cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spine-area pain in military personnel: a review of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Abstract Background context Nonbattle illnesses and injuries are the major causes of unit attrition in modern warfare. Spine-area pain is a common disabling injury in service members associated with a very low return-to-duty (RTD) rate. Purpose To provide an overview of the current understanding of epidemiology, possible causes, and relative prognosis of spine-area pain syndromes in military personnel, including a discussion of various treatment options available in theaters of operation. Study design Literature review. Methods Search focusing on epidemiology, etiology and associative factors, and treatment of spinal pain using electronic databases, textbooks, bibliographic references, and personal accounts. Results Spine-area pain is the most common injury or complaint “in garrison” and appears to increase during training and combat deployments. Approximately three-quarters involve low back pain, followed by cervical and midback pain syndromes. Some predictive factors associated with spine-area pain are similar to those observed in civilian cohorts, such as psychosocial distress, heavy physical activity, and more sedentary lifestyle. Risk factors specific to military personnel include concomitant psychological trauma, g-force exposure in pilots and airmen, extreme shock and vibration exposure, heavy combat load requirements, and falls incurred during airborne, air assault, and urban dismounted ground operations. Effective forward-deployed treatment has been difficult to implement, but newer strategies may improve RTD rates. Conclusions Spine-area pain syndromes comprise a major source of unit attrition and are often the result of duty-related burdens incurred during combat operations. Current strategies in theaters of operation that may improve the low RTD rates include individual and unit level psychological support, early resumption of at least some forward-area duties, multimodal treatments, and ergonomic modifications.
Contemporary Science and Worldview-Making

This paper discusses the impact of contemporary scientific knowledge on worldviews. The first three sections provide epistemological background for the arguments that follow. Sections 2 and 3 discuss the reliable part of science, specifically the characterization, scope and limits of the present scientific canon. Section 4 deals with the mode of thinking responsible for both the canon’s credibility and its power to guide speculative activity. With these preliminaries in place, the remainder of the paper addresses the issue of tolerance to “alternative perspectives”. The analyses in this part focus on the extent to which mature scientific thought embodies open-mindedness, with pluralism and competition between perspectives as central themes. I argue for four related claims, concerning scientific literacy, the impact of the canon on rational speculation, the limits of scientific pluralism, and the popular idea that recent forms of “scientific (natural) theology” have rational merit and can help worldview-making in our age, respectively: (C1) Which theories and narratives (or parts of them) belong in the scientific canon, and whether they are worldview independent, are matters contingent upon the state of knowledge—not something one can convincingly determine on metascientific or transcendental insight. (C2) The current scientific canon and its associated methodology provide research with strong directionality, often against popular currents. (C3) Current science does marginalize some views dear to many people. (C4) Although natural theology “officially” purports to embody scientific methodology, all it presently has on offer are poorly thought out ventures embodying (at best) only relaxed versions of that methodology; if so, the relationship between current projects in natural theology and science cannot (without begging the question) be reasonably described as one of “partial overlap”, “mutual modification”, or “ongoing complementarity”.
SAR ATR using a modified learning vector quantization algorithm

We addressed the problem of classifying 10 target types in imagery formed from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). By executing a group training process, we show how to increase the performance of 10 initial sets of target templates formed by simple averaging. This training process is a modified learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithm that was previously shown effective with forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. For comparison, we ran the LVQ experiments using coarse, medium, and fine template sets that captured the target pose signature variations over 60 degrees, 40 degrees, and 20 degrees, respectively. Using sequestered test imagery, we evaluated how well the original and post-LVQ template sets classify the 10 target types. We show that after the LVQ training process, the coarse template set outperforms the coarse and medium original sets. And, for a test set that included untrained version variants, we show that classification using coarse template sets nearly matches that of the fine template sets. In a related experiment, we stored 9 initial template sets to classify 9 of the target types and used a threshold to separate the 10th type, previously found to be a 'confusing' type. We used imagery of all 10 targets in the LVQ training process to modify the 9 template sets. Overall classification performance increased slightly and an equalization of the individual target classification rates occurred, as compared to the 10-template experiment. The SAR imagery that we used is publicly available from the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Direct measurement of the membrane potential of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: lack of effect of valinomycin and ouabain.

