cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implications for Civilian Postvention Research and Practice

© 2011 Guilford Publications, Inc. Jane L. Pearson, Ph.D., is Chair, NIMH Suicide Research Consortium, Division of Services and Intervention Research in Bethesda, Maryland. The author has no conflicts of interest to report. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. Address correspondence to Jane Pearson, Ph.D., Division of Services and Intervention Research, NIMH, Rm 7139, MSC 9635, 6001 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: jp36u@nih.gov Commentary Pearson
Percutaneous profunda femoris artery revascularization to prevent hip disarticulation: case series and review of the literature

Abstract Background Little is known about the role of percutaneous revascularization of the profunda femoral artery (PFA) in patients with amputation stump ischemia who are at risk of hip disarticulation. Methods We identified 4 patients who were treated for persistent amputation stump ischemia by PFA percutaneous revascularization over a 3-year period. All 4 patients had significant cardiopulmonary comorbidities and 2 patients had at least 3 previous groin surgeries. The short- and long-term outcomes of the patients were evaluated with regard to stump salvage, wound healing rate, complications, and mortality rate. Results Technical success was 100% with no procedure-related complications. All 4 patients had multilevel vascular disease involving the iliac, common femoral artery, and the profunda femoral artery. All 4 patients were treated with angioplasty and/or stenting of the PFA. The amputation stump was closed primarily in 3 patients and 1 amputation stump was closed with a skin graft. One patient died during the same hospital stay shortly after declining hemodialysis. Three patients are alive at a mean follow-up period of 9 months (range, 5–14 mo). Conclusions Percutaneous PFA revascularization should be considered, over open revascularization, in patients with persistent above-knee amputation stump ischemia and multiple previous groin surgeries to avoid hip disarticulation.
Transverse Deformation of Parton Distributions and Transversity Decomposition of Angular Momentum

Impact parameter dependent parton distributions are transversely distorted when one considers transversely polarized nucleons and/or quarks. This provides a physical mechanism for the $T$-odd Sivers effect in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. The transverse distortion can also be connected with Ji's quark angular momentum relation. The distortion of chirally odd impact parameter dependent parton distributions is related to chirally odd generalized parton distributions (GPDs). This result is used to provide a decomposition of the quark angular momentum with respect to (w.r.t.) quarks of definite transversity. Chirally odd GPDs can thus be used to determine the correlation between quark spin and quark angular momentum in unpolarized nucleons. Based on the transverse distortion, we also suggest a qualitative connection between chirally odd GPDs and the Boer-Mulders effect.
Disruption of the protein kinase N gene of Drosophila melanogaster Results in the Recessive delorean Allele (pkndln) With a Negative Impact on Wing Morphogenesis

We describe the delorean mutation of the Drosophila melanogaster protein kinase N gene ( pkndln ) with defects in wing morphology. Flies homozygous for the recessive pkndln allele have a composite wing phenotype that exhibits changes in relative position and shape of the wing blade as well as loss of specific vein and bristle structures. The pkndln allele is the result of a P -element insertion in the first intron of the pkn locus, and the delorean wing phenotype is contingent upon the interaction of insertion-bearing alleles in trans . The presence of the insertion results in production of a novel transcript that initiates from within the 3′ end of the P -element. The delorean -specific transcript is predicted to produce a wild-type PKN protein. The delorean phenotype is not the result of a reduction in pkn expression, as it could not be recreated using a variety of wing-specific drivers of pkn -RNAi expression. Rather, it is the presence of the delorean -specific transcript that correlates with the mutant phenotype. We consider the delorean wing phenotype to be due to a pairing-dependent, recessive mutation that behaves as a dosage-sensitive, gain of function. Our analysis of genetic interactions with [basket][1] and [nemo][2] reflects an involvement of pkn and Jun-terminal kinase signaling in common processes during wing differentiation and places PKN as a potential effector of Rho1’s involvement in the Jun-terminal kinase pathway. The delorean phenotype, with its associated defects in wing morphology, provides evidence of a role for PKN in adult morphogenetic processes. [1]: http://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0000229.html [2]: http://flybase.org/reports/FBgn0011817.html
US Housing Policy in the Age of Obama: From Crisis to Stasis

Abstract This policy review assesses the condition of the housing sector in the United States nearly five years after the nation's housing bubble collapsed in 2007, triggering the nation's worst financial crisis and economic recession since the 1930s. The paper reviews key trends in housing construction, sales, prices, and mortgage arrears and foreclosure, and it examines trends in housing affordability. The paper then assesses the most important housing policies of the Obama administration, focusing first on those that address the mortgage foreclosure crisis, then on those relating to other policy priorities. The paper highlights some of the shortcomings in the design of the administration's programmes, and the inability of the administration to take additional measures to address the nation's housing problems after the Republicans gained control of Congress in the elections of 2010.
Obstruction of systemic pulmonary arterial shunts by diagnostic cardiac catheters.

