cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delays in antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-positive individuals: results of the positive living with HIV study.

Background : Lack of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a major health concern due to increased risk of premature mortality and further HIV transmission. This study explored CD4+ cell count monitoring in relation to delays in ART initiation among HIV-positive individuals in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, where ART coverage was only 23.7% in 2011. Design : We recruited a total of 87 ART-naive, HIV-positive individuals aged 18 to 60 years through the networks of five non-government organizations working with HIV-positive individuals. We collected data on the history of ART initiation, CD4+ cell count monitoring, socio-demographic variables, perceived family support (measured with 10-item Nepali Family Support and Difficulty Scale), depression, and HIV symptom burden. Correlates of ART eligibility were examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results : A total of 72 of the 87 ART-naive participants (82.8%) had monitored their CD4+ cell count in the past 6 months. Of these, 36 (50%) participants were eligible for ART initiation with CD4+ cell count <350 cells/mm 3 . A total of 12 participants had CD4+ cell count <200 cells/mm 3 . Lower level of perceived family support was associated with 6.05-fold higher odds (95% confidence interval =1.95 to 18.73) of being ART eligible with a CD4+ cell count <350 cells/mm 3 . Conclusions : High rate of delays in ART initiation and the strong association of low perceived family support with ART eligibility in our study participants suggest that HIV service providers should consider the role and impact of family support in influencing individual decisions to initiate ART among eligible HIV-positive individuals. Keywords : antiretroviral therapy; CD4+ cell count; family support; HIV/AIDS; Nepal (Published: 30 June 2016) Citation: Glob Health Action 2016, 9 : 31550 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.31550
Does Cancer Risk in Colonic Polyps Unsuitable for Polypectomy Support the Need for Advanced Endoscopic Resections

Background There is a continuing debate on the best approach for endoscopically benign large polyps that are unsuitable for conventional endoscopic resection. This study aimed to estimate the cancer risk in patients with endoscopically benign unresectable colonic polyps referred for surgery. Study Design We assessed patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of benign adenoma deemed not amenable to endoscopic removal, who underwent colectomy between 1997 and 2012. Patients with preoperative diagnoses of cancer, inherited polyposis syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and synchronous pathology requiring surgery were excluded. Results There were 439 patients (220 [50.1%] men; median age 67 years [range 27 to 97 years]) who underwent colectomy. Of 439 patients, 346 (79%) underwent preoperative endoscopy at our institution. Most of the polyps were located in the right colon (394 of 439, 89.7%), with the majority in the cecum (199 of 394, 45.3%). Polyp morphology was as follows: sessile (n = 252, 57.4%), pedunculated (n = 109, 24.8%), and flat (n = 78, 17.8%). Endoscopic pathology revealed high-grade dysplasia in 88 (20%) patients. Mean colonoscopic and postoperative polyp sizes were 3.0 cm (range 0.3 to 10 cm) and 2.7 cm (range 0 to 11 cm), respectively (p Conclusions For the majority of endoscopically benign colonic polyps, an oncologic colonic resection may be unnecessary, so advanced endoscopic resection techniques or laparoscopic-assisted polypectomy should be considered. When bowel resection is needed, the resection should be performed, obeying oncologic principles and techniques.
Minimizing Complications in Major Spine Surgery: The Role of the Anesthesiologist

Purpose of review The complexity of spine surgery has increased dramatically over the last two decades. This review highlights the impact the anesthesiologist can have on minimizing complications in these challenging procedures, often performed on patients with multiple comorbidities.
Teaching as a Cultural Artifact

When I started my career as a teacher educator, my graduate teacher education students looked astonishingly similar to me. They were young, almost all were women, mostly blonde and many just completed their undergraduate degrees and had proceeded to graduate studies almost immediately. Occasionally, I would be assigned a group comprising one or two students from other racial groups, and that is when I actually felt that I had a diverse class.
Cell Signaling and Stress Responses

Stress-signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved and play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis. These pathways are also critical for adaptation to new cellular environments. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated by biosynthetic stress and leads to a compensatory increase in ER function. The JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways control adaptive responses to intracellular and extracellular stresses, including environmental changes such as UV light, heat, and hyperosmotic conditions, and exposure to inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic stress caused by a high-fat diet represents an example of a stimulus that coordinately activates both the UPR and JNK/p38 signaling pathways. Chronic activation of these stress-response pathways ultimately causes metabolic changes associated with obesity and altered insulin sensitivity. Stress-signaling pathways, therefore, represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the metabolic stress response and other disease processes.
The Immature Reticulocyte Fraction Predicts Marrow Recovery and Can Obviate the Need for Bone Marrow Examination in Persistently Neutropenic Cancer Patients

