cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Can Be Done with Diaries

Reading other people's intimate papers-mostly, diaries and letters--has long been a privilege of students of history and literature. In many ways, diaries and letters are similar: both are archived intimate writings of potential historical as well as literary value. Scholars have defined private, or familiar, letters as literary writings and as forms of sociability.' Diaries seem to present more of a difficulty. Many scholars have commented on the uncertain situation of the diary. To use a recent statement, "the diary, as an uncertain genre uneasily balanced between literary and historical writing, between the spontaneity of reportage and reflectiveness of the crafted text, between selfhood and events, between subjectivity and objectivity, between the private and the public, constantly disturbs attempts to summarize its characteristics within formalized boundaries."2 (The list of dichotomies can be revised and extended.) On this basis, the diary has been both condemned to exclusion from analysis as a specific genre and privileged for its ability to reveal the tension between the opposites and to highlight marginality. Yet, over the years, scholars have read, and used, diaries as a historical testimony, a literary form, or an autobiographical document. The success of the diaries of Samuel Pepys, Marie Bashkirtseff, Anais Nin, Franz Kafka, Virginia Woolf, Mikhail Kuzmin, Witold Gombrowicz, Anne Frank, and Victor Klemperer demonstrate the never-ending fascination diaries hold for readers. In these and other capacities the diary belongs to the overlapping domains of history and literature. What is the diary as a mode of writing, or as a genre? (I use the word "genre" in the broad, Bakhtinian, sense, not limited to the belles lettres: as a complex form that shapes the representation of experience into a whole.) There is no consensus about the definition.
Edge-to-edge interfaces in Ti-Al modeled with the embedded atom method

The atomistic structure and energies of high-index interphase boundaries are explored using a combination of molecular statics and dynamics simulations with embedded atom potentials. We investigate planar boundaries between the α2 and γ phases in the Ti-Al system. The class of boundaries considered has a high-index boundary orientation; the orientation relationship between the α2 and γ phases also is high index, and a set of planes from each phase meet edge to edge at the boundary plane. For the particular case of a boundary that is commensurate in one direction and coincides with a moire plane given by the so-called “Δg” diffraction condition, the boundary is not structurally singular, but it is energetically stable and does not appear to dissociate into other low-energy configurations. Misfit compensating defects are not observed; misfit in directions other than the commensurate one appears to be distributed uniformly. The boundary energy is evaluated as a function of the orientation of the boundary plane, and the edge-to-edge (moire) boundary is found to lie in an energy cusp.
Simulation Analysis of Higher Order Laterally-Coupled Distributed Feedback Lasers

Laterally-coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) lasers use a lithographic fabrication step to define the distributed feedback grating, avoiding subsequent regrowth. Using higher order gratings can enhance the lithographic tolerance for lower resolution patterning, yielding lasers more amenable to fabrication. We show that LC-DFB lasers with higher order gratings, although requiring a higher threshold gain than those of first-order, provide a degree of longitudinal mode discrimination. Incorporating radiating partial waves, we have calculated modified coupled-mode coefficients for various duty cycles, grating orders, and grating geometries using a two-dimensional finite-element method. The modified coupled-mode equations were solved with and without a lambda/4 phase shift. The phase shift, while beneficial for first-order gratings, was found to generally diminish laser performance for lasers with higher order gratings.
IS THERE A PASTOR IN THE HOUSE ?: SANITARY REFORM, PROFESSIONALISM, AND PHILANTHROPY IN DICKENS'S MID-CENTURY FICTION

CHARLES DICKENS'S INTERESTS in legal and administrative reform are as apparent to readers as the famous depictions of Chancery and the Circumlocution Office in, respectively, Bleak House (1852–53) and Little Dorrit (1855–57). Dickens's equally profound engagement with sanitary reform is less obvious. In this essay I argue that the modern social consciousness engendered by the public health movement – including Edwin Chadwick's groundbreaking Sanitary Idea – is important to understanding Bleak House as well as underlying and more general questions of “pastoral” agency in a self-consciously liberal society.The notion of “pastorship” as the means by which a society governs its citizens, both inside and out of formal state mechanisms, is developed in Foucault's late thinking on “governmentality,” especially in “Subject,” “Governmentality,” and “Space.” Although Foucault never completed a revised model as such, these essays clearly aim to provide alternatives to the panoptical paradigm of Discipline and Punish. In my forthcoming book, Victorian Literature and the Victorian State, I argue that governmentality describes Victorian Britain's self-consciously liberal society better than does the more influential panoptical model. Nevertheless, the present discussion does not profess to offer an orthodox Foucauldian reading of any kind. Explaining these convergences takes us to the very heart of the novel's frustrated desire for order, authority, and individual purpose while, at the same time, providing a useful vantage on contemporaneous social reforms. Dickens's 1851 preface to Oliver Twist elucidates the extent to which the author had been influenced by the sanitary movement's comprehensive environmentalist logic. Sanitary reform, he insists, must “precede all other Social Reforms,” preparing for “Education” and “even for Religion” (qtd. in Butt and Tillotson 190–91). Here sanitary reform is an unquestionable priority, crucial to the moral and physical wellbeing of the nation's social body. Seemingly impervious to entrenched divides between laissez faire and interventionist politics, Dickens appears to make a strong statement on behalf of state pastorship. But it would be a mistake to infer from such remarks that Dickens had become a staunch proponent of the state's duty not only (negatively) to prevent wrong, but also (positively) to intervene in the lives of individuals and communities.
Biosynthetic studies of marine lipids 36. The origin of common sterol side chains in eleven sponges using [3-3H]-squalene.