Accurate assessment of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance are essential in children who may be candidates for Fontan's operation.1,2 In many such children, pulmonary blood flow is supplied primarily or entirely by systemic pulmonary arterial shunts. Because such shunts are frequently <5 mm in diameter, we proposed that passage of diagnostic cardiac catheters across these structures could partially obstruct the shunts, resulting in artifactually low measured pulmonary artery pressure and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance. This hypothesis was tested in an artificial circulation model and confirmed by clinical observations.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for oxytetracycline residues in sheep.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) for oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in sheep was developed using previously published data from a combined serum pharmacokinetic and tissue residue study [Craigmill et al. (2000) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 23, 345]. Physiological parameters for organ weights and tissue blood flows were obtained from the literature. The tissue/ serum partition coefficients for OTC were estimated from the serum and tissue residue data obtained at slaughter. The model was developed to include all of the tissues for which residue data were available (serum, kidney, liver, fat, muscle and injection site), and all of the remaining tissues were combined into a slowly perfused compartment with low permeability. Total body clearance of OTC calculated in the previous study was used as the starting value for clearance in the PBPK model, with the kidney being the only eliminating organ. The model was built using ACSL (Advanced Continuous Simulation Language) Graphic Modeler®, and the model was fit to the serum and tissue data using the ACSL Math/Optimizer® software (AEgis Technologies Group, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA). A sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine which parameters had the greatest effect on the goodness of fit. Numerous strategies were tested to model the injection site, and a model providing a biexponential absorption of the drug from the injection bolus gave the best fit to the experimental data. The model was validated using the clearance parameters calculated from the traditional pharmacokinetic model for each individual animal in the PBPK model. This simple PBPK model well predicted OTC residues in sheep tissues after intramuscular dosing with a long-acting preparation and may find use for other species and other veterinary drugs.
Alert Fusion for a Computer Host Based Intrusion Detection System

Intrusions impose tremendous threats to today's computer hosts. Intrusions using security breaches to achieve unauthorized access or misuse of critical information can have catastrophic consequences. To protect computer hosts from the increasing threat of intrusion, various kinds of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been developed. The main disadvantages of current IDSs are a high false detection rate and the lack of post-intrusion decision support capability. To minimize these drawbacks, we propose an event-driven intrusion detection architecture which integrates subject-verb-object (SVO) multi-point monitors and an impact analysis engine. Alert fusion and verification models are implemented to provide more reasonable intrusion information from incomplete, inconsistent or imprecise alerts acquired by SVO monitors. DEVS formalism is used to describe the model based design approach. Finally we use the DEVS-JAVA simulation tool to show the feasibility of the proposed system
Scaling of the Nucleation Rate and a Monte Carlo Discrete Sum Approach to Water Cluster Free Energies of Formation

The intent of this work is to examine small cluster discrete size effects and their effect on the free energy of cluster formation. There is evidence that such terms can cancel in part the temperature dependence of the monomer flux factor of the classical nucleation rate and result in a scaled form for the nucleation rate. In this work, Monte Carlo configurational free energy differences between neighboring sized n molecule TIP4P water clusters are calculated and used in a Monte Carlo discrete summation (MCDS) technique to generate steady-state nucleation rates. The free energy differences, when plotted versus n-1/3, show evidence of a bulklike effective surface tension for n ≥ 10, and for the range of T examined the free energy differences appear to scale in temperature like (Tc/T − 1). This scaling can provide estimates of nucleation rates for arbitrary temperatures within the range of T simulated. Nucleation rates generated from the model TIP4P free energy differences are compared with the experimental...
Bovine thrombin-induced inhibitor of factor V and bleeding risk in postoperative neurosurgical patients. Report of three cases.

✓ Three patients are reported who developed topical bovine thrombin-induced antibodies to clotting factor V following neurosurgical procedures. In each patient the coagulopathy occurred within 8 to 13 days following exposure to topical bovine thrombin at surgery. Two of the three had previously been exposed to bovine thrombin during cardiothoracic surgery. The three patients were identified by detection of a prolonged prothrombin time, ranging from 20.5 to 39.8 seconds. The patient with the highest factor V level (0.12 U/ml) experienced gastrointestinal bleeding, which ceased when the factor V level increased to more than 0.20 U/ml. One patient required a ventriculostomy. In that case the prothrombin time and factor V level failed to improve following administration of vitamin K, 10 units of fresh frozen plasma, and platelet transfusions; the factor V level temporarily increased from 0.03 to 0.32 U/ml following a 2-day course of intravenous gamma globulin (1 gm/kg/day). Plasmapheresis has also been report...
Effects of acidemia and sodium bicarbonate therapy in advanced cardiac life support.

