cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Signaling Role for the Uncleaved Form of α6 Integrin in Differentiating Lens Fiber Cells

Many α integrin subunits are cleaved during their processing to yield heavy and light chains, which remain associated by disulfide bonds. While uncleaved α integrin subunits can form functional receptors that sometimes have distinct signaling roles from their better-characterized endoproteolytically cleaved counterparts, their expression at the cell surface and their association with signaling complexes have yet to be determined in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that, in differentiating lens fiber cells, the uncleaved form of α6 integrin was expressed at the cell surface. This form of α6 integrin coimmunoprecipitated with both the signaling adaptor molecule Shc and its downstream effector Grb2, suggesting that, in lens fiber cells, uncleaved α6 integrin was associated with a Shc-mediated signaling complex. We show that expression of the cleaved form of α6 integrin progressively decreased relative to uncleaved α6 integrin as the state of lens cell differentiation increased, resulting in the predominance of uncleaved α6 integrin in the lens fiber cell zones. Interestingly, we previously have shown that α6 integrin is localized principally along the extensive cell–cell interfaces of these lens fiber cells, in the absence of its extracellular matrix ligand laminin. While we found that the cleaved form of α6 integrin contained both high mannose and complex sugars, the uncleaved form of α6 integrin contained only high mannose sugars. These properties suggest that the uncleaved form of α6 integrin may have a unique role in the embryonic lens. Its high association with Shc and Grb2 in the differentiating cortical fiber cell zone indicates that α6 integrin may provide a cell survival signal in the presence of the apoptotic-like processes that are initiated in this region of the embryonic lens to clear the lens cells of their organelles.
The Unthinkable and the Unseen: Community Archaeology and Decolonizing Social Imagination at Okeeheepkee, or the Lake Jackson Site

Recent decolonizing scholarship examines how Indigenous ways of knowing can transform archaeology. This article discusses community-based research undertaken with a Muskogee tribal town in North Florida, focusing on the archaeology of the Lake Jackson site (1100–1500 A.D.). Centering on the historical narratives circulated in this community illuminates gaps in the dominant archaeological discourse, or what Trouillot (Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, 1995) calls the silences of history. Examples such as iconographic representations of “genderless” moths and possibilities of “invisible” mound structures render the limits of colonial imagination visible. Archaeology can move beyond these constraints by bridging the center and margins of archaeological production.
Other Organizations Are Doing It, Why Shouldn't We? A Look at Downsizing and Organizational Identity through an Institutional Theory Lens

Downsizing is a current ‘hot-button’ issue confronting many organizations and enticing researchers alike. This case study explored the complex nature of these change initiatives, through both macro-environmental antecedents and non-financial organizational consequences. The adoption of downsizing was conceptualized through an institutional theory lens, and an organizational identity perspective to downsizing outcomes was applied, paying particular attention to the alignment of post-downsizing activities with the organization's mission. The case study examined the events leading up to the implementation of a downsizing initiative at a major university and then the post-implementation restructuring aftermath. It is demonstrated how organizational change can result in less-than-expected outcomes if the planning and implementation phases receive inadequate attention. Suffering from severe fiscal stress, decision makers mimicked a popular downsizing initiative without a thorough diagnosis, ultimately creating ...
An economic analysis of the in-prison therapeutic community model on prison management costs

Abstract This study estimated the impact of an in-prison, therapeutic community (TC) substance abuse treatment program on management costs in a California prison. A deconstruction method was developed to estimate the opportunity cost of staff time and other resources involved in various prison administrative tasks. Compared to “non-treatment” yards within the facility, the TC environment generated lower administrative costs for disciplinary actions, inmate grievances, and major disruptive incidents resulting in lockdowns. These findings suggest that, in addition to their intended rehabilitative outcomes, prison-based TCs may foster institutional environments that help to control prison management costs.
Polarization transfer in quasifree (p-->,n-->) reactions on C, Ca, and Pb targets at 197 MeV

C. Hautala, J. Rapaport, M. Palarczyk, D. L. Prout, D. A. Cooper, G. Savopulos, B. Anderson, A. Baldwin, C. C. Foster, C. D. Goodman, K. Hicks, R. Howes, M. S. Islam, B. A. Luther, D. M. Manley, R. Madey, E. Sugarbaker, T. N. Taddeucci, I. Van Heerden,* J. Watson, X. Yang, and W. -M. Zhang Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701 Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Krakow, Poland Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306 Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota 56562 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 ~Received 31 July 2001; published 19 February 2002!
Chronic conditions, functional limitations, and special health care needs of school-aged children born with extremely low-birth-weight in the 1990s.

