cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Nonribosomal Peptide-Polyketide Interfaces in Epothilone Biosynthesis: Minimal Requirements at N and C Termini of EpoB for Elongation

Epothilone (Epo) D, an antitumor agent currently in clinical trials, is a hybrid natural product produced by the combined action of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and polyketide synthases (PKS). In the epothilone biosynthetic pathway, EpoB, a 165 kDa NRPS is inserted into an otherwise entirely PKS assembly line, forming two hybrid NRPS-PKS interfaces. In light of the terminal linker effect previously identified in PKS, the N- and C-terminal sequences of EpoB were examined for their roles in propagating the incipient natural product. Eight amino acid residues at EpoB C terminus, in which six are positively charged, were found to be a key component of the C-terminal linker effect. A minimal sequence of 56 residues at EpoB N terminus was required for elongating the acetyl group from the acyl carrier protein (ACP) of EpoA to form methylthiazolyl-S-EpoB.
Quantum Molecular Dynamics: a New Algorithm for Linear and Nonlinear Electron Transport in Disordered Materials

Quantum molecular dynamics QMD simulations pro vide the real-time dynamics of electrons and ions through numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger and Newton equations, respectively. With this technique it is possible to go beyond the structural aspects to study electron dynamics, including linear and nonlinear electron transport, in materials at finite tem peratures. The solution of the time-dependent Schro dinger equation for the electron wave function is ob tained by a spectral method, which for bulk systems is implemented with discrete fast Fourier FFT transforms. For systems with broken symmetry due to surfaces or interfaces, the spectral method combines the solution of a tridiagonal set of equations with FFT. Using QMD simulations we have investigated the localization be havior and the mobility of excess electrons at finite tem peratures in highly disordered systems such as a dense helium gas and amorphous silicon. Future QMD simula tions for many electrons within the framework of time- dependent density functional theory and implementation of molecular dynamics on massively parallel architec tures are discussed.
Enhanced wound healing, kinase and stem cell marker expression in diabetic organ-cultured human corneas upon MMP-10 and cathepsin F gene silencing.

Purpose. Diabetic corneas overexpress proteinases including matrix metalloproteinase-10 (M10) and cathepsin F (CF). Our purpose was to assess if silencing M10 and CF in organ-cultured diabetic corneas using recombinant adenovirus (rAV)-driven small hairpin RNA (rAV-sh) would normalize slow wound healing, and diabetic and stem cell marker expression.
Computation of accuracy of current transformers

WHILE the general principles of the operation of current transformers have been known for some time, and tests have provided much experimental data, the introduction of high-speed relaying, especially differential protection, required a greater knowledge of currenttransformer performance than was necessary previously. It is the purpose of this paper to present a method of calculating the accuracy of current transformers.
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM RESPONSIVENESS, EXPECTANCY THEORY CONSTRUCTS, AND WORK MOTIVATION: SOME INTERRELATIONS AND CAUSAL CONNECTIONS

BROADLY speaking, a society can distribute its resources according to any combination of three competing philosophies: birthright, egalitarianism, and competition (Gardner, 1961). Similarly, organizations can and do distribute their resources based on such approaches as (a) nepotism and favoritism, (b) across-the-board distributions ("everyone gets the same"), and (c) merit allocations ("let the best man win"). While social philosophers and others continue to debate the goodness of these alternatives from a societal perspective, recent theorizing and research by applied psychologists suggest some motivational advantages to the third approach. More specifically, perhaps the most widely cited implication of expectancy-value theory is that organizations should create a strong, explicit connection between effective job performance (or desired work behaviors) on the one hand, and organizationally mediated rewards, on the other. According to this theory (e.g., Campbell, Dunnette, Lawler, and Weick, 1970; Graen, 1969; Porter and Lawler, 1968; Vroom, 1964), a person's motivation to work is a positive, multiplicative function of (a) the perceived relationship between effort and work-related rewards—a relationship which is sometimes separated into effort-performance (El) and performance-reward (E2) com-, ponents—and (b) the value or valence of these anticipated, workrelated rewards. It follows, therefore, that an organizationa l reward system which is responsive to variations in individual job per
Externality, Environment, and Obesity in Children

On the assumption that external responsiveness and environmental characteristics jointly determine whether a child will achieve an excessive weight gain, perpetuating and maintaining obesity, probability hierarchy was hypothesized and tested. Ss of the study were 24 obese and 24 average-weight, white boys, mean age 9 years, 5 months. An auditory distraction task and Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test were used to measure auditory and visual responsivity to external cues, respectively. Socioeconomic status was used as an indicator of the childhood environment. As predicted, the greatest percentages of obese children were observed in the lower-socioeconomic, external group, followed by the lower-socioeconomic, internal group and middle-socioeconomic, external group. The smallest percentage of obese children was observed in the middle-socioeconomic, internal group.
A critical analysis of the new public management

