cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consumer Response To Gay and Lesbian Imagery: How Product Type and Stereotypes Affect Consumers' Perceptions

ABSTRACT Gay and lesbian consumers increasingly are recognized as a lucrative target market. Advertisements more frequently incorporate images of gay and lesbian people; however, more research is needed to understand mainstream (heterosexual) consumer response to these advertisements. The current authors conducted three studies to explore how sexual orientation, product type, and model–product fit influence consumer reactions to advertisements with gay and lesbian imagery. Findings suggest product type moderates the effect of sexual orientation on attitude toward the advertisement and word of mouth, and that positive evaluations of an advertisement may occur when gay and lesbian imagery “fits” within consumers9 existing schemas. This work offers implications for advertisers and brand managers.
Still a Hetero-Gendered World: A Content Analysis of Gender Stereotypes and Romantic Ideals in Chinese Boy Love Stories

Boy’s Love (BL) stories are a fictional fantasy textual story that describes a romantic relationship between men. Previous qualitative studies claimed that BL stories have depicted androgynous characters and egalitarian love relationships. The current study undertook a quantitative content analysis of 87 randomly sampled popular Chinese BL stories. Our coding system for coding both the masculinity and femininity of each main character in the selected BL stories was developed based on several previous studies. Gay male characters in BL stories were depicted as either similar to traditional masculine men (i.e., scoring high in masculinity and low in femininity) or similar to traditional feminine women (i.e., scoring high in femininity and low in masculinity). In the romantic relationships, BL stories typically paired a masculine character with a feminine character. In addition, heterosexual romantic ideals were prevalent in BL stories. Such an analysis challenges the previous analysis of BL stories. It suggests that heteronormative gender stereotypes exist in BL stories, even if these stories depict gay male characters and romantic relationships. These findings have important implications for understanding media effects in stereotypes toward gay men in contemporary Chinese society. It also encourages further research on alternative explanations for women’s motivation in reading and writing BL stories.
Morphologic Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinomas can be further divided into distinct subtypes that provide important clinical information and biological insights. These subtypes are distinct from growth patterns and are on based on morphologic and molecular findings. There are 12 reasonably well-defined subtypes as well as 6 provisional subtypes, together making up 35% of all hepatocellular carcinomas. These subtypes are discussed, with an emphasis on their definitions and the key morphologic findings.
Screening and Counseling for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Primary Care Settings

Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading causes of preventable death in the United States. Reducing unhealthy alcohol use should be a high priority for health care providers. Well-validated screening instruments are available, and behavioral counseling interventions delivered in primary care can reduce risky drinking. For people with alcohol use disorder, treatment programs with or without medication can reduce consumption and promote abstinence. To overcome barriers to implementation of screening for alcohol use and subsequent delivery of appropriate interventions in primary care settings, support systems, changes in staffing or roles, formal protocols, and additional provider and staff training may be required.
Efficient generation of stereoscopic images and extensions to animation

A stereoscopic image is composed of two images which are nearly identical, produced from slightly displaced viewing positions. Similarly, two successive frames of an animation are often quite similar, since the viewpoint, objects, and light sources in the animation can only move a very small distance in the inter-frame time quantum. It would seem that computer generated stereo pairs and animation frames could be produced with reduced computations if the coherence between the two images of a pair or successive animation frames was exploited. This thesis introduces a framework for taking advantage of such coherence, and implements algorithms which achieve significant savings in computational time when generating stereoscopic images and ray-traced animations. The stereoscopic viewing geometry consists of two view points separated horizontally, orthogonal to the view plane. It is possible to use this geometry (plus the knowledge that normals, intersections, diffuse colors, and shadowing information are unchanged by a change in viewing position) and reuse samples generated in one view in order to create the second half of the pair, saving up to 97% of the calculations otherwise required. A similar technique can be derived for sequential ray-traced animation frames. Unlike stereo pairs, successive view points may be separated in any direction and may involve a rotation of the camera as well. Additionally, the objects or light sources in the frame may have changed characteristics since the previous image. Nonetheless, a technique is described that allows all of these phenomena, usually saving around 50% of the time of calculating new frames.
High-Definition Medicine

The foundation for a new era of data-driven medicine has been set by recent technological advances that enable the assessment and management of human health at an unprecedented level of resolution—what we refer to as high-definition medicine. Our ability to assess human health in high definition is enabled, in part, by advances in DNA sequencing, physiological and environmental monitoring, advanced imaging, and behavioral tracking. Our ability to understand and act upon these observations at equally high precision is driven by advances in genome editing, cellular reprogramming, tissue engineering, and information technologies, especially artificial intelligence. In this review, we will examine the core disciplines that enable high-definition medicine and project how these technologies will alter the future of medicine.
Valued elders or societal burden: Cross-national attitudes toward older adults:

