cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of chlorine on gold-titanium thin films

In this study the effect of a small concentration of chlorine on gold-titanium metallization was investigated. Samples were prepared by deposition of gold and titanium layers on a glass substrate. Samples were exposed at 75, 135 and 175° C for 53 days to an argon atmosphere and to an argon atmosphere containing 50 ppm chlorine. In all cases the electrical resistance of the exposed samples decreased and the addition of chlorine made this decrease even larger. Depending on the conditions, migration of the titanium atoms and formation of preferred oriented structure took place. At 135 and 175° C in the argon atmosphere containing 50 ppm chlorine, a very active migration of titanium atoms from the gold layer to the external surface of the samples was observed. Migration of titanium was not observed in the samples exposed to the pure argon atmosphere. This strongly suggests that chlorine acts as an agent bringing titanium from the gold layer to the external surface by a process known as chemisorption-induced segregation; on the surface titanium forms an oxide. When samples were exposed for 53 days at 175° C, preferred oriented structure in the gold layer was developed. Formation of the preferred oriented structure was neither conditioned nor related to the presence of chlorine in the atmosphere.
Early Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Is Associated With Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Background & Aims There have been few clinical studies of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SIRS in assessing severity of acute pancreatitis. Methods We prospectively enrolled 252 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis who were admitted directly to our institution between 2005–2007. The incidence and duration of SIRS (transient ≤48 hours vs persistent >48 hours) during the first 7 days of hospitalization, and the number of SIRS criteria (0–4) on the first day of hospitalization (day 1) were evaluated with individual markers of severity, including persistent organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, need for intensive care unit, and mortality. Results SIRS occurred in 155/252 patients (62%) on day 1. SIRS on day 1 predicted severe disease with high sensitivity (85%–100%). The absence of SIRS on day 1 was associated with a high negative predictive value (98%–100%). Patients with a higher number of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) criteria on day 1 and persistent SIRS had an increased risk for severe disease (P Conclusions The majority of patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis have SIRS on day 1. The severity of acute pancreatitis is greater among patients with SIRS on day 1 and, in particular, among those with 3 or 4 SIRS criteria, compared with those without SIRS on day 1.
Torque generated by the bacterial flagellar motor close to stall

In earlier work in which electrorotation was used to apply external torque to tethered cells of the bacterium Escherichia coli, it was found that the torque required to force flagellar motors backward was considerably larger than the torque required to stop them. That is, there appeared to be substantial barrier to backward rotation. Here, we show that in most, possibly all, cases this barrier is an artifact due to angular variation of the torque applied by electrorotation, of the motor torque, or both; the motor torque appears to be independent to speed or to vary linearly with speed up to speeds of tens of Hertz, in either direction. However, motors often break catastrophically when driven backward, so backward rotation is not equivalent to forward rotation. Also, cells can rotate backward while stalled, either in randomly timed jumps of 180 degrees or very slowly and smoothly. When cells rotate slowly and smoothly backward, the motor takes several seconds to recover after electrorotation is stopped, suggesting that some form of reversible damage has occurred. These findings do not affect the interpretation of electrorotation experiments in which motors are driven rapidly forward.
Diagnosis of alcohol dependence in epidemiological surveys: an epidemic of youthful alcohol dependence or a case of measurement error?

Aim: To review the literature on the prevalence of alcohol dependence according to age, presenting data suggesting that the increased prevalence of alcohol dependence among young adults may be inflated because of measurement error. Household surveys with random selection of respondents. General population. Survey respondents 12 years of age and older. Alcohol dependence. Data for male current drinkers show that 4.6% of adolescents (aged 12-17 years) meet criteria for past year dependence, and the rate increases to 8.5% in the 18-23 age group, decreasing thereafter. Symptom level prevalence estimates indicate that younger age groups report higher rates of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms than older age groups. Young adults may be reporting tolerance and withdrawal symptoms partly because the wording of structured interview schedules leads to confusion of binge drinking and its sequelae with physical symptoms of alcohol dependence. There is a need to examine whether young adults are confusing the sequelae of acute intoxication with alcohol withdrawal, and rapid initial tolerance with the classical tolerance reported by alcoholics. Epidemiologists and clinicians need to be cautious of the tendency of structured psychiatric interviews to classify young adults as being alcohol-dependent. It may be useful to characterize individuals who meet alcohol dependence criteria at a young age (e.g. prior to age 25 years) as manifesting a form of 'adolescent alcohol dependence', which may represent a less severe form of alcohol use disorder than that observed in adults. Language: en
Beyond discourse communities: Orthodoxies and the rhetoric of sectarianism

