cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IS195, an Insertion Sequence-Like Element Associated with Protease Genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as an important etiologic agent in adult and early-onset periodontal disease. Proteases produced by this organism contribute to its virulence in mice. Protease-encoding genes have been shown to contain multiple copies of repeated nucleotide sequences. These conserved sequences have also been found in hemagglutinin genes. In the process of studying the genetic loci containing the conserved repeated sequences, we have characterized a prtP gene homolog from P. gingivalis W83 encoding a cysteine protease with Lys-X specificity. However, this prtP gene was interrupted by an insertion sequence-like element which we designated IS195. Furthermore, IS195 and another element, IS1126, were present downstream of prtP gene homologs (kgp) found in P. gingivalis H66 and 381. IS195, a 1,068-bp insertion sequence-like element, contained 11-bp inverted repeats at its termini and was bordered by 9-bp direct repeats presumed to be a transposition-mediated target site duplication. Its central region contained one large open reading frame encoding a predicted 300-amino-acid protein which appeared to be a transposase. We isolated two naturally occurring variants of P. gingivalis W83, one carrying IS195 within the coding region of the prtP gene and another containing an intact prtP gene. Biochemical characterization revealed a lack of trypsin-like Lys-X specific proteolytic activity in the P. gingivalis W83 variant carrying the disrupted prtP gene. Studies using a mouse model revealed a reduction of virulence resulting from insertion of IS195 into the coding region of the prtP gene. An allelic-exchange mutant defective in the prtP gene also was constructed and tested in vivo. It displayed intermediate virulence compared to that of the wild-type and prtP::IS195 mutant strains. We conclude that the Lys-X cysteine protease contributes to virulence in soft tissue infections.
The influence of corticotropin on ketonemia and glycemia in normal and adrenalectomized rats.

PREVIOUS studies from this laboratory demonstrated that adrenaleo tomy and hydrocortisone or cortisone treatment of adrenalectomized and normal rats had opposing influences with respect to ketosis during a four day fast (Scott and Engel, 1953, Engel and Engel, 1954a). Thus, adrenal insufficiency was associated with enhanced ketonemia, provided the circulation was sustained with DCA, while cortisone treatment of the adrenalectomized rat restored ketonemia to normal. In the normal rat treated with cortisone or hydrocortisone fasting ketosis was completely abolished. In contrast, ACTH in a dose which increased adrenal weight and the blood sugar had no effect on fasting ketosis, although it did depress the exaggerated ketonemia associated with exposure to a cold environment. This apparent discrepancy between the action of ACTH and cortisone was puzzling but in keeping with the contradictory results recorded in the literature. Thus, Kinsell et al. (1951) have described a suppression of fasting ketosis by corti...
Genetic analysis of plant mixtures.

Plant mixtures are difficult to analyze genetically because of possible interactions between neighboring plants (i.e., between plants in the same biological group). However, a genetic modeling scheme has been devised which, theoretically, can accommodate such interactions. This study was an attempt to put the theoretical modeling procedure to an experimental test. To this end an experimental procedure was devised that generated biological groups from a well defined base population. A cultural system was used which permitted growing plant mixtures in controlled environmental facilities. This allowed the experiment to be conducted over a wide range of temperature and nutrient conditions. Application of the theoretical gene model to the experimental data permitted identification of those classes of gene effects that were responsible for genetic variation exhibited by the mixtures. Adequacy of the genetic modeling description was corroborated by precise prediction of an independent genetic response. The genetic analyses also identified statistically significant temperature-and nutrient-dependent forms of heterosis. It was concluded that the study demonstrated the suitability of the theoretical group gene model for describing complexities inherent in plant mixtures.
Vortex shedding from a ground tracking radar antenna and 3D tip flow characteristics

High-speed ground tracking radar systems rotating at about 60 rpm are currently being implemented as modern air traffic control systems in airports. The flow induced vibration and noise generation of the newly developed radar antennas are the two serious problems that jeopardise the successful deployment of the new ground-based aircraft tracking systems. This paper deals with the viscous flow details of the highly three-dimensional antenna tip section and the vortex shedding characteristics at Re = 426,000. The current analysis uses a 3D computational approach for the computation of viscous flow details around a highly 3D tip geometry. A 2D unsteady computation of the vortex shedding phenomena is also presented. This paper is a continuation of the computational study dealing with the determination of aerodynamic drag coefficients on advanced surface detection equipment (ASDE-X) antenna previously presented in Gumusel and Camci (2010).
Testing the sensitivity, specificity and feasibility of four falls risk assessment tools in a clinical setting

