cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hazlitt on Henry V, and the Appropriation of Shakespeare

W,7 IHAT USED TO BE CALLED THE NEW IRONIC READING of Shakespeare's Henry V is of course no longer new, since it has been espoused by a growing number of studies of the play over the past three decades, and therefore does not require any extended explanation. Although these studies differ among themselves on matters of detail and emphasis, and sometimes add special qualifications of their own, they generally follow the basic line laid down in Harold Goddard's essay, published in 1951, which is still the most elaborate and probably (as later references to it would indicate) the most influential statement of this position.' Its fundamental premise is that Shakespeare designed the play to convey two contradictory meanings-an apparent or surface meaning (usually explained as a sop to the less intelligent members of his audience) which seems to present Henry as a great national hero, the "mirror of all Christian kings," but which is undercut by a pervasive and subversive irony (aimed at the wiser few) that embodies the real meaning and reveals that Henry is actually a cynical hypocrite, a cold-blooded Machiavellian, a brutal butcher, and so forth. To judge from a quick survey of recent publications, this is now the dominant view of the play, and is well on its way to becoming the new orthodoxy. As early as 1970, Laurence Michel could say that it was not necessary to spend much time arguing for his ironic interpretation because "most of this exegesis has been done already, and I can merely reiterate," which he proceeds to do in a brief summary; and eight years later Ralph Berry began his essay by asserting that "the ironic reading of Henry V, which has received some outstandingly able advocacy, seems to me unanswerable. But I shall assume at least a general acquiescence on that score."2 I have presented my answers to this read-
The Lengths of Curves

(1953). The Lengths of Curves. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 89-93.
PHASE DIAGRAM OF Al-Zn-Cu SYSTEM IN LOW COPPER SIDE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The phase composition and constituent of 14 designed alloys in Al-Zn-Cu system were analyzed by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction and EPMA method. These samples have been made through sufficient uniformization and equilibrium cooling treatment from 400 ℃ to room temperature. Furthermore, the compositions of a and CuZn4 phase have been calculated in response to the relation of solute concentration and interplanar distance. Based on these, the isothermal diagram of Al-Zn-Cu system at room temperature has been drawn in lower Cu side from Al4Cu9-Cu5Zn8 compounds to Al Zn side. The results show that there is stable T phase in this system. Three-phase equilibrium around T' phase are T'+α + β, T'+α+Al2Cu, T'+CuZn4+β and T'+AlCu+Al2Cu at room temperature. The contents of Al in CuZn4 phase is less than 7%, which is much lower than that to be well known (18%).
Tailored strategies for DCIS management.

Few areas in breast disease elicit as much controversy as the management of DCIS. The review by Sanders and Simpson, “Can We Know What to Do When DCIS Is Diagnosed?”
Hiring a new health practitioner.

SUMMARY Consideration of bringing a new health practitioner into a practice necessitates a thorough understanding of the following elements: (1) assessing the needs of your practice, (2) assessing type and competency of a new health practitioner, and (3) facilitating entry of a new health practitioner into your practice. If all of these areas are observed closely, it appears that hiring a health practitioner can be an asset professionally, personally, and economically.
Chemotherapy for Small Cell Carcinoma of Prostatic Origin

AbstractA total of 21 patients with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate was treated with combination chemotherapy, either following initial hormonal therapy (15) or as initial therapy (6). Of the patients 13 (62%) had pure small cell carcinoma, whereas 8 (38%) had mixed histology of small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Patients presented with a characteristic clinical picture of a large primary mass (16 cases) with a high frequency of visceral metastases to the liver (9), lungs (7) and brain (2). The majority of the patients did not have an elevated serum prostate specific antigen (1 of 14, 7%) or prostatic acid phosphatase (2 of 21, 10%). Serum carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated in 13 patients (62%).Of the 21 patients 13 (62%) responded to chemotherapy. Survival after the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the prostate resulted in a median of 9.4 months with a range of 1 to 25 months. The regimens used were those considered active in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung ...
Hyperopic thermal keratoplasty procedure in a civilian air traffic controller.

