cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POPULATION TRENDS OF MIGRATORY RAPTORS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, 1977–2001

Abstract Trained observers counted migrating raptors and vultures from ridgetops at six sites in the Intermountain and Rocky Mountain Flyways of western North America: Goshute Mountains, Nevada (autumn 1983–2001); Wellsville Mountains, Utah (autumn 1977–1979 and 1987–2001); Bridger Mountains, Montana (autumn 1992–2001); Manzano Mountains, New Mexico (autumn 1985–2001); Sandia Mountains, New Mexico (spring 1985–2001); and Lipan Point, Arizona (autumn 1991–2001). We analyzed site-specific trends in annual passage rates (raptors per 100 hr of observation), conducting species-level analyses for 13 species and age-specific analyses for Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Our findings suggest that, until the late 1990s when possibly drought-related downturns began, Intermountain–Rocky Mountain populations of Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura), Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), Broad-winged Hawks (Buteo platypterus), Red-tailed Hawks (B. jamaicensis), Merlins (Falco columbarius...
Evaluating Gender Differences of Attitudes and Perceptions toward PowerPoint™ for Preservice Science Teachers.

Microsoft PowerPoint™ has become the generic name used when describing slideware applications. This study analyzed the gender differences of participant attitudes and perceptions of various components of PowerPoint™ presentations. Preservice science teachers (none licensed, mostly undergraduates) viewing PowerPoint™ presentations of science content provided the data. The components of the presentations studied were: text, graphics, the combination of text and graphics, narration, and appropriate use of PowerPoint™ for teaching and learning science content. The affect of animations viewed in prior participant PowerPoint™ experiences was also ascertained. A Kruskal-Wallis test was calculated to analyze the differences between genders for the perceived effectiveness of aforementioned components of PowerPoint™. Results showed a significant difference (H<0.05) for the affect of graphics in PowerPoint™ on gender. Females found the integration of graphics in PowerPoint™ to be a more effective approach to learning science than did males.
Some an ± bn Problems in Number Theory

1. R. H. Lamberson and J. Carroll, Thresholds for persistence in territorial species, in Topics on Biomathematics, I. Varbieri, E. Grassi, G. Pallotti, and P. Pettazzoni, editors. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1993, pp. 55–62. 2. R. H. Lamberson and S. J. Brooks, The role of nonterritorial birds in a population of northern spotted owls, unpublished technical report, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA. 3. R. H. Lamberson, R. McKelvey, B. R. Noon, and C. Voss, A dynamic analysis of northern spotted owl viability in a fragmented forest landscape, Conservation Biology, 6 (Dec. 1992), 505–512. 4. R. Lande, Demographic models of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), Oecologia, 75 (1988), 601–07. 5. T. Donovan, F. Thompson III, John Faaborg, and J.R. Probst, Reproductive success of migratory birds in habitat sources and sinks, Conservation Biology, 9 (Dec. 1995), 1380–95. 6. T. Donovan, R. H. Lamberson, A. Kimber, F. Thompson III, and John Faaborg, Modeling the Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Source and Sink Demography of Neotropical Migrant Birds, Conservation Biology, 9 (Dec. 1995), 1396–1407.
Comparing Water Quality Policies Through an Institutional-Transaction-Cost Frame

Many economists have studied the effects of political, administrative, and legal institutions on the design and performance of environmental policies. While there have been a number of empirical studies of some institutional effects, not all aspects of enforcement activities have been examined empirically. Some suggest that environmental policies should be evaluated by comparing the sum of their compliance costs and their enforcement costs. While we have many estimates of compliance costs, the costs of enforcement activities themselves have not been addressed empirically. Furthermore, we lack an integrative understanding of all of these institutional effects. An integrative approach is necessary because there are many tradeoffs between these effects, and these tradeoffs can be missed by less integrative approaches. This article uses an institutional-transaction-cost (ITC) framework to examine water quality policies, both empirically and in an integrative manner. We perform two comparisons, one of two point source policies and another of two nonpoint source policies. In the first, we compare a non-tradeable effluent limit permit policy versus an effluent charges policy. We see that even when ITC are considered, the economic-incentive-based policy of effluent charges is still a more cost-effective policy instrument than a command-and-control policy of NELP, although sensitivity analysis shows that this might not always be true. In the second, an effluent tax on irrigation districts is compared with a mandatory best-management-practices policy. We find that a decentralized enforcement body used in the case of the effluent tax will be both a more efficient and a more effective enforcement agency to control nonpoint pollution. In both of these comparisons, the ITC framework was used to generate detailed estimates of the costs of enforcing these policies. The methodology used is broadly applicable, and thus will be useful in estimating the costs of enforcing other environmental policies. Furthermore, these integrative comparisons offer insights into the tradeoffs generated by these policies. The second comparison focuses on the tradeoffs between higher detection costs due to the monitoring of discharges of an irrigation district versus corresponding reductions in other ITC. This article also examines tradeoffs from a specific design feature of the effluent charges system. By better understanding these tradeoffs, we more fully appreciate the complexities presented by these policies.
Dictionary für APL-Anwendungen

