cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meander Based River Coverage by an Autonomous Surface Vehicle

Autonomous coverage has tremendous importance for environmental surveying and exploration tasks performed on rivers both in terms of efficiency and data collection quality. Most surveys of rivers are performed manually using quite similar approaches. Using these practices to automate these processes improves the quality of survey operations. In addition to human expertise on the type of patterns, the coverage of a river can be optimized using the river meanders to determine the direction of coverage. In this work, we use the implicit information on the speed of the water current, inferred from the curves of the river, to reduce the cost of coverage. We use Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) to deploy the proposed methods and demonstrate the efficiency of our method. In addition, we compare the proposed method with previous coverage techniques developed in our lab. When taking into account meanders the coverage time has been decreased in average by more than \(20\%\). The deployments of the ASVs were performed on the Congaree River, SC, USA, and resulted in more than 27 km of total coverage trajectories.
Books: The Quality of Communication History Examined

(1980). Books: The Quality of Communication History Examined. Journalism History: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 74-78.
Children’s Perspectives on Their Relationships with Friends With and Without Complex Communication Needs:

Friendships are central to children’s development and well-being, but children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who have complex communication needs are at risk of social isolation....
The selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 improves lifespan and proteostasis in an evolutionarily conserved manner

The degradation of specific cargos such as ubiquitinated protein aggregates and dysfunctional mitochondria via macroautophagy/autophagy is facilitated by SQSTM1/p62, the first described selective a...
MRI of tibial stress fractures: relationship between Fredericson classification and time to recovery in pediatric athletes

Tibial stress fractures are not uncommon in pediatric athletes. The severity of injury may be graded using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To determine whether Fredericson MRI grading of tibial stress fractures can differentiate times to recovery across different grades in pediatric athletes. A medical record search identified all athletes younger than 19 years old who had tibial stress fractures confirmed by MRI and were treated by sports medicine specialists in our clinic system over a 5-year period. Two pediatric radiologists graded MRI exams using the Fredericson system. Time to recovery (in days) was defined in four ways: pain onset to full participation, pain onset to zero pain, first treatment to full sport participation and first treatment to zero pain. Recovery times were compared to tibial stress fracture Fredericson MRI grade and to the use of a recovery device. Thirty-eight pediatric athletes (age range: 7–18 years, mean: 15.4±2.2 years) had 42 tibial stress fractures while participating in 12 different sports. About half (55%) were track and/or cross-country athletes. The mean time from diagnosis to report of no pain for all patients was 55.6±5.0 days. We found no significant difference in time to recovery across stress fracture grade or with the use of a recovery device. No differences were noted between Fredericson stress fracture grades and different time periods to recovery or between differences in recovery time and the return to full participation in sports, regardless of the use of assistive devices.
Experimental Research on Mechanica Properties of Ultrahigh Voltage Disconnector in Cold Condition

High voltage disconnector is widely used in power system, but the cold environment brings new challenges and difficulties to its operation and maintenance technology. To study the effect of cold conditions on its mechanical properties, and get the extraction to represent the characteristics of its running state, 550 kV anti-pollution double column single arm horizontal telescopic disconnector was selected as test sample, and the test platform was also established. Then, stator current, output shaft strain, and power output during the closing and opening process were measured at room temperature and low temperature. The test results shows that compared with room temperature, the variation rules of stator current, output shaft strain and output power do not change significantly in switching process under the cold conditions, but the amplitude all increase to different degrees, and the electromechanical flow curve cannot be used as the characteristic quantity to judge the mechanical state of the isolating switch.
Taming fNIRS-based BCI Input for Better Calibration and Broader Use

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are an emerging technology with many potential applications. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide a convenient and unobtrusive real time input for BCI. fNIRS is especially promising as a signal that could be used to automatically classify a user’s current cognitive workload. However, the data needed to train such a classifier is currently not widely available, difficult to collect, and difficult to interpret due to noise and cross-subject variation. A further challenge is the need for significant user-specific calibration. To address these issues, we introduce a new dataset gathered from 15 subjects and a new multi-stage supervised machine learning pipeline. Our approach learns from both observed data and augmented data derived from multiple subjects in its early stages, and then fine-tunes predictions to an individual subject in its last stage. We show promising gains in accuracy in a standard “n-back” cognitive workload classification task compared to baselines that use only subject-specific data or only group-level data, even when our approach is given much less subject-specific data. Even though these experiments analyzed the data retrospectively, we carefully removed anything from our process that could not have been done in real time, because our process is targeted at future real-time operation. This paper contributes a new dataset, a new multi-stage training pipeline, results showing significant improvement compared to alternative pipelines, and discussion of the implications for user interface design. Our complete dataset and software are publicly available at https://tufts-hci-lab.github.io/code_and_datasets/. We hope these results make fNIRS-based interactive brain input easier for a wide range of future researchers and designers to explore.
Differential Constitutive Equations

