cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-F-BRF-08: Conformal Mapping-Based 3D Surface Matching and Registration

Purpose: Recently, non-rigid 3D surface matching and registration has been used extensively in engineering and medicine. However, matching 3D surfaces undergoing non-rigid deformation accurately is still a challenging mathematical problem. In this study, we present a novel algorithm to address this issue by introducing intrinsic symmetry to the registration Methods: Our computational algorithm for symmetric conformal mapping is divided into three major steps: 1) Finding the symmetric plane; 2) Finding feature points; and 3) Performing cross registration. The key strategy is to preserve the symmetry during the conformal mapping, such that the image on the parameter domain is symmetric and the area distortion factor on the parameter image is also symmetric. Several novel algorithms were developed using different conformal geometric tools. One was based on solving Riemann-Cauchy equation and the other one employed curvature flow Results: Our algorithm was implemented using generic C++ on Windows XP and used conjugate gradient search optimization for acceleration. The human face 3D surface images were acquired using a high speed 3D scanner based on the phase-shifting method. The scanning speed was 30 frames/sec. The image resolution for each frame was 640 × 480. For 3D human face surfaces with different expressions, postures, and boundaries, our algorithms were able to produce consistent result on the texture pattern on the overlapping region Conclusion: We proposed a novel algorithm to improve the robustness of conformal geometric methods by incorporating the symmetric information into the mapping process. To objectively evaluate its performance, we compared it with most existing techniques. Experimental results indicated that our method outperformed all the others in terms of robustness. The technique has a great potential in real-time patient monitoring and tracking in image-guided radiation therapy
Histochemical studies on the olfactory glomeruli of squirrel monkey.

Detailed histochemical studies on the distribution of various oxidative and dephosphorylating groups of enzymes have been made in the olfactory glomeruli of the squirrel monkey. The olfactory glomeruli showed strongly positive activity for succinic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosinetriphosphatase and simple esterase. They showed moderately positive activity for cytochrome oxidase, specific cholinesterase, 5'nucleotidase; mildly positive activity for acid phosphatase; and negligible activity for nonspecific cholinesterase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The glomeruli did not show the presence of any thiamine pyrophosphatase-positive Golgi apparatus. The blood vessels surrounding the glomeruli were strongly positive for the nonspecific cholinesterase test. The significance of these results are discussed briefly.
Energy Balance for a Direct Carbon Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

A novel fuel cell design uses porous bed electrodes. Liquid electrolyte, with fuel and oxidizer entrained, is circulated through the electrodes. An energy balance has been done for the cell and auxiliaries. The design calls for the CO-CO2 mixture leaving the anode to be burned to supply an O2 -N2 -CO2 mixture to the cathode. Two heat exchangers are employed: an air preheater cooling the exhaust and a waste heat exchanger cooling the gases entering the cathode. Results show that CO/CO2 ratio is the most important parameter for determining performance. For other conditions ideal, plant efficiency varies from ∼90% for pure CO2 to ∼20% for pure CO. If decoupled from CO/CO2 ratio, the main effect of increasing cell temperature is to increase heat transfer rate in the air preheater. This is also the main effect of increasing excess air. Decreasing internal cell efficiency lowers power output and increases waste heat rejection.© 2004 ASME
Creep Behavior and Grain-Boundary Sliding in Polycrystalline A12O3

The creep properties of polycrystalline A12O3 (grain size 14 to 65 μm) were examined under compressive stresses of between 4,000 and 18,000 psi (27.6 and 124 MPa) in the range 1600° to 1700°C. Two distinct types of behavior were observed. The creep rate of medium-grained specimens (14 to 30 μm) could be described by ασ1.2/d2 where σ is the applied stress and d is the grain size. These results are consistent with the Nabarro-Herring creep mechanism. For the coarse-grained (65 μm) specimens, the creep rate was related to the stress by ασ2.6. This behavior was not related to cracking; instead, a dislocation mechanism was thought to be rate-controlling. Considerable evidence for grain-boundary sliding was seen, and measurements showed that grain-boundary sliding contributed between 46 and 77% of the total strain in the 3 medium-grained specimens examined and between 38 and 50% in the 3 coarsegrained specimens examined.
Recognition of Age-damaged (R,S)-Adenosyl-L-methionine by Two Methyltransferases in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biological methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) can exist in two diastereoisomeric states with respect to its sulfonium ion. The S configuration, (S,S)-AdoMet, is the only form that is produced enzymatically as well as the only form used in almost all biological methylation reactions. Under physiological conditions, however, the sulfonium ion can spontaneously racemize to the R form, producing (R,S)-AdoMet. As of yet, (R,S)-AdoMet has no known physiological function and may inhibit cellular reactions. In this study, we found two Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymes that are capable of recognizing (R,S)-AdoMet and using it to methylate homocysteine to form methionine. These enzymes are the products of the SAM4 and MHT1 genes, identified previously as homocysteine methyltransferases dependent upon AdoMet and S-methylmethionine, respectively. We found here that Sam4 recognizes both (S,S)- and (R,S)-AdoMet, but that its activity is much higher with the R,S form. Mht1 reacts with only the R,S form of AdoMet, whereas no activity is seen with the S,S form. R,S-Specific homocysteine methyltransferase activity is also shown here to occur in extracts of Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, but has not been detected in several tissue extracts of Mus musculus. Such activity may function to prevent the accumulation of (R,S)-AdoMet in these organisms.
AN H‐FIELD SOLUTION FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY A CONDUCTING BODY OF REVOLUTION

