cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of friendship in the development and maintenance of lesbian love relationships.

The role of friendship in the development and maintenance of lesbian love relationships was investigated by means of a structured interview with 23 lesbian women. Friendship was found to be a key factor in the development of the respondent's first same-sex love relationships; the first sexual/romantic relationship often grew out of an established friendship between the women. Also, friendship was found to be a prime developmental and maintenance factor in the women's current relationships; 78% stated that their current lover had first been their friend, and 77% stated that their current lover had become their closest friend. Some related issues, such as development of lesbian identity and definitional differences between “lover” and “friend,” were also examined. A theoretical discussion interpreting the friendship findings within a feminist framework of women identification is included.
Combined Flow Cytometric Measurement of Two Cell-Surface Antigens and DNA-RNA Content

INTRODUCTIONFlow cytometry is frequently used to assess nucleic acid content in individual cells. Based on DNA content alone, however, cells in the quiescent G(0) phase cannot be discriminated from cells in the proliferative G(1) phase, as DNA content remains constant until S-phase entry. In contrast, by measuring RNA content in addition to DNA content, cells can be assigned to G(0) and cell-cycle subcompartments of G(1). Assessing phenotype at the same time as nucleic acid content allows determination of the cell-cycle status of subpopulations in mixed-cell preparations. This protocol describes an optimized method for combining dual-color cell-surface immunofluorescent staining with staining for DNA-RNA, adapted for a basic dual-laser flow cytometer with blue (488-nm) and red (633- or 647-nm) excitation. DNA is stained at low pH in the presence of saponin with 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), and RNA is stained with pyronin Y (PY). Both dyes are used at low concentration, and 7-AAD is exchanged with nonfluorescent actinomycin D to minimize fluorochrome-fluorochrome interactions, which can negatively affect detection of cell-surface antigen staining.
Polyphenol Oxidase and o-Diphenols Inhibit Postharvest Proteolysis in Red Clover and Alfalfa

Many forages experience significant proteolytic losses when preserved by ensiling. Such losses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are especially high, with degradation of 44 to 87% of the forage protein to nonprotein N (NPN). In contrast, red clover {Trifolium pratense L.) has up to 90% less proteolysis during ensiling. Here we demonstrate that the combination of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and o-diphenol PPO substrates, both abundantly present in red clover, is responsible for postharvest proteolytic inhibition in this forage crop. Proteolysis in red clover leaf extracts increased nearly fivefold when endogenous o-diphenols were removed by gel filtration but returned to starting levels by adding back an exogenous o-diphenol. Proteolysis in leaf extracts of red clover plants silenced for PPO expression was dramatically increased compared to control plants. Leaf extracts of transgenic alfalfa expressing a red clover PPO gene showed a nearly fivefold o-diphenol-dependent decrease in proteolysis compared to those of control alfalfa. We also demonstrate that PPO levels 10- to 20-fold lower than those typically found in red clover are sufficient for proteolytic inhibition, that as little as 0.25 μmol o-diphenol mg -1 protein has a substantial impact on proteolysis, that a wide variety of o-diphenols are functional substrates in proteolytic inhibition, and that proteolysis is reduced for PPO-expressing alfalfa in small-scale ensiling experiments. Together, these results indicate that PPO and o-diphenols can be an effective treatment to prevent protein loss in ensiled forage crops.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis

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Radical-driven dissociation of odd-electron peptide radical ions produced in 157 nm photodissociation.

Odd-electron a+1 radical ions generated in the 157 nm photodissociation of peptide ions were investigated in an ion trap mass spectrometer. To localize the radical, peptide backbone amide hydrogens were replaced with deuterium. When the resulting radical ions underwent hydrogen elimination, no H/D scrambling was obvious, suggesting that without collisional activation, the radical resides on the terminal α-carbon. Upon collisional excitation, odd-electron radical ions dissociate through two favored pathways: the production of a-type ions at aromatic amino acids via homolytic cleavage of backbone Cα-C(O) bonds and side-chain losses at nonaromatic amino acids. When aromatic residues are not present, nonaromatic residues can also lead to a-type ions. In addition to a-type ions, serine and threonine yield cn−1 and an−1+1 ions where n denotes the position of the serine or threonine. All of these fragments appear to be directed by the radical and they strongly depend on the amino acid side-chain structure. In addition, thermal fragments are also occasionally observed following cleavage of labile Xxx-Pro bonds and their formation appears to be kinetically competitive with radical migration.
MIND IS PRIMARILY A VERB: AN EXAMINATION OF MISTAKEN SIMILARITIES BETWEEN JOHN DEWEY AND HERBERT SPENCER