Aim This paper reports on a study undertaken to test the sensitivity, specificity and feasibility of four fall risk assessment tools. Background Falls risk assessment tools have been developed based on literature and findings from empirical studies, but the instruments often lack further testing in the clinical setting. Method Four falls risk assessment tools were tested simultaneously in this study. The data was collected in May-June 2006. All assessment tools were completed on a total of 1546 patients. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results The use of the instruments was moderately consistent among registered nurses, but the education provided did not entirely eliminate problems with accuracy. The sensitivity of the instruments was 57.1-100% and specificity was 24.9-69.3%. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of the instruments are important factors to consider when choosing an instrument. However, the strategies to educate staff and to intervene appropriately are equally important for an organization undertaking a proactive stance in mitigating the risk of falls. Implications for Nursing Management It is important for managers to test instruments in their own organizations and specific populations. It is also critical to carefully assess that the chosen instrument is easy and accurate in use. Language: en
An Optimal Set of Flesh Points on Tongue and Lips for Speech-Movement Classification

Purpose The authors sought to determine an optimal set of flesh points on the tongue and lips for classifying speech movements. Method The authors used electromagnetic articulographs (Carstens AG500 and NDI Wave) to record tongue and lip movements from 13 healthy talkers who articulated 8 vowels, 11 consonants, a phonetically balanced set of words, and a set of short phrases during the recording. We used a machine-learning classifier (support-vector machine) to classify the speech stimuli on the basis of articulatory movements. We then compared classification accuracies of the flesh-point combinations to determine an optimal set of sensors. Results When data from the 4 sensors (T1: the vicinity between the tongue tip and tongue blade; T4: the tongue-body back; UL: the upper lip; and LL: the lower lip) were combined, phoneme and word classifications were most accurate and were comparable with the full set (including T2: the tongue-body front; and T3: the tongue-body front). Conclusion We identified a 4-sen...
Logical probabilistic analysis and its history

Finding analogies between the mathematical logic and the probability theory is both of theoretical and practical importance. George Boole in An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, On Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities published in London in 1854 expressed a far-sighted idea on applicability of the mathematical logic to the probability theory. It is therefore astonishing, that during the last one and a half centuries not a single mathematician expressed his/her opinion on this matter, which gave reason to critics who said there is no mention on any relation between this science and the algebra of logic in any large publications on the probability theory, in particular, in publications of such academicians as A.A. Markov, A.N. Kolmogorov, etc. What is a phenomenon of the logical probabilistic analysis and why it is neglected by mathematicians?
One-carbon chemistry of oxalate oxidoreductase captured by X-ray crystallography

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent oxalate oxidoreductase (OOR) metabolizes oxalate, generating two molecules of CO2 and two low-potential electrons, thus providing both the carbon and reducing equivalents for operation of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of acetogenesis. Here we present structures of OOR in which two different reaction intermediate bound states have been trapped: the covalent adducts between TPP and oxalate and between TPP and CO2. These structures, along with the previously determined structure of substrate-free OOR, allow us to visualize how active site rearrangements can drive catalysis. Our results suggest that OOR operates via a bait-and-switch mechanism, attracting substrate into the active site through the presence of positively charged and polar residues, and then altering the electrostatic environment through loop and side chain movements to drive catalysis. This simple but elegant mechanism explains how oxalate, a molecule that humans and most animals cannot break down, can be used for growth by acetogenic bacteria.
Stable p-type conduction from Sb-decorated head-to-head basal plane inversion domain boundaries in ZnO nanowires.

We report that Sb-decorated head-to-head (H–H) basal plane inversion domain boundaries (b-IDBs) lead to stable p-type conduction in Sb-doped ZnO nanowires (NWs) due to Sb and O codoping. Aberration-corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy shows that all of the Sb in the NWs is incorporated into H–H b-IDBs just under the (0001) NW growth surfaces and the (0001) bottom facets of interior voids. Density functional theory calculations show that the extra basal plane of O per H–H b-IDB makes them electron acceptors. NWs containing these defects exhibited stable p-type behavior in a single NW FET over 18 months. This new mechanism for p-type conduction in ZnO offers the potential of ZnO NW based p–n homojunction devices.
Forecasting Interactive System Modification Used for Software Maintenance: An Empirical Investigation of User-Computer Interaction