In "Rescuing the Discourse of Community," Gregory Clark hinted that pedagogy based on the theory of discourse communities was in a state of crisis. In this article Clark put forward a theory of ethical participation that he believed would rescue attempts to characterize writing classrooms as discourse communities. But even as he did so, he acknowledged that pedagogical practices based on the rhetoric of discourse communities can put into motion processes that "tend to minimize or exclude the participation of some people as they establish the dominance of others" (61). Others shared the same concern. Joseph Harris had argued, "our goals as teachers need not be to initiate our students into the values and practices of some new community, but to offer them the chance to reflect critically on those discourses" (19). Marilyn Cooper warned that discourse communities may develop "static standards," which are then used "to determine who is and who is not a member of the community" (204). Mary Louise Pratt characterized them as "imaginary utopian communities" that do not accurately represent "fractured reality" (50-51). Carolyn Miller said "the domination of the communal" is a political and rhetorical problem because it "seems to restrict and control what can be said, what can ever be found persuasive" ("Rhetoric and Community" 86). And Jim W. Corder, who likened discourse communities to tribes, said that being part of such tribes "represses the individual's own capacities for observation, thus violating private virtues" (306). These critics did not actually deny that discourse communities exist. Most accepted that discourse communities, like Dell Hymes' speech communities, exist and that they are communities that share "rules for conduct and interpretation of speech" (Hymes 54). But the assumption that the writing classroom constitutes such a community soon became untenable. Meanwhile, the study of discourse communities flourished on another front as researchers investigated disciplinary and professional discourse. As Charlotte Thralls and Nancy Roundy Blyler say, the "the concept of a discourse community has given researchers a way to talk about workplace writing in both industrial and academic settings" (8). Among those doing such work, Greg Myers analyzed the
A hexapedal jointed-leg model for insect locomotion in the horizontal plane

We develop a simple model for insect locomotion in the horizontal (ground) plane. As in earlier work by Seipel et al. (Biol Cybern 91(0):76---90, 2004) we employ six actuated legs that also contain passive springs, but the legs, with "hip" and `knee' joints, better represent insect morphology. Actuation is provided via preferred angle inputs at each joint, corresponding to zero torques in the hip and knee springs. The inputs are determined from estimates of foot forces in the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis via an inverse problem. The head---thorax---body is modeled as a single rigid body, and leg masses, inertia and joint dissipation are ignored. The resulting three degree-of-freedom dynamical system, subject to feedforward joint inputs, exhibits stable periodic gaits that compare well with observations over the insect's typical speed range. The model's response to impulsive perturbations also matches that of freely-running cockroaches (Jindrich and Full, J Exp Biol 205:2803---2823, 2002), and stability is maintained in the face of random foot touchdowns representative of real insects. We believe that this model will allow incorporation of realistic muscle models driven by a central pattern generator in place of the joint actuators, and that it will ultimately permit the study of proprioceptive feedback pathways involving leg force and joint angle sensing.
Signal identification in smart composite materials using the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform

This work is part of an effort to structurally integrate self-sensing functionality into smart composite materials using embedded microsensors and local network communication nodes. Here we address the issue of data management through the development of localized processing algorithms. We demonstrate that the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform?(FFT) is a useful algorithm due to its hierarchical structure and ability to determine the relative magnitudes of different spatial wavelengths in a material. This may be applied, for example, to determine the global components of a strain field or temperature distribution. We develop two methods for implementing the distributed 2D FFT based on the radix-2 (row?column) and radix-2 ? 2 (vector?radix) structures, and compare them in terms of computational requirements within a low power, low bandwidth network of microprocessors. Our results show that the vector?radix algorithm requires 50% fewer multiplications than the row?column algorithm when performed in a distributed manner. Since the most important information of the 2D FFT can often be found in the lowest frequency components, we develop pruning methods for the distributed row?column and vector?radix algorithms that reduce internode communication requirements by 50% in both cases. We conclude that the pruned version of the distributed vector?radix 2D FFT is the most efficient of the methods investigated for rapid signal identification in smart composite materials.
Industrialized Agriculture and the Small-Scale Farmer

A MERICAN AGRICUTTURE TODAY has little reof the research methodology and results, discussion of the semblance to farming as it was practiced in the early structural barriers faced by the small-scale farmer, and suggesdecades of this century. particularly following world war 11, tions concerning alternative public policies likely to affect the we have witnessed a dramatic change in the structure of the farm
Signal processing in medical imaging and image-guided intervention

This is an introduction to a special session of ICASSP devoted to signal processing techniques in medical imaging and image analysis that consists of this introduction and 5 research presentations, each addressing one aspect of the medical imaging field in which signal processing plays an irreplaceable role. The topics cover a broad spectrum of medical imaging problems from image acquisition to image analysis to population-based anatomical modeling. The focus is on technical aspects of the problem and proposed/developed solutions with sufficient emphasis given to the introducing the biomedical importance of the problem as well as its signal processing relevance.
Generalized likelihood ratio detection for fMRI using complex data

