cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, an intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid.

The new microbial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PR3) has been reported to produce from oleic acid a new compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), with 10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (HOD) being a probable intermediate. The production of DOD involves the introduction of two hydroxyl groups at carbon numbers 7 and 10, and a rearrangement of the double bond from carbons 9-10 to 8-9. It has been shown that the 8-9 unsaturation of HOD was possibly in the cis configuration. Now we report that the rearranged double bond of HOD is trans rather than cis, as determined by spectral data. Also, it was found that the 10-hydroxyl was in the S-configuration as determined by gas chromatographic separation of R- and S-isomers after preparation of the (-)-menthoxycarbonyl derivative of the hydroxyl group followed by oxidative cleavage of the double bond and methyl esterification. This latter result coincides with our recent finding that the main final product, DOD, is in the 7(S), 10(S)-dihydroxy configuration. In addition, a minor isomer of HOD (about 3 %) with the 10(R)-hydroxyl configuration was also detected. From the data obtained herein, we concluded that 10(S)-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid is the probable intermediate in the bioconversion of oleic acid to 7(S), 10(S)-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid by PR3.
Suspected case of COVID-19-associated pancreatitis in a child

The world has been challenged by SARS CoV-2, a new virus causing pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with common symptoms of COVID-19 in pediatric patients including both respiratory and GI symptoms. There is a lack of literature implicating COVID-19 in pancreatitis, yet viruses are generally understood to be a cause of pancreatitis in children. We present a case of a previously well 7-year-old girl, who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and anorexia. She was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis with an abnormal lipase, ultrasound, and computed tomography, and was found to be COVID-19 positive by polymerase chain reaction. Our case suggests that, in the current pandemic, consideration for SARS CoV-2 testing in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and pancreatitis may be considered. Additionally, this case highlights the need for appropriate personal protective equipment for providers, even when COVID is not initially on the differential.
Common genomic regions underlie natural variation in diverse toxin responses

Phenotypic complexity is caused by the contributions of environmental factors and multiple genetic loci, interacting or acting independently. Studies of yeast and Arabidopsis found that the majority of natural variation across phenotypes is attributable to independent additive quantitative trait loci (QTL). Detected loci in these organisms explain most of the estimated heritable variation. By contrast, many heritable components underlying phenotypic variation in metazoan models remain undetected. Before the relative impacts of additive and interactive variance components on metazoan phenotypic variation can be dissected, high replication and precise phenotypic measurements are required to obtain sufficient statistical power to detect loci contributing to this missing heritability. Here, we used a panel of 296 recombinant inbred advanced intercross lines of Caenorhabditis elegans and a high-throughput fitness assay to detect loci underlying responses to 16 different toxins, including heavy metals, chemotherapeutic drugs, pesticides, and neuropharmaceuticals. Using linkage mapping, we identified 82 QTL that underlie variation in responses to these toxins and predicted the relative contributions of additive loci and genetic interactions across various growth parameters. Additionally, we identified three genomic regions that impact responses to multiple classes of toxins. These QTL hotspots could represent common factors impacting toxin responses. We went further to generate near-isogenic lines and chromosome-substitution strains and then experimentally validated these QTL hotspots, implicating additive and interactive loci that underlie toxin-response variation.
‘The Concept of Critique’: Between Early German Romanticism and Early Critical Theory

This chapter focuses especially on the meaning of the notion of critique in early critical theory, and its origin in early German Romanticism. What does it mean to be critical? What lessons does early German Romanticism have for early critical theory? How do the early German Romantics and the critical theorists understand art criticism? And what deeper philosophical implications about the nature of knowledge and political critique can we glean from this philosophy of art criticism? These themes make up the center of Benjamin’s treatment of early German Romanticism, but they also stand at the very center of Benjamin’s own philosophical project, and of the common interests that tie Benjamin to critical theory in general, and this set of issues is examined in this chapter.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes among incarcerated women who gave birth in custody.

Background In the United States, the population of incarcerated women has increased by more than 600% since the 1980s. With this rise, correctional facilities have faced new challenges meeting the health care needs of women, especially those who are pregnant. This retrospective cohort study sought to describe five indicators of maternal and neonatal health among women who gave birth in custody, and to compare outcomes among incarcerated women who did and did not receive enhanced pregnancy support. Methods We used deidentified electronic health records (EHRs) to examine maternal and neonatal birth outcomes (ie, mode of birth, low birthweight, preterm birth, APGAR score, NICU admission) among women who gave birth in custody. Regression models examined differences in outcomes between women who received enhanced pregnancy support-group prenatal education and one-on-one doula visits-and a historical control group of women who received standard prenatal care. Results Adverse maternal and neonatal birth outcomes in this sample were rare. No differences in outcomes were found between incarcerated women who received enhanced pregnancy support and the historical control group. Conclusions Despite evidence for the benefits of enhanced pregnancy support in the general population, this study did not find differences in outcomes between incarcerated women who did and did not receive support. Integrated data from prison and hospital records are innovative, but effect measurement is limited by sample size. Future research should include primary data collection on maternal, neonatal, and dyadic outcomes longitudinally and across prisons.
Trigeminal Nerve Microreconstructive Surgery Using the Great Auricular Nerve Transfer Technique

