.64 ± 0.01; specificity, 0.85 ± 0.01; PPV, 0.65 ± 0.02; and NPV, 0.85 ± 0.01. Conclusions This study reports one of the first artificial intelligence–based algorithms capable of accurately and efficiently assessing collateral flow of patients with AIS. This automated method for determining collateral filling could streamline clinical workflow, reduce bias, and aid in clinical decision making for determining reperfusion-eligible patients.
Negative-sense RNA viruses: An underexplored platform for examining virus–host lipid interactions

Viruses are pathogenic agents that can infect all varieties of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. These microscopic particles are genetically simple as they encode a limited number o...
From an example of Lévy’s

Here B(X;t) is the o--field generated by {X(s);s:::; t}. Over the last few years, the non-canonical representation of Brownian motion of this kind related has been of interest to many authors, in particular Th. Jeulin & M. Yor [4,5,6,7] and M. Hitsuda [2]. Let Xo(t) = B(t), (t 0) be a standard Brownian motion. In this paper, our precise purpose is to construct a sequence of Brownian motion {Xn (t); t O}(n 0 ) such that Xn(t) can be represented as a Wiener integral Xn(t) = l r; (¥) dB(u), (n 1).
Antihistamines and their role as antipruritics

Antihistamines that bind to the histamine 1 receptor (H1) serve as important therapeutic agents to counter the effects of histamine in the skin. Two generations of antihistamines exist; however, second-generation agents are more advantageous because they cause less sedation, have a longer half life and are more selective for the H1 receptor. While H1 antihistamines have proven to be effective at reversing the pruritus and cutaneous lesions of chronic urticaria, their ability to treat pruritus associated with other cutaneous and systemic diseases is unproven.
Complexes of pyrrole-derivative ligands—II: Copper(II) complexes with tetradentate ligands

Abstract Seven complexes of the type 2,2′-[Abis(nitrolomethylidyne)] dipyrrolocopper(II), where A is -(CH2)2-, , o-C6H4, -CH(CH3)CH2-, -(CH2)3, -(CH2)4-, and -(CH2)5-, have been synthesized. Their u.v.-visible spectra, i.r. spectra, magnetic susceptibility, and ligand field spectra are discussed. The decrease in the CN stretching vibration frequency of the ligand upon complex formation for alkyl A is 20–52 cm−1; for the o-C6H4 complex it is 65 cm−1. The complexes containing the tetra- and pentamethylene linkages are monomeric in toluene and thus exhibit seven- and eight-membered chelate rings. The magnetic moments are observed in the 1·80-1·94 B.M. range. The configuration of the complexes is discussed.
Lucan the Christian Monarchist: the anti‐republicanism of the De tyranno and the De bello civili

In an early Quattrocento tract, the De tyranno, Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of the Florentine Republic, defended Dante's damnation of the assassins of Caesar, and offered a thorough condemnation of the flaws of the Roman Republic and a spirited endorsement of the succeeding autocracy. Salutati's apparent conversion to Dante's Christian Monarchism has puzzled scholars and has led to his characterisation as a somewhat outmoded figure. But a more complex picture emerges from an analysis of an overlooked feature of the De tyranno: its extraordinary use of Lucan's historical epic, the De bello civili. While his contemporaries regarded the poem as an anti-Caesarian polemic, Salutati identified and exploited the ironies of this deeply ambivalent work toward the republican ideal it was taken to espouse. Through a strategy of quotation, allusion, and paraphrase, he expressed his own monarchist arguments in the language of the favourite literary authority of Renaissance republicanism. This strategy was apparently original and probably influential, and is detectable, too, in Salutati's other works. These borrowings demonstrate the degree of dexterity with which a Florentine humanist might apply the classical learning of the Trecento to the political debates of the Quattrocento, and also the undiminished powers of the ageing Chancellor as reader and rhetorician.
Oral health disparities and periodontal disease in Asian and Pacific Island populations.

