cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the feces of meat goats at a U.S. slaughter plant.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important human pathogens, and attention to non-O157 serogroups has increased in recent years. Although cattle are normally considered the primary reservoir for STEC, recent illnesses associated with goat contact have indicated that these animals are important potential reservoirs for the organisms. The prevalence of STEC, particularly non-O157 serogroups, in U.S. goats has not been well described. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of six major non-O157 STEC serogroups in the feces of meat goats. Rectal contents from 296 goats were collected postevisceration at a slaughter plant in the southeastern United States over 9 days during a 12-week period from August through October 2012. Samples were enriched in E. coli broth, and DNA was extracted and used as template in an 11-gene multiplex PCR that detected six non-O157 serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O121, O111, and O145) and virulence genes. Samples were considered positive when at least one non-O157 STEC serotype was present with either stx 1 or stx 2. All six non-O157 serogroups were detected by PCR in our samples, and 14.5% of samples were positive for at least one serogroup. Prevalence of O26 was highest, with 6.4% of goat fecal samples positive. The prevalence of O45 was 3.4%, O103 was 4.4%, O111 was 4.1%, O121 was 1.4%, and O145 was 3.0%. Twenty-two (7.4%) of 296 fecal samples had more than one non-O157 serogroup detected in the feces. Two samples had evidence of three non-O157 STEC serogroups. Goats appear to be an important reservoir for non-O157 STEC, and further work to understand the characteristics, epidemiology, and ecology of STEC in these animals is warranted.
Two Cases of the Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome

We encountered two patients who showed the characteristic features of the Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome.They showed cerebellar ataxia, congenital cataract and retarded physical and mental maturation.Pes planovalgus and brachydactylia of 4th toe were seen in both cases. In addition, elongation of the index finger was found in one case.The finding of pneumoventriculography showed the atrophy of the cerebellum.Their parents were consanguineous.
The Optochin-Fastness of Pneumococci

Ever since that active and productive period during which Ehrlich discovered the arsenic-fastness of trypanosomes, the processes involved in the adaptation of microorganisms to various drugs and toxic substances have been studied from several angles. In addition to clarifying the biological significance of variability in microorganisms, it may reasonably be expected that research into the behavior of bacteria and protozoa under unfavorable environmental conditions will lead to a deeper insight into the changes that take place in the course of infection and immunity. Our conception of the phenomena of bacterial adaptation so far has been formed mainly from an accumulation of diverse observations on the morphology as well as on the cultural and serological characteristics of the adapted organisms. Scarcely any attempt has been made to explain the acquired resistance on the basis of a rational hypothesis (Pringsheim 1). This conception, however, has been considerably broadened in recent years by the contributions of Schnabel2 and his collaborators.3 The results obtained by these authors seem to indicate that contact with the same substance (a disinfectant or a chemotherapeutic agent) may induce under certain conditions, even in the same experiment, specific fastness as well as specific hypersensitiveness in various bacteria (pneumococcus, B. coli, V. cholerae). While it was found that bacteria grown in comparatively strong dilutions of a germicidal substance exhibited in the next passage a specifically increased tolerance for the same substance, those cultivated in weak dilutions of the same agent proved to be specifically hypersensitive under the same conditions. Between these two extremes there was generally found an inert zone which left the susceptibility of the bacteria unaltered for the next passage.
Changes of serum enzymes in early stage of neonatal asphyxia

Objective To observe the changes of serum enzymes in early stage of neonatal asphyxia.Methods Serum enzymes were examined in 80neonates with asphyxia(group A)and 30 healthy infants as the controls(group B).On the basis of 1-min Apgar score,the neonates of group A were assigned into groups of A1(0-3points,22cases)and A2(4-7points,58cases).The enzymes detected included aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and alpha hydroxy butyric acid enzyme(α-HBDH),which were examined on admission and on the 3rd day after borth(within 2hafter birth in group B).Results On admission,serum levels of AST,CK,CK-MB,LDH,andα-HBDH in group A were all significantly higher than those in group B(P0.05),which were higher in group A1than those in group A2(P0.05).After treated for 3days,serum levels of those enames were obviously lower than those on admission in group A and the decreases were more in group A2than those in group A1(P0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of AST,CK,CK-MB,LDH,andα-HBDH in early stage of neonatal asphyxia are elevated,which is closely associated with the severity of asphyxia.Detection of AST,CK,CK-MB, LDH,andα-HBDH in early stage of neonatal asphyxia is helpful in guiding treatment and evaluating the prognosis.
Molly users versus nonusers in a sample of college alcohol drinkers: Differences in substance-related harms and sensation seeking

