cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific Subdomains of Vav Differentially Affect T Cell and NK Cell Activation

The Vav protooncogene is a multidomain protein involved in the regulation of IL-2 gene transcription in T cells and the development of cell-mediated killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes. We have investigated the differential roles that specific protein subdomains within the Vav protooncogene have in the development of these two distinct cellular processes. Interestingly, a calponin homology (CH) domain mutant of Vav (CH − ) fails to enhance NF-AT/AP-1-mediated gene transcription but is still able to regulate the development of cell-mediated killing. The inability of the CH − mutant to enhance NF-AT/AP-1-mediated transcription appears to be secondary to defective intracellular calcium, because 1) the CH − mutant has significantly reduced TCR-initiated calcium signaling, and 2) treatment with the calcium ionophore ionomycin or cotransfection with activated calcineurin restores NF-AT/AP-1-mediated gene transcription. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Vav has also been implicated in regulating Vav activation. We found that deletion of the PH domain of Vav yields a protein that can neither enhance gene transcription from the NF-AT/AP-1 reporter nor enhance TCR- or FcR-mediated killing. In contrast, the PH deletion mutant of Vav is able to regulate the development of natural cytotoxicity, indicating a functional dichotomy for the PH domain in the regulation of these two distinct forms of killing. Lastly, mutation of three tyrosines (Y142, Y160, and Y174) within the acidic domain of Vav has revealed a potential negative regulatory site. Replacement of all three tyrosines with phenylalanine results in a hyperactive protein that increases NF-AT/AP-1-mediated gene transcription and enhances cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, these data highlight the differential roles that specific subdomains of Vav have in controlling distinct cellular functions. More broadly, the data suggest that separate lymphocyte functions can potentially be modulated by domain-specific targeting of Vav and other critical intracellular signaling molecules.
Involvement of Molybdenum and Iron in the in Vitro Assembly of Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase Utilizing Neurospora Mutant nit-1

Abstract Addition of high levels of sodium molybdate (10-2 m, final concentration) to acid-treated purified bovine milk xanthine oxidase prior to incubation with an extract of the nitrate-induced nitrate reductase Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1 resulted in a significant enhancement of the subsequent in vitro assembly of wild type N. crassa NADPH-nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.2). Added molybdate had no effect on the wild type enzyme itself. The enhancement is highly specific for molybdenum, is independent of added phosphate, and also occurs with cell-free preparations of uninduced wild type and with other known acid-treated molybdenum enzymes including chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase, rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase, bovine sulfite oxidase, and the nitrogenases of Azotobacter and Clostridium. Preincubation at 23° of acid-treated xanthine oxidase preparations resulted in a considerable loss of ability to form nitrate reductase and in a more striking enhancement by subsequently added molybdate. Prior addition of molybdate during the above 23° preincubation prevented in part the loss of the ability of the enzyme to form nitrate reductase, suggesting that the enhancement by molybdate is a restoration effect rather than a stimulatory one. Inclusion of molybdate in the buffer used for homogenization of the uninduced wild type also gave a significant increase in the subsequent in vitro assembly of the enzyme. Various forms and derivatives of molybdenum enhanced to varying degrees the ability of acid-treated xanthine oxidase to form nitrate reductase. Aqueous solutions of several complexes of Mo(V) with cysteine or glutathione under anaerobic conditions failed to substitute for the presumed molybdenum cofactor in the in vitro assembly of nitrate reductase. Sucrose density gradient profiles of NADPH-nitrate reductase formed in vitro by incubation of induced nit-1 extract with a 99Mo-labeled fraction of uninduced wild type (grown on 99MoO4=-containing medium) coincided with that of radioactivity. The addition of 99MoO4= to a cell-free preparation of unlabeled uninduced wild type or to acid-treated xanthine oxidase prior to its incubation with an extract of induced nit-1 gave similar results. Reciprocal experiments using an unlabeled fraction of uninduced wild type and an extract of nit-1 grown and induced in the presence of 99MoO4= showed no incorporation of radioactivity in the in vitro assembled enzyme. Nor was there in vitro exchange or incorporation of 99Mo into the already formed wild type enzyme. Comparable experiments with 55Fe showed that nit-1 and not uninduced wild type or xanthine oxidase is the source of iron in the in vitro assembly of Neurospora NADPH-nitrate reductase.
Planar waveguide fabrication by electron beam bombardment of silica

