cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substance P: a putative sensory transmitter in mammalian autonomic ganglia

Repetitive presynaptic stimulation elicited slow membrane depolarization in neurons of inferior mesenteric ganglia from guinea pigs. This response was not blocked by cholinergic antagonists but was specifically and reversibly inhibited by a substance P analog, (D-Pro2, D-Phe7, D-Trp9)-substance P, which also depressed the depolarization induced by exogenously applied substance P. The atropine-sensitive slow excitatory and slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked in neurons of rabbit superior cervical ganglia were not affected by the substance P analog. These and previous results provide strong support for the hypothesis that substance P or a closely related peptide is the transmitter mediating the slow depolarization. The latter may represent a sensory input from the gastrointestinal tract to neurons of the prevertebral ganglia.
Constraints on new physics from Fermilab Tevatron dijet data

New results from the CDF Collaboration on the invariant mass distribution of dijet events observed at the Fermilab Tevatron are used to constrain the masses and couplings of new gauge bosons ([ital W][prime] and [ital Z][prime]) as well as fundamental diquarks which can occur in some extended electroweak models. In the case of new gauge bosons, these new bounds are then compared to existing limits which arise from searches for the leptonic decay modes of these particles at the Tevatron.
DCS-1900 system configuration

DCS-1900 is a proposed PCS system based on the GSM mobile telephone system. Like GSM, many configuration options and parameters must be selected by the base station manufacturer, or system operator. This paper examines parameter effects on system performance, to determine good configuration strategies. Issues considered include frequency plan, power control, base station synchronization, and DTX. A lower bound is presented for DCS-1900 uplink performance, and is used to determine the relationship between capacity and coverage. The best frequency plan is found to be a frequency hopped system with complete frequency reuse in every cell. Collisions between signals are controlled by restricting cell loading. The 1/3 frequency plan is shown to have at least 99% coverage with 0.24 loading, supporting 144 calls per cell in 30 MHz bandwidth.
Family Therapy for the Borderline Patient

Family therapy can be an appropriate modality of treatment for borderline patients: family sessions may be helpful in making order out of chaos in the system. It also takes into account the fear of separation and other developmental issues which are of concern to the borderline patient. Issues related to the structure and format of sessions in the beginning and middle phase of therapy are discussed. Progress and treatment implications including transference reactions are examined. We have concluded that the family members in a case presented have become considerably stronger and more independent. Their current developmental level indicates that we can begin to work on intrapsychic factors.
Wannier functions and self-consistent metal calculations

It is shown how, with the help of the density-functional formalism and moment techniques, a self-consistent calculation for a metal can be carried out entirely in terms of Wannier functions, without recourse to the eigenfunctions. The applicability of this approach to metals with or without impurities, disorder, surfaces, adatoms, etc., is briefly discussed.
InAlAsSb/InGaSb double heterojunction bipolar transistor

An npn double heterojunction bipolar transistor has been made using In 0.27 Ga 0.73 Sb for the base and two different In x Al 1-x As y Sb 1-y alloys for the emitter and collector. It has a common emitter current gain of 25. The emitter-base voltages required for a given collector current are smaller than those of InP-based HBTs.
Pain management of the oncologic patient

After the first 5 years of life, cancer is one of the three most common causes of death. Most investigations of cancer pain have shown that 50-70% of patients suffer needlessly. Pain may be due to the tumor or a co-existant benign pain syndrome. Methods of pain management include: 1) neurolytic blockade: stellate ganglion block, celiac plexus block, lumbar sympathetic block, epidural phenol, subarachnoid neurolysis; and 2) non-pharmacologic methods: radiofrequency thermocoagulation lumbar sympathectomy, transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS), dorsal column stimulation (DCS). In summary, we utilize every possible combination of therapeutic modalities for cancer pain management. With so many safe procedures available, we encourage the primary physician to refer patients early in their disease process. Neurolytic procedures should be performed prior to initiation of high dose narcotic therapy, radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery when possible.
Divorce and Women’s Risk of Health Insurance Loss

This article bridges the literatures on the economic consequences of divorce for women with that on marital transitions and health by focusing on women's health insurance. Using a monthly calendar of marital status and health insurance coverage from 1,442 women in the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine how women's health insurance changes after divorce. Our estimates suggest that roughly 115,000 American women lose private health insurance annually in the months following divorce and that roughly 65,000 of these women become uninsured. The loss of insurance coverage we observe is not just a short-term disruption. Women's rates of insurance coverage remain depressed for more than two years after divorce. Insurance loss may compound the economic losses women experience after divorce and contribute to as well as compound previously documented health declines following divorce.
In Situ B Cell-Mediated Immune Responses and Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in Human Lupus Nephritis

The most prevalent severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus is nephritis, which is characterized by immune complex deposition, inflammation, and scarring in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium. Numerous studies indicated that glomerulonephritis results from a systemic break in B cell tolerance, resulting in the local deposition of immune complexes containing Abs reactive with ubiquitous self-Ags. However, the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus tubulointerstitial disease is not known. In this article, we demonstrate that in more than half of a cohort of 68 lupus nephritis biopsies, the tubulointerstitial infiltrate was organized into well-circumscribed T:B cell aggregates or germinal centers (GCs) containing follicular dendritic cells. Sampling of the in situ-expressed Ig repertoire revealed that both histological patterns were associated with intrarenal B cell clonal expansion and ongoing somatic hypermutation. However, in the GC histology, the proliferating cells were CD138(-)CD20(+) centroblasts, whereas they were CD138(+)CD20(low/-) plasmablasts in T:B aggregates. The presence of GCs or T:B aggregates was strongly associated with tubular basement membrane immune complexes. These data implicate tertiary lymphoid neogenesis in the pathogenesis of lupus tubulointerstitial inflammation.
Management of Patients Co-Infected with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• Certain populations with CHB present additional clinical complexities. These include populations co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) chronic hepatiti B (CHB). • CHB does not appear to affect the progression of HIV infection; conversely, HIV infection does adversely influence several aspects of the natural history of CHB. • Current guidelines recommend that all HIV positive patients should be tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and
Protective antigen composite nanofibers as a transdermal anthrax vaccine

Anthrax, a disease caused by the gram positive bacteria Bacillus anthracis, has become an increasing threat to public health in the last several years, due to its use as an agent of biological warfare. The currently utilized human anthrax vaccine, which confers immunity through the host antibody recognition of protective antigen (PA), requires a three dose regimen and annual booster shots after the initial vaccination to maintain its efficacy. The long term goal of this project is to produce an anthrax vaccine that is capable of delivering protective antigen through human skin. The novel method for transdermal vaccine delivery that we propose utilizes the high surface area to volume ratio offered by protein-containing nanofiber membranes, prepared by the electrospinning technique. Research has already been undertaken to study the effect the main virulent agent of anthrax, lethal toxin (LT), has on a human monocytic cell line, Monomac 6 cells (MM6). Lethal toxin is said to comprise of a Zn2+-dependent metalloprotease known as lethal factor (LF), and a binding protein known as protective antigen. The successful encapsulation of the protective antigen within the nanofibrous membrane was analyzed with the use of an in vitro MM6 assay. The assay was designed to ensure the functionality of PA through the harsh environment of the electrospinning process. Quantitative analysis of IL-6 cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated MM6 cells in the presence of LF and PA provided proof that PA retained its biological activity through the process of electrospinning. This finding provides an innovative platform for the development of a transdermal anthrax vaccine.
Basic physics of gaseous dielectrics

Basic physical processes involved in the prebreakdown stages of gaseous dielectrics are discussed, with particular emphasis on electron attachment, electron-molecule scattering, and electron impact ionization. Particular emphasis is placed on the dielectric properties of gases at moderately high pressures (few kilopascals to few atmospheres) and under uniform DC conditions for which the electrons generated in the gas quickly reach a steady state, and thus electron-molecule interactions leading to electrical breakdown can be addressed assuming steady-state conditions even though the breakdown itself is a transient, nonequilibrium phenomenon. Utilization of the understanding of these basic processes for tailoring gases/mixtures with optimum dielectric strengths is indicated. >
SU(2) TO U(1) MICROSCOPIC TRANSITION IN THE HEISENBERG CHAIN

We find that the nature of the gapless low-energy excitations of the spin 1/2 isotropic Heisenberg chain with J < 0 (antiferromagnetic chain at magnetic field H = 0) is different in the usual SU(2) "phase" and in the finite-magnetic field "phase" of symmetry U(1). This is shown to have relevant consequences for the microscopic description of the low-energy physics, which is different from the usual "spinon" two-kink picture. The use of the until now hidden "Landau-liquid" character of the model reveals a number of unexpected aspects of its physics and deepens the microscopic understanding of this fundamental quantum system.
SUMO-1 Modification and Its Role in Targeting the Ran GTPase-activating Protein, RanGAP1, to the Nuclear Pore Complex

RanGAP1 is the GTPase-activating protein for Ran, a small ras-like GTPase involved in regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport. In vertebrates, RanGAP1 is present in two forms: one that is cytoplasmic, and another that is concentrated at the cytoplasmic fibers of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The NPC-associated form of RanGAP1 is covalently modified by the small ubiquitin-like protein, SUMO-1, and we have recently proposed that SUMO-1 modification functions to target RanGAP1 to the NPC. Here, we identify the domain of RanGAP1 that specifies SUMO-1 modification and demonstrate that mutations in this domain that inhibit modification also inhibit targeting to the NPC. Targeting of a heterologous protein to the NPC depended on determinants specifying SUMO-1 modification and also on additional determinants in the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1. SUMO-1 modification and these additional determinants were found to specify interaction between the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1 and a region of the nucleoporin, Nup358, between Ran-binding domains three and four. Together, these findings indicate that SUMO-1 modification targets RanGAP1 to the NPC by exposing, or creating, a Nup358 binding site in the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1. Surprisingly, the COOH-terminal domain of RanGAP1 was also found to harbor a nuclear localization signal. This nuclear localization signal, and the presence of nine leucine-rich nuclear export signal motifs, suggests that RanGAP1 may shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Functions of Personal Experience and of Expression of Regret

Although learning and preparing for future behavior are well-established functions of regret, social functions have been largely ignored. We suggest a new model of the functions of regret, the Privately Experienced Versus Expressed Regret model, in which private experience and public expression differentially serve these functions. The current research examined this model using both naturalistic and experimental approaches. In Study 1, we coded tweets about regret posted on social media to examine whether this content emphasized social relationships versus learning and preparation. Study 2 experimentally examined the hypothesized social closeness function for expression of regrets. Study 3 further examined how privately experienced and publicly expressed regrets differ on the social closeness and learning and preparatory functions. Studies 4 and 5 confirmed the specific social closeness function rather than global social benefits. This research suggests that the social expression of regret differs from private experience in both form and function.
Hydrogenic Atoms in a Magnetic Field

The interaction of hydrogenic atoms with a weak constant magnetic field is discussed in detail. The Breit Hamiltonian, minimally coupled to the external magnetic field, is treated in several different ways. First, approximate eigenfunctions are obtained in the nonrelativistic nucleus approximation. These wave functions are used to treat perturbatively the residual terms dependent on the magnetic field, and to identify the magnetic moment of the bound electron in the ground state. The corrections previously given by us, of relative order ${(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{2}$, $\frac{{(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{2}m}{M}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}{(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{2}$, and $\frac{\ensuremath{\alpha}{(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{2}m}{M}$, are confirmed including lowest-order radiative corrections. Next, a unitary transformation of the complete Breit Hamiltonian is made in order to simplify further the calculation of small corrections to the electron and nuclear $g$ factors. The physical origin of this unitary transformation, which is similar to a gauge transformation, is discussed extensively, and it is shown that the transformed Hamiltonian for a neutral system commutes with $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{P}}$, the momentum conjugate to the center-of-mass position $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{X}}$. This new Hamiltonian, which treats the electron and the nucleus on equal footing, is then transformed by means of the Chraplyvy-Barker-Glover reduction. The electron and the nuclear $g$ factors are calculated, this time including terms of relative order $\frac{{(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{2}{m}^{2}}{{M}^{2}}$ and $\frac{\ensuremath{\alpha}{(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{2}{m}^{2}}{{M}^{2}}$. These computations yield the magnetic moments for hydrogenic atoms in their ground state. The theoretical results are summarized and compared with recent experiments.
Perchlorate Reductase Is Distinguished by Active Site Aromatic Gate Residues.

Perchlorate is an important ion on both Earth and Mars. Perchlorate reductase (PcrAB), a specialized member of the dimethylsulfoxide reductase superfamily, catalyzes the first step of microbial perchlorate respiration, but little is known about the biochemistry, specificity, structure, and mechanism of PcrAB. Here we characterize the biophysics and phylogeny of this enzyme and report the 1.86-A resolution PcrAB complex crystal structure. Biochemical analysis revealed a relatively high perchlorate affinity (Km = 6 μm) and a characteristic substrate inhibition compared with the highly similar respiratory nitrate reductase NarGHI, which has a relatively much lower affinity for perchlorate (Km = 1.1 mm) and no substrate inhibition. Structural analysis of oxidized and reduced PcrAB with and without the substrate analog SeO3 (2-) bound to the active site identified key residues in the positively charged and funnel-shaped substrate access tunnel that gated substrate entrance and product release while trapping transiently produced chlorate. The structures suggest gating was associated with shifts of a Phe residue between open and closed conformations plus an Asp residue carboxylate shift between monodentate and bidentate coordination to the active site molybdenum atom. Taken together, structural and mutational analyses of gate residues suggest key roles of these gate residues for substrate entrance and product release. Our combined results provide the first detailed structural insight into the mechanism of biological perchlorate reduction, a critical component of the chlorine redox cycle on Earth.
Nitrogen variability between ‘Cornice’ pear fruits from trees having high and low nitrogen status

SummaryVariability in nitrogen content between pear fruits from trees having high (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) status was evaluated in ‘Comice’/Quince pears. Nitrogen concentrations in dry matter and the percent N derived from labelled fertilizer (NFF) for peels were strongly correlated with cortex and core N values. Therefore, peel data accurately reflected the N status of individual fruit. Variability was high, especially in the HN treatment with fruit peel N concentration ranging from 0.38 to 0.94%. The NFF ranged from 5.7 to 23.5%. No relation was found between peel N and fruit fresh weight or seed number. HN trees discriminated in their allocation of N to fruit in different canopy locations, but LN trees did not. Fruits in west and south quadrants had more N than those from north and east locations. Fruits from the top and middle canopy levels had more N than fruit from the bottom level. A large number of fruits in any specific location lessened N concentrations. Nitrogen applied in early spring had le...
A CASE OF SECRETORY CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST IN ELDERLY

今回われわれは,乳腺分泌癌の1例を経験したので若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する.症例は75歳,女性.右乳房B領域の腫瘤を主訴に当院受診.腫瘤は直径2cmで弾性硬であり可動性を認めた.皮膚浸潤,乳頭分泌は認めなかった.穿刺吸引細胞診ではPC-IIであったが,触診,乳房エコー, CT所見から乳癌を疑い摘出生検を施行.摘出標本で,細胞内にPASおよびAlcian blue染色陽性の分泌物を含むsecretory carcinomaと診断し,乳房扇状切除術,腋窩リンパ節郭清を追加した.組織学的に腋窩リンパ節転移陽性であり,ホルモンレセプターは陰性であった.分泌癌の治療は,腋窩リンパ節転移率が他の浸潤性乳管癌とほとんど差がないため腋窩郭清を伴う標準的な手術が必要であり,またホルモンレセプターの陽性率が低いため,補助療法としては化学療法が主体となると考えられた.
Effect of respiratory and metabolic acidosis on coronary vascular resistance (38528).

An increase in coronary flow has been observed during acute hypercapnia (1-4). On the other hand, metabolic acidosis has been shown to produce an increase (5), or a decrease (2, 6) in coronary vascular resistance. Similarly inconsistent results have been observed when either respiratory or metabolic alkalosis was produced (2, 4-6). The apparent contradiction between different studies may be due to one or more of the following. In the first place, changes in the coronary circulation were observed in the presence of changes in the systemic circulation, notably arterial blood pressure and heart rate, making it difficult to determine to what extent coronary changes are a reflection of systemic circulatory changes (1, 5, 6). Secondly, acid-base changes are capable of altering the O2 requirements of the heart which in turn strongly affect the coronary circulation. This variable has not always been taken into account in the interpretation of the results (2, 4, 6). Finally, in some cases simultaneous changes in p...
Global Renewable Electricity Policy: A Comparative Policy Analysis of Countries by Income Status

AbstractAlthough the drivers of renewable electricity (RE) are well-established among Western high-income countries, little is known about the factors that encourage RE development elsewhere. This paper analyzes an unprecedented, original dataset of 149 countries from 1990 to 2010 to compare the policy instruments and other factors that influence RE adoption across low-, middle-, and high-income countries. We find the factors driving RE development vary both across income group and between hydroelectric and non-hydro generation. Most notably for environmental concerns, non-hydroelectric RE generation is driven by feed-in-tariffs and renewable portfolio standards in high-income countries, feed-in tariffs alone in middle-income countries, and by subsidies in low-income countries. Non-policy drivers of RE also vary by country income level.
Automorphisms and broken symmetries in algebraic quantum field theories

In the framework of Haag-Araki algebraic quantum field theory, it is shown that the existence of a broken symmetry which may be extended to the Hamiltonian implies that the algebra of all quasi-local operators has a nontrivial center which is not left elementwise invariant under the symmetry.
Book Review: Burns Braille Guide: A Quick Reference to Unified English Braille

Burns Braille Guide: A Quick Reference to Unified English Braille, Mary F. Burns. New York: AFB Press, 2015,110 pp. Paperback, $24.95; e-book (ePUB or Kindle), $17.50; online, $14.95. Burns Braille Guide: A Quick Reference to Unified English Braille, by Mary F. Burns, is a timely revision of The Burns Braille Transcription Dictionary, especially given the recent adoption of Unified English Braille (UEB) by the United States. This brief reference guide is easy to use and offers an abbreviated overview of UEB as well as a listing of commonly used literary contractions and symbols. As noted by the author, this book should not be used as an instructional textbook. Burns Braille Guide has been designed for individuals who are already familiar with braille--including braille readers, parents, braille transcribers, teachers of students with visual impairments, vocational rehabilitation therapists, and paraeducators. Burns Braille Guide skillfully complements the second edition of The Rules of UEB (Simpson, 2013), which is available on the website of the International Council on English Braille. In contrast, Burns Braille Guide presumes that readers are at least somewhat familiar with UEB, and it does not replace the rulebook, since it primarily focuses on literary braille and does not offer a complete listing of symbols or rules. Contractions and symbols are easily located in both print-to-braille and braille-to-print formats. The guide is available in paperback, as accessible e-books, and online, but it is not available in braille, which may potentially limit the benefit of the book to some braille readers. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK The book begins with a chapter that presents an overview of general transcribing rules and basic terminology. The section regarding general rules could have been easily expanded, and the definitions for some terms are rather technical. Layperson terminology and an associated example in SimBraille for some terms such as mode and standing alone would have aided understanding. The second chapter uses a well-organized table to alphabetically list the braille letters and contractions. The dot configuration is included for each letter and contraction. I prefer the use of hyphens between the dot numbers (such as dots 1-2-3), as are used in the first edition, but I quickly adjusted to the new style (dots 123). The third chapter includes an alphabetical listing of punctuation, commonly used symbols, and indicators. The corresponding UEB rule number is identified for each symbol, and this information should prove to be helpful for readers needing additional information or seeking associated examples in the UEB rulebook. …
Feasibility of using linearly polarized rotating birdcage transmitters and close-fitting receive arrays in MRI to reduce SAR in the vicinity of deep brain simulation implants

Purpose MRI of patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants is strictly limited due to safety concerns, including high levels of local specific absorption rate (SAR) of radiofrequency (RF) fields near the implant and related RF-induced heating. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a rotating linearly polarized birdcage transmitter and a 32-channel close-fit receive array to significantly reduce local SAR in MRI of DBS patients. Methods Electromagnetic simulations and phantom experiments were performed with generic DBS lead geometries and implantation paths. The technique was based on mechanically rotating a linear birdcage transmitter to align its zero electric-field region with the implant while using a close-fit receive array to significantly increase signal to noise ratio of the images. Results It was found that the zero electric-field region of the transmitter is thick enough at 1.5 Tesla to encompass DBS lead trajectories with wire segments that were up to 30 degrees out of plane, as well as leads with looped segments. Moreover, SAR reduction was not sensitive to tissue properties, and insertion of a close-fit 32-channel receive array did not degrade the SAR reduction performance. Conclusion The ensemble of rotating linear birdcage and 32-channel close-fit receive array introduces a promising technology for future improvement of imaging in patients with DBS implants. Magn Reson Med 77:1701-1712, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A systems thinking approach to prospective planning of interventions for chronic kidney disease care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem. Previous approaches to improve CKD care tend to focus on the linear relationships between a specific intervention and its effects on the target CKD population. The objective of this paper is to investigate how a systems thinking approach can support decision making on system-level interventions for chronic disease management. Our research team conducted a case study at an academic health-care organization. To support prospective planning of interventions at the study institution, we adopted a systems thinking approach in three phases: intervention structuring, causal loop modeling, and implementation planning. In the first phase, four potential interventions were proposed to address gaps in the current system. In the second phase, a causal loop diagram was developed to identify feedback loops and evaluate potential impacts of the interventions on patients and care providers. In the last phase, the analysis was linked to decision making on intervention implementation. Overall, this whole process based on systems thinking helped the health-care organization to holistically understand the impact of various components of their CKD care system. Furthermore, the findings from the qualitative modeling and analysis provided the leadership with insights into gaps in care and a way forward for implementing interventions more successfully and effectively.
“Social Anxiety” in Infancy

Consider the following vignette: Brian, an 8-month-old infant, crawled briskly into his family’s living room and stopped when he reached the middle of the floor. He paused to scan, with a sober expression, the faces of the unfamiliar adults surrounding him until he viewed his mother’s smiling demeanor, at which time he broke into an animated grin and an explosive cackle. During the next half hour, Brian played happily at his mother’s feet while adult conversation continued. On one occasion, his mother left the room briefly to prepare refreshments. When he later looked up to discover his mother missing, Brian’s happy play deteriorated into anguished sobs until his mother returned. It took a few additional minutes of comfort before he was ready to return to play again. At the end of the meeting, one of the adults stooped down to Brian and asked cheerily, “How ya doin’, big fella?” Brian looked up at him with a serious expression for a moment. Then he turned to his mother with loud sobs.
TIDAL LOCKS ACROSS THE EAST RIVER: AN ENGINEERING SOLUTION TO THE REHABILITATION OF WESTERN LONG ISLAND SOUND

ABSTRACT Water quality in western Long Island Sound and New York Harbor is seriously degraded. A major source of pollutants is sewage released into the East River, a cooscillating tidal strait connecting the Sound to the Harbor. Very rapid and significant improvements in water quality could be attained by constructing ship locks across the Upper East River to increase the circulation of the sea through the Harbor and Sound. During ebb tide these locks would be opened, allowing an unhindered flow of Sound water into the Harbor. After six hours the locks would be closed at slack water, blocking the following flood tide from re-entering the Sound. The net result would be a strong pulsating unidirectional flow (˜2500 m3sec−1) of relatively clean central Long Island Sound water, pumped by the semi diurnal tides through New York Harbor, and the Lower Bay, out into the New York Bight. Simple models indicate that the concentration of conservative contaminants in the western Sound and the Harbor would drop by ˜88% and ˜45%, respectively, from present levels, within a month of operation. The accompanying decreases in inorganic nutrient concentrations are calculated and tabulated for both winter and summer conditions. The major physical effects of blocking Hudson River water from entering the Sound through the East River would be to change the essential estuarine characteristics of western Long Island Sound to those of a coastal embayment, and increasing the salinity of the western Sound and New York Harbor both by ˜4%°°.
Effects of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Goals on Student Achievement Using Computer-Based Drill-and-Practice.

