cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementing Office-Based Opioid Treatment Models in Primary Care

Background: Primary care practices are ideal sites for integrating medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder, but little is known about how practices have achieved this. Our study aimed to describe the implementation experiences and treatment models of practices implementing MAT. Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of MAT integration at 26 practices across Virginia after the state implemented the Addiction and Recovery Treatment Services (ARTS) benefit in 2017. Data collection activities included interviews with clinic team members, including buprenorphine-waivered prescribers, behavioral health clinicians, care coordinators, and peer counselors. We used a template analysis approach to thematically analyze data. Results: Our study identified various ways in which MAT can be implemented in primary care clinics and other ambulatory settings. Although state regulations and treatment guidelines suggest colocating behavioral health counseling and medication management, providing care coordination, and conducting regular urine drug screens, we found a wide spectrum of ways in which practices can adapt and innovate treatment models to fit local needs. Discussion: As the fight against the opioid epidemic continues, we need to identify feasible and effective MAT treatment models and integration approaches for primary care.
Social Work Research and Evidence-Based Practice in Experimental Medicine Exploring Issues in the Xenotransplantation Context.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to discuss challenges to interdisciplinary evidence-based social work practice (EBP) within a context of xenotransplantation (XTx) using genetically modified animal organs, and the broader context of experimental medicine. Method This paper reviewed EBP terminology and discussed the meaning and function of evidence-based social work practice within an IDT in a XTx setting. Meta-analytic systematic reviews, and psychosocial surveys, were discussed to glean insights into ways in which IDTs can incorporate those research methodologies into EBP within an experimental medical (i.e., XTx) context. Several issues that arise while conducting psychosocial research in preparation for clinical trials were also discussed. Conclusions Social workers can assume leadership roles on IDT's within experimental medicine by using their group facilitation skills and training in EBP. An evidence-based pathway model for interdisciplinary care was proposed and briefly illustrated as a framework for collaboration among IDT members using EBP in XTx practice.
Lost in the Crowd: The Effect of Volatile Fields on Presidential Primaries:

All candidates attempt to convey agendas through the media, but presidential primary contenders face distinctive conditions. Do these conditions affect candidates’ ability to transmit their agendas...
Noir affect: CHRISTOPHER BREU and ELIZABETH A. HATMAKER (eds.), 2020, New York, fordham university press, pp. ix + 291, illus., notes and index, $35 (paperback)

In Noir Affect, Christopher Breu and the late Elizabeth A. Hatmaker redefine the meaning one might expect from their book’s title. Noir and affect are two terms employed as tropes or metaphors, her...
The Effects of ICU Crisis Reorganization on Outcomes in Patients Not Infected With Coronavirus Disease 2019 During the Initial Surge of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

To determine if ICU reorganization due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affected outcomes in critically ill patients who were not infected with coronavirus disease 2019. Design This was a Before-After study, with coronavirus disease 2019-induced ICU reorganization as the intervention. A retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to a reorganized ICU during the coronavirus disease 2019 surge (from March 23, 2020, to May 06, 2020: intervention group) was compared with patients admitted to the ICU prior to coronavirus disease 2019 surge (from January 10, 2020, to February 23, 2020: before group). Setting High-intensity cardiac, medical, and surgical ICUs of a community hospital in metropolitan Missouri. Patients All patients admitted to the ICU during the before and intervention period were included. Patients younger than 18 years old and those admitted after an elective procedure or surgery were excluded. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were excluded. Interventions None. Measurements and main results We identified a total of 524 eligible patients: 342 patients in the before group and 182 in the intervention group. The 28-day mortality was 25.1% (86/342) and 28.6% (52/182), respectively (p = 0.40). The ICU length of stay, ventilator length of stay, and ventilator-free days were similar in both groups. Rates of patient adverse events including falls, inadvertent endotracheal tube removal, reintubation within 48 hours of extubation, and hospital acquired pressure ulcers occurred more frequently in the study group (20 events, 11%) versus control group (12 events, 3.5%) (p = 0.001). Conclusions Twenty-eight-day mortality, in patients who required ICU care and were not infected with coronavirus disease 2019, was not significantly affected by ICU reorganization during a pandemic.
Factors associated with low-dose CT lung cancer screening participation in a high burden state: Results from the 2017-2018 BRFSS