Hyperopic thermal keratoplasty (HTK), also referred to as radial thermokeratoplasty, is one of several refractive surgery procedures in use to correct significant visual acuity problems. The current procedure was developed in the farmer Soviet Union, and was first performed in the U.S. in the early 1980's. The thermocoagulating unit used for the surgery is still considered an experimental device by the Food and Drug Administration, and as such requires a device exemption permit from that Agency for its use. The unit is used to coagulate corneal protein, which alters the shape of the cornea and hence its refractive power. No well-controlled series of patients followed over time exists to conclusively state the pros and cons of the procedure. Excimer laser surgery has been recently used as a substitute for the thermocoagulator, but experience is also limited. Lasers, nevertheless, show great promise for use in this procedure. While HTK has been shown to correct hyperopia, significant sequelae have been documented with the procedure; they have included unstable visual acuity, under- and overcorrection of acuity, damage to the cornea, and scarring. These sequelae may present a problem for individuals involved in aviation, where issues of visual acuity are critical. It is important to identify such individuals and monitor their vision status carefully prior to return to safety related duties.
The Art of Morality, or on Lolita

Leland de la Durantaye argues that Nabokov considered morality—as opposed to “moralizing,” which he detested—to be inseparable from a work of art. Lolita, for example, “is a moral book” because it continually alludes to the very question of whether or not Humbert’s behavior is moral. In “The Art of Morality, or on Lolita,” Durantaye identifies the formal strategies by which Nabokov leads his readers to ponder such questions; he shows, for example, how Nabokov carefully orchestrates the tension between lyricism and parody in Humbert’s narration as well as the shift from blindness to insight in Humbert’s understanding of himself.
Water-in-Oil-Only Adjuvants Selectively Promote T Follicular Helper Cell Polarization through a Type I IFN and IL-6-Dependent Pathway.

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4 + T lymphocytes that promote the development of humoral immunity. Although the triggers required for the differentiation of the other major Th subsets are well defined, those responsible for Tfh cell responses are still poorly understood. We determined that mice immunized with peptide or protein Ags emulsified in IFA or related water-in-oil adjuvants develop a highly polarized response in which the majority of the Ag-specific CD4 + T cells are germinal center–homing CXCR5 + Bcl6 + Tfh cells. Despite the absence of exogenous microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, the Tfh cell responses observed were dependent, in part, on MyD88. Importantly, in addition to IL-6, T cell–intrinsic type I IFN signaling is required for optimal Tfh cell polarization. These findings suggest that water-in-oil adjuvants promote Tfh cell–dominated responses by triggering endogenous alarm signals that, in turn, induce type I IFN–dependent differentiation pathway functioning in T cells.
Selected maturational changes observed in the postnatal rat brain.

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights selected maturational changes observed in the postnatal rat brain. Maturation may be considered to include all those changes which lead to the creation of a cell or tissue which is capable of performing its particular role in the life of the organism. These changes may essentially commence as soon as an organ anlage is formed. Thus, one may say that developmental and maturational changes start to occur in the central nervous system (CNS) as soon as the induction of a neural tube is initiated. These changes then proceed through the various stages of cell division, cell migration and differentiation, with the establishment of different nuclear groups, cell types, and enzyme systems, etc. until birth when the brain at least resembles the comparable organ of the adult. Another morphological index of growth within the rat CNS may be noted by observing the increased number of mitochondrial profiles and the increase in mitochondrial volume that occurs during maturation in the neuropil of the inferior colliculus.
Introduction to 'Propaganda, War Crimes Trials and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes'

This text is the introduction to “Propaganda, War Crimes Trials and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes” (Routledge 2012), which addresses the emerging jurisprudence and international law concerning propaganda in war crimes investigations and trials.
Undecidability results for deterministic communicating sequential processes

A study is made of the subset of the communicating sequential processes formalism in which processes are described in terms of recursive equations that use only constant processes, deterministic choice, parallel composition, and sequential composition. Even with this limited version, the formalism is powerful enough to model a Turing machine, so that a number of important problems such as boundedness, deadlock, and reachability are undecidable. >
Shape-based compliant control with variable coordination centralization on a snake robot

For highly articulated robots, there is a tradeoff between the capability to navigate complex unstructured environments and the high computational cost of coordinating many degrees-of-freedom. In this work, an approach that we refer to as shape-based control helps to balance this trade-off using shape functions, geometric abstractions that determine the coupling between multiple degrees-of-freedom during locomotion. This approach provides a way to intuitively adapt the shape of highly articulated robots using joint-level torque feedback control, allowing a robot to compliantly feel its way through unstructured terrain. In this work we specifically focus on compliance in the spatial frequency and temporal phase parameters of a snake-like robot's wave-like periodic wave-like kinematics. We show how varying the spatial frequency within the shape-based control architecture allows a single controller to vary the degree to which different degrees-of-freedom are coupled throughout a mechanism's body, i.e., the controller's degree of centralization. We experimentally find that for a snake-like robot locomoting through an irregularly spaced peg array, shape-based control results in more effective locomotion when compared to a central pattern generator-based approach.
Environmental advertising in China and the USA: the desire to go green