Population aging is a nearly universal trend that is placing new importance on how societies view and treat their elderly. Past research has established that perceptions of the elderly vary across ...
Aging and the Skin: The Geriatrician’s Perspective

With changes in life expectancy in the last century, individuals tend to live longer. The life expectancy of a female born today in the United States is more than 80 years and that of a male is more than 74 years. The life expectancy is even higher in Italy, Sweden and Greece. Over the next 30 years, projections in the United States and Europe indicate that the over 65-year age group would be double the number of today. With aging of the population, there will also be widening of the disease spectrum, with the skin being no exception. Longevity, coupled with the development of illnesses, deficiency states—exposure to drugs, toxins and environmental insults provides a perfect backdrop for the most exposed organ of the aging individual, the skin, to deteriorate. Skin disorders may be most obvious or not apparent at all, and may be innocuous or suggest a fatal disease. Skin disease may impair quality of life and inflict social consequences. While one should not be surprised at the many skin disorders likely to be encountered in the geriatric population, one wonders about the role of the primary health provider or geriatrician who takes care of older individuals over decades. Most primary providers are no experts in the diagnosis of dermatological illness, leave alone develop a meaningful differential diagnosis. All too often, the tendency is to ignore a lesion or refer the individual to a dermatologist. The following provides a broad perspective and general considerations that may be borne in mind when evaluating a geriatric patient with skin abnormalities; it is no replacement for many excellent narratives that are available, and some referenced here. Aging in general is accompanied by changes in all organs including the skin. A simple way of expressing the physiological changes with age is the use of a 1% percent rule, with most organ functions peaking in the twenties and thirties, and a gradual decline of 1% occurring each year. This decline is easily measurable with certain organs such as the estimation of creatinine clearance for renal function. Changes in the body with age also include a decline in the water compartment, an increase in lipid stores, decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and bone mass (osteoporosis) besides declines in other organs. These physiological changes and decline in reserves are usually compounded by disease processes or comorbidity [1]. The
The Simple School Belonging Scale: Working Toward a Unidimensional Measure of Student Belonging

ABSTRACTResearch focused on student belonging has sometimes used available measures in a unidimensional way despite evidence of multidimensionality in these scales. This study introduces a new unid...
Learning from Practitioners That Support Underrepresented Students in Engineering

AbstractCreating an inclusive and supportive learning environment is challenging due to the range of issues faced by diverse students. To facilitate efforts to help students, it is important that e...
Artifact-reduced imaging of biopsy needles with 2D multispectral imaging.

PURPOSE Magnetic resonance (MR) guidance for biopsy procedures requires high intrinsic soft-tissue contrast. However, artifacts induced by the metallic needle can reduce its localization and require low-susceptibility needle materials with poorer cutting performance. In a proof of concept, we demonstrate the feasibility of 2D multispectral imaging (2DMSI) for both needle tracking and for needle artifact reduction for more precise needle localization and to enable the usage of needle materials with higher susceptibility. METHOD We applied 2DMSI for imaging of MR-compatible biopsy needles, conventional stainless-steel needles, and mixed-material needles and compared it to conventional techniques. In addition, we exploited intrinsic off-resonance information for passive needle tracking. RESULTS 2DMSI achieved a stronger reduction of the needle artifact compared to conventional techniques. For the mixed-material needles, the artifact was reduced to a level below that for MR-compatible needles with conventional imaging. The passive tracking also improved the ability to pinpoint the needle. CONCLUSION 2DMSI is promising for both needle tracking and artifact-reduced imaging of biopsy needles for a more precise needle localization. 2DMSI may be particularly promising for needles inducing large distortions or for targeting of small lesions. In addition, it may enable the use of needle materials with higher susceptibility and potentially better sampling performance. Magn Reson Med 80:655-661, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Using Data to Improve Student Learning in School Districts

This book helps you make sense of the data your school district collects, including state student achievement results as well as other qualitative and quantitative data. Easy-to-use templates, tools, and examples are available on the accompanying downloadable resources.
UNWINDING AND REWINDING OF DNA BY EXONUCLEASE V

ABSTRACT : Reaction of duplex DNA with the recBC enzyme for brief periods of time, in the presence of single-stranded DNA binding protein, produces unwound structures both at the terminus and in the interior of the duplex DNA. In the absence of binding protein, unwound structures are seen in the interior of the DNA but not at its terminus. A model is presented in which the terminal unwinding structure is a precursor of the internal unwinding. The enzyme is pictured as travelling through the DNA by unwinding the DNA in front of itself and rewinding it, at a slower rate, behind itself. The mobile loops of single-stranded DNA so produced could be instrumental in the initial synapsis step in genetic recombination.
Writing from Sources in two Cultural Contexts