The magnetic field integral equation for electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly conducting body of revolution is solved by the method of moments. A Fourier series in o is used. The t dependence of the expansion functions is subsectional. Pulses are used for the o component of the unknown electric current induced on the surface S of the body of revolution. Triangles divided by the cylindrical coordinate radius are used for the t component. Here, t and o are orthogonal coordinates on S, t being the arc length along the generating curve of S and o the azimuthal angle.
Flow-injection amperometric determination of chlorine at a gold electrode

Abstract The applied potential is +0.2 V vs. SCE, flow rate is 1 ml min −1 and sample volume is 30 μ1. The background electrolyte is 0.05 M phosphate, pH 7.4. Electrode pretreatment is +1.3 V vs. SCE for 40 s, followed by a pre-injection delay of 20 s. Peak current over a receding baseline is used. Linear range extends down to 0.4 μM for chloramine and 0.2 μM for hypochlorite. Sensitivities are 70 and 95 nA μM − respectively. Time per determination is less than 1.5 min. Monochlorinated glycine is active whereas chlorinated cyanuratesshow no response. Chlorine and monochloramine in river water were determined.
From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Virtual Community Discourse and the Dilemma of Modernity

Virtual communities are discussed as expressions of the modern tension between individuality and community, emphasizing the role that counterculture and its values played in shaping the virtual community project. This article analyzes postings to the WELL conferences and the online groups that served as incubators and testing ground for the term “virtual community,” revealing how this concept was culturally shaped by the countercultural ideals of WELL users and how the tension between individualism and communitarian ideals was dealt with. The overarching conclusion is that virtual communities act both as solvent and glue in modern society, being similar to the “small group” movement.
Editorial: Educational Philosophy and Theory: Celebrating the first 10 years

Editor's Comment: One of the functions of the journal is to develop an awareness of its own history. These papers are online‐only papers that discuss the first ten years of the journal going back to 1969. Every so often the journal publishes synoptic articles that take a broad approach to the beginning of the Society and the journal to treat major themes and topics. As one can clearly see EPAT published many of the luminaries that helped to shape the discipline.
Ethyl Pyruvate Preserves IGF-I Sensitivity toward mTOR Substrates and Protein Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes

Bacterial infection decreases skeletal muscle protein synthesis via inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulator of translation initiation. To better define the mechanism by which muscle mTOR activity is decreased, we used an in vitro model of C2C12 myotubes treated with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]and interferon (IFN)-γ to determine whether stable lipophilic pyruvate derivatives restore mTOR signaling. Myotubes treated with a combination of LPS and IFNγ down-regulated the phosphorylation of the mTOR substrates S6 kinase-1 and 4E binding protein-1. The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 was decreased, whereas phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 was enhanced; all results consistent with defects in both translation initiation and elongation. LPS/IFNγ decreased protein synthesis 60% in myotubes. Treatment with methyl or ethyl pyruvate partially protected against the LPS/IFNγ-induced fall in mTOR signaling. The protective effect of ethyl and methyl pyruvate could not be replicated by an equimolar amount of sodium pyruvate. Although LPS/IFNγ treated myotubes were initially IGF-I responsive, prolonged exposure (≥ 17 h) resulted in IGF-I resistance at the level of mTOR despite normal IGF-I receptor phosphorylation. Ethyl pyruvate treatment restored IGF-I sensitivity as evidenced by the left shift in the IGF-I dose-response curve and maintained IGF-I responsiveness for a prolonged period of time. Ethyl pyruvate also restored IGF-I-stimulated protein synthesis in LPS/IFNγ-treated myotubes. Cotreatment with N-acetyl cysteine or ascorbic acid also preserved IGF-I sensitivity and mTOR activity. The data suggest that the combination of LPS and IFNγ inhibits mTOR activity and that prolonged exposure induces IGF-I resistance in myotubes. Lipophilic pyruvate derivatives and antioxidants show promise at rescuing mTOR activity and muscle protein synthesis by maintaining IGF-I sensitivity in this model.
The Power of Play

