cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dialectic Decision Support Systems: The Design and Evaluation Framework

Many complex and unstructured decisions are hindered by a lack of clear understanding of various underlying assumptions and perspectives involved in the decision process. At present, little attention is paid to the elicitation of underlying assumptions and perspectives in dealing with complex issues in traditional decision support systems (DSS). We argue that the Socratic dialectic inquiry is an effective method for dealing with unstructured problems that are complex and require the involvement of different perspectives in DSS. In this paper, we propose a design for Dialectic Decision Support System (DDSS), in which dialectical processes are integrated with traditional DSS in order to support individual users. We propose the design of DDSS and formulate a conceptual model for testing the superior efficacy of DDSS compared with traditional DSS. The potential contribution of this research is in providing a greater level of support for critical thinking, dealing with complex decision problems, and identifying creative solutions.
2 n decays of 16 Be

I have estimated the decay width of $^{16}\mathrm{Be}$ for a variety of decay mechanisms: $2n$ cluster decay, sequential decay through the known $5/{2}^{+}$ state of $^{15}\mathrm{Be}$, and sequential decay through a hypothetical $1/{2}^{+}$ state in $^{15}\mathrm{Be}$. Only the cluster decay width is comparable to the reported experimental width.
Refractory diabetes insipidus leading to diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-ketotic hyperglycemia in an adolescent male.

). He developed hypop -ituitarism after surgery, requiring Hydrocortisone, Levothy-roxine, Testosterone enanthate, and desmopressin (DDAVP). Two months later, he presented with uncontrolled poly-uria despite increasing DDAVP doses up to 1.7 mg daily. A two-hour post prandial blood glucose was 400 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1C was 10.2%, consistent with diabetes melli -tus (DM). Diabetes autoimmune panel was negative. He was started on insulin Glargine and Lispro. Two days after start-ing insulin, he had a seizure consisting of staring episodes, right upper extremity shaking, right-eye deviation and uri-nary incontinence. Laboratory exam showed venous pH 7.36, sodium 139 meq/L, bicarbonate 19.3 meq/L, glucose
Temperature-Scanning Reaction Protocol Offers Insights into Activation Parameters in the Buchwald–Hartwig Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides

A temperature-scanning reaction (TSR) protocol allows deconvolution of the driving forces of concentration and temperature in a single experiment, demonstrated here for the Buchwald–Hartwig aminati...
A scoring system derived from electronic health records to identify patients at high risk for noninvasive ventilation failure.

To develop and validate a clinical risk prediction score for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure defined as intubation after a trial of NIV in non-surgical patients. Retrospective cohort study of a multihospital electronic health record database. Non-surgical adult patients receiving NIV as the first method of ventilation within two days of hospitalization. Primary outcome was intubation after a trial of NIV. We used a non-random split of the cohort based on year of admission for model development and validation. We included subjects admitted in years 2010–2014 to develop a risk prediction model and built a parsimonious risk scoring model using multivariable logistic regression. We validated the model in the cohort of subjects hospitalized in 2015 and 2016. Of all the 47,749 patients started on NIV, 11.7% were intubated. Compared with NIV success, those who were intubated had worse mortality (25.2% vs. 8.9%). Strongest independent predictors for intubation were organ failure, principal diagnosis group (substance abuse/psychosis, neurological conditions, pneumonia, and sepsis), use of invasive ventilation in the prior year, low body mass index, and tachypnea. The c-statistic was 0.81, 0.80 and 0.81 respectively, in the derivation, validation and full cohorts. We constructed three risk categories of the scoring system built on the full cohort; the median and interquartile range of risk of intubation was: 2.3% [1.9%–2.8%] for low risk group; 9.3% [6.3%–13.5%] for intermediate risk category; and 35.7% [31.0%–45.8%] for high risk category. In patients started on NIV, we found that in addition to factors known to be associated with intubation, neurological, substance abuse, or psychiatric diagnoses were highly predictive for intubation. The prognostic score that we have developed may provide quantitative guidance for decision-making in patients who are started on NIV.
Are Emerging Donors Engaging in Poor Foreign Aid Practices? A Comparison of Traditional Versus Non-Traditional Aid Agencies

