cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood flow dynamics after photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in the RIF-1 tumor.

Abstract Chen, B., Pogue, B. W., Goodwin, I. A., O'Hara, J. A., Wilmot, C. M., Hutchins, J. E., Hoopes, P. J. and Hasan, T. Blood Flow Dynamics after Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin in the RIF-1 Tumor. Radiat. Res. 160, 452–459 (2003). In the present study, the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin on tumor blood flow and tumor regrowth were compared as verteporfin distributed in different compartments within the RIF-1 tumor. Tissue distribution of verteporfin was examined by fluorescence microscopy, and blood flow measurements were taken with a laser Doppler system. It was found that, at 15 min after drug administration, when verteporfin was mainly confined within the vasculature, PDT induced a complete arrest of blood flow by 6 h after treatment. PDT treatment at a longer drug–light interval (3 h), which allowed the drug to diffuse to the tumor interstitium, caused significantly less flow decrease, only to 50% of the initial flow in 6 h. A histological study and Hoechst 33342 stai...
Methodology for Conceptual Sizing of Green Airships

This study aims to develop a methodology for conceptual sizing of rigid, semi-rigid and nonrigid airships. The focus is to optimize the airship design with respect to the emissions, noise and fuel consumption, by defining a “green coefficient”, using Skyship 600B as the baseline. The methodology estimates envelope volume, system weight breakdown and Aerodynamic coefficients of an airship that meets certain user specified operational requirements and operational constraints. Various propulsion system and energy storing methods for the airship were investigated for their “green” credentials, which include hydrogen fuel cells, diesel fuels, bio-diesel engines, solar cells and electric motor/propeller combinations. The hybrid-petrol propulsion system, with electric motor powered by batteries charged by flexible solar cells installed on top of the airship‘s envelope emerged as the best choice. The methodology was applied to size a green non-rigid airship to meet the most critical requirements of the proposed World Sky Race. The green airship was seen to 67% lower fuel consumption, 57.3% lower NOx and CO2 emission compared to the baseline airship, which resulted in a 61.3% lower green coefficient. It is hoped that this exercise will spur the development of a “green” airship, leading eventually to a zero emission one.
Physician Response to Parental Requests to Spread Out the Recommended Vaccine Schedule

OBJECTIVES: To assess among US physicians (1) frequency of requests to spread out recommended vaccination schedule for children METHODS: An e-mail and mail survey of a nationally representative sample of pediatricians and family physicians from June 2012 through October 2012. RESULTS: The response rate was 66% (534 of 815). In a typical month, 93% reported some parents of children CONCLUSIONS: Virtually all providers encounter requests to spread out vaccines in a typical month and, despite concerns, most are agreeing to do so. Providers are using many strategies in response but think few are effective. Evidence-based interventions to increase timely immunization are needed to guide primary care and public health practice.
Improving Drive-Thru Access to Roadside Infrastructure by Lightweight Relay

In this paper we propose a relay-based solution to extend the service range of roadside APs. When a vehicle moves towards the AP, its signal quality to the AP may be poor. At this time, it uses a relay vehicle ahead of it which has good signal quality, to relay the data. When the vehicle is moving away from the AP, it uses a relay node behind it to set up a backward relay path to keep the connection. Different from existing relay based work (Zhu, 2005), our solution can deal with high vehicle mobility, and let drive-thru vehicles maintain high throughput in the extended AP coverage area.
Covariate-adjusted dependence estimation on a finite bivariate failure time region

Recently Fan and colleagues have proposed two measures of the strength of dependency between failure time variates over a finite region of the sample space; namely, an average relative risk measure and a finite region version of Kendall's tau. Here, these dependency measures are generalized to accommodate regres- sion effects on marginal hazard functions. Specifically, the dependency measures previously proposed are applied to possibly censored, estimated cumulative hazard variates, calculated under Cox model marginal hazard function models. The result- ing dependency estimators use a nonparametric estimator of the bivariate survivor function and are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed, with consistent bootstrap variance estimators, for certain classes of covariates. The small sample properties of the estimators, and their variance estimators, are ex- amined in simulation studies and the estimators are compared to corresponding homogeneous dependency estimators that do not condition on covariates.
Anti-CD180 (RP105) Activates B Cells To Rapidly Produce Polyclonal Ig via a T Cell and MyD88-Independent Pathway

CD180 is homologous to TLR4 and regulates TLR4 signaling, yet its function is unclear. We report that injection of anti-CD180 mAb into mice induced rapid Ig production of all classes and subclasses, with the exception of IgA and IgG2b, with up to 50-fold increases in serum IgG1 and IgG3. IgG production after anti-CD180 injection was not due to reactivation of memory B cells and was retained in T cell-deficient (TCR knockout [KO]), CD40 KO, IL-4 KO, and MyD88 KO mice. Anti-CD180 rapidly increased both transitional and mature B cells, with especially robust increases in transitional B cell number, marginal zone B cell proliferation, and CD86, but not CD80, expression. In contrast, anti-CD40 induced primarily follicular B cell and myeloid expansion, with increases in expression of CD80 and CD95 but not CD86. The expansion of splenic B cells was due, in part, to proliferation and occurred in wild-type and TCR KO mice, whereas T cell expansion occurred in wild-type, but not in B cell-deficient, mice, indicating a direct role for B cells in CD180 stimulation in vivo. Combination of anti-CD180 with various MyD88-dependent TLR ligands biased B cell fate because coinjection diminished Ig production, but purified B cells exhibited synergistic proliferation. Anti-CD180 had no effect on cytokine production from B cells, but it increased IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α production in combination with LPS or CpG. Thus, CD180 stimulation induces intrinsic B cell proliferation and differentiation, causing rapid increases in IgG, and integrates MyD88-dependent TLR signals to regulate proliferation, cytokine production, and differentiation.
Remission of Mild to Moderate Hypertension After Treatment With Carteolol, a ß-Adrenoceptor Blocker With Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity

• Previous studies have indicated that some hypertensive patients, following a period of effective treatment with certain antihypertensive drugs, may experience prolonged normotension after drug withdrawal. We have studied the ability of carteolol, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, to produce such remissions of hypertension. Thirty-four patients whose diastolic blood pressure was controlled at 90 mm Hg or less with carteolol monotherapy (2.5 to 5.0 mg/d for an average of 328 days) were randomized to a nine-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled drug-withdrawal trial. Those patients randomized to continue carteolol therapy had initially responded to carteolol treatment with reductions in blood pressure from 151±4/99±2 to 132±4/80±2 mm Hg. Those randomized to treatment with placebo had initially responded with blood pressure reductions from 154±4/97±2 to 137±4/81±2 mm Hg. Changes in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg±SEM) from baseline during carteolol therapy to the final visit at nine months were not different for patients receiving placebo (13±5/6±4 mm Hg, recumbent; 11±6/4±4 mm Hg, standing) or carteolol (11±5/7±3 mm Hg, recumbent; 12±6/7±3 mm Hg, standing). The final mean recumbent diastolic blood pressure (86.9 mm Hg) was the same in both groups. Prolonged normotension may follow a period of carteolol treatment, again suggesting the potential importance of periodic withdrawal of antihypertensive medication. (Arch Intern Med1988;148:1725-1728)
Aerodynamic and Structural Design of a Small Nonplanar Wing UAV

The overall air vehicle performance of a multipl e lifting surface configuration has been studied with respect to both structural and aerodynamic considerations for a candidate mission similar to that of the AeroVironment Raven . The configuration studied is a biplane joined at the tips with endplates. M ore specifically , this study aims to determine if this particular nonplanar wing concept can meet the requirements of the mission for a small Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition UAV. The mission capabilities of small UAVs are constantly gro wing by implementing recent developments in miniature computers and peripherals, electronic sensors, and optical sensing equipment at affordable cost. The requirements for the mission profile of a small UAV using the aforementioned equipment are defined w ith an emphasis on the potential advantages that can be offered by the nonplanar concept wing under investigation. A structural analysis using the finite element software ADINA and an aerodynamic analysis based on wind tunnel experimental data and vortex p anel code results are performed. The results, compared under varying assumptions specific to an equivalent monoplane and a biplane, suggest potential efficiency gains for the new configuration may be possible using the nonplanar wing configuration under ex plicit conditions . The results also show structural characteristics and not aerodynamics alone are critical in determining the utility of this nonplanar concept.
Morphological observations on the normal human cardiac glands

The majority of human cardiac glands that lie immediately distal to the termination of esophageal epithelium are compound or branched tubular glands. They empty into overlying gastric pits. The glands of this region are often organized into lobule-like complexes by the surrounding connective tissue of the lamina propria. The secretory tubules contain mucous cells, parietal cells and endocrine cells. The mucous cell is the most common cell type observed and appears to comprise two populations. The majority are pyramidal in shape and show numerous spherical, electron-dense secretory granules. Profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum are observed scattered throughout the cytoplasm and Golgi complexes occupy a supranuclear position in relation to forming secretory granules. Morphologically this cell type appears similar to the mucous neck cell of the fundus. Secretory granules of a second mucous cell type are mottled in appearance and show an area of increased electron density near the limiting membrane. Parietal cells are observed and appear identical to those in the fundus. The large number of endocrine cells present raises questions concerning the traditional concept of the function of these particular glands.
Substituted Tertiary Amine Plant Bioregulators Affect Yield and Pigment Content of Paprika

Research, over the last two decades indicated that a class of plant bioregulators known collectively as substituted tertiary amines (STA) has the potential to increase crop productivity by increasing root growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and overall plant vigor. Although several in vitro and greenhouse studies have been conducted with these materials, few have investigated the efficacy of STA application in commercial production systems. This study was initiated to determine whether STA application on commercially grown paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) would increase yield and pigment content. Plots were established in producer fields during the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons. Foliar spray treatments of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine (DCPTA) as well as diethyl -2-(4-methylbenzoxy) ethylamine (MBTA) at concentrations of 0, 5, 7, 10, and 15 mg·L -1 were applied to seedlings in 1997 and foliar spray treatments of MBTA at 0, 7, and 10 mg·L -1 were applied to seedlings in 1998. Nested treatments of a plant growth enhancer (PGE) were also applied in 1998. The 7 mg·L -1 MBTA treatment resulted in a 822.2 kg·ha -1 (23.2%) yield increase in 1997 and in a 670.0 kg·ha -1 (27.7%) yield increase in 1998 over untreated controls. The 7 mg·L -1 DCPTA treatments resulted in a 565.6 kg·ha -1 (15.9%) yield increase over untreated controls in 1997. The 1998 PGE treatment resulted in an average 330 kg·ha -1 (12.8%) yield increase. Fruit pigment content was also improved significantly (p < 0.05) by certain STA treatments. STA application appears to be efficacious in commercial production paprika.
Single-Event Effects on Combinational Logic Circuits Operating at Ultra-Low Power

The minimum laser energy required to cause sustained harmonic oscillations in a 201-stage ring oscillator varies little with increasing power supply voltage when operating in the subthreshold region. These small changes in threshold laser energy in the subthreshold region suggest that the cross-section curves as a function of power supply voltage remain relatively constant. Simulations show that the minimum pulsewidth required to generate higher-order oscillations decreases as operating voltage increases. Single-event transients are wider when circuits are operating in the subthreshold region than when operating at the nominal power supply voltages. Narrower single-event transients result for strikes on PMOS transistors as compared to those for strikes on NMOS devices in the subthreshold region; the opposite is observed when circuits are operating at the nominal power supply voltages.
Impact of Patient-Specificity on Seizure Onset Detection Performance

In this paper we quantify the degree to which patient- specificity affects the detection latency, sensitivity, and specificity of a seizure detector using 536 hours of continuously recorded scalp EEG from 16 epilepsy patients. We demonstrate that a detector that knows of an individual's seizure and non- seizure EEG outperforms a detector limited to knowledge of an individual's non-seizure EEG, and a detector limited to knowledge of population seizure and non-seizure EEG.
An Economic Analysis of Matrix Structure, Using Multinational Corporations as an Illustration

This is the author's final draft. The publisher's official version is available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1468(199805)19:3<141
Achieving secrecy: Capacity vs. resolvability

In this paper, we investigate the nature of the coding mechanisms required to ensure strong secrecy over wiretap channels. Specifically, we analyze the limitations of capacity-based wiretap codes, i.e. wiretap codes that associate to each confidential message a subcode whose rate approaches the eavesdropper's channel capacity. For a wiretap channel with a noiseless main channel and a binary symmetric eavesdropper's channel, we show that secrecy-capacity achieving sequences of capacity-based wiretap codes cannot achieve the strong secrecy capacity. We also show that sequences of random capacity-based wiretap codes achieve strong secrecy rates provided the eavesdropper's channel is degraded with respect to the channel for which the codes were designed.
Analysis of interactions in a tapasin/class I complex provides a mechanism for peptide selection

We examined interactions in a soluble tapasin (TPN)/HLA-B*0801 complex to gain mechanistic insights into the functions of TPN. Results show that TPN acts as a chaperone by increasing the ratio of active-to-inactive peptide-deficient HLA-B*0801 molecules in solution. TPN causes peptides to associate and dissociate faster owing to its effect on widening the binding groove of HLA-B*0801 molecules. Our data indicate that a TPN-assisted mechanism of peptide selection relies on disruption of conserved hydrogen bonds at the C-terminal end of the groove. Peptide sequence-dependent interactions along the entire length of the groove also play a role in this mechanism. We suggest that TPN influences presentation of antigenic peptides according to a mechanistically complicated process in which bound candidate peptides that are unable to conformationally disengage TPN from class I molecules are excluded from the repertoire. Overall, these studies unify our understanding of the functions of TPN.
Renormalization effects on the upper critical field for weak electron-phonon coupling

We calculate the temperature dependence of the upper critical field in the presence of Pauli paramagnetism, spin-orbit coupling, and weak electron-phonon interaction. It is shown that renormalization accounts for a modification of the BCS-type theory of Werthamer, Helfand, and Hohenberg. This modification is accomplished by the renormalization procedure suggested earlier by Orlando et al.
Turkey Osteomyelitis Complex

Turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC) is defined by the US Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) to include normal-appearing processed turkey carcasses that contain lesions including green discoloration of the liver, arthritis/synovitis, soft-tissue abscesses, and osteomyelitis of the proximal tibia. The lesions are associated with many different opportunistic organisms, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, suggesting that TOC incidence may be influenced more by deficiencies in the host immune response rather than by the virulence of any one organism. This syndrome is primarily a disease of adolescent male turkeys, and birds with TOC lesions have decreased indices of cell-mediated immunity, leading to the hypothesis that defects in the immune response of individuals within flocks of male turkeys may be responsible for the occurrence of these opportunistic infections. We have developed an experimental model for this disease in which treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), either with or without air sac inoculation with Escherichia coli, produces all of the lesions associated with TOC. These studies suggest that TOC is a result of stress-induced immunosuppression in a subpopulation of male turkeys that respond to the stressors in modern poultry production in a detrimental manner. Supplemental vitamin D3 treatment protected male turkeys from the immunosuppression induced by multiple treatments with DEX and resulted in decreased incidence of mortality, TOC, green liver, and isolation of bacteria from tissues, lower air sacculitis scores, and lower heterophil to lymphocyte ratios than nonsupplemented controls. Vitamin D3 also protected BW; relative weights of the liver, heart, spleen, and bursa; and clinical chemistry values from the effects of DEX treatment. The ability of vitamin D3 supplementation to protect turkeys from the immunosuppressive effects of severe stress emphasizes its role as a prohormone that affects health and disease resistance in turkeys and suggests that variation in the vitamin D receptor genotype may be involved in this disease process. This model has potential value in the identification of other nutritional and physiological immunomodulators that can decrease TOC incidence and will provide a means for the divergent selection of birds more resistant to the stressors of turkey production. In addition, this model will provide justification for management options designed to minimize stress.
Impact of multiple consumption channels on wormhole routed k-ary n-cube networks

This paper presents a performance evaluation of multiple consumption channels in wormhole routed k-ary n-cube networks. The hotspots produced by non-uniform traffic patterns result in consumption bottleneck. The effects of this bottleneck are examined. The interplay between the number of consumption channels, the underlying routing algorithm, and the topology, is examined from the perspective of overall network performance. Two different communication patterns, all-to-one and non-uniform traffic are used in the study. The authors show that the severity of consumption bottleneck increases as the degree of adaptiveness in a routing algorithm increases, i.e., going from oblivious to partial to fully adaptive routing. They conclude that multiple consumption channels (upto 4 for 2D, 3D and 4D meshes and upto 8 for 8-cube) are desired to reduce the severity of this bottleneck and to exploit the advantages of adaptive routing schemes. >
Non-Asymptotic Analysis of an Optimal Algorithm for Network-Constrained Averaging With Noisy Links

The problem of network-constrained averaging is to compute the average of a set of values distributed throughout a graph G using an algorithm that can pass messages only along graph edges. We study this problem in the noisy setting, in which the communication along each link is modeled by an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We propose a two-phase decentralized algorithm, and we use stochastic approximation methods in conjunction with the spectral graph theory to provide concrete (non-asymptotic) bounds on the mean-squared error. Having found such bounds, we analyze how the number of iterations TG(n; δ) required to achieve mean-squared error δ scales as a function of the graph topology and the number of nodes n. Previous work provided guarantees with the number of iterations scaling inversely with the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian. This paper gives an algorithm that reduces this graph dependence to the graph diameter, which is the best scaling possible.
Comparison among different via models based on Feature Selective Validation technique

A new approach is proposed in this paper to validate different uncertain approaches without knowing a standard reference by applying the Feature Selective Validation (FSV) technique. New reference is established by the weighted average of the various approaches. Four via modeling methods including physics-based circuit model, equivalent transmission line model, multiple scattering model, and full wave model are compared and validated by the approach proposed in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of different via modeling techniques.
Unpacking Intuition: A Conjecture

Can intuition be taught? The way in which faces are recognized, the structure of natural classes, and the architecture of intuition may all be instances of the same process. The conjecture that intuition is a species of recognition memory implies that human intuitive decision making can be enormously enhanced by virtual simulation.
The Playing Field Shifts: Predicting the Seats-Votes Curve in the 2008 U.S. House Elections

The 2008 U.S. House elections mark the first time since 1994 that the Democrats will seek to retain a majority. With the political climate favoring Democrats this year, it seems almost certain that the party will retain control, and will likely increase its share of seats. In five national polls taken in June of this year, Democrats enjoyed on average a 13-point advantage in the generic congressional ballot; as Bafumi, Erikson, and Wlezien ( 2007 ) point out, these early polls, suitably adjusted, are good predictors of the November vote. As of late July, bettors at intrade.com put the probability of the Democrats retaining a majority at about 95% (Intrade.com 2008 ). Elsewhere in this symposium, Klarner ( 2008 ) predicts an 11-seat gain for the Democrats, while Lockerbie ( 2008 ) forecasts a 25-seat pickup.
Interaction-mediating vector bosons as collective oscillations of the vacuum