A review of the basic definitions of stress and strain was given in Chap. 2. It was noted that a linear elastic solid in uniaxial tension or pure shear is governed by Hooke’s law given by, $$ \upsigma =\mathrm{E}\upvarepsilon $$ $$ \uptau =\mathrm{G}\upgamma $$ where σ (or τ) is the applied stress, e (or γ) is the resulting strain, and E (or G) is the elastic modulus and is applicable for many materials under certain circumstances of environment for small stresses and small strains.
The conjugates of d-glucuronic acid of animal origin.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the conjugates of D-glucuronic acid of animal origin. The chemistry of D-glucuronic acid is reviewed. Of the sixteen possible stereoisomers of the aldohexuronic acids, only three are found extensively in nature—namely, D-glucuronic, D-galacturonic, and D-mannuronic acids. Other natural uronic acids are very rare. In animal tissue, D-glucuronic acid occurs as a component of hyaluronic acid, chondroitinsulfuric acid, mucoitinsulfuric acid, heparin, and the conjugates of D-glucuronic acid. In contrast to the mucopolysaccharides, the conjugates of D-glucuronic acid are relatively simple compounds. While mannuronic and galacturonic acids exist in both α - and β -D-pyranoid forms, glucuronic acid is only found in the β -D form. Decarboxylation is the most accurate analytical method for the determination of D-glucuronic acid, and is generally used for the determination of this acid from plant sources. Other methods, such as reduction, measurement of optical rotation, and an array of color tests, are of limited value.
Uncertainty and variability of infiltration at Yucca Mountain: Part 2. Model results and corroboration

[2] The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission actively investigated climate and infiltration at Yucca Mountain for two decades to (i) understand important controls and uncertainties influencing percolation through the unsaturated zone on multimillennial time scales and (ii) provide flux boundary conditions for up to 1 million years in performance assessment models of the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. This second part of a two-part series describes site-scale model results for present and potential future conditions and confirmatory analyses for present-day conditions. At both the grid-cell and site-average scale, the calculated uncertainty distribution for net infiltration is approximately lognormal, and the coefficient of variation decreases with increasing net infiltration. Smaller relative but larger absolute responses to climate change occur where net infiltration is large. Comparisons of distributed model estimates with temperature and geochemical observations from the unsaturated zone suggest that average estimates are generally consistent but exhibit significant variability. An observed seepage event in the South Ramp of the Exploratory Studies Facility, combined with related subsurface observations across the site, suggests that subsurface spreading from zones of high infiltration to zones of low infiltration may occur in stratabound fractures, laterally extensive discontinuities, or at transitions between welded and nonwelded tuff units. Two conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow each explain the subsurface observations, collectively providing bounding estimates for net infiltration. Model-predicted uncertainty distribution for decadal-average site-scale net infiltration is generally consistent with estimated percolation fluxes using the bounding hypotheses, suggesting that the model-calculated uncertainty is reasonably consistent with the uncertainty in interpreting site observations.
Some observations about centralized linear prediction

A new formula for the coefficients of the prediction error filter for noncausal symmetric (centralized) linear prediction is presented. It is shown that when the signal is AR, the centralized filter reduces to a scaled product of the optimal forward and backward prediction error filters for the process. The result appears to be unique for linear prediction. For example, the symmetric noncausal Wiener filter for estimating a signal in noise has no such realization in terms of optimal causal filters.
H/spl infin/ adaptive fuzzy control technique for high performance drives: practical implementation

A novel design technique for high performance drives employing both H/spl infin/ optimal control and fuzzy control is proposed in this paper. The fuzzy control design is equipped with an adaptive learning algorithm to achieve H/spl infin/ tracking performance with external disturbances. It gives elevation to the selection of optimal performance weights without any trial and error attempt. The idea is to establish a link between H/spl infin/ optimal control design and fuzzy control design, so as to provide H/spl infin/ tracking design with more intelligence and achieve better performance with fuzzy control design. The effect of both fuzzy logic approximation error and external disturbance on the tracking error is attenuated to an assigned level. The control strategy does not require explicit knowledge of the motor/load dynamics, which is a useful feature when dealing with parameter and load uncertainties. The robustness of the proposed methodology is displayed for different types of trajectories. Experimental and simulation results suggest that the effect of both the fuzzy approximation error and external disturbance on the tracking error can be attenuated efficiently by the H/spl infin/ adaptive fuzzy control. Accordingly, the proposed design method is suitable for the robust tracking control of the uncertain nonlinear drive systems and is an attractive control design philosophy. Test results obtained indicate excellent tracking performance for both speed and position. Test results illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Extreme-ultraviolet interferometry at 15.5 nm using multilayer optics

The development of multilayer mirror technology capable of operating in the range of 3–30 nm and the construction of thin membranes with excellent uniformity and strength have made it possible to design and implement a Mach–Zehnder interferometer operating at 15.5 nm. We have tested this interferometer by using a soft x-ray laser as a source, and we show its use in probing high-density plasmas.
Partnering with management to implement ergonomics in the industrial setting

