cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking about sex in Malawi: toward a better understanding of interpersonal communication for HIV prevention

The generalised AIDS epidemic in Malawi presents many challenges. As communication and advice from parents, peers, and partners are important factors in influencing sexual behaviour, understanding communication may provide insights into behaviour change programming. This mixed-method study used a household survey (n=1812) and 15 focus group discussions from the southern districts of Malawi to explore communication about sex and sexuality. Quantitative study findings point to the idea that self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and injunctive norms about talking about condom use are important factors influencing intentions to discuss condom use with partners. Qualitative study findings found that communication regarding sex between parents and children, partners, and peers was not common, and when there was communication, messages about sex focused on negative consequences of sexual activity. In Malawi, there is a need to increase efficacy in talking about sex and protective sexual behaviours, including condom use. Interventions should include components to increase communication skills, shift norms about sexual communication, and provide alternative mechanisms for individuals to gather pertinent information regarding their sexual behaviour.
Canada–US–Mexico Integration: Assessing (Im)Migrant Health Policy Convergence

This paper uses a comparative case study approach to assess convergence between three areas of Canadian, US, and Mexican policy that shape (im)migrant access to health and social services. These three areas include key policies and programs in relation to Immigration and Citizenship rights; Temporary and Foreign Labour Visa Programs; and Health and Human Services programs and policies. The paper takes a meso-level approach and compares policy and programming trends among public and private organizational actors and fields in Canada, the US, and Mexico at societal, political and technical levels. Ultimately, the paper finds that despite local level innovation, there is a large degree of agreement in all three policy areas, as well as increasing convergence at social, political, and technical levels. Theoretically, the paper contributes to recent debates about how to assess policy convergence, as well as debates about the impact of globalization on policy convergence. Practically, understanding local dynamics of immigration and health policy convergence serves to develop realistic and informed policy and programs at the international, national, and local levels.
Representations and Metaphors for the Structure of Synchronous Multimedia Collaboration within Task-Oriented, Time-Constrained Distributed Teams

Based primarily on the results of a month-long experiment and a crisis management exercise, synchronous multimedia collaboration within a task-oriented, time-constrained distributed team appears to exhibit three layers of structure. The first layer is episodic, and results in collections of related multimedia collaboration artifacts that can be called "chapters" or "scenes" in the collaboration. The second layer is the multivalent nature of collaboration, in which collaboration conversations at multiple subgroup levels take place at the same time. The third, top-level, layer is the agenda that drives the collaboration. The implications for the design of synchronous collaboration systems are that multiple views, representations, and metaphors for this conversation structure are needed. Chapter views, subgroup views, and agenda views are presented as alternative packaging mechanisms and entry points into the collaboration data. Other metaphors and presentations include the collaboration tree and infinitely recursive conference room, as well as network graphs of subgroup structure and agenda-based group awareness.
Biotechnology and the political sociology of risk

A framework is proposed for a constructive political sociology of risk, and the framework is used to evaluate whether the commercialization of biotechnology is proceeding via strategies likely to cope satisfactorily with unintended con sequences, organizational inertia, socioeconomic risks and other social aspects of biotechnological innovations.
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections to the temporomandibular joints are safe and appear to be effective therapy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACIs) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) when administered by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon without imaging guidance. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children with JIA, seen at a single center, who were selected based on having received IACIs of the TMJ. All subjects received the intervention, which consisted of referral to a single oral and maxillofacial surgeon for TMJ IACI with 5 to 10 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide, under general anesthesia. Primary outcomes assessed in all subjects were the safety of the procedure and efficacy as determined by the change in maximal incisal opening (MIO). In addition, a subset of 31 subjects underwent repeat magnetic resonance imaging of the TMJ, permitting analysis of the change in the acute and chronic findings of arthritis in those patients. Results: Sixty-three patients (68% female) received 137 IACIs. The mean age for diagnosis of JIA was 8.5 years, and the mean age at presentation for TMJ injections was 10 years. The injections were well tolerated: only 1 patient developed the steroid complication of hypopigmentation, and none developed degeneration or ankylosis. In terms of efficacy, the mean MIO increased from 40.8 0.93 to 43.5 0.90 mm (P .001); in addition, changing the unit of analysis to individual joints, in patients who underwent repeat magnetic resonance imaging examination, 51% of TMJs showed magnetic resonance imaging evidence of improvement of arthritic changes, of whom 18% had complete resolution of TMJ arthritis.
An open-loop technique for the detection of minimum shift keyed signals