This study deals with identifying primary factors which determine the usefulness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Usefulness is defined as user performance score. The study establishes linear models which explain the effects of CAI modifications designed to improve the utilization of computer facilities as well as users' performance.
Does marijuana increase risk for dating violence victimization or perpetration? Results of a meta-analysis

sample included 401 males (50.6%) and females (49.4%) who were in either the 10th (48.6%) or 11th (51.4%) grade in 2012/2013. The sample was 77% White, 17.5% African-American, and 5.2% from other ethnic groups. Results: The analysis revealed low correspondence between the survey and the interviews on variables indicating past-year nonmedical use of opioids (K= .309, p< .001), stimulants (K= .266, p< .001), anxiolytics (K= .123, p< .001), and sedatives (K= .157, p< .001). Among all past-year nonmedical users in either the survey or the interviews (n=37), 21.6% showed perfect agreement between the two modes of data collection, while 18.9% indicated nonmedical use only in the interviews, and 59.5% indicated nonmedical use only in the survey. Conclusions: Although our findings support past research which suggests respondents are more likely to report sensitive information on web-based self-administered surveys as compared to interviews, both modes of data collection measuring nonmedical use of prescription drugs appear to miss a substantial segment of adolescents who engage in this type of behavior. Further, given that a smaller percent of adolescents acknowledged nonmedical use via interview (particularly the use of anxiolytics and sedatives), researchers may need to evaluate how best to approach this issue when collecting sensitive information using qualitative methods. Financial support: This research was supported by research grants R01DA024678, R01DA031160, T32DA007267.
Maine seismic experiment: Frequency spectra of refraction arrivals and the nature of the Mohorovičić discontinuity

abstract Wave forms of first arrivals at various distances from explosions in the Gulf of Maine, 1961, were analyzed by Fourier integral analysis. Frequency spectra of the wave forms in the frequency range 2.6 to 25 cps were obtained. The frequency spectra of the refraction arrivals were compared with those of the direct arrivals. Statistical tests show that there is no clear dependence of the frequency content of the arrivals upon distance for either the direct or the refraction arrival, and that the two groups of arrivals definitely belong to two separate groups. Comparison with the results of a model experiment enables an estimate of the minimum possible velocity gradient at the Mohorovicic discontinuity to be made. On the assumption of a linear velocity transition at the boundary, the minimum possible velocity gradient is found to be 4 (km/sec)/km, or the maximum possible thickness of the transition layer to be 1 2 kilometers.
Ladies of the Canyons: A League of Extraordinary Women and Their Adventures in the American Southwest. By Lesley Poling-Kempes

Ladies of the Canyons: A League of Extraordinary Women and Their Adventures in the American Southwest . By Lesley Poling-Kempes. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2015. viii + 375 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $24.95, paper.) There are two especially gratifying elements of Lesley Poling-Kempes’s Ladies of the Canyons. The first is that the members of her “league of extraordinary women” come together in the Southwest much like the members of television’s A-Team assemble for their maverick adventures. We first meet Natalie Curtis Burlin, a brilliant and talented pianist born to Manhattan’s elite, on Washington Square. When she suffered a breakdown, her brother invited her to the Southwest to recover her health. She became a convert to the region’s landscape, rugged outdoor activity, and, …
Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Chongqing city from 2005 to 2010

Objective To understand the factors for the potential prevalence of schistosomiasis so as to provide scientific evidences for schistosomiasis control in Chongqing city. Methods According to the national schistosomiasis surveillance was carried out from 2005 to 2010. The local residents and the mobile populations were investigated by the questionnaire and their serum samples were examined by the indirect haemagglutination test(IHA).The Oncomelania snails and correlation were also investigated. Results National schistosomiasis surveillance site was established in Wanzhou county. The local residents were screened by ELISA and the positive rate were 0.61% in 2005 and 0.60% in 2010. 1 530 mobile populations were investigated,including 973 people returned from schistosomiasis endemic areas and 557 people came from endemic areas. The positive rate of antibody detection was 1.63%. The positive rate (1.95%) of people returned from endemic areas was not significantly different from those(1.08%) came from endemic areas. No snail was found at the surveillance sites of 604 051 m2..There was no livestock imported from schistosomisis endemic areas and none tested positive of local livestock. Conclusions There were the potential risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission in Chongqing city..The surveillance and control of sources of imported infected cases and prevent Oncomelania snails from spreading into the potential endemic areas in Chongqing city should be strengthened.
Ranking mechanisms for interaction networks

Interaction networks are prevalent in real world applications and they manifest in several forms such as online social networks, collaboration networks, technological networks, and biological networks. In the analysis of interaction networks, an important aspect is to determine a set of key nodes either with respect to positional power in the network or with respect to behavioral influence. This calls for designing ranking mechanisms to rank nodes/edges in the networks and there exists several well known ranking mechanisms in the literature such as Google page rank and centrality measures in social sciences. We note that these traditional ranking mechanisms are based on the structure of the underlying network. More recently, we witness applications wherein the ranking mechanisms should take into account not only the structure of the network but also other important aspects of the networks such as the value created by the nodes in the network and the marginal contribution of the nodes in the network. Motivated by this observation, the goal of this tutorial is to provide conceptual understanding of recent advances in designing efficient and scalable ranking mechanisms for large interaction networks along with applications to social network analysis.
Plant lignan secoisolariciresinol suppresses pericardial edema caused by dioxin-like compounds in developing zebrafish: Implications for suppression of morphological abnormalities.

