cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caliban's Legacy: Primate Dramas and the Performance of Species

A close reading of two images paired by way of introduction to an important scientific/activist text reveals a century's worth of performative negotiations with the figure of the ape, from post-Darwinian “missing link” to genetic sibling.
Retinal Fat Emboli as A Sequela to Acute Pancreatitis

A clinical picture of Purtscher's retinopathy was observed in three patients with acute pancreatitis. In two patients, fluorescein angiography revealed arteriolar obstruction. Since fat emboli occur in pancreatitis, and since fat emboli may produce the picture of Purtscher's retinopathy, we proposed that fat emboli caused the retinal findings in these patients.
Lysogeny of Streptococcus pneumoniae with MM1 Phage: Improved Adherence and Other Phenotypic Changes

Pneumococcal prophages are extremely frequent, but no role in pathogenesis has so far been attributed to them. We isolated a variant of phage MM1, named MM1-1998, from a serotype 24 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We created three isogenic strain pairs (serotypes 3, 4, and 24) that differed only by the lysogenic presence of the MM1-1998 phage and did a phenotypic comparison. Lysogeny led to improved adherence to inert surfaces and pharyngeal cells compared to that with the cured variants of the strains. We found that lysogeny with MM1-1998 coincided with a more transparent phenotype and phage curing with more opaque colonies in all strain pairs, and we discovered that transparency was associated with more successful and stable lysogeny. Since transparency alone was possibly responsible for the adherence difference, we further compared the TIGR4 lysogen with an equally transparent variant of TIGR4 in order to reassess the role of phage or transparency separately. The results revealed that improved adherence was independently associated with lysogeny with the MM1-1998 phage. Other phenotypic differences such as faster growth, increased autolysis, and decreased intracellular hemolytic activity were more likely due to transparency. By improving the adherence of pneumococci, this prophage may contribute to their fitness and possibly to their persistence in humans.
The importance of using multiple styles of generalization

There are many ways for a learning system to generalize from training set data. There is likely no one style of generalization which will solve all problems better than any other style, for different styles will work better on some applications than others. The authors present several styles of generalization and use them to suggest that a collection of such styles can provide more accurate generalization than any one style by itself. Empirical results of generalizing on several real-world applications are given, and comparisons are made on the generalization accuracy of each style of generalization. The empirical results support the hypothesis that using multiple generalization styles can improve generalization accuracy. >
Predictors of Negative Spillover from Family to Work

Prior research has inconsistently documented the gendered nature of negative spillover between the domains of home and work. Little is known about predictors of negative spillover for employed mothers and fathers. Using the 1997 wave of the National Study of the Changing Workforce, this study’s purpose was twofold: to determine if a difference exists in negative spillover for working mothers and fathers and to identify shared and unique predictors of spillover for both groups. Findings reveal that more working mothers than fathers in the sample experienced negative family-to-work spillover. Time spent performing household chores and caring for children by respondent and spouse did not predict negative spillover for mothers, although caring for a sick child was a significant predictor for fathers. Marital satisfaction was not a significant predictor of spillover, whereas family life satisfaction was one of the strongest predictors for both mothers and fathers.
Reduced frequencies of NKp30+NKp46+, CD161+, and NKG2D+ NK cells in acute HCV infection may predict viral clearance.