ABSTRACTWe describe a new fabrication technology for silica-based integrated optical components thatemploys electron irradiation to modify the refractive index of an amorphous Si02 substrate. An asymmetric planar waveguide has been fabricated with this method, with a guide depth of approximately5 .tm and a core-cladding index difference on the order of i03. The guide is single-moded over the entire visible spectrum, exhibiting losses of less than 12 dB/cm. 1. INTRODUCTIONIt is well-known that electron-beam bombardment of silica produces a change of index of rati1 The exact mechanism for the index change is still not well understood. Some groups believe that there is migration of chemical species, such as calcium that provides for the local index change.4 Others explain it by a densification of the silica, whereby the molecules attain their optimumbond lengths upon ard1 In order to set the stage for our future work to better understand theexact mechanism, we have fabricated a planar waveguide using this method. Since we have no direct
Abstract 3: Genetic Factors And Motor Status After Stroke

BACKGROUND: Genetic factors may help identify biological subgroups of patients with stroke. The current study focused on two specific genetic polymorphisms and examined each in relation to baseline values for the two primary behavioral measures used in the Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehab Evaluation (ICARE) After Stroke study: [1] the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS-16), a measure related to impairment, disability, and handicap after stroke, and [2] the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) time, which measures arm disability. Specifically, the current substudy hypothesized that [1] the val66met polymorphism for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and [2] the ApoE e4 polymorphism are each associated with poorer motor status by the SIS-16 and the WMFT. METHODS: Of the 361 subjects in the ICARE study, genetic samples were acquired in 216. BDNF polymorphism and ApoE e4 polymorphism status were determined, then compared with scores on SIS-16 and WMFT as determined at baseline in the ICARE study, adjusting for age. RESULTS: The 216 enrollees in this genetics substudy had age 61 +/- 13, were 67% male, and did not differ from the other 145 ICARE participants in age or race. The BDNF val66met polymorphism was present in 19.7% of subjects, and ApoE e4 in 29.8%; both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Among those with the BDNF val66met polymorphism, baseline scores on the SIS-16 were significantly poorer (58 +/- 18 vs. 67 +/- 16, p=0.007); BDNF polymorphism status explained 6.5% of the variance in SIS-16 score. BDNF polymorphism status did not correlate with WMFT, and ApoE e4 polymorphism status did not correlate with the score on either behavioral measure. CONCLUSION: Among enrollees in a phase III clinical trial of motor therapy after stroke, genetic variation related to BDNF polymorphism status accounted for a significant difference in baseline status for SIS-16, one of the trial’s two primary endpoints, to a degree (9 points) that approaches minimum clinically important difference. Genetic factors may be an important source of variance to consider in studies of restorative stroke therapy after stroke.
Montelukast: Pharmacology, Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy

Allergic rhinitis and asthma are common disorders effecting large percentages of the population of Western countries. There are multiple treatment options available for allergic rhinitis and asthma and stepwise approaches to therapy have been recommended. Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that has been found to be effective both in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. This paper will describe the pharmacology, safety, efficacy and tolerability of montelukast. It will examine the comparative efficacy of montelukast to other medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma, as well as discuss the recent studies of combination therapy.
Autonomic tone of patients during an electrophysiological catheterization: The role of autonomic influences on the reproducibility of sinus node function studies

Abstract Urinary catecholamine excretion remained unchanged and total electromechanical systole, QS 2 I, increased during the electrophysiological study of 16 patients (eight normals, eight with sinus node dysfunction) when compared to values obtained the day before and the day after the study. The mean values of the sinus node function studies (sinoatrial conduction and recovery times) repeated the day after the procedure were not significantly different from those obtained during the electrophysiological study in both the normal patients and patients with sinus node dysfunction. Individual patients in the sinus node dysfunction group showed slight variation in the sinus node studies; four of these patients showed normalization of SA node function the day after the electrophysiological procedure. These studies suggest that the electrophysiological procedure does not provoke a hyperadrenergic state. The sinus node function studies are reproducible in patients with normal baseline values. While the mean sinus node function results for the group with abnormal SA node function did not change significantly on repeat testing, some individual variation occurred; this variation is probably related to autonomic disturbances of SA node function.
Bringing the Marketplace into Science: On the Neoliberal Defense of the Commercialization of Scientific Research

The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate the theoretical justification for the commercialization of science – particularly the form of commercialization that is currently prominent in the U.S. In the first part of the paper, I examine the arguments put forward by one of the most prominent early proponents of commercialization, George Keyworth II, who served as Presidential Science Advisor to Ronald Reagan and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy from 1981 to 1985. An examination of Keyworth’s arguments reveals the profound role that neoliberal political and economic thought played in his defense of the commercialization of science. On his view, Reagan’s science and technology policy would stimulate creative research and economic growth by expanding the domain of voluntary exchange in which scientists operate – i.e., by removing the government-imposed barriers between scientific research and the marketplace. The result, he argued, would be to facilitate the flow of information between sectors that were previously cut off from one another, thereby encouraging the sharing of expertise, expediting the transfer of scientific research into marketable products, and ultimately, promoting social progress. In the second part of this paper, I argue that there are strong reasons to question this conclusion. These reasons concern the biasing effects of conflicts of interest, the inhibition of the free flow of information that results from the proliferation of patenting and licensing, and the restrictions on scientific freedom that result from greater corporate control over scientific decision making.
Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II used for the closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Background There are no FDA-approved transcatheter devices for the closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Several studies have reported on the use of various devices either off-label or under clinical trial protocols. However these reports have described significant adverse events including residual shunts, complete heart block, arrhythmia, and new valve regurgitations. Thus far, no study on the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II has been reported. Methods We conducted a 4-year retrospective chart review from August, 2010 to August, 2014, of patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defects associated with ventricular septal aneurysm who underwent transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II. Results A total of 16 patients underwent Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II transcatheter closure of their perimembranous ventricular septal defects. The median age was 2.56 years (range: 0.5–27.3). Their median weight was 13.0 kg (range: 6.9–71.6). The left ventricular median defect size was 9.3 mm (range: 5.9–14.4). The right ventricular median defect size was 3.6 mm (range: 2.3–5.8). All the patients underwent successful device implantation with 83% of the patients having complete echocardiographic closure at the 1-year follow-up; however, one procedure was complicated by early device embolisation. The device was successfully retrieved and replaced with a larger device. There were no device-related outflow tract obstructions, rhythm abnormalities, or haemolysis. Conclusion Application of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects appears to be a safe and effective treatment option. Prospective clinical trials and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Readmission destination and risk of mortality after major surgery: an observational cohort study

Summary Background Hospital readmissions are common after major surgery, although it is unknown whether patients achieve improved outcomes when they are readmitted to, and receive care at, the index hospital where their surgical procedure was done. We examined the association between readmission destination and mortality risk in the USA in Medicare beneficiaries after a range of common operations. Methods By use of claims data from Medicare beneficiaries in the USA between Jan 1, 2001, and Nov 15, 2011, we assessed patients who needed hospital readmission within 30 days after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, infrainguinal arterial bypass, aortobifemoral bypass, coronary artery bypass surgery, oesophagectomy, colectomy, pancreatectomy, cholecystectomy, ventral hernia repair, craniotomy, hip replacement, or knee replacement. We used logistic regression models incorporating inverse probability weighting and instrumental variable analysis to measure associations between readmission destination (index vs non-index hospital) and risk of 90 day mortality for patients who underwent surgery who needed hospital readmission. Findings 9 440 503 patients underwent one of 12 major operations, and the number of patients readmitted or transferred back to the index hospital where their operation was done varied from 186 336 (65·8%) of 283 131 patients who were readmitted after coronary artery bypass grafting, to 142 142 (83·2%) of 170 789 patients who were readmitted after colectomy. Readmission was more likely to be to the index hospital than to a non-index hospital if the readmission was for a surgical complication (189 384 [23%] of 834 070 patients readmitted to index hospital vs 36 792 [13%] of 276 976 patients readmitted non-index hospital, p Interpretation In the USA, patients who are readmitted to hospital after various major operations consistently achieve improved survival if they return to the hospital where their surgery took place. These findings might have important implications for cost-effectiveness-driven regional centralisation of surgical care. Funding None.
Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma: a population-based analysis of incidence and survival

Background Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) is a rare, aggressive tumor usually associated with a poor prognosis. This study analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of SNEC using population-based data. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973 to 2011) was queried for SNEC cases. Data analyzed included patient demographics, incidence, treatment modality, and survival. Results A total of 201 cases of SNEC were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 55.8 ± 15.7 years. Overall 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate for SNEC was 50.8%. Five-year survival analysis for SNEC by site revealed DSS of 80.7%, 59.2%, 34.5%, and 33.0% for the sphenoid sinus, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, and ethmoid sinus, respectively (p = 0.0014). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed greater hazard of death for the maxillary (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 3.71; p = 0.0094) and ethmoid sinuses (HR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.16; p = 0.0345) when compared to the nasal cavity. Advanced stage disease (stages III to IV, 5-year DSS 40.5%, p = 0.0008) was associated with poor survival outcomes. Survival was better among those treated with surgery (with [59.4%] or without [69.0%] radiotherapy) than those treated with primary radiotherapy alone (39.9%) (p < 0.0001). Conclusion SNEC commonly presents at an advanced-stage with poor survival outcomes. Negative prognostic factors include primary tumor site and advanced stage disease. SNEC is a highly aggressive tumor necessitating surgery and/or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy as the treatment of choice.
A europium fluoroimmunoassay for measuring binding of antigen to class II MHC glycoproteins

A dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay employing europium-streptavidin and time-resolved fluorimetry was developed to measure binding of biotin-labeled peptides to class II MHC proteins. Binding of biotin-peptides as measured by this assay was saturable and inhibited in the presence of unlabeled peptide. Background fluorescence was minimal and there was a direct relationship between signal and biotin-peptide/class II complex concentration from 1.3 pmol to less than 1 fmol total class II. The sensitivity of the assay and the ability to selectively capture specific class II proteins from detergent lysates of cells with solid phase mAb made it possible to measure formation peptide/class II complexes in live APC cultured with biotin-labeled insulin. This assay is expected to be useful for routine measurement of peptide/class II binding and biochemical analysis of Ag processing events.
Inhibition of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Oral Herbal Mixtures Maharishi Amrit Kalash-4 and Maharishi Amrit Kalash-5 in Hyperlipidemic Patients

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is central to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have shown previously that the herbal mixtures Maharishi Amrit Kalash-4 (MAK-4) and Maharishi Amrit Kalash-5 (MAK-5) inhibit LDL oxidation induced by cupric ions (Cu+2) and endothelial cells in vitro and that MAK-4 reduces atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits that were fed this herbal mixture. This study evaluates the antioxidant activity of MAK-4 and MAK-5 in vivo. Ten hyperlipidemic patients prescribed stable hypolipidemic therapy were treated with MAK-4 and MAK-5 for 18 weeks. Plasma lipoprotein, plasma lipid peroxide, and LDL oxidation studies were performed every 6 weeks. Apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) levels were measured at baseline and 18 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment with MAK-4 and MAK-5, a time-dependent increase in the lag phase and delay in the propagation phase of oxidation of LDL by Cu+2 and endothelial cells was seen. Lag phases at baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 weeks of MAK-4 and MAK-5 ingestion were 6.66 hours +/- 0.19 (mean +/- standard error of mean), 6.77 hours +/- 0.31, 7.22 hours +/- 0.24, and 18.00 hours +/- 0.73, respectively, for Cu(+2)-catalyzed LDL oxidation. Lag phases were 14.89 hours +/- 0.77, 13.33 hours +/- 0.50, 20.22 hours +/- 0.76, and 20.00 hours +/- 0.79, respectively, for endothelial cell-induced LDL oxidation. The levels of plasma lipid peroxide did not change significantly. No significant changes were seen in the plasma lipoproteins and the levels of apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a). The results show that MAK-4 and MAK-5 inhibit LDL oxidation in patients with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, MAK-4 and MAK-5 may be useful in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Consolidation strategies in ovarian cancer: Observations for future clinical trials

Abstract Purpose. To describe the characteristics of a series of study populations of ovarian cancer patients with identical eligibility criteria in second or subsequent clinical remission (cCR) and to propose endpoint benchmarks for future consolidation studies. Patients and methods. The patient populations consisted of those (1) untreated (U; observed until progression; n =35, (2) receiving imatinib (G; n =32), (3) receiving goserelin and bicalutamide (A; n =32), and (4) receiving vaccine (V; n =68; total=167). The endpoint of the combined analysis was progression-free survival in second remission (PFS 2). Patient characteristics were compared by chi-square test, and factors predicting PFS 2 evaluated in multivariate Cox model. Results. Groups were comparable for age, stage, grade, and debulking. Multivariate model to predict PFS 2 duration included histology, stage, optimal debulking, PFS 1 duration, and the type of intervention. As a benchmark for future studies, the median PFS 2 of the combined population of G, A, and U (removing V which had the most impact in prolonging PFS 2, n =68) was 11.3 months (95% CI: 10.4–12.5 months). The percent of patients with PFS 2>PFS 1 was 14/90 (16%). At 12 months, 43% remain progression-free. Conclusion. Preliminary benchmarks for efficacy endpoints are suggested for future consolidation trials of patients in cCR. However, the suggested strategies will require validation in randomized trials and larger data sets.
PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF Pseudomonas perolens AND EFFECTS ON PORCINE MUSCLE

Changes in the solubility of the primary muscle proteins attributable to the presence and growth of Pseudomonas perolens were increases in the extractability of myofibrillar and nonprotein nitrogen components at the expense of the sarcoplasmic and stroma proteins. Initiation of the production of high levels of proteolytic enzyme by Pseudomonas perolens in inoculated pork occurred concurrently with a rapid rise in pH and the peak of the bacterial growth curve. Incubation of porcine muscle at 3°C with or without bacterial cells resulted in minor ultrastructural changes. The purified proteolytic enzyme extract produced by Pseudomonas perolens appeared to cause the removal of the Z line and M line after as little as 4 days incubation. Fragmentation of the myofibrils and disintegration of actin filaments was evident after 8 days. Those samplcs containing bacterial cells exhibited varying degrees of ultrastructural damage after 8 days incubation. Localized disruption of myofibrils was observed and may have been due to localized growth or enzyme claboration of bacterial cells.
Effect of starvation on the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma, infected with the eugregarine Pyxinia frenzeli

Abstract The relationship between the eugregarine Pyxinia frenzeli and the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (=Attagenus piceus), was examined under starvation stress. A period of 42 days without access to food or water, during the insect's last larval instar, caused infected individuals to lose weight significantly faster than uninfected controls. Similarly, infected adult females weighed less after this same stress than uninfected individuals. The eugregarine-free control group was obtained from progeny reared from the second larval instar through pupation on a basal dog mealbrewer's yeast medium to which 8% (w/w) sorbic acid had been added. Data indicated that during a short period of complete starvation infected larvae lose weight almost twice as rapidly as their gregarine-free counterparts. Since partial and complete starvation periods are common among A. megatoma in the field, this apparently constant microbial inhabitant of the larval midgut probably aids in maintaining a check on the size of black carpet beetle field populations.
In situ densification of SHS composites from nanoreactants

The primary objective of this investigation was focused on in-situ densification of SHS composites synthesized from nanoreactants. Simultaneous combustion synthesis and densification technique was utilized and it was found to be an effective method to form dense intermetallic-ceramic composites. In this research study, two nanoreactant energetic systems, Al-TiO2 and Ni-Al-Al2O3, were explored. In-situ combustion synthesis and densification experiments were conducted in a uniaxial press with densification pressures up to 200 MPa and preheating capability of 1500K. The experiments were conducted in both vacuum and Ar atmosphere. Samples of titanium aluminides-alumina composites with density in the range of 95–98% have been obtained at a preheating temperature of 860°C and pressure of 100 MPa. Reactants and SHS-produced materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, and DSC/TGA. In addition, more fundamental studies of the reaction kinetics as a function of average particle size of aluminum nanopowders were conducted using DSC.
Unilateral exophthalmia in a European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) caused by a lacrimal ductal carcinoma

A 5-year-old European hedgehog was examined because of exophthalmos of the left eye. A retrobulbar mass in the ventromedial orbit was suspected and confirmed by a computed tomography scan. Exophthalmos progressed despite systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. The left orbit was exenterated and the mass was partially removed. The histopathologic diagnosis was lacrimal ductal carcinoma. Lacrimal ductal carcinoma is rare in humans and animals. The long-term prognosis is guarded to poor.
Quantitative Aspects of the Protective Action of Cysteine Against X-Radiation

SummaryExperiments in which cysteine and X-ray dosage were varied over a wide range revealed that the protective action afforded by cysteine is proportional to the dosages of cysteine and radiation employed and that cysteine increases the time to 50%-mortality and the average survival time of animals dying within 30 days post irradiation.
Assessment and intervention for adolescents with anger and aggression difficulties in school settings

The development, implementation, and evaluation of anger management programs have proliferated over the past decade. The programs aim to moderate the intensity, frequency, and severity of anger expression, and facilitate alternative nonaggressive responses to conflict and frustration. Cognitive-behavioral theory highlights cognitive processes such as attributions, expectations, interpersonal beliefs, and problem solving as most influential in determining an individual's response to provocation and identifies anger arousal as a mediator of aggressive behavior. Based on this premise that youth exhibit aggressive behavior due to poor arousal management, social, and problem-solving skills, Feindler and colleagues have developed psychoeducational anger management programs to target these deficits and to teach prosocial, conflict resolution skills. This article will review the development of anger difficulties, suggest tools for screening and outcome assessment, describe the anger management intervention approach, and present an overview of the research supporting implementation in school and community settings. Finally, specific recommendations for implementation are provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The City and Public History

Focusing on a course titled “History, Communities and Memory,” this article examines the course content, undergraduate and graduate student learning outcomes, and the pedagogical approaches employed throughout the semester. Using Akron’s engaging history and the portrayal of the city in public sites as a case study, the class serves as both an introduction to public history and to the interplay between history and memory. Arthur Chickering and Zelda Gamson’s seven principles for best practice inform the teaching methodologies discussed here, combined with a focus on critical thinking and civic engagement. The course content emphasizes how communities and historic sites present their history (or histories) and (following the work of Maurice Halbwachs) how memory operates simultaneously on both the individual level and the social one. The students employ Akron—especially its industrial past—to understand how the concepts and theories presented in the readings can be applied.
Proton Resonances in the Deuteron Bombardment of Carbon