ContextInformation on the school-age functioning and special health care needs of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, <1000 g) children is necessary to plan for medical and educational services.ObjectiveTo examine neurosensory, developmental, and medical conditions together with the associated functional limitations and special health care needs of ELBW children compared with normal-birth-weight (NBW) term-born children (controls).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA follow-up study at age 8 years of a cohort of 219 ELBW children born 1992 to 1995 (92% of survivors) and 176 NBW controls of similar sociodemographic status conducted in Cleveland, Ohio.Main Outcome MeasuresParent Questionnaire for Identifying Children with Chronic Conditions of 12 months or more and categorization of specific medical diagnoses and developmental disabilities based on examination of the children.ResultsIn logistic regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic status and sex, ELBW children had significantly more chronic conditions than NBW controls, including functional limitations (64% vs 20%, respectively; odds ratio [OR], 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-13.1; P<.001), compensatory dependency needs (48% vs 23%, respectively; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9-4.7; P<.001), and services above those routinely required by children (65% vs 27%, respectively; OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.4-8.5; P<.001). These differences remained significant when the 36 ELBW children with neurosensory impairments were excluded. Specific diagnoses and disabilities for ELBW vs NBW children included cerebral palsy (14% vs 0%, respectively; P<.001), asthma (21% vs 9%; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6; P = .001), vision of less than 20/200 (10% vs 3%; OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-7.8; P = .02), low IQ of less than 85 (38% vs 14%; OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.7-7.7; P<.001), limited academic skills (37% vs 15%; OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.5-7.3; P<.001), poor motor skills (47% vs 10%; OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 4.5-13.6; P<.001), and poor adaptive functioning (69% vs 34%; OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 4.0-10.6; P<.001).ConclusionThe ELBW survivors in school at age 8 years who were born in the 1990s have considerable long-term health and educational needs.
Cosmological bounds on a left-right symmetric model

Abstract The right-handed neutrino cross sections of the processes ν L + l → ν R + l and ν R + l → ν R + l, where l is a relativistic lepton, are calculated in the SU(2) L × SU(2) R × U(1) model. According to a cosmological criterion the parameters of the model are bounded. In particular we obtain the bound M W R ⪆ 30 M W L , assuming the neutrinos are Dirac four-component particles.
MALONALDEHYDE IN AQUEOUS ORANGE JUICE ESSENCES

SUMMARY –Malonaldehyde has been identified as a component of commercial aqueous orange juice essences and a procedure for its isolation and identification is described. Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of the purified pink complex formed from the reaction of thiobarbituric acid with malonaldehyde exhibited several excitation and emission maxima in the region from 200–550 nm and proved to be a sensitive and highly selective method for confirming the presence of malonaldehyde in a sample. The method is applicable to all citrus essences and should be applicable to the evaluation of malonaldehyde from lipid autoxidation in other fruit juice essences.
Comparison of woman-specific versus breast-specific data for reporting screening mammography performance.

Rationale and Objectives . Screening mammography data can be reported on a breast-specific or woman-specific level, and much mammography data available for research is woman-specific. The purpose of this study was to determine if woman-specific screening mammography data are sufficient for research and reporting by measuring and comparing the accuracy of screening mammography on a breast-specific and on a woman-specific level. Materials and Methods . Definitions for true-positive and false-positive mammography results were developed to distinguish between breast-specific and woman-specific calculations. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of screening mammography were calculated on a breast-specific and on a woman-specific basis for the entire population of the Carolina Mammography Registry and for a randomly selected subset of the population. Results . Only small differences were found in breast-specific versus woman-specific calculations of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values for both the entire population and the smaller subset population. For both populations, woman-specific sensitivity and positive predictive values were slightly higher than the same breast-specific values, and woman-specific specificity was slightly lower. Conclusion . For research and reporting, woman-specific data are sufficient.
Treatment of femoral shaft aseptic nonunion associated with plating failure: emphasis on the situation of screw breakage.

Background: Femoral shaft aseptic nonunions associated with plating failure resulting from screw breakage are rare, and the treatment is complex and yet to be defined. The aim of this prospective study was to develop a better technique for the treatment of this complication. Methods: Eight consecutive adult patients who sustained femoral shaft aseptic nonunions associated with plating failure resulting from screw breakage were treated. The procedure involved skeletal traction in the femoral condyle, removal of the broken screws after making a bony window in the lateral cortex, with or without lengthening the femur, stabilization with a static locked nail, and finally, corticocancellous bone grafting. Postoperatively, ambulation with protected weight bearing was encouraged as early as possible. Results: All eight patients were followed up for at least 1 year (range, 1.1-4.7 years), and seven nonunions healed. The median union period was 4 months (range, 3-6 months). One patient had a persistent nonunion, and the locked nail broke at 6 months. The nonunion healed 4 months after closed revision with a new locked nail. Conclusion: The described technique has both theoretical and clinical merits. All abnormalities can be corrected concomitantly. The success rate is high and the complication rate is low. Whenever possible, therefore, it may be used to treat all indicated cases of nonunion.
Improving NCLEX-RN pass rates by implementing a testing policy.

