cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
De-stressing mommy: ameliorative association with dispositional optimism and resiliency

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of dispositional optimism on levels of stress, resiliency and salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) in employed mothers. The participants, comprised of 37 mothers (26 married and 11 single), were asked to render a timed saliva sample and complete a questionnaire package (demographic sheet, stress, resiliency and optimism inventories). Results indicated that mothers who were more optimistic tended to report less distress and greater resiliency. Furthermore, life event stress was positively related to self-reported levels of distress. Salivary IgA did not correlate significantly with the above psychological variables. These data provide additional support regarding the buffering effect of dispositional optimism on the stress experience and has practical implications for the cultivation of learned optimism in employed mothers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strengths and Stressors in a Population of Kinship Caregivers: Implications for Caseload Management and Administration:

This article presents the results from 77 interviews with kinship caregivers participating in the child-only component of the TANF program. The authors interviewed caregivers using the Strengths and Stressors Tracking Device (SSTD). Key findings include: Most caregivers and their families possess significant strengths that can be used in a strengths-based approach to case management; environmental stress—an acknowledged ecological correlate with potential for abuse and neglect—is an area of strength; and permanency planning and long-term stability of the kinship care situation should be a major focus of social services and case managers. This research offers a valuable contribution to child welfare and kinship care literature because it provides evidence-based research to demonstrate the significant strengths in a caregiving population.
Aging and Sexual Orientation: A 25-Year Review of the Literature

In a review of 58 articles published between 1984 and 2008, this article synthesizes the recent state of social research on older lesbian, gay male, and bisexual adults in order to summarize existing knowledge about these groups, to guide future research on aging, and to identify the substantive issues affecting their lives. Based on a life-course perspective, the primary research domains identified include the interplay of lives and historical times and linked and interdependent lives. After reviewing the literature in each of these areas, the article presents an examination of the strengths and limitations of the body of knowledge and an outline of a blueprint for future research.
Survival of Brevibacterium linens (ATCC 9174) after spray drying, freeze drying, or freezing.

The objectives of this work were to: (1) contrast spray drying, freeze drying and freezing for large-scale preservation of B. linens, (2) determine the thermal resistance curves, and (3) measure the storage stability. When B. linens was freeze-dried and frozen in feed suspensions containing 3% (w/v) cell paste and 25% (w/w) total solids, survival was 100%. During spray drying, lethal thermal injury was the main cause of loss of viability. Accordingly, by extrapolation, 100% viability would be possible at an outlet-air temperature of 57°C. Spray-dried and freeze-dried cells were stable during storage at 4°C in the absence of oxygen and moisture.
Social Networks in the Information Horizons of Undergraduate Students

The information horizon is a mental map where users position their information sources in different contexts and situations, and the social network is one of the critical concepts in information horizons. Previous research on undergraduate and graduate students' information horizons has revealed that various human sources are used in academic or career-related contexts (Sonnenwald, Wildemuth. & Harmon, 2001; Tsai, 2010). While most literature shows that stronger tie sources are more likely to be used as a preferred or primary information source (Steffes & Burgee, 2009), Granovetter (1973) emphasizes the importance of ”the strength of weak ties” in information diffusion. This study aims to examine undergraduates' social networks in their coursework-related information horizons as well as to investigate how strong and weak ties are positioned in their information horizons. A pretest of a web survey with 18 responses and 3 brief follow-up interviews were conducted with an undergraduate class at a large state university. After the pretest, fifteen undergraduate students were recruited to participate in the study. Results showed that undergraduate students tend to rely more on their colleagues and teaching assistants than on professors when they have questions on coursework-related issues. While stronger ties may be more frequently consulted for moral support, the tie strength does not necessarily determine the frequency of consultation about other coursework-related issues.
Role of adaptive management for watershed councils.

Recent findings in the Umpqua River Basin in southwestern Oregon illustrate a tension in the rise of both community-based and watershed-based approaches to aquatic resource management. While community-based institutions such as watershed councils offer relief from the government control landowners dislike, community-based approaches impinge on landowners' strong belief in independence and private property rights. Watershed councils do offer the local control landowners advocate; however, institutional success hinges on watershed councils' ability to reduce bureaucracy, foster productive discussion and understanding among stakeholders, and provide financial, technical, and coordination support. Yet, to accomplish these tasks current watershed councils rely on the fiscal and technical capital of the very governmental entities that landowners distrust. Adaptive management provides a basis for addressing the apparent tension by incorporating landowners' belief in environmental resilience and acceptance of experimentation that rejects “one size fits all solutions.” Therefore community-based adaptive watershed management provides watershed councils a framework that balances landowners' independence and fear of government intrusion, acknowledges the benefits of community cooperation through watershed councils, and enables ecological assessment of landowner-preferred practices. Community-based adaptive management integrates social and ecological suitability to achieve conservation outcomes by providing landowners the flexibility to use a diverse set of conservation practices to achieve desired ecological outcomes, instead of imposing regulations or specific practices.
Global distribution and diversity of marine Verrucomicrobia