ABSTRACTBackground: Molly is one form of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) that is touted to be more “pure” and potentially less harmful than other forms, such as ecstasy. Media reports and case studies suggest that this drug is popular among college students and is related to adverse health problems. The current study sought to address the knowledge gaps about Molly by examining whether users differ in substance use outcomes and sensation seeking than nonusers. Specifically, this study tested whether Molly users engaged in heavier use of other substances and experienced more substance-related harms in general than nonusers. Further, the current study investigated whether Molly users exhibited higher levels of sensation seeking than nonusers. Lastly, this study examined whether Molly user status would be associated with substance-related harms beyond the confounding influence of other substance use and trait sensation seeking. Methods: Participants were 710 (71.9% female) college alcohol drinkers w...
Laser-assisted gas-phase reactions in mercury/mercury dibromide mixtures

We have performed experiments to observe the IR laser-assisted reaction of electronically excited Hg* (63P1) with ground state HgBr2 (1∑g+) to form the radical HgBr(B) (2∑+). The Hg* is produced by resonant UV (253.7-nm) excitation of atomic Hg. A high-intensity Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) is then used to excite the Hg*-HgBr2 collision complex. The reaction is monitored by detecting the well-characterized blue-green fluorescence from the electronically excited product HgBr(B).
Prospective Clinical Applications of CRF Peptide Antagonists

It is noteworthy that thirty three years of efforts in corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) research by academia and the pharmaceutical industry resulted in several thousand papers and patents, yet little progress has been made to identify and market diagnostic or therapeutic CRF peptides and small molecule ligands. We document the potential relevance of CRF peptide antagonists to reinvigorate stress/anxiety affected "anatomy systems" in order to boost their efficacy.
Characterizing and modeling the precipitation of Mg-rich phases in Al 5xxx alloys aged at low temperatures

Abstract Al 5083 alloys (5.25 at.% Mg) of different tempers (H131 and H116) were aged at low temperatures (50 and 70 °C) for 41 months. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and atom probe tomography (APT) were applied to characterize precipitates formed in the sensitized samples. Experimental results revealed that the size of Mg-rich precipitates increased with aging time at 70 °C for both alloys. APT results showed that Mg-rich precipitates of different Mg concentrations and morphologies formed in Al matrix and on the interface of Al matrix/pre-existing particles. In addition, a model based on local equilibrium of chemical potential and multi-class precipitates number evolution was adopted to predict the multiphase precipitation process in the Al-Mg binary system. The overall trend of precipitate radius and number density predicted by the model matched well with the experimental results. Moreover, modeling results revealed that nucleation and coarsening occurred faster in Al 5083 H131 than in Al 5083 H116 when aged at same temperature. The high density of dislocations and the pipe diffusion mechanism of dislocations can be used to explain such behavior.
Teaching Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Using Simulation

Abstract Background The National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported that the rate of illicit drug use among pregnant women ranged from 3.2% to 14.6%. Maternal drug use during pregnancy may result in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). This study explored whether simulation training is more effective than traditional didactic and video instruction in teaching nursing students' assessment skills for scoring NAS. Methods Twenty-six nursing students participated in this randomized intervention study that incorporated simulation scenarios. The simulation/experimental group received a lecture/video and hands-on training using a high-fidelity simulation manikin. The didactic/control group received lecture/video training only. Both groups were asked to score the infant's withdrawal symptoms using the NAS scoring system. The student scores were compared with the nurse expert rater NAS scores. Results An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare the tendency score, dangerous score, and overall discrepancy score between the experimental group and the control group. There were no significant differences in NAS scores between the experimental group and the control group. However, the overall discrepancy scores were lower among the experimental group indicating that the experimental group scored closer to the nurse expert. Conclusion The findings will be used to develop an evidence-based clinical experience using high-fidelity simulation training to enhance patient safety.
Some Problems of Inductive Logic

A traditional way of discussing inductive logic is through contrast with deductive logic. More recently, many philosophers have discussed inductive logic in a more autonomous fashion by constructing various formal systems tailored to fit what their craftsmen have seen as repeatable forms of inductive inference. Many of these forms have displayed no obvious analogy to patterns of deductive inference. I think that failure to think through the relationship of deductive and inductive logic by plunging immediately into topics of confirmation and probabilistic inference is philosophically disastrous. In this paper I want to discuss analogies between deductive logic and inductive logic once more. It will be my contention that close attention to a suitable analogy can demonstrate that much philosophical work on induction has arisen from a mistaken attempt to formalize some essentially intuitive features of inductive reasoning.
The cryogenics design of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment

The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) experiment is a direct detection dark matter experiment intended for deployment to the SNOLAB underground facility in Ontario, Canada. With a payload of up to 186 germanium and silicon crystal detectors operating below 15 mK, the cryogenic architecture of the experiment is complex. Further, the requirement that the cryostat presents a low radioactive background to the detectors limits the materials and techniques available for construction, and heavily influences the design of the cryogenics system. The resulting thermal architecture is a closed cycle (no liquid cryogen) system, with stages at 50 and 4 K cooled with gas and fluid circulation systems and stages at 1 K, 250 mK and 15 mK cooled by the lower temperature stages of a large, cryogen-free dilution refrigerator. This paper describes the thermal design of the experiment, including details of the cooling systems, mechanical designs and expected performance of the system under operational conditions.
A Flexible, Low-Power Analog PLL for SoC and Processors in 14nm CMOS

This paper presents a PLL supporting diverse low-power clocking needs including wide input (6–200 MHz) and output (0.15–5 GHz) frequency ranges and SSC operation. Fabricated in 14nm FinFET CMOS, a low-power switched-cap loop filter is employed to enable high −3dB PLL bandwidth (>40% of $f_{\mathrm{ REF}}=19.2$ MHz), and the proposed reference current generator (IrefGen) provides accurate current with <4% tolerance without the need for external components or on-chip precision resistors. IrefGen decouples PLL loop dynamics from feedback divide ratio and provides immunity to systematic capacitor variation. Power gating of switched-cap loop filter’s bias circuits results in more than 10% PLL total power savings. The PLL achieves 1.6-ps integrated RMS jitter at 4 GHz using 100-MHz reference while consuming 2.6 mW from 0.95 V. The PLL performance satisfies the stringent PCIe Gen2/3 jitter specifications without resorting to inductors.
A multiscale study of damage in elastomeric syntactic foams

Damage mechanisms in elastomeric syntactic foams filled with glass microballoons (GMB) and resulting effects on the macroscale elastic constants have been investigated. Direct numerical simulations of the material microstructure, composite theory analyses, and uniaxial compression tests across a range of filler volume fractions were conducted. The room temperature and elastic behavior of composites with undamaged, fully debonded, and fully crushed GMBs were investigated for syntactic foams with a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Good agreement was obtained between numerical studies, composite theory, and experiments. Debonding was studied via finite element models due to the difficulty of isolating this damage mechanism experimentally. The predictions indicate that the bulk modulus is insensitive to the state of debonding at low-GMB-volume fractions but is dramatically reduced if GMBs are crushed. The shear behavior is affected by both debonding and crush damage mechanisms. The acute sensitivity of the bulk modulus to crushed GMBs is further studied in simulations in which only a fraction of GMBs are crushed. We find that the composite bulk modulus drops severely even when just a small fraction of GMBs are crushed. Various material parameters such as GMB wall thickness, volume fraction, and minimum balloon spacing are also investigated, and they show that the results presented here are general and apply to a wide range of microstructure and GMB filler properties.
Analytic Axisymmetric Dynamical Models with Three Integrals of Motion

We consider a family of inhomogeneous axisymmetric mass models with a simple gravitational potential originally introduced by Kuzmin (1956): $${V_S} = - \frac{{GM}}{{{{\left[ {{R^2} + {z^2} + {a^2} + {c^2} + 2\sqrt {{a^2}{c^2} + {c^2}{R^2} + {a^2}{z^2}} } \right]}^{1/2}}}},$$ (1) where R 2 =x2 + y 2 , a and c are parameters, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the total mass of the corresponding density distribution.
Ansaugen von überhitztem Dampf. Fernkühlwerk

Unter gewissen Umstanden kann der Dampf bereits im uberhitzten Zustand in den Zylinder des Kompressors gelangen Dies ist z. B. der Fall, wenn die Verdampfung in einer groseren Entfernung von der Maschinenanlage erfolgt und die Saugleitung ungenugend oder gar nicht gegen einfallende Warme geschutzt ist.
The strains and drains of long-term care.

Caring for the elderly imposes financial burdens and strains families. System changes are necessary to mitigate these problems. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Marked Response of a Hypermutated ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma to Ipilimumab and Nivolumab.

Context Pituitary carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and few effective treatment options. Case A 35-year-old woman presented with an aggressive ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma that initially responded to concurrent temozolomide and capecitabine prior to metastasizing to the liver. Following treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab, the tumor volume of the dominant liver metastasis reduced by 92%, and the recurrent intracranial disease regressed by 59%. Simultaneously, her plasma ACTH level decreased from 45,550 pg/mL to 66 pg/mL. Molecular evaluation Both prospective clinical sequencing with Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets and retrospective whole-exome sequencing were performed to characterize the molecular alterations in the chemotherapy-naive pituitary adenoma and the temozolomide-resistant liver metastasis. The liver metastasis harbored a somatic mutational burden consistent with alkylator-induced hypermutation that was absent from the treatment-naive tumor. Resistance to temozolomide treatment, acquisition of new oncogenic drivers, and subsequent sensitivity to immunotherapy may be attributed to hypermutation. Conclusion Combination treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab may be an effective treatment in pituitary carcinoma. Clinical sequencing of pituitary tumors that have relapsed following treatment with conventional chemotherapy may identify the development of therapy-induced somatic hypermutation, which may be associated with treatment response to immunotherapy.
Coronary artery injury related to catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: A systematic review

Introduction Catheter ablation (CA) has emerged as the preferred modality of treatment for many cardiac arrhythmias. Anatomical sites of ablation are often located in close proximity to coronary arteries. However, the incidence of CA-related coronary injury has not been well studied. We sought to systematically evaluate all cases of CA-related coronary injuries. Methods and results A PubMed search was conducted from inception until May 1, 2017 using the keywords "coronary artery" and "ablation." We identified 2817 published articles of which 43 articles met our inclusion criteria representing 61 cases of coronary artery injury attributed to CA procedures from 1992 to 2017. Posteroseptal accessory pathway ablation was associated with the highest incidence of coronary injury (35.6% of cases), followed by cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent flutter (19.3%). The right coronary artery was the site of injury in over two-thirds of all reported cases. Coronary injury was detected intraprocedurally in about half of the cases (43.1%), whereas it was a delayed presentation in the other half. Coronary intervention was performed in a third of all cases (32.7%). There were a total of three deaths attributed to coronary artery injury. Conclusions Most (91.8%) coronary injuries are a result of anatomic proximity to the site of ablation. Awareness of the relation between coronary artery course and anatomical site of ablation could prevent myocardial damage and improve procedural safety.
Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes

Background Urinary incontinence (UI), a common malady in women, most often is classified as stress, urgency, or mixed. Purpose To compare the effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions to improve or cure stress, urgency, or mixed UI in nonpregnant women. Data sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley), EMBASE (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), and PsycINFO (American Psychological Association) from inception through 10 August 2018. Study selection 84 randomized trials that evaluated 14 categories of interventions and reported categorical cure or improvement outcomes. Data extraction 1 researcher extracted study characteristics, results, and study-level risk of bias, with verification by another independent researcher. The research team collaborated to assess strength of evidence (SoE) across studies. Data synthesis 84 studies reported cure or improvement outcomes (32 in stress UI, 16 in urgency UI, 4 in mixed UI, and 32 in any or unspecified UI type). The most commonly evaluated active intervention types included behavioral therapies, anticholinergics, and neuromodulation. Network meta-analysis showed that all interventions, except hormones and periurethral bulking agents (variable SoE), were more effective than no treatment in achieving at least 1 favorable UI outcome. Among treatments used specifically for stress UI, behavioral therapy was more effective than either α-agonists or hormones in achieving cure or improvement (moderate SoE); α-agonists were more effective than hormones in achieving improvement (moderate SoE); and neuromodulation was more effective than no treatment for cure, improvement, and satisfaction (high SoE). Among treatments used specifically for urgency UI, behavioral therapy was statistically significantly more effective than anticholinergics in achieving cure or improvement (high SoE), both neuromodulation and onabotulinum toxin A (BTX) were more effective than no treatment (high SoE), and BTX may have been more effective than neuromodulation in achieving cure (low SoE). Limitation Scarce direct (head-to-head trial) evidence and population heterogeneity based on UI type, UI severity, and history of prior treatment. Conclusion Most nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions are more likely than no treatment to improve UI outcomes. Behavioral therapy, alone or in combination with other interventions, is generally more effective than pharmacologic therapies alone in treating both stress and urgency UI. Primary funding source Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. (PROSPERO: CRD42017069903).
Development of rural tourism through entrepreneurship – A study on Sadeibereni in Odisha

Entrepreneurship has been identified as an essential factor for creating job opportunities, generating income, increasing the standard of living and generally growing the economy. Rural development is increasingly associated with entrepreneurship, which is considered as a central force of economic one and can help to sustain and improve the quality of life in a rural area. Tourism involves mostly small enterprises, so the role of tourism entrepreneurs can be important for the development of rural tourism. Of all economic sectors, tourism is perhaps the one in which the greatest degree of involvement is needed by the entrepreneurial sector in formulating sustainable strategies. Especially in rural tourism, entrepreneurship has gained increasing importance as it is seen as a major driving force behind rural tourism. However, entrepreneurship demands an enabling environment in order to flourish. Entrepreneurial culture, climate, infrastructure, and support are important elements for such an environment. The creation of such an environment starts by the development of appropriate institutional support at the country level to address the supply of entrepreneurship, focusing on the number of people who have the motivation, financial means, and the skills to start a new business. The present paper emphasis on entrepreneurship opportunities available in Sadeibereni village of Dhenkanal district in orrisa, addressing the issue of entrepreneurship in rural tourism development. Tourism in general and rural tourism, in particular, is dominated by a small business where the spirit of initiative, desire to acheve and the ability to identify market opportunities and to fructify effectively are essential.
Neutron Diffractometers for Structural Biology at Spallation Neutron Sources

