cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalographic Changes Accompanying Thyroid Deficiency in Man1

Serial electroencephalograms were recorded during deprivation and replacement of thyroid hormone in patients who had little functional thyroid tissue and were therefore dependent on exogenous hormone for maintenance of a euthyroid state. The frequency and amplitude of the EEG alpha rhythm, and the photic driving response to flickering light were measured: 1) before and after hormone withdrawal (interval 4–6 weeks); 2) before and after hormone replacement (interval 4–6 weeks); and 3) after replacement with varying dosages of desiccated thyroid and triiodothyronine. Significant changes in the resting alpha rhythm and photically evoked responses were found for these limited periods of deprivation and replacement. Of special interest was the reduction of the brain's response to high frequency flickering light during thyroid deficiency. Of the measures studied, alpha frequency was the most responsive to changes in thyroid status—slowing with deprivation, increasing after replacement and fluctuating consistentl...
Low noise subpicosecond pulse generation from a 22 GHz AlInGaAs multiple quantum well laser by direct RF modulation

Monolithic high-repetition-rate lasers have drawn considerable attention for applications in photonic analog-to-digital conversion, arbitrary waveform generation and high speed optical sampling [1]. These robust and monolithic sources generate subpicosecond pulses at high repetition rates but exhibit large timing jitter. In order to realize a low noise mode-locked laser (MLL) by synchronizing to an external clock at high frequencies (> 20 GHz), several methods such as subharmonic hybrid mode-locking (SHML) [2], fundamental hybrid mode-locking (FHML) using semi-insulating substrate [3] and optical synchronous mode-locking [4] have been presented. The first of the above methods overcomes the shallow radio frequency (RF) modulation issue at high frequencies but introduces unwanted amplitude modulation and excess timing jitter. The second requires a semi-insulating wafer and lengthy fabrication process, while the third typically involves injection of a low noise mode-locked laser into the laser cavity, requiring an additional laser.
US immunization system Rx: install new components.

Elsewhere in this issue, Raddish et al 1 report their study of the immunization status of children attending the Boston (Mass) Children's Hospital spina bifida clinic. Eighty percent of the children received their first diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis and oral poliovirus vaccines on time. At 24 months of age, only 58% had received four diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis, three oral poliovirus, and one measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations. At 7 years of age, 81% had received a total of these eight immunizations. Risk factors for under-immunization included being insured by Medicaid and having a mother with 12 years of school or less. In sum, children at all age levels attending this clinic were less well immunized than the general Massachusetts population and shared common risk factors for underimmunization. The authors note that these dismal results are even more remarkable because the study families had higher incomes than the state's
Concentrated polymer solutions: Part III. Normal stresses in simple shear flow

A molecular theory for the stress P in a concentrated polymer solution is evaluated for simple shear flow. Three rheological functions (P12, P11 − P22, P11 − P33) are predicted to be dependent on shear rate γ in a very complicated fashion, and are displayed graphically. A unique feature is that P22 − P33 is shown to have the same sign as P11 − P33 at low shear, a result in agreement with most experimental data and not predicted by other theories. A comparison with two sets of data verifies the prediction of relative behavior of shear and normal stresses at low γ, but the theory fails to fit data at high γ. Reasons for the success of the reducing factors c2 or c3 (where c is mass concentration) in constructing master curves for normal stress are suggested.
Chloramphenicol: An Inpatient Study of Use and Abuse

During a six-month period, chloramphenicol was administered systemically to 100 patients and topically to 24 patients who were admitted to the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. Seventy-nine percent of the patients receiving the drug systemically were on surgical services, 13% were on the pediatric service, and 8% were on the medical service. In this group, chloramphenicol was administered appropriately in 60.4% of cases as follows: 57.5% on the surgical, 50% on the medical, and 84.6% on the pediatric services. In 19 of 35 instances of inappropriate use on the surgical services, a potentially less toxic antibiotic could have been chosen. Eight cases were treated inappropriately because of dosage errors, and in seven cases no antibiotic should have been used. On the medical services all inappropriate use was due to underdosage, and on the pediatric service there was one case of incorrect dosage and one instance in which a less toxic antibiotic could have been chosen. Ophthalmological use of the drug accounted for all topical use. Of 24 patients treated, 21 received the drug for prophylaxis and three for therapy.
Learning patterns in terms of other patterns

Abstract This paper investigates the learning of patterns in terms of previously learned patterns. The main problem is to efficiently select from the set of all previously learned patterns a few in terms of which the pattern to be learned can be described. A computer program for doing this is described and the importance of its memory organization is discussed.
Biotin in swine production: A review

