cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data mining and decision making

Models and algorithms for effective decision-making in a data-driven environment are discussed. To enhance the quality of the extracted knowledge and decision-making, the data sets are transformed, the knowledge is extracted with multiple algorithms, the impact of the decisions on the modeled process is simulated, and the parameters optimizing process performance are recommended. The applications discussed in this paper differ from most data mining tasks, where the extracted knowledge is used to assign decision values to new objects that have not been included in the training data. For example, in a typical data mining application the equipment fault is recognized based on the failure symptoms. In this paper, a subset of rules is selected from the extracted knowledge to meet the established decision-making criteria. The parameter values represented by the conditions of this set of rules are called a decision signature. A model and algorithms for the selection of the desired parameters (decision signatures) will be developed. The parameters of this model are updated using a framework provided by the learning classifier systems.
Burawoy, His Memory

sky on the morning of April 30,1882, and he could compare them in his memory with the veins in the marbled binding of a book he had seen only once, or with the feathers of spray lifted by an oar on the Rio Negro on the eve of the Battle of Quebracho." Ireneo Funes had a prodigious memory (he "remembered not only every leaf of every tree in every patch of forest, but every time he had perceived or imagined that leaf") but he was utterly incapable of general ideas: "Not only it was difficult for him to see that the generic symbol 'dog' took in all the dissimilar individuals of all shapes and sizes, it irritated him that the 'dog' of three fourteen in the afternoon, seen in profile, should be indicated by the same noun as the dog of three-fifteen, seen frontally" (p. 136). Despite his meticulous memory, Funes was "not very good at thinking." Thinking, Borges reminds us, "is to ignore (or forget) differences, to generalize, to abstract. In the teeming world of Ireneo Funes there was nothing but particulars?and they were vir tually immediate particulars" (p. 137). Ethnographers around the world face a dilemma similar to Funes. Too many par ticulars, too many immediate concerns, too many stories, too many voices, sounds, smells, bombard us throughout our field research experience and obfuscate our vision. How are we to see? If she is to avoid
Design and analysis of a class of hierarchical interconnection networks

Most interconnection networks have either a large diameter value or relatively high connectivity. To overcome some of these problems, the authors present a class of hierarchical interconnection networks (HINs) which can be implemented by many existing topologies as the base of the HIN. A joint is defined as the common nodes and links between two successive levels of an HIN. In all existing HINs, only one node is used as a joint within the hierarchy and hence the joint length is one. In the proposed class of HINs, the authors change the joint length to include two or more nodes. The two structures of the hierarchy need not be of the same type. The authors have also studied the impact of varying the number of interhierarchical connections, and the technique is illustrated by the example of a hypercube structure. >
Cardiac Image Registration

Long procedure time and somewhat suboptimal results hinder the widespread use of catheter ablation of complex arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF). Due to lack of contrast differentiation between the area of interest and surrounding structures in a moving organ like heart, there is a lack of proper intraprocedural guidance using current imaging techniques for ablation. Cardiac image registration is currently under investigation and is in clinical use for AF ablation. Cardiac image registration, which involves integration of two images in the context of the left atrium (LA), is intermodal, with the acquired image and the real-time reference image residing in different image spaces, and involves optimization, where one image space is transformed into the other. Unlike rigid body registration, cardiac image registration is unique and challenging due to cardiac motion during the cardiac cycle and due to respiration. This review addresses the basic principles of the emerging technique of registration and the inherent limitations as they relate to cardiac imaging and registration.
Using Multimodal Functional Behavioral Assessment to Inform Treatment Selection for Children with Either Emotional Disturbance or Social Maladjustment.

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is an assessment procedure used to identify the reasons for children's misbehavior. In this article we provide an overview of one approach to FBA known as multimodal functional behavioral assessment (MFBA) that provides a comprehensive examination of the causes of children's disruptive behavior. The literature for the causes (functions) of behavior identified in MFBA is reviewed as applied to children with the educational classifications of emotional disturbance and social maladjustment. Differences between educational classifications for each function are highlighted with the purpose of informing treatment selection in school settings. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 867–877, 2004.
Autoregressive Interference Suppression in Spread Spectrum Systems using Locally Optimum Detection

The problem of designing a locally optimum (LO) detector to remove autoregressive interference from spread spectrum system is considered. The interference is modeled as pth order autoregressive process (AR(p)). Expressions for output signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) are derived in terms of model parameters and verified by comparing with simulation results. The performance of this technique is compared to that of the adaptive Wiener filtering technique based on the system bit error rate (BER). An FIR filter interpretation of the LO detector is also explored which simpler implementation.
From Mukogodo to Maasai: Ethnicity and Cultural Change in Kenya