Spallation neutron sources are ideal for diffraction studies of proteins and oriented molecular complexes (Schoenborn, 1992a). With spallation neutrons and their time dependent wavelength structure, it is easy to electronically select data with an optimal wavelength bandwidth and cover the whole Laue spectrum as time (wavelength) resolved snapshots. This optimizes data quality with best peak-to-background ratios and provides adequate spatial and energy resolution to eliminate peak overlaps. The application of this concept will use choppers to select the desired Laue wavelength spectrum and employ focusing optics and large cylindrical 3He detectors to optimize data collection rates. Such a diffractometer will cover a Laue wavelength range from 1 to 5A with a flight path length of 10m and an energy resolution of 0.25A. Moderator concepts for maximal flux distribution within this energy range will be discussed using calculated flux profiles. Since the energy resolution required for such timed data collection in this super Laue techniques is not very high, the use of a linac only (LAMPF) spallation target is an exciting possibility with an order of magnitude increase in flux.
Animate Doll, Tropical Fetish: Structures of Race and Property in the Artisanal Folklore of Postcolonial Brazil

This article examines certain aesthetic dynamics through which the memory of transatlantic slavery finds a social incarnation in the realm of cultural production, and specifically in the traditional and popular arts. I take as an ethnographic case study the artisanal namoradeira doll, a folk genre of handcrafts that depict images of black women in a state of ambiguous agency. I consider how these figurines’ gendered representations of blackness stage a visual and literary relationship of affectable embodiment that allegorizes those early modern ontologies of property and personhood that licensed and administered colonial subjugation. Synthesizing a number of genealogies of the commodity form that turn on the historical and juridical figure of the slave, I argue that the dolls’ overdetermined figurations of racialized subjectivity do not simply affirm liberal conceptions of individuation and freedom, but rather enact a poetics that registers the internal contradictions that besiege this humanism.
Level of scientific evidence supporting NCCN guidelines: Is there evidence of progress?

14Background: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines are the most comprehensive and widely used standard for clinical care in oncology by clinicians and payors in the US. The level...
The citation impact of information behavior theories in scholarly literature

Abstract Theories of information behavior have been developed and used in a variety of disciplines to describe the needs, seeking/search/sharing behaviors, and uses of information among individuals and groups in a variety of contexts. While the development of a theory is a complex, evolutionary process, often involving many thinkers over a long period of time, there is generally a single or small group of publications that can be pointed to as the genesis of a theory. The genesis publications for information behavior theories were examined to determine the information behavior theories receiving the most direct citations in scholarly literature. The findings of this study may be beneficial to library and information science researchers in identifying influential and growing theories of information behavior for incorporation as the foundation of their own research.
P236 Cardiovascular risk following the use of long-acting bronchodilators of the UK’s asthma population: a nested case-control study

Introduction Recently, Wang et al (JAMA, 2018) examined cardiovascular risk following the use of certain inhalers, specifically in incident users of long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) and long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists (LAMA) in an adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) population. These drugs are increasingly used in asthma patients and we sought to determine whether LABA may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with asthma in the UK. Methods Data was derived from primary care records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked to secondary care database (Hospital Episodes Statistics), from January 2004 until January 2017. A cohort of LABA-LAMA naive asthma patients were identified from which a nested case-control (ratio of 1:4) were matched on age, sex and GP practice was utilised. The outcome was cardiovascular disease (CVD; ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, heart failure, hypertension or arrhythmias). The primary exposure was LABA prescriptions in the year prior to the date of CVD or equivalent date for the controls. A conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between LABA use and CVD. LABA use was classified into current ( Results 357,300 asthma patients were identified of which 13,868 cases and 55,472 controls were eligible for the study. The mean age was 63.9 years, 55% were female. Incident LABA use was associated with 1.62-fold (95% CI, 1.17–2.24, P Conclusion Incident, but not prevalent, LABA use was associated with an increased risk of CVD in asthma patients irrespective of prior CVD status or asthma severity.
p53 functional states are associated with distinct aldehyde dehydrogenase transcriptomic signatures.

p53 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) have been implicated in key tumorigenesis processes including cancer initiating cell (CIC) maintenance; however, the relationship between these two mediators remains poorly defined. In this study, ALDH isoform expression diversity was revealed in CICs with disparate p53 functional states: gain of function, high risk p53 mutation (p53HRmut) and wildtype p53 (p53WT) inactivated by the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6 oncogene. Interrogation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and patient tumors showed that HPV16+/p53WT cases have higher ALDH variance score (AVS), a measure of tumor ALDH isoform expression diversity, compared to HPV−/p53HRmut cases (p = 0.03). AVS and several individual ALDH isoforms were associated with prognosis in HPV16+/p53WT HNSCC but not in HPV−/p53HRmut HNSCC. Knockdown of the dominant ALDH isoform in high AVS HNSCC depleted the CIC pool in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that p53 functional states are associated with distinct ALDH isoform transcriptomic signatures. Moreover, tumor ALDH profiling may provide insight on which ALDH isoform to target in high AVS HNSCC tumors to deplete the CIC population.
Noiseless Consensus Based Algorithm for Economic Dispatch problem in Grid-connected Microgrids to Enhance Stability among Distributed Generators

Economic Dispatch is an important problem in the operation of microgrids. It aims to minimize the total cost of operation/generation of microgrids while meeting all the defined constraints. Since microgrids consist of distributed generators, it is imperative for these generators to communicate seamlessly with each other without any losses and to ensure secure operation of the microgrid. With use of distributed generators, noise is inherent in the system. Most of the economic dispatch problems do not include noise in their analysis while finding a relevant solution. This paper focuses on including noises as a constraint in grid connected mode microgrids to find a better economic dispatch solution. This will enhance the microgrid's performance and make it a more resilient system.
Dynamical Sampling with a Burst-like Forcing Term

In this paper we consider the problem of recovery of a burst-like forcing term in the framework of dynamical sampling. We introduce the notion of a sensing limit of a collection of samples with respect to a semigroup and indicate its fundamental role in the solvability of the problem.
Effect of Handler Knowledge of the Detection Task on Canine Search Behavior and Performance.

Detection dogs are commonly trained and tested under conditions in which the handler or the evaluator know the true presence or absence of a target odor. Previous research has demonstrated that when handlers are deceived and led to believe that a target odor is present, more false alerts occur. However, many detection teams operate under unknown conditions, and it remains unclear how handler knowledge (or lack thereof) of odor presence/absence influences the dog’s behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate if knowing the number of hides placed influenced detection dog performance in an applied search environment. Professional (n=20) and sport (n=39) detection handler-dog teams were asked to search three separate areas (area 1 had one hide, area 2 had one hide, area 3 was blank). Handlers in the Unknown Group were not told any information on the number of hides whereas the Known Group were told there was a total of two hides in the three areas. The sport Unknown Group spent a longer duration (69.04s) searching in area 3 compared to the sport Known Group (p = 0.004). Further, sport dogs in the Unknown group looked back to the handler more frequently. When a miss did occur, dogs of both sport and professional handlers showed an increase interest in the location of the target odor compared to a comparison location. Critically, however, there was no difference in false alerts between the Known Group and Unknown Group for sport or professional handlers. In a second experiment, fourteen professional and thirty-nine sport teams from Experiment 1 conducted an additional search double-blind and an additional search single-blind. Both sport and professional-handler dog teams had statistically similar accuracy rate under single and double blind conditions. Overall, when handlers knew the number of hides, it led to significant changes in search behavior of the detection team but did not influence the overall false alert rates.
A Novel Application of Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Anesthesia for Proximal Humeral Fractures

Abstract Background Proximal humeral fractures are commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED). These injuries are often associated with significant pain, with patients often receiving multiple doses of opiate medications while awaiting definitive management. The interscalene nerve block has been efficacious as perioperative analgesia for patients undergoing operative shoulder repair. The utilization of the interscalene nerve block in the ED for proximal humeral fractures is largely unexplored. Discussion We report the use of an ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve block in the ED for a patient presenting with significant pain from a proximal humerus fracture. The procedure provided excellent regional anesthesia with no additional need for intravenous or oral opiates during the rest of her ED course. With the significant risks associated with pain medication, particularly opiates, regional anesthesia may be an excellent option for the appropriate patient in the ED. Conclusions As documented in this report, the ultrasound-guided interscalene block, in particular, may be utilized as a means to provide adequate pain control for patients with proximal humerus fractures in the ED.
Mapping Molecular Interactions in the Clostridioides difficile Infected Gastrointestinal Tract Using Multimodal Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Spatial molecular studies leveraging MALDI IMS during C. difficile infections provides a clear insight into both the mechanisms and effects of colonization on the gastrointestinal environment.
Abstract 296: Adult Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest for Resuscitation with Perfluorocarbon Emulsions

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a model of ventricular fibrillation arrest with reliable outcomes and minimally invasive methods to study the use of perfluorocarbon emulsions (...
Systematic Analysis Reveals Thermal Separations Are Not Necessarily Most Energy Intensive

Summary At the industrial level, separation of a variety of mixtures is predominantly carried out by thermally driven processes such as distillation. Nevertheless, the current literature seems to suggest that much is to be gained by replacing these processes with alternative non-thermal methods, which will potentially require a fraction of the energy used by distillation. This is primarily due to the widespread perception that thermal separation processes, particularly those that involve vaporization, are highly energy intensive. However, this belief is not well founded, because it is based on extrapolation from comparisons in the literature, many of which make ad-hoc assumptions and result in incorrect conclusions. Our analysis shows that this confusion arises because the processes utilize different types of energy: heat and electricity. Here, we present a consistent framework that enables a fair comparison between different processes that consume different forms of energies. Using this framework, we refute the general perception that thermal separation processes are inherently the most energy intensive and conclusively show through the examples of two challenging mixtures constituting components with low relative volatilities, that distillation processes, when run properly, can consume remarkably lower fuel than non-thermal membrane alternatives, which have often been touted as more energy efficient.
Intestinal Stem Cell Development in the Neonatal Gut: Pathways Regulating Development and Relevance to Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

The intestine is extremely dynamic and the epithelial cells that line the intestine get replaced every 3–5 days by highly proliferative intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The instructions for ISCs to self-renew or to differentiate come as cues from their surrounding microenvironment or their niche. A small number of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways act as a critical regulator of the stem cells in the adult intestine, and these pathways are well characterized. However, the mechanisms, nutritional, and environmental signals that help establish the stem cell niche in the neonatal intestine are less studied. Deciphering the key signaling pathways that regulate the development and maintenance of the stem cells is particularly important to understanding how the intestine regenerates from necrotizing enterocolitis, a devastating disease in newborn infants characterized by inflammation, tissues necrosis, and stem cell injury. In this review, we piece together current knowledge on morphogenetic and immune pathways that regulate intestinal stem cell in neonates and highlight how the cross talk among these pathways affect tissue regeneration. We further discuss how these key pathways are perturbed in NEC and review the scientific knowledge relating to options for stem cell therapy in NEC gleaned from pre-clinical experimental models of NEC.
Vigre Lectures Adventures in the Foundations of Mathematics

We presented a series of four lectures to the Department of Mathematics at Ohio State University, entitled “Adventures in the Foundations of Mathematics”. Lecture 1, “The Structure of Proofs”, April 28, 2003. Lecture 2, “The Axioms for Mathematics”, April 30, 2003. Lecture 3, “Do We Need Less Axioms?”, May 5, 2003. Lecture 4, “Do We Need More Axioms?”, May 7, 2003. These are the edited notes for the lectures.
Multivariate Statistical Models

Often we are not interested merely in a single random variable but rather in the joint behavior of several random variables, for example, returns on several assets and a market index. Multivariate distributions describe such joint behavior. This chapter is an introduction to the use of multivariate distributions for modeling financial markets data. Readers with little prior knowledge of multivariate distributions may benefit from reviewing Appendices A.12–A.14 before reading this chapter.
Hillslope nutrient flux during near-stream vegetation removal

At the Coweeta Hydrologie Laboratory in the southern Appalachians of western North Carolina, a near-stream vegetation manipulation experiment is being conducted to determine the effect of removal of streamside Rhododendron maximum L. on the export of hillslope nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, N, P, S) and organic matter. Experimental hillslope transects that span topographical flowpaths from a local highpoint to the stream have been instrumented with lysimeters and TDR rods at two depths, as well as with streambed and streambank piezometers. We present a review of studies of nutrient flux in the riparian zone of forested watersheds. In the southern Appalachians, we hypothesize that R. maximum is a keystone species at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic systems, with extensive near-stream thickets having a possible impact on carbon and nutrient transport into streams. We present the conceptual basis and initial implementation of a model-based experimental design to test the effect of R. maximum removal on hillslope nutrient and organic matter export in upland watersheds. The model is terrain-based and will be used to extrapolate elemental flux measurements both spatially from the hillslope to watershed scale and temporally for various climate regimes. The model consists of three modules: (1) objective terrain analysis (TAPES-C); (2) a dynamic interception canopy module; (3) a hillslope hydrology module (IHDM4) with a 2-D Richard's equation of subsurface moisture dynamics. Calibration and validation of the model will occur at two scales: at the hillslope scale, using well, lysimeter, and TDR data; at the watershed scale, using streamflow measurements across a variety of storm types. We show watershed terrain analysis for the experimental watershed (WS56) and discuss use of the model for understanding effects of watershed management of riparian zone processes.
Cytokinins in Azotobacter vinelandii Culture Medium.