To improve the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) pass rates and to address the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission's outcomes standard, a testing policy was developed and implemented at an associate degree of nursing (ADN) program located in a suburb south of Denver, CO. This article describes the testing policy strategies that were implemented by the ADN faculty to evaluate the curriculum. Strategies used for internal curriculum evaluation addressed test item writing, test blueprinting, and the use of item analysis data to evaluate and improve faculty-designed exams. Strategies used for external curriculum evaluation employed the use of HESI specialty exams that were administered at the completion of each course and HESI Exit Exams that were administered at the completion of the first and second years of the curriculum. These strategies were formalized with the development of a testing policy manual that described the procedures used to implement internal and external curriculum evaluation. To measure the effectiveness of the testing policy, NCLEX-RN outcomes were compared before and after implementing the testing policy. Findings indicated that the mean NCLEX-RN pass rate for the 5 years following implementation of the testing policy was significantly higher ( P
Hairy leukoplakia: An AIDS-associated opportunistic infection

Hairy leukoplakia has been defined and confirmed as a specific oral mucosal marker for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Light microscopic findings include alteration of spinous layer cells, which contain nuclear chromatin abnormalities. Enlargement of spinous cells with ballooning degeneration is also characteristic. Ultrastructural morphology has defined the presence of large numbers of herpes-type virus particles within the intranuclear, cytoplasmic, and intercellular regions. Morphologically, the criteria of Epstein-Barr virus are satisfied. Southern blot analysis has confirmed the virus to be Epstein-Barr virus. Further hybridization analyses failed to show any evidence of human immunodeficiency virus or human papillomavirus in the lesions themselves. We conclude that hairy leukoplakia may represent an epithelial opportunistic Epstein-Barr virus infection. Finally, the production and shedding of Epstein-Barr virions into the oral cavity from the sites of hairy leukoplakia can occur separate from the usual tonsillar and oropharyngeal sites.
Biosynthesis of Camptotheca acuminata alkaloids

Abstract Tracer feeding experiments with Camptotheca acuminata plants show that [1′-14C] L -tryptophan, [Ar-3H4] L -tryptophan, [Ar-3H4,1′-14C]tryptophan, [1′-14C]-tryptamine, [2-14C] DL -mevalonate, and [2-14C]geraniol-[2-14C]nerol are incorporated into camptothecin. Direct stem injection of the labeled precursors into C. acuminata plants resulted in a substantial increase in the activity of isolated Camptotheca alkaloids as compared to root feeding of the same tracer.
Depolarization triggers intracellular magnesium surge in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons

Intracellular magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]i) of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was measured using the magnesium indicator Mag-Fura-2/AM. [Mg2+]i was 0.48 +/- 0.08 mM (mean +/- SEM, n = 23) at rest, and it increased 3-fold by depolarization with a 60-mM K+ solution. The [Mg2+]i increase was observed in the absence of extracellular Mg2+, but the increase disappeared in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. 50 microM cadmium or 100 microM verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, also diminished the rise of [Mg2+]i. The additional measurement of an intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) indicated that the [Mg2+]i rise requires a threshold concentration of [Ca2+]i to be reached; above 60 nM. The present results indicate that depolarization induces a Ca2+-influx through voltage dependent Ca channels and this causes the release of Mg2+ from intracellular stores into the cytoplasm.
The association of lysosomal enzymes with nuclei during enzyme induction in rat liver.

Male rats of the Holtzman strain were fasted for 3 days and refed a diet high in carbohydrate (68.9%). The induction of liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was monitored for up to 48 h after refeeding. Induction occurred by 24 h, and by 48 h, 4.2- and 1.5-fold increases were observed for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, respectively, compared with that of livers of pellet-fed rats. After refeeding, lysosomes increased in fragility as judged by an increased release of acid phosphatase activity during standard homogenization. Fragility was greatest 3 h after refeeding, but normal fragility was observed 24 h after refeeding. Nuclei were isolated from the liver samples before and after refeeding. Those isolated just before refeeding revealed small latent acid phosphatase activity (4–6%). However, after refeeding the carbohydrate-rich diet, a transient and significant (P < 0.01) increase in the latent activity occurred that was maximal (20%) at 1 h, returning to normal by 24 h. Cross-mixing the 800g nuclear pellet from livers of animals starved for 3 days with the 800g supernatant fraction from livers of animals refed the carbohydrate-containing diet did not alter the nuclear lysosomal-free (overt) or latent (detergent-released) enzyme activity. Similarly, mixing the 800g nuclear pellet from livers of animals refed for 1 h with the 800g supernatant fraction from livers of animals starved for 3 days, but not refed, did not change the nuclear lysosomalfree or latent enzyme activity. Purified nuclei, further washed in hypotonic buffer, lost acid phosphatase activity, but those isolated from livers of rats refed for 1 h retained 10% of the enzyme latency, whereas all latency was lost from those isolated from uninduced rats. A second lysosomal enzyme, β-galactosidase, became associated with the nuclei with the same temporal pattern as for acid phosphatase. However, no variation in nuclear content of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase occurred as a result of feeding the high-carbohydrate diet to starved rats. When similarly starved rats were refed a diet high in lipid and carbohydrate-free, no induction of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was observed. Lysosomes were not temporarily fragile and purified nuclei did not exhibit increased latency of acid phosphatase activity. Though the evidence presented does not establish a direct correlation between lysosome migration to nuclei as a required function in enzyme induction, the temporal and specific nature of the phenomenon support the hypothesis that liver lysosomal enzymes participate in early signals in the induction of enzymes of lipogenesis.
Changes in the electron transport chain of pea leaf mitochondria metabolizing malate

