cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma of the Breast with Concurrent IGH-BCL2 and MYC-IGL Translocations in an Adolescent Patient

BCL2 and MYC are oncogenes often deregulated in lymphomas. Concurrent IGH-BCL2 and MYC translocations result in a highly aggressive behavior of these tumors. Both primary breast lymphoma and lymphoma with concurrent BCL2-IGH and MYC translocations are rare and are primarily seen in adult patients. As a result of limited clinician experience and the condition's rarity, it poses a great challenge to pediatric pathologists and oncologists in terms of making an accurate diagnosis and choosing better treatment regimens. In this article, we report a case of an adolescent patient who presented with high-grade breast lymphoma with concurrent BCL2-IGH and MYC-IGL translocations, and we review the clinical, pathological, and genetic features; management strategies; and outcomes associated with this unusual neoplasm.
On the densities of some sequences

Abstract The primary objective of this paper is to extend the results of N. Romanoff (Math. Ann. 109, 1934, 668–678) in the following way: If Λ1 and Λ2 are fixed Gaussian integers with Λ24 = 1, and |λ 1 − λ 1 2 +4λ 2 | ≠|λ 1 + λ 1 2 +4λ 2 | then {π + φn} has positive density in Z [i], where π ranges over the Gaussian primes, and φ0 = 0, φ1 = 1, φn + 2 = Λ1φn + 1 + Λ2φn. Similar results are obtained in the domain Z [ω], where ω = exp ( 2πi 3 ) . Our methods are elementary. In the opposite direction, we show that the positive density of {π + φn} cannot be derived from density considerations alone.
A standard local coordinate system for multipole refinements of the estrogen core structure

A comparative charge density study on a series of estrogen derivatives has been initiated. The study utilizes the Hansen-Coppens atom-centred multipole model to describe the valence electron density distribution. Direct comparison of the population parameters for each estrogen after the respective multipole refinements requires standardization of the atom-centred local coordinate systems. Such a standard coordinate system for the common estrogen core is reported, taking advantage of the shape of those multipoles which have the spatial characteristics of sp 2 and sp 3 hybrid orbitals. Additionally, populating these principal multipoles at the beginning stage of the refinements improves the stability of these large highly correlated calculations.
LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF RETINAL AND ITS PROTONATED AND UNPROTONATED n-BUTYLAMINE SCHIFF BASE

—The pulsed ruby laser (347 nm) flash photolysis technique has been used to measure the triplet-triplet absorption spectra and triplet lifetimes of trans -retinal, N-frans-retinylidene-n -butylamine (NRBA), and protonated NRBA (NRBAH+) at room temperature. In methylcyclohexane solution, the triplet lifetimes are in the range 10–20 μs and decrease in the order NRBAH+ > NRBA > trans -retinal. Intersy stem-crossing efficiencies (φISC) were determined by a comparison technique using anthracene and 1,2-benzanthracene as reference compounds. For trans -retinal, φISC is 0–50 pM 0–05 in methylcyclohexane and 0–08 in methanol, which confirms that earlier values of 0–11 and 0–017 in these solvents are in error. For NRBA and NRBAH+ in methylcyclohexane, ΦISC values are 0008 and < 0–001, respectively. Evidence is presented for a significant solvent effect in the isomerization of retinal via the triplet state, and that cisφtrans isomerization occurs from the triplet state of NRBAH+. The relation between the intersystem-crossing properties of model compounds and the photochemistry of rhodopsin is discussed.
Patients who endorse more binge eating triggers before gastric bypass lose less weight at 6 months.

Abstract Background Patients presenting for gastric bypass surgery often demonstrate binge eating behaviors. The present study sought to determine whether binge eating triggers are predictive of weight loss outcomes in bariatric surgery patients at 6 months postoperatively in the setting of a university hospital. Methods A total of 48 patients presenting for gastric bypass surgery at an academic medical center in the Southeastern United States and who had returned for the 6-month follow-up visit were included in the present study. The patients were mostly women (85%), white (71%), and middle-aged (mean age 47 years), with an average weight of 100.9 kg. The patients completed the Inventory of Binge Eating Situations at baseline, and weight loss outcomes were assessed at 6 months. Weight loss success was indexed using 2 methods: the percentage of excess weight lost (continuous variable) and whether the patient was on track with their weight loss as defined by a ≥50% excess weight loss (dichotomous variable). Results A significant negative correlation ( r = −.31, P = .03) was found between the preoperative Inventory of Binge Eating Situations scores and the percentage of excess weight loss at 6 months after gastric bypass surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that "on track" status at 6 months was predicted by the Inventory of Binge Eating Situations score at baseline (Wald chi-square = 3.97, df = 1, P = .046). Conclusion Careful assessment of binge eating situations could serve as a potential predictor of poor weight loss outcomes in patients seeking gastric bypass surgery. These findings support the baseline assessment of binge eating triggers and future research to examine the effectiveness of interventions for coping with binge eating triggers for gastric bypass surgery patients.
Nuclear Weapons and Anticipatory Attacks: Implications for Russia and the United States

Anticipatory attacks come in two forms. Preemptive attacks are first strikes based on the assumption that the opponent has already set an attack in motion or is about to, and the purpose of the preemption is to mitigate or neutralize the effect of the enemy’s move. Preventive wars, on the other hand, are undertaken to preclude a threatening power from increasing its capabilities relative to ours, assuming that smaller differences in power will lead the challenger to become more risk acceptant. With respect to nuclear weapons, deterrence is intended to preclude both preemptive and preventive attacks, although the former is judged to be more likely than the latter. Leaders authorizing a nuclear preemption would need to have high confidence about the intentions as well as the capabilities of the other state, and the requirements for fine-grained intelligence would be considerable, prior to any actual launch of delivery systems. Seeing into the other side’s world view, regardless of its apparent rationality o...
Payment for Pap smears.

To the Editors: The article by Eddy (1) affirming that a Pap smear once every 3 years can reduce a woman's risk for dying from cervical cancer by 90% was extremely interesting. Many of us who have ...
Finfish health in the United States (1609–1969): historical perspective, pioneering researchers and fish health workers, and annotated bibliography

The importance of fish health studies prior to the 1970s is largely ignored by US fish health investigators. This is because today's literature searches rarely obtain research information prior to 1970. The absence of this earlier literature can result in the duplication of research efforts and missing data that could change the course of a scientific investigation. This is particularly true for studies in fish parasitology. Much of the descriptive literature done between 1900 and 1950 is still valid today and may be the only work available for reference. Older data is also important to understanding disease origin and disease etiology. Information on diseased fish from the geographic region, now known as the United States of America, was first recorded in about 1609 when Captain John Smith described a fish kill. In the 19th century, more than 250 pieces of literature written by US investigators were retrieved that described diseases and parasites of fish. After 1899, only the studies of more prominent fish health specialists, as determined by publication records, have been highlighted. In general, this review documents the development of fish health studies in the US. It serves as a historical document, but more importantly as a resource of older works important to today's scientific studies.
Echocardiographic Quantification of Regional Left Ventricular Wall Motion With Color Kinesis

Background Color kinesis is a new technology for the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular wall motion based on acoustic quantification. This technique automatically detects endocardial motion in real time by using integrated backscatter data to identify pixel transitions from blood to tissue during systole on a frame-by-frame basis. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of quantitative segmental analysis of color kinesis images to provide objective evaluation of regional systolic endocardial motion. Methods and Results Two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained in the short-axis and apical four-chamber views in 20 normal subjects and 40 patients with regional wall motion abnormalities. End-systolic color overlays superimposed on the gray scale images were obtained with color kinesis to color encode left ventricular endocardial motion throughout systole on a frame-by-frame basis. These color-encoded images were divided into segments by use of custom software. In each segme...
Project 1990: Educational Planning at the Metropolitan Level.

Abstract The fragmentation of metropolitan areas into large numbers of relatively small school districts has rendered long range educational planning highly unreliable when conducted at the district level. This article discusses a cooperative planning venture which was undertaken by the forty school districts in the Buffalo, New York metropolitan area. The planning organization is described and the general procedures for making student population projections, expenditure projections and revenue projections are reported. Although the article focuses on methodology, findings of general interest are reported including organizational alternatives which were generated. The project was financed with funds appropriated under Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
Multiple Opinion Climates in Online Forums Role of Website Source Reference and Within-Forum Opinion Congruency

Through the Spiral of Silence framework, this study examines the online opinion climate effect on individual willingness to post messages in forums, using a 2 × 2 experiment manipulating website source (mainstream news/ideologically homogeneous activist group) and opinion congruency (minority/majority opinion). Individuals’ willingness to post was affected only by their opinion congruency with those expressed in forums. Analysis revealed instances of individuals “speaking up” as compared to “speaking out.” Other deterrents to willingness to post were also uncovered.
The Structure of Formaldehyde-Inhibited Xanthine Oxidase Determined by 35 GHz 2H ENDOR Spectroscopy

The formaldehyde-inhibited Mo(V) state of xanthine oxidase (I) has been studied for four decades, yet it has not proven possible to distinguish unequivocally among the several structures proposed f...
Estimating fractional land cover in semi-arid central Kalahari: the impact of mapping method (spectral unmixing vs. object-based image analysis) and vegetation morphology

Focusing on the central Kalahari, this study utilized fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation (fPV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (fNPV) and bare soil (fBS), derived in situ and estimated from GeoEye-1 imagery using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) to determine superior method for fractional cover estimation and the impact of vegetation morphology on the estimation accuracy. MESMA mapped fractional cover by testing endmember models of varying complexity. Based on OBIA, image was segmented at five segmentation scales followed by classification. MESMA provided more accurate fractional cover estimates than OBIA. The increasing segmentation scale in OBIA resulted in a consistent increase in error. Different vegetation morphology types showed varied responses to the changing segmentation scale, reflecting their unique ecology and physiognomy. While areas under woody cover produced lower error even at coarse segmentation scales, those with herbac...
Is the time domain signal‐averaged electrocardiogram helpful in patients with ventricular tachycardia without apparent structural heart disease?