Abstract 1. 1. [3- 3 H]-Squalene was fed to 11 marine sponges containing a mixture of “common” sterol side chains. All of these sponges possess significant quantities of cholesterol,but their ability to biosynthesize it differs widely. 2. 2. All the sponges possess significant quantities of Δ 22 sterols, yet none of them was able to introduce the Δ 22 double bond. 22-Dehydro-24-norcholesterol and 24-methyl-22-dehydro-27-norcholesterol side chains also originate from the diet. 3. 3. These sponges biosynthesized between 40 and 80% of their sterols, a typical value being 70%. The remainder is derived from the diet or by modification of dietary sterols.
A Path Analytic Model of a Theory of Quality Management Underlying the Deming Management Method: Preliminary Empirical Findings*

Despite the impact that Deming and his 14 Points have had on the practice of quality management, empirical support for the effectiveness of the Deming Management Method has not advanced beyond the presentation of anecdotal, case-study evidence. In part, this is because theory to guide the conduct of empirical research has not been available. Only recently has such a theory of quality management to describe and explain the effectiveness of the Deming Management Method been articulated in the literature. This paper continues the journey of theory development; it reports the results of an exploratory empirical analysis of an articulated theory of quality management underlying the Deming Management Method. The constructs in the proposed theory are operationalized using measurement statements developed by the World-Class Manufacturing research project team at the University of Minnesota and Iowa State University. Path analysis is applied to the World-Class Manufacturing project data to explore the empirical strength of relationships advanced in the theory. The path analytic results provide support for several of the proposed relationships in the theory, and more importantly, suggest a number of new relationships which have not heretofore been proposed.
A coarse mesh nodal method for one-dimensional spatial kinetics calculations

Abstract A nodal method for solving the one-dimensional time-dependent multigroup diffusion equation is presented. The kinetics equations are reduced to a system of first order differential equations and solution of the differential equations provides the coefficients of the flux and precursor density expansions for the given time steps. The nodal method used in reducing the kinetics equations is based upon the least squares minimization. The method is tested to determine the flux for some benchmark problems.
The effect of cordycepin on the appearance of [3H]RNA in the goldfish optic tectum following intraocular injection of [3H]uridine.

— Although biochemical and electron microscopic evidence has shown that RNA molecules may be found within axons, the origin of this RNA is not known. In order to determine if the RNA found in axons is synthesized in the nerve cell body and axonally transported, we have studied the effect of the RNA inhibitor cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) on the retinal synthesis and axonal migration of radioactive RNA. Ten μg of cordycepin was injected into the right eye of 11 fish and 3 h later [3H]uridine was injected into the same eye. Twelve control fish were injected with [3H]uridine only and all fish were sacrificed 6 days later. Results of RNA extraction of retina and tecta showed that cordycepin decreased retinal RNA synthesis by approx 24%, while inhibiting the amount of [3H]RNA appearing in the contralateral tectum by 74%. Since the transport of RNA precursors was depressed by only 50%, (significantly different from the effect on RNA, P < 0.01) it seems unlikely that the action of cordycepin in decreasing tectal [3H]RNA levels was due solely to a decrease in the availability of labeled precursors for tectal RNA synthesis. For the purpose of blocking tectal RNA synthesis, 200 μg of cordycepin was injected intracranially several days after the intraocular injection of [3H]uridine. This route of cordycepin administration failed to significantly block the appearance of [3H]RNA in the tectum, suggesting that at least some of the [3H]RNA in the tectum was synthesized before arrival in the tectum itself. To be sure that cordycepin itself was not being transported, we injected cordycepin into the right eye of fish and 5 days later, injected fish intracranially with [3H]uridine. Autoradiograms were prepared and grains were counted over the fiber layers of left (experimental) and right (control) tecta. No significant difference was observed in the number of grains of left vs right tecta indicating that cordycepin itself is not axonally transported. These experiments support earlier findings from our laboratory which suggest that RNA may be axonally transported in goldfish optic fibers.
Representations of India, the English East India Company, and Self by an Eighteenth-Century Indian Emigrant to Britain