Background & Aims While the majority of HCV-infected patients progress to chronic hepatitis, a small fraction of individuals are able to clear the virus. Resolution of infection occurs within the first few weeks to months of infection, suggesting that innate immune functions may be critical for early control. Epidemiologic data support a role for particular NK cell receptor bearing populations in this control, yet the mechanism by which NK cells respond to HCV early in infection is unknown. Methods Changes in the phenotype and function of NK cells were investigated in a cohort of 43 individuals identified during various stages of HCV infection with different clinical outcomes. Results Acute, chronic, and resolved HCV infections were characterized by an expansion of CD56 neg NK cells. Furthermore, increased levels of HLA-C-binding KIR + NK cells were observed in HCV resolvers, while all stages of HCV infection were associated with reduced percentages of NKG2D + , NKp30 + , and NKp46 + NK cells, and a slight increase in the ability of NK cells to respond to target cells bearing the ligands for these receptors. In contrast, NKG2A + and CD94 + NK cells were elevated in acute and chronic HCV infection, but not in resolved infection. Most importantly, in acute infection, lower frequencies of NKp30 + , NKp46 + , CD161 + , and NKG2D + NK cells were observed in patients who were subsequently able to clear HCV infection than in those becoming chronically infected. Conclusions These data implicate particular populations of NK cells in the early control and clearance of HCV infection.
STUDIES OF ELODEA NUTTALLII GROWN UNDER PHOTORESPIRATORY CONDITIONS. II, EVIDENCE FOR BICARBONATE ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Abstract.Elodea nuttallii was grown under greenhouse conditions in domestic wastewater in an aquatic treatment system under conditions conducive to photorespiration. Initial research on the photosynthetic characteristics of E. nuttallii suggest that the submergent macrophyte possessed a carbon concentrating mechanism. Isotopic disequilibria H14CO3-uptake studies (5-80s) were used to assess the bicarbonate active-transport capabilities in E. nuttallii leaves. Using a range of substrate concentrations (50-50200mmol m−3), the accumulation of label (mmol g−1 Chl) over time due to transport was found initially to exceed accumulation due to fixation until steady state rates were observed. Internal steady state pools of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) ranged from 40 to 80 mol m−3. The concentration factor (CF: the ratio of internal cyroplasmic (DIC] to external medium [DIC]) decreased from 800 to 114 as external bicarbonate concentrations were increased. Inhibition of transport by uncouplers (2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)); ATPase inhibitors (dicylcohexocarbodiamide (DCCD), phloridzin, arsenate); electron transport inhibitors (DCMU, Antimycin A), and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (ethoxyzolamide, acetazolamide) suggest that bicarbonate transport required (1) a proton motive force, (2) a functional ATPase, (3) a chloroplast carbon sink, and possibly (4) a CA-like moiety associated with the transport protein. While plasmalemmasomes were not observed, the plasmalemma was vesiculated and acid and alkaline banding was observed when leaves were incubated under light in the presence of bicarbonate. These data are consistent with the operation of a bicarbonate-cation symport which concentrates substrate against a concentration gradient at the expense of metabolic energy. The presence of an active transport system for bicarbonate ensures that internal carbon concentrations are high when carbon dioxide, is scarce and bicarbonate is the only carbon species available in aquatic treatment systems during photorespiratory conditions. Therefore, E. nuttallii is particularly well suited for use in these systems.
Outcomes After the Repair of Rectoceles With Transperineal Insertion of a Bioprosthetic Graft

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the early outcomes with the use of bioprosthetic grafts for the management of rectoceles and to compare them to those achieved with transanal techniques. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed for patients treated for a rectocele. Data collected included age, technique of repair, complications, and functional outcomes. Defecatory function was determined using the Birmingham Bowel and Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire, a validated instrument for the measurement of bowel symptoms. The questionnaire was administered preoperatively and at 12 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: In this series, 88 women underwent a transanal repair, compared to 32 women who had their rectocele managed with a bioprosthetic graft. After 1 year of follow-up, patients whose rectocele was repaired using a bioprosthetic had significantly fewer complications with comparable functional results between the 2 techniques. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that transperineal, bioprosthetic repair of rectoceles is associated with similar functional results but fewer complications when compared to transanal techniques during the early postoperative period. Randomized studies with longer-term follow-up will be required before the role of bioprosthetic repair of rectoceles can be determined.
Assessment of Differential Learning by Topic in Introductory Psychology

Introductory psychology students typically perform better on posttests compared to pretests; however, not all topics are learned equally well. To measure how much information students learned overall and to determine whether the level of knowledge gained differed by topic, 932 undergraduates enrolled in introductory psychology completed a multiple-choice pretest-posttest assessment. The tests included questions about 11 topics typically taught in introductory psychology. Student-, instructor-, and assessment-related variables that could affect learning were also examined. As expected, posttest scores were significantly higher than pretest scores. Importantly, there were significant differences among topics in terms of posttest scores as well as in the level of improvement. Students were most likely to answer posttest questions correctly about introduction and research methods, memory, and development, and least likely to answer questions correctly about physiological psychology. Scores improved on 9 of th...
Acute Toxicity of Acrylonitrile: Effect of Diet on Tissue Nonprotein Sulfhydryl Content and Distribution of 1–14C-Acrylonitrile or Its Metabolites

The influence of diet on the acute toxicity (lethality) and distribution of glutathione as measured by tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) concentration following acrylonitrile (ACN) treatment was studied. The tissue distribution of radiolabeled (14C) acrylonitrile or its radioactive metabolites was also determined. The diets tested were a standard laboratory rat chow; a casein-based, complete diet; and 2 diets high in saturated fat content that were either lipotrope deficient or lipotrope supplemented. The latter 2 diets were associated with decreased weight gain in the absence of ACN and increased lethality after orally administratered ACN. The increase in lethality, while most pronounced in the group fed the lipotrope-deficient, high-fat diet, was also seen in rats fed the purified control diet. The high-fat diets were associated with increases in brain and liver NPSH concentrations (mg NPSH/100 g body weight). Following oral administration of 1–14C-ACN, blood contained the highest specific activity. I...
Ray tracing with a space‐filling finite element mesh