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening (LCS) eligibility, utilization, and factors associated with self-reported participation among eligible individuals. Methods Data from the 2017 and 2018 Oklahoma Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used and analysis was restricted to data from individuals eligible for screening based on the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines. Analyses using recursive partitioning and weighted logistic regression were conducted from November 2019 to March 2020. The final study sample consisted of 596 respondents. Results Only 10.84 % of participants reported LCS participation. Differences in participation by sex were observed. Among males, those with COPD were more likely to report participating in screening. Among females, those who self-reported their health status as “fair or worse” were more likely to participate in LCS. Conclusion Rates of utilization were higher in this study than in earlier estimates; however, utilization of LCS remains suboptimal. Although LCS participation rates were similar for males and females, differences were observed by sex. Opportunities exist to increase screening participation among eligible individuals, and findings from this study can be used for program planning such as patient engagement resources and effective clinical decision support. Policy statement This study further demonstrates the complex nature of cancer screening participation, specifically LDCT LCS. Under the current USPSTF guidelines only a small proportion of the population is considered eligible thus to prevent lung cancer mortality, the eligibility criteria regarding smoking history and screening age may need to be reevaluated. Furthermore, this study adds to the evidence that strategies to increase screening participation among eligible individuals may need to differ by sex.
Tracking Home Language Production and Environment in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

ObjectiveTo use an automated speech-processing technology to identify patterns in sound environments and language output for deaf or hard-of-hearing infants and toddlers.Study DesignObservational s...
Taiwan in Dynamic Transition: Nation Building and Democratization

The book under review, Taiwan in Dynamic Transition, is a collection of essays that provide an up-to-date evaluation of contemporary Taiwan politics, focusing on the island’s nation building and de...
Clues to the Organization of DNA Repair Systems Gained from Studies of Intragenomic Repair Heterogeneity

The investigation of DNA repair processes in mammalian cells has largely been modeled upon results obtained with prokaryotes, most notably E. coli. The general aspects of the organization and functioning of a number of repair systems in mammalian cells do indeed appear to be rather similar to those in prokaryotes (Friedberg 1984). Both utilize: (1) a broad-spectrum excision repair system that recognizes and removes a variety of bulky, DNA-distorting lesions; (2) many individual glycosylases that specifically remove a variety of altered or damaged bases to produce repairable abasic sites; and (3) systems for directly reversing certain lesions like 0-6-alkyl guanine. Although the strategies used may not be identical, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have been shown to repair mismatches and double-strand breaks, and to possess tolerance mechanisms to facilitate the replication of DNA containing lesions (sometimes termed postreplication repair).
7 The Insulin Receptor and Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and function of the insulin receptor to establish the hypothesis that tyrosine kinases play a key role in cellular regulation and transmission of the insulin signal. The insulin receptor is composed of two functional domains: (1) an extracellular regulatory subunit that binds insulin and (2) a transmembrane subunit that contains tyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine kinase is intrinsic to the insulin receptor and is present in all cells studied so far that contain the receptors. One of the earliest detectable responses to insulin binding in an intact cell is activation of this kinase and tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular domains on the β-subunit. From studies with the purified insulin receptor, autophosphorylation activates the phosphotransferase in the β-subunit that catalyzes tyrosine phosphorylation of other proteins on tyrosine residues. The search for substrates in the intact cell has been difficult because of their very low concentration; however, phosphotyrosine antibodies have provided a very sensitive tool to begin identifying the cellular substrates for the insulin receptor and other tyrosine kinases.
Chronic Modulation of the TCR Repertoire in the Lymphoid Periphery

Using TCR Vβ5 transgenic mice as a model system, we demonstrate that the induction of peripheral tolerance can mold the TCR repertoire throughout adult life. In these mice, three distinct populations of peripheral T cells are affected by chronic selective events in the lymphoid periphery. First, CD4+Vβ5+ T cells are deleted in the lymphoid periphery by superantigens encoded by mouse mammary tumor viruses-8 and -9 in an MHC class II-dependent manner. Second, mature CD8+Vβ5+ T cells transit through a CD8lowVβ5low deletional intermediate during tolerance induction by a process that depends upon neither mouse mammary tumor virus-encoded superantigens nor MHC class II expression. Third, a population of CD4−CD8−Vβ5+ T cells arises in the lymphoid periphery in an age-dependent manner. We analyzed the TCR Vα repertoire of each of these cellular compartments in both Vβ5 transgenic and nontransgenic C57BL/6 mice as a function of age. This analysis revealed age-related changes in the expression of Vα families among different cellular compartments, highlighting the dynamic state of the peripheral immune repertoire. Our work indicates that the chronic processes maintaining peripheral T cell tolerance can dramatically shape the available TCR repertoire.
Comparative epidemiology of selected midline congenital abnormalities

We present comparative epidemiologic characteristics of five congenital abnormalities that have been suggested to result from midline abnormal developmental disturbances: esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF), imperforate anus with or without fistula (IA/F), omphalocele (OM), bladder exstrophy (BE), and diaphragmatic hernia (DH). The purpose was to assess the extent of epidemiologic similarities among these five defects. Data were collected as part of a population-based case-control study of infants with these defects born to mothers residing in Maryland, Washington, D.C., or Northern Virginia from 1980 through 1987. The estimated annual birth prevalences (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of these five defects were 0.40 (0.26–0.61) for BE, 1.34 (1.08–1.67) for OM, 1.59 (1.29–1.95) for DH, 2.11 (1.76–2.53) for EA/TEF, and 2.97 (2.55–3.46) for IA/F. The birth prevalence of IA/F and DH increased between 1980 and 1987. In contrast to the other four defects, DH showed a significant male preponderance (rate ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.47), a significant white excess (rate ratio white:other, 1.56, 95% CI 1.00–2.48), and a lower proportion of multiple associated defects (30% vs. 46–61%). We concluded from this study that the descriptive epidemiology of diaphragmatic hernia is different from that of the other four defects. This finding may imply differences in etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying DH. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Holmes: A Comprehensive Anomaly Detection System for Daily In-home Activities

Advances in wireless sensor networks have enabled the monitoring of daily activities of elderly people. The goal of these monitoring applications is to learn normal behavior in terms of daily activities and look for any deviation, i.e., Anomalies, so that alerts can be sent to relatives or caregivers. However, human behavior is very complex, and many existing anomaly detection systems are too simplistic which cause many false alarms, resulting in unreliable systems. We present Holmes, a comprehensive anomaly detection system for daily in-home activities. Holmes accurately learns a resident's normal behavior by considering variability in daily activities based not only on a per day basis, but also considering specific days of the week, different time periods such as per week and per month, and collective, temporal, and correlation based features. This approach of learning complicated normal behaviors reduces false alarms. Also, based on resident and expert feedback, Holmes learns semantic rules that explain specific variations of activities in specific scenarios to further reduce false alarms. We evaluate Holmes using data collected from our own deployed system, public data sets, and data collected by a senior safety system provider company from an elderly resident's home. Our evaluation shows that compared to state of the art systems, Holmes reduces false positives and false negatives by at least 46% and 27%, respectively.
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates Synaptic Specificity among Two Classes of Motor Neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans

Loss of UNC-55 function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans causes one motor neuron class, the ventral D (VD) motor neurons, to adopt the synaptic pattern of another motor neuron class, the dorsal D (DD) motor neurons. Here we show that unc-55 encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor gene family that is similar to the vertebrate chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors. Although the VD and DD motor neuron classes arise from different lineages at different developmental stages, they share a number of structural and functional features that appear to be the product of identical genetic programs. UNC-55 is expressed in the VD but not the DD motor neurons to modify this genetic program and to create the synaptic pattern that distinguishes the two motor neuron classes from one another.
Functional Development of Stomach

The sections in this article are: 1 Parietal Cells 1.1 Structure 1.2 Basal Acid Secretion 1.3 Acid Secretory Response to Stimuli 2 Chief Cells 2.1 Structure 2.2 Mucosal Pepsinogen Content 2.3 Pepsin Secretory Response to Stimuli 3 Gastrin 3.1 Tissue Levels 3.2 Serum Levels 4 Growth 5 Regulation of Gastric Development 5.1 Diet or Weaning 5.2 Corticosterone 5.3 Thyroxine 5.4 Influence of Sex 5.5 Intrinsic Mechanism 6 Summary
Performance Management and Appraisal in Human Service Organizations: Management and Staff Perspectives:

To demonstrate their effectiveness, nonprofit organizations, like public and private sector organizations, are facing increasing pressure to demonstrate how well they perform and their plans for fu...
A Study of Certain Polyploid and Aneuploid Forms in Fragaria.

Page 474, line 4 from bottom, for "lagging at first metaphase" read "lagging at first anaphase
A novel model for on-chip heat dissipation

This paper presents an analytical model for on-chip heat dissipation in VLSI design. A chip and its test configuration also are developed to verify modeling results. The model and chip are representative of general IC packages. Our research shows that circuit location on a chip determines its default offset temperature and heat transport properties, which must be considered for accurate prediction of junction temperature and electrothermal analysis. The model yields insights about on-chip heat dissipation, which are very useful for mixed-signal VLSI designs and circuit reliability analysis.
What Are the Lessons of the OD Fable

This article shows that, even with best intentions, the concept of process consultation was not really understood by the consultants and alternatives are suggested.
Availability of pharmacogenomics-based prescribing information in drug package inserts for currently approved drugs.

Availability of pharmacogenomics-based prescribing information in drug package inserts for currently approved drugs
Shell model theory of Pb205

Abstract The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions have been calculated for the lower levels of Pb 205 for a pure singlet-even two-body force between nucleons and for a singlet-even force plus weak coupling of the particle motion to the quadrupole collective motion of the core. Better agreement with experiment is found when weak coupling of the core is included. More experimental data are needed before a complete decay scheme for Pb 205 can be determined.
Earthquake response analysis of reactor structures

Abstract The general nature of the principles upon which earthquake resistant design is based is described with particular reference to components and elements of nuclear reactor facilities. Special attention is paid to the response and design criteria of items of equipment or of components that are mounted on or attached to responding elements, and basic procedures are developed to bound the dynamic response of such items. Consideration is given to vertical as well as horizontal excitation, and the combination of the effects of the various exciations. Suitable approximations are developed for inelastic response estimates. One section of the paper is devoted to relative motions of points some distance apart, and to bounds for such relative motions. Recommendations are made for the general criteria governing the design of nuclear facilities, including the basic parameters governing response characteristics and energy absorption.
Inhibition of aminoacyl-sRNA binding to ribosomes by tetracycline

Abstract Tetracycline blocked the synthesis of polyphenylalanine from phenylalanyl-sRNA. This inhibition was reversed by increased ribosomes plus poly U in the incubation mixture but not by increased aminoacyl-sRNA or supernatant fraction. In contrast to the lack of effect of puromycin and chloramphenicol, tetracycline reduced the binding of N-acetyl-phenylalanyl-sRNA to ribosomes, whereas the binding of poly U to ribosomes was unaffected. Although polyphenylalanine synthesis was inhibited almost completely by tetracycline, aminoacyl-sRNA binding to ribosomes was inhibited maximally about 50 per cent. We suggest that tetracycline may combine with ribosomes in such a way as to obstruct one of the two sites for the binding of aminoacyl-sRNA.
Coherent radiation and two-level electric dipole transitions, a quantitative classical analogy☆

Abstract The familiar qualitative notion that a collection of two-level atoms interacting with a radiation field behaves like a classical pendulum is made precise.
Integrating experiments into an energy-based reduced-order model for vortex-induced-vibrations of a cylinder mounted as an inverted pendulum

Abstract High-resolution digital particle image velocimetry has been used to measure fluid energy transport terms necessary for developing a scientifically rigorous Hamilton's Principle approach to modelling fluid–structure interactions. The interaction being modelled is the vortex-induced vibration of a low mass-damping circular cylinder mounted like an inverted pendulum in a water tunnel. Data in this paper are specifically focussed on the case where the cylinder undergoes large amplitude modulated oscillations slightly below the cylinder's natural frequency. This paper describes the experimental methodology used to acquire key modelling data, i.e. kinetic energy transport and work by viscous forces across the boundaries of an integral control volume. Integration of these data into the coupled energy equation is also described. The ability of this modelling approach to accurately capture complex phenomena such as beating is demonstrated.
Expression profiling of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia suggests deficient CD1-mediated immunity, polarized cytokine response, altered adhesion and increased intracellular protein transport and processing of leukemic cells.

We used oligonucleotide microarrays to profile the expression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells from eight patients compared with CD5-expressing normal B cells from four donors and with pooled normal circulating B cells. Of 6790 genes examined, we identified 87 genes that were differentially expressed at least two-fold between CLL and the normal B cells. CLL cells significantly down-regulated transcripts from CD1c and CD1d genes, which encode proteins known to present lipid antigen and mediate innate and adaptive immunity. The expression pattern was also consistent with reduced signaling by interferon gamma but increased response to interleukin 4 in leukemic cells. CLL cells increased the expression of several collagen-associated extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules, up-regulated many genes involved in intracellular protein transport and processing, while downregulating genes involved in proliferation and metabolism. Based on the expression pattern, we propose that CLL-B cells prolong their survival through increased interaction with survival factors such as IL-4, and through various mechanisms of evading the immune response, such as turning off the expression of CD1c and CD1d, reducing immunogenic response to interferon gamma, inactivating T cell in B–T interaction and increasing the expression of immunoglobulin receptors which neutralize antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Relaxor and superparaelectric behavior in the disordered ferroelectrics KLT and KTN

Abstract The relaxor behavior is characteristic of a number of mixed ferroelectric systems. Early explanations attributed it to a diffuse phase transition. Although all relaxors identified so far were lead-based systems, we have recently showed that K1−xLixTaO3 (KLT) also exhibits the relaxor behavior. Moreover, we have proposed a microscopic model to account for this behavior. In parallel, we have also studied a closely related system, KTa1−xNbxO3 (KTN). KTN is structurally similar to KLT but displays a much weaker relaxor behavior and is better described as a superparaelectric. In the present paper we review the microscopic relaxor model and show that it reproduces the essential frequency dispersion observed in the dielectric constant of KLT. We then compare the results of dielectric and polarization hysteresis loop measurements made on KLT and KTN and explicit the relationship that exists between both types of measurements. Finally, we explain the significant differences that exist between the two syst...
Measurement of phosphate esters in extract of fetal rat heart by automated high pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract Creatine phosphate, nucleotides and glycolytic phosphate esters were estimated in extract of beating, in situ freeze clamped, 131 2 to 191 2 day fetal rat hearts by automated phosphate ester chromatography. Creatine phosphate increased more than 4-fold to almost 9 n moles per mg. protein at 191 2 days, while ATP remained relatively constant at about 19 to 21 n moles per mg. protein. Most other nucleotides decreased as gestation advanced. ATP rather than creatine phosphate appears to be the major energy source of fetal rat heart. Except for glucose-6-phosphate, which increased, the glycolytic phosphate esters decreased only very slightly with advancing gestational age, suggesting a relatively stable basal glycolytic activity. Methodology includes correction for phosphate esters of whole blood trapped in extracts of in situ freeze clamped tissues.
Investigations of the ionosphere by space techniques

Much of the impetus to ionosphere research since the International Geophysical Year has come from new types of measurement using space vehicles. The key developments are outlined, together with the contributions that they have made to the understanding of the ionosphere.
Random sieves, II

A proof is presented that the random sieve, a stochastic analogue of the sieve of Eratosthenes, generates sequences of numbers approximating the density of primes. The expected number En[h] of such numbers less than n satisfies En[h]/π(n)→1 and the actual number h(n), on any trial, approximates π(n) in the sense of the weak law of large numbers. Some additional results are given.
Stochastic theory of nonlinear rate processes with multiple stationary states. II. Relaxation time from a metastable state

We have developed a methodology for obtaining a Fokker-Planck equation for nonlinear systems with multiple stationary states that yields the correct system size dependence, i.e., exponential growth with system size of the relaxation time from a metastable state. We show that this relaxation time depends strongly on the barrier heightU(x) between the metastable and stable states of the system. For a Fokker-Planck (FP) equation to yield the correct result for the relaxation time from a metastable state, it is therefore essential that the free energy functionU(x) of the FP equation not only correctly locate the extrema of U(x), but also have the correct magnitudeU at these extrema. This is accomplished by so choosing the coefficients of the FP equation that its stationary solution is identical to that of the master equation that defines the nonlinear system.
Evolution of a laptop university: a case study

Technology is integral to carrying out many types of business transactions and has become entwined in the very fabric of everyday life. In the educational environment—particularly higher education—technology is underutilised as a pedagogical tool and in many cases remains largely untapped. Winona State University and its laptop programme learned some valuable lessons from the marriage between the application of the Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education and technology. The transformation into a leading laptop university was neither smooth nor easy, but it is a successful case about principle-centred technological change and improved student learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Problems of nomenclature in cardiac arrhythmias

E LECTROCARDIO~RAPHY is an empirical, not an exact science. Its theory is based on certain oversimplified assumptions which, as Einthovenl knew, are not correct. However, the simplifications proved very useful for our understanding of certain problems and are therefore justified. Less permissible is the loose nomenclature which gradually over the last decades invaded electrocardiography, particularly with reference to cardiac arrhythmias. Its widespread use is regrettable, and it confuses the beginner. In the following paragraphs some of the terms will be mentioned which, in our opinion, are wrongly applied.
Efficient implementation of the smalltalk-80 system

The Smalltalk-80* programming language includes dynamic storage allocation, full upward funargs, and universally polymorphic procedures; the Smalltalk-80 programming system features interactive execution with incremental compilation, and implementation portability. These features of modern programming systems are among the most difficult to implement efficiently, even individually. A new implementation of the Smalltalk-80 system, hosted on a small microprocessor-based computer, achieves high performance while retaining complete (object code) compatibility with existing implementations. This paper discusses the most significant optimization techniques developed over the course of the project, many of which are applicable to other languages. The key idea is to represent certain runtime state (both code and data) in more than one form, and to convert between forms when needed.
Specific amino acid residues in the β sliding clamp establish a DNA polymerase usage hierarchy in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli dnaN159 strains encode a mutant form of the beta sliding clamp (beta159), causing them to display altered DNA polymerase (pol) usage. In order to better understand mechanisms of pol selection/switching in E. coli, we have further characterized pol usage in the dnaN159 strain. The dnaN159 allele contains two amino acid substitutions: G66E (glycine-66 to glutamic acid) and G174A (glycine-174 to alanine). Our results indicated that the G174A substitution impaired interaction of the beta clamp with the alpha catalytic subunit of pol III. In light of this finding, we designed two additional dnaN alleles. One of these dnaN alleles contained a G174A substitution (beta-G174A), while the other contained D173A, G174A and H175A substitutions (beta-173-175). Examination of strains bearing these different dnaN alleles indicated that each conferred a distinct UV sensitive phenotype that was dependent upon a unique combination of Delta polB (pol II), Delta dinB (pol IV) and/or Delta umuDC (pol V) alleles. Taken together, these findings indicate that mutations in the beta clamp differentially affect the functions of these three pols, and suggest that pol II, pol IV and pol V are capable of influencing each others' abilities to gain access to the replication fork. These findings are discussed in terms of a model whereby amino acid residues in the vicinity of those mutated in beta159 (G66 and G174) help to define a DNA polymerase usage hierarchy in E. coli following UV irradiation.
Differential effects of two chemotherapeutic agents, streptozotocin and chlorozotocin, on the mammalian cell cycle.

Abstract Streptozotocin and chlorozotocin were examined for effects on survival and cell-cycle progression in exponentially growing (cycling) populations of CHO (Chinese hamster) cells and in non-cycling G 1 -arrested cells. On a weight basis, chlorozotocin was approximately 40 times more toxic for non-cycling cells and nearly 20 times more toxic for cycling cells in comparison to streptozotocin. While low concentrations of streptozotocin were more cytotoxic to cycling cells as compared to non-cycling cells, non-cycling cells were more sensitive than cycling cells at all concentrations of chlorozotocin examined. Streptozotocin did not affect the rate of traverse through G 1 (pre-DNA synthetic phase), produced only a slight prolongation in duration of S phase (DNA-synthetic phase), and caused a delay in progression through G 2 (pre-mitotic phase) of approximately 4 hr, although most cells ultimately divided. Therefore, populations treated with streptozotocin exhibited a modest increase in the fraction of cells in G 2 , primarily at the expense of the G 1 population. Chlorozotocin, administered at an isosurvival concentration, did not affect rate of traverse of G 1 , approximately doubled the time required for completion of DNA synthesis, and caused cells to accumulate preferentially within the first 10 min of G 2 , with only a small fraction of cells capable of dividing. These population redistributions were observed whether cells were treated with either agent in G 1 , G 1 -arrest, S, or G 2 . Both compounds induced mitotic non-disjunction and polyploidy. Therefore, even though chlorozotocin is a derivative of streptozotocin, the two compounds elicit very different patterns of kinetic response in susceptible cell populations.
The stresses and strains of tensegrity.

The authors make a compelling case that the system consisting of muscles, bones, and associated connective tissues (MCS)—tendon and fascia included—form a tensegrity structure that provides the med...
A new adsorbent for trace organic analysis in environmental samples

Graphite fluoride has been evaluated as an adsorbent for use in concentrating organic impurities in air and water samples. This material has been shown to yield large breakthrough volumes for most organics and should be useful for trace analysis in environmental chemistry.
Capacity of foetal spinal cord obtained from dystrophic mice (dy2J) to promote muscle regeneration.

RECENTLY Gallup and Dubowitz1 described a series of tissue culture experiments in which they attempted to clarify the part played by the motor neurone in the pathogenesis of murine muscular dystrophy. Bishop et al.2 had shown that muscle explants obtained from human subjects grew normally in Garell flasks. Gallup et al.3 reported similar results with muscle explants of trypsinised minced muscle obtained from dystrophic chick that had been grown in vitro on collagen-coated surfaces in Petri dishes. They were unable to differentiate between cultured normal and dysitrophic muscle. But they reported significant differences between cultures of normal mouse cord with either normal or dystrophic muscle and dystrophic cord with either normal or dysitrophic muscle. When contacted by ventral root neurites from normal spinal cord, the muscle cells of both normal and dystrophic muscle fused to form new fibres with well developed cross striations and peripherally located nuclei. The appearance of both normal and dystrophic muscle coupled with ‘dystrophic’ spinal cord was quite different. The initial cellular regenerative response was followed in most cases by degeneration and disappearance of all muscle elements, leaving only strands of connective tissue. In only three out of thirteen cultures were myotubes formed, and these failed to develop synchronised contractions.
Relationships Among Learning and Attribution Theory Motivational Variables

Among the factors contributing to our incomplete understanding of motivation in elementary school classrooms is that most motivational research is conducted within one of several independent or competing strands, each focused on different variables. This concern was addressed by investigating interrelationships among motivational variables drawn from locus of control (LOC) theory (locus of control, incentive value) and from attribution theory (self-concept of ability, expectancy of success, causal attributions), along with measures of school achievement. The research sample consisted of 423 students in 21 fourth through sixth grade classrooms. Motivational instruments were administered to groups of students in their own classrooms, and achievement data were extracted from existing school files. Correlational and multiple regression analyses yielded limited and partial support for predictions within the LOC and attribution theories, respectively. Analyses of relationships across theories provided some clar...
A True Test: Do Imf Programs Hurt the Poor

This paper uses a fixed-effects model to analyze the effect of IMF programs on poverty with data from 82 countries during 1985 to 2000. Two indicators of poverty, infant mortality rates and the Human Development Index (HDI), are utilized, and the effects of the IMF's concessionary and nonconcessionary programs are investigated, as well as economic and governance factors. The results show that the IMF's programs have no significant direct impact on poverty. Growth and good governance, however, both have significant impacts, lowering infant mortality and increasing the HDI. The Fund's concecessionary programs increase the impact of growth on lowering infant mortality, while the nonconcessionary programs lower the impact of growth on the HDI. We also test for the impact of IMF programs on growth. Concessionary programs have a significant contemporaneous positive effect, while nonconcessionary programs have a significant lagged positive effect.
Pollen Grains of Some American Olacaceae

Abstract The pollen morphology of seven species of Guayana genera is described and a series of photomicrographs and SEM micrographs are presented to illustrate the eurypalynous quality of the family.
Exchange energy, magnetization, and Raman scattering of (Cd,Mn)Se

The exchange-energy parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}{N}_{0}$ for conduction-band electrons in ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Se}$ was determined at $T=1.9$ K for $0.05\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.2$. For this range of $x$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}{N}_{0}$ is independent of $x$ and has the value (258\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5) meV. These results were obtained by comparing Raman scattering data for the spin splitting of donor electrons with magnetization data on the same crystals. The Raman data were obtained for $0.01\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.2$, and the magnetization data were taken for $0.05\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.3$. The magnetization was measured at temperatures $T$ between 1.5 and 4.2 K in magnetic fields $H$ up to 83 kOe. These data were fit to a parametrized Brillouin function. One of the fitting parameters gave an effective concentration ${\overline{x}}_{s}$ of magnetically active ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions. The second fitting parameter ${T}_{0}$ was a measure of the average antiferromagnetic interaction between the Mn spins. The low-field magnetic susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ was fit to a Curie-Weiss law, which yielded the analogous parameters ${\overline{x}}_{C}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{AF}}$ for low fields. As $x$ increased from 0.05 to 0.3, the fraction of magnetically active ions, $\frac{{\overline{x}}_{s}}{x}$, decreased from 0.6 to 0.1, and ${T}_{0}$ increased from 1.5 to 7 K. These trends are caused by the increase in the average antiferromagnetic interaction between the Mn spins as the average distance between them decreases with increasing $x$. Results of spin-flip Raman scattering from donor-bound electrons show that the Zeeman splitting $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ of the donor's energy is large ($\ensuremath{\Delta}E\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10$ meV) for fields above 40 kOe. The splitting $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ is approximately proportional to the magnetization, except at low $H$ where there is an additional contribution due to the difference between the local magnetization within the donor's orbit and the average bulk magnetization. This effect decreases for both increasing $H$ and decreasing $x$.
pH-induced flocculation, indirect electrocoagulation, and hollow fiber filtration techniques for harvesting the saltwater microalga Dunaliella

This research assessed the efficacy of three harvesting methods on a strain of Dunaliella viridis. While there is strong potential to use lipids from microalgae as a feedstock for biofuels to replace petroleum-based fuel, at present microalgal harvesting for biofuel production is not yet economically feasible or energy efficient. pH-induced flocculation (by adjusting the pH of exponentially growing cells), indirect electrocoagulation (applying aluminum hydroxide coagulant to culture), and hollow fiber filtration (separating biomass from medium using tangential flow) were compared as potential harvesting mechanisms for small-scale (3–10 L) and large-scale (30–150 L) volumes of D. viridis. Both pH-induced flocculation and electrocoagulation yielded significant biomass recovery (>95 %), but both methods required removal of added chemicals and/or coagulant before the medium could be reused. In contrast, hollow fiber filtration did not require added chemicals or coagulant, and as another advantage, the filtrate was successfully reused as culture medium without apparent detrimental effects on cell size, cell shape, or cell production. When high salinity stress was imposed on the concentrate produced from the filtration method, total fatty acids (FAs) did not increase. However, total FAs did significantly increase after hollow fiber filtration (49 %) in comparison to FA content before filtration (36 %). This research indicates that hollow fiber filtration as a commercial harvesting mechanism offers attractive advantages as a harvesting mechanism for microalgae such as Dunaliella, relative to pH-induced flocculation and indirect electrocoagulation.
A Community of Practice Model for Introducing Mobile Tablets to University Faculty

We examined the effectiveness of a community of practice (CoP) model for introducing tablets to 139 faculty members at a higher education institution. Using a CoP within a systems model, we used large- and small-group mentorship to foster collaboration among faculty members. Most faculty members agreed that the project was well organized and activities were useful. In terms of measurable outcomes, many participants had developed plans for or completed scholarly activities related to tablets. Our findings support the use of CoP models to integrate technology within higher education. Additionally, they support such integrations as proof of concept for large, whole-campus technology integrations.
H ∞ Control of a State Matrix Model of Closed-loop Supply Chain and its Bullwhip Effect

A state matrix model of a closed-loop supply chain based on remanufacturing is built, which includes two types of inventories: the actual product inventory in a manufacturer and the virtual inventory used by a customer. A new method to quantify the bullwhip effect is presented and described by a l2 norm of the discrete-time transfer function of the closed-loop supply chain which the output is the variance of the expected cost of the manufacturer and the input is the variance of the customer's demand in downstream. It is the minimum of the up-bounded of the bullwhip effect. To reduce the bullwhip effect, applying linear matrix inequality approach, an H∞ control strategy is designed in the worse case that the end customer's demand is the most fluctuation. The essence of the method is that the optimum strategy of the supply chain managements in the worse case. To prove it, a number example is given.
Advanced 3D Poisson solvers and particle-in-cell methods for accelerator modeling

We seek to improve on the conventional FFT-based algorithms for solving the Poisson equation with infinite-domain (open) boundary conditions for large problems in accelerator modeling and related areas. In particular, improvements in both accuracy and performance are possible by combining several technologies: the method of local corrections (MLC); the James algorithm; and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The MLC enables the parallelization (by domain decomposition) of problems with large domains and many grid points. This improves on the FFT-based Poisson solvers typically used as it doesn't require the all-to-all communication pattern that parallel 3d FFT algorithms require, which tends to be a performance bottleneck on current (and foreseeable) parallel computers. In initial tests, good scalability up to 1000 processors has been demonstrated for our new MLC solver. An essential component of our approach is a new version of the James algorithm for infinite-domain boundary conditions for the case of three dimensions. By using a simplified version of the fast multipole method in the boundary-to-boundary potential calculation, we improve on the performance of the Hockney algorithm typically used by reducing the number of grid points by a factor of 8, and the CPU costs by a factor of 3. This is particularly important for large problems where computer memory limits are a consideration. The MLC allows for the use of adaptive mesh refinement, which reduces the number of grid points and increases the accuracy in the Poisson solution. This improves on the uniform grid methods typically used in PIC codes, particularly in beam problems where the halo is large. Also, the number of particles per cell can be controlled more closely with adaptivity than with a uniform grid. To use AMR with particles is more complicated than using uniform grids. It affects depositing particles on the non-uniform grid, reassigning particles when the adaptive grid changes and maintaining the load balance between processors as grids and particles move. New algorithms and software are being developed to solve these problems efficiently. We are using the Chombo AMR software framework as the basis for this work.
July droughts over Homogeneous Indian Monsoon region and Indian Ocean dipole during El Niño events

The monthly summer monsoon rainfall over the Homogeneous Indian Monsoon region (HI) that represents most of the variance of all-India monsoon rainfall is investigated using observational data from 1880 to 2002. Severe droughts in July occur mostly during El Nino events of the boreal summer monsoon season. They occurred frequently in the late 19th to early 20th century, rarely in the middle of the 20th century, and again occasionally occurred after the 1960s. During El Nino events, severe droughts in July over HI are significantly associated with smaller sea surface temperature- (SST) based Indian Ocean Dipole mode index (SSTDMI) in May and July compared to the years without these outstanding events. The evolution of SSTDMI that usually starts around May/June during El Nino events tends to delay when July precipitation over HI is abnormally low. Nino3 values from May through October are not significantly associated with severe droughts over HI in July during El Nino events indicating that the strength of El Nino events is not related to the occurrences of severe droughts in July. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Cyclicity of Vectors with Orbital Limit Points for Backward Shifts

On a separable, infinite dimensional Banach space X, a bounded linear operator T : X → X is said to be hypercyclic, if there exists a vector x in X such that its orbit Orb(T, x) = {x, Tx, T2x, …} is dense in X. In a recent paper (Chan and Seceleanu in J Oper Theory 67:257–277, 2012), it was shown that if a unilateral weighted backward shift has an orbit with a single non-zero limit point, then it possesses a dense orbit, and hence the shift is hypercyclic. However, the orbit with the non-zero limit point may not be dense, and so the vector x inducing the orbit need not be hypercyclic. Motivated by this result, we provide conditions for x to be a cyclic vector.
Thread Divergence and Photon Transport on the GPU (U) - LA-UR-13-27057

Monte Carlo methods are commonly used to solve numerically the particle transport problems. A major disadvantage to Monte Carlo methods is the time required to obtain accurate solutions. Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) have increased in use as accelerators for improving performance in high-performance computing. Extracting the best performance from GPUs places requires careful consideration on code execution and data movement. In particular, performance can be reduced if threads diverge due to branching, and Monte Carlo codes are susceptible to branching penalties. We explore different schemes to reduce thread divergence in photonics transport and report on our performance findings.