The majority of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies obtain functional information using statistical tests based on the magnitude image reconstructions. Recently, a complex correlation (CC) test was proposed based on the complex image data in order to take advantage of phase information in the signal. However, the CC test ignores additional phase information in the baseline component of the data. In this paper, a new detector for fMRI based on a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is proposed. The GLRT exploits the fact that the fMRI response signal as well as the baseline component of the data share a common phase. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are used to explore the performance of the new detector. At relatively low signal intensities, the GLRT outperforms both the standard magnitude data test and the CC test. At high signal intensities, the GLRT performs as well as the standard magnitude data test and significantly better than the CC test.
Multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators on Hardy spaces, II

Abstract In this note we explain a point left open in the literature of Hardy spaces, namely that for a sufficiently smooth m-linear Calderon–Zygmund operator bounded on a product of Lebesgue spaces we have T ( f 1 , … , f m ) = ∑ i 1 ⋯ ∑ i m λ 1 , i 1 ⋯ λ m , i m T ( a 1 , i 1 , … , a m , i m ) a.e., where a j , i j are H p j atoms, λ j , i j ∈ C , and f j = ∑ i j λ j , i j a j , i j are H p j distributions. In some particular cases the proof is new even when m = 1 .
How do strength, sensation, spasticity and joint individuation relate to the reaching deficits of people with chronic hemiparesis?

Summary Hemiparetic subjects present with movement deficits including weakness, spasticity and an inability to isolate movement to one or a few joints. Voluntary attempts to move a single joint often result in excessive motion at adjacent joints. We investigated whether the inability to individuate joint movements is associated with deficits in functional reaching. Controls and hemiparetic subjects performed two different reaching movements and three individuated arm movements, all in the parasagittal plane. The reaching movements were a sagittal ‘reach up’ (shoulder flexion and elbow flexion) and ‘reach out’ (shoulder flexion and elbow extension). Joint individuation was assessed by getting each subject to perform an isolated flexion‐extension movement at each of the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. In addition, we measured strength, muscle tone and sensation using standard clinical instruments. Hemiparetic subjects showed varying degrees of impairment when performing reaching movements and individuated joint movements. Reaching impairments (hand path curvature, velocity) were worse in the reach out versus the reach up condition. Typical joint individuation abnormalities were excessive flexion of joints that should have been held fixed during movement of the instructed joint. Hemiparetic subjects tended to produce concurrent flexion motions of shoulder and elbow joints when attempting any movement, one explanation for why they were better at the ‘reach up’ than the ‘reach out’ task. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that impaired joint individuation explained most of the variance in the reach path curvature and end point error; strength explained most of the variance in reaching velocity. Sensation also contributed significantly, but spasticity and strength were not significant in the model. We conclude that the deficit in joint individuation reflects a fundamental motor control problem that largely explains some aspects of voluntary reaching deficits of hemiparetic subjects.
Development of simulation games to improve the practice of program management

The complex nature of program management creates a very difficult task for those responsible for the allocation of resources, program structuring, and the overall program outcome. Decisions are often made in the face of considerable uncertainty. Since the performance of managers is frequently judged upon near-term results, managers may not have sufficient incentive to contemplate the long-term effects of their decisions. Across many industries, complex large-scale programs have a tendency to fail; these failures can often be attributed to poor program management. Current training methods frequently lack interactive learning, rendering them less useful due to the importance of heuristic information in the practice of program management. This project develops multiple educational simulations that give program managers the opportunity to experiment, to test their assumptions, and to learn from their mistakes in a risk-free environment. By showing users the relationship between decisions and outcomes on a project, the simulations will enhance the current educational practices and enable program managers to make better decisions in the future.
Ways of Handling Conflict: What We Have Learned, What Problems Remain

This article canvasses the principal achievements of the past twenty-five years in alternative dispute resolution and addresses some of the current challenges and how they might be addressed.
How to share a secret

In this paper we show how to divide data D into n pieces in such a way that D is easily reconstructable from any k pieces, but even complete knowledge of k - 1 pieces reveals absolutely no information about D. This technique enables the construction of robust key management schemes for cryptographic systems that can function securely and reliably even when misfortunes destroy half the pieces and security breaches expose all but one of the remaining pieces.
DynaSpAM: dynamic spatial architecture mapping using out of order instruction schedules