Abstract Pea leaf mitochondria showed complex kinetics for malate metabolism. O 2 uptake increased as malate concentration increased from 0 to 10 m m , reached a plateau between 10 and 20 m m malate, and then increased again up to 40 m m malate. Analysis of the products of malate oxidation by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the first phase of O 2 uptake coincided with the synthesis of both pyruvate and oxalacetate (OAA) while the second phase of O 2 uptake at higher malate levels usually occurred with a large increase in OAA formation. The biphasic response in O 2 uptake and the changing ratios of pyruvate and OAA synthesis did not appear to be the direct result of the differing K m values of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme. Rather, they resulted from thermodynamic properties of these two malate oxidases and the kinetics of the two NADH dehydrogenases found in plant mitochondria. At low malate concentrations the rotenone-sensitive NADH dehydrogenase was active and could accept electrons from both malate oxidases. This NADH dehydrogenase became saturated at about 10 m m malate. At higher malate concentrations the rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase was increasingly important and its increased electron transport capacity was best exploited by malate dehydrogenase. At the higher malate concentrations an increasing portion of the electrons from malate reduce O 2 through the alternative oxidase. Although this coincided with the second phase of malate-dependent O 2 uptake it was not required for this phase to be seen.
Cloning the chromosomal breakpoint of t(14;18) human lymphomas: clustering around Jh on chromosome 14 and near a transcriptional unit on 18

Specific chromosomal translocations found in distinct neoplasms suggest that genes that flank such breakpoints play a critical role in transformation. We have characterized the t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation present in over 60% of human follicular lymphomas. We exploited an unexpected rearrangement of an Ig heavy-chain gene to clone the chromosomal breakpoint. An element isolated from 18q21 mediated translocations in all four t(14;18) bearing cell lines and in six of 11 follicular lymphomas, but did not normally rearrange in other B or non-B cells. The breakpoints clustered within a small 4.3 kb region on chromosome 18. The breakpoints on chromosome 14 were focused within or immediately 5' to JH. These breakpoints retained the Ig enhancer region close to a new transcriptional unit identified on chromosome segment 18q21. Since none of the cellular oncogenes are known to map to 18q21, cloning this element provides an opportunity to characterize a potentially new transforming gene.
A novel zero time detector for heavy ion spectroscopy

Abstract The design, construction and test of a heavy ion time pick-off system are described. The detector presents a homogeneous foil of a few μg/cm 2 thickness to the beam. Secondary emission electrons are isochronously transported to a channel plate electron multiplier by crossed electric and magnetic fields. A time resolution of (230±30) ps has been measured using natural alpha particles and a time coincidence between a surface barrier silicon detector and the foil time pick-off system. Sources of the measured time dispersion are discussed.
Differences in Clinical Profile and Relapse Rate of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Background & Aims Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been divided into subtypes 1 (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis) and 2 (idiopathic duct centric pancreatitis). We compared clinical profiles and long-term outcomes of types 1 and 2 AIP. Methods We compared clinical presentation, relapse, and vital status of 78 patients with type 1 AIP who met the original HISORt criteria and 19 patients with histologically confirmed type 2 AIP. Results At presentation, patients with type 1 AIP were older than those with type 2 AIP (62 ± 14 vs 48 ± 19 years; P P = .004). Patients with type 1 were more likely than those with type 2 to have proximal biliary, retroperitoneal, renal, or salivary disease (60% vs 0; P P = .37). During median clinical follow-up periods of 42 and 29 months, respectively, 47% of patients with type 1 and none of those with type 2 experienced a relapse. In type 1 AIP, proximal biliary involvement (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; P = .038) and diffuse pancreatic swelling (HR, 2.00; P = .049) were predictive of relapse, whereas pancreaticoduodenectomy reduced the relapse rate (vs the corticosteroid-treated group; HR, 0.15; P = .0001). After median follow-up periods of 58 and 89 months (types 1 and 2, respectively), the 5-year survival rates for both groups were similar to those of the age- and sex-matched US population. Conclusions Types 1 and 2 AIP have distinct clinical profiles. Patients with type 1 AIP have a high relapse rate, but patients with type 2 AIP do not experience relapse. AIP does not affect long-term survival.
Diffuse X-Ray Emission from M101