Cardiac output using the currently recommended closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique is marginal (
Copper dispersion in ephemeral stream sediments

Sediment transport related parameters in ephemeral streams may be used to model and delineate: (1) average dispersion patterns of copper-laden sediments; (2) differences in dispersion of copper in bedload and suspended sediments; and (3) variability in the copper-sediment dispersion patterns. A model that effectively describes dispersion of copper in ephemeral stream sediments in a simple mixing model: where Cr is the resultant concentration beneath the confluence of the main channel with a tributary, Ct is the concentration of metal in sediments of the tributary, Cm is the metal concentration in main channel sediments, and Xm and Xt are the basin areas or sediment yields of the main channel and tributary channel at their confluence. Variability in metal concentrations about values predicted by this model may be due to the different responses of bedload and suspended load to changes in stream hydraulics, the dynamics of bedload transport, the spatial and temporal variability rainfall within the drainage basin, and chemical mobility of the copper.
Close the Textbook & Open “The Cell: An Image Library”

Many students leave the biology classroom with misconceptions centered on cellular structure. This article presents an activity in which students utilize images from an online database called “The Cell: An Image Library” (http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/) to gain a greater understanding of the diversity of cellular structure and the correlation of a cell’s structure to its function. Additionally, students develop an awareness of the structural variation of organelles across organisms.
Parametric design of the traction motor and energy storage for series hybrid off-road and military vehicles

Focusing on off-road and military hybrid vehicles, this paper fundamentally studied the design and the impact of the traction motor drive characteristics on vehicle performance, transmission requirement, energy storage, and reliability. This study focused to the impact of the extended speed of the motor drives on their power ratings, and therefore, of the energy storage size for given acceleration and gradeability specifications. Furthermore, hybrid electric energy storage, consisting of batteries and ultracapacitors, is investigated, in which batteries are used as the energy source and ultracapacitors as the power source. This hybrid energy storage can be much more compact and lighter than either the batteries or the ultracapacitors alone as the energy storage. All the data used in the paper is based on a 10-ton series hybrid off-road military vehicle
The Role of Psychiatric Assessment in the Management of Functional Bowel Disease

The gastroenterologist is faced every day with patients who have a psychiatric illness as a primary significant diagnosis. This encounter occurs frequently because certain of the psychiatric illnesses can have gastrointestinal symptoms as a presenting complaints. Most important among these are depression and hysteria, which can present with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, a change in bowel habits, and abdominal pain. Table I lists the psychiatric disorders which can present with primary intestinal complaints. The psychiatric disorders which do not present with primary gastrointestinal complaints are also interesting, as they include some diagnoses considered to be associated with some intestinal disorders. Those psychiatric disorders not usually presenting with GI symptoms include schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorders (mania), phobic neurosis, obsessive compulsive neurosis, and personality disorders. Personality disorders are seen with functional GI disorders, but the association is often unrelated to the presenting complaints.
Does Removing/Replacing Missing Values Improve The Models' Classification Performances?

The paper explores the effect of removing/replacing missing values on the classification performance of several models. The original data set, which contains a relatively large number of missing values, comes from the credit scoring context. This data set was not used to build the models, but it was converted to five other data sets with missing values either removed or replaced using different techniques. The models were built and tested on the five data sets. Preliminary computer simulation showed that the models created and tested on the four data sets in which missing values were replaced exhibited significantly better predictive performance than the model built and tested on the data set with missing values removed.
The anisotropy of hexagonal close-packed and liquid interface free energy using molecular dynamics simulations based on modified embedded-atom method

Abstract This work aims to comprehensively study the anisotropy of the hexagonal close-packed (HCP)-liquid interface free energy using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the modified-embedded atom method (MEAM). As a case study, all the simulations are performed for Magnesium (Mg). The solid–liquid coexisting approach is used to accurately calculate the melting point and melting properties. Then, the capillary fluctuation method (CFM) is used to determine the HCP-liquid interface free energy (γ) and anisotropy parameters. In CFM, a continuous order parameter is employed to accurately locate the HCP-liquid interface location, and the HCP symmetry-adapted spherical harmonics are used to expand γ in terms of its anisotropy parameters (e20, e40, e60 and e66). Eight slip and twinning planes (basal, two prismatic, two pyramidal, and three twinning planes) are considered as the HCP-liquid interface planes. An average HCP-liquid interface free energy of 122.2 (mJ/m2), non-zero e20, e40, and e66 parameters, and approximately zero e60 parameter for Mg are predicted. Using these findings, the first preferred dendrite growth direction in solidification of Mg is predicted as [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] , which is in agreement with experiments. Also, a second preferred dendrite growth direction for Mg is predicted as [ 33 6 ¯ 2 ] .
Study of K+ pi- Scattering in the Reaction K+ p ---> K+ pi- Delta++ at 12-GeV/c