By writing about the late eighteenth-century revolution which led to the East India Company rule, members of a largely Muslim pre-colonial administrative elite in eastern India sought take control over their own history. They explained the society and ancien regime of India, as well as themselves, to the new British rulers for whom they worked. In so doing, they strove to inform and guide the new British colonial authorities into employing them in the new administration as well as into valuing the cultural mores and bureaucratic experience which they embodied. They also wrote introspectively for the own class, trying to understand the causes of the revolution that had displaced their own traditional rulers and themselves with rule by Europeans and administrations staffed increasingly by Indians with backgrounds different from their own.
The Effect of Dyeing on the Sorption of Water Vapour by Wool

The reduction in the sorptive capacity of wool for water vapour due to acid treatment or dyeing of the wool is discussed and previous results are reviewed. Preliminary experiments carried out with a view to showing a relation between the reduction in the amount of water sorbed and the amount of dye in the wool are reported. The results of these experiments point to an equivalence between the dye in the wool and the reduction in regain of the dyed wool as compared with undyed wool.
Aromatic poly(pyridinium salt)s : synthesis and structure of organo-soluble, rigid-rod poly(pyridinium tetrafluoroborate)s

Abstract A series of phenylated, aromatic poly(pyridinium tetrafluoroborate)s has been prepared by the polymerization of 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2,6-diphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate) with aromatic diamines in a dimethylsulfoxide/toluene mixture at 145–150°C. The water generated by the transformation of the pyrylium rings to pyridinium rings was distilled from the reaction mixture as a water/toluene azeotrope. All- para -catenated, rigid-rod polymers with inherent viscosities as high as 4.9 dl g −1 were obtained that were soluble in polar aprotic solvents. The polymers could be solution cast into tough, flexible films. Although the glass transition temperatures of the poly(pyridinium salt)s were difficult to detect with differential scanning calorimetry, they displayed distinctive melting endotherms with minima above 380°C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the polymers began to decompose near 360°C prior to melting. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the chains were packed in a structure similar to that of a smectic liquid crystalline glass.
Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 belongs to the short chain dehydrogenase family: stereochemical and kinetic evidence

Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) is a novel broad spectrum enzyme of pterin and folate metabolism in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Overexpression of PTR1 confers methotrexate resistance to these protozoa, arising from the enzyme's ability to reduce dihydrofolate and its relative insensitivity to methotrexate. The kinetic mechanism and stereochemical course for the catalyzed reaction confirm PTR1's membership within the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family. With folate as a substrate, PTR1 catalyzes two rounds of reduction, yielding 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and oxidizing 2 equiv of NADPH. Dihydrofolate accumulates transiently during folate reduction and is both a substrate and an inhibitor of PTR1. PTR1 transfers the pro-S hydride of NADPH to carbon 6 on the si face of dihydrofolate, producing the same stereoisomer of THF as does dihydrofolate reductase. Product inhibition and isotope partitioning studies support an ordered ternary complex mechanism, with NADPH binding first and NADP + dissociating after the reduced pteridine. Identical kinetic mechanisms and NAD(P)H hydride chirality preferences are seen with other SDRs. An observed tritium effect upon V/K for reduction of dihydrofolate arising from isotopic substitution of the transferred hydride was suppressed at a high concentration of dihydrofolate, consistent with a steady-state ordered kinetic mechanism. Interestingly, half of the binary enzyme - NADPH complex appears to be incapable of rapid turnover. Fluorescence quenching results also indicate the existence of a nonproductive binary enzyme-dihydrofolate complex. The nonproductive complexes observed between PTR1 and its substrates are unique among members of the SDR family and may provide leads for developing antileishmanial therapeutics.
Infrared microstrip dipole antennas—FDTD predictions versus experiment

We report on the successful use of niobium microbolometers coupled to microstrip dipole antennas for the detection of midinfrared radiation. Measurements of the detector response versus antenna length performed at the 10.6 μm wavelength allowed us to identify the first three current-wave resonances along the antenna arms. The detector response was also measured as a function of the radiation wavelength in the 9–11 μm spectral domain. Excellent agreement between the experimental results and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) predictions was obtained. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 381–383, 2001.
Online response time optimization of Apache web server

Properly optimizing the setting of configuration parameters can greatly improve performance, especially in the presence of changing workloads. This paper explores approaches to online optimization of the Apache web server, focusing on the MaxClients parameter (which controls the maximum number of workers). Using both empirical and analytic techniques, we show that MaxClients has a concave upward effect on response time and hence hill climbing techniques can be used to find the optimal value of MaxClients. We investigate two optimizers that employ hill climbing--one based on Newton's Method and the second based on fuzzy control. A third technique is a heuristic that exploits relationships between bottleneck utilizations and response time minimization. In all cases, online optimization reduces response times by a factor of 10 or more compared to using a static, default value. The trade-offs between the online schemes are as follows. Newton's method is well known but does not produce consistent results for highly variable data such as response times. Fuzzy control is more robust, but converges slowly. The heuristic works well in our prototype system, but it may be difficult to generalize because it requires knowledge of bottleneck resources and an ability to measure their utilizations.
Deep White Matter Pathologic Features in Watershed Regions: A Novel Pattern of Central Nervous System Involvement in MELAS