The total 0.45-2.0 keV luminosity of M101 is 3.1 x 10(exp 39) ergs/s, of which 2.2 x 10(exp 39) ergs/s is due to diffuse emission. Of the diffuse emission, no more than 6% can be due to unresolved point sources such as X-ray binaries, and approx. 11% is due to dwarf stars. The diffuse emission traces the spiral arms and is roughly correlated with the H alpha and FUV (far ultraviolet) emission. The radial distribution closely follows the optical profile. The bulk of the diffuse emission is characterized by a two thermal component spectrum with kT = 0.20,0.75 keV, and the ratios of the emission measures of the two components is roughly constant as a function of both radius and surface brightness. The softer component has a sufficiently large covering factor that the bulk of the emission is likely extra-planar. We find no evidence of an extended axisymmetric X-ray halo, suggesting that any such halo has a strength much smaller than current predictions.
Velocity and flow measurements by electromagnetic techniques.

Abstract In this review of electromagnetic flowmetry, cardiovascular applications of velocity and flow measurements in patients are emphasized. The theory of electromagnetic flowmeters and sequential developments in the field are surveyed in relation to practical problems of utilization of electromagnetic flow devices. The distinction between catheter-tip velocity transducers and catheter flow transducers is discussed. A variety of electromagnetic catheter-tip devices are described, and their potential applicability to patient care is considered.
Metabolic test of volatile odor labels as kin recognition cues in honey bees

The ability of worker honey bees to discriminate between kin and non-kin was revealed using a metabolic bioassay. Groups of workers (test group) exposed to odors of unrelated bees (odor group) showed short-term increases in metabolic activity. The magnitude of the metabolic reaction was closely correlated with the genetic relationship between odor and test groups. Worker test groups reacted to both worker and drone odor groups whereas drone test groups did not respond in this bioassay. The results support the theory of inclusive fitness.
Differentiation and resolution of erythrocyte and muscle adenylate kinase activities in serum by electrophoresis

Adenylate kinase activity originating from erythrocytes has been shown to be distinct from muscle adenylate kinase or myokinase activity, until now considered to be identical enzyme activities. The two activities can be differentiated by electrophoretic fractionation, thus making it possible to quantify the erythrocyte adenylate kinase activity present in serum.
Classification of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium: An interim report

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from strains of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium (LDB) was characterized in order to aid in the proper classification of this organism. The genome size of LDB DNA was estimated at 2.5×109 daltons by reassociation kinetics; a guanine-plus-cytosine content of LDB of 39% was established by optical thermal denaturation and buoyant density ultracentrifugation measurements. DNA relatedness studies on 12 strains of the LDB indicated that they were all members of the same species. DNA relatedness studies have thus far failed to show that the LDB is significantly related to any other organism, including all members of Enterobacteriaceae,Pasteurella multocida, Francisella tularensis, Rochalimaea quintana, Vibrio species,Staphylococcus epidermidis, andFlavobacterium meningosepticum.
Applying hillslope-storage models to improve low flow estimates with limited streamflow data at a watershed scale

Summary This study presents a framework to evaluate the performance of rainfall-runoff models for the estimation of low flow at sites with limited streamflow data. Estimates of low flow statistics are important for water supply, waste-load allocation, irrigation, hydropower, and ecological and habitat assessment. Paradoxically most rainfall-runoff models focus on flood simulations and use oversimplified representations of baseflow processes resulting in poor performance simulating low flow statistics. Such baseflow models cannot account for variations in topography and hydrogeology that impact baseflow processes and have limited applicability to evaluate land use and climate change impacts on low flow. Both a hillslope-storage Boussinesq model (hsB) and a kinematic wave hillslope-storage model (kw) have shown good results in simulating baseflow in synthetic hillslopes; one major challenge is how to apply these models in real watersheds. In this study hsB and kw are coupled to the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model and tested at two similarly sized watersheds in North Carolina with different watershed slopes. The partitioned kw and hsB models are also compared to the original SAC-SMA model (Sac) and SAC-SMA applied to a partitioned watershed (Sacm). Both 5 years and 1 year of full and reduced ranges of streamflow data are employed for model calibration. All partitioned models improved their estimation of low flow when calibrated to a lower range of streamflows but with kw and hsB performing slightly better at the steeper sloped watershed. The performance of the coupled models with limited streamflow data is encouraging and can potentially improve the estimation of low flow statistics at sites with limited streamflow data.
Reproducibility of intraocular pressure and outflow facility measured by pneumatic tonography and Schiotz tonography.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare means, variability, and reproducibility in intraocular pressure and in outflow facility measured repeatedly over several days by Bio-Rad pneumatonography and Schiotz tonography in normal human volunteers. For each instrument a measurement of intraocular pressure and one of outflow facility were obtained at each of three repeated examinations of eight healthy subjects in the supine position. For pressure, the Bio-Rad mean was significantly higher by 5.31 mmHg than the Schiotz mean (p < 0.00005). Reproducibility was 71.1% and 59.0% for the Bio-Rad and Schiotz, respectively. For outflow, the Bio-Rad and Schiotz means were not significantly different. Reproducibility was 17.3% and 58.7% for the Bio-Rad and Schiotz, respectively. For measuring pressure, both the Bio-Rad and Schiotz instruments had good reproducibility; for measuring outflow, the Bio-Rad and Schiotz instruments had low and good reproducibility, respectively.
Self-perception changes among sports camp participants