SUMMARY The great auricular nerve transfer and sharing technique has been used successfully over the last 7 years to reconstruct seven inferior alveolar nerves and one lingual nerve. This technique is indicated when the proximal nerve trunk is inaccessible for repair and in instances of persistent dysesthesia following microreconstructive nerve repair.
The Practical Use of Social Vulnerability Indicators in Disaster Management

Abstract As climate change focuses more frequent and intense disasters on vulnerable communities across the globe, mitigation and response resources need to be allocated more efficiently and equitably. Vulnerability assessments require time, skill, and cost money. In the United States (US), these assessments are mandated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to qualify for federal funding. However, new trends in the literature clearly question their practical value. This study begins with a focused literature review which demonstrates that popular social vulnerability indices that create a single vulnerability score can diminish the significance of a lone variable, overlook the relevancy of all interconnected variables, and can result in contradictory policy recommendations. Next, existing case studies that used popular vulnerability assessment frameworks were compared to maps generated of the same study area that employed the single variable of poverty. These case study comparisons demonstrated how considering this greatest common variable among different vulnerable groups can often - quickly, efficiently, and inexpensively - reveal close to the same county and sub-county level community vulnerabilities detailed in costly assessments. Finally, a national survey of emergency managers was conducted to determine how much current social vulnerability indices were actually governing the ongoing distribution of resources to the communities being served. Results indicate that, while these indicator models may be underused nationally, those who do find them effective tend to be from higher income areas. This study questions the practical value of these indices for emergency management practice in the US and for meeting the goals of the Sendai Framework and other compacts.
Visualizing Reading Practices in the Late Middle Ages: Images in a Book of Hours Held at Memorial University

This article studies the images and the Latin and French texts in a Book of Hours of Premonstratensian Use held at Memorial University Libraries. While the Annunciation scene in Books of Hours has ...
Differences in bingeing behavior and cocaine reward following intermittent access to sucrose, glucose or fructose solutions

Abstract Daily intermittent access to sugar solutions results in intense bouts of sugar intake (i.e. bingeing) in rats. Bingeing on sucrose, a disaccharide of glucose and fructose, has been associated with a “primed” mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway. Recent studies suggest glucose and fructose engage brain reward and energy-sensing mechanisms in opposing ways and may drive sucrose intake through unique neuronal circuits. Here, we examined in male Sprague–Dawley rats whether or not (1) intermittent access to isocaloric solutions of sucrose, glucose or fructose results in distinctive sugar-bingeing profiles and (2) previous sugar bingeing alters cocaine locomotor activation and/or reward, as determined by conditioned place preference (CPP). To encourage bingeing, rats were given 24-h access to water and 12-h-intermittent access to chow plus an intermittent bottle that contained water (control) or 8% solutions of sucrose, glucose or fructose for 9 days, followed by ad libitum chow diet and a 10-day cocaine (15 mg/kg; i.p.) CPP paradigm. By day 4 of the sugar-bingeing diet, sugar bingeing in the fructose group surpassed the glucose group, with the sucrose group being intermediate. All three sugar groups had similar chow and water intake throughout the diet. In contrast, controls exhibited chow bingeing by day 5 without altering water intake. Similar magnitudes of cocaine CPP were observed in rats with a history of sucrose, fructose or chow (control) bingeing. Notably, the glucose-bingeing rats did not demonstrate a significant cocaine CPP despite showing similar cocaine-induced locomotor activity as the other diet groups. Overall, these results show that fructose and glucose, the monosaccharide components of sucrose, produce divergent degrees of bingeing and cocaine reward.
Consistent Semantics for a Data Flow Language

We have defined ADFL, an Applicative Data Flow Language, given its denotational semantics, thus demonstrating its simplicity, given its operational semantics, thus demonstrating its concurrency, and proven the consistency of the two semantic definitions.
The GovStat Statistical Interactive Glossary (SIG)

The websites of U. S. statistical agencies provide statistical information on a wide range of American life, ranging from unemployment to crop prices to birth rates. Like other complex information resources, they are not always easy to use, especially for inexperienced or nonexpert users. One of the problems that people have in using statistical information is that the level of statistical knowledge (also known as statistical literacy) in the general population is low. People's lack of statistical knowledge is a barrier to many important tasks: searching for information, deciding which of several kinds of statistics they need, understanding the meaning of table, row, and column titles, understanding what a specific number means, interpreting the meaning of a time series, and so on.
Triangle Graphs and Their Coloring

In this paper, we present results on two subclasses of trapezoid graphs, including simple trapezoid graphs and triangle graphs (also known as PI graph in [3]). Simple trapezoid graphs and triangle graphs are proper subclasses of trapezoid graphs [5, 3]. Here we show that simple trapezoid graphs and triangle graphs are also two distinct subclasses of trapezoid graphs.
An Interactive Design Environment for C-based High-Level Synthesis

Much effort in RTL design has been devoted to developing “push-button” types of tools. However, given the highly complex nature, and lack of control on RTL design, push-button types of synthesis is not accepted by most designers. Interactive design space exploration with assistance of tools and algorithms can be more effective because it provides control of all steps of synthesis. In this paper, we propose an interactive RTL design environment, which enables designers to control design steps. In our interactive environment, the user can control the design process at every stage, observe the effects of design decisions, and manually override synthesis decisions at will. Finally, we present a set of experimental results that demonstrate the benefits of our approach. Our combination of automated tools and interactive control by the designer results in quickly generated RTL designs with better performance than fully-automatic results, comparable to fully manually optimized designs.
A STRATEGIC SANCTUARY

In 1908, twenty years after the French press in Pondicherry had celebrated the enthusiasm displayed by Indians at its first Bastille Day celebration, ‘countless coolies’ were seen ‘unloading a consignment of Liverpool salt’ from a foreign vessel whose cargo contained ‘the bleeding head of a cow and the gory feet of an ox’. The coolies in question were clay models in what was branded a ‘seditious’exhibition in the French territory of Chandernagore. Twenty-six years later, when activists in Pondicherry were agitating for the reform of its obsolete and inherently racist electoral list, M. K. Gandhi toured Pondicherry and publicly exhorted Indians to embrace France's fine legacy of liberty, equality and fraternity. Taking these counter-narratives as a point of departure, this essay examines the tensions between French imaginings of Pondicherry as revealed in the colonial archive and the perceptions of those Indian inhabitants who, in the words of one petitioner, were tired of Pondicherry being treated as a ‘b...
Decomposition of Thiazolidines in Acidic and Basic Solution. Spectroscopic Evidence for Schiff Base Intermediates

Abstract Stability of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids and chain tautomerism are studied in acidic, basic and neutral solution. In acidic solution aliphatic substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids are stable, but aromatic substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids decompose to the mercaptal if there is not steric inhibition. Mercaptal formation establishes the presence of tautomerism because it is the only pathway through which thiol can be provided for in the reaction. It is suggested that this reaction may proceed through a sulfonium ion intermediate. In neutral solution aliphatic substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids are stable. In strongly basic solution both aromatic and aliphatic substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids decompose to the aldehyde and the aminothiol. By adjusting the base concentration, the intermediate imine is detected by α-hydrogen exchange for aliphatic systems and by line broadening or direct NMR observation of the ArCH=N proton resonance in aromatic systems.
An Economic Analysis of Rights of First Refusal

A right of first refusal requires the owner of a property to offer the property to the rightholder on the same terms as those offered by that third party before the owner can sell the property to a third party. A right of first offer requires the owner of a property to let the rightholder make an offer to purchase the subject property; if the owner rejects that offer, the owner can sell the property to a third party only at a price above the one offered by the rightholder. This paper models the value of such first purchase rights at the time of their potential exercise. Modeling this ex post value is important since: the factors that determine the ex post value of first purchase rights also affect how much one should pay or accept for such rights ex ante, at the time when they are contracted; the model highlights the significance of certain features in the design of these rights, certain environmental features, and the relation of design and environmental features to each other; the ex post value of a right determines the amount of damages payable if the right is breached; and the model sheds light on why such rights are granted and how they enhance efficiency. The main results are: (i) Rights of first refusal are more valuable than rights of first offer. (ii) If transaction costs are compensable, first purchase rights have the highest value when bargaining skills are relatively evenly distributed. (iii) The fact that transaction costs are uncompensable increases the value of first purchase rights; this increase is more pronounced for a right of first refusal than for a right of first offer. (iv) Imperfect information by rightholder over the value placed on the subject property by a third party reduces the value of a right of first offer and has no effect on the value of a right of first refusal (v) Imperfect information by a third party on the value placed on the subject property by rightholder may increase or reduce the value of a right of first refusal and has no effect on the value of a right of first offer. (vi) First purchase rights may enhance efficiency by: reducing seller's incentives to engage in strategic search for certain third-party buyers, improving rightholder's incentives to take certain steps to increase the value of the property, and reducing the costs associated with strategic bargaining.
Aging dynamics in a reentrant ferromagnet: Cu 0.2 Co 0.8 Cl 2 -Fe Cl 3 graphite bi-intercalation compound

The aging dynamics of a reentrant ferromagnet ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ graphite bi-intercalation compound has been studied using ac and dc magnetic susceptibility. This compound undergoes successive transitions at the transition temperatures ${T}_{c}$ $(=9.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ and ${T}_{\mathit{RSG}}$ $(=3.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. The relaxation rate $S(t)$ $[=\mathrm{d}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathit{ZFC}}(t)∕\mathrm{d}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}t]$ exhibits a characteristic peak at ${t}_{\mathit{cr}}$ close to a wait time ${t}_{W}$ below ${T}_{c}$, indicating that the aging phenomena occur in both the reentrant spin glass phase below ${T}_{\mathit{RSG}}$ and the ferromagnetic (FM) phase between ${T}_{\mathit{RSG}}$ and ${T}_{c}$. The aging state in the FM phase is fragile against a weak magnetic-field perturbation. The time $(t)$ dependence of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathit{ZFC}}(t)$ around $t\ensuremath{\approx}{t}_{\mathit{cr}}$ is well approximated by a stretched exponential relaxation, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathit{ZFC}}(t)\ensuremath{\approx}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{(t∕\ensuremath{\tau})}^{1\ensuremath{-}n}]$, around $t={t}_{W}$. The exponent $n$ depends on ${t}_{W}$, $T$, and $H$. The relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ $(\ensuremath{\approx}{t}_{\mathit{cr}})$ exhibits a local maximum around $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, reflecting a frustrated nature of the FM phase. It drastically increases with decreasing temperature below ${T}_{\mathit{RSG}}$.
Resistive Switching of SnO2 Thin Films on Glass Substrates

Resistive switching of SnO2 thin films deposited by RF magnetron reactive sputtering at room temperature was investigated. Ag/SnO2/Ti structures were fabricated on glass substrates for current-voltage characteristics evaluation. Repeatable unipolar switching was observed using a compliance current of 10 mA and limiting the reset voltage between 0.8 and 1.2 V. Different top contact area were fabricated indicating a filamentary forming mechanism. Furthermore, a retention memory analysis was performed indicating an acceptable device behavior through time. An Ohmic conduction process was found in LRS and HRS. However for HRS, Ohmic conduction was observed only at voltages lower than 0.3 V. At higher voltages, conduction is not explained well by Ohmic, Poole-Frankel, Schottky emission, or space-charge-limited conduction. This indicates that a material structural change occurs at voltages above 0.3 V which is the onset to switching from HRS to LRS.
Effective theory for the nonrigid rotor in an electromagnetic field: Toward accurate and precise calculations of E 2 transitions in deformed nuclei

We present a model-independent approach to electric quadrupole transitions of deformed nuclei. Based on an effective theory for axially symmetric systems, the leading interactions with electromagnetic fields enter as minimal couplings to gauge potentials, while subleading corrections employ gauge-invariant nonminimal couplings. This approach yields transition operators that are consistent with the Hamiltonian, and the power counting of the effective theory provides us with theoretical uncertainty estimates. We successfully test the effective theory in homonuclear molecules that exhibit a large separation of scales. For ground-state band transitions of rotational nuclei, the effective theory describes data well within theoretical uncertainties at leading order. To probe the theory at subleading order, data with higher precision would be valuable. For transitional nuclei, next-to-leading-order calculations and the high-precision data are consistent within the theoretical uncertainty estimates. We also study the faint interband transitions within the effective theory and focus on the $E2$ transitions from the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ band (the ``$\ensuremath{\beta}$ band'') to the ground-state band. Here the predictions from the effective theory are consistent with data for several nuclei, thereby proposing a solution to a long-standing challenge.
The Vermont Longitudinal Study of Persons with Severe Mental Illness, II: Long-Term Outcome of Subjects Who Retrospectively Met DSM-III Criteria for Schizophrenia.

The authors present the findings from a long-term follow-up study of 118 patients from Vermont State Hospital who, when rediagnosed retrospectively, met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia at their index hospitalization in the mid-1950s. The patients were studied with structured, reliable, multivariate instrument batteries by raters who were blind to information in their records. The rediagnostic process is described, and results of the follow-up are presented. Outcome varied widely, but one-half to two-thirds of the sample had achieved considerable improvement or recovered, in contrast to statements in DSM-III that predict a poor outcome for schizophrenic patients.
Coil Embolization of a Palatine Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Gelding

Objective To describe successful transarterial coil embolization of a palatine artery pseudoaneurysm that extended into the caudal maxillary sinus of a gelding. Study Design Clinical report. Animal A 24-year-old Morgan gelding with right-sided epistaxis. Methods The right maxillary sinus was imaged by radiography, computed tomography, and sinoscopy. Angiography was performed to locate the source of bleeding, and transarterial coil embolization of a right palatine artery pseudoaneurysm was performed. Results There was some mucoid nasal discharge and an intermittent cough postoperatively. No epistaxis was seen after embolization. There was moderate swelling of the surgical incision over the mid-cervical common carotid artery. The horse was discharged from the hospital 4 days after surgery, and had been doing well, with no signs of bleeding, for 2 months postoperatively. The horse had acute colic secondary to a strangulating lipoma at 2 months and was euthanatized after exploratory celiotomy. Placement of embolization coils in the right palatine artery was confirmed by CT and necropsy. Conclusions Severe epistaxis in the horse may be caused by a ruptured major palatine artery pseudoaneurysm. Occlusion of this vessel can be successfully accomplished by transarterial coil embolization.
George Armstrong--father of pediatrics.

Each year the Ambulatory Pediatric Association presents the George Armstrong Award to an individual who has contributed significantly to the goal of improved patient care, teaching, and research in ambulatory pediatrics. Although George Armstrong has been called the father of modern pediatrics,1 many pediatricians are completely unaware of him as a person and of his contributions to child care. George Armstrong was born in Scotland in 1719. He wanted to be a doctor and started medical school in Edinburgh, but had to drop out for financial reasons before receiving his M.D. degree. Nevertheless, he went to London and set up practice as a general practitioner.
Lactic acid-sensitive receptors on the antennae of the mosquito,Aedes aegypti

1. A pair of chemoreceptor neurons sensitive to lactic acid (LA) was identified in the grooved-peg (A3) sensilla on the antennae of the mosquito,Aedes aegypti. 2. One chemoreceptor responded to LA with an increase in spike frequency, whereas the other chemoreceptor exhibited a decrease in spike frequency when presented with LA. 3. CO2, either alone or in combination with LA, elicited no change in spike frequency of either LA-sensitive neuron, indicating that the behavioral synergism of CO2 and LA occurs centrally and not at the primary receptor level. 4. Water vapor induced such a weak excitatory response in both LA-sensitive neurons that their involvement in the detection of water vapor is questioned. 5. The insect repellent, DEET, inhibited both LA-sensitive neurons. DEET plus LA was additive in the LA-inhibited cell, whereas the LA response of the LA-excited cell was attenuated by DEET. 6. The reaction spectra of the LA-sensitive neurons were determined using pure compounds (Table 1). 7. The importance of LA in the host-finding behavior of the mosquito is discussed.
Resistance Training in the Young Athlete

Concomitant with increasing participation in youth sports, there is a desire for young athletes to use resistance training to help them achieve peak performance. Recent evidence dispels the myths that weightlifting in children is dangerous as the result of growth plate injury risk and ineffective because children are unable to increase strength or muscle mass. Supervised resistance training currently is recognized to be safe and effective, and it also may reduce injury risk during sports participation in young athletes. In this review, we provide evidence-based guidelines to assist physicians when making recommendations to parents and coaches who wish to administer resistance training to young athletes.
Mucositis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a cohort study of methotrexate- and non-methotrexate-containing graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimens.

Abstract Oral mucositis occurs in up to 75% of recipients of high-dose chemoradiotherapy conditioning regimens used for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As a result of mucositis, narcotic analgesia and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are commonly required after HSCT. Methotrexate, an antiproliferative graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis agent, impairs mucosal regeneration and worsens and prolongs mucositis. We assessed the effect of substituting sirolimus for methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis on outcomes associated with mucositis. Two patient cohorts undergoing allogeneic HLA-matched related donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation conditioning were prospectively analyzed for mucositis severity and retrospectively reviewed for correlative outcomes. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of sirolimus/tacrolimus (ST) in the study group and tacrolimus/methotrexate (TM) in the control group. Thirty patients received ST and 24 patients received TM as GVHD prophylaxis between October 2000 and May 2003. Mild, moderate, and severe mucositis was noted in 37%, 57%, and 7% of the ST group and 8%, 42%, and 50% of the TM group (P = .0002). Less TPN was used in the ST group than the TM group (17% versus 43% of posttransplantation hospital days; P = .02). The total number of narcotic days was lower in the ST group in comparison with the TM group (median, 13.5 versus 17 days; P = .08). The time to first hospital discharge was shorter in the ST group compared with the TM group (median, 18 versus 22 days; P = .07). The substitution of sirolimus for methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis is associated with a reduction in mucositis severity. As a result, TPN and narcotic use are reduced, and hospitalization duration is shortened. Less toxic GVHD prophylaxis regimens without methotrexate may have a significant effect on patient quality of life, patient outcomes, and economic outcomes associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Mutual control in the newly integrated work environments

How does an increase in the availability of detailed electronic information about behavior change organizations, and what kinds of choices influence those changes? This paper presents a model of mutual control, derived from studies of detailed information sharing in manufacturing, that describes one set of likely changes. According to the mutual control model, increasing pressures for tighter monitoring and control come from a mutual access to, and dependence on, shared electronic information that can be linked to the behavior of identifiable individuals and groups. That the demands for greater monitoring and control come from all directions in organizations, not simply upper management, is a finding that contrasts sharply with the traditional view of electronic surveillance and its concern with regulating managerial excess. The mutual control model also highlights how current systems design ideals, uncritically followed, contribute to the widespread demand for monitoring and tighter control within organi...
Inhibition by interferon of biochemical transformation induced by cloned herpesvirus thymidine kinase genes.

Abstract To learn whether interferon could prevent the biochemical transformations induced by cloned herpesvirus thymidine kinase (TK) genes, LM(TK − ) mouse fibroblast cultures were pretreated for 24 h with 2.4–40 international units (I.U.)/ml mouse α + β interferon, and subsequently transformed to the TK + phenotype with recombinant plasmids containing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) TK gene (pAGO and pMH110) and the marmoset herpesvirus (MarHV) TK gene (pMAR035). Mouse α + β interferon inhibuted transformation and the inhibition was interferon dose-dependent. Transformation was also inhibited when LM(TK − ) cells were pretreated for 2 – 5 h with 40 I.U./ml interferon. Maximal inhibitions of TK + colony formation were observed following a 9–20 h pretreatment period with interferon. In contrast, 40 I.U./ml interferon treatment for 20 h did not reduce the rate or extent of LM(TK − ) cell growth. Experiments in which cultures were first treated with plasmid pAGO and only afterwards treated with interferon also showed that, as the interferon concentration used, interferon did not inhibit the outgrowth of transformated colonies. Enzyme assays showed that pretreatment with interferon inhibited the induction of TK activity in cells that had been transfected with pAGO DNA.
Optimal Ascertainment Strategies to Detect Linkage to Common Disease Alleles

Traditionally, extended pedigrees with many affected individuals have been studied for the purpose of detection of linkage. For traits caused by a rare susceptibility allele, this is a productive strategy. However, this sampling strategy may not work well for traits determined by multiple loci in which one or more have common susceptibility alleles. We simulated three single-additive-locus models of inheritance and two-locus models with additive or multiplicative interactions, all with rare or common susceptibility alleles. A trait locus was linked, with no recombination, to a marker locus with four equally frequent alleles. Family structure varied, but the total number of affected individuals was held constant. Two generations of individuals were genotyped. We used three nonparametric affected-sib-pair programs and two nonparametric pedigree-analysis programs to perform linkage analysis. For single-locus, additive, and multiplicative models, we found that, when the susceptibility allele was rare, (frequency .0025), extended pedigrees with first or second cousins had the most power for detection of linkage. However, when the susceptibility allele was common in the single-locus, additive, and multiplicative two-locus models (frequency .25), extended pedigrees were no more powerful than nuclear families. There was also a decrease in power when the pedigrees had a greater number of affected individuals, more so for the single-locus and multiplicative models than for the additive model. We conclude that for single-locus, additive, and multiplicative models of qualitative traits with common alleles, there is no benefit to the collection of extended pedigrees, and there may be a loss of power in the collection of pedigrees with many affected individuals.
NEW MARINE ALGAE FROM THE CENTRAL TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN

Three new taxa are described: Dotyella hawaiiensis var. clavata var. nov., Cottoniella triseriata sp. nov., and Taenioma dotyi sp. nov. A modified characterization of the genus Cottoniella is given, and certain critical distinctions between the species are presented. Taenioma dotyi is distinctive in the increased width of the determinate branches resulting from division of the
A note on senatorial mass mailing expenditure and the quest for reelection

This analysis outlines a mass mailing system heavily driven by the desire of Senators to remain in office, using federal money to assist in achieving that objective. The data used here are obviously fragmentary, but they provide a foundation for more extensive work, assuming that the Senate continues its new policy of disclosure. At least as many questions have been raised by this analysis as have been answered, but the evidence does suggest that this spending is part of the drive for reelection. The findings may provide some of the reason for the general unimportance of campaign expenditure by the incumbent on the election result — the resources of the office, including mass mailing, provide sufficient exposure at public expense to dilute the effect of spending in the campaign. We do not know whether such mailing expenditures have any more influence on incumbent success than does direct campaign but, given more experience and data, it should be possible to find out.
Stroke: Intra-arterial stroke therapy looks promising, but for whom?

Despite probable higher rates of recanalization with endovascular therapies, limited evidence exists to support the clinical benefits in patients with stroke who are unresponsive to standard intravenous reperfusion. A new study supports combined intravenous-intra-arterial treatment in a subset of acute stroke patients, and recognizes the need for definitive randomized trials.
The role of G proteins in the activity and mercury modulation of GABA-induced currents in rat neurons.

Abstract The role of G proteins in the functional modulation and potentiation by mercury chloride of the GABA A receptor-channel complex in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons was studied by using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Stimulation of G s proteins by application of GTP-γ-S in the patch pipette or by incubation of neurons with cholera toxin reduced GABA-induced currents, suggesting modulation of GABA-induced currents via a G s -protein-coupled pathway. GDP-β-S in the pipette solution or pretreatment of dorsal root ganglion neurons with pertussis toxin suppressed GABA-induced currents, suggesting that basal G i /G o -protein activity positively modulates the GABA A receptor-channel complex. Mercury chloride potentiation of GABA-activated currents was blocked by application of GTP-gg-S in the patch pipette or by incubation of neurons with cholera toxin. Mercury chloride potentiation of GABA-activated currents was blocked by application of GDP-β-S in the patch pipette or by incubation of neurons with pertussis toxin. G proteins, probably G i /G o proteins, underlie the mercury chloride potentiation of GABA-induced currents.
Toward a taxonomy of manufacturing flexibility dimensions

Abstract Researchers agree on the importance of manufacturing flexibility but are somewhat divided on the dimensions of this important construct. This paper seeks to find a middle-ground by working toward a generally acceptable taxonomy of manufacturing flexibility dimensions. The authors build on extant literature and propose a theoretically grounded operationalization of the manufacturing flexibility construct. Operational measures of manufacturing flexibility dimensions are identified and tested on a sample of 240 manufacturing firms. Results indicate good support for the theorized taxonomy.
OIL POLLUTION AND TROPICAL LITTORAL COMMUNITIES: BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE 1975 FLORIDA KEYS OIL SPILL

ABSTRACT This study reports biological effects of the July 1975 oil spill in the Florida Keys for a one-year period. Floating seagrass served as a natural sorbent for oil and stranded in the intertidal zone. A soluble component of oil, or possibly an organic cleaning solvent, leaching from this debris, was probably responsible for a mass mortality of subtidal echinoderms on the rocky platform. Several crab species were eliminated from the rocky shores, mangrove fringes, and Batis marsh communities for several months. Subtidal pearl oysters (Pinctada radiata) from the grass flat community suffered extensive mortalities, also attributable to a soluble component of oil. Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)seedlings on the fringe and in the mangrove swamp, sustaining greater than 50% oiling of their leaves, were killed. Dwarf black mangroves (Avicennia nitida) with greater than 50% oiling of pneumatophores also died, as did some where the substrate remained oiled one year later. Elevated temperatures, exceeding l...
Histologic study of chronic catheter cryoablation of atrioventricular conduction in swine

Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of catheter cryoablation, we studied histologic changes of the atrioventricular (AV) junction in eight pigs 6 weeks after cryoablation of central conducting tissue. Cryothermia at −60° C was applied to the AV junction through an 8F or 11F cryocatheter with no electrode and was maintained for 3 minutes after complete AV block was obtained. Six weeks later, gross inspection revealed a distinct, oval-shaped scar 5 to 8 mm in length along or above the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve in each animal. Microscopically, ablated sites were discrete and were replaced by dense connective tissue with no signs of chronic inflammation. Neovascularization was often seen in scar tissue, and small branches or coronary vasculature within lesions appeared patent with mild intimal proliferation. Ablated lesions involved a small area of the summit of the muscular interventricular septum in three animals, but lesions were never found in the base of the aortic wall or aortic valve. The proximal AV conduction system, either the penetrating bundle or a portion of the AV node, was ablated in all five animals with complete AV block. Three animals that did not maintain complete AV block showed scar formation in the atrial septum above the AV node or penetrating bundle; two of these lesions had small islands of viable atrial myocardium embedded within scar tissue. Catheter cryoablation can produce lesions as effectively as those created during open-heart surgery and is a possible procedure for treatment of intractable supraventricular tachycardia. Improvements in technique or in the cryocatheter may be needed to create more reliably located and homogeneous scar.
NEOPRENE BEARING PAD SLIPPAGE AT LOUISIANA BRIDGES

Elastomeric bearing pads provide a medium to transfer girder loads to the supporting substructure. Low cost and low maintenance, in comparison with mechanical-type bearings, make elastomeric bearing pads attractive to use. However, some problems have developed with their use. Failure modes for bearing pads include crushing, delamination, and slippage. The most notable of these failure modes is slippage or “walking” out of position. The objective in this paper is to determine the cause of neoprene bearing pad slippage and recommend practical guidelines to remedy the problem. The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development has experienced bearing pad slippage at some of their prestressed concrete beam bridges. The methods used to investigate this phenomenon included measuring thermal movements and erecting video equipment to monitor bearing pads and traffic simultaneously. In addition, material testing was performed to determine the composition of problematic elastomeric bearing pads. By using ti...
Bioinformatics Strategies for Translating Genome-Wide Expression Analyses into Clinically Useful Cancer Markers