This study investigated the effects of four different goal structures on mathematics achievement among students assigned to work with partners on a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) arithmetic task.Forty-six mildly handicapped junior high school students were paired and assigned to cooperative, competitive, individualistic, and no goal control conditions. Dyads worked ten minutes per day, three days per week, over a four-week period on a mathematics game designed to increase single-digit computation fluency. Students practiced with their partners, recorded and graphed daily computer scores, and received points for backup reinforcers according to the goal condition under which they worked.Two-way analyses of variance for repeated measures on paper-and-pencil and computer-based achievement scores indicated that students improved their rates of correct responding over time, regardless of goal condition. A discussion of findings and implications for future research are included.
Genomic Variation in an Osteosarcoma Cell Line Caused by Pore Migration

Normal and diseased cells in vivo sometimes squeeze their nucleus through tissues and basement membrane matrices. Recent studies has shown that constricted migration give rise to an increase in GFP-53BP1 marked DNA damage and to die more frequently, but any effect on genome integrity is unknown. Similar studies here with one of the cancer cell lines, U2OS osteosarcoma cells, show that such migration increases gH2AX foci, increases electrophoretic displacements of DNA from isolated nuclei, and changes chromosome copy numbers. DNA breaks decrease over time and the cells proliferate normally on rigid plastic, but lasting changes in chromosome copy number are revealed by standard DNA array methods. DNA repair factors tend to be more cytoplasmic after migration, which is consistent with reports of migration-induced nuclear envelope rupture as is cell death due to inhibition of repair. Accumulation of mutations in cancer progression is often associated with the replication stress during cell division. The repair of migration-induced DSBs through the mutation prone non-homologous end joining, could potentially provide an alternative path toward mutation accumulation, increasing intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Genomic instability is closely related to the development and progress of cancer, which is a major disease in the US and around the world. New cures to cancer will benefit from new insights into basic mechanisms of nuclear processes in migration.
The Genetics of Thrombosis

Coagulation and hemostasis are the result of a complex interplay of platelets, coagulation factors, and fibrinolytic proteins. Genetic variants underlying these factors may contribute to derangement of this coordinated system, resulting in abnormal coagulation or fibrinolysis and subsequent thrombosis. Human pathologic thrombosis remains a complex, heterogeneous disease. The advent of advanced genetic and molecular technologies has facilitated an explosion of studies of genetics of human thrombotic disease, resulting in several advances in our understanding of such disorders.
X-ray spectral calibration from transmission measurements using Gaussian blur model

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest towards spectral computed tomography (CT) driven by a growing demand in photon-counting detectors. In performing spectral CT scanning, a practical issue is to accurately calibrate the spectral response of the X-ray imaging system. Mis-calibrated detector elements can lead to strong ring artifacts in the reconstructed tomographic image. For the purpose of modeling the spectral response, we propose a Gaussian blur model combined with the prior information on the X-ray spectra that accurately predicts the transmission curve and at the same time recovers realistic estimate of the spectra. This proposed method uses a low dimensional representation of the X-ray spectra by enforcing a sparsity constraint on the parameters of the Gaussian blur model. These parameters are estimated by formulating a constrained optimization problem, and two algorithms are suggested to solve such problem in an efficient way. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated on the simulated transmission measurements of known thicknesses of known materials. The performance of the two algorithms are also compared through the error between estimated and model X-ray spectra and the error between the predicted and simulated transmission curves.
Bladder cancer local staging: multiparametric MRI performance following transurethral resection

To evaluate the performance of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for the local staging of bladder cancer following transurethral resection of bladder tumor. This Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective study identified 45 patients with pathology-proven bladder cancer who underwent transurethral resection followed by mpMRI between August 2011 and October 2016. Two radiologists reviewed each MRI independently and assigned T and N stage. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for the presence of muscle invasion (T2 or higher), peri-vesical invasion (T3 or higher), and regional nodal disease compared to findings at cystectomy as the reference standard. Inter-observer agreement was measured using Cohen’s κ coefficient. Of 45 patients, 13% were stage T2, 27% T3, 16% T4; of 40 patients, 28% had regional nodal disease. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of mpMRI for readers 1 and 2, respectively, were muscle invasion, 92% and 88%, 74% and 84%, 81% and 88%, 88% and 84%, 84% and 86%; peri-vesical invasion, 72% and 67%, 92% and 92%, 87% and 86%, 81% and 79%, 83% and 81%; regional nodal disease, 45% and 45%, 93% and 90%, 71% and 63%, 82% and 81%, 80% and 78%. Inter-observer agreement was good using all sequences. mpMRI was both sensitive and specific in the detection of muscle invasive bladder cancer, and was specific but not sensitive for both peri-vesical invasion and nodal involvement. mpMRI may have a role at locally staging bladder cancer following transurethral resection.
Two-time correlators for propagating squeezed microwave fields in transients