This research investigates writing from sources in two educational contexts as it specifically relates to the academic task of constructing a high school research paper. In order to look closer into this issue, the following research questions were asked: (a) What are the synthesizing styles of writers composing from sources in two different cultural contexts and to what extent do they differ cross-culturally? (b) How do the similarities and differences between the two samples reflect the “nature” and “context” of the task? To answer these questions the research papers of thirty English-speaking senior high school students in the U.S. and the research papers of forty Hebrew-speaking senior high school students in Israel were analyzed using a Taxonomy for Research Paper Evaluation, especially developed for this study. To analyze the data, t-tests, size of effect (d) and the sum of absolute differences statistics were conducted. The results show that the composing styles of both samples were low on synthesizing, showing preference for alternative styles of composing from sources. The results also suggest that while the research paper is a universal norm-based product defined by the international academy, the products of the two cultural groups were situated at different points along the approximative systems of research paper writing. In light of this interpretation of the findings, theoretical and pedagogical implications are drawn for mainstream literacy acquisition.
A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of congenital scoliosis

To provide the reader with a comprehensive but concise understanding of congenital scoliosis We have undertaken to summarize available literature on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management of congenital scoliosis. Congenital scoliosis represents 10% of pediatric spine deformity and is a developmental error in segmentation, formation, or a combination of both leading to curvature of the spine. Treatment options are complicated by balancing growth potential with curve severity. Often associated abnormalities of cardiac, genitourinary, or intraspinal systems are concurrent and should be evaluated as part of the diagnostic work-up. Management balances the risk of progression, growth potential, lung development/function, and associated risks. Surgical treatment options involve growth-permitting systems or fusions. Congenital scoliosis is a complex spinal problem associated with many other anomalous findings. Treatment options are diverse but enable optimization of management and care of these children.
Consumer's Attitude and Retailers' Images in Creating Store Choice. A Study of Two Different Sides of the Same Story

The determinants of store choice on the part of the consumer are complex. Our study indicates that consumers find the issues relevant to store choice as lacking in quality and certainly not congruent nor tangential to the retail marketing concept. As our model shows, perceptions are developed through stimuli that are created by the retail environment both internal and external. If these were the only issues retailers had to deal with, their challenge in understanding consumer store choice behavior would be formidable. Add to those dimensions the perceptions that are formed through the consumer's own psychological, physiological and behavioral attributes and the complexities of the challenge can seem to be insurmountable. The complexity of the situation increases exponentially when, as our research seems to indicate, the psychological and behavioral components can be compounded by such little understood dimensions as ambivalence and vicarious sociality. There is light at the end of the tunnel. Retailers need to benefit themselves by reaching out the broad resources of research to effectively develop the resource information necessary to successfully position themselves relative to their consumers expectations.
Comparisons of commercial organic and chemical fertilizer solutions on growth and composition of lettuce

The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of organic or chemical nutrient solutions on the growth and composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in greenhouse production. Hoagland ...
The Many Faces of Atherosclerosis

Coronary artery disease spans a wide spectrum of imaging appearances over the course of disease development and progression, and knowledge of this range of variation is crucial for the cardiac imager. Atherosclerotic plaques may be noncalcified, partially calcified, or heavily calcified which can affect image interpretability. A range of degrees of stenoses exists from early nonobstructive plaque to chronic total occlusion. In addition, particular plaque features have been identified that are linked with a higher rate of adverse cardiac events, which are important to recognize due to their potential clinical significance. Such high-risk plaque features include spotty calcification, low attenuation, the “napkin-ring” sign, and positive remodeling. An awareness of the gamut of imaging appearances of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries is an indispensible foundation when evaluating computed tomography (CT) of the heart.
Wi-Fi-Band Micro Acoustic Resonant Circulator

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a magnetic-free miniaturized micro acoustic resonant circulator showing low insertion loss (IL~3.6 dB), high isolation $(\mathrm{IX} > 15\ \mathrm{dB})$ and high linearity $(\mathrm{P1dB}=29.4\ \mathrm{dBm}$ ; $\mathrm{IIP}3 =37\ \mathrm{dBm})$ across the entire ISM Wi-Fi band (2.4-2.5 GHz). Such an unprecedented level of performance is achieved thanks to a novel circuit architecture based on 2.4 GHz piezoelectric micro-acoustic filters periodically modulated to achieve non-reciprocity. The use of high-Q micro-acoustic filters guarantees the achievement of a large group delay and an IL significantly lower than that of circulators based on transmission lines (TLs) or acoustic delay lines [1], [2], while maintaining a significantly smaller form factor, enabling strong magnetic-free non-reciprocity at the chip-scale with an ultra-low modulation frequency (12 MHz). RF switches are used as time-varying components to impart the periodic modulation. Compared to the more conventional varactors [3], the use of RF switches simplifies the modulation network, increases the modulation efficiency and significantly improves the system linearity. The demonstrated magnetic-free miniaturized circulator directly enables simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) operation in full-duplex mode with the potential of at least doubling the data rates of existing Wi-Fi networks.
Identification and quantification of coding and long non-coding RNAs in stallion spermatozoa separated by density.

Background It is not unusual for stallions to have fertility problems. For many, artificial insemination with more dense spermatozoa (isolated by density gradient centrifugation) results in greater pregnancy rates compared with the rates when using unfractionated spermatozoa. RNAs in spermatozoa delivered to the oocyte at conception are required for embryo development. Novel molecular assays of spermatozoa that reflect function are needed to predict the fertility of stallions. Objectives To describe and compare the RNA populations in more dense and less dense spermatozoa from stallions. Materials and methods Spermatozoa from five stallions were separated into more dense and less dense populations by density gradient centrifugation. Complementary DNA libraries were made from each of the ten total RNA samples after ribosomal RNA removal. Next-generation sequencing characterized the RNA populations in more and less dense spermatozoa. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to confirm differential expression of selected RNAs. Results Stallion spermatozoa contain 11 215 RNAs, with the most prevalent RNA being a 1492 base long non-coding RNA. The levels of 159 RNAs were greater in more dense spermatozoa, while levels of seven other RNAs were greater in less dense spermatozoa. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR confirmed the threefold greater levels of solute carrier family 26 member 8 (SLC26A8) mRNA in less dense spermatozoa, and sixfold and threefold greater expression levels of the SCP2 sterol binding domain containing 1 (SCP2D1) and spermatogenesis-associated protein 31D1 (SPATA31D1) mRNAs in more dense spermatozoa, respectively. Discussion and conclusion We identified 11 215 RNAs in stallion spermatozoa and 166 with differential expression between more dense and less dense fractions. Many prevalent RNAs were also found in bull, boar, and human spermatozoa. Many differentially expressed RNAs are known to be testis- or spermatozoa-specific. Our results may lead to identification of an RNA population in spermatozoa that is optimal for establishing successful pregnancies.
Potent Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Multiple Epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic rages on with devasting consequences on human lives and the global economy. The discovery and development of virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies could be one approach to treat or prevent infection by this novel coronavirus. Here we report the isolation of 61 SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from 5 infected patients hospitalized with severe disease. Among these are 19 antibodies that potently neutralized the authentic SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, 9 of which exhibited exquisite potency, with 50% virus-inhibitory concentrations of 1 to 9 ng/mL. Epitope mapping showed this collection of 19 antibodies to be about equally divided between those directed to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and those to the N-terminal domain (NTD), indicating that both of these regions at the top of the viral spike are quite immunogenic. In addition, two other powerful neutralizing antibodies recognized quaternary epitopes that are overlapping with the domains at the top of the spike. Cyro-electron microscopy structures of one antibody targeting RBD, a second targeting NTD, and a third bridging RBD and NTD revealed recognition of the closed, “all RBD-down” conformation of the spike. Several of these monoclonal antibodies are promising candidates for clinical development as potential therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Ground motion prediction equations for Arias Intensity using the Kik-net database:

In seismic design, intensity measures are selected on the basis of how well these parameters correlate with the damage caused by earthquakes and on our ability to predict these intensity measures f...
Myeloperoxidase instigates proinflammatory responses in a cecal ligation and puncture rat model of sepsis

Using two distinct myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors, we show for the first time that MPO plays an important role in producing increases in free 2-chlorofatty aldehyde (2-ClFALD)—a powerful proinfla...
Extending Tort Liability to Creators of Fake Profiles on Social Networking Websites

In today's world, social media has become ubiquitous. While social media provides opportunities for networking, there are also opportunities for exploitation. Courts and legislatures have provided remedies for some wrongs that can occur on social networking websites. However one area remains neglectedfalse profiles made for real people. In present day tort law, using another person's name or likeness can open the offender to liability for either misappropriation of name or likeness or a violation of right of publicity. This Note argues that these causes of action should be extended to false profiles made on social networking websites. This Note begins by discussing the two causes of action, how they are applied to actions over the Internet, how courts should apply the actions to false profiles, and possible defenses to the causes of action. Table of
Investigation of the Nanomechanical Properties of Crystalline Anatase Titanium Dioxide Films Synthesized Using Atomic Layer Deposition

Crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) polycrystalline films of 500 nm thickness were synthesized using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on p-type Si (100) substrates. The crystal structure, phase purity, film thickness and morphology were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nanomechanical properties were measured using nanoindentation. Due to low temperature ALD deposition, XRD revealed a single anatase phase growth. FE-SEM images indicate columnar grain structure growth primarily in the vertical directions. The hardness was measured as 5 GPa at 24% film thickness, which is considerably softer compared to the reported benchmark values of the well-known rutile phase of ~ 12 GPa. The elastic moduli were estimated as 138 and 145 GPa for samples A and B, respectively. Samples A and B are identical except that sample A is slightly thicker; the slight difference in thickness has no influence on the results.
Beyond Green Chemistry: Teaching Social Justice in Organic Chemistry

A strategy for incorporating social justice themes into an introductory organic chemistry curriculum is described. We have deliberately infused social justice themes into the standard organic chemistry curriculum by discussing the history and social impact of key compounds. Using these key compounds that have had significant social, cultural, and environmental impacts, students practiced arrow-pushing mechanisms, predicted products, and identified pKa values and functional groups. We believe this approach helps make the material more relevant to students, keep students engaged, and emphasize the real-world applications of the concepts and compounds that they are learning about. Details on the implementation and the evaluation of this work are discussed.
Sparsity-promoting least-squares interferometric migration for high-resolution passive source locationSP-ICCM

AbstractSeismic source localization plays an important role in estimating the hypocenter of earthquakes and in monitoring hydraulic fracturing. Interferometric crosscorrelation migration (ICCM) is ...
Comparing Outcomes of Grafts Used in Peyronie’s Disease Surgery: a Systematic Review

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a scarring condition of the tunica albuginea. Various graft materials are used to fill defects following plaque incision (PIG) or partial excision (PEG), but the optimal graft material remains unknown. This systematic review compares outcomes of different grafts, performed with or without concurrent penile prosthesis implantation (PPI). Studies reported quantitative curvature assessment, with adequate follow-up to assess straightening, change in penile length, postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED), and patient satisfaction. From a total of 41 study arms, 1732 patients underwent PEG/PIG without and 302 with PPI. For PIG/PEG without PPI, the most frequently used grafts are cadaveric human pericardium (38.3%), autologous saphenous vein (21.2%), and porcine small intestinal submucosa (13.5%) with reported mean preoperative curvature of 69.3° and curvature recurrence ≥ 30° in 6.6%, 5.4%, and 15.4%, respectively. Grafts used most commonly with PPI include hemostatic patches (36.4%), bovine pericardium (34.8%), with similar mean preoperative curvature of 70.0° (p < 0.01). Satisfaction rates for PIG/PEG without PPI ranged from 70 to 100% with lowest satisfaction rates associated with dermis (70%) and human pericardium (73.4%). In the prosthesis cohort, satisfaction rates exceeded 88% with all grafts. Human pericardium seems to be the most commonly used graft when PPI is not indicated, with low rates of curvature recurrence, an acceptable rate of ED and satisfaction. Hemostatic patches are the most favorable graft choice with concurrent PPI. In general, the PD treatment literature is limited to low evidence grade retrospective studies, and further prospective investigation is warranted.
Instant Credibility: The Conditional Role of Professional Background in Policymaking Success:

For legislators without legislative experience, credibility can be vital to achieving legislative success, and expertise from one’s professional background is a highly plausible source of such cred...
Associations of Performance-Based Functional Assessments and Adverse Outcomes in CKD

Background The comparative utility of performance-based functional assessments in predicting adverse outcomes in CKD is unknown. To examine their relative utility, we examined three performance-based functional assessments in an observational cohort of patients with CKD. Methods We recruited 350 participants with stage II–V, predialysis CKD. Participants were administered three performance-based functional assessments: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Modified Mini-Mental Status Exam (M3SE), and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Scores were dichotomized on the basis of the median and combined into a summary score. Outcomes included 50% GFR reduction, ESKD, and death. We used Cox proportional hazards to assess the association of performance-based functional assessments with outcomes. Results Compared with high performers, low SPPB performers had the highest adjusted rate of death, ESKD, or 50% reduction in GFR (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.99). Low SPPB had the strongest association with death when adjusted for multiple covariates (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.36 to 4.34). M3SE performance was not associated with any adverse outcome. None of the performance-based functional assessments were associated with ESKD, but a low IADL score was associated with a lower hazard ratio for ESKD or 50% decline GFR (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.00). Conclusions Low SPPB score was the strongest predictor of death and all adverse outcomes as a composite. Future trials should determine if outcomes for patients with CKD who have poor physical performance and low SPPB scores are improved by targeted interventions. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: Safe Kidney Care Cohort Study, NCT01407367
IFNγ, and to a Lesser Extent TNFα, Provokes a Sustained Endothelial Costimulatory Phenotype.

Background Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are critical for regulation of local immune responses, through coordination of leukocyte recruitment from the blood and egress into the tissue. Growing evidence supports an additional role for endothelium in activation and costimulation of adaptive immune cells. However, this function remains somewhat controversial, and the full repertoire and durability of an enhanced endothelial costimulatory phenotype has not been wholly defined. Methods Human endothelium was stimulated with continuous TNFα or IFNγ for 1-48hr; or primed with TNFα or IFNγ for only 3hr, before withdrawal of stimulus for up to 45hr. Gene expression of cytokines, costimulatory molecules and antigen presentation molecules was measured by Nanostring, and publicly available datasets of EC stimulation with TNFα or IFNγ were leveraged to further corroborate the results. Cell surface protein expression was detected by flow cytometry, and secretion of cytokines was assessed by Luminex and ELISA. Key findings were confirmed in primary human endothelial cells from 4-6 different vascular beds. Results TNFα triggered mostly positive immune checkpoint molecule expression on endothelium, including CD40, 4-1BB, and ICOSLG but in the context of only HLA class I and immunoproteasome subunits. IFNγ promoted a more tolerogenic phenotype of high PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression with both HLA class I and class II molecules and antigen processing genes. Both cytokines elicited secretion of IL-15 and BAFF/BLyS, with TNFα stimulated EC additionally producing IL-6, TL1A and IL-1β. Moreover, endothelium primed for a short period (3hr) with TNFα mostly failed to alter the costimulatory phenotype 24-48hr later, with only somewhat augmented expression of HLA class I. In contrast, brief exposure to IFNγ was sufficient to cause late expression of antigen presentation, cytokines and costimulatory molecules. In particular HLA class I, PD-1 ligand and cytokine expression was markedly high on endothelium two days after IFNγ was last present. Conclusions Endothelia from multiple vascular beds possess a wide range of other immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines that can shape the adaptive immune response. Our results further demonstrate that IFNγ elicits prolonged signaling that persists days after initiation and is sufficient to trigger substantial gene expression changes and immune phenotype in vascular endothelium.
Behavioral Health Interventions for CRPS

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a pain condition characterized by regional pain (often extremity pain) that is disproportionate in intensity to the original injury/illness. Cooccurring symptoms are autonomic and inflammatory in nature and may include swelling, temperature change, skin color changes, and motor changes, among others. Optimal treatment for CRPS utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating a team of specialty healthcare providers. Behavioral health interventions are a key domain of multidisciplinary care and have been shown to reduce functional impairments, pain, and comorbid psychological symptoms associated with CRPS. Behavioral health interventions are rooted in a biopsychosocial framework that accounts for biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence pain and pain-related disability. The overarching aim of this chapter is to present an overview of evidence-based behavioral health treatments for chronic pain, as applied to CRPS, and consider promising directions for the field.
Russian Industrial Sector in 2018: Slowdown of Exiting From Stagnation of 2012–2016 (Based on Surveys Findings)

Prolonged period of industrial business surveys conducted by the Gaidar Institute and representative range of indicators permit to resolve the first task – analyze the situation in the sector in 2018 – determine the place for the year 2018 in all the 27 years since the IET launched and carried out business surveys between 1992–2018. For this purpose, we will use aggregate indicators. The latter are usually calculated on a monthly basis on the findings obtained from monthly surveys. They became widely popular owing to promptness of the findings and shortage of data released on the Russian industrial sector. However, this approach to present surveys’ findings complicates assessment of each year as a whole. That is why we analyze all consolidated indicators in a year-on-year basis.
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies and Diagnostic Outcomes in Otherwise Healthy Infants With Dysphagia.

Objectives:To evaluate videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) findings in infants with dysphagia and without prior diagnoses, and to characterize the outcomes and any diagnoses that follow.Methods:...
Physics and Device Science in II-VI Semiconductor Visible Light Emitters

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the fundamental physics and the device-related scientific aspects of II-VI semiconductor visible light emitters. Excitons in these materials are relatively stable and play an important role in light emission. Doping and electrical contacts present special problems in these materials. Defect formation energies are relatively small and promote device degradation. The chapter also discusses a range of compounds from which present light-emitting structures are being fabricated, by focusing on the description and characterization of the electronic states that are central to the quantum well and heterojunction physics of ZnSe-based heterostructures. Doping and electron-hole transport of the wide band-gap II-VI semiconductors, both in thin films and in heterostructures are presented in the chapter along with an examination of the physics of light emission by II-VI heterostructures in the context of spontaneous and stimulated emission by Coulomb correlated quasi-2D (quasi- two dimensional) electron-hole pairs.
Alfalfa saponins and alfalfa seeds: Dietary effects in cholesterol-fed rabbits

Abstract Since alfalfa meal prevents hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in rabbits and alfalfa saponins prevent the expected rise in cholesterolemia induced by dietary cholesterol in monkeys, the experiments being reported here were performed to determine whether alfalfa saponins affect atherogenesis in rabbits. In addition, the effects of alfalfa seeds were studied. Cholesterol-fed rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (a) control animals (N = 18); (b) animals maintained on a diet containing 1.0 to 1.2% alfalfa saponins (N = 18); and (c) animals maintained on a diet containing 40% alfalfa seeds (N = 17). Results after a 4-month observation period demonstrated that alfalfa saponins and alfalfa seeds reduce hypercholesterolemia, aortic sudanophilia, and the concentration of cholesterol in aortic intima-plus-media and in the liver, but do not induce changes in the hematocrit.
Perceived change in orientation from optic flow in the central visual field

The effects of internal depth within a simulation display on perceived changes in orientation have been studied. Subjects monocularly viewed displays simulating observer motion within a volume of randomly positioned points through a window which limited the field of view to 15 deg. Changes in perceived spatial orientation were measured by changes in posture. The extent of internal depth within the display, the presence or absence of visual information specifying change in orientation, and the frequency of motion supplied by the display were examined. It was found that increased sway occurred at frequencies equal to or below 0.375 Hz when motion at these frequencies was displayed. The extent of internal depth had no effect on the perception of changing orientation.
Whole Genome Amplification

DNA typing has revolutionized forensic biology and has resulted in a dramatic increase in the ability to obtain probative information from crimes involving biological material. Standard typing protocols permit the detection of as little as 100 pg of DNA and therefore may not be able to accommodate low copy number (LCN) samples (defined here as containing <100 pg of template DNA) frequently encountered in forensic casework. In an attempt to increase the recovery of profiles from such LCN samples, whole genome amplification (WGA) strategies have been developed. WGA methods attempt to increase the effective number of starting genomic templates prior to any downstream analysis. Theoretically, by preamplifying the limited amount of genetic material in the sample, sufficient quantities of template can be produced to overcome stochastic effects resulting from LCN templates. We provide an overview of existing WGA methods and describe their applications in forensic DNA analysis. Although WGA methods have yet to demonstrate their utility for routine forensic analysis, selective genomic enrichment and the production of sufficient sample for multiple repeat analyses are possible novel applications. Keywords: whole genome amplification (WGA); low copy number (LCN); forensic science; primer extension preamplification (PEP); degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP); multiple displacement amplification (MDA)
Decreased adipocyte size and lipid of high aerobic capacity rats is associated with protection from steatosis following a 3-day high fat diet (711.10)

In obese individuals, 60 - 80% possesses hepatic steatosis. We assessed if intrinsic aerobic capacity influences adipose cellularity and hepatic steatosis following an acute high fat diet (HFD). High capacity runner (HCR)/low capacity runner (LCR) rats (n=8), divergent for aerobic capacity, were fed a 45% HFD for days followed by measures of body composition, adipose cellularity/lipid content and liver steatosis. LCR rats have higher percent body fat (%BF), greater average adipocyte size and lipid content, and greater steatosis on control diet compared to HCR. Acute HFD resulted in increased %BF and steatosis in the LCR, while HCR were protected. The HFD increased adipocyte size and lipid in both strains; however, LCR remained higher than HCR. Interestingly, LCR demonstrated a greater distribution of large adipocytes compared to HCR on control diet. HFD resulted in a shift to larger adipocytes in both groups, with LCR demonstrating greater total lipid in this large adipocyte fraction. In conclusion, high ...
Efficient gradient projection optimization for manipulators with multiple degrees of redundancy

An efficient gradient projection optimization scheme is presented for manipulators with multiple degrees of redundancy. This is an extension of the gradient projection scheme presented by R.B. Dubey et al. (Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, p.28-36, 1989) for manipulators with one degree of redundancy. The feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme are tested through simulations of the seven-degree-of-freedom NASA Laboratory Telerobotic Manipulator (LTM). Only the position of the LTM end effector is controlled, which requires only three degrees of freedom. The remaining joints, except for the wrist roll joint, which does not contribute to the end-effector linear velocity, provide three degrees of redundancy. >
Natural Selection: Introduction

Most organisms have relatively stable populations, so that, of all those born, only some survive to reproduce. Those that survive do so because they are in some way better suited to their environment. This process involves natural selection by environmental pressures among all of the variations present in a population. Over time, those alleles that enhance survival and/or reproductive success will become more common in the population and the genetic composition of the population will change. Keywords: Galapagos finches; Darwin; macroevolution; artificial selection; adaption; evolution
Fluorocardiography (electrokymography) technical aspects.