SUMMARY A new ray-tracing technique is presented which does not work with ray-object intersections per se, but is based on the traversal of an unstructured tetrahedral mesh providing a convex enclosure of a scene of polyhedral objects. The tetrahedral mesh provides tight bounding and an adaptive subdivision of space. This non-hierarchical data structure is traversed adaptively until one is led directly and unconditionally to the first object intersected. Rendering times are directly related to the average thickness of the enclosing mesh since all tetrahedra are traversed in constant time. Since the proposed algorithm operates directly with volume elements, it allows for volumetric rendering effects. Volume rendering or anisotropic media can be implemented without any further effort. This is an important advantage as compared to usual techniques, which only operate on surface data. Timings for several examples show that the use of this type of ray-tracing technique, which is more suitable for general purpose visualization codes than traditional techniques, results in CPU times that are comparable with the best ray-tracing techniques presently used. This is an unexpected and important result, as the vectorization and parallelization of the proposed technique are straightforward, in contrast with traditional ray-tracing techniques.
Analysis of a short beam with application to solder joints: could larger stand-off heights relieve stress?

Physically meaningful and easy-to-use analytical (mathematical) stress model is developed for a short beam with clamped and known-in-advance offset ends. The analysis is limited to elastic deformations. While the classical Timoshenko short-beam theory seeks the beam’s deflection caused by the combined bending and shear deformations for the given loading, an inverse problem is considered here: the lateral force is sought for the given ends offset. In short beams this force is larger than in long beams, since, in order to achieve the given displacement (offset), the applied force has to overcome both bending and shear resistance of the beam. It is envisioned that short beams could adequately mimic the state of stress in solder joint interconnections, including ball-grid-array (BGA) systems, with large, compared to conventional joints, stand-off heights. When the package/printed-circuit-board (PCB) assembly is subjected to the change in temperature, the thermal expansion (contraction) mismatch of the package and the PCB results in an easily predictable relative displacement (offset) of the ends of the solder joint. This offset can be determined from the known external thermal mismatch strain (determined as the product of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion and the change in temperature) and the position of the joint with respect to the mid-cross-section of the assembly. The maximum normal and shearing stresses could be viewed as suitable criteria of the beam’s (joint’s) material long-term reliability. It is shown that these stresses can be brought down by employing beam-like joints, i.e., joints with an increased stand-off height compared to conventional joints. It is imperative, of course, that, if such joints are employed, there is still enough interfacial real estate, so that the BGA bonding strength is not compromised. On the other hand, owing to the lower stress level, reliability assurance might be much less of a challenge than in the case of conventional joint configuration. By employing beam-like solder joints one can even manage to avoid inelastic deformations of the joints, thereby increasing dramatically their fatigue lifetime. Future work will include, but might not be limited to, the finite-element computations, experimental evaluations (such as, e.g., shear-off testing), and analyses of the occurrence and the role of the inelastic strains, if any. The paper is intended for materials-, reliability- and industrial- physicists and applied scientists.
A Parallel Implementation of Montgomery Multiplication on Multicore Systems: Algorithm, Analysis, and Prototype

The Montgomery Multiplication is one of the cornerstones of public-key cryptography, with important applications in the RSA algorithm, in Elliptic-Curve Cryptography, and in the Digital Signature Standard. The efficient implementation of this long-word-length modular multiplication is crucial for the performance of public-key cryptography. Along with the strong momentum of shifting from single-core to multicore systems, we present a parallel-software implementation of the Montgomery multiplication for multicore systems. Our comprehensive analysis shows that the proposed scheme, pSHS, partitions the task in a balanced way so that each core has the same amount of job to do. In addition, we also comprehensively analyze the impact of intercore communication overhead on the performance of pSHS. The analysis reveals that pSHS is high performance, scalable over different number of cores, and stable when the communication latency changes. The analysis also tells us how to set different parameters to achieve the optimal performance. We implemented pSHS on a prototype multicore architecture configured in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Compared with the sequential implementation, pSHS accelerates 2,048-bit Montgomery multiplication by 1.97, 3.68, and 6.13 times on, respectively, two-core, four-core, and eight-core architectures with communication latency equal to 100 clock cycles.
Frequency-based Connectivity Analysis of Interictal iEEG to Localize the Epileptogenic Focus