An open-loop technique for the coherent detection of Minimum Shift Keyed (MSK) signals is presented. This technique allows direct observation of a recovered carrier. Observations of the recovered carrier when this detector is used to demodulate Gaussian Minimum Shift Keyed (GMSK) signals are presented. Data is also presented comparing this open-loop detector to a conventional closed-loop detector in static and Rayleigh fading fields.
Mental Health Implications in Mormon Women’s Experiences With Same-Sex Attraction: A Qualitative Study

Given research suggesting that individuals in conservative religions experience conflict between religious beliefs and feelings of same-sex sexuality, this study explores the mental health impact of Mormon women who experience same-sex sexuality. Twenty-three Mormon women participated in semi-structured individual interviews about their experiences with same-sex sexuality. Interview questions asked about participants’ experiences with same-sex sexuality and the LDS Church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), how this experience affected their mental health, and what types of mental health treatment they engaged in during their process of reconciliation. Data were analyzed following phenomenological methodology. Themes included the following: experiences with mood disorders, self-worth, suicidality, treatment attempts, reparative therapy, counselor’s agenda, impact of family and community, and mental health recovery. When treating women who experience conflict, counselors should assess self-w...
Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the temperature-dependent termination of the LaAlO3(100) surface

Abstract The temperature-dependent termination of the LaAlO 3 (100) surface has been studied by variable temperature angle-resolved monochromatic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A high binding energy component in the Al 2p spectrum observed at T T >250°C; its presence and absence as a function of temperature are reversible. This component, also found to be localized to the outermost surface layer, exhibits trends consistent with the temperature-dependent rearrangement known to occur on the LaAlO 3 (100) surface, i.e. Al–O or La–O terminations below 150°C and above 250°C, respectively. The driving force behind this rearrangement is believed to be an oxygen deficiency in the 1st-atomic layer.
Steady state simulation and noise analysis for driven oscillators

Traditional oscillator steady state simulation and noise analysis methods are only applicable to stand-alone oscillators without large signal inputs. In this paper, we present a multi-tone harmonic balance simulation method for driven oscillators with one or more periodic inputs. More importantly, we extend the Perturbation Projection Vector (PPV) theory to driven oscillators, and derive numerical method for calculating the PPV waveforms from the multi-tone harmonic balance solution. We evaluate the proposed technique on a driven LC oscillator, the simulation results show that our method is able to accurately capture the steady state and phase noise of driven oscillators.
Scaling of Pulsed Power-Driven Hydrodynamics Experiments With Capacitors and Flux Compressors

Pulsed power hydrodynamics experiments typically involve multi-megajoule capacitor banks or magnetic-flux compression generators imploding thin-walled cylinders of solid-density metal by the electromagnetic force associated with axial currents in excess of 10 MA. Much of this activity operates with technology developed for other applications (e.g., soft X-ray generation), which can be significantly larger than actually required for the scientific objectives of such experiments. This is particularly true if imaging diagnostics (e.g., proton radiography) with greater spatial and temporal resolution become available, permitting implosion experiments of smaller scale size. This paper develops scaling relationships for liner implosions driven capacitively (direct or transformer coupled) or by magnetic-flux compression generators and indicates a substantial reduction in system energy with reduced scale size. A set of five dimensionless parameters describes all three circuit arrangements in a unified framework
ENZYMATIC OXIDATION OF METHANOL TO PRODUCE FORMALDEHYDE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

ABSTRACT The oxidation of methanol by the enzyme methanol oxidase leads to the formation of formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. However, methanol oxidase from the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is heavily contaminated with catalase which leads to the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. To eliminate the catalase activity, partial purification through gel chromatography followed by a simple selective temperature inactivation has proven to be very successful. Hydrogen peroxide, unfortunately, readily inactivates methanol oxidase. To overcome this problem, in situ extraction of hydrogen peroxide during enzymatic reaction was examined. The best solvent was quinoline which was studied using soluble and polyacrylamide entrapped enzyme systems. KEYWORDS Hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, methanol, methanol oxidase, immobilized enzyme
Photoinduced Charge Transfer Processes in Semiconductor Heterostructures. Capped vs. Coupled Systems

By coupling or capping a metal oxide nanocrystallite with one or more semiconductors it is possible to design semiconductor heterostructures that are potentially useful in microelectronics or molecular devices. Photoinduced charge transfer processes in multicomponent semiconductor particulate systems can provide valuable information for improving the efficiency of charge separation. We have now synthesized a variety of semiconductor heterostructures with coupled and capped geometries. The charge transfer processes in metal oxide nanostructures of two different geometries have been investigated with nanosecond and picosecond laser flash photolysis. The geometry of these heterostructures has been found to control the interfacial charge transfer or charge collection efficiencies. The photoelectrochemical properties of capped and coupled semiconductor systems have also been made by preparing nanocrystalline thin films of these materials.
Tomkins e sedgwick: comentário