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) enter the body mainly through diet and cause various toxicological effects through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Some plant extracts and phytochemicals are reported to suppress this transformation. However, most of these reports have been from in vitro experiments and few reports have been from in vivo experiments. In addition, there has been no report of foodstuffs that effectively prevent AhR-associated morphological abnormalities such as deformities caused by dioxins and DLCs in vivo. In this study, we show that secoisolariciresinol (SECO), a natural lignan-type polyphenolic phytochemical found mainly in flaxseed, has a rescuing effect, actually suppressing morphological abnormalities (pericardial edema) in zebrafish embryos exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), a dioxin-like PCB congener. Importantly, the rescuing effect of SECO was still evident when it was applied 16 h after the beginning of exposure to PCB126. This study suggests that SECO may be useful as a natural suppressive agent for morphological abnormalities caused by dioxins and DLCs.
Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (MCP) for Advanced Cancer Patients

This article is based on the opening lecture given at the Second Int. Congress on Logotherapy and Existential Analysis in Vienna 2015. It provides an overview of a novel counseling intervention for patients with advanced cancer, entitled “Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy.” Participants will be introduced to the topics of meaning and spirituality as they relate to the care of cancer patients. The basic concepts of meaning-centered psychotherapy will then be described. Meaning-centered psychotherapy is based on the concepts of meaning as derived from the work of Viktor Frankl and adapted for use in cancer populations by our team at Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Two forms of meaning-centered psychotherapy have been developed: meaning-centered group psychotherapy (8-weekly 1.5 h sessions) and individual meaning-centered psychotherapy (7-weekly 1 h session). Both interventions are manualized and several randomized controlled trials have been conducted. The results of these studies will be presented as well. A detailed description of the intervention and the content of each session will be provided. In addition, adaptations of meaning-centered psychotherapy for bereavement, cancer survivors, cancer caregivers, and adolescents with cancer will be described.
Predicting the basis of convergent evolution

Repeated evolution of similar traits in organisms facing the same ecological challenges has long captured the interest of evolutionary biologists ( 1 – 4 ). Naturally occurring examples of “convergent evolution” offer new opportunities to ask about predictability in evolution. Do complex genomes mean that there are endless possibilities for adapting to an ecological challenge? Or must evolution target the same genes, or even the same amino acids in the same proteins, in order to increase the fitness and therefore survival of different species facing similar challenges? Natarajan et al. ( 5 ), on page 336 of this issue, provide an example of an integrated approach to answer these questions. By using a combination of genetic data with experimental tests, they show that evolution of a new protein function in response to low-oxygen, high-altitude conditions can occur through different genetic mechanisms across a wide diversity of avian species living at high and low elevations.
Hepatosplenic volumetric assessment at MDCT for staging liver fibrosis

To investigate hepatosplenic volumetry at MDCT for non-invasive prediction of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatosplenic volume analysis in 624 patients (mean age, 48.8 years; 311 M/313 F) at MDCT was performed using dedicated software and compared against pathological fibrosis stage (F0 = 374; F1 = 48; F2 = 40; F3 = 65; F4 = 97). The liver segmental volume ratio (LSVR) was defined by Couinaud segments I–III over segments IV–VIII. All pre-cirrhotic fibrosis stages (METAVIR F1-F3) were based on liver biopsy within 1 year of MDCT. LSVR and total splenic volumes increased with stage of fibrosis, with mean(±SD) values of: F0: 0.26 ± 0.06 and 215.1 ± 88.5 mm3; F1: 0.25 ± 0.08 and 294.8 ± 153.4 mm3; F2: 0.331 ± 0.12 and 291.6 ± 197.1 mm3; F3: 0.39 ± 0.15 and 509.6 ± 402.6 mm3; F4: 0.56 ± 0.30 and 790.7 ± 450.3 mm3, respectively. Total hepatic volumes showed poor discrimination (F0: 1674 ± 320 mm3; F4: 1631 ± 691 mm3). For discriminating advanced fibrosis (≥F3), the ROC AUC values for LSVR, total liver volume, splenic volume and LSVR/spleen combined were 0.863, 0.506, 0.890 and 0.947, respectively. Relative changes in segmental liver volumes and total splenic volume allow for non-invasive staging of hepatic fibrosis, whereas total liver volume is a poor predictor. Unlike liver biopsy or elastography, these CT volumetric biomarkers can be obtained retrospectively on routine scans obtained for other indications. • Regional changes in hepatic volume (LSVR) correlate well with degree of fibrosis. • Total liver volume is a very poor predictor of underlying fibrosis. • Total splenic volume is associated with the degree of hepatic fibrosis. • Hepatosplenic volume assessment is comparable to elastography for staging fibrosis. • Unlike elastography, volumetric analysis can be performed retrospectively.
Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Bacterial Populations on Hot-Boned and Conventionally Processed Beef' 1.

Mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial counts of hot-boned and conventionally treated cuts from 15 steers were low [Log 0-2 colony forming units (CFU)/cm2] at 0 time; and after 14 days of vacuum-packaged storage (2.2 C), hot-boned cuts had higher counts than conventionally-treated cuts. In the first experiment involving 10 steers, the mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts for hot-boned cuts were Log 5.26 CFU/cm2 and Log 5.15 CFU/cm2, respectively, and for conventionally treated cuts, log 4.64 CFU/cm2 and Log 4.43 CFU/cm2, respectively. In the second experiment involving 5 steers, the mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts were Log 6.62 CFU/cm2 and Log 6.61 CFU/cm2, respectively, for hot-boned cuts; and Log 5.93 CFU/cm2 and Log 4.91 CFU/cm2, respectively, for conventionally treated cuts. Some hot-boned cuts had low levels (Log 0-3 CFU/cm2) of coliforms, fecal coliforms, Clostridium perfringens , coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and fecal streptococci. No Salmonella were recovered from any cuts. Temperature-decline data indicated that hot-boned cuts had longer (several hours) periods of rapid bacterial growth (above 21 C) than conventionally-treated cuts. The longer rapid growth period for hot-boned cuts may have contributed to higher microbial loads and subsequently to more growth of bacteria in cold storage. Slower chilling of hot-boned samples stemmed from vacuum-packaging and boxing soon after cutting. Temperature control of hot-boned meat during the first several hours of chilling is critical, particularly if hot cuts are vacuum-packaged and boxed before chilling. Some temperature decline guidelines, based on bacterial counts, are presented for hot-boned, vacuum-packaged boxed cuts. Most hot-boned cuts processed and stored under our experimental conditions were bacteriologically acceptable.
Young children’s behavioral inhibition mediates the association between maternal negative affectivity and internalizing problems: Observations, parent-report, and moderation of associations by age

Employing a multi-method approach, we investigated observed and parent-rated child behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal reports of their own negative affectivity (NA) as predictors of young chil...
Characterization of neuroblastic tumors as developmental cancers with survival determined by histology, age, and location.

10046 Background: Mortality associated with peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNT), comprising neuroblastoma (NB) and ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB), varies with some tumors spontaneously regressing and ...
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Gas Separation in Adsorbent-coated Microchannels

Abstract An experimental and computational investigation of gas separation in adsorbent-coated microchannels is performed. Experiments on porous-layer-open-tubular (PLOT) columns containing zeolite 5A using a ternary mixture of helium (He), nitrogen (N 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) show sequential breakthrough of N 2 and CO 2 and gradual saturation of adsorption sites with trace water. Multiple tests conducted for the adsorbent breakthrough investigation result in determination of adsorbent layer properties. The heat and mass transfer model results for a pressure drop range of 5–55 kPa and channel lengths from 1 to 4 m are found to be in reasonable agreement with the data with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 14% for adsorption time and 41% for temperature rise (Δ T ). The larger error in Δ T is thought to be due to uneven adsorbent loading of the PLOT columns. Therefore, the adsorption experiments are also conducted with custom-made adsorbent-coated microchannels with known adsorbent mass and layer thickness. The AADs for adsorption time and Δ T then decrease to 4% and 25%, respectively, indicating that the overall gas separation process is described well by the adsorption stage models, with local variation due to fabrication variability.
Operator-sum models of quantum decoherence in molecular quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata is a paradigm for classical computing which departs from the transistor paradigm and provides a system in which quantum phenomena may be studied. Here, the elementary computing device is a cell, a structure having multiple quantum dots and a few mobile charges. A specific operator-sum representation is developed for an exactly modeled double-dot, molecular cell within an environment of N similar neighboring molecules. While an operator-sum representation is not unique, a specific model can be determined by selecting a particular environmental basis. We select the environment's computational basis and calculate the specific and full set of 2N Kraus operators, which match exactly previous models of quantum decoherence in this system. Finally, the timescale for environmental interaction is characterized, enabling the reduction of the large set of Kraus operators to an approximate pair of Kraus operators, exact in the limit of large N.
La Conquista Maya de Espana: Reinventando la Historia con Carlos Fuentes