Wie bereits mehrfach erwahnt, mussen sich zur Ausfuhrungszeit alle benotigten APL-Funktionen/Programme im Arbeitsbereich (WS) befinden. Bei grosen Anwendungen bedeutet dies jedoch, das ein relativ umfangreicher Speicherplatz von nicht benotigten Anwendungsprogrammen belegt ist. Das erzeugt eine ubelflussige Systembelastung, weil wahrend einer Arbeitssitzung nur ein ganz begrenzter Teil eines Anwendungssystems durchlaufen wird. Hier bietet sich die Auslagerung aller Programme und Variablen in eine externe Datei (Objektbibliothek) an, wobei die zum Ablauf erforderlichen Objekte dynamisch nachgeladen werden konnen. Um dies nicht in den eigenen Anwendungsprogrammen durchfuhren zu mussen, sind die zentralen Transaktionsfunktionen so zu erweitern, das sie bei Bedarf diese Aufgabe selbstandig ubernehmen konnen.
Role of temperature in growth, feeding, and vertical distribution of the mixotrophic chrysophyte Dinobryon

Dinobryon spp. are common components of the phytoplankton in temperate lakes. While these chrysophytes link bacterial carbon as well as primary production to the larger food web, few studies have examined their vertical distribution over a season. Data were collected over a 2.5 yr period in mesotrophic Lake Lacawac in eastern Pennsylvania (USA) to examine water col- umn attributes relating to seasonality of the mixotrophic alga D. cylindricum, and specifically to address a hypo thesis that abundance and vertical distribution in the genus are associated with temperature. This information was used to guide laboratory experiments examining temperature and light effects on growth, feeding, and vertical migration of cultured Dinobryon. Data from Lake Lacawac and the literature indicated that high abundances of Dinobryon were associated with a narrow range of temperature (9�18°C) relative to temperatures where they were present (3�26°C). High abundances of several species of Dynobryon were associated with this tempera- ture range, and occurred from late winter to late spring, depending on latitude and depth in the water column. Although high Dinobryon abundances were not tied directly to levels of photosyn- thetically active radiation in Lake Lacawac, a UV-exclusion experiment in a nearby oligotrophic lake indicated a temperature-dependent negative effect of UV radiation. UV may limit the occur- rence of Dinobryon populations in surface waters of clear oligotrophic lakes. Laboratory experi- ments showed that both light and temperature affected growth and feeding rates of Dinobryon, and that maximum feeding and growth rates occurred within the temperature range where high Dinobryon abundances were observed in field studies.
The Expansion of Determinants of Composite Order

(1933). The Expansion of Determinants of Composite Order. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 65-69.
Effects of exogenous ATP on glucoregulation in vivo.

SummaryThe effect of exogenous ATP treatment (10 μmoles iv) on glucoregulation was evaluated in male Holtzman rats. ATP treatment decreased lethality of insulin in doses of 1 and 2 U sc, blunted the hypoglycemic response to 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 U insulin sc, increased the iv glucose disappearance rate, depressed the in vivo oxidation of 400 mg glucose, and inhibited the insulin response of epididymal fat pads to insulin in vitro. The data are consistent with the Chang-Cuatrecasas hypothesis that exogenous ATP inhibits insulin-mediated effects on glucose metabolism via phosphorylation of a membrane component.
The Steady State Sabbatical Rate

(1998). The Steady State Sabbatical Rate. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 195-200.
Genetic basis of TNF-α antagonist associated psoriasis in inflammatory bowel diseases: a genotype-phenotype analysis.

Summary Background Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologic associated psoriasis has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, little is known regarding its pathogenesis. Aim To identify potential genetic predispositions to anti-TNF associated psoriasis in IBD patients. Methods This retrospective chart review included IBD patients enrolled in a prospective registry. Cases of anti-TNF associated psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis unrelated to anti-TNF exposure were confirmed by an expert dermatologist. All patients were genotyped on the Illumina Immunochip. A weighted genetic risk score ascertaining genetic pre-disposition towards psoriasis was calculated and overall genetic pre-disposition as well as differential distribution of individual polymorphisms was compared across the three groups. Results Our study included 724 IBD patients who initiated anti-TNF therapy and did not develop psoriasis, 35 patients with anti-TNF associated psoriasis, and 38 patients with idiopathic psoriasis. Anti-TNF users who developed psoriasis had a modest but statistically significantly greater psoriasis genetic risk score than anti-TNF controls (mean 0.64 vs. 0.61, P = 0.04), and had a similar genetic risk score as those with idiopathic psoriasis (0.64 vs. 0.62, P = 0.22). Two loci associated with NOS2 and ETS1 genes achieved P < 0.05 when comparing anti-TNF associated psoriasis to anti-TNF controls. Three loci were significantly different between anti-TNF associated psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis including a polymorphism near NOS2 encoding for inducible nitric oxide synthase that is produced by dendritic cells in skin lesions in psoriasis. Conclusion Patients with anti-TNF associated psoriasis had a modestly greater genetic pre-disposition towards psoriasis but no single causative polymorphism was identified.
New Knowledge in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