A theory of quantum mechanics underlying the current theory is proposed. Every state—including the vacuum—must satisfy the linear equationOΨ=0. Ψ is a sum of products of spin-1/2 kets.O is a linear operator invariant under the inhomogeneous Lorentz group and the unitary group (U(n). It is modelled after the integral of the Lagrangian density in quantum field theory, and is expressed in terms of spin-1/2 kets and bras. Interaction-mediating vector bosons enter as collective oscillations of the vacuum. The direct four-fermion interaction inO can be re-expressed as a fermion-boson interaction. The form of the boson creation, operators is derived from gauge transformation arguments. The additional assumption of a very small structure constant for the vacuum leads to an understanding of the ∂θ/∂xμ term which is added to the boson potential by a gauge transformation. The possible forms and effects of spontaneous symmetry breaking of the vacuum are discussed.
Developmental changes in endothelium-dependent relaxation of pulmonary arteries: role of EDNO and prostanoids

O’Donnell, Denise C., Mary L. Tod, and John B. Gordon. Developmental changes in endothelium-dependent relaxation of pulmonary arteries: role of EDNO and prostanoids. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2013–2019, 1996.—We hypothesized that maturational changes in both prostaglandin and endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) activity contribute to developmental changes in endothelium-dependent relaxation of newborn pulmonary arteries. Responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine, bradykinin, and calcium ionophore A-23187 were determined in phenylephrine-constricted third- and fourth-generation (1- to 2-mm-diameter) pulmonary artery rings from 2-day (2d)- and 1-mo (1m)-old lambs under control conditions (Con), after inhibition of EDNO synthesis with N ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), after inhibition of prostanoid synthesis with meclofenamate (Mec), or both modulators with both inhibitors. Endothelium-independent responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were also measured in Con rings. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was greater in 2d than 1m Con rings, particularly at high concentrations when an increase in tension occurred in 1m rings. l-NNA attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation more in 2d rings, and SNP caused greater relaxation in 2d rings. However, Mec abolished all age-related differences by attenuating relaxation in 2d rings and constriction in 1m rings. These data suggest that developmental changes in endothelium-dependent responses of ovine pulmonary artery rings reflect both a decrease in EDNO activity and maturational differences in the relative influence of dilator and constrictor prostanoids.
A crystallographically isolated dimeric hydrolyzed chloro-phosphazene dianion.

Single crystals of the title compound bis[bis­(1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazol-2-yl­idene)silver(I)] 1,5,5,7,11,11-hexa­chloro-2,8-di­oxa-4,6,10,12,13,14-hexa­aza-1λ5,3,5λ5,7λ5,9,11λ5-hexa­phospha­tricyclo­[7.3.1.13,7]tetra­deca-1(13),4,7(14),10-tetra­ene-6,12-diide 3,9-dioxide, [Ag(C6H10N2)2](Cl6N6O4P6)0.5, were isolated from the reaction of the silver N-heteocyclic carbene complex [Ag(C6H10N2)2]Cl and hexa­chloro­cyclo­triphos­phazene [NPCl2]3 in the presence of water. The asymmetric unit contains one silver carbene cation with the carbene ligands bound to the Ag(I) in an almost linear arrangement and one half of a hydrolyzed phosphazene dianion. The second cation and additional half of the anion are generated by an inversion center.
Identification of a novel PMS2 alteration c.505C>G (R169G) in trans with a PMS2 pathogenic mutation in a patient with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMRD) is a rare autosomal recessive predisposition to colorectal polyposis and other malignancies, often childhood-onset, that is caused by biallelic inheritance of mutations in the same mismatch repair gene. Here, we describe a patient with a clinical diagnosis of CMMRD based on colorectal polyposis and young-onset endometrial cancer who was identified to have two alterations in trans in PMS2: one known pathogenic mutation (c.1831insA; p.Ile611Asnfs*2) and one novel variant of uncertain significance (c.505C>G; p.Arg169Glu), a missense alteration. We describe the clinical and molecular features in the patient harboring this novel alteration c.505C>G, who meets clinical criteria for CMMRD and exhibits molecular evidence supporting a diagnosis of CMMRD. Although experimental validation is needed to confirm its pathogenicity, PMS2 c.505C>G likely has functional consequences that contributes to our patient's phenotype based on the patient's clinical presentation, tumor studies, and bioinformatics analysis.
Influence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in the brain.