We have studied ${K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ elastic scattering in the reaction ${K}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$ at $12 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ and in the $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass interval 800 to 1000 MeV. We have performed a partial-wave analysis in this $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ mass region, dominated by the $p$-wave resonance ${K}^{*}(890)$, in order to obtain information about the $s$-wave amplitude. We have extrapolated the ${K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ moments, the total cross section, and $p$-wave cross section to the pion pole. The $p$-wave cross section is close to the unitarity limit and can be described by a Breit-Wigner resonance form, with parameters $M=896\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ MeV and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=47\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ MeV. We then perform an energy-independent phase-shift analysis of the extrapolated moments and total cross section using this Breit-Wigner form for the $p$ wave and a previously determined small negative phase shift for the $I=\frac{3}{2}s$ wave. For the $I=\frac{1}{2}s$-wave phase shift we find the so called "down" solution, which has a phase shift that rises slowly from 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} at $M(K\ensuremath{\pi})=800$ MeV to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} at $M(K\ensuremath{\pi})=1000$ MeV. The energy dependence of this phase shift is well described by an effective range form, with a scattering length ${a}_{0}^{1}=\ensuremath{-}0.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ F. The so-called "up" solution is eliminated or has large ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ everywhere except for two overlapping mass intervals at $M(K\ensuremath{\pi})=890 \mathrm{and} 900$ MeV. However, due to limited statistics, we expect two solutions for the $s$ wave very near the mass where the $p$ wave is resonant. We then perform an energy-dependent partial-wave analysis and find again no evidence for an $s$-wave resonance although, due to limited statistics, we could not exclude one at 890 MeV with $\ensuremath{\Gamma}l7$ MeV.
Gas Adsorption Characteristics of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques

We report an experimental investigation of the adsorption properties of two important small-pore metal–organic framework (MOF) materials recently identified for gas separation applications, through the development and use of a high-pressure/high-temperature quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device. In particular, we characterize in detail the CO2, CH4, and N2 adsorption characteristics of the MOFs Cu(4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bisbenzoate)1.5 (referred to as Cu–hfipbb) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90). We first describe the construction of a QCM-based adsorption measurement apparatus. Single-component adsorption isotherms of CO2, CH4, and N2 in the two MOFs were then measured at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C and pressures ranging from 0.3 to 110 psi. In both materials, the order of adsorption strength is CO2 > CH4 > N2. We find that adsorption in the 1-D channels of Cu–hfipbb can be well described by a single-site Langmuir model. On the other hand, adsorption in ZIF-90 follows a ...
Genomic and expression analysis of transition proteins in Drosophila

The current study was aimed at analyzing putative protein sequences of the transition protein-like proteins in 12 Drosophila species based on the reference sequences of transition protein-like protein (Tpl (94D) ) expressed in Drosophila melanogaster sperm nuclei. Transition proteins aid in transforming chromatin from a histone-based nucleosome structure to a protamine-based structure during spermiogenesis - the post-meiotic stage of spermatogenesis. Sequences were obtained from NCBI Ref-Seq database using NCBI ORF-Finder (PSI-BLAST). Sequence alignments and analysis of the amino acid content indicate that orthologs for Tpl (94D) are present in the melanogaster species subgroup (D. simulans, D. sechellia, D. erecta, and D. yakuba), D. ananassae, and D. pseudoobscura, but absent in D. persmilis, D. willistoni, D. mojavensis, D. virilis, and D. grimshawi. Transcriptome next generation sequence (RNA-Seq) data for testes and ovaries was used to conduct differential gene expression analysis for Tpl (94D) in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. yakuba, D. ananassae, and D. pseudoobscura. The identified Tpl (94D) orthologs show high expression in the testes as compared to the ovaries. Additionally, 2 isoforms of Tpl (94D) were detected in D. melanogaster with isoform A being much more highly expressed than isoform B. Functional analyses of the conserved region revealed that the same high mobility group (HMG) box/DNA binding region is conserved for both Drosophila Tpl (94D) and Drosophila protamine-like proteins (MST35Ba and MST35Bb). Based on the rigorous bioinformatic approach and the conservation of the HMG box reported in this work, we suggest that the Drosophila Tpl (94D) orthologs should be classified as their own transition protein group.
Implementation and Development of Specific Inspection about CANDU of TQNPP

According to rules and codes of National Nuclear Safety,Shanghai Regional Office(SRO) carried out the specific inspecting items in commissioning of CANDU,Third Qinshan Nuclear Power COMPANY Ltd.(TQNP).In operation stage,SRO widened the scope,content and method of specific in- spections.This paper summarizes the implementation of specific inspections and the experiences of imple- menting specific inspections by Shanghai Regional Office.
Remembering Manuel Cardona

I remember the first time I heard of Manuel Cardona. It was my undergraduate advisor, Aron Pinczuk, who told me about him and the contacts he had with Argentina, as he was busily writing a chapter with Elias Burstein for the original book of the series on Light Scattering in Solids. Soon after, it was a letter from Aron what persuaded Cardona to offer me in 1974 a fellowship to pursue graduate studies in Germany.
Spring Clip Tubal Occlusion: A Report of the First 400 Cases *