This paper explores how peoples' play with companion dogs and cats can challenge the human–animal divide. Data from observation and interviews demonstrate how play honors animals' subjectivity and communication skills, making this everyday activity an act of individualized resistance to human disregard for non-human life. While the notion of human supremacy prevails, this paper examines how interconnection with animals becomes possible – and political – through play.
Crystal Structure of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus Carboxylesterase Est55 and Its Activation of Prodrug CPT-11

Several mammalian carboxylesterases were shown to activate the prodrug irinotecan (CPT-11) to produce 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), a topoisomerase inhibitor used in cancer therapy. However, the potential use of bacterial carboxylesterases, which have the advantage of high stability, has not been explored. We present the crystal structure of the carboxyesterase Est55 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus and evaluation of its enzyme activity on CPT-11. Crystal structures were determined at pH 6.2 and pH 6.8 and resolution of 2.0 A and 1.58 A, respectively. Est55 folds into three domains, a catalytic domain, an alpha/beta domain and a regulatory domain. The structure is in an inactive form; the side-chain of His409, one of the catalytic triad residues, is directed away from the other catalytic residues Ser194 and Glu310. Moreover, the adjacent Cys408 is triply oxidized and lies in the oxyanion hole, which would block the binding of substrate, suggesting a regulatory role. However, Cys408 is not essential for enzyme activity. Mutation of Cys408 showed that hydrophobic side-chains were favorable, while polar serine was unfavorable for enzyme activity. Est55 was shown to hydrolyze CPT-11 into the active form SN-38. The mutant C408V provided a more stable enzyme for activation of CPT-11. Therefore, engineered thermostable Est55 is a candidate for use with irinotecan in enzyme-prodrug cancer therapy.
Global cloud cover for assessment of optical satellite observation opportunities: A HyspIRI case study

Abstract The number of cloud-free views by Earth-orbiting optical remote sensing instruments must be characterized to verify that the coverage is sufficient to address a mission's science objectives. This study determines the expected cloud-free coverage for the Hyperspectral Infra-red Imager (HyspIRI) mission concept using the Terra MODIS 5 km daytime cloud mask dataset covering the period 2001–2010. The HyspIRI mission concept has two instruments: a Visible Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometer and a Thermal Infrared (TIR) multispectral imager. The VSWIR and TIR instruments have equatorial revisit times of 19 and 5 days, respectively. Using the MODIS cloud mask data, we determined the percentage of the Earth's land and shallow water regions that would have been viewable with cloud-free acquisitions for each quarter and year in 2001 through 2010. For the VSWIR, the average cloud-free coverage was 83.0% quarterly and 99.6% annually. Average TIR monthly coverage was also evaluated to be 90.7%. The standard deviations for these statistics were all less than 1.2%, and the average coverages exceed HyspIRI's quarterly and annual requirements (listed in Table 6) by over twenty standard deviations. By the central limit theorem, it follows that in a typical year, HyspIRI will meet its coverage requirements (listed in Table 6) with extremely low uncertainty, acquiring a sufficient number of scenes to enable both monthly and quarterly assessments of the vast majority of the Earth's land and shallow water. This paper includes: yearly global statistics for cloud-free MODIS observations at 5 km resolution between 2001 and 2010; a one year global map representing percent cloud-free observations between 2001 and 2010; global maps representing percent cloud-free observations between 2001 and 2010 for each quarter; maps of the predicted number of views by each HyspIRI instrument quarterly and over the course of a year; and predicted global coverage quarterly and for one year for each HyspIRI instrument, with additional monthly statistics for TIR.
Three-dimensional analysis of grain topology and interface curvature in a β-titanium alloy

While considerable efforts have been made to model the effects of grain coarsening, there has been little experimental verification of these models. Using serial sectioning techniques, the full 3-D morphology of 2098 β-titanium grains in Ti–21S are analyzed and directly compared to grain coarsening theories. The experimental grain size distribution and the distribution in the number of grain faces are shown to have a close comparison to the predictions of the steady-state size distribution from a number of simulations and analytical theories. The geometric factor of the growth rates is determined by measuring the mean curvature of the grain faces. It is found that, on average, the grains with an average of 15.5 faces have a zero integral mean curvature of the grain faces, higher than the predicted value of 13.4 faces. This difference is suggested to be due to the non-random nearest-neighbor effects within the grain network.
Structural budget deficits: Concepts and facts

Enormous budget deficits in the American government have been persistent despite continuing economic expansion. The nation is now facing a so called structural budget deficit –hat persists despite the business cycle of the economy. This article sets forth a definition of structural budget deficits, traces the trends of cyclical and structural deficits, analyzes the patterns of revenues and public expenditures, and discusses the implication of deficits in light of federal financial liabilities and obligations.
Optical systems for high-luminance LC rear projection