INTRODUCTION While oral health disparities exist in many ethnic groups in Hawaii, the challenge of developing research and intervention programs is hampered by the lack of a dental school and adequate state resources. OBJECTIVE To use a collaboration model to establish a mentoring relationship with a research-intensive school of dentistry to reduce oral health disparities in Hawaii. METHODS Collaborative interactions with the University of Hawaii School of Medicine (UH) and the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill (UNC) included bimonthly teleconferences, on-site planning and mentoring sessions, yearly conferences in Hawaii open to the community using UNC faculty, and on-site skills training sessions. The community was asked to participate in determining priorities for research through focus-group interactions. Two pilot investigations were also conducted. RESULTS Both universities have been awarded grants to fund activities to support the combined intellectual and physical resources of multiple private, public, and community organizations to achieve the goal of improving the oral health status of the people of Hawaii. As a result of initial planning, two related grants have been submitted (one approved, one disapproved) to fund pilot studies on the oral health status of mothers and their babies in a rural community. These studies include both UH and UNC investigators. CONCLUSIONS Health disparities occur among diverse ethnic groups in Hawaii, and links between general health and oral health continue to emerge. In spite of obstacles to designing effective research and intervention programs in Hawaii, UH fostered a collaborative relationship with a premiere dental research institution to develop competence in clinical research, conduct pilot studies, and obtain extramural funding for comprehensive studies. Direct involvement of community representatives in the research process is integral to the success of such studies and will continue to serve as the foundation of our community-based participatory research. The network partners have accomplished their primary goal of developing culturally appropriate methods for assessing determinants of oral health, oral health-related quality of life, and health outcomes in Asians and Pacific Islanders.
NTIS: A key partner in unlocking the world's technology

The pattern was set for NTIS cooperation with public and private institutions around the world by President Harry Truman in 1945. Since then the NTIS mission of ensuring economic growth through effective use of the world's technical information has been achieved through partnerships with US and foreign governments and businesses. About 30% of NTIS input now comes from foreign sources, continually building and enriching the archive of almost two million items. Both input and dissemination are managed by the NTIS global network of 110 cooperating organizations in 60 countries. Summaries of items available are announced both by NTIS and its partners in traditional paper and microfiche products as well as in the modem electronic forms: online and CD-ROM. New partnerships and joint ventures will be described as well as the NTIS strategy for future cooperation and growth.
Non-union of fractures of the distal end of the humerus.

The records of twenty patients who had been treated for a non-union of the distal end of the humerus at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1968 to 1984 were reviewed. Thirteen of the fractures were extra-articular and seven were intra-articular. Seven fractures had been open and nine had been associated with multiple trauma. Eight had been initially treated by open reduction and internal fixation; five, by closed reduction and immobilization; four, by skeletal traction; two, by external fixation; and one, by debridement and immobilization. The average time from the original fracture to the treatment of the non-union was twenty months (range, three to 120 months). All but one patient had pain and instability, and fifteen (75 per cent) had limited motion of the elbow. Radiographically, eleven were considered to have a reactive non-union and nine, a non-reactive non-union. Seventeen (94 per cent) of the eighteen non-unions ultimately united. Two patients underwent excision of the distal end of the humerus and replacement with an allograft. At follow-up (average, 3.6 years), function in one patient was rated as excellent; in six, as good; in seven, as fair; and in six, as poor. The patients who had an extra-articular supracondylar non-union had the best over-all results, while those who had a non-union that was associated with an intra-articular component or severe soft-tissue trauma did less well. It should be emphasized, however, that most of the patients in this study continued to have a major long-term disability, despite the fact that union was successful.
Collecting Child Support: A History of Federal and State Initiatives

In this article we sketch an overview of the increasing federal involvement in the child-support area. Because the federal role has grown so dramatically over the past 25 years, family law practitioners need to understand the different federal programs and requirements that affect state management of child-support programs. While for many low-income parents state agencies handle child-support establishment and collection, the federalization of child support has practical implications when it comes to both establishing and enforcing child support. For example, as the time limits of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act begin to have their effects, child support may become a supplement more and more needed by custodial parents. We begin this article with a brief history of the changing nature of federal involvement in child support-focusing on the origins of the federally mandated state child-support departments (“IV-D” agencies)-and then examine the development of mandatory child-support guidelines. We conclude with a listing of the implications of the federalization of child support for the family law practitioner.
Patterns of genetic and morphological divergence reveal a species complex in the Plain Wren (Cantorchilus modestus)

ABSTRACT We used morphometrics, plumage color, and mitochondrial DNA to reconstruct the phylogeography of the Plain Wren (Cantorchilus modestus), an abundant bird species of low to middle elevations throughout Central America. Sampling the full geographic range of C. modestus, we uncovered significant phenotypic structure in size, shape, and plumage color that mirrored deep genetic divergences in mitochondrial DNA. This structure was mostly concordant with the 3 most broadly recognized subspecies of Plain Wren (C. m. modestus, C .m. zeledoni, and C. m. elutus), but a potentially undescribed taxon exists in the highlands of Central Belize. We also found evidence of a cryptic phylogeographic break on the Pacific Slope of Costa Rica, between the southernmost populations and the widespread northern populations. This latter discovery likely represents a significant expansion of the known range of the traditionally Panamanian subspecies C. m. elutus, corresponding to a transition between major ecoregions. Topol...