Resective surgery of the epileptogenic focus may be the only option for selected patients with refractory epilepsy. Accurate determination of the focus is of paramount diagnostic importance, from a better selection of surgical candidates to improvement of surgery outcome. A novel localization algorithm has been developed, based on methods of measurement of information flow and its further processing. We used the measure of Generalized Partial Directed Coherence (GPDC) for analysis of long-term interictal (between seizures) intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) signals from 3 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy to quantify the directional information flows between brain sites, and an outlier detection statistic to identify the brain site receiving the maximum and most frequent information inflow from the other recording sites. In two out of the three patients the clinically assessed focus was detected by the algorithm as a statistically significant (p<;0.01) outlier with respect to information inflow. In the third patient, even though not statistically significant (at significance level a=0.01), the focus still had the highest inflow value. These results indicate that estimation of brain's connectivity from advanced analysis of iEEG may shed light on localization of the epileptogenic focus and lead to a more accurate pre-surgical evaluation of epileptic patients.
Remodeling of the lectin–EGF-like domain interface in P- and L-selectin increases adhesiveness and shear resistance under hydrodynamic force

Remodeling of the lectin–EGF-like domain interface in P- and L-selectin increases adhesiveness and shear resistance under hydrodynamic force
Mattel, Lead Paint, and Magnets: Ethics and Supply Chain Management

Over a period of 19 months in 2006 and 2007, Mattel recalled approximately 14 million toys. The company was subjected to numerous lawsuits and regulatory actions and suffered severe damage to its reputation. Two issues were involved: excessive levels of lead in numerous toy surface paints and small detachable magnets in some toys, which could be swallowed. An examination of the facts shows that two different ethical situations were involved—one concerning product design and the other concerning manufacturing practices of Mattel's Chinese contractors and subcontractors. The ethical obligations of the company and individuals within the company in the two situations were quite different, and illustrate problems faced by companies in managing their global supply chains.
Low power wake-up receiver with unique node addressing

Power consumption and battery life are of critical importance for medical implant devices. For this reason, devices being designed for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications must consume very little power. To conserve power, most devices can be turned off or put to sleep when not in use. However, a WBAN transceiver must be listening at all times, or listen at predetermined intervals for incoming transmissions. This paper proposes a wake-up circuit topology, where an ultra-low power receiver listens for a wake up signal identifying the target node, and wakes up the primary receiver only when that node is called upon. Therefore, when a wake up signal is transmitted to the nodes on a network, our wake-up receiver allows all the nodes on a network except the targeted node to remain asleep to save power.
Viburnum Phylogeny Based on Chloroplast trnK Intron and Nuclear Ribosomal ITS DNA Sequences

Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast trnK intron and nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences yield signie cant improvements in our understanding of relationships, character evolution, and biogeography in Viburnum (Adoxaceae). We cone rm that most of the ten traditionally recognized sections are monophyletic. The most striking exception is Odontotinus , which is divided into: (i) a purple-fruited New World clade within which the Latin American section Oreinotinus is nested, and (ii) an Old World, mostly red-fruited clade that is closely related to V. cylindricum (section Megalotinus ) and the New World, purple-fruited V. acerifolium . We identify three major supra-sectional groupings: (i) a clade consisting of the Odonto- tinus-Oreinotinus -Megalotinus complex,the circum-boreal section Opulus, andtheEurasiansection Tinus,(ii)acladecontaining the Old World section Viburnum, the New World section Lentago, and, with less support, section Pseudotinus , and (iii) aclade containing the Asian sections Tomentosa and Solenotinus . Two species are not clearly allied to any of these supra-sectional clades: V. urceolatum , a Taiwanese/Japanese species traditionally placed in section Viburnum, and V. clemensiae , a Bornean species previously assigned to section Solenotinus . The placement of the root also remains uncertain, but probably does not fall within any of the three major supra-sectional clades. Knowledge of relationships within sections is useful in clarifying historical biogeography and the evolution of sterile e owers and fruit color. The one case of cone ict between datasets high- lights a possible instance of homoploid hybrid speciation.
Project Management for Quality Improvement in Radiology.

OBJECTIVE. This article outlines a structured approach for applying project management principles to quality improvement in radiology. We highlight the framework we use for managing improvement projects in our department and review basic project management principles. CONCLUSION. Project management involves techniques for executing projects effectively and efficiently. We recognize the following phases for managing improvement projects: idea, project evaluation and selection, role assignment, planning, improvement, and sustaining improvement.
Physiological concentrations of insulin and T3 stimulate 3T3-L1 adipocyte acyl-CoA synthetase gene transcription

Acyl-CoAsynthetase (ACS) is a key gene for cellular utilization of long-chain fatty acids. We characterized its regulation by physiological concentrations of insulin that acutely regulate metabolis...
On the Ambiguity and Finite-Valuedness Problems in Acceptors and Transducers

We prove new decidability and undecidability results concerning the finite-ambiguity problem in acceptors, and the finite-valuedness and lossiness problems in transducers. The acceptors and transducers we study have infinite memory.
Global Discord of Three Quantum Dots in a Driven Cavity with Dissipation in the Steady State

Global Discord is calculated for three identical quantum dots interacting with a quantized cavity field in presence of dissipation, detuning, and driving field in the steady state and correlations with output field behavior is explored.
Ghostly Gunslingers: the Postmortem Lives of the Kiel Brothers, Nevada's First Frontiersmen

In October 1900, Edwin and William Kiel were killed outside of Nevada's oldest standing structure in North Las Vegas. Since their death, the Kiel brothers have been analysed by bioarchaeologists and forensic experts. Their ranch, now a historic site, remains the property of the city of North Las Vegas and is a contested space which has seen little development. In this article, we discuss the post-mortem social lives of the brothers within the context of debates about the ranch and the brother's bones which remain separated. How the brothers have taken on various symbolic forms after death and how their bones have not yet been returned to the site are examined. We document the ways the brothers have been used rhetorically as tools by the living as they have debated the future of the ranch. We argue that the brother's bones, even in their absence, are effective tools in ongoing political debates. This article provides an example of how absent bodies, or bodies out of place, can serve as secondary agents. Additionally, the study provides bioarchaeologists with a narrative of how the dead are more than tools but may unexpectedly alter human behaviour.
Harmonic maps from 2-complexes

Let Isom+(H) denote the Lie group of orientation-preserving isometries of H3 and Γ be a discrete group. Any discrete and faithful representation ρ : Γ → Isom+(H) gives rise to a hyperbolic manifold H3/ρ(Γ) and an isomorphism Γ ≈ π1(H/ρ(Γ)) that is well defined up to conjugation. The space H3(Γ) of conjugacy classes of discrete and faithful representations ρ : Γ→ Isom+(H) can be compactified by projective limits of length functions associated to the representations where the length function lρk : Γ→ R+ of ρk : Γ→ Isom+(H) is lρk(g) = inf z∈H3 dH3(z, ρk(g)z).
RARE-16MULTIFOCAL GLIOBLASTOMA: A PEDIATRIC CASE AND LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION: Multifocal glioblastoma is a rare entity in adults and children with an extremely poor prognosis. Multifocal GBM is thought to arise from the spread of the tumor via a connecting pathway. Because of this spread, complete resection is generally unfeasible, especially if it involves deep brain structures. Few cases have been reported in pediatric patients; here we present a pediatric case and literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient is a 14 year old Caucasian girl who presented following several weeks of headache, vertigo, nausea, and visual blurriness. An MRI of her head revealed a large expansile mass centered in the right thalamus with areas of central necrosis causing mass effect and involvement of the right basal ganglia, medial right temporal lobe, and hippocampus with additional foci identified in the left corpus callosum, hypothalamus, and lateral cerebellum. MRI of the spine showed no additional sites of disease. She was admitted and underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy, biopsy of the left periventricular tumor, fenestration of the septum pellucidum, and placement of an external ventricular drain. Pathology showed a WHO grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma. Two treatment options were considered: primary chemoradiotherapy or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The survival benefit of the surgical approach in multifocal disease is unclear; however, primary radiotherapy has the risk of swelling leading to decreased quality of life. Because of concerns of edema with primary radiotherapy, and in light of the fact that she was already experiencing progressive symptoms due to mass effect, she underwent subtotal resection. Pathology at that time showed small amounts of necrosis making her lesion a grade IV tumor. She then proceeded to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Multifocal glioblastoma is a rarely encountered brain tumor in children with inadequate treatment options. We present a case and literature review of this entity.
The Effectiveness of a Pneumatic Compression Belt in Reducing Respiratory Motion of Abdominal Tumors in Patients Undergoing Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Purpose:Abdominal compression using a pneumatic abdominal compression belt developed in-house has been used to reduce respiratory motion of patients undergoing hypofractionated or single fraction s...
Abstract 1281: Endothelial cells promote the cancer stem cell phenotype of human colorectal cancer cells

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC), which possess the properties of self-renewal, multi-potential differentiation and tumor initiation, can arise either from normal stem cells or due to the influence of the tumor micro-environment. This study was done to determine the potential role of endothelial cell (EC) derived paracrine factors on promoting the CSC phenotype in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods: RFP-labeled human CRC cells HCT116 were co-cultured with RF24 ECs (immortalized HUVECs) under low serum conditions. After FAC-sorting for the CRC cells, the CSC population was analyzed by 1) the Aldefluor assay, 2) sphere forming ability, and 3) Western blot analysis for the CSC markers CD133 and CD44. In addition, low serum condition media obtained from either ECs or parental CRC cells (control), was added to CRC cells to determine its effect on the CSC phenotype. In order to characterize the apoptotic effect of EC derived factors on CRC cells, we performed Annexin V staining by FACS, PARP cleavage, Caspase 3 cleavage, and Bcl2 levels by Western blotting. Using MTT assay, we determined the effect of EC derived factors on chemo-sensitivity of CRC cells exposed to 5-FU. Results: Co-culturing of CRC cells with ECs markedly increased the ALDH-positive population from 5% to 18%, and the sphere forming ability by more than 4-fold in CRC cells. In addition, CRC cells also displayed increased CD133 (6-fold) and CD44 (4-fold) protein levels. Furthermore, this effect could be mimicked simply by co-culturing CRC cells with conditioned media obtained from ECs. Similarly, treatment of CRC cells with conditioned medium from ECs significantly increased the ALDH-positive population from 4% to 8%, sphere forming ability >3-fold, and the expression of CD133 (7-fold) and CD44 (6-fold). Conditioned medium from ECs, concomitantly decreased spontaneous apoptosis in CRC cells as demonstrated by a 3-fold decrease in Annexin V-positive population (21% to 7%), down-regulation of cleaved PARP and Caspase 3, and up-regulation of Bcl2. CRC cells exposed to EC conditioned medium also displayed decreased sensitivity to 5-FU [>10-fold increase of the IC50 from 2.0 μg/ml to 22.3 μg/ml (p Conclusions: Exposure of CRCs to ECs increased CSC properties, and decreased spontaneous apoptosis. Since, this effect can also be mimicked by the conditioned media, additional experiments to identify and validate the soluble factors that mediate this effect are in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1281.
Negotiated Subjugation: Maritime Trade and the Incorporation of Chincha Into the Inca Empire

ABSTRACTBefore Francisco Pizarro began the conquest of the Inca empire in AD 1532, he had already heard of the great maritime trading power of Chincha, a privileged Inca client state on the central Peruvian coast. Here, we review relevant ethnohistoric and archaeological data about late prehispanic Chincha with particular reference to maritime trading and recent work on pre-industrial economies. Our analysis supports an earlier proposal that Chincha was not engaged in long-distance exchange of Spondylus (a ritually powerful mollusk) prior to incorporation into the empire, contrary to others’ assertions. Rather, the data strongly suggest that Spondylus trade was formerly in the hands of the rival north coast Chimu empire. After conquering Chimu ∼AD 1470 (a few years before incorporating Chincha), the Inca carefully dismantled Chimu territory and privileges. The source of Spondylus was the Ecuadorian coast, which remained free of Inca control until the 1520s. We propose that the Inca offered Chincha the Spo...
Erythroid blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia: Case report and review of literature

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder where over a period of time 15–20% of patients show blastic transformation with majority transforming into acute myeloid leukemia, most of which are of granulocytic lineage. Erythroid blast phase of CML is relatively rare with the incidence ranging from 0–10%. Further the incidence of acute erythroid leukemia by itself is fairly low amongst all acute leukemias. We report a case of 41-year-old patient with CML who failed to achieve cytogenetic remission, transformed to acute erythroid leukemia and eventually succumbed to the disease over a short period of time. Related literature is also reviewed
POISSON PROCESS-BASED TRAFFIC EXCITATION MODEL FOR HIGHWAY BRIDGES AND ITS STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS

A stochastic model of traffic excitation was developed based on Poisson process.The spectrum density matrix of the proposed model was constructed and its properties are investigated.The frequency domain and time domain responses of a highway bridge subjected to the proposed excitation model were analysed with the theory of random vibration in consideration of the characteristics of stationary random process.Numerical example shows that the proposed model can response the spatial correlation of the traffic excitation and tallies with the real traffic excitation that the bridge is subjected to.
Presidential Impeachment and the New Political Instability in Latin America: PRESIDENTIAL CRISES AND THE DECLINE OF MILITARY INTERVENTION

What are the consequences of presidential crises for democratic stability? To what extent has the “third wave” of democratization reduced the risk of democratic breakdown and increased the likelihood of impeachments as a result of executive-legislative conflicts? This chapter places those questions in historical perspective by comparing fifty-eight presidential crises that took place in Latin America between 1950 and 2004. In the first section of the chapter, I document the expansion of democracy and the related decline in military interventions that took place in Latin America after the late 1970s. Section two introduces the concept of presidential crisis – a situation in which one of the elected branches of government attempts to dissolve the other. In the following sections, I show that similar episodes of executive-legislative conflict have resulted in very different historical outcomes. I discuss presidential crises not only in terms of their consequences for the political regime (disruption, breakdown, or survival) but also in terms of their impact on checks and balances (whether one of the two branches asserts itself over the other). I map nine possible pathways from presidential crises and discuss historical instances of these ideal types. The comparative analysis suggests that the incentives confronted by military officers in most Latin American countries changed significantly during the 1980s. As a result of those changes, the army withdrew from politics and civilian politicians found themselves unable to transform disputes over policy into broader disputes over the nature of the regime.
Integrating Parallel File I/O and Database Support for High-Performance Scientific Data Management

Many scientific applications have large I/O requirements, in terms of both the size of data and the number of files or data sets. Management, storage, efficient access, and analysis of these data present an extremely challenging task. Traditionally, two different solutions are used for this problem: file I/O or databases. File I/O can provide high performance but is tedious to use with large numbers of files and large and complex data sets. Databases can be convenient, flexible, and powerful but do not perform and scale well for parallel supercomputing applications. We have developed a software system, called Scientific Data Manager (SDM), which aims to combine the good features of both file I/O and databases. SDM provides a high-level API to the user and, internally, uses a parallel file system to store real data and a database to store appreciation-related metadata. SDM takes advantage of various I/O optimizations available in MPI-IO, such as collective I/O and noncontiguous requests, in a manner that is transparent to the user. As a result, users can write and retrieve data with the performance of parallel file I/O, without having to bother with the details of actually performing file I/O.In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of SDM. With the help of two parallel application templates, ASTRO3D and an Euler solver, we illustrate how some of the design criteria affect performance.
Minocycline for reduction of patient-reported symptoms during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: First results of a randomized trial.

6040 Background: Local and systemic symptoms during radiation therapy (RT) may be exacerbated by dysregulated inflammation and its downstream toxic effects. Minocycline (mino) can suppress pro-infl...
Focus on Inclusive Education: Meeting Child Find Through Response to Intervention

Nearly 2.3 million students (approximately 4.5% of the school-age population) in the United States have been identified as having specific learning disabilities (SLDs) (U.S. Department of Education...
Abstract 15500: The Role of Pericardial Delayed Hyper-Enhancement in Predicting Patients With Chronic Refractory Pericarditis Needing Treatment With Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs or Biological Agents

Background: Pericardial delayed hyperenhancement (DHE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging indicates chronic inflammatory pericarditis. We hypothesized that increased baseline DHE might identify patients at higher risk of developing chronic refractory recurrent pericarditis needing initiation of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) or biological agents. Methods: This is a retrospective study of recurrent pericarditis (RP) patients who underwent DHE imaging and had follow-up. Patients already on or those started on DMARDs/Biological agents immediately after CMR were excluded. Pericardial inflammation was quantified on short-axis DHE sequences by contouring the pericardium, selecting normal septal myocardium as a reference region, and then quantifying the pericardial signal that was > 6 SD above the reference. Primary outcome was initiation of DMARDs/Biological agents. Secondary outcome was clinical improvement defined as successful tapering of Anti-inflammatory agents to a stable minimal dose with no recurrence for at least 3 months. Results: Among 144 patients with RP, 31 patients (22%) were started on DMARDs/Biological agents and 59(42%) had clinical improvement at the end of follow up period. In multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model, patients with higher baseline quantitative pericardial DHE (HR: 1.01; 95 % CI: 1.00-1.02; p = 0.03) had earlier initiation of DMARDs/Biologics after adjusting for age, gender, medication use, etiology and disease activity. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with quantitative DHE > 46 cm 3 had significantly higher chances of being started on DMARDs/Biologics (p=0.03). Patients with lower baseline quantitative DHE had higher chances of clinical improvement (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98-0.99;p=0.006). Conclusions: Baseline quantitative DHE predicted patients who were at higher risk of developing chronic refractory recurrent pericarditis needing DMARDs/Biologics.
SNPs in Region of NF-Kappa-B Gene Associated with Expression of Immune-Related Genes

Selection to enhance immune response is difficult. Gene expression was assessed in two advanced intercross lines of chickens for various immune-related genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, were identified in regions local to each gene and around a distant transcription factor, NF-Kappa-B, NFKB. These SNPs were used to identify expression QTL, eQTL, to aid in selection of immune gene expression. These eQTL may provide effective resources to which marker assisted selection may be applied.
Health implications of residues of veterinary drugs and chemicals in animal tissues.