We analyze two-time correlators as the most natural characteristic of a propagating quadrature-squeezed field in the transient regime. The considered system is a parametrically driven resonator with a time-dependent drive. Using a semiclassical approach derived from the input-output theory, we develop a technique for calculation of the two-time correlators, which are directly related to fluctuations of the measured integrated signal. While in the steady state the correlators are determined by three parameters (as for the phase-space ellipse describing a squeezed state), four parameters are necessary in the transient regime. The formalism can be generalized to weakly nonlinear resonators with additional coherent drive. We focus on squeezed microwave fields relevant to the measurement of superconducting qubits; however, our formalism is also applicable to optical systems. The results can be readily verified experimentally.
Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean: A Review

One of the first modern scientific observations of internal waves in the ocean was made in the Arctic by Nansen (1902). Since that time, the bulk of observations of internal waves have been made in temperate oceans. There are a number of reviews of this work, among them are those given in a 1975 collection of internal wave papers in Volume 80 of the Journal of Geophysical Research and by Munk (1981). After three decades of intensive research in temperate waters there are still major questions regarding internal waves: How are they generated? Why do spectral properties of internal waves have the universal properties they appear to have? How do the waves decay and interact with each other? How do they affect the small-scale ocean structure?
On the consequences of electrical failures of PF magnet systems for fusion reactors

Several fault scenarios for electrical failures in the Poloidal Field (PF) magnet system are investigated involving shorts and faults with constant applied voltage at the coil terminals. A simplifi...
Thalamic pain and stereotactic mesencephalotomy.

The severe pain that can be experienced by stroke patients is refractory both to drugs and to non-medical therapies. Various surgical procedures are widely advocated for its relief, stereotactic mesencephalic tractotomy in particular providing good results.
La poesía "frecuentada de ministros grandes": amateurismo y poesía barroca

In the 17th century the professionalization of the poet is set in contrast with the persistent cultivation of lyricism by noblemen and great men of the kingdom, in an attitude which combines writing with patronage. This fact is also situated in a double paradigm, social and literary, with opposing yet complementary hierarchies. Their conflation fosters the increasing prestige of poetry, even if it implies a confiict with respect to the autonomy that characterizes the poet's performance and the nature of his writing.
Role of c-myc and p27 in anti-IgM induced B-lymphoma apoptosis.

Crosslinking membrane IgM receptors on a set of murine B cell lymphomas leads to a rapid increase in c-myc, followed by a decrease in its expression to undetectable levels by 8–24 hours. These cells die soon thereafter via apoptosis. IgD receptor crosslinking also leads to an increase in c-myc expression, but it remains above baseline levels for more than 24 hours; these cells continue to proliferate and do not die. We previously reported that antisense oligonucleotides for c-myc prevented growth arrest and cell death in these lymphomas, independent of the presence of mitogenic CpG motifs. Indeed, antisense for c-myc actually led to a stabilization of c-myc message and protein. Growth arrest in these cells is dependent on the increased synthesis of the p27 cyclin kinase inhibitor (Kipl) normally induced after anti-IgM crosslinking. Consistent with its biologic effects, anti-IgD does not cause an increase in p27. Since dexamethasone causes a loss of myc and synergizes with the anti-IgM signal, we suggest that accelerated cell death with this steroid in the presence of anti-IgM is due to a more rapid degradation of this oncogene product. Finally, we propose that c-myc drives the transcription or activation of an inhibitor of the p27 Kip (Kipi). Hence, loss of c-myc in response to anti-IgM signals in these B-cell lymphomas leads to upregulation of p27, growth arrest and apoptosis. It follows that maintenance of c-myc in these B-cell lymphomas should lead to survival and no increase in p27.
Abstract 5743: Aberrant microRNA expression dysregulates the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma immune landscape

Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising treatments for several cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the failure of a large percentage of patients to respond to immunotherapy remains the ultimate obstacle to successful treatment. Etiology-associated dysregulation of genes involved in the immune system may be central to the development of differential clinical response to immunotherapy. Smoking, one of the main causes of HNSCC, may have a dual effect on the efficacy of immunotherapy. On one hand, mutations caused by tobacco are very effective in promoting antigenicity, thus enhancing immunogenicity. On the other hand, tobacco may alter cellular processes in a way that causes immunotherapy to fail. For example, microRNA-induced mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation could be critical in the dysregulation of immune associated (IA) genes. Using next generation sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified a comprehensive panel of dysregulated IA genes, including tobacco-associated dysregulated IA genes, in HNSCC samples compared to normal controls. To validate our findings, normal and cancer epithelial cell lines (HaCaT and UMSCC22B) were exposed to physiologically relevant doses of cigarette smoke condensate, and qPCR was performed to determine tobacco regulation of IA gene expression. Several IA genes, including FOXA2, SEMA3G, PLAU, OLR1, and DKK1, were significantly dysregulated and corroborated with the direction of dysregulation from our analysis of clinical data. The expressions of these genes also showed significant correlation with patient survival in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (univariate cox regression, p Citation Format: Yuanhao Qu, Wei Tse Li, Christine O. Honda, Omar Saad, Aswini R. Krishnan, Sunil J. Advani, Weg M. Ongkeko. Aberrant microRNA expression dysregulates the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma immune landscape [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5743.
Argentina, Estocolmo, Netflix y el síndrome de la identidad perdida

Aunque la trama principal de la primera serie policial argentina en Netflix Estocolmo: Identidad perdida (2016) gira alrededor de un referente globalizado—la trata de mujeres-- este thriller noir es una produccion cultural del neoliberalismo en como manipula el trauma del pasado dictatorial (1976-1983) a traves del uso de los simbolos asociados con la memoria historica argentina. Ademas, a traves del prisma del sindrome de Estocolmo, la serie propone que las mujeres disfrutan y son complices de su propia opresion.
Elevated Tryptase in EoE Is an Independent Phenomenon Associated with Extra-Esophageal Symptoms.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease characterized histologically by > 15 eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf). Esophageal mucosal mast cells have been implicated in EoE pathogenesis. The association of atopy with EoE has been established but has not been correlated with levels of serum tryptase. The lack of concurrent atopy in some patients suggests the possibility that atopy may either be the related subtype of EoE or may be a sign of comorbidities. No study has looked at whether patients present with different phenotypes/comorbid disease when they have evidence of elevated serum tryptase. We hypothesized that these patients differ with respect to presentation and comorbidities with more refractory GI disease. To examine whether elevations of serum tryptase associate with different, more severe clinical presentations in EoE patients which may be explained via mast cell activation. Retrospective chart review identified 72 patients with EoE with results for serum tryptase between 2015 and 2016. Patients were classified as TryptaseHI (tryptase > 10.9 µg/l) and TryptaseLO (< 10.9 µg/l). Clinical characteristics and treatment response were compared using univariate analysis and multivariate regression between the groups. Out of 72 patients, 12 were tested as TryptaseHI (16.7%, 95% CI 8.1–25.3%). TryptaseHI was associated frequently with asthma (P = 0.0003), urticaria (P = 0.002), arthralgia (P = 0.005), sinusitis (P = 0.03), nausea/vomiting (P = 0.046), and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (P = 0.001). Asthma and arthralgia were found to be significantly associated with TryptaseHI (P = 0.0013, P = 0.0098, respectively). Mucosal eosinophil counts and tryptase levels were not correlated (R2 0.095, P = 0.77). Tryptase did not resolve with resolution of esophageal eosinophilia. We found that EoE patients with elevated tryptase levels more commonly presented with asthma, urticaria, arthralgia, nausea/vomiting, sinusitis, and more distal eosinophilia. This indicates that atopy in EoE patients warrants further exploration. The lack of correlation between histologic remission and reduction of serum tryptase levels post-treatment suggests that mast cell activation may be an independent, yet associated disease. More study into this unique association is warranted.
Abstract WP284: Tpa for Patients Found to Have Stroke Mimics is Safe via Telemedicine

Introduction: tPA use is safe over telemedicine (TM) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Risk of tPA for stroke mimics (SM) is low when administered in-person. Assessment of SM over TM may differ than ...
Towards megapixel-class germanium charge-coupled devices for broadband x-ray detectors

A germanium charge-coupled device (CCD) offers the advantages of a silicon CCD for X-ray detection – excellent uniformity, low read noise, high energy resolution, and noiseless on-chip charge summation – while covering an even broader spectral range. Notably, a germanium CCD offers the potential for broadband X-ray sensitivity with similar or even superior energy resolution than silicon, albeit requiring lower operating temperatures (≤ 150K) to achieve sufficiently low dark noise due to the lower band gap of this material. The recent demonstration of high-quality gate dielectrics on germanium with low surface-state density and low gate leakage is foundational for realization of high-quality imaging devices on this material. Building on this advancement, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has been developing germanium CCDs for several years, with design, fabrication, and characterization of kpixel-class front-illuminated devices discussed recently. In this article, we describe plans to scale these small arrays to megapixel-class imaging devices with performance suitable for scientific applications. Specifically, we discuss our efforts to increase charge-transfer efficiency, reduce dark current, improve fabrication yield, and fabricate backside-illuminated devices with excellent sensitivity.