: The DNA microarray has revolutionized cancer research. Now, scientists can obtain a genome-wide perspective of cancer gene expression. One potential application of this technology is the discovery of novel cancer biomarkers for more accurate diagnosis and prognosis, and potentially for the earlier detection of disease or the monitoring of treatment effectiveness. Because microarray experiments generate a tremendous amount of data and because the number of laboratories generating microarray data is rapidly growing, new bioinformatics strategies that promote the maximum utilization of such data are necessary. Here, we describe a method to validate multiple microarray data sets, a Web-based cancer microarray database for biomarker discovery, and methods for integrating gene ontology annotations with microarray data to improve candidate biomarker selection.
Usual and Shortest Confidence Intervals on Odds Ratios from Logistic Regression

Abstract Based on the large-sample normal distribution of the sample log odds ratio and its asymptotic variance from maximum likelihood logistic regression, shortest 95% confidence intervals for the odds ratio are developed. Although the usual confidence interval on the odds ratio is unbiased, the shortest interval is not. That is, while covering the true odds ratio with the stated probability, the shortest interval covers some values below the true odds ratio with higher probability. The upper and lower limits of the shortest interval are shifted to the left of those of the usual interval, with greater shifts in the upper limits. With the log odds model γ + Xβ, in which X is binary, simulation studies showed that the approximate average percent difference in length is 7.4% for n (sample size) = 100, and 3.8% for n = 200. Precise estimates of the covering probabilities of the two types of intervals were obtained from simulation studies, and are compared graphically. For odds ratio estimates greater (less)...
Ketamine and chronic pain--going the distance.

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and its primary mechanism of action is considered to be through antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. For many years it has been used in the treatment of chronic pain, but not fully entrenched in pain treatment, perhaps because of its potential addictive and psychomimetic qualities and lack of controlled clinical trials. From a pain perspective the primary role of ketamine in low doses is as “an ‘anti-hyperalgesic’, ‘anti-allodynic’ or ‘tolerance-protective’ agent” (see Visser and Schug 2006). A number of groups have reported prolonged effects on pain following ketamine dosing via oral, intranasal, topical or intravenous routes and single doses vs. multi-day (Goldberg et al. 2005) or continuous administration over days (Kiefer et al. 2008b) in open-label studies. Our current therapeutic armamentarium is quite limited in terms of analgesic efficacy in controlled trials. Some would argue that the small efficacy (both at a population level and the magnitude of change in VAS score) this is related to the fact that we need to consider mechanistic approaches to chronic pain subgroups. However, patients and clinicians find themselves in a position of “what to do now”. In the paper published in this volume by Sigtermans et al., (Sigtermans et al. 2009) the authors report on the effects of a prolonged infusion (4.2 days) of low dose ketamine group (n=30) vs. placebo group (n=30) and followed their pain scores over 12 weeks. Pain scores were lower initially but still significantly different at 12 weeks post infusion. Significantly there was no functional improvement that accompanied the decrease in their pain. This study provides one of the first placebo-controlled trials in CRPS patients on the use of ketamine for chronic pain.
Reaction of trans-[Co(en)2(SO3)(H2O)]+ with imidazole and containing ligands

Abstract trans-[Co(en)2(SO3)(H2O)]+ reacts with imidazole (ImH) and imidazole containing ligands (L) to form trans-[Co(en)2(SO3)L]+ in the pH range 6.0–9.0. The complex seems to react both in the hydroxy and in the aquo form. The rate constant for the reaction of imidazole with the aquo form is 6.0±0.7 and 4±1M−1s−1 for the reaction with the hydroxy form at 25°C. The apparent equilibrium constant for formation of the imidazole complex at pH 7 is consistent with the value of 3 x 102 measured previously. Appreciable amounts of complex form only in the pH 6–9 range. Above pH 9 NMR spectra show that even the immediate products are different. In aged solutions at all pHs other products form.
Three-dimensional lung morphogenesis and fractal analysis as tools for the quantification of lung disease

The bronchial tree is one of the most well known fractal structures in the human body. Fractal objects like the bronchial tree have complex structures with self-similar properties over different scales. In this paper, we present a 3-D bronchial tree computer model constructed using fractal growth rules and actual morphometric data. Given the important role that the chest walls play in lung morphogenesis, the growth of the model was constrained within a 3-D boundary extracted from high resolution CT (HRCT) lung data. The model was built within a space of (512 X 512 X 512) pixels, and it currently models only the right lung. The parameters of the model are: (1) the diameter, d, of a branch; (2) the length, l, of a branch; (3) the angle, (theta) , between a branch and its parent. Utilizing this model as a testground, we developed a functional relationship between different changes in the morphology of the bronchial tree and the values of its 3-D fractal dimension and 3-D lacunarity.