Abstract Abstract 4526 Introduction: Prolonged and persistent neutropenia (white blood cell (WBC) ≤1000/μL) after chemotherapy is associated with increased risk for infection in cancer patients and is often an indication for a diagnostic bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. A test that predicts WBC recovery ≥ 1000/μL and that obviates the need for marrow sampling would be of clinical value. The immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) reflects erythroid production and hence a recovering marrow. Materials and Methods: We identified 17 myeloma patients with prolonged pancytopenia after either myeloablative or non-myeloablative chemotherapy between March 2010 and February 2011, and compared the time of occurrence of IRF doubling (IRF-D) to the findings on bone marrow examination. Results: The time to IRF doubling preceded increase of WBC ≥ 1000/μL in 15 of 17 patients by a mean of 4.5 days (range 0–18 days). In two patients, the IRF-D coincided with WBC ≥ 1000/μL. The IRF doubled 2–4 days before the bone marrow examination in four patients and at a mean of 3.7 days (range 1–13 days) after the marrow examination in the remaining 13. Conclusion: We conclude that the IRF-D is a simple, inexpensive and widely available test that can precede marrow recovery by several days and may therefore obviate the need for a diagnostic bone marrow aspirate and biopsy in patients with prolonged and persistent neutropenia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Side-of-onset of Parkinson's disease in relation to neuropsychological measures.

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) usually emerges with a unilateral side-of-onset (left-onset: LOPD; right-onset: ROPD; Marinus & van Hilten, 2015) due to an asymmetrical degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons (Donnemiller et al., Brain, 135, 2012, 3348). This has led to a body of research exploring the cognitive, neuropsychological, and clinical differences between LOPD and ROPD (e.g., Verreyt et al., Neuropsychology Review, 21, 2011, 405). Methods Thirty ROPD and 14 LOPD cases were drawn from a Boston clinic specializing in PD. Various cognitive and neuropsychological measures were used in an attempt to discover if there were indeed any differences between LOPD and ROPD in this cohort. Results For LOPD, duration of illness was found to be significantly greater than that of ROPD. However, further testing was able to confirm that despite this difference, it was not the cause of the other significant differences found. Furthermore, this increased duration was consistent with a previous study (Munhoz et al., Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 19, 2013, 77). Performance on the Digit Span Backward (DSB) was found to be significantly poorer in LOPD than ROPD, suggesting compromised executive function in LOPD. Additionally, LOPD had significantly greater anxiety on the DASS Anxiety scales than ROPD. However, unlike Foster et al (Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23, 2010, 4), this increased anxiety could not account for the poorer performance on the DSB for LOPD. Finally, ROPD had significantly greater magical ideation than LOPD, which can be explained by the theory put forth by Brugger and Graves (European Archives of Psychiatry, 247, 1997, 55). Conclusion Clear and significant differences between LOPD and ROPD were found within our cohort. LOPD showed greater impairment of working memory, greater anxiety, and greater duration of illness—all independent of one another; whereas, those with ROPD had greater magical ideation, also independent of any other variables.
Customer Service for the New Millennium

As members of a service-driven industry, recreational sports professional and student staff must be attuned to “going above and beyond” customer's needs, wants and expectations. Collectively, we ne...
Frequency-Hopping Pulse Position Modulation Ultrawideband Receiver

Pulse position modulation (PPM) has been used in the radio-frequency (RF) domain to achieve both low-dissipation requirements and provide precision ranging. In ultrawideband (UWB) architectures, it underpins an asynchronous receiver, multiple access environments, and interference-resistant transmission. When combined with frequency hopping (FH), it allows for an additional level of immunity to jamming and low probability of intercept. Realization of a FH-PPM transceiver poses a practical challenge, particularly in the UWB RF range. With UWB pulses reaching the multi-gigahertz range, FH adds to the effective bandwidth at which the receiver must be operated, exceeding the performance of a modern quantizer and digital demodulation backplane. This study describes a new photonics-assisted FH-PPM receiver architecture that rests on mutually coherent frequency combs. The performance of the new receiver was characterized by receiving and decoding an 80–Mb/s rate FH-PPM UWB signal.
Novel keyword co-occurrence network-based methods to foster systematic reviews of scientific literature