In an international climate where the virtues or perils of “going green” continue to be debated, and as marketers and consumers alike grapple to find responses to a growing impetus towards assuming...
Second harmonic quasi whispering gallery modes in a GaN micro-cavity

Second harmonic generation (SHG) whispering gallery modes (WGM) generated within a hexagonal GaN micro-pyramid cavity was observed using nonlinear-super-resolution microscopy. Axially varying hexagonal cross-sections of the micro-pyramid sustain SHG-WGM conditions for a range of wavelengths.
A Case for Demand-Side Water Management

It is axiomatic that because water is such a complex, pervasive issue, solutions to its problem must be commensurate with its complexity. The key to dealing effectively with the layered intracacies of water is to pay attention to the interlinkages, e.g., approaches that combine supply and demand-side policies. Controlling problems of water scarcity and maldistribution in hydrologically marginal regions such as the Middle East require policies that emphasize managing demand and need rather than focussing on increasingly difficult efforts to increase supplies.
Sensitivities of Summertime Mesoscale Circulations in the Coastal Carolinas to Modifications of the Kain-Fritsch Cumulus Parameterization.

AbstractTwo mesoscale circulations, the Sandhills circulation and the sea breeze, influence the initiation of deep convection over the Sandhills and the coast in the Carolinas during the summer months. The interaction of these two circulations causes additional convection in this coastal region. Accurate representation of mesoscale convection is difficult as numerical models have problems with the prediction of the timing, amount, and location of precipitation. To address this issue, the authors have incorporated modifications to the Kain–Fritsch (KF) convective parameterization scheme and evaluated these mesoscale interactions using a high-resolution numerical model. The modifications include changes to the subgrid-scale cloud formulation, the convective turnover time scale, and the formulation of the updraft entrainment rates. The use of a grid-scaling adjustment parameter modulates the impact of the KF scheme as a function of the horizontal grid spacing used in a simulation. Results indicate that the i...
Bromide Photo-oxidation Sensitized to Visible Light in Consecutive Ion Pairs

The titration of bromide into a [Ru(deeb)(bpz)2]2+ (Ru2+, deeb = 4,4′-diethylester-2,2′-bipyridine; bpz = 2,2′-bipyrazine) dichloromethane solution led to the formation of two consecutive ion-paired species, [Ru2+, Br–]+ and [Ru2+, 2Br–], each with distinct photophysical and electron-transfer properties. Formation of the first ion pair was stoichiometric, Keq 1 > 106 M–1, and the second ion-pair equilibrium was estimated to be Keq 2 = (2.4 ± 0.4) × 105 M–1. The 1H NMR spectra recorded in deuterated dichloromethane indicated the presence of contact ion pairs and provided insights into their structures and were complimented by density functional theory calculations. Static quenching of the [Ru(deeb)(bpz)2]2+* photoluminescence intensity (PLI) by bromide was observed, and [Ru2+, Br–]+* was found to be nonluminescent, τ < 10 ns. Further addition of bromide resulted in partial recovery of the PLI, and [Ru2+, 2Br–]* was found to be luminescent with an excited-state lifetime of τ = 65 ± 5 ns. Electron-transfer p...
Aging with Spinal Cord Injury: An Update.

The 2016 National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center's Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Facts and Figures reports approximately 17,000 new cases yearly, approximately 54 cases per million. The past 40 years has brought a significant change in patterns of injury. The average age has increased from 29 years in the 1970s to approximately 42 years currently; it is believed it has plateaued. Aging persons with SCI may have a higher risk of developing other medical complications. Studies report a perceived improvement in quality of life among persons with SCI with age, influenced by psychological, medical, and environmental factors.
Quantitative Evaluation of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser-Induced Photomodification of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles

The rapid growth of gold nanoparticle applications in laser therapeutics and diagnostics has brought about the need for establishing innovative standardized test methods for evaluation of safety and performance of these technologies and related medical products. Furthermore, given the incomplete and inconsistent data on nanoparticle photomodification thresholds provided in the literature, further elucidation of processes that impact the safety and effectiveness of laser-nanoparticle combination products is warranted. Therefore, we present a proof-of-concept study on an analytical experimental test methodology including three approaches (transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and spectrophotometry) for experimental evaluation of damage thresholds in nanosecond pulsed laser-irradiated gold nanospheres, and compared our results with a theoretical model and prior studies. This thorough evaluation of damage threshold was performed based on irradiation with a 532 nm nanosecond-pulsed laser over a range of nanoparticle diameters from 20 to 100 nm. Experimentally determined damage thresholds were compared to a theoretical heat transfer model of pulsed laser-irradiated nanoparticles and found to be in reasonably good agreement, although some significant discrepancies with prior experimental studies were found. This study and resultant dataset represent an important foundation for developing a standardized test methodology for determination of laser-induced nanoparticle damage thresholds.
Engineering in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone models for drug screening and predictive toxicology

The production of veritable in-vitro models of bone tissue is essential to understand the biology of bone and its surrounding environment, to analyze the pathogenesis of bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, etc.), to develop effective therapeutic drug screening, and to test potential therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated interactions between vasculature and bone cells are often related to the aforementioned pathologies, underscoring the need for a bone model that contains engineered vasculature. Due to ethical restraints and limited prediction power of animal models, human stem cell-based tissue engineering has gained increasing relevance as a candidate approach to overcome the limitations of animals and to serve as preclinical models for drug testing. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, the concomitant development of vasculature and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenic and endothelial precursors. A number of experimental approaches have been used to achieve this goal, such as the combination of angiogenic factors and three-dimensional scaffolds, prevascularization strategies, and coculture systems. In this review, we present an overview of the current models and approaches to generate in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone, with emphasis on the main challenges of vasculature engineering. These challenges are related to the choice of biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, and cells, as well as the type of culturing conditions required, and specifically the application of dynamic culture systems using bioreactors.
Analyzing infeasible constraint systems

Constraint systems, problems defined by sets of variables and constraints affecting the allowed assignments to those variables, arise in a wide range of real-world problems, from planning and scheduling to digital logic circuit verification. These problems have been studied widely in computer science and operations research, and a great deal of research has gone into developing algorithms that solve them quickly, producing assignments to variables that satisfy all of a system's constraints. Many constraint systems turn out to have no satisfying assignments—they are said to be overconstrained or infeasible—and work on analyzing these instances is much less mature. It is in this area that this work lies. Most work on analyzing infeasibility has focused on producing singular, approximate, partial views of the infeasibility of a given problem; a distinguishing feature of this work is that it is focused on complete analyses. We have developed algorithms that compute the full structure of a problem's infeasibility in the form of minimal correction sets (MCSes) and minimal unsatisfiable subsets (MUSes), both of which are subsets of a system's constraints that irreducibly describe part of its infeasibility. The value of these complete analyses has been demonstrated by applications of this work to two different logic circuit verification tasks, in which the complete views these algorithms produce have been shown to be critical for performance. Spurred partially by the needs of the industrial applications and also by theoretical considerations regarding the innate intractability of the given problems, extensions of these algorithms have been developed in several directions, enhancing performance by integrating partial, approximate analyses as guides, solving related problems that avoid the intractability while still providing more information than the singular views offered by other work, and generally exploring the space of infeasibility analysis in novel ways. Overall, this work helps to expand the field of constraint system research with new tools for analyzing infeasibility. This research, which has been kept as broadly-applicable as possible, serves as a base, opening up complete infeasibility analysis to researchers across the field of constraint research.
OILSEEDS AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR LIGHTING, COOKING, AND ENGINES

Seeds, such as those of the Chinese tallow tree and many others, are renewable resources of lighting fuel and diesel fuel extender if properly refined. The whole seeds if crushed and formed into fuelcakes might be used as household cooking and heating fuels.
Surface Immunoglobulin on Lymphocytes

This chapter discusses surface immunoglobulin on lymphocytes. In the case of lymphocytes of the B cell lineage, there is no doubt that the antigen receptors are comprised of surface immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules and these surface Ig's reflect the specificity of the antibody product ultimately secreted by these cells and/or their progeny—although not necessarily the same class. In the case of lymphocytes of the T cell lineage, it is equally clear that such cells bear specific surface-bound receptors capable of binding antigens; one school of immunologists believes strongly that surface Ig, albeit in considerably reduced quantities and/or surface display than occurs on B cells, serves as the T cell receptor, whereas another school believes strongly that this is not the case, and that the T cell receptor represents a new class of specific molecules quite distinct from B cell Ig. The most widely employed of the immunocytological techniques for detecting surface Ig is that of immunofluorescence.
Scientific Analysis of Siddhis

Humanity is facing a number of serious existential challenges such as global warming, renewable energy, desalination, and the like. Hidden in the fundamental understanding of siddhis may well lie the recipe for tackling these challenges and this is the primary reason for the author’s interest in the topic. Scientific corroboration of siddhis is tantamount to proving that nonphysical forces are capable of creating physical reality and the proof will lead to a second Copernican Revolution in Science. It will also bring the glory of ancient science back to India.
Tradeoffs between safety and time: A routing view