Abstract Utilizing the Henny-Boone method, but with some modifications, an apparatus has been built which is capable of recording minute pulsations imperceptible to the naked eye. The tracings are obtained by the use of the fluoroscope, an electron multiplier photoelectric cell, a screen with a slit, and a phonocardiograph-electrocardiograph. A technical description of the apparatus and a list of the modifications are given. As a routine procedure, the phonocardiogram was found preferable as a timer because it is accurate, easy to record, and in close time relation with the valvular events of the heart. The tracings are recorded at a film speed of 75 mm. per second. The name fluorocardiography is suggested for the method, as being more descriptive than previously employed terms. The pulsations of the following structures have been studied: (a) left and right ventricles; (b) left and right auricles; (c) pulmonary artery; (d) aorta (ascending, arch, and descending); (e) superior and inferior venae cavae; (f) hilar shadows; and (g) pulmonary parenchyma. The optimum positioning of the slit for obtaining clinically relevant records is discussed. These may be obtained either by placing the slit across the visible border of the visible silhouette or entirely within the shadow of a structure; the latter are densograms .
The Identification of Carnitine Palmityltransferase in Erythrocyte Membranes

Abstract The capacity of the mature human red cell membrane to synthesize palmitylcarnitine has been demonstrated. The localization of carnitine palmityltransferase in a membrane is consonant with the previously proposed function of carnitine as a carrier of activated long chain fatty acyl groups across a mitochondrial barrier. The presence of carnitine palmityltransferase in the red cell membrane raises the possibility that long chain fatty acylcarnitine might play a role in translocating long chain fatty acids across cell surface membranes.
Immunofluorescence studies of apolipoprotein B in intestinal mucosa: Absence in abetalipoproteinemia

Abstract During fat absorption, active synthesis of cholesterol, phospholipids, and specific apolipoproteins are required for chylomicron formation and secretion. In the inherited disease abetalipoproteinema, chylomicrons cannot be made in response to fat feeding, and they as well as low and very low density lipoproteins are completely absent from plasma. The genetic defect in the disease is presumed to be an inability to synthesize apolipoprotein B, the apoprotein common to all the above lipoprotein classes, but such a defect has not been directly demonstrated. With peroral intestinal biopsies and immunofluorescence techniques, we have demonstrated the presence and intracellular localization of apolipoprotein B within jejunal epithelial cells of five normal subjects and have shown that its content increases markedly after fat feeding. In two patients with abetalipoproteinemia no apolipoprotein B was seen by immunofluorescence techniques in the jejunal mucosa in the fasting state or after a fatty meal. Intestinal synthesis of apolipoprotein B appears not to occur in abetalipoproteinemia.
2 - Implications of T Cell Receptor Crossreactivity for the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Peptide elution studies demonstrate that a single MHC molecule could bind a very large and diverse set of peptides because several hundred distinct peptide masses could be defined with mass spectrometry techniques. Investigation of the structural requirements for peptide binding by MHC class II molecules demonstrated that five peptide side chains contributed to binding. Based on these considerations, a hypothesis that TCR recognition is characterized by a considerable degree of cross-reactivity and that a TCR could recognize a number of different peptides that may be rather distinct in their sequence, was developed. This hypothesis was supported by a reported case of cross-reactivity where no obvious sequence similarity was present between the two peptides, as well as the observation that many T cell clones recognized alloreactive MHC/peptide complexes. The challenge therefore is to develop a systematic approach that would allow one to identify such peptides even though their structural similarity might not be evident by conventional sequence alignments.
Understanding Brain, Cognition, and Behavior in Complex Dynamic Environments

Many challenges remain for understanding how the human brain functions in complex dynamic environments. For example, how do we measure brain physiology of humans interacting in their natural environments where data acquisition systems are intrusive and environmental and biological artifacts severely confound brain source signals? How do we understand the full context within which the human brain is operating? How do we know which information is most meaningful to extract from the data? How can we best utilize that extracted information and what are the implications for human performance? The papers comprising this section address these questions from conceptual, technical, and applied perspectives. It is clearly seen that significant progress has been made since the inception of the Augmented Cognition program and that, to overcome these challenges, a continued multidisciplinary approach is required across basic and applied research from cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, computer scientists, and engineers.
Efficient support for complex numbers in Java

One glaring weakness of Java for numerical programming is its lack of support for complex numbers. Simply creating a Complex number class leads to poor performance relative to Fortran. We show in this paper, however, that the combination of stich a Complex class and a compiler that understands its semantics does indeed lead to Fortran-like performance. This performance gain is achieved while leaving the Java language completely unchanged and maintaining full compatibility with existing Java Virtual Machines. We quantify the effectiveness of our approach through experiments with linear algebra, electromagnetics, and computational fluid-dynamics kernels.