?Como seria diferente el mundo hoy si un ejercito de soldados mayas hubiera invadido y conquistado a Espana? De esta indole son las interrogantes que plantea Carlos Fuentes en la obra “Las dos orillas” publicada en 1993, momento propicio para reexaminar la Conquista espanola de Mexico. No existe otro evento historico mas formativo para la identidad latinoamericana actual; la Conquista ha dejado su huella en la composicion etnica, lengua, religion, gastronomia, arquitectura, y la economia que existe hoy en dia. Para conmemorar el quinto centenario de este evento, Fuentes elige un acercamiento singular y sorprendente que resulta en una version historica alternativa. Apoderandose de una curiosa mezcla de historia y ficcion, Fuentes abandona la version tradicional de los eventos y propone una nueva direccion para una historia muy conocida. El analisis que aqui emprendere tiene como su finalidad principal examinar esta version alternativa, recurriendo a la teoria sobre la nueva novela historica. En particular se va a enfocar en la linea entre ficcion e historia, lo dialogico, la perspectiva narrativa, y el tono subjetivo.
Abstract NS11: Identifying Discharge Needs for Stroke Patients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Background: Patients who develop a stroke are at high risk for cognitive decline. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) is a validated tool for assessing cognitive function within this patient p...
A broader perspective on records as seen by Records-in-Contexts

The new ICA standard Records-in-Contexts (R-i-C) takes the evolution of descriptive standards to the next level. The realities of digital recordkeeping, the increasing fluidity between “records” and “archives” – as recognised in Continuum thinking – and globalisation, have already made old boundaries between records managers and archivists less meaningful, and it is in this context that R-i-C is being developed. R-i-C can, for instance, be of direct use to records managers, in particular because the need to ensure usability and access of records over time has been pushed back to the start of the lifecycle, and because Open Data and Freedom of Information initiatives require integrated access to information sources. The R-i-C development process included alignment with ISO23801 Metadata for Records, meaning that using R-i-C will also facilitate compliance with ISO15489. The new multidimensional approach of R-i-C, along with its more conceptualised definitions of “entities” – for example of “Record” and “Re...
Measurement-Based Optimization of Channel Powers With Non-Gaussian Nonlinear Interference Noise

We present two enhancements that expand the utility of convex optimization of channel powers in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems with nonlinear interference noise (NLIN). First, we present a first-order perturbation theory-based model that can quantify NLIN without assuming any particular noise distribution, such as circular Gaussian. The model supports a convex form for the problem of maximizing the minimum channel SNR in the presence of NLIN. Second, we describe how to perform the channel power optimization based on the measurements by receivers in a live system, rather than the numerical modeling of the system. Such measurement-based optimization avoids impairments caused by the modeling errors or incorrect choice of model parameters. We verify our approach through split-step Fourier simulations of a system with significantly noncircular NLIN. We obtain a gain of 0.25 dB in minimum margin over an optimized one-dimensional power allocation in a system with 24 channels with alternating 16-QAM and 32-QAM modulation and a tilted noise spectrum.
Multiple contraceptive method use and prevalence of fertility awareness based method use in the United States, 2013–2015

Abstract Objectives Contraceptive prevalence in the United States is typically calculated according to the most effective method of contraception reported. This could theoretically underestimate the number of women using fertility-awareness based methods (FABMs), including those who use other methods (e.g., condoms) during the fertile window, but the extent of any such underestimation has not been assessed. Study design We used data from the 2013–2015 National Survey of Family Growth to examine the extent to which women report use of an FABM alone or with other methods. We investigated FABM use patterns and compared demographic profiles of FABM users versus other contraceptive users. We considered how to most appropriately define FABM prevalence. Results One in six (16.5%) female contraceptors 15–44 reported use of multiple contraceptive methods in their month of interview. Among women reporting current FABM use, 67% used it alone or with withdrawal, 24% also used condoms or emergency contraception, and 9% also used hormonal contraception or sterilization. An FABM was the most effective method reported for 2.2% of current contraceptive users; while 3.2% of contraceptors reported any current FABM use. We posit an FABM prevalence of 3% (1,113,000 users) among US female contraceptors (2013–2015). FABM users had similar sociodemographic characteristics as other method users, but were more likely married. Conclusions Currently, consideration of multiple method use has modest implications for estimation of FABM prevalence among contraceptors (i.e., an increase from 2.2% to 3%). However, multiple method use patterns with FABMs may merit special consideration if FABM use continues to increase. Implications Researchers and providers need to be familiar with the unique patterns of use among FABM users in order to more effectively measure and counsel about these methods.
On the Functions of Sadness and Grief

An account of sadness and grief is offered that focuses on their evolutionary function. Sadness and grief are distinct yet complementary adaptive responses to stress. Sadness is characterized by low physiological arousal, whereas grief is characterized by higher physiological arousal and a propensity to weep. Three general responses to stress are proposed: (1) an immune response, principally an energy-conserving state that is coordinated with enhanced immune activity; (2) a cognitive response, principally a reflective disposition characterized by more realistic situational appraisals, ultimately encouraging adaptive actions; and (3) a social response, minimally an appeal to halt aggression and, more broadly, an appeal for altruistic assistance.
Learning from Formal Consultations