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to describe the collaboration among occupational therapy graduate students, faculty, and managers of an industrial organization in developing safety-training materials for workers. METHOD Three managers from an industrial organization sought collaboration from the School of Occupational Therapy. The occupational therapy faculty developed fieldwork experiences and implemented a qualitative research study where data were gathered through interviews, observations, key events, artifacts, and immersion in the field. RESULTS Changing workers' behaviors required influence from an organizational level, including manager support and role modeling, safety committee involvement, and a strong presence of occupational therapy in the organizational environment. CONCLUSION Occupational therapists who provide safety training in industrial settings must become partners with workers and managers, and immerse themselves in the organization to plan strategies that compliment the culture. Occupational therapists' interventions for safety training should match the needs and values of the managers.
Synchronous neuroendocrine tumor and non-small-cell lung cancer in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Key Clinical Message Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a common cancer predisposing condition. Tumors, particularly gastrointestinal tumors, are commonly associated with NF1 but are not widely known. In addition, the relationship between lung cancer and neurofibromatosis has been controversial until recently with the discovery of oncogenes such as p53.
Markov analysis of qualitative dynamics

Common sense sometimes predicts events to be likely or unlikely rather than merely possible. We extend methods of qualitative reasoning to predict the relative likelihoods of possible qualitative behaviors by viewing the dynamics of a system as a Markov chain over its transition graph. This involves adding qualitative or quantitative estimates of transition probabilities to each of the transitions and applying the standard theory of Markov chains to distinguish persistent states from transient states and to calculate recurrence times, settling times, and probabilities for ending up in each state. Much of the analysis depends solely on qualitative estimates of transition probabilities, which follow directly from theoretical considerations and which lead to qualitative predictions about entire classes of systems. Quantitative estimates for specific systems are derived empirically and lead to qualitative and quantitative conclusions, most of which are insensitive to small perturbations in the estimated transition probabilities. The algorithms are straightforward and efficient. Le sens commun permet parfois de predire des evenements comme etant probables ou improbables plutot que possibles. Des methodes de raisonnement qualitatif sont utilisees pour predire la probabilitye relative de comportements qualitatifs possibles en considerant la dynamique ?un systeme comme une chaine de Markov superposeee a son graphe de transition. Cela necessite ľaddition dcaron;ealuations qualitatives et quantitatives de probabilityes de transition a chacune des transitions et ľapplication de la theorie des chaines de Markov afin de distinguer les etats permanents des etats transitoires et de calculer le temps de recurrence, le temps ?etablissement et les probabilites de se retrouver dans chaque etat. Une bonne partie de ľanalyse repose sur des evaluations qualitatives des probabilityes de transition, qui decoulent directement de considerations theoriques et qui resultent en des previsions qualitatives concernant des classes entieres de systemes. Les evaluations quantitatives de systemes specifiques sont obtenues de maniere empirique et conduisent a des conclusions qualitatives et quantitatives, qui pour la plupart sont insensibles a de faibles perturbations des probabilityes de transition evaluees. Les algorithmes sont precis et efficaces.
The importance of crystal chemistry on REE partitioning between mantle minerals (garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine) and basaltic melts

Abstract Partitioning of rare earth elements (REEs) between mantle minerals and basaltic melts is fundamental to understanding crystal-melt fractionation processes and can be quantitatively described by the lattice strain model. We analyzed published REE and Y partitioning data between garnet and basaltic melt and REE, Y, and Sc partitioning data between olivine and basaltic melt using the nonlinear regression method, and parameterized key partitioning parameters in the lattice strain model (D0, r0 and E) as functions of temperature, pressure, and mineral and melt compositions. We show that REE and Y partition coefficients between garnet and basaltic melt are inversely correlated with temperature and pressure, and that the correlation between REE partition coefficients and Ca content in garnet (XCa) is convoluted by the inverse relationship between D0 and XCa and the positive correlation between r0 and XCa. REE, Y, and Sc partition coefficients between olivine and basaltic melt are positively correlated with Al content in olivine and inversely correlated with forsterite content in olivine and pressure. To test the validity of the assumptions and simplifications used in the model development, we combined the garnet and olivine models with a recent model for REE partitioning between clinopyroxene and basaltic melt to obtain two mineral–mineral partitioning models. We found that the model-derived garnet-clinopyroxene and olivine-clinopyroxene REE partition coefficients are consistent with the measured data from well-equilibrated eclogite and peridotite xenoliths at subsolidus conditions. This demonstrates the internal consistency of our parameterized lattice strain models for REE partitioning in garnet, olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Taken collectively, the partitioning models for garnet, olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene all suggest the importance of crystal chemistry, temperature and pressure in determining REE partitioning between mantle minerals and basaltic melts, and that melt composition has only a secondary or indirect effect.
Hodgkin lymphoma: to the HAART of the matter