Spatial architectures are more efficient than traditional Out-of-Order (OOO) processors for computationally intensive programs. However, spatial architectures require mapping a program, either statically or dynamically, onto the spatial fabric. Static methods can generate efficient mappings, but they cannot adapt to changing workloads and are not compatible across hardware generations. Current dynamic methods are adaptive and compatible, but do not optimize as well due to their limited use of speculation and small mapping scopes. To overcome the limitations of existing dynamic mapping methods for spatial architectures, while minimizing the inefficiencies inherent in OOO superscalar processors, this paper presents DynaSpAM (Dynamic Spatial Architecture Mapping), a framework that tightly couples a spatial fabric with an OOO pipeline. DynaSpAM coaxes the OOO processor into producing an optimized mapping with a simple modification to the processor's scheduler. The insight behind DynaSpAM is that today's powerful OOO processors do for themselves most of the work necessary to produce a highly optimized mapping for a spatial architecture, including aggressively speculating control and memory dependences, and scheduling instructions using a large window. Evaluation of DynaSpAM shows a geomean speedup of 1.42x for 11 benchmarks from the Rodinia benchmark suite with a geomean 23.9% reduction in energy consumption compared to an 8-issue OOO pipeline.
Experiments in parallel execution of answer set programs

In this paper we study the use of parallelism to speed up execution of Answer Set Programs (ASP). ASP is an emerging programming paradigm which combines features from constraint programming, logic programming, and non-monotonic reasoning, and has found relevant applications in areas such as planning and intelligent agents. We propose different methodologies to parallelize execution of ASP programs, and we describe a prototype which exploits one of such forms of parallelism (vertical parallelism). Performance figures are presented and analyzed along with various considerations regarding scheduling and optimization.
The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process.

Man should strive to have his intestines relaxed all the days of his life. Moses Maimonides, AD 1135–1204 A good set of bowels is worth more to a man than any quantity of brains. Josh Billings (Henry Wheeler Shaw), AD 1818–1885 For centuries, physicians and historians have recognized that it is common for maladies to afflict the intestinal tract, producing symptoms of pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, difficult passage of food or feces, or any combination.1When these symptoms are experienced as severe, or when they impact on daily life, those afflicted often attribute the symptoms to an illness and seek medical care. Traditionally, the physicians caring for these patients will search for inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and other structural abnormalities to make a specific diagnosis and offer specific treatment. Yet as has been common in medical practice,2 when no structural etiology is found, the patient is diagnosed as having “functional” symptoms and is treated symptomatically. Until recently, the limited scientific knowledge about the pathophysiology of these symptoms, and the need to diagnose by excluding “organic” disease, has led physicians to feel uncertain about the legitimacy of these symptoms as bona fide disorders.3 Some have felt insecure in their ability to manage patients with these conditions, and might even avoid caring for patients with these complaints. But over the past two decades, two important processes have occurred to legitimize these conditions, and to increase attention toward the research and clinical care of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). The first has been a shift in conceptualizing these disorders from a disease-based, reductionistic model, where the effort is directed toward identifying a single underlying biological etiology, to a more integrated, biopsychosocial model of illness.4 5 The latter model allows for symptoms to be understood as physiologically …
Microwave and RF education-past, present, and future

This paper is an overview of how microwave and RF education has changed over the years and where it is heading. The history of microwave and RF education, and the key events that influenced its development, are summarized. These events include the need for short-wavelength radar during World War II, the invention of printed transmission lines in the 1950s, the emergence of microwave integrated circuits and solid-state devices during the 1960s, the growing availability of computers and the development of numerical methods during the 1970s, and the availability of microwave circuit simulators and field simulators in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The likely impact of recent advances in Internet technology for the distribution of multimedia information is then described. The paper concludes by pointing out the outstanding challenges for the education and continuing education of microwave and RF engineers.
The Dose Effect in Secondary Electron Emission

In this paper, total incident electron dose as an inherent parameter in secondary electron emission is experimentally demonstrated. A completely automated experimental setup allows for measuring of secondary electron yield (SEY) as a function of beam energy, angle of incidence of primary electrons, electron dose, and time. SEY data are presented for copper, plasma-sprayed boron carbide, and titanium nitride samples with principal focus on dose dependence. Experiments were conducted in the low-energy range (5-1000 eV) and direct-current regime. Experimental results have been compared with formulas in literature, and good agreement was observed. Modified empirical formulas incorporating the dose effect have also been proposed.
A Revision of Calycolpus (Myrtaceae)

Abstract The genus Calycolpus (Myrtaceae), a mainly northern South American group of 15 species, is revised based on a study of over 600 plant collections, many duplicated in more than one herbarium. The relationships of Calycolpus to other genera are discussed and a key distinguishing it from its relatives is provided. All species are described, mapped, and illustrated with line drawings and/or photographs. The relationships among the species are discussed and a key distinguishing them is provided. Lectotypes are chosen for Myrtus goetheana DC., Calycolpus chnoiophyllus Riley, Calycolpus cordatus L. Riley, Calycolpus kegelianus O. Berg, Calycolpus schomburgkianus var. speciosus O. Berg, Eugenia excisa Urb., Eugenia nipensis Urb., Psidiopsis moritziana O. Berg, and Psidium reversum Urb. Neotypes are chosen for Calycolpus kegelianus var. gracilis O. Berg, Calycolpus warszewiczianus O. Berg, and Myrtus revoluta Schauer. Five of these species, one third of the total, were described by the author since 1989.
A New Philomycus Mantleslug Species from Texas and a Key to US Philomycus Species