The animal drug approval process in the United States is based upon the premise that the presence of drug residues in meat and poultry above tolerance is a public health hazard. Tolerances represent the maximum level of concentration of antimicrobials permitted in animal tissues at the time of slaughter. The tolerances are intended to ensure that residual drugs will have no harmful effects if ingested. The purpose of this article is to present existing evidence of the acute and chronic health consequences that may occur because of food of animal origin contaminated with illegal residues above the tolerance. The impact of foodborne drug residues on the gut microfiora, residue detection limitations, and the responsibility of the veterinary practitioner in ensuring food safety is discussed.
Fast toeplitz orthogonalization using inner decompositions

A new method for the orthogonalization of complex m by n Toeplitz matrices of full rank is presented. An inverse $QR$ factorization is computed in $9mn + (27/2)n^2 $ multiplications and divisions. This method uses inner products and projections in the same spirit as lattice algorithms for linear prediction do.
Resource Letter PB-1: The Physics of the Brain

This Resource Letter provides an overview of the literature relating physicists' past, present, and future contributions to our understanding of the brain. It is intended as a starting point for upper-level physics students and physicists who are interested in learning about and/or investigating the brain. Topics include the biophysics of individual neurons, models of learning and memory, structure and dynamics of brain networks, brain-inspired computing hardware, and the possible role that quantum mechanics may play in brain function.
Abstract 196: Comorbid Psychiatric Disease is Associated With Lower Rates of Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) improves outcomes after acute ischemic strokes (AIS) but is underutilized in vulnerable patients such as racial minorities, women, and those with low in...
G ST ' , Jost's D, and FST are similarly constrained by allele frequencies: A mathematical, simulation, and empirical study.

Statistics GST' and Jost's D have been proposed for replacing FST as measures of genetic differentiation. A principal argument in favour of these statistics is the independence of their maximal values with respect to the subpopulation heterozygosity HS , a property not shared by FST . Nevertheless, it has been unclear if these alternative differentiation measures are constrained by other aspects of the allele frequencies. Here, for biallelic markers, we study the mathematical properties of the maximal values of GST' and D, comparing them to those of FST . We show that GST' and D exhibit the same peculiar frequency-dependence phenomena as FST , including a maximal value as a function of the frequency of the most frequent allele that lies well below one. Although the functions describing GST' , D, and FST in terms of the frequency of the most frequent allele are different, the allele frequencies that maximize them are identical. Moreover, we show using coalescent simulations that when taking into account the specific maximal values of the three statistics, their behaviours become similar across a large range of migration rates. We use our results to explain two empirical patterns: the similar values of the three statistics among North American wolves, and the low D values compared to GST' and FST in Atlantic salmon. The results suggest that the three statistics are often predictably similar, so that they can make quite similar contributions to data analysis. When they are not similar, the difference can be understood in relation to features of genetic diversity.
Recommendations to Increase Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training Intensity During Quadriceps Treatments for Orthopedic Knee Conditions.

ABSTRACT Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used by clinicians as a therapeutic adjunct to improve quadriceps strength deficits following orthopedic knee conditions. The efficacy of NMES treatments is primarily dependent on the NMES training intensity, which is a direct result of NMES-induced torque production. The importance of NMES training intensity is well known, yet adequate NMES training intensities are often difficult to achieve due to a variety of limitations associated with NMES (eg, fatigue and patient discomfort). This article provides recommendations that a clinician can use to increase NMES training intensity when strengthening the quadriceps with NMES for orthopedic knee conditions. These recommendations should allow forceful contractions that can be sustained over a treatment with multiple repetitions without the rapid decline in force that is typically seen when NMES is used.
Abstract 2842: Vesal Yaghoobi

Background: It has been shown that even after adjusting for clinical stage at presentation and socio-economic variables, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) still has a worse overall outcome in African American (AA) compared to Non-African American (NAA) patients. The abundance and composition of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is a powerful prognostic factor in TNBC. Our goal was to assess if differences exist in CD8, CD68 and PD-L1 protein expression between AA and NAA TNBC. We hypothesize that the microenvironment of African AA TNBC patients may be different than that of NAAs. Method: We selected N=43 AA and N=43 NAA TNBC samples from the Yale Pathology archives that were matched by diagnosis date. We measured CD8, CD68 and PD-L1 protein expression in both the tumor and stromal compartments in whole slides from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues using multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). The average of each marker expression was calculated in all Fields of View (FOV), and the top 10% brightest FOV of each slide (i.e. hotspot). Results: The frequency of macrophages, as assessed by the expression of CD68 was significantly higher in AA compared to NAA. This was seen by overall assessment for all FOV (mean NAA=2273au versus mean AA=3627au; p = 0.0052), and in hotspot FOVs (mean NAA=4858au versus mean AA=6371au; p = 0.0411), and also for assessments in tumor and stromal subcompartments. Expression of CD8 positive cytotoxic T cells was significantly lower in AA compared to NAA, but only when measuring hotspots in the tumor compartment (p=0.017). Conclusion: The significantly higher CD68 and lower CD8 expression in AA compared to NAA TNBC might contribute to a more immune attenuated microenvironment. We are currently further characterizing the macrophage polarity and the cytokine milieu of these samples. Citation Format: Vesal Yaghoobi, Vasiliki Pelekanou, Tess O9Meara, Andrea Silber, Lajos Pusztai, David Rimm. Vesal Yaghoobi [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2842.