cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conditions for a Class of Entanglement Transformations

Suppose Alice and Bob jointly possess a pure state, |ψ〉. Using local operations on their respective systems and classical communication it may be possible for Alice and Bob to transform |ψ〉 into another joint state |φ〉. This Letter gives necessary and sufficient conditions for this process of entanglement transformation to be possible. These conditions reveal a partial ordering on the entangled states and connect quantum entanglement to the algebraic theory of majorization. As a consequence, we find that there exist essentially different types of entanglement for bipartite quantum systems.
Differences in the Perceived Well-Being of Wives and Husbands Caring for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease

This study aimed to examine differences in subjective psychological well-being between husband and wife caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease in comparison to the psychological states of noncaregiver husbands and wives similar in age and ethnicity. The principal comparison of interest was whether differences between husband and wife caregivers were greater than those between comparison group husbands and wives. Significant interactions for six out of nine psychological measures indicate that gender-related differences between spouse caregivers were specifically associated with the caregiving role. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between husband and wife caregivers as well as practice implications are discussed.
Diradical intermediate within the context of tryptophan tryptophylquinone biosynthesis

Despite the importance of tryptophan (Trp) radicals in biology, very few radicals have been trapped and characterized in a physiologically meaningful context. Here we demonstrate that the diheme enzyme MauG uses Trp radical chemistry to catalyze formation of a Trp-derived tryptophan tryptophylquinone cofactor on its substrate protein, premethylamine dehydrogenase. The unusual six-electron oxidation that results in tryptophan tryptophylquinone formation occurs in three discrete two-electron catalytic steps. Here the exact order of these oxidation steps in the processive six-electron biosynthetic reaction is determined, and reaction intermediates are structurally characterized. The intermediates observed in crystal structures are also verified in solution using mass spectrometry. Furthermore, an unprecedented Trp-derived diradical species on premethylamine dehydrogenase, which is an intermediate in the first two-electron step, is characterized using high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy. This work defines a unique mechanism for radical-mediated catalysis of a protein substrate, and has broad implications in the areas of applied biocatalysis and understanding of oxidative protein modification during oxidative stress.
Sorption behavior of mercuric salts on chemically modified wools and polyamino acids

Wool derivatives with sulfhydryl, thiosulfate, imidazole, pyrrolidone, or pyridine side chains were prepared and tested as potential scavengers for mercury salts in aqueous solution. More mercury is bound by these derivatives than by native wool or by certain commercial ion exchange resins under similar conditions. The presence of chloride ion, but not sulfate ion, in aqueous media decreased the extent of binding of mercuric chloride to both native and modified wools. The relative binding of mercuric chloride by various poly(amino acids) suggest that mercury is taken up by proteins by processes other than (or in addition to) specific combination with free functional groups. Two possibilities are suggested: the protein may act as a solid solvent for the mercurial, or the mercurial may form aggregated deposits within the protein after the specific binding sites have been occupied. These studies are intended to elucidate factors that govern mercury interaction with wool and other proteins and to develop improved scavengers for toxic metals.
Slant path rain attenuation and path diversity statistics obtained through radar modeling of rain structure

Single and joint terminal slant path attenuation statistics at frequencies of 28.56 and 19.04 GHz have been derived employing a radar data base obtained over a three-year period at Wallops Island, VA. Statistics were independently obtained for path elevation angles of 20\deg , 45\deg , and 90\deg for purposes of examining how elevation angles influences both single terminal and joint probability distributions. Both diversity gains and autocorrelation function dependence on site spacing and elevation angles were determined employing the radar modeling results. Comparisons with other investigators are presented. An independent path elevation angle prediction technique was developed and demonstrated to fit well with the radar derived single and joint terminal radar derived cumulative fade distributions at various elevation angles.
Direct observations of the atmospheric processing of Asian mineral dust