ABSTRACT A new species of Philomycus mantleslug from eastern Texas, USA, is described. Philomycus texanus Taber and Fleenor is distinguished from the remaining eight currently recognized Nearctic Philomycus species by its internal reproductive anatomy and by its external coloration. It is currently known only from the relict Lost Pines loblolly forest, which is a post-ice age refugium for a variety of animal and plant species not expected to occur so far west of the southeastern United States. A key to the nine recognized species of the genus is provided.
Plant Health Detection and Monitoring

One of the major applications for hyperspectral imaging is plant health detection and monitoring. In this chapter, various ground-based, airborne and spaceborne sensing systems are described. Different applications are discussed such as detection of plant water status, plant nutrient and disease, insect damage, weeds, fruit quality, number of mature and immature fruit, and fruit maturity status. Some of the major techniques used include equivalent water thickness (EWT) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) for monitoring plant water status; derivative chlorophyll index, natural chlorophyll fluorescence emission, and vegetation indices (VI) for plant nutrient status; and fluorescence, thermography, spectral library, mixture tuned match filtering (MTMF), spectral angle mapping (SAM), and spectral feature fitting (SFF) for plant disease detection. One of the key observations in these applications is that remote sensing could be better applied to assess damages by plant diseases than to detect early disease infections.
The Involvement of Superoxide and Trivalent Copper in the Galactose Oxidase Reaction

Until the present work, Cu(I) and Cu(II) were considered to be the only valence states of copper which are involved in the various cuproenzymic reactions. In the investigations to be summarized here we have obtained the first direct evidence that Cu(III), or some mono-copper species which behaves like it, is a catalytically active intermediate in an enzymic reaction, in this case that catalyzed by galactose oxidase. In addition, the role of superoxide in the galactose oxidase reaction has been clarified to a greater extent than has been the case for most other enzymic reactions in which superoxide has been implicated. When we began this work, we certainly did not anticipate all these results, especially the involvement of Cu(III). Thus, before beginning a detailed summary of the work, it seems appropriate to briefly discuss some of our reasons for studying this enzyme, and to point out the mechanistic dilemma which faced us when we began.
EPIGENTIC REGUALTION OF REDOX ENZYME SYSTEM

Obstructive sleep apnea patients experiencing periodic decreases in arterial blood O2 or chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), exhibit several co-morbidities including systemic hypertension and metabolic syndrome (1,2). Our studies on rodent models identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a major cellular mechanism mediating the CIH-evoked cardio respiratory abnormalities (3). Interestingly, effects of long-term (30days) exposure to CIH (LTIH) leads to persistent ROS levels. Based on these data, we tested the hypothesis that LTIH induced epigenetic regulation of anti-oxidant enzyme genes lead to persistent oxidative stress. DNA methylation of the AOE’s Sod-1, Sod-2, Txnrd2, Prdx4 were significantly hypermethylated in adrenal medulla of rats exposed to LTIH as analyzed by a custom-designed Methyl-Profiler DNA methylation-PCR array. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that a single CpG dinucleotide close to the transcription start site was methylated specifically in samples from rats exposed to LTIH. Treatment with decitabine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, during LTIH, prevented SOD-2 hypermethylation and persistent oxidative stress. Disrupting epigenetic regulation of the redox state by inhibitors of DNA methylation might offer a novel therapeutic intervention to alleviate the cardio-respiratory abnormalities caused by LTIH. Clinically, this is of great importance because treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is not effective in all OSA patients
Studies on the Antimitotic Activity of Leurocristine (Vincristine)

The effect of leurocristine (vincristine) on cell division was studied in normal bone marrow and leukemic cells (L1210 leukemia) of DBA/2 mice. It was found that vincristine possesses the ability to arrest mitosis at the metaphase stage. The accumulation of arrested metaphases in the normal bone marrow and in leukemic cells of the animals treated with vincristine followed a pattern similar to the one observed after treatment with colchicine or vincaleukoblastine (vinblastine).
Specificity of arecoline and apomorphine and the site of action of arecoline in inhibiting the diurnal prolactin surge.