Between September 1972 and March 1974, laparoscopic tubal sterilization was performed on 394 patients with the use of a spring-loaded plastic clip under local analgesia and on an outpatient basis. Intravenous fentanyl and infra-umbilical infiltration and tubal spray with 1% lidocaine were found to be very acceptable and effective forms of analgesia. The average time spent by a patient in the hospital was 4 hours, 26 minutes. There was no major immediate complications apart from vasovagal reactions in 34 patients. Up to June 30, 1974, six patients in the series had become pregnant, not as a failure of the clip per se, but as a result of improper application of the clips. This seems to be a safe, simple, and effective method of female sterilization with great potentials of reversibility.
Optimal Experimental Design

In environmental and water resource (EWR) engineering, different types of design problems exist, such as operation design, monitoring design, detection design, and remediation design. This chapter is devoted to the subject of experimental design for model calibration and parameter estimation. Experimental design plays a critical role in model construction because the reliability of a model is mainly dependent on the quantity and quality of data used for its calibration. In other words, the experimental design dictates how data should be collected in field campaigns and how many observations are needed. An optimal experimental design (OED), when it is executed, should provide the maximum amount of information with the minimum cost. Basic concepts, theories, and methods of OED are well established in statistics and have been applied to various scientific and engineering disciplines.
Evaluating Instream Flow Programs: Innovative Approaches and Persistent Challenges in the Western United States

This chapter will provide a brief overview of several approaches taken to recognize instream flow rights and integrate those rights within the overall water rights allocation system adopted by states in the western United States.
The Morality of Pricing: Just Prices and Moral Traders

A central function of money is as a unit of account and this raises moral questions; most notably, what price a good should bear. It is not a question of what things should have a price. That some things ought not to be priced, or that pricing them is morally hazardous, does not mean that when we come to things which can be priced, any questions morality might ask concerning that price are thereby irrelevant or mistaken.
Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown Occurs Early After Traumatic Brain Injury and is not Related to White Blood Cell Adherence

The time course of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has important implications for therapy. This study was conducted in order to test post-traumatic BBB dysfunction in a model of fluid-percussion induced TBI in rabbits at 1 and 6 hours after TBI and relate it to white blood cell (WBC) activation. Ten anesthetized rabbits had chronic cranial windows implanted three weeks prior to experimentation. Fluid-percussion injury (3.5 atm.) was induced and animals were followed for 1 or 6 h. Intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy was used to assess BBB permeability and WBC adhesion to pial venules. Na+-fluores-cein was infused continuously over 30 min at either 30 min (Group I, n = 5) or 5.5 h (Group II, n = 5) after TBI. Microvascular permeability in individual postcapillary venules was assessed qualitatively at 1 and 30 min after start of infusion. TBI led to a transient mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) surge after trauma and a progressive increase in the number of sticking WBCs per mm2 vessel wall. Na+-fluorescein extravasation was observed in 4 out of 5 Group I animals and in none of Group II. BBB breakdown was not associated with WBC sticking. We conclude that after fluid-percussion injury the BBB is damaged at 1 h post-trauma and that its function is restored 6 h later. Increased WBC sticking at 6 h is not associated with BBB breakdown. Whether WBCs may cause vascular permeability changes at a later point needs further investigation.
Risk stratification for patients having peripheral vascular surgery

Source Citation Wong T, Detsky AS. Preoperative cardiac risk assessment for patients having peripheral vascular surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1992 May 1;116:743-53.
Relationship between tissue factor expression by human pancreatic cancer cells and activation of coagulation and thrombosis in a mouse model.

e14505 Background: The increased risk of thrombosis in patients with cancer has been well established. However, the triggers in these patients have yet to be fully defined. Under pathological conditions, the potent procoagulant protein Tissue Factor (TF) is found in the circulation and may trigger thrombosis. Methods: We evaluated the level of TF expression in 4 different human pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also measured TF microparticle (MP) release from these tumors in vivo by flow cytometry and TF activity assay. We then used these lines in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer to evaluate the sources of TF that activate coagulation and contribute to thrombosis using a saphenous vein model. Results: We found that mice bearing orthotopic pancreatic tumors which express higher levels of TF (HPAC and HPAF) show increased activation of coagulation (measured by thrombin-antithrombin complex) as compared to mice bearing TF negative tumors (MIA-PaCa-2 and PANC-1). This activation of coagulation could be reduc...
Implications of human trafficking in Asia: a scoping review of aftercare initiatives centered on economic development.