SummaryTwo hydrazine (βenylisopro-pylhydrazine and iproniazid) and 2 non-hydrazine (trans-2 phenyclyclolamine and pargyline) monoamine oxidase inhibitors were tested for their influence on the conversion of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytrypto-phan to 5-hydroxytryptamine. It was found that the conversion of 5-hydroxytryptophan was influenced by both types of monoamine oxidase inhibitors but the non-hydrazine inhibitors were most effective. There was an increase in the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine formed, especially during the first few hours after the inhibitors were administered. Tryptophan conversion to 5-hydroxytryptamine was not significantly influenced by the monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Excitatory responses seen with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and 5-hydroxytryptamine precursors were also observed and appeared to be related to the degree of enzyme inhibition more than to the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Planar Waveguide Illuminator with Variable Directionality and Divergence

We present the design, model, and experimental characterization of a white light LED illuminator using mechanical actuation of a lenslet array relative to a micro-structured planar waveguide to control the divergence and direction of emitted light.
The Sagebrush Trail: Western Movies and Twentieth-Century America . By Richard Aquila.

The Sagebrush Trail: Western Movies and Twentieth-Century America . Modern American West Series. By Richard Aquila. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2015. xi + 371 pp. Illustrations, notes, index. $65.00, cloth; $35.00, paper.) Although no longer a centerpiece of motion picture releases, the Western’s cultural importance continues to attract scholars. Richard Aquila has drawn selectively from the considerable body of published scholarship, together with his own take on Western films, for this up-to-date overview of the genre’s history. More than tracing the history of the genre, Aquila examines how the Western has shaped and reshaped images of the mythic West in ways that “keep pace with corresponding changes in American history and culture” (p. 10). While not a novel approach to the genre, Aquila extends it … j-lenihan{at}tamu.edu
Organ-specific systemic lupus erythematosus activity during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of reproductive-age women, and thus questions regarding how disease influences pregnancy outcomes arise. We investigated whether five specific types of SLE activity during the 6 months before conception or during pregnancy (nephritis, cytopenias, skin disease, arthritis, serositis) were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study of pregnancy outcomes among women with SLE at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Lupus Center. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery, elective termination due to SLE, spontaneous miscarriage at weeks 12–20, and stillbirth. SLE and obstetric history, laboratories, and medications were obtained from electronic medical records. Generalized linear mixed models adjusting for potential confounders were used to identify predictors of any adverse pregnancy outcome. Most pregnancies resulted in a live term delivery (76.5 %). After adjustment for Hispanic ethnicity, prior adverse pregnancy outcome and medication use 6 months before conception, nephritis during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 3.6, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.0–12.8), cytopenias during pregnancy (OR 3.9, 95 % CI 1.3–11.4), and serositis during pregnancy (OR 5.9, 95 % CI 1.0–34.0) were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Specific types of SLE disease activity during pregnancy were related to adverse pregnancy outcome. Nephritis, cytopenias, and serositis carried a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, suggesting that these abnormalities should be carefully monitored during pregnancy.
In-Situ Secondary Equipment Protection of Smart Substation

The secondary equipment in-situ of smart substation meets the requirements of material saving,land saving and energy saving,which is a hot research focus in smart substation construction at present. For the application extension of the construction mode with secondary equipment in-situ in smart substation,this paper summarized the status of protection technology for secondary equipment in-situ in recent years,and studied the interfering mechanism of temperature,humidity and electromagnetic interference on secondary equipment in-situ. Aimed at the deficiency of existing protection technology,a new precast chamber protection scheme was proposed,and the single row and double row configuration methods of holders in chamber were described,which had the characteristics of compact construction,good economics,significant protection effect,precast production inner plant and short construction period,and could effectively improve the construction efficiency of smart substation and reduce the construction area,construction period,investment of smart substation. The secondary equipment in-situ of smart substation will further promote the "standardized design, factory processing, assembling construction"for the smart substation,which has the value of popularization and application.
The “Trust V”: Building and Measuring Trust in Autonomous Systems

For systems to be used they must be trusted. They must engender both system trust (system meets specifications) and operational trust (system meets user expectations). Simple systems are easily trustable. A light switch has only a few possible states. Complicated systems typically demonstrate trustability through established methods during their requirements confirmation processes (such as Test & Evaluation and Verification & Validation). While autonomous systems can use these same processes to establish trust, different methods within these processes are needed to address specific autonomous attributes such as “adaptive” or “self-directed”. We have created a framework that identifies methods for engendering trust in automated and autonomous systems. These methods are used throughout a product’s lifecycle. This paradigm led us to invent new methods that create both systems and operational trust for autonomous systems. Several examples of these new methods, that are useful for all systems, are given.
Highly Multiplexed RNA Aptamer Selection using a Microplate-based Microcolumn Device

We describe a multiplexed RNA aptamer selection to 19 different targets simultaneously using a microcolumn-based device, MEDUSA (Microplate-based Enrichment Device Used for the Selection of Aptamers), as well as a modified selection process, that significantly reduce the time and reagents needed for selections. We exploited MEDUSA's reconfigurable design between parallel and serially-connected microcolumns to enable the use of just 2 aliquots of starting library, and its 96-well microplate compatibility to enable the continued use of high-throughput techniques in downstream processes. Our modified selection protocol allowed us to perform the equivalent of a 10-cycle selection in the time it takes for 4 traditional selection cycles. Several aptamers were discovered with nanomolar dissociation constants. Furthermore, aptamers were identified that not only bound with high affinity, but also acted as inhibitors to significantly reduce the activity of their target protein, mouse decapping exoribonuclease (DXO). The aptamers resisted DXO's exoribonuclease activity, and in studies monitoring DXO's degradation of a 30-nucleotide substrate, less than 1 μM of aptamer demonstrated significant inhibition of DXO activity. This aptamer selection method using MEDUSA helps to overcome some of the major challenges with traditional aptamer selections, and provides a platform for high-throughput selections that lends itself to process automation.
‘Emergent Classes’ and Sicheng Society

These personal narratives tell a story of growing opportunities as well as the increasing gap between the ‘rich’ and the ‘poor’ since economic reform began in China in 1979. How do we understand this contradictory phenomenon and what it implies for the future? Part of the answer certainly may be found in the tradition of historical materialist political economy. But at the same time, it is fundamental to the premises of this book that the analytical concept ‘class’ (or even the underlying concepts of mode of production and capital) cannot grasp the totality of historical development, nor should we, as Lefort warns, ‘confuse social division with the empirical distribution of individuals in the process of production’.7 Social inequalities in today’s China, as the above narratives suggest, result primarily from unequal access to political power, in the sense of state power.
Dorsal Block Pinning

Proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations are common injuries usually resulting from a direct axial force applied to the tip of the finger. This chapter will focus on describing the indications and the technique for dorsal extension block pinning. This technique is simple, inexpensive, and straightforward. It allows the soft tissue structures to heal, while the joint reduction is maintained in a congruent fashion and motion is permitted in the stable arc. This technique is ideal for the PIP joint injury in which a closed reduction can be obtained, but is unstable. It allows for the advantages of dorsal block splinting without the technical and compliance challenges of fitting a splint and maintaining it in place.
Linear-Stapled Side-to-Side Esophagojejunostomy with Hand-Sewn Closure of the Common Enterotomy After Prophylactic and Therapeutic Total Gastrectomy

After total gastrectomy, anastomosis-related complications such as leak or stricture can be highly morbid. Between July 2005 and December 2015, a linear-stapled side-to-side esophagojejunostomy with hand-sewn closure of the common enterotomy (modified Orringer technique) was used for Roux-en-Y reconstruction after prophylactic total gastrectomy in 22 germline CDH1 mutation carriers and after therapeutic total gastrectomy in 18 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. No patient in either cohort developed a clinically evident anastomotic leak, one patient (2.5%) developed a contained radiographic leak that healed without intervention, and one patient (2.5%) developed an anastomotic stricture treated by endoscopic dilatation 7 months after operation. These rates were lower than radiographic leak and stricture rates in a comparison group of 32 patients who received a completely hand-sewn esophagojejunostomy (6.3 and 3.1%, respectively). Here, we describe how to perform the linear-stapled esophagojejunostomy anastomosis.
Reconciling Hall with discourse, written in the shadows of ‘“Confederate” and Rainbow Flags

ABSTRACTThis essay addresses Stuart Hall and discourse theory, focusing on his essay “Signification, representation, ideology.” Reflecting upon recent events involving representation and identity—US legalization of gay marriage, murders at a gay nightclub, removal of the “Rebel Flag” from the South Carolina state capitol, Donald Trump’s presidential campaign—I attempt to destabilize the counterproductive dualism of material/discourse in Hall’s critique of poststructural discourse theory. Finding amenability between Hall and Foucaultian discourse theory, I describe Hall’s utility for discourse scholars, such as his perspectives on ideological practices and generation of new discourses as an interventionist act.
“Sarcomatoid” carcinomas of the lung: a clinicopathological study of 86 cases with a new perspective on tumor classification

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma includes a heterogenous group of tumors difficult to diagnose and treat. We report the clinicopathological features of 86 such tumors, including 74 pleomorphic and 12 spindle cell carcinomas, and propose a novel approach to the classification of these neoplasms in an attempt to better guide patient management. The patients were 47 men and 39 women aged 36 to 87 years (mean, 63 years) who primarily presented with shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. Eighty-six percent of patients had a smoking history. Histologically, the pleomorphic carcinomas consisted of spindle and/or giant cells with varying proportions of conventional non-small cell carcinoma in the form of adenocarcinoma (n=29), squamous cell carcinoma (n=10), or large cell carcinoma (n=18); 17 cases contained a mix of spindle and giant cells only. The 12 spindle cell carcinomas consisted of spindle cells only. Based on the combined histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of these tumors, we were able to reanalyze the spectrum of these lesions and reclassify them accordingly. Statistical analysis revealed an overall survival at 3, 5, and 10 years of 42.9%, 34.6%, and 23.5%, respectively, and a median survival of 15 months. Log-rank test showed that in multivariate analysis, only pathological T stage was a factor associated with prognosis. The current classification of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas precludes optimal triaging of these tumors with the risk of denying patients access to novel treatment. Our proposal for a reclassification of these tumors would more accurately guide patient management and facilitate targeted therapies.
Complementary Separations of Power