SummaryOvariectomized, polyestradiol phosphate (PEP)-injected, catheterized rats exhibiting a daily diurnal plasma prolactin surge were used to investigate the specificity of cholinergic receptor blocker drugs and to demonstrate the presence of cholinergic receptors outside the blood brain barrier. Atropine methylnitrate (AMN) blocked the inhibitory effect of arecoline on the diurnal surge of plasma prolactin and this blockade was more dramatic for the later time periods. The tremorogenic effect of arecoline (a CNS action) was not blocked, whereas the salivation effect of arecoline (a peripheral action) was blocked by AMN. The prolactin and behavioral responses were taken to indicate that AMN does not pass the blood brain barrier and that there are cholinergic receptors inhibiting prolactin release outside this barrier, perhaps directly on the pituitary. Mecamylamine, a nicotine blocker, did not have any effect either on the arecoline-induced blockade of the prolactin surge or on the arecoline-induced beh...
A Ultra Wideband Low Loss CBCPW-to-Microstrip Transition With Multiple Via Holes

A wideband (0 to 26.5 GHz) transition from conductor backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) to microstrip line has been developed. Field and impedance transformation have been used in the design; also, via holes were placed on the side ground planes of the CBCPW to suppress the parallel plate resonant mode thereby reducing radiation loss. A back-to-back transition board has been fabricated and tested. The test result shows good agreement with simulation. Under test, the back-to-back design insertion loss is less than 2 dB and the return loss is less than 15 dB from 0 to 26.5 GHz.
Thermal deformation of very slender TRAC booms

Metallic triangular rollable and collapsible (TRAC) booms have deployed two Cubesatbased solar sails in low Earth orbit, making TRAC booms the most popular solar sail deployment method in practice. This paper presents some concerns and solutions surrounding the behavior of these booms in the space thermal environment. A 3.5-cm-tall, 4-meter-long TRAC boom of Elgiloy cobalt alloy, when exposed to direct sunlight in a 1 AU deep space environment, has a predicted tip motion of as much as 0.5 meters. Such large thermal deflections could generate unacceptable distortions in the shape of a supported solar sail, making attitude control of the solar sail spacecraft difficult or impossible. As a possible means of mitigating this issue, the thermal distortion behaviors of three alternative material TRAC booms are investigated and compared with the uncoated Elgiloy baseline boom. A tenfold decrease in induced curvature is shown to be possible relative to the baseline boom. Potential thermal distortions of the LightSail-A solar sail TRAC booms are also examined and compared, although inconclusively, with available on-orbit camera imagery.
A scaffold immune microenvironment

The immune system plays a critical role in wound healing, in both host defense and tissue repair. Strategies that use biologic scaffolds to support tissue reconstruction emphasize this essential contribution of representative immune cells. The findings by Sadtler et al. ( 1 ) on page 366 in this issue highlight how the plasticity and diversity of macrophages and lymphocytes support this approach to tissue repair.
Analysis of Characteristics of Voice Signals in Diesel Engine Based on Correlation Dimension

A method based on the fractal correlation dimension was proposed to study the characteristics of voice signals of diesel engine.It was proved that diesel engine voice signals have an obvious fractal characteristic by primary component analysis method.According to the G-P computational method,the calculation of the correlation dimension of diesel engine voice signals was conducted,and then the influence of noise on the calculation of correlation dimension in this calculation process was discussed.The results show that the correlation dimension of diesel engine voice signals varies with the change of engine operating conditions,and it can be used as a characteristic parameter in diesel engine monitoring and fault diagnosis.
SY17-2ADOLESCENT SOCIAL ISOLATION AS A MODEL OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION VULNERABILITY

Epidemiological studies have established a clear link between chronic early life stress (ELS) and increased vulnerability to alcoholism. Unfortunately, the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the increased risk of alcohol addiction associated with ELS are poorly understood. Here, we employed a rodent ELS model to identify neural substrates that …
The environment analysis in filtrate of waste landfill proliferation of the oil field well drilling mud in land procession handling

Aim at the domestic technology in oil field well drilling mud handling,which the security exist troubles in the environment.The article quotes the land processing technology which utilized more in overseas,and it had synthetically considered the environment behavior as to the organic pollutant(such as oil etc) proliferation、absorption、 pant absorption and biodegradation in the soil,and forecast the pollutant density distribution change tendency in the soil-water environment.And finally analyze the feasibility about the oil well drilling mud in land processing handling technology through the economy,technology,and environment.The analysis indicates that: the oil well drilling mud in land processinghandling is completely feasible.And if adds some certain matters in it,may prevent the soil from hardening.Moreover it also is help to improving the soil texture.If this technology obtained the success application,it will build the foundation for the oil well drilling mud synthesis processing.
Application of bias voltage to tune the resonant frequency of membrane-based electroactive polymer energy harvesters