— A front projector and rear-projection TV's for home entertainment have been brought to market at affordable prices by virtue of a mosaic color-filterless single-LCD projection system with tilted dichroic mirrors and microlens array. In this paper, the optical throughput of LC projectors is discussed with respect to spectral domain and “geometrical extend,” which is the product of display area and acceptance angle of the optical system including LCD(s).
Laser And Millimeter-Wave Backscatter Of Transmission Cables

Radar cross sections (RCS) of power line cables were calculated and measured at four mm-wave frequencies (18, 34, 56, and 94 GHz) and two laser wavelengths (10.6 and 1.06 pm) as a function of aspect angle. Three polarizations were considered: horizontal (HH), vertical (VV), and cross polarization (HV). Dry and wet cable conditions were simulated, and differing roughnesses were considered. The calculated and measured results are presented in this paper.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
COMPARATIVE DYNAMICS AND OPTIMAL FISCAL POLICY IN A SIMPLE MODEL OF ENDOGENOUS GROWTH

I analyze optimal fiscal policy choices in a continuous time endogenous growth model similar to Barro’s. The government uses income taxes from representative ‘rich’ and ‘poor’ households to finance purchases of productive goods and to make transfer payments to poor households. Increases in government purchases can increase the growth rate, while increases in transfers reduce growth. I examine the socially optimal allocation of government resources to purchases and transfer payments and describe conditions under which both the rich and poor would benefit from cuts in entitlements if the savings are used to finance increased government purchases of productive goods.
A men goodness-of-fit test for the two-parameter wetbull or extreme-value distribution with unknown parameters

A new test of fit to the two-parameter Weibull or extreme-value distribution with unknown parameters is developed in this paper. This test is known to have desirable power properties, relative to analogues of certain "classical" tests, against two important classes of alternatives. The test statistic is easy to calculate and can be used for censored samples. Percentage points and certain expected values which are needed to implement the test are provided for sampies of size n = 3(1)25. the closeness of these cercentage points, aven for small n, to Beta pertentage points and the existence of tables of the needed expected values for n = 1(1) 60(5)100 make it possible to use the test in the range 25 < n lt; 1as well
The DEAD Box Protein eIF4A. 2. A Cycle of Nucleotide and RNA-Dependent Conformational Changes†

Limited proteolysis experiments have been carried out with the DEAD box protein eIF4A. The results suggest that there is a substantial conformational change in eIF4A upon binding single-stranded RNA. Binding of ADP induces conformational changes in the free enzyme and the enzyme·RNA complex, and binding of the ATP analogue AMP−PNP induces a conformational change in the enzyme·RNA complex. The presence or absence of the γ-phosphate on the bound nucleotide acts as a switch, presumably via the Walker motifs, that mediates changes in protein conformation and, as described in the preceding paper in this issue, also mediates changes in RNA affinity. Thus, these results suggest that there is a series of changes in conformation and substrate affinity throughout the ATP hydrolysis reaction cycle. A model is proposed in which eIF4A and the eIF4A-like domains of the DEAD box proteins act as ATP-driven conformational switches or motors that produce movements or structural rearrangements of attached protein domains or...
Is worker repression risky? Foreign direct investment, labour rights and assessments of risk in developing countries

ABSTRACT Quantitative assessments of ‘country risk’ produced by private rating agencies have become influential among multinational firms considering investment in the developing world. This article considers whether developing countries exhibiting more labour rights violations are associated with higher risk ratings. It draws from existing literature on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the relationship between labour rights and FDI to illuminate the ways in which labour repression may indicate increased risk for potential investors. It implements a set of time series of cross-sections models for 95 developing countries, from 1985 to 2003. These models present predictors of a long-established risk index, plus an additional latent risk measure created through factor analysis of three separate and distinct risk ratings. Results indicate a consistent association between increased labour rights violations and increased risk ratings. The article extends the analysis to highlight the hete...
Mechatronics Considerations for Assisting Humans

Mechatronics technologies are now steadily penetrating in our daily lives. We are surrounded by mechatronic products and interact with them in many ways. In particular, mechatronics devices may potentially improve the quality of life of elderly people and patients with impairments. In this talk, several key technologies that we have developed for assisting such people in walking are introduced. These technologies include sensing technologies for identifying the intent of human, decision making algorithms to decide the right amount of assistance to the human and actuation technologies to provide forces and torques to selected human joints. In the design of mechatronic devices interacting with humans, the dynamics of human is an important element and the compatibility between machine and human must be optimized. If the device is interacting with normal and healthy humans, the design may take advantages of robust and intelligent controllability of a human. In case of assistive devices for elderly and people with impairments, such approaches will not be appropriate, and the controller is required to be predictable, precise, robust and intelligent. It is desired to have zero impedance for actuators to realize an ideal force mode actuation. Otherwise, a human will have to make additional efforts to overcome the undesirable resistance. We will present how the Flexible Joint Actuators (FJA) may be controlled to act as a zero impedance actuator. Also, the assistive systems require a means for detecting human intention and monitoring the current status of health or safety. Various sensortechnologies are available for this purpose, e.g. EMG sensors, joint angle sensors and so on. For patients and elderly people, however, it is desired that sensors are easy to use and yet reliable and capable to generate relevant information. We will present the idea of smart shoes, which measure the distribution of foot pressures for robust estimation of phases in a human gait and detection of abnormalities. Based on the estimated phase, the control algorithm is adapted for most effective assistance of the user. This talk is based on research by Kyoungchul Kong and Joonbum Bae.
Creatine kinase elevation associated with bipolar disorder and ephedrine abuse.