Comment on Biggar et al, page [3786][1] Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a stunning decrease in all AIDS-related illnesses, with one apparent exception: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Biggar and colleagues, linking data from national AIDS and cancer registries in the United
278 RED BLOOD CELL MALONDIALDEHYDE (RBC-MDA) AND VITAMIN E TO TOTAL LIPID SERUM RATIO (E/TL) IN LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS

The RBC-MDA assay reflects adequacy of the overlapping antioxidant systems of the RBC, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, selenium, vitamin E and methemoglobin reductase. It gives no indication of the antioxidant protection afforded by serum proteins and so underestimates in vivo defenses. Membrane oxidant stress changes with ambient oxygen concentration, level of pro-oxidant metals, such as iron, and level and degree of unsaturation of membrane lipids. Equilibration of RBC membrane lipids with plasma lipids, which change at birth and with progression from parenteral to enteral feedings, requires about 2 weeks time. Membrane lipid equilibration in other tissues occurs more slowly. All of these factors affect tissue peroxidation rates. As seen in the table below, RBC-MDA assays on 150 nM/g Hgb or > 3 SD above normal adult mean), inspite of serum E/TL ratios well above normal for adults. Some degree of oxidant damage to cellular membranes following birth would appear to be inevitable.
Developmental Changes in the Calcium Currents in Embryonic Chick Ventricular Myocytes

Using the patch-clamp technique, we recorded whole-cell calcium current from isolated cardiac myocytes dissociated from the apical ventricles of 7-day and 14-day chick embryos. In 70% of 14-day cells after 24 hr in culture, two component currents could be separated from totalICa activated from a holding potential (Vh) of −80 mV. L-type current (IL) was activated by depolarizing steps fromVh −30 or −40 mV. The difference current (IT) was obtained by subtractingIL, fromICa.IT could also be distinguished pharmacologically fromIL in these cells.IT was selectively blocked by 40–160 μm Ni2+, whereasIL was suppressed by 1 μm D600 or 2 μm nifedipine. The Ni2+-resistant and D600-resistant currents had activation thresholds and peak voltages that were near those ofIT andIL defined by voltage threshold, and resembled those in adult mammalian heart. In 7-day cells,IT andIL could be distinguished by voltage threshold in 45% (S cells), while an additional 45% of 7-day cells were nonseparable (NS) by activation voltage threshold. Nonetheless, in mostNS cells,ICa was partly blocked by Ni2+ and by D600 given separately, and the effects were additive when these agents were given together. Differences among the cells in the ability to separateIT andIL by voltage threshold resulted largely from differences in the position of the steady-state inactivation and activation curves along the voltage axis. In all cells at both ages in which the steady-state inactivation relation was determined with a double-pulse protocol, the half-inactivation potential (V1/2) of the Ni2+-resistant currentIL averaged −18 mV. In contrast,V1/2 of the Ni2+-sensitiveIT was −60 mV in 14-day cells, −52 mV in 7-dayS cells, and −43 mV in 7-day NS cells. The half-activation potential was near −2 mV forIL at both ages, but that ofIT was −38 mV in 14-day and −29 mV in 7-day cells. Maximal current density was highly variable from cell to cell, but showed no systematic differences between 7-day and 14-day cells. These results indicate that the main developmental change that occurs in the components ofICa is a negative shift with, embryonic age in the activation and inactivation relationships ofIT along the voltage axis.
Biochemical characterization of procoagulant albumin

Abstract Procoagulant albumin (Pro-Alb) is an anionic form of albumin isolated from normal human plasma that regulates vascular endothelial cell hemostatic properties, including induction of tissue factor activity. We investigated the biochemical modification of Pro-Alb that was associated with procoagulant - inducing activity. Tryptic digestion of Pro-Alb identified greatest bioactivity in the carboxy-terminus of the molecule, a region associated with lipid binding sites. Activated charcoal treatment and phopholipase C digestion reduced the procoagulant-inducing activity of Pro-Alb, and Pro-Alb contained 2.3-fold more phosphorus than inactive albumin. We conclude that modification of albumin by phospholipid imparts tissue factor-inducing activity to Pro-Alb. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
SU-E-T-263: Luminescent Dosimetry to Measure the Out-Of-Field Low and High LET Dose Components in High Energy Photon and Proton Therapy Beams.