This Essay responds to Jon Michaels’s claim, insightfully developed in his recent Article, that the administrative realm functions as a self-regulating ecosystem. Michaels’s claim rests on his description of a trio of administrative rivals that mirror the constitutional branches: The civil service manifests key rule-of-law qualities of the judiciary, agency heads mimic the partisan leadership of the presidency, and — of greatest interest here — civil society plays the “popular, deliberative” role of Congress. Michaels’s intriguing comparison between civil society and Congress raises important questions about the oversight function of each institution. I argue that substituting civil society for Congress runs the risk of replicating — and likely exacerbating — pathologies of inequality and exclusion that undermine oversight’s democratic value. Both Congress and civil society are prone to elitism and representational failures that fall short of constitutional ideals.Yet because their respective mandates, structures, and capacities differ, the two institutions are likely to perform better oversight in tandem than civil society could alone. Taking account of the flaws and attributes of each institution thus points toward a reorientation of Michaels’s model. Rather than casting the administrative sphere as self-regulating in isolation, we should focus on the complementary nature of the administrative and constitutional rivals.
The Role of Nonprofit Governance and Donor Pressure in Auditor Judgment and Decision Making: An Experimental Investigation

Auditors serve an important monitoring role in the nonprofit sector, yet little is known about how auditor skepticism is influenced by factors unique to this environment during auditor-client interactions. Auditors must ascertain reasons for material changes in reported program spending. However, nonprofit management may persuade the auditor that any favorable changes in program spending are due to business reasons. We experimentally examine if auditors consider both the strength of nonprofit governance and donor pressure to increase program spending during client attempts to persuade auditors of the appropriateness of an increase in the program expense ratio. We hypothesize and find that, for the same increase in the program expense ratio, auditors focus their information search on more risk factors, and exhibit greater skepticism, when the nonprofit’s governance is weak rather than strong. However, there is a greater difference in auditor skepticism between the high and low donor pressure conditions when governance is strong rather than weak. When governance is strong, auditors increase skepticism when donor pressure is high, but not low. When governance is weak, there is no difference in auditors’ assessments of functional expense allocation appropriateness between low and high donor pressure conditions, as auditors uniformly assess risk as high. In effect, governance strength determines whether auditors consider factors such as donor pressure. A path analysis confirms these results are driven by the type of evidence items auditors’ focus on during information search. These results provide insight into aspects of the nonprofit environment that impact professional skepticism during client interactions.
CMS Hadron Calorimeter front-end upgrade for SLHC Phase I

We present an upgrade plan for the CMS HCAL detector. The HCAL upgrade is required for the increased luminosity (3×1034) of SLHC Phase I, which is targeted for 2014. A key aspect of the HCAL upgrade is to add longitudinal segmentation to improve background rejection, energy resolution, and electron isolation at L1 trigger. The increased segmentation is achieved by replacing the hybrid photodiodes (HPDs) with silicon PMTs (SIPMs). We plan to instrument each fiber of the calorimeter with an SIPM (103,000 total). We will then electrically sum outputs from selected SIPMs to form the longitudinal readout segments. In addition to having more longitudinal information, the upgrade plans include a new custom ADC with matched sensitivity and timing information. The increased data volume requires higher speed transmitters. The additional power dissipation for the readout electronics requires better thermal design, since much of the on-detector infrastructure (front-end electronics crates, cooling pipes, optical fiber plant, etc.) will remain the same. We will report on the preliminary designs for these upgraded systems, along with performance requirements and initial design studies.
International classification of sleep disorders

Two major sleep classifications include that of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) which includes a section entitled ‘sleep–wake disorders’ and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders third edition (ICSD3) of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The ICSD3 has significant changes in the overall classification from previous versions. The insomnia category has changed to a single major disorder called chronic insomnia disorder, and a short-term insomnia disorder for symptoms that are present less than 3 months. The sleep-related breathing disorders have been expanded into four main sections: obstructive sleep apnea disorders, central sleep apnea disorders, sleep-related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep-related hypoxemia disorder. Snoring and catathrenia are regarded as isolated symptoms or normal variants. The central disorders of hypersomnolence section include two forms of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2). Other hypersomnolence disorders include idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine–Levin syndrome. The circadian rhythm disorders are largely unchanged from previous classifications. The parasomnias include three main groups: NREM-related parasomnias, REM-related parasomnias, and another parasomnia section. The final section is sleep-related movement disorders section which included restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, and sleep-related leg cramps as well as other movement disorders.