The relationship between sports camp participation and changes in self-perception was assessed. The participants were 42 boys and 32 girls participating in a 5-week summer sports camp for economically disadvantaged children in the United States. Self-concept was measured at the beginning and end of the camp with Harter's (1985) Self-Perception Profile (SPP) for Children. At the beginning of the camp the girls scored higher than the boys on overall SPP scores and three of six subscales. After 5 weeks, the girls' scores were higher on only one subscale and on adult group leaders' ratings. The decline in the girls' scores was attributed to the stress of competition or to initial overly positive self-perceptions.
Differences in Adiposity Influence Vitamin D Levels in Adolescents With PCOS Compared to Overweight Controls

prediabetes and 0-3% for DM2. This study evaluated the prevalence of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)) and DM2 and associated risk factors in adolescents presenting to a multidisciplinary adolescent PCOS clinic. Methods: Review of database from 2005 to 2010 included 168 patients diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria. Eleven were excluded due to known diabetes leaving 157 eligible for screening. This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin Internal Review Board. Results: Mean age: 16.1 years (11.5-22), 93.4% Caucasian, 4.7% African American, 2.3% Hispanic. BMI assessment: 12.6 % BMI below the 85%, 74 % above the 95%, and 25% above or equal to 40 kg/m2. Eleven patients presented with known diabetes (3 with type 1, 8 with type 2). Oral glucose tolerance testing was completed by 98 new patients (63%), single fasting glucose +/insulin by 41 (26%), and no datawas available for 19 patients. Of 126 patients with both a fasting glucose and insulin recorded, 73 (58%) had a glucose to insulin ratio less than 4.5.
Phase diagram of noncompact scalar electrodynamics

Abstract We present the phase diagram of scalar electrodynamics in four dimensions using the noncompact lattice formulation for the gauge fields. We work in the limit of large self-interaction λ and as numerical techniques we use Monte Carlo and hybrid algorithms on 4 4 , 6 4 and 8 4 lattices. This theory has a Coulomb phase and a Higgs phase separated by a line of phase transitions. The transitions are second order for intermediate and small values of the gauge coupling constant turning weakly first order at strong coupling. Thus, a tricritical point exists in this model. We compare results with the compact U(1)-Higgs model and fermionic electrodynamics (QED).
Psychoneural reduction of the genuinely cognitive: Some accomplished facts

Abstract The need for representations and computations over their contents in psychological explanations is often cited as both the mark of the genuinely cognitive and a source of skepticism about the reducibility of cognitive theories to neuroscience. A generic version of this anti‐reductionist argument is rejected in this paper as unsound, since (i) current thinking about associative learning emphasizes the need for cognitivist resources in theories adequate to explain even the simplest form of this phenomena (Pavlovian conditioning), and yet (ii) the most widely accepted recent theory of associative learning, which utilizes cognitivist resources, has already been reduced to a purely neurophysiological account. Psychoneural reduction of genuinely cognitivist theories is thus already an accomplished scientific fact, despite pronouncements by anti‐reductionists about its conceptual impossibility or empirical implausibility. In addition, the specific form of reduction involved in this case (“combinatorial”...
Weak interactions at high energies

Abstract Semi-leptonic phenomena induced by high energy neutrino beams are surveyed. The determination of elastic form factors from differential cross sections and from polarizations is discussed, including second-class current effects and possible T violations. Scaling and sum rules for deep inelastic scattering are reviewed, as are results which go beyond the quasi-two-body description for inelastic phenomena.
The Diagnostic Evaluation and Therapy of Secondary Amenorrhea

One of the greatest challenges to health-care providers for women is the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of secondary amenorrhea in an efficient, cost-effective, and timely fashion. Categories and compartments have been presented in order to assist one with the myriad of possible diagnostic tests and therapeutic modalities. The etiology and treatment of this common gynecologic symptom is reviewed in order to provide a working knowledge base for the nurse. In addition, the role of the nurse in the care of these clients is explored.
Aural-Diagnostic and Prescriptive Skills of Preservice and Expert Instrumental Music Teachers

