cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Fe2: As simple as a Herculean labour. Neutral (Fe2), cationic (Fe2+), and anionic (Fe2−) species” [J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244304 (2015)]

A recent paper on Fe2 [A. Kalemos, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244304 (2015)] critiqued our previous work on the system [Hoyer et al., J. Chem. Phys. 141, 204309 (2014)]. In this comment, we explain the nature of our previously reported potential energy curve for Fe2 and we discuss our computed properties for Fe2. Additionally, we fix a labeling error that was present in our previous work, although this error is unrelated to the main point of discussion.
Enhanced loop coalescing: a compiler technique for transforming non-uniform iteration spaces

Parallel nested loops are the largest potential source of parallelism in numerical and scientific applications. Therefore, executing parallel loops with low run-time overhead is very important for achieving high performance on parallel computers. Guided self-scheduling (GSS) has long been used for dynamic scheduling of parallel loops on shared memory parallel machines and for efficient utilization of dynamically allocated processors. In order to minimize the synchronization (or scheduling) overhead in GSS, loop coalescing has been proposed as a restructuring technique to transform nested loops into a single loop. In other words, coalescing "flattens" the iteration space in lexicographic order of the indices of the original loop. Although coalescing helps reduce the run-time scheduling overhead, it does not necessarily minimize the makespan, i.e., the maximum finishing time, especially in situations where the execution time (workload) of iterations is not uniform as is often the case in practice, e.g., in control intensive applications. This can be attributed to the fact that the makespan is directly dependent on the workload distribution across the flattened iteration space. The latter in itself depends on the order of coalescing of the loop indices. We show that coalescing (as proposed) can potentially result in large makespans. In this paper, we present a loop permutation-based approach to loop coalescing, referred to as enhanced loop coalescing, to achieve near-optimal schedules. Several examples are presented and the general technique is discussed in detail.
Serum Metabolite Biomarkers Discriminate Healthy Smokers from COPD Smokers

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is defined by a fixed expiratory airflow obstruction associated with disordered airways and alveolar destruction. COPD is caused by cigarette smoking and is the third greatest cause of mortality in the US. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the only validated clinical marker of COPD, but it correlates poorly with clinical features and is not sensitive enough to predict the early onset of disease. Using LC/MS global untargeted metabolite profiling of serum samples from a well-defined cohort of healthy smokers (n = 37), COPD smokers (n = 41) and non-smokers (n = 37), we sought to discover serum metabolic markers with known and/or unknown molecular identities that are associated with early-onset COPD. A total of 1,181 distinct molecular ions were detected in 95% of sera from all study subjects and 23 were found to be differentially-expressed in COPD-smokers vs. healthy-smokers. These 23 putative biomarkers were differentially-correlated with lung function parameters and used to generate a COPD prediction model possessing 87.8% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity. In an independent validation set, this model correctly predicted COPD in 8/10 individuals. These serum biomarkers included myoinositol, glycerophopshoinositol, fumarate, cysteinesulfonic acid, a modified version of fibrinogen peptide B (mFBP), and three doubly-charged peptides with undefined sequence that significantly and positively correlate with mFBP levels. Together, elevated levels of serum mFBP and additional disease-associated biomarkers point to a role for chronic inflammation, thrombosis, and oxidative stress in remodeling of the COPD airways. Serum metabolite biomarkers offer a promising and accessible window for recognition of early-stage COPD.
Agrin complicates the niche.

Abundant data in the past decade have convincingly demonstrated that microenvironmental clues are crucial determinants of the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, as we have learned more about the HSC niche, its extraordinary intricacy has begun to emerge. In the current issue of Blood , Mazzon et al add to this complexity by identifying agrin as a novel noncellular element of the HSC niche. 1
The effect of water deprivation on the osmotic release of renin.

The effect of water deprivation on the osmotic release of renin. The effect of water deprivation on the osmotic release of renin was evaluated in conscious rats previously prepared with right nephrectomy and cannulations of left renal artery and lower abdominal aorta. The osmotic signal was a 4-min intrarenal infusion of 30% crystallized bovine serum albumin. Changes in aortic plasma concentration of renin (PRC) and total protein were followed serially. In normal hydropenic rats an increase in PRC was not detected with the oncotic challenge. Following a 48-hr period of water deprivation, the same external oncotic signal increased PRC threefold above baseline within 3min. It is concluded that some intrarenal functional or structural change induced by water deprivation sensitizes the renin-secreting mechanism to colloid osmotic stimuli. It is suggested that this change could be related to the physical conditions of the renal interstitium. Effet de la restriction hydrique sur le relargage osmotique de la renine. L'effet de la restriction hydrique sur le relargage osmotique de renine a ete evalue chez des rats eveilles, prealablement prepares avec une nephrectomie droite et des canulations de l'artere renale gauche et de l'aorte abdominale inferieure. Le signal osmotique etait une perfusion intrarenale de 4min de serum-albumine bovine cristallisee a 30%. Les modifications des concentrations plasmatiques de renine (PRC) aortique et de protides totaux ont ete suivies de facon seriee. Chez des rats normaux hydropeniques, aucune augmentation de la PRC n'a ete detectee avec cette charge oncotique. Apres une periode de 48 heures de restriction hydrique, le meme signal oncotique externe augmentait la PRC de trois fois au-dessus de la valeur de base en 3min. Il est conclu qu'une certaine modification fonctionnelle ou structurelle intrarenale induite par la restriction hydrique sensibilise le mecanisme de secretion de la renine aux stimulus osmotiques colloidaux. Il est suggere que cette modification pourrait etre reliee aux conditions physiques de l'interstitium renal.
Minimal models of loop-induced lepton flavor violation in Higgs boson decays