In educational scholarship, a number of comparisons have been made between the work of John Dewey and Herbert Spencer, many claiming that Spencer’s influence is unmistakable in Dewey’s theories or even that Dewey is derivative of Spencer. However, one must look beyond the surface similarities of Dewey and Spencer and recognize the drastically divergent views that each held on those very foundational notions upon which each built his educational program. In this essay, Robin Zebrowksi examines the theories of evolution, the directionality of organism and environment interaction, the agency of the individual, and the conceptualizations of progress in the respective works of Dewey and Spencer. Their underlying beliefs about the world and how it operates show that their philosophies cannot be reconciled. The educational theories that follow from these discrepancies, Zebrowski concludes, have incompatible and distinct implications for the classroom.
Dominant Female, Superior Male: Control Schemata in Lois and Clark, Moonlighting, and Remington Steele

(1996). Dominant Female, Superior Male: Control Schemata in Lois and Clark, Moonlighting, and Remington Steele. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 26-33.
Between- and within-subjects PRE in selective responding

Different patterns of partial reward in one arm of a Y-maze were utilized in an attempt to condition the aftereffects of nonreward to the response of choosing a specific arm on free-choice test trials after a nonrewarded trial The choice data suggested the operation of two factors: (1) a tendency to choose the arm associated with continuous reward over that associated with partial reward, and (2) the development of associative control over choice behavior by the aftereffects of nonreward.
Expanding the use of monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer by using ionising radiation to upregulate antibody targets

Expanding the use of monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer by using ionising radiation to upregulate antibody targets
Organic matter cycling in sediments of the continental margin in the northwest Atlantic Ocean

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study of benthic organic matter decomposition on the continental margin in the northwest Atlantic Ocean at 70°W, the same region that was studied as part of the SEEP-I project (Cont. Shelf Res. 8(5–7) (1988) 925). We collected all of our samples via submersible during July, 1996, and September, 1997. An extensive set of in situ microelectrode O2 profiles indicate that sedimentary O2 consumption was essentially constant at 50–55 μmol/cm2/yr from 460 to 1467 m water depth, with a lower rate in the coarser-grained sediments at 260 m. The O2 penetration depth increased steadily over the depth transect, from 1.0±0.1 cm at 260 m to 2.7±0.3 cm at 1467 m. The organic matter oxidation rate increased from ∼30 μmol/cm2/yr at 260 m to ∼42 μmol/cm2/yr over the 460–1035 m depth range, and decreased gradually below that to 32 μmol/cm2/yr at 2500 m. O2 was quantitatively the most important electron acceptor, accounting for 75–91% of organic matter oxidation, while denitrification accounted for 2–5% and iron and sulfate reduction 8–20%. A comparison with organic matter oxidation rates measured at the site of the mid-slope depocenter in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight showed a north/south difference in benthic organic matter oxidation rates similar to that found in particle fluxes to the sea floor. Benthic organic carbon oxidation rates measured in the southern depocenter were 3–6 times the rates we measured at 70°W, while fluxes of total mass, organic carbon, and excess 210Pb were 3.4–4.6 times larger in the southern depocenter (Cont. Shelf Res. 8(5–7) (1988) 855; Deep-Sea Res. II 41 (1994) 459). Measurements of the enhancement of solute transport between sediments and bottom water, using Br− and the 222Rn deficit as tracers, indicated that sediment irrigation may enhance O2 exchange by 50–100% at 460 and 260 m, but is likely to be of limited significance at deeper water depths. In addition, enhanced solute exchange by irrigation may reduce net bottom water/sediment exchange of NO3− by as much as 50%, and may increase the denitrification rate by a similar amount at our 460 m site.
A secure and efficient scheme for machine-to-machine communications in smart grid

Smart grid uses machine-to-machine (M2M) communication infrastructures and advanced control techniques for improved power distributions and management. Different types of communication schemes could possibly be used for smart grid applications, but need to be further explored in smart grid application scenarios. In this paper, we present the utilization of a zero correlation zone (ZCZ) CDMA based scheme in M2M communications for the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in smart grid. We design the ZCZ code generation and distribution through mutual authentication in the initialization procedure before data transmission. We examine the security and efficiency aspects of the proposed ZCZ CDMA based scheme. The paper concludes with the comparison of the proposed scheme and the legacy approach for the system security and performance in smart grid M2M communications.
Computational method for calculating fluorescence intensities within three-dimensional structures in cells