Received September 6, 2005; revised June 6, 2006; accepted July 6, 2006. From the Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Send correspondence and reprint requests to Lonnie A. Berg, M.D., Dept. of Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905. e-mail: berg.lonnie@mayo.edu 2007 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Substance abuse is commonly associated with bipolar disorder. Implicated substances often include drugs of abuse detected on routine toxicology screens. Creatine kinase (CK) elevations have been associated with medications; injury; disease; and psychotic states, including mania. We present the case of a bipolar-disorder patient with chronically elevated creatine kinase and a known history of substance abuse.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Dilatation, Similar to Left Ventricular Changes, Characterize the Cardiac Depression of Septic Shock in Humans

Septic shock in humans is usually characterized by a high cardiac output, a low systemic vascular resistance, reversible depression of left ventricular ejection fraction, and transient left ventricular dilatation. The relationship of left ventricular to right ventricular function in septic shock is poorly understood. To evaluate right ventricular vs left ventricular performance and to evaluate the relation of biventricular performance to survival, we performed serial hemodynamic and radionuclide angiographic studies in 39 patients with septic shock. Right ventricular ejection fraction was calculated using the two regions of interest method. There were 22 survivors and 17 nonsurvivors. Comparing initial with final (after recovery for survivors; within 24 hours of death for nonsurvivors) studies, each survivor's cardiovascular performance returned toward normal, with significant increases in mean arterial pressure, left and right ventricular ejection fraction, and right ventricular stroke work index. Their profiles also demonstrated significant decreases in central venous pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure, and left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume indices. From initial to final study in the nonsurvivors, there was a statistically significant increase in heart rate but no change in any other cardiovascular parameter, indicating a persistence of the initial cardiovascular dysfunction until death. Comparing serial studies, the pattern of change in right vs left ventricular function was very similar (same direction in 82 percent of patients). Thus, myocardial depression in human septic shock affects both ventricles simultaneously with a similar pattern of dysfunction. (Chest 1990; 97:126-31)
Non-neoplastic Soft Tissue Masses That Mimic Sarcoma

Non-neoplastic soft tissue masses may mimic soft tissue sarcoma in a wide variety of clinical settings. Systematic and thorough review of patient history, physical examination, imaging, laboratory results, and biopsy will allow the clinician to differentiate between the two in most cases. We describe several common non-neoplastic entities that may mimic soft tissue sarcoma in case presentation format along with the characteristics that help distinguish them.
Ultrafiltration for acute decompensated heart failure: has its time come?

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization and readmission in many hospitals worldwide. The increase in the prevalence of HF represents an enormous burden to our healthcare system a...
Immunocytology on microwave-fixed cells reveals rapid and agonist-specific changes in subcellular accumulation patterns for cAMP or cGMP.

Abstract We developed a method for cAMP and cGMP immunocytology based upon fixation by microwave irradiation. Fixation by microwave irradiation prevented three problems found with other fixation methods: nucleotide loss from cells, nucleotide diffusion within cells, and chemical modification of immunologic epitopes. Six agonists (four that stimulate adenylate cyclase and two that stimulate guanylate cyclase) produced cAMP or cGMP accumulation patterns that were agonist-specific, dose-dependent, detectable at physiologic concentrations of hormone, and time-dependent within 15 sec to 30 min. cAMP accumulation after 1 mM forskolin was greatest in the nucleus. Isoproterenol, prostaglandin E2, or calcitonin caused initial accumulation of cAMP along the plasma membrane, but later accumulation was greater in the cytoplasm. With calcitonin the later accumulation of cAMP was selectively perinuclear and along the nuclear membrane. Sodium nitroprusside stimulated cGMP accumulation diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Atrial natriuretic peptide initiated cGMP accumulation near the plasma membrane, and cGMP accumulation moved from there into the cytoplasm. In conclusion, microwave irradiation preserved cell structure and allowed visualization of expected as well as unsuspected changes in intracellular accumulation patterns of cAMP and cGMP.
CATALYTIC C-H BOND FUNCTIONALIZATION : SYNTHESIS OF ARYLSILANES BY DEHYDROGENATIVE TRANSFER COUPLING OF ARENES AND TRIETHYLSILANE

A new catalytic route for the formation of arene−silicon bonds based on the transfer dehydrogenative coupling of triethylsilane with an arene (Ar−X: X = −CF3, −F, −H, −CH3, −Cl, −Br) in the presence of 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene (tBu-ethylene) is reported. Rhodium and ruthenium catalysts (η5-C5Me5)Rh(H)2(SiEt3)2 and (η6-arene)Ru(H)2(SiEt3)2 and their corresponding dimeric chloride precursors not only catalyze the coupling of Et3SiH with an arene but additionally promote the dimerization of Et3SiH producing a carbosilane, Et3Si−CHMe−SiEt2H.
Improving the Outcomes of Metabolic Conditions: Managing Momentum To Overcome Clinical Inertia

Clinical trials have shown that better control of glycemia, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level leads to better outcomes of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Guide...
Benign osteoblastoma of the mandible: Fifteen year follow-up showing spontaneous regression after biopsy

Abstract This paper presents a case of benign osteoblastoma that showed regression during a long-term follow-up, and illustrates that the course of any disease in any instance is not always predictable with certainty.
Initial frictional behavior during the wear of steel, aluminum and poly(methyl methacrylate) on abrasive papers

Abstract A series of experiments were conducted to investigate and model the friction break-in behavior for unlubricated reciprocating sliding of AISI 52100 steel, 2014-T4 aluminum, and poly(methyl methacrylate) on metallographic polishing papers. A ball-on-flat arrangement was used. Two representations of an analytical model were used, one of which had the capability to account for longer term friction transitions due to paper loading. Basic shapes of friction vs . cycle number curves were similar; however, the poly-(methyl methacrylate) and aluminum had larger changes during break-in and displayed longer term effects of paper loading.
Coating of VEGF-releasing scaffolds with bioactive glass for angiogenesis and bone regeneration

Bioactive glasses are potentially useful as bone defect fillers, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has demonstrated benefit in bone regeneration as well. We hypothesized that the specific combination of prolonged localized VEGF presentation from a matrix coated with a bioactive glass may enhance bone regeneration. To test this hypothesis, the capacity of VEGF-releasing polymeric scaffolds with a bioactive glass coating was examined in vitro and in vivo using a rat critical-sized defect model. In the presence of a bioactive glass coating, we did not detect pronounced differences in the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. However, we observed significantly enhanced mitogenic stimulation of endothelial cells in the presence of the bioactive glass coating, with an additive effect with VEGF release. This trend was maintained in vivo, where coated VEGF-releasing scaffolds demonstrated significant improvements in blood vessel density at 2 weeks versus coated control scaffolds. At 12 weeks, bone mineral density was significantly increased in coated VEGF-releasing scaffolds versus coated controls, while only a slight increase in bone volume fraction was observed. The results of this study suggest that a bioactive glass coating on a polymeric substrate participates in bone healing through indirect processes which enhance angiogenesis and bone maturation and not directly on osteoprogenitor differentiation and bone formation. The mass of bioactive glass used in this study provides a comparable and potentially additive, response to localized VEGF delivery over early time points. These studies demonstrate a materials approach to achieve an angiogenic response formerly limited to the delivery of inductive growth factors.
Electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of sleep in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis Hallowell.

Abstract 1. 1. The circadian behavior of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis , was investigated on the basis of behavioral observation and electrophysiological recording. 2. 2. D. dorsalis adequately complies with accepted criteria for both behavioral sleep and paradoxical sleep. At 20°C, 12% of the photophase is spent in sleep, 95% of the scotophase is spent in sleep. 3. 3. Paradoxical sleep occurs at all times of the year, but only at temperatures of 20 and 30°C. 4. 4. Amounts of behavioral sleep are affected by both temperature and time of year. Total sleep increases with decreased day length and decreased temperature. 5. 5. Daytime sleep increases with decreased temperature.
Rovibrational state distributions for H2 photoeliminated from 1,3-butadiene. Evidence for a symmetric transition state

Abstract The rovibrational distributions of H 2 photoeliminated from 1,3-butadiene upon excitation at 212.8 nm have been measured via 1 + 1 resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization. The measured rotational distributions are in reasonable agreement with a prior distribution, while the experimental vibrational distribution is substantially hotter than the prior. These results indicate that the photoelimination occurs via a concerted mechanism through a symmetric transition state in which the HH distance is greater than the equilibrium H 2 value.
Modulation of the baboon (Papio anubis) uterine endometrium by chorionic gonadotrophin during the period of uterine receptivity

This study was undertaken to determine the modulation of uterine function by chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) in a nonhuman primate. Infusion of recombinant human CG (hCG) between days 6 and 10 post ovulation initiated the endoreplication of the uterine surface epithelium to form distinct epithelial plaques. These plaque cells stained intensely for cytokeratin and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The stromal fibroblasts below the epithelial plaques stained positively for α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Expression of αSMA is associated with the initiation of decidualization in the baboon endometrium. Synthesis of the glandular secretory protein glycodelin, as assessed by Western blot analysis, was markedly up-regulated by hCG, and this increase was confirmed by immunocytochemistry, Northern blot analysis, and reverse transcriptase-PCR. To determine whether hCG directly modulated these uterine responses, we treated ovariectomized baboons sequentially with estradiol and progesterone to mimic the hormonal profile of the normal menstrual cycle. Infusion of hCG into the oviduct of steroid-hormone-treated ovariectomized baboons induced the expression of αSMA in the stromal cells and glycodelin in the glandular epithelium. The epithelial plaque reaction, however, was not readily evident. These studies demonstrate a physiological effect of CG on the uterine endometrium in vivo and suggest that the primate blastocyst signal, like the blastocyst signals of other species, modulates the uterine environment prior to implantation.
The Examination of Works of Art using in Situ XRF Line and Area Scans

Spatially resolved element distributions generated by in situ X-ray fluorescence (XRF) line and area scans are shown to provide information about works of art which may not be obtainable from single spot spectra. In addition to generating visually powerful element maps and line profiles, this method also generates a spectrum at each image point, and this large data set is available for additional analysis. When generating line and area scans in the study of works of art, the collection parameters—including X-ray tube choice, spot size, step size, and scan time—must be optimized not only to produce the best signal, but also to perform the analysis within constraints imposed to ensure the security or safety of the object. Examples of the application of this method to several classes of works of art are presented, including illuminated manuscripts, paintings, bronze sculpture, and glazed ceramics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracheal fluid leakage in benchtop trials: comparison of static versus dynamic ventilation model with and without lubrication

Purpose Longitudinal folds in tracheal tube (TT) cuffs cause leakage of pooled secretions past the tube cuff, and the most common in vitro method to test the efficacy of a new tube is a benchtop model using an artificial rigid trachea. This study compared the potential of a static and dynamic ventilation benchtop model and cuff lubrication in testing the tracheal sealing properties of a given TT cuff.
Inhibition of azoreductase activity by antibodies against cytochromes P-450 and P-448.

Abstract Hepatic microsomal azoreductase activity in mice was induced with phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). Antibodies against cytochrome P-450 inhibited azoreductase activity of PB-treated animals while antibodies against cytochrome P-448 inhibited liver azoreductase activity of 3-MC-treated animals, each by about 90%. These antibodies also inhibited microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity to the same extent. It is concluded that hepatic microsomal azoreductase activity is almost totally dependent on cytochromes P-450 and P-448 and the contribution, if any, of other microsomal components is negligible.
Young children's processing of asymmetrical and symmetrical patterns.

Abstract Dot patterns varying in type of symmetry (double symmetry, vertical symmetry, horizontal symmetry, and asymmetry) were presented tachistoscopically for 200 msec, followed by a patterned mask, to kindergarten, second-grade, and fourthgrade children. All subjects reported symmetrical patterns more accurately than asymmetrical patterns. Double symmetry patterns were reproduced more accurately than vertical symmetry patterns, and vertical symmetry patterns were reproduced more accurately than horizontal symmetry patterns. These results stand in marked contrast to previous research by demonstrating that the ability to process symmetrical relationships evolves early in perceptual development. There was a suggestion that subjects of all ages perceived information about the type of symmetry presented in the display, but there were agerelated differences in subjects' abilities to use this knowledge in constructing their responses. Additionally, analyses revealed no age-related biases toward imposing symmetrical responses on asymmetrical patterns.
Uptake of methylmercury in the rat brain: effects of amino acids.

Aspects of the regulation of methylmercury (MeHg) transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were investigated in the in vivo Long-Evans female rat. Fifteen s after intracarotid injection, brain203Hg concentration was significantly increased in animals injected with 0.05 mM [203Hg]MeHgCl plus 0.1 mMl-cysteine compared with controls (P < 0.05). Thisl-cysteine-enhanced203Hg brain uptake was abolished by coinjections of [203Hg]MeHgCl with 0.1 mMl-cysteine-l-methionine, or 0.1 mMl-cysteine plus AT-125 (α S, 5S-α-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazolacetic acid), an irreversible inhibitor of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Coinjections of rats with [203Hg]MeHgCl and 0.1 mMd-cysteine did not result in an increase in the rate of203Hg uptake compared with controls. Furthermore, [203Hg]MeHg uptake at 15 s after intracarotid injections in the rat was stereospecific to the neutral amino acid carrier, as203Hg uptake across the BBB was not inhibited by coinjections of [203Hg]MeHgCl with aspartic acid, an acidic amino acid. These results indicate the presence in brain capillaries of a transport system capable of selectively mediating MeHg uptake across the brain capillary endothelial cell membrane.
Breast Cancer Prevention Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among College Women and Mother–Daughter Communication