The autoantibodies characteristic of the disease react against mitochondrial enzymes essential to the function of all body cells, yet the disease is highly focused on only one tissue: the epithelial lining of intrahepatic bile ductules. The explanation may lie in tissue-specific cell-surface expression of a triggering antigen.
Analysis on the surveillance of iodine deficiency disorders in Changzhou City, 2013

Objective To analyze the surveillance of iodine deficiency disorders in Changzhou City and provide evidence to make targeted prevention measures for iodine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2013, household salt iodine monitoring was carried out in7 districts of Changzhou City. In Jintan City, Liyang City and Wujin District, the thyroid was examined in school-age children, and the iodine concentration in urine was determined in school-age children and childbearing-age women. In the dry season(January-March) and wet season(June-August), water iodine monitoring was conducted in the monitoring sites in Jintan City and Liyang City. Results A total of 1980 salt samples were collected, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.65%. The edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.46%, and the median of salt iodine content was 23.9 mg/kg. A total of 750 children were inspected and no goiter was found. 300 children urine samples were detected, and the median of urinary iodine was 198.31 μg/L. 150 women urine samples were detected, and the median of urinary iodine was 180.12 μg/L. 36 rural waterworks were monitored. In the dry season and wet season, the median water iodine content was 5.49 μg/L and 4.7 μg/L in peripheral water, respectively. Conclusion The control of iodine deficiency disorders is significant in Changzhou City. IDD surveillance should be strengthened, and population iodine nutrition status should be evaluated dynamically.
Market mechanisms and the diffusion of control over force

Private security offers opportunities to states and non-state actors. As both have taken advantage of these opportunities, the market for force has affected the control of violence in many, sometimes contradictory, ways. In different instances it has both enhanced and undermined functional control and enhanced and undermined the integration of violence with the values we associate with the international community – democratic principles, human rights, and the rule of law. In each case, however, it has changed the mechanisms by which force is controlled and thereby redistributed power over the control, of violence – spreading that power differently within states and often enhancing the influence of persons and groups outside the state. Two general features of this political change, however – the growing significance of market mechanisms for eliciting control and the diffusion of control over violence – merit more discussion, as they point to the context in which the relationship between the three dimensions of control will work as this market unfolds further. Market mechanisms The growing importance of market mechanisms suggests that the control of violence will not only accrue to superiors in a hierarchical sense (for instance, leaders nested in electorates), but to consumers. While states can and have taken advantage of their role as consumers to increase their functional control of PSCs, market mechanisms work differently than hierarchical ones.
Molecular Pathology: Predictive, Prognostic, and Diagnostic Markers in Salivary Gland Tumors

Although initial attempts at using ancillary studies in salivary gland tumor classification were viewed with skepticism, numerous advances over the past decade have established a role for assessment of molecular alterations in the diagnosis and potential prognosis and treatment of salivary gland tumors. Many monomorphic salivary tumors are now known to harbor defining molecular alterations, usually translocations. Pleomorphic, high-grade carcinomas tend to have complex alterations that are often further limited by inaccuracy of initial classification by morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Next-generation sequencing techniques have great potential in many aspects of salivary gland tumor classification and biomarker discovery.
A case of traumatic rupture of a giant omphalocele and liver injury associated with transverse lie and preterm labor

Abstract Perinatal omphalocele rupture is a rare occurrence. We present a case of a baby delivered at 35 weeks with a known giant omphalocele, transverse lie, and the omphalocele downward in the birth canal who suffered rupture of the omphalocele and liver injury around the time of delivery. The pregnancy was complicated by one day of preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, and the omphalocele was the presenting part. Despite pulmonary hypertension, rupture of the omphalocele, and a significant liver injury, individualized management with decompression of the liver hematoma allowed successful early closure with mesh followed by delayed reconstruction.
Integrated genotyping of structural variation

Discovering genotype of structural variations (SV) is a new and challenging topic. To the best of our knowledge, estimation of variant allele frequency (VAF) of an SV from both read depth and read alignment has not been done. In this study, we propose BreakDown, a new statistical model that integrates read depth, discordant and split paired-end read alignment to accurately estimate SVs' genotypes and VAFs. Application to 43 low coverage samples in the 1000 Genomes Project shows that BreakDown produces highly accurate genotypes, especially on heterozygous deletions. Estimation of VAFs on both low- and high-coverage data is shown to converge on expected values with small divergence.
Failure Mechanism of Woven Roving Fabric/Vinyl Ester Composites in Freeze–Thaw Saline Environment

