cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Argument Writing Toolkit: Using Mentor Texts in Grades 6-8

In order for students to write effective arguments, they need to read good arguments. In this practical book, you’ll find out how to use mentor texts to make writing instruction more meaningful, authentic, and successful. Author Sean Ruday demonstrates how you can teach middle school students to analyze the qualities of effective arguments and then help them think of those qualities as tools to improve their own writing. You’ll learn how to: Introduce high-interest topics to students to get them interested and engaged in argument writing. Teach students to look at multiple sides of an issue and critically evaluate evidence to construct informed, defensible arguments. Make argument writing an interactive, student-driven exercise in which students pursue their own writing projects. Use mentor texts to help students learn the core concepts of argument writing and apply those skills across the curriculum. The book is filled with examples and templates you can bring back to the classroom immediately, as well as an annotated bibliography which links the concepts in this book to the corresponding Common Core State Standards. Blank templates are also available as printable eResources on our website (http://www.routledge.com/9781138924390).
Two 4-Week Balance-Training Programs for Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context: Traditional single-limb balance (SLB) and progressive dynamic balance-training programs for those with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have been evaluated in the literature. However, whic...
Abstract 045: The Dose-Response Effect of a Mediterranean Style Diet With Lean Beef on Lipids and Lipoproteins

A Mediterranean dietary pattern is widely recommended because of an extensive evidence base showing beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. The reduction in cardiovas...
The Power of Fabrication: Reflections on Curating Balinese Textiles

The fabrication and usage of cloth is part of human experience in cultures around the world. The material is part of religion, politics, economics, and kinship, among other domains (Weiner and Schn...
Design of Freeform Phase Plate Pairs for Variable Extended Depth of Field in Imaging Systems

Increasing depth of field is highly beneficial, particularly for high NA imaging systems. We discuss approaches to enable variable, extended depth of field through relative movements between pairs of freeform surfaces.
PREDICTING THE ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: THE IMPORTANCE OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND PARENT REPORT

PREDICTING THE ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: THE IMPORTANCE OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND PARENT REPORT By Melissa R. Dvorsky, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Joshua M. Langberg Associate Professor, Department of Psychology This study examined the impact of several dimensions of executive functioning (EF), as well as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in relation to college students’ academic and overall functional impairment. Participants were 62 college students comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD and their parents/guardians who completed measures of symptoms of ADHD, EF, school maladjustment and functional impairment. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate whether parentand self-ratings of EFs completed at the beginning of the school year longitudinally predict end of the school year academic and overall functioning above and beyond symptoms of ADHD. Mediation analyses controlling for covariates, including gender and transfer student status, were used to determine whether EF deficits mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and functioning. Additionally, parentand student-rated deficits in EFs were examined for agreement as well as the incremental validity of each rater in predicting impairment. Deficits in student-rated selfmotivation and parent-rated self-regulation of emotion significantly predicted overall impairment at the end of the year above and beyond symptoms of ADHD. Further, self-report of self-motivation mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and overall impairment. In a separate model, student-rated self-organization at the beginning of the year mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and end of the year grades. Students with ADHD experience significant difficulties with the transition to college which may lead to the development of increased academic or functional impairment, particularly for students with EF deficits. The present study demonstrates that motivation and organization appear to be particularly important components of academic functioning for college students with ADHD. Overall, findings suggest that EF skills are highly relevant for college students with ADHD with important clinical implications for assessment and treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm the mediational mechanisms of EFs contributing to functional impairments in college students with ADHD.
A deep dense inception network for protein beta‐turn prediction

Beta-turn prediction is useful in protein function studies and experimental design. Although recent approaches using machine-learning techniques such as support vector machine (SVM), neural networks, and K nearest neighbor have achieved good results for beta-turn prediction, there is still significant room for improvement. As previous predictors utilized features in a sliding window of 4-20 residues to capture interactions among sequentially neighboring residues, such feature engineering may result in incomplete or biased features and neglect interactions among long-range residues. Deep neural networks provide a new opportunity to address these issues. Here, we proposed a deep dense inception network (DeepDIN) for beta-turn prediction, which takes advantage of the state-of-the-art deep neural network design of dense networks and inception networks. A test on a recent BT6376 benchmark data set shows that DeepDIN outperformed the previous best tool BetaTPred3 significantly in both the overall prediction accuracy and the nine-type beta-turn classification accuracy. A tool, called MUFold-BetaTurn, was developed, which is the first beta-turn prediction tool utilizing deep neural networks. The tool can be downloaded at http://dslsrv8.cs.missouri.edu/~cf797/MUFoldBetaTurn/download.html.
Unusual and important cause of acute neck pain: Longus colli calcific tendinitis.