Verrucomicrobia is a bacterial phylum that is commonly detected in soil, but little is known about the distribution and diversity of this phylum in the marine environment. To address this, we analyzed the marine microbial community composition in 506 samples from the International Census of Marine Microbes as well as 11 coastal samples taken from the California Current. These samples from both the water column and sediments covered a wide range of environmental conditions. Verrucomicrobia were present in 98% of the analyzed samples, and thus appeared nearly ubiquitous in the ocean. Based on the occurrence of amplified 16S ribosomal RNA sequences, Verrucomicrobia constituted on average 2% of the water column and 1.4% of the sediment bacterial communities. The diversity of Verrucomicrobia displayed a biogeography at multiple taxonomic levels and thus, specific lineages appeared to have clear habitat preference. We found that subdivision 1 and 4 generally dominated marine bacterial communities, whereas subdivision 2 was more frequent in low salinity waters. Within the subdivisions, Verrucomicrobia community composition were significantly different in the water column compared with sediment as well as within the water column along gradients of salinity, temperature, nitrate, depth and overall water column depth. Although we still know little about the ecophysiology of Verrucomicrobia lineages, the ubiquity of this phylum suggests that it may be important for the biogeochemical cycle of carbon in the ocean.
Optical detectors for spectroscopy

The modes of operation of photoconductive and photoemissive array detectors are described, and their performance characteristics compared and contrasted, with emphasis on their suitability for use as detectors for optical spectroscopy. The prospects for future developments of the array detectors are discussed.
Assessing Health Literacy in Heart Failure Patients

Abstract Background Health literacy has important implications for health interventions and clinical outcomes. The Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) is a timed test used to assess health literacy in many clinical populations. However, its usefulness in heart failure (HF) patients, many of whom are elderly with compromised cognitive function, is unknown. We investigated the relationship between the S-TOFHLA total score at the recommended 7-minute limit and with no time limit (NTL). Methods and Results We enrolled 612 rural-dwelling adults with HF (mean age 66.0 ± 13.0 years, 58.8% male). Characteristics affecting health literacy were identified by multiple regression. Percentage of correct scores improved from 71% to 86% (mean percent change 15.1 ± 18.1%) between the 7-minute and NTL scores. Twenty-seven percent of patients improved ≥1 literacy level with NTL scores ( P Conclusion Patients with HF may be inaccurately categorized as having low or marginal health literacy when the S-TOFHLA time limits are enforced. New ways to assess health literacy in older adults are needed.
Ablation of rat TRPV1-expressing Adelta/C-fibers with resiniferatoxin: analysis of withdrawal behaviors, recovery of function and molecular correlates

Ablation of TRPV1-expressing nociceptive fibers with the potent capsaicin analog resiniferatoxin (RTX) results in long lasting pain relief. RTX is particularly adaptable to focal application, and the induced chemical axonopathy leads to analgesia with a duration that is influenced by dose, route of administration, and the rate of fiber regeneration. TRPV1 is expressed in a subpopulation of unmyelinated C- and lightly myelinated Adelta fibers that detect changes in skin temperature at low and high rates of noxious heating, respectively. Here we investigate fiber-type specific behaviors, their time course of recovery and molecular correlates of axon damage and nociception using infrared laser stimuli following an RTX-induced peripheral axonopathy. RTX was injected into rat hind paws (mid-plantar) to produce thermal hypoalgesia. An infrared diode laser was used to stimulate Adelta fibers in the paw with a small-diameter (1.6 mm), high-energy, 100 msec pulse, or C-fibers with a wide-diameter (5 mm), long-duration, low-energy pulse. We monitored behavioral responses to indicate loss and regeneration of fibers. At the site of injection, responses to C-fiber stimuli were significantly attenuated for two weeks after 5 or 50 ng RTX. Responses to Adelta stimuli were significantly attenuated for two weeks at the highest intensity stimulus, and for 5 weeks to a less intense Adelta stimulus. Stimulation on the toe, a site distal to the injection, showed significant attenuation of Adelta responses for 7- 8 weeks after 5 ng, or 9-10 weeks after 50 ng RTX. In contrast, responses to C-fiber stimuli exhibited basically normal responses at 5 weeks after RTX. During the period of fiber loss and recovery, molecular markers for nerve regeneration (ATF3 and galanin) are upregulated in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) when behavior is maximally attenuated, but markers of nociceptive activity (c-Fos in spinal cord and MCP-1 in DRG), although induced immediately after RTX treatment, returned to normal. Behavioral recovery following peripheral RTX treatment is linked to regeneration of TRPV1-expressing Adelta and C-fibers and sustained expression of molecular markers. Infrared laser stimulation is a potentially valuable tool for evaluating the behavioral role of Adelta fibers in pain and pain control.
Beam Steering in the SLC Linac

In order to control emittance growth due to transverse wakefields it will be necessary to transport electrons and positrons through the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) linac to within a hundred ?m of the centers of the linac irises. Beam centering will be accomplished using computer routines to read stripline beam position monitors and in turn correct the orbits with dipole magnets. Several different steering algorithms have been investigated using electrons in the first third of the SLC linac lattice. The most promising scheme is a cascade of modified "three-bumps" in conjunction with long spanning harmonic corrections. General features of the orbit correcting software are discussed along with the mathematical recipes for correction. Experimental results and a discussion of future plans are presented.
Microfabricated thermal modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional micro gas chromatography: design, thermal modeling, and preliminary testing.

In comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), a modulator is placed at the juncture between two separation columns to focus and re-inject eluting mixture components, thereby enhancing the resolution and the selectivity of analytes. As part of an effort to develop a μGC×μGC prototype, in this report we present the design, fabrication, thermal operation, and initial testing of a two-stage microscale thermal modulator (μTM). The μTM contains two sequential serpentine Pyrex-on-Si microchannels (stages) that cryogenically trap analytes eluting from the first-dimension column and thermally inject them into the second-dimension column in a rapid, programmable manner. For each modulation cycle (typically 5 s for cooling with refrigeration work of 200 J and 100 ms for heating at 10 W), the μTM is kept approximately at −50 °C by a solid-state thermoelectric cooling unit placed within a few tens of micrometres of the device, and heated to 250 °C at 2800 °C s−1 by integrated resistive microheaters and then cooled back to −50 °C at 250 °C s−1. Thermal crosstalk between the two stages is less than 9%. A lumped heat transfer model is used to analyze the device design with respect to the rates of heating and cooling, power dissipation, and inter-stage thermal crosstalk as a function of Pyrex-membrane thickness, air-gap depth, and stage separation distance. Experimental results are in agreement with trends predicted by the model. Preliminary tests using a conventional capillary column interfaced to the μTM demonstrate the capability for enhanced sensitivity and resolution as well as the modulation of a mixture of alkanes.
Computer‐Aided planning of purge operations

A strategy is proposed for synthesizing operating procedures for purging species from chemical processing systems during start-up. This strategy is based in part on the artificial intelligence methods of planning with constraints and symbolic functional modeling of chemical processing systems. Techniques are introduced for identifying chemical species to be purged, choosing methods and auxiliary fluids for executing purge tasks, and allocating chemical species to their final destinations. The implementation of this strategy is illustrated with the example of purging a hydrocarbon chlorination system during start-up.
The School Counselor Leadership Survey: Instrument Development and Exploratory Factor Analysis.

This study examined the factor structure of the School Counselor Leadership Survey (SCLS). Survey development was a threefold process that resulted in a 39-item survey of 801 school counselors and school counselor supervisors. The exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure that revealed five key dimensions of school counselor leadership: (a) interpersonal influence, (b) systemic collaboration, (c) resourceful problem solving, (d) professional efficacy, and (e) social justice advocacy. This article discusses implications for practice, research, and training.
Learning = Inferencing + Memorizing

This chapter presents a general conceptual framework for describing and classifying learning processes. The framework is based on the Inferential Theory of Learning that views learning as a search through a knowledge space aimed at deriving knowledge that satisfies a learning goal. Such a process involves performing various forms of inference, and memorizing results for future use. The inference may be of any type—deductive, inductive or analogical. It can be performed explicitly, as in many symbolic systems, or implicitly, as in artificial neural nets. Two fundamental types of learning are distinguished: analytical learning that reformulates a given knowledge to the desirable form (e.g., skill acquisition), and synthetic learning that creates new knowledge (e.g., concept learning). Both types can be characterized in terms of knowledge transmutations that are involved in transforming given knowledge (input plus background knowledge) into the desirable knowledge. Several transmutations are discussed in a novel way, such as deductive and inductive generalization, abductive derivation, deductive and inductive specialization, abstraction and concretion. The presented concepts are used to develop a general classification of learning processes.
Direct electrochemical oxidation of ethanol on SOFCs: Improved carbon tolerance of Ni anode by alloying

Abstract Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy in fuels into electrical energy through an electrochemical oxidation process. This technology is attractive since SOFCs can in principle utilize a range of combustible fuels including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons offering higher efficiencies than conventional electricity generators with limited emission of a number of common air pollutants such as NO x and SO x . The environmental efficiency of SOFC devices can further be improved by utilizing fuels that are more carbon-neutral (e.g., biofuels such as ethanol) than conventional fossil fuels. One of the problems with employing oxygenated liquid biofuels is that conventional Ni anode electro-catalysts deactivate due to carbon deposition on the surface of the anode during the process of electocatalytic fuel oxidation. We show that the stability of Ni SOFC anode electrocatalysts during electrochemical oxidation of ethanol is significantly improved when a small amount of Sn is introduced in the electrocatalyst design. The improvement in the stability is manifested in a more stable operation and higher kinetic currents of Sn/Ni compared to Ni electrodes under identical conditions with ethanol fuel. We discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced stability of the anodes and propose a number of guiding principles for the design of carbon-tolerant anodes for oxidation of oxygenated hydrocarbons.
Counter-terrorism Strategies in a Fragmented International Legal Order: Terrorist crimes and the aut dedere aut judicare obligation

Extradition battles are fought at the confluence of competing legal domains, conflicting human rights obligations, and politically charged contexts.Because terrorist acts undermine the quintessential function of a state by endangering the core human rights of her citizens, the correlative legal duty either to surrender a suspect to another state with the jurisdiction and willingness to prosecute or to adjudicate the case in its own national courts (termed aut dedere aut judicare) encompasses a grave responsibility even as it exemplifies the solemn duty to join in common purpose to combat terrorism. As a qualitative matter of modern international law, terrorist offenses are on substantive par with the grave breach provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the 1948 Genocide Convention, and the provisions of the Torture Convention precisely because of the aut dedere aut judicare obligation. The lofty status of these categories of criminality as the core jus cogens violations proscribed by the express language of almost universally binding international treaty obligations makes aut dedere aut judicare really nothing more than a common sense obligation rooted in community morality that morphed into international obligation. Terrorist attacks endanger the whole range of human rights otherwise enjoyed by the victims of such attacks. The aut dedere aut judicare obligation as applied to terrorist cases thus reflects an entirely logical extension of the paramount state obligation to protect the basic human rights of all persons within their scope of lawful authority. Hence, the duty to prosecute terrorist crimes in some sense represents an extension of state authority to protect the human rights of its own citizens, as well as those from other states. This chapter examines the scope of the present obligation to cooperate in the investigation and prosecution of terrorist acts. The integrated aspect of the cooperative framework must be fully appreciated and consistently applied by states. The inherent obstacles of these complex and often emotionally and politically charged cases often prevent a uniform realization of the textual aspiration for a holistic response to terrorist acts relying on the aut dedere aut judicare obligation. This chapter concludes by making three specific recommendations that would constitute progressive developments in the framework of international law to help ensure efficient judicial responses to acts of terror.
Longasphaera Bechyné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini: Oedionychina) a New Synonym of Omophoita Chevrolat

Abstract Examination of the holotype and comparison to other material reveal that the monotypic genus Longasphaera Bechyne is a junior synonym of Omophoita Chevrolat new synonymy. Therefore, the type species of Longasphaera, L. hispicornis Bechyne is given a new combination, O. hispicornis (Bechyne). Omophoita hispicornis is illustrated for the first time and characteristics of its labral setation that partially define the Bechyne concept of genus Omophoita are discussed.
Gifts from the molecular revolution: protection and repair of the injured spinal cord.

AbstractSummary: Progress in molecular neurobiology is occurring at an accelerating rate, and the newer results carry with them an almost unprecedented degree of specificity. This, tagether with the development of techniques that permit, at least in principle, the targeting of DNA, RNA, and proteins in vivo, opens up a spectrum of possible new interventions, which almost certainly will have significant impact on the search for new therapies, and ultimately eures, for spinal cord injury and its consequences. This article outlines several areas of progress, based on progress in the author's laboratory, which supports the suggestion that, in the foreseeable future, it will be possible to protect and repair the injured spinal cord. ln particular, this article focuses on progress in 3 interrelated areas: (a) neuroprotection (ie, the search for treatments that will protect vulnerable axons within the descending and ascending tracts within the spinal cord, so that they do not die after the initial traumatic insu...
A cost-based model for customer batching in mass service operations

Customers of mass services have similar needs. Therefore, operations managers have options to process customers in batches, rather than individually. While batching in manufacturing may reduce setup time, batching in services may reduce both setup and processing time. Although substantial prior research has been done on batch sizes in the manufacturing context, significant differences in cost structures complicate direct application of these models to services. Of special concern for polices regarding batching in service operations are immediate temporal effects on and preferences of customers. This paper synthesizes and extends previous research to develop and analyze an economic model for determining optimal batch sizes for many mass service scenarios.
Faraday Rotation Correction for the SMAP Radiometer

Faraday rotation is an important issue for remote sensing of parameters such as soil moisture and ocean salinity, which are best done at low microwave frequency (e.g., L-band). Modern instruments such as the radiometer on the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite and the Aquarius radiometers include polarimetric radiometer channels specifically to implement a correction for Faraday rotation. This works well over ocean, but it is known that over inhomogeneous scenes, such as a land/water mixture, significant errors can occur. This is a particularly important issue for the newest L-band sensor in space, the radiometer on the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite, where the goal is remote sensing over land (soil moisture) and where the conical scan induces rapid variation in Faraday rotation. Analysis is presented here of the issues associated with retrieving Faraday rotation using the SMAP geometry and antenna pattern. It is shown that, in addition to scenes with a mixture of land and water, scenes with significant vegetation canopy are also associated with large errors in the retrieved Faraday rotation. Examples from the SMAP radiometer support the analysis.
On Periodicity in Generalized Fibonacci Sequences

(1965). On Periodicity in Generalized Fibonacci Sequences. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 72, No. 8, pp. 856-861.
Electron microscope studies on the ciliary apparatus of the gill cells of Mya arenaria.

SummaryThe electron microscope demonstrates the morphology of the ciliary apparatus of the laterofrontal and frontal gill filament cells of Mya to be composed of cilia which appear to be made up of smaller fibrils, basal bodies which are fused with the basal ends of the cilia and intracellular fibrils which are also fused with the basal bodies at their distal ends. These intracellular fibrils extend basally and converge forming a cone-like structure with its apex ending in a region near the side of the nucleus. Frontal cells of the gills show in addition to the above components, a striated cuticular border composed of short filaments approximately 8300 A in length and 400 A in width. The cilia of the laterofrontal gill cells are more closely spaced than are those of the frontal gill cells.
Photocurrents from the Direct Irradiation of a Donor–Acceptor Complex Contained in a Thin Film on Indium Tin Oxide

We describe the performance of a photoelectrochemical cell based on an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex formed by the association of tetraphenylborate anion with a viologen dication siloxane film immobilized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Visible irradiation of a weak absorbance band of the EDA complex leads to simultaneous photoreduction of the viologen and photooxidation of the tetraphenylborate, forming a viologen monocation radical and tetraphenylborate radical. Spontaneous decomposition of the latter to products incapable of further reaction inhibits reverse electron transfer, permitting harvesting of the redox equivalents stored as the viologen monocation radical at the electrode. Results of statistically designed two-level factorial experiments indicate that the photocurrent increases with light intensity (L) and viologen coverage (P), but decreases with viologen siloxane film age (A). Although the solution BPh4– concentration (F) does not significantly affect the photocurrent respons...
Computerized hospital information system for an intravenous admixture service

A computerized hospital information system as applied to a centralized intravenous admixture service in a 525-bed hospital is described. A comparison between the i.v. admixture service prior to and after the installation of the system is presented. The computerized system increased the accuracy, completeness, legibility and timeliness of data communication throughout the hospital.
Hypothermia, slow pulse, and an unusual QRS complex.

A 63-year-old man was brought to the emergency department by paramedics after being found in an alley in back of a drinking establishment on an unusually cold winter night. The police recognized the patient as a homeless person who had been frequently arrested for drunkenness.The patient was markedly obtunded; pulse was 38 beats per minute and regular. Blood pressure was 60/40 mm Hg, respirations were eight per minute, and rectal temperature was 29°C (84.2°F). He was flaccid and areflexic but moved all extremities in response to deep pain. Findings on general physical examination were otherwise unremarkable.The ECG is shown.
Residual energy algorithm of role-relationship and member-relationship based on wireless sensor network

A REEM algorithm is proposed,which takes the residual energy and communication cost of sensor nodes as two parameters.The role-relationship and member-relationship between nodes are constructed in the algorithm,and information transformation is conducted through these two relationships.The role-relationship and member-relationship are dependent on the residual energy and communication cost of the nodes.The energy-balance of the wireless sensor network is obtained by the conversion of the role-relationship and member-relationship.The algorithm can make use of the node residual energy as much as possible,extend the life cycle of the network,and realize maximum information collection.
Laboratory damage appraisal and cleaning technology of hydraulic fractures

A kind of fracture cleaning acid is designed for ES-10 well in the Songzi Oilfield to remove both the fracture damage caused by residue of fracturing pad and formation damage due to drilling mud. A special loop experimental procedure is presented for modeling the flowing process of fracturing liquid from ground to fracture and the fracture damage due to uncompleted decomposition of fracturing pad or residue of fracturing fluid. The loop experiment suggests that the fracture cleaning acid is not only quite effective in decomposing residue gel, but can eliminate the damage caused by drilling mud. In order to increase the acid penetration distance and decompose the gel residue, high concentration of the fracture cleaning acid and high injection rate are applied in the treatment. The fracture damage is removed and the permeability of the formation near the fracture is improved, and the production of the well could be greatly improved.
Detection Results of Toxic Substances in Air of Workshops in Hohhot City and Surrounding Areas

[Objective]To understand the toxic substances pollution condition in the workshops of Hohhot city and surrounding areas,provide the scientific basis for the supervision departments. [Methods]According to the National occupational health standards,the toxic substances in the workshops of Hohhot city and surrounding areas were detected. [Results]5 660 air samples in workshops were examined during 2009-2010,and 5 398 samples were qualified with the total qualification rate of 95.4%. [Conclusion]The toxic substances pollution condition in air of the workshops in Hohhot city and surrounding areas is not optimistic,especially in chemical and pharmaceutical industry.It is important to strengthen the supervision and monitoring in enterprises,ameliorate the ventilation equipment in workshops,and improve the personal protection of workers.
Diabetes mellitus in fluctuant hearing loss.

1. In 161 consecutive cases of fluctuant hearing loss and 13 control cases of other causes of deafness, patients were examined for their ability to metabolize a 100 gm. oral dose of glucose. 2. The plasma glucose level in response to the oral dose of glucose was measured at hourly intervals for three hours. 3. Insulin and proinsulin levels were measured in 46 cases of fluctuant hearing loss and in 13 control cases. 4. None of the control group showed borderline or diabetic tolerance curves. 5. Fourteen per cent of the patients with fluctuant hearing loss had borderline glucose intolerance curves and 19 per cent showed diabetic glucose tolerance curves. 6. In patients whose insulin and proinsulin levels were determined, the insulin response to an oral glucose load was typical of adult onset diabetes, i.e., delayed hyperinsulinemia with concomitant hyperglycemia. The hyperinsulinemia was not associated with hyperproinsulinemia. 7. We conclude that in patients with fluctuant hearing loss there is a significantly higher incidence of borderline or diabetic glucose tolerance than in the "control deafness" or "normal population" group.
Response of the tautog (Tautoga onitis, teleost) to acoustic stimuli measured by classically conditioning the heart rate.

Sound detection by tautog (Tautoga onitis) was tested between 10 and 500 Hz using a conditional heart rate response. Threshold levels varied but at 150 Hz consistent responses were obtained as low as -15 db re: 1 μ bar. At temperature extremes, thresholds tended to be higher than at intermediate temperatures.
Costs and Benefits of the Ullum Dam Project: An Analytical Framework and an Empirical Exploration

In this study we present the results of a brief but extremely intensive examination of the potential costs and benefits of the projected irrigation and power dam at Ullum, in the province of San Juan, Argentina. Our investigation has led us to conclude that a methodology based on the market value of water rights is likely to provide the most accurate way of assessing the irrigation benefits of the project in question. This paper will concentrate on developing this methodology, and on providing its underlying rationale. We shall also present the results of assessing the costs and benefits of the project under a variety of alternative assumptions concerning the key variables involved. The alternatives chosen provide in each case a range which, in our judgment and on the basis of the information available to us, spans the plausible values of the variable in question. However, we should note at the outset that constraints of time and resources have not permitted us to carry our empirical investigations as far as we would like. It is possible, therefore, that further work will indicate that, in the cases of one or more variables, the range that we have chosen should be extended, narrowed, or otherwise modified.
Long J. L. 2003. Introduced Mammals of the World: their History, Distribution and Abundance. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, and CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom, xxi + 589 pp. ISBN 0-643-06714-0, price (hardbound), $135.00.

J. L. Long 2003. Introduced Mammals of the World: their History, Distribution and Abundance. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, and CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom, xxi + 589 pp. ISBN 0-643-06714-0, price (hardbound), $135.00. Humans have been introducing animals to various regions of the world since before recorded history. Although John Long doesn't address prehistoric introductions, this tome constitutes a major undertaking to summarize historic introductions of mammals. We owe a debt of gratitude to Peter Mawson, who took on the job of completing this project when John Long passed away in 2000. After a key to the maps in the book, a short preface, acknowledgments, and a prologue (by Mawson), the book begins with a brief but synoptic introduction. Prepared by Mawson, this outlines in very readable format the reasons mammals have been introduced (esthetics, hunting, commerce, pest control, accidental escape), the principal global regions where mammals have been introduced, both the menace of successful introductions (e.g., competition, disease, hybridization, etc.) and the potential benefits (e.g., recreation, pest control), and some speculation on the future of introductions in the modern jet age. A one-page table summarizes the numbers of …
Ibn Gabirol's Theology of Desire: Matter and Method in Jewish Medieval Neoplatonism

Drawing on Arabic passages from Ibn Gabirol's original Fons Vitae text, and highlighting philosophical insights from his Hebrew poetry, Sarah Pessin develops a 'theology of desire' at the heart of Ibn Gabirol's eleventh-century cosmo-ontology. She challenges centuries of received scholarship on his work, including his so-called Doctrine of Divine Will. Pessin rejects voluntarist readings of the Fons Vitae as opposing divine emanation. She also emphasizes pseudo-Empedoclean notions of 'divine desire' and 'grounding element' alongside Ibn Gabirol's use of a particularly Neoplatonic method with apophatic (and what she terms 'doubly apophatic') implications. In this way, Pessin reads claims about matter and God as insights about love, desire, and the receptive, dependent and fragile nature of human beings. Pessin reenvisions the entire spirit of Ibn Gabirol's philosophy, moving us from a set of doctrines to a fluid inquiry into the nature of God and human being – and the bond between God and human being in desire.
EEG in Rett’s Syndrome

The electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of Rett’s syndrome were studied in 17 girls between the ages of 1 and 16 yrs at the Sections of Neurophysiology and Pediatric Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.
Determination of Protein Content in Alhydrogel ® -Based Vaccines by O -Phthalaldehyde Assay

The quantification of antigens adsorbed to aluminum-based adjuvants (alum) typically involves a method that first extracts antigen from the alum followed by the quantification of the antigen available in the extract. Extraction procedures often result in less than 100 % desorption of the antigen from the alum adjuvant and may alter the conformation of the antigen, reducing the accuracy of the subsequent method used for quantification. There is no generic method available for directly assessing the protein content when formulated on alum. Here we offer a method that can directly quantify protein adsorbed to Alhydrogel® using a simple fluorescence assay that is highly accurate and reproducible for Alhydrogel® formulations containing 25-400 μg/mL of antigen.
Conformational Contrast of Surface-Mediated Molecular Switches Yields Ångstrom-Scale Spatial Resolution in Ultrahigh Vacuum Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the ability of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to resolve atomic-scale surface features with the single-molecule chemical sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, we report additional insights into the nature of the conformational dynamics of a free-base porphyrin at room temperature adsorbed on a metal surface. We have interrogated the conformational switch between two metastable surface-mediated isomers of meso-tetrakis(3,5-ditertiarybutylphenyl)-porphyrin (H2TBPP) on a Cu(111) surface. At room temperature, the barrier between the porphyrin ring buckled up/down conformations of the H2TBPP-Cu(111) system is easily overcome, and a 2.6 A lateral resolution by simultaneous TERS and STM analysis is achieved under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. This work demonstrates the first UHV-TERS on Cu(111) and shows TERS can unambiguously distinguish the conformational differences between neighboring molecules with Angstrom-scale spatial resolu...
Abstract P194: Depression Screening in Heart Failure: Preliminary Clinical Trial Results

Purpose: To explore factors contributing to depression identified by patients and mental health nurse specialists. Background: Heart failure incidence approaches 10 per 1,000 Americans after age 65...
Recent applications of X-ray grating interferometry imaging to evaluate flame retardancy performance of brominated flame retardant

Abstract In this work, fire inhibition performance of four flame retardant formulations of brominated flame retardant (BFR: GreenArmor ® ), antimony(III) oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) is reported. The standard Underwriters Laboratory (UL 94) vertical burn test was applied for assessing the flame retardancy of a variety of polymer blends. A formulation having 13.3 wt% GreenArmor ® , 4 wt% Sb 2 O 3 and 82.7 wt% HIPS, named sample D, successfully passed the flame test and was rated V-0. The other formulations with deficient composition exhibited low flame retardancy, as expected. The X-ray grating interferometry method is introduced for probing the 3D internal structures across the burnt UL 94 flame retarded polymer blend formulations to present the detailed mechanisms of flame retardancy. The X-ray images revealed several features for the formulation (sample D) that passed the UL 94 test: heat-induced dissolution of BFR and Sb 2 O 3 residual particles, formation of gas bubbles inside the burnt polymer test bar, deflation of gas bubbles in a char layer through a microcrack, and thick char layer development, defined by the Br and Sb concentration profile to a depth of 100–220 μm. Also, the X-ray images show clear differences between formulations that pass and fail the UL 94 test. X-ray grating interferometry imaging is proposed as a novel technique for assessment of new generation flame retardants.
Bioluminescence Imaging of Spontaneous Lymphomas and Contribution of Distinct NFκB Pathways.

Abstract The nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways have been implicated in tumorigenesis in several lymphoid malignancies, but the responsible mechanisms remain to be fully defined. EBV and HTLV-1 immortalized lymphoma cell lines with constitutively active NFκB were found to be resistant to inducers of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Several NFκB-target genes were over-expressed in these cell lines, including Bcl-xL, Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1β converting enzyme inhibitor protein (FLIP), and inhibitors of apoptosis (CIAP, XIAP, and survivin). Inhibition of the canonical or non-canonical NFκB pathways with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or adenovirus expressing a stable form of inhibitor of NFκB (IκB) enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis inducers, and resulted in lower levels of expression these NFκB target genes. Repression of XIAP with siRNA was particularly potent in enhancing apoptosis sensitivity. These findings demonstrate an important role of both NFκB pathways in mediating resistance to apoptosis, and distinctive anti-apoptotic downstream target gene profiles responsible for this effect. In order to utilize HTLV-1 Tax activity as an in vivo biomarker for tumorigenesis, we generated transgenic mice with firefly luciferase driven by the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTRLUC) and bred them with the GzBTax animals to produce double transgenic LTRLUC/GzBTax (LLT) mice which develop large granular lymphocytic leukemia, splenomegaly, localized bone destruction, and solid tumors of the ears, legs, nose, and tail. We found that the bioluminescence of the LLT mice serves as a reporter for spontaneous tumorigenesis in vivo, is transferable as a useful tumor marker in cell culture and allograft models derived from primary tumors, is inducible by immunomodulatory agents, and is a sensitive indicator for even the earliest events in tumor development.
Breaking Out of the Circle

What’s wrong with begging the question? Some philosophers believe that question-begging arguments are inevitably fallacious and that their fallaciousness stems from a shared “formal” deficiency. In contrast, some philosophers, like Robinson (Analysis 31:113–117, 1971) deny that begging the question is fallacious at all. And others characterize begging the question as an “informal” fallacy of reasoning that can only be understood with the aid of epistemic (as opposed to syntactic and semantic) notions. Sorensen (Analysis 56:51–55, 1996) joins this last camp by offering a powerful argument against both Robinson’s skepticism and fully formal approaches to the phenomenon. According to Sorensen’s view, question-begging is fallacious because it compromises the rationality of the question-beggar’s position. Though his argument forces Robinson into a peculiar dialectical position, it does little to elucidate the reasons why Robinson’s position is unstable and it fails to embody Sorensen’s own conception of rationally persuasive argumentation. I utilize this conception to show how Robinson is left with no easily identifiable grounds on which to deny the fallaciousness of begging the question. By advancing the dialectic between Sorensen and Robinson, I aim to show that our argumentative practices must take the perspectives of others seriously, whether or not those perspectives are rational.
Coloring Memories and Imaginations of “Home”: Crafting a De/Colonizing Autoethnography:

In this postcolonial gendered autoethnography, I critically examine how my understanding of home was first imprinted and how, once dislocated, I have negotiated my desire for and imagination of hom...
Pioneer Research on Mathematical Models and Methods for Physical Design

In the inaugural International Symposium on Physical Design (ISPD) at 1997, Prof. Te Chiang Hu has delivered the keynote address "Physical Design: Mathematical Models and Methods" [1]. Without any question, Prof. Hu has made a lot of foundational and profound contributions to physical design automation and to computer science and mathematics in general. This paper highlights several of Prof. Hu's pioneer works related to flow and cut in a flow network to commemorate his achievements.
Vocal Resonance: Using Internal Body Voice for Wearable Authentication

We observe the advent of body-area networks of pervasive wearable devices, whether for health monitoring, personal assistance, entertainment, or home automation. For many devices, it is critical to identify the wearer, allowing sensor data to be properly labeled or personalized behavior to be properly achieved. In this paper we propose the use of vocal resonance, that is, the sound of the person's voice as it travels through the person's body -- a method we anticipate would be suitable for devices worn on the head, neck, or chest. In this regard, we go well beyond the simple challenge of speaker recognition: we want to know who is wearing the device. We explore two machine-learning approaches that analyze voice samples from a small throat-mounted microphone and allow the device to determine whether (a) the speaker is indeed the expected person, and (b) the microphone-enabled device is physically on the speaker's body. We collected data from 29 subjects, demonstrate the feasibility of a prototype, and show that our DNN method achieved balanced accuracy 0.914 for identification and 0.961 for verification by using an LSTM-based deep-learning model, while our efficient GMM method achieved balanced accuracy 0.875 for identification and 0.942 for verification.
“But He Could Not Warm Himself”: Sexual Innuendo and the Place of 1 Kgs 1,1-4

Springing off recent articles by Richard Hess and Russell Meek, this essay argues for the collaboration of vv. 1b and 4 to suggest that 1 Kgs 1,1-4 is concerned with discussing David’s impotency. I...
Shallow Wave Propagation in Open Channel Flow

The propagation characteristics of various types of shallow water waves in open channel flow are calculated on the basis of linear stability theory. The celerity and attenuation functions of kinematic, diffusion, convective dynamic, dynamic and gravity waves, are derived. For the most general case, i.e., the dynamic wave model, the propagation characteristics are expressed as a function of the steady uniform flow Froude number and the dimensionless wave number of the unsteady component of the motion. For the dynamic model, the wave number spectrum is divided into three bands: 1)A gravity band corresponding to large wave number, where the wave celerity is the gravity wave celerity; 2)a kinematic band corresponding to a small wave number where the wave celerity is the kinematic wave celerity; and 3)a dynamic band corresponding to mid-spectrum values of the wave number, where the wave celerity falls between the gravity and kinematic celerity values.