The signal-average electrocardiogram (SAECG) has been a screening method for identifying patients at risk for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the setting of coronary artery disease (CAD). Its significance in patients with VT unrelated to CAD or left ventricular dysfunction is undetermined. In order to define the value of SAECG in this patient population further, we compared the time domain SAECG at 25, 40, and 80 Hz filters in 35 patients with clinically symptomatic VT in the absence of structural heart disease was compared with 10 normal controls and 10 patients with CAD and inducible VT. SAECG data in patients without structural heart disease were intermediate between normal controls and patients with CAD. No single or combined SAECG criterion helped to differentiate between patients with inducible and noninducible VT. There was no concordance to other arrhythmia testing. It was concluded that signal-averaged electrocardiography may have little screening value in VT unrelated to CAD or left ventricular dysfunction.
Transcriptional enhancement of RT-PCR for rapid and sensitive detection of Noroviruses

Previously reported nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) primers specific for the GII Noroviruses were adapted for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and detection sensitivity was then enhanced by a subsequent in vitro transcription of the RT-PCR amplicons. The NASBA-derived primers performed comparably to other broadly reactive GII Norovirus primers with respect to detection limits (i.e. 1 RT-PCR amplifiable unit (RT-PCRU) per reaction). Detection limits improved by approximately 1 log10 to 0.3 RT-PCRU per reaction when transcriptional enhancement and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) hybridization followed RT-PCR. The method shows promise for improved detection sensitivity in instances where very low levels of virus contamination might be anticipated.
Phase and power flow along printed-circuit tensor impedance surfaces

The directions of phase and power flow along printed-circuit tensor impedance surfaces are examined. Such surfaces consist of a subwavelength patterned metallic cladding over a grounded dielectric substrate, with the cladding modelled by an anisotropic tensor sheet impedance/admittance. Using an appropriately rotated coordinate system, simple closed-form expressions for the power flow direction are obtained by calculating the Poynting vector. The direction of power flow is first expressed in terms of the ratio of two normal field components. The ratio is then evaluated by using an eigenvalue equation. The proposed analytical procedure will be useful in synthesizing anisotropic, inhomogeneous printed-circuit tensor impedance surfaces.
Sleep disruption, oxidative stress, and aging: new insights from fruit flies.

It is now well established that sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster shares many key characteristics with mammalian sleep (1, 2) (Fig. 1). As in mammals, sleep in Drosophila (i) consists of periods of sustained quiescence associated with an increased arousal threshold; (ii) is modulated by stimulants such as caffeine (2), modafinil (3), and amphetamines (4) and by hypnotics such as antihistamines (2); (iii) is associated with changes in brain activity (5); and (iv) is characterized by changes in the expression of hundreds of genes (6). Drosophila sleep, like mammalian sleep, also shows both a circadian and a homeostatic regulation. Flies, like humans, are diurnal animals, and their circadian system is responsible for consolidating most of their sleep during the night (1, 2). The homeostatic system is responsible for the fact that the longer the waking period is, the longer and more intense the subsequent sleep period is (7). In flies, like in mammals, the duration of sleep increases after sleep deprivation, and the amount of sleep recovered depends on prior time awake (8). The intensity of sleep also increases after sleep loss, and sleep becomes less fragmented, i.e., the number of brief awakenings during the night decreases, whereas the duration of each sleep …
Object size dependency of noise strength and correlation patterns for TOF and non-TOF PET

We investigate noise strength and correlation length tradeoffs for non time-of-flight (TOF) and TOF penalized likelihood image reconstruction as functions of object size and imaging system timing resolution. We show that for non-TOF imaging, noise correlation lengths have a strong dependence on object size. When smoothing parameters are varied to match correlation lengths among different sized objects, noise levels differ greatly. Since TOF-PET is a better conditioned reconstruction problem compared to the non-TOF case and mostly benefits larger objects, we investigate whether TOF is able to reduce the object size dependency of noise strength and correlation lengths. Through analytic expressions and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that as the timing resolution improves, noise correlation lengths in larger objects are shortened and it becomes possible to reduce their dependence on object size. Noise texture across the body is therefore more uniform with TOF-PET whole body imaging compared to non-TOF imaging.
Do all patients with abnormal intraoperative cholangiogram merit endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is commonly used for postoperative evaluation of an abnormal intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC). Although a normal IOC is very suggestive of a disease-free common bile duct (CBD), abnormal studies are associated with high false-positive rates. This study aimed to identify a subset of patients with abnormal IOC who would benefit from a postoperative ERCP. This prospective study investigated 51 patients with abnormal IOC at laparoscopic cholecystectomy who underwent postoperative ERCP at two tertiary referral centers over a 3-year period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of CBD stones at postoperative ERCP. For all 51 patients, ERCP was successful. The ERCP showed CBD stones in 33 cases (64.7%), and normal results in 18 cases (35.2%). On univariate analysis, abnormal liver function tests (p < 0.0001) as well as IOC findings of a large CBD stone (p = 0.03), multiple stones (p = 0.01), and a dilated CBD (p = 0.07) predicted the presence of retained stones at postoperative ERCP. However, on multivariable analysis, only abnormal liver function tests correlated with the presence of CBD stones (p < 0.0001). One-third of patients with an abnormal IOC have a normal postoperative ERCP. Elevated liver function tests can help to identify patients who merit further evaluation by ERCP. The use of less invasive methods such as endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography should be considered for patients with normal liver function tests to minimize unnecessary ERCPs.
Southern analysis for detection of CAG repeat expansions associated with dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy

Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of an unstable, tandemly repeated trinucleotide sequence, (CAG)n, in a novel gene on human chromosome 12p12-pter. Molecular diagnosis of DRPLA uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and characterize the number of CAG repeats carried by individuals. The PCR analysis is fairly straightforward when two alleles are identified. However, when only a single allele is observed, it is difficult to know whether the sample is homozygous or whether there was failure to amplify the second allele. We describe a Southern analysis for detection of the DRPLA CAG repeat, providing an independent method for the assessment of expanded alleles.
Hippocampal NGF levels are not reduced in the aged Fischer 344 rat

The sympathetic sprouting response that occurs in the rat hippocampal formation following septal denervation is reduced in aged rats. Since considerable evidence implicates NGF-like activity in eliciting the sprouting, the simplest explanation for the age-related decline in sympathetic sprouting is a reduction in hippocampal NGF levels. In the present study, hippocampal NGF levels were measured using a 2-site ELISA in four different age groups of Fischer 344 rats. There was no decline in NGF levels with age, nor did we find any differences between male and female rats. This contradicts an earlier report in which a 40% reduction in hippocampal NGF protein levels was found in aged rats. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. The present results do not support the hypothesis that the age-related decline in sympathetic sprouting is due to a reduction in total hippocampal NGF levels.
Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues of large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1.

Abstract The large neutral amino acid transporter type 1, LAT1, is the principal neutral amino acid transporter expressed at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Owing to the high affinity (low Km) of the LAT1 isoform, BBB amino acid transport in vivo is very sensitive to transport competition effects induced by hyperaminoacidemias, such as phenylketonuria. The low Km of LAT1 is a function of specific amino acid residues, and the transporter is comprised of 12 phylogenetically conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. LAT1 is highly sensitive to inhibition by inorganic mercury, but the specific cysteine residue(s) of LAT1 that account for the mercury sensitivity is not known. LAT1 forms a heterodimer with the 4F2hc heavy chain, which are joined by a disulfide bond between Cys160 of LAT1 and Cys110 of 4F2hc. The present studies use site-directed mutagenesis to convert each of the 12 cysteines of LAT1 and each of the 2 cysteines of 4F2hc into serine residues. Mutation of the cysteine residues of the 4F2hc heavy chain of the hetero-dimeric transporter did not affect transporter activity. The wild type LAT1 was inhibited by HgCl2 with a Ki of 0.56 ± 0.11 μM. The inhibitory effect of HgCl2 for all 12 LAT1 Cys mutants was examined. However, except for the C439S mutant, the inhibition by HgCl2 for 11 of the 12 Cys mutants was comparable to the wild type transporter. Mutation of only 2 of the 12 cysteine residues of the LAT1 light chain, Cys88 and Cys439, altered amino acid transport. The Vmax was decreased 50% for the C88S mutant. A kinetic analysis of the C439S mutant could not be performed because transporter activity was not significantly above background. Confocal microscopy showed the C439S LAT1 mutant was not effectively transferred to the oocyte plasma membrane. These studies show that the Cys439 residue of LAT1 plays a significant role in either folding or insertion of the transporter protein in the plasma membrane.
MAPPING HYDROTHERMALLY ALTERED ROCKS ON MOUNT RAINIER, WASHINGTON, WITH AIRBORNE VISIBLE/INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER (AVIRIS) DATA

Mount Rainier has produced numerous Holocene debris flows, the largest of which contain clays and other minerals derived from hydrothermally altered rocks on the volcano’s edifice. Imagery from an advanced airborne sensor was used to map altered rocks at Mount Rainier and demonstrates their distinctly nonuniform distribution. The mapping of altered rocks helps to identify edifice failure surfaces and to recognize the source areas for the largest debris flow events. Remote sensing methods like those used at Mount Rainier can enhance ground-based mapping efforts and should prove useful for rapidly identifying hazardous sectors at other volcanoes.
Using particle-in-cell simulations to model femtosecond pulse laser damage

We present the first fundamental simulation method for the determination of crater morphology from femtosecond-pulse laser damage. To this end we have adapted the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method for use in the study of laser damage, and developed the first implementation of a pair-potential for PIC codes. We discuss how the PIC method is a complementary approach to modeling laser damage, bridging the gap between fully ab-initio molecular dynamics approaches and empirical models. We demonstrate our method by modeling a femtosecond-pulse laser incident on a flat copper slab, for a range of intensities.
Theoretical Considerations for Research on Environmental Stress and Health

Research on hospital noise may have implications for the usefulness of stress theory as a framework for the study of environmental stress and stress-related health outcomes. In this article, the results of hospital noise research are described. It is argued that noise-induced stress in hospitals is largely uncontrollable by individual coping and that stress theory may therefore need to be supplemented for the reduction of reactivity. Three concepts are proposed for this purpose. Primary among these is an intervention concept--enhancement of person-environment compatibility. Others are ongoing societal and technological development, and intrinsic sensitivity to specific stressors in the environment. Future research should attempt to reveal whether these concepts are consistently effective in the management of hospital noise and other environmental stressors.
Trapped electrons in Ganymede's magnetic field

The NASA Galileo satellite encountered the Jovian moon Ganymede on 7 May 1997. The Energetic Particles Detector (EPD) measured energetic electron pitch angle distributions characteristic of closed magnetic field lines. Significantly different from distributions observed during other encounters with Ganymede, they displayed loss cone features near both 0° and 180° pitch angles and an additional minimum near 90° pitch angle. These double loss cone, butterfly distributions are characteristic signatures of particles drifting in a distorted magnetic field configuration. Distortions due to the flow of Jovian plasma past Ganymede qualitatively could account for the observed distributions. Electron injection could then occur either through the equatorial downstream hemisphere or at low Ganymede altitudes on high-latitude Ganymede-Jovian field lines adjacent to the closed field line region. The data indicate maximum injection efficiences of 1–10%.
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES

The U.S. mental health service delivery system consists of a broad array of inpatient and ambulatory services operated under governmental, corporate, nonprofit, and entrepreneurial auspices. Granted this complex mixture of control patterns, a primary question to be addressed by this paper is the degree to which this set of services can be conceptualized as a system at any level of social organization beyond a single control point for a subset of services. This paper will also explore the utility of systems formulations, including cybernetic processes, for addressing the question of whether mental health services can be controlled and directed to such a degree that they act in concert across different control points. Reference will be made to exogenous systems, such as public and private reimbursement programs, that may influence control processes. Some directions for future research will also be explored.
A representative time‐series for the Southern Hemisphere zonal wave 1

[1] Recent studies show that an ENSO component of west Antarctic climate variability is related to a persistent zonal pressure anomaly in the south Pacific, which in turn is related to the zonal wave 1 of the subpolar atmospheric circulation. In order to promote further investigation into its dynamics, a suite of time series are presented that describe the intensity and location of ZW1. These time series are shown to represent the SH zonally asymmetric circulation reasonably well. Analysis of the time series suggests that, consistent with previous research, there was a poleward and eastward shift in ZW1 over the late 20th Century. There was also an increase in amplitude variance over this period. Cross-correlation confirms a link with ENSO, and suggests a link between the subtropical and subpolar ZW1. Results also indicate a significant local interaction between south Pacific sea surface temperature and the intensity and location of ZW1.
Standards and Functions of Museums

â"œW. P. P.â” is in error in his article on the “Standards and Functions of Museums,” which appeared in NATURE for September 23, when he says that the Department of Public Health in the American Museum of Natural History answers to no more than one aspect of the Department of Economic Zoology of the British Museum of Natural History, that which concerns the organisms injurious to man.
The taxonomic status of hibiscus (sect. Furcaria) berberidifolius A. Rich. (Malvaceae)

This paper provides a description and a distribution map for the diploid (2n=36)H. berberidifolius A. Rich. (of sect.Furcaria), endemic to the mountain ranges associated with the Rift Valley of East Africa. It also compares salient morphological features of this species with those of the allo-octoploid (n=72) H. diversifolius Jacq., to which it has sometimes been subordinated as var.witteanus Hochr.
On the stability and performance of discrete event methods for simulating continuous systems

This paper establishes a link between the stability of a first order, explicit discrete event integration scheme and the stability criteria for the explicit Euler method. The paper begins by constructing a time-varying linear system with bounded inputs that is equivalent to the first order discrete event integration scheme. The stability of the discrete event system is shown to result from the fact that it automatically adjusts its time advance to lie below the limit set by the explicit Euler stability criteria. Moreover, because it is not necessary to update all integrators at this rate, a significant performance advantage is possible. Our results confirm and explain previously reported studies where it is demonstrated that a reduced number of updates can provide a significant performance advantage compared to fixed step methods. These results also throw some light on stability requirements for discrete event simulation of spatially extended systems.
Comparison of Two U.S. Power-Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions Data Sets

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Environmental Science & Technology 42 (2008): 5688-5693, doi:10.1021/es800221q.
A REALIST SOCIAL THEORY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Rose, Jones and Truex (2005) (RST) call for a re -examination of the relationship between the IT artefact and the organization. This paper responds to that call. It first recognizes that existing approaches such as structuration theory (ST) and act or-network theory (ANT) have difficulties accommodating information systems within organizations and thus create issues in analyzing the relationship between agencies and information systems. To address these deficiencies, this paper suggests that the real ist Morphogenetic Social Theory (MST) be adopted. The paper summarizes Rose, Jones and Truex (2005), highlights issues with ST and ANT, then gives an introduction to MST. Then, it extends MST by adding a typology of technological artefacts and placing them within MST. Finally, the paper shows how MST explains information system development and implementation activities.
Migraine Mistakes: Error Awareness

Error awareness or detection is the conscious and subconscious processing to evaluate physiological signals that are different from a baseline or homeostatic level. Migraine is a unique neurological disorder in which there are repeated attacks interspersed by attack-free periods. These attacks are dynamic and multidimensional in the sense that sensory, affective, autonomic, and cognitive functions are altered and these changes evolve differently before (pre-ictal), during (ictal), and immediately after (post-ictal) an attack. Thus migraine serves as a model disease to understand how the brain monitors and react to the presence of errors.
Improved Medium for Detection of Citrate-Fermenting Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis

A modified medium which distinguished between citrate-fermenting and non-citrate-fermenting species of lactic streptococci within 48 h was developed. In addition, the occurrence of citrate-negative variants in citrate-positive populations of Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis could be detected. Images
Acetylation of Dna2 Endonuclease/Helicase and Flap Endonuclease 1 by p300 Promotes DNA Stability by Creating Long Flap Intermediates

Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and Dna2 endonuclease/helicase (Dna2) sequentially coordinate their nuclease activities for efficient resolution of flap structures that are created during the maturation of Okazaki fragments and repair of DNA damage. Acetylation of FEN1 by p300 inhibits its endonuclease activity, impairing flap cleavage, a seemingly undesirable effect. We now show that p300 also acetylates Dna2, stimulating its 5′–3′ endonuclease, the 5′–3′ helicase, and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. Furthermore, acetylated Dna2 binds its DNA substrates with higher affinity. Differential regulation of the activities of the two endonucleases by p300 indicates a mechanism in which the acetylase promotes formation of longer flaps in the cell at the same time as ensuring correct processing. Intentional formation of longer flaps mediated by p300 in an active chromatin environment would increase the resynthesis patch size, providing increased opportunity for incorrect nucleotide removal during DNA replication and damaged nucleotide removal during DNA repair. For example, altering the ratio between short and long flap Okazaki fragment processing would be a mechanism for better correction of the error-prone synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase α.
Exercise Elevates Dopamine D2 Receptor in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: In Vivo Imaging with [18F]Fallypride

The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in dopamine D2 receptor (DA-D2R) expression within the basal ganglia of MPTP mice subjected to intensive treadmill exercise. Using Western immunoblotting analysis of synapto- neurosomes and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging employing the DA-D2R specific ligand ( 18 F)fallypride, we found that high intensity treadmill exercise led to an increase in striatal DA-D2R expression that was most pronounced in MPTP compared to saline treated mice. Exercise-induced changes in the DA-D2R in the dopamine-depleted basal ganglia are consistent with the potential role of this receptor in modulat- ing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) function and behavioral recovery. Importantly, findings from this study support the ra- tionale for using PET imaging with ( 18 F)fallypride to examine DA-D2R changes in individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) undergoing high-intensity treadmill training. 2010 Move- ment Disorder Society
Evaluation of hepatic injury arising during fluconazole therapy.

Previous reports have described hepatotoxicity associated with ketoconazole therapy. There is also concern that therapy with fluconazole might cause the same side effect as ketoconazole. We describe two patients who developed unexplained liver test abnormalities after beginning fluconazole therapy. To determine whether fluconazole might have been responsible, liver biopsies were performed. Specimens from both patients demonstrated an absence of hepatocyte necrosis, which, if present, would have necessitated discontinuation of fluconazole therapy. A critical review of other case reports of fluconazole-associated hepatitis also failed to produce a consistent picture. Our experience indicates that a liver biopsy may be useful in selected patients to exclude clinically relevant hepatotoxicity due to fluconazole therapy and to allow its continued use. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:102-104)
MUSE: robust surface fitting using unbiased scale estimates

Despite many successful applications of robust statistics, they have yet to be completely adapted to many computer vision problems. Range reconstruction, particularly in unstructured environments, requires a robust estimator that not only tolerates a large outlier percentage but also tolerates several discontinuities, extracting multiple surfaces in an image region. Observing that random outliers and/or points from across discontinuities increase a hypothesized fit's scale estimate (standard deviation of the noise), our new operator; called MUSE (Minimum Unbiased Scale Estimator), evaluates a hypothesized fit over potential inlier sets via an objective function of unbiased scale estimates. MUSE extracts the single best fit from the data by minimizing its objective function over a set of hypothesized fits and can sequentially extract multiple surfaces from an image region. We show MUSE to be effective on synthetic data modelling small scale discontinuities and in preliminary experiments on complicated range data.
Resident attitudes in a mature destination: the case of Waikiki

Abstract Sustainable tourism cannot be successfully implemented without the involvement of those affected by tourism. Therefore, evaluating residents’ attitudes towards tourism and involving them in as many aspects of development is an important step in creating sustainability. This paper summarizes work already done on resident inputs to the planning process and discusses the development and status of Waikiki, in the state of Hawaii, USA as a destination. Waikiki is one of the world's premier resort destinations serving both as a resort and residential area. It currently faces stagnating visitor arrivals and increased revitalization efforts, commonly typified by mature destinations. Recommendations for Waikiki's continued vitality are given based on a survey of Waikiki residents’ attitudes towards the redevelopment of their community. Results indicate residents’ close affinity towards Waikiki and favorable attitudes towards tourism. It is suggested that revitalization efforts be directed to residents’ desire for an improved pedestrian environment and adherence to their revealed preferences. Residents’ close attachment to Waikiki infers the need for resident endorsement of revitalization efforts.
Effects of green tea catechins on gramicidin channel function and inferred changes in bilayer properties

Green tea's health benefits have been attributed to its major polyphenols, the catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and epicatechin (EC). Catechins (especially EGCG) modulate a wide range of biologically important molecules, including many membrane proteins. Yet, little is known about their mechanism(s) of action. We tested the catechins' bilayer-modifying potency using gramicidin A (gA) channels as molecular force probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency (EGCG>ECG≫EGC>EC). Additionally, the gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions (flickers).
Autobiographical memory functioning among abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children: the overgeneral memory effect

Background: This investigation addresses whether there are differences in the form and content of autobiographical memory recall as a function of maltreatment, and examines the roles of self-system functioning and psychopathology in autobiographical memory processes. Methods: Autobiographical memory for positive and negative nontraumatic events was evaluated among abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated school-aged children. Results: Abused children’s memories were more overgeneral and contained more negative self-representations than did those of the nonmaltreated children. Negative self-representations and depression were significantly related to overgeneral memory, but did not mediate the relation between abuse and overgeneral memory. Conclusions: The meaning of these findings for models of memory and for the development of overgenerality is emphasized. Moreover, the clinical implications of the current research are discussed.
Estimates of isothermal bulk moduli for group iva crystals with the zincblende structure

Abstract By equating the differential changes in macroscopic work of compression and potential energy for group IVA crystals of the zincblende structure we have obtained an expression for the isothermal bulk modulus as a function of pressure. The model used for the potential energy for these covalent crystals is that of distinct nearest-neighbor bonds with force constants taken directly from the molecular series X 2 H 6 and XYH 6 . We calculate this isothermal bulk modulus in the limit of zero external pressure to be 4070 (4420, 5450, 5600), 1060 (970·8, 988), 960 (712, 724·3, 771·7), 720±50 (?) and 2240 (?) kbar for diamond, Si, Ge, sn (α, gray), and SiC (β, cubic) respectively, with experimental data in parentheses. It would seem that the value for α-Sn lies in the range 400–800 kbar, while that for β-SiC may not differ much from the calculated one. The treatment of a zincblende structure covalent crystal as a giant molecule for purposes of estimating low pressure isothermal bulk moduli is thus fairly satisfactory. For extending the moduli to higher pressures it suffers a serious defect as the (dimensionless) pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus in the limit of zero pressure turns out to be 1·0 for all covalent solids regardless of the number of bound neighboring atoms, compared to e.g. 4·16 and 4·35 for Si and Ge.
A sum characterization of hidden regular variation with likelihood inference via expectation-maximization

A fundamental deficiency of classical multivariate extreme value theory is the inability to distinguish between asymptotic independence and exact independence. In this work, we examine multivariate threshold modelling in the framework of regular variation on cones. Tail dependence is described by a limiting measure, which in some cases is degenerate on joint tail regions despite strong subasymptotic dependence in such regions. Hidden regular variation, a higher-order tail decay on these regions, offers a refinement of the classical theory. We develop a representation of random vectors possessing hidden regular variation as the sum of independent regular varying components. The representation is shown to be asymptotically valid via a multivariate tail equivalence result. We develop a likelihood-based estimation procedure from this representation via a Monte Carlo expectation-maximization algorithm which has been modified for tail estimation. The method is demonstrated on simulated data and applied to air pollution measurements.
Differences in Skills Reported by Construction Professionals who use BIM/VDC

The use of Building Information Modeling or Virtual Design and Construction (BIM/VDC) in construction is prompting cultural change in the construction industry. This research presents differences in self-perceived skill level between construction workers whose duties include the use of BIM/VDC and those whose duties do not. Further breakdown of results is presented for women and men across such job duties. Existing literature was analyzed to synthesize a list of 36 skills applicable to construction management professionals. Data from 122 survey respondents of construction management professionals across the United States was collected and analyzed. Findings suggest that differences in skill-sets exist in construction professionals between those who do and do not use BIM/VDC. Results identify14 skills across four competency categories that may be related to the use of BIM/VDC: five for both men and women, with an additional six for women only and three for men only.
Silicon evaluation of logic proximity bridge patterns

Logic proximity bridge (LPB) patterns were proposed as an alternative to realistic bridge and n-detect patterns based on simulation studies. Here, silicon evaluation of logic proximity bridge patterns, on a mobile chipset product, is presented. Results show these patterns to significantly increase the class scan fallout above and beyond stuck-at patterns, consisting of single load and multi-load patterns, with very high stuck-at fault coverage. In addition it points to the usefulness of generating ATPG patterns using multiple fault models, LPB faults being one of them.
Implications for Policy to Support Healthy Weight for Women

Worldwide, obesity rates have more than doubled during the past three decades. Women experience twice the obesity prevalence as men, and women of color, with less education, and in lower income levels disproportionately affected. Obesity and its comorbidities result in considerable economic burdens for the individual and society. Given the widespread prevalence of obesity, the potential effect on individual and population health, and associated costs, policy solutions targeting obesity prevention and interventions must be explored.
Changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane profile induced by enzyme phosphorylation to E1 approximately P at 16 A resolution via time-resolved x-ray diffraction

Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane have provided the difference electron density profile for the SR membrane for which the Ca2+ ATPase is transiently trapped exclusively in the first phosphorylated intermediate state, E1 approximately P, in absence of detectable enzyme turnover vs. that before ATP-initiated phosphorylation of the enzyme. These diffraction studies, which utilized the flash-photolysis of caged ATP, were performed at temperatures between 0 and -2 degrees C and with a time-resolution of 2–5 s. Analogous time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of the SR membrane at 7–8 degrees C with a time resolution of 0.2–0.5 s have previously provided the difference electron density profile for the SR membrane for which the Ca2+ ATPase is only predominately in the first phosphorylated intermediate state under conditions of enzyme turnover vs. that before enzyme phosphorylation. The two difference profiles, compared at the same low resolution (approximately 40 A), are qualitatively similar but nevertheless contain some distinctly different features and have therefore been analyzed via a step-function model analysis. This analysis was based on the refined step-function models for the two different electron density profiles obtained independently from x-ray diffraction studies at higher resolution (16–17 A) of the SR membrane before enzyme phosphorylation at 7.5 and -2 degrees C. The step-function model analysis indicated that the low resolution difference profiles derived from both time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments arise from a net movement of Ca2+ ATPase protein mass from the outer monolayer to the inner monolayer of the SR membrane lipid bilayer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Closed-loop control of cellular functions using combinatory drugs guided by a stochastic search algorithm

A mixture of drugs is often more effective than using a single effector. However, it is extremely challenging to identify potent drug combinations by trial and error because of the large number of possible combinations and the inherent complexity of the underlying biological network. With a closed-loop optimization modality, we experimentally demonstrate effective searching for potent drug combinations for controlling cellular functions through a large parametric space. Only tens of iterations out of one hundred thousand possible trials were needed to determine a potent combination of drugs for inhibiting vesicular stomatitis virus infection of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In addition, the drug combination reduced the required dosage by ≈10-fold compared with individual drugs. In another example, a potent mixture was identified in thirty iterations out of a possible million combinations of six cytokines that regulate the activity of nuclear factor kappa B in 293T cells. The closed-loop optimization approach possesses the potential of being an effective approach for manipulating a wide class of biological systems.