Background:Myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome typically manifests in adults younger than 40 years with encephalopathy, stroke-like episodes, and lactic acidosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities typically involve the cortical gray and the adjacent subcortical white matter. Objective: To describe a 58-year-old woman diagnosedwithMELASwhowasinitiallyseenwithacutemyopathy, cardiac ischemia, psychosis, and MRI changes in a watershed distribution. Results: Initial MRI of the brain showed the characteristic parieto-occipital gray matter lesions involving the adjacent white matter. Follow-up MRI revealed striking deep white matter involvement in a watershed distribution. A cerebral angiogram and thorough hypercoagulable workup results were normal. Electromyography showed acute denervation and myopathy. A muscle biopsyspecimenrevealedraggedredandcytochrome-coxidase–negative fibers. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed an A3243G mutation. Conclusions: Myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis,andstroke-likeepisodesshouldbeconsideredinolder patients with myopathy, cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy, and unaccountable MRI findings. Watershed pathologic features are a rare pattern of cerebral involvement in MELAS.
A new built-in self-test method based on prestored testing

Built-in-self-test (BIST) schemes provide on-chip circuitry to generate test vectors and to analyze output responses so that testing can be performed without using expensive external testers. The authors present a unified approach to test pattern generation and output compaction. ISCAS benchmark circuits are used to show the applicability of the proposed method. >
An Immigrant with a Painful Swelling in His Back

A 20-year-old man presented to the hospital with a 2-week history of mildly painful swelling in his right lower back. The pain was described as a dull aching that was nonradiating, continuous, relieved on rest, and aggravated by exertion. During the month before presentation, the patient had experienced malaise and weakness with an unintentional weight loss of 4.5 kg. He denied fever or loss of appetite. He had migrated from Mexico 7 years earlier and, since that time, had stayed in the United States continuously. There were no sick contacts, and his siblings who remained in Mexico were reported to be in
A fast recursive least squares adaptive second order Volterra filter and its performance analysis

A fast, recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive nonlinear filter modeled using a second-order Volterra series expansion is presented. The structure uses the ideas of fast RLS multichannel filters, and has a computational complexity of O(N/sup 3/) multiplications, where N-1 represents the memory span in number of samples of the nonlinear system model. A theoretical performance analysis of its steady-state behaviour in both stationary and nonstationary environments is presented. The analysis shows that, when the input is zero mean and Gaussian distributed, and the adaptive filter is operating in a stationary environment, the steady-state excess mean-squared error due to the coefficient noise vector is independent of the statistics of the input signal. The results of several simulation experiments show that the filter performs well in a variety of situations. The steady-state behaviour predicted by the analysis is in very good agreement with the experimental results. >
Contexts, Funding History, and Implications for Evaluating the Office of Special Education Program’s Investment in Personnel Preparation

In this article, the authors explore contexts that have shaped the federal program for personnel preparation in special education. A brief review is provided of the historical, political, and policy considerations that influenced the directions, implementation, and impacts of the federal personnel preparation program funding at particular points in time. Issues and questions are posed for those who seek to understand the impact of the program, and recommendations are provided for how answers to those questions might be used to improve the program and enhance its impact.
Improving customer-focused marketing capabilities and firm financial performance via marketing exploration and exploitation

Evidence within the marketing literature has shown that marketing capabilities are important drivers of firm performance. However, very little is known about how firms improve their marketing capabilities via the embedding of new market knowledge. Organizational learning theory provides us with a theoretical lens through which we can examine how existing customer-focused marketing capabilities may be improved and new customer-focused marketing capabilities may be created via marketing exploitation and exploration capabilities. In addition, this study investigates whether ambidexterity in marketing exploration and exploitation exists and finds that firms cannot do both at high levels without risking a negative impact on customer-focused marketing capabilities. This study also presents findings demonstrating how improving the two customer-focused marketing capabilities in our study, brand management and customer relationship management, impacts objective financial performance.
The association between depression and anxiety and use of oral health services and tooth loss.