Purpose: Luminescent dosimetry using thermoluminescent detectors(TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescent detectors (OSLDs) were used in mixed radiation fields containing both low LET (photons and protons) and high LET (neutrons)components to obtain their out‐of‐field absorbed dose,dose equivalent and quality factor. Method and Materials: LiF Thermoluminescent Detectors(TLDs) 600 and 700 chips with dimensions 0.31×0.31×0.038 cm3 were used in a 25.4 cm diameter Bonner sphere centered 42 cm from the isocenter of a 15×x15 cm2 field to measure the secondary doses for 10, 15 and 18 MV photons and a 200 MeV proton therapy beam. From the sensitivity difference to LET radiation between the210 and 280 C peaks in the glow curve, the areas under the peaks were used to obtain the absorbed dose,dose equivalent and QF of the secondary radiation. The OSLD detector measured the low LET dose component to compare with the TLDdose measurement. The neutroncalibration of the TLDs was obtained from an Am‐Be source at the Argonne National Laboratory. The photon and protonTLD and OSLD calibrations were obtained in 6 MV and 200 MeV beams, respectively. Results: From the two‐peak analysis of the TLDs in the Bonner sphere the ratios of the neutrondose to photondose were 0.001, 0.014 and 0.17 for 10, 15 and 18 MV, respectively. The low LET OSLD measurements agreed within 10% of the TLD results. From the dose equivalent measurements the QFs (+/−14%) obtained were 4.5, 3.9 and 4.0 for these beam energies. For the 200 MeV proton beam the ratio of neutron to protondose was 0.28 with a measured QF of 13. Conclusion: Luminescent detectors in a Bonner Sphere provide measurements of the secondary photon,proton and neutrondoses and provide an estimate of the neutron QF.
Wind waves on a mudflat: The influence of fetch and depth on bed shear stresses

Abstract Wind waves were measured in the Willapa Bay mudflats, Washington State, USA, for two months. Wave height, period, and bed shear stresses were modulated by water depth (0–3.5 m), wind speed (0–20 m/s), and fetch (1–5 km). Good agreement was found between the measured waves and predictions of the wave spectral model SWAN using either simplified 1D flat bottom or 2D geometries. The relationship between bed shear stress and water depth shows a dependence on fetch: the decay of bed shear stress with increasing water depth is gradual for long fetch and rapid for short fetch. This difference is explained by the coupled effects of water depth, wave height and wave period. Due to the fetch-dependent bed shear stress, different morphological consequences for tidal flats of different size are predicted. In small (∼2 km) and sheltered tidal flats, waves cause the largest sediment resuspension when water levels are near mean sea level. In extensive tidal flats (∼20 km) or in flats exposed to waves propagating from deep water, waves also are effective in causing substrate erosion during high tides or large storm surges.
From barter to business ‐ a moral history of charging for interlibrary loans

The rapid growth of interlibrary loans in recent years has forced us to take a hard look at the practical and financial aspects of what we once thought of as a simple barter system. One good turn (the loan of a book) deserves another. The concepts of “reciprocal borrowing: and “resource sharing” are yielding to accounting principles and business processes. Charging for loans is becoming an acceptable practice. Which leads to the question, where did we get the idea that loans should be free in the first place? Early proponents of interlibrary loans in the USA did not shrink from the idea of charging but were stymied by the mechanics of collecting and distributing money. Our moral reluctance to charge is a relatively recent and perhaps transitory phenomenon. Bibliographic utilities have resolved many of the accounting problems. In the light of history, the decision to charge has more to do with mechanics than morality.
Two Factors in Perceptual Segmentation of Speech.

An experiment on the subjective location of clicks heard during spoken sentences shows (1) that clicks are attracted to major surface constituent boundaries, rather than to the boundaries of underlying structure clauses, and (2) that clicks are attracted to preceding constituent boundaries. (1) contradicts the hypothesis proposed by Bever, Lackner and Kirk (1969) that underlying structure sentences are the primary units of immediate speech processing. (2) suggests an overriding perceptual strategy in speech processing of attempting to close constituents of the highest possible level at the earliest possible point. There is independent evidence in the literature for the employment of this strategy.
Gamma-band auditory steady-state responses are impaired in first episode psychosis.

Background In chronic schizophrenia and chronic bipolar disorder, γ band (30–100 Hz) auditory steady-state electroencephalogram responses (ASSRs) are reduced in power and phase locking, likely reflecting neural circuit dysfunction. Here we examined whether γ ASSR deficits are also present at first hospitalization for psychosis. Methods Subjects were 16 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 16 first episode affective disorder patients (AFF) (13 with bipolar disorder), and 33 healthy control subjects (HC). Stimuli were 20-, 30-, and 40-Hz binaural click trains. The ASSR phase locking and evoked power were analyzed with the Morlet wavelet transform. Results At 40-Hz stimulation, SZ and AFF had significantly reduced phase locking compared with HC. This deficit was more pronounced over the left hemisphere in SZ. Evoked power at 40 Hz was also reduced in the patients compared with HC. At 30-Hz stimulation phase locking and evoked power were reduced in both patient groups. The 20-Hz ASSR did not differ between groups, but phase locking and evoked power of the 40-Hz harmonic of the 20-Hz ASSR were reduced in both SZ and AFF. Phase locking of this 40-Hz harmonic was correlated with total positive symptoms in SZ. Conclusions The γ ASSR deficit is present at first hospitalization for both schizophrenia and affective disorder but shows a left hemisphere bias in first hospitalized SZ. Some of the neural circuitry abnormalities underlying the γ ASSR deficit might be common to psychoses in general, whereas others might be specific to particular disorders.
Calcium Carbonate in Postglacial Lake Erie Sediment