Vibration-based energy harvesting has been widely investigated to as a means to generate low levels of electrical energy for applications such as wireless sensor networks. However, for optimal performance it is necessary to ensure that resonant frequencies of the device match the ambient vibration frequencies for maximum energy harvested. Here a novel resonant frequency tuning approach is proposed by applying a bias voltage to a pre-stretched electroactive polymer (EAP) membrane, such that the resulting changes in membrane tension can tune the device to match the environmental vibration source. First, a material model which accounts for the change in properties due to the pre-stretch of a VHB 4910 EAP membrane is presented. The effect of the bias voltage on the EAP membrane, which induces an electrostatic pressure and corresponding reduction in membrane thickness, are then determined. The FEM results from ANSYS agree well with an analytical hyperelastic model of the activation response of the EAP membrane. Lastly, through a mass-loaded circular membrane vibration model, the effective resonant frequency of the energy harvester can be determined as a function of changes in membrane tension due to the applied bias voltage. In the case of an EAP membrane, pre-stretch contributes to the pre-stretch stiffness of the system while the applied bias voltage contributes to a change in bias voltage stiffness of the membrane. Preliminary experiments verified the resonant frequencies corresponding to the bias voltages predicted from the appropriate models. The proposed bias voltage tuning approach for the EAP membrane may provide a novel tuning strategy to enable energy harvesting from various ambient vibration sources in various application environments.
Observations of unusual feeding behavior of white-winged dove on Chinese tallow

Abstract We observed white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica asiatica) feeding on Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) seeds in south Texas. We noted two types of foraging behavior from October through January during 2013–2015. We observed white-winged doves either plucking seeds directly from the branches or cooperatively feeding by one dove shaking a branch, allowing loose seeds to fall to the ground to be consumed by other doves. This is the first recorded occurrence of apparent collaborative foraging behavior between white-winged doves on the ground and individuals in the treetops.
Is Your Organization Run by the Right Kind of Leader? An Overview of the Different Leadership Styles

The world today is experiencing a leadership crisis. One thing is evident: The leadership style that worked in the industrial economy will not work today where integrity and creativity are crucial if an organization is to thrive. We live in an information/knowledge economy defined by accelerating change, flux, globalization, instability, and the need to adapt quickly. This paper describes various leadership styles that include transformational leadership, servant leadership, spiritual leadership, Level 5 leadership, compassionate leadership, ethical leadership, benevolent leadership, and more. Successful leaders will develop a leadership style that works best for their organizations and avoid becoming narcissistic and totally self-absorbed, traits that can destroy their corporations.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B in a single sample using enzymatic bio-nanotransduction

Enzymatic bio-nanotransduction is a biological detection scheme based on the production of nucleic acid nano-signals (RNA) in response to specific biological recognition events. In this study, we applied an enzymatic bio-nanotransduction system to the detection of important food-related pathogens and a toxin. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were chosen because of the implications of these targets to food safety. Primary antibodies to each of the targets were used to functionalize magnetic beads and produce biological recognition elements (antibodies) conjugated to nano-signal–producing DNA templates. Immunomagnetic capture that was followed by in vitro transcription of DNA templates bound to target molecules produced RNA nano-signals specific for every target in the sample. Discrimination of RNA nano-signals with a standard enzyme-linked oligonucleotide fluorescence assay provided a correlation between nano-signal profiles and targe...
The effect of cold acclimation on the low molecular weight carbohydrate composition of safflower.

Abstract Understanding cold acclimation and identifying the low molecular weight carbohydrates that support the development of freezing tolerant safflower seedlings will aid in breeding winter-hardy cultivars for temperate cropping systems. Three field selected lines of winter safflower (WSRC01: PI 651878; WSRC02: PI 651879; WSRC03: PI 651880) were cold acclimated for four weeks at 4 °C and compared to seedlings grown for two weeks at 20 °C. The commercial spring-type cultivar, Ole, served as a non-hardy check. Leaf, stem, and root fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose concentrations all increased to variable extents across the PI accessions after cold acclimation. In comparison with Ole, winter safflower accessions tended to be more responsive to cold acclimation by increasing metabolite concentration. Verbascose was only recovered within leaf tissue and PI 651880 was the only entry to show a substantial alteration in verbascose concentration due to cold acclimation. Based on these data, no specific low molecular carbohydrate was responsive or responsible for the accumulation of freezing tolerance, but a concert of metabolites and their responsiveness may help explain the observed differences in development, freezing tolerance, and ultimately winterhardiness among safflower germplasm.
Bullying and victimization: The role of parenting and childhood behavior across time