The membrane potential of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and the effects of valinomycin and ouabain upon it have been determined. The membrane potential in control cells was 12.0 mV, inside negative. Neither valinomycin nor ouabain alone affected this value. However, valinomycin and ouabain in combination resulted in a slight hyperpolarization of the membrane. Concomitant determinations of cellular Na+ K+ and Cl− showed that valinomycin induced net losses of K+ and Cl− and a net gain in Na+ when compared to ouabain-inhibited cells. K+ permeability was increased by approximately 30% in the presence of valinomycin. In addition, valinomycin caused a rapid depletion of cellular ATP. Inhibition of Na/K transport by ouabain was without sparing effect on the rate of ATP depletion. Possible mechanisms for the electroneutral increase in K+ permeability induced by valinomycin are discussed.
Toward Self-Directed Learning, Post-High School Placement, and Coordinated Support Constructing New Transition Bridges to Adult Life

Students without disabilities traditionally either enter postsecondary education or seek employment after high school graduation. These outcomes are not routinely experienced by youth with disabilities, however. Instead, they often face an uncertain future—one that may include unemployment or underemployment, social isolation, or dependence, despite federal legislation designed to pave the way toward successful and fulfilling adult lives. To address these inequalities, the authors propose constructing new transition bridges, including (a) teaching students to become self-directed learners before they enter high school, (b) assisting students in identifying where they would like to continue their education or work and placing these students in these student-identified destinations before they exit high school, and (c) coordinating post-placement support services with either postsecondary educational institutions or local agencies that provide employment support.
Characteristics of the Relationship between the Flow Rate of Tubular Fluid and Potassium Transport in the Distal Tubule of the Rat

The flow rate of tubular fluid has been suggested as one of several factors which may influence potassium transport in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. In the present micropuncture studies, the relationship between the flow rate of distal tubular fluid and potassium transport was examined in four groups of rats. Three groups of rats (I, II, and IV) were fed normal rat chow before study whereas one group (III) was fed chow containing 10% KCl. Group II received 10-20 mug/kg per h of d-aldosterone throughout the study. Distal tubular potassium transport in groups I, II, and III was examined before and after an increase in the flow rate of distal tubular fluid as induced by the infusion of an isotonic saline-bicarbonate solution equivalent to 10% of body weight. In group IV, distal tubular potassium transport was examined before and after enhancement of the flow rate by the infusion of hypertonic (15%) mannitol. In all four groups, distal tubular potassium secretion increased as the flow rate of tubular fluid increased. The nature of the relationship between distal tubular potassium transport and tubular fluid flow rate, however, was influenced by the extent to which the tubular fluid to plasma potassium ratio in the late distal tubule varied as the flow rate increased. As the flow rate was increased this ratio decreased significantly and to a comparable extent in groups I and II. In groups III and IV, on the other hand, this ratio was essentially identical during hydropenia and after the increase in the flow rate of tubular fluid. As a result, the increment in the amount of potassium present at the late distal tubule, which occurred as the flow rate increased, was significantly greater in groups III and IV than in groups I and II. The contrast in the relationship between the flow rate of distal tubular fluid and potassium transport which were observed, probably reflects differences in the net driving force for cell to lumen potassium movement. Seemingly, the net driving force for potassium movement was maintained, as the flow rate of tubular fluid increased, by chronic potassium loading in group III and by hypertonic mannitol infusion in group IV. In groups I and II, the net driving force for potassium movement decreased as the flow rate of tubular fluid increased. However, the net driving force did not decrease in proportion to the increase in flow rate since potassium secretion was increased by increments in flow rate in these groups as well. We conclude that our results are consistent with the view that the flow rate of tubular fluid is a factor which can affect distal tubular potassium transport. However, the nature of the relationship between the flow rate of tubular fluid and potassium transport appears to depend upon the degree to which the driving force for cell to lumen potassium movement changes as the flow rate is varied.
1/f-noise-power measurements of copper oxide superconductors in the normal and superconducting states

The first measurements of the 1/f-noise spectrum in copper oxide superconductors are presented. The key features of our results are (1) no noise is found in the superconducting state, (2) in the normal state the noise is large, comparable in magnitude to that in metal-insulator composites, and (3) the temperature dependencies of the noise and the resistivity are opposite, unlike either metals or semiconductors. Implications for possible conduction models are considered.
A clustering approach to improving test case prioritization: An industrial case study

Regression testing is an important activity for controlling the quality of a software product, but it accounts for a large proportion of the costs of software. We believe that an understanding of the underlying relationships in data about software systems, including data correlations and patterns, could provide information that would help improve regression testing techniques. We conjecture that if test cases have common properties, then test cases within the same group may have similar fault detection ability. As an initial approach to investigating the relationships in massive data in software repositories, in this paper, we consider a clustering approach to help improve test case prioritization. We implemented new prioritization techniques that incorporate a clustering approach and utilize code coverage, code complexity, and history data on real faults. To assess our approach, we have designed and conducted empirical studies using an industrial software product, Microsoft Dynamics Ax, which contains real faults. Our results show that test case prioritization that utilizes a clustering approach can improve the effectiveness of test case prioritization techniques.
Pseudorotation and the environmental effects of the phosphorescence lifetime of benzene