The use of fluorescence microscopy is central to cell biology in general, and essential to many fields (e.g., membrane traffic) that rely upon it to identify cellular locations of molecules under study and the extent to which they co-localize with others. Rigorous localization or co-localization data require quantitative image analyses that can vary widely between fields and laboratories. While most published data use two-dimensional images, there is an increasing appreciation for the advantages of collecting three-dimensional data sets. These include the ability to evaluate the entire cell and avoidance of focal plane bias. This is particularly important when imaging and quantifying changes in organelles with irregular borders and which vary in appearance between cells in a population, e.g., the Golgi. We describe a method developed for quantifying changes in signal intensity of one protein within any three-dimensional structure, defined by the presence of a different marker. We use as examples of this method the quantification of adaptor recruitment to transmembrane protein cargos at the Golgi though it can be directly applied to any site in the cell. Together, these advantages facilitate rigorous statistical testing of differences between conditions, despite variations in organelle structure, and we believe that this method of quantification of fluorescence data can be productively applied to a wide array of experimental questions.
Sum frequency generation by water on supercooled H2SO4/H2O liquid solutions at stratospheric temperature

Abstract Sum frequency generation spectra indicate that the surface water of liquid sulfuric acid solutions varies as a function of concentration, but not with temperature. At 0.1 x H 2 SO 4 (where x =mole fraction, 38 wt%), subsurface ionic species orient surface water molecules. The surface of 0.2 x H 2 SO 4 (58 wt%) solutions, however, features H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O complexes both at 273 K and supercooled at 216 K. The results support a picture of stratospheric chemistry in which sulfuric acid aerosols are coated with hydrogen-bonded water/sulfuric acid complexes.
Carbonic anhydrase XII mRNA encodes a hydratase that is differentially expressed along the rabbit nephron.

Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) facilitates acidification in the kidney. Although most hydratase activity is considered due to CA IV, some in the basolateral membranes could be attributed to...
Cholecystokinin-8 increases Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brainstem and myenteric neurons of rats through CCK1 receptors.

Abstract To examine the role of cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK 1 ) in the activation of brainstem and myenteric neurons by CCK, we compared the ability of exogenous CCK-8 to induce Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in these neurons in Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, lacking CCK 1 receptors, and Long–Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls. Five groups ( n = 4 rats per group) of OLETF rats, and five LETO control groups, were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/kg CCK-8 or saline. Forty-micrometer brainstem sections containing the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and myenteric neurons of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum underwent a diaminobenzidine reaction enhanced with nickel to reveal Fos-LI. CCK-8 did not increase Fos-LI in any of the tested neurons in the OLETF rats. CCK-8 increased Fos-LI in the brainstem of the LETO rats in a dose dependent manner. In the LETO rats only 40 μg/kg CCK-8 increased Fos-LI in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum. This study demonstrates that CCK-8 activates the brainstem and myenteric neurons through the CCK 1 receptor.
Styrylpyridine-based epoxy resins: synthesis and characterization

Etude du poids equivalent sur l'ether diglycidyl-2,6 de styrylpyridine. Etudes par DSC de l'ether diglycidyle de styrylpyridine. Etude de la structure de cet ether durci thermiquement. Etude des reactions de durcissement
Doppler assessment of the fetal and uteroplacental circulation during nifedipine therapy for preterm labor.

To investigate the effects of nifedipine on the human fetal circulation, 11 fetuses whose mothers were treated with nifedipine for treatment of preterm labor were studied. Maximum velocity waveforms were obtained in the middle cerebral artery ( n = 8), renal artery ( n = 6), ductus arteriosus ( n = 8), and umbilical artery ( n = 10). Transvalvular maximal velocity waveforms were obtained across the aortic ( n = 11) and pulmonary ( n = 7) valves. Maternal uterine arteries also were studied ( n = 7). Doppler data were collected before and 5 hours after nifedipine therapy. Patients received an oral loading dose of 30 mg of nifedipine followed by a second oral dose of 20 mg 4 hours later. No significant difference in the flow velocity waveforms was found in the vessels studied 5 hours after the initial dose. These results suggest that short-term nifedipine therapy does not influence either fetal or uteroplacental circulation as evaluated with the Doppler technique.
Spatial-frequency Feature Vector Fusion Based Steganalysis

This paper presents an algorithm for breaking the JPEG based steganographical algorithms such as F5, one of the most robust information hiding systems. The detection technique is based on spatial-frequency feature vector fusion and SVM classification. First, the proposed method extracts features from spatial domain and DCT domain respectively. Second, the data fusion technique is employed to combine their features. Finally, SVM is used to classify the stego images and non-stego images based on the combined features. Owing to the unique concatenation of two domain features, the proposed algorithm shows high sensitivity to the secret messages of small sizes, allowing a more effective attack.
Dense (mod 1) dilated semigroups of algebraic numbers

Abstract Given a real algebraic number field K we consider the following possible properties of a multiplicative subsemigroup S of K ∗ : (1) Sα is dense modulo 1 for every α ∋ K. (2) Sα is dense modulo 1 for every α ≠ 0. A full characterization of those semigroups satisfying each of these properties is obtained. In particular, it follows that a semigroup possessing one of these properties has a subsemigroup, generated by two elements, with the same property. Given a finitely generated semigroup, one can effectively decide whether or not it satisfies either one of the aforementioned properties. A p-adic analogue of the main result is studied as well.
Reactive nitrogen intermediates and antimicrobial activity: Role of nitrite

The reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) nitric oxide (NO.) is formed from L-arginine by an NO. synthase and, following secondary reactions yielding additional toxic intermediates, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate are formed. Nitrite, however, also has toxic properties. At acid pH, nitrous acid (HNO2) is bactericidal to Escherichia coli, in association with the loss of HNO2/NO2- and the uptake of oxygen, an effect which is increased by H2O2. Under conditions in which HNO2/NO2- +/- H2O2 were ineffective, the further addition of peroxidase (myeloperoxidase [MPO], eosinophil peroxidase, lactoperoxidase) or catalase resulted in bactericidal activity and the disappearance of HNO2/NO2-. Paradoxically, HNO2/NO2- also inhibited the bactericidal activity of MPO by the formation of a complex with MPO with a shift in the absorption spectrum, and by reaction with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (the product of the chloride-supplemented MPO-H2O2 system), with loss of the bactericidal activity of HOCl and the disappearance of both HOCl and HNO2/NO2- from the reaction mixture. Thus, HNO2/NO2-, rather than being solely an end product of RNI formation, may influence antimicrobial activity either by acting alone, with H2O2, or with H2O2 and peroxidase as a source of toxic agents, or by inhibiting the peroxidase-mediated antimicrobial systems.
Optimum Wireless Powering of Sensors Embedded in Concrete

The optimization of wireless powering of sensors embedded in concrete is studied here. Our analytical results focus on calculating the transmission loss and propagation loss of RF waves penetrating into concrete at different humidity conditions. Specifically, this analysis leads to the identification of an optimum frequency range within 20-80 MHz that is validated through antenna coupling full-wave EM simulations. Also, an optimized rectenna is designed in order to calculate the battery charging time. Finally, the effects of reinforced bars to RF power transfer are analyzed.
Glass fabrication and product consistency testing of lanthanide borosilicate glass for plutonium disposition

Abstract The Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) plans to conduct the Plutonium Disposition Project at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC, to disposition excess weapons-usable plutonium. A plutonium glass waste form is a leading candidate for immobilization of the plutonium for subsequent disposition in a geologic repository. The objectives of this present task were to fabricate plutonium-loaded lanthanide borosilicate (LaBS) Frit B glass and perform testing to provide near-term data that will increase confidence that LaBS glass product is suitable for disposal in the proposed Federal Repository. Specifically, testing was conducted in an effort to provide data to Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) personnel for use in performance assessment calculations. Plutonium-containing LaBS glass with the Frit B composition with a 9.5 wt% PuO2 loading was prepared for testing. Glass was prepared to support glass durability testing via the ASTM product consistency testing (PCT) at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). The glass was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) prior to performance testing. This characterization revealed some crystalline PuO2 inclusions with disk-like morphology present in the as-fabricated, quench-cooled glass. A series of PCTs was conducted at SRNL with varying exposed surface area and test durations. Filtered leachates from these tests were analyzed to determine the dissolved concentrations of key elements. The leachate solutions were also ultrafiltered to quantify colloid formation. Leached solids from select PCTs were examined in an attempt to evaluate the Pu and neutron absorber release behavior from the glass and to investigate formation of alteration phases on the glass surface. A series of PCTs was conducted at 90 °C in ASTM Type 1 water to compare the Pu LaBS Frit B glass durability to current requirements for high level waste (HLW) glass in a geologic repository. The PCT (7-day static test with powdered glass) results on the Pu-containing LaBS Frit B glass at SA/V of ≈2000 m−1 showed that the glass was very durable with an average normalized elemental release value for boron of 0.013 g/m2. This boron release value is ≈640× lower than normalized boron release from current environmental assessment (EA) glass used for repository acceptance. The PCT-B (7-, 14-, 28- and 56-day, static test with powdered glass) normalized elemental releases were similar to the normalized elemental release values from PCT-A testing, indicating that the LaBS Frit B glass is very durable as measured by the PCT. Normalized plutonium releases were essentially the same within the analytical uncertainty of the ICP-MS methods used to quantify plutonium in the 0.45 μm-filtered leachates and ultra-filtered leachates, indicating that colloidal plutonium species do not form under the PCT conditions used in this study.
Optimum Biasing for Parallel Hybrid Switching-Linear Regulators

Hybrid combinations of switching and linear regulators have been proposed for both audio amplifiers and dynamic supply modulators for radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). Such topologies may provide benefits in terms of efficiency, dynamic range, and speed of dynamic response compared to pure linear regulators or class-D switching amplifiers. This paper presents a framework for analyzing the bias constraints of switching and linear voltage regulators operated in a parallel-hybrid configuration. Particular emphasis is given to polar and envelope tracking RF power amplifier (RF PA) applications. Ideal expressions are derived for the optimum current contribution of the switching regulator under quasi-static operating conditions. In contrast to previous work, it is shown that the optimum mean current contribution of the switching regulator is not necessarily the dc current to the load. Explicit expressions for theoretical maximum efficiency are derived for envelope waveforms that result from two-tone and sinusoidal amplitude modulation of the RF carrier; IS-95 CDMA and IEEE 802.11a/g wireless LAN envelope waveforms are treated in simulation and experiment. Theoretical predictions are validated with measured results.
Magnetic properties and longitudinal recording performance of corrosion-resistant alloy films

This paper describes the magnetic properties, recording performance and corrosion resistance of sputtered CoCr alloy films and CoCrTa alloy films. The saturation magnetization of CoCr was 525 emu/cc and not affected by substitution of a small amount of Ta. CoCrTa films exhibit greater coercive force values than CoCr films. The maximum coercive force of CoCrTa was 1400 Oe at a thickness of 400A, whereas at a similar thickness the coercive force of CoCr was 900 Oe. The coercive force decreases linearly with temperature (25°C. to 125°C.) at a rate of 3.16 Oe/°C. for CoCrTa and 1.87 Oe/°C. for CoCr. Longitudinal recording performance at -3 dB signal level was 8386 flux reversals/cm (21,300 fci) and 11,063 flux reversals/cm (28,100 fci) for CoCr and CoCrTa respectively. The alloys exhibited corrosion resistance at 80% relative humidity and 65° C. for a two-week period equivalent to at least six years under ambient disc drive conditions.
An O(nlogn) edge-based algorithm for obstacle-avoiding rectilinear steiner tree construction

Obstacle-avoiding Steiner tree construction is a fundamental problem in VLSI physical design. In this paper, we provide a new approach for rectilinear Steiner tree construction in the presence of obstacles. We propose a novel algorithm, which generates sparse obstacle-avoiding spanning graphs efficiently. We design a fast algorithm for the minimum terminal spanning tree construction, which is the bottleneck step of several existing approaches in terms of running time. We adopt an edge-based heuristic, which enables us to perform both local and global refinement, leading to Steiner trees with small lengths. The time complexity of our algorithm is O(nlogn). Hence, our technique is the most efficient one to the best of our knowledge. Experimental results on various benchmarks show that our algorithm achieves 25.8 times speedup on average, while the average length of the resulting obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner trees is only 1.58% larger than the best existing solution
Using Television to Construct Social Reality.

Based on a review of television's influence on social reality beliefs, we propose a model of how individuals use television to construct such beliefs.
Shame and community: social components in depression.

ALTHOUGH there are many theories of the causes of depression, they all assume that some cases are primarily endogenous; that is, they are largely independent of situational influences. This article proposes that most cases of depression have a social component that is closely tied to the immediate situation. During 5 months in 1965 I observed nearly all intake interviews of male patients in a mental hospital near London. Most of them were over age 60, and all but one were diagnosed as depressed. However, there was usually a temporary lifting of depression in those interviews in which the psychiatrists asked the patients about their activities during World War II. At the time I didn’t understand the significance of these episodes. I now offer an interpretation in the light of current studies of shame and the social bond: Recounting memories of belonging to a community temporarily resolved shame and depression. These episodes suggest a modification of existing theories of depression, that shame and lack of community, in addition to biology and individual psychology, could be a component of major depression.
Tunable high harmonic generation with an optical parametric amplifier

A high-intensity 1014 W/cm2 optical parametric amplifier (OPA) was developed to generate tunable infrared pulses for high harmonic generation (HHG). The HHG experiments with xenon and argon gases using the OPA output were performed with a kHz gas valve. The tunable nature of the OPA led to tunable HHG, resulting in a source of fully tunable coherent XUV radiation from 0.22 μm to the HHG cutoff. Compared with the conventional 800 nm (Ti:sapphire) driving field, increasing the driving wavelength by an OPA also significantly extended the cutoff photon energy of the HHG.
Integrating local ecological knowledge and manipulative experiments to find the causes of environmental change