Abstract Biotin, an essential water-soluble vitamin, is a cofactor of a number of enzyme systems responsible for carboxylation and transcarboxylation reactions. These reactions play a major role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and nucleic acids, in the synthesis of fatty acids, proteins and purines, and in the deamination of amino acids. In the past, it was believed that supplemental biotin was not required in swine diets because of its wide distribution in feedstuffs generally used in the formulation of swine diets, and its known synthesis by the pig's intestinal microflora. Interest in biotin nutrition for swine, however, was rekindled when several field reports in the mid-1970s described disease conditions similar to those reported for experimentally induced biotin deficiencies (poor growth in young pigs, low plasma biotin levels, alopecia and pustule formation in the skin and lesions of the hoof and sole of the toes). These conditions were reported to be responsive to biotin supplementation in many cases, but control treatments were usually not included so that definitive conclusions could not be made. Results from properly controlled research are now available, especially from long-term sow studies (three to four parities), which suggest that supplemental biotin may improve one or more of the following: poor litter size, conception rate or weaning to estrus interval, toe lesions and poor haircoat condition. Milk biotin concentration and plasma biotin concentration of sows and piglets were reported to be elevated when supplemental biotin was fed. The amount of biotin in feedstuffs varies from 20 to 2600 parts per billion (p.p.b.), but availability values have not been determined for pigs, although chick bioavailability values suggest that biotin in commonly used grain and protein sources is poorly available. Numerous environmental and nutritional factors may influence the occurrence of a biotin deficiency in swine or alter the level of biotin required in the diet to meet the animal's needs. Using presently available feedstuffs and under modern swine production conditions, a marginal biotin deficiency is possible. There are, however, many unanswered questions and a need for more research to better understand the role of biotin in swine nutrition. Swine producers experiencing poor reproductive performance in their sow herds, associated with excessive loss of hair and severe foot lesions, should evaluate the biotin content of their sow diet and consider supplemental biotin.
Ferroelectric properties of a-axis textured BaTiO3 thin films

Ferroelectric and dielectric properties were measured for BaTiO3 thin films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition which were highly a-axis textured. No ferroelectric hysteresis was observed from the as-deposited BaTiO3 films on Pt coated MgO. Upon applying an electric field exceeding a threshold electric field, E1 ~ 50 - 100 kV/cm, a ferroelectric hysteresis was observed. A spontaneous polarization Ps > 15 μC/cm2 was measured for the textured films.
cDNA cloning of Clavanins: antimicrobial peptides of tunicate hemocytes.

Abstract Clavanins are a family of α-helical antimicrobial peptides found in hemocytes of the tunicate, Styela clava. We examined a cDNA library prepared from pharyngeal tissues of S. clava and sequenced 24 clones that encoded prepropeptides of Clavanins A, C, D or E. These sequences indicated that Clavanins are synthesized as 9.2 kDa prepropeptides which contain a 19-residue signal peptide, followed in turn by a highly polar `pro' region (LEERKSEEEK) with five glutamic acid residues, the 23 residues of the mature Clavanin peptide, the glycine residue needed for its amidation and a 27-residue polar C-terminal extension that is removed in later processing. Although the signal sequence and anionic propiece of Clavanin precursors share features with corresponding regions in precursors of the certain frog peptides, including ranalexin, gaegurins, dermaseptins and deltorphins, their unique multipartite structure suggests that they are not actually homologues of these amphibian peptides.
Percolation thresholds in Ising magnets and conducting mixtures

The effect of the percolation threshold on conduction in mixtures and on the magnetic ordering temperature in alloys of high- and low- ${T}_{C}$ material is described using a real-space rescaling approximation (introduced by Kadanoff, following an idea of Migdal) which is applicable to systems of arbitrary spatial dimensionality $d$. We calculate exponents describing the regimes just above and just below ${p}_{c}$ for the case of bond dilution in resistor networks or Ising ferromagnets. The results are accurate for $d=2$ in those cases where comparison is possible and qualitatively correct for $d=3$, but are invalid in the limit $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. Ising spin glasses do not show order in 2 dimensions, in this approximation, but may do so in 3 dimensions.
Neurosecretion XVII. Experimentally induced release of neurosecretory material by exocytosis in the insect Leucophaea maderae

In the corpora cardiaca of the insect Leucophaea the administration of serotonin elicits ultrastructural features indicative of the extrusion of neurosecretory material by exocytosis. The response to the stimulus and the process of extrusion seem to occur at considerable speed. Nearly all of the 30 test animals, fixed at various intervals starting as early as 3 min after the injection of the drug, show granules captured at the moment of leaving the axon as well as fully exteriorized secretory material. The fact that many of these granules are much smaller than the typical neurosecretory type speaks for intracellular fragmentation of the latter prior to the discharge of this cellular product. After 25 min or more the extruded electron dense structures show signs of breakdown. The apparent speed of these phenomena accounts for the dearth of omega-type configurations observed in unstimulated specimens of this species. The possible relationship between the membrane phenomena involved in exocytosis and the transient protrusions of bounding membranes of neurosecretory granules described in earlier papers remains to be clarified.
Expression of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 3 Synthase in Escherichia coli: ASSEMBLY OF TYPE 3 POLYSACCHARIDE ON A LIPID PRIMER

Synthesis of the type 3 capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae is catalyzed by the membrane-localized type 3 synthase, which utilizes UDP-Glc and UDP-GlcUA to form high molecular mass [3-beta-d-GlcUA-(1-->4)-beta-d-Glc-(1-->](n). Expression of the synthase in Escherichia coli resulted in synthesis of a 40-kDa protein that was reactive with antibody directed against the C terminus of the synthase and was the same size as the native enzyme. Membranes isolated from E. coli contained active synthase, as demonstrated by the ability to incorporate Glc and GlcUA into a high molecular mass polymer that could be degraded by type 3 polysaccharide-specific depolymerase. As in S. pneumoniae, the membrane-bound synthase from E. coli catalyzed a rapid release of enzyme-bound polysaccharide when incubated with either UDP-Glc or UDP-GlcUA alone. The recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli was capable of releasing all of the polysaccharide from the enzyme, although the chains remained associated with the membrane. The recombinant enzyme was also able to reinitiate polysaccharide synthesis following polymer release by utilizing a lipid primer present in the membranes. At low concentrations of UDP-Glc and UDP-GlcUA (1 microm in the presence of Mg(2+) and 0.2 microm in Mn(2+)), novel glycolipids composed of repeating disaccharides with linkages consistent with type 3 polysaccharide were synthesized. As the concentration of the UDP-sugars was increased, there was a marked transition from glycolipid to polymer formation. At UDP-sugar concentrations of either 5 microm (with Mg(2+)) or 1.5 microm (with Mn(2+)), 80% of the incorporated sugar was in polymer form, and the size of the polymer increased dramatically as the concentration of UDP-sugars was increased. These results suggest a cooperative interaction between the UDP-precursor-binding site(s) and the nascent polysaccharide-binding site, resulting in a non-processive addition of sugars at the lower UDP-sugar concentrations and a processive reaction as the substrate concentrations increase.
Masculinization and defeminization induced in female hamsters by neonatal treatment with estradiol, RU-2858, and nafoxidine

Abstract Newborn female hamsters were treated with 0.1 or 1.0 ng of estradiol benzoate (EB), with 1.0 ng–2.0 μg of the synthetic estrogen RU-2858, or with 0.1 or 0.5 μg of the antiestrogen nafoxidine. When adult the animals were treated with EB and progesterone and tested for the display of lordosis and with testosterone propionate and tested for the display of mounting behavior. The EB doses used failed to alter sexual differentiation. RU-2858 masculinized and defeminized in a dose-dependent manner being most effective when given neonatally as two divided doses. Nafoxidine inhibited lordosis without enhancing mounting behavior. The findings support the hypothesis that estrogens may be involved in the normal sexual differentiation process.
Investigation of clay modifier effects on the structure and rheology of supercritical carbon dioxide‐processed polymer nanocomposites

Superior property enhancements in polymer–clay nanocomposites can be achieved if one can significantly enhance the nanoclay dispersion and polymer–clay interactions. Recent studies have shown that nanoclays can be dispersed in polymers using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). However, there is need for a better understanding of how changing the clay modifier affects the clay dispersability by scCO2 and the resultant nanocomposite rheology. To address this, the polystyrene (PS)/clay nanocomposites with “weak” interaction (Cloisite 93A clay) and “strong” interaction (Cloisite 15A clay) have been prepared using the supercritical CO2 method in the presence of a co-solvent. Transmission electron microscopy images and small-angle X-ray diffraction illustrate that composites using 15A and 93A clays show similar magnitude of reduction in the average tactoid size, and dispersion upon processing with scCO2. When PS and the clays are coprocessed in scCO2, the “dispersion” of clays appears to be independent of modifier or polymer–clay interaction. However, the low-frequency storage modulus in the scCO2-processed 15A nanocomposites is two orders of magnitude higher than that of 93A nanocomposites. It is postulated that below percolation (solution blended composites), the strength of polymer–clay interaction is not a significant contributor to rheological enhancement. In the scCO2-processed nanocomposites the enhanced dispersion passes the percolation threshold and the interactions dictate the reinforcement potential of the clay–polymer–clay network. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 823–831, 2010
Digital Literacy Education for the Development of Digital Literacy

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of digital literacy education (DLE) on the development of digital literacy through a local digital technology community center, particularly for those with a lack of digital literacy. This study focuses on measuring significant differences between before and after digital literacy education through pre-and post-performance tests and surveys. This study also measures the relationships between the DLE and computer and Internet use. The mean comparison of the paired-samples t test results of this study shows an increase in the mean from pretest to posttest, implying the enhancement of digital literacy as a result of the education. The ultimate goal of the digital literacy education in this study is to provide people, who are the digitally illiterate, with learning and digital opportunities to improve their digital literacy through education in an informal setting and to facilitate digital connection and inclusion.
Scalar supercomputer architecture

High-performance scalar architectures that have the capability to issue multiple instructions per clock period are considered. The essential characteristics and the principal architectural tradeoffs in scientific array processors, very-long-instruction-word (VLIW) machines, the polycyclic architecture and decoupled computers are examined. Array processors rely solely on static code scheduling done manually or by the compiler. The scheduling task is quite complex, and the resulting code may not be very efficient. In a VLIW, sophisticated compiler technology provides software solutions for functions traditionally done in hardware. The polycyclic architecture is similar to array processors in its structure but provides architectural support to the instruction scheduling task. In decoupled architectures the hardware changes the order of instruction execution at run time. This dynamic code scheduling capability does not come at the expense of additional control complexity. >
A Case for the Community College's Open Access Mission.

America's community colleges have a unique mission to provide open access and affordable education to all who desire to learn. Unfortunately, this core mission is being threatened by myriad economic, social, and political challenges that community college leaders must confront and overcome.
The Leading Modes of 10–30 Day Variability in the Extratropics of the Northern Hemisphere during the Cold Season

Abstract The 10–30 day variability of extratropical, cold season (November–March) 700 mb geopotential height data of the Northern Hemisphere was studied through the use of rotated complex principal component (RCPC) analysis. The intramonthly modes (IMMs), which result from RCPC analysis of 36 years of 10–30 day bandpass filtered data, were examined. In order to assess seasonality separate analyses were done for three subseasons within the cold season. Tests of sensitivity (to the number of eigenvectors rotated) and robustness (to the deletion of part of the sample) were conducted to ensure the stability of the RCPC analysis. A Monte Carlo procedure was used to objectively identify episodes of occurrence. Based on the episodes a sequence of ten composite maps was constructed for each mode to depict the evolution over a typical lifecycle. The significance of these lifecycle composite maps was tested using a Monte Carlo procedure. The average periods of the IMMs are 16–18 days; almost all occurrences fall in...
Nitrogen Oxide Flux from an Agricultural Soil During Winter Fallow in the Upper Coastal Plain of North Carolina, U.S.A.

Abstract Incorporation of the remaining crop residue, including the root system, of grain (soybean and corn) and fiber (cotton) crops into the soil following harvest is a common agricultural practice. The crop residue represents a substantial portion of nitrogen initially applied as fertilizer, and thus is a potential source of nitrogen for NO emissions during the winter fallow period. Fluxes of NO and NO2 were measured from fallow fields from February 7 to March 23, 1994, using a dynamic chamber technique (ambient air as the carrier gas). Average NO flux rates, as a function of previous crop residue, were 9.2 (range –4.2 to 76) ng–N m–2 s–1 for soybean, 6.1 (range –11.7 to 110) ng–N m–2 s–1 for cotton, and 4.7 (range –0.2 to 40) ng–N m–2 s–1 for corn. Maximum NO fluxes were observed in mid–morning when soil temperatures were lowest. Minimum NO flux occurred after mid–afternoon when soil temperature reached a maximum. The decrease in NO flux with increase in soil temperature (5 cm depth) reflected the exi...
Estimation of von Liebig Response Functions

Two distinct but related approaches for the estimation of von Liebig response functions are presented. The first approach is based upon a two-phase, ordinary least squares procedure combined with bootstrapping for computing the standard errors of the estimates. The second approach generates maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and can be implemented according to two different parameterizations of the model. Application of the procedures to a sample of experimental data suggests a satisfactory degree of conformity of the results. A test of normality of the disturbance term based upon the estimated residuals failed to reject the null hypothesis, further supporting the maximum likelihood approach. This paper presents two distinct but related approaches for the estimation of von Liebig's response functions. First, a two-phase, ordinary least squares procedure is outlined. Second, maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are obtained by means of two different reparametrizations of the model. A nonlinear programming computer code is required to implement this approach. An application of the procedures to a sample of experimental data indicates a close conformity among the results. Advantages and limitations of each procedure are discussed in a concluding section.
Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) eradication progress and program costs in Ohio, USA

Abstract The purpose of this study was to document how the Ohio pseudorabies (PRV) (Aujeszky's disease) eradication program has progressed to its current status from its initiation in 1977 to the present, as well as to project the year and program costs of eradication of PRV from Ohio, based on a retrospective study of data retrieved from records available on swine herds quarantined in Ohio. All swine herds newly quarantined for PRV from January 1985 to 31 December 1992 ( n = 446) were eligible for the study, 374 (84%) of which had useable data available. Projected year of PRV eradication from Ohio was 1996. Information on detection methods of newly infected herds were only available for 52 of the 374 (14%) data files reviewed from 1985 through 1992, with laboratory diagnosis accounting for 30 of 52 (58%). ‘Area spread’ was identified as the most likely source of PRV infection of newly quarantined herds in 140 of 194 (72%) for which data files were available from the time period 1985 to 1992. Information on herd plans used in the same time interval were available for 285 of the 374 data files (76%). The median number of months under quarantine per herd from 1986 to 1992 were 7.7 months, 6.2 months, 5.9 months, 5.1 months, 17.3 months, 18.9 months and 12.3 months, respectively. Finally the average yearspecific cost per herd-month under quarantine representing 54% of herds released from quarantine for each of the years 1986 through 1992 ranged from $795 in 1990 to $2999 in 1992 and were based on the total amounts of money available and spent in the Ohio PRV eradication program. According to the cost analysis of the period 1993–1998, eradication of PRV can be achieved in Ohio, as projected, by 1996 at a minimum public cost of about $3.7 million discounted to 1992 dollars.
Limits to milk flow and energy allocation during lactation of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus).

ABSTRACT Energy allocation for maternal maintenance and milk production was examined in lactating hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) supporting three to seven offspring at 10° or 24°C. Lactating mothers obtained most of their energy from dietary intake (ca. 90%), and the remainder was withdrawn from maternal stores. There was no indication that a central limit to maternal energy assimilation constrained lactational performance. Maternal energy assimilation increased with a larger litter size (a higher production cost) and a decline in ambient temperature (a higher thermoregulatory cost) during lactation, without reaching an apparent limit. Further, there was no evidence of competitive energy allocation, which might occur if maternal energy assimilation were limited. Hence, increases in maternal thermoregulatory expenditure during lactation did not decrease the energy allocation for milk production. Lactating mothers had a capacity to increase milk production. Nonetheless, the milk flow did not fully s...
Nazifying Christmas: Political Culture and Popular Celebration in the Third Reich

Radical regimes revolutionize their holidays. Like the French Jacobins and the Russian Bolsheviks, who designed festival cultures intended to create revolutionary subjects, National Socialists manipulated popular celebration to build a “racially pure” fascist society. Christmas, long considered the “most German” of German holidays, was a compelling if challenging vehicle for the constitution of National Socialist identity. The remade “people's Christmas” (Volksweihnachten) celebrated the arrival of a savior, embodied in the twinned forms of the Fuhrer and the Son of God, who promised national resurrection rooted in the primeval Germanic forest and the “blood and soil” of the authentic Volk. Reinvented domestic rituals, brought to life by the “German mother” in the family home, embedded this revamped Christmas myth in intimate moments of domestic celebration. An examination of “people's Christmas” across this spectrum of public and private celebration offers a revealing case study of National Socialist political culture in action. It illuminates the ways Germans became Nazis through participation both in official festivities and the practices of everyday life and underscores the complexity of the relationship between popular celebration, political culture, and identity production in the “Third Reich.”
Right atrial compression in postoperative cardiac patients: Detection by transesophageal echocardiography

Abstract Four patients developed hypotension after heart surgery. Hemodynamic measurements revealed elevated right atrial pressure with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Conventional transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography was technically suboptimal for detection of pericardial effusion. In each patient transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated significant compression of the right atrium by a localized mass. At reoperation atrial compression by an organized hematoma was found and in each instance successfully drained. Thus, transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography in evaluating critically ill postoperative hypotensive patients and cm differentiate isolated right atrial tamponade from other causes of hemodynamik deterioration such as prosthetic valve dysfunction or left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or both.
Inhibition of male attraction of the Nantucket pine tip moth by a synthetic pheromone for the pitch pine tip moth.

A synthetic sex pheromone for the pitch pine tip moth, Rhyacionia rigidana (trans-8,trans-10-dodecadienyl acetate) prevented males of the Nantucket pine tip moth, R. frustrana from responding to conspecific calling females in traps.
The Stiles-Crawford hue shift following photopigment depletion.

THE colour of a light is determined by such factors as its dominant wavelength, luminance, colorimetric purity, locus of retinal stimulation, surround chromaticity and preceding adapting field. Stiles and Crawford1 were first to note that the position at which a small pencil of light enters the pupil also affects the light's colour. In general, light that enters through the centre of the pupil is seen as brighter than the same light impinging on the same retinal area but passing through the periphery of the pupil. This is known as the Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (S–C I). It has been demonstrated that this effect is due to the directional sensitivity of the receptors2–4 and is much more pronounced in cones than in rods5–8. Stiles9 also showed that two monochromatic lights of the same wavelength, one passing through the centre of the pupil (on-axis), the other entering through the periphery (off-axis), will differ in hue even after they are equated for brightness. (There is also a small change in saturation that becomes almost negligible at the long-wavelength end of the spectrum.) This is known as the Stiles–Crawford effect of the second kind (S–C II). For example, to match in hue an on-axis light of 610 nm an observer might require an off-axis light of 605 nm. The direction and magnitude of this hue shift varies with the wavelength of the on-axis light (Fig. 1). We have measured S–C II in conditions of varying levels of bleached photopigment. An explanation of the effect based on the absorbance of the photopigment can account for much but not all of the data. For the long-wavelength end of the spectrum, when the photopigment is significantly depleted, some other factor must have a role in mediating this effect.
MILK ALLERGY. I. ORAL CHALLENGE WITH MILK AND ISOLATED MILK PROTEINS IN ALLERGIC CHILDREN.

The diagnosis of milk allergy was confirmed in 89 children by oral challenge with milk and/or purified milk proteins. Most of these patients were diagnosed as allergic during the first 2 years of life. The symptoms of milk allergy usually began during the first few months of life. Eighteen of the total patients experienced spontaneous remission of milk hypersensitivity. Multiple symptoms were produced by oral milk challenge in 77% of the patients. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were frequently presenting and challenge symptoms. Several patients had central nervous system symptoms, urticaria, or anaphylactic reactions following milk challenge. Seventy-eight per cent of the presenting symptoms were reproduced by oral milk challenges. Challenge feedings produced symptoms not found in the history in 18% of the patients. No consistent patterns of symptom combinations were found. The onset time of oral challenge reactions was usually within the first 12 to 24 hours. Some reactions occurred within a few minutes while others required 2 days or more before they were discernible. The duration of challenge reactions was usually between 12 to 24 hours. Allergic symptoms appeared much sooner after oral challenge in the patients who required less milk to elicit an allergic reaction. Forty-five patients were challenged with amounts of the purified milk proteins, casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin, present in the challenge doses of 100 ml skim milk. Every patient had an allergic reaction to one or more milk proteins. The frequencies of reactions were casein, 57%; BSA, 51%; beta-lactoglobulin, 66%; and alpha-lactalbumin, 54%. The reactions from oral challenge to skim milk or purified milk protein in a given patient were very similar. No correlation was found between the symptoms produced and the specific protein which produced these reactions. By oral challenge tests few patients (13%) were allergic solely to the heat labile protein, BSA. Only two of these patients could be actually managed on a processed milk in which BSA was inactive by laboratory tests.
Naloxone enhancement of DMT and LSD-25 induced suppression of food-rewarded bar pressing behavior in the rat.

The narcotic antagonist naloxone was tested to determine its possible interaction with N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and lysergic acid diethylamide-25 (LSD) in adult male Holtzman rats trained to press a bar on a fixed-ratio four schedule (FR4), i.e., every fourth press earned a reward of 0.01 ml sugar sweetened milk. LSD (0.1 mg/kg) or increasing doses of DMT (1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mg/kg) were administered i.p. to disrupt food-rewarded fixed ratio bar pressing in a dose related fashion. Pretreatment (5–10 min) with behaviorally ineffective doses of naloxone (1.0–5.6 mg/kg) dramatically enhanced the effects of DMT and LSD. The content of DMT in the brain and liver of rats injected with DMT alone (10 mg/kg) and with a 5 min pretreatment of naloxone (3.2 mg/kg) was determined by radiochemical analysis at 30 and 90 min after 14C-DMT injection. There was no significant difference for either brain or liver 14C-DMT levels when control DMT rats were compared with the naloxone pretreated rats. These results seem to rule out interference by naloxone with the metabolism of DMT as a mechanism of the observed behavioral potentiation.
The effects of intertrial activity and locus of control orientation on verbal operant conditioning

Forty-eight male undergraduates participated in an experiment designed to investigate the effects of intertrial activity and locus of control orientation (internal or external) on verbal operant conditioning (VOC). It was hypothesized that intertrial activity which required Ss to verbalize continuously during the intertrial interval would interfere with VOC, as well as reduce the frequency of post experimentally assessed awareness among Ss. Both of these hypotheses were confirmed. In addition, it was hypothesized that intertrial activity would produce greater decrements in the performance of internals than externals. Exactly the opposite pattern of findings was obtained.
Interleukin 10- and Fcγ Receptor-Deficient Mice Resolve Leishmania mexicana Lesions

Infection of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with Leishmania mexicana is associated with a minimal immune response and chronic disease. Here we show that B6 interleukin 10−/− (IL-10−/−) mice resolve their lesions and exhibit increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ), nitric oxide production, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. This enhanced resistance was dependent upon IL-12p40, since treatment of L. mexicana-infected IL-10−/− mice with anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody abrogated healing. Antibody-opsonized L. mexicana induced IL-10 production by B6 macrophages in vitro, implicating antibody binding to Fc receptors as a mechanism involved in IL-10 production in this infection. Furthermore, B6 FcRγ−/− mice resolve L. mexicana lesions, and lymph node cells from these mice produced less IL-10 and more IFN-γ than cells from infected wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that removal of IL-10 or FcγR leads to resolution of L. mexicana disease and support a model in which ligation of FcγR by L. mexicana-bound immunoglobulin G promotes IL-10 production, leading to chronic disease.
Design and implementation of Rapport: a configurable distributed group support system

Teams face a wide variety of tasks, have a wide variety of word styles, and may work in geographically distributed locations. While many people believe networked computers will enhance teamwork, research into how this will be accomplished is in its infancy. While networks are getting faster and cheaper, they are often overloaded. A conjecture of this paper is that computer systems supporting teams must adapt to a wide variety of teamwork styles and (for the foreseeable future) conserve network bandwidth. Rapport, a real-time text oriented group support system, demonstrates the feasibility of these goals.
Web mining: information and pattern discovery on the World Wide Web

Application of data mining techniques to the World Wide Web, referred to as Web mining, has been the focus of several recent research projects and papers. However, there is no established vocabulary, leading to confusion when comparing research efforts. The term Web mining has been used in two distinct ways. The first, called Web content mining in this paper, is the process of information discovery from sources across the World Wide Web. The second, called Web usage mining, is the process of mining for user browsing and access patterns. We define Web mining and present an overview of the various research issues, techniques, and development efforts. We briefly describe WEBMINER, a system for Web usage mining, and conclude the paper by listing research issues.
MANAGEMENT, MOTIVATION AND STUDENT-CENTERED INSTRUCTION I: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

ABSTRACT We describe a research-based analytical framework (MALA, for motivation, activity, learning and attribution) for the examination of classroom management issues in student-centered instruction. We review research in classroom management for university and college-level classrooms and describe the research base for the MALA framework.
Carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis in Antarctic ice cores and an atmospheric history for the last 8000 years

©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) was measured in Antarctic ice core samples from the Byrd, Siple Dome, Taylor Dome, and West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide sites covering the last 8000 years of the Holocene. COS levels decrease downcore in most of these ice cores. The magnitude of the downcore trends varies among the different ice cores and is related to the thermal histories of the ice sheet at each site. We hypothesize that this is due to the temperature-dependent hydrolysis of COS that occurs in situ. We use a one-dimensional ice flow and heat flux model to infer temperature histories for the ice core samples from different sites and empirically determine the kinetic parameters for COS hydrolysis. We estimate e-folding lifetimes for COS hydrolysis ranging from 102 years to 106 years over a temperature range of 0°C to -50°C. The reaction kinetics are used to estimate and correct for the in situ COS loss, allowing us to reconstruct paleoatmospheric COS trends during the mid-to-late Holocene. The results suggest a slow, long-term increase in atmospheric COS that may have started as early as 5000 years ago. Given that the largest term in the COS budget is uptake by terrestrial plants, this could indicate a decline in terrestrial productivity during the late Holocene.
Aortic valve area: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of multi-detector computed tomography for aortic valve area measurements as compared to transthoracic echocardiography

Degenerative aortic valve stenosis (AS) has an incidence of 2–7% in the Western European and North American populations over 65 years of age. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the published literature evaluating the accuracy of CT planimetry to measure the aortic valve area. The PUBMED and OVID databases were searched up to May 2008. Major criteria for article inclusion was the use of (a) multi-detector computed tomography as a diagnostic test for the assessment of AVA in patients with AS, and (b) TTE as the reference standard. Nine studies were included in the analysis with 175 women and 262 men. The mean AVA as measured by CT was 1.0 ± 0.1. The mean AVA measured by TTE was 0.9 ± 0.1. The correlation between CT and TTE AVA measurements was r = 1.45. The mean difference was 0.03 ± 0.05. The results of our meta-analysis suggest that multi-detector CT is an accurate method for obtaining AVA measurements in patients with AS.
An algorithm for constructing 3D struts

A simple robust "strut algorithm" is presented which, when given a graph embedded in 3D space, thickens its edges into solid struts. Various applications, crystallographic and sculptural, are shown in which smooth high-genus forms are the output. A toolbox of algorithmic techniques allow for a variety of novel, visually engaging forms that express a mathematical aesthetic. In sculptural examples, hyperbolic tessellations in the Poincare plane are transformed in several ways to three-dimensional networks of edges embodied within a plausibly organic organization. By the use of different transformations and adjustable parameters in the algorithms, a variety of attractive forms result. The techniques produce watertight boundary representations that can be built with solid freeform fabrication equipment. The final physical output satisfies the "coolness criterion," that passers by will pick them up and say "Wow, that's cool!".
Fibroblast-dependent differentiation of human microvascular endothelial cells into capillary-like 3-dimensional networks

An in vitro model has been developed to study migration, survival, proliferation, and capillary-like differentiation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) in an environment that avoids tumor promoters and complex matrices. HMVEC monolayers were plated, then induced to form three-dimensional, capillary-like networks by overlaying with human type I collagen followed by a second overlay of collagen with embedded fibroblasts. Detachment and migration of endothelial cells into the matrix was triggered within hours by the overlaying collagen, and the fibroblasts stimulated survival and formation of cords, vacuoles, tubes, and, after 4 to 5 days, capillary networks. The differentiation into branching capillary-like structures was dependent on direct fibroblast-endothelial cell contact and was not achieved when fibroblasts were replaced by seven types of melanoma cells, which included radial and vertical growth phase primary and metastatic stages. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), when overexpressed in fibroblasts, stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and migration, whereas angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) had only motogenic effects. Neutralizing antibodies against VEGF and blocking antibodies for VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGFR2) significantly inhibited but not completely obliterated capillary network formation, suggesting that the VEGF signaling pathway is important but not exclusive and that other fibroblast-derived soluble factors and fibroblast-endothelial cell contact are essential for endothelial cell survival and differentiation.
Chronic mitral-aortic fibrosa pseudoaneurysm after aortic valve replacement

A 67-year-old male with previous tuberculous pericarditis with pericardiectomy and two prior aortic valve replacements was found to have a posterior aortic pseudoaneurysm in a transoesophageal echocardiogram. A computed tomography was ordered (Figs 1 and 2 and Supplementary Video 1). Due to the complicated anatomy of the aneurysm and the extensive pericardial calcification, the risks of a fourth surgery were considered high, and the patient was discharged with close clinical follow-up. Supplementary material (Video 1) is available at EJCTS online.
High‐Temperature Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Oxynitride Spinel

The electrical conductivity of pure aluminum oxynitride spinel was measured at 1300° to 1500°C under flowing nitrogen gas. The re sults for two nonstoichiometric spinel compositions can be fitted by exponential expressions with an activation energy of 116± I Wlmol. The mobilities calculated from aluminum vacancy concentrations and conductivities, 8.07x cm'/V-s, are reasonable for ionic conduction. The complex impedance plot suggests electrode double-layer effects being damped out at higher frequencies in the range 10’to lo4 Hz.
Using Discrete Distributions to Compute Powers for Goodness-of-Fit Test Statistics in a One-Way Multinomial Setting

Both the Bionomial and Poisson distributions are employed in this study to compute approximate powers for goodness-of-fit test statistics. The procedure adopted involves simulating 1000 samples from each of these distributions. These samples are then employed to compute both the randomized nominal critical values and estimated powers. The type I error rates returned from the use of the randomized critical levels Cα fall within the acceptable regions. We illustrate the use of the procedure with the Pearson's X2 test statistic and show that this can readily be extended to any of the other well known goodness-of-fit test statistics.
Health Care Workforce for the Twenty-First Century: The Impact of Nonphysician Clinicians

For many years, nonphysician clinicians (NPCs) have participated in the care of patients. However, their numbers were small and their licensed prerogatives were narrow. Over the past decade, these characteristics have changed in three important ways. First, training in many of the NPC disciplines has increased substantially, and the growth of these disciplines is accelerating. Second, state laws and regulations have expanded both the practice prerogatives of NPCs and their autonomy from physician supervision. Third, payers have increased their access to reimbursement. As a consequence, NPCs are undertaking many elements of care that previously were provided by physicians. Their participation is generally cost-effective and is met with a high degree of patient satisfaction. This presents both opportunities and challenges to physicians as they forge new relationships with NPCs and as their own spectrum of responsibilities evolves.
MAX STIRNER AND THE LAST MAN

Alexander Kojeve linked two major events that occurred in October of 1806: the first political, Napoleon's victory at Jena; the second philosophical, Hegel's completion of The Phenomenology of Mind. Kojeve held these events to be complementary, both completing the initial formation and expression of ‘modernity’. This thesis was accepted by Leo Strauss and later by Strauss' disciple Francis Fukayama. The latter's two works The End of History and The Last Man, both ‘neo-conservative’ in character, have exercised a powerful influence on the policies of the United States Department of State. Although optimistic in regarding the global advance of democratic societies as the end of history, both Kojeve and Fukayama nevertheless conclude that this advance will stop short of its proper end with the appearance of a morally vapid Nietzschean ‘Last Man’. This essay connects the birth of Stirner to the events of 1806; Stirner set his own ‘cause’ before all external ideals or romantic programs, such as a striving to be a Nietzschen Ubermensch or joining a revolution of Marxian ‘Lumpen’. Following the signals of both Hegelianism and democratic politics, Stirner can be considered, and would be pleased to present himself, as the ‘Last Man’.