Abstract The strong temperature dependence of the phosphorescent decay rate of benzene is attributed to pseudorotational motion of benzene which has the lowered D 2h symmetry in the triplet state. This model accounts for the unusual deuterium effect of the activation energy, the very large pre-exponential factor, the low onset temperature, and the solvent effects.
Temperature-Based Optimization of Film Cooling in Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Components

To achieve high efficiency, modern gas turbines operate at temperatures that exceed melting points of metal alloys used in turbine hot gas path parts. Parts exposed to hot gas are actively cooled with a portion of the compressor discharge air (e.g., through film cooling) to keep the metal temperature at levels needed to meet durability requirements. However, to preserve efficiency, it is important to optimize the cooling system to use the least amount of cooling flow. In this study, film cooling optimization is achieved by varying cooling hole diameters, hole to hole spacing, and film row placements so that the specified targets for maximum metal temperature are met while preserving (or saving) cooling flow. The computational cost of the high-fidelity physics models, the large number of design variables, the large number and nonlinearity of responses impose severe challenges to numerical optimization. Design of experiments and cheap-to-evaluate approximations (radial basis functions) are used to alleviate the computational burden. Then, the goal attainment method is used for optimizing of film cooling configuration. The results for a turbine blade design show significant improvements in temperature distribution while maintaining/reducing the amount of used cooling flow.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Translocation of carrier-free 85Sr applied to the foliage of woody plants

Abstract Carrier-free 85Sr was applied to the foliage of three genera of woody forage plants (Ceanothus, Adenostoma and Quercus) and subsequent translocation into untreated portions of the plants was measured. Experiments were conducted in the field and in the greenhouse. In all cases the bulk of the retained dose remained with the directly treated material. However, substantial concentrations of 85Sr were found in the new growth arising on previously treated branches of Ceanothus and Adenostoma. The amounts translocated under field conditions under which plants were subject to periodic wetting and drying were greater than those translocated by plants in the greenhouse.
The nature of the phonological disorder in conduction aphasia.

Abstract Sequences of attempts to name pictured objects were used to examine phonological dysfunction in three diagnostic subgroups of aphasia. A prevalence of “phonologically-oriented sequences” (i.e., those sequences that contained only attempts with a phonological resemblance to the target word) was found to be a diagnostic criterion for conduction aphasia. When compared to a group of Broca's (n = 7) and Wernicke's (n = 5) aphasics, all the conduction aphasics (n = 6) produced proportionately more of such phonologically-oriented sequences on a picture naming test. An examination of the phonologically-oriented sequences produced by the conduction aphasics indicates that speech production in conduction aphasia involves dysfunction at an early stage of sound-encoding. The theoretical implications of this view are discussed.
Plasma protein denaturation with graded heat exposure

During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), perfusion at tepid temperatures (33-35 °C) is recommended to avoid high temperature cerebral hyperthermia during and after the operation. However, the ideal temperature for uncomplicated adult cardiac surgery is an unsettled question. Typically, the heat exchanger maximum temperature is monitored between 40-42 °C to prevent denaturation of plasma proteins, but studies have not been performed to make these conclusions. Therefore, our hypothesis was to determine the temperature in which blood plasma protein degradation occurs after 2 hours of heat exposure. As a result, blood plasma proteins were exposed to heat in the 37-50 °C range for 2 hours. Plasma protein samples were loaded onto an 8-12% gradient gel for SDS-PAGE and low molecular weight plasma protein degradation was detected with graded heat exposure. Protein degradation was first detected between 43-45 °C of heat exposure. This study supports the practice of monitoring the heat exchanger between 40-42 °C to prevent denaturation of plasma proteins.
Decriminalising Queer Sexualities in India: A Multiple Streams Analysis

Against a historical and contemporary backdrop of queer sexualities in India, this paper discusses certain approaches towards agenda setting using the Multiple Streams policy framework (Kingdon, 1984; Zahariadis, 1999) to change Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code that criminalises non-normative sexual activities. The paper attempts to map the path of legal challenge to Section 377 and focus on the process of agenda setting as a crucial step in the campaign towards social policy change. It then examines some of the current trends and developments that, if used efficaciously through agenda setting, may result in a unique policy window opportunity.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic computer model for human pregnancy