Abstract This article proposes a data-driven combination of travel times, distance, and collision counts in urban mobility datasets, with the goal of quantifying how intertwined traffic accidents are in the road network of a city. We devise a bi-attribute routing problem to capture the tradeoff between travel time and accidents. We apply this to a dataset from New York City. By visualizing the results of this computation in a normalized way, we provide a comparative tool for studies of urban traffic.
LGBTQIA: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual or Allied

Knowledge of the cultures and communities of patients helps mental health and addiction treatment practitioners provide optimal care. Part of understanding and treating LGBTQIA people (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual or LGBT for short) effectively is recognizing the higher rates of substance use in this group. Substance use among LGBT people may be a way to avoid symptoms or ameliorate psychiatric conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, eating disorders, and other disorders that occur in the context of widespread stigmatization. Not only are LGBT adults more likely to use illicit substances, but also they use those substances more frequently than their heteronormative counterparts. Many well-meaning and otherwise supportive healthcare providers feel uncomfortable when meeting an LGBT patient for the first time due to a general lack of knowledge about the community and the terminology used to discuss and describe its members. Common mistakes, such as incorrect language usage or neglecting to ask about sexual orientation and gender at all, may inadvertently alienate patients and compromise their care. A current of warmth, curiosity, and acceptance flowing through the encounter will help avoid these pitfalls. Taking a sexual history as it relates to addiction is often overlooked when establishing care with an LGBT patient. Taking a sexual history in a respectful manner is of the utmost importance.
The structure of molten FLiNaK

Abstract The structure of the molten salt (LiF)0.465(NaF)0.115(KF)0.42 (FLiNaK), a potential coolant for molten salt nuclear reactors, has been studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and neutron total scattering experiments. We find that the salt retains well-defined short-range structural correlations out to approximately 9 A at typical reactor operating temperatures. The experimentally determined pair distribution function can be described with quantitative accuracy by the molecular dynamics simulations. These results indicate that the essential ionic interactions are properly captured by the simulations, providing a launching point for future studies of FLiNaK and other molten salts for nuclear reactor applications.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer + Latinx youth mental health disparities: A systematic review

The aim of this review is to assess how existing literature conceptualizes LGBTQ+ Latinx youth’s mental health. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (a) assessed populations wh...
Effects of individual base-pairs on in vivo target search and destruction kinetics of bacterial small RNA.

Base-pairing interactions mediate many intermolecular target recognition events. Even a single base-pair mismatch can cause a substantial difference in activity but how such changes influence the target search kinetics in vivo is unknown. Here, we use high-throughput sequencing and quantitative super-resolution imaging to probe the mutants of bacterial small RNA, SgrS, and their regulation of ptsG mRNA target. Mutations that disrupt binding of a chaperone protein, Hfq, and are distal to the mRNA annealing region still decrease the rate of target association, kon, and increase the dissociation rate, koff, showing that Hfq directly facilitates sRNA–mRNA annealing in vivo. Single base-pair mismatches in the annealing region reduce kon by 24–31% and increase koff by 14–25%, extending the time it takes to find and destroy the target by about a third. The effects of disrupting contiguous base-pairing are much more modest than that expected from thermodynamics, suggesting that Hfq buffers base-pair disruptions. Bacterial small RNA SgrS binds and regulates its primary target, ptsG mRNA. Here the authors employ Sort-Seq and super resolution imaging to investigate in vivo target recognition and rejection kinetics of SgrS.
Exploiting Wavelength Diversity for High Resolution Time-of-Flight 3D Imaging

The poor lateral and depth resolution of state-of-the-art 3D sensors based on the time-of-flight (ToF) principle has limited widespread adoption to a few niche applications. In this work, we introduce a novel sensor concept that provides ToF-based 3D measurements of real world objects and surfaces with depth precision up to 35 $\mu m$ μ m and point cloud densities commensurate with the native sensor resolution of standard CMOS/CCD detectors (up to several megapixels). Such capabilities are realized by combining the best attributes of continuous wave ToF sensing, multi-wavelength interferometry, and heterodyne interferometry into a single approach. We describe multiple embodiments of the approach, each featuring a different sensing modality and associated tradeoffs.
Media Trading Groups and Short Selling Manipulation

This paper models how chatroom traders, forming a coalition via social media platforms, influence the stock price in the presence of large and strategic short sellers. The economic consequences of this dynamic game are studied in a micro-founded quasi-competitive equilibrium framework, which is new to the literature. Various equilibrium phenomena arise, including price bubbles, short squeezes, forced liquidations, and precautionary savings by the large trader. Media groups discipline the large trader's incentive to short sell, but it can either increase or decrease market efficiency. Additionally, it uniformly improves social welfare under the belief-neutral welfare criterion.
Optimizing Deep Learning Based Intrusion Detection Systems Defense Against White-Box and Backdoor Adversarial Attacks Through a Genetic Algorithm