The trafficking of persons is one of the most egregious violations of human rights in modern society. Given the disproportionate effects across demographic categories of age and gender, as well as ...
Gastrointestinal Responses to Dietary Fiber

Various sources of dietary fiber can slow the process of digestion and absorption of macronutrients. It is likely that the physical properties of fiber sources such as particle size, viscosity, water-holding capacity and gel formation, and bile acid binding capacity are important in determining the effect of a fiber source on gastrointestinal function and nutrient absorption. The effects of fiber on gastrointestinal function have recently been reviewed (Schneeman, 1987, 1989; Vahouny and Cassidy, 1985) and several mechanisms have been suggested by which the physical properties of fiber slow digestion and absorption. In reviewing the experimental evidence it is clear that dietary fibers can affect the functioning of all of the gastrointestinal organs. For example, viscous polysaccharides slow gastric emptying and hence the rate of nutrient delivery to the small intestine. Within the small intestine various types of fiber can interfere with digestive enzyme activity, slow diffusion and mixing, and bind components from micelles.
Utilitarianism and the New Liberalism: Between utilitarianism and perfectionism: L. T. Hobhouse

INTRODUCTION This chapter hopes to show that Hobhouse's new liberalism was unquestionably good-promoting but not good-aggregating. Hence, it was quintessentially consequentialist through and through. I will also contend, somewhat more controversially, that his new liberalism was unconventionally utilitarian; at least it was as unconventionally utilitarian as Mill's consequentialism was. Like Mill, who influenced him extensively, Hobhouse equated good with happiness though not with pleasure. And like Green, who influenced his thinking in equal degree, he theorized happiness in terms of self-realization, making his consequentialism perfectionist as least as much as Mill's if not as much as Green's. Though plainly consequentialist and perfectionist, if not obviously utilitarian in any more conventional sense, Hobhouse's new liberalism was equally firmly committed to strong moral rights and the flourishing of individuality. His new liberalism, then, was as robustly juridical and as authentically liberal as it was fundamentally consequentialist and perfectionist. And because it was perfectionist like Green's new liberalism, I prefer to take Hobhouse up after discussing Green. Although Ritchie follows Green chronologically rather than Hobhouse, Ritchie was not a perfectionist and was therefore more of a conventional utilitarian like Hobson. For this reason, and also because Ritchie and Hobson were less preoccupied with moral theory than either Green or Hobhouse, I discuss Ritchie and Hobson subsequently. In sum, consequentialist practical reasoning infused Hobhouse's new liberalism as much as, or even more than, it infused Green's.
Neurologic basis of sleep: an overview

Over the last century significant advances in technology and science have provided us with a better understanding of the regulation and control of the sleep-wake cycle. Characterization of normal sleep and wakefulness has naturally led to the identification and classification of normal variants and a myriad of sleep disorders. Recent discoveries have begun to uncover the intricate relationships between nutrition, diet, and sleep. This chapter provides a very basic review of sleep-wake regulation, states of alertness, and physiologic correlates to lay the foundation in sleep medicine for which the reader will build upon as they delve into subsequent chapters.
Two Propositions on the Global Univalence of Systems of Cost Function

This chapter discusses two propositions on the global univalence of systems of cost function. This chapter explains the global univalence problem for cost functions. The chapter presents the proposition that in the Samuelson−Nikaido theorem, the restrictions on the principal minors of the input share matrix are irrelevant; all that matters is that the determinant of SF(w) be uniformly bounded away from zero. This provides a global univalence theorem for systems of cost functions with domain R l ++ . The chapter also presents the proposition that in the context of cost functions with domain R l + , the Gale−Nikaido (GN) conditions can be substantially weakened. The weakened conditions are of the same nature that the ones obtained in Mas-Colell for general C 1 functions defined on compact polyhedra. The first proposition can be applied only if isocost surfaces are unbounded. This is an unduly strong requirement. The second proposition generalizes the GN theorem as applied to systems of homogeneous functions on R l + .
The Loads on a Running Ski

To analyze the forces acting on a ski during a traverse, refer to Figs. 4.5(a) and 4.5(b) in Chapter 4, p. 92, which depicts a skier running down an incline at an angle β from a horizontal line on the slope. Figure 4.5(b) illustrates the force diagram for the case illustrated in Fig. 4.5(a). The skier’s weight W may be resolved into force components normal to the slope, F N , and down the fall line, F S , as follows: $$ \begin{array}{l}W = {F_N} + {F_{S,}} \\{F_N} = W\cos \alpha ,\quad {F_S} = W\sin \alpha \\\end{array} $$ (T3.1) .
Effects of Mulch Made From Flurprimidol Treated Zinnia, Silver Maple, and White Ash on Growth of Zinnia

Abstract Potential for carryover of flurprimidol in mulch derived from landscape plants and trees treated with this tree growth regulator and its effects on plants were investigated. Flurprimidol (Cutless®) was applied as a soil drench to the growing medium of greenhouse grown zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Scarlet’) at six concentrations ranging from 0.0016 to 5 mg/kg (0.00000003 to 0.0001 oz/lb) and as solid tree implants (0.2 g a.i./cm diameter) (0.018 oz/in) to plantation grown silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L). Shoots of zinnia were collected three weeks after treatment with flurprimidol and the leaves and one-year-old twigs of the two tree species were collected 1, 6, and 18 months after treatment. Tissues were ground into small particles and either mixed with the growing medium or applied to the surface of pots containing zinnia. Low concentrations of flurprimidol (0.0016 to 0.04 mg/kg soil) (0.00000003 to 0.0000006 oz/lb) stimulated the growth of zinnia, wherea...
Ballistic performance of composite metal foam against large caliber threats