From Mukogodo to Maasai: Ethnicity and Cultural Change in Kenya. Lee Cronk. Cambridge, MA: Westview Press, 2004. 172 pp.
The jerk vector in projectile motion

The existence of the jerk vector is investigated in projectile motion under gravity. The jerk vector is zero in the absence of air resistance, but comes into life when velocity-dependent air drag is present. The jerk vector is calculated when the air resistance is proportional to the velocity. It is found that the jerk vector maintains a constant sense in the upward and forward direction, with its magnitude attenuated exponentially as a function of time.
Evaluation of Morphology and Microcirculation of the Pancreas by ex vivo and in vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

Background: Near-infrared reflectance confocal microscopy (CM) provides non-invasive real-time images of thin virtual horizontal tissue sections with high resolution and contrast. &
Increased Risk of Mortality and Readmission among Patients Discharged Against Medical Advice

Abstract Background Approximately 500,000 patients are discharged from US hospitals against medical advice annually, but the associated risks are unknown. Methods We examined 148,810 discharges from an urban, academic health system between July 1, 2002 and June 30, 2008. Of these, 3544 (2.4%) were discharged against medical advice, and 80,536 (54.1%) were discharged home. We excluded inpatient deaths, transfers to other hospitals or nursing facilities or discharges with home care. Using adjusted and propensity score-matched analyses, we compared 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, and length of stay between discharges against medical advice and planned discharges. Results Discharge against medical advice was associated with higher mortality than planned discharge, after adjustment (odds ratio [OR] adj 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-2.86), and in propensity-matched analysis (OR matched 2.46; 95% CI, 1.29-4.68). Discharge against medical advice also was associated with higher 30-day readmission after adjustment (OR adj 1.84; 95% CI, 1.69-2.01), and in propensity-matched analysis (OR matched 1.65; 95% CI, 1.46-1.87). Finally, discharges against medical advice had shorter lengths of stay than matched planned discharges (3.37 vs 4.16 days, P Conclusions Discharge against medical advice is associated with increased risk for mortality and readmission. In addition, discharges against medical advice have shorter lengths of stay than matched planned discharges, suggesting that the increased risks associated with discharge against medical advice are attributable to premature discharge.
What's new in the diagnosis and pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Severe ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) deficiency causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and the absence of oliguric or anuric renal failure. However, some patients with this constellation of findings do not have ADAMTS13 deficiency, and some patients with ADAMTS13 deficiency have renal failure or relatively normal blood counts. Consequently, many investigators and clinicians have incorporated severe ADAMTS13 deficiency into the case definition of TTP. This change has facilitated the timely initiation of treatment for patients with atypical clinical features who otherwise would not be recognized as having TTP. Conversely, excluding severe ADAMTS13 deficiency focuses attention on the diagnosis and treatment of other causes of thrombotic microangiopathy that require different treatment. The rapid return of ADAMTS13 data is important to make the best use of this information.
Thermoelectric transport properties of naturally nanostructured Ga–ZnO ceramics: Effect of point defect and interfaces

Abstract Point defects and nanoscale interfaces have been found of significant influence on the phonon and electrical transport properties. In the preset work, we present the high temperature thermoelectric properties of naturally nanostructured Ga–ZnO ceramics synthesized by sparking plasma sintering process. By varying the GaO1.5 doping concentration, compositionally dependent structures were formed, from point defected solid solution to nanostructures with superlattices and nanotwins. The introduction of low GaO1.5 concentration increases both electron and point defect concentrations, leading to significantly increased electrical conductivity while reduced thermal conductivity. The nanostructure interfaces are found to increase scattering of both charge carriers and phonons, leading to drastically reduced electronic mobility and lattice thermal conductivity. A combined analysis of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient with temperature was also developed, which revealed that the dominant electron scattering mechanism changes with defect concentration. We believe that this approach is also likely applicable to other thermoelectric material systems.
MALE NURTURING : OLDER MEN DON'T WANT TO SHARE THEIR VIEWS ; YOUNG WOMEN DO

When compared to men (n = 46) and women under 30 years of age (n = 30) or women over 60 (n = 68), men over 60 years of age (n = 41) showed an extreme reluctance to answer questions about their perceptions of other men who nurture children. Women under 30 were comparatively willing to share their views.
Aircraft threat modeling from performance data

A procedure is developed to construct simplified dynamic aircraft models for use as threats in air combat training simulators. Performance data in the form of excess power and energy maneuverability curves are used to define the lift and drag characteristics of the models. A parameter identification method is used to extract model parameters directly from the performance curves. The method therefore insures that the threat model performance matches that of the actual threat. Simplified threat models of two modern fighter aircraft are used to demonstrate the modeling procedure.
The impact of boundary conditions and fluid velocity on damping for a fluid conveying pipe in a viscous fluid

The hydrocarbon industry has expressed interest in developing vibration based energy harvesting systems that can be deployed downhole and supplement or replace existing power sources. The energy output of such harvesters is highly dependent on the level of damping in the supporting structure which, in this case, would drive the systems vibrational input. A first step towards optimizing an energy harvester configuration is then to understand how key variables influence system damping. To this end an investigation was undertaken to identify how changing system boundary conditions effect damping in a fluid conveying pipe confined by a viscous fluid (i.e. a producing hydrocarbon well). The key variables investigated included the rotational boundary springs, the velocity of the conveyed fluid, and the viscosity of the annulus fluid. The system was modeled using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and included a hydrodynamic forcing function to capture the effects of the viscous annulus fluid. The natural frequencies of the system were solved in the frequency domain with the system damping subsequently calculated. Lower damping ratios were observed: in stiffer systems, for lower conveyed fluid velocities, and for lower annulus fluid viscosities. A numeric example is provided to illustrate the interaction between the three variables of interest. These results are of direct interest to researchers and engineers developing vibrational energy harvesting systems for downhole deployment. Approved for publication, LAUR-16-21227.
Reliability Optimization Using Fault Tree Analysis in the Grid Connected Mode of Microgrid

In a microgrid, PTC Wind Solutions is used toimplement the optimization of reliability with the help of FaultTree Analysis (FTA). The reliability of each energy source alongwith the non-critical load is calculated. To interpret the faulttree results, the quantitative and qualitative analysis arecalculated. Then the importance measures like RiskAchievement Worth, Risk Reduction Worth, CriticalityImportance and Fussel -- Vesely Importance are used tocalculate the sensitivity and uncertainty of fault tree results. Thecomponents which are sensitive and at high risk are calculatedfrom the results. Using the logic gates in the PTC WindchillSolutions, the entire fault tree for a non-critical load outage isbuilt and studied. From the results, the unreliability andunavailability of the fault tree are used to calculate thereliability and availability of non-critical load outage. From theFault Tree Analysis, the unavailability and unreliability of noncriticalload outage are calculated which illustrates the values ofavailability and reliability. From the fault tree analysis, theunavailability and unreliability of non-critical load outage arecalculated as 0.01228, which illustrates that the availability andreliability as 98.77%. Minimal cut sets of circuit breaker acrossthe non-critical load, Point of Common Coupling at the maingrid, and a transformer are calculated from the QualitativeAnalysis. The top event probability evaluation of a non -- criticalload is performed using the Quantitative analysis whichindicates the system failure probability. The calculation ofImportance measures -- Risk Achievement Worth, RiskReduction Worth, Criticality Importance, Fussel -- VeselyImportance is performed. Thus, the reliability and availabilityof non-critical load is obtained using the PTC WindchillSolutions. The top event occurrence is caused by the basic andintermediate events of a fault trees. The components at high riskare calculated using the importance measures. Therefore, fromthe Qualitative and Quantitative analysis the components whichare at high risk and sensitive are obtained and maintained wellto optimize the reliability.
THE APPLICATION OF A NEW TYPE OF KEROGEN AUTOMATIC PREPARATION INSTRUMENT

A new type of kerogen automatic preparation instrument can automatically operate the whole process of kerogen preparation .The instrument can process 8 samples per operation so that the efficiency can be increased five times over the original ways. Meanwhile, the quality of the sample has reached the standard of SY/T5123-86 and SY/T5123?96.It has successfully solved the problems of such poisonous substances as hydrofluorite acid and hydrochloric acid in sampling so as to prevent environmental pollution and guarantee the health of the operator. The instrument possesses advantages of advanced design, easy operation, full function, stable performance and higher automation.
Extraction and distribution of She nationality clothing characteristics

Clothing patterns is an important feature of the She nationality clothing,so it is important to apply digital research based on the characteristics to the computer automatic classification of She nationality clothing.In this paper,12 typical She nationality clothing were selected,feature key points were abstracted from the clothing by using the Gauss fuzzy and scale-invariant feature transform method,and the key points distribution of different parts such as neckline,placket,cuffs and side slits were acquired.The results show that good agreement exists between the key point distribution obtained by computer and the different categories of the clothing feature.The key design area and sorting of different She nationality clothing were acquired by the analysis on the key points quantities.The complexity of the clothing texture can be characterized by the vector variance of key points.This method can effectively identify the different categories of the She nationality clothing and provide a reference for the clothing design.
OR52: DE-NOVO DEVELOPMENT OF DONOR MISMATCHED HLA IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN ABO-INCOMPATIBLE RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: IMPLICATION FOR LONG TERM ALLOGRAFT FUNCTION

Aim To determine whether the abrogation of development of donor specific antibodies (DSA) following ABO incompatible (ABOi) transplants is due to “accommodation” resulting in better graft outcome of ABOi renal transplants in comparison to ABO compatible (ABOc) renal transplants (RTx). Method RTx recipients with ABOi (n = 18) and ABOc (n = 47) with similar demographics were selected for this study [Table 1]. Pre and post-transplant sera were analyzed for DSA to Class I and II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) using LabScreen Single Antigen assay. Both groups had no detectable HLA and were crossmatch compatible. ABOi patients underwent plasmaheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin and Rituximab to reduce antibodies to blood group antigens, while ABOc patients received intravenous thymoglobulin in the immediate post-transplant period. Both groups were maintained on identical immunosuppressive regimen with triple therapy. Results Allo-immune response in ABOi and ABOc RTx patients was analyzed by measuring de novo development of DSA. None of the ABOi group developed DSA either to HLA Class I or Class II. In contrast, ABOc recipients developed DSA, 11 of 47 (23%). It is of significance that ABOi recipients with similar HLA mismatches to ABOc recipients failed to develop any detectable DSA which may account for lower incidence of acute rejection in ABOi group. In the ABOi only 2 of 18 (11%) developed acute rejection episodes which were reversible compared to 9 of 47 (20%) in the ABOc group. At the end of one year, glomerular filtration rate was also significantly better (p Conclusion Our study demonstrates that desensitization using Rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis for depleting antibodies in ABOi RTx patients prior to transplantation abrogates de novo development of DSA, likely due to accomodation, may account for the better outcome of the ABOi renal transplants.
Stochastic systems arising from Markov modulated empirical measures

This work is devoted to stochastic systems arising from empirical measures of random sequences (termed primary sequences) that are modulated by another Markov chain. The Markov chain is used to model random discrete events that are not represented in the primary sequences. One novel feature is that in lieu of the usual scaling in empirical measure sequences, the authors consider scaling in both space and time, which leads to new limit results. Under broad conditions, it is shown that a scaled sequence of the empirical measure converges weakly to a number of Brownian bridges modulated by a continuous-time Markov chain. Ramifications and special cases are also considered.
A Case Conceptualization Using Thematic Mapping

This article, the last in a series of 5, presents a detailed case summary in which thematic mapping, a novel method of case conceptualization, was used to conceptualize an adult struggling with chronic depression. The case illustrates the process and therapeutic outcomes that resulted from the therapist's use of the 3-stage thematic mapping model: theme identification, theme interpretation, and theme intervention. The article also demonstrates how the case formulation guided the therapist in selecting therapeutic techniques that matched to the client's goals, needs, and interpersonal style. Overall, this article aims to demonstrate how thematic mapping utilizes transtheoretical and transdiagnostic approaches to create a case formulation that is client-centered, process-oriented, and useful across a broad spectrum of training.
Video data retrieval in parallel disk arrays

Due to the emergence of various multimedia applications, a significant amount of research effort has recently been elaborated upon how to deal with video data retrieval in parallel disk arrays. We examine in this paper various issues related to video data retrieval in parallel disk arrays and survey several recent studies. The issue of load balancing is first discussed. Various approaches to replicate hot videos are considered. Then, we study the issue of disk scheduling and examine a general scheduling method to minimize the buffer requirement of the video server. In addition, the issue of batching viewers is investigated which is an effective way to increase the server’s throughput. Finally the means to support VCR-like functions for a disk-array-based video server is considered. We expect that the problem of how to cost-effectively handle video data in parallel disk arrays will be of growing importance.
Potamonautes nheenae, a new species of freshwater crab from Gabon, Central Africa, with a description of the first known male of Erimetopus brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)

A new species of the freshwater crab genus P otamonautes MacLeay, 1838 , is described from Ivindo National Park in Sofala Province, Gabon, Central Africa. Potamonautes nheenae n. sp. is morphologically distinct from the other species of this genus found in Gabon and nearby countries in Central Africa, and is most closely related to P. paecilei (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) from the Lower Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The new species is recognised by a unique combination of morphological characters of the adult male first gonopod, anterior sternum, mouthparts, and major cheliped. Illustrations of P. nheenae n. sp. are provided and differences with congeners found in Central Africa are discussed. In addition, the male gonopods, pleon, and sternum of the unusual freshwater crab Erimetopus brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) , are illustrated for the first time since its description in 1886, following the discovery of the first known male specimen of this species in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University.
Metropolitan effects on atmospheric patterns: important scales

Abstract: With the ongoing trend of urbanization, metropolitan areas continue to grow worldwide and urban land use/land cover changes influence atmospheric patterns at various spatial scales. The atmospheric quantities affected are primarily temperature, wind and precipitation, but the emission rates and emission densities of various gases and aerosols are also much higher in cities. Changes in atmospheric patterns occur within cities and surrounding rural environments, while urban impacts on global scales have recently also received attention. Impacts of metropolitan areas on the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer are described first. The role of regional-scale conditions on urban weather and climate modifications are outlined, followed by a more detailed discussion of local versus regional-scale effects of urbanization on various atmospheric patterns. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible interactions between global-scale climate change and urban impacts, which pose particular challenges for urban populations and the sustainability of the urban environment.
Energy, the Nation-State, and Imperialism

The contradictions and tensions inherent to the world system are lucidly evident in energy politics. On the one hand, energy is the basis of the nation-state, and, on the other, it is the basis of globalism—as well as the global warming crisis. In Star Trek the political significance of energy is acknowledged through “dilithium crystals”. While dilithium crystals are fantasy (as outlined below), their centrality in the world of Star Trek means that minerals remain as a source of geopolitical tension, conflict. Additionally, the progressive content of dilithium crystals gives us insight into current world politics on energy—whereby the U.S. is leading the whole planet toward continuing dependence on dirty, finite fossil fuels and actively working against the promise of plutonium energy.
High-Performance Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging with Enhanced Coupling Plate Design

This paper presents a capacitive wireless power transfer system for electric vehicle charging that achieves high efficiency and record-breaking power transfer density. This high performance is enabled by multi-MHz operation, innovatively designed matching networks, and enhancements in the design of the capacitive coupling plates. The enhanced coupling plate design includes the use of circular plates enveloped in a high-breakdown-strength dielectric material. This prevents arcing and allows kilowatt-scale power transfer across large air-gaps. Multiple 6.78-MHz 12-cm air-gap prototype capacitive WPT systems are built and tested to systematically validate these coupling plate design enhancements. The first system utilizes 150-cm2 coupling plates constructed from square-shaped bare copper sheets, and is only able to transfer 146 W at an efficiency of 84% before arcing occurs between a coupling plate and the vehicle chassis. The coupling plates are then enveloped in a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), enabling 590 W of power transfer at an efficiency of 88.4% before arcing intervenes again. The coupling plate design is then further enhanced by replacing the 150-cm2 square plates with circular plates of the same area, also enveloped in a layer of PTFE. This system achieves a power transfer of 1125 W at an efficiency of 85%, corresponding to a power transfer density of 37.5 kW/m2. Finally, a prototype system with 118-cm2 PTFE-enveloped circular coupling plates is shown to transfer 1217 W at an efficiency of 74.7%; hence, achieving a power transfer density of 51.6 kW/m2, which exceeds the state-of-the-art for large air-gap capacitive WPT systems by more than a factor of two.
Learning to Lead: Reflections from the Tideswell‐AGS‐ADGAP Emerging Leaders in Aging Program Scholars

The Tideswell Emerging Leaders in Aging (ELIA) Program is a 1-year leadership training program focused on developing a sustainable pipeline of leaders in aging who are poised to lead initiatives that will optimize the health of older people. The Tideswell ELIA Program is jointly administered by the American Geriatrics Society, the Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs, and Tideswell at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), a program within the Division of Geriatrics at UCSF. The ELIA Program prepares early to midcareer healthcare professionals in aging (scholars) for their transition into key leadership roles that involve one or more areas of patient care, education, and research. The program emphasizes the understanding of one's own and others' inherent work strategies and communication styles as integral to leading programs. Approximately 15 ELIA scholars are selected annually to participate in this interactive leadership development program. We conducted a qualitative analysis of program evaluations from 2015 to 2018 scholars (n = 47) to determine effectiveness and impact. All scholars (100%) completed the end-of-training survey. Scholars' satisfaction with the program is high. Scholars reported heightened leadership development and improvements in leadership skills, including communication, team building, and self-awareness. Scholars also reported enhancement of personal leadership attributes that contributed to career advancement. The Tideswell ELIA Program accelerates scholars' personal career development, positively impacts their institutions, and ultimately benefits older people. Sustaining leadership programs such as the Tideswell ELIA Program is vital to ensure a continuous pipeline of leaders skilled in both advocating for and advancing the health of older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:434-436, 2019.
Shinjuku: preemptive scheduling for µsecond-scale tail latency

The recently proposed dataplanes for microsecond scale applications, such as IX and ZygOS, use nonpreemptive policies to schedule requests to cores. For the many real-world scenarios where request service times follow distributions with high dispersion or a heavy tail, they allow short requests to be blocked behind long requests, which leads to poor tail latency. Shinjuku is a single-address space operating system that uses hardware support for virtualization to make preemption practical at the microsecond scale. This allows Shinjuku to implement centralized scheduling policies that preempt requests as often as every 5µsec and work well for both light and heavy tailed request service time distributions. We demonstrate that Shinjuku provides significant tail latency and throughput improvements over IX and ZygOS for a wide range of workload scenarios. For the case of a RocksDB server processing both point and range queries, Shinjuku achieves up to 6.6× higher throughput and 88% lower tail latency.
Genome instability consequences of RNase H2 Aicardi-Goutières syndrome alleles.

The RNase H2 complex is a conserved heterotrimeric enzyme that degrades RNA:DNA hybrids and promotes excision of rNMPs misincorporated during DNA replication. Failure to remove ribonucleotides from DNA leads to genomic instability in yeast and humans. The monogenic Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) results from mutation in one of several genes, among which are those encoding the RNase H2 subunits. The complete cellular and genomic consequences of RNASEH2 mutations and the precise connection to disease remain unclear. To learn more about the effect of RNASEH2 mutations on the cell, we used yeast as a model of AGS disease. We have generated yeast strains bearing AGS-associated mutations in RNASEH2 genes. There is a range of disease presentation in patients bearing these RNASEH2 variants. Here we report on in vivo phenotypes of genomic instability, including mutation and recombination rates, and synthetic gene interactions. These phenotypes provide insight into molecular consequences of RNASEH2 mutations, and lay the groundwork for further study of genomic instability as a contributing factor to AGS disease.
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Pathobiology, Basic Mechanisms, and Clinical Strategies

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is expected to increase in the aging population of the developed world. Currently, no noninvasive therapeutic strategies exist to prevent or treat CAVD. Though the advent of new valve replacement technologies have improved clinical outcomes, these techniques remain suboptimal for the two populations most at risk for valvular complications—pediatric and elderly patients. Recent advances in basic research have shown that CAVD arises through active cellular mechanisms, offering hope that drugs can be developed to target relevant pathways and provide new clinical options for CAVD patients. Translating these benchtop discoveries to clinical realities, however, will require both a holistic understanding of how targetable cellular level processes affect valve tissue function and the ability to identify early CAVD development in patients. This chapter addresses this translation by reviewing the current state of CAVD research and the ongoing efforts to meet the clinical need.
Toward Classification of the Realistic Free-Fermionic Superstring Models

The realistic free-fermionic models have had remarkable success in providing plausible explanations for various properties of the Standard Model, which include the natural appearance of three generations, the explanation of the heavy top quark mass and the qualitative structure of the fermion mass spectrum in general, the stability of the proton, and more. These intriguing achievements make evident the need to understand the general space of these models. While the number of possibilities is large, general patterns can be extracted. In this paper I present a detailed discussion on the construction of the realistic free-fermionic models with the aim of providing some insight into the basic structures and building blocks that enter the construction. The role of free phases in the determination of the phenomenology of the models is discussed in detail. I discuss the connection between the free phases and mirror symmetry in (2,2) models and the corresponding symmetries in the case of (2,0) models. The importance of the free phases in determining the effective low energy phenomenology is illustrated in several examples. The classification of the models in terms of boundary condition selection rules, real world-sheet fermion pairings, exotic matter states and the hidden sector is discussed.
Effects of Alcohol and Estrogen Receptor Blockade Using ICI 182,780 on Bone in Ovariectomized Rats