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for human pregnancy must incorporate many factors that are not usually encountered in PBPK models of mature animals. Models for pregnancy must include the large changes that take place in the mother, the placenta and the embryo/fetus over the period of pregnancy. The embryo/fetal weight change was modeled using the Gompertz equation for growth which gave a good fit to extensive pooled weight data of the human embryo/fetus from 25 to 300 days of gestation. This equation is based on a growth rate that is proportional to the total weight of the organism with the proportionality factor decreasing exponentially with time. Allometric equations, which are widely used to relate organ weights, blood flow rates and other attributes of mature animals to total weight, were adapted to correlate fetal organ weights with total fetal weight. Allometric relationships were also developed for plasma flow rates and other organ-related parameters. The computer model, written in FORTRAN 77, included 27 compartments for the mother and 16 for the fetus; it also accommodates two substances allowing representation of a parent compound and a metabolite (or a second drug or environmental substance). Although this model is large, the inherent sparsity in the equations allow it to be solved numerically in a reasonable time on currently available, reasonably priced desktop computers. A nonlinear regression routine is included to fit key model parameters to experimental data. Concentrations of chemicals administered and measured in the mother may be simulated in both maternal and fetal organs at any day(s) between 25 days and 300 days of gestation. Allometric relationships are also utilized to adopt this human model for use with data obtained from animal experiments.
Vertical distribution of zooplankton glutamate dehydrogenase in relation to chlorophyll in the vicinity of the Nantucket Shoals

The vertical distributions of chlorophyll, and zooplankton glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and respiratory electron transport system (ETS) activities were measured at five stations in the vicinity of the Nantucket Shoals using a submersible pump-profiling system. Distinctly lower zooplankton GDH activities and chlorophyll concentrations were found at a station showing little vertical stratification as compared to the other stations where vertical stratification was more pronounced. Maximum GDH activity was observed at or immediately above the chlorophyll maximum at the stratified stations. Respiration to excretion (O:N) ratios determined from the enzyme data were lowest in or just above the chlorphyll maximum, suggesting proteolytic catabolism at those depths. Both features had previously been observed in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico. Ammonium excretion determined from GDH activity was estimated to provide 20 to 40% of the total algal nitrogen requirement.
Cytogenetic effects of chemosterilants in mosquitoes. III. Development of transplanted ovaries in normal and chemosterilized females of Aedes aegypti

1. Two-day old larvae ofAedes aegypti were reared until pupation in 25 ppm of a commonly used mosquito chemosterilant, apholate. This concentration induced complete female infecundity. 2. Transplantation experiments involving ovaries from normal adults and adults arising from the above chemical treatment were undertaken. The object was to investigate whether apholate-induced female infecundity results from direct effects on the ovary or from indirect effects on the hormonal and/or yolk protein synthesis or supply. 3. The fact that the ovary from an untreated female when implanted in the abdomen of an infecund female develops more or less normally, at least in a qualitative sense, following a blood meal indicates that the yolk proteins and the gonadotrophic hormone are available for ovarian development in chemically treated females. Thus, the humoral factors are not involved in female infecundity and the primary site of action of apholate must be the oocyte. The inhibition of the ovaries in apholate-treated females, must be brought about by degenerative changes in the ovary itself. 4. Quantitatively, fewer untreated follicles developed following implantation in the abdomen of a treated female. Furthermore, they did not reach the same stage of development as they did in untreated environment. Possible mechanisms for this retarded development are discussed.
A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for the Fused Lasso and L 0-Segmentation

We propose a dynamic programming algorithm for the one-dimensional Fused Lasso Signal Approximator (FLSA). The proposed algorithm has a linear running time in the worst case. A similar approach is developed for the task of least squares segmentation, and simulations indicate substantial performance improvement over existing algorithms. Examples of R and C implementations are provided in the online Supplementary materials, posted on the journal web site.
Instantons in Conformal Gravity

Abstract We study extrema of the general conformally invariant action: S c = ∫ 1 α 2 C abcd C abcd +γR abcd ∗ R abcd ∗ +iθR abcd ∗R abcd . We find the first examples in four dimensions of asymptotically euclidean gravitational instantons. These have arbitrary Euler number and Hirzebruch signature. Some of these instantons represent tunneling between zero-curvature vacua that are not related by small gauge transformations. Others represent tunneling between flat space and topologically non-trivial zero-energy initial data. A general formula for the one-loop determinant is derived in terms of the renormalization group invariant masses, the volume of space-time, the Euler number and the Hirzebruch signature.
Activation of the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by caffeine and related compounds

The caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ release pathway in skeletal muscle was identified and characterized by studying the release of 45Ca2+ from heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles and by incorporating the vesicles or the purified Ca2+ release channel protein complex into planar lipid bilayers. First-order rate constants for 45Ca2+ efflux of 1 s-1 were obtained in the presence of 1-10 microM free Ca2+ or 2 X 10(-9) M free Ca2+ plus 20 mM caffeine. Caffeine- and Ca2+-induced 45Ca2+ release were potentiated by ATP and Mg.ATP, and were both inhibited by Mg2+. Dimethylxanthines were similarly (3,9-dimethylxanthine) or more (1,7-, 1,3-, and 3,7-dimethylxanthine) effective than caffeine in increasing the 45Ca2+ efflux rate. 1,9-Dimethylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyluracil (which lacks the imidazole ring) did not appreciably stimulate 45Ca2+ efflux. Recordings of calcium ion currents through single channels showed that the Ca2+- and ATP-gated SR Ca2+ release channel is activated by addition of caffeine to the cis (cytoplasmic) and not the trans (lumenal) side of the channel in the bilayer. The single channel measurements further revealed that caffeine activated Ca2+ release by increasing the number and duration of open channel events without a change of unit conductance (107 pS in 50 mM Ca2+ trans). These results suggest that caffeine exerts its Ca2+ releasing effects in muscle by activating the high-conductance, ligand-gated Ca2+ release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Dysregulation of Ion Homeostasis by Antifungal Agents

Ion signaling and transduction networks are central to fungal development and virulence because they regulate gene expression, filamentation, host association and invasion, pathogen stress response and survival. Dysregulation of ion homeostasis rapidly mediates cell death, forming the mechanistic basis by which a growing number of amphipathic but structurally unrelated compounds elicit antifungal activity. Included in this group is carvacrol, a terpenoid phenol that is a prominent component of oregano and other plant essential oils. Carvacrol triggers an early dose dependent Ca2+ burst and long lasting pH changes in the model yeast S. cerevisiae. The distinct phases of ionic transients and a robust transcriptional response that overlaps with Ca2+ stress and nutrient starvation point to specific signaling events elicited by plant terpenoid phenols, rather than a non-specific lesion of the membrane as was previously considered. We discuss the potential use of plant essential oils and other agents that disrupt ion signaling pathways as chemosensitizers to augment conventional antifungal therapy, and to convert fungistatic drugs with strong safety profiles into fungicides.
Nuclear Blebs in Human Leukaemic Cells

THIS is a preliminary report of a nuclear bleb phenomenon which I have found in cells of a number of human leukaemias, especially in monoblasts of acute monocytic leukaemia. This phenomenon is the same as that reported by Epstein et al.1 and Achong and Epstein2 as a characteristic of Burkitt lymphoma cells and by Torő and Olah3 and Sebuwufu4 for developing thymocytes. This specific type of nuclear bleb seems to arise from extrusion of the nuclear envelope and nucleoplasm in arching sheets. Those who reported it for Burkitt lymphoma cells suggested that it might be a characteristic of the malignant state. The authors reporting the same type of nuclear blebbing for developing human and guinea-pig thymocytes suggested that it was related to the functional development and differentiation of the cells. My report extends these observations to another type of related cell in an early (and malignant) state of differentiation.
Working in boundary practices: Identity development and learning in partnerships for inclusive education

NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Teaching and Teacher Education. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol 31, 2013 DOI:10.1016/j.tate.2012.11.006
Effects of surface morphology on magnetic properties of Ni nanowire arrays in self-ordered porous alumina

Ni nanowire arrays were produced by electrodeposition of Ni into self-assembled porous anodic alumina templates. With different anodization voltages, the wires show different surface morphologies. The temperature dependence of the coercivity and activation volume of wires with regular shape can be explained by thermal activation over an energy barrier with a 3/2 power dependence on the field. The wires with irregular surface morphologies show abnormal temperature dependences of the coercivity and activation volume. Possible mechanisms for these behaviours are discussed.
Use of Prosody and Syntactic Markers in Children’s Comprehension of Spoken Sentences

A comparison was made of four- and five-year-old children’s comprehension of coordinate, center-embedded relative clause, and right-branching relative clause sentences under four conditions of pres...
Radiation Damage to Satellite Electronic Systems

Space radiation can cause damage to satellite electronic systems. The amount of damage can be determined if the radiation induced component changes are known and if the behavior of the electronic system as a function of component changes can be determined. By relating space radiation damage to neutron damage, a large amount of semiconductor device data becomes available for satellite damage predictions. To obtain circuit and system performance from component performance in an economical way analysis is combined with experimental techniques. The experimental technique involves substitution of radiation degraded components into the circuit and measurement of its performance. The application of such techniques to satellite electronics indicates that performance degradation caused by lifetime reduction resulting from space radiation can generally be kept small, particularly, if modern high frequency transistors are used. However, ionization of the semiconductor environment from the artificial electron belt may cause significant surface effects resulting in a reduction in device performance even for shielding of several gm/cm2.
Cognitive Structure and Concept Formation

Abstract English This study was designed to determine the correlation coefficient of measures of cognitive structive and concept formation. Thirty‐four subjects assisted in the study. Their tasks were to complete a timed three‐dimensional test of concept formation ability using Hanfmann's Block Test and Rokeach's Dogmatism Scale. It was assumed Hanfmann's Block Test measures concept formation ability and Rokeach's Dogmatism Scale measures cognitive structure. A correlation coefficient of 0.3359 was generated; significant at 0.05 level of significance. However, due to the nature of the sample and the limits of the tests, results may be generalized only with extreme caution. Additional research is recommended.
Usefulness of the TIMI risk score in predicting both short- and long-term outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction Strategies In-Hospital (VANQWISH) Trial

We sought to test the validity and clinical utility of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score for patients who have non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. A post hoc analysis of the Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies In-Hospital (VANQWISH) Trial was performed, wherein patients were assigned a TIMI risk score from which both 30-day and 12-month outcomes (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization) were assessed. At 30 days, the TIMI risk score showed a close match between observed and predicted probabilities of events after adjustment for overall event rates. The event rate at 30 days was 6% for a score of 0 to 2, 10% for a score of 3, 13% for a score of 4, and 14% for a score of 5 to 7 (p = 0.003 and c statistic 0.59). Discriminative ability of the score was greater in the conservative group at 30 days (p = 0.0004, c statistic 0.67). The score remained modestly predictive of events at 1 year (c statistic 0.60). Conservative strategy patients had better 30-day outcomes than the invasive strategy patients if their score was 0 to 2 (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.76). No significant difference in outcomes between strategies was detected for a score > or =3. The TIMI risk score provides moderate incremental prognostic information in high-risk patients, during both short- and long-term follow-up.
Some characteristics of efficient dye laser emission obtained by pumping at 248 nm with a high power KrF∗ discharge laser

Abstract Characteristics of dye laser emission under high intensity uv pumping, at 248 nm wavelength have been investigated with peak pump powers of ∼ 10 MW at a pulse duration of ∼ 30 ns, provided by a multi-atmosphere KrF ∗ discharge laser. Energy conversion efficiencies, spectral features and temporal behaviour of several dyes were parametrically studied. Significant pump intensity dependent conversion efficiency and pulse shape variations were observed for the most efficient uv dye, p-terphenyl.
Formation of Ag2S under Ag-paint electrodes in contact with TaS3.

A large number of diverse types of electronic transport measurements have been reported since 1981 for the quasi-one-dimensional conductor ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$. Electrical leads have usually been attached to the crystals with silver paint. We present strong evidence that silver paint reacts with ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$ to form a layer of ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}$S beneath the contacts. The influence of the ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}$S on the measured temperature-dependent electrical resistivity is evaluated.
Developing Mutational Identity Theory: Evolution, Multiplicity, Embodiment, and Agency

This article extends poststructuralist theories of the self, expanding the discursive possibilities for (re)creating identities. Building on intersectionality, crystallized selves, and identity as assemblage, mutational identity theory works to increase the available discursive resources for conceptualizing identity as kinetic, diffuse, embodied, and contextual. Developed through a cultural analysis of contemporary mutants, mutational identity theory consists of a four-part framework— evolution, multiplicity, embodiment, and agency. Traversing multiple lines of flight and articulation, mutational identity faces the paradox of the self as generative and symptomatic of the radically contextual nature of existence within the (post) modern-day conjuncture.
Poster: An Exascale Workload Study

Amdahl's law has been one of the factors influencing speedup in high performance computing over the last few decades. While Amdahl's approach of optimizing (10% of the code is where 90% of the execution time is spent) has worked very well in the past, new challenges related to emerging exascale heterogeneous architectures, combined with stringent power and energy limitations, require a new architectural paradigm. The 10x10 approach is an effort in this direction. The 90-10 approach viewed application sets as monolithic entities with common cases and focused on applying broad architectural improvements impacting those common cases. In the 10x10 paradigm( [1] [2]), the objective is to identify the top ten distinct dominant characteristics in a set of applications. One could then build and exploit customized architectures (accelerators) and tools, best suited to optimize each dominant characteristic in the application domain. Every application will typically be composed of multiple characteristics and thus will use several of the customized accelerators/tools during its various execution phases. The goal is to ensure that the application runs efficiently and that the architecture is used in an energy-efficient manner. In this poster, we describe our initial steps and methodologies for defining and actualizing the 10x10 approach.
On the operation of the electrical aerosol analyzer at reduced pressures

Abstract The effects of pressure on the operation of the electrical aerosol analyzer are evaluated. If the instrument is operated at reduced pressure using the same mass flowrates as at sea level, the particle size corresponding to a given collector rod voltage is significantly smaller than at sea level. This results in erroneously high values of particle size and volume for a size distribution. If the volume flowrates are held constant, the effects of pressure are much smaller and in the opposite direction. Correction factors to compensate for these effects are derived, and the limits of their applicability are discussed.
Accounting for Temporality in Servicescape Effects on Consumers' Service Evaluations