Geotechnical, geochemical, electron-microscopic and biostratigraphic investigation of a 16.8–m long core of a postglacial lacustrine mud collected from the central Lake Erie basin revealed zones containing up to 30% calcite. These zones were associated with a very fine sediment, 80% of which was finer than 4 y.m. Shear strength values of the sediment ranged from 2 kN/m2 near the lake bottom to about 9 kN/m2 close to the Pleistocene boundary. The concentration of CaO was positively correlated with the concentration of inorganic C and Sr. The concentration of SiO2, A12O3, Fe2O3, K2O, and Rb gradually decreased with depth. The major crystalline phases were illite (44 wt %), chlorite (10 -13 wt %), calcite (6 - 30 wt %), quartz (6 - 20 wt %), albite (6 - 9 wt %), K-feldspar (2 wt %), and dolomite (2 wt %). The shells of mollusc species present in the lower portion of the postglacial sedimentary column indicated that the carbonate-high sediments were deposited in warmer water than the carbonate-low sediments above and between them.
Identification of prey consumed by Stethorus punctum picipes (Casey) (Cleoptera: Coccinellidae) in tree fruit and vines in Washington State, USA

ABSTRACT To determine the type of prey consumed by the predatory coccinellid, Stethorus punctum picipes (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), we identified food remains, based on body parts or whole bodies of mites, in the guts of adults collected in two fruit orchards (apple and cherry) and one vineyard in Washington State, United States in August and September 2009. Various plant-inhabiting mites, including species in the families Stigmaeidae, Eriophyidae, Phytoseiidae, and Tetranychidae, were found in guts of S. p. picipes collected on grapevine where no tetranychids were observed. On apple, where tetranychids were abundant, gut contents contained Tetranychidae, Stigmaeidae, and Eriophyidae. On cherry, where tetranychids were abundant, only Tetranychidae were found in gut contents. These results indicate that S. p. picipes adults can feed on alternative plant-inhabiting mites, in particular, when tetranychids are scarce.
The Stakes of Translation in Literary Fields

This article proposes to examine the stakes of translation in literary texts. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's theory of culture, it uses the notions of habitus, field and illusio in the framework of the translation of American literature in post-WWII France. After a short definition of what a field is for Bourdieu, we analyse the power of literary translation during the period. As it is based on the relationship between the habitus of the translator and a field, the translation is endowed with a power which is not stated as such and which relies on the exercise of legitimate violence from dominants, i.e., a violence that is not known as violence, a violence that is tacitly recognised. Thus, American literature imposes in France under the form of non-canonical genres such as Science Fiction and the Serie noire, but also highbrow literature, the translation of which has begun before WWII. The article closes on the stakes of Worldwide globalisation: the imposition of literary illusio , that is, the imposition ...
Prediction of Cannabis Use Disorder between Boyhood and Young Adulthood: Clarifying the Phenotype and Environtype

Employing a prospective paradigm, this investigation derived the childhood phenotype and the environtype associated with risk for cannabis use disorder. Two hundred and sixteen boys were evaluated between age 10–12 on a comprehensive protocol using self, mother, and teacher reports and followed-up at ages 19 and 22 to determine the presence of cannabis use disorder. The Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) and Non-Transmissible Liability Index (NTLI) were derived using item response theory. Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the indexes, singly and in combination, to predict cannabis use disorder. The TLI and NTLI together predicted with 70% and 75% accuracy cannabis use disorder manifest by age 19 and age 22. Sensitivity was 75% at both ages 19 and 22, whereas specificity was respectively 51% and 64%. The findings pertaining to sensitivity indicate that SUD risk for cannabis use disorder can be screened in childhood; however, the specificity scores demonstrate that a low score on the TLI does not inevitably portend a good prognosis up to 10 years later.
Inclusionary Discrimination: Pigmentocracy and Patriotism in the Dominican Republic

This study explored the nature of racial hierarchy and the connection between racial identity and Dominican patriotism using a questionnaire given to an in situ sample in the Dominican Republic. The analyses compared the contradictory expectations of the "racial democracy" (or "Iberian exceptionalism") thesis and social dominance theory. Results showed that despite the very high level of racial intermarriage in the Dominican Republic, there was strong evidence of a "pigmentocracy," or group-based social hierarchy based largely on skin color. Furthermore, despite a slight tendency for people to give slightly higher status ratings to their own "racial" category than were given to them by members of other "racial" categories, this pigmentocracy was highly consensual across the racial hierarchy. These results were consistent with the expectations of social dominance theory. However, in contrast to similar analyses in the United States and Israel, these Dominican findings showed no evidence that members of different "racial" categories had different levels of patriotic attachment to the nation. Also in contrast to recent American findings, there was no evidence that Dominican patriotism was positively associated with anti-black racism, social dominance orientation, negative affect toward other racial groups, or ethnocentrism, regardless of the "racial" category one belonged to. These latter results were consistent with the racial democracy thesis. The theoretical implications of these somewhat conflicting findings are discussed.
Prostaglandin F2α initiates polyphosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and membrane translocation of protein kinase C in swine ovarian cells

Abstract The biochemical mechanisms subserving the inhibitory actions of prostaglandin F 2α on ovarian cells are not known. Since the protein kinase C pathway is coupled to steroidogenesis in an inhibitory fashion in pig granulosa cells, we have tested the hypothesis that prostaglandin F 2α activates this phospholipid-dependent, calcium-stimulated effector pathway. Using monolayer cultures of swine granulosa cells, we now report that prostaglandin F 2α is capable of activating critical components of the protein kinase C pathway, including the production of water-soluble inositol phosphates, liberation of free arachidonic acid, release of endogenous diacylglycerol, and translocation of cytosolic protein kinase C to the phospholipid-enriched membrane microenvironment.
28 Long-term Administration of 5-Hydroxytryptophan in Down's Syndrome

Patients with trisomy-21 Down's syndrome have been demonstrated to have a depression of whole blood 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5HT). In older mongol children 5HT levels are usually around 50 % of normal while in the newborn a wide variation of levels from normal to as low as 10 % can be demonstrated. Fourteen hypotonic babies with trisomy-21 have been given 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) in an attempt to raise the whole blood 5HT. Oral 5HTP was begun in early infancy and has been continued since then in each patient. The level of 5HT in whole blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in the urine was monitored. Serial neurological examinations were recorded by motion picture and on forms identical with those of the M.R.C. Psychiatric Genetic Unit's study of 73 trisomic mongols (all those ascertained within one geographical area in a year).
Synthesis and circular dichroism studies of N,N-bis(2-quinolylmethyl)amino acid Cu(II) complexes: determination of absolute configuration and enantiomeric excess by the exciton coupling method.

We report a method to determine the absolute configuration of α-amino acids by exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECCD). Naturally occurring amino acids were successfully derivatized with 2-bromomethylquinoline. Complexation of these conformationally flexible ligands with Cu(II) salts yielded defined propeller-like structures. The direction of the twist (i.e., the relative orientation of the chromophores to each other) is governed by the asymmetric amino acid carbon center. The transition moments of the chromophores couple and yield a bisignate circular dichroism spectrum, the sign of which corresponds to the absolute configuration of the chiral center of the amino acid. Enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of amino acid derivatives is linearly related to the differential extinction coefficient Δe and can be assessed easily utilizing a standard curve. This efficient, sensitive technique requires low analyte concentrations, offers several advantages over established methods, and could be applied in medicinal, pharmaceutical, or chemical retail and manufacturing industry. Chirality 14:471–477, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ASC:SIL ratio following implementation of the 2001 Bethesda system

The 2001 Bethesda system (TBS 2001) eliminated the “satisfactory but limited by” category, benign cellular changes (BCC), and the designations “favor benign” (ASC-B) and “favor low grade” (ASC-L) for atypical squamous cells. We compared the unsatisfactory rate and atypical squamous cells:squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC:SIL) ratio pre- and postimplementation of TBS 2001 to see if there was an increase in unsatisfactory specimens, ASC rate, and altered ASC:SIL ratio. Pap Tests (569,726) reviewed at the Cytopathology Laboratory of Women and Infants Hospital from 1998–2002 were included. TBS 1991 terminology was used through December 31, 2001. Conversion to TBS 2001 took place on January 1, 2002. The average ASC:SIL ratios pre- and postimplementation of TBS 2001 were 1.52:1 and 1.42:1, respectively. The rates of unsatisfactory specimens and ASC remained unchanged. Conversion to TBS 2001 did not adversely affect the ASC:SIL ratio or the detection rates of abnormalities of Pap tests. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:240–242. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the Stiffness Matrix of the Intervertebral Joint: Application to Total Disk Replacement

The traditional method of establishing the stiffness matrix associated with an intervertebral joint is valid only for infinitesimal rotations, whereas the rotations featured in spinal motion are often finite. In the present paper, a new formulation of this stiffness matrix is presented, which is valid for finite rotations. This formulation uses Euler angles to parametrize the rotation, an associated basis, which is known as the dual Euler basis, to describe the moments, and it enables a characterization of the nonconservative nature of the joint caused by energy loss in the poroviscoelastic disk and ligamentous support structure. As an application of the formulation, the stiffness matrix of a motion segment is experimentally determined for the case of an intact intervertebral disk and compared with the matrices associated with the same segment after the insertion of a total disk replacement system. In this manner, the matrix is used to quantify the changes in the intervertebral kinetics associated with total disk replacements. As a result, this paper presents the first such characterization of the kinetics of a total disk replacement.
Studies of metabolic compartmentation and glucose transport using in vivo MRS.