This experimental study investigates the degradation mechanisms of a glass fiber-reinforced plastic material commonly used in civil engineering applications. A substantial reduction in tensile, she...
Veritie hidde: amity, law, miscellany

ABSTRACTThe choral character of the academy, the bark of fashion and the other signs of the times register dimly a species of collective affect to research and writing. The offices of the academic include amity and its attendant aspirations of altruism, loyalty and selflessness but these intimate interiors of intellect are seldom if ever acknowledged, let alone analysed. Starting from the symptomatic text of a failed epistolary intimacy and abandoned project of friendship between Giorgio Agamben and Jean-Luc Nancy, this apparently irascible essay tracks the vanishing figure of intimacy in juristic and literary texts.
The Chicago Institute for the Study of Learning Disabilities.

Research at the Chicago institute focused on the social competence of LD children. Studies included investigations of LD children's communicative competence (e.g., adapting one's style to listeners, conversational skills), reading abilities (oral reading and comprehension), causal attributions of success and failure, and the immediate impression LD children make on naive observers.
Vanishing lung syndrome in a patient with HIV infection and recurrent pneumothorax

Vanishing lung syndrome (VLS) is a rare chronic, progressive clinical entity seen in smokers characterized by giant emphysematous bullae mainly in the upper lobes. Extensive paraseptal emphysema coalesces to form giant bullae, compressing the normal lung parenchyma. The criteria for diagnosis based on radiography was defined by Roberts et al in 1987 and includes the presence of giant bulla in one or both upper lobes, occupying at least one third of the hemithorax and compressing the surrounding normal lung parenchyma. HIV infection can worsen the disease process. We report a 56 year-old HIV positive male with a smoking history of 30 pack-years smoking history who presented to the Emergency room with chronic chest pain, dyspnea, and cough for 2-3 weeks duration. He had a history of COPD and had multiple prior admissions for recurrent pneumothoraces. Chest radiography (A) showed hyperlucent and hyperinflated lung with bilateral pleural thickening and bilateral severe bullous emphysematous changes which was suggestive of vanishing lung syndrome. Computed tomography of the chest confirmed these findings (B). Chest tube was placed on the left side for treatment of the pneumothorax. The patient had refused lung reduction surgery in the past. He was counseled on smoking cessation and was discharged home with a Heimlich valve catheter. The main complication of VLS is pneumothorax. Lung reduction surgery such as bullectomy results in improvements in dyspnea, gas exchange, and exercise tolerance. Clinical should be aware of the condition and early referral for lung reduction surgery is required. Smoking cessation is essential.
Aortic Root Reconstruction and Valve Repair During Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Repair

Care of the patient with acute type A aortic dissection requires a breadth of critical care knowledge and surgical techniques. The surgical approach is often dictated by patient-specific anatomy. For cases where the dissection involves the aortic root, this complex anatomical region must be addressed with close attention to the valve apparatus and coronary artery origins. In the vast majority of patients, repair of the aortic root is our preferred approach vs replacement. A reproducible technique for repair of the dissected aortic root is described, which utilizes a neo-medial layer of felt, limited surgical adhesive administration, valve re-suspension, and external felt reinforcement of the anastomosis. General patient considerations and key technical points are highlighted.
Management of Type 1A TFCC Tears

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries are a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain occurring after compression or shear injuries to the wrist, such as a fall onto outstretched hands. Clinical exam should focus on distinguishing pain from the TFCC versus other causes of ulnar-sided pain, and on stability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). In addition to plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging with or without arthography is also valuable in the diagnostic process. TFCC injuries are divided using into acute (Type I) and chronic (Type II) mechanisms, and further subdivided by the location and extent of injury. This chapter focuses on management of Type 1A tears, which occur in the central avascular region of the fibrocartilage and are not associated with DRUJ instability. For patients failing nonoperative treatment, arthroscopic evaluation and debridement of unstable flap tears to a stable rim is indicated. If positive ulnar variance is present, an ulnar-shortening procedure should also be performed. Results of debridement demonstrate excellent pain relief, high patient satisfaction, and a low complication rate. This chapter includes video.
Introduction to the Geographical Study of Viticulture and Wine Production

The study of viticulture and the geography of wine have intrigued humans from ancient civilizations to the modern world. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and other early cultures had a keen appreciation of the influence of geography upon the characteristics of wine produced within an area and an understanding of differences in wine coming from various regions. Throughout history, grape growing and wine production have been significant economic activities and have had a profound impact on culture and the resulting landscapes. The distribution of grapes and wine production are concentrated in certain areas where the “terroir” or ­geography is favorable. Because of the uneven geographical distribution, the geographer is uniquely qualified to study the spatial distribution as it relates to physical, cultural, and economic factors. In addition, the geographer is well equipped to provide the maps and the remote sensing imagery for the analysis of grape growing and wine production and, in turn, create the geographical information systems (GIS) that enable us to undertake applied research. This chapter investigates how the field of geography is ideally qualified to engage in these studies, and it presents examples of research carried out by geographers.
Association of activating NOTCH1 mutations in adenoid cystic carcinoma with shorter progression-free survival to systemic therapy.