In contrast to trends in pedagogy and in critical theory, Alcorn & Masse bring affect to the forefront in their considerations of factors that facilitate and inhibit learning in the classroom. Using Tomkins’ affect theory and Sedgwick’s reading of Tomkins to focus their discussions, each highlights ways in which affect enters the classroom. They also invite us to consider some of the perils of failing to recognize ways in which affect does have an impact on ideas, learning, and even meaning itself.
Inhibition of erythropoietin formation in hypoxic rats by hexose analogues.

SummaryAdministration of D-glucosamine or 2-desoxy-D-glucose suppressed erythropoietin formation in hypoxic rats. No evidence was found to account for this depression on the basis of oxygen supply or consumption, and it is therefore attributed to a competitive inhibition of glucose phosphorylization. The inhibition of erythropoietin formation by the hexose analogues could be the result of their interference with the synthesis of the carbohydrate moiety of the erythropoietin molecule, or it could imply a rate regulating role of glycolysis in erythropoietin formation.
Early-Life Factors

Given the importance of the fetal environment for outcomes such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, gestational influences on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be expected. Evidence for an association of AD with birth order are lacking. However, the risk of this illness increases with sibship size, most easily explained by dilution of resources available to children in larger families. Although low birth weight is associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests in childhood, this association appears to be lost in adulthood. The size of the brain, which is attained by the end of the first decade in life, is associated with the risk of AD and severity of cognitive impairment among individuals with this illness. In addition to smaller head circumference, smaller attained stature is associated with increased risk of AD. Low childhood SES increases the risk of cognitive impairment and AD in later life. Recent studies show that low SES early in life is associated with reductions in cortical thickness and increases in white matter hyperintensities. Low education has repeatedly been shown to be a risk factor for AD. The most likely explanation for this is the association of lower educational attainment with low IQ, but lower lifelong cognitive stimulation could also play a role. The amount of information per word of essays written early in life is a powerful predictor of both dementia and neuropathologic AD later. It is most likely a very early marker for the disease.
Tutoring the Religious Imagination: Art and Theology as Pedagogues

This essay presents a psychological approach to understanding the creative functioning of imagination in art and religion. This approach drawn from psychoanalytic object relations theory further illuminates how the classics of art and theology engage the imagination and how distortions of the products of the creative imagination occur. Discussion of a particular innovative theme found in an artwork and related theological reflection in early Christianity exemplifies how both art and theology guide the religious imagination. Finally, various influences on the formation of personal God-imagery are assessed in the light of a case illustration, and the ongoing need for art and theology as tutors to the religious imagination is underscored.
Decision Tools and Approaches to Advance Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the Twenty-First Century

Organisations and governments around the globe are developing methodologies to cope with increasing numbers of disasters and climate change as well as implementing risk reducing measures across diverse socio-economic and environmental sectors and scales. What is often overlooked and certainly required for comprehensive planning and programming are better tools and approaches that include ecosystems in the equations. Collectively, these mechanisms can help to enhance societies’ abilities to capture the protective benefits of ecosystems for communities facing disaster and climate risks. As illustrated within this chapter, decision support tools and approaches are clearly improving rapidly. Despite these advancements, factors such as resistance to change, the cautious approach by development agencies, governance structure and overlapping jurisdictions, funding, and limited community engagement remain, in many cases, pre-requisites to successful implementation of ecosystem-based solutions. Herein we provide case studies, lessons learned and recommendations from applications of decision support tools and approaches that advance better risk assessments and implementation of ecosystem-based solutions. The case studies featured in this chapter illustrate opportunities that have been enhanced with cutting edge tools, social media and crowdsourcing, cost/benefit comparisons, and scenario planning mechanisms. Undoubtedly, due to the large areas and extent of exposure to natural hazards, ecosystems will increasingly become a critical part of societies’ overall responses to equitably solve issues of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
Fabry Disease Diagnosed Based on the Detection of Urinary Mulberry Bodies.

A 42-year-old Japanese man visited our nephrology department after proteinuria without hematuria was detected in a medical checkup. A physical examination showed no abnormalities. His renal function was normal (serum creatinine concentration: 0.65 mg/dL). The urinary analysis at the first visit revealed fat bodies with a whorl-like appearance; so-called mulberry bodies (Picture 1). These bodies showed a characteristic Maltese Cross configuration under polarized light microscopy (Picture 2), which was highly suggestive of Fabry disease (1). Indeed, the alpha-galactosidase (GLA) activity in the patient's white blood cells was as low as 0.1 nmol/h/mg and his serum globotriaosylceramide level was elevated to 69 nmol/L. A genetic analysis revealed a thymine insertion in exon 5 of the GLA-gene, which confirmed the diagnosis of the classic Fabry disease phenotype (2). In a further examination, left ventricular hypertrophy and whorl-like corneal opacity were observed.
Self-reported attentional and motor impulsivity are related to age at first methamphetamine use

Abstract Introduction Methamphetamine (MA) users report higher levels of impulsivity relative to healthy controls, which may either result from, or precede, their substance use. Further, there is evidence that female MA users may be more impulsive than male MA users prior to MA use. Thus, the goal of the current study was to determine whether different subtraits of self-reported impulsivity are significantly related to age at first MA use, controlling for total years of MA use. Methods A community sample of MA users was recruited for this study (N = 157; 113 males, 44 females). The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) was used to assess self-reported impulsivity on three subscales (Attentional, Motor, Non-planning). Age at first MA use served as the dependent variable in a series of multiple regression models with BIS-11 subscales, sex, and their interaction as independent variables, controlling for total years of MA use. Results Attentional and Motor impulsivity were significantly related to age at first MA use when controlling for total years of MA use (Attentional: p = 0.008; Motor: p = 0.003). Conclusions Individuals who reported higher Attentional and Motor impulsivity started using MA at an earlier age, which could suggest that impulsivity levels may be an important marker of vulnerability towards MA use. These findings indicate that prevention efforts may be targeted towards individuals who report high levels of Attentional and Motor impulsivity, as they may be at greatest risk for earlier initiation of MA use.
Adaptive measurements of urban runoff quality

An approach to adaptively measure runoff water quality dynamics is introduced, focusing specifically on characterizing the timing and magnitude of urban pollutographs. Rather than relying on a static schedule or flow-weighted sampling, which can miss important water quality dynamics if parameterized inadequately, novel Internet-enabled sensor nodes are used to autonomously adapt their measurement frequency to real-time weather forecasts and hydrologic conditions. This dynamic approach has the potential to significantly improve the use of constrained experimental resources, such as automated grab samplers, which continue to provide a strong alternative to sampling water quality dynamics when in-situ sensors are not available. Compared to conventional flow- or time-weighted sampling schemes, which rely on preset thresholds, a major benefit of the approach is the ability to dynamically adapt to features of an underlying hydrologic signal. A 28 km2 urban watershed was studied to characterize concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus. Water quality samples were autonomously triggered in response to features in the underlying hydrograph and real-time weather forecasts. The study watershed did not exhibit a strong first flush and intra-event concentration variability was driven by flow acceleration, wherein the largest loadings of TSS and total phosphorus corresponded with the steepest rising limbs of the storm hydrograph. The scalability of the proposed method is discussed in the context of larger sensor network deployments, as well the potential to improving control of urban water quality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rapid synthesis of bicyclic lactones via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonizations

A novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonization of amino propargylic alcohols has been developed to provide rapid access to various bicyclic lactones especially dihydropyrrole-fused furanones, which are novel structures and have not been explored in biological and medicinal settings. This method can also be used to access β-lactone products such as 16. Preliminary biological evaluations revealed that compounds 13h and 13s demonstrated promising activity against Clostridium difficile and compounds 13h, 13k, 13s, and 16b showed activity against several important fungal pathogens.
Exotic birds provide unique insight into species invasions.

For most readers, their exposure to invasive species will come from media accounts of “killer” algae in the Mediterranean Sea, Burmese pythons prowling through Florida’s Everglades, or mosquitoes vectoring Zika virus in Brazil. What these observers typically miss, however, are the thousands of species that each year are moved and released well outside their native range (labeled as exotics) but never make the headlines. A best-guess estimate is that nearly of 4% of the Earth’s vascular plant species are considered as exotics somewhere in the world, a number of species that is roughly equivalent to the size of the entire European flora (1). Others estimate that the rate at which new exotic species are appearing in written records has risen to 1.5 species per day (2). This rate of exotic species introduction has risen dramatically over the last couple of decades, mirroring nearly perfectly the rise in global international trade, with no sign that this rate is letting up (2). As a result, there is no biological realm today, including nearly all oceans and the poles, that has been left clear of exotic species (2, 3). This global reorganization of the Earth’s biodiversity has become a signature of the Anthropocene (2). However, we lack a clear understanding of how many of these exotic species will go on to catch attention as harmful to economies, human health, or natural ecosystems. The quest to find answers to that question has motivated an all-out research push from biologists over the last two decades (4). In PNAS, Abellan et al. (5) make headway in that effort using a remarkably complete contemporary dataset on exotic birds introduced into the Iberian Peninsula. There are two aspects of the work by Abellan et al. (5) that give it gravitas within invasion ecology: the uniqueness of the … [↵][1]1Email: julie.lockwood{at}rutgers.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery.

Surgical resection of cancer remains an important treatment modality. Despite advances in preoperative imaging, surgery itself is primarily guided by the surgeon’s ability to locate pathology with conventional white light imaging. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) can augment what the surgeon sees by accentuating sites of disease and defining tumor margins during the procedure. Intraoperative visualization of tumors may not only allow more complete resections but also improve safety by avoiding unnecessary damage to normal tissue which can also reduce operative time and decrease the need for second-look surgeries. A number of new FGS imaging probes have recently been developed, complementing a small but useful number of existing probes. In this review, we describe current and new fluorescent probes that may assist FGS.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Medical Versus Endoscopic Versus Surgical Therapy

Abstract A majority of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) eventually develop disease-associated complications, such as stricture and fistula. The stricture is characterized by progressive luminal narrowing with inflammatory and fibrosing components and clinically with obstructive symptoms. Various antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive medications have been used in treating inflammatory and fistulizing CD. The efficacy and safety of biological agents in treating Crohn's stricture have been a concern CD. Rapid tissue healing from potent biological agents may trigger or exacerbate stricture. On the other hand, strictures have been one of main indications for surgical intervention. In the majority of patients, surgery is not a cure. Disease recurrence is common at the anastomotic site and bowel segment above the anastomosis. The progressive nature of the disease with repetitive cycle of inflammation and fibrosis results in recurrent stricture and repeated surgery, with a risk of short bowel syndrome. Surgical stricturoplasty and endoscopic balloon dilation and recently endoscopic stricturotomy have emerged as valid alternatives. There are pros and cons of each treatment modality. The choice among the treatment options is determined by the nature of stricture, disease, systemic conditions of individual patient, and local expertise in endoscopy versus surgery.
The Riddle Dyslexia and a Solution: An Introductory Sketch

The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with an introductory sketch of both the dyslexic riddle and its solution.
Advanced visualization environments: knowledge-based image modeling

A highly interactive Visualization Environment to aid in the visualization, teleconferencing and modeling of massive volumetric data sets is described. The Visualization Environment is designed for applications requiring intensive visualization, image analysis, and geometric modeling. Applications include the interpretation of seismic data in the geosciences, space exploration and astrophysics, molecular modeling, medical imaging, brain mapping, computational fluid dynamics, and microelectronic field modeling.
[2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions

This section will address transition metal mediated cycloaddition processes that fall into the [2 + 2 + 2] category: reactions involving three components, each of which formally contributes two electrons to-wards the final product of cycloaddition. Since the designation (in square brackets) refers to the electrons and not the atoms contributed by each cycloaddition component, reactions involving cycloaddition participants such as CO, isonitriles and heteroatoms are included. Products formed will include four-membered rings from 2 + 1 + 1 cycloaddition (atom, not electron designation), five-membered rings from 2 + 2 + 1 cycloaddition, and, of course, six-membered rings from 2 + 2 + 2 processes. Several reactions which fall into the formal [2 + 2 + 2] category are covered elsewhere: the Pauson-Khand (2 + 2 + 1) reaction (Volume 5, Chapter 9.1), 2 + 1 + 1 and 2 + 2 + 1 cycloadditions of metal carbenes (Volume 5, Chapter 9.2), and zirconium-promoted 2 + 2 + 1 bicyclization of enynes (Volume 5, Chapter 9.5).
Significant route discovery: A summary of results

Given a spatial network and a collection of activities (e.g., pedestrian fatality reports, crime reports), Significant Route Discovery (SRD) finds all shortest paths in the spatial network where the concentration of activities is unusually high (i.e., statistically significant). SRD is important for societal applications in transportation safety, public safety, or public health such as finding routes with significant concentrations of accidents, crimes, or diseases. SRD is challenging because 1) there are a potentially large number of candidate routes (~1016) in a given dataset with millions of activities or road network nodes and 2) significance testing does not obey the monotonicity property. Previous work focused on finding circular areas of concentration, limiting its usefulness for finding significant linear routes on a network. SaTScan may miss many significant routes since a large fraction of the area bounded by circles for activities on a path will be empty. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for discovering statistically significant routes. To improve performance, the proposed algorithm features algorithmic refinements that prune unlikely paths and speeds up Monte Carlo simulation. We present a case study comparing the proposed statistically significant network-based analysis (i.e., shortest paths) to a statistically significant geometry-based analysis (e.g., circles) on pedestrian fatality data. Experimental results on real data show that the proposed algorithm, with our algorithmic refinements, yields substantial computational savings without reducing result quality.
Solidarity Across Borders: Navigating Intersections Towards Equity and Inclusion

There is a growing community within CSCW that examines issues of equity and inclusion in internet and social media use. With researchers focused on global development, social justice, accessibility, and more, we contend that there are issues of equity and inclusion impacting the research subjects located on the "margins" of digital existence, the research that examines these issues, and the researchers engaged in this research. The goal of our workshop is to brainstorm and discuss how we might demarginalize those researched, this research, and these researchers within CSCW scholarship. For this, we build on the concepts of intersectionality and solidarity from feminist scholarship, aiming to recognize the differences and similarities across disparate contexts and to uncover synergistic research trajectories and objectives. Our workshop will be led by academic and industry researchers pursuing CSCW, Social Computing, and Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) research focused on intersectionality, equity, and inclusion. We invite a broad range of participants from research and practice interested in learning about or deepening their understanding of these topics. Our workshop will foster solidarity across diverse subsections of the CSCW community and beyond.
Chirality Dependence of Amyloid β Cellular Uptake and a New Mechanistic Perspective

Amyloid β is an inherently disordered peptide that can form diverse neurotoxic aggregates, and its 42-amino-acid isoform is believed to be the agent responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cellular uptake of the peptide is a pivotal step for it to be able to exert many of its toxic actions. The cellular uptake process is complex, and numerous competing internalization pathways have been proposed. To date, it remains unclear which of the uptake mechanisms are particularly important for the overall process, and improvement of this understanding is needed, so that better molecular AD therapeutics can be designed. Chirality can be used as a unique tool to study this process, because some of the proposed mechanisms are expected to proceed in stereoselective fashion, whereas others are not. To shed light on this important issue, we synthesized fluorescently labeled enantiomers of amyloid β and quantified their cellular uptake, finding that uptake occurs in stereoselective fashion, with a typical preference for the l stereoisomer of ≈5:1. This suggests that the process is predominantly receptor-mediated, with likely minor contributions of non-stereoselective mechanisms.
Do evidence submission forms expose latent print examiners to task-irrelevant information?

Abstract Emerging research documents the ways in which task-irrelevant contextual information may influence the opinions and decisions that forensic analysts reach regarding evidence (e.g., Dror and Cole, 2010; National Academy of Sciences, 2009; President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 2016). Consequently, authorities have called for forensic analysts to rely solely on task-relevant information—and to actively avoid task-irrelevant information—when conducting analyses (National Commission on Forensic Science, 2015). In this study, we examined 97 evidence submission forms, used by 148 accredited crime laboratories across the United States, to determine what types of information laboratories solicit when performing latent print analyses. Results indicate that many laboratories request information with no direct relevance to the specific task of latent print comparison. More concerning, approximately one in six forms (16.5%) request information that appears to have a high potential for bias without any discernible relevance to latent print comparison. Solicitations for task-irrelevant information may carry meaningful consequences and current findings inform strategies to reduce the potential for cognitive bias.
Economic and Ecosystem Effects of Fishing on the Northeast US Shelf

Modeling tools that can demonstrate possible consequences of strategies designed to operationalize ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) should be able to address tradeoffs over a wide suite of considerations representing the scope of marine management objectives. Coupled ecological-economic modeling, where models for ecological and economic subsystems are linked through their inputs and outputs, allows for quantification of such tradeoffs. Here, we link the harvest output from fishery management scenarios implemented in an end-to-end ecosystem model (Atlantis) to an input-output regional economic model for the Northeast US to calculate changes in socio-economic indicators, including the consequences of management action for regional sales, wages, and employment. We implement three simple scenarios (maintain, decrease, or increase current fishing effort), and compare model-projected values for systematic and sector-specific indicators. Systematic indicators revealed different ecological and economic outcomes, with large ecological responses and clear tradeoffs among the catch and biomass of species groups. Economic indicators for the region responded similarly to fishery yield, however changes in total sales did not match those in landed catch. Under increased fishing effort, a lower proportional increase in sales relative to total landed catch arose due to increased yield from lower value species groups. Average fisheries income changed little among scenarios, but was highest when effort was maintained at current levels, likely a reflection of fleet and catch stability. Our results serve to demonstrate that consequences of management may be felt disproportionately among species through the region and across different fisheries sectors. With our coupled modeling approach of passing Atlantis ecosystem model outputs to an input-output economic model, we were able to assess effects of fisheries management across a broader suite of indicators that have relevance for policymakers across multiple objectives.
Monitoring Intensity and Technology Choice in A Model of Unemployment

The interaction among a firm’s choices of output, technology, and monitoring intensity is studied in a general equilibrium model. Firms engage in oligopolistic competition, and unemployment is a result of the existence of efficiency wages. The following results are derived analytically. First, an increase in the cost of exerting effort leads a firm to choose a more advanced technology and a lower level of monitoring intensity. Second, an increase in the discount rate does not change a firm’s choices of technology and monitoring intensity. Third, an increase in the elasticity of substitution among goods leads a firm to choose higher levels of monitoring intensity and technology. In a model in which the level of monitoring is exogenously given, there is a negative relationship between the wage rate and the monitoring intensity. In this model with endogenously chosen monitoring intensity, the wage rate and the monitoring intensity can move either in the same direction or in opposite directions.
Practical eye tracking with iTrace

The evolution and effort in designing and implementing iTrace, an infrastructure for integrating eye tracking into developer environments, is presented. The goal is to make eye tracking practical for various stakeholders in software engineering namely researchers, practitioners, and educators. An overview of iTrace and the general process involved in conducting an eye tracking study with human subjects using iTrace is presented in this tool demo paper. Upcoming features and ongoing plans for community involvement are also presented.
A Theory of Rotating Scroll Waves in Excitable Media

An excitable medium is a spatially distributed array of excitable elements, each element being a local dynamical system with an asymptotically stable steady state. What makes an element excitable is that, although small disturbances decay directly back to the steady state, perturbations of sufficient magnitude send the dynamical system off in a different direction. The resultant excursion may eventually return the local element to the initial steady state (an excitable medium with ‘recovery’) or it may lead to some other asymptotically stable state of the system (a medium without recovery). A match is an excitable element without recovery; a patch of axonal membrane is an excitable element with recovery. When excitable elements are coupled in a spatial array, traveling waves of excitation can be expected. Nature affords many interesting examples of such waves. In a prairie fire, a wavefront of combustion sweeps across the dry grassland. Waves of viral infection spread across a lawn of bacteria as expanding circles of cell lysis [1]. Waves of tree-toppling rejuvenate the forests of the northeastern United States [2]. Waves of neural depression spin across the retina [3] and the cerebral cortex [4].
Increasing diversity in the genetic counseling profession: Development of recruitment tools for African American undergraduate students

Lack of diversity in the genetic counseling profession has been a concern for over 20 years, with the National Society of Genetic Counselors identifying increasing diversity and inclusion as a strategic focus in 2019. Previous research has revealed potential barriers that could explain the low number of diverse applicants to genetic counseling graduate programs. The aims of this pilot study were to test strategies for participation and site recruitment methods for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief presentation tailored to African American students. Recruitment emails were sent to career services and 124 biology/psychology department chairs from HBCUs and one predominately white institution with over 10% black student population. There was a 16% response rate through career services and a 25% response rate from department chairs. Different sections of a single biology class at one HBCU were randomly assigned to either attend a class presentation by an African American second-year genetic counseling student and given a brochure detailing the same information (presentation group), or receive a brochure only (brochure group). Ninety students participated in the study: 65 in the presentation group and 25 in the brochure group. All students completed a 10-question knowledge test and were given an email address for further student-initiated contact about genetic counseling. In the presentation group, 65% (42/65) completed the knowledge test with a mean score of 7.59/10. Only one student from the brochure group completed the knowledge test. No students initiated contact to receive additional information about genetic counseling. This study highlights the difficulties in reaching African American students, even through HBCUs. Strategies beyond the use of brochures and presentations will be necessary to attract African American students into the genetic counseling profession.
Morphological Knowledge: Opportunities for Collaboration Through Multitiered System of Supports

Purpose The study of morphological knowledge and its role in literacy development for early elementary students is growing. The aim of this tutorial is to illustrate the role a school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) has as a collaborative partner in multitiered system of supports (MTSS) in elementary for morphological knowledge. Method This tutorial presents the role of morphology in the English writing system and the documented benefit of morphological interventions to support students' oral and written language development. Next, the role of morphology in literacy development as it appears in curricular standards is highlighted. Lastly, strategies are provided for how SLPs can be part of a collaborative educational team to increase morphological knowledge in early elementary school within an MTSS framework. Conclusion Given school-based SLPs' language and literacy expertise, we are well suited for engaging in collaborative partnerships in the school setting to increase academic outcomes. The information presented in this tutorial provides a guide to establish collaborative partnerships within educational teams to support morphological knowledge development through all MTSS tiers. Additionally, the need for further evidence to support the role of morphological knowledge in literacy development is presented.
The Impact of Community College Attributes on the Earnings of Their Students

As the cost of higher education has continued to rise, public interest in the proportional economic return on investment in higher education has also grown. While research associating the quality o...
Golden Rice: The Imperiled Birth of a GMO Superfood: by Ed Regis, 2019, 234 pp., $29.95 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1-4214-3303-5

“Golden Rice” refers to a genetically-modified strain of rice infused with beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A once ingested. Vitamin A deficiency affects over one million people a year,...
Bowel, bladder, and sudomotor symptoms in ALS patients

Abstract Objectives To describe prevalence rates of bowel, bladder, and sudomotor symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in relation to disease onset and progression. Treatment strategies and efficacies were also assessed. Methods A pilot patient cohort revealed increased incidences of bowel/bladder and sudomotor symptoms. Questionnaires derived from formal bowel and bladder survey instruments were administered to a second cohort of patients during multidisciplinary ALS clinic visits. Results The pilot cohort of 30 patients reported an increase in bowel symptoms from 17% prior to 70% after the diagnosis of ALS, and an increase in urinary symptoms from 24% to 76%. In the second cohort of 66 patients an increase in constipation from 33% prior to 64.7% after the diagnosis of ALS was reported. 25.4% of patients reported bowel urgency initially, which increased to 33.3% over time. Constipation was most commonly treated with docusate, dietary fiber supplementation, fluid/exercise, and polyethylene glycol. In the second cohort the prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms increased from 3.1% prior to 25.0% after the diagnosis of ALS. Urinary symptoms are most commonly treated with catheters and oxybutynin. A sudomotor survey found stinging eyes in 17.2% of patients, oily/greasy skin in 14.1% of patients, and flaking of the skin in 29.7% of patients. Conclusions Bowel and bladder symptoms are common in the ALS population and respond to treatment. Sudomotor symptoms are also common. Inquiring about these symptoms at clinic visits and initiating treatment can significantly improve the patients' quality of life.
How Federal Causes of Action Relate to Rights, Remedies and Jurisdiction

Time and again, the Supreme Court has declared the federal cause of action “analytically distinct” from rights, remedies and jurisdiction. Yet, just pages away in the U.S. Reports, are other cases in which rights, remedies and jurisdiction all hinge on the existence of a cause of action. What, then, is the proper relationship between these concepts? The goal of this Article is to articulate that relationship. The Article traces the history of the cause of action from eighteenth century England to its modern usage in the federal courts. This history demonstrates that the federal cause of action should be understood as largely distinct from rights, closely related to (if not synonymous with) remedies, and distinct from jurisdiction except where Congress instructs otherwise or the case implicates sovereign immunity. Sorting out these issues provides several benefits, whether it be refining the doctrine of prudential standing, clarifying the grounds for federal jurisdiction, or dispelling claims that Congress lacks power over certain of causes of action.
Using Social Media for Peer-to-Peer Cancer Support: Interviews With Young Adults With Cancer.

Background: Web-based social support can address social isolation and unmet support needs among young adults with cancer (aged 18-39 years). Given that 94% of young adults own and use smartphones, social media can offer personalized, accessible social support among peers with cancer. Objective: This study aims to examine the specific benefits, downsides, and topics of social support via social media among young adults with cancer. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with young adults with cancer, aged between 18 and 39 years, who were receiving treatment or had completed treatment for cancer. Results: Most participants (N=45) used general audience platforms (eg, Facebook groups), and some cancer-specific social media (eg, Caring Bridge), to discuss relevant lived experiences for medical information (managing side effects and treatment uncertainty) and navigating life with cancer (parenting and financial issues). Participants valued socializing with other young adults with cancer, making connections outside their personal networks, and being able to validate their emotional and mental health experiences without time and physical constraints. However, using social media for peer support can be an emotional burden, especially when others post disheartening or harassing content, and can heighten privacy concerns, especially when navigating cancer-related stigma. Conclusions: Social media allows young adults to connect with peers to share and feel validated about their treatment and life concerns. However, barriers exist for receiving support from social media; these could be reduced through content moderation and developing more customizable, potentially cancer-specific social media apps and platforms to enhance one’s ability to find peers and manage groups. Trial Registration: