cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-contrast gratings for integrated optoelectronics

A new class of planar optics has emerged using subwavelength gratings with a large refractive index contrast, herein referred to as high-contrast gratings (HCGs). This seemingly simple structure lends itself to extraordinary properties, which can be designed top-down based on intuitive guidelines. The HCG is a single layer of high-index material that can be as thin as 15% of one wavelength. It can be designed to reflect or transmit nearly completely and with specific optical phase over a broad spectral range and/or various incident beam angles. We present a simple theory providing an intuitive phase selection rule to explain the extraordinary features. Our analytical results agree well not only with numerical simulations but also experimental data. The HCG has made easy fabrication of surface-normal optical devices possible, including vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), tunable VCSELs, and tunable filters. HCGs can be designed to result in high-quality-factor (Q) resonators with surface-normal output, which is promising for wafer-scale lasers and optical sensors. Spatially chirped HCGs are shown to be excellent focusing reflectors and lenses with very high numerical apertures. This field has seen rapid advances in experimental demonstrations and theoretical results. We provide an overview of the underlying new physics and the latest results of devices.
DBMS and AI: is there any common point of view?

Recent workshops have explored commonality among the points of view of AL, DBMS and programming language researchers. On the surface, it would appear that DBMS researchers are building smarter data base systems and that AL researchers are building expert systems containing a knowledge base. However, it appears that there is minimal commonality to the points of view expressed by these communities. Therefore, the author is dubious of any significant cross fertilisation. He illustrates a few differences in points of view in the two communities by 3 examples.
Childhood vaccinations and autism, 1998-2010: expert domains in formal information exchanges

Questions about a link between the administration of the pediatric measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine and subsequent diagnoses of autism have diffused widely through both the professional medical literature as well as through mass-market media publications in recent years. A 1998 study in Lancet (Wakefield et al.) proposed the initial MMR-autism link, and as of this writing, has received over 600 citations per ISI's Web of Science database. The publication of this study, and the controversy and criticism that followed it, coincides with the rapid growth in the scope of Internet information resources and the number of Internet users (Madden, 2006), and represents a unique opportunity to explore the intersection of expert and non-expert conversations about an issue of health, science, and public policy, mediated, in part, by a digital information environment. While there is no shortage of bibliometric study examining some of the media dimensions of this issue (Hilton, Hunt, Langan, Hamilton, & Petticrew, 2009; Lewis & Speers, 2003; Smith, Ellenberg, Bell, & Rubin, 2008), this study proposes a novel view by choosing an information-based unit of analysis that qualitatively identifies the invocation of published scientific research and governmental policy as "boundary objects" in published discourse, and as possible evidence of assertions of authority in a controversial arena. This present study represents the first part of this effort -- a content analysis of the expert literature domain of a controversial topic in an effort to identify themes and patterns that may be applied to a larger (and more diverse) corpus of non-expert literature, and to ultimately help create a more informed theoretical framework for boundary-spanning digital collections.
Burnout and Stress, Depression and Self-Esteem of Teachers:

33 teachers from one institutional school setting and 59 teachers from three north central school districts volunteered to complete and return Beck's Depression Scale, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory--Adult Form, Stress Profile for Teachers, and the Staff Burnout Scale for Mental Health Professionals. Analysis of variance (2 x 2) for teaching level (grade and high school) by sex showed those teaching regular classrooms is grade school experienced less burnout and stress than did high school teachers. There was no sex difference. In the institutional setting there was a significant difference on burnout scores between men and women who taught high school; their scores were higher than those of the male grade school teachers. Burnout lie scores were also significantly higher for female high school teachers than for both male and female grade school teachers. Scores on stress were significantly higher for male high school teachers than for both female high school teachers and male grade school teachers.
Gleaning relapse risk from B cell phenotype: decreased CD5+ B cells portend a shorter time to relapse after B cell depletion in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis

B cell depletion is an effective remission induction and maintenance therapy in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).1–6 Rituximab targets both pathogenic effector B cells and protective regulatory B cells. To avoid infections and adverse events from therapy, clinicians require improved markers of disease activity and impending relapse to guide immunosuppression strategies following B cell depletion. We reported that CD5+ B cells, as a surrogate marker of B regulatory cells, are decreased in patients with active AAV and normalise during disease remission.7 After B cell depletion, patients who repopulated with a low or decreasing percentage of CD5+ B cells and were on low maintenance immunosuppression had a shorter time to relapse than patients on similar levels of immunosuppression with normalised CD5+ B cells or patients with similarly low CD5+ B cells but higher immunosuppression. The CD5+CD24hiCD38hi B cell subpopulation correlates inversely with active disease but parallels both interleukin (IL)-10 production and suppression of ANCA.8 CD5 may identify B cells enriched in IL-10 production, the defining cytokine of B regulatory cells.8 ,9 Whether CD5+ B cells can serve as an indicator of time to relapse without considering remission maintenance immunosuppression dose is not known. We sought to address this question and confirm our previous findings in a larger cohort by separating patients solely based on their CD5+ B cells at repopulation. We examined B cell phenotype in 50 patients with AAV following rituximab therapy by flow cytometry (table …
Effects of homocysteine on intracellular nitric oxide and superoxide levels in the renal arterial endothelium.