Despite the rapid growth of emerging donors, these non-traditional donors are historically left out of the discussion on aid effectiveness. In this paper, we provide the first full evaluation of aid agency best practices. We rank and compare DAC (Development Assistance Committee) donors, emerging non-DAC donors, multilateral, and UN agencies in the following five best practice categories: transparency, overhead costs, aid specialization, selective allocation, and effective delivery channels. Contrary to the impression that emerging donors engage in worse practices, we find that non-DAC agencies rank similarly to DAC donors: both groups are equally poor performers. Emerging donors engage in less aid fragmentation and do not use ineffective delivery channels. Traditional DAC donors, however, are more transparent. Overall, we find that multilateral agencies and UN donors outperform both DAC and non-DAC bilateral agencies. Collectively, our results suggest that most aid donors do not meet their own standards for best practices, and this finding is not unique to emerging donors. We highlight how our results reflect the broader political economy of aid allocation.
Personnel Power: Governing State-Owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) retain a strong presence in many economies around the world. How do governments manage these firms given their dual economic and political nature? Many states use authority over executive appointments as a key means of governing SOEs. We analyze the nature of this “personnel power” by assessing patterns in SOE leaders’ political mobility in China, the country with the largest state-owned sector. Using logit and multinomial models on an original dataset of central SOE leaders’ attributes and company information from 2003 to 2017, we measure the effects of economic performance and political connectedness on leaders’ likelihood of staying in power. We find that leaders of well-performing firms and those with patronage ties to elites in charge of their evaluation are more likely to stay in office. These findings suggest that states can leverage personnel power in pursuit of economic and political stability when SOE management is highly politically integrated.
Treatment of Older Adults with Cancer - Addressing Gaps in Evidence.

Treatment of Older Adults with Cancer Older adults with cancer are underrepresented in clinical research. Because of insufficient data, such patients and their physicians must make life-altering tr...
Streptomyces and Bacillus species utilize volatile organic compounds to impact Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum race 4 (Fov4) virulence and suppress Fusarium wilt in Pima cotton

Emergence of a highly virulent Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum race 4 (Fov4) with aggressiveness towards Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense) has raised significant concern for cotton producers while revealing challenges in soil-borne cotton disease management strategies which rely heavily on crop resistance and chemical controls. An alternative management approach uses antagonistic bacteria as biocontrol agents against Fov4. Initial studies showed a unique combination of bacteria Bacillus Rz141 and Streptomyces HC658 isolates displayed a mutualistic relationship capable of altering Fov4 growth. Notably, experimental design placed Fov4 between each isolate preventing direct physical contact of bacterial colonies. These observations led us to hypothesize that bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) impact the growth and virulence of Fov4. Ensuring physical separation, I-plate cultures showed Rz141 had a VOC inhibition of 24%. Similarly, physically separated cultures of Rz141 and HC658 showed slight increase in VOC inhibition, 26% with some loss of Fov4 pigmentation. Pathogenicity assays where Fov4-infected Pima cotton was exposed to VOCs from physically separated Rz141 and HC658 showed VOCs can suppress Fov4 infection and reduce tissue darkening. Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere bacteria can use VOCs as a communication tool impacting fungal physiology and virulence, and ultimately Fov4-cotton interactions without direct physical contact.
Group B streptococcal infection and activation of human astrocytes.

Background Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is the leading cause of life-threatening meningitis in human newborns in industrialized countries. Meningitis results from neonatal infection that occurs when GBS leaves the bloodstream (bacteremia), crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and enters the central nervous system (CNS), where the bacteria contact the meninges. Although GBS is known to invade the BBB, subsequent interaction with astrocytes that physically associate with brain endothelium has not been well studied.
Performance evaluation of word-aligned compression methods for bitmap indices

Bitmap indices are a widely used scheme for large read-only repositories in data warehouses and scientific databases. This binary representation allows the use of bit-wise operations for fast query processing and is typically compressed using run-length encoding techniques. Most bitmap compression techniques are aligned using a fixed encoding length (32 or 64 bits) to avoid explicit decompression during query time. They have been proposed to extend or enhance word-aligned hybrid (WAH) compression. This paper presents a comparative study of four bitmap compression techniques: WAH, PLWAH, CONCISE, and EWAH. Experiments are targeted to identify the conditions under which each method should be applied and quantify the overhead incurred during query processing. Performance in terms of compression ratio and query time is evaluated over synthetic-generated bitmap indices, and results are validated over bitmap indices generated from real data sets. Different query optimizations are explored, query time estimation formulas are defined, and the conditions under which one method should be preferred over another are formalized.
Least Absolute Regression Revisited: A Simple Labeling Method for Finding a Lar Line

We describe a method for fitting a least absolute residual (LAR) line through a set of two–dimensional points. The algorithm is based on a labeling technique derived from linear programming. It is suited for interactive data analysis and can be carried out with graph paper and a programmable hand calculator. Tests conducted with a Pascal program indicate that the algorithm is computationally efficient.
Diminutive-formation in German: Spelling out the classifier analysis

In German, mass nouns can be turned into count nouns by means of two alternative strategies: either by using them in connection with a numeral classifier, or by adding the diminutive morpheme (-chen). In this paper, I argue that the two strategies are structurally exactly parallel, with both kinds of elements (numeral classifiers and diminutive -chen) being exponents of an individuating functional head. The (superficial) difference is that -chen—which I show is a clitic-like element—triggers obligatory movement of the nominalized root to its Spec. By contrast, this movement is optional with a (non-deficient) numeral classifier, yielding both ‘analytic’ and ‘compound’ forms. The picture that emerges from the discussion is a unified analysis of count structures in German.
Human engineering considerations in designing a computerized controlled access security system

The authors describe human engineering effort in the design of a major security system upgrade at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This upgrade was to be accomplished by replacing obsolete and difficult-to-man (i.e. multiple-operator task actions required) security equipment and systems with a new, automated, computer-based access control system. The computerized access system was intended to control entry-sensitive exclusion areas by requiring personnel to use an entry-booth-based system and/or a remote-access control panel system. Each of the entry systems presented some common design objectives, such as accommodating a user population which ranged from 39 in. to 78 in. However, the booth entry system presented a large number of unique and challenging problems relating to the handicapped portion of the laboratory population. The result of the preliminary design effort was the fabrication of a static-scale mock-up of the entry booth system and the remote control panel system. Design studies and tests were conducted using a full-scale mock-up and two operational prototypes. >
Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in the Soleus Muscle of 30-Month-Old Rats After Calorie Restriction With or Without Acute Exercise

Exercise and calorie restriction (CR) can each improve insulin sensitivity in older individuals, but benefits of combining these treatments on skeletal muscle insulin signaling and glucose uptake are poorly understood, especially in predominantly slow-twitch muscles (eg, soleus). Accordingly, our purpose was to determine independent and combined effects of prior acute exercise and CR (beginning at 14 weeks old) on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated soleus muscles of 30-month-old rats. CR alone (but not exercise alone) versus ad libitum sedentary controls induced greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. There was a main effect of diet (CR > ad libitum) for insulin-stimulated Akt(Ser473) and Akt(Thr308) phosphorylation. CR alone versus ad libitum sedentary increased Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Ser(588) phosphorylation and TBC1D1 Thr(596), but not AS160 Thr(642) phosphorylation or abundance of GLUT4, GLUT1, or hexokinase II proteins. Combined CR and exercise versus CR alone did not further increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake although phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473), Akt(Thr308), TBC1D1(Thr596), and AMPK(Thr172) for the combined group exceeded values for CR and/or exercise alone. These results revealed that although the soleus was highly responsive to a CR-induced enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the exercise protocol did not elevate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, either alone or when combined with CR.
Quickening nature’s pulse : atomic agriculture at the International Atomic Energy Agency

Mutation breeders in the 1960s seemed poised to use atomic energy to speed up mutation rates in plants in order to develop new crop varieties, for the benefit of all people. Although skepticism had slowed this work in the United States, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nurtured the scientific field, its community of experts, and an imagined version of the future that put humans in control of their destiny. The IAEA acted as a center of dissemination and support for experts and ideas even when they had fallen from favor elsewhere. Through the lens of the IAEA, plant breeding bore the appearance of a socially progressive, ultra-modern science destined to alleviate population pressures. Administrators at the IAEA also were desperate for success stories, hoping to highlight mutation plant breeding as a potential solution to the world's ills. The community of mutation plant breeders gained a lifeline from the consistent clarion call from the Vienna-based agency to use atomic energy to understand the natural world and quicken its pulse with radioisotopes.
Young Adults’ Management of Privacy on Facebook with Multiple Generations of Family Members

How young adults communicate with multiple generations of family members today includes the use of Facebook to maintain family relationships. This study applies communication privacy management (CPM) theory to explore how young adults interact with and manage private information across different generations of their family through Facebook. Overall, 383 young adult participants completed an online survey about online and offline Facebook communication among siblings, parents, and grandparents. Participants interacted with siblings most often through Facebook, followed by parents, and grandparents. The interior family privacy orientation and Facebook privacy management practices significantly predicted variations of online and offline Facebook communication with siblings, parents, and grandparents about social media. The study also examined different types of Facebook socialization messages that young adults conveyed to family members about effective Facebook interactions and ways to preempt privacy breakd...
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensive Periodontal Therapy on Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With ESRD: Results of an Exploratory Study

Background Periodontitis is a novel risk factor for inflammation and cardiovascular disease in the dialysis population. Limited information exists about the impact of periodontal therapy in patients receiving dialysis. Study Design Randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility and gather preliminary data. Setting & Participants Dialysis patients with moderate/severe chronic periodontitis. Intervention Intensive treatment, consisting of scaling and root planing, extraction of hopeless teeth, and placement of local-delivery antibiotics, was performed at the baseline visit for treatment-group patients and after study completion for control-group patients. Outcomes Outcomes were feasibility (screening, recruitment, enrollment, adverse events, and study withdrawal/completion), clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival index, and plaque index), and serum albumin and interleukin 6 levels at 3 and 6 months postintervention. Results 342 dialysis patients were approached for participation: 53 were randomly assigned, with 26 participants assigned to immediate treatment and 27 assigned to a control arm for treatment after 6 months. 51 patients completed baseline appointments; 46 were available for 3-month follow-up, 45 were available for 6-month follow-up examinations, and 43 completed all visits. At 3 months, there was a statistically significant improvement for the treatment group compared to the control group for 3 periodontal parameters: mean probing depth ( P = 0.008), extent of probing depth ≥4 mm ( P = 0.02), and extent of gingival index ≥1 ( P = 0.01). However, by 6 months, the difference between groups was no longer present for any variable except probing depth ≥4 mm ( P = 0.04). There was no significant difference between groups for serum albumin or high-sensitivity interleukin 6 level at any time when adjusted for body mass index, diabetic status, and plaque index. Limitations Small sample size and relatively healthy population, imbalance in diabetes. Conclusions This small trial demonstrates successful cooperation between dentists and nephrologists and successful recruitment, treatment, and retention of dialysis patients with periodontitis. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine whether treatment can improve markers of inflammation and morbidity.
Pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 for foals and adult pony mares

Abstract Three pony mares and 4 pony foals were inoculated with a subtype 2 strain of equine herpesvirus 1. Foals had periods of fever 12 h and 3.5 days after inoculation and leukopenia, involving both neutrophils and lymphocytes, followed by leukocytosis. Mares had transient fever and leukopenia 24 hours after inoculation that were less severe than in foals. An increase in circulating virus-neutralizing antibody was seen in 2 of 3 inoculated mares, but not in foals. Attempts to isolate virus from blood were unsuccessful. These studies show that equine herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 is a mild pathogen for ponies and infection may result in inapparent clinical disease.
Soil removal as a rate process

The rate of soil removal during multiple cycle washing has been studied for three artificially soiled cotton test cloths. Results are considered in relation to a soil removal rate concept proposed some years ago by Vaughn, Vittone, and Smith. It is shown that the rate of removal for these soils, when washed in the Terg-O-Tometer with a built, anionic, synthetic detergent, does not correspond to a simple first order rate process as proposed by Vaughn et al. Rather, it was found that under a variety of washing situations the percentage soil removal increased linearly with the log of cumulative wash time. Further, it was shown that for those experiments involving detergent concentration or level of mechanical action, the slopes of these log time relationships, which reflect the rate of soil removal, vary in the expected manner.
Current Speed and Filtration Rate Link Caddisfly Phylogeny and Distributional Patterns on a Stream Gradient

Patterns of body size and net construction suggest that current speed and food-particle concentration (not size) influence the distribution of suspension-feeding caddisflies on a downstream gradient. Large ancestral taxa with high filtration rates occur in resource-poor upstream habitats; more derived members of the phylogeny enter successively in downstream reaches with slower current and greater concentrations of particulate food.
Direct pH Determinations of Setting Cements. I. A Test Method and the Effects of Storage Time and Media

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUADETERMINATIONES DIRECTE DEL PH DE CEMENTOS IN PROCESSO DE PRISA.—In general, le massa interne del cementos esseva minus acide que le superficie externe. Le pH de omne le cementos montava in le curso del tempore. Inter le materiales investigate, cementos a phosphato de zinc e a argento e phosptiato de zinc habeva le plus rapide augmentos, Le plus acide del materiales investigate esseva le cementos a cupro rubie e a cupro nigre. Le pH del cementos a silicate jaceva inter illo del eementoa a cupro e illo del cementos a phosphato de silicium. Esseva trovate un relation directe inter le pH de silicatos e le proportion de liquido a pulvere: quanta plus sgisse le mixtura, tanto plus alte le pH.
Relationship between the conductivity and the glass temperature for hopping systems

A relationship between the glass temperature and the steady-state conductivity is derived for hopping-conduction systems generally. The glass temperature is given simply in terms of experimentally obtainable quantities. The steady-state conductivity just above the glass temperature depends only on the density of states and the relaxation time to steady state.
The Nasolabial Fold Donor Site for Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts of Nasal Tip Defects

background. The nasal tip has unique skin texture, geographic, and topographic qualities that frequently make repair of defects in this area difficult from the standpoint of function and cosmesis. objective. To assess seven outcome variables of function and cosmesis in 41 patients who underwent nasolabial graft repair for nasal tip defects. methods. A retrospective review of photographic and written records as well as person to person and phone interviews with 41 patients who underwent nasolabial graft repair of nasal tip defects after Mohs micrographic surgery was performed. Seven outcome variables were assessed. Follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 28 months. results. Patient and doctor evaluators rated overall outcome as good or excellent in 95% and 89% of cases respectively. conclusion. We consider the nasolabial graft to be an important reconstructive option for nasal tip defects when the underlying cartilage is not involved.
Familial Factors Related to Suicidal Ideation of Latina Adolescents in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a Latina adolescent's perception of mother connectedness, father connectedness, parental caring, autonomy granting from parents, and parental interest in their child's school life predicts suicidal ideation above and beyond known risk factors of adolescent depression and acculturation. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Wave 1, 2 secondary logistic regression data analyses were conducted on a sample of 345 Latina adolescents. Results of correlational analyses indicated that perceived mother connectedness, father connectedness, parental caring, and academic interest were positively related; depression and nativity were negatively related to reports of suicidal ideation. Additionally, in a model with adolescents who reported having both a mother and father figure present in their life, depression and academic interest were significant predictors of suicidal ideation. In a second model, which included all Latinas regardless of the presence of both parents, depression, nativity, perceived academic interest, and caring were significant predictors. Implications are discussed for suicide prevention and intervention with Latina adolescents.
Coherent acoustic wave amplification/damping by wrinkled flames

Abstract The objective of this paper is to determine the conditions under which a monochromatic acoustic wave incident upon a wrinkled flame is amplified or damped. Recent experiments and analysis have demonstrated that the wrinkled characteristics of the flame act as a source of damping of coherent acoustic energy. This coherent energy is fed into spectrally broadened, incoherent acoustic oscillations. It is also known, however, that acoustic disturbances generate fluctuations in the flame burning velocity and surface area that amplify the acoustic field. Thus, the overall energy in the coherent field depends upon the relative balance between these competing amplification and damping processes. This paper describes an analysis that incorporates these competing processes to determine the conditions under which either dominates. The analysis includes such factors as the response of the mass burning rate to acoustic perturbations, the temperature change across the flame, and the geometric complexities of the temporally evolving, wrinkled front. Solutions show that acoustic wave amplification/damping characteristics are controlled by the wavelength of the disturbance, the probability density function of the flame front position and orientation, the incident wave angle, the temperature jump across the flame, and the response of the mass burning rate to acoustic perturbations.
Periodically time-varying system: An instability criterion

Two theorems on the instability of a periodically time-varying system are stated. Their relationship to recently published results on instability is discussed. Proofs, made elementary by the assumption of periodicity, are given.
The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Myocardium During Hypothermic Preservation of the Heart

WHOLE RGAN PRES RVATION IS ONE of the major problems in organ hanspkntation d a y . Organ rejection is the other major problem becausc the technical problem* of organ hamplantation is now largely resolved. Techniques of whole organ p r v a t i o n have consisted of hypothermia,"'""~"' hyperbaric oxygen,"" perfusion, combinations of these, and complementary measurn such as the use of additive agents' or inwcascd atmospheric presure" to lower the fraezing point to prevent cellular destruction by crystallization in order t o increase the length of time of preservation. Hypothermia has bxn demonstrated to be effective in the preservation of the myocardium as well as other tissud' and organs. Dimethyl sulf~xide'"''~ has been investigated in the pmervation of & and organs during hypothermia This aperirnent was devised to determine whether dimethyl sulfoxide used during hypothermia is an effective adjunct in cardiac presenation. A solution of 15 per cent diiethyl sulfoxide was uscd with controls preserved in normal saline solution. Variables were preservation temperahlrer (10'C. to minus W C . ) and the length of p-ation time.
The magnetic susceptibility of small palladium particles

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility, κ, of small Pd particles supported on silica gel and alumina has been studied at 150 and 298 K as a function of metal dispersion, D, over a range of 0.1 to 0.8. As ferromagnetic impurities prevented the correct measurement of κ, a new method was developed which is based on the known observation that exposure of the samples to 30 kPa of H2 for 1800 s at both 150 and 298 K masks the major fraction of the paramagnetic susceptibility of Pd. Values of this quantity, denoted as κsp decrease linearly with increasing D at both 150 and 298 K and can be extrapolated to a temperature independent value at complete dispersion (D = 1). This value is considered to be a surface susceptibility as it is found to be equal, for all samples, to Δ κ sp D where Δκsp is the difference of κsp for samples without and with a monolayer of chemisorbed hydrogen.
Interaction between CD44 and the repeat domain of ankyrin promotes hyaluronic acid-mediated ovarian tumor cell migration.

The adhesion molecule, CD44, interacts with ankyrin within its cytoplasmic domain and binds to hyaluronic acid (HA) at its extracellular domain. In this study, we focused on the functional domain in ankyrin (in particular, the ankyrin repeat domain [ARD]) responsible for CD44 binding and its role in regulating HA-mediated ovarian tumor cell function. Using recombinant fragments of ankyrin (e.g., ARD and subdomain 1 [S1, aa1-aa217], subdomain 2 [S2, aa218-aa381], subdomain 3 [S3, aa382-aa612], and subdomain 4 [S4, aa613-aa834]) and in vitro binding assays, we determined that the S2 but not S1, S3, or S4 of ARD is the primary ankyrin binding region for CD44. Microinjection of antiglutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged S2 or GST-tagged ARD fusion protein into CD44-positive ovarian tumor cells (e.g., SKOV3 cell line) promotes ankyrin association with CD44 in plaque-like structures and membrane projections. Additionally, we demonstrated that transfection of SKOV3 cells with S2cDNA or ARD cDNA results in an upregulation of HA-mediated tumor cell migration. Taken together, we believe that the S2 of the ARD plays a pivotal role in the direct binding to CD44 and promotes the cytoskeleton activation required for HA-mediated function such as ovarian tumor cell migration. J. Cell. Physiol. 183:182–195, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A classification of hydrogen-bonding solvents by sonic velocity measurements

The relative hydrogen-bonding capabilities (γw) of various solvents and mixtures were determined by measuring their effect upon a paper web using nondestructive sonic velocity techniques. Some exceptionally strong H-bonding solvents are identified.
Application of transcranial cerebral oxygen monitoring during the balloon occlusion test

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the value of transcranial cerebral oximeter in combination with other monitoring techniques during the balloon occlusion test. In this study 22 patients underwent balloon occlusion testing and were monitored by neurological examination, electroencephalography, transcranial Doppler, and transcranial cerebral oximetry. Eighteen patients had an intracranial aneurysm and four patients had skull base meningiomas. Seventeen patients passed the test without any symptoms. One patient underwent extracranial-intracranial by-pass surgery after failing the first test and passed the second test after the treatment. Transcranial cerebral oximeter showed 10% or less decrease in rSO2 in patients who passed the test and 10% or higher decrease in rSO2 for more than one minute in patients who failed. Electroencephalography and cerebral oximetry are found to be the most dependable monitoring methods for predicting neurological deficits after balloon inflation. Transcranial cerebral oximeter has provided non- invasive monitoring with real-time quantitative information and it was very useful during the balloon occlusion test.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Issues in simultaneous HMD display of multireference frames for helicopter applications

A preliminary study was conducted to investigate the use of reference markers found in the head-fixed frame as an aid to reference frame awareness during aircraft flight while using a helmet mounted display. Three reference-cueing displays were compared: (1) Sparse Reference display: all cockpit and airframe markers removed except for the instrument panel, (2) Cockpit Reference display: entire cockpit environment visible, and (3) Geo/Cockpit Reference display: cockpit environment visible with the addition of a surrounding wire-frame globe. The visual scenery was displayed to subjects using a helmet-mounted virtual reality device that had a 40 X 50 degree field of view liquid crystal display. The study involved six pilots. The task was to locate targets from aural alert information. The aural alerts were based in either the Aircraft reference frame (i.e. target clock position relative to the aircraft nose), or the World reference frame (i.e. target bearing). These tasks were conducted while the subject rode through abrupt maneuvering flight at low level in a fixed-based Cobra helicopter simulator. Performance measures of the pilot's ability to discriminate the intended target from secondary targets in the visual field were collected, as well as subjective ratings for each reference display. The Geo/Cockpit Reference display produced the highest target detection scores for both Aircraft and World-reference alerts. The highest overall detection scores were produced when World-referenced alerts were issued while using the Geo/Cockpit display. The Cockpit display scores were higher than the Sparse display's for both alert types. Subjective scores showed pilot preference for the Geo/Cockpit Reference display over the two displays for both Aircraft and World-reference alerts. A secondary exploratory experiment using the same tasking as the initial experiment was also conducted which observed the effect of peripheral cues. Target detection scores for both alert types decreased when peripheral cues were removed from the Cockpit display. Detection scores also decreased with the removal of peripheral cues from the Geo/Cockpit display during the Aircraft-referenced alerts.
Competition among aromatic guests for the host tetrakis (4-methylpyridine) nickel(II) isothiocyanate and a basis for the observed selectivity

In continuing attempts to determine the basis for the selectivity shown by the host Ni(4-mepy)4(NCS)2 (1) toward aromatic guests, distribution data between solid and liquid phases are reported for seven ternary systems at room temperature. These consist of1,p-xylene, and each of the following:p-bromotoluene,p-chlorotoluene,p-fluorotoluene,p-dichlorobenzene, benzene, and 4-methylpyridine, as well as the system1-p-chlorotoluene-p-dichlorobenzene. The results, as well as those for five systems already published, have been reviewed and a hierarchy of selectivity developed. After correcting the observed selectivity for inequality of guest vapour pressures the order of decreasing preference is found to bep-bromotoluene >p-dichlorobenzene >p-chlorotoluene > deuterated and protiatedp-xylenes > ethylbenzene > 4-methylpyridine >p-fluorotoluene > toluene > benzene. With the exception of 4-methylpyridine, this is the same as the order of decreasing van der Waals length of the guest molecule and, where known, the order of enthalpy of inclusion. Although longer guest molecules and those with higher vapour pressures are favoured in selectivity, guests with longer molecules are likely to have lower vapour pressures. The activity coefficients of the included guests are calculated assuming that the liquid phases follow Raoult's law.
Diagnosis of CIDP.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disease that targets the myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves. In clinical practice the diagnosis is often difficult to make because of the clinical heterogeneity of the disease, its multifocality and predilection for proximal nerve segments, and the limitations of our electrophysiologic and pathologic techniques. Although there are rather stringent research criteria for selecting patients to clinical trials, there are no generally agreed-on clinical diagnostic criteria for CIDP, and application of the research criteria to routine clinical practice would miss the diagnosis in a majority of patients. Because of this uncertainty, the prevalence of CIDP is greatly underestimated, and patients are often left untreated despite progression of their disease. However, given what is known about the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of CIDP, patients with neuropathy of otherwise unknown etiology are more likely to have CIDP than idiopathic axonal neuropathy, and warrant a trial of therapy if they have nerve conduction velocities below the lower limits of normal, prolongation of F-waves beyond the normal range, or presence of conduction block or temporal dispersion. A favorable response to therapy, consisting of stabilization or improvement of the neuropathy, would confirm the diagnosis.
NATURAL AND INDUCED DIFFERENCES IN PROBING BEHAVIOR OF TWO BIOTYPES OF THE GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM, IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE IN SORGHUM

A recently discovered biotype of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), biotype E (GBE), was found to grow and reproduce at approximately twice the rate of biotype C (GBC) on a GBC-resistant variety of sorghum, IS 809. The probing behavior of both biotypes was electronically monitored on IS 809. Aphids of GBE established committed phloem ingestion (CPI) (i.e., ingestion from the phloem lasting > 15 min) in a significantly shorter amount of time than did aphids of GBC. The total duration of phloem ingestion during a 24 hr period was significantly longer for GBE than for GBC, but this can be partially accounted for by the shorter time needed for aphids of GBE to establish initial CPI. Once CPI was initiated, aphids of both biotypes tended to ingest for long periods (> 8 hr) from the phloem of IS 809 during the 24 hr assay. Further experiments showed that GBC exposed to IS 809 for at least 24 hr prior to being monitored on this variety also reached the phloem faster, established CPI sooner, and spent longer feeding from the phloem than did GBC without previous exposure to this variety. The significance of these findings towards an understanding of the mechanism of resistance of IS 809 to GBC and to the breakdown of this resistance to GBE is discussed. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Naturliche und induzierte Unterschiede im Probierverhalten zweier Biotypen von Schizaphis graminum Wachstum und Fortpflanzung beim kurzlich entdeckten Biotyp E (GBE) von Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) war ungefahr zweimal grosser als bei Biotyp C (GBC) und zwar auf der GBC-resistenten Sorghumsorte IS 809. Das Stechverhalten beider Biotypen wurde auf IS 809 elektronisch verfolgt. GBE-Lause begannen erheblich schneller mit der ununter-brochenen Saftaufnahme (dh Saftaufnahme, die mehr als 15 Minuten anhielt) als GBC-Lause. Die Gesamtzeit der Saftaufnahme innerhalb 24 Stunden war bei GBE erheblich langer als bei GBC. Dies ist zum Teil darauf zuruckzufuhren, dass die GBE-Lause weniger Zeit brauchten, um mit der ununter-brochenen Saftaufnahme zu beginnen. Wenn diese einmal begonnen hatte, nahmen beide Biotypen gewohnlich wahrend langer Perioden (uber 8 Stunden) Saft von IS 809 auf. Weitere Experimente zeigten, dass GBC-Lause, die mindestens 24 Stunden vor der Beobachtungszeit Zugang zu IS 809 gehabt hatten, Saft schneller fanden, ununterbrochene Saftaufnahme fruher begannen und die Saftaufnahme langer fortsetzten als GBC, die vorher nicht Zugang zu dieser Sorte gehabt hatten. Die Bedeutung dieser Beobachtungen fur das Verstandnis des Resistenzmechanismus von IS 809 gegen GBC und des Zusammenbruchs dieser Resistenz gegen GBE wird besprochen.
Characterization of the scale on oxidized Fe-Ni-Cr alloys using grazing emission x-ray fluorescence.

Grazing emission X-ray fluorescence (GEXRF, or refracted X-ray fluorescence-RXF) has been used to characterize the oxide scale (predominately chromia) which formed on an alloy of 55Fe-25Cr-20Ni (wt%) after oxidation for 4 h at 750{sup o}C in O{sub 2}. Angle dependent X-ray emission spectra I({theta}) were acquired for three elements, Cr, Fe and Ni. The measured data were fit by adjusting scale parameters in the calculated spectra such that I({theta}) data were simultaneously fit for all three elements. It is shown that the calculated spectra are sensitive to scale thickness, to the Cr depletion zone that develops in the substrate at the scale-metal interface, and to the concentration of Fe and Ni atoms dissolved in the scale. The very demanding requirements imposed by simultaneously fitting all three measured I({theta}) curves provide a satisfactory determination of these scale parameters. The GEXRF measurements showed that the scale was about 0.5 {mu}m thick, with an underlying Cr depletion zone extending about 4 {mu}m (midpoint) into the substrate. The average Cr concentration in this depletion zone was reduced from the preoxidized value of 25 to 22.2 wt%. The scale contained about 2. 4 at% of Fe and less than 0.5 at% Ni. These measurements demonstratemore » that GEXRF can, in a single nondestructive measurement, provide key information needed to characterize a thermally grown chromia scale.« less
Impact detection, location, and characterization using spatially weighted distributed fiber optic sensors

The ability to detect, localize and characterize impacts in real time is of critical importance for the safe operation of aircraft, spacecraft and other vehicles, particularly in light of the increasing use of high performance composite materials with unconventional and often catastrophic failure modes. Although a number of systems based on fiber optic sensors have been proposed or demonstrated, they have generally proved not to be useful due to difficulty of implementation, limited accuracy or high cost. In this paper, we present the results of an investigation using two spatially weighted distributed fiber optic sensors to detect, localize and characterize impacts along an extended linear region. By having the sensors co-located with one having sensitivity to impacts ranging from low to high along its length while the other sensor has sensitivity ranging from high to low along the same path, impacts can be localized and their magnitudes determined using a very simple algorithm. A theoretical description of the techniques is given and compared with experimental results.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Distribution of ORL-1 receptor binding and receptor-activated G-proteins in rat forebrain and their experimental localization in anterior cingulate cortex.

Abstract Opioid receptor-like (ORL-1) receptors and ORL-1-activated G-proteins are found in high levels in the forebrain, particularly cingulate cortex, an area involved in processing of nociceptive stimuli. [ 3 H]nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and N/OFQ-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS autoradiography in rat brain were used to localize ORL-1 receptors and activated G-proteins, respectively. N/OFQ binding and activated G-proteins were highest in anterior cingulate, agranular insula, piriform, perirhinal and entorhinal cortices; midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei; and subnuclei of the amygdala and hippocampus. In anterior cingulate area 24, [ 3 H]N/OFQ and N/OFQ-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS binding were highest in layers V and VI. The cellular localization of ORL-1 receptors and activated G-proteins in area 24 was examined using two strategies: ibotenic acid injection into the cortex or undercut lesions to remove afferent axons, followed by autoradiography. Ibotenic acid lesions that destroyed neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex decreased [ 3 H]N/OFQ binding by 75–80% and reduced N/OFQ-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS binding to basal levels seen in the absence of agonist. Deafferentation lesions increased [ 3 H]N/OFQ binding by 40–50%, with no significant change in N/OFQ-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS binding. These data demonstrate that ORL-1 receptors in layer V of anterior cingulate cortex are located on somatodendritic elements and that deafferentation increases ORL-1 receptor binding.
Burial and exhumation of temperate bedrock reefs as elucidated by repetitive high-resolution sea floor sonar surveys: Spatial patterns and impacts to species' richness and diversity

Abstract To understand how chronic sediment burial and scour contribute to variation in the structure of algal and invertebrate communities on temperate bedrock reefs, the dynamics of the substrate and communities were monitored at locations that experience sand inundation and adjacent areas that do not. Co-located benthic scuba-transect surveys and high-resolution swath-sonar surveys were completed on bedrock reefs on the inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, in early winter 2009, spring 2010, and summer 2010. Analysis of the sonar surveys demonstrates that during the 8 months over which the surveys were conducted, 19.6% of the study area was buried by sand while erosion resulted in the exposure of bedrock over 13.8% of the study area; the remainder underwent no change between the surveys. Substrate classifications from the benthic transect surveys correlated with classifications generated from the sonar surveys, demonstrating the capacity of high-resolution sonar surveys to detect burial of bedrock reefs by sediment. On bedrock habitat that underwent burial and exhumation, species' diversity and richness of rock-associated sessile and mobile organisms were 50–66% lower as compared to adjacent stable bedrock habitat. While intermediate levels of disturbance can increase the diversity and richness of communities, these findings demonstrate that burial and exhumation of bedrock habitat are sources of severe disturbance. We suggest that substrate dynamics must be considered when developing predictions of benthic community distributions based on sea floor imagery. These results highlight the need for predictive models of substrate dynamics and for a better understanding of how burial and exhumation shape benthic communities.
Clocinnamox dose-dependently antagonizes morphine-analgesia and [3H]DAMGO binding in rats

Clocinnamox is a long-lasting, nonequilibrium, mu-opioid receptor antagonist in mice and monkeys. The present studies examined the in vivo and ex vivo effects of clocinnamox in rats. Under control conditions, morphine dose-dependently increased tail-withdrawal latencies from 50 degrees C water, with a mean ED50 of 7.3 +/- 1.1 mg/kg. Clocinnamox antagonized the antinociceptive effects of morphine. 1.0 mg/kg clocinnamox displaced the morphine dose-response curve 4-fold to the right of the control curve and 10 mg/kg clocinnamox eliminated morphine's antinociceptive effects at doses up to 1000 mg/kg for at least seven days. There was a gradual recovery of the antinociceptive response to morphine; however, the morphine dose-response curve did not return to its original position by five weeks after 10 mg/kg clocinnamox. Whole brain membranes were prepared from separate groups of rats for determination of binding parameters of [3H][D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO). Clocinnamox dose-dependently decreased [3H]DAMGO binding ex vivo and the decreased binding was a result of changes in Bmax. The control Bmax for [3H]DAMGO was 234 +/- 8 fmol/mg protein; in membranes prepared from rats pretreated with 10 mg/kg clocinnamox, the Bmax value for [3H]DAMGO was 54 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein. The Bmax values for [3H]DAMGO binding after an injection of 10 mg/kg clocinnamox returned towards control values gradually, four weeks after clocinnamox the Bmax was 178 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein. These results suggest that clocinnamox is a long-lasting, nonequilibrium mu-opioid receptor antagonist in rats.