cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of gases through polyurethane block polymers

The diffusivities of simple gases through a series of polyurethane block copolymers of differing aromatic urethane content and type of soft segment were measured using a quadrapole mass spectrometer as a detecting device. Although an Arrhenius expression generally described the temperature dependence of diffusion in this system, a discontinuity was observed in the Arrhenius plots for some materials, and the discontinuity was found to be related to the onset of the glass transition in the hard domains. Increasing the hard segment content of the materials decreased the diffusivity due to the increase in the activation energy of diffusion. Increasing the soft segment length brought about a decrease in the activation energy with an increase in diffusivity. Polyster urethanes had lower activation energies for diffusion than polyether urethanes of similar hard segment composition. Finally, as the penetrant diameter was increased, a decrease in the diffusivity and an increase in the activation energy was noted.
Flux flow noise spectra of type II superconductors

Abstract Measurement of the flux flow noise have been made in foil samples of Pb80In20. The results obtained cannot be explained by previous models which assume direct transit of fluxoids across sample. However, using a model based on the assumption that the flux motion is interrupted by pinning centers it is possible to obtain a good fit to the measured noise curves. Good agreement is also obtained between the calculated and measured critical frequencies using this model. These results may also help explain certain features of noise measurements reported by other workers.
Increased expression of P-glycoprotein and doxorubicin chemoresistance of metastatic breast cancer is regulated by miR-298.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of a number of genes involved in cancer; therefore, they offer great diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We have developed doxorubicin-resistant and -sensitive metastatic human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) to study the chemoresistant mechanisms regulated by miRNAs. We found that doxorubicin localized exclusively to the cytoplasm and was unable to reach the nuclei of resistant tumor cells because of the increased nuclear expression of MDR1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp). An miRNA array between doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant breast cancer cells showed that reduced expression of miR-298 in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells was associated with increased expression of P-gp. In a transient transfection experiment, miR-298 directly bound to the MDR1 3′ untranslated region and regulated the expression of firefly luciferase reporter in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-298 down-regulated P-gp expression, increasing nuclear accumulation of doxorubicin and cytotoxicity in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of miR-298 increased P-gp expression and induced doxorubicin resistance in sensitive breast cancer cells. In summary, these results suggest that miR-298 directly modulates P-gp expression and is associated with the chemoresistant mechanisms of metastatic human breast cancer. Therefore, miR-298 has diagnostic and therapeutic potential for predicting doxorubicin chemoresistance in human breast cancer.
Exploring Doctoral Student Identity Development Using a Self-Study Approach

The doctoral journey is as much about identity transitions as it is about becoming an expert in a field of study. However, transitioning from past and professional lives and identities to scholarly identities is not an easy process. Three doctoral students at various stages of completion engaged in self-study research to explore their emerging identities as doctoral student practitioners. Drawing on self-study and doctoral student identity research, as well as findings from our individual analyses, we explore how self-study can be used as an authentic and positive experience to help doctoral students understand their scholarly identity development. After describing the benefits of self-study research for doctoral student success, we provide practical guidelines for how to implement self-study research into existing doctoral programs.
Endoscopic pyloric injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis

Background Botulinum toxin A injected into the pyloric sphincter has been reported in small case series to treat gastroparesis. This study reviews the use of this treatment in a large number of patients with gastroparesis. Methods Patients who underwent pyloric botulinum injection for treatment of gastroparesis were identified. Response was defined as improvement or resolution of the patient's major symptom and/or two minor symptoms for 4 weeks. Results Of 115 patients treated, 63 patients met the study criteria. There were 53 women, 10 men, mean age 42 years. Most patients (56%) had idiopathic gastroparesis. Twenty-seven of 63 (43%) patients experienced a symptomatic response to treatment. By stepwise logistic regression, male gender was associated with response to treatment (OR 3.27: 95% CI[1.31, 8.13], p =0.01). Vomiting as a major symptom was associated with a lack of response (OR 0.16: 95% CI[0.04, 0.67], p =0.01). Despite the association of male gender with response, the mean duration of response for those patients responding, with a minimum of 3 months' follow-up was 4.9 months (±2.7 months) for women and 3.5 months (±0.71 months) for men ( p =0.59). The corresponding medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were 5 (IQR 3-6) for females and 3.5 (IQR 3-4) for males. Conclusions Of the patients, 43% had a response to botulinum toxin treatment that lasted a mean of approximately 5 months. Male gender was associated with a response to this therapy; however, durability of response was unrelated to gender. Vomiting as a major symptom predicted no response.
Linear response of Venice storm gates to incident waves

In laboratory experiments, it is known that the mobile storm barriers designed for Venice inlets can be excited subharmonically by incident waves to oscillate in modes that can reduce the efficienc...
Selection of human antibodies against cell surface-associated oligomeric anthrax protective antigen.

Abstract The protective antigen (PA 83 ) of Bacillus anthracis is the dominant antigen in natural and vaccine-induced immunity to anthrax infection. Three human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against cell bound PA were isolated from an antibody phage display library. Specifically, the antibodies were evaluated for their ability to bind to cell bound heptameric PA and ultimately protect against the cytotoxicity of lethal toxin. In total, all three scFvs possessed neutralizing activity against the cytotoxic effects of lethal toxin in a macrophage lysis assay. The K d values of the Fabs were determined, interestingly their protective effects did not parallel their affinities; hence, a simple binding argument alone to PA 63 cannot be used as the distinguishing feature for the prediction of their neutralization abilities. Immunofluorescent microscopy experiments were conducted and provided strong evidence for Fab binding to oligomeric PA on the cell surface and thus a plausible mechanism for the toxin neutralization activity that was observed. The results of this study presented herein suggest that our antibodies compete with LF–PA cell surface interactions, and thus may provide potential application of human antibodies as passive immunization prophylactics in cases of B. anthracis exposure and infection.
Metabolism of juvenile hormone by the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Abstract The dorsal abdominal epidermis of the last (fifth) instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was found to convert juvenile hormone I (JH) primarily into JH-acid with the acid-diol comprising less than 10% of the metabolites. This esterase activity of the epidermis increased as a function of larval age, the t 1 2 for JH in the medium being 45, 21, and 7 min for day 1, day 2, and day 3 larvae respectively. Since the increased esterase activity of the epidermis was not inhibited by DFP and paralleled the increase found in the haemolymph, it was considered to be a ‘JH-specific’ esterase(s) and likely to be involved in elimination of intracellular JH from the target tissues in preparation for metamorphosis. The JH-binding protein tripled the half-life of JH in the medium, irrespective of the age of the epidermis, apparently by retarding its uptake. In spite of this protection of JH from degradation, the presence of the JH-binding protein had no significant influence on the action of JH in the prevention of the 20-hydroxyecdysone induced change of commitment of the epidermis.
Primary radiation treatment of colloid carcinoma of the breast: a case report

A case report is presented of a patient with a colloid carcinoma of the breast, stage T3 N0 M0, treated definitively with external and interstitial radiation. Three-year follow-up has shown no local recurrence, with complete regression and no development of regional or distant metastases. The prognostic significance of colloid carcinoma and the use of radiation in its treatment are discussed.
Systemic Organ Wasting Induced by Localized Expression of the Secreted Insulin/IGF Antagonist ImpL2

Organ wasting, related to changes in nutrition and metabolic activity of cells and tissues, is observed under conditions of starvation and in the context of diseases, including cancers. We have developed a model for organ wasting in adult Drosophila, whereby overproliferation induced by activation of Yorkie, the Yap1 oncogene ortholog, in intestinal stem cells leads to wasting of the ovary, fat body, and muscle. These organ-wasting phenotypes are associated with a reduction in systemic insulin/IGF signaling due to increased expression of the secreted insulin/IGF antagonist ImpL2 from the overproliferating gut. Strikingly, expression of rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes and central components of the insulin/IGF pathway is upregulated with activation of Yorkie in the gut, which may provide a mechanism for this overproliferating tissue to evade the effect of ImpL2. Altogether, our study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying organ-wasting phenotypes in Drosophila and how overproliferating tissues adapt to global changes in metabolism.
Second class interactions and the electron-neutrino correlation in nuclear beta decay

The electron-neutrino correlation for $^{6}\mathrm{He}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is analyzed for possible second class effects. Existing data are found to be consistent with there being no second class form factor but the conclusion is somewhat model dependent. The $e\ensuremath{\nu}$ correlation for the $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ decay is considered and it is shown that an improved measurement, comparable to that achieved for $^{6}\mathrm{He}$, would provide an unambiguous result concerning second class terms.RADIOACTIVITY $^{6}\mathrm{He}$; deduced second class form factor from the $e\ensuremath{\nu}$ angular correlation.
Non-market valuation of off-highway vehicle recreation in Larimer County, Colorado: Implications of trail closures

Abstract Few economic studies are available to measure off-highway vehicle recreation benefits foregone when trails must be closed to protect the environment. This paper estimates the non-market benefits associated with off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation on National Forest lands in Larimer County, Colorado. We use a contingent valuation model (CVM) to estimate benefits to OHV users, which includes dirt bike riders, all terrain vehicle (ATV) riders, and 4-wheel drive (4 × 4) users. Using CVM we find the mean consumer surplus estimates to be $78 per person per day. These results are consistent with the few previous estimates of OHV recreation benefits. This equates to a per trail per summer consumer surplus of at least between $219,467 and $296,876, and a county level surplus per summer to be at least between $796,447 and $1,077,367. These benefits can be compared to environmental costs to obtain a more complete picture of the effects of trail closure, as well as the negative spillovers to non-motorized users.
Measurement of cross section for charge pickup by 11.4 A GeV gold ions

Abstract We have studied nuclear charge pickup by relativistic gold ions with an energy of 11.4 A GeV in various targets at the Brookhaven AGS. The cross section is similar to that previously measured at ∼1 A GeV. The dependence of cross section on target mass follows A T 0.37 , while that on projectile mass is much steeper than linear and not inconsistent with the A p 2 dependence established at ∼1 A GeV.
Selective depolymerisation of dermatan sulfate: Production of radiolabelled substrates for α-l-iduronidase, sulfoiduronate sulfatase, and β-d-glucuronidase

Abstract Radiolabelled disaccharide substrates for α- l -iduronidase, β- d -glucuronidase, and sulfoiduronate sulfatase have been prepared from dermatan sulfate by application in sequence of N -deacetylation, deaminative cleavage, and reduction with NaBT 4 . The yield of disaccharides was ∼87% of the total oligosaccharide fraction. Five disaccharides were isolated and tentatively identified. The major disaccharide, O -(α- l -idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→3)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]talitol 4-sulfate (IdoA-anT4S), represented ∼75% of the total disaccharide fraction. The other disaccharides were O -(α- l -idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1→3)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]talitol 4-sulfate (IdoA2S-anT4S), O -(β- d -glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→3)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]talitol 4-sulfate (GlcA-anT4S), O -(β- d -glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→3)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]talitol 6-sulfate (GlcA-anT6S), and O -(α- l -idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→3)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]talitol (IdoA-anT), which represented ∼4.5, 11.2, 1.0, and 1.8%, respectively, of the total disaccharide fraction. When incubated with cultured skin-fibroblasts from normal controls, IdoA-anT4S was shown to be a sensitive substrate for α- l -iduronidase to produce 2,5-anhydro- d -talitol 4-sulfate (anT4S). Activity toward IdoA-anT4S was not observed with fibroblast homogenates from α- l -iduronidase-deficient patients (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I). Similarly, normal-fibroblast homogenates degraded GlcA-anT6S to anT6S, and GlcA-anT4S to anT4S, at a rate 6 to 8 times greater than found for fibroblasts from β- d -glucuronidase-deficient patients (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII). IdoA-anT4S was hydrolysed by α- l -iduronidase at a rate 365 times greater than that for IdoA-anT. Sulfation of the anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]talitol residues is an important structural determinant in the mechanism of action of α- l -iduronidase on disaccharide substrates. IdoA2S-anT4S was degraded to IdoA-anT4S and then to anT4S by normal-fibroblast homogenates, whereas fibroblasts from α- l -iduronidase-deficient and sulfoiduronate sulfatase-deficient (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II) patients produced considerably decreased levels of anT4s and IdoA-anT4S (and anT4S), respectively.
Tritiated ethylketocyclazocine binding in rat brain: differential distribution of binding sites across brain regions.

Abstract In rat brain, 3 H-EKC shows a relative regional distribution of binding which parallels that of 3 H-morphine. Dynorphin(1–13) has a pattern similar to morphine and dissimilar to EKC in displacing the three labels. Dynorphin(1–13) is more potent against 3 H-morphine than against 3 H-EKC across brain regions while β-endorphin competes better against 3 H-EKC.
Interest, Media, and Order Effects in Persuasive Communications

(1963). Interest, Media, and Order Effects in Persuasive Communications. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 9-13.
Plantation Jamaica 1750–1850: capital control in a colonial economy

Plantation Jamaica 1750–1850: capital control in a colonial economy, by B.W. Higman, Mona, University of West Indies Press, 2005, xiv + 386 pp., £28.95, illus. (hardback), ISBN 976-640-165-9 Since ...
Continuous-Melter Vitrification of Fernald Mixed Wastes: Distribution of Contaminants Between Glass, Scrubber Solutions and Off-Gases

Results are presented from treatability studies on the vitrification of hazardous and low-level radioactive soils and sludges from the Fernald site. The majority of the contaminants of concern are contained in large volumes of sludges accumulated from uranium and thorium production operations that are presently stored in pits at Fernald. These sludges present particular challenges to the vitrification process in that they contain significant amounts of fluorides (mostly magnesium and calcium). In this study, glass formulations used sludges, soils and a minimum amount of additives resulting in waste loadings as high as 94%. Several of these formulations were evaluated by continuous feeding of slurries into a joule-heated vitrification system. Melter off-gases were treated in a two-stage NaOH scrubbing system. HF acid fumes were neutralized, resulting in the formation of a NaF solid precipitate which is removed from the scrubber and recycled to subsequent melter feeds. Elemental and isotope compositions of the glasses, scrubber solutions, NaF precipitate and off-gases show that greater than 99.7% of uranium and thorium, 95% of Pb, Cd, Ni, Sb, Cr, and Hg were retained in the glass. Fluoride and other gaseous emissions from the scrubber system were below regulatory limits, even before HEPA filtration.
An introduction to time‐frequency signal analysis

Provides an introduction to the field of time‐frequency analysis by reviewing four important and popular used time‐frequency analysis methods with focus on the principles and implementation. The basic idea of time‐frequency analysis is to understand and describe situations where the frequency content of a signal is changing in time. Although time‐frequency analysis had its origin almost 50 years ago, significant advances have occurred in the past 15 years or so. Recently, the time‐frequency representation has received considerable attention as a powerful tool for analysing a variety of signals and systems.
Natural convection with mercury in a uniformly heated vertical channel during unstable laminar and transitional flow

Experimental heat transfer correlations were determined for natural convection in mercury in a uniformly heated vertical channel with width-to-height ratios varying from 0.25 to infinity (the single plate limit). Local modified Grashof numbers varied between 108 and 1011. Temperature and velocity profiles were obtained for these same channel configurations and local Grashof numbers. Instantaneous velocity plots indicate the range of conditions studied to proceed from unstable laminar flow well into the transition regime. Heat transfer results are in good agreement with earlier results reported for stable laminar flow which were limited to values of modified Grashof number less than 109.
Consumption-Based Asset Pricing, Part 1: Classic Theory and Tests, Measurement Issues, and Limited Participation

This article, Part 1 of 2, reviews the classical origins, development, and tests of consumption-based asset pricing theory, focusing mainly on the first two decades from 1976 to 1998. Starting with the original consumption capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) derivations, we review both theory and subsequent tests and provide some new applications. The consumption aggregation theorem and CCAPM are derived, and optimal consumption and portfolio strategies are discussed. The term structure of interest rates is derived from the term structures for expected growth, volatility, and inflation. Time aggregation biases in consumption betas as well as the usefulness of the “consumption-mimicking portfolio” are also derived. In addition to various empirical tests, models and tests of limited participation in asset markets as well as models of incomplete markets are presented. When certain measurement issues are taken into account, the CCAPM performs better than the original CAPM and nearly as well as the Fama-French...
Long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment in patients with femoropopliteal TASC II class A and B lesion

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome following endovascular therapy (EVT) for femoropopliteal (FP) lesion with TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II class A and B. Methods: This study was a multicenter retrospective analysis. A total of 2742 consecutive patients with FP disease, 3471limbs were enrolled and 2003 limbs with TASCII A and B lesions were analyzed; 1169 (58.4%) were stenting, 834 (41.6%) were plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) alone. Results: The mean follow-up term were 4.6±0.1 years. The mean reference vessel diameter was 5.2±1.0 mm and the mean lesion length was 58.7±33.8 mm. Freedom from restenosis was significantly higher in the stent group (85.3%, 69.6% and 59.9% at 1, 3 and 5 years) than that in the POBA group (76.2%, 59.6% and 49.3% at 1, 3 and 5 years; P<0.0001). Freedom from repeated revascularization was also better in the stent group than that in the POBA group (91.2% vs 84.9%, 82.2% vs 75.2% and 76.8% vs 68.0% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively; P=0.0002) and the difference in freedom from reocclusion between in the two groups was similar (93.9% vs 92.2%, 86.2% vs 80.5% and 78.6% vs 66.5% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively; P=0.006). But limited to lesions with reference vessel diameter (RVD) below 4.5mm, there was no difference in freedom from restenosis between in the two groups (stent vs POBA; 73.0% vs 74.8%, 57.2% vs 53.2% and 46.8% vs 45.4% at 1, 3 and 5 years, P=0.67). Diabetes, hemodialysis, the history of cerebrovascular disease, absence of cilostazol, POBA alone and RVD <4.5mm were found to be independent predictors of freedom from restenosis. ![Figure][1] Freedom from restenosis Conclusions: FP stenting improves the freedom from restenosis, repeated revascularization and reocclusion for TASCII class A and B lesions. [1]: pending:yes
Using density-distribution sunflower plots to explore bivariate relationships in dense data

Density-distribution sunflower plots are used to display high-density bivariate data. They are useful for data where a conventional scatterplot is difficult to read due to overstriking of the plot symbol. The x-y plane is subdivided into a lattice of small, regular, hexagonal bins. These bins are divided into low-, medium-, and high-density groups. In low-density bins, the individual observations are plotted as in a conventional scatterplot. Medium- and high-density bins contain light and dark sunflowers, respectively. In a light sunflower, each petal represents one observation. In a dark sunflower, each petal represents a specific number of observations. The user can control the sizes and colors of the sunflowers. By selecting appropriate colors and sizes for the light and dark sunflowers, plots can be obtained that give both the overall sense of the data-density distribution, as well as the number of data points in any given region. Sunflower plots are also contrasted with contour plots of bivariate kernel- density estimates. The appearance of these plots is markedly affected by the choice of smoothing parameters and the spacing of points at which the probability density function is evaluated. Sunflower plots can be helpful in guiding the se- lection of these parameters and in distinguishing between chance and systematic variation in the distribution of bivariate data.
Long-term sex selective hormonal and behavior alterations in mice exposed to low doses of chlorpyrifos in utero.

Chlorpyrifos, O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is an organophosphate insec- ticide known to be present in human urine. In utero exposure to chlorpyrifos may cause long-term hormonal and behavior alterations. In this study mice were exposed to 0, 1 or 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos on gestational days 17-20. In utero exposed mice were then tested in a novel foraging behavior maze and assayed for thyroid hormones. Free Thyroxine Index increased significantly in females, but not males. Learning latency and reduced learning ability was evident during training sessions 5-9 in female mice exposed to 1 or 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. No learning deficiencies were observed in male mice. No differ- ences were seen in behavior when using a standard radial arm maze during the nine training sessions. These data suggest that mice are susceptible to neuro-endocrine reprogramming by chlorpyrifos, and demonstrate the efficacy of the novel foraging maze as an efficient behavior assay tool.
Two‐stage methods for the analysis of pooled data

Epidemiologic studies of disease often produce inconclusive or contradictory results due to small sample sizes or regional variations in the disease incidence or the exposures. To clarify these issues, researchers occasionally pool and reanalyse original data from several large studies. In this paper we explore the use of a two-stage random-effects model for analysing pooled case-control studies and undertake a thorough examination of bias in the pooled estimator under various conditions. The two-stage model analyses each study using the model appropriate to the design with study-specific confounders, and combines the individual study-specific adjusted log-odds ratios using a linear mixed-effects model; it is computationally simple and can incorporate study-level covariates and random effects. Simulations indicate that when the individual studies are large, two-stage methods produce nearly unbiased exposure estimates and standard errors of the exposure estimates from a generalized linear mixed model. By contrast, joint fixed-effects logistic regression produces attenuated exposure estimates and underestimates the standard error when heterogeneity is present. While bias in the pooled regression coefficient increases with interstudy heterogeneity for both models, it is much smaller using the two-stage model. In pooled analyses, where covariates may not be uniformly defined and coded across studies, and occasionally not measured in all studies, a joint model is often not feasible. The two-stage method is shown to be a simple, valid and practical method for the analysis of pooled binary data. The results are applied to a study of reproductive history and cutaneous melanoma risk in women using data from ten large case-control studies.
On the correspondence of contracts to salaries in (many-to-many) matching

Abstract In this note, I extend the work of Echenique (2012) to show that a model of many-to-many matching with contracts may be embedded into a model of many-to-many matching with wage bargaining whenever (1) all agentsʼ preferences are substitutable and (2) the matching with contracts model is unitary , in the sense that every contractual relationship between a given firm–worker pair is specified in a single contract. Conversely, I show that unitarity is essentially necessary for the embedding result.
On the Investigation of Degradation Mechanisms in Ultra-High Performance Gaas Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

Summary form only given. Recently, current-induced degradation in the form of V/sub BE/ shifts has been reported when the heterojunction is stressed under high-level forward current injection. Although the V/sub BE/ shift is an indication of device parameter change, the degradation mechanisms cannot be readily identified. An approach is presented that uncovers the device degradation mechanisms by measuring the inverted mode I/sub C/ at room temperature and the forward mode I/sub B/ at low temperature. The correlation between the change in the inverted I/sub C/ and an anomalous component (tunneling current) of I/sub B/ is observed and attributed to beryllium interstitial diffusion into substitutional sites. >
The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells

Androgenic hormones induce inhibition or regression of the bursa of Fabricius in the chick embryo. The high doses of hormones necessary to this involution raises the question of the processes involved and their putative role in the normal development of the bursa. If androgens play a role it is mediated by receptor sites in target cells. Using an autoradiographic technique, receptor sites for androgenic hormones were localized in mesenchymal cells of the bursa from the primordium (7-day embryo) up to the fully differentiated immune organ (15-day embryo). No target cells containing receptor sites in their nuclei were observed in the endodermic epithelium or the follicles. Oestrogen target cells in very small number are found in the mesenchyme of the bursa, in 15-day embryos. The early presence of receptor sites for steroid hormones in the bursa of Fabricius shows that the normal development may be influenced by androgens, but the actual effects are yet to be demonstrated.
Transcription and Translation

Regulation of the transcription and translation mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori is presumed to be similar to those of the well-studied Escherichia coli, because both are gram-negative bacteria. Complete DNA sequencing of the genomes of two different strains of H. pylori has allowed the application of powerful sequence homology searches to assign putative functions to various open reading frames (ORFs), leading to hypotheses regarding transcriptional and translational processes in H. pylori genomes. This chapter focuses on experimental results dealing with transcription and translation obtained in the past few years. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase mediates synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. The discovery that H. pylori undergoes spontaneous autolysis toward the end of log-phase growth and the conversion of bacteria into coccoid forms is consistent with these explanations. The lack of an identifiable ortholog of rpoH has been interpreted as suggesting that H. pylori may respond to stress differently than other bacteria. H. pylori promoters are classified by the sigma factors involved (or presumed to be involved) to direct their transcription, i.e., the σ70-dependent, σ54-dependent, and σ28-dependent promoters. The translational apparatus is required for expression of the genetic information encoded in cells. Components include ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA, numerous ligands, ions, nucleotides, and several proteins, including tRNA-modifying enzymes, aminoacyl- tRNA synthetases, and the proteins transiently associated with ribosomes. The H. pylori genome is unique in the absence of an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase gene. Complete DNA sequencing of the H. pylori genome has allowed sequence-similarity comparisons with other gram-negative bacteria.
Thermal and Electrical Transport in Ultralow Density Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

The thermal, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of aerogels of single-walled carbon nanotubes are characterized. Their ultralow density enables the transport properties of the junctions to be distinguished from those of the nanotubes themselves. Junction thermal and electrical conductances are found to be orders of magnitude larger than those found in typical dense SWCNT networks. In particular, the average junction thermal conductance is close to the theoretical maximum for a van der Waals bonded SWCNT junction.
Depletion of nitric oxide causes cell cycle alterations, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in pulmonary cells

Nitric oxide (NO ⋅) is important in the regulation of mitochondrial function, cell signaling, and gene expression. To elucidate how endogenous NO ⋅ regulates the function of airway epithelial cells...
A Clarke Transformation-Based DFT Phasor and Frequency Algorithm for Wide Frequency Range

Despite its wide applications in power grid monitoring, the classic discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based synchrophasor estimation algorithms suffer from significant errors when the power system operates under off-nominal frequency conditions. This phenomenon is caused by spectral leakage of DFT and becomes even more severe for single-phase synchrophasor estimation. To address this issue, a theory to eliminate the spectral leakage-caused errors is proposed and a Clarke transformation-based DFT synchrophasor estimation algorithm is proposed to implement the theory in this paper. The Clarke transformation constructs a second signal that has exactly 90° phase angle difference from the original single-phase input signal and helps eliminate the estimation errors for a wide frequency range. The proposed algorithm is tested under the conditions required in the phasor measurement unit standard C37.118.1-2011 and C37.118.1a-2014, as well as the harmonic and noise conditions not required in the standard to verify its performance. More importantly, the idea of using Clarke transformation can be used for other DFT-based synchrophasor algorithms in order to achieve higher synchrophasor measurement accuracy under dynamic conditions. An example is presented at last to demonstrate the expandability of the proposed idea.
BM-27ESTIMATING THE ADDITIONAL BENEFIT OF SURGICAL EXCISION TO STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC BRAIN DISEASE.

There are limited data on the benefits of surgical tumor excision plus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in comparison to SRS alone for patients with oligometastatic brain disease. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 162 consecutive patients, who were whole brain radiation therapy (WBXRT) naive, undergoing tumor excision + SRS boost (n = 49) or SRS alone (n = 113). Factors related to patient survival were determined by Cox regression; time-to-recurrence (TTR) was analyzed similarly but with robust residuals to account for clustering. The effect of complete resection + SRS boost on survival was further explored by 2:1 propensity score matching. The average age of the cohort was 65.3 years, 49.4% female, and included 260 brain tumors of which 119 tumors were solitary. Surgical patients were younger, had better performance status and less burden of disease compared to SRS alone. None of these differences were statistically significant; RPA class was significantly better in the SRS + boost group (p = .003, Mann-Whitney). Seventy three tumors recurred (28%). Factors related to TTR were radiation sensitive pathology (non renal or melanoma) (hazard ratio (HR) =.345, p = .0014), treatment volume (HR = 1.078, p = .0022) and complete tumor resection (HR = .371, p = .015). Factors related to survival were age (HR = 1.02, p = .037), ECOG performance score (HR= 1.9, p = .0001) and complete surgical excision (HR = .55, p = .01). Propensity score matched analysis of complete resection + SRS boost (n = 40) versus SRS alone (n = 80) yielded nearly identical results of improved survival with complete resection (HR = .52, p = .03). Incomplete tumor resection had both median survival and TTR equivalent to SRS alone. Complete surgical excision + SRS boost is associated with improved survival and reduced likelihood of tumor recurrence in comparison to SRS alone. These results were replicated in the propensity score analysis which matched surgical and non-surgical patients on factors known to influence outcome. Incomplete resection did not improve survival or TTR compared to SRS alone.
Congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A light-microscopic, immunopathologic, and electron-microscopic study

We present a case of a congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. This rapidly growing lesion, which was located in the subcutis of the left upper arm, was excised at the age of 8 1/2 months. The patient, a girl, was well and free of disease 10 months after surgical removal of the tumor. The tumor appeared grossly encapsulated. The gray-tan tissue contained cystic spaces filled with recent and organizing hemorrhages. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of solid masses of histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells, inflammatory infiltrate, and multifocal irregular blood-filled spaces, which were predominantly devoid of endothelial cells. The tumor was studied immunohistochemically with antibodies specific for FVIII-related antigen, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, desmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase, laminin, and collagen type IV. Ulex europaeus lectin-I was also utilized. These studies, along with our ultrastructural findings, suggest that: (a) the tumor is composed of a mixture of mesenchymal cells; (b) an imperfect angiogenesis may be taking place, resulting in a wide spectrum of vascular structures; and (c) the cell of origin may be a pluripotent mesenchymal cell.
A minimum-norm model validation identification for robust control

This paper describes a problem formulation and a design algorithm in which system identification is used to facilitate robust control design of multivariable systems. The method assumes that the uncertainty structure with respect to a nominal model is given a priori. Under mild assumptions, a closedform expression for the smallest norm structured uncertainty that validates the model is given. The problem formulation and algorithm suggested do not depend on a particular choice of nominal or single best model provided that the predicted output error can be related to structured uncertainties. A proven observer-based system identification algorithm in time domain is used to obtain a nominal model while the residual errors in the estimated outputs are used to generate bounds of structured uncertainties for each component in the frequency domain. For the special case when the true plant is strictly linear time invariant with filtered noise, the formulation reduces to the single plant observer-based system identification. The algorithm is demonstrated by directly generating the nominal and uncertainty models from simulated experimental data. Numerical results show reasonable predictions of structured uncertainty bounds. The algorithm presented in this paper has a potential for use in aerospace applica* Research Engineer, Guidance & Control Branch, Flight Dynamics & Control Division, k.b.lim@larc.nasa.gov t Associate Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, balas@jette.aem.umn.edu * Aerospace Engineer, Guidance & Control Branch, tobin.anthony@gsfc.nasa.gov Copyright ©by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. No copyright is asserted in the United States under Title 17, U.S.Code. The U.S. Government has a royalty-free license to exercise all rights under the copyright claimed herein for Governmental Purposes. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner. tions especially in developing robust control systems for on-orbit spacecraft.
Non-Stationary Spectrum Analysis of Ocean Waves

Priestley's method [1, 2, 3] of non-stationary spectral analysis is extended to the case of digitally sampled records. A computation procedure previously proposed in an earlier work [4] is further investigated. This procedure compensates for the inherent difficulties in the theory and computes timedependent spectra from a sample in an iterative manner. Validities of the theory and the iterative procedure are tested with a simulated non-stationary process. Results establish a general agreement with theory, especially when spectra vary smoothly with time and frequency. Consequently, the procedure is applied to estimate non-stationary spectra for two wave records. A comparison is made between the non-stationary estimates and the stationary results derived from the same set of wave records.
A Combined Boundary Integral Method for Analysis of Crack Problems in Multilayered Elastic Media

An efficient and accurate elastic analysis based on boundary integral methods is presented for crack problems in inhomogeneous elastic media consisting of a set of individually uniform strata. The method combines the direct boundary integral method (DM) and the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) so that it shares both the efficiency of the DDM and the broad applicability of the DM. The DDM is implemented to construct the stiffness matrix in each layer, while the DM is used to characterize the effects of the interfaces. All the variables on the interfaces can then be eliminated through the continuity conditions, leading to the final system of equations consisting of variables on crack surfaces only. The concept of the crack tip element is also adopted for a better treatment of the crack tip singularity. The examples demonstrate that the combined method has comparable accuracy of DM but is more efficient, especially for the scaled thin layers in the application of practical hydraulic fracturing simulations.
Energy impact of different penetrations of connected and automated vehicles: a preliminary assessment

Previous research reported in the literature has shown the benefits of traffic coordination to alleviate congestion, and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. However, there are still many remaining challenges that need to be addressed before a massive deployment of fully automated vehicles. This paper aims to investigate the energy impacts of different penetration rates of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and their interaction with human-driven vehicles. We develop a simulation framework for mixed traffic (CAVs interacting with human-driven vehicles) in merging roadways and analyze the energy impact of different penetration rates of CAVs on the energy consumption. The Gipps car following model is used along with heuristic controls to represent the driver decisions in a merging roadways traffic scenario. Using different penetration rates of CAVs, the simulation results indicated that for low penetration rates, the fuel consumption benefits are significant but the total travel time increases. The benefits in travel time are noticeable for higher penetration rates of CAVs.
Soot Oxidation by OH: Theory Development, Model, and Experimental Validation

Soot oxidation by OH has been represented by an equation developed by Neoh that includes the efficiency of OH radicals to react, the collision efficiency. The focus of this study is the theoretical development of the collision efficiency, enabling a more accurate prediction of soot oxidation where OH is the principle oxidizer. In addition to the traditional parameters, such as OH concentration and temperature, this approach aims to improve the prediction of soot oxidation by considering the fraction of the active area as well as the size of the soot particle and aggregate. The fraction of the active area was correlated with the type of C–H bond on the surface of particles and the concentration of H radicals that causes hydrogen abstraction from C–H bonds to create radical sites. The model was validated using experimental data for various fuels and two burner configurations.
Overt and Subclinical Baroreflex Dysfunction After Bilateral Carotid Body Tumor Resection: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Implications for Management.

Background Carotid body paragangliomas are rare, usually benign, tumors arising from glomus cells of the carotid body. Bilateral involvement is present in ∼5% of sporadic cases and up to one third of familial cases. In most patients undergoing bilateral resection of carotid body tumors, a condition known as baroreflex failure syndrome (BFS) develops after resection of the second tumor characterized by headache, anxiety, emotional lability, orthostatic lightheadedness, hypertension, and tachycardia. This condition is believed to result from damage to the carotid baroreceptor apparatus. Patients without overt cardiovascular abnormalities may have subclinical baroreceptor dysfunction evident only on specific testing, measuring heart rate and sympathetic nerve responses to baroloading (e.g., phenylephrine) and barounloading (e.g., Valsalva maneuver). Given the high incidence of BFS in patients undergoing bilateral resection of carotid body tumors, it is suggested that operation is limited to unilateral resection of the dominant/symptomatic lesion and nonsurgical intervention (i.e., embolization, radiotherapy) on the contralateral side. Alternatively, refinement of surgical technique to prevent injury to elements of the baroreceptor apparatus may prevent this complication of bilateral tumor resection. Methods and Results We present a case of a 16-year-old girl with bilateral jugular vagale and carotid body tumors who developed hypertension after surgical resection of her left jugular vagale tumor and worsening of hypertension concurrent with progression, requiring intensity-modulated radiation therapy and a resection for significant progression of her left jugular vagale tumor. Additional case studies and series of bilateral carotid body tumors and BFS were identified through a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed database. Conclusions Our case shows the generalizability of BFS to patients with tumors involving the vagal baroafferent fibers.
WAVE SETUP ON VEGETATED BEACH: LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

In this study, wave height evolution and wave setup were measured in a laboratory wave tank with a sloping beach covered with rigid and flexible artificial vegetation under regular and irregular wave conditions. The experiments were conducted in a 20.6 m long, 0.69 m wide and 1.22 m deep wave tank at the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS, USA. Regular and irregular waves were generated using a computer controlled piston type wave generator. A plane wooden beach with a 1:21 slope was constructed at the down-wave end of the wave tank, 11.5 m away from the wave paddle. Rigid vegetation was constructed out of wooden dowels and flexible vegetation was constructed using polyurethane tubes. Both vegetation models were 3.1 mm in diameter and 0.2 m long and had a population density of 3,182 stems/m2. The results were compared with those from experiments on a non-vegetated plane beach. Both rigid and flexible vegetation models reduced the wave height and wave setup substantially, but rigid vegetation typically performed better in reducing wave setup. For some of the experiments, no wave breaking was observed over the vegetated models, indicating that wave attenuation due to vegetation reduced the shoaling rate. For other experiments, wave breaking was observed and wave height attenuation was very small; however, wave setup was still significantly lower than in the plane beach experiments.
After the “Great Recession”: Excluding “Able-Bodied” Adults from Food Entitlements in the United States

A little-known provision to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), excluding those who are “able-bodied adults without dependents” (ABAWDs) from accessing long-term benefits without conforming to work requirements or eligibility guidelines, was recently reinstated at federal and state levels. States have considerable discretion in implementing the ABAWD provision, resulting in differential access to SNAP benefits. This article provides an analysis of the historical and political context of the ABAWD provision and its relevance to social work. An examination of several states’ different approaches to implementing the ABAWD rule underscores the limits of this policy and the consequent need for social work engagement and advocacy.
Emergent Electronic and Dielectric Properties of Interacting Nanoparticles at Finite Temperature

Lead chalcogenide nanoparticle solids have been successfully integrated into certified solar cells and represent promising platforms for the design of novel photoabsorbers for photoelectrochemical cells. While much attention has been drawn to improving efficiency and device performance through altering the character of the individual nanoparticles, the role of interactions between nanoparticles is not yet well-understood. Using first-principles molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations, we investigated the combined effect of temperature and interaction on functionalized lead chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we show that at finite temperature, interacting NPs are dynamical dipolar systems, with the average values of dipole moments and polarizabilities substantially increased with respect to those of the isolated building blocks. In addition, we show that the interacting NPs exhibit slightly smaller fundamental gaps that decrease as a function of temperature and that the radiative life...
The Personal Hero Technique: A Therapeutic Strategy That Promotes Self-Transformation and Interdependence:

This article introduces and provides initial qualitative support for the effectiveness of the personal hero technique (PHT), a second-order change strategy rooted in humanistic-existential psycholo...