6089Background: We previously reported that activating NOTCH1 mutations occurs in approximately 20% of ACCs and drive a phenotype with solid histology, liver and bone metastases, poor prognosis, an...
Spin-valley coupled thermoelectric energy converter with strained honeycomb lattices

Abstract A caloritronic device setup is proposed that harnesses the intrinsic spin-valley locking of two-dimensional honeycomb lattices with graphene-like valleys, for instance, silicene and stanene. Combining first-principles and analytic calculations, we quantitatively show that when sheets of such materials are placed on a ferromagnetic substrate and held between two contacts at different temperatures, an interplay between the electron degrees-of-freedom of charge, spin, and valley arises. A manifestation of this interplay are finite charge, spin, and valley currents. Uniaxial strain that adjusts the buckling height in silicene-type of lattices, in conjunction with an applied electric field, is shown to further modulate the aforementioned currents. We link these calculations to a Seebeck-like thermopower generator and obtain expressions (and means to optimize them) for two spin-valley polarized performance metrics — the thermodynamic efficiency and thermoelectric figure of merit. A summary outlines possible enhancements to presented results through the inherent topological order and substrate-induced external Rashba spin–orbit coupling that exists in silicene-type materials.
The effect of gender sensitivity on discrimination among secondary school students

The study investigated the effect of gender sensitivity on discrimination among secondary school students. 100 senior secondary school students were used for the study. Related literatures that discussed issues of gender sensitivity and discrimination among students were used as theoretical basis for the study. Three research hypotheses were developed for the study. A research instrument titled "Gender Sensitivity and Discrimination Scale" (GSDS) was used to collect data for the study. The instrument had 14 items which was validated with a reliability coefficient of 0.81 which shows that it was reliable for the study. Linear correlation and regression analysis was used as a statistical tool to test for relationship between the independent and dependent variables. From the findings, it was discovered that there was a significant relationship between parents attitude towards gender sensitivity on discrimination among secondary school students, while teachers attitude and that of government were not significant in contributing to cases of gender sensitivity among students. Recommendations were also made. This study will be significant to counsellors and the general public in sensitizing parents on issues regarding gender sensitivity so as to guide them on fair and equal treatment among their children or wards in order to curb discrimination among secondary school students.
Development of Novel Techniques of CoCoSSC Method

This chapter provides an introduction to our main contributions concerning the development of the novel methods of CoCoSSC.
Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments

This study explores risk transfer options that precarious and marginal urban communities could use to protect themselves from future damages and losses generated by socio-natural hazards and disasters at the individual and community levels. The design is framed within an evidence-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategy and follows the case study research approach. We analyze the 2018 Neighborhood Approach for DRR programming evaluation carried out in four Latin American cities’ informal settlements and review relevant risk transfer experiences aimed at vulnerable populations. We calculate the pure risk premium for the four cases selected, using a previous catastrophe risk assessment for earthquakes and landslides. We propose three risk transfer options based on our analysis: (1) voluntary collective insurance; (2) structural reinforcement with a comprehensive housing insurance; and (3) hybrid parametric insurance. Risk transfer mechanisms conventionally focus on residual risk management. Here, due to the precariousness of the analyzed urban settings, the proposed alternatives go beyond the management of just residual risk to positively impact the beneficiaries’ quality of life and the reduction of the built environment’s physical vulnerability in the short and medium terms. Our study proposes a prospective estimation of future risk despite the limitations of data availability. This study opens a window to new approaches and proposes a systematic process to design DRR policy aimed at the poor and vulnerable strata of society.
Laser surface texturing and related techniques for enhancing tribological performance of engineering materials: A review

Abstract Surface texturing is one of the most efficient surface modification approaches for improving the tribological performance of engineering materials. Several surface texturing techniques have been developed in recent years. Among these methods, laser surface texturing (LST) has gained considerable interests due to its high flexibility, superior texturing accuracy, and good controllability. This paper reviews the recent advances and developments of LST for enhanced tribological properties of engineering materials. The process designs of LST by means of direct laser ablation, laser interference, and laser shock processing are discussed. The effects of laser parameters on the texture features are highlighted. The enhanced tribological properties of LST-processed materials and their applications on various fields are reviewed. The current challenges and future directions of LST techniques are discussed.
ACE Inhibitor Use is Associated with Reduction in Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events in CF-LVAD Patients