BACKGROUND Estrogen signaling is essential for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton, is required for normal bone remodeling balance in adults, and may influence the skeletal response to alcohol. High levels of alcohol consumption lower bone mass in ovary-intact but not ovariectomized (ovx) rats. However, the extremely rapid rate of bone loss immediately following ovx may obscure the effects of alcohol. We therefore determined (i) whether heavy alcohol consumption (35% caloric intake) influences bone in sexually mature ovx rats with established cancellous osteopenia and (ii) whether ICI 182,780 (ICI), a potent estrogen receptor signaling antagonist, alters the skeletal response to alcohol. METHODS Three weeks following ovx, rats were randomized into 5 groups, (i) baseline, (ii) control + vehicle, (iii) control + ICI, (iv) ethanol (EtOH) + vehicle, or (v) EtOH + ICI, and treated accordingly for 4 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, blood measurements of markers of bone turnover, and gene expression in femur and uterus were used to evaluate response to alcohol and ICI. RESULTS Rats consuming alcohol had lower bone mass and increased fat mass. Bone microarchitecture of the tibia and gene expression in femur were altered; specifically, there was reduced accrual of cortical bone, net loss of cancellous bone, and differential expression of 19/84 genes related to bone turnover. Furthermore, osteocalcin, a marker of bone turnover, was lower in alcohol-fed rats. ICI had no effect on weight gain, body composition, or cortical bone. ICI reduced cancellous bone loss and serum CTX-1, a biochemical marker of bone resorption; alcohol antagonized the latter 2 responses. Neither alcohol nor ICI affected uterine weight or gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol exaggerated bone loss in ovx rats in the presence or absence of estrogen receptor blockade with ICI. The negligible effect of alcohol on uterus and limited effects of ICI on bone in alcohol-fed ovx rats suggest that estrogen receptor signaling plays a limited role in the action of alcohol on bone in a rat model for chronic alcohol abuse.
Constructing Instrument Mapping Using Markov Boundary Techniques: A Case Study with Two Quality of Life Instruments

In psychiatry, it is common to have multiple available instruments for a concept of interest. Different studies may choose to measure the same concept with different instruments for reasons such as time and resource constraints. This makes it difficult to compare findings between studies, since differences in findings may be due to the use of different instruments. In this paper, we described and demonstrated a two step process to identify a correspondence mapping between QLS and GAF, two quality of life instruments. Specifically, we applied a Markov Boundary discovery algorithm, HITON-MB, to identify the Markov Boundary of GAF using different QLS subscales and items as candidate Markov Boundary members. The mapping function is then derived by regressing the identified Markov Boundary members to GAF. We applied the two step procedure to two independ datasets to examine the QLS-GAF correspondence across different patient population and training conditions. We identified the intrapsychic foundation subscale of QLS to be a consistent Markov Boundary member of GAF. We also reported the quality of the derived mapping functions.
Searching for El Duende

In this work I aim to elucidate what el duende is, to speak about that energy that flows in an instant at the tablados and taurine lands. El duende is that character that seems to come from a magical place –taken from a mysterious land– and from which many at flamenco culture speaks. It is said that nobody can see el duende, it can only be felt. This raises the question, who really knows el duende? Drawing on anthropology and philosophy, I suggest understanding el duende as an inner-outer force of the human being that flows inside the dancer and connects with the others (as spectators and / or musicians). The ethnographic analysis will focus only on flamenco dance, using my own experience as a dancer (auto-ethnography) as primary data. I trust that this self-involvement with dance will let me explore deeply into the soul of Flamenco art, into the magic essence that emanates from the dancer towards the audience and produces an intimate communication experience, which has been named el duende.
Machine learning for the analysis of 2D radioxenon beta gamma spectra

Clandestine nuclear testing can be detected at a standoff distance using radioxenon beta-gamma analysis. International treaty monitoring organizations depend, in part, upon the activity ratios of various radioxenon types to determine if collected samples are the result of a weapons test or a peaceful purpose such as energy or medical isotope production. However, the currently deployed radioxenon analysis method makes assumptions about the location of energy coincidence counts on a beta-gamma spectrum, such that this method is particularly sensitive to measurement or calibration errors. We propose a machine learning method instead. By exposing a computer algorithm to many representative examples, the resultant computer model detects patterns in the data without making additional assumptions. Both a classification model predicting which radioisotopes are present and a regression model predicting concentrations of the radioisotopes are tested. This work is a proof-of-concept that machine learning can be effectively applied to radioxenon beta-gamma analysis.
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Prevention in the Era of the Delta Variant

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmits much more rapidly than prior SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The primary mode of transmission is via short range aerosols that are emitted from the respiratory tract of an index case. There is marked heterogeneity in the spread of this virus, with 10-20% of index cases contributing to 80% of secondary cases while most index cases have no subsequent transmissions. Vaccination, ventilation, masking, eye protection, and rapid case identification with contact tracing and isolation can all reduce transmission of this virus.
Money Talks: Speech, Economic Power, and the Values of Democracy