Okoro CA, Strine TW, Eke PI, Dhingra SS, Balluz LS. The association between depression and anxiety and use of oral health services and tooth loss. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 134–144. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the associations among depression, anxiety, use of oral health services, and tooth loss. Methods: Data were analysed for 80 486 noninstitutionalized adults in 16 states who participated in the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to estimate predicted marginals, adjusted prevalence ratios, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The unadjusted prevalence for use of oral health services in the past year was 73.1% [standard error (SE), 0.3%]. The unadjusted prevalence by level of tooth loss was 56.1% (SE, 0.4%) for no tooth loss, 29.6% (SE, 0.3%) for 1–5 missing teeth, 9.7% (SE, 0.2%) for 6–31 missing teeth and 4.6% (SE, 0.1%) for total tooth loss. Adults with current depression had a significantly higher prevalence of nonuse of oral health services in the past year than those without this disorder (P < 0.001), after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, employment status, adverse health behaviours, chronic conditions, body mass index, assistive technology use and perceived social support. In logistic regression analyses employing tooth loss as a dichotomous outcome (0 versus ≥1) and as a nominal outcome (0 versus 1–5, 6–31, or all), adults with depression and anxiety were more likely to have tooth loss. Adults with current depression, lifetime diagnosed depression and lifetime diagnosed anxiety were significantly more likely to have had at least one tooth removed than those without each of these disorders (P < 0.001 for all), after fully adjusting for evaluated confounders (including use of oral health services). The adjusted odds of being in the 1–5 teeth removed, 6–31 teeth removed, or all teeth removed categories versus 0 teeth removed category were increased for adults with current depression versus those without (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.14–1.59; AOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.51–2.22; and AOR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.11–1.86, respectively). The adjusted odds of being in the 1–5 teeth removed and 6–31 teeth removed categories versus 0 teeth removed category were also increased for adults with lifetime diagnosed depression or anxiety versus those without each of these disorders. Conclusions: Use of oral health services and tooth loss was associated with depression and anxiety after controlling for multiple confounders.
Bugs & us: the role of the gut in autoimmunity.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease and requires interaction between genetic and environmental factors for predisposition. The presence of bacterial DNA of the gut residing commensals in synovium as well as dysbiosis of certain commensal bacteria in faecal samples of RA patients as compared to controls suggest a significant role of the gut flora in pathogenesis of RA. The gut commensals are involved in host immune development and function suggesting they might be critical epigenetic factors modifying autoimmune diseases like RA. This raises the question if gut-derived commensal can be exploited to generate a biomarker profile along with genetic factors to define individuals at risk. Genomic wide association studies have confirmed the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes as the strongest risk factor for predisposition to RA. HLA-DQ8 and DRB1*0401 molecules predispose to develop arthritis while DRB1*0402 provides protection. Interaction between host genetic factors like major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and gut microbiota and its impact on the development of RA is difficult to study in humans due to high variability in the genetic factors and diet. Animal models provide a means to study the molecular basis of pathogenesis thereby providing a basis for developing therapeutic strategies. Using transgenic mice expressing RA-associated and resistant HLA genes, we have developed a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model that shares similarities with human disease in sex-bias, autoantibody profile and phenotype. Studies in transgenic mice suggest that arthritis-susceptibility may be associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. Studies in animal models underscore the impact of the gut flora in extra-intestinal diseases. Exploring the role of gut microbes will significantly advance our understanding of RA pathogenesis and may further help develop strategies for mucosal modulation of RA.
Global Transcriptional Effects of a Suppressor tRNA and the Inactivation of the Regulator frmR

Expression of an amber suppressor tRNA should result in read-through of the 326 open reading frames (ORFs) that terminate with amber stop codons in the Escherichia coli genome, including six pseudogenes. Abnormal extension of an ORF might alter the activities of the protein and have effects on cellular physiology, while suppression of a pseudogene could lead to a gain of function. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to determine if any effects were apparent at the level of transcription in glucose minimal medium. Surprisingly, only eight genes had significantly different expression in the presence of the suppressor. Among these were the genes yaiN, adhC, and yaiM, forming a single putative operon whose likely function is the degradation of formaldehyde. Expression of wild-type yaiN was shown to result in repression of the operon, while a suppression-mimicking allele lacking the amber stop codon and extended 7 amino acids did not. The operon was shown to be induced by formaldehyde, and the genes have been renamed frmR, frmA, and frmB, respectively.
Dissociation of the Lowering Effect of Calcitonin on Plasma Ca and P in Cortisone-Treated Nephrectomized Rats1

In cortisone-treated rats there is an inhibition of the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin (CT) with conservation of the hypophosphatemic effect of the hormone. It has been suggested that cortisone may interfere with the action of CT on bone but not on the kidney (Thompson, J. S., G. M. A. Palmieri, L. P. Eliel, and G. A. Cutler, Endocrinology 83: 470, 1968). The role of the kidney on the effects of CT on plasma Ca and P concentrations was studied in cortisone-treated and control rats after bilateral nephrectomy. In cortisone- treated rats there was an inhibition of the hypocalcemic effect of CT. Despite a reduced plasma P concentration in cortisone-treated nephrectomized rats, CT provoked a marked hypophosphatemia. It is concluded that the dissociation of the effects of calcitonin on plasma Ca and P incortisone-treated rats is independent of the kidney. These results suggest an effect of CT on P metabolism which is not related to its actions on bone and kidney. (Endocrinology 94: 799, 1974)
Changes in Relative Species Compositions of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and an Outbreak of Oropouche Virus in Iquitos, Peru

Species compositions of Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the major vector of Oropouche virus to humans in Central and South American urban cycles, and Culicoides insinuatus Ortiz & Leon differed along a northeast-to-southwest transect across Iquitos, Department of Loreto, Peru. The relative distributions of the species were consistent with patterns of human outbreaks along the Amazon River. We resumed collection of biting midges between May 2000 and January 2004 at three sites previously sampled (1996–1997) to determine whether the known vector was expanding its range relative to the earlier survey. C. paraensis did not replace C. insinuatus across the region surveyed. Instead, C. insinuatus dominated the more southern sites and significantly increased its relative proportion at all three sites. Apparently, microhabitat differences and not range expansion by C. paraensis were responsible for differences in species compositions across the sample sites.
Urologic-Induced Complications of Prophylactic Ureteral Localization Stent Placement for Colorectal Surgery Cases.

Abstract Purpose: A prophylactic ureteral localization stent (PULSe) placed by urologists aids in intraoperative localization and detection of suspected ureteral injury during complex colorectal surgery (CRS) cases. We evaluated the incidence and management of urologic-induced complications secondary to PULSe placement during CRS cases at a single center. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent cystoscopy and PULSe placement at the time of CRS over a 12-month period. Bilateral 5 French ×70-cm TigerTail® (Bard Medical Division, Covington, GA) PULSe devices were placed without assistance of routine fluoroscopy. Results: Ninety-nine patients (mean age, 58.1 years; range, 17–88 years) underwent bilateral PULSe placement, with a male:female ratio of 44:55 and a mean body mass index of 26.8 (17.0–38.6) kg/m2. Mean pre- and postprocedural creatinine levels were 0.91 and 1.01 mg/dL, respectively. Twenty-two of 99 (22%) cases utilized a guidewire to aid in placement...
New constraints on neutrino masses from cosmology

Abstract We raise the lower bounds on both heavy unstable and stable meutrino masses, exploiting both the phenomena of neutrino mass mixing and possible Majorana mass terms. Stable heavy neutrinos with Majorana masses (the generic case) have an annihilation rate with is p-wave suppressed. Thus in order to have sufficient cosmic annihilation we find the previous lower bound of m ⩾ 2 GeV must be raised to m ν ≳ 5 GeV assuming estimates of the present mass density remain unchanged. Unstable neutrinos are constrained by incorporating both new data on mass mixing from experiment and the annihilation suppression described above with standard nucleosynthesis cosmology. In this case we find m ⩾ 23 MeV, increasing the former bound by more than an order of magnitude.
MADMAN machine

A back-end data base machine is discussed in which the back-end is closely coupled to the host system as an intelligent I/O device. The design of the hardware and software is such that the data base disks can be on either the host or back-end computers. The design is motivated by memory size considerations on mini-computer systems and also by cost considerations of large disks. The implementations of such a system on PDP-11s is discussed.
Study of the effect of the spiral geometry on wheel/rail contact forces

Spiral sections are used in the construction of railroad tracks in order to achieve a smooth change in the curvature. In order to satisfy the kinematic conditions at the position, velocity, and acceleration levels in railroad vehicle dynamics computational algorithms based on the constraint contact formulations; third-order derivatives of the wheel/rail contact constraint functions with respect to the wheel and rail geometric surface parameters must be evaluated. Discontinuities in these higher derivatives can produce jumps in the wheel/rail contact forces at the spiral entries and exits. This paper develops a simple procedure that can be applied online to ensure that the curvature and its derivative of the rail space curve are continuous at the spiral entries and exits. Because continuity of the space curve geometric variables does not ensure continuity of these variables on the rail surface, the effect of the proposed procedure on the contact forces is examined. The constraint and elastic wheel/rail con...
Vibrational spectra of B2O3−GeO2−SiO2 glasses

Etude des spectres IR et Raman des verres ternaires B 2 O 3 −GeO 2 −SiO 2 a temperature ambiante, afin de determiner si des changements structuraux peuvent etre identifies avec des changements de composition
A Tentative Analysis of Secretarial Work in College Teaching Management

A teaching secretary is mainly responsible for the basic teaching affairs,and plays an important role in the teaching management.To give full play the role of secretary,the teaching secretary should pay more attention to the practice,the innovation,learning and studying personally.It is necessary to maintain a state of mind,to carry forward two kinds of spirits,and to strengthen three sorts of consciousness.
Health promotion in a shrinking military : the call for structural integration and a conceptual systems approach