Abstract This essay critically examines the New Public Management (NPM) as a comprehensive administrative reform. For public sector reform to be successful it must reconcile several fundamental tensions that strongly influence public management practice. The first tension is that between legal and political traditions and the universalistic principles of management. The second is between models of governance resting upon the premise that self-interest motivates citizens and their representatives and models based upon the assumption that people manifest their preferences through trust and cooperation. NPM does not and perhaps cannot reconcile these tensions; indeed its proponents more often than not tend to sweep them under the table.
The Effect of Sex, Age, and Hormonization on the Ash Content of Chicken Bones

ABSTRACT THE use of synthetic chemicals with estrogenic properties has recently received much attention from both commercial producers and research workers. Numerous reports are in the literature concerning the effect of hormonization on the flavor, tenderness, chemical composition, and body weight of chickens of various ages. This study was made in an effort to determine the effect of hormone treatment, as well as sex and age, on the ash content of chicken bones. Reports from commercial processors, and observations in the University processing plant have indicated that the bones of hormonized birds are more prone to break during handling and processing than are those of non-hormonized birds. It was felt that bone ash percentages might give some clarification of this bone breakage. LITERATURE Holmes, Piggett and Moore (1932) found the percentage ash of chicken bones to be greater in males than in females at three weeks of age. They also found . . .
Improving the Reliability of MLC NAND Flash Memories Through Adaptive Data Refresh and Error Control Coding

NAND Flash memory has become the most widely used non-volatile memory technology. We focus on multi-level cell (MLC) NAND Flash memories because they have high storage density. Unfortunately MLC NAND Flash memory also has reliability problems due to narrower threshold voltage gap between logical states. Errors in these memories can be classified into data retention (DR) errors and program interference (PI) errors. DR errors are dominant if the data storage time is longer than 1 day and these errors can be reduced by refreshing the data. PI errors are dominant if the data storage time is less than 1 day and these errors can be handled by error control coding (ECC). In this paper we propose a combination of data refresh policies and low cost ECC schemes that are cognizant of application characteristics to address the errors in MLC NAND Flash memories. First, we use Gray code based encoding to reduce the error rates in the four subpages (MSB-even, LSB-even, MSB-odd, LSB-odd) of a 2-bit MLC NAND Flash memory. Next, we apply data refresh techniques where the refresh interval is a function of the program/erase (P/E) frequency of the application. We show that an appropriate choice of refresh interval and BCH based ECC scheme can minimize memory energy while satisfying the reliability constraint.
Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, poverty, and national priorities

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as found in children, represents a microcosm of the problems and failures of this nation's health care system for the poor. EPIDEMIOLOGY When Oleske et al 1 and Rubenstein et al 2 first described the disease in children, it was not evident that AIDS was to become a disease found predominantly in poor children of minority status. But in the years since those first reports appeared, epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that AIDS in children is largely acquired through perinatal transmission from HIV-infected mothers who are or have been involved in intravenous drug use or who have had intercourse with someone involved in the drug culture. About 15% of children with AIDS are hemophiliacs or others who were infected by contaminated blood products before the advent of the national universal HIV blood screening program. Presumably, the number of transfusion-related cases will
Correlates of therapist's religious attitude and conservatism

This study examined the relationship between therapists' religious attitude in therapy, measured by the Therapist's Religious Attitude Scale and conservatism measured by the Wilson–Patterson Attitude Inventory. The 80 participants, 22 males and 58 females, were solicited from the American Psychological Association list server. Participants who endorsed a religious affiliation reported a more positive attitude to discuss religion in therapy and a higher conservatism and anti-hedonism. The higher score on the Therapist's Religious Attitude Scale was positively correlated with higher scores on conservatism, antihedonism, religion, and militarism subscales, and negatively correlated with the realism subscale score of the Wilson–Patterson Attitude Inventory. The clinical implications of these findings and the impact in therapy were discussed. It was advised that the therapists seek consultation when necessary.
Quasielastic neutrino scattering from oxygen and the atmospheric neutrino problem.

We examine several phenomena beyond the scope of Fermi-gas models that affect the quasielastic scattering (from oxygen) of neutrinos in the 0.1-3.0 GeV range. These include Coulomb interactions of outgoing protons and leptons, a realistic finite-volume mean field, and the residual nucleon-nucleon interaction. None of these effects are accurately represented in the Monte Carlo simulations used to predict event rates due to μ and e neutrinos from cosmic-ray collisions in the atmosphere. We nevertheless conclude that the neglected physics cannot account for the anomalous μ-to-e ratio observed at Kamiokande and IMB, and is unlikely to change absolute event rates by more than 10-15%. We briefly mention other phenomena, still to be investigated in detail, that may produce larger changes.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency regulates expression of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid: a mechanism for differential gonadotrope function