Although breast cancer prevention targets mostly women ages 40 and older, little is known about breast cancer prevention for young women and mother’s advice. The purpose of this study was to examine breast cancer prevention knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among college women and mother–daughter communication. Hispanic and non-Hispanic students at a southwestern university completed a breast cancer prevention survey with items for mother’s advice, breast self-awareness and risk reduction knowledge, self-efficacy, susceptibility, family history, provider breast self-exam (BSE) recommendation, peer norms, BSE practice, and demographics. An openended item was also used to elicit types of mother’s advice. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors for receiving mother’s advice for breast cancer prevention and BSE practice. Self-reported data using a survey were obtained from 546 college women with a mean age of 23.3 (SD = 7.75). Nearly 36 % received mothers’ advice and 55 % conducted BSE. Predictors for receiving mother’s advice were age, self-efficacy, and family history of breast cancer. Predictors for BSE practice were mother’s advice, age, self-efficacy, and provider BSE recommendation. Family history of breast cancer and knowledge were not significant predictors for BSE practice. Findings support the need for clinicians, community health educators, and mothers to provide breast cancer prevention education targeting college women.
Dissociation and IVR pathways for the CF 3 H(H 2 O) 3 cluster

Classical trajectory simulations are used to study the intramolecular dynamics of isolated CF3H and the CF3H(H2O)3 cluster, by either exciting the CH stretch local mode to then=6 level or by adding an equivalent amount of energy to an OH stretch normal mode. Energy transfer from the CH local mode is statistically the same for CF3H(H2O)3 as for isolated CF3H, and agrees with previous experimental studies. Clusters excited with 6 quanta in the CH local mode are remarkably stable. Though the CF3H-(H2O)3 intermolecular potential is only 1.5 kcal/mol, only 1 of 26 clusters excited with 6 quanta in the CH local mode dissociate within 10 ps. The absorption linewidth for the CH local mode in CF3H(H2O)3 is related to IVR within CF3H and not to the unimolecular lifetime of the cluster. When an OH stretch normal mode of the cluster is excited, energy transfer to CF3H is negligible and nearly one half of the clusters dissociate within 10 ps.
An ENDOR study of carotenoid cation radicals on silica—alumina solid supports

Abstract The cation radicals of canthaxanthin, β-caroten and 8′-apo-β-caroten-8′-al were chemically prepared on activated silica—alumina solid supports. An ENDOR study of these cation radicals revealed the hyperfine coupling constants of the methyl protons and indicated a carotenoid-dependent orientation of the cation radicals bound to the solid support. The Lewis acidic sites of the solid support appear to be responsible for the chemical formation of the cation radicals and the Bronsted acidic sites are responsible for the stability of the cation radical produced on the support.
Critical conditions and composite Froude numbers for layered flow with transverse variations in velocity

A condition is derived for the hydraulic criticality of a 2-layer flow with transverse variations in both layer velocities and thicknesses. The condition can be expressed in terms of a generalized composite Froude number. The derivation can be extended in order to obtain a critical condition for an N-layer system. The results apply to inviscid flows subject to the usual hydraulic approximation of gradual variations along the channel and is restricted to flows in which the velocity remains single-signed within any given layer. For an intermediate layer with a partial segment of sluggish flow, the long-wave dynamics of the overlying and underlying layers become decoupled.
Fast extraction of frequency dependent parameters of multiconductor transmission lines using hybrid method based Coifman wavelets

In this paper, we present a hybrid technique for calculation of frequency-dependent resistance and inductance with method of moments based on Coifman wavelets. The hybrid method combines a cross-section coupled circuit method with a surface integral equation approach. A coupled integral equation is then derived to relate these quantities through the diffusion equation inside the conductors and Laplace's equation outside. The method of moments is used to solve the integral equation. Instead of normal pulse basis, we use Coifman wavelets as expansion and testing functions. By using the one point quadrature technique, the computational time can be reduced greatly while maintaining the accuracy of same level.
Opti-Acoustic Stereo Imaging, System Calibration and 3-D Reconstruction

Utilization of an acoustic camera for range measurements is a key advantage for 3-D shape recovery of underwater targets by opti-acoustic stereo imaging, where the associated epipolar geometry of optical and acoustic image correspondences can be described in terms of conic sections. In this paper, we propose methods for system calibration and 3-D scene reconstruction by maximum likelihood estimation from noisy image measurements. The recursive 3-D reconstruction method utilized as initial condition a closed-form solution that integrates the advantages of so-called range and azimuth solutions. Synthetic data tests are given to provide insight into the merits of the new target imaging and 3-D reconstruction paradigm, while experiments with real data confirm the findings based on computer simulations, and demonstrate the merits of this novel 3-D reconstruction paradigm.