The accumulation of secondary acids and am- monium on individual mineral dust particles during ACE- Asia has been measured with an online single-particle mass spectrometer, the ATOFMS. Changes in the amounts of sul- phate, nitrate, and chloride mixed with dust particles cor- relate with air masses from different source regions. The uptake of secondary acids depended on the individual dust particle mineralogy; high amounts of nitrate accumulated on calcium-rich dust while high amounts of sulphate accumu- lated on aluminosilicate-rich dust. Oxidation of S(IV) to S(VI) by iron in the aluminosilicate dust is a possible expla- nation for this enrichment of sulphate, which has important consequences for the fertilization of remote oceans by solu- ble iron. This study shows the segregation of sulphate from nitrate and chloride in individual aged dust particles for the first time. A transport and aging timeline provides an expla- nation for the observed segregation. Our data suggests that sulphate became mixed with the dust first. This implies that the transport pathway is more important than the reaction ki- netics in determining which species accumulate on mineral dust. Early in the study, dust particles in volcanically influ- enced air masses were mixed predominately with sulphate. Dust mixed with chloride then dominated over sulphate and nitrate when a major dust front reached the R. V. Ronald Brown. We hypothesize that the rapid increase in chloride on dust was due to mixing with HCl(g) released from acidi- fied sea salt particles induced by heterogeneous reaction with volcanic SO2(g), prior to the arrival of the dust front. The amount of ammonium mixed with dust correlated strongly with the total amount of secondary acid reaction products in the dust. Submicron dust and ammonium sulphate were internally mixed, contrary to frequent reports that they ex- ist as external mixtures. The size distribution of the mixing state of dust with these secondary species validates previ- ous mechanisms of the atmospheric processing of dust and generally agrees with simulated aerosol chemistry from the STEM-2K3 model. This series of novel results has important implications for improving the treatment of dust in global chemistry models and highlights a number of key processes that merit further investigation through laboratory and field studies.
Role of TiO2 Surface Passivation on Improving the Performance of p-InP Photocathodes

The role of TiO2 thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition on p-InP photocathodes used for solar hydrogen generation was examined. It was found that, in addition to its previously reported corrosion protection role, the large valence band offset between TiO2 and InP creates an energy barrier for holes reaching the surface. Also, the conduction band of TiO2 is well-aligned with that of InP. The combination of these two effects creates an electron- selective contact with low interface recombination. Under simulated solar illumination in HClO4 aqueous electrolyte, an onset potential of >800 mV vs RHE was achieved, which is the highest yet reported for an InP photocathode.
Introduction to Renal Neoplasms and Clinical Relevance

Mass forming lesions of the kidney in the presurgical era were often abscesses secondary to nephrolithiasis, acute pyelonephritis, tuberculosis, or hydronephrosis due to obstructive uropathy and chronic pyelonephritis. Although the first description suggestive of a neoplasm was made by Daniel Sennert in 1613, perhaps the first that could be acknowledged by a contemporary observer as “renal cell” carcinoma was described by Miril in 1810. The beginning of modern tumor recognition and classification may be ascribed to the beginning of nephrectomy surgery, first performed by Gustav Simon, when it became apparent subsequent to the operation that patients could live with only one kidney. The first planned partial nephrectomy was done by Vincenz Cherny in 1887.
The Perils of the Fight Against Cognitive Illiberalism

This paper critiques the recent article from Dan M. Kahan, David A. Hoffman, and Donald Braman, entitled Whose Eyes Are You Going To Believe? Scott v. Harris and the Perils of Cognitive Illiberalism. Based on a study of lay reactions to the fact situation in Scott v. Harris, in which the Supreme held that a car chase that rendered the plaintiff quadriplegic did not involve the use of excessive force, the authors suggest that the Court’s pronouncement in Scott that no reasonable juror could interpret the facts differently was erroneous. They also conjecture that the Court’s mistake was due to what they call 'cognitive illiberalism,' an inability to recognize how cultural background influences one’s own (as opposed to others’) decisionmaking. Cognitive illiberalism bothers the authors not only because it might produce erroneous judicial conclusions of the type they think occurred in Scott but because, as they put it, it 'needlessly magnifies cultural conflict over and discontent with the law.' This paper questions the premise of the article, which is that opinions like Scott cause more than a ripple among the populace. Further, even if the authors’ concern about the case’s effect on social cohesion is correct, this paper questions whether we should care, given the implications of the authors’ analysis for judicial review and Fourth Amendment doctrine.
Market-Related Values and Pension Accounting

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 - Employers' Accounting for Pensions (SFAS No. 87) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106 - Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits other than Pensions (SFAS No. 106) allow firms to compute the expected return on plan assets by multiplying rate of return assumptions by fair values or smoothed fair values (moving averages of fair values) of plan assets. In an equity market with large price changes, the smoothed fair value of plan assets can differ considerably from the fair value. For example, during the strong bull market of the late 1990s, fair values exceeded smoothed fair values by more than 20 percent for some firms. This study examines the financial statement effect of using smoothed fair values instead of fair values and whether the market adjusts for these different accounting choices. We find that a majority of our sample uses some form of smoothed fair value to compute expected returns. Further, smoothing reduces earnings per share by more than 4.0% (9.8%) for the upper quarter (tenth) of our firms depending on the year. We find limited evidence that the market adjusts equity prices for income differences caused by firms using smoothed fair values instead of fair values.
FIRST-LETTER MNEMONICS AND SERIAL RETENTION'

The efficacy of mnemonic devices in the retention of serial lists has been amply demonstrated by Senter and Hauser (1968) for the hook or peg system, Bower and Clark (1969) for the narrative chaining method, and Delin (1969) for imagery instructions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the most popular serial mnemonic, the first-letter device. Twenty undergraduates were each assigned to a simple-repetition control or a firstletter mnemonic condition. The verbal material consisted of the following 15 English nouns: abdomen, archery, blizzard, cobalt, dagger, dresser, eternity, garlic, iceberg, oboe, petticoat, rafter, shack, topaz, and ulcer. Initially, both groups saw the words haphazardly arranged and were given 5 min. to complete the following assignment: the control group became familiar with the words and then copied them in an identical arrangement, whereas the first-letter group developed a mnemonic device to help them learn the words in any order which they had selected, and their order was written in a column. Next, the control group was given 3 min. to learn a random order of the words by using rehearsal only, whereas the first-letter group was given 3 min. to learn their chosen order, using their particular first-letter technique. The mean number of words correctly recalled during a 2-min. test at the immediate, 1-wk., and 8-wk. retention intervals, respectively, was 12.95, 3.35, and 2.25 for the control group; and 13.45, 4.55, and 2.45 for the first-letter group. The only significant difference was across retention intervals (F2,~ = 357.4, p < .O5), and both groups showed a significant loss only after the immediate test. Extensive analyses of the serial position data indicated no significant effects. These findings are in marked contrast to the significant advantages found for the peg system, narrative chaining, and imagery. Even though the first-letter device was the favorire serial mnemonic reported by college students (Blick, Buonassissi, & Boltwood, 1772), its effectiveness was not demonstrated in the present project.
Optical second-harmonic generation induced by electric current in graphene on Si and SiC substrates

We find that the flow of direct electric current (dc) through graphene on substrate enhances surface optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from the graphene/substrate system. The current can enhance surface SHG by about 300% for a chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) graphene monolayer on a SiO${}_{2}/\mathrm{Si}(001)$ substrate, and by about 25% for an epitaxial four-layer-graphene film on a 3.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-miscut vicinal SiC(0001) substrate. The enhancement in both the CVD and epitaxial graphene samples is due to electric field-induced SHG, which is produced by the current-associated vertical electric field at the SiO${}_{2}/$Si interface or at the graphene/SiC interface. Measurements of rotational-anisotropy SHG (RA-SH) from both samples revealed that the current-induced SHG varies strongly with the measurement location along the current flow direction. By measuring RA-SH from the vicinal SiC(0001) substrate, we determined all three second-order susceptibility tensor elements (${d}_{33}$ = \ensuremath{-}52.0 pm/V, ${d}_{15}$ = 20.0 pm/V, and ${d}_{31}$ = 18.7 pm/V) that characterize the SHG response of hexagonal SiC at the fundamental wavelength of 740 nm. We further determined the three effective susceptibility tensor elements (${d}_{33}$ = \ensuremath{-}135.8 pm/V, ${d}_{15}$ = 18.5 pm/V, and ${d}_{31}$ = 14.6 pm/V) that characterize the surface SHG from the graphene/vicinal-SiC(0001) sample and finally showed that the current-dependent tensor element ${d}_{33}$ can be enhanced to a large value of ${d}_{33}$ = \ensuremath{-}199.0 pm/V by electric current in epitaxial graphene.
THE LINK BETWEEN STUDENT IDENTITY, ATTRIBUTIONS, AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG ADULT, RETURNING STUDENTS

This study investigates the relationships etwen causal attributions, student identity, and self-esteem among a sample of adult students who were returning to college to complete a degree after a break of at least three semesters. Leawing college was conceptualized as a "failure" in the sense that the student had failed to complete a degree when prievously enrolld, and returning to school was conceptualized as an achevnment event or "success." A "hedonistic bias" was found in the way students explained leaving school, that is, they denied responsibility for leaving, explaining their departures with primarily exteal causes. Although external causes for returning were also more numerous, there was a tendency for internal reasons to increase from the time of leaving to the time the student returned to schooL The student identity was related to many aspects of self-esteem, but internal attributions were not related to self-esteem. Intmal causal afributions were not related to the shudent identity, but "activity-oriented" attributions were related to occupational status, suggesting a connection etwn the occupational identhty and attribution processes. The findings are discussed in the context of attribution theory and self-presentation theory.
Computational GIS and Agent-Based Model Development for Routing Optimization to Facilitate Pavement Condition Data Collection