Organs consist of several types of cells with specialized functions. This cellular localization of function is often referred to as compartmentation. Due to the intrinsic low sensitivity of MR methods it is generally not possible in vivo to obtain images or spectra of single cells. Instead the MRS signal is the sum of the signal from millions of cells and multiple cell types. A major challenge in using MRS to study biological processes such as metabolism and transport is to devise measurements that provide cell-specific information from this mix. Fortunately nature has helped the MR scientist by in several cases nearly completely localizing metabolic pathways and their associated metabolites in specific cell types. The chemical specificity of MRS allows the concentrations and synthesis rates of these metabolites to be measured, providing information about the compartmentation of metabolism and function. In this review examples are presented from MRS studies of metabolic trafficking between neurons and astrocytes in the brain, brain glucose transport, and the role of muscle glucose transport in insulin resistance and diabetes. The concepts and approaches used in these studies are generally applicable for studying cellular metabolic compartmentation in a wide range of systems.
Bids for freedom: Slave resistance and rebellion plots in Bermuda, 1656–1761

(1996). Bids for freedom: Slave resistance and rebellion plots in Bermuda, 1656–1761. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 185-208.
Synthesis of a triprotected dl-β-carboxyaspartic acid (Asa) derivative suitable for the synthesis of Asa-containing peptides

Abstract A new method for synthesizing DL-β-carboxyaspartic acid (Asa) derivatives suitable for use in peptide synthesis is reported.
Research Summary of an Additive Manufacturing Technology for the Fabrication of 3D Composites with Tailored Internal Structure

A novel additive manufacturing technology is used to create micro-composites, which can be tailored for specific end-use applications. The Field-Aided Laminar Composite (FALCom) process uses specifically focused electric fields to align nano- to micro-sized particles into chain-like structures, which are referred to as pseudo-fibers. These pseudo-fibers are then immediately frozen into place by incident ultraviolet radiation on the photopolymer matrix. The pseudo-fibers are arranged by design, and they are used to create three-dimensional composite structures. Multiple filler materials have been evaluated for use in the FALCom system; however, this report describes aluminum micro-particles that are aligned and oriented in an acrylic photopolymer matrix. A description of the technology and a review of experimental processing are shown, and conclusions, as well as, future work are discussed.
The use of the fluorescent probe α-parinaric acid to determine the physical state of the intracytoplasmic membranes of the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

Abstract α-Parinaric acid has been used to determine the degree of ordering of the hydrocarbon region of purified intracytoplasmic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides . The usefulness of α-parinaric acid as a probe of membrane fluidity was established by comparison of its fluorescent properties in phosphatidylcholine vesicles with those of the more commonly used fluorescent probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Both fluorescent probes were shown to monitor similar environments in the phosphatidylcholine vesicles when the phospholipids were maintained at temperatures above their phase transition temperature. The rotational mobility of α-parinaric acid in the intracytoplasmic membranes was determined from 0 to 50°C, a region where no phase transitions were detectable. The rotational mobility of α-parinaric acid dissolved in vesicles formed from total extracted intracytoplasmic membrane phospholipids, was 2–3-fold greater than that measured in the intact intracytoplasmic membranes; demonstrating that the presence of protein greatly reduces the mobility of the phospholipid acyl chains of the intracytoplasmic membranes. Due to the high protein content of these membranes, the perturbing effect of protein on acyl chain mobility may extend to virtually all the intracytoplasmic membrane phospholipid.
The Influence of Slip Character on the Creep and Fatigue Fracture of an α Ti-Al Alloy

The mechanical performance of engineering titanium alloys has long been known to be sensitive to the nature of applied load waveform. Sustained load hold periods imposed during the fatigue loading of two-phase α + β alloys are detrimental to material performance. A number of factors, particularly material texture, phase morphologies, and slip behavior, are thought to affect the dwell fatigue responses of these materials. This study examines the roles of slip character and applied load waveform on an alloy with a simpler microstructure than the two-phase alloys studied previously. It is found that planar slip has significant influence over the dwell, fatigue, and fracture behaviors of equiaxed-grained, single-phase α Ti-7 wt pct Al.
Enzymatic modification of a chemisorbed lipid monolayer

The selectivity and specificity of enzymes may be exploited to create chemically complex surfaces which are difficult or impossible to achieve using classical synthetic chemistry. In this paper we discuss the preparation of a chemisorbed lipid film on a silicon wafer and explore the activity of free phospholipase C (PLC) on that film. A carboxylic acid derivative of the lipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) was attached to an amino-terminal silane (EDA) via amide bond formation to create an immobilized lipid layer (EDA−DMPC). Films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity, and ellipsometry. Following treatment with the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC), which catalyzes the cleavage of the lipid headgroup at the glycerol−phosphate ester bond, the lipid film was reanalyzed using the above techniques. Before analysis, nonspecifically adsorbed PLC was removed with a 25% trifluoroethanol rinse. XP...