Purpose Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains a vexing issue in patients supported with continuous-flow LVADs (CF-LVAD). GIB is associated with hospital readmissions, need for procedures, and blood transfusions. Recent literature has suggested association between angiotensin II antagonism and formation of AVMs in CF-LVAD patients. We hypothesized that ACE inhibitor (ACEi) use is associated with a reduction in GIB. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of CF-LVAD patients from our institution from 2017 to 2019. Descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing (t-tests and chi square) and logistic regression modeling including propensity-score matching was performed with STATA/SE 15.1. Results 110 patients were included in the study population (76% men, average age 56 years). 27 patients (25%) had GIB events. Age, creatinine, BP, central venous and pulmonary artery pressure, prior ACEi use, and tricuspid and mitral valve regurgitation were all similar between GIB and non-GIB patients. GIB compared with non-GIB patients were more likely to be ischemic (62% vs 39% p=0.049) and implanted as DT (89% vs 65% p=0.018). Only 45% of the population was on an ACEi at 1 month. Pre-operative Cr and Cr at 1 week were higher in patients not on ACEi (1.4 vs 1.1 p=0.0026 and 1.57 vs 1.1 p=0.0019); however, Cr at 1 month was similar between the groups not on ACEi and on ACEi (1.15 vs 0.97 p=0.07). Unadjusted odds ratio for GIB with ACE inhibitor use at 1 month post implant was 0.35 (p=0.035). Odds ratio when adjusted for covariates was not significant in logistic regression modeling. Using a smaller population with complete data (n= 40), propensity-score matching (age, sex, initial indication, etiology, BMI, CVP and Cr pre-implant, Cr at 1 week and Cr at 1 month) for ACEi at 1 month demonstrated a significant association between ACEi use at 1 month and fewer GIB events (coefficient -.175, p=0.014) in a matched group. Conclusion There is an association between ACEi use at 1 month and reduction in GIB in an unadjusted model. The association remains significant in propensity-score matching analysis. Although Cr was higher in the group not on ACEi very early post-operatively, Cr was the same in patients on or off ACEi by 1 month suggesting that ongoing assessment about candidacy for ACEi use post-implantation should be performed. Further work to clarify timing of ACEi initiation and dosing is needed.
Planar Electromagnetic Propagation of a Circularly Polarized Wave Across Achiral/Chiral and Chiral/Achiral Interfaces using Fresnel Coefficients

Propagation across chiral interfaces are studied for incident electromagnetic plane waves with right circular polarization, Propagation across a purely achiral interface is first reviewed, followed by analyses for an achiral/chiral interface, and finally a chiral/achiral interface. The analysis consists of deriving corresponding Fresnel coefficients for reflection and transmission, and comparison between the two chiral interfaces.)
Competing antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic states in a d 7 Kitaev honeycomb magnet

The Kitaev model is a rare example of an analytically solvable and physically instantiable Hamiltonian yielding a topological quantum spin liquid ground state. Here we report signatures of Kitaev spin liquid physics in the honeycomb magnet ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{Sb}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, built of high-spin ${d}^{7}$ (${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$) ions, in contrast to the more typical low-spin ${d}^{5}$ electron configurations in the presence of large spin-orbit coupling. Neutron powder diffraction measurements, heat capacity, and magnetization studies support the development of a long-range antiferromagnetic order space group of ${C}_{C}2/m$, below ${T}_{N}=11\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ at ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}H=0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. The magnetic entropy recovered between $T=2$ and 50 K is estimated to be $0.6R\mathrm{ln}2$, in good agreement with the value expected for systems close to a Kitaev quantum spin liquid state. The temperature-dependent magnetic order parameter demonstrates a \ensuremath{\beta} value of 0.19(3), consistent with XY anisotropy and in-plane ordering, with Ising-like interactions between layers. Further, we observe a spin-flop-driven crossover to ferromagnetic order with space group of $C2/m$ under an applied magnetic field of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}H\ensuremath{\approx}0.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ at $T=2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Magnetic structure analysis demonstrates these magnetic states are competing at finite applied magnetic fields even below the spin-flop transition. Both the ${d}^{7}$ compass model, a quantitative comparison of the specific heat of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{3}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{Sb}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$, and related honeycomb cobaltates to the anisotropic Kitaev model further support proximity to a Kitaev spin liquid state. This material demonstrates the rich playground of high-spin ${d}^{7}$ systems for spin liquid candidates and complements known ${d}^{5}$ Ir- and Ru-based materials.
Food decision-making under time pressure

Abstract Does time pressure affect the cognitive process and subsequently food choices? We use the Drift Diffusion (DD) model and data from a well-controlled experiment to show that the cognitive process behind food choices is subject to significant changes under time pressure. Specifically, we find that subjects tend to accumulate less product information compared to the no time pressure condition. Under time pressure, subjects also spend less time encoding pre-decisional product stimuli and have more information accumulation speed to make food choices. However, faster decisions do not affect the consistency of food choices. Our post hoc analysis suggests that under time pressure, subjects manage to use acquired information as efficiently as in the no time pressure condition. Overall, our results indicate that exposing consumers to less, but more crucial food information, may improve the efficiency and consistency of food choices.
Comparison of contraceptive failures associated with CYP3A4-inducing drug-drug interactions by route of hormonal contraceptive in an adverse event reporting system.

Abstract Objective To estimate associations between contraceptive failures and concomitant CYP3A4-inducing medications by route of administration. Study design Comparison of unintended pregnancy outcomes within U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System by couse of CYP3A4-inducing drugs and route of administration for levonorgestrel and etonogestrel/desogestrel. Results Among 14,504 levonorgestrel case reports, the reporting odds ratio (ROR) was increased for oral (ROR = 4.2 [3.0–5.7]), implants (ROR = 8.0 [5.8–11.0]), but not intrauterine (ROR = 0.9 [0.6–1.3]) levonorgestrel products. For 9348 etonogestrel/desogestrel case reports, oral and vaginal products were not associated with contraceptive failure. Etonogestrel containing implants (ROR = 4.9 [4.1–5.9]) were associated with increased contraceptive failure. Conclusion Levonorgestrel containing combination oral products and implants containing levonorgestrel or etonogestrel were prone to CYP3A4-inducing drug-drug interactions that may increase contraceptive failures. Implications The progestin components of hormonal contraceptives are susceptible to drug-drug interactions, but this susceptibility is influenced by route of administration. This study provides evidence from an Adverse Event Reporting System that CYP3A4-inducing medications increase the risk of unintended pregnancy for oral and implant contraceptives but not intrauterine or vaginal devices.
Investigating the Impact of Brief Outings on the Welfare of Dogs Living in US Shelters

Social isolation likely contributes to reduced welfare for shelter-living dogs. Several studies have established that time out of the kennel with a person can improve dogs' behavior and reduce physiological measures of stress. This study assessed the effects of two-and-a-half-hour outings on the urinary cortisol levels and activity of dogs as they awaited adoption at four animal shelters. Dogs' urine was collected before and after outings for cortisol:creatinine analysis, and accelerometer devices were used to measure dogs' physical activity. In total, 164 dogs participated in this study, with 793 cortisol values and 3750 activity measures used in the statistical analyses. We found that dogs' cortisol:creatinine ratios were significantly higher during the afternoon of the intervention but returned to pre-field trip levels the following day. Dogs' minutes of low activity were significantly reduced, and high activity significantly increased during the outing. Although dogs' cortisol and activity returned to baseline after the intervention, our findings suggest that short-term outings do not confer the same stress reduction benefits as previously shown with temporary fostering. Nevertheless, it is possible that these types of outing programs are beneficial to adoptions by increasing the visibility of dogs and should be further investigated to elucidate these effects.
Teaching Undergraduate Robotic Courses using Enhanced VEX Robots

This paper summarizes the author's experience of teaching undergraduate robotic courses in the past ten years. The objective of the courses is to provide students with fundamental and essential knowledge in Autonomous Mobile Robots and Robotic Manipulator. Both lesson plans and projects are presented. The commercially-available VEX robotic kits, together with its extensions, are used as the robotic platform. By constructing an autonomous mobile base, students can explore topics pertaining to Autonomous Mobile Robots. By further adding a simple robotic arm on top of the mobile base, students can investigate subjects in the area of Robotic Manipulator. More advanced topics, such as vision-based control and coordinated control, were introduced to the undergraduate students as well. These advanced topics were implemented on enhanced-VEX robots. Enhancements were achieved in two aspects. Firstly, the VEX robot was integrated with Raspberry PI (plus its camera module) for onboard image processing. Secondly, the VEX robot was integrated with XBee to obtain wireless inter-vehicle communication. These added features significantly improve the functionalities of the resulting robotic system and boost students' interest in robotics.
Financial Impact of a Real Time Respiratory Therapist Auditor on Respiratory Revenue Generation

Background: Pennsylvania Respiratory Research Collaborative (PRRC) convened a sub-group to study quality metrics monitored by respiratory departments in Pennsylvania healthcare facilities. The aim was to understand quality metrics tracked by and involving respiratory care departments as the first step in developing state-wide quality benchmarks. Methods: A survey focusing on quality metrics monitored by respiratory care departments was developed and sent to supervisors, managers, and directors within the state of Pennsylvania between April 25–May 31, 2021. In collaboration with PSRC Executive Director and Board, the survey committee provided the survey link via email to the PSRC listserv consisting of respiratory care leaders. Reminder emails were sent two weeks after the initial email invite. Respondents were asked not to complete the survey more than once. The survey was anonymous and received IRB exempt approval. Results: One hundred and ten leaders received the survey with a response rate of 64.54% (71/110). Of these respondents, 88.73% participate in a quality improvement process that includes respiratory care in multidisciplinary initiatives. Centers by hospital category included academic teaching facility (38.03%), community hospital (52.11%), acute rehabilitation (5.63%), critical access hospital (1.40%), and cancer specialty (1.40%). Distribution of hospital size included 600 beds (9.86%). Most common quality measures were ventilator-associated infections, medication barcode scanning, and COPD/PNA readmissions (Table 1). Quality metrics were shared with respiratory care staff most commonly during staff meetings (Figure 1). In addition to departmental information sharing, metrics are also reported to hospital administration as departmental report outs, operations, quality, and safety committees. The following metrics were listed the most number of times to be reported state-wide among PA respiratory care departments: ventilator-associated conditions, COPD readmission rates, unplanned extubations, and ventilator LOS. Conclusions: A large number of respondents are tracking similar metrics and reporting them internally. A statewide or nationwide reporting and benchmarking system managed by respiratory care will benefit Respiratory Departments as well as illustrating value of the profession. More study is needed to identify whether these findings are consistent throughout the country.
In-vivo acoustic imaging of thermally induced changes of a single cell

In-vivo acoustic microscopy with frequency at 1.0 GHz was used for imaging a living human skin cancer cell when applying the thermal insult to it. First, for finding the heat effect of the cell, we located a chamber having the heating plate with temperature controller on the X-Y stage of the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). The cell was grown on the surface of the sapphire substrate to maximize the difference in attenuation for visualizing the cells with frequency at 1.0 GHz. We gradually increased the temperature of the culturing medium from 37.5/spl deg/C to 50/spl deg/C, and carried out in-situ observation. The phenomena indicating cellular insult and injury (e.g., shrinkage, volume change or lift-off) were clearly visualized and measured.
Principal Component Image Analysis of MODIS for Volcanic Ash. Part I: Most Important Bands and Implications for Future GOES Imagers

Abstract In Part I of this paper, the infrared bands of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are analyzed for volcanic ash signals using principal component image analysis. Target volcanoes included Popocatepetl volcano near Mexico City and Cleveland volcano in the Aleutian Islands. The analyses were performed to determine the MODIS bands that contribute the most to detecting volcanic ash. Even though the explained variance and signal-to-noise ratio of most of these new images are generally small, several of them provide views of volcanic ash with good contrast to the image background and other image features. Both day and night examples indicate that volcanic ash can be readily detected by combinations of MODIS bands to determine not only the ash extent but also qualitative variations in the concentration and height of the ash. The 36 bands on MODIS give much more flexibility for ash detection than the 4 bands on the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Im...
Industrial workers on a rotating shift pattern: adaptation and injury status.

Over 11 million Americans work some type of shift pattern. Numerous health and safety issues result when workers follow a rotating shift schedule. Over 5 million work-related injuries occur annually in the United States at a cost of almost $48 billion. Disrupted circadian rhythms and fatigue from rotating shifts have been implicated as a cause of traumatic injuries. This study revealed that factors related to circadian type, effects of the work environment, and coping styles explained over 51% of the variance in adaptation scores for this group of rotating shiftworkers. Adaptation levels were not significantly different for the injured and non-injured groups of shiftworkers. Findings of this research suggest that education on the effects of circadian rhythm disruption and more effective ways of coping may be justified. Also, additional research related to adaptation and injuries is needed. Language: en
The Distribution of Data Management Responsibility within Scientific Research Groups

Scientific data often are expensive to produce or impossible to reproduce. Those data may be of great future value for reuse, recombination, and replication by other researchers. However, the potential value of these data can only be achieved if the data producers manage them properly. Visions of data management and the role of the data producer have been constructed by data curators and funders from the top-down, but we have little understanding of what data management looks like on the ground. What do data producers see as their data management responsibilities? The exploratory research reported in this dissertation provides a rich description of data management tasks performed by members of six research groups and members' perception of data management responsibilities. Groups were selected from the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), an NSF-funded Science and Technology Research Center, where researchers are already experiencing the data deluge. Document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations were coded and analyzed for emergent themes and used to construct models of data management practices. Significant findings include: (i) these six research groups acquired a diverse array of data (ii) a generalized data life cycle can be applied to practices of these groups, (iii) researchers actively managed their data throughout the data life cycle to support their own use, and (iv) data management tasks were distributed between the members of a research group, and are tied to data handling tasks such as collection, processing, and analysis. The data management tasks performed by researchers are categorized into four core functions: selection for quality, verification for validity, storage for accessibility, and documentation for interpretability. A set of roles and responsibilities were identified for the data producers collaborating on each research project. These findings suggest that including author contribution statements in publications would assist future users of those data in determining who to contact for questions about their creation and context. This study reveals how, when, and why science and technology researchers manage their data and makes recommendations for data management within research groups that will make data more usable and sharable.