Transportation agencies across the world have been implementing different types of Pavement Management Systems (PMS) to facilitate pavement management and maintenance. Obtaining the necessary information in a manual pavement distress data collection process is costly and time consuming. Research on the data collection of pavement conditions has focused mainly on evaluating the quality of the data collected and there is limited research on ways to improve the efficiency of the data collection process (e.g., selection of optimized routes for collecting data). In this study, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Agent Based Modeling (ABM) using swarm intelligence are integrated to optimize decision making processes for optimal routing selection in manual data collection process. The GIS platform provides the road spatial database containing the pavement sections that will be evaluated. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) was selected as the algorithm to optimize the decision making process of pavement evaluation crews (agents) during the pavement distress data collection process. Both the GIS and ABM models are developed using available data from the manual pavement distress data collection process in summer 2012 for the State of New Mexico. The results of this research will improve the understanding of route selection for pavement data collection. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Transportation agencies across the world have been implementing different types of Pavement Management Systems (PMS) to help with the decision-making processes of designing new roads and providing maintenance to existing ones. There are two types of data collected for a PMS: (1) Inventory data, which describes the physical elements of the road system that do not change markedly over time (e.g., pavement structure, geometrics, costs, and environment) and (2) condition data which describes
Analysis On Monitoring Data Of Water Quality In Rural Centralized Pipeline Of Juchao District,Chaohu City From 2005 To 2009

Objective To analyze the current status of drinking water quality in the rural centralized water supplying units in Juchao district,Chaohu city,and provide a basis for health supervision and law enforcement.Methods According to the method in National Water Quality Standards,water quality of the output water and peripheral water pipe network provided by rural centralized water supplied units in Juchao strict were sampled and tested.Results From 2005 to 2009,the total eligible rate of water quality in the output water was 52.9%,and the annual eligible rates were 48.4%,56.5%,51.9%,57.7% and 51.5% respectively.The total eligible rate of water quality in peripheral water pipe network was 50.8%,and the annual eligible rates were 28.6%,56.5%,51.9%,53.8% and 53.1% respectively.Conclusion The eligible rate of water quality in the rural centralized water supplying units in Juchao District,Chaohu City were poor.We should strengthen hygienic supervise and monitoring so as to guarantee the security of drinking water.
Study on Approachs for Improving Power Transmission of Yunnan West Area

Yunnan province is abundant in hydropower while the power transmission is restrainted by the long distance and dynamic stability in this area.Four improvements with applications of SC, TCSC, SVC, and inhanced PSS are proposed.The results of simulations show that two of them are proved to boost the transmission capability from Dali.One is a combination of adding PSS to the small hydropower stations in west part of Yunnan and a 50% SC implementation to Dali-Heping double circuit line, the other is 240 Mvar SVC implementation in Dali Power Station.
Chronic pulmonary inflammation modulates the fate of proteins administered by the respiratory tract.

The systemic appearance of radioiodinated proteins (125I-OA and 131I-HSA) administered via the respiratory route was studied in normal rabbits and in rabbits with BCG-induced chronic granulomatous pulmonary inflammation. The proteins were administered by i.t. injection into intact rabbits and into rabbits with tracheal cannulas or as an aerosol into isolated perfused lungs. The results showed that radioactivity appeared in the circulation as two fractions, one that was precipitables with 5% TCA and therefore protein-bound and one that was soluble in TCA. In both intact and tracheostomized animals, significantly more protein-;ound radioactive iodine was detected in the circulation of BCG-treated animals than in normal animals as early as 15 min after i.t. injection, and the differences persisted from 2 to 4 hr. However, in the isolated perfused lung, in which the only route for protein uptake into the circulation was the alveolocapillary barrier, only minimal differences in blood protein levels were observed as compared to normal BCG-inflamed lungs. This study suggests that chronic pulmonary inflammation promotes the absorption of i.t.-injected protein into the circulation, and that the route of enhanced uptake into blood is not the alveolocapillary membrane.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for a Subsemigroup of a Cancellative Left Amenable Semigroup to be Left Amenable

Let T be a subsemigroup of a cancellative, left amenable semigroup S. We give conditions which are both necessary and sufficient for the subsemigroup T to be left amenable.
Measuring giant anisotropy in paramagnetic transition metal complexes with relevance to single-ion magnetism

“Giant magnetic anisotropy” is a phenomenon identified fairly recently in coordination complexes of nd- and nf-block ions. It can have different origins but is commonly (if not always correctly) described through zero-field splitting (ZFS), which can reach values of 100 cm−1 and beyond. This magnitude of anisotropy imparts on some of the complexes in question properties akin to single-ion magnets (SIMs). As a parameter of great importance, it needs to be accurately measured, a process that is far from being trivial. In this perspective article we give an overview and brief characterisation of the many experimental methods employed to that purpose, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each.
Relations of alpine plant communities across environmental gradients: Multilevel versus multiscale analyses

Alpine plant communities vary, and their environmental covariates could influence their response to climate change. A single multilevel model of how alpine plant community composition is determined...
Computer-aided design for safe autonomous vehicles

This paper details the design of an autonomous vehicle CAD toolchain, which captures formal descriptions of driving scenarios in order to develop a safety case for an autonomous vehicle (AV). Rather than focus on a particular component of the AV, like adaptive cruise control, the toolchain models the end-to-end dynamics of the AV in a formal way suitable for testing and verification. First, a domain-specific language capable of describing the scenarios that occur in the day-to-day operation of an AV is defined. The language allows the description and composition of traffic participants (e.g., other vehicles and traffic control devices), and the specification of formal correctness requirements. A scenario described in this language is an executable that can be processed by a specification-guided automated test generator (bug hunting), and by an exhaustive reachability tool. The toolchain allows the user to exploit and integrate the strengths of both testing and reachability, in a way not possible when each is run alone. Finally, given a particular execution of the scenario that violates the requirements, a visualization tool can display this counter-example and generate labeled sensor data. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on three autonomous driving scenarios drawn from a collection of 36 scenarios that account for over 95% of accidents nationwide. These case studies demonstrate robustness-guided verification heuristics to reduce analysis time, counterexample visualization for identifying controller bugs in both the discrete decision logic and low-level analog (continuous) dynamics, and identification of modeling errors (e.g., traffic behaviors) that lead to unrealistic environment behavior.
Rise and Demise of the Innovative Entrant

This story offers students the opportunity to practice systems thinking, including the analysis of behavior over time graphs, the application of systems archetypes, and the design of system interventions. Excerpt UVA-OM-1217 The Story Once upon a time, there was a small software company built around the idea of new innovative voice-recognition algorithm. This algorithm was much more efficient than those used in applications offered to the market by competitors—it was user-independent, allowed to shorten dramatically a setup period (period when a user “teaches” software his/her voice pattern), and could be developed into a language-independent version (i.e., interface working with exotic languages and dialects). The evident superiority of the algorithm over all existing product and prototypes prompted the company to develop its own set of applications and invest heavily in the marketing and sales network—they believed that given the proper marketing effort it would be easy to get people to switch to the new product and recruit new adepts of voice-recognition interface. The early years seemed to support the plan—sales were growing exponentially, every new application or release developed dominated the market, and the company further expanded its sales by educating customers on merits of using voice-recognition interface and tapping into new niches previously unexplored by competitors. . . .
The past as an object: orientalist fantasies

ABSTRACTDrawing on Tanpinar’s journal, letters and academic writings, this article challenges the established reading of his works as integrating the Ottoman past into the modern present, and argues that he emerges as a self-orientalist in his identification with a notion of the rational Western intellectual that molds his perception of the past as well as of the East. This results in Tanpinar’s treatment of the Ottoman past, particularly in Huzur (A Mind at Peace) (1949) as a mystified and mystifying entity that can be integrated into modern life only as an object of pleasure—not of intellect. While his protagonists’ longing for the past seem to hold the promise of creating continuity between traditions, their attitude in fact amounts only to coveting the past as an object—a desire to possess the past and to become its master through putting it outside of time and reason, thereby creating a beautiful shelter from the tensions of modernization.
Recognizing Black Holes

We all live in a gravitational “hole”, produced by the earth’s gravitational field. By human (but not cosmic) standards, it takes quite a bit of energy to climb out of our hole before we can travel freely in space to other planets or stars. Light, however, has no trouble escaping the earth, so from a distance our planet appears as a pale blue object in reflected sunlight, not black at all.
UDE-based Robust Boundary Control of Heat Equation with Unknown Input Disturbance

Abstract In this paper, a novel robust control strategy named uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) is applied to the stabilization of an unstable heat equation with Dirichlet type boundary actuator and unknown time-varying input disturbance. The system is stabilized by the backstepping approach and the unknown input disturbance is compensated by the UDE-based method which constructs an estimation of the disturbance through filtering the system input U(t) and boundary state u(1, t). Compared to other existing disturbance compensation methods, the UDE-based method only requires the spectrum information of the disturbance signal. Furthermore, the output feedback version of the proposed control is also derived for the practical implementation purpose. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system for both state feedback and output feedback cases are carried out and simulation examples are also provided to verify the proposed method.
Risk of cardiovascular disease among women with endometrial cancer compared to cancer-free women in the Women's Health Initiative.

Abstract Background The majority of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) have low cancer-specific mortality; however, a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors places EC patients at high risk of developing CVD. In the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), we assessed the hypothesis that CVD risk was higher among women who developed EC compared with women who did not develop EC. Methods We compared the incidence of fatal and non-fatal CVD events among 1,179 women who developed Type I EC, 211 women who developed Type II EC, and 92,217 women who did not develop EC. We first estimated univariable cause-specific hazard ratios (CHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between an EC diagnosis (overall and by EC type) with CVD risk using Cox proportional hazards regression. Potential confounders were examined using a risk factor modeling approach; final multivariable-adjusted models included covariates that changed univariable CHRs for EC diagnosis by ≥ 5%. Results In multivariable-adjusted models, CVD risk did not significantly differ between women who developed EC compared to women who did not develop EC (CHR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87–1.16), particularly for the subgroup of women who developed Type I EC (CHR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.84–1.14); however, there was a positive but statistically nonsignificant association for Type II EC (CHR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.88–1.97). Conclusion Despite our null findings, women with EC should still receive counseling and support to make lifestyle changes aimed at reducing weight as appropriate, given the high prevalence of CVD risk factors at diagnosis.
Geriatric Peripheral Vascular Injuries: Nursing Implications

Trauma in the elderly is the fifth leading cause of death in patients greater than 65 years of age. Often the elderly have a lower mechanism of injury but display an increased severity of injury due to frailty and pre-morbid conditions. We often under-triage this patient population due to lack of pre-hospital triage guidelines along with trauma center geriatric triage criteria. The elderly often present to our trauma centers “looking good” which places many practitioners in a false sense of security. Geriatric patients have little reserve and the swift identification of an injured geriatric patient will lead to efficient assessment and treatment.
Preserving Data Integrity in IoT Networks Under Opportunistic Data Manipulation

As Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical systems become more ubiquitous and an integral part of our daily lives, it is important that we are able to trust the data aggregate from such systems. However, the interpretation of trustworthiness is contextual and varies according to the risk tolerance attitude of the concerned application and varying levels of uncertainty associated with the evidence upon which trust models act. Hence, the data integrity scoring mechanisms should have provisions to adapt to varying risk attitudes and uncertainties. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian inference model and a prospect theoretic framework for data integrity scoring that quantify the trustworthiness of data collected from IoT devices by a hub in the presence of an adversary manipulating data and an imperfect anomaly monitoring mechanism. The monitoring mechanism monitors the data being sent from each device and classifies the outcome as not compromised, compromised, and cannot be inferred. These outcomes are conceptualized as a multinomial hypothesis of a Bayesian inference model with three parameters which are then used for calculating a utility value on how reliable the aggregate data is. We use prospect theory inspired approach to quantify this data integrity score and evaluate trustworthiness of the aggregate data from the IoT framework. As decisions are based on how the data is fused, we propose two measuring models-one optimistic and another conservative. The proposed framework is validated using extensive simulation experiments. We show how data integrity scores vary under a variety of system factors like attack intensity and inaccurate detection.
Management of anxiety and depression in HIV-infected patients.

AIDS: Treating anxiety and depression in HIV patients was not a significant area of concern in the past. More mental health care is necessary as more HIV-positive patients survive longer. Health care providers need to be aware that some medications can hide or disguise symptoms, and some symptoms are by-products of the disease. Specific drugs and concerns are discussed for patients suffering from anxiety, depression, substance abuse, insomnia, and panic disorders. The need to be aware of the high correlation between AIDS diagnoses and suicide is highlighted.
Das ethische Grund-Nichtsollen

Zum idealen Grundsollen trat, wo es sich auf personales Freiverhalten bezog, ein spezifisch ethisches Strukturelement hinzu; es zog die Person mit einem bindenden Appell zur Verwirklichung des idealen Sollens heran. Gibt es Entsprechendes auch beim idealen Grund-Nichtsollen von Freiverhalten? Von vornherein spricht viel dafur, das die Sachlage hier parallel lauft.
“It takes a village”: collectivization in the postwar Ukrainian borderlands

ABSTRACTThis article examines collectivization as a crucial aspect of the Soviet state’s ambitious effort to “Sovietize” its postwar western borderlands. Given the enormity of this task, the state ...
Acyl furans from cyclohexane-1,3-diones – A synthesis of hibiscone C

Abstract A direct route to acyl furans was developed using dithiane anion addition followed by deprotection/aromatization. This led to an efficient synthesis of hibiscone C.
Conciliation, mediation and arbitration in collective bargaining in Western Europe: In search of control:

Dispute resolution by third parties is a cornerstone of national industrial relations systems across Europe. However, the formal powers of the institutions of conciliation, mediation and arbitratio...
Unmet substance use disorder treatment need among reproductive age women

Abstract Background Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic medical condition in need of long-term treatment. The objective of the study is to describe the current unmet SUD treatment need among reproductive age women living in the United States with a focus on pregnancy and parenting status. Methods Data were drawn from the 2007–2014 National Survey of Drug Use and Health for women 18–44 years old. The primary outcomes were past year SUD treatment need and receipt. Women with a SUD treatment need included those with a SUD and/or expressing a need for SUD treatment. Women were classified as pregnant, parenting (living with their children) or not pregnant nor parenting. Multivariable logistic regression determined if pregnancy/parenting status was associated with treatment need and receipt controlling for demographic factors. Results Among reproductive age women with a past year SUD treatment need, only 9.3 % (95 % CI 8.4–10.2 %) received treatment. Pregnant and parenting women were not more likely to receive treatment (pregnant AOR 0.9; 95 % CI 0.5–1.8 & parenting AOR 0.7; 95 % CI 0.5-0.9) compared to not pregnant nor parenting women. Black (AOR 0.3; 95 % CI 0.2-0.5) and Hispanic women (AOR 0.6; 95 % CI 0.4-0.9) were less likely to receive treatment. Conclusions Few reproductive age women who need SUD treatment receive it in the US. Although pregnant women are considered a priority population, they are not receiving priority services. Racial disparities in unmet SUD treatment need exist. Barriers to SUD treatment, such as expanding gender informed services, must be addressed.
Oxodealkenylative Cleavage of Alkene C(sp 3 )−C(sp 2 ) Bonds: A Practical Method for Introducing Carbonyls into Chiral Pool Materials

Reported herein is a one-pot protocol for the oxodealkenylative introduction of carbonyl functionalities into terpenes and terpene-derived compounds. This transformation proceeds by Criegee ozonolysis of an alkene, reductive cleavage of the resulting α-alkoxy hydroperoxide, trapping of the generated alkyl radical with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl (TEMPO), and subsequent oxidative fragmentation with MMPP. Using readily available starting materials from chiral pool, a variety of carbonyl-containing products have been accessed rapidly in good yields.
Association of cord blood methylation with neonatal leptin: An epigenome wide association study

Background Neonatal adiposity is a risk factor for childhood obesity. Investigating contributors to neonatal adiposity is important for understanding early life obesity risk. Epigenetic changes of metabolic genes in cord blood may contribute to excessive neonatal adiposity and subsequent childhood obesity. This study aims to evaluate the association of cord blood DNA methylation patterns with anthropometric measures and cord blood leptin, a biomarker of neonatal adiposity. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on a multiethnic cohort of 114 full term neonates born to mothers without gestational diabetes at a university hospital. Cord blood was assayed for leptin and for epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiles via the Illumina 450K platform. Neonatal body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze associations between individual CpG sites as well as differentially methylated regions in cord blood DNA with measures of newborn adiposity including anthropometrics (birth weight, fat mass and percent body fat) and cord blood leptin. False discovery rate was estimated to account for multiple comparisons. Results 247 CpG sites as well as 18 differentially methylated gene regions were associated with cord blood leptin but no epigenetic changes were associated with birth weight, fat mass or percent body fat. Genes of interest identified in this study are DNAJA4, TFR2, SMAD3, PLAG1, FGF1, and HNF4A. Conclusion Epigenetic changes in cord blood DNA are associated with cord blood leptin levels, a measure of neonatal adiposity.
How Can We Explain Different Number Systems

At present, we mostly use decimal (base-10) number system, but in the past, many other systems were used: base-20, base-60—which is still reflected in how we divide an hour into minutes and a minute into seconds—and many others. There is a known explanation for the base-60 system: 60 is the smallest number that can be divided by 2, by 3, by 4, by 5, and by 6. Because of this, e.g., half an hour, one-third of an hour, all the way to one-sixth of an hour all correspond to a whole number of minutes. In this paper, we show that a similar idea can explain all historical number systems, if, instead of requiring that the base divides all numbers from 2 to some value, we require that the base divides all but one (or all but two) of such numbers.
Microbial Cyclic GMP-AMP Signaling Pathways

Cyclic dinucleotides are key second messengers essential for bacteria to adapt and thrive in different environments. The recently identified bacterial cyclic dinucleotide second messenger, 3′,3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), was first discovered in Vibrio cholerae. A cGAMP isomer is also found in eukaryotes, and most of the current research on cGAMP biology is focused on its role in mammalian innate immunity regulation. In contrast, how cGAMP regulates its targets and the physiological roles of cGAMP signaling in bacteria are not well understood. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of microbial cGAMP signaling pathways. We review how this unique second messenger was discovered in the current pandemic strains of V. cholerae and how the first bacterial cGAMP protein target was identified. We discuss the potential roles of cGAMP signaling in membrane metabolism, gene regulation, pathogenesis, and evolution of V. cholerae as well as in other bacteria. We also compare the similarities and differences in microbial and eukaryotic cGAMP signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss the outlook of microbial cGAMP signaling research in the context of basic microbiology as well as in studying host–pathogen interactions.
‘An invention…that bottled up a memory, like scent’: phantom fragrances in Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca

In the opening chapters of Rebecca, du Maurier’s unnamed narrator makes a poignant remark about her desire to re-experience certain memories: ‘If only there could be an invention … that bottled up ...
Exploring Artificial Neural Network to Evaluate the Undrained Shear Strength of Soil from Cone Penetration Test Data

In geotechnical design practices, the undrained shear strength of soil is regarded as one of the engineering properties of paramount importance. Over the past years, several theoretical and empiric...
Monitoring Separation Tendency of Partial Asphalt Replacement by Crumb Rubber Modifier and Guayule Resin

Abstract Guayule resin was utilized as a partial asphalt replacer for sustainable, flexible pavement. This research aimed to study the effect of such an innovative replacer on asphalt-rubber separation tendency. The replacement denoted 25–75% triggering a binder competitive with conventional asphalt. Upon Stoke’s law, viscosity variation between asphalt and guayule was dominant, which affected the rubber particle sedimentation. A binder of 62.5% asphalt, 12.5% rubber, and 25% guayule provided better rheological behavior than that of conventional asphalt at elevated temperatures. Such a binder showed almost no liquid phase separation but poor storage stability in the whole matrix, after lab-simulated storage.
Control Design of a Dual-Input LLC Converter for PV-Battery Applications

This paper proposes a control technique for a three-port resonant-based dc/dc converter. A dual-input LLC resonant converter that interfaces with a PV and an energy storage source is studied. The topology is a dual half-bridge LLC circuit with four active switches. This topology allows the two sources to share the same resonant tank for transferring energy to the load without the need for additional circuit components. In the proposed controller, four operation scenarios are taken into account; PV to load, battery to load, PV and battery to load, and PV to battery and load. Three control variables; switching frequency, duty cycle, and phase shift are employed in the controller to implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and power flow control among the three ports in each scenario. A 500-W prototype was built to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. The PV input voltage range is selected to be 25 V to 50 V, and the battery voltage is 60 V, with an output voltage regulated at 400 V DC. Experimental results validate the proposed controller’s performance in implementing MPPT and power flow control for the three ports in four operation scenarios using the three control degrees of freedom.
Longitudinal Analysis of Distal Radius Alignment Parameters in a Cohort of Serial Radiographs

Purpose: An understanding of the normal alignment of the immature pediatric distal radius is important for determining the adequacy of reductions in fracture management. However, no study has rigorously examined longitudinal pediatric distal radius alignment during growth. The purpose of this study was to assess for trends in four radiographic measurements of the distal radius using serial radiographs in subjects aged between 6 and 14 years of age. Methods: Annual radiographs from 68 healthy children (n=34 males, 34 females) growing up in Cleveland, Ohio …
Engineering highly efficient backsplicing and translation of synthetic circRNAs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable RNA molecules that are attractive templates for expression of therapeutic proteins and non-coding RNAs. In eukaryotes, circRNAs are primarily generated by the spliceosome through backsplicing. Here, we interrogate different molecular elements including intron type and length, Alu repeats, internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), and exon length essential for circRNA formation and exploit this information to engineer robust backsplicing and circRNA expression. Specifically, we leverage the finding that the downstream intron can tolerate large inserts without affecting splicing to achieve tandem expression of backspliced circRNAs and tRNA intronic circRNAs from the same template. Further, truncation of selected intronic regions markedly increased circRNA formation in different cell types in vitro as well as AAV-mediated circRNA expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue in vivo. We also observed that different IRES elements and exon length influenced circRNA expression and translation, revealing an exonic contribution to splicing, as evidenced by different RNA species produced. Taken together, these data provide new insight into improving the design and expression of synthetic circRNAs. When combined with AAV capsid and promoter technologies, the backsplicing introns and IRES elements constituting this modular platform significantly expand the gene expression toolkit.
FEAR: A Simple Lightweight Method to Rank Architectures.

The fundamental problem in Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is to efficiently find high-performing architectures from a given search space. We propose a simple but powerful method which we call FEAR, for ranking architectures in any search space. FEAR leverages the viewpoint that neural networks are powerful non-linear feature extractors. First, we train different architectures in the search space to the same training or validation error. Then, we compare the usefulness of the features extracted by each architecture. We do so with a quick training keeping most of the architecture frozen. This gives fast estimates of the relative performance. We validate FEAR on Natsbench topology search space on three different datasets against competing baselines and show strong ranking correlation especially compared to recently proposed zero-cost methods. FEAR particularly excels at ranking high-performance architectures in the search space. When used in the inner loop of discrete search algorithms like random search, FEAR can cut down the search time by approximately 2.4X without losing accuracy. We additionally empirically study very recently proposed zero-cost measures for ranking and find that they breakdown in ranking performance as training proceeds and also that data-agnostic ranking scores which ignore the dataset do not generalize across dissimilar datasets.