Follistatin (FS) is a monomeric glycoprotein that selectively inhibits both secretion of FSH and expression of FSH beta messenger RNA (mRNA), presumably via its ability to bind activin. FS mRNA and protein are present in the gonadotrope, suggesting a local action in regulating FSH beta. Pituitary FS mRNA increases after gonadectomy and at the midcycle gonadotropin surge of the estrous cycle, times of increased GnRH secretion. Thus, the purpose of the present studies was to assess the role of GnRH secretion on the regulation of pituitary FS. To confirm GnRH regulation of FS and to study the role of gonadal steroids, adult male rats were gonadectomized (2-36 h), with some animals receiving either testosterone (T) replacement, LRF-147 (a GnRH antagonist, AC-DTrp1-pCl-DPhe2-DTrp3-Ser4-Tyr5-DArg6-L eu7-Arg8-Pro9-DAla10), or both for 36 h (from the time of castration). Pituitary FS mRNA increased rapidly after castration, with levels rising 3-fold by 12 h and 4-fold by 36 h when compared to intact animals (P < ...
Systematics of neotropical gastropod-eating snakes: the sartorii group of the genus Sibon

Sibon sartorii, S. annulifera and S. zweifeli are more closely related to each other than to any other species of Sibon, and together they comprise the sartorii group. The sartorii group is distinguished by the shared characteristics of: 1) cylindrical body; 2) dorsal scales of equal size; 3) dorsal pattern of black bands alternating with light bands of red, orange, yellow, beige, cream or white; 4) 6-12 maxillary teeth; 5) 10-16 dentary teeth; and 6) non-protruding eyes of small to moderate diameter. Geographic and non-geographic variation in the species are analyzed. Colors of light bands and collars of S. sartorii cannot be used as a characteristic to diagnose subspecies because of the tremendous variation throughout its range. S. sartorii has two valid subspecies, the nominate form and S. sartorii macdougalli. Data are presented for inclusion of Tropidodipsas sartorii annulata in the synonymy of S. s. sartorii. S. annulifera is monotypic, and S. zweifeli is known from only two specimens.
Abstract LB-141: Multiple protein secretion profiling analysis of cancer cells at single cell and small cell colony level with integrated barcode chip

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Pathophysiology of a complex disease such as cancer requires capability to analyze highly heterogeneous cellular events at single cell level, which can measure large numbers of molecular events from individual cells to be analyzed in statistically meaningful manner. Here we report on an approach that integrates microfluidic cell handling and in situ protein secretion profiling to assess the functional heterogeneity of single cells, with extensions to small cell colonies. We measured a dozen proteins secreted from cells for the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We observed functional phenotypes in terms of secreted proteins with profound cellular heterogeneity but still in a statistically meaningful manner. The unique features that we confirmed from single cell analysis can present additional useful information to the conventional bulk analysis. Combining physical status of the system such as cell-cell distance and the protein secretion profiles enables to study tumor microenvironment. We further demonstrate the potential application of this platform to the clinic by analyzing solid tumor cells derived from a GBM patient. This platform is inexpensive, requires minute amounts of cells and yields large volume of molecular information, showing great potential for clinical assessment of cellular characteristics in human disease lesions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-141.
Assessment of Warm-Mix Asphalt for Heavy Traffic Airfields

This paper presents the results of tests of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures designed for airfield pavements. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included laboratory tests on 11 WMA technologies. The tests in Phase 2 were performed on three WMA mixtures and one hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture produced in an asphalt plant. The evaluation included performance tests to assess WMA susceptibility to permanent deformation and moisture damage compared with that of HMA produced with the same aggregate blend. Test results indicated that WMA potentially was a viable product for surface mixtures on airfield pavements. Although WMA exhibited poorer performance than HMA in moisture damage tests on laboratory-produced specimens, the plant-produced mix indicated little difference compared with HMA. Rutting potential for WMA was somewhat greater than for HMA for mixtures produced both in the laboratory and in an asphalt plant according to asphalt pavement analyzer and Hamburg wheel tracking tests. Differe...
Fate and movement of endosulfan under field conditions

The impact of soil mulches on movement of endosulfan (Thiodan 3 EC) was measured under field conditions. Three soil treatments on a Lowell silty loam soil (5% organic matter) were used to reduce soil erosion and surface water runoff. Living turf mulch (tall fescue) between every cropping row (turf-1), turf every other row (turf-2), and no mulch (NM) treatments were compared. Thiodan was used as foliar single spray on tomato and pepper at the rate of 0.61 kg AI/ha. Following field spraying, runoff water, sediment, and soil samples were collected and analyzed for endosulfan concentration. Endosulfan infiltration through the vadose zone was monitored using pressure-vacuum lysimeters. Studies were also undertaken to determine the magnitude and dissipation of endosulfan stereoisomers (α- and β-endosulfan) and endosulfan sulfate. Analysis of samples was accomplished using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results confirm the formation of endosulfan sulfate and its significance as a residue component in soil and also the relative persistence of the β-isomer as compared to the α-isomer. Cultivation of turf between cropping rows and pepper intercropped with tomato reduced runoff water and sediment loss and endosulfan movement from application site to surface water runoff. Treatments planted with pepper intercropped with tomato have a tremendous impact on reducing runoff water discharge (67.3% reduction) and sediment loss (85.9% reduction) compared to that planted with pepper plants only. Results indicated the vertical movement of endosulfan through the vadose zone at a concentration of 0.63 μg/L. Soil core data also indicated that endosulfan leached 23 to 46 cm in the soil.
Thompson hip hemiarthroplasty: Asymptomatic after 44 years a case report

Its popularity has been fadingin recent years as it is replaced by other types of hemiar-throplasty stems, bipolar prosthesis as well as total hiparthroplasty. Recent reports of better outcomes with totalhip arthroplasty have also contributed to this reduction inuse.Arecentstudycomparedreductionandinternalﬁxation,bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty in thetreatment of displaced, intracapsular hip fractures inhealthy, older patients. It showed that total hip arthroplastywas the most successful clinically and most cost-effective.
A role for the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway in MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation

THE degradation of most cellular proteins starts with their covalent conjugation with ubiquitin1,2. This labels the proteins for rapid hydrolysis to oligopeptides by a (26S) proteolytic complex containing a (20S) degradative particle called the proteasome3,4. Some system in the cytosol also generates antigenic peptides from endogenously synthesized cellular and viral proteins5–10. These peptides bind to newly synthesized class I major histocompatibility complex molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum and peptide/class I complexes are then transported to the cell surface for presentation to cytotoxic T cells11,12. How these peptides are produced is unknown, although a modification that promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of a viral protein enhances its presentation with class I13 and indirect evidence suggests a role for proteolytic particles closely resembling and perhaps identical to the proteasome4,12,14,15. Using cells that exhibit a temperature-sensitive defect in ubiquitin conjugation, we report here that nonpermissive temperature inhibited class I-restricted presentation of ovalbumin introduced into the cytosol, but did not affect presentation of an ovalbumin peptide synthesized from a minigene. These results implicate the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway in the production of antigenic peptides.
ER “capture” of the skid-row alcoholic

Abstract In response to the spiraling anger and frustration voiced by the emergency room (ER) medical staff and the observed negative interactions between the alcohol-dependent patient and the ER staff, the author completed a 6-month retrospective review of all patients evaluated by the ER service with a complaint of alcohol abuse, chronic alcoholism, or requesting detoxification. As a result of that study, an ER-based comprehensive approach to the management of this population was proposed. Utilizing an existing Connecticut state statute, a specific approach to manage the skid-row alcholic arriving repeatedly in the ER was developed. I report on this ER-based model and an approach to “capturing” the skid-row alcoholic.
Molecular simulation and theory of associating chain molecules

A closed-form statistical mechanical based equation of state for associating chain fluids is presented. A Lennard-Jones chain is used as a reference to account for the repulsive, dispersive and anisotropic (size) contributions, while the short-range directional attraction is treated as a perturbation expansion based on Wertheim's first-order theory of associating fluids. A model fluid composed of a chain of tangently bonded Lennard-Jones spheres with an associating square-well site at one of the end spheres is studied. Isobaric-isothermal Monte Carlo simulations were performed for this model at subcritical and supercritical temperatures at a association strength typical of hydrogen-bonding systems. The theory is seen accurately to predict the simulation results subject to the limitations of the equation of state of the reference fluid. The system studied has some of the main complexities found in associating chain molecules such as organic acids, alkanols, and primary amines.
Hormonal induction of ovulation and spawning in the blind cave fish, Anoptichthys jordani with the use of human chorionic gonadatropin.

Experimentell wird gezeigt, dass die Injektion von menschlichem Choriongonadotropin beim HohlenfischAnoptichthys jordani, das Fortpflanzungsverhalten vermehrt und der Ertrag an entwicklungsfahigen Eiern grosser ist, wenn mehrere Parchen gleichzeitig mit Hormon behandelt und im gleichen Aquarium zur Eiablage belassen werden.
Normal-incidence infrared modulators based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We report normal incidence infrared electroabsorption modulation utilizing the Stark effect to induce (Gamma) -L transitions in asymmetric AlSb/InAs/Al0.4Ga0.6Sb/GaSb/AlSb quantum wells on a undoped GaSb substrate grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The normal incidence measurements of the fabricated devices were performed under various electric fields at T equals 77K using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The modulation absorption was found to be directly proportional to applied bias. The largest infrared absorption at 5 micrometers with an absorption coefficient of 3200 cm-1 was obtained at 14 V reverse bias. Our results indicate the potential of this novel structure for application in normal incidence modulators.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Detracking in the Social Studies: A Path to a More Democratic Education?

This article examines the practices of tracking and detracking in the social studies classroom. I argue that the content goals and the pedagogical orientations of social studies classes lend themselves to detracking. First I describe some of the issues regarding tracking and detracking in general. Following that is a discussion of the match between the social studies goals of democracy, inquiry, and civic participation and the goals of detracking. I then argue that the pedagogical practices recommended for teaching social studies are also those utilized in successful detracked classrooms. Finally, I discuss some of the challenges to detracking in the social studies.
Dissociation of OCS in liquid argon excited by an electron beam. Evidence of S(1S → 3P) and S2(B 3Σ−u → X 3Σ−g) emissions

Abstract Optical emission from e-beam excited liquid argon doped with OCS consists of a prominent S 2 (B 3 Σ − u → X 3 Σ − g ) band progression ( v ′ = 0 to v ″ = 5–18 and v ′ = 1 to v ″ = 4–8), similar to the observation made in an argon matrix, but with a lesser red shift. The time decay of these bands exhibits a fast component ( 3 P) atoms: S( 3 P) + S( 3 P) → S 2 (B 3 Σ − u ). Spectral study of the slow component ( r > 5 μs) shows a peak at 456 nm identified as the S( 1 S → 3 P) transition. A possible mechanism for this behavior is discussed.
Preparation of no-carrier-added 4-[131i]iodoantipyrine using chloramine-T

The blood flow reagent 4-iodoantipyrine, labelled with 131I or 125I, was prepared by allowing aqueous antipyrine to react with either no-carrier-added 131I−I or 125I−I in the presence of chloramine-T. Purification of 4-[131I]iodoantipyrine was performed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and resulted in a 99 ± 1% radiochemically pure product in an overall 90% yield. The use of iodogen for oxidation of the radioiodine was also investigated.
Progesterone Maintains Basal Intracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Levels and Viability of Spontaneously Immortalized Granulosa Cells by Promoting an Interaction between 14-3-3σ and ATP Synthaseβ/Precursor through a Protein Kinase G-Dependent Mechanism

The present studies were designed to 1) describe changes in both the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells as they undergo apoptosis, 2) identify some of the downstream events that are activated by progesterone (P4), and 3) relate these downstream events to changes in mitochondrial function and apoptotic cell death. These studies revealed that in response to serum deprivation, the mitochondrial membrane potential initially hyperpolarizes and ATP content increases. That this increase in ATP is required for apoptosis was demonstrated by the finding that oligomycin inhibited the increase in ATP and apoptosis. Piridoxalphosphate-6-azopeyl-2'-4'-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of purinergic receptors, which are activated by ATP, also inhibited apoptosis due to serum withdrawal. This study provides additional support for ATP's causative role in apoptosis. Moreover, 8-Br-cGMP, a protein kinase G (PKG) activator, mimicked P4's action, whereas a PKG antagonist, DT-3, attenuated P4's suppressive effect on ATP and apoptosis. Finally, DT-3 treatment was shown to attenuate P4-regulated phosphorylation of 14-3-3sigma and its binding partner, ATP synthasebeta/precursor and the amount of ATP synthasebeta/precursor that bound to 14-3-3sigma. Based on these data, it is proposed that P4 prevents apoptosis in part by activating PKG, which in turn maintains the interaction between ATP synthasebeta/precursor and 14-3-3sigma. In the absence of P4-induced PKG activity, we further propose that some ATP synthasebeta precursor dissociates from 14-3-3sigma, resulting in its activation and incorporation into the ATP synthase complex, which ultimately results in an increase in ATP and apoptosis.
Theory of Critical-Point Scattering and Correlations. II. Heisenberg Models

The spin-spin correlation functions and the critical-scattering intensity for Heisenberg models of general spin, $S=\frac{1}{2}$ to $\ensuremath{\infty}$, on the sc, bcc, and fcc lattices are studied on the basis of high-temperature series expansions along the lines developed in Paper I [M. E. Fisher and R. J. Burford, Phys. Rev. 156, 583 (1967)]. Subject to increased uncertainties for low spin, it is concluded that the exponents $\ensuremath{\gamma}={1.375}_{\ensuremath{-}0.01}^{+0.02}$, $2\ensuremath{\nu}={1.405}_{\ensuremath{-}0.01}^{+0.02}$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.043\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.014$ describe all lattices and all spin. Explicit formulas are presented for the susceptibility/zero-angle scattering ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}(T)$, for the inverse correlation length ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{1}(T)$, for the effective interaction range ${r}_{1}(T)$, and using the Fisher-Burford approximant, for the total scattering $\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\chi}}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}},T)$. The shape parameter ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c}$ attains the "universal" value ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}0$. 11 for large spin but shows signs of spin dependence (and lattice dependence) for low spin. At fixed k the scattering is predicted to display a maximum above ${T}_{c}$ determined by $\frac{{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{1}({T}_{max})}{k}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.10 (\mathrm{for} S\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2)$ to 0.15. A detailed study is made of the structure dependence of the critical-point correlations ${〈{S}_{0}^{z}{S}_{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}^{z}〉}_{c}$ for various models. This leads to the revised, universal estimate ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}0$. 15 for all three cubic lattice, spin-\textonehalf{} Ising models. The results are compared d briefly with various experiments which support $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.05$.
Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and positive maxillary antral cultures in children with symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Abstract Objectives Studies have shown that gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs more frequently than expected in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. The objective of this study is to further understand the relationship of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with symptoms of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and chronic cough. Methods A retrospective chart review of 63 children, ages 6 months to 10 years old with rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and chronic cough. The patients underwent maxillary cultures, adenoidectomy, and distal third esophageal biopsies. Children with esophageal biopsies showing esophagitis were classified as positive for gastroesophageal reflux disease, and maxillary antral swabs growing a high density of bacteria were classified as positive for chronic rhinosinusitis. Results Six months to 5 years old children (n = 43), 6 (14%) had simultaneous positive maxillary antral cultures and positive esophageal biopsies, 11 (26%) had positive esophageal biopsies alone, 23 (53%) had positive maxillary antral cultures alone, and 3 (7%) had neither. Six to 10 years old children (n = 20), 9 (45%) had simultaneous positive maxillary antral cultures and positive esophageal biopsies, 1 (5%) patient had positive esophageal biopsies alone, 3 (15%) patients had positive maxillary antral cultures alone, and 7 (35%) patients had neither. Twenty-seven (42%) of the patients from the whole study had gastroesophageal reflux positive biopsies. The younger children were statistically likely to have chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease independently of each other (p = 0.0002). A direct group comparison found the younger group to have independent chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease and the older group to have simultaneous chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (p = 0.0006). Conclusion In children with the presenting symptoms of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and chronic cough, younger children tend to have either chronic rhinosinusitis or gastroesophageal reflux disease, whereas older children tend to have a more complicated etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease or other. In all of these patients gastroesophageal reflux disease plays an important role, as over 40% of all patients had gastroesophageal positive biopsies.
Elimination of the M. hyorhinis from murine neuroblastoma cell lines by in vivo passage.

Cell lines derived from a murine neuroblastoma, Clone N18, were cured of theirM. hyorhinis infection by in vivo passage. The major variable determining success of this method was found to be the incubation time in vivo. Infected cells maintained in vivo for 27 d or more and then placed in culture were free of mycoplasma whereas those maintained in vivo for 7 or 14 d were found to still be infected. This approach to eliminating mycoplasma infection may be successful using other tumor cell lines.
Hospital Treatment of Elderly Neuropsychiatric Patients. I. Initial Clinical and Administrative Experience with a New Teaching Ward

Program planning and the initial experience of a new teaching ward for geriatric psychiatry are described. Elderly psychiatric patients, with diagnoses predominantly of depression and dementia, demonstrate more self-centeredness and less group awareness than do younger patients. Ward staff members often experience frustration, sadness and anger in response to working with them. Major problems unique to a geriatric psychiatry service include the paucity of adequate resources for post-discharge care and the necessity to obtain excellent medical-surgical consultation and support.
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations of the 2 s 21 S 0 – 2 s 2 p 3 P 1 intercombination transition in C III

Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations for the ${2s}^{21}{S}_{0}--2s2p{}^{3}{P}_{1}$ intercombination transition in C III are revisited. To improve the accuracy, the orbital sets for the initial- and final-state wave functions were not restricted to be the same, but were optimized independently. The calculated $2s2p{}^{3}P$ fine-structure splitting and the ${2s}^{21}{S}_{0}--{2s2p}^{3}{P}_{1}$ transition energy are in good agreement with experiment. The predicted transition rate $A=102.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is in agreement with a recent storage-ring measurement by Doerfert et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4355 (1997)]. Results are also presented for the allowed ${2s}^{21}{S}_{0}--2s2p{}^{1}{P}_{1}$ transition and the ${2s}^{21}{S}_{0}--2s2p{}^{3}{P}_{2}$ magnetic quadrupole transition.
ESTUARINE CAGE CULTURE OF HYBRID STRIPED BASS

Nine 0.5-m3 cages were stocked with three densities (100, 150 and 200/m3) of female striped bass X male white bass hybrids that averaged 44.6 g on 10 April 1981. Fish received a dry, floating commercial trout diet ad libitum 2 or 3 times daily. Survival to harvest (22 November 1981) for all densities averaged 95% with a mean weight per fish of 333 g. Growth of the hybrids was positively correlated with temperature, and greatest growth occurred during the period of highest water temperatures. Growth was negatively correlated with salinity. The mean coefficient of condition (K) was approximately 1.5 for the hybrids. No significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in terms of growth in length, weight or condition of the hybrids, between densities. Biomass at harvest averaged 46.6 kg/m3 with a maximum of 62.2 kg/m3 for a high density replicate. A combined feed conversion ratio of dry feed to wet fish weight was 1.58:1. Results demonstrate the potential of the hybrid striped bass for use in aquaculture and indicate that the hybrids can be grown to commercial size within 18 months in small cages at densities as high as 200 fish/m3. Additional information was obtained for striped bass held in cages at a density of 50 fish/m3.
Magnetohydrodynamic models of coronal transients in the meridional plane. II - Simulation of the coronal transient of 1973 August 21

A two-dimensional planar MHD model of solar atmospheric transient events is used to simulate the flare-associated events of August 21, 1973. This event, observed in H-alpha, He II 304 A, soft X-ray, and coronal white light, provided sufficient information (especially in the latter diagnostic) for an assessment to be made of the model's ability to simulate major features of an actual solar event. It was found that a thermodynamic input pulse based on data provided by the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center-Aerospace Corporation X-ray telescope (S-056) on Skylab was sufficient to produce the global geometry, shock and contact-surface velocities, excess mass contours, and energy budget which were, for the most part, observed by the High Altitude Observatory white-light coronagraph (S-052) on Skylab in the form of a forerunner and coronal transient.
Synthesis and crystal structures of gallium- and germanium-variants of the fibrous zeolites with the NAT, EDI and THO structure types

Abstract Two synthetic gallosilicates and a gallogermanate with the NAT, EDI and THO framework topologies have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction. K-GaSi-NAT, K8Ga8Si12O40·6H2O, is tetragonal, space group I 4 2d, with a=13.639(2), c=6.545(1) A. The framework model shows complete disordering of Ga and Si in tetrahedral sites, which is analogous to tetranatrolite but contrasts with the partial ordering in Na-GaSi-NAT. The T-sites of RbNa-GaSi-EDI, Rb7NaGa8Si12O40·3H2O, exhibit partial disordering of Ga and Si in space group P 4 2 1 c. This leads to a cell doubling along the chain axis (c) with a=9.773(1), c=13.141(3) A, a super cell modification of the Na-exchanged K-F structure. In Rb-GaGe-THO, Rb20Ga20Ge20O80·15H2O, a=14.335(3), b=14.198(3), c=13.421(3) A, complete ordering on both tetrahedral and extra-framework sites lowers the symmetry from Pncn to the acentric space group Pn2n. An inspection of framework TOT bond angles, which are related to rotation and distortion of the chains, explains the differences in unit cells between these gallium- and germanium-variants and aluminosilicate analogs. The elliptical 8-ring windows, generated by four crosslinked chains in RbNa-GaSi-EDI and Rb-GaGe-THO, are the sites for (Rb,Na) and Rb cations, respectively, while the helical 8-ring channels formed in K-GaSi-NAT host only water molecules. The T10O20 windows, built by two neighboring chains, provide sites for K or Rb cations in each model. Mechanisms are proposed for cation–framework interactions, which are in turn responsible for the observed framework models.
RCTC: Rapid concurrent transmission coordination in full DuplexWireless networks

With recent advances in wireless systems, wireless in-band full duplex is proven possible. Prior work primarily allows a full duplex receiver to either send back a packet (bi-directional mode) or to forward another packet to its neighbor (secondary transmission). In our work, we look beyond a node pair and explore how a network can best utilize the full duplex capability. When a full duplex receiver does not have any packets to send back, concurrent transmissions (exposed transmissions) can be initiated. In a distributed channel access protocol, rapid signaling is crucial to identify the best mode for a given pair of transmitter and receiver, and to inform potential exposed terminals of transmission opportunities. In this paper, we present, RCTC, a fast and low overhead signaling mechanism based on Pseudo-random Noise (PN) sequences to enable multi-modal operation of wireless links in a distributed channel access setting to support concurrent transmissions in the neighborhood. Our prototype with USRPs shows up to 78% throughput gain. Extensive simulations over larger networks show a throughput gain of up to 131% for RCTC over the native full duplex scheme and up to 111% over a scheme that enables secondary transmission.
Myasthenia gravis and Schmidt syndrome

A patient with myasthenia gravis developed both Addison disease and primary hypothyroidism, with demonstrable anti-adrenal and antithyroid antibodies in her serum. The association of myasthenia gravis with Schmidt syndrome does not seem to be a chance occurrence, considering the autoimmune pathogenesis of each of these disorders.
High-Speed and Low-Power IP for Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation (EBCOT) Sub-Block in JPEG2000 System Implementation

In this paper we propose novel high-speed and low-power architecture for the context formation sub-block in tier-1 block of JPEG2000 system. The proposed architecture is inspired from the statistical analysis results on 20 test images, each one 512*512 pixels, gray scale with 8 bit pixels. The proposed architecture incorporates a check unit to detect unnecessary operations in both pass1 and pass2 of the EBCOT block. For code block size of 64*64 bits, the timing and power consumption analysis show that the proposed architecture reduces the power consumption about 20.64% and increases the processing speed to about 33.67% with respect to the speedy reference architecture. The proposed architecture has a processing speed close to the parallel mode architectures with almost the same area for serial mode architectures and more power saving. The proposed architecture gathers the basic advantages of the serial and parallel mode implementations in addition to lower power consumption.
Age-related differences in communication and audience design.

This article reports an experiment examining the extent to which younger and older speakers engage in audience design, the process of adapting one’s speech for particular addressees. Through an initial card-matching task, pairs of younger adults and pairs of older adults established common ground for sets of picture cards. Subsequently, the same individuals worked separately on a computer-based picturedescription task that involved a novel partner-cuing paradigm. Younger speakers’ descriptions to the familiar partner were shorter and were initiated more quickly than were descriptions to an unfamiliar partner. In addition, younger speakers’ descriptions to the familiar partner exhibited a higher proportion of lexical overlap with previous descriptions than did descriptions to an unfamiliar partner. Older speakers showed no equivalent evidence for audience design, which may reflect difficulties with retrieving partner-specific information from memory during conversation.
IL-1α, Innate Immunity, and Skin Carcinogenesis: The Effect of Constitutive Expression of IL-1α in Epidermis on Chemical Carcinogenesis

Tumor promoters such as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) are proinflammatory agents, and their mechanism of action in epithelial carcinogenesis has been linked to the release of IL-1 alpha and the induction of chronic inflammation in skin. To test the role of IL-1 alpha and inflammation in models of cutaneous carcinogenesis, we used our previously described FVB/N transgenic mice overexpressing 17-kDa IL-1 alpha in the epidermis under the keratin 14 (K14) promoter. Strikingly, the K14/IL-1 alpha mice were completely resistant to papilloma and carcinoma formation induced by a two-stage DMBA/TPA protocol, while littermate controls developed both tumor types. K14/IL-1 alpha mice crossed with the highly sensitive TG.AC mice, constitutively expressing mutant Ha-Ras, also failed to develop papillomas or carcinomas. When the K14/IL-1 alpha transgene was bred onto a recombinase-activating gene-2-deficient background, the resistance persisted, indicating that innate, but not acquired, mechanisms may be involved in the resistance to the initiation/promotion model. As an alternative approach, a complete carcinogenesis protocol using repetitive application of DMBA alone was applied. Surprisingly, although the IL-1 alpha mice still did not develop papillomas, they did develop carcinomas de novo at an accelerated rate compared with controls. We conclude that constitutive IL-1 alpha expression rendered FVB mice completely resistant to carcinomas that required evolution from prior papillomas, but facilitated carcinomas that did not evolve from papillomas, as in the complete carcinogenesis protocol. Thus, the role of IL-1 alpha and, by extension that of other proinflammatory factors, in epithelial carcinogenesis are more complex than previously appreciated. These mice may provide a mechanism to investigate the validity of these models of human skin tumorigenesis.
The kinetics of progressive reactions in systems containing saponin, digitonin, and sodium taurocholate.

The relations between lysin concentration, percentage hemolysis at the moment at which the lysin concentration is reduced by dilution, and the amount of hemolysis which follows the dilution as a result of the reaction being "progressive" point to there being an "internal" phase at the red cell surfaces, in which the lysin is less affected by the dilution than in the system as a whole. A second possibility, i.e . that the combination of lysin molecules with certain components of the cell surface has an ultimate effect on neighboring components which depend on the former for their stability cannot, however, be ruled out. In systems containing digitonin or sodium taurocholate, this internal phase, once formed, seems to be almost unaffected by the dilution of the system; i.e ., these lysins are very firmly held at the cell surfaces. In systems containing saponin the lysin is less firmly attached, so that dilution of the system affects its concentration appreciably.
Quantified abundance of magnetofossils at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary from synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy

The Paleocene-Eocene boundary (∼55.8 million years ago) is marked by an abrupt negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that coincides with an oxygen isotope decrease interpreted as the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Biogenic magnetite (Fe3O4) in the form of giant (micron-sized) spearhead-like and spindle-like magnetofossils, as well as nano-sized magnetotactic bacteria magnetosome chains, have been reported in clay-rich sediments in the New Jersey Atlantic Coastal Plain and were thought to account for the distinctive single-domain magnetic properties of these sediments. Uncalibrated strong field magnet extraction techniques have been typically used to provide material for scanning and transmission electron microscopic imaging of these magnetic particles, whose concentration in the natural sediment is thus difficult to quantify. In this study, we use a recently developed ultrahigh-resolution, synchrotron-based, full-field transmission X-ray microscope to study the iron-rich minerals within the clay sediment in their bulk state. We are able to estimate the total magnetization concentration of the giant biogenic magnetofossils to be only ∼10% of whole sediment. Along with previous rock magnetic studies on the CIE clay, we suggest that most of the magnetite in the clay occurs as isolated, near-equidimensional nanoparticles, a suggestion that points to a nonbiogenic origin, such as comet impact plume condensates in what may be very rapidly deposited CIE clays.