“Consultation, coupled with a brief review of the literature on the specific subject, benefits the patient, the referring physician, and the consultant,” said Paul Wehrle. “Information is always better retained when associated with specific problems.” Consultations also promote interaction among colleagues—the basis for much continuing education in medicine. When a consultation is indicated, it is, of course, necessary for the physician to discuss its purpose with the patient beforehand.
Chemical and Biological Aspects of Marine Monoterpenes

The earliest studies on monoterpenes date back to the 1800’s. Nevertheless, this area remains of current interest since monoterpenes are abundant in volatile plant and seaweed oils (1). As the simplest terpenoids, monoterpenes are formed by the dimerization of isoprene (C5) equivalents, and have carbon skeletons which are subdivided into regular or rearranged isoprene types (2). In spite of such a simple genesis, about ten different carbon frameworks had been identified by 1920, and by 1972 they included 30 from a pool of more than 400 compounds (3). In recent years the study of monoterpenes has attracted the attention of diverse groups ranging from organic chemists to ecologists (4–7). Not surprisingly, the monoterpene literature includes reviews on their biochemistry, biosynthesis, synthesis, or structure determination (1–4, 8–11).
The continuity hypothesis: the relationship of long-term alcoholism to the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Although alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome has traditionally been considered an acute disorder related to a nutritional deficiency, recent evidence demonstrating that ethanol may be neurotoxic has raised the possibility that the perceptual, problem-solving, and memory deficits associated with this chronic neurological disorder may develop slowly over decades of alcohol abuse. A review of the recent cognitive literature provides only limited support for this “continuity hypothesis.” Long-term alcoholics, as with patients with alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome, are impaired on numerous visuoconceptual and learning tasks, but there is little or no evidence that the information-processing deficits underlying the two patient groups’ anterograde memory problems are similar. Furthermore, experimental and clinical studies of retrograde amnesia have noted only mild remote memory impairments in non-Korsakoff alcoholics as well as clear indications that alcoholic Korsakoff patients’ severe loss or access to remote memories occurs acutely with the onset of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. It is concluded that while the continuity hypothesis has heuristic value, there is still insufficient evidence to place the Korsakoff patient, the detoxified long-term alcoholic, and the heavy social drinker at different points on a single continuum of cognitive impairment.
Summary of the Faraday Discussion on New memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic applications

The Faraday Discussion on New memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic systems was held from October 15–17 on the campus of the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, or RWTH Aachen University, under the auspices of the Royal Society of Chemistry. The Discussion brought together over 100 experts and students from over 20 different countries to present, question, and debate the latest breakthroughs in a field that is exhibiting dramatic growth. There were a large number of excellent oral presentations and posters covering the topics of the Discussion, and the conversations among the participants were lively and informative. The first day and a half encompassed the experimental characterization and analysis of memristors for which the primary resistive switching mechanisms involved electrochemical metallization, chemical valence transformation, or thermodynamic phase change, which illustrated the diversity of the physical properties that can be harnessed for building memristive systems. The final half-day of the Discussion was devoted to synaptic and neuromorphic functions of memristors, which have been growing explosively in the past few years and demonstrate that resistive switching is important for much more than a non-volatile memory, but can also be utilized for learning and computation. The high quality of the presentations and discussions in this section demonstrated that this new research area has been solidly launched and we can expect significant advancements and real applications within a few years as new discoveries from biology are incorporated into neuromorphic hardware. I will not attempt to recapitulate the content of all of the sessions here, since the papers collected for this Faraday Discussions volume speak more eloquently for themselves than I can affect. What I hope to accomplish is to point out a few general concepts that arose when considering multiple papers together, especially during the discussions, and point out a particularly novel concept that deserves special attention.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Simple Agent Capabilities for an On-line Area Coverage Task