Abstract The goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Composite Metal Foam (CMF) armors against 0.50 caliber ballistic threats. A hard armor was manufactured using a sandwich panel construction consisting of a ceramic faceplate, a CMF core, and a thin aluminum back plate. The hard armor system was tested against 0.50 caliber (12.7 × 99 mm) ball and armor piercing (AP) rounds. The CMF armors were tested with a variety of areal densities at impact velocities between 500 and 885 m/s. The armors stopped the threats at speeds up to 819 m/s without penetration. The CMF layer was found to absorb 73–76% and 69–79% of the kinetic energy of the ball and AP round respectively. When compared to rolled homogeneous steel armor (RHA), the CMF hard armors, in their current unoptimized condition, have a mass efficiency ratio of approximately 2.1. The CMF armor offers a much needed weight savings without sacrificing protection. Finite element analysis was completed using ANSYS/AUTODYN Explicit Dynamics solver to study the material interactions and impact. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Distance scaling and polarization of electric-field noise in a surface ion trap

We probe electric-field noise in a surface ion trap for ion-surface distances $d$ between 50 and 300 \textmu{}m in the normal and planar directions. We find the noise distance dependence to scale as ${d}^{\ensuremath{-}2.6}$ in our trap and a frequency dependence which is consistent with $1/f$ noise. Simulations of the electric-field noise specific to our trap geometry provide evidence that we are not limited by technical noise sources. Our distance scaling data is consistent with a noise correlation length of about 100 \textmu{}m at the trap surface, and we discuss how patch potentials of this size would be modified by the electrode geometry.
Using Historical Islamic Sources to Promote Ethical Character

This article provides a survey of the development of Islamic ethical literature. It argues that this literature promotes not only submission to Allah Almighty and the divine law, it also portrays ethics as a path that offers a peaceful inner life and elicits cooperative behavior from others. This article surveys the most significant literary forms currently available in Persian and English from the first six centuries of Islamic civilization produced in West, South and Central Asia that provide appealing sources of ethics.1 It demonstrates that the variations in style and format of this literature derives from the efforts of Muslim poets, viziers, teachers and scholars to overcome the political difficulties in challenging corruption, tyranny and oppression. It argues that this literature offers an antidote to antagonistic Western stereotypes of Islam and also provides inspiration to teachers, parents and active citizens throughout the world. This article is divided into three sections. The first section summarizes five reasons to study Islamic ethics, the second section goes on to define the term Islamic ethics and the third section explains the historical development of both Arabic and Persian as modern languages which were used to promote ethics. This background allows for the discussion in the body of the paper extolling the character and benefits of eight forms of literature taken in the historical sequence of their appearance. It concludes that this literature is of great value for people around the world; the more the non-Muslims learn of this literature, the more highly they will appreciate their Muslim neighbors for their ethical ideals and human values.
Weight Loss for Patients With Obesity: An Analysis of Long-Term Electronic Health Record Data.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported that losing as little as 5% of one's total body weight (TBW) can improve health, but no studies have used electronic health record data to examine long-term changes in weight, particularly for adults with severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m]. OBJECTIVE To measure long-term weight changes and examine their predictors for adults in a large academic health care system. RESEARCH DESIGN Observational study. SUBJECTS We included 59,816 patients aged 18-70 years who had at least 2 BMI measurements 5 years apart. Patients who were underweight, pregnant, diagnosed with cancer, or had undergone bariatric surgery were excluded. MEASURES Over a 5-year period: (1) ≥5% TBW loss; (2) weight loss into a nonobese BMI category (BMI <30 kg/m); and (3) predictors of %TBW change via quantile regression. RESULTS Of those with class 2 or 3 obesity, 24.2% and 27.8%, respectively, lost at least 5% TBW. Only 3.2% and 0.2% of patients with class 2 and 3 obesity, respectively, lost enough weight to attain a BMI <30 kg/m. In quantile regression, the median weight change for the population was a net gain of 2.5% TBW. CONCLUSIONS Although adults with severe obesity were more likely to lose at least 5% TBW compared with overweight patients and patients with class 1 obesity, sufficient weight loss to attain a nonobese weight class was very uncommon. The pattern of ongoing weight gain found in our study population requires solutions at societal and health systems levels.
Linear-time Interval Algorithm For Time-varying Power Flow

Balanced steady operation state in power networks changes over time. Traditional power flow algorithm is focused on the steady operation state under a certain time point and calculates the corresponding voltage and power distributions for given nodal power injections and network topology. A linear-time interval algorithm for time-varying power flow is first proposed in this paper, which is focused on the balanced operation state under a time interval and computes the voltage and power distributions at any time point via a time-varying function, through which the power flow time-varying process is well represented in steady-date power networks. In this paper, a linear-time interval regarding nodal power injections is defined, in which the norms of nodal voltage derivatives and Jacobian matrix are analyzed, a combined time-varying nodal voltage function is proposed, and a linear-time interval algorithm for time-varying power flow with high accuracy is finally achieved, which is leveraged for simplifying the complexity of solving non-linear dynamic time-varying problems. Simulation case studies on IEEE 5-bus and modified 118-bus systems have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
The International Integrated Photonic Systems Roadmap: defining the destination and the path (Conference Presentation)