The LHC has recently reported a slight excess in the $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\mu}$ channel. If this lepton flavor violating (LFV) decay is confirmed, an extension of the standard model (SM) will be required to explain it. In this paper we investigate two different possibilities to accommodate such a LFV process: the first scenario is based on flavor off-diagonal $A$ terms in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, and the second is a model where the Higgs boson couples to new vectorlike fermions that couple to the SM leptons through a LFV four-fermion interaction. In the supersymmetric model, we find that the sizes of the $A$ terms needed to accommodate the $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\mu}$ excess are in conflict with charge- and color-breaking vacuum constraints. In the second model, the excess can be successfully explained while satisfying all other flavor constraints, with order-one couplings, vectorlike fermion masses as low as 15 TeV, and a UV scale higher than 35 TeV.
Fully automatic gain control beamformer for smart antenna array system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to make the Bessel beamformer fully automatic when it is combined with root MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) and is based on the array processing in the application of beamforming and direction of arrival algorithm for source position. The concept is analyzed for modified Bessel beamformer with root MUSIC to form a non-blind array processing technique which is then used to focus a beam toward a desired user and place nulls toward interferers for capacity improvement. Design/methodology/approach – The idea is manipulated for modified Bessel beamformer with root MUSIC relies on MATLAB software with the goal to obtain high efficiency in terms of signal recovery, directive gain by minimizing MSE and place nulls toward interferers. Findings – The finding of the analysis is presented in adaptive environment and provided in the tables. The paper shows that the presented method leads to superior results and can be used as a better alternative in many practical applicat...
Morphing Analysis of Outer Wall of LNG Storage Tank Influented by Ultra Low Temperature

When the tinplate lining of LNG storage tank divulging,temperature difference is produced between internal and external wall of outer tank for cryogenic liquid contecting with prestressed storage tank.Total structure interal force influented under temperature difference of ultra low temprtature caused is analyzed,temperature distributed regulation and morphing regulation of outer wall under ultra low temperature is obtained.Result displaying :temperature distributed of outer wall of LNG storage tank under ultra low temperature displays linearity from insider to outside and equal,Morphing of tank wall under low temperature is much big than that under ideral sitation,and morphing increasing by raising of temperature difference.
Stage I cervix cancer and pelvic node metastasis: special reference to the implications of the new and the recently replaced FIGO classifications on Stage Ia.

The current staging system for cervix cancer of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FICO) has been in use for less than 2 years. It is criticized by many because of a lack of quantitative features. While quantative features are important, the over-all morphology of the histologic pattern—the quantative features—are those utilized by most pathologists in interpretating the "invasiveness" of a lesion and therefore its biologic potential. The most recent, as well as the previous FIGO Staging System was applied to 108 personal cases with particular reference to lymih node metastasis. By comparing results of the new and older staging system, the validity of the new system is suggested, and the inordinately high rate of node metastasis when using the older system appears to be at least one reason for the relatively high rate of node metastasis reported in earlier series of Stage Ia lesions reported in the literature.
Building Compiler-Student Friendship

Previous studies have shown that compilers positively influence students when they are designed to build connections with students. In this paper, I propose to study the use of a friendly compiler for young novice programmers. This study involves designing compiler messages that incorporate a friendship model. The goal is to make students view compiler as a friend, instead of as an error-picking authority. I hypothesize that a good compiler-student relationship will change students’ attitude, self-efficacy and motivation towards programming, as well as change students compilation behaviors.
A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini)

The North and Central American genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is revised. The genus is redescribed and a diagnosis separating Fidia from similar genera is provided. Twenty-four species are recognized: F. lateralis Jacoby 1882 is transferred to Xanthonia; Colaspis flavescens Sturm 1826 is a nomen nudum; F. sallei Lefevre 1877 and F. unistriata Jacoby 1882 are synonymized with F. albovittata Lefevre 1877; F. atra Jacoby 1882 is synonymized with F. spuria Lefevre 1877. Twelve species are described as new- F. chapini from Mexico; F. comalensis from Mexico; F. convexicollis from Texas and Oklahoma; F. costaricensis from Costa Rica; F. delilahae from Alabama and Mississippi; F. dicelloposthe from Mexico; F. dichroma from Mexico; F. marraverpa from Mexico; F. papillata from Mexico; F. pedinops from Alabama, Florida, and Georgia; F. rileyorum from the southeastern United States; and F. xanthonioides from Mexico. Lectotypes are designated for F. albovittata Lefevre 1877, F. cana Horn 1892, F. guatemalensis Jacoby 1879, F. lurida Lefevre 1885, F. plagiata Lefevre 1877, F. sallei Lefevre 1877, F. spuria Lefevre 1877, and F. unistriata Jacoby 1882. A key to the recognized species is presented and important taxonomic characters are illustrated. Distribution maps are provided for each species.
Diagnosis of inherited thrombophilia in pediatrics.

the most common inherited thrombophilia and is present in about 5% of U.S. Caucasians and is less frequent in other ethnic groups. The Prothrombin 20210 mutation is present in approximately 1–2% of Caucasians. Deficiencies of protein C, S, and antithrombin (AT) are more rare. Epidemiologic studies show an increased risk of pediatric thrombosis in neonates and adolescents, and that the majority of children who develop thrombosis have multiple risk factors. There are acquired risk factors such as central venous catheters, cancer, and infection that play a major role in the pathophysiology of pediatric thrombosis; however, children who develop thrombosis—those with or without a positive family history—are frequently tested for inherited thrombophilia. The clinical utility of performing such tests remains controversial. H&O Which children should be tested for inherited thrombophilia?
Sadler’s Ten Hours Bill and Leadership of the Parliamentary Factory Reform Campaign

Most of the literature detailing the 1830s phase of the factory reform issue concentrates upon the extra-parliamentary Ten Hours Movement, led by Richard Oastler. There is no detailed modern analysis of Sadler’s contribution. In fact, his involvement has largely been overshadowed by the prominence given to Lord Ashley, who took over as leader of the Tory paternalists in 1833 after Sadler failed to secure a seat in the newly reformed House of Commons. One explanation for this neglect of Sadler is that the post-reform period is characterized as the beginning of an era in which parliamentarians became more responsive to demands for social reform and were increasingly less hostile to the notion of government regulation.2 In this contrasting of the two periods, Sadler is very often associated with the less enlightened parliamentarians of the pre-reformed House of Commons. Thus, Maurice Walton Thomas argues that the ten hours bill ‘was in some respects a retrograde measure’:
Building Domes in the Air

In trying to grasp the crucial role of symbol in the Romantic view of knowledge, it may be helpful to consider the distinction which was developed between symbol and schema. For Kant, a schema mediated between understanding and sense intuition in the generation of experience. According to Schelling, a schema, like a craftsman’s preliminary sketch, is a way we intuit a rule whereby specific objects can be produced. The intuition of a triangle presupposes, for example, the judgment of a particular object as a triangle. Schelling said that schematism was essential to the workings of language generally in the task of recognising and defining objects. Schema does for concepts what symbol does for ideas (STI, 136–38). Green spoke of a ‘Schematic fancy’ which operates between understanding and sensation.37 A schema unites concept and sense data without being either one or the other. Like symbol a schema is a product, largely perhaps an unconscious product, of imagination. There is presumably a larger element of consciousness or intention at work in symbols.
MK coated fabrics - a new high-temperature sheet insulation

A trend towards miniaturization of equipment and accompanying higher operating temperatures exists in many phases of the electrical industry today. This trend, especially when coupled with the many military applications requiring a high degree of thermal stability, has indicated a need for new high-temperature insulation components. Such a need has been further crystallized by the inadequacies of many presently used high-temperature insulations with respect to fabrication properties, solvent and oil resistance, and system compatibility. This situation has sparked considerable research activity aimed at the development of new heat-resistant materials with improved auxiliary properties.
Large eddy simulations of complex multicomponent diesel fuels in high temperature and pressure turbulent flows

Abstract A multicomponent droplet evaporation model, which discretizes the one-dimensional species and temperature profiles inside a droplet with a finite volume method and treats the liquid phase as thermodynamically real, has been developed and used for large-eddy simulations of high speed diesel sprays in high temperature and pressure closed chambers. Single drop evaporation results obtained by the variable property multicomponent model are shown to match with the constant property model in the limiting conditions. The multicomponent liquid model used together with the Kelvin–Helmholtz – Rayleigh–Taylor droplet breakup model is found to reasonably well predict the experimentally observed non-linear behavior of spray penetration with changing ambient conditions for n-hexadecane and 4 different multicomponent surrogate diesel fuels with 2–8 components. The effects of various modeling assumptions and gas and liquid parameters on the drop and spray evolution and evaporation are investigated in details.
Decrease in oceanic crustal thickness since the breakup of Pangaea

Earth’s mantle has cooled by 6–11 °C every 100 million years since the Archaean, 2.5 billion years ago. In more recent times, the surface heat loss that led to this temperature drop may have been enhanced by plate-tectonic processes, such as continental breakup, the continuous creation of oceanic lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges and subduction at deep-sea trenches. Here we use a compilation of marine seismic refraction data from ocean basins globally to analyse changes in the thickness of oceanic crust over time. We find that oceanic crust formed in the mid-Jurassic, about 170 million years ago, is 1.7 km thicker on average than crust produced along the present-day mid-ocean ridge system. If a higher mantle temperature is the cause of thicker Jurassic ocean crust, the upper mantle may have cooled by 15–20 °C per 100 million years over this time period. The difference between this and the long-term mantle cooling rate indeed suggests that modern plate tectonics coincide with greater mantle heat loss. We also find that the increase of ocean crustal thickness with plate age is stronger in the Indian and Atlantic oceans compared with the Pacific Ocean. This observation supports the idea that upper mantle temperature in the Jurassic was higher in the wake of the fragmented supercontinent Pangaea due to the effect of continental insulation. Thicker oceanic crust forms from a hot mantle. Observations of unusually thick oceanic crust that formed 170 million years ago in the Atlantic and Indian oceans suggest that the ancient supercontinent Pangaea helped insulate and warm the mantle.
The new ATLAS Fast Calorimeter Simulation

Current and future need for large scale simulated samples motivate the development of reliable fast simulation techniques. The new Fast Calorimeter Simulation is an improved parameterized response of single particles in the ATLAS calorimeter that aims to accurately emulate the key features of the detailed calorimeter response as simulated with Geant4, yet approximately ten times faster. Principal component analysis and machine learning techniques are used to improve the performance and decrease the memory need compared to the current version of the ATLAS Fast Calorimeter Simulation. A prototype of this new Fast Calorimeter Simulation is in development and its integration into the ATLAS simulation infrastructure is ongoing.
Effects of dimple geometry on RF MEMS switch heating

This paper presents the effects of the size and location of the contact dimples on the heating of RF MEMS cantilever contact switches. The analyses are based on electromagnetic model with the extended finite element-boundary integral (EFE-BI) method, integrated with thermal model with the finite element (FE) method. Simulation results demonstrate that larger dimples result in lower contact temperature, suggesting the higher power delivery capability of the dimples with a large contact area.
Displacing Lives and Closing Pathways to Hope: The Health Impacts of Deportation and Return Migration in El Progreso, Honduras

The United States detains and deports over 400,000 people annually. A growing body of research on the health impacts of migration suggests that this large-scale return has important consequences for the health of deportees, their families, and their communities. This pilot study aimed to develop an initial characterization of the types of health impacts most commonly observed after deportees arrive in their countries of origin. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with people deported from the U.S., their family members, and community leaders in the medium-sized Honduran city of El Progreso. Using mixed content analysis methodology, three major deportation-related health categories were identified: social and family stressors, economic deprivation, and exposure to violence. While some of the subthemes identified were described as positive (i.e. family reunification), the majority was associated with negative health impacts. These impacts extend to the broader community, contributing to local economic instability, insecurity, and destabilization. Notably, the negative health impacts of deportation were identified as key “push factors” that contribute to the local population’s desire to emigrate to the U.S. Thus, it is possible that deportation, promoted as a means of decreasing the number of undocumented immigrants in the U.S., is actually fueling additional unauthorized immigration while also contributing to the suffering of many Hondurans. The authors propose that future policy decisions on migration and deportation more actively incorporate public health perspectives in order to mitigate the health challenges facing Honduran migrants, their families, and their communities.
Integrating Software Defined Radio with USRP

The USRP1 is the original Universal Software Radio Peripheral hardware USRP that provides entry-level RF processing capability. Its primary purpose is to provide flexible software defined radio development capability at a low price. You can control the frequency you receive and transmit by installing different daughter-boards. The authors' USRP model had been configured to receive a signal from local radio stations in the DC, Maryland metropolitan area with the BasicRX model daughterboard. The programmable USRP was running python block code implemented in the GNU Radio Companion GRC on Ubuntu OS. With proper parameters and sinks the authors were able to tune into the radio signal, record the signal and extract the in-phase I and quadrature phase Q data and plot the phase and magnitude of the signal. Using the terminal along with proper MATLAB and Octave code, they were able to read the I/Q data and look at the Fast Fourier Transform FFT plot along with the I/Q data. With the proper equations, you could determine not only the direction of arrival, but one would also be able to calculate the distance from the receiver to the exact location where the signal is being transmitted. The purpose of doing this experiment was to gain experience in signal processing and receive hands on experience with the USRP and potentially add a tracking system to the authors' model for further experiments.
Influenza vaccine induces anti-nuclear and anti-double strand DNA IgG antibodies and their relates to levels of microbial translocation in antiretroviral-treated aviremic HIV-infected patients but not in healthy controls

Background The mechanism of autoreactive antibody induction in HIV disease is unknown. Methods In this study, blood samples from healthy controls (n = 16) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV infected patients (n = 26) receiving 2013–2014 seasonal influenza vaccine were analyzed pre-vaccination (D0) and post-vaccination (D14). B cell function, LPS, 16S rDNA, anti-nuclear IgG (ANA, OD) and anti-dsDNA (IU/ml) IgG in plasma were evaluated. Data are presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]). Results At baseline, there were increased frequencies of B cell apoptosis and cycling expression, and increased plasma LPS [pg/mL, 18.0 (13.3–22.0) vs 13.4 (9.82–15.2), P = 0.006] in patients compare with controls. Bacterial 16S rDNA tended to be higher in patients compared with controls [copies/μL, 38.2 (30.3–44.9) vs 27.8 (2.3–53.6), P = 0.18]. B cells of patients exhibited increased TLR2 and 4 expression compared with controls, and TLR signaling pathway activation by microarray on D0. Plasma ANA levels on D0 and D14 were 0.31 (0.25–0.41) and 0.58 (0.31–1.29) versus 0.32 (0.23–0.40) and 0.31 (0.24–0.38), anti-dsDNA IgG levels on D0 and D14 were 15.2 (8.06–23.7) and 20.2 (13.0–50.7) versus 15.3 (12.3–37.1) and 15.5 (13.0–36.7) in patients and controls respectively. Only patients showed significant increase of both auto-IgG post-vaccination (P Conclusion B cell function in HIV patients is not fully recovered by ART treatment, as reflected by producing autoreactive Abs in response to influenza vaccinations and its correlates with levels of microbial translocation.
Traditional fisheries management is the best way to manage weak stocks.

Hastings et al. (1) model a fishery with a weak and a strong stock. Using several examples from the US West Coast they conclude that marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective way to allow harvest of strong stock while allowing for persistence of weak stocks and that MPAs have distinct advantages over traditional fisheries management. I constructed a model similar to theirs, except my model includes full age structure and also measures required fishing effort (2). I used a strong stock whose yield is maximized at 26% harvest per year and a weak stock which would be extinct at that rate and whose yield is maximized at a 5% … [↵][1]1Email: rayh{at}uw.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Early stroke post–heart transplant is associated with decreased survival in children

Background Major neurologic events (MNEs) after heart transplantation (HTx) and their effect on survival have not been well described in children. In this study we aimed to characterize early MNEs (stroke, isolated seizures not from stroke and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy [PRES] within 1 year after primary pediatric HTx) and evaluate their impact on 1-year post-HTx survival. We hypothesized that early an MNE after HTx is associated with decreased 1-year patient survival. Methods We performed a pediatric, single-center, retrospective analysis of 345 consecutive patients aged 0 to 22 years who underwent primary HTx during the period from November 1, 1994 to October 31, 2015. Characteristics were compared between patients with and without early MNEs. Results Nineteen percent (65 of 345) of patients had an MNE within 1 year after HTx (median 9 days, interquartile range [IQR] 4 to 23 days). Freedom from early MNE was 97%, 85% and 80% at 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Of the total 65 events, stroke comprised 55.4% (n = 36), isolated seizure 29.2% (n = 19) and PRES 15.4% (n = 10). With multiple logistic regression, previous neurologic disease, infection requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy and post-operative drug-treated hypertension were found to be significant risk factors for early MNEs. Stroke (hazard ratio 4.1, IQR 2.3 to 7.6, p Conclusions Major neurologic events are common after pediatric HTx and usually occur within the first few weeks. Early stroke was associated with decreased 1-year survival. Potentially modifiable factors, including prior neurologic event, drug-treated hypertension and infection, were associated with increased risk of developing early MNEs.
Nabla Dynamic Equations

If \( \mathbb{T} \) has a right-scattered minimum m, define \( \mathbb{T}_\kappa : = \mathbb{T} - \{ m\} \) ; otherwise, set \( \mathbb{T}_\kappa = \mathbb{T} \) . The backwards graininess \( \nu :\mathbb{T}_\kappa \to \mathbb{R}_0^ + \) is defined by $$ \nu (t) = t - \rho (t). $$ For \( f:\mathbb{T} \to \mathbb{R} \) and \( t \in \mathbb{T}_\kappa \) , define the nabla derivative [42] of f at t, denoted f ∇(t), to be the number (provided it exists) with the property that given any e > 0, there is a neighborhood U of t such that $$ |f(\rho (t)) - f(s) - f^\nabla (t)(\rho (t) - s)| \leqslant \varepsilon |\rho (t) - s) $$ for all s € U. For \( \mathbb{T} = \mathbb{R} \) , we have f ∇=f′, the usual derivative, and for \( \mathbb{T} = \mathbb{Z} \) we have the backward difference operator, f ∇(t)=∇f(t):=f(t)-f(t-1). Note that the nabla derivative is the alpha derivative when α = p. Many of the results in this chapter can be generalized to the alpha derivative case. Many of the results in this chapter can be found in [35, 37].
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the elderly population

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly with an incidence of about 20 to 30 per 100,000 population in the group aged 70 years or older. Chemotherapy with chlorambucil controls major clinical features of CLL but without prolongation of survival time. Addition of prednisone is necessary when autoimmune complications occur, but its usage in the elderly requires special caution. Fludarabine has better response rates than chlorambucil in treating CLL and has been proved to be an effective salvage therapy in patients previously treated with chlorambucil.
Computation of plane potential flow past multi-element airfoils using conformal mapping, revisited

Abstract We revisit methods for computing flow over single and multi-element airfoils using more recently developed numerical methods for conformal mapping for simply and multiply connected domains. The corners at the trailing edges of the airfoils are successively removed by Karman–Trefftz maps. The map from the domain exterior to disks to the domain exterior to the smooth images of the airfoils is computed using extensions of a Fourier series method for the disk due to Fornberg. The velocity potential for flow in the circle domain, with circulation calculated to satisfy the Kutta condition in the airfoil domain, is computed by a reflection method based on the Milne-Thomson Circle Theorem. Convergence of the reflection method is proven if the domains are sufficiently well-separated.
A VIIRS direct broadcast algorithm for rapid response mapping of wildfire burned area in the western United States

Abstract We present a direct broadcast (DB) rapid response burned area mapping algorithm for Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data that combines products driven by the spectral signal of fire-affected areas from both emissive and reflective spectral bands. The algorithm processes VIIRS infrared M-bands (750 m) using spectral ratios of the top of atmosphere reflectance from a single satellite scene to identify pixels exhibiting surface properties consistent with burn scars. Next, this collection of candidate burn scar pixels is screened using a contextual filter based on VIIRS I-band (375 m) active fire detections (AFD) which removes erroneously classified pixels and provides burn scar detections (BSD). The AFD and BSD are then resampled to a 375 m grid and reported jointly as VIIRS burned area (VBA). The accuracy of the VBA was assessed for 390 wildfires (11–114,500 ha in size) in the western United States. The spatial accuracy was assessed by comparison with a validation dataset of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) burned area and incident fire perimeter polygons. The VBA temporal accuracy was evaluated using a time series of daily fire perimeter polygons derived from high resolution airborne infrared imagery. The algorithm's burned area mapping accuracy is 59%. The algorithm detected 60% of burned area on the initial day of burning and 73% within 24 h.
Unobtrusive Heartbeat Detection from Mice Using Sensors Embedded in the Nest

Unobtrusive monitoring of physio-behavioral variables from animals can minimize variability in preclinical research and thereby maximize the potential for clinical translation. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and validation of an instrumented nest providing continuous recordings of seismocardiogram (SCG) signals and skin temperature. SCG represents the chest-wall vibrations associated with the heartbeat, and can potentially provide a measure by which individual heartbeats can be detected without the need for electrodes or implantable devices. A non-contact electric field sensor placed in proximity to the animal in the nest was also used to detect respiratory dynamics. The setup was tested with a total of six anesthetized mice. To understand the effects of mouse positioning within the nest on signal quality, the error in heartbeat detection at different positions of the sensor on the body was quantified, with a simultaneously-obtained electrocardiogram (ECG) as the reference standard. At the optimal placement determined with this approach, multiple perturbations were performed such as pinching, changing ambient temperature, and norepinephrine injection to modulate physiology and assess measurement capability. Heartbeat intervals obtained from the ECG and SCG during the perturbations were correlated (R2=0.82) and were in agreement according to Bland-Altman methods (bias: 0.006ms, 95% confidence interval: [-3.79, 3.78]ms) suggesting that SCG can be reliably used for unobtrusive heartbeat detection. Accordingly, the setup can provide a means by which individual heartbeats – and thereby heart rate and heart rate variability indices – can be quantified without the need for any sensors to be attached to the body of the animal.
Agency in search of a function

My argument focuses on Chapter Ten, where Millgram argues that a family of recent theories of agency mistakenly transfers a model of agency that works for parts of a life to a person’s life as a whole. As serial hyperspecializers, we are segmented agents. In their efforts at explaining the distinction between attitudes (or actions) that are merely attributable to an agent versus those that are attributable in a superlative sense, philosophers produce conceptual devices that actually fail to capture what happens in the crucial interstices between segments. Without myself proposing to defend any particular recent account of agency, I examine below why this merely-superlatively attributable distinction matters. Picking up some threads from three nineteenth-century works of literature, I suggest that this distinction helps us to identify whether or not someone is being in earnest about life. I conclude the discussion by first considering what difference segmented agency makes to my account and then by taking a look at another literary work, Goethe’s Faust, in order to motivate mild skepticism about whether we are likely to find a conceptual device that can help us in our passages from one segment of agency to another.
Association of Social Adversity with Comorbid Diabetes and Depression Symptoms in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study: A Syndemic Framework.

Background U.S. Hispanics/Latinos experience high lifetime risk for Type 2 diabetes and concurrent psychological depression. This comorbidity is associated with poorer self-management, worse disease outcomes, and higher mortality. Syndemic theory is a novel social epidemiological framework that emphasizes the role of economic and social adversity in promoting disease comorbidity and health disparities. Purpose Informed by the syndemic framework, this study explored associations of socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity (low income/education, trauma history, adverse childhood experiences, ethnic discrimination, neighborhood problems [e.g., violence]) with comorbidity of diabetes and depression symptoms in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Methods Participants were 5,247 Latino adults, aged 18-74, enrolled in four U.S. cities from 2008 to 2011. Participants completed a baseline physical exam and measures of depression symptoms and psychosocial adversity. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of adversity variables with comorbid diabetes and high depression symptoms. Results Household income below $30,000/year was associated with higher odds of diabetes/depression comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.89, 7.33) compared to having neither condition, as was each standard deviation increase in adverse childhood experiences (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.71), ethnic discrimination (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.50), and neighborhood problems (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.80). Conclusion Low household income, adverse childhood experiences, ethnic discrimination, and neighborhood problems are related to comorbid diabetes and depression in U.S. Latinos. Future studies should explore these relationships longitudinally.
Two Health or Not Two Health? That Is the Question

How much drug-resistant infections in livestock contribute to disease in humans is controversial. While zoonoses are a prominent cause of emerging infections, and the profligate use of antibiotics as growth promoters is expected to lead to the spread of resistance, this resistance could remain concentrated in animal pathogens and only rarely spill over into humans. A recent paper compares genomes of Escherichia coli isolates from human bloodstream infections in England, focused on the Cambridge area, with isolates collected from farms and the food chain in the east of the country, seeking evidence of transmission (C. Ludden, K. E. Raven, D. Jamrozy, T. Gouliouris, et al., mBio 10:e02693-18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02693-18). While the human and livestock populations were clearly distinct, with very limited evidence for transmission of E. coli or resistance elements to humans, the results also illustrate our limited ability to infer historical transmission events from even the best samples. The implications for the One Health framework, aiming to unify human and veterinary medicine, are discussed.
Comparison of Water‐Assisted Decontamination Systems of Pulsed Light and Ultraviolet for Salmonella Inactivation on Blueberry, Tomato, and Lettuce

Fresh produce are vulnerable to pathogens during pre- and postharvest stages. Most fresh vegetable and fruits are consumed directly or merely washed with chlorine. We investigated two emerging decontamination technologies, pulse light (PL) and ultraviolet (UV), in combination with washing (referred as water-assisted PL [WPL] and water-assisted UV [WUV]). Blueberries, grape tomatoes, and iceberg lettuce shreds were tested in this study to represent fresh vegetables and fruits with smooth and rough surfaces. Salmonella spp. were used as a model microorganism due to its prevalence in outbreaks. Spot-inoculation and dip-inoculation were used to simulate potential contaminations during irrigation, harvest, transportation, and processing. Two intensity levels of PL (∼0.15 and 0.3 J/cm2 per pulse; 3 pulses/s) and UV (∼13 and 28 mW/cm2 ) were tested for 1 and 2 min. For all three types of fresh produce, blueberries, grape tomatoes, and iceberg lettuce shreds, WPL and WUV showed similar Salmonella inactivation effects on fresh produce. For spot-inoculated fresh produce, WPL and WUV treatments reduced 4.5 to 5.7, 4.4 to 5.4, and 1.9 to 3.1 logs of Salmonella on blueberries, tomatoes, and lettuce shreds, respectively. For dip-inoculated fresh produce, WPL and WUV treatments reduced 1.8 to 2.3, 1.9 to 2.5, and 1.9 to 2.6 logs of Salmonella on blueberries, tomatoes, and lettuce shreds, respectively. The majority of the WUV and WPL treatments could eliminate Salmonella in the wash water for blueberries and tomatoes, but not for lettuce. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Two light systems, pulsed light and UV, for decontamination of fresh produce were evaluated and compared. Results demonstrated that the two systems showed similar decontamination effect on fresh produce, demonstrating that the UV system could be used to replace the pulsed light system to reduce equipment cost.; © 2019 Institute of Food Technologists®.
Manipulation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Neurite Extension by Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using IKVAV and LRE Peptide Tethering in Hyaluronic Acid Matrices

Cellular remodeling of the matrix has recently emerged as a key factor in promoting neural differentiation. Most strategies to manipulate matrix remodeling focus on proteolytically cleavable cross-linkers, leading to changes in tethered biochemical signaling and matrix properties. Using peptides that are not the direct target of enzymatic degradation will likely reduce changes in the matrix and improve control of biological behavior. In this study, laminin-derived peptides, IKVAV and LRE, tethered to independent sites in hyaluronic acid matrices using Michael addition and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition are sufficient to manipulate hyaluronic acid degradation, gelatinase expression, and protease expression, while promoting neurite extension through matrix metalloprotease-dependent mechanisms in mouse embryonic stem cells encapsulated in hyaluronic acid matrices using an oxidation-reduction reaction initiated gelation. This study provides the foundation for a new strategy to stimulate matrix remodeling that is not dependent on enzymatic cleavage targets.
Training the Next Generation of Gerontological Social Worker Scholars.

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of the aging population in the United States has produced concern over whether the social work profession will be able to meet the needs of elders and their caregivers. Cur...
Evolution of Pulmonary Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors In Children with Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract Abstract 2676 Background: Published reports suggest that the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) ranges from 20% to 30%; however, there is a significant variation regarding the age screening with echocardiography began in those studies. Similarly, various risk factors have been implicated but none has been consistently found associated with PHTN besides hemolysis. Furthermore, there is a paucity of the long-term data on the outcome of these children. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and progression of PHTN and its relationship with suspected risk factors in children with SCD receiving care at USA comprehensive pediatric sickle cell clinic. Methods: Retrospective chart review of children, ages 5–19 years with SCD was performed. Children who had an echocardiogram in a steady state and had a regular check up during January 1st 2006 and December 31st 2007 were eligible for this study. Demographic and echocardiographic data and data regarding various other variables were collected. PHTN was defined as a tricuspid jet velocity (TRJV) of ≥ 2.5m/s on echocardiography which corresponds to a pulmonary artery pressure of 25mm Hg. Chi-square and t tests were used to analyze the categorical and continuous variables respectively. Prevalence odds ratio (POR) was obtained through a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: One hundred and eighteen children (53 males and 65 females) met the inclusion criteria. Five children were receiving chronic transfusion therapy during the study period. Thirty one children had a TRJV ≥ 2.5 m/s for an overall PHTN prevalence of 26% during the study period. Of these 31 children, 60% were older than 10 years of age and 55% were males. Children with and without PHTN were not different with respect to reticulocyte count, hemoglobin or fetal hemoglobin level, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, abnormal echocardiogram or pulmonary function results, history of chest syndrome or pain crises or stroke. Although the results did not reach statistical significance, the odds of being diagnosed with PHTN trended higher for males compared to females (POR 1.57; CI 0.65, 3.79), for children >10 compared to Conclusion: Our study shows that the prevalence of PHTN in children with SCD during the study period was 26%. This is comparable to previously published reports. PHTN was most prevalent in children over 10 years of age. This suggests that screening with echocardiography may be cost-effective if started after 10 years of age. Our data further suggest that most of these children will normalize the TRJV overtime without any intervention. Further studies are needed in order to develop a cost-effective approach for identification of at risk children. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Image acquisition and quality assurance in the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety study

The Connectomes Related to Human Diseases (CRHD) initiative was developed with the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to provide high-resolution, open-access, multi-modal MRI data to better understand the neural correlates of human disease. Here, we present an introduction to a CRHD project, the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA) study, which is collecting multimodal neuroimaging, clinical, and neuropsychological data from 225 adolescents (ages 14-17), 150 of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Our transdiagnostic recruitment approach samples the full spectrum of depressed/anxious symptoms and their comorbidity, consistent with NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We focused on an age range that is critical for brain development and for the onset of mental illness. This project sought to harmonize imaging sequences, hardware, and functional tasks with other HCP studies, although some changes were made to canonical HCP methods to accommodate our study population and questions. We present a thorough overview of our imaging sequences, hardware, and scanning protocol. We detail similarities and differences between this study and other HCP studies. We evaluate structural-, diffusion-, and functional-image-quality measures that may be influenced by clinical factors (e.g., disorder, symptomatology). Signal-to-noise and motion estimates from the first 140 adolescents suggest minimal influence of clinical factors on image quality. We anticipate enrollment of an additional 85 participants, most of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression. Clinical and neuropsychological data from the first 140 participants are currently freely available through the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA).
FDA approval summary: Dalteparin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients

On May 16, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dalteparin sodium for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) to reduce the risk of recurrence in pediatric patients 1 month of age and older. Approval was primarily based on FDA review of a single-arm trial evaluating dalteparin administered subcutaneous twice daily in 38 pediatric patients with symptomatic VTE. Efficacy was based on the achievement of therapeutic plasma anti-Xa levels. The FDA concluded that dalteparin has efficacy and acceptable safety for pediatric patients.