We present the results of a suite of experiments conducted with a 2D simulation of a multi-agent area coverage problem. Agents perform a basic behavior of moving in a straight line and responding to collisions by setting a new random heading. Agents are optionally equipped with a subset of three additional capacities: a timer that causes the agent to alter its heading at regular intervals, a surface sensor that detects areas that have not yet been covered, and an agent sensor that detects the proximity of other agents. Our experimental conditions included all combinations of these features and also varied the task environment and the number of agents deployed. We found that the usefulness of feature configurations depends upon the task environment, number of agents deployed, and the metric used to determine performance. The surface sensor feature became more useful as the number of agents increased, while the agent proximity sensor became less useful. The surface sensor was generally useful early in the simulation, but became a hindrance once the task was nearly complete. With one performance metric, each of the three features alone was detrimental, while a configuration combining them together was beneficial.
Surgeon perception versus reality: Opioid use after breast cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND Few guidelines exist for an opioid prescription after breast surgical oncology (BSO) procedures. We sought to characterize opioid prescribing and use patterns by surgery type. METHODS Patients (n = 332) undergoing BSO procedure were surveyed one week postoperatively for opioid use. The surgeons were surveyed about pain management preferences surgery type. CPT codes were collected for 2017 to calculate the amount of opioids used by surgery type relative to surgeon preference. RESULTS Mean oral morphine equivalent (OME) preferred prescription for surgeons who did not tailor prescriptions by surgery type (n = 7, group A) was 177, whereas for those who did tailor (n = 10, group B) varied from 137 to 257 OME. There was a significant difference in opioid use by surgery type: 32 OME for segmental mastectomy (SM) ± sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND), 63 for SM + axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), 76 for total mastectomy (TM) ± SLND, 115 for TM + ALND (P < 0.001). Considering the type of surgeries performed group A prescribers would have 229190 unused OME and group B would have 230826 in 1 year. CONCLUSION Wide variation in opioid use by BSO procedure type was noted with substantial unused OME regardless ofprescribing preference. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to tailor analgesic prescriptions according to the need.
Is Tax Planning Best Done In Private

We utilize extensive Internal Revenue Service data to investigate the tax behavior of comparable privately-held and publicly-held corporations. Our findings paint a nuanced picture of private versus public firm tax planning. Consistent with prior research, we find that private firms are more willing to engage in tax strategies that also decrease financial accounting income (conforming tax planning). Additionally, we find that private firms are more responsive to shareholder-level dividend taxes. However, tests reveal that private firms engage in either the same or less of other types of tax planning than their public peers. These tests include general measures of nonconforming tax planning and aggressive tax planning, in addition to specific measures such as tax haven usage and use of certain credits and deductions. Overall, our findings suggest that private firms have advantages over their public peers for some types of tax planning, but are not more active tax planners otherwise.
A Longitudinal Study of Application Structure and Behaviors in Android

With the rise of the mobile computing market, Android has received tremendous attention from both academia and industry. Application programming in Android is known to have unique characteristics, and Android apps be particularly vulnerable to various security attacks. In response, numerous solutions for particular security issues have been proposed. However, there is little broad understanding about Android app code structure and behaviors along with their implications for app analysis and security defense, especially in an evolutionary perspective. To mitigate this gap, we present a longitudinal characterization study of Android apps to systematically investigate how they are built and execute over time. Through lightweight static analysis and method-level tracing, we examined the code and execution of 17,664 apps sampled from the apps developed in each of eight past years, with respect to metrics in three complementary dimensions. Our study revealed that (1) apps functionalities heavily rely on the Android framework/SDK, and the reliance continues to grow, (2) Activity components constantly dominated over other types of components and were responsible for the invocation of most lifecycle callbacks, (3) event-handling callbacks consistently focused more on user-interface events than system events, (4) the overall use of callbacks has been slowly diminishing over time, (5) the majority of exercised inter-component communications (ICCs) did not carry any data payloads, and (6) sensitive data sources and sinks targeted only one/two dominant categories of information or operations, and the ranking of source/sink categories remained quite stable throughout the eight years. We discuss the implications of our empirical findings for cost-effective app analysis and security defense for Android, and make cost-effectiveness improvement recommendations accordingly.
The Picasso Algorithm for Bayesian Localization Via Paired Comparisons in a Union of Subspaces Model

We develop a framework for localizing an unknown point w using paired comparisons of the form "w is closer to point x i than to x j " when the points lie in a union of known subspaces. This model, which extends a broad class of existing methods to exploit union of subspaces structure, provides a powerful framework for using the types of structure found in many practical applications. We divide the problem into two phases: (1) determining which subspace w lies in, and (2) localizing w within the identified subspace using existing techniques. We introduce two algorithms for determining the subspace in which an unknown point lies: the first admits a sample complexity guarantee demonstrating the advantage of the union of subspaces model, and the second improves performance in practice using an adaptive Bayesian strategy. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method with experiments on synthetic data and in an image search application.
Motion analysis of youth soccer players using global position system tracking

Purpose: Research on the movement characteristics among youth athletes is limited. Wearable GPS devices allow the capability to record and analyze movement characteristics of athletes. Studies have demonstrated reliability of wearable devices in the adult soccer population. This is the first study in the medical literature observing the movement characteristics of male and female soccer players around the onset of puberty. Methods: This is a prospective, non-blinded, observation study of youth soccer players. Four teams including boys and girls from U10 and U13 teams with a total …