In spite of the increasing use of local ecological knowledge (LEK) in various environmental studies, few methodological innovations exist to facilitate new uses. This is especially true in studies of environmental change, where standard methods of comparing LEK with scientific knowledge do little to bolster causal claims. Here, I report on a novel approach that uses LEK to formulate manipulative experiments. This interdisciplinary approach exploits LEK's rich historical observations, while employing experimental approaches to disentangle competing hypotheses and to identify underlying mechanisms. This integrated approach produces historically based, mechanistically sound explanations that can be more useful than either LEK or experimental studies alone. I illustrate this approach with recent studies of common reed (Phragmites australis) invasion in salt hay farms.
A unified treatment of the gamma-ray burst 021211 and its afterglow

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) 021211 had a simple light curve, containing only one peak and the expected Poisson fluctuations. Such a burst may be attributed to an external shock, offering the best chance for a unified understanding of the gamma-ray burst and afterglow emissions. We analyse the properties of the prompt (burst) and delayed (afterglow) emissions of GRB 021211 within the fireball model. Consistency between the optical emission during the first 11 min (which, presumably, comes from the reverse shock heating of the ejecta) and the later afterglow emission (arising from the forward shock) requires that, at the onset of deceleration (∼2 s), the energy density in the magnetic field in the ejecta, expressed as a fraction of the equipartition value (e B ), is larger than in the forward shock at 11 min by a factor of approximately 10 3 . We find that synchrotron radiation from the forward shock can account for the gamma-ray emission of GRB 021211; to explain the observed GRB peak flux requires that, at 2 s, e B in the forward shock is larger by a factor 100 than at 11 min. These results suggest that the magnetic field in the reverse shock and early forward shock is a frozen-in field originating in the explosion and that most of the energy in the explosion was initially stored in the magnetic field. We can rule out the possibility that the ejecta from the burst for GRB 021211 contained more than 10 electron-positron pairs per proton.
THE ROLE OF CORRELATED DEFECTS IN RADIATION-ENHANCED DIFFUSION

Recently Larsen and Damask have suggested that lattice defects which annihilate by correlated recombination play a major role in enhancement of diffusion during gamma irradiation. They deduced the temperature and flux dependences of the process as well as the fact that it obeys first order kinetics. however, they did not make a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of the effect. Such an estimate will be described below and will indicate that the magnitude is too small for the effect of their mechanism to be observable.
ENERGY SCAVENGING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Conventional condition monitoring of electrical machinery is conducted by measuring signals such as currents and vibrations outside the motor. Wireless sensors now provide a means of accessing and measuring useful signals inside the motor where the phenomena responsible for failure occur. These sensors are capable of not merely sensing, but also processing, storage and eventually communication. Since all these activities require power that is supplied conventionally by batteries, the useful life of the sensor node is limited by the life of the battery. This paper describes the design of an energy scavenger capable of collecting energy from the fringing field in a three-phase induction motor. The field in the magnetic filed is converted to electrical energy for use in intelligent wireless sensor nodes. The alternating magnetic field in a three phase induction motor is first measured by the hall-effect sensors. A coil wound on a ferrite core harvests the leaked energy. The experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations of induced voltage. The paper describes results from tests conducted with a prototype coil that is used to power wireless sensor nodes in a motor running at full speed.
De flujos, lugares y peceras: Mutaciones y permutaciones del “cualquiera” en el 15M.

Este ensayo desarrolla un analisis y critica de diversas manifestaciones de la “tentacion consensual” del 15M tal y como se despliega en representaciones del movimiento y en el ya nutrido discurso academico en torno al mismo. Haremos particular enfasis en algunas de las contribuciones aparecidas en el dossier editado por Bryan Cameron en estas mismas paginas. La tension entre la voluntad hiper-inclusiva de interpelacion del 15M y el papel que la circulacion del antagonismo tuvo en el mismo se explora en ambitos diversos que, sin embargo, terminan resultando analogos: la interaccion entre multitud y espacio urbano, la compleja recurrencia del termino “consenso”, el uso del espacio digital como modelo politico y organizativo o la proliferacion del “rostro” ejemplar de la victima que exige la reaccion comunitaria como necesaria y universal respuesta etica. En todos estos ambitos la tentacion de lo unanime resulta ubicua. Los beneficios estrategicos de dicho discurso se contraponen a su deriva “espectacular”,...
Design and evaluation of a mass configuration protocol (MCONF) for tactical MANETs

We present and evaluate MCONF, a protocol that provides a means to successfully perform a mass configuration change in a MANET, with various modes of operation to account for different operating situations. The root node may unconditionally initiate a change or decide conditionally based on feedback from other nodes. MCONF is designed so that feedback and confirmation messages are sent back to the root node (and therefore to the network control center) in an efficient manner. MCONF does not rely on specific routing or medium access protocols, and therefore can work with a wide range of network and link layer technologies. Protocol performance is tested and validated using emulation for static and mobile topologies, several message sizes, and a range of link loss rates. Based on experimental results MCONF is found to successfully execute a mass configuration change with confirmation for 10-node MANETs with link loss rates approaching 20% and random node mobility.
Sanitary Engineering Education: Industrial Waste Engineering

Symposium on Sanitary Engineering Education. this paper covers the topic of industrial waste engineering.
Response of Highway Bridges to Renewal Traffic Loads

The response of highway bridges under the passage of vehicles is studied. The bridge is idealized as a damped linear system and a special renewal counting process is used to represent the vehicular traffic. The response of the bridge is then considered as a filtered renewal process. A method is developed to obtain, numerically, response quantities such as the probability density function and expected rate of threshold crossings. An example is given to illustrate the use of the method.
Coley Toxins — The First Century

We are pleased to be able to present this summary of the first century of Dr. Coley’s toxins prepared by Helen Coley Nauts. We believe you will agree that this is an objective scientific presentation particularly when one considers the criticism, frequently unfounded, which has been given Coley’s work in the past. Those reading this chapter and working in hyperthermia will find many parallels and similarities with their frustrations and peer criticisms as noted herein. Comparable modes of action will be found for those proposed to explain the benefits of hyperthermia. Possibly with today’s more detailed understanding of the intricate complex immune system, a logical basis can be offered for the “dramatic cures” which in themselves caused skepticism, and Coley’s results can be better understood. A study of Coley’s life’s work will lead to a better understanding of the problems, obstacles and potential solutions we have in hyperthermia and also I suspect that it will help our morale to realize that we are not the first or only ones to have criticisms heaped upon sound and meticulous work. It is gratifying that in recent years Coley is being recognized as the pioneer of cancer immunology.
Erratum to “5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cancer: Significance in diagnosis and therapy” [Cancer Genet 208 (2015):167–177]

Figure 1 in the abovementioned article was mislabeled. The figure has been corrected to show that the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and eventually to 5-carboxylcytosine is catalyzed by TET enzymes using α-Ketoglutarate and O2 as substrates and releasing Succinate and CO2 as byproducts. The corrected figure appears below. The authors apologize for any inconvenience this may cause to the readers of Cancer Genetics.
Gas-driven subcritical crack propagation during the conversion of oil to gas

In this paper, we investigate subcritical propagation of an initially oil-filled, sub-horizontal microcrack driven by the excess fluid pressure associated with the conversion of oil to gas in a petroleum source rock under continuous burial. The crack propagation distance and propagation duration (the time required for the crack to propagate during conversion of all oil to gas), as well as the excess pressure inside the crack, are determined using a finite difference scheme that couples linear elastic fracture mechanics, oil–gas transformation kinetics and an equation of state for the gas. The effects of the source-rock temperature at the initial depth of the microcrack and fracture properties of the source rock are also considered. Our numerical results show that higher burial rates significantly reduce the crack propagation duration. However, the influence of the geothermal gradient on the propagation duration and distance is only marginal. Similar to the results for the oil-driven crack propagation during kerogen–oil conversion, the duration of gas-driven crack propagation is also governed by transformation kinetics because the subcritical crack propagation rate is much faster than the oil–gas conversion rate.
Abstract 4794: An undesired effect of chemotherapy: gemcitabine promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through upregulation of CXCR4.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a therapeutic challenge with a rising incidence and unabated mortality. Gemcitabine (GEM), the current standard of care drug, is largely ineffective due to chemoresistance, thus underscoring the need for a refined understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive drug-resistant nature of this malignancy. Recently, we have shown that CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis is involved in conferring chemoresistance to PC cells. Here, we explored the effect of GEM on this resistance mechanism and its functional consequences. Our data demonstrated that GEM upregulated CXCR4 expression in two PC cell lines (MiaPaCa and Colo357) in a dose- and time- dependent manner. GEM-induced CXCR4 expression was dependent on generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as it was abrogated upon pre-treatment of PC cells with radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). CXCR4 upregulation by GEM correlated with time-dependent accumulation of p65/NF-κB and HIF-1α in the nucleus. An enhanced binding of p65/NF-κB and HIF-1α to the CXCR4 promoter was observed in chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in GEM-treated PC cells, while their silencing by RNA interference suppressed GEM-induced CXCR4 expression. ROS induction upon GEM treatment preceded the nuclear accumulation of p65/NF-κB and HIF-1α and suppression of ROS diminished these effects. Effect of ROS on p65/NF-κB and HIF-1α was mediated through activation of ERK1/2 and Akt and their pharmacological inhibition also suppressed GEM-induced CXCR4 upregulation. Lastly, our data demonstrated that GEM-treated PC cells were more motile and exhibited significantly greater invasiveness against a CXCL12 gradient. Altogether, these findings reinforces the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in GEM resistance and point toward an undesired effect of chemotherapy that is potentiation of invasion and spread of resistant tumor cells. Citation Format: Sumit Arora, Arun Bhardwaj, Seema Singh, Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Steven McClellan, William E. Grizzle, Laurie B. Owen, Ajay P. Singh. An undesired effect of chemotherapy: gemcitabine promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through upregulation of CXCR4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4794. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4794
Cloxacillin Chemoprophylaxis in the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome have an increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections. A double-blind study of the effect of cloxacillin or placebo on the incidence of bacterial infections was conducted on four of these patients. Twenty-two infections occurred, and it could not be shown that cloxacillin was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing infections. The study utilized a closed sequential scheme to evaluate the therapy; this statistical approach is of value in studies of small groups of patients.
Electronic cigarette initiation and correlates of use among never, former, and current tobacco cigarette smoking college students