Abstract Service organizations realize that the physical environment in which a service is provided has important effects on a consumer's service evaluation. This paper disassembles and traces the differential effects servicescapes have on consumers' service evaluations. First, consumer evaluations are placed on a temporal continuum. Next, the effects of the servicescape on such evaluations at various points on the continuum are described. Arguments are also presented in this paper suggesting that servicescapes influence consumers' service exchange evaluations differently depending on whether they are first time or repeat service exchanges. It is suggested that future studies exploring the relationships between servicescapes and consumers' service evaluations should account for the differential effects highlighted in this paper.
Optimization of Ion Assist Beam Deposition of Magnesium Oxide Template Films During Initial Nucleation and Growth

Recent efforts in investigating the mechanism of ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of biaxially textured thin films of magnesium oxide (MgO) template layers have shown that the texture develops suddenly during the initial 2 nm of deposition. To help understand and tune the behavior during this initial stage, we pre-deposited thin layers of MgO with no ion assist prior to IBAD growth of MgO. We found that biaxial texture develops for pre-deposited thicknesses < 2 nm, and that the thinnest layer tested, at 1 nm, resulted in the best qualitative RHEED image, indicative of good biaxial texture development. The texture developed during IBAD growth on the 1.5 nm pre-deposited layer is slightly worse and IBAD growth on the 2 nm pre-deposited layer produces a fiber texture. Application of these layers on an Al2O3 starting surface, which has been shown to impede texture development, improves the overall quality of the IBAD MgO and has some of the characteristics of a biaxially texture RHEED pattern. It is suggested that the use of thin (<2 nm) pre-deposited layers may eliminate the need for bed layers like Si3N4 and Y2O3 that are currently thought to be required for proper biaxial texture development in IBAD MgO.
A fuzzy robust path following controller for a small unmanned air vehicle

This paper proposes a nonlinear controller that allows the unmanned air vehicle (UAV) to follow a predefined path. The controller only needs the information of the inertial speed of the UAV and the distance between the vehicle and the desired path. In order to improve the performance of the controller, a parameter of the controller is adjusted by a fuzzy logic rule. Lyapunov stability arguments are used to demonstrate that the path following error will be regulated to zero, even in the presence of wind disturbances. Simulation results in Matlab are given to show the effectiveness of the controller.
Quantifying the Contribution of Obstructions to Anomalous Diffusion in Cell Nuclei

Most proteins exhibit anomalous subdiffusion in cell nuclei. The source of this behavior is not well understood but is likely due to a combination of crowding and binding of proteins. In order to separate the contributions of these two effects, we measured the diffusion of unconjugated GFP in HeLa cells and the polytene cells of Drosophila salivary glands using two-photon excited fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Our experiments use a diffraction-limited bleaching and observation volume to quantitatively characterize diffusion in specific nuclear substructures. In polytene cells unlike HeLa cells, we can resolve GFP diffusion behavior in nuclear regions containing chromosomes from regions devoid of chromosomes (Figure). Interestingly, we observed anomalous diffusion of GFP in the chromosomal regions only; GFP diffuses normally in the interchromosomal space of the polytene nuclei (Figure). This observation indicates that obstructed diffusion through chromatin is a primary source of anomalous diffusion in cell nuclei. Our presentation will focus on technical challenges of applying quantitative point FRAP, including the need to account for reversible fluorophore photobleaching in data analysis, as well as results and interpretation of anomalous diffusion measurements of unconjugated GFP in cells.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Cartilage canals, their morphology and distribution†

The proximal humeral chondroepiphysis of newborn pups was shown to be well-vascularized by a series of segmentally distributed cartilage canals which varied from short unbranched channels to channels which coursed half-way across the epiphysis. Cartilage canals were observed to contain a muscular arteriole, venule, loose connective tissue and perivascular capillaries. The muscular arterioles originated from the dense perichondrial vascular network at regular intervals, coursed in the central portion of the cartilage canal, and terminated by dividing into a capillary glomerulus in the cartilaginous matrix. These glomeruli were observed to assume a wide variety of sizes and shapes reflecting the metabolic needs of the areas they served. The capillaries of the glomerulus recombined into a single venule which rejoined the perichondrium via the same channel as the parent arteriole. The loose connective tissue surrounding these vessels was rich in fibroblasts and macrophages and was continuous with that of the perichondrium. From the structural relationship of the cartilage canals and the articular surface, it was concluded that at birth the synovial fluid had little nutritional significance for the epiphysis, but with age the nutritional contribution from the synovial fluid became more important. The particular arrangement of the venule and the perivascular capillaries allowed for metabolic exchange the entire length of the canal. Structures which appeared to be unmyelinated nerves and structures which contained a flocculent material and resembled lymphatics were seen in the connective tissue of the cartilage canals.
Feature engineering and a proposed decision-support system for systematic reviewers of medical evidence.