Early recognition of longus colli calcific tendinitis can prevent unnecessary interventions including antibiotics and surgical procedures.
A good sine? Seeking math help using crowdsourced online discussion boards:

We examined asynchronous online discussion boards, specifically those that are unmediated by teacher figures, to identify characteristics of these spaces that support or constrain students as they ...
Concurrent Design of Tool-Paths and Impedance Controllers for Performing Area Coverage Operations in Manufacturing Applications under Uncertainty

Low production volume applications cannot use custom fixtures to reduce uncertainties in part locations. Traditional tool-path planners for area coverage applications may not perform satisfactorily when there is significant uncertainty in part locations because these planners do not account for the tool-part contact and impedance controller parameters during path execution. This may lead to tool collision with the part, incorrect force at the Tool Center Point (TCP), and loss of contact while performing area coverage operations. Moreover, the poorly designed tool-path and incorrectly estimated impedance control parameters also lead to poor task performance. To avoid such failures, we concurrently design a collision-free tool-paths, generate executable robot trajectory, and select the impedance compensation parameters so that it can take care of part uncertainties and provide the desired tool-part contact. We apply the designed algorithm for area coverage manufacturing applications. Finally, we evaluate the algorithm performance by conducting physical experiments.
Cooperative Control of an Autonomous Floating Modular Structure Without Communication: Extended Abstract

This paper presents a smart modular structure that is able to cooperatively track desired trajectories, orientations, and velocities in a planar water environment without direct communication among modules. A leader in the structure can steer the whole group to these predefined states by applying a relatively small force and torque, whose effect is amplified by the follower robots as they match their forces and torques to the leader's. We propose a decentralized force and torque controller for each follower which requires only local measurements without communication. Our approach is verified by simulations with 65 robots and experiments with three robotic boats successfully tracking the desired trajectory, orientations, and velocities in a swimming pool.
Quality Improvement and Quality Metrics

The quality movement in medicine is not a new idea, but it has become increasingly complex and nuanced. This chapter will review the basics of quality assessment and improvement in medicine, briefly discuss the various important programs, organizations and persons, explore data sources and metrics that inform quality decisions, and discuss how culture can influence outcomes and quality improvement. This chapter will focus on providing the basic information a young surgeon new to practice would find useful for understanding quality improvement and its impact on everyday health care.
Physical exam: where's the evidence? A medical student's experience.

It was not so long ago that an attending physician accused me of the following: ‘you’re advocating for the elimination of the physical exam from medicine!’ We were on rounds and debating the objectivity and merit of a single observer non-blinded prestudy/poststudy, the Bush-Francis Catatonia
Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to isopropanol using novel carbonized copper metal organic framework derived electrodes

Abstract It is well known in sustainable energy research that metallic copper functions as an electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 to multicarbon products such as alcohols and hydrocarbons. However, it remains a great challenge to develop a cost-effective, selective, and stable catalyst/electrode material for this reaction. This work furthers previous studies concerning the potential of carbonized copper MOF-derived electrocatalysts as catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Two commercial copper-decorated metal organic frameworks (MOFs), HKUST-1 and PCN-62, pyrolyzed at variable temperatures, 400−800 °C, were coated on both metallic nickel and copper supports as inks. The electrocatalysts’ potential to reduce CO2 was gauged using an electrochemical cell with both GC-TCD and GC-FID analyses. Many of the previously reported products of this reaction were formed, however, most notably, GC-FID analysis confirmed the formation of isopropanol, a product not previously reported to the best of our knowledge. It was observed that MOF-derived coatings can produce electrodes with both better current density and selectivity towards isopropanol compared to that of uncoated copper electrodes. Amongst all the carbon products observed, the best performing electrocatalyst demonstrated isopropanol faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 72 %. Preliminary techno-economic analysis was conducted to identify target cell operating voltage in order to make the proposed electrochemical CO2 reduction process economically feasible. The desired cell operating voltage is less than 1.9 V, preferably less than 1.6 V. Future work will focus on electrochemical cell design and electrocatalyst morphology to further improve isopropanol selectivity and minimize hydrogen FE.
Targeting innate immunity by blocking CD14: Novel approach to control inflammation and organ dysfunction in COVID-19 illness.

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has produced an unprecedented rush to develop new therapies, ranging from immunizations and antivirals to host-directed therapies to dampen potentially deleterious host inflammatory responses. With a sense of urgency, many groups have proposed repurposing approved drugs for other indications that might be deployed rapidly to control the viral infection or improve host responses. However, many of these therapies are based on drug availability rather than on a rational understanding of important steps in pathogenesis, particularly in the lungs, that lead to critical illness and life-threatening acute respiratory failure. Here we propose that the viral infection initially triggers a profound activation of innate immunity in the lungs that generates a self-perpetuating cytokine storm affecting the entire body. Inhibiting key proximal points in innate immunity pathways is feasible and offers a science-based approach to improving outcomes in moderate to severe COVID-19 illness.
Assessing the role of loading direction on the uniaxial compressive response of multilayered ice-templated alumina-epoxy composites

Abstract This work is motivated by the structural gradient observed in natural materials to investigate the influence of the loading direction on the compressive response of ice-templated alumina-epoxy composites. Although this investigation is not on the development of multilayered composites with a structural gradient, the current results can help understand the mechanical behavior and design of such materials. Ice-templated alumina materials were developed from 20 vol% suspensions at high freezing-front velocity (FFV) and from 30 vol% suspensions at high and low FFVs. From porous ceramics, specimens were extracted at different orientations relative to the growth direction of ice crystals and infiltrated with epoxy. The resultant composites varied in ceramic fraction and morphology. For compression along the growth direction of ice crystals, specimens exhibited either high strength with brittle-like (catastrophic) failure or low strength with ductile-like (progressive) failure. Away from growth direction, strength decreased significantly, and failure was ductile-type. The strength exhibited a strong dependence on ceramic fraction and morphology. At each orientation, strength data of both porous ceramics and composites showed significant variability, and Weibull analysis suggested a connection between their strength. Direct visualization revealed the influence of loading orientation and morphology on deformation and failure in composites. Using the Tsai-Hill failure criterion, the role of competitive failure mechanisms on the compressive response of composites was evaluated. From the knowledge of composition, compressive and bend strength of ceramic phase, and yield strength of polymer phase, upper bound and lower bound of strength were predicted, which encompassed the strength of composites.
Crossing Point of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

There is a wide scope of interdisciplinary crossing points between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cybersecurity. On one hand, AI advancements, for example, deep learning, can be introduced into cybersecurity to develop smart models for executing malware classification and intrusion detection and threatening intelligent detecting. Then again, AI models will confront different cyber threats, which will affect their sample, learning, and decision making. Along these lines, AI models need specific cybersecurity defense and assurance advances to battle ill-disposed machine learning, preserve protection in AI, secure united learning, and so forth. Because of the above two angles, we audit the crossing point of AI and Cybersecurity. To begin with, we sum up existing research methodologies regarding fighting cyber threats utilizing artificial intelligence, including receiving customary AI techniques and existing deep learning solutions. At that point, we analyze the counterattacks from which AI itself may endure, divide their qualities, and characterize the relating protection techniques. And finally, from the aspects of developing encrypted neural networks and understanding safe deep learning, we expand the current analysis on the most proficient method to develop a secure AI framework. This paper centers mainly around a central question: "By what means can artificial intelligence applications be utilized to upgrade cybersecurity?" From this question rises the accompanying set of sub-questions: What is the idea of artificial intelligence and what are its fields? What are the main areas of artificial intelligence that can uphold cybersecurity? What is the idea of data mining and how might it be utilized to upgrade cybersecurity? Hence, this paper is planned to reveal insight into the idea of artificial intelligence and its fields, and how it can profit by applications of AI brainpower to upgrade and improve cybersecurity. Using an analytical distinct approach of past writing on the matter, the significance of the need to utilize AI strategies to improve cybersecurity was featured and the main fields of application of artificial intelligence that upgrade cybersecurity, for example, machine learning, data mining, deep learning, and expert systems.
Private Insurance Limits and Responses

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a number of existing flaws in the United States’ patchwork approach to paying for and providing access to medical care. Shelter-in-place orders, social distancing, and other public health strategies employed to address the pandemic spawned a global recession, causing rapid and high unemployment rates in many countries. The U.S. unemployment rate peaked in April 2020 at 14.7%, higher than in any previous period since World War II. The United States has long hewed an anachronistic policy of relying heavily on private employers to provide health insurance to a substantial portion of the population. Those who are not eligible for employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) must fend for themselves in the non-group market, unless they qualify for government-sponsored insurance or safety net programs. Companion Chapters in this volume describe the COVID-related challenges for Medicaid and the uninsured, while this Chapter focuses on the private insurance market. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) dramatically overhauled health insurance in the United States. But those reforms have been under continuous threat of dilution or wholesale repeal, including a case currently pending before the U.S. Supreme Court that could strike down the entire act. Notwithstanding the change in administration, any evaluation of the benefits or demerits of the private insurance market must be read against the possibility that existing consumer protections could be eliminated with the stroke of a pen. This paper was prepared as part of the COVID-19 Policy Playbook: Legal Recommendations for a Safer, More Equitable Future, a comprehensive report published by Public Health Law Watch in partnership with the de Beaumont Foundation and the American Public Health Association.
Postoperative Outcome of Patients Who Underwent Total Joint Replacement During the Tanezumab Phase 3 Osteoarthritis Development Program: A 24-Week Observational Study.

Introduction This prospective cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02674386) evaluated the postoperative outcomes of patients who had undergone total joint replacement (TJR) while participating in one of three tanezumab (a nerve growth factor inhibitor) randomized phase 3 osteoarthritis (OA) studies. Materials and methods Eligible patients were those who underwent TJR (knee, hip, or shoulder) at any time during any of three tanezumab randomized phase 3 OA studies. Consenting patients were followed for 24 weeks post-surgery. Patients undergoing sub-total arthroplasty procedures were not eligible; there were no further protocol-defined exclusion criteria. Outcomes assessed in relation to joint adjudication outcome and prior tanezumab treatment included: 1) surgeon's assessment of procedural difficulty (uneventful, minor complications, major complications) at the time of the TJR; 2) postsurgical complications (clinically significant events attributable to the TJR, derived from adverse events) up to week 24; and 3) additional/corrective procedures (procedures or investigations related to the TJR) up to week 24. Results The 150 patients had received placebo (n=20), tanezumab 2.5mg (n=52), tanezumab 2.5mg titrated to 5mg (tanezumab 2.5/5mg, n=8), tanezumab 5mg (n=53), or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (n=17) in the parent studies. The 150 patients were adjudicated to have primary osteonecrosis (n=1), rapidly progressive OA (RPOA) type 2 (n=8), RPOA type 1 (n=3), other joint outcome (n=6), normal progression of OA (NPOA) (n=130), or insufficient information to determine RPOA versus NPOA (n=2). Surgeon's assessment of procedural difficulty was uneventful for 95.1% (116/122) of patients. Through the 24-week study, there were no postsurgical complications for 96.0% (144/150) of patients; the 6 patients who had complications were all adjudicated as NPOA (tanezumab 2.5mg, n=2; tanezumab 5mg, n=4). There were no additional/corrective procedures for 93.3% (140/150) of patients. Conclusion Procedural difficulty of minor complications during surgery, postsurgical complications, and additional/corrective procedures were infrequent, although more common with tanezumab 5mg, typically occurring in patients adjudicated as NPOA. Adjudication outcome (RPOA/primary osteonecrosis vs. NPOA) was not associated with postoperative outcome.
Distress in the time of COVID-19: Understanding the distinction between COVID-19 specific mental distress and depression among United States adults.

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, many Americans have experienced mental distress, which may be partially characterized by a rise in mental illnesses. However, COVID-19 specific psychological distress may also be separate from diagnosable conditions, a distinction that has not been well established in the context of the pandemic. Methods Data came from an online survey of US adults collected in March 2020. We used factor analysis to assess the relationship between COVID-19 related mental distress and depressive symptoms. Using four questions on psychological distress modified for COVID-19 and eight depressive symptoms, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the factor structure and then estimated a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The EFA model indicated a two-factor solution, where the COVID-19 distress items loaded onto the first factor and depression items loaded onto the second. Only two items cross-loaded between factors: feeling fearful and being bothered by things that do not usually bother the participant. The CFA indicated that this factor structure fit the data adequately (RMSEA=0.106, SRMR=0.046, CFI=0.915, TLI=0.890). Limitations It is possible that there are additional important symptoms of COVID-19 distress that were not included. Depression symptoms were measured via the CES-D-10, which while validated is not equivalent to a clinician diagnosis. Conclusions As COVID-19 related mental distress appears to be distinct from, though related to, depression, public health responses must consider what aspects of depression treatment may apply to this phenomenon. For COVID-related distress, it may be more appropriate to treat symptomatically and with supportive psychotherapy.
Genetic etiology of newborn deaths

Objective: To explore the genetic etiologies of newborn deaths. Methods: A total of 98 newborns who were recruited to the Neonatal Genome Project of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University and died in the hospital from January 2018 to August 2020 were enrolled in this study. The genetic information and the interventions based on the genetic findings were retrospectively analyzed. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi square test and Fisher's exact probability test were used to compare the demographic features and clinical characteristics between the patients with or without a genetic finding. Results: Among 98 newborns (55 males and 43 females), there were 63 preterm and 35 term infants, with a gestational age of (33±5) weeks, a birth weight of (2 107±975) g and the age at death of 12 (2,34) days. Sixteen (16%)patients were identified with genetic variants, including 11 with single nucleotide variants, 4 with copy number variants and 1 with both single nucleotide variant and copy number variant. The detected single nucleotide variants were spanning 12 genes, among which 3 were multiple disorders-related, 2 metabolic disorder-related, 2 hematological disorder-related, 2 respiratory disorder-related, 2 cardiovascular disorder-related and 1 skeletal disorder-related. The patients with a positive genetic finding had significant differences in the birth weight ((2 605±940) vs. (2 009±957) g, t=2.283, P=0.025), the gestational age ((36±5) vs. (33±5) weeks, t=2.131, P=0.036), the age at death ((37 (5, 69) vs. 11 (2, 29) days, Ζ=-2.245, P=0.025) and the history of asphyxia at birth (1/16 vs. 46% (38/82), P=0.002)when compared to those without a genetic finding. In addition, the genetic etiology rates of patients who were born term or with a birth weight ≥ 2 000 g were significantly higher than those who were born preterm (29% (10/35) vs. 10% (6/63), P=0.022) or with a birth weight<2 000 g (25% (13/51) vs. 7% (3/46), χ2=5.016,P=0.025), respectively. Six cases were medically actionable based on the genetic findings and the treatments included special diet, applying specific medicine, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and lung transplantation. Conclusions: Genetic etiologies are not rare in newborn deaths and mainly associated with metabolic disorder, multi-system disorders, hematological disorder, respiratory disorder, cardiovascular disorder and skeletal disorder. Some findings are medically actionable, based on which the specific treatments could be scheduled timely. A genetic etiology should be investigated in newborn deaths especially in those who are term birth or with a birth weight ≥2 000 g or without a history of asphyxia at birth.
Income Level and Pre-Purchase Shopping Behavior

The author searches for a connection between income level of the shopper and the number of product substitutes considered prior to purchase. Using a mailed questionnaire with a national probability sample derived from warranty card data, the study's design controls for rural/urban differences in product availability, attitudes toward selected product attributes, and prepurchase information sources.
Process-Induced Stress Relaxation Analysis of AS4/3501-6 Laminate:

In this study the cure-dependent stress relaxation of 3501-6 epoxy resin was analyzed. To formulate the constitutive equations, several stress relaxation tests were performed at different degree of cure states. The master curve and shift function for each degree of cure case were obtained by time-temperature superposition. On the basis of this data, the thermorheologically complex behavior of 3501-6 epoxy resin was modeled. The resin model was then used to formulate the constitutive equations for AS4/3501-6 composite. A finite element method was then used to calculate the interlaminar stress relaxation at the free edge of AS4/3501-6 cross-ply laminates during cool down from the cure temperature. The relaxation behavior of 3501-6 epoxy was shown to be dependent on the degree of cure and significant reduction in residual stress was found to occur at a modest (2.5°C/min) cool down rate.
The Lineshapes of Subdoppler Resonances Observable with FM-Side-Band (Optical Heterodyne) Laser Techniques

One of the most powerful spectroscopic techniques available for the measurement of weak absorption is the use of frequency modulation of the source complemented by phase sensitive detection. This approach is highly effective in separating the interesting narrow resonance features from the broad background profile. While optimum amplitude of the frequency modulation leads to recovery of nearly the full signal component, it also leads to broadened resonance profiles which are not immediately related to the physical resonances of interest. Furthermore, it is attractive to employ high modulation frequencies to take advantage of the nearly universal situation that one finds experimentally, namely the concentration of excess noise toward low frequencies. Ultimately then, the resonance profiles of interest are further “distorted” by the modulation process when the modulation frequency is comparable to the resonance width. This constraint is particularly painful in contemporary ultrahigh resolution optical experiments when the measured lines may only be of ~ kiloHertz width.
Geography Education: The Glass Is Half Full and It's Getting Fuller

This article examines the recent progress of geography education as an academic subfield of geography and as an area of activity in K–12 education. Challenges to both endeavors are described. A restructuring of geography education's research program that focuses on spatial thinking and reasoning and merges applied and theoretical research is proposed.
Choroidal neovascularization secondary to tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) in an adult patient

Background Inflammation is a well-known risk factor for the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), yet not all causes of intraocular inflammation have been documented to cause CNV. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) is a rare cause of intraocular inflammation mostly in pediatric patients and only seldom has been associated with development of CNV.
Crustal and lithospheric structure of the West Antarctic Rift System from geophysical investigations — a review

Abstract The active West Antarctic Rift System, which extends from the continental shelf of the Ross Sea, beneath the Ross Ice Shelf and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is comparable in size to the Basin and Range in North America, or the East African rift systems. Geophysical surveys (primarily marine seismic and aeromagnetic combined with radar ice sounding) have extended the information provided by sparse geologic exposures and a few drill holes over the ice and sea covered area. Rift basins developed in the early Cretaceous accompanied by the major extension of the region. Tectonic activity has continued episodically in the Cenozoic to the present, including major uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. The West Antarctic ice sheet, and the late Cenozoic volcanic activity in the West Antarctic Rift System, through which it flows, have been coeval since at least Miocene time. The rift is characterized by sparse exposures of late Cenozoic alkaline volcanic rocks extending from northern Victoria Land throughout Marie Byrd Land. The aeromagnetic interpretations indicate the presence of >5×105 km2 (>106 km3) of probable late Cenozoic volcanic rocks (and associated subvolcanic intrusions) in the West Antarctic rift. This great volume with such limited exposures is explained by glacial removal of the associated late Cenozoic volcanic edifices (probably hyaloclastite debris) concomitantly with their subglacial eruption. Large offset seismic investigations in the Ross Sea and on the Ross Ice Shelf indicate a ∼17–24-km-thick, extended continental crust. Gravity data suggest that this extended crust of similar thickness probably underlies the Ross Ice Shelf and Byrd Subglacial Basin. Various authors have estimated maximum late Cretaceous–present crustal extension in the West Antarctic rift area from 255–350 km based on balancing crustal thickness. Plate reconstruction allowed
2-Chloro-2-phenylethylamine as a mechanistic probe and active site-directed inhibitor of monoamine oxidase from bovine liver mitochondria

The reaction of 2-chloro-2-phenylethylamine with monoamine oxidase B was investigated to study the mechanism of this enzyme and its inactivation by this compound. 2-Chloro-2-phenylethylamine is a substrate with a Km of 30 microM and a turnover number of 80 min-1 at pH 6.5 at 30 degrees C. Incubation of 2-chloro-2-phenylethylamine with the enzyme led to the normal oxidation product, 2-chloro-2-phenylacetaldehyde, but only traces (0.25 mol%) of 2-phenylacetaldehyde, the product anticipated if the oxidation of substrate involved a stabilized carbanion at C-1 and elimination of chloride ion. These data suggest that a carbanion is not a likely intermediate in the oxidation of amines by monoamine oxidase. During the mechanistic studies we noted time-dependent inactivation of monoamine oxidase B by 2-chloro-2-phenylethylamine under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Inactivation was not reversible. Aerobically 2-chloro-2-phenylethylamine is oxidized to 2-chloro-2-phenylacetaldehyde which covalently modifies the enzyme (tau 1/2 = 40 min). Benzyl alcohol, a substrate analog, gives substantial protection against inactivation under aerobic conditions (tau 1/2 = 320 min), suggesting that an active site residue is modified. Anaerobic reaction of 2-chloro-2-phenylethylamine with monoamine oxidase B probably proceeds by direct alkylation of an enzyme residue (tau 1/2 = 140 min). Reduction with [3H]NaBH4 of the inactivated enzyme gave from 0 to 0.7 and from 4.5 to 5.6 mol of hydride incorporation for enzyme inactivated anaerobically and aerobically, respectively. The latter results are in agreement with inactivation by unmodified inhibitor and inactivation by oxidized inhibitor for the anaerobic and aerobic reactions, respectively. It is suggested that 2-chloro-2-phenylethylamine or its oxidation product 2-chloro-2-phenylacetaldehyde may serve as an active site affinity reagent for monoamine oxidase.
African Inculturation of the Catholic Church in Zimbabwe, 1958–1977

(1999). African Inculturation of the Catholic Church in Zimbabwe, 1958–1977. The Historian: Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 765-782.
Failure Prediction of Aluminum Laser-Welded Blanks

The formability of aluminum-3% magnesium laser-welded blanks manufactured by 3kW YAG laser welding process is investigated in this paper. Previous experimental results showed that shear failure occurs in the welds of these blanks during tensile testing with the weld line perpendicular to the tensile axis. In order to further understand the failure in these blanks under uniaxial and biaxial straining conditions, finite element computations under generalized plane strain conditions are conducted to understand the effects of weld geometry and strength on the shear failure. The results indicate that the average plastic stress-strain behavior of the weld should be softer than that in the base metal in the direction perpendicular to the weld line. The results also show that the weld geometry has significant effects on strain localization in the weld under the tensile loading perpendicular to the weld line. The stress-strain histories of the material elements of the weld metal in tensile specimens obtained from ...
Reexamination of 1,4-Hydride Exchange within the η5-Naphthalenyl Complex [Mn(η5-C10H9)(CO)3] Establishes an Exchange Rate Intermediate between Those in the Cyclohexadienyl and Anthracenyl Analogues

Magnetization transfer experiments establish that the η5-naphthalenyl complex [Mn(η5-C10H9)(CO)3] participates in a 1,4-hydride shift reaction that involves exchange of the endo proton with the proton para to this position. Dynamic NMR studies establish that ΔG⧧ for this exchange is 21.0 kcal/mol at 298 K, intermediate between the previously reported exchange barriers of 34 kcal/mol in the benzene-derived complex [Mn(η5-C6D6H)(CO)3] and 14.6 kcal/mol for the anthracene-derived complex [Mn(η5-C14H11)(CO)3].
THE RESPONSE OF T CELLS TO HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-2 ANTIGENS DOSE-RESPONSE KINETICS

The DNA synthetic response of a wide variety of parental thymocyte doses was studied in the lymphoid tissues of lethally irradiated F1 mice. The response curves of the thymocytes were strikingly similar in shape to those of T cells responding to antigens, such as sheep red cells, which are more labile than the histocompatibility antigens of the F1 host. The response was characterized by a dose-dependent latent period of 1–3 days, followed by a sharp increase in activity and a significant subsequent shutoff. Larger thymocyte doses tended to shorten the latent period. A comparison of the responses of different cell doses to one another indicated that the response usually simulated a suppressed first-order reaction. However, occasional multiple order reactions were observed. We have interpreted these data to indicate that both positive and negative interactions occur between thymocytes, without the mediation of B cell products such as conventional antibodies.
The Evolving Roles of Information Professionals in Museums

Alors que de plus en plus de musees cherchent a fournir un acces en ligne a une information structuree sur leurs collections, le role et les responsabilites des professionnels de l'information travaillant dans ces musees sont amenes a evoluer profondement. A partir d'enquetes et d'entretiens menes aupres de professionnels, l'A. explore les changements intervenus dans le travail du webmestre de musee, en considerant quatre perspectives : les nouvelles competences et responsabilites, l'evolution des attentes et des demandes, les changements d'attitudes, la reponse aux besoins des utilisateurs.
Numerical Predictions of Dry Oxidation of Iron and Low-Carbon Steel at Moderately Elevated Temperatures

Wrought and cast low-carbon steel are candidate materials for the thick (e.g. 10 cm) outer barrier of nuclear waste packages being considered for use in the potential geological repository at Yucca Mountain. Dry oxidation is possible at the moderately elevated temperatures expected at the container surface (323-533 K or 50-260 C). Numerical predictions of dry oxidation damage were made based on experimental data for iron and low-carbon steel and parabolic oxidation theory. The Forward Euler method was implemented to integrate the parabolic rate law for arbitrary, complex temperature histories. Assuming growth of a defect-free, adherent oxide, the surface penetration of a low-carbon steel barrier following 5000 years of exposure to a severe, but repository-relevant, temperature history is predicted to be only about 0.127 mm, less than 0.13% of the expected container thickness of 10 cm. Allowing the oxide to spall upon reaching a critical thickness increases the predicted metal penetration values, but degradation is still computed to be negligible. Thus, dry oxidation is not expected to significantly degrade the performance of thick, corrosion allowance barriers constructed of low-carbon steel.
Projective objects in the categories of abelian ℓ-groups and MV-algebras

We provide a description of free MV-algebras as subalgebras of intervals of free Abelian l-groups. This description shows that the unital Abelian l-group corresponding to a free MV-algebra is projective as an Abelian l-group. More generally, we prove that this is still the case for projective MV-algebras. Using a construction similar to the one for MV-algebras, we show that the free algebras in the variety of negative cones of Abelian l-groups are subalgebras of negative cones of free Abelian l-groups. This allows us to prove a Baker–Beynon-type theorem for finitely generated free algebras in the variety of negative cones of Abelian l-groups. These results are specific cases of a more general situation, which is the subject of the last section of this paper.
Rapid Human-Assisted Creation of Bounding Models for Obstacle Avoidance in Construction

: State-of-the-art construction equipment control technology creates the opportunity to implement automated and semiautomated object avoidance for improved safety and efficiency during operation; however, methods for constructing models of local objects or volumes in real-time are required. A practical, interactive method for doing so is described here. The method: (1) exploits a human operator's ability to quickly recognize significant objects or clusters of objects in a scene, (2) exploits the operator's ability to acquire sparse range point clouds of the objects quickly, and then (3) renders models, such as planes, boxes, and generalized convex hulls, to be displayed graphically as visual feedback during equipment operation and/or for making proximity calculations in an obstacle detection system. Experiments were performed in which test subjects were asked to model objects of varying complexity and clutter. These models were then compared to control models using a ray-tracing algorithm to determine the operator's ability to create conservative models that are critical to construction operations. To demonstrate the applicability of the modeling method to obstacle avoidance, a scripted motion robot simulation was conducted using an artificial potential formulation that monitors position (closest point on manipulator link to nearest obstacle) as well as velocity (link inertia). Experimental results indicate that bounding models can be created rapidly and with sufficient accuracy for obstacle avoidance with the aid of human intelligence and that human-assisted modeling can be very beneficial for real-time construction equipment control.
The Dispersive Characteristics of the Left Ventricle Filling Wave

Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) is impairment in the filling of the left ventricle (LV) and is presumed to affect all heart failure patients including over 50% of patients with a preserved ejection fraction. Despite drastic changes in LV filling dynamics between healthy and diseased ventricles, LVDD remains difficult to diagnose due to inherent compensatory mechanisms such as increased atrial pressure, heart rate, and LV contractility. The propagation velocity (VP) of the filling wave entering the LV is a common parameter used to assess diastolic filling. Current methods of measuring VP are not physically based and neglect much of the fluid motion entering the LV. In this work, we investigate the physics of the filling wave. We posit that it is governed by a dispersive behavior and we explore its clinical significance.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Causal Effects of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Children’s Well-being in China

China's rural-to-urban migration has affected 12.6 million school-age rural children who have migrated with their parents and another 22 million who have been left behind by their migrant parents. Not enough is known, either theoretically or empirically, about the causal impact of migration on the wellbeing of this large number of Chinese children affected by migration. Propensity score matching methods are applied to estimate the effects of migration in children 10-15 years old from a 2010 national survey (N = 2,417). Children's migration has significant positive effects on their objective wellbeing but no negative effects on their subjective wellbeing. There is little difference between the left-behind and non-migrant children across multiple life domains. The Rosenbaum bounds tests indicate that the causal effects of child migration are sensitive to hidden bias for certain outcomes, but not for others.
Leg-length inequality is not associated with greater trochanteric pain syndrome

Introduction Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a common condition, the pathogenesis of which is incompletely understood. Although leg-length inequality has been suggested as a potential risk factor for GTPS, this widely held assumption has not been tested.
Repeated catecholamine surges alter cardiac isomyosin expression but not protein synthesis in the rat heart.

To assess the role of intermittentβ-adrenergic stimulation onα-myosin heavy chain expression and cellular hypertrophy, we studied the effect of intermittent dobutamine on myosin heavy chain isoform distribution and protein synthesis in the heterotopic rat heart preparation. This model allows the analysis of a pharmocologic stimulus in isolation from the mechanical load on the myocardium induced by the drug. Intermittent administration of dobutamine resulted in elevatedα-MHC levels (75 ± 12%) compared to control (55 ± 10%; X ±s.e.;P<0.05) transplanted hearts. This effect was not altered byα-receptor blockade with terazosin (72 ± 8%). Intermittently pacing the transplanted hearts at the same rate as observed with dobutamine alone, also elevatedα-MHC levels (70 ± 5%). In contrast, total protein synthesis in the transplanted hearts was not altered with any of the drug or pacing interventions compared to control hearts. These data suggest that intermittentβ-receptor stimulation and/or intermittent increased heart rate contribute to altered patterns of myosin heavy chain expression. However, increases in cardiac mass and protein synthesis are probably mediated by hemodynamic factors rather than catecholamine stimulation.
Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications

The infrared bands of chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons enhance the atmospheric greenhouse effect. This enhancement may lead to an appreciable increase in the global surface temperature if the atmospheric concentrations of these compounds reach values of the order of 2 parts per billion.
Design of Gateable Transmitter for Acoustic Telemetering Tags

A single-transistor class B oscillator was designed as a gateable transmitter stage for ultrasonic tags. The transmitting efficiency was analyzed by grouping the various losses into two categories: collector circuit losses to determine the collector efficiency; and load circuit losses to determine the load efficiency. The collector efficiency, 58.5 percent for this design, is a function of the internal battery resistance, collector saturation resistance, operating power level, and battery voltage. The load efficiency, 37 percent for this design, includes losses from the transformer, base circuit, and projector. The conditions for maximum power transfer were delineated, and a simple procedure for obtaining an approximate measure of projector efficiency was prepared.
Largemouth bass response to habitat and water quality rehabilitation in a backwater of the upper Mississippi River

Abstract Severe sedimentation since lock and dam construction in the 1930s has reduced water depth in Upper and Lower Brown's lakes, a backwater complex in Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River, and resulted in periods of chronic anoxia. This backwater complex was rehabilitated by construction of a deflection levee, installation of a water control structure, and excavation of canals through the area. Water quality variables inside and outside the project area, movement of radio-tagged largemouth bass in response to changing oxygen concentrations, and creel statistics were used to evaluate the success of the improvements. Turbidity was significantly less in the Brown's Lake complex than in the main channel. Oxygen concentrations were allowed to deteriorate to 3 ppm before the water control structures were opened during the winter; within 7 d, oxygen concentrations as high as 10 ppm were found in the top strata in most of the Brown's Lake complex. Chemical and thermal stratification observed in the dredge ...