This study is an investigation of the aural-diagnostic and prescriptive skills of preservice and expert instrumental music teachers. Specifically, the researcher sought to determine how the two groups compared with respect to evaluations for band performances of different music-difficulty and performance-quality levels. Subjects listened to an audiotape recording that comprised four types of performances: Difficult Music and Excellent Performance, Difficult Music and Average Performance, Moderate Music and Excellent Performance, and Moderate Music and Average Performance. For each performance type, subjects responded to four evaluative areas in the investigator-designed Aural-Diagnostic and Prescriptive Skills Test: performance-quality ratings of nine select music elements, rankings of the nine elements, diagnoses of performance problems associated with the weakest-ranked elements, and prescriptions of rehearsal solutions for the diagnosed performance problems. Results indicate that (a) regardless of perf...
Financial innovations and the interest elasticity of money demand: Evidence from an error correction model

The difficulty of estimating a stable money demand function has been blamed on financial innovations of the past two decades. Gurley and Shaw's [1960] thesis implies that a proliferation of money-like assets resulting from financial innovations increased the interest elasticity of money demand. However, Hafer and Hein [1984] provided empirical evidence to the contrary. This paper presents the empirical results of the M2 demand for money using an error correction model for the period 1959:1–87:4 and two subperiods 1959:1–73:4 and 1974:1–87:4. The findings suggest lower interest and price elasticities for money demand in the second sample in which money substitutes proliferated.
Capture and alignment of phi29 viral particles in sub-40 nanometer porous alumina membranes

Bacteriophage phi29 virus nanoparticles and its associated DNA packaging nanomotor can provide for novel possibilities towards the development of hybrid bio-nano structures. Towards the goal of interfacing the phi29 viruses and nanomotors with artificial micro and nanostructures, we fabricated nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) membranes with pore size of 70 nm and shrunk the pores to sub 40 nm diameter using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Aluminum Oxide. We were able to capture and align particles in the anodized nanopores using two methods. Firstly, a functionalization and polishing process to chemically attach the particles in the inner surface of the pores was developed. Secondly, centrifugation of the particles was utilized to align them in the pores of the nanoporous membranes. In addition, when a mixture of empty capsids and packaged particles was centrifuged at specific speeds, it was found that the empty capsids deform and pass through 40 nm diameter pores whereas the particles packaged with DNA were mainly retained at the top surface of the nanoporous membranes. Fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the selective filtration of empty capsids through the nanoporous membranes.
Space-Time Symmetry Restrictions on Transport Coefficients. II. Two Theories Compared

The space-time symmetry restrictions on transport coefficients given by two recent theories are compared and the differences are exhibited in detail for the zero-magnetic-field electrical conductivity. The symmetry restrictions of one of the theories are shown to be inconsistent with the existence of the extraordinary Hall effect in ferromagnets.
Second Virial Coefficients of Helium from the Exp-Six Potential

A set of potential constants for the He-He exp-six intermolecular potential has been found which leads to calculated results in good agreement with the experimental second virial coefficients of ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ both at high and at low temperatures and with the high-temperature viscosity and thermal conductivity data. A table of the second virial coefficients of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ over the temperature range 0.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is given. The position of a negative discrete energy as a function of some of the parameters of the exp-six potential has been investigated.
40 years of reliable computing at stanford CRC

This panel will celebrate contributions to reliable computing over the past 40 years by the Stanford Center for Reliable Computing (CRC) under the leadership of Prof. Edward J. McCluskey. The panelists will include graduates from CRC from different time periods over the past 40 years along with visitors who spent time at CRC as well as people from industry who have collaborated with CRC. The panelists will discuss different areas of contributions that were made at CRC including some background information on how the contributions came about, anecdotes, and perspective on how the contributions impacted the field. There have been over 60 Ph.D. graduates from CRC who have made contributions on a wide range of interesting projects.
Changes in lens protein in concentric fractions from individual normal human lenses.

The water soluble (WS), urea soluble (US) and urea insoluble (UI) fractions from individual human lenses 1.8 to 65 years of age were isolated from concentric fiber layers. In lenses younger than 19 years, a uniform distribution in the amount of WS, US and UI fractions was found throughout the entire lens. These fractions represent 83, 11.5 and 5.5%, respectively, of the lens dry weight. This compositin was observed with the cortical fibers of all lenses examined up to the 65-year old. In the nuclear fiber layers, the proportion of US protein gradually increases in the third to fourth decade of lens growth and appears to have reached a maximum representing 22–24% of the nuclear fiber mass in 50-year and older lenses. A large increase in the amount of the UI fraction to 30% of the fiber mass was observed in lenses between the 5th and 6th decade of lens growth. The change from the cortical to nuclear composition occurs in a narrow region of the lens which becomes more peripheral with aging.The cortical WS fr...
Symmetry States of the physical space: an expanded reference frame for understanding human consciousness.

Abstract A remarkable phenomenon is taking place around the globe, one that I have been fortunate enough to witness and in which to participate. The relics of the historical Buddha, also known as Siddhartha or Shakyamuni Buddha, still survive today over 2500 years since his enlightenment, and, for the first time in history, are traveling throughout the world. In common Buddhist practice, relics are highly venerated and treasured remains of realized Masters. It is very rare for relics to travel from city to city and be available for viewing by the general public. The Buddha relic tour is demonstrating that a direct experience of the spiritual state is not mysterious, nor is it for a select few. The spiritual state, here defined as a universal theme of unconditional love, is a component of human evolutionary unfoldment, a process through which thousands of human beings have passed, and through which thousands more will pass. We are “waking up” as a species. Consequently, more information is required about t...
A new approach to intestinal morphometric studies: application to the assessment of mucosal mast cell population size

A new approach to intestinal morphometric studies: application to the assessment of mucosal mast cell population size
REGULATION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA MRNA IN RAT LIVER

Chemical-induced peroxisome proliferation in rodent liver is postulated to occur via activation of members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPARs). In the present study, the expression of the predominant liver subtype PPAR alpha was examined and compared to that of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), a marker for peroxisome proliferation and a prototype for genes regulated via PPARs. Despite the induction of both mRNA species in vivo by the peroxisome proliferator perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), dose response and time course indicate PPAR alpha and ACO are not controlled similarly. Messenger RNA levels for ACO increased rapidly in rat liver and declined over the subsequent 7 days following PFDA administration, while PPAR alpha mRNA increased slower and remained elevated over this period. In addition, PPAR alpha mRNA accumulation in PFDA-treated rats appears to be due primarily to hypophagia as pair feeding and complete caloric restriction result in a large increase in the concentration of this messenger RNA. Nuclear run-on experiments in vivo suggest that, unlike ACO, PFDA as well as caloric restriction results in accumulation of PPAR alpha mRNA which cannot be explained solely by transcriptional activation. These data indicated that PPAR alpha mRNA accumulation has a very small peroxisome proliferator-dependent component and that other factors may be involved. A rat hepatoma cell line was examined to determine the direct effect on peroxisome proliferators on PPAR alpha mRNA. PPAR alpha and ACO mRNA levels were increased rapidly in the rat hepatoma cell line FaO after treatment with PFDA or the prototypical peroxisome proliferator Wy 14,643. In this cell line, PPAR alpha mRNA levels are not affected by glucagon or insulin and in addition to peroxisome proliferators are induced in this cell line by oleic acid and dexamethasone. The latter treatment had the greatest effect on PPAR alpha mRNA accumulation while having a minimal effect on ACO mRNA. Treatment of FaO cells with actinomycin D prior to Wy 14,643 abolished ACO and PPAR alpha mRNA accumulation, demonstrating that there must be a transcriptional component of the peroxisome proliferator response. Therefore, although PPAR alpha is responsive to peroxisome proliferators and direct effects are observed in cell cultures, mRNA accumulation in vivo is predominantly posttranscriptional, and endogenous regulators such as glucocorticoids may play critical roles in the tissue- and developmentally specific expression of this steroid hormone receptor.
What Is Hooking Up? Examining Definitions of Hooking Up in Relation to Behavior and Normative Perceptions

Research has demonstrated ambiguity about the definition of hooking up among college students. The current research examined whether there were multiple definitions of hooking up among college students and how different definitions might be associated with the participant's own hooking up behavior and normative perceptions of peer hooking up behavior. A random sample (N = 1,468) of undergraduates (56.4% female) completed a Web-based survey composed of measures of drinking and sexual behavior. Open-ended definitions of hooking up were content-coded and analyzed using a mixture model to explore discrete definitions of hooking up among college students. Findings indicated three clusters of student definitions of hooking up: Cluster 1 had the broadest definition, referring to sex in general, not specific sexual acts, and to making out. Cluster 2 placed an emphasis on interpersonal and social aspects. Cluster 3 defined hooking up as sex with notable references to specific sexual acts. Results further indicated...
Freeze‐drying above room temperature

This study investigates the use of solid, organic compounds to lyophilize drugs without conventional freeze-drying equipment. The aim of the investigation is to find a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent or solvent combination that is appropriate for freeze-drying on the basis of its ability to (1) solubilize hydrophobic drugs, (2) provide a stable environment for water-sensitive compounds, (3) be rapidly and completely removed from the product under vacuum, and (4) produce cakes that are readily reconstituted. A eutectic formed from 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (chlorobutanol) hemihydrate and dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) is determined to be a suitable medium.
An exact partition function for the classical Dzialoshinsky-Moriya chain

Abstract The exact partition function for the classical anisotropic chain with antisymmetric exchange is evaluated. For certain values of parameters in the hamiltonian, it is seen that the partition function is the same as the classical isotropic chain partition function.