Introduction. Electronic cigarette use is increasing rapidly. College students are one of the most at-risk populations for e-cigarette use, and yet this population is virtually unstudied. Method. C...
MATLAB emulation of early-late gate synchronization system

According to early-later gate synchronous technique principle, using the MATLAB emulation environment, this paper established the communication system based on early-late gate synchronous technique, simulated the generation and modulation of digit signal , the transmission of digit signal in the channel, the synchronization. The results indicate that there are lots of virtues to use this method, such as autotest synchronization, low error-rate and so on.
Masculine Discrepancy Stress, Emotion-Regulation Difficulties, and Intimate Partner Violence:

Research suggests that masculine socialization processes contribute to the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by men. Although this research has traditionally focused on men who strongly adhere to traditional gender norms, men who negatively evaluate themselves as falling short of these norms (a construct termed masculine discrepancy stress) have proven to be at increased risk of IPV perpetration. Likewise, men experiencing problems with emotion regulation, a multidimensional construct reflecting difficulties in effectively experiencing and responding to emotional states, are also at risk of IPV perpetration. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that the link between discrepancy stress and IPV perpetration is mediated via difficulties in emotion regulation. Three hundred fifty-seven men completed online surveys assessing their experience of discrepancy stress, emotion-regulation difficulties, and history of IPV perpetration. Results indicated that discrepancy-stressed men’s use o...
Using Simulation-based Energy Consumption of NIU Engineering Building to Provide Cost-Saving Solutions

In the current global situation where almost all countries need energy to perform their activities, providing energy is a vital demand for modern society. Furthermore, lack of fossil energy draws attention to the utilization of renewable energy, specifically solar energy. Because no specific published record of considering renewable energy solutions applied to the buildings of Northern Illinois University (NIU) have been found already, in this paper, solar energy as an energy solution for Northern Illinois University (NIU) Engineering Building (EB) has been considered. In this case, building envelope model and HVAC system model have been developed in eQUEST software to perform simulation-based energy consumption of EB. This simulation presents annual energy consumption of boiler, chiller plant, and daylighting in EB. Moreover, economic analysis of using solar energy for lighting has been performed to identify the feasibility and savings associated with solar energy which can potentially reduce costs with a reasonable payback time.
LIBS: a low-cost in-ear bioelectrical sensing solution for healthcare applications

Bioelectrical signals representing electrical activities of human brain, eyes, and facial muscles have found widespread use both as important inputs for critical medical issues and as an invisible communication pathway between human and external devices. However, existing techniques for measuring those biosignals require attaching electrodes on the face and do not come in handy sizes for daily usage. Additionally, no study has been capable of providing all three biosignals with high fidelity simultaneously. In this paper, we present a low-cost bioelectrical sensing system, called LIBS, that can robustly collect the biosignal of good quality from inside human ears and extract all those three fundamental biosignals without loss of information. The practicality of LIBS is shown through one real world scenario of a sleep quality monitoring system. Based on preliminary results, we further propose potential healthcare applications utilizing the sensor's outputs for our future research.
Cognitive Medium Access in WLAN Bands: A Real-Time Testbed

In this paper we present the Cognitive Medium Access Prototype (CMAP), an experimental test bed for dynamic spectrum access in WLAN bands. The prototype builds upon the Cognitive Medium Access (CMA) protocol, and ensures coexistence with the WLAN system by adhering to an interference constraint. CMAP demonstrates the feasibility of CMA's design concept, and validates model assumptions made in proposing this protocol. CMAP operates in a time-slotted fashion and performs physical-layer sensing and statistical prediction to coexist with the primary user. Its implementation is based on a general- purpose DSP/FPGA board, which allows for a flexible design. The spectrum sensor, the medium access control, and the cognitive transmitter are discussed in detail. CMAP's performance is evaluated for an experimental coexistence setup, and compared to a blind reference scheme. A significant performance gain, both in terms of increased throughput and reduced interference, is observed.