Many have argued that soft money and special interests are destroying the American electoral system. And yet the clarion call for campaign finance reform only touches on the more general belief that money and economic power have a disastrous impact on both free expression and American democracy. The nation's primary sources of communication, the argument goes, are increasingly controlled by vast corporate empires whose primary, or even exclusive motive is the maximization of profit. And these conglomerates should simply not be granted the same constitutional protection as, say, an individual protester. And yet neither the expenditure of money for expressive purposes nor an underlying motive of profit maximization detracts from the values fostered by such activity, claims Martin H. Redish. In fact, given the modern economic realities that dictate that effective expression virtually requires the expenditure of capital, any restriction of such capital for expressive purposes will necessarily reduce the sum total of available expression. Further, Redish here illustrates, the underlying motive of those who wish to restrict corporate expression is disagreement with the nature of the views they express. Confronting head-on one of the sacred cows of American reformist politics, Martin H. Redish here once again lives up to his reputation as one of America's most original and counterintuitive legal minds.
America's "Hurrah Game": Baseball and Walt Whitman

"Base Ball," concluded Spalding, "is a democratic game." Spalding's later life was dedicated to making sure that baseball would forever be perceived as pristinely American: conceived, developed, and originally played only in the United States. He helped create the Abner Doubleday/Cooperstown immaculate creation-myth of baseball and fought the heresy of baseball's tainted conception (that it had been fathered by the English children's game of "Rounders"). And he believed it was baseball's manifest destiny to export the American way of life to the rest of the earth. So as winter descended on America in 1888, Spalding decided to pack up his successful Chicago White Stockings along with a team of National League all-stars and accomplish the rondure of the world.
The olecranon spur.

Background There is very little information for today's clinician on olecranon spurs. In addition, there is some ambiguity in the literature, with the terms "olecranon spur" and "olecranon osteophyte" sometimes being used interchangeably. This review presents the current knowledge about olecranon spur anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment options and their outcomes, as well as clarification of the terms "spur" and "osteophyte". Methods The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the terms "olecranon spur," "olecranon traction spur," and "olecranon osteophyte." The resulting articles were used to find other manuscripts pertaining to the subject. Results Very few articles were found as a result of these search criteria and were limited to a few case reports and a study investigating the postoperative outcomes of spur removal. Confusion of the terms "olecranon spur" and "olecranon osteophyte" was noted in 6 of the manuscripts. Conclusions The mechanism of olecranon spur formation has not been confirmed but seems to be similar to that of spurs at other entheses. In addition, the current literature represents a small number of patients and selects only those who required surgical intervention. Three methods of spur resection have been published, and all have good outcomes with small patient numbers and limited follow-up.
Covariant Feynman Rules

In this chapter we recast the theory of nonrelativistic scattering and old-fashioned perturbation theory into relativistic, manifestly covariant language. First we reacquaint ourselves with the relativistic kinematics of two-and three-body decays and two-body scattering processes. Next we reformulate the general dynamical scattering problem in terms of a covariant S-matrix and develop general formulae for decay rates and scattering cross sections. Then after examining the composition of covariant interactions and Feynman propagators, we enumerate a set of Feynman rules from which dynamical S-matrix elements can be constructed.
Francesco Paciotti, European geopolitics, and military architecture

Francesco Paciotti (1520–90) was one of the most famous military architects of the sixteenth century, building citadels in Turin and Antwerp and consulting all over Europe. Much of his success has not been properly connected to his descent from an illegitimate son of Giovanni della Rovere (d. 1501) and subsequent attainment of patrician status of the Paciotti clan in their native Urbino. The fact that Paciotti could be taken into confidence by allied European leaders – King Philip II of Spain, Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, Popes Pius V and Gregory XIII – was afforded by his ambassador-like status for the Duke of Urbino, Guidobaldo II della Rovere (1514–74). This new understanding of Paciotti's success allows us to discover an order among his works. Far from those of a neutral journeyman, Paciotti's projects all align diplomatically to Urbino-friendly jobs. The new understanding also, however, raises many new issues of the loftiness of the pursuit of military rather than civil architecture, of the secretive (and therefore largely unpublished) nature of noble-ambassadorial intellectual products, and the weight that should be given to the resulting historical record of texts and prints produced by anxious entrepreneurial authors and artists.
Species compositional differences on different-aged glacial landscapes drive contrasting responses of tundra to nutrient addition

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Blackwell Publishing for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Ecology 93 (2005): 770-782, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01006.x.
Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering Phase Shifts

I present 0 to 800 MeV nucleon-nucleon elastic and inelastic phase parameters derived by several groups: Arndt & Roper; Hoshizaki; Bugg; Bystricky, Lechanoine, & Lehar; and Bryan, Clark, & VerWest. Resonant-like behavior appears in the 1D2 and 3F3 states above the inelastic threshold in Hoshizaki’s analysis but not in Arndt & Roper’s. The np data are inadequate to permit determination of the I = 0 phase parameters above 600 MeV.