The evolution of health promotion in the military is reviewed and contrasted with developments in private sector activities. Programs in both arenas generally take a mechanistic, mortality and risk factor-based approach which targets lifestyle and behavioral change. In the military, that has resulted in a fragmentation of function and perception in the line and medical communities about health promotion. A "world view" model and a conceptual systems approach to health promotion are presented in which human resources, occupational health, life-style, and health benefits programs are integrated to achieve efficiencies in program management, decreased mortality, and reduced medical care costs.
Birleşik Devletler’de travma ve acil cerrrahinin durumu

Acute Care Surgery (ACS) is an evolving specialty. The components, as defined by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma are trauma, surgical critical care and emergency surgery. As documented by the recent reports from the Institute of Medicine, the shortage of surgical specialists who make themselves available for emergency care in the United States, the overcrowding of emergency departments and lack of surge capacity are reaching crisis conditions. The Institute of Medicine has recommended the development of regional centers of surgical specialists, analogous to trauma systems. The training of surgeons in ACS will address the manpower issue to some degree.
Mitochondria Biogenesis and Bioenergetics Gene Profiles in Isogenic Prostate Cells with Different Malignant Phenotypes

Background. The most significant hallmarks of cancer are directly or indirectly linked to deregulated mitochondria. In this study, we sought to profile mitochondria associated genes in isogenic prostate cell lines with different tumorigenic phenotypes from the same patient. Results. Two isogenic human prostate cell lines RC77N/E (nonmalignant cells) and RC77T/E (malignant cells) were profiled for expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism genes by qRT-PCR using the Human Mitochondria and the Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism RT2 PCR arrays. Forty-seven genes were differentially regulated between the two cell lines. The interaction and regulatory networks of these genes were generated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. UCP2 was the most significantly upregulated gene in primary adenocarcinoma cells in the current study. The overexpression of UCP2 upon malignant transformation was further validated using human prostatectomy clinical specimens. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the overexpression of multiple genes that are involved in mitochondria biogenesis, bioenergetics, and modulation of apoptosis. These genes may play a role in malignant transformation and disease progression. The upregulation of some of these genes in clinical samples indicates that some of the differentially transcribed genes could be the potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Borel Sets, Random Variables, and Borel Functions

In Chapter 3, we note that the class of events is assumed to be a sigma algebra of subsets of the basic space Ω. In Appendix 2a, we characterize a sigma algebra of events as a class closed under complements and countable unions, and show that these conditions imply closure under countable intersections. Also, we introduce the notion of a sigma algebra generated by a class as the smallest sigma algebra that contains that class.
Method assumptions in object-oriented programming

The paper discusses a programming assignment in a junior-level Programming Languages course whose main effect was to clarify the importance of explicitly stating method assumptions in object-oriented programming. We argue further that where the cost of checking a method assumption is small, it should be the responsibility of the supplier class, rather than the client class, to enforce the assumption, quietly if possible. The student assignment which clarified this issue is presented and discussed.
Evidence-Based Treatment for Clubfoot

The management of clubfoot has been the subject of active research interest for some time and there is a large body of evidence supporting its treatment strategy. The spectrum of evidence includes randomised controlled trials (RCT), long term prospective follow up as well as systematic reviews including a recent Cochrane review. The actual quality of evidence does vary and there are no real level I studies. Besides, evidence was not always available for the most pertinent clinical questions. However, most published evidence consistently supported the superiority of the Ponseti technique for treating idiopathic clubfoot. Evidence was less clear for management of the complex idiopathic type or the non-idiopathic type clubfoot. Since the publication of results from Ponseti’s team this technique has been adopted widely and results published from numerous centres from as far afield as Brazil to Bangladesh. On the basis of available publications it is estimated that the Ponseti technique is in use in at least 113 countries around the world Shabtai et al. (World J Orthop 5:585–590, 2014). The basic principle of the Ponseti technique is well established although minor variations have been attempted by different researchers. In the ensuing paragraphs we have reviewed the evidence base for management of clubfoot recommendations.
Mechanistic Insights into Ubc13-Catalyzed Ubiquitination

Ubc13 is an E2 enzyme that catalyzes lysine ubiquitination, a type of protein post-translation modification. Ubiquitinating a protein can signal for its degradation and affect its activity. Ubiquitination also plays a role in DNA repair and inflammatory response. Defects in this process are linked to different disorders including cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The accepted mechanism for Ubc13-catalyzed ubiquitination is a stepwise pathway that proceeds through an oxyanion intermediate. This intermediate is hypothesized to be stabilized by a nearby asparagine residue, which is known as the “oxyanion hole.” However, recent experimental results on mutated Ubc13 have suggested an alternate role for the asparagine. In our study, we use a combination of simulation techniques on the wild-type and mutated Ubc13 to examine its catalytic mechanism. Our calculations indicate that several different intermediates are possible, that water may stabilize the intermediate, and that the asparagine serves to stabilize a random coil near the active site.
The rise and the fall of the Turkish economic success story under AKP (JDP)

Turkey presents a prime example of a country where economic crises/successes develop simultaneously with political and social crises/successes. The current governing political party, Justice and Development Party (JDP) had its share of a period with progress in political and social inclusiveness and reforms, and the economic and political successes that come with it. Although it lost its ability to rule alone temporarily as a result of June 2015 elections, subsequently it regained power with unprecedented proportions in the history of the Republic of Turkey. Unfortunately - and very much similarly to its predecessors in the Turkish political history- JDP has lately been showing signs of authoritarianism and exclusiveness domestically, as well as isolationism internationally. These factors are leading to the end of its political life as they bring the era of economic growth and prosperity to an end with them. This paper is trying to establish links with political/social and economic success in the context of Turkish politics and management of the Turkish economy, as well as to observe and to document those links within the experience of JDP.
Bioinformatic prediction of G protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the transcriptome of the foreleg, including the Haller's organ, of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus australis.

The cattle tick of Australia, Rhipicephalus australis, is a vector for microbial parasites that cause serious bovine diseases. The Haller’s organ, located in the tick’s forelegs, is crucial for host detection and mating. To facilitate the development of new technologies for better control of this agricultural pest, we aimed to sequence and annotate the transcriptome of the R. australis forelegs and associated tissues, including the Haller's organ. As G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of eukaryotic proteins studied as pharmaceutical targets in humans, we prioritized the identification and classification of the GPCRs expressed in the foreleg tissues. The two forelegs from adult R. australis were excised, RNA extracted, and pyrosequenced with 454 technology. Reads were assembled into unigenes and annotated by sequence similarity. Python scripts were written to find open reading frames (ORFs) from each unigene. These ORFs were analyzed by different GPCR prediction approaches based on sequence alignments, support vector machines, hidden Markov models, and principal component analysis. GPCRs consistently predicted by multiple methods were further studied by phylogenetic analysis and 3D homology modeling. From 4,782 assembled unigenes, 40,907 possible ORFs were predicted. Using Blastp, Pfam, GPCRpred, TMHMM, and PCA-GPCR, a basic set of 46 GPCR candidates were compiled and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. With further screening of tertiary structures predicted by RaptorX, 6 likely GPCRs emerged and the strongest candidate was classified by PCA-GPCR to be a GABAB receptor.
Copyright Survives: Rethinking the Copyright-Contract Conflict

Twenty one years ago, copyright died. More accurately, it was killed. In 1996, in ProCD v. Zeidenberg, Judge Easterbrook, writing for the Seventh Circuit, held that a contract that restricted the use of factual information was not preempted by the Copyright Act and therefore enforceable. The reaction among copyright scholars was swift and passionate. In dozens of articles and books, spreading over two decades, scholars cautioned that if the ProCD approach is broadly adopted, the results would be dire. Through contracts, the rights of copyright owners would run amok, expand, and in doing so they would invade, shrink, and possibly destroy the public domain. Contracts, we were repeatedly warned throughout the years, would kill copyright law. This Article challenges this scholarly consensus by studying the court opinions that have dealt with the copyright-contract conflict over the past four decades. This examination reveals surprising facts: notwithstanding the scholars’ warnings, ProCD’s approach won the day and was embraced by most federal circuit courts. The doomsday scenarios scholars warned against, however, did not materialize. The overall effect of contracts on the size and scope of the public domain, or over copyright law as a whole, seems minimal. The Article explains this discrepancy and shows that contracts are an ineffective tool to control information because they are too weak of a device to threaten or replace copyright law. Indeed, to paraphrase Mark Twain, the reports of the death of copyright were greatly exaggerated. The Article concludes by placing this analysis in context, as part of a broader ongoing discussion on the desirability and enforceability of standard-form agreements.
Implementations of Coherent Software-Defined Dual-Polarized Radars

Software-defined radio (SDR) platforms represent a compelling solution for low-cost, flexible, dual-polarized radar systems. However, the phase coherency requirements of a dual-polarized radar system between the transmit ports and between the receive ports as well as between transmission and reception, are difficult to attain in popular SDRs. In this paper, we provide high-level overviews of SDR radar systems, dual-polarization radars, and system phase calibration procedures found in literature. The method adopted to achieve coherency involves a manual calibration procedure, which is applied to four dual-polarized radar system configurations designed around commercial off-the-shelf SDR platforms. The implemented, calibrated designs were exercised in a laboratory setting to determine the coherence performance of the SDR-based radar architectures in characterizing a fixed target’s full-polarization scattering matrix.