Electronic-photonic integration is the system-level solution to scaling bandwidth density at constant cost and energy. The end point is one interconnected, world-wide ‘data center’ with resources virtualized and provisioned as services. The IPSR-I consists of reports from 17 International Technology Working Groups that define the consensus timelines, applications and component technologies that enable the required scaling. Component performance will scale with integration. Parallelism is architectural scaling paradigm. Virtualization is functional scaling paradigm. This presentation will summarize the consensus requirements and solutions for information hardware evolution during the next two decades.
An elongate hadrosaurid forelimb with biological traces informs the biogeography of the Lambeosaurinae

Although the fossil record of the Late Cretaceous eastern North American landmass Appalachia is poor compared to that from the American West, it includes material from surprisingly aberrant terrestrial vertebrates that may represent relictual forms persisting in relative isolation until the end of the Mesozoic. One intriguing question is to what extent eastern and western North American faunas interspersed following the closure of the Western Interior Seaway during the Maastrichtian Stage of the Late Cretaceous ca. 70 Ma. Isolated remains from the Atlantic Coastal Plain in New Jersey have been preliminarily identified as the bones of crested lambeosaurine hadrosaurids, a derived clade known from the Cretaceous of Asia, western North America, and Europe, but have not been formally described. We describe the partial forelimb of a large hadrosaurid from the late Maastrichtian New Egypt Formation of New Jersey. The ulna preserves multiple deep scores identifiable as shark feeding marks, and both bones show ovoid and circular marks attributable to invertebrates. This forelimb is very similar to another partial antebrachium from the same area that shows evidence of septic arthritis. Both these specimens and a complete humerus from the same unit are closely comparable to the lower forelimbs of lambeosaurines among hadrosaurid dinosaurs. Although the absence of lambeosaurine synapomorphies observable on the New Egypt Formation forelimbs precludes their definite referral to Lambeosaurinae, they show that a morphotype of large hadrosauromorph with distinctly elongate forelimbs existed in the latest Maastrichtian of eastern North America and allow for a revision of the latest Cretaceous biogeography of crested herbivorous dinosaurs.
Superjammed: Tunable and Morphable Spanning Structures Through Granular Jamming

This paper introduces a method of post-tensioning granular jammed structures to achieve horizontal spans that can be tuned and morphed, as well as withstand significant vertical loads. The paper be...
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A Versatile, Well-Tolerated, and Effective Treatment Option for Extracranial Metastases From Primary Ovarian and Uterine Cancer.

Purpose: Single extracranial metastases from ovarian and uterine malignancies have historically been treated with surgery or conventional radiation. We report mature local control (LC), overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and toxicity for patients who completed 5 fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven, single extracranial metastases from primary ovarian and uterine malignancies treated with 5-fraction SBRT were included. Patients were stratified based on tumor volume (small 50 cc) and dose (low dose 35 Gy). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate LC, OS and PFS. Results: Between July 2007- July 2012, 20 patients underwent SBRT to a single extracranial metastasis. Primary site was divided evenly between ovarian and uterine (n=10 each). Metastases involved the liver (30%), abdominal lymph nodes (25%), lung (20%), pelvic lymph nodes (10%), spine (10%) and extremity (5%). The median gross tumor volume (GTV) was 42.5 cc (range, 5 - 273 cc) and the median dose to the GTV was 35 Gy (range, 30 - 50 Gy). At a median follow-up of 56 months, the 5-year LC and OS estimates were 73% and 46%. When stratified by tumor volume, the 5-year LC and OS for small tumors were significantly better at 100% (p 10 years). Treatment was generally well tolerated and only one patient experienced a late grade III musculoskeletal SBRT related toxicity Conclusions: SBRT is a versatile, well-tolerated, and effective treatment option for single extracranial metastases from ovarian and uterine primary tumors. 35 Gy in 5 fractions appears to be a practical minimum effective dose. Four patients with small metastases were disease free at the study completion and considered cured. However, patients with larger metastases (>50 cc) may require higher SBRT dosing or alternative treatments.
In Vivo Characterization of Partial-Thickness Burn Injuries Using THz Time-Domain Spectral Imaging in a Porcine Model

THz imaging is a promising modality to improve the standard-of-care for patients with partial thickness burn injuries. In this study, we show the accuracy and efficacy of THz-TDSI for characterizing and monitoring burn wounds in a porcine model. We show that our new THz hyperspectral metric, $Z$ , can differentiate between partial-thickness burns against their histologically determined depths of injury ( $p ).