Recent years have witnessed rapid progress and significant success in the use of deep learning neural networks (DLNNs) in a wide range of applications. Recently, DLNN has been integrated with intrusion detection system (IDS) to enhance network security to detect zero-day attacks. However, DLNNs themselves have been recently found vulnerable to attacks called adversarial examples and backdoor attacks for image recognition applications. In this work, we present an effective defense method for DLNN based IDS by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the generation of triggers neurons selected based on their response to the features to produce the output. We embed the GA-Trigger-Detection neurons within the model to detect and prevent white-box advertorial examples and backdoor attacks against two DLNNs based IDS: Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Stacked Sparse AutoEncoder Based Extreme Learning Machine (SSAELM). We implement two white-box adversarial examples and backdoor attacks from prior work and use them to investigate the proposed defense method. We show that the defense method is sufficient to defend against sophisticated attackers with 99% success rate and only 1% degrade in accuracy. We then show that it successfully weakens backdoor attacks on the two DNN architectures using two benchmark datasets: KDDCUP’99 and Kyoto. Our work provides an important step toward defenses against white-box advertorial examples and backdoor attacks in DLNNs based IDS.
Erratum to: DNA origami mediated electrically connected metal-semiconductor junctions

Figure 8(f) was unfortunately mistakenly used. The two duplicate graphs were among several examples of the type of data the authirs obtained in those experiments, so this error did not affect any of the conclusions from the published paper.
Evaluation of Primary Prescription Nonadherence Post-discharge from an Inpatient Psychiatry Unit at a Large Urban Community Hospital -an Observational Study

Abstract Introduction: Here, we aimed to evaluate primary prescription nonadherence post-discharge from an acute inpatient psychiatric unit. Prescription nonadherence is a concern across all patient care settings, with primary nonadherence defined as not picking up prescribed medication from the pharmacy or not delivering prescriptions to the pharmacy. Secondary nonadherence, defined as filling a prescription but not taking the medication as prescribed, was not tracked in this study. The incidence of nonadherence can vary widely across settings and has been reported to range from 3 to 86%. This is a particular concern in patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis both in an outpatient and inpatient setting. Design: The prescription fill rate of eligible patients was tracked on days 7 and 21 post-discharge from acute inpatient psychiatric units of an acute care multispecialty urban community teaching hospital. Results: In total, 72 patients aged 18 and above (44%, women) were analyzed. A primary nonadherence incidence of 43% was found, which did not vary significantly across the analyzed variables of age, sex, or primary diagnosis. Conclusion: Primary nonadherence is a significant issue in this population. Strategies, such as the implementation of med-to-bed programs and use of longer acting injectables when appropriate, would help in increasing adherence. Further research, including the evaluation of other variables that affect nonadherence, is needed in order to identify and develop steps to overcome the obstacles to adherence.
Joint Activity Detection and Channel Estimation in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks with Massive Connectivity

Cell-free massive MIMO is one of the key technologies for future wireless communications, in which users are simultaneously and jointly served by all access points (APs). In this paper, we investigate the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation of effective channel coefficients in cell-free massive MIMO systems with massive connectivity. To facilitate the theoretical analysis, only single measurement vector (SMV) based MMSE estimation is considered in this paper, i.e., the MMSE estimation is performed based on the received pilot signals at each AP separately. Inspired by the decoupling principle of replica symmetric postulated MMSE estimation of sparse signal vectors with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) non-zero components, we develop the corresponding decoupling principle for the SMV based MMSE estimation of sparse signal vectors with independent and non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) non-zero components, which plays a key role in the theoretical analysis of SMV based MMSE estimation of the effective channel coefficients in cell-free massive MIMO systems with massive connectivity. Subsequently, based on the obtained decoupling principle of MMSE estimation, likelihood ratio test and the optimal fusion rule, we perform user activity detection based on the received pilot signals at only one AP, or cooperation among the entire set of APs for centralized or distributed detection. Via theoretical analysis, we show that the error probabilities of both centralized and distributed detection tend to zero when the number of APs tends to infinity while the asymptotic ratio between the number of users and pilots is kept constant. We also investigate the asymptotic behavior of oracle estimation in cell-free massive MIMO systems with massive connectivity via random matrix theory. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the potential performance loss of SMV based MMSE estimation, which does not employ the correlation between the received pilot signals at different APs, the multiple measurement vector (MMV) based MMSE estimation, i.e., joint MMSE estimation with pilot signals from all APs, is analyzed via numerical results. Numerical analysis shows that the theoretical analyze with our decoupling principle for the SMV based MMSE estimation of sparse signal vectors with i.n.i.d. non-zero components matches well with the numerical results.
Restorative Classrooms: Critical Peace Education in a Juvenile Detention Home

This article describes several of the more successful critical peace education methodologies and perspectives that I was able to bring to my classroom in a juvenile detention home. For example, reflective writing and community analysis of nonviolent peace movements formed the core of my curriculum, as did critical analysis of the social processes of stereotyping and dehumanization. As a result, numerous students grew in their ability to write, express empathy with others, identify bias and articulate critical analysis of their schools, among other political systems. This analysis will contribute to the growing body of work on the practice of critical peace education. Author Bio(s) Cheryl Duckworth is an Assistant Professor of Conflict Resolution at Nova Southeastern University. Her teaching and research focus on peace education, development and conflict and social movements. Her study of the indigenous land rights movement, Land and Dignity in Paraguay, was recently published (Continuum Press, March 2011). She blogs at http://teachforpeace.blogspot.com. Email: cheryl.duckworth@nova.edu. Cover Page Footnote/Acknowledgements I would like to dedicate this article to two of the finest peace educators I know, Ms. Kate Fitzpatrick and Ms. Patricia Ross, as well as all of my ―d-home‖ students who held their heads high anyway. This article is available in Peace and Conflict Studies: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol18/iss2/3 Peace and Conflict Studies
Health Informatics for Healthcare Quality Improvement: A Literature Review of Issues, Challenges and Findings

Healthcare providers in the United States are facing increasing pressures to provide high quality healthcare at affordable prices, while being compliant with a multitude of complex laws. Recent legal developments have highlighted the role of Information Technology and related systems in providing evidence based healthcare in an efficient manner. Health Informatics has become an integral part of the rapidly advancing healthcare technology scenario, and is emerging as a key resource for healthcare quality improvement in the United States. Considering the rapid pace at which the field of health informatics is advancing, it is important for researchers and the practitioners alike to stay abreast of current literature and developments in the field. This literature review paper captures and summarizes from research literature the most significant issues, challenges and findings pertaining to the field of health informatics with a focus on healthcare quality improvement.
Chapter 112 Rewards and Behavior in First Price Auctions

Publisher Summary The trading rules for the first price auction can be summarized as follows. A single object is offered in perfectly inelastic supply to N > 2 bidders. Each bidder submits a single bid for the commodity with the understanding that the commodity will be awarded to the highest bidder at a price equal to the highest bid. This chapter examines the impact on subjects' behavior of substantial increases in the size of expected laboratory payoffs and experience in the context of a first price auction. Bidding behavior in this institution has been investigated by experimental economists for over 20 years. Virtually all studies reveal behavior in which: (1) bidding behavior across subjects is heterogeneous; and (2) subjects consistently bid above the level predicted for risk-neutral agents, behavior which is consistent with “as if risk averse.”
Impact of Porogens on the Pore Characteristics of Zirconia Particles Made by Polymer-Induced Colloid Aggregation

Zirconia particles were prepared from a 20% colloidal sol (ZrO2) by the polymer-induced colloid aggregation (PICA) process, both in the presence and absence of porogens. Specifically, porous zirconia particles having varying porosity were prepared by a two-step protocol wherein a porogen was first embedded during the particle synthesis, followed by its removal in a subsequent step. In this research study, the ability of four different types of porogens, viz. fumed silica, micronized high molecular weight polyethylene emulsion ME09730, and microcrystalline waxes ME48040M2 and ME98040M1, to impact the pore size, porosity, and pore area were investigated. Particle morphology and porosity of the resultant particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion–extrusion porosimetry, and the nitrogen adsorption–desorption sorptometry. Optimal ratios of zirconia sol and porogen to yield the largest unimodal distribution of pores were determined. Porous zirconia particles were obtained after the removal of porogen, followed by a calcination and sintering protocol. Particle aggregates were typically 7–45 μm in diameter, with BET surface areas between 21 and 54 m2/g and pores ranging from 18 to 120 nm in diameter. The nitrogen sorptometry and mercury porosimetry data of these support particles were modeled to calculate surface fractal dimension, pore accessibility parameters, pore network, and pore geometry.
Lithium Aluminum Hydride–Bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel

(LiAlH4) [16853-85-3] AlH4Li (MW 37.96) InChI = 1S/Al.Li.4H/q-1;+1;;;; InChIKey = OCZDCIYGECBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (NiCp2) [1271-28-9] C10H10Ni (MW 188.90) InChI = 1S/2C5H5.Ni/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;/h2*1-5H; InChIKey = FOOKRXHSBKEWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (desulfurization reagent for thiols, thioethers,1, 2 thioacetals,1 sulfoxides, and sulfones;2 used as a homogenous catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation3) Physical Data: see Lithium Aluminum Hydride. Solubility: see Lithium Aluminum Hydride. Reactions using the mixture are run in THF. Form Supplied in: prepared in situ from commercially available components. Preparative Methods: bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel is added as a THF solution to an equimolar amount of LiAlH4 at rt under nitrogen, resulting in the formation of a dark brown solution after 15 min. A THF solution of the organic substrate is then added to the mixture dropwise. Each carbon–sulfur bond requires at least 1 equiv of the reagent. Catalytic hydrogenation is performed in the presence of 1–5 mol % of the reagent. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: see Lithium Aluminum Hydride.
"Throwing a rock at their armored tank": civilian authority and military tobacco control.

Tobacco use is a major cause of chronic disease, disability and death among military personnel and veterans. However, civilian public health and tobacco control advocates have been relatively silent on the issue. Research on the tobacco industry shows a long history of interference in military tobacco policy through relationships with the United States (US) Congress. The military cannot autonomously implement tobacco control, but is subject to Congressional oversight. Thus, the primary obstacles to effective tobacco control in the military are Congressional political opposition and tobacco industry influence, and by extension, a lack of civilian awareness and support in the policy arena. As part of a larger project to explore the topic of civilian support for military tobacco control, we analyzed data from focus groups with public health professionals to better understand their sense of agency and authority in regards to military tobacco control. Researchers conducted 4 focus groups with a total of 36 public health professionals at key conferences for those working in public health and tobacco control. Data were coded and the research team developed an interpretive account that captured patterns and variations in the data. Public health and tobacco control participants shared a sense of futility regarding civilian efforts to engage in military tobacco control. This stemmed from feeling ignorant of military culture and structure, identifying powerful discourses that opposed tobacco control, particularly in a military context, and the very-real presence of the tobacco industry lobby throughout the policy process. A strong public health voice on military tobacco control might serve to begin problematizing the tobacco industry’s influence in the military policy arena. As the military moves to institute stronger tobacco control policy, public health and tobacco control professionals should work to engage with and aid its efforts from the outside. Only with such civilian side support can the goal of a tobacco free military be realized.
The Problem of Imitation

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the problem of imitation. It begins by threading apart the various kinds of control that social observation may exercise over a child's behavior. The aim is to distinguish imitation as one form of true observational learning. Children are the main focus of the evidence that is analyzed closely, because the primary concern is the role of imitation and observational learning in the socialization of the child. But it is not possible to arrive at an integrative theoretical view of the entire range of relevant phenomena without examining the analogous evidence from the behavior of animals. The capacities of animals are less awesome than those of children and, therefore, permit a longer look at simpler versions of the complexity of observational learning in the human case. The evidences are used to make some inferences about constraints on a theoretical conception of observational learning and imitation. The chapter also considers how a tentative outline of such a conception might be phrased in terms of cognitive and affective mechanisms of learning. Finally, the results of some experimental paradigms of socialization are presented as initial tests of the formulation of these mechanisms.
Mucosal versus muscle pain sensitivity in provoked vestibulodynia

Background An estimated 8.3%—16% of women experience vulvovaginal discomfort during their lifetime. Frequently these patients report provoked pain on contact or with attempted intercourse, commonly referred to as provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). Despite the burden of this condition, little is known about its potential etiologies including pelvic floor muscular dysfunction and mucosal components. This knowledge would be beneficial in developing targeted therapies including physical therapy.
Education and Identity in Rural France: The Politics of Schooling

Education and Identity in Rural France: The Politics of Schooling. Deborah Reed-Danahay. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 237 pp.
Circuit lower bounds collapse relativized complexity classes

Since the publication of M. Furst et al. (1984) seminal paper connecting AC/sup 0/ with the polynomial hierarchy, it has been well known that circuit lower bounds allow you to construct oracles that separate complexity classes. We show that similar circuit lower bounds allow you to construct oracles that collapse complexity classes. For example, based on Hastad's parity lower bound, we construct an oracle such that P=PH/spl sub//spl oplus/P=EXP.
Effect of castration on the high affinity glutamate transporter in rat hypothalamic and cortical synaptosomes.

High affinity transport of glutamic acid has been studied in cortical and hypothalamic synaptosomes from castrated male rats and compared to normal controls. For hypothalamic synaptosomes, both initial velocity of uptake and Va (apparent maximal velocity) were found to be about one-third lower in the castrated animals. Kt (glutamate concentration giving Va/2), however, was reduced by only 5%.