Azotobacter vinelandii OP was grown to stationary phase in defined medium. The cell-free culture medium was analyzed for cytokinin content by XAD-2 and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, tobacco callus bioassay, and enzyme immunoassay. Three cytokinin-active fractions were detected and tentatively identified as trans-zeatin, isopentenyladenosine, and isopentenyladenine. The total cytokinin activity was equivalent to 0.75 μg of kinetin per liter.
Cost, benefit, and value of bridge load testing

To take advantage of the actual load capacity that cannot be estimated using conservative analyses, load testing is gaining popularity among bridge owners. An easy, generalized model for evaluating the value of load testing using costs and benefits of load tests is provided by this paper, which includes both quantitative and qualitative benefits. The effects of load tests on bridge life cycle analysis and quantification of extended bridge life due to load testing are also explored.
Beta decay properties of 148Er and 148Ho.

The decay properties of /sup 148/Er and /sup 148/Ho, produced in /sup 58/Ni bombardments of /sup 94/Mo, were investigated following on-line mass separation. New ..gamma.. rays were observed for both nuclides. Transitions assigned to /sup 148/Ho decay are predominantly from the decay of the high-spin isomer;based on its decay characteristics, we propose that this state in /sup 148/Ho has a spin assignment of 6/sup -/. The decay pattern of /sup 148/Er shows that the J/sup ..pi../ of the /sup 148/Ho low-spin isomer is 1/sup +/. Coincidences between protons and x and ..gamma.. rays establish /sup 148/Er and /sup 148/Ho to be ..beta..-delayed-proton precursors. In the ..beta.. decay of /sup 148/Dy, three weak ..gamma.. rays were observed in addition to the one intense 620.2-keV transition that has been known to follow the nuclide's decay
Execution error recovery for planning systems

A system is presented that is capable of handling failures during execution. The error recovery process consists of error detection, error identification and plan repair. The problem of error identification has been solved by using the condition-oriented approach, which is the central theme of this study. Error classification is necessary for accurate modification of a failing plan. The classification process is accomplished by checking the role of a failed condition in the plan. If all the various conditions in the plan are stored during the plan-generation phase, the affected part of the plan can be easily located. Four error categories are used, and the modification processes are described. >
A rapid cold-hardening response protecting against cold shock injury in Drosophila melanogaster.

In studies of insect cold-hardiness, the supercooling point (SCP) is defined as the temperature at which spontaneous nucleation of body fluids occurs. Despite having an SCP of −20 degrees C, adults of Drosophila melanogaster did not survive exposure to −5 degrees C, which suggests that cold shock causes lethal injury that is not associated with freezing. If, however, flies were chilled at 5 degrees C, for as little as 30 min, approximately 50% of the flies survived exposure to −5 degrees C for 2h. This capacity to cold-harden rapidly was greatest in 3- and 5-day-old adults. The rapid cold-hardening response was also observed in larvae and pupae: no larvae survived 2 h of exposure to −5 degrees C, whereas 63% pupariated if chilled at 5 degrees C before subzero exposure. Similarly, although exposure of pupae to −8 degrees C was lethal, if pre-chilled at 5 degrees C 22% eclosed. This extremely rapid cold-hardening response may function to allow insects to enhance cold-tolerance in response to diurnal or unexpected seasonal decreases in environmental temperature.
Purification and Some Properties of Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena

A soluble yellow CO dehydrogenase from CO-autotrophically grown cells of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena was purified 35-fold in seven steps to better than 95% homogeneity with a yield of 30%. The final specific activity was 180 mumol of acceptor reduced per min per mg of protein as determined by an assay based on the CO-dependent reduction of thionin. Methyl viologen, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide were not reduced by the enzyme, but methylene blue, thionin, and toluylene blue were reduced. The molecular weight of native enzyme was determined to be 4 x 10(5). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed at least three nonidentical subunits of molecular weights 14,000 (alpha), 28,000 (beta), and 85,000 (gamma). The ratio of densities of each subunit after electrophoresis was about 1:2:6 (alpha/beta/gamma), suggesting an alpha(3)beta(3)gamma(3) structure for the enzyme. The purified enzyme was free of formate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific hydrogenase activities, but contained particulate hydrogenase-like activity with thionin as electron acceptor. Known metalchelating agents tested had no effect on CO dehydrogenase activity. No divalent cations tested stimulated enzyme activity. The native enzyme does not contain Ni since cells assimilated little (63)Ni during growth, and the specific (63)Ni content of the enzyme declined during purification. The isoelectric point of the native enzyme was found to be 4.5 to 4.7. The K(m) for CO was found to be 63 muM. The spectrum of the enzyme and its protein-free extract revealed that it contains bound flavin. The cofactor was flavin adenine dinucleotide based on enzyme digestion and thin-layer chromatography. One mole of native enzyme contains at least 3 mol of noncovalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide.