cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting estimates, uncertainty aversion and investment horizon

Fair value estimates in accounting often reveal bad news, measured with varying degrees of uncertainty. However, it is unclear how investors interpret greater uncertainty about bad news. On one hand, investors may place less weight on bad news as uncertainty increases; on the other, investors may be more likely to view bad news as the “tip of the iceberg” as uncertainty increases. I conduct two experiments to test how investors react to uncertainty in fair value estimates that reveal bad news, and whether such reactions vary with investment horizon. I find that investors react more negatively to bad news as uncertainty increases, and that this negative reaction is stronger for short-horizon investors. I also find that at least part of the difference between short and long-horizon investors’ reactions to uncertainty results from the unintended influence of horizon-induced mindset rather than from economic reasoning. I discuss implications for managers, investors, and researchers.
How Visual Processing and Need for Cognition Impact Sponsored Event Outcomes

In a field study at a professional tennis event, the authors examine attendees’ visual processing and need for cognition in sponsorship processing. To add a managerial perspective, depth interviews are conducted with senior managers in sport/event management. Field study findings demonstrate that attendees who are high in need for cognition are more likely to evaluate a non-endemic title sponsor as fitting with the event, because they tend to elaborate, or think about how the two fit more so than attendees who are lower in need for cognition. Sports marketing executives discuss practices for how they integrate visual communication and cognitive tools and expand on the field study results with additional managerial insights.
Characterization of the regulatory functions of the equine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early gene product.

Use of the translation-inhibiting drug cycloheximide has indicated that the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early (IE) gene, the sole EHV-1 IE gene, encodes a major viral regulatory protein since IE mRNA translation is a prerequisite for all further viral gene expression (W.L. Gray, R. P. Baumann, A. T. Robertson, G. B. Caughman, D. J. O'Callaghan, and J. Staczek, Virology 158:79-87, 1987). An EHV-1 IE gene expression vector (pSVIE) in combination with chimeric EHV-1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs was used in transient transfection assays to characterize the regulatory functions of the IE gene product. These experiments demonstrated that (i) the EHV-1 IE gene product is a bifunctional protein capable of both positive and negative modulation of gene expression; (ii) the IE gene product possesses an autoregulatory function which represses the IE promoter; (iii) IE autoregulation is dependent on IE promoter sequences mapping within positions -288 to +73 relative to the transcription initiation site (+1) of the IE gene; (iv) the IE gene product can independently activate the EHV-1 tk promoter (an early promoter) by as much as 60-fold; (v) two EHV-1 beta-gamma (leaky late) promoters, those of IR5 (gene 5 in the inverted repeat) and the glycoprotein D gene, demonstrate a requirement for both the IE gene product as well as a gene product encoded within the EHV-1 XbaI G fragment for significant activation; and (vi) the IE gene product is capable of activating heterologous viral promoters.
Activated C3 (C3b) in the nephritic glomerulus.

An autoradiographic technique was developed to assess in the nephritic glomerulus the relative amount of C3 which is in the activated form, C3b, compared with the inactivated form, iC3b. Frozen renal biopsy sections from children and young adults with glomerulonephritis were assessed for the C3b fraction of total C3, using a radiolabeled monoclonal anti-C3c. Grain counts with this antibody, before and after reacting the section with 0.0002% typsin, gave the relative amounts of total C3 and C3b, respectively. C3b was found in all diseases studied. To explain its presence, glomerular C3b acceptors which would restrict C3b inactivation were sought by immuno-fluorescence studies. C3b acceptor candidates were: igG in aggregated form, IgA as found in the IgA nephropathies and the C3/C5 convertase, C4b,2a,3b. In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type III, diseases in which these acceptors were lacking, it is postulated that the nephritis strain-associated protein and absence of membrane cofactor protein, respectively, may be responsible for C3b deposition. The phlogistic effect of C3b is mediated largely by one of its products, C5b-9. However, the C3b: total C3 ratio failed to correlate with indices of glomerular inflammation. probably in part because the ratio is not a measure of total glomerular C3b.
The selective formation of neutral, heteroleptic zinc(II) complexes via self-discrimination of chiral bisoxazoline racemates and pseudoracemates

The reversible metal-directed multi-component self-assembly of chiral bisoxazolines proceeds with a high level of chiral self-discrimination and thus defines a simple strategy for the preparation of neutral, heteroleptic zinc(II) complexes.
Ndt and its application in airline inspection

Abstract A selection of some typical ndt applications used by American Airlines Inc to ensure the integrity of flight equipment is given. Examples illustrating the wide use of ultrasonics and eddy-current techniques are described, the author indicating the factors that determine the choice of technique. Finally, the use of magnetic particle, dye penetrant and radiographic methods of inspection are briefly reviewed.
Migration of recharge waters downgradient from the Santa Catalina Mountains into the Tucson basin aquifer, Arizona, USA

Aquifers in the arid alluvial basins of the southwestern U.S. are recharged predominantly by infiltration from streams and playas within the basins and by water entering along the margins of the basins. The Tucson basin of southeastern Arizona is such a basin. The Santa Catalina Mountains form the northern boundary of this basin and receive more than twice as much precipitation (ca. 700 mm/year) as does the basin itself (ca. 300 mm/year). In this study environmental isotopes were employed to investigate the migration of precipitation basinward through shallow joints and fractures. Water samples were obtained from springs and runoff in the Santa Catalina Mountains and from wells in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains. Stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) and thermonuclear-bomb-produced tritium enabled qualitative characterization of flow paths and flow velocities. Stable-isotope measurements show no direct altitude effect. Tritium values indicate that although a few springs and wells discharge pre-bomb water, most springs discharge waters from the 1960s or later.
Influence of freezing temperatures on a cactus, Coryphantha vivipara

Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britton & Rose var. deserti (Engelm.) W.T. Marshall (Cactaceae) survived snow and tissue temperatures of-12°C in southern Nevada. However, the freezing point depression of the cell sap was only about 0.9°C. When the nocturnal air temperature in the laboratory was reduced from 10°C to-10°C for one night, the optimum temperature for CO2 uptake shifted from 10°C to 6°C and uptake was reduced 70%, but full recovery to the original values occurred in 4 days. Nocturnal temperatures of-15°C killed 2 out of 5 plants and-20°C killed 5 out of 5, as judged by lack of net CO2 uptake at night over a 2-month observation period. when the stems were cooled at 2° C/h, supercooling to about-6°C occurred followed by an exothermic reaction that presumably represented the freezing of extracellular water. When the subzero temperature was lowered further, no other exothermic reaction was observed and the cells became progressively dehydrated. Freezing-induced tissue death was ascribed to this cellular dehydration, which led to about 94% loss of intracellular water at-15°C. when the tissue temperature was lowered, the ability of chlorenchyma cells to plasmolyze and to take up a stain decreased, both being nearly 70% inhibited at-15°C and completely abolished at-20°C. Some cold-bardening occurred, since lowering the air temperature from 30° to-10°C in 10°C increments at weekly intervals caused the subzero temperature for 50% inhibition of staining to decrease from-10°C to-17°C. Extension of the range of C. vivipara to regions with wintertime freezing apparently reflects the tolerance of considerable freeze dehydration by its protoplasts.
Reliability and validity of the Fear Survey Schedule for Infants-Preschoolers

The aim of this research was to examine the reliability and validity of a new questionnaire to measure fears in young children. One hundred and thirty-three parents of children 18 months to 5 years of age completed the Fear Survey Schedule for Infants—Preschoolers (FSSIP). Parents and other caregivers were interviewed and completed questionnaires concerning child fearfulness, and child fearful behavior was observed. The FSSIP demonstrated high internal consistency, low-to-moderate test–retest correlations over an average of 6 months, and good convergent and discriminant validity. With further research, the FSSIP could aid in the investigation of the duration and consequences of fears in young children. Depression and Anxiety, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fiber breakage in metal matrix composites : Reality or artifact?

How embarrassing is it when research scientists draw conclusions based on what appears to be solid evidence, and present and publish these results which ultimately are found to be incorrect? Such a situation appears to have arisen in the conclusion that a very large number of fiber breaks appear to be a characteristic of in-phase thermomechanical fatigue (IP TMF) of SiC reinforced titanium composites. What has been puzzling all along is the inability to explain the load carrying capability of 0{degree} fibers at elevated temperatures where fiber/matrix interfacial strengths are almost non-existent, where residual thermal stresses are negligible, and where multiple fiber breaks have been observed in nearly every fiber at spacings of only a few diameters. equally puzzling is the inconsistency between acoustic emission (AE) observations which indicate only a limited number of fiber break events (4) and observations on carefully polished metallographic surfaces which indicate hundreds of closely spaced fiber breaks involving nearly every fiber. To help explain these apparent discrepancies, the authors present experimental verification and a simple analysis intended to demonstrate that large numbers of fiber breaks, which they denote as pseudo fiber breaks (PFBs), do not occur under in-phase TMF, creep, or LCF. Instead, PFBsmore » appear solely as the result of mechanical polishing procedures on specimens which have been subjected to such loading conditions and are a direct result of a state of residual tension in brittle ceramic fibers.« less
Religiosity, refusal efficacy, and substance use among African-American adolescents and young adults.

Abstract Research points toward multiple pathways (i.e., psychosocial domains) through which religiosity influences substance use behaviors. This study examined whether refusal efficacy mediated the relationship between religiosity and substance use in African-American adolescents and young adults. Four hundred thirty-five urban and rural African-Americans, aged between 12 and 25, completed measures of private and public religiosity, refusal efficacy, and substance use (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use). Tests for mediation were computed with private and public religiosity as independent variables, drug refusal efficacy as mediator, and substance use as the criterion. Results show that drug refusal efficacy mediated the relationship between private religiosity and tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drug use, but not for alcohol use. Refusal efficacy also mediated the relationship between public religiosity and alcohol use, but not for other licit and illicit substances. The...
Computed tomography image-guided catheter ablation of a focal atrial tachycardia from the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva.

A 69-year-old woman underwent catheter ablation of requent episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycaria. Electrophysiological study demonstrated an incessant ocal atrial tachycardia (AT) with a cycle length of 420 ms. iatrial electroanatomical mapping using the CARTO sysem (Biosense-Webster, Diamond Bar, CA) located the arly sites of activation on the interatrial septum just poserior to the His bundle region. Attempts at ablation from oth the right and left atrial aspects of the septum were nsuccessful. By registration of the right atrium (RA) and the aorta, a reprocedural computed tomography (CT) image was suerimposed on the electroanatomic maps. A 4-mm-tip Naistar ablation catheter (Biosense-Webster) was passed rom the right femoral artery to the aortic root and was ositioned in the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva, just oppo-
Technology, Narcissism, and the Moral Sense: Implications for Instruction

Numerous researchers (Kohn, 1994; Kottler, 1992; Katz, 1993a, 1995; Streibel, 1994; Tingle, 1992) have recently examined the rise of narcissism in American culture and especially its relationship to education. However, William Damon's (1995) analysis of narcissism, which he frames against the larger dynamic of related social and cultural realities, is particularly engaging, although somewhat ominous: “Our heightened concern with children's internal mental states has combined with the increased child-centeredness of modern times to create crippling imbalances in children's views of themselves and the world. When we tell children that their first goal is self-love, we are suggesting to them that they are the center of the universe. By contributing further to the already child-centered orientation of modern culture, this emphasis can push a child toward a narcissistic insensitivity to the needs of others. We should not dispute the value of self-love, but we should question its utility as a primary goal in raising and educating children.” (p. 77) Damon's assessment of child-rearing practices offers compelling reasons to reconsider self-love as the central focus of such practices. His comments are additionally significant because they suggest a causative connection between child-centeredness and narcissism and between narcissism and social insensitivity. “In citing these connections, Damon is echoing Christopher Lasch's (1979) equally troubling warning made almost twenty years ago in The Culture of Narcissism—a warning linking the ‘culture of narcissism’ to numerous dysfunctions within social institutions, including a multiplicity of failings in schooling.” (Ryan, 1997, p. 233)
Risks Perceived by Organic Grain Farmers in the Central USA

ABSTRACT To understand risk issues of U.S. organic grain farmers, six listening sessions were conducted in parts of the major grain producing regions in spring 2004. The views expressed at these sessions suggested the importance and uniqueness of risks in organic grain farming. Regional differences were observed, but many problems were common, including the limited availability of market information, shortfall of crop insurance policies, and revenue losses from on-farm storage, emergent marketing channels, and potential contamination. Our findings clearly imply a role for public and private institutions to collect and offer information on the organic markets and to educate the sectors supporting organic producers.
Completeness of corrective smoothed particle method for linear elastodynamics

Two different solution algorithms of the corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM) are developed and examined with linear elastodynamic problems. One is to use the corrective first derivative approximations to solve the stress-based momentum equations, with stresses evaluated from the strains. This is an approach that has widely been adopted in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods. The other is new, in which the corrective second derivative approximations are used to directly solve the displacement-based Navier equations. The former satisfies the nodal completeness condition but lacks integrability; on the contrary, the latter is truly complete. Numerical tests show that the latter outperforms the former as well as other existing SPH methods, as expected.
Segmentation of radiographic cervical images with neuro-fuzzy classification of multiresolution wavelets

Segmentation of medical images poses a critical problem in image analysis. Segmenting a scene into different regions in the absence of sufficient apriori information is a challenging problem. A multiresolution image representation approach is presented here which makes use of a fuzzy neural network to segment a reconstructed image from wavelet decomposition into regions of interest. The multiresolution wavelets provide a basis for analyzing the information content of the image with global as well as local perspectives. The higher resolution levels contain information pertaining to the finer details while the lower resolutions capture the global features. A neuro-fuzzy algorithm facilitates the segmentation of the wavelet reconstructed image into different regions based on image intensity. The proposed algorithm has been applied to images of different kinds and has yielded promising results. The concept of using multiresolution wavelets and a neuro-fuzzy classification scheme has the added advantage of flexibility in the level of segmentation achieved.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electron beam-induced phase decompositiqn of cordierite and enstatite

Abstract Electron irradiation induces phase decomposition of single-crystal enstatite (MgSiO3) to polycrystalline forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and vitreous silica and phase decomposition of cordierite (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2=Mg2Al4Si5O18) to polycrystalline spinel (MgAl2O4) and vitreous silica. The decomposition processes are observed to occur in two steps and involve an intermediate amorphous phase which nucleates from the free surface before final recrystallization. Ion-beam thinning of these silicates accelerates the decomposition.
The acquisition of colour terms.

The acquisition of colour terms in pre-school-aged children was investigated in two studies. The first study explored the role of conceptual factors in 2-, 3- and 4-year-old children's performance on two tasks. Comprehension and production of basic colour words were tested using stimuli that varied in focality. The results confirmed earlier research demonstrating the important and early influence of focality on children's colour concepts and developing colour lexicon. However, only moderate support was obtained for the order-of-acquisition hypothesis proposed by Berlin & Kay (1969). Quite large discrepancies between comprehension and production were found in this study, with no clear relationship between these two performances. In the second study the role of maternal input on children's learning of colour words was investigated, using the spontaneous speech transcripts from Adam, Eve and Sarah. Significant correlations between mothers' and children's uses of specific colour words were found across all three subjects. The findings from both studies confirm that both conceptual and environmental factors are important in shaping the child's developing colour concepts and colour lexicon, particularly for mapping out the boundaries of the basic colour spaces, which are culturally, rather than innately, determined.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pra1p/Yip3p interacts with Yip1p and Rab proteins.

Abstract The regulation of membrane traffic involves the Rab family of Ras-related GTPases, of which there are a total of 11 members in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous work has identified PRA1 as a dual prenylated Rab GTPase and VAMP2 interacting protein [Martinic et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26991–26998]. In this study we demonstrate that the yeast counterpart of PRA1 interacts with Rab proteins and with Yip1p, a membrane protein of unknown function that has been reported to interact specifically with the Rab proteins Ypt1p and Ypt31p. Yeast Pra1p/Yip3p is a factor capable of biochemical interaction with a panel of different Rab proteins and does not show in vitro specificity for any particular Rab. The interactions between Pra1p/Yip3p and Rab proteins are dependent on the presence of the Rab protein C-terminal cysteines and require C-terminal prenylation.
"'The Sad Situation of Civilians and Soldiers': The Banditry of Zapatismo in the Mexican Revolution"

THROUGHOUT THE COURSE OF THE Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), Emiliano Zapata and his followers-who together formed the most renowned peasant rebellion in Mexican history-were often considered bandits by those who purported to govern Mexico. That was more or less how polite society in Mexico City thought of them when, in March 1911, they rose up from their villages in the south-central state of Morelos and surrounding areas against dictator Porfirio Diaz. Indeed, Diaz had ruled in the name of order and progress for thirty-five years, and during that time he had often defined rural unrest as banditry and punished it accordingly. He had also enacted policies that helped produce that unrest by encouraging and assisting the encroachments of large landholders on village land and water rights. Zapata's rebellion against Diaz, then, was primarily motivated by the desire for a land reform that would reverse the alienation of village resources. It occurred when it did largely due to the opportunity provided when Francisco Madero, a member of an elite, hacienda-owning family in the northern state of Coahuila, began the broader revolution by calling the nation to arms in late 1910 in protest of Diaz's most recent reelection. Surprisingly-given Diaz's longevity in powerMadero's insurrection toppled the old regime in May 1911. But, despite the participation of the Zapatistas in this successful uprising, the accusations of banditry against them did not end. The mostly conservative Mexico City press, championing the property rights of the hacendados of Morelos, soon nicknamed Zapata "The Attila of the South" and credited him with the pronouncement, "the only government I recognize is my pistols."1 In late August, when Francisco Leon de la Barra-the conservative interim president that Madero's revolution had
Photo-induced charge separation by ruthenium (II) photosensitizers

The values of the cage escape yields of redox products (ηce) were determined for the reductive quenching of the excited states of homo- and heteroleptic complexes of Ru(II) and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpm), and 2,2′-bipyrazine (bpz) by triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial reductive quencher in aqueous, acetonitrile, and propylene carbonate solutions. In aqueous solution, ηce varies with the standard reduction potential (E0) of the complex, describing a weak dependence. The values of ηce are independent of E0 in propylene carbonate, but exhibit an inverted dependence in acetonitrile; the values of ηce in acetonitrile are generally higher than those in aqueous and propylene carbonate solutions, due to the higher diffusional rate constant for cage escape of the redox geminate pair in acetonitrile. The variable dependencies of ηce in the different solvents on the driving force of back electron transfer require that the conventional model be modified to account for the reorientation of the geminate pair within the solvent cage.
Physicochemical Properties of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Rich Soy Oil

CLA-rich soy oil (CLARSO) has been produced by linoleic acid isomerization in soy oil TAG. The objective was to determine the physicochemical properties of the novel CLARSO relative to conventional refined bleached deodorized soy oil (RBDSO). Iodine value decreased in CLARSO samples despite unsaturation being unchanged, probably because conjugated double bonds in triacylglycerol (TAG) of CLARSO impede the complete addition of iodine. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed the melting point temperature increased with the increase in the CLARSO CLA concentration, and melting point broadening occurred in CLA contained samples. Dynamic viscosity of CLARSO conducted from 4 to 44 °C increased with the increase in CLA concentration, relative to RBDSO. Greatest viscosity differences occurred at the lower temperatures. Refractive indices and density were not greatly affected. The change in physical properties was attributed to the increased intermolecular hydrophobic interaction force due to conjugated double bonds and trans,trans isomers, relative to RBDSO. This may provide hard fat characteristics that may be useful for use in producing margarine or shortenings. Furthermore, the higher viscosity at refrigerator temperatures may be useful in salad oil and refrigerated sauces to enable suspension of particles and maintain a rich, thicker texture.
SIRT6 Deficiency Results in Severe Hypoglycemia by Enhancing Both Basal and Insulin-stimulated Glucose Uptake in Mice

Glucose homeostasis in mammals is mainly regulated by insulin signaling. It was previously shown that SIRT6 mutant mice die before 4 weeks of age, displaying profound abnormalities, including low insulin, hypoglycemia, and premature aging. To investigate mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic phenotypes associated with SIRT6 deficiency, we generated mice carrying targeted disruption of SIRT6. We found that 60% of SIRT6−/− animals had very low levels of blood glucose and died shortly after weaning. The remaining animals, which have relatively higher concentrations of glucose, survived the early post-weaning lethality, but most died within one year of age. Significantly, feeding the mice with glucose-containing water increased blood glucose and rescued 83% of mutant mice, suggesting that the hypoglycemia is a major cause for the lethality. We showed that SIRT6 deficiency results in more abundant membrane association of glucose transporters 1 and 4, which enhances glucose uptake. We further demonstrated that SIRT6 negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser-473 and Thr-308 through inhibition of multiple upstream molecules, including insulin receptor, IRS1, and IRS2. The absence of SIRT6, consequently, enhances insulin signaling and activation of AKT, leading to hypoglycemia. These data uncover an essential role of SIRT6 in modulating glucose metabolism through mediating insulin sensitivity.
UNIVERSAL NATURE OF THE ATOMIC PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS SECTION.

Abstract The spatial inhomogeneity of atomic electron-density distributions is shown to affect the photoabsorption cross section, in the statistical approximation of Brandt and Lundqvist, in characteristic ways that are apparent in an updated comprehensive compilation of recent experimental data.
Microsporidoses of the Hymenopterous parasites, Campoletis sonorensis and Cardiochiles nigriceps, larval parasites of Heliothis species

Abstract Although interacting with Nosema heliothidis of their hosts, Heliothis zea and H. virescens larvae, the hymenopterous parasites Campoletis sonorensis and Cardiochiles nigriceps were each found to serve as a host for a new species of Microsporida. C. sonorensis could be readily reared in culture, and the host-parasite-pathogen relationships of this species were studied in detail. Upon parasitization of a H. zea larva infected with N. heliothidis , all stages of C. sonorensis exhibit systemic infections and the pathogen is transmitted transovarially by infected female parasites. Cross-infectivity tests of spores obtained from infected parasites demonstrated that the microsporidan was infective for H. zea despite significant changes in the size of N. heliothidis spores with infection in the parasites. The microsporidan described as Nosema campoletidis is maintained at relatively high levels of incidence in natural populations of C. sonorensis in North Carolina by a high rate of transovarian transmission. Cross-infectivity tests, the monitoring of incidence of transovarian transmission, and a detailed morphological study of the life-cycle stages of the pathogen confirmed that N. campoletidis was not conspecific with N. heliothidis . While N. heliothidis causes some mortality and possibly other subtle effects in C. sonorensis , no obvious effect of N. campoletidis was detected. Another microsporidan, Nosema cardiochilis , was described from C. nigriceps , the habitual parasite of H. virescens . Inability to rear the parasite limited study of this relationship but cross-infectivity tests demonstrated that N. cardiochilis was also not infective for either H. virescens or H. zea . Host stages of C. nigriceps exhibited systemic infection and indirect evidence indicates that pathogen transmission is transovarian. N. cardiochilis appears to cause some pathogenic effects in the parasite, and comparison of life-cycle stages indicates that this species is distinct from N. campoletidis . While N. cardiochilis is not conspecific with N. heliothidis , too few observations have been made to speculate on the possible pathogenic relationship of N. heliothidis and C. nigriceps .
Comparison of various plaque parameters in individuals with poor oral hygiene.

The control of plaque formation on tooth surfaces would appear to be a major goal of preventive dentistry. Several subjective scoring procedures for estimating plaque have been described. In the prresent investigation, stained and unstained plaque scorres were compared with various physical characteristics of plaque such as dry weitht, wet weight, microscopic count, absorbance of dispersed plaque suspensions, nitrogen and carbohydrate content. An institutionalized population that exhibited moderate to severe gingivitis and heavy plaque accumulations was studied. Significant correlations between the gravimetric measurements and microscopic count with either gingivitis scores or the unstained plaque scores were found. The stained plaque scorre showed no correlation with plaque weight or gingivitis scores in this population.
Deficiency of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Receptor Signaling Reduced IL-33 Protein Expression and the Number of Lung Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2) Following Alternaria Extract-Challenge

FEBRUARY 2015 AB82 Abstracts S A T U R D A Y 262 Deficiency of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Receptor Signaling Reduced IL-33 Protein Expression and the Number of Lung Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2) Following Alternaria Extract-Challenge Shinji Toki, PhD, Kasia Goleniewska, Sara Reiss, MS, Baohua Zhou, PhD, R. Stokes Peebles, Jr, MD, FAAAAI; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. RATIONALE: TSLP has a critical role in the development of allergic inflammation in mice. It has been reported that TSLP synergistically promoted the number and Th2 cytokine production of IL-33-induced ILC2 in vitro; however, whether TSLP regulates IL-33 expression is unknown. We hypothesized that TSLP regulates IL-33 protein expression and the number of ILC2 in the lung following allergen challenge. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated IL-33 protein expression and the number of ILC2 in the lung by using WT and TSLP receptor deficient (TSLPR) mice following Alternaria extract-challenge. METHODS: BALB/c background WT and TSLPRmice were intranasally challenged with Alternaria extract for 4 consecutive days. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lungs were harvested 24 hours after the last challenge. Control mice were challenged with PBS. IL-33, IL-5 and IL-13 protein level in the BAL fluid and lung homogenate were measured by ELISA. Eosinophils in the BAL fluids were counted after Wright-Giemsa staining. ILC2 in the lungs were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: TSLPR mice had significantly decreased lung IL-33 protein and ILC2 following Alternaria-challenge compared to WTmice (p<0.05). Further, the number of eosinophils and the protein level of IL-5 and IL-13 were also significantly decreased in BAL fluid of TSLPR mice compared to WT mice (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TSLPR signaling is necessary for the full expression of lung IL-33 protein expression following allergen challenge. TSLPR signaling also promotes the number of allergen-induced lung ILC2.
Bodily-Visual Practices and Turn Continuation.

This article considers points in turn construction where conversation researchers have shown that talk routinely continues beyond possible turn completion, but where bodily-visual behavior doing such turn extension work is found. The bodily-visual behaviors examined share many features with verbal turn extensions, but it is argued that embodied movements have distinct properties that make them well-suited for specific kinds of social action, including stance display and by-play in relation to simultaneous verbal turns and sequences.
Deficient cancellation of the vestibular ocular reflex in schizophrenia

Abstract Schizophrenia has long been associated with difficulties in visual tracking of a moving object. Deficits are most notable in tracking tasks that require inhibition of saccades during active smooth pursuit. In order to assess whether there is a more global problem in inhibition of other eye movement systems while the smooth pursuit system is active, this study examined cancellation of the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR). Cancellation of the VOR occurs in a task in which the subject is rotated while looking at a target that is also being rotated. This requires the subject to use the pursuit system to override the VOR, maintain the eye at a stable location within the orbit, and thus retain visual gaze upon the target. Thirteen individuals with schizophrenia and 15 normals were assessed during clockwise rotation at 60° s −1 . Schizophrenic subjects had a significant increase in counterclockwise slow velocity eye movements, suggesting an impaired ability to cancel the VOR. Cancellation of the VOR is thus another example of a breakthrough of an alternative eye movement system while the smooth pursuit system is active. Because of the simplicity of the VOR and its suitability for animal modeling, investigation of this phenomenon may delineate more precisely the mechanisms of visual tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Constraining of small-ring cyclic ether triads by stereodefined spiroannulation to an inositol orthoformate platform. Solution- and gas-phase alkali metal binding affinities for three- to five-membered ring structural combinations.

The structural features most conducive to complexation of the alkali metal ions Li+, Na+, and K+ in a series of constrained inositol orthoformate derivatives have been probed in solution, in the so...
In vitro mineralization of fetal rat parietal bones in defined serum‐free medium: Effect of β‐glycerol phosphate

We have developed a bone organ culture system that mineralizes in vitro. Fetal rat parietal bones (20 days old) were cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium containing physiological 3 mM phosphate. During 5 days in culture, calcium content increased from 26 to 55 micrograms and dry weight increased from 137 to 194 micrograms. After 2 days in vivo, the calcium content of the parietal bone showed a comparable increase to 49 micrograms and dry weight increased to 183 micrograms. During culture, the mineralized bone area in thick sections increased from 11 to 23%, which paralleled the doubling in calcium content. Fluorescent calcein labeling during the 5 day culture period demonstrated that calcification occurs in an ordered pattern. Protein synthesis was assessed by measuring incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagen protein (NCP). The percentage collagen synthesis decreased from 17.5% at 0 time to 5.0% at 2 days and then increased to 9.4% at 5 days of culture. Varying the inorganic phosphate concentration in the medium or adding beta-glycerol phosphate was found to affect mineralization. After 5 days in culture, bones treated with 1 mM phosphate exhibited a large region of unmineralized osteoid with only a 23% increase in calcium content compared with 112% in control (3 mM phosphate) bones and a 28% increase in dry weight compared with a 40% increase in control. Treatment for 5 days with 6 mM phosphate or 1, 3, or 10 mM beta-glycerol phosphate had no significant effect on dry weight compared to control bones. However, bone calcium content increased significantly from 55 +/- 5 micrograms in control cultures to 105 +/- 7 with 6 mM phosphate, 74 +/- 6 with 3 mM beta-glycerol phosphate, and 75 +/- 5 micrograms with 10 mM beta-glycerol phosphate. Calcified area measured by histomorphometry was also significantly greater than in control bones, but this was mainly due to ectopic calcification in the periosteum, representing from 23 to 74% of the total increase in calcified matrix in bones cultured with 6 mM phosphate or 1-10 mM beta-glycerol phosphate. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that ectopic calcification was associated with cell death and debris. Therefore, calcification with beta-glycerol phosphate and high concentrations of inorganic phosphate differed from mineralization in vivo or in bones cultured with a physiologically concentration of phosphate.
Flavor evaluation of crude oil to predict the quality of soybean oil

Reliable methods for evaluation of crude oils are needed to assist processing and to improve flavor quality of finished products. The quality of crude oils from soybeans of different sources and treatments was determined by sensory evaluation and by capillary gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of volatiles. Taste panelists were specially trained in using a new technique to evaluate crude oils by dilution and comparison with freshly deodorized oils. The flavor quality of crude oils from untempered soybeans was significantly poorer than that of oils from soybeans steam-tempered at 104 C for four min. Capillary GC analyses of total volatiles and hexanal correlated well with differences in flavor quality and stability. Crude oils extracted from soybeans damaged by storage at 45 C and 13% moisture received decreasing flavor scores with prolonged storage time. Similarlly, hexanal and total volatile contents increased with storage times. Commercial crude oils from several geographic locations showed a wide range in flavor scores. However, flavor scores of crude oils showed good agreement with flavor stabilities (decrease in flavor scores after storage at 60 C) of the corresponding oils after refining, bleaching, and deodorization. Therefore, the combined use, of sensory evaluations and GC-volatile analyses of crude oils can provide convenient, rapid, sensitive and reliable screening methods to assist in improving the quality of finished soybean oils by controlling soybean storage and processing.
Hazardous waste treatment trends in the U.S.

Ce rapport discute la politique des Etats Unis dans la gestion et le traitement des dechets industriels dangereux
Rapid changes in the fine structure of a coronal ‘bright point’ and a small coronal ‘active region’

A coronal ‘bright point’ is resolved into a pattern of emission which, at any given time, consists of 2 or 3 miniature loops (each ∼2500 km in diameter and ∼12 000 km long). During the half-day lifetime of the ‘bright point’ individual loops evolved on a time scale ∼6 min. A small ‘ctive region’ seemed to evolve in this way, but the occasional blurring together of several loops made it difficult to follow individual changes.
Venus Mobile Explorer with RPS for active cooling: A feasibility study

This paper presents the findings from a study to evaluate the feasibility of a radioisotope power system (RPS) combined with active cooling to enable a long-duration Venus surface mission. On-board power with active cooling technology featured prominently in both the National Research Council's Decadal Survey and in the 2006 NASA Solar System Exploration Roadmap as mission enabling for the exploration of Venus. Power and cooling system options were reviewed and the most promising concepts were modeled to develop an assessment tool for Venus mission planners considering a variety of future potential missions to Venus, including a Venus Mobile Explorer (either a balloon or rover concept), a long-lived Venus static lander, or a Venus Geophysical Network. The concepts modeled were based on the integration of General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules with different types of Stirling cycle heat engines for power conversion and cooling. Unlike prior investigations which reported on single point design concepts, this assessment tool allows the user to generate either a point design or parametric curves of approximate power and cooling system mass, power level, and number of GPHS modules needed for a “black box” payload housed in a spherical pressure vessel. Input variables include altitude, pressure vessel diameter, payload temperature, and payload power on Venus. Users may also specify the number and type of pressure vessel windows, use of phase-change material for additional (time-dependent) payload cooling, and amount of (rechargeable) battery power for peak power demand operations. Parameter sets that would enable a Venus surface mission with fewer than 16 GPHS modules were identified. Thus, the study provides guidance for design practices that might enable a long-duration Venus surface mission with an attainable quantity of 238Pu, and with achievable operating parameters.
Analysis and Modeling of Surface Waviness Inspection with Light Reflection, Part 3: Light Intensity Distribution Method

The light intensity distribution method for inspecting a reflective surface using a diffusing or retroreflective screen has been studied. Analytical derivations show that the angular light intensity in the screen projection is related to the surface curvature. Numerical modeling with light tracing and intensity accumulation is developed to simulate the D-Sight image formed by double reflection offa part surface with a retroreflective screen. The cone angle of a retroreflective screen is characterized experimentally. The numerical modeling is validated with an analytical solution and then tested by comparing the predicted with the photographed D-Sight images of a profiled SMC (sheet molding compound) panel. The characteristics of double reflection and the effects of eye-to-light distance, eye position relative to the light, angular dependence of intensity distribution inside a retroreflected cone, and surface waviness orientation on the image are investigated. The images of typical surface features are predicted.
Renal and hepatic output of glutathione in plasma and whole blood.

Abstract Measurement of glutathione (GSH) output by the rat kidney and liver demonstrated a substantial net release into red cell across both tissues. The results suggest important roles for kidney and liver in the maintenance of GSH concentrations in red cells and a significant role for the red cell in the interorggan transport of GSH.
Rapid reduction of portal blood ammonia.

AMMONIA is a normal constituent of portal blood1, the concentration in the mesenteric veins draining the distal portion of the small intestine, caecum, and upper colon being 50 per cent higher than that in the peripheral circulation2. Most of the ammonia in the body is produced as a consequence of bacterial action on nitrogenous substrates within the intestine2. Investigations with isotopically labelled urea in several species of animals have revealed that urea is hydrolysed in the alimentary tract, even when administered parenterally3, and, in man, 0.3 gm. of urea is hydrolysed per hour, and 15–30 per cent of the urea synthesized in normal subjects is continually being destroyed4.
Phase Structures, Transition Behaviors, and Surface Alignment in Polymers Containing Rigid-Rodlike Backbones with Flexible Side Chains. 1. Monotropic Phase Behavior in a Main-Chain/Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polyester

A series of polyesters, which are comprised of aromatic main chain backbones and flexible aliphatic side chains with 4-cyanobiphenyl end groups, has been synthesized based on a polycondensation of ...
Eeg sleep correlates of recurrence of depression on active medication

In this study we sought to examine whether reduced slow wave sleep (delta sleep) parameters were related to the risk of recurrence of major depression in patients receiving pharmacologic maintenance treatment. The EEG sleep of 53 patients was examined on three occasions: while drug-free during an index episode, while on imipramine at the point of stabilization of the index episode, and after 20 weeks of continuation therapy on imipramine. While a trend for total delta wave counts at the index episode evaluation was noted with time to recurrence using the Cox proportional hazards model, a stronger association was found with delta wave counts after 20 weeks of imipramine therapy (P =. 019). The intraclass correlation for the 3 time points was very high (.78) indicating that the amount of total delta sleep remained stable throughout all conditions. These findings support the notion that specific slow wave sleep measures may represent persistent or “trait-like” abnormalities with prognostic significance in recurrent depression. Depression 1:300–308 (1993). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conversion of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds to Carbon Dioxide and Methyl Chloride for Isotopic Analysis of Carbon and Chlorine

A nonaqueous, high-temperature method is described for converting micromole quantities of chlorinated volatile organic compounds to CO2 and CH3Cl for C and Cl isotope ratio determinations. This method provides an improved analytical approach for using C and Cl isotope ratios in studies of the biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in the environment. Conversion of reagent CH3Cl to CO2 + CuCl and then conversion of the CuCl back to CH3Cl by the present method gives typical yields of 99 ± 1% for CO2 and 91 ± 1% for CH3Cl, both products of >99% purity. An offset of −0.23 ± 0.05‰ is observed between the 37Cl/35Cl ratios of product and initial CH3Cl. Precision of the isotopic ratio measurements is better than ± 0.1‰ for a variety of chlorinated volatile organic compounds.
In vivo cross-reactivity of Taenia saginata and Taenia crassiceps antigens in bovine cysticercosis☆

Steers sensitized or infected with Taenia saginata exhibited similar delayed-type dermal hypersensitivity (DTH) responses after intradermal inoculation with T. saginata or t. crassiceps skin test antigens. Steers sensitized to T. crassiceps cysticerci exhibited similar DTH responses to intradermal inoculation with T. crassiceps, T. saginata whole worm and T. saginata cysticerci antigens. No correlation existed between the DTH responses and the number of cysticerci in the carcasses. One sensitized/infected and one infected steer harbored cysticerci but exhibited no DTH responses. Infectioon with cysticerci did not elevate DTH responsiveness in sensitized animals.