This dissertation evaluated harsh parenting practices and child behaviors in early childhood that lead to bullying and victimization in preadolescence. Specifically, Chapter 2 examined harsh parenting, child’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, and child’s angry and fearful temperament beginning at age 5 predicting to bullying and victimization behavior in preadolescence (age 8-13). Results suggest that harsh parenting was associated with bullying while child externalizing behavior was predictive of later victimization. The child’s internalizing behavior problems and angry and fearful temperament were not predictors of bullying or victimization in preadolescence. Chapter 3 built upon the study conducted in Chapter 2, by examining the stability of parenting and child behavior problems across two developmental time points: early childhood (age 2-3) and middle childhood (age 5) predicting to bullying and victimization behavior in preadolescence (age 8-13). This study also examined the bidirectional relationship between parenting behavior and child behavior as they predicted to bullying and victimization in preadolescence. This study found harsh parenting during middle childhood was associated with bullying in preadolescence. While externalizing behavior problems was stable from early childhood to middle childhood it was not significantly associated with later bullying behaviors. On the other hand, when predicting to victimization, harsh parenting and externalizing behavior problems produced different results. That is, externalizing behavior problems was significantly associated with victimization in preadolescence and harsh parenting was moderately associated with victimization. This study did not find a bidirectional relationship between parenting behavior and child behavior as they predicted bullying and victimization in preadolescence.
Inverse lithography OPC correction with multiple patterning and etch awareness

In advanced nodes, the extension of DUV lithography deep into the sub-wavelength dimensions has led to exploration of many new Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RET). Generally speaking, these RET have enabled higher resolution capabilities using the same exposure wavelength, but at the cost of increasingly complex mask optimization process. One such technique applied to perform Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is called Inverse Lithography Technique (ILT). It promises the best possible theoretical mask design by solving the inverse problem, where the optical transform from mask to wafer image is solved in reverse using a rigorous mathematical approach [1]. Although the benefits and potentials of ILT in producing a single exposure mask are well documented [2], its implementation in multiple patterning OPC (MP-OPC) is less explored. In this paper, an ILT mask optimization is applied on a metal layer, consisting of 3 exposures in a litho-etch x 3 (LELELE) process flow. It demonstrates the application of both multi-exposure and etch awareness within the ILT mask correction scheme. This is accomplished by including inter-layer constraints for the resist and the post-etch contours in the objective function of the ILT optimization. The ability to reduce potential interexposure failure modes as well as the associated increase in computational resources will be assessed. Additionally, the results will be compared against a conventional model-based OPC with similar multi-exposure and etch awareness.
Temporal Estimates of Crop Growth in Sorghum and Maize Breeding Enabled by Unmanned Aerial Systems

To meet future world food and fiber demands, plant breeders must increase the rate of genetic improvement of important agricultural crops. One of the biggest obstacles now facing crop scientists is a phenotyping bottleneck. To ease this burden, the emerging technology of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) presents an exciting opportunity. To assess the utility of UAS, it is important to investigate their application across multiple crop species. Terminal plant height is of great importance to maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] breeders and has been hypothesized to be useful but has been logistically impractical to measure in the field. In this study, we statistically analyzed in depth the ability of UAS to estimate height in sorghum (advanced and early generation material) and maize (optimal and late material) and the application of these estimates in breeding programs. We found that UAS explain genotypic variation similarly to ground-truth methods and that the repeatability of the methodology is high (R = 0.61–0.99), indicating effective differentiation of genotypes. Additionally, correlations between ground truth and UAS measurements were moderate to high for all materials (r = 0.4–0.9). Finally, we present a novel application for the technology in the form of high-resolution temporal growth curves. Using these UAS-generated growth curves, new physiological insights can be obtained and new avenues of scientific investigation are possible.
Abstract 363: The Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1-Like (GPD1-L) Brugada Syndrome Gene Modulates Na+ Current in Myocytes

Introduction: Brugada Syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant condition leading to arrhythmias and sudden death. Recently, we identified a mutation (A280V) in GPD1-L in a large Brugada syndrome family. In HEK-293 cells, A280V disrupted trafficking of both GPD1-L and the cardiac Na + channel (SCN5A) to the cell membrane and led to an ∼50% decrease in Na + current (I Na ). Here, we tested the hypothesis that A280V would alter membrane trafficking and reduce I Na in cardiac myocytes. Methods: To assess GPD1-L trafficking, ventricular myocytes isolated from 1-day-old rats were transfected with either wild type (WT) or A280V GPD1-L-GFP (Green Fluorescence Protein) fusion protein and imaged by confocal light microscopy; membrane fluorescence was quantitated. For electrophysiology, myocytes were co-infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV9) containing either WT or A280V GPD1-L and AAV6 containing GFP driven by a troponin promoter. I Na was recorded 48 hours later by whole-cell voltage clamp. Results: Membrane fluorescence was decreased by 65% in myocytes transfected with A280V (n=7) vs. WT GPD1-L-GFP (n=9, p Na was decreased by up to 47% in myocytes infected with A280V vs. WT GPD1-L (at 0 mV, −266 to −142 pA/pF, p =0.03; Fig. 1B). Conclusion: The A280V mutation alters GPD1-L membrane trafficking and decreases I Na in cardiac myocytes, similar to its effect in HEK-293 cells. These results support the hypothesis that GPD1-L mutations cause Brugada syndrome by modulating Na + channel trafficking in the heart.