The protons resulting from the deuteron bombardment of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ have been studied in some detail, with particular emphasis on the variation of the intensity of the long-range protons with energy and angle. Excitation curves at three fixed angles, one forward, one backward, and one at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the beam, show peaks which in some cases agree in energy with one another and with neutron and gamma-peaks observed in the same bombardment elsewhere. In other cases, however, there is no peak on one mode of observation at an energy where one appears in another. In some cases peaks in different modes of observation which do not quite coincide in energy are so close together that it seems reasonable to attribute them to the same virtual level of the compound nucleus, and the existence of the small energy discrepancies is discussed. Two shorter range groups of protons are studied less extensively because they penetrate the thin windows only at high bombarding energies, and their range coincides with that of the scattered deuterons at some bombarding energies. The two short range groups indicate excited states of ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ at 3.12 and 3.91 Mev. A possible low excited state near 0.8 Mev, suspected from an alpha-induced reaction, is not confirmed. The transition to it cannot be shown to be absent but only weak because protons indicating its existence could be masked by protons observed from an oxygen impurity. Of the three angular distributions observed in detail, the one at the lowest bombarding energy is the simplest, in keeping with the expectation that only deuterons of low angular momentum penetrate at low energies.
Frequency window method for forced vibration of structures with connected substructures

A novel method is presented to analyze the harmonic forced vibration of a main structure with multiple connected substructures. The response of the combined system is represented in terms of the uncoupled modes of the system components. Then, the response equations are given in terms of rational polynomial expansions for the main structure mobility, substructure impedances, and the forcing function. Next, the uncoupled modes with natural frequencies closest to the excitation frequency are isolated by a frequency window. The essential idea of the frequency window method is to retain full mathematical detail for these modes and to retain only the essential effects from all remaining modes. This results in both a reduction of complexity and computation effort. The method differs fundamentally from mode truncation and Taylor’s series methods. Furthermore, the method gives parameters which provide insight into the coupling effects between the main structure and the substructures.
Joint Stability Characteristics of the Ankle Complex in Female Athletes With Histories of Lateral Ankle Sprain, Part II: Clinical Experience Using Arthrometric Measurement

Context: This is part II of a 2-part series discussing stability characteristics of the ankle complex. In part I, we used a cadaver model to examine the effects of sectioning the lateral ankle liga...
Central nervous system abnormalities assessed with prenatal magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency at which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides additional information in fetuses with suspected central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities on ultrasound. Methods: Between May 1, 1996, and March 26, 1999, 83 women with 90 fetuses (including seven sets of live twins) had 91 ultrasonographic and MRI examinations of the fetal CNS. Eight women were studied twice, one for two different indications. If referrals came from outside our institution, a confirmatory sonogram was obtained. Indications for examination were ventriculomegaly ( n = 25), suspected neural tube defect ( n = 16), arachnoid cyst ( n = 12), large cisterna magna ( n = 11), and miscellaneous indications ( n = 20). Results: Magnetic resonance imaging findings led to changed diagnoses in 26 (40%) of 66 fetuses with abnormal confirmatory sonograms. Magnetic resonance imaging findings not found by ultrasound included partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum ( n = 11), porencephaly ( n = 6), hemorrhage ( n = 5), tethered cord ( n = 3), cortical gyral abnormality ( n = 2), cortical cleft ( n = 2), midbrain abnormality ( n = 2), and partial or complete agenesis of the septi pellucidi ( n = 3), as well as holoprosencephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, subependymal and cortical tubers, vascular malformation, and vermian cysts (one case each). Abnormalities better delineated by MRI than ultrasound included three cephaloceles, a dural arteriovenous malformation, one distal sacral neural tube defect, and the mass effect of three arachnoid cysts. That information was used to alter patient counseling and at times management. Conclusion: When a CNS anomaly is detected by sonography or suspected on ultrasound, MRI findings might lead to altered diagnosis and patient counseling.
Bottom line: There's no place like home

Robert Bonfiglio advises colleges and universities to consider whether their goals of promoting students' self-reliance are fully in sync with the reality of twenty-first-century life.
Life stress and anger: Moderating effects of type a irrational beliefs

Abstract The ABC model of emotional dysfunction proposes that irrational beliefs moderate the impact of stressful ‘activating’ events upon emotional distress. The present investigation utilized a measure of irrational beliefs specific to the Type A personality trait, as it tested the hypothesis that levels of anger and anxiety would be greatest in irrational individuals experience high levels of life stress. Results obtained from 138 college students showed that the interaction effect was specific to anger. This pattern of results was interpreted as evidence to support the ABC model of emotional dysfunction.
Bronchopulmonary Bacillary Angiomatosis

A man with prior AIDS developed acute febrile interstitial pneumonitis, hilar and paratracheal adenopathy, and bronchial polyps. The polyps were histologically typical for bacillary angiomatosis and complete symptomatic and radiographic response to oral clarithromycin was seen. The clinical presentation of bacillary angiomatosis includes pulmonary disease and in particular bronchial polyps; clarithromycin is an effective oral antibiotic.
Src and the control of cell division

Abstract The finely tuned mechanisms that control cell cycle progression go awry in cancer, pointing to proto-oncogene products as important players in cell-cycle regulation. One such proto-oncoprotein, c-Src, has previously been directly implicated, based on its requirement for growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis. Roche et al. have now shown that c-Src or its close relatives are also required for cell division to occur. The demonstration of essential functions for the Src family at multiple points in the cell cycle raises important questions about the normal and transforming activities of these and other proto-oncoproteins.
Striatal firing rate reflects head movement velocity

Although the basal ganglia have long been implicated in the initiation of actions, their contribution to movement remains a matter of dispute. Using wireless multi-electrode recording and motion tracking, we examined the relationship between single-unit activity in the sensorimotor striatum and movement kinematics. We recorded single-unit activity from medium spiny projection neurons and fast-spiking interneurons while monitoring the movements of mice using motion tracking. In Experiment 1, we trained mice to generate movements reliably by water-depriving them and giving them periodic cued sucrose rewards. We found high correlations between single-unit activity and movement velocity in particular directions. This correlation was found in both putative medium spiny projection neurons and fast-spiking interneurons. In Experiment 2, to rule out the possibility that the observed correlations were due to reward expectancy, we repeated the same procedure but added trials in which sucrose delivery was replaced by an aversive air puff stimulus. The air puff generated avoidance movements that were clearly different from movements on rewarded trials, but the same neurons that showed velocity correlation on reward trials exhibited a similar correlation on air puff trials. These experiments show for the first time that the firing rate of striatal neurons reflects movement velocity for different types of movements, whether to seek rewards or to avoid harm.
A Farce that Wounds Both High and Low: The Guan Yu Cult in Chosŏn-Ming Relations*

Scholarship on Chosŏn gratitude to the Ming in the wake of the Imjin Wars stresses Chosŏn loyalism and nostalgia for a lost civilizational order then only remnant as a final human outpost on the Korean peninsula standing firm before the tides of northern savagery. There was a very different undercurrent, however, in which the Chosŏn officialdom of the capital saw the Ming as irrational and even culturally alien, if not barbarous, violators of propriety. This paper examines these tensions and contradictions through the construction of Chosŏn state temples to Guan Yu, known in his deified form as Kwan Wang, at the close of the sixteenth century and the roles the cult and its temples played as a discursive space in which the Ming and Chosŏn governments negotiated the nature and dynamics of their relationship.
Use of Biofeedback in Weaning Paralyzed Patients from Respirators

Two paralyzed patients who were being treated with mechanical respirators and in whom weaning with intermittent mandatory ventilation failed were treated with regular sessions of biofeedback. Their respiratory volumes were displayed to them on oscilloscopes at bedside. A plastic (Plexiglas) template was placed on the face of the oscilloscope with two horizontal strips of adhesive tape affixed to it; the patient had to achieve a certain tidal volume (TV) to push the tracing outside the space between the horizontal lines. During each session the highest TV achieved determined the target TV to be maintained during the next session. The application of treatment coincided with improved ventilation; both patients were eventually weaned.
Total Synthesis of the 2,6-Sialylated Immunoglobulin G Glycopeptide Fragment in Homogeneous Form

The 2,6-sialylated tridecasaccharide 1 associated with the Fc fragment of intravenous immunoglobulin has been synthesized.
Bladder wall flattening with conformal mapping for MR cystography

Magnetic resonance visual cystoscopy or MR cystography (MRC) is an emerging tool for bladder tumor detection, where three-dimensional (3D) endoscopic views on the inner bladder surface are being investigated by researchers. In this paper, we further investigate an innovative strategy of visualizing the inner surface by flattening the 3D surface into a 2D display, where conformal mapping, a mathematically-proved algorithm with shape preserving, is used. The original morphological, textural and even geometric information can be visualized in the flattened 2D image. Therefore, radiologists do not have to manually control the view point and angle to locate the possible abnormalities like what they do in the 3D endoscopic views. Once an abnormality is detected on the 2D flattened image, its locations in the original MR slice images and in the 3D endoscopic views can be retrieved since the conformal mapping is an invertible transformation. In such a manner, the reading time needed by a radiologist can be expected to be reduced. In addition to the surface information, the bladder wall thickness can be visualized with encoded colors on the flattened image. Both normal volunteer and patient studies were performed to test the reconstruction of 3D surface, the conformal flattening, and the visualization of the color-coded flattened image. A bladder tumor of 3 cm size is so obvious on the 2D flattened image such that it can be perceived only at the first sight. The patient dataset shows a noticeable difference on the wall thickness distribution than that of the volunteer's dataset.
Effects of practice time within prompting and confirmation presentation procedures on paired associate learning

Previous experiments showing that a prompting procedure results in more PA learning than a confirmation (anticipation) procedure allowed S more time during which the stimulus and response terms were available together under the former procedure than under the latter. The present experiment also found that the prompting procedure results in more learning than the previously-used confirmation procedure. However, there was no difference in amount of learning between the prompting procedure and a modified confirmation procedure that entailed the same intraitem sequence, and the same amount of time during which both the stimulus and response terms were available, as the prompting procedure. A condition in which S was required to anticipate on every item resulted in the least learning.
Long- and short-term interest rates in a risky world☆

Abstract The paper develops and tests a general equilibrium model in which variability, or risk, affects the choice of portfolios. Our measures of variability include only the variability of unanticipated growth in monetary and non-monetary aggregates, and our tests use data ending with the change in Federal Reserve procedures in October 1979. We find that increased variability of unanticipated money growth raises demands for debt and money, and reduces the demand for real capital. Interest rates on both short- and long-term debt rise by a risk premium. We estimate the size of the risk premium before and after the October 1979 change, and we show that the change in Federal Reserve procedures moved the economy to a less efficient point.
The Recovery of By-Products from Poultry Evisceration Wastes

Abstract THERE is an increasing interest in the profitable disposal of the wastes from poultry packing plants. It is due to increased appreciation of the possibilities for the profitable utilization of packing plant wastes, and to the growth of evisceration with a natural concentration of by-products at one point. The percentage of the live weight of chicken that reaches the consumer as ready-to-cook poultry varies from 65–75 percent. The excellent work of Mitchell et al. (1926, 1931) shows the percentage of available by-products from poultry packing operations. Among the by-products of preparing poultry for the table, only the feathers seem to have a ready market. Prices for these vary widely depending on pillow sales, imports of foreign feathers, and other factors. Raw heads, feet, viscera, and blood have been used for hog feed but there are many objections to this practice. With the increase in the evisceration of poultry, therefore, efforts . . .
On recovering polyhedral scatterers with acoustic far-field measurements

We prove that an acoustic sound-hard scatterer, consisting of finitely many solid polyhedra in R n (n ≥ 2), is uniquely determined by the far-field patterns corresponding to n - 1 different incident waves. By suitable modifications, the method can also be used to show a similar uniqueness result in the setting without knowing the a priori physical properties of the underlying scatterer.
Structure of the Deoxymyoglobin Model [Fe(TPP)(2-MeHIm)] Reveals Unusual Porphyrin Core Distortions

The preparation and characterization of the deoxymyoglobin model (2-methylimidazole)(tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II) is described. The preparation and crystallization from chlorobenzene leads to a new crystalline phase that has been structurally characterized. The complex is the most ordered example of a deoxymyoglobin model yet characterized. The X-ray structure determination reveals a number of distortions both in the iron coordination group and in the porphyrin core that result from the steric bulk of the axial ligand. Some of these distortions have been noted previously in related species; however, the demonstration of porphyrin core distortions and an asymmetry in the Fe-N(p) bond distances are new observations. These may have functional significance for this important type of heme protein coordination group. The new structure emphasizes that high-spin iron(II) porphyrinate derivatives display substantial structural pliability with significant variations in iron atom displacements, porphyrin core hole size, and axial and equatorial Fe-N bond lengths. The new complex has also been characterized by zero-field and applied field magnetic Mossbauer spectroscopy. Mossbauer parameters are characteristic for high-spin iron, although they also reveal an extremely rhombic site for iron(II). Crystal data at 130 K for [Fe(TPP)(2-MeHIm)].1.5C(6)H(5)Cl: a = 12.334(3) A, b = 13.515(6) A, c = 14.241(7) A, alpha = 70.62(3) degrees, beta = 88.29(2) degrees, gamma = 88.24(3) degrees, triclinic, space group, P, V = 2238(2) A(3), Z = 2.
Impedance spectroscopy and nanoindentation of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coatings on microfabricated neural prosthetic devices

The electrical and mechanical properties of conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coatings on microfabricated neural probes have been evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and nanoindentation techniques. Our results reveal that for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coatings, the minimum impedance correlates well with the mechanical properties. The lowest impedance films are also those that are the softest. This is consistent with microstructural observations by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showing an increase in the effective surface area (“fuzziness”) of the coatings. The presence of these conducting polymer coatings provides an intermediate step along the interface between the devices and brain tissue. This information provides clues for the design of strategies for improving the long-term performance of these electrodes in vivo.