Objectives: Evidence-based medicine depends on the timely synthesis of research findings. An important source of synthesized evidence resides in systematic reviews. However, a bottleneck in review production involves dual screening of citations with titles and abstracts to find eligible studies. For this research, we tested the effect of various kinds of textual information (features) on performance of a machine learning classifier. Based on our findings, we propose an automated system to reduce screeing burden, as well as offer quality assurance. Methods: We built a database of citations from 5 systematic reviews that varied with respect to domain, topic, and sponsor. Consensus judgments regarding eligibility were inferred from published reports. We extracted 5 feature sets from citations: alphabetic, alphanumeric +, indexing, features mapped to concepts in systematic reviews, and topic models. To simulate a two-person team, we divided the data into random halves. We optimized the parameters of a Bayesian classifier, then trained and tested models on alternate data halves. Overall, we conducted 50 independent tests. Results: All tests of summary performance (mean F3) surpassed the corresponding baseline, P<0.0001. The ranks for mean F3, precision, and classification error were statistically different across feature sets averaged over reviews; P-values for Friedman's test were .045, .002, and .002, respectively. Differences in ranks for mean recall were not statistically significant. Alphanumeric+ features were associated with best performance; mean reduction in screening burden for this feature type ranged from 88% to 98% for the second pass through citations and from 38% to 48% overall. Conclusions: A computer-assisted, decision support system based on our methods could substantially reduce the burden of screening citations for systematic review teams and solo reviewers. Additionally, such a system could deliver quality assurance both by confirming concordant decisions and by naming studies associated with discordant decisions for further consideration. © 2014 Bekhuis et al.
DYNAMICS OF SNOW AVALANCHE, WITH ESTIMATION FOR FORCE ON A BRIDGE

Abstract Critical conditions for the occurrence of snow avalanches are first reviewed and summarized. Physical descriptions of slab avalanche, powder avalanche and mature powder avalanche are given. A two-dimensional dynamic model based on a fluid mechanics principle to describe snow avalanche is introduced. The vertical distribution of pressure forces above ground are estimated from this model based on some of the empirical relationships determined by A. Voellmy [18]. Finally, the estimations of the anticipated forces by a snow avalanche on a proposed bridge are given.
Multichannel quantum-defect theory of perturbed Rydberg atoms in external fields

The diamagnetic and Stark shifts of strongly perturbed Rydberg spectra such as those of the alkaline earths are expressed in terms of multichannel\char22{}quantum-defect parameters. The theory is applicable when the shifts produced by the external fields are smaller than the neighboring Rydberg separations. It is applied to evaluate the diamagnetic shifts in Ba, an atom in which Rydberg and doubly excited channels are strongly mixed. In such complex spectra, the diamagnetic effect can serve a useful purpose as a tool to disentangle the interacting series. The radial sizes and, therefore, the diamagnetic shifts are quite different for singly and doubly excited states even when they are at the same energy. In fact, for the field strengths considered ($\ensuremath{\simeq}40$ kG), the diamagnetic contribution of the doubly excited configuration is quite negligible. As a result, the observed shift is a direct measure of the amount of singly excited configuration in the state of interest. Exactly similar conclusions apply to Stark shifts. The last part of this paper considers states of very high excitation further up in the spectrum which are no longer in a perturbative regime. Spectra of atoms in a magnetic field have shown equally spaced resonances near the ionization threshold with characteristic spacings. By the consideration of the effects of electric fields which are also often simultaneously present, a criterion is established for the nature of these spacings depending on the relative strengths of the crossed electric and magnetic fields. The spacing seen in any particular experiment is shown to depend on the mass and quantum defect of the atom, the strengths of the external fields, and experimental conditions such as the temperature of the atomic vapor whose absorption spectrum is being studied.
Study of immunoprecipitated gene products from the H-2 complex by hydroxylapatite chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate

Abstract Hydroxylapatite chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate was used to isolate individual subunits of immunoprecipitated Ia antigens from the I-A and I-E subregions of the H-2 complex of mice. Application of this method of chromatography, which separates molecules based on unknown parameters other than molecular weight, to the analysis of electrophoretically homogeneous populations of the α and β chains of the Ia antigens did not reveal additional heterogeneity not seen by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS. Finally, the resolving power of this Chromatographic technique was demonstrated by the separation of two H-2 gene products, viz. the H-2K k and H-2D k antigens, which have identical electrophoretic mobilities when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS.