cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Cavity for Enhancing Emission from near-Surface Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Optical cavities create regions of high field intensity, which can be used for selective spectral enhancement of emitters such as the nitrogen vacancy center (NV) in diamond. This report discusses a hybrid metal–diamond photonic crystal cavity, which provides greater localization of the electric field than dielectric cavities and mitigates metal-related losses in existing plasmonic structures. We fabricated such hybrid structures using silver and single-crystal diamond and observed emission enhancement of NVs near the diamond surface. We measured a mode quality factor (Q) as high as 170 with a simulated mode volume of ∼0.1 (λ/n)3 and demonstrated its tunability. This cavity design and the associated fabrication approach specifically target enhancement of emission from near-surface NVs.
Liquid encapsulated molten zone (LEMZ) processing on STS-57

Prcliminary results from a Liquid Encapsulated Melt Zonc (LEMZ) experiment flown in the SpaceHab-01 module on STS-57 (June 21 ~ July 1. 199.3) arc rcponcd. Utilizing a low mclting point intermetallic compound as a model material, four samples, three with liquid encapsulants and one control sample filled with argon, were processed at zone translation specds ranging from 5.6sIO' to I . I U I O ~ c d s with growth times ranging from 17 to 35 hours. I t was found that stable molten zones of relatively large lengths (up to five timcs the sample diametcr) could he formed and translated. For csamplc, thc sample containing silicon oil encapsulant was processed for 35 hours during the EURECA retrieval without the loss of the zone or interuption of the growth process. In addition, the cncapsulants allowed for easier control of the zone and more uniform diametcr crystals. Comparison of thcrmnl ficlds and microstructures are presented, together with thc conditions nccessary for single crystal growth.
Determination of synthetical pigments in meat products by high-performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To establish the mothod for determination of synthetical pigments in meat products.Methods:After being degreased with ligarine,resolved with ammonia and ethanol,extracted concussively with ultrasonic wave,precipitated with mixture of lead acetate and potassium oxalate and disodium hydrogen phosphatea and filtered,the samples were separated by reverse phase liquid chromatography using mobile phase of tricthanolamine and methanol(0.02 mol/L) with C18 column(250 nm*46 nm,5 μ).Then the samples in meat products were determined quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography on 254 nm wavelength with external standard method.Results:The relative standard deviation of the method was between 1.5% and 3.6% and the recovery rate between 80% and 96%.Conclusion:The mothod is simple,accurate and reliable,which suggests that it is suitable for determination of synthetical pigments in meat products.
Clusters of Detached Glandular Cells Mimicking Gastric Adenocarcinoma: An Artifact Presenting as a Diagnostic Challenge

Ruling out malignancy is one of the most crucial decisions surgical pathologists have to make. Artifacts can closely mimic malignancy and make this mission even harder. We present 3 cases of stomach biopsies received for clinical complaints of epigastric pain, heartburn, and/or dyspepsia. Patients were a 49-year-old woman, a 37-year-old man, and a 62-year-old man. Endoscopically, there was gastric …
Clinical Case #5: Tania

Tania is a 52-year-old project manager with a 30-year history of chronic lower back and buttock pain. She recently changed primary care doctors and her new primary care doctor suggested that she come to this office. Tania reports that her pain began shortly after she had her first child at the age of 22. Since then, Tania has had another child and slowly over the last 30 years the pain in her lower back and buttock has gotten worse.
Manipulative Use and Elementary School Students’ Mathematics Learning

Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) 1998/1999, we examine the relationship between elementary students’ (K–5) manipulative use and mathematics learning. Using a cross-sectional correlational analysis, we found no relationship between manipulative use and student mathematics achievement. However, using a longitudinal analysis, we documented a positive relationship between manipulative use and student mathematics learning during their elementary school years (K–5). From a teaching and learning perspective, these findings provide important evidence of the influence of long-term manipulative use on students’ overall learning. From policy and methodological perspectives, these findings provide evidence for the importance of modeling student learning (as opposed to achievement) when studying the effectiveness of instructional strategies.
Clinical Assessment and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Across Its Stages

Abstract Defining and staging chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a major public health and clinical advance that has benefited patient care by primary care providers, as well as nephrologists and other specialists. Each stage of CKD confronts both the patient and provider with different problems and clinical issues, often predictable from the natural history of each CKD stage. Proper CKD management requires understanding the physical and biochemical abnormalities that one can expect to occur throughout the course of a person's kidney disease, which is usually progressive and irreversible. The classification and staging of CKD have advanced care and facilitated research. The major clinical manifestations of each CKD stage, and typical accompanying laboratory abnormalities, in addition to merely extent of change in glomerular filtration rate, dictate the stage-specific management of the CKD patient.
Management of the open abdomen: clinical recommendations for the trauma/acute care surgeon and general surgeon

Traditionally, the surgical approach to managing abdominal injuries was to assess the extent of trauma, repair any damage and close the abdomen in one definitive procedure rather than leave the abdomen open. With advances in medicine, damage control surgery using temporary abdominal closure methods is being used to manage the open abdomen (OA) when closure is not possible. Although OA management is often observed in traumatic injuries, the extension of damage control surgery concepts, in conjunction with OA, for the management of the septic patient requires that the general surgeon who is faced with these challenges has a comprehensive knowledge of this complex subject. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance to the acute care and general surgeon on the use of OA negative pressure therapy (OA-NPT; ABTHERA™ Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System, KCI, an ACELITY Company, San Antonio, TX) for OA management. A literature review of published evidence, clinical recommendations on managing the OA and a case study demonstrating OA management using OA-NPT have been included.
Fear and Silence in Burma and Indonesia: Comparing Two National Tragedies and Two Individual Outcomes of Trauma

There is a growing literature indicating that individuals often respond to traumatic experience with resilience; yet it is not clear what specific factors facilitate recovery. In particular, it has been challenging to identify the larger historical, structural, political, and cultural factors that predict individual outcomes. This chapter examines two historic national tragedies in Southeast Asia: one in Burma, and the other in Indonesia. We conduct a comparative case analysis of two individuals—one Indonesian, and one Burmese—who underwent significant traumas that were part of historically situated political atrocities. We identify several key factors that contribute to resilient and positive individual outcome, including social embeddedness and support; a sense of coherence; a sense of meaning and purpose; a high sense of agency; continued communication with the larger community (a lack of silence); an ability to self-regulate through goal-setting; and cultural explanatory models that support a productive engagement with fear. The two case studies illuminate how the social and political landscape, following traumatic events, can be shaped to allow victims of trauma to thrive, rather than recede into silence.
Risk Factors for All-Cause Rehospitalization Among Medicare Recipients with Heart Failure Receiving Telehomecare.

Abstract Objective: To identify potential risk factors associated with rehospitalization among Medicare recipients with heart failure (HF) receiving telehomecare. Materials and Methods: This study is a nonexperimental, cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) mandated assessment called the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)–C, provided by a large home care company. A total of 526 patients who received telehomecare from January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2013 were included in the analyses, which used multiple logistic regression. Results: The overall rate of rehospitalization was 36% while patients were receiving telehomecare. Moderately frail health status (p = 0.01), the presence of severe pain (p = 0.01), the presence of dermatologic problems (p = 0.03), and independence in dressing one's lower body (compared to slightly dependent [p = 0.01] or mostly dependent patient groups [p = 0.02]) were identified as risk factors for rehospitalization. Conclusio...
Effect of ulnar tunnel location on elbow stability in double-strand lateral collateral ligament reconstruction.

Background Double-strand lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) reconstruction is an effective treatment for posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of the elbow, but anatomic landmarks for ulnar tunnel placement are often difficult to identify intraoperatively, which potentially can result in a nonanatomic LUCL reconstruction. This study investigated the effect of ulnar tunnel location on joint stability in double-strand LUCL reconstruction. Methods PLRI was artificially created in 7 cadaveric elbows, and double-strand LUCL reconstruction was performed. Five different ulnar tunnels were made along the length of the ulna. In each specimen, each possible pair of 2 tunnels (10 total) were used for graft passage. Varus and posterolateral joint gapping was measured after joint loading using a 3-dimensional digitizer system and X-ray image intensifier. Results No significant gapping was observed at the posterolateral ulnohumeral joint regardless of the location of the ulnar tunnels ( P > .05). In contrast, the lateral radiocapitellar joint showed statistically significant varus gapping when both ulnar tunnels were placed proximal to the radial head-neck junction ( P Discussion This findings of study suggest that the location of the ulnar tunnels may not be as critical as that of the humeral tunnel during double-strand LUCL reconstruction and that posterolateral rotatory elbow stability can be achieved reasonably well as long as at least 1 of the 2 ulnar tunnels is located at or distal to the radial head-neck junction level.
Measuring Causal Relationships in Dynamical Systems through Recovery of Functional Dependencies

We introduce a measure of causality that captures the functional dependencies in dynamical systems and subsequently, define a new type of graphical model, functional dependency graph, to encode such dependencies. We study the relationship between this type of graphical model and other graphical models such as directed information graphs and linear dynamical graphs that have been proposed to capture causal influences in dynamical systems. We show that functional dependency graphs are a generalization of these previously introduced graphical models and learn the functional dependencies in a larger class of models. We also establish sufficient conditions under which the functional dependency graph defined through our measure is equivalent to the directed information graphs. Some simulation results on linear and nonlinear dynamics are provided.
Key processes for the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation based on multimodel simulations

As a prominent climate variability mode with widespread influences on global weather extremes, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in the latest generation of general circulation models (GCMs), with a particular challenge in simulating its eastward propagating convective signals. In this study, by analyzing multi-model simulations from a recent global MJO model evaluation project, an effort is made to identify key processes for the eastward propagation of the MJO through analyses of moisture entropy (ME) processes under a “moisture mode” framework for the MJO. The column integrated horizontal ME advection is found to play a critical role for the eastward propagation of the MJO in both observations and good MJO models, with a primary contribution through advection of the lower-tropospheric seasonal mean ME by the MJO anomalous circulations. By contrast, the horizontal ME advection effect for the eastward propagation is greatly underestimated in poor MJO GCMs, due to model deficiencies in simulating both the seasonal mean ME pattern and MJO circulations, leading to a largely stationary MJO mode in these GCMs. These results thus pinpoint an important guidance towards improved representation of the MJO in climate and weather forecast models. While this study mainly focuses on fundamental physics for the MJO propagation over the Indian Ocean, complex influences by the Maritime Continent on the MJO and also ME processes associated with the MJO over the western Pacific warrant further investigations.
The Most Reasonable Standard: Why Justice O'Connor's Endorsement Test Applying the Reasonable Observer Should Be the Preferred Test for Evaluating Establishment Clause Violations

Currently, the Supreme Court has yet to state a preferred test for Establishment Clause claims thus resulting in chaos in the lower courts. It is the author’s position that Justice O’Connor’s reasonable observer test results in the most just outcome for Establishment Clause claims. Specifically, by considering the unique circumstances of each monument or memorial, the conclusions it reaches are far more accurate than other tests.Her endorsement test asks the question whether it is the government’s purpose to endorse or disapprove a religion, and irrespective of its purpose whether that message is actually conveyed. The evaluations become very case specific and depend upon the conclusions a reasonable observer would make. This person is equipped with heightened knowledge and is aware of the general history and context of the display. By weighing all of the context and history factors, similar to the reasonable prudent person of tort law, the reasonable observer reaches a far more informed conclusion. An application to Am. Atheists, Inc. v. Port Auth. of N.Y. and N.J. illustrates the effectiveness of the test. This case, arguably filed for political purposes, involves the cross that was erected at the World Trade Center, post September 11th terrorist attacks. The potential Establishment Clause violation arises by placing the cross in a governmentally funded museum. Considering the context factors of the history of the cross and September 11th, the surrounding content of the memorial, the primary goal not being Christianity, and the size of the cross not being for the purpose to dominate all other objects, a reasonable observer would conclude there is no government endorsement present. Thus, Am. Atheists, Inc. v. Port Auth. of N.Y. and N.J. poses no substantial question of law and leads to the strong presumption that it is merely an effort to generate public awareness of American Atheist’s, Inc.’s cause through the legal process.
Danger in Paradise

A 31-year-old man presented to the Student Health Center for evaluation 3 days after departing Hong Kong. On the last day of his 3-week-long trip to Southeast Asia, he developed sudden onset of fever, arthralgia, and headache. He initially attributed his symptoms to exhaustion, but the symptoms persisted. He also had several loose, non-bloody stools, a problem that resolved without intervention.
Cellular Pharmacokinetic Model-Based Analysis of Genistein, Glyceollin, and MK-571 Effects on 5 (and 6)-Carboxy-2',7'-Dichloroflourescein Disposition in Caco-2 Cells

Pharmacokinetic modeling was used to describe 5 (and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichloroflourescein (CDF) disposition in Caco-2 cells following CDF or CDFDA (CDF diacetate) dosing. CDF transcellular flux was modeled by simple passive diffusion. CDFDA dosing models were based on simultaneous fitting of CDF levels in apical, basolateral, and intracellular compartments. Predicted CDF efflux was 50% higher across the apical versus the basolateral membrane. This difference was similar following apical and basolateral CDFDA dosing, despite intracellular levels being 3-fold higher following basolateral dosing, thus supporting nonsaturable CDF efflux kinetics. A 3-compartment catenary model with intracellular CDFDA hydrolysis described CDF disposition. This model predicted that apical CDF efflux was not altered in the presence of MK-571, and that basolateral membrane clearance was enhanced to account for reduced intracellular CDF in the presence of this multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) inhibitor. Similar effects were predicted for glyceollin, while genistein exposure had no predicted effects on CDF efflux. These modulator effects are discussed in the context of model predicted intracellular CDF concentrations relative to reports of CDF affinity (measured by Km) for MRP2 and MRP3. This model-based analysis confirms the complexity of efflux kinetics and suggests that other transporters may have contributed to CDF efflux.
Internationalization of Higher Education in Russia: Aiming for Global Recognition

In this chapter, we consider the internationalization of universities engaged in the global competition of higher education. We pay attention to conventional internationalization factors, but stress that internationalization in the global era includes additional factors, such as the English language, international rankings, and communications technology. We give special attention to the situation in the Russian higher education sector, which appears to be not quite competitive, at least with the higher ranked universities of the rest of the world. Apart from conventional internationalization efforts, Russia has adopted the Project 5-100 that is especially focused on helping selected institutions of higher education receive international recognition and become competitive with the best universities in the world.
Concise Review: Bipotent Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Progenitors: Concepts and Controversies

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells maintain blood formation throughout our lifetime by undergoing long- and short-term self-renewal, respectively. As progenitor cells progress through the hematopoiesis process, their differentiation capabilities narrow, such that the precursors become committed to only one or two lineages. This Review focuses on recent advances in the identification and characterization of bipotent megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEP), the cells that can further produce two completely different functional outputs: platelets and red blood cells. The existence of MEP has sparked controversy as studies describing the requirement for this intermediate progenitor stage prior to commitment to the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages have been potentially contradictory. Interpretation of these studies is complicated by the variety of species, cell sources, and analytical approaches used along with inherent challenges in the continuum of hematopoiesis, where hematopoietic progenitors do not stop at discrete steps on single paths as classically drawn in hematopoietic hierarchy models. With the goal of improving our understanding of human hematopoiesis, we discuss findings in both human and murine cells. Based on these data, MEP clearly represent a transitional stage of differentiation in at least one route to the generation of both megakaryocytes and erythroid cells. Stem Cells 2018;36:1138-1145.
The domestication of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae).

The genusCucurbita consists of about thirteen species or species groups. “Squashes” have been domesticated independently from five of these thirteen taxa. The wild ancestor for one domesticated squash was identified in the 1930’s, ancestors for two others were determined in the 1980’s, but the wild ancestors of the other two domesticates remain unknown.
Grain Boundaries in Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films: Structure, Chemistry and Influence on Electronic Properties

In this paper, we investigate the role of grain boundaries in polycrystalline (Ba x Sr1−x )Ti1+y O3+z films, grown by metal organic vapor deposition, in the accommodation of nonstoichiometry, as well as their role in the strong composition dependence of the electric and dielectric behavior observed in these films. High-spatial resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy is used for the analysis of composition and structural changes at grain boundaries, as a function of film composition. The existence of amorphous, titanium rich, TiO2-like phases at the grain boundaries of films with large amounts of excess Ti (y ≥ 0.08) may explain the non-monotonic resistance degradation behavior of the films as a function of Ti content. However, we show that a grain boundary phase model fails to explain the strong composition dependence of the dielectric behavior. Electron energy-loss spectra indicate a distortion of the Ti–O octahedra in the grain interiors in samples with increasing Ti excess. The decrease of the dielectric constant with increasing amounts of excess Ti is therefore more likely due to Ti accommodation in the grain interiors.
Cross Sections and Volume Measurement of Stratigraphic Units

ABSTRACT A graphics-oriented microcomputer such as the Macintosh is a potentially powerful tool for sketching cross sections and for calculating either the total or fluid volume between cross sections. General purpose (nongeologic) volume-calculating programs are of limited use because of the peculiarities of geologic data, for example, strike-and-dip data. A program described in this paper is applicable to a wide variety of geologic applications. Stratigraphic boundaries are interpolated between data locations, for example, boreholes, as smooth curves instead of unrealistic straight lines. The cross-sectional area is calculated for any stratigraphic unit and the land area is calculated between cross sections.
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Administration of a drug topically results in direct application of drug at the site of action to cure or ameliorate a dermatological disorder. In contrast, administration of a drug across the skin to the vasculature is designed to achieve systemic effects and is thus, in essence, no different from administration of a drug via oral, inhalation, buccal, nasal, or other routes that lead to entry of drug into the systemic circulation. Although applied topically, drug molecules in a transdermal system undergo percutaneous penetration/absorption and are taken up by the microcirculation in the dermal papillary layer for transport to target tissue via the systemic circulation. Transdermal drug delivery has become increasingly popular over the last several years for many reasons, including (1) availability of sophisticated formulation technology to create reliable, pharmaceutically elegant transdermal drug delivery systems; (2) the development of a biopharma-ceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic science base to allow definition and study of important safety and efficacy issues that are associated with transdermal drug delivery systems; (3) the opportunities afforded by transdermal drug delivery systems for better patient compliance and more consistent and reliable drug concentrations over protracted dosing periods; (4) a high degree of acceptance by both patients and health care professionals with consequent improved compliance and dosimetry; and (5) development or extension of market exclusivity for off-patent drugs or drugs that are losing patent or exclusivity protection.
Attack, Damage and Carry: Role Familiarity and Team Performance in League of Legends:

Objective: This research studies the impact of role familiarity on team performance by examining performance of the “Carry” role in the Multi-player Online Battle Arena gaming environment, League o...
Abstract 544: Gja1-20k Uses the Actin Cytoskeleton to Promote Both Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion

Connexin (Cx) 43 is encoded by the GJA1 gene and GJA1-20k has been identified as an N-terminal truncation of Cx43 generated endogenously by internal translation initiation in heart and other organs...
Treatment outcomes of pediatric and young adult sporadic desmoid tumors.

10045 Background: Desmoid tumor (DT) is a non-malignant soft-tissue neoplasm of children and adults that is often treated with surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. DTs may recur even after compl...
Language and Discrimination: Generating Meaning, Perceiving Identities, and Discriminating Outcomes

Humans are remarkably efficient at parsing basic linguistic cues and show an equally impressive ability to produce and parse socially indexed cues from the language(s) they encounter. In this revie...
Buy one get one free: automata theory concepts through software test

Theory of Computation courses are challenging for undergraduate computer science students unused to thinking abstractly. This paper describes an important precursor exercise that facilitates teaching equivalence classes and state machine minimization. The approach uses a software test design method from the 1980's: use of an equivalence partition of potential inputs to a function to minimize the number of test cases needed. The approach strengthens students' understanding of software engineering test while enhancing motivation and understanding.
Appropriate Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Reversal Drugs to Enhance Recovery Following Cardiac Surgery

To provide a brief review of the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) in cardiac surgery, including strategies for reversal and the effects of residual blockade. While ample evidence exists in non-cardiac surgery demonstrating the potential harms of residual neuromuscular blockade (NMB), little is known about the effect on cardiac surgery patients. Few studies have examined whether residual effects are present following cardiac surgery and whether residual NMB has an impact on postoperative outcomes. In non-cardiac surgery, the incidence of residual NMB after surgery is high and associated with pulmonary complications. Anesthesiologists frequently underestimate the incidence of residual NMB in non-cardiac surgery. Objective measurement of the degree of neuromuscular recovery with acceleromyography may be challenging to apply and the monitors are not universally available. Therefore, reversal agents may be underutilized or yield incomplete reversal. As clinicians aim to decrease extubation times following cardiac surgery, the potential implication of residual NMB on perioperative outcomes increases. Research into the incidence and effect of residual NMB on outcomes following cardiac surgery is needed.
APT Instrumentation – Where Do I Begin?

Instrumentation response data are an important tool in monitoring and evaluating accelerated pavement testing (APT). Using sensors correctly in order to gain meaningful pavement response information can be challenging. Understanding a variety of pavement sensors and how each sensor interacts with a pavement system is the initial step in deploying a successful instrumentation program. Various sensor types are available and, depending on the type of sensors used, there are multiple options as how to power and receive information from the selected sensors. Finally, storage of potentially massive amounts of information and interpretation of the results can be a challenge. This paper provides a general overview of sensor selection and installation and highlights some of the challenges observed based on the author’s experience in designing and implementing instrumentation systems for APT testing at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC).
Fixed Drug Eruption

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a unique reaction to a variety of drugs. The drug reaction is categorized as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by CD8+ memory T cells [1].
A powerful tool to study metabolic reprogramming in pediatric cancers

Johnston et al. developed an intra-operative U13C-glucose infusion protocol that is well tolerated by patients with pediatric cancers and shows cancer-type-specific metabolic alterations with therapeutical consequences. The development of this procedure and their findings will strongly benefit metabolic analysis of pediatric cancers and design of new therapeutic strategies.
The Evolution of Team-X: 25 Years of Concurrent Engineering Design Experience

Established in 1995 in response to NASA's “Faster, Better, Cheaper” era, Team-X was born from a need to perform rapid space mission design for principal investigator-led competed proposals. The success and sustainability of Team-X over the 25 years that have followed is directly attributable to the Team-X business model and its evolution over time. While dozens of organizations and institutions have emulated the Team-X design process, there are nuances to the Team-X business model that are unique to JPL, and explain why it is different than other concurrent design teams. One of the key components of a business model is the customer segments that are served. Team-X was founded to conduct the Pre-Phase A work necessary to formulate a portfolio of multiple planetary mission concepts, but has since expanded to include the capability to conduct studies for Earth science, astrophysics, and heliophysics missions as well as Human Exploration and Operations missions and space technology development. Team-X delivers value to its clients both in terms of speed and cost. Team-X has also added value by creating teams to enable the development of Instrument and SmallSat Concepts. Value has further been enhanced through a revision of its process for reviews and the addition of pre-design architecting capabilities. Other aspects of the Team-X infrastructure, in addition to study process, have enabled it to succeed for over a quarter century. From our most important resource, the people, our tools, especially for cost estimating, as well as our increasing capable IT infrastructure have contributed to our capability to meet the demands of our clients. The Team-X business model and its evolution over time, position it well for success in the decades to come.
Multi-scale evaluation of diesel commuter rail fuel use, emissions, and eco-driving

Abstract Diesel commuter rail emissions affect populations near rail corridors. An approach is demonstrated to quantify mesoscale and microscale diesel commuter rail fuel use and emission rates (FUERs) of CO 2, CO, NOx , particulate matter , and total hydrocarbons based on two U.S. systems. A speed trajectory simulator, an energy model, and an emissions model were calibrated, evaluated, and applied. FUERs and potential reductions from eco-driving were quantified based on simulated trajectories. Hotspots were defined as sections with ≥ 90 th percentile of section-average FUERs by species. A few key variables explain 74–80% of variability in mesoscopic and microscopic FUERs. On average, FUERs are 7–8 times greater for hotspots than non-hotspots. Eco-driving was estimated to reduce segment-average FUERs by 3–33% and eliminate 2–11% hotspots. However, mesoscale oriented eco-driving can, at some locations, increase microscopic FUERs. The approach is adaptable to other diesel commuter rail systems.
The base-editing enzyme APOBEC3A catalyzes cytosine deamination in RNA with low proficiency and high selectivity

Human APOBEC3A (A3A) is a nucleic acid-modifying enzyme that belongs to the cytidine deaminase family. Canonically, A3A catalyzes the deamination of cytosine into uracil in single-stranded DNA, an activity that makes A3A both a critical antiviral defense factor and a useful tool for targeted genome editing. However, off-target mutagenesis by A3A has been readily detected in both cellular DNA and RNA, which has been shown to promote oncogenesis. Given the importance of substrate discrimination for the physiological, pathological, and biotechnological activities of A3A, here we explore the mechanistic basis for its preferential targeting of DNA over RNA. Using a chimeric substrate containing a target ribocytidine within an otherwise DNA backbone, we demonstrate that a single hydroxyl at the sugar of the target base acts as a major selectivity determinant for deamination. To assess the contribution of bases neighboring the target cytosine, we show that overall RNA deamination is greatly reduced relative to that of DNA, but can be observed when ideal features are present, such as preferred sequence context and secondary structure. A strong dependence on idealized substrate features can also be observed with a mutant of A3A (eA3A, N57G) which has been employed for genome editing due to altered selectivity for DNA over RNA. Altogether, our work reveals a relationship between the overall decreased reactivity of A3A and increased substrate selectivity, and our results hold implications both for characterizing off-target mutagenesis and for engineering optimized DNA deaminases for base-editing technologies.
Stream Fish Communities and Environmental Correlates in the Red River of the North, Minnesota and North Dakota

In the Red River of the North (Red River) drainage in Minnesota and North Dakota, there are strong east–west hydrological and chemical environmental gradients. Historical fish surveys indicated the presence of species with both widespread and restricted distributions, leading to unique fish communities in several streams. To determine the important physiochemical correlates of stream fish community structure, we partitioned 25 streams into 46 large reaches by ecoregion classification. The reaches were then characterized from sampling during 1962–1994 by the frequency of occurrence of 76 fish species and 12 landscape-level hydrologic and chemical factors. In canonical correspondence analysis, the first two axes explained 56% of the species–environment relationship, and indicated that coefficient of variation of mean monthly discharge, minimum discharge in May, and residue were the most important factors correlated with fish community composition. Important covariates of residue were specific conductance, dissolved sulfate, and total hardness of waters. Certain catostomids, Hypentelium nigricans and Moxostoma valenciennesi, cyprinids, Notropis anogenus and N. texanus, ictalurids, Ameiurus natalis, and percids, Etheostoma caeruleum and E. microperca, all correlated highly with habitats characterized by low-flow variability, high discharges, and low residue, conductivity, and hardness. Reaches with these characteristics included the Otter Tail River in the Red River Valley, North Central Hardwoods (NCH), and the Northern Minnesota Wetlands (NMW) ecoregions; the Pelican River in the NCH ecoregion; and the Red Lake River in the NMW ecoregion. The results of this analysis support the hypothesis that regional environmental conditions are important in structuring fish communities in northern streams. As conditions are altered in the future by anthropogenic factors at the landscape scale, our exploratory multivariate model can be used to predict fish community response and support conservation efforts aimed at preserving or restoring unique and/or rare small fishes in the Red River and other, similar stream systems.
NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS: HOW DO THEY RELATE TO DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS AT 54 MONTHS? ♦ 1191

NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS: HOW DO THEY RELATE TO DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS AT 54 MONTHS? ♦ 1191
Magnetoelectric sensor excitations in hexaferrite slabs

We developed techniques for H- and E-field sensors utilizing single phase magnetoelectric (ME) hexaferrite slabs in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Novel circuit designs incorporating both spiral and solenoid coils and single and multi-capacitor banks were developed to probe the physics and properties of ME hexaferrites and explore ME effects for sensor detections. Fundamental measurements of the anisotropic tensor elements of the magneto-electric coupling parameter were performed using these novel techniques. In addition, for H-field sensing experiments we measured sensitivity of about 3000 Vm−1/G using solenoid coils and 8000 Vm−1/G using spiral coils. For E-field, sensing the sensitivity was 10−4 G/Vm−1 and using single capacitor detector. Sensitivity for multi-capacitor detectors was measured to be in the order of 10−3 G/Vm−1 and frequency dependent exhibiting a maximum value at ∼1 MHz. Tunability of 0.1%–90% was achieved for tunable inductor applications using both single and multi-capacitor...
Abstract T P238: Evaluating the Stent-Wall Interaction in a Hemodynamically Induced Swine Model of Carotid Atherosclerosis: Correlation of Pre-Treatment Black-Blood 3T MRI with Post-Stenting Histopathology

Introduction: We evaluated the histopathologic characteristics of the stented arterial segments in a swine model of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: Atherosclerotic plaque was created by inducing 80% stenosis via partial surgical ligation (without endothelial balloon injury) in combination with dietary hypercholesterolemia in a single Yucatan minipig (Fig A). High-resolution black-blood 3T MRI of both carotid arteries was obtained at 6 months. Stenting was performed immediately after imaging. The animal was sacrificed 4 weeks after stenting. Histopathologic and morphometric analysis was performed. Results: MRI: Figure A. Contrast-enhanced MRA. B. Cross-sectional 2mm views of proton density (PD), T2, T1, T1 post contrast, and time-of-flight (TOF) sequences of the stenotic segments of the R (top) and L (bottom) carotid arteries. The image characteristics of the R carotid stenosis are consistent with an American Heart Association Lesion Type IV/V. No athermoatous features are seen in the L carotid. Histopathology: Moderate lymphocyte proliferation was noted in the narrowest mid-section (N-Mid) from the right carotid, corresponding to the depicted lesion on MRI. This segment had the smallest neointimal/thrombus thickness (Table). Only mild residual atherosclerosis was appreciated within the stent. EEL - external elastic lamina IEL - internal elastic lamina Conclusions: Our findings indicate histologic reversibility of the MRI-defined carotid atherosclerotic lesion four weeks after stenting, possibly due to improved flow within the hemodynamically-induced plaque. Unlike prior studies, neointimal proliferation was least prominent at the pre-existing atheroma.
Recycled Cardboard Comparison

Three tests were conducted to determine the relative strengths of virgin and recycled cardboard. Edge crush tests were performed to measure the maximum force per inch to crush the walls of a cardboard box. Burst tests were performed to determine the pressure required to rupture the side of a cardboard box. Compression tests were used to determine the behavior of cardboard under a crushing load. All tests were performed according to TAPPI protocols at standard and extreme environmental conditions. Results showed that both recycled and virgin materials exceeded industry specifications at standard conditions but that the performance of both were severely degraded at extreme conditions with the recycled material showing the greatest degradation.
Some Lie superalgebras associated to the Weyl algebras

Let g be the Lie superalgebra osp(1, 2r). We show that there is a surjective homomorphism from U(g) to the rth Weyl algebra Ar , and we use this to construct an analog of the Joseph ideal. We also obtain a decomposition of the adjoint representation of g on Ar and use this to show that if Ar is made into a Lie superalgebra using its natural Z2-grading, then Ar = k ⊕ [Ar, Ar]. In addition, we show that if [Ar, Ar] and [As, As] are isomorphic as Lie superalgebras, then r = s. This answers a question of S. Montgomery. We work throughout over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero. If g is a simple Lie algebra different from s`(n), Joseph shows in [J2], that there is a unique completely prime ideal, J0 whose associated variety is the closure of the minimal nilpotent orbit in g∗. When g is the symplectic algebra g = sp(2r), this ideal may be constructed as follows. It is well known that the symmetric elements of degree two in the r Weyl algebra Ar form a Lie algebra isomorphic to sp(2r) [D, Lemma 4.6.9]. Hence there is an algebra map φ : U(g) −→ Ar whose kernel is clearly completely prime and primitive. Since the image of φ has Gel’fand Kirillov dimension 2r, and this is the dimension of the minimal nilpotent orbit in g∗ by [CM, Lemma 4.3.5], we have kerφ = J0. Now if g is a classical simple Lie superalgebra, and U(g) contains a completely prime primitive ideal different from the augmentation ideal, then g is isomorphic to an orthosymplectic algebra osp(1, 2r) (Lemma 1). We observe that if g = osp(1, 2r), then there is a surjective homomorphism U(g) −→ Ar whose kernel J satisfies J ∩ U(g0) = J0. The existence of this homomorphism has previously been shown in the Physics literature; see, for example, [F, pages 55 and 170]. It follows that g acts via the adjoint representation on Ar, and we determine the decomposition of this representation explicitly. This turns out to be a useful setting in which to study the Lie structure of certain associative algebras. A result of Herstein [He] states that if A is a simple algebra with center Z, then [A, A]/[A, A] ∩ Z is a simple Lie algebra, unless [A : Z] = 4, and Z has characteristic two. Additional results have been obtained for various generalized Lie structures in [BFM] and [Mo]. Received by the editors February 7, 1997 and, in revised form, December 9, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 17B35; Secondary 16W10.
Low Resolution Data-Independent Acquisition in an LTQ-Orbitrap Allows for Simplified and Fully Untargeted Analysis of Histone Modifications

Label-free peptide quantification in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) proteomics analyses is complicated by the presence of isobaric coeluting peptides, as they generate the same extracted ion chromatogram corresponding to the sum of their intensities. Histone proteins are especially prone to this, as they are heavily modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Their proteolytic digestion leads to a large number of peptides sharing the same mass, while carrying PTMs on different amino acid residues. We present an application of MS data-independent acquisition (DIA) to confidently determine and quantify modified histone peptides. By introducing the use of low-resolution MS/MS DIA, we demonstrate that the signals of 111 histone peptides could easily be extracted from LC–MS runs due to the relatively low sample complexity. By exploiting an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, we parallelized MS and MS/MS scan events using the Orbitrap and the linear ion trap, respectively, decreasing the t...
Supervisor-Specific Outcomes of a Work-Family Intervention: Evidence from the Work, Family, & Health Study

Workplace interventions provide a practical and important means of providing support for employees’ work-family needs. However, work-family interventions are rare and are generally not thoroughly evaluated. The current study seeks to better understand the impacts of STAR (“Support. Transform. Achieve. Results.”), the large-scale work-family intervention developed and implemented by the Work, Family, & Health Network (see Bray et al., 2013). Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), this study examines supervisors’ participation in STAR through assessment of three primary supervisor-specific outcomes: training-related views and behaviors, well-being, and the work-family interface. The sample, consisting of 184 supervisors from 30 extended-care facilities throughout the northeastern United States, comes from archival data that were collected by the Work, Family, & Health Network. Results show a lack of support for STAR intervention effects on supervisor-level outcomes. Despite the lack of statistically significant effects on supervisors, it is important to note the lack of iatrogenic effects, indicating that participation in the STAR intervention did not harm supervisor outcomes. Implications, future directions, and limitations of the study are discussed. WORK-FAMILY INTERVENTION ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis committee for their expertise, feedback, and support. I am especially grateful to my advisor, Dr. Leslie Hammer, for sharing her immense knowledge, sincere encouragement, and generous guidance throughout this project. I would also like to thank Tori Crain for her endless support and caring, thoughtful advice. I am filled with gratitude for my family members—particularly my parents, my sister, and my partner—and owe so much to their infinite love and support. Finally, I would like to express my deep appreciation for my cohort, colleagues, and friends for their help, time, and encouragement. Thank you all so much! WORK-FAMILY INTERVENTION iii Table of
Structure, origin, and transforming activity of feline leukemia virus-myc recombinant provirus FTT.

Abstract A myc-containing recombinant feline leukemia provirus, designated FTT, was molecularly cloned from the cat T-cell lymphoma line F422. Its transforming activity, as well as the nucleotide sequence of the 3' 2.7 kilobases of FTT, including v-myc, was determined. The predicted v-myc protein differs from feline c-myc by three amino acid changes and is truncated by two amino acids at the carboxyl terminus. Comparison with feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline c-myc, and other FeLV proviruses indicates that recombination junctions involved in the generation of FeLV-onc viruses occur at preferred locations within the virus. They usually follow or occur within the sequence ACCCC at 5' junctions and may result from homologous recombination between sequences of marked purine-pyrimidine strand bias, especially at 3' junctions. Some recombination sites also resemble recombinase recognition sequences utilized in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor variable-region joining. Transfection of primary rat embryo fibroblasts and subsequent in vivo analysis revealed that morphologic and tumorigenic transformation require cotransfection of FTT with human EJ-ras DNA; neither gene alone is sufficient. FTT v-myc is expressed in these transformed rat cells as a 3.0-kilobase subgenomic RNA; however, in contrast to the depressed level of c-myc expression in v-myc-involved feline tumors, steady-state levels of rat c-myc RNA and protein are apparently unaltered.
Chucaque and social stress among Peruvian highlanders.

Highland agriculturalists complain of the cultural syndrome chucaque in the Peruvian Andes. The first aim of this research was to ethnographically document cases of a cultural syndrome utilizing theoretical elements borrowed from cognitive anthropology. Another aim was to use case-control sampling to determine if there was a relationship between higher social stress levels and the development of a cultural syndrome. The research reported here integrated qualitative and quantitative methods. The social stress gauge developed by Rubel et al. (1984) was adapted to the Andean cultural environment and utilized to assess highland social stressors. Chucaque was found to be locally defined as a specific type of head pain commonly associated with the episode of a traumatic event. Chucaque and household social stress levels were found to be significantly related, especially when the ratio of males to females, which often was imbalanced, was included in the analysis.