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that homocysteine (Hcys) reduces intracellular nitric oxide (NO) concentrations ([NO]i) and stimulates superoxide (O 2 − ·) production in the r...
Prospective trial on obstructive sleep apnea in pregnancy and fetal heart rate monitoring.

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves episodic nocturnal apneas. Using polysomnography, we examined the predictive capacity of screening questionnaires (Berlin) in pregnancy. Incorporating simultaneous fetal heart rate monitoring (FHM), we examined the association of maternal apnea with FHM abnormalities. Study Design We enrolled 100 pregnant women at 26-39 weeks of gestation with OSA screening and baseline data ascertainment who underwent polysomnography and FHM for ≥3 hours. The relationship between maternal characteristics, OSA, and FHM was explored with multivariate analyses that were controlled for potential confounders. Results When compared with polysomnography, sensitivity and specificity by Berlin screening was 35% and 63.8%, respectively; the snoring component of the Berlin correlated better with oxygen desaturation P = .003). Body mass index was a significant confounder (r s = 0.44; P Conclusion In pregnancy, the Berlin questionnaire poorly predicts OSA. It is unclear whether fetal compromise during maternal apnea is a mechanism in OSA that is related to pregnancy outcome.
Age and Activity-Level Differences in the Use of Exercise Imagery

The purposes of this study were to assess age, gender, and activity level differences in the use of exercise imagery. The participants included 401 individuals between the ages of 18 to 65 (M = 38.75, SD = 13.75) who completed demographic assessments, a measure of leisure time exercise (Godin & Shephard, 1985), and the Exercise Imagery Inventory (Giacobbi, Hausenblas, & Penfield, 2005). The results indicated that active individuals used appearance/health imagery significantly more than those who were less active while a significant age by activity level interaction was also observed. Pairwise comparisons revealed that 18- to 25-yars olds who were more active reported significantly greater use of exercise technique than 45- to 65-year old individuals within the same activity level classification. A significant gender-by-age interaction also revealed that 18- to 25-year-old males reported significantly greater use of technique imagery than 45- to 65-year old males. Theoretical and practical issues in the st...
Specialty services for children with special health care needs: supplement not supplant the medical home.

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are a large part of the population in developed countries throughout the world.1 Definitions vary, and can encompass children with congenital, acquired and developmental behaviour conditions, degrees of chronicity, technology dependence, limitations in activity or care dependence, and other factors. The broadest prevalence estimates range as high as 18–44% of the general paediatric population.2 3 Complex medical needs and related vulnerabilities in this population might necessitate extensive home care and community services, frequent outpatient visits and use of acute care services. Unfortunately, there are cavernous voids in systematic care of CSHCN. Several studies have demonstrated the extensive use of emergency services by CSHCN4–6 as well as general inpatient7 8 and critical care services.9–12 Dosa et al showed that children with any chronic health condition had a relative risk of 3.3 for unscheduled intensive-care admission versus compared with those without chronic illness. The subgroup with previous “technology-assisted care” had a relative risk of 373.13 Paediatric and emergency medicine taskforces have combined to establish guidelines for optimal pre-hospital and emergency services for this at-risk population.14 15 The Neely Conference ‘Developing Research Criteria to Define Medical Necessity in Emergency Medical Services’ called for inclusion of patients with special healthcare needs as part of future research efforts.16 In this issue of Archives of …
The Relationship Between Acculturation and General Health of Arab Americans

Purpose: To determine the relationship between acculturation and health status among Arab Americans in southern California. Design: A cross-sectional survey with 297 adult Arab Americans used (a) a...
Distance-Dependent Processing of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 RNA Is Controlled by 5′ Exon Definition

Adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) is unique among human AAV serotypes in that it uses a polyadenylation site [(pA)p] within the single small intron in the center of the genome. We previously reported that inhibition of polyadenylation at (pA)p, necessary for read-through of P41-generated capsid gene pre-mRNAs which are subsequently spliced, requires binding of U1 snRNP to the upstream donor. Inhibition was reduced as the distance between the cap site and the donor was increased (increasing the size of the 5′ exon). Here, we have demonstrated that U1-70K is a key component of U1 snRNP that mediates inhibition of polyadenylation at (pA)p. Furthermore, introduction of a U-rich stretch, predicted to target TIA-1 and thus increase the affinity of U1 snRNP binding to the intervening donor site, significantly augmented inhibition of (pA)p, while depletion of TIA-1 by siRNA increased (pA)p read-through. Finally, artificially tethering the cap binding complex (CBC) components CBP80 and CBP20 upstream of the intron donor increased inhibition of polyadenylation at (pA)p. Our results suggest that interaction with the CBC strengthens U1 snRNP binding to the downstream intron donor in a manner inversely proportional to the size of the 5′ exon, thus governing the competition between intron splicing and polyadenylation at (pA)p. This competition must be optimized to program both the levels of polyadenylation of P7- and P19-generated RNA at (pA)p required to produce proper levels of the essential Rep proteins and the splicing of P41-generated RNAs to produce the proper ratio of capsid proteins during AAV5 infection.
Human RECQ helicases: roles in DNA metabolism, mutagenesis and cancer biology.

Helicases use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to separate double-stranded nucleic acids to facilitate essential processes such as replication, recombination, transcription and repair. This article focuses on the human RECQ helicase gene and protein family. Loss of function of three different members has been shown to cause Bloom syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS) and Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS). This article outlines clinical and cellular features of these cancer predisposition syndromes, and discusses their pathogenesis in light of our understanding of RECQ helicase biochemical activities and in vivo functions. I also discuss the emerging role for RECQ helicases as predictors of disease risk and the response to therapy.
An Investigation in the Variance in Particle Surface Interactions and Their Effects in Gas Turbines

This work presents the results of a study conducted to investigate particle surface interaction characteristics and their effects on the particle dynamics and blade erosion in axial flow gas turbines. The particle restitution velocities measured experimentally using Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a special tunnel are analyzed using statistical methods. The resulting distribution functions of the rebounding particle velocities after surface impacts are introduced in the particle trajectory simulations through the turbine blade passages, using a methodology that combines particle dynamics computations in a probabilistic model. The presented results for the simulated ash particle dynamics demonstrate the effect of the experimentally measured variance in the particle restitution characteristics on the particle surface impacts, and the associated blade erosion in an axial flow turbine.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
Universal Instructional Design: Tools for Creating an Inclusive Educational Experience

College and university students around the United States have diverse needs and social identities. The many cultures and identities represented on a college campus signal the responsibility of faculty, administrators, student affairs educators, and students to identify the necessary skills and knowledge to enhance and support the educational experience. Faculty, staff, and administrators must evaluate the social climate of the community and the ways in which the tensions between students with differences affect their learning. The many differences among students include learning styles as well as physical, developmental, and psychological abilities. Recently, policies implemented by the federal government have opened the doors of the university to an increasing number of students with learning, physical, and mental disabilities.
Analysis of Laminated Curved Beams

Equations for stresses in a laminated orthotropic curved beam based on the technical theory assumption (Winkler) are presented. The formulation of the same problem by orthotropic elasticity is indicated. In order to assess the applicability of the technical theory over a range of material properties and geometries, the specific case of a three-layer beam was studied. Results of the technical theory were compared with those using elasticity. The dependence of the geometrical and mechanical properties of the individual layers on the stresses and displacements is shown. Some interesting results are shown with the aid of numerical examples.
Surviving the Great Recession: Growing Need and the Stigmatized Safety Net

Based on qualitative research, this article looks at the impacts of the Great Recession on low-income and poor families, focusing on their challenges and survival strategies in the wake of the downturn. For many individuals who have lost their jobs, work has long been an important source of pride and social standing, and letting go of this identity is often difficult and wrought with ambivalence and a sense of failure, contributing to multiple outcomes that include social isolation, self-esteem and mental health problems, and most problematically, unwillingness to fully utilize the available social safety net. This article investigates the ways in which the stigma associated with dependency in the American context contributes to the material and emotional suffering of vulnerable individuals and families as they weather the recession and its long, slow recovery.
Reexamining the Right to Trial by Jury

The purpose of this article is to emphasize the Seventh Amendment's reexamination clause and how it functions to protect the jury's province from invasion. Fundamental to the notion of the jury's province are the jury's right to decide mixed questions of law and fact, and the jury's right to draw inferences from the evidence. This article focuses on the Supreme Court's recognition of the importance of these two jury rights-particularly the latter- in recent jurisprudence and the circuit courts' interpretations of the high Court's decisions. In so doing, this article explains how a recent Supreme Court decision requires a reassessment of the common understanding of current federal summary judgment principles. The article also addresses weight-of-the-evidence review and explains its relationship to legal sufficiency review and to the reexamination clause. As a whole, the theme of the article is that although appellate courts may review jury verdicts to ensure they are supported by legally and factually sufficient evidence, their methods of review must be consonant with the substance and the spirit of the Seventh Amendment.
Weakened by the storm: Rebel group recruitment in the wake of natural disasters in the Philippines

How do natural disasters affect rebel group recruitment? Some influential research to date suggests that natural disasters – by lowering the opportunity cost of joining an armed movement – are like...
Epidemiological analysis of human brucellosis in Liaoning province from 2001 to 2011

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trend and characteristics of human brucellosis from 2001 to 2011 in Liaoning province. Methods Methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the surveillance data from 2001 to 2011, collected from the China information system for disease control and prevention. Results A total of 6008 cases including 2 death cases were reported with an incidence between 0.32/10 5 and 2.50/10 5 . There were two peaks of the epidemic from 2001 to 2011. The cases were primarily distributed in the east and west of Liaoning, including Shenyang , Fushun , Jinzhou , Yingkou , Fuxin , Tieling and Huludao where brucellosis occurred most frequently. The period from March to July is the peak of the disease with young and middle-aged farmers affected most. Conclusion The brucellosis epidemic takes on an overall upward trend in the province, with a high incidence of the disease seen in the areas of severe epidemic and convenient transportation.
Image Restoration Based on NSWT and Point Spread Function Estimation

The observed object images are severely blurred because of the influence of atmospheric turbulence.Lack of prior information in imaging system and atmospheric condition makes point spread function(PSF) estimation be an essential part of image restoration.Based on the NSWT and Fried parameter theory,this paper deduced a new PSF accurate estimation algorithm.Using the relation among the local maxima of the modulus of the non-subsampled wavelet at different scales,Lipschitz exponent and variance,the variance of a PSF was computed,which was used to restored the object image.The experimental results showed that the algorithm was capable of improving the quality of super-resolution image reconstruction,and was of good application value.
Using machine learning and real-time workload assessment in a high-fidelity UAV simulation environment

Future unmanned vehicle operations will see more responsibilities distributed among fewer pilots. Current systems typically involve a small team of operators maintaining control over a single aerial platform, but this arrangement results in a suboptimal configuration of operator resources to system demands. Rather than devoting the full-time attention of several operators to a single UAV, the goal should be to distribute the attention of several operators across several UAVs as needed. Under a distributed-responsibility system, operator task load would be continuously monitored, with new tasks assigned based on system needs and operator capabilities. The current paper sought to identify a set of metrics that could be used to assess workload unobtrusively and in near real-time to inform a dynamic tasking algorithm. To this end, we put 20 participants through a variable-difficulty multiple UAV management simulation. We identified a subset of candidate metrics from a larger pool of pupillary and behavioral measures. We then used these metrics as features in a machine learning algorithm to predict workload condition every 60 seconds. This procedure produced an overall classification accuracy of 78%. An automated tasker sensitive to fluctuations in operator workload could be used to efficiently delegate tasks for teams of UAV operators.
Investigation on 22 Pesticide Residues in Vegetables of Zhoukou Cityin 2009

Objective:To understand the status of 22 pesticide residues in vegetables of Zhoukou city.Methods: Random sampling investigation was carried out on the large farm produce market and supermarket in the city of Zhoukou.The 22 pesticide residues in vegetables was determined by gas chromatography.Results: 486 samples were collected.64 samples had detectable pesticide residues and detection rate was 13.2%.7 samples were superstandard and the over standard rate was 1.44%.The superstandard pesticide were omethoate,chlorpyrifos,triadimefon,triazophos and fenpropathrin respectively.Conclusion: The situation of pesticide residues in Zhoukou city was not serious.But the high-toxic pesticide residues were more than others and need to take measures to control.
Separate No More: Presidential Campaigning, Congressional Voting, and the Separation of Powers

In this paper I examine the reasons for, and the impact of, presidential campaigning on the voting behavior of the U.S. Congress. Building off prior research in this area, I look at a particular aspect of campaigning — the endorsement of congressional candidates — as manifested in the public statements of presidents, and show how varied levels of campaigning — both in frequency and intensity — produce different levels of presidential support in Congress. In doing so I seek to push this line of inquiry so as not only develop a theory of presidential campaign behavior, but also to further understand how the actions of the ‘modern presidency’ have interacted with and transformed deep-seated notions of the separation of powers.
Inhaled Antibiotics for Gram-Negative Respiratory Infections

Gram-negative organisms comprise a large portion of the pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, especially those that are nosocomially acquired, and the rate of antibiotic resistance among these organisms continues to rise. Systemically administered antibiotics used to treat these infections often have poor penetration into the lung parenchyma and narrow therapeutic windows between efficacy and toxicity. The use of inhaled antibiotics allows for maximization of target site concentrations and optimization of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices while minimizing systemic exposure and toxicity. This review is a comprehensive discussion of formulation and drug delivery aspects, in vitro and microbiological considerations, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes with inhaled antibiotics as they apply to disease states other than cystic fibrosis. In reviewing the literature surrounding the use of inhaled antibiotics, we also highlight the complexities related to this route of administration and the shortcomings in the available evidence. The lack of novel anti-Gram-negative antibiotics in the developmental pipeline will encourage the innovative use of our existing agents, and the inhaled route is one that deserves to be further studied and adopted in the clinical arena.
Discussion On The Paper “Statistical Evaluation Of Deep Crustal Reflections In Germany” By Gerhard Dohr And Karl Fuchs

Papers such as “Statistical Evaluation of Deep Crustal Reflections in Germany,” by Dohr and Fuchs may seem unusual to the many readers of Geophysics who are likely to be involved in seismic exploration for oil. This is because geophysicists using seismic techniques in oil exploration have an enormous advantage
Shared Trauma in Counseling: Information and Implications for Counselors

A trauma is shared when both counselor and client experience the same traumatic event simultaneously. Disasters often cause mass trauma, affecting counselors both personally and professionally. The purpose of this article is to (a) discuss conceptualizations of shared trauma, and offer a comprehensive definition; (b) educate counselors on the effects of shared trauma; and (c) discuss the implications of shared trauma and strategies for its treatment.
Social Issues in Management as a Distinct Field: Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance:

This article focuses on the question of whether Social Issues in Management (SIM) is a “field” and, if so, what kind, emphasizing specifically the recent literature on corporate social responsibili...
Hybrid AC/DC microgrid planning

Abstract The traditional approach to design and deploy microgrids has been mainly focused on ac systems. DC microgrids, however, are gaining attention due to numerous advantages they provide over ac microgrids, such as removing the need for synchronization and frequency adjustment as well as appropriateness in supporting dc loads and distributed energy resources (DERs). Moreover, considering that both ac and dc DERs are utilized in microgrids, hybrid microgrids would provide viable and economic solutions as they can potentially eliminate the need for ac-to-dc or dc-to-ac conversions. This paper proposes a hybrid microgrid planning model with the objective of minimizing the microgrid total planning cost, which includes the DERs investment and operation costs, the converters investment cost, the cost of energy purchase from the utility, and the reliability cost. The solution of the proposed model determines the optimal DER size and generation mix, the point of connection of DERs, and the type of each feeder, i.e., ac or dc. Moreover, it identifies threshold ratios of ac/dc loads at each feeder causing one type of feeder to be more economical than the other. Numerical simulations exhibit the merits of the proposed model by analyzing the sensitivity of solutions on various decisive planning factors.
Life history effects on hatchery contributions to ocean harvest and natural-area spawning

Hatcheries can support salmon fisheries but also impact natural populations. We model the proportional hatchery contributions to ocean catch, natural-area spawning, and egg production based on hatc...
Portugal as Nostos Interrupted

In the present article, I examine the role of prophecy in Gabriel Pereira de Castro’s Ulisseia (1636) and Antonio de Sousa de Macedo’s Ulissipo (1640), two pre-Restoration epics that center on Odysseus as the mythological founder of Lisbon. In both epics, a prophecy drives the hero to found Lisbon as a precondition for making his nostos to Ithaka while also speaking of a fabled warrior landing at the future site of Lisbon in order to found a great empire. is prophecy echoes others that predict the return of the Encoberto , yet they also tempt Odysseus into forgetting his nostos for the sake of Lisbon’s foundation. Insofar as forgetting one’s nostos is associated with a deathlike state ( lethe ) in epic poetry, the parallel between Odysseus and the Encoberto strongly suggests that the imperial enterprise itself is a hazard that leads the hero towards oblivion and death.
Environmental Correlates with Germinable Weed Seedbanks on Organic Farms Across Northern New England

The northern New England region includes the states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine and encompasses a large degree of climate and edaphic variation across a relatively small spatial area, making it ideal for studying climate change impacts on agricultural weed communities. We sampled weed seedbanks and measured soil physical and chemical characteristics on 77 organic farms across the region and analyzed the relationships between weed community parameters and select geographic, climatic, and edaphic variables using multivariate procedures. Temperaturerelated variables (latitude, longitude, mean maximum and minimum temperature) were the strongest and most consistent correlates with weed seedbank composition. Edaphic variables were, for the most part, relatively weaker and inconsistent correlates with weed seedbanks. Our analyses also indicate that a number of agriculturally important weed species are associated with specific U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones, implying that future changes in climate factors that result in geographic shifts in these zones will likely be accompanied by changes in the composition of weed communities and therefore new management challenges for farmers.
Limitations in the Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Subsurface Images

Seismic reflection data (CDP-Common Depth Point shooting) are normally collected on the earth’s surface in such a way that as many as 24 different source and receiver pairs share the same midpoint location. These ASR (Arbitrary Source and Receiver position) data are processed in order to simulate CSR (Coincident Source and Receiver position) data. Image reconstruction for geologic structures are commonly applied by extrapolating these CSR data into the earth.
Seed-Layer Free Cerium-Doped Terbium Iron Garnet on Non-Garnet Substrates for Photonic Isolators

Novel seed-layer free cerium-doped terbium iron garnet with high gyrotropy is grown on non-garnet substrates for integration with photonics integrated circuits, whose performance can be tuned by varying the dopant concentration and annealing parameters.
Primary Afferents and Hyperalgesia

Pain has two aspects. The first is its function as a warning system to ward off immediate threats. It is, in a sense, a necessary evil that serves to warn the organism of injury. But pain has another face, which we term hyperalgesia—the perceptual companion of inflammation, be it from infection, the mundane abrasion, a burn of the skin, or from the causalgia that mysteriously complicates only certain nerve injuries and cripples its victim. Save for the latter condition, where the pain seems to serve no apparent purpose, hyperalgesia seems not to be part of a warning system but instead is a reminder that something is wrong. A remarkable resetting of the threshold for pain occurs: the inflamed skin may become the source of increased pain merely by being lightly touched or gently warmed. The victim arduously protects the hyper-algesic part, which we infer may ultimately promote healing.
Transcriptional activation of adenoviral early genes.

Adenovirus ElA proteins play an essential role in both productive infection and cellular transformation. As an oncogene, ElA induces cellular DNA synthesis in growth-arrested cells, and in cooperation with other oncogenes transforms non-permissive primary cells (for a review, see Graham 1984). During productive infection, E1A is required to activate transcription of early viral genes (reviewed in Berk 1986). E1A proteins also regulate the transcription of some cellular genes. The expression of some cellular genes is activated, while the expression of others is repressed. Transcriptional regulation of cellular genes is thought to account for ElA’s biological effects (see Kingston et al. 1985).
Physician Qualifications in the Clinical Diagnostic Vascular Laboratory

The Diagnostic Vascular Laboratory plays a central role in vascular practice. In the ­evaluation of patients with vascular disease, the first step is a history and physical examination. The next step to investigate vascular disease is often a noninvasive vascular test performed in the Diagnostic Vascular Laboratory. Therefore, it is essential that testing be performed using the highest standards to ensure an accurate diagnosis. To achieve a high degree of accuracy and consistency, the vascular laboratory personnel, including technologists, supervisors, and interpreting physicians, have to be highly qualified. This chapter describes the necessary qualifications for physicians providing interpretation in accredited vascular laboratories.
Relationships between binge drinking and substance-free reinforcement in a sample of college students A preliminary investigation

Heavy episodic drinking is a relatively common phenomenon among college students, and students who engage in binge drinking are at increased risk for a variety of adverse consequences. This paper investigates relationships between substance use and reinforcement derived from specific categories of substance-free activities among a sample of 256 college undergraduates. Data from a standardized behavioral inventory were used to compare the frequency, pleasure, and reinforcement potential of substance-free events and activities experienced by binge drinkers and a comparison group. Binge drinkers reported significantly lower scores across a variety of substance-free activity categories and, in the majority of the cases, the relationship between binge drinking and decreased reinforcement density remained significant after accounting for the effects of the use of other drugs and demographic variables. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence linking substance use to deprivation of substance-free reinforcement.
Mimesis and developing models of self and other

Based on literatures of child development, along with data collected in two long-term studies in the American Northwest and Samoa, this article argues that developing children copy images that repr...
The role of familial risk, parental psychopathology, and stress for first-onset depression during adolescence

Abstract Background Adolescence represents a critical developmental period during which the initial onset of depression emerges. Family risk for depression is a salient risk factor for the initial onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We examined the effects of familial risk, stress, and behavior on the risk of developing first-onset depression. Methods Adolescents aged 12 to 15 with high (n = 166) or low (n = 159) familial risk for depression were assessed annually for up to five years. Stress was assessed using the Stressful Life Events Schedule and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version was administered to the adolescents and their parents to assess lifetime psychiatric conditions and diagnose MDD onset. Survival and path analyses were used in tandem to determine the risk for first-onset depression as well as the contributions of additional direct and indirect pathways to onset. Results High-risk adolescents were eight times more likely to develop first-onset depression compared with low-risk adolescents. The path analyses revealed that the presence of maternal behavioral disorders and increased recent life stress directly predicted an initial onset of MDD in high-risk adolescents. Limitations The small samples used in this study limit the generalizability of these findings. Conclusions Adolescents at high familial risk for depression had an increased risk for the emergence of first-onset depression during adolescence. Stress and maternal behavioral psychopathology directly contributed to depression onset independently of familial risk, while childhood trauma exerted an indirect effect on first-onset MDD through recent stress.
Recognize Everyone’s Interests: Corporate Ethics, Driverless Cars, and the New Trolley Problem

I defend a recognize-everyone’s-interests solution to a corporate ethics dilemma about designing and manufacturing driverless cars. The dilemma relates to survey participants’ (1) belief that drive...
Clinical validation of a self-organizing map (SOM)-based quantitative prediction algorithm to determine the site of origin of cancers of unknown primary (CUP)

21064 Background: As many as 100,000 new cases of CUP are diagnosed each year in the United States. Identifying the site of origin of the CUP is critical for effective cancer management, and severa...
Persistent Identifiers and the Next Generation of Legal Scholarship

The world of scholarly communications has seen distinct growth regarding the use of persistent identifiers in the effort to preserve, disseminate, analyze, and help locate academic content. A persistent identifier is a unique string of letters, numbers, and/or symbols associated with digital content that will never change over time. Persistent identifiers exist in different forms and for different functions, and this Article will discuss the importance and relevance to legal scholarship of two of the most pervasive persistent identifiers in scholarly communications - the digital object identifier (DOI) and the ORCID identifier (ORCID iD). The use of persistent identifiers in academic publishing has become so pervasive that robust, data-driven services have been developed and integrated into the publication process that rely on and leverage this information standard. Publishers of legal scholarship and other legal materials have not widely adopted persistent identifiers, and, as a result, the legal discipline cannot enjoy the variety of benefits offered by this system. In addition, legal scholarship will be left out of future developments and innovations that rely on persistent identifiers to measure impact and other bibliometrics of scholarship. Obtaining disciplinary adoption of persistent identifiers is necessary, prudent, and feasible. This Article will identify existing barriers regarding the implementation of persistent identifiers among publishers of legal scholarship, as well as provide an anecdotal example of creating a sustainable workflow between the law library and student-run law journals. This Article concludes with a call to action for all stakeholders in legal publishing to adopt persistent identifiers and usher in a new generation for legal scholarship and other legal materials.
Untimely Myocardial Infarction or COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effect

We present the case of a 96-year-old female, with no known cardiac history, who suffered a myocardial infarction (MI) one hour after her first Moderna coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The patient was medically managed and discharged three days later. We are unable to attribute the cause of the patient's MI to the Moderna vaccine unless further data are published. As healthcare providers, we need to be aware of attempts to correlate bad outcomes with the vaccine without substantiated data, and anticipate patient questions that may arise from these reports. Any research on the topic should be written carefully and avoid overstating the findings. If more reports of serious side effects in older adults are published, providers should consider additional screenings prior to COVID-19 vaccination.
Perceived Discrimination, Retention, and Diabetes Risk Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in a Diabetes Lifestyle Intervention.

Objectives: To examine the association of perceived discrimination with participant retention and diabetes risk among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Methods: Data were drawn from the Special Diabetes Program for Indians-Diabetes Prevention Demonstration Project (N = 2553). Results: Perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively associated with short-term and long-term retention and diabetes risk without adjusting. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and clinical outcomes, perceived discrimination was not associated with retention but was significantly associated with less improvement in body mass index (BMI) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Every unit increase in the perceived discrimination score was associated with 0.14 kg/m2 less BMI reduction (95% CI: [0.02, 0.26], p = 0.0183) and 1.06 mg/dl lower HDL at baseline (95% CI: [0.36, 1.76], p = 0.0028). Discussion: Among racialized groups, improving retention and health in lifestyle interventions may require investigating perceived discrimination and the broader context of structural racism and colonialism.
Exercise and Sports Participation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) have historically been restricted from vigorous exercise or competitive sports. With our growing understanding of the benefits of exercise and sports participation, we aim to review current recommendations for safe sports participation in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Recently published studies identify obesity to be highly prevalent in patients with CHD, especially as they age. This is more evident if the patients lead a sedentary lifestyle or are restricted from engaging in exercise. Recently published guidelines from American and European organizations offer disease-specific recommendations to allow for safe sports participation in children and adolescents with CHD. Sports restriction in children with CHD can have negative health and psychosocial consequences in an already vulnerable population. For patients who wish to participate in competitive sports, a comprehensive clinical evaluation is necessary to determine if participation is possible and to minimize risk associated with participation.
Weighted tensor Golub-Kahan-Tikhonov-type methods applied to image processing using a t-product.

This paper discusses weighted tensor Golub-Kahan-type bidiagonalization processes using the t-product. This product was introduced in [M. E. Kilmer and C. D. Martin, Factorization strategies for third order tensors, Linear Algebra Appl., 435 (2011), pp.~641--658]. A few steps of a bidiagonalization process with a weighted least squares norm are carried out to reduce a large-scale linear discrete ill-posed problem to a problem of small size. The weights are determined by symmetric positive definite (SPD) tensors. Tikhonov regularization is applied to the reduced problem. An algorithm for tensor Cholesky factorization of SPD tensors is presented. The data is a laterally oriented matrix or a general third order tensor. The use of a weighted Frobenius norm in the fidelity term of Tikhonov minimization problems is appropriate when the noise in the data has a known covariance matrix that is not the identity. We use the discrepancy principle to determine both the regularization parameter in Tikhonov regularization and the number of bidiagonalization steps. Applications to image and video restoration are considered.
Hemoglobins of Eukaryote/Prokaryote Symbioses

Cytoplasmic Hb, developed by the host, is a constant feature o f symbioses between plants and intracellular prokaryotes and between molluscs and intracellular prokaryotes. This essay attempts to define the role of Hb in each symbiosis.
Methods in the human behavioral pharmacology of drug abuse

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the methods in the human behavioral pharmacology of drug abuse. Drugs of abuse produce multiple behavioral effects of interest to behavioral pharmacologists. Abused drugs produce a variety of interoceptive stimulus effects and those effects can acquire discriminative control over operant behavior. A discriminative stimulus is an event in the presence of which a response is reinforced and in the absence of which it goes unreinforced. In the same manner that light and various other types of exteroceptive stimuli can serve discriminative functions, so can the interoceptive stimulus effects of the drugs. Drug discrimination has been widely studied using nonhumans. The basic practice on those studies is one in which an operant response is reinforced when the training drug is administered and a different response is reinforced when a control substance is administered. The discriminations trained in such studies are typically characterized by a high degree of pharmacologic specificity. The chapter reviews the methods used in the human behavioral pharmacology of drug abuse. It also presents a sampling of effective methods for studying the multiple behavioral effects of abused drugs.
Materials and devices for bioresorbable electronics (Presentation Video)

A remarkable feature of the modern integrated circuit is its ability to operate in a stable fashion, with almost perfect reliability. Recently developed classes of electronic materials create an opportunity to engineer the opposite outcome, in the form of devices that dissolve completely in water, with harmless end products. The enabled applications range from ‘green’ consumer electronics to bio-resorbable medical implants—none of which would be possible with technologies that exist today. This talk summarizes recent work on this physically ‘transient’ type of electronics, from basic advances in materials chemistry, to fundamental studies of dissolution reactions, to engineering development of complete sets of device components, sensors, and integrated systems. An ‘electroceutical’ bacteriocide designed for treatment of surgical site infections provides an application example.
On the physics and modeling of small semiconductor devices—III: Transient response in the finite collision-duration regime

Abstract The role of the finite, non-zero collision duration in high electric fields is examined for its effect on transient and over-shoot response of the carrier velocity and energy. The finite collision duration introduces a temporal retardation effect on the collisional relaxation mechanisms for energy and momentum. As a consequence, the effective temperature also undergoes an overshoot behavior, which leads to a general quickening of the total transient response. Calculations were performed for steady, homogeneous fields utilizing a displaced Maxwellian approach. These calculations were performed for GaAs and Si and have significance for sub-micron devices in these materials. The generally faster response leads to the prospect of improved high frequency properties over what is normally expected.
A Performance Evaluation for a Concurrency Control Mechanism in an ODBMS

Object Oriented transactions often imply the use of a large number of resources that are inaccessible to other incoming transactions if traditional two-phase locking is used to support concurrency. The goal of this research is to present the performance evaluation for a new concurrency control technique, Group Protocol (GP) [9], which is a combination of Two-Phase Locking (2PL) and Serialization Graph Test (SGT) techniques. GP improves the concurrency control performance by exploiting the navigational nature of long-running, transactions. Navigational Transactions may consist of two or more subtransactions. Depending on the nature of each subtransaction they may be executed using parallel processing. The performance evaluation done in this research indicates the applicability of this work for long-running navigational transactions.