Systematic reviews of scientific literature are important for mapping the existing state of research and highlighting further growth channels in a field of study, but systematic reviews are inherently tedious, time consuming, and manual in nature. In recent years, keyword co-occurrence networks (KCNs) are exploited for knowledge mapping. In a KCN, each keyword is represented as a node and each co-occurrence of a pair of words is represented as a link. The number of times that a pair of words co-occurs in multiple articles constitutes the weight of the link connecting the pair. The network constructed in this manner represents cumulative knowledge of a domain and helps to uncover meaningful knowledge components and insights based on the patterns and strength of links between keywords that appear in the literature. In this work, we propose a KCN-based approach that can be implemented prior to undertaking a systematic review to guide and accelerate the review process. The novelty of this method lies in the new metrics used for statistical analysis of a KCN that differ from those typically used for KCN analysis. The approach is demonstrated through its application to nano-related Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) risk literature. The KCN approach identified the knowledge components, knowledge structure, and research trends that match with those discovered through a traditional systematic review of the nanoEHS field. Because KCN-based analyses can be conducted more quickly to explore a vast amount of literature, this method can provide a knowledge map and insights prior to undertaking a rigorous traditional systematic review. This two-step approach can significantly reduce the effort and time required for a traditional systematic literature review. The proposed KCN-based pre-systematic review method is universal. It can be applied to any scientific field of study to prepare a knowledge map.
Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Advanced Osteoarthritis Pain in Rats.

Objective Exercise is commonly recommended for patients with osteoarthritis (OA) pain. However, whether exercise is beneficial in ameliorating ongoing pain that is persistent, resistant to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and associated with advanced OA is unknown. Methods Rats treated with intraarticular (IA) monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) or saline underwent treadmill exercise or remained sedentary starting 10 days postinjection. Tactile sensory thresholds and weight bearing were assessed, followed by radiography at weekly intervals. After 4 weeks of exercise, ongoing pain was assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP) to IA or rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)–administered lidocaine. The possible role of endogenous opioids in exercise-induced pain relief was examined by systemic administration of naloxone. Knee joints were collected for micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis to examine pathologic changes to subchondral bone and metaphysis of the tibia. Results Treadmill exercise for 4 weeks reversed MIA-induced tactile hypersensitivity and weight asymmetry. Both IA and RVM lidocaine D35, administered post-MIA, induced CPP in sedentary but not exercised MIA-treated rats, indicating that exercise blocks MIA-induced ongoing pain. Naloxone reestablished weight asymmetry in MIA-treated rats undergoing exercise and induced conditioned place aversion, indicating that exercise-induced pain relief is dependent on endogenous opioids. Exercise did not alter radiographic evidence of OA. However, micro-CT analysis indicated that exercise did not block lateral subchondral bone loss or trabecular bone loss in the metaphysis, but did block MIA-induced medial bone loss. Conclusion These findings support the conclusion that exercise induces pain relief in advanced, NSAID-resistant OA, likely through increased endogenous opioid signaling. In addition, treadmill exercise blocked MIA-induced bone loss in this model, indicating a potential bone-stabilizing effect of exercise on the OA joint.
Book Review: Fabriano: City of Medieval and Renaissance Papermaking – The First 500 Years

The Italian town of Fabriano is known for producing high-quality handmade paper – an industry that began in the 13th century and that has endured for eight centuries. How did the industry take hold in this Italian town and how did it endure for so long? Author Sylvia Rodgers Albro tells this story in her new book, Fabriano: City of Medieval and Renaissance Papermaking. Readers who appreciate history and engineering will enjoy Albro’s narrative, wonderful photography, and diagrams as they bring to life the art, science, and social history of papermaking in Fabriano.
CO ligands stabilize metal chalcogenide Co6Se8(CO)n clusters via demagnetization

The role of carbon monoxide ligands on the magnetic moment of Co6Se8(CO)n clusters, n = 0–6 was investigated to better understand the interplay between the electronic structure of metal chalcogenide clusters and their ligands. We find that the addition of CO ligands to Co6Se8 results in the gradual demagnetization of the cluster. Generally, the addition of a CO ligand effectively adds two electrons to the cluster that occupy deeper states and further pushes up an antibonding orbital out of the valence manifold of cluster states. Through such processes, the fully ligated Co6Se8(CO)6 cluster attains a closed electronic shell with a large gap between occupied and unoccupied states. Each removal of a CO ligand from the cluster then stabilizes an antibonding state that adds unoccupied states to the valence manifold. Such a cluster with partially filled states may either deform as in a Jahn–Teller distortion to quench the spin, or maintain its core structure and be stabilized in a high spin state as in Hund's rules. As these clusters generally maintain their octahedral core, the high spin state prevails and the removal of the ligands results in an increase in spin multiplicity.
'O Chão é a Grande Pregunta': Non-Human Temporalities in Nuno Ramos

This essay argues that Nuno Ramos’s installations and writings represent a decisive intervention in current aesthetic debates on temporality and the non-human. Working on the unstable terrain between the living and the dead, the organic and the inorganic, the fossilized and the spectral, Ramos’s work sheds light on scales and frames that challenge the anthropocentric sensorium of our critical habits. By focusing on writings included in Cujo (1993) and Essaio Geral (2007), the essay analyzes how the configuration of such critical perspective in Ramos’s work interrogates and reformulates the ways in which memory and the political interface there where the very notion of life—the bios that articulates the biopolitical—is at stake.
A One-Sector Model of Robotic Immiserization

We investigate whether robots raise or lower economic well-being for generations alive during and after their development. While capital that perfectly substitutes for human labor can increase output, it can also lower labor demand and labor’s share of income. Workers who are in retirement after robots are developed benefit from high wages when young and high interest rates when old. Robots crowd out investment in capital that is complementary to workers, lowering wages for those who are working when robots are introduced. A reduction in wages will reduce saving and investment in capital that complements workers, further reducing wages for subsequent generations. On net, this shift to lower wages but higher interest rates can leave future generations worse off. Redistributing income across generations can ensure that a rise in robotic productivity benefits all generations.
2-Hop Eclipse: A Fast Algorithm for Bandwidth-Efficient Data Center Switching

A hybrid-switched data center network interconnects its racks of servers with a combination of a fast circuit switch that a schedule can reconfigure at significant cost and a much slower packet switch that a schedule can reconfigure at negligible cost. Given a traffic demand matrix between the racks, how can we best compute a good circuit switch configuration schedule that meets most of the traffic demand, leaving as little as possible for the packet switch to handle?
Machine Learning in Agriculture

Machine learning is an emerging field of artificial intelligence which can be applied to the agriculture sector. It refers to the automated detection of meaningful patterns in a given data. Modern agriculture seeks ways to conserve water, use nutrients and energy more efficiently, and adapt to climate change. Machine learning in agriculture allows for more accurate disease diagnosis and crop disease prediction. This paper briefly introduces what machine learning can do in the agriculture sector.
The Role of Nature in Children’s Resilience: Cognitive and Social Processes

This chapter examines the convergence of two literatures: one addressing human resilience, the other focused on the natural environment and human well-being. Research evidence suggests that views of and access to nearby nature serve as protective factors, bolstering the resilience of youth. However little effort has been made to explicitly integrate resilience or positive psychology with nature and well-being research and theory. First, a brief historical overview of childhood resilience literature is presented with a focus on the evolution from protective factors to protective mechanisms. Second, the chapter presents research connecting nature to positive outcomes, particularly in the context of stress, adversity, and other risk factors. Third, we consider two particularly viable, well-grounded mechanisms linking nature to resilience: social relationships and cognitive functioning. Lastly, directions for future research are presented. Further examination of the intersection of resilience and the natural environment holds promise for theory as well as practice, and has the potential to substantially influence the lives of children facing the challenges of life in a red zone.
The Thoracic Cage

The thoracic cage is the protective armor that shields the heart, lungs, and great vessels as well as many abdominal organs. The liver, gall bladder, and spleen, to name just a few, lie under the cover of ribs, because the concavity of the dome-shaped diaphragm is part of the abdominal cavity.
Surface-barrier effects in grain-aligned HgBa 2 CuO 4 + δ , HgBa 2 CaCu 2 O 6 + δ , and HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8 + δ compounds

We have studied the magnetic hysteresis and relaxation processes of grain-aligned ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$, ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$, and ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ compounds. The penetration field, ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{p}}$, the width of the magnetization loops, \ensuremath{\Delta}M, and the irreversibility field, ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{irr}}$, of each compound were found to exhibit an exponential temperature dependence [i.e., ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{p}}$, ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{irr}}$, \ensuremath{\Delta}M\ensuremath{\propto}exp(-cT/${\mathit{T}}_{0}$)]. This suggests that their magnetic relaxation is controlled by the penetration of two-dimensional pancake vortices over the Bean-Livingston surface barrier.
ATA: A Cyclops for the 21st Century

The Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) finally has its own fulltime telescope. The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) in Northern California was dedicated on October 11, 2007. This array, which will eventually be comprised of 350 small radio antennas, each 6.1 meters in diameter, is being built as a partnership between the SETI Institute and the University of California Radio Astronomy Laboratory. At the dedication, Paul G. Allen (who provided the funds for the technology development and the first phase of array construction) pushed a silver button and all 42 antennas of the current ATA-42 slewed to point in the direction of the distant galaxy M81. Specialized electronic backend detectors attached to the ATA began making a radio map of that galaxy and simultaneously began SETI observations of HIP48573, a G5 V star near M81 on the sky and a distance of 264 light years from Earth. The Allen Telescope Array will greatly improve the speed of conducting SETI searches over the next few decades, and it will allow a suite of different search strategies to be undertaken. This paper summarizes some of the earliest SETI observations from the array, and describes the search strategies currently being planned.
Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis for safe administration of chemotherapy to hospitalized children with cancer.

Article-at-a-Glance Background The administration of chemotherapy to hospitalized children with cancer is a complex and high-risk process. A team divided the process into three areas—prescribing, dispensing, and administration—and used Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify the elements of risk and implement appropriate strategies. For each area, potential failures within subprocesses were assigned risk priority numbers (RPNs), reflecting their frequency, severity, and detectability. Strategies for Risk Reduction The team made prescribing and administration, the areas with the highest RPNs, the focus of most of its strategies, which were introduced and completed in 2002. Postimplementation Results The potential prescribing error rate decreased from 23% to 14%; use of preprinted standard order sets increased from 22% to 45% in 2003 (one year after the FMEA was conducted) and 76% in 2005. Actual dispensing errors decreased from 3 to 1, and the actual administration errors from 4 to 3. Final Reflections Computerized order entry systems would only affect prescribing, dispensing, and administering, which would still be done manually, resulting in potential for failure. The FMEA project will be an ongoing part of providing safe chemotherapy treatments.
1950s: The Hybrid Body

In 1950, modern dance reached a wide public in Mexico. Artist Miguel Covarrubias directed the new Department of Dance at INBA and invited renowned modern dancer Jose Limon to Mexico City. There Limon choreographed dances rooted in pre-Columbian myths while using modern techniques: the focus on the breath, grounding to the floor, and the isolation of parts of the body. Critics in Mexico embraced Limon as their own and applauded his gentlemanly performance of masculinity at a time when the state was campaigning to replace revolutionary aggression with bureaucracy. At the same time, critics in the United States claimed Limon as American. This chapter examines Limon’s hybrid humanist choreographies and his complicated role as Arts Ambassador for the United States during the Cold War.
Cutting Deep: The Transformative Power of Art in the Anatomy Lab

On Tuesday evenings at New York University School of Medicine (NYUSoM), the anatomy lab is transformed into an art studio. Medical students gather with a spirit of creative enterprise and a unique goal: to turn anatomy into art. They are participants in Art & Anatomy, an innovative drawing course within the Master Scholars Program in Humanistic Medicine (MSPHM)-a component of NYUSoM, which offers elective courses across a range of interdisciplinary topics in medical humanities. Art & Anatomy has had approximately four hundred fifty participants since its inception in 2009. The educational intention of the course is to use drawing as an active mode of learning that enhances visual-perceptual ability and three-dimensional (3D) spatial understanding of the body's interior; however, the course also opens a creative space for participants to process the emotional complexities of cadaver dissection and the anatomy lab experience. The anatomy lab can be the training ground for clinical detachment, but many U.S. medical schools are beginning to attend more closely to the emotional aspects of dissection. The authors maintain that the inherently expressive nature of drawing makes the Art & Anatomy course a novel and effective approach to this endeavor. Select student artwork and a curriculum overview are provided.
Separating High-Z Oral Contrast From Intravascular Iodine Contrast in an Animal Model Using Dual-Layer Spectral CT.

Rationale and Objectives To show that water and iodine two-material decomposition images from dual-layer dual-energy spectral X-ray computed tomography (DECT) can be used to separate intravascular iodine contrast from simultaneously administered oral tantalum, tungsten, or rhenium contrast in an animal model. Materials and Methods In this Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved study, four female Fischer rats were given simultaneous intravenous and oral X-ray computed tomography contrast. Intravenous iodine contrast was administered via tail vein injection. Oral barium, tantalum, tungsten, or rhenium contrast was administered via gavage. The animals were imaged on a dual-layer DECT system at 120 kVp. Water and iodine two-material decomposition images (water equivalent and iodine equivalent images) were used for qualitative analysis. Computer simulations were performed using a customized DECT simulator to better understand why certain high-Z elements disappear in the iodine equivalent images and what is the theoretical range of elements with this property. Results The iodine and barium contrast appeared only in the iodine equivalent images and could not be differentiated from each other. However, the tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium contrast only appeared in the water equivalent images. This allowed iodine contrast in the bowel wall to be easily segmented from tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium contrast in the bowel lumen. Simulations confirmed that certain high-Z elements will have pixel values of ≤0 mg iodine/mL in the iodine equivalent images due to a K-edge effect associated with DECT systems. Conclusions Dual-layer DECT can separate iodine from certain high-Z elements using water equivalent and iodine equivalent images with an increased element range compared to other DECT systems. This K-edge effect could promote the development and approval of new high-Z contrast agents for DECT.
Tracking resident pre-rounding electronic health record usage.

Purpose Residents collect information from the electronic health record (EHR) to present during rounds, but this crucial process is understudied. The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of utilizing an EHR embedded time-tracking software to quantify resident pre-round EHR activity and how patient acuity impacts this activity. Design/methodology/approach This was a retrospective observational study that quantified resident EHR activities (total time spent, tasks performed and patient encounters accessed) during pre-rounds on their pediatric intensive care unit rotation between May 2016 and December 2016. Patient encounters were reviewed to determine resident ownership and critical care resources provided. Findings Allo 21 eligible participants were included. In total, 907 patient encounters were included to evaluate patient acuity impact. EHR usage per patient encounter (median in minutes (25th, 75th percentile)) was significantly affected by the critical care resources utilized. Total EHR time: both ventilator and vasoactive support (10.54 (6.68, 17.19)); neither ventilator nor vasoactive support (8.23 (5.07, 12.72)); invasive/noninvasive ventilator support (8.74 (5.69, 13.2)); and vasoactive support (10.37 (7.72, 11.65)), p<0.001. Chart review, order entry and documentation EHR times demonstrated similar trends. Practical implications Residents spend more time utilizing the EHR to collect data on patients who require significant critical care resources. This information can be useful to determine optimal resident to patient workload. Future research is required to assess this EHR tool’s ability to contribute to physician workflow study. Originality/value EHR embedded time-tracking software can offer insights into resident workflow.
Effect of bilateral lung transplantation on excessive dynamic airway collapse.

Introduction Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is associated with significant respiratory morbidity. It has been hypothesized that EDAC may limit the benefits of lung transplantation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We aim to find the effect of bilateral lung transplantation on EDAC in COPD patients. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with concomitant presence of COPD and EDAC before undergoing bilateral lung transplantation from December 2011 to December 2014. Pre- and post-transplant pulmonary function tests, flow-volume (FV) loops, computed tomography (CT) of the chest, and flexible bronchoscopies were studied. Results A total of 165 patients underwent bilateral lung transplantation during the study period. Eight patients had COPD and EDAC prior to the transplant. Post-transplantation, 7 out of 8 patients showed resolution of EDAC on expiratory CT chest and 1 patient did not have post-transplant CT chest. All eight showed no EDAC on post-transplant surveillance bronchoscopy. Post-transplant, mean predicted FEV1/FVC increased from 37% to 117% and mean predicted FEV1 increased from 20% to 61%. Conclusions There is resolution of EDAC post-bilateral lung transplantation in this retrospective COPD patient population. EDAC should not be considered as a benefit-limiting factor to bilateral lung transplantation. However, prospective studies are required to explore potential indication.
Medical Mistrust and PrEP Perceptions Among Transgender Women: A Cluster Analysis

AbstractTransgender (trans) women experience unique barriers in accessing preventative health services such as HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). These barriers may be exacerbated by past real or ...
Use of Evidence-Based Best Practices and Behavior Change Techniques in Breast Cancer Apps: Systematic Analysis

Background: Theoretically designed mobile health (mHealth) breast cancer interventions are essential for achieving positive behavior change. In the case of breast cancer, they can improve the health outcomes of millions of women by increasing prevention and care efforts. However, little is known about the theoretical underpinnings of breast cancer apps available to the general public. Objective: Given that theories may strengthen mHealth interventions, this study aimed to identify breast cancer apps designed to support behavior change, to assess the extent to which they address content along the cancer care continuum and contain behavior change techniques, and to assess the degree to which star rating is related to theory-based design. Methods: Using a criteria-based screening process, we searched 2 major app stores for breast cancer apps designed to promote behavior change. Apps were coded for content along the cancer care continuum and analyzed for behavior change techniques. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the relationship between star ratings and the use of behavior change techniques in apps with star ratings compared to those without ratings. Results: The search resulted in a total of 302 apps, of which 133 were identified as containing breast cancer content. Only 9.9% (30/302) of apps supported behavior change and were further analyzed. These apps were disproportionally focused on behaviors to enhance early detection, whereas only a few apps supported care management, treatment, and posttreatment behaviors. Regarding theories, 63% (19/30) of apps customized content to users, 70% (21/30) established a health-behavior link, and 80% (24/30) provided behavior change instructions. Of the 30 apps, 15 (50%) prompted intention formation whereas less than half of the apps included goal setting (9/30, 30%) and goal reviewing (7/30, 23%). Most apps did not provide information on peer behavior (7/30, 23%) or allow for social comparison (6/30, 20%). None of the apps mobilized social norms. Only half of the apps (15/30, 50%) were user rated. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that apps with star ratings contained significantly more behavior change techniques (median 6.00) than apps without ratings. The analysis of behavior change techniques used in apps revealed their shortcomings in the use of goal setting and social influence features. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that commercially available breast cancer apps have not yet fully realized their potential to promote behavior change, with only a minority of apps focusing on behavior change, and even fewer including theoretical design to support behavior change along the cancer care continuum. These shortcomings are likely limiting the effectiveness of apps and their ability to improve public health. More attention needs to be paid to the involvement of professionals in app development and adherence to theories and best practices in app design to support individuals along the cancer care continuum.
Perspective on Convention 169, its significance to Inuit and some troubling developments

Whereas universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice1The aims of the ILO are significant for millions of workers across the globe. Moreover, consistent wit...
Cadmium and Lead Decrease Cell-Cell Aggregation and Increase Migration and Invasion in Renca Mouse Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an important clinical issue; the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is approximately 12%, while it is 93% in those with localized disease. There is evidence that blood cadmium and lead levels are elevated in RCC. The current studies were designed to assess the impact of cadmium and lead on the progression of RCC. The disruption of homotypic cell–cell adhesion is an essential step in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Therefore, we examined the impact of cadmium and lead on the cadherin/catenin complex in Renca cells—a mouse RCC cell line. Lead, but not cadmium, induced a concentration-dependent loss of E-cadherin, while cadmium, but not lead, increased p120-catenin expression, specifically isoform 1 expression. Lead also induced a substantial increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. Both cadmium and lead significantly decreased the number of Renca cell aggregates, consistent with the disruption of the cadherin/catenin complex. Both metals enhanced wound healing in a scratch assay, and increased cell migration and invasion. These data suggest that cadmium and lead promote RCC progression.
Evaluation of Saline, Phosphate-Buffered Saline, and Minimum Essential Medium as Potential Alternatives to Viral Transport Media for SARS-CoV-2 Testing.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has caused a global pandemic since being discovered in late 2019.…
Neonatal Seizures in the U.S. National Inpatient Population: Incidence and Outcomes

Background: Seizures is the most frequent neurological manifestation in the neonatal period. Incidence of neonatal seizures has not been well described in literature in relationship with gestational age (GA). Also, the impact of seizures on neonatal mortality has not been quantified. Objective: This study aims to determine:1) The incidence of neonatal seizures in different GA groups from <24 weeks to …
Treatment of keratosis pilaris and its variants: a systematic review.

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common, benign skin condition of follicular hyperkeratosis. Although KP is asymptomatic, the cosmetic appearance of KP can lead to psychosocial distress among patients. ...
Using Markets to Control Invasive Species: Lionfish in the US Virgin Islands

AbstractInvasive lionfish are affecting reef ecosystems along the Gulf Coast and Caribbean. By establishing commercial fisheries and harvesting lionfish in mass, it may be possible to reduce their ...
The informed use of pre-work activities in collaborative asynchronous online discussions: The exploration of idea exchange, content focus, and deep learning

Abstract Asynchronous online discussions (AODs) can fail to benefit student learning in online classes if they are not designed to promote higher-order thinking. AODs can be designed as collaborative learning events that prompt students to go beyond the reproduction of basic content. The purpose of this study was to describe student participation, interaction, and levels of learning in AODs following pre-work activities. The pre-work in this study was conceptualized as socio-cognitive scaffolding. It engaged students in common activities where everyone experienced the same content preparation prior to the AOD. During the AOD students were prompted to share, discuss, and validate their understanding of the content. The study was conducted with 49 students in a graduate-level project management course. Results revealed that students were engaged in discussions of content-related material and showed evidence of deep learning during the AODs. Specifically, students analyzed, evaluated, and synthesized information during the collaboration. Results suggested that pre-work activities can be a promising strategy in the design of AODs.
“Perception bias”: Deciphering a mismatch between urban crime and perception of safety

Abstract Crime and perception of safety are two intertwined concepts affecting the quality of life and the economic development of a society. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the difference between the two due to the lack of granular data documenting public perceptions in a given geographic context. Here, by applying a pre-trained scene understanding algorithm, we infer the perception of safety score of streetscapes for census block groups in the city of Houston using a large number of Google Street View images. Then, using this inferred perception of safety, we create “perception bias” categories for each census block group. These categories capture the level of mismatch between people’s visually perceived safety and the actual crime rates. This measure provides scalable guidance in deciphering the relationship between the built environment and crime. Finally, we construct a series of models to examine the “perception bias” with static and dynamic urban factors, including socioeconomic features (e.g., unemployment rate and ethnic compositions), urban diversity (e.g., number and diversity of Points of Interest), and urban livelihood (i.e., hourly count of visitors). Analytical and numerical results suggest that the association between characteristics of urban space and “perception bias” over crime could be paradoxical. On the one hand, neighborhoods with a higher volume of day-time visitors appear more likely to be safer than it looks (low crime rate and low safety score). On the other hand, those with a higher volume of night-time visitors are likely to be more dangerous than it looks (high crime rate). The findings add further knowledge to the long-recognized relationship between built environment and crime as well as highlight the perception of safety in cities, which in turn enhances our capacity to design urban management strategies that prevent the emergence of extreme “perception bias”.
Reduced Environmental Microbial Diversity on the Cuticle and in the Galleries of a Subterranean Termite Compared to Surrounding Soil

Termites are intimately tied to the microbial world, as they utilize their gut microbiome for the conversion of plant cellulose into necessary nutrients. Subterranean termites must also protect themselves from the vast diversity of harmful microbes found in soil. However, not all soil microbes are harmful, such as Streptomyces and methanotrophic bacteria that some species of termites harbor in complex nest structures made of fecal material. The eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, has a simple nest structure consisting of fecal lined galleries. We tested the hypothesis that R. flavipes maintains a select microbial community in its nests to limit the penetration of harmful soilborne pathogens and favor the growth of beneficial microbes. Using Illumina sequencing, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities in the surrounding soil, in the nest galleries, and on the cuticle of workers. We found that the galleries provide a more beneficial microbial community than the surrounding soil. Bacterial and fungal diversity was highest in the soil, lower in the galleries, and least on the cuticle. Bacterial communities clustered together according to the substrate from which they were sampled, but this clustering was less clear in fungal communities. Most of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa were unique to one substrate, but the soil and gallery communities had very similar phylum-level taxonomic profiles. Notably, the galleries of R. flavipes also harbored both the potentially beneficial Streptomyces and the methanotrophic Methylacidiphilales, indicating that these microbial associations in fecal material pre-date the emergence of complex fecal nest structures. Surprisingly, several pathogenic groups were relatively abundant in the galleries and on the cuticle, suggesting that pathogens may accumulate within termite nests over time while putatively remaining at enzootic level during the lifetime of the colony.
Laplacian spectra of power graphs of certain prime-power Abelian groups

The power graph &#x1d4a2;(S) of a semigroup S is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is S itself, and any two distinct vertices are adjacent if one of them is a power of the other. In this paper, we...
Structure Altering Effects of a Multicomponent Reading Intervention: An Application of the Direct and Inferential Mediation (DIME) Model of Reading Comprehension in Upper Elementary Grades.

We evaluate the direct and inferential mediation (DIME) model for reading comprehension with a sample of struggling readers in Grades 3 to 5 (N = 364) in the context of a large-scale randomized con...
Sustainable routes to amines in recyclable water using ppm Pd catalysis

Reactions are discussed that lead to the valuable amine functional group in aromatics and heteroaromatics, carried out under sustainable conditions in water enabled by micellar catalysis. These new technologies are general and have been successfully applied to intermediates associated with several targets in the pharmaceutical space. Each relies on ppm levels of Pd used either as solubilized catalysts or on the surface of easily formed nanoparticles. These processes also feature opportunities for recycling of the aqueous medium, thereby overall, offering greener, environmentally responsible methods for introducing nitrogen-containing functionality into organic molecules.
The MAP3Ks DLK and LZK direct diverse responses to axon damage in zebrafish peripheral neurons

The MAP3Ks Dual Leucine Kinase (DLK) and Leucine Zipper Kinase (LZK) are essential mediators of axon damage responses, but their responses are varied, complex, and incompletely understood. To characterize their functions in axon injury, we generated zebrafish mutants of each gene, labeled motor neurons (MN) and touch-sensing neurons in live zebrafish, precisely cut their axons with a laser, and assessed the ability of mutant axons to regenerate. DLK and LZK were required redundantly and cell autonomously for axon regeneration in MNs, but not in larval Rohon-Beard (RB) or adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. Surprisingly, in dlk lzk double mutants, the spared branches of wounded RB axons grew excessively, suggesting that these kinases inhibit regenerative sprouting in damaged axons. Uninjured trigeminal sensory axons also grew excessively in mutants when neighboring neurons were ablated, indicating that these MAP3Ks are general inhibitors of sensory axon growth. These results demonstrate that zebrafish DLK and LZK promote diverse injury responses, depending on the neuronal cell identity and type of axonal injury.
Leveraging Case Narratives to Enhance Patient Age Ascertainment from Adverse Event Reports

Missing age presents a significant challenge when evaluating individual case safety reports (ICSRs) in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). When age is missing in an ICSR’s structured field, it may be in the report’s free-text narrative. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and assess the potential impact of a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) tool that utilizes a text string search to identify patients’ numerical age from unstructured narratives. Using FAERS ICSRs from 2002 to 2018, we evaluated the annual proportion of ICSRs with age missing in the structured field before and after NLP application. Reviewers manually identified patients’ age from ICSR narratives (gold standard) from a random sample of 1500 ICSRs. The gold standard was compared to the NLP-identified age. During the study period, the percentage of ICSRs missing age in the structured field increased from 21.9 to 43.8%. The NLP tool performed well among the random sample: sensitivity 98.5%, specificity 92.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) 94.9%, and F-measure 96.7%. It also performed well for the subset of ICSRs missing age in the structured field; when applied to these cases, NLP identified age for an additional one million ICSRs (10% of the total number of ICSRs from 2002 to 2018) and decreased the percentage of ICSRs missing age to 27% overall. NLP has potential utility to extract patients’ age from ICSR narratives. Use of this tool would enhance pharmacovigilance and research using FAERS data.