cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production control and supplier selection under demand disruptions

This paper investigates the effects of demand disruptions on production control and supplier selection in a three-echelon supply chain system. The customer demand is modeled as a jump-diffusion process in a continuous-time setting. A two-number production-inventory policy is implemented in the production control model for the manufacturer. The objective is to minimize the long-term average total cost consisting of backlog cost, holding cost, switching cost, and ordering cost. The simulated annealing method is applied to search the optimal critical switching values. Furthermore, an improved analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to select the best supplier, based on quantitative factors such as the optimal long-term total cost obtained through the simulated annealing method under demand disruptions and qualitative factors such as quality and service. Numerical studies are conducted to demonstrate the effects of demand disruptions in the face of various risk scenarios. Managerial insights from simulation results are provided as well. Our approaches can be implemented as the “stress test” for companies in front of various supply chain disruption scenarios.
An Open Letter to Institutional Review Boards Considering Northfield Laboratories' PolyHeme® Trial

At the time of this writing, a widely publicized, waived-consent trial is underway. Sponsored by Northfield Laboratories, Inc. (Evanston, IL) the trial is intended to evaluate the emergency use of PolyHeme®, an oxygen-carrying resuscitative fluid that might prevent deaths from uncontrolled bleeding. The protocol allows patients in hemorrhagic shock to be randomized between PolyHeme® and saline in the field and, still without consent, randomized between PolyHeme® and blood after arrival at an emergency department. The Federal regulations that govern the waiver of consent restrict its applicability to circumstances where proven, satisfactory treatments are unavailable. Blood-the standard treatment for hemorrhagic shock-is not available in ambulances but is available in hospitals. The authors argue that the in-hospital stage of the study fails to meet ethical and regulatory standards.
Acute cerebellar ataxia, acute cerebellitis, and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

Acute cerebellar ataxia and acute cerebellitis represent a process characterized by parainfectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination cerebellar inflammation. There is considerable overlap between these entities. The mildest cases of acute cerebellar ataxia represent a benign condition that is characterized by acute truncal and gait ataxia, variably with appendicular ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, and hypotonia. It occurs mostly in young children, presents abruptly, and recovers over weeks. Neuroimaging is normal. Severe cases of cerebellitis represent the other end of the spectrum, presenting with acute cerebellar signs often overshadowed by alteration of consciousness, focal neurological deficits, raised intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, and even herniation. Neuroimaging is abnormal and the prognosis is less favorable than in acute cerebellar ataxia. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be confused with acute cerebellitis when the clinical findings are predominantly cerebellar, but lesions on neuroimaging are usually widespread. Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome is often initially misdiagnosed as acute cerebellar ataxia, but has very specific features, course, and etiopathogensis.
Sweet Future Fluctuating Blood Glucose Levels Affect Future Discounting

This study explored metabolic mechanisms of future (delay) discounting, a choice phenomenon where people value present goods over future goods. Using fluctuating blood glucose as an index of body-energy budget, optimal discounting should regulate choice among rewards as a function of temporal caloric requirement. We identified this novel link between blood glucose levels measured in the lab and future-discounting rates of participants, who made choices between a “smaller and sooner” reward and a “larger but later” option, with possible actual monetary rewards. A group of participants who drank a soft drink that contained sugar showed a reduced rate of future discounting afterward, when we controlled for sex, age, body mass index, and the taste of the drink. In contrast, a group of participants who drank a soft drink that contained artificial sweetener showed an increased rate of future discounting. Blood glucose levels not only varied as a result of caloric intake but also regulated the rate of future discounting, according to participants’ dynamic body-energy budget.
“I Don’t Feel Like I’m Up Against a Wall of Men”: Negotiating Difference, Identity and the Glass Ceiling in Sports Information

This research explores how women in college sports public relations cope with their minority status and the related notion of a glass ceiling in the workplace. Drawing from a socialist feminist perspective and Wrigley’s (2002) “negotiated resignation” model, we explore how these women negotiate the tension of working in an industry with a glass ceiling, arguing that many may deny a gender identity altogether, instead blaming discrimination on exterior factors or women themselves.
Comparisons of Surface Meteorology and Turbulent Heat Fluxes over the Atlantic: NWP Model Analyses versus Moored Buoy Observations*

Surface meteorological variables and turbulent heat fluxes in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalyses 1 and 2 (NCEP1 and NCEP2) and the analysis from the operational system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are compared with high-quality moored buoy observations in regions of the Atlantic including the eastern North Atlantic, the coastal regions of the western North Atlantic, and the Tropics. The buoy latent and sensible heat fluxes are determined from buoy measurements using the recently improved Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) flux algorithm. The time mean oceanic heat loss from the model analyses is systematically overestimated in all the regions. The overestimation in latent heat loss ranges from about 14 W m22 (13%) in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic to about 29 W m22 (30%) in the Tropics to about 30 W m22 (49%) in the midlatitude coastal areas, where the overestimation in sensible heat flux reaches about 20 W m 22 (60%). Depending upon the region and the NWP model, these systematic overestimations are either reduced, or change to underestimations, or remain unchanged when the TOGA COARE flux algorithm is used to recalculate the fluxes. The bias in surface meteorological variables, one of the major factors related to the biases in the revised NWP heat fluxes, varies with region and NWP analysis. Generally the temperature and humidity biases in the coastal regions are much larger than other regions. In the extratropical regions, NCEP1 and NCEP2 generally show a wet bias, which is mainly responsible for the underestimation in the revised NWP latent heat loss. In the Tropics a dry bias is found in the NWP analyses, particularly in ECMWF and NCEP2, which contributes to the overestimation in the revised NWP latent heat loss. Compared to NCEP1, NCEP2 shows less cold bias in 2-m air temperature and thus less biased sensible heat flux; NCEP2 also shows less humid bias in 2-m humidity in the extratropical regions but more dry bias in 2-m humidity in the Tropics, either of which leads to a more biased latent heat flux in NCEP2. Despite the significant biases in the NWP surface fields and the poor representation of short-time sea surface temperature variability, the NWP models are able to represent the dominant short-time variability in other basic variables and thus the variability in heat fluxes in the wintertime coastal regions of the western North Atlantic (on timescales of 3‐4 days and 1 week) and the northern and southern subtropical regions (on a timescale of about 2 weeks), but ECMWF and particularly the NCEP analyses do not represent well the 2‐3-week variability in the tropical Atlantic.
Reverberation Modeling with the Two-Way Parabolic Equation

The two-way parabolic equation and separation of variables are applied to develop an efficient method for solving acoustic reverberation problems involving a point source in an ocean that varies with both depth and one of the horizontal Cartesian coordinates. Although this reverberation problem is idealized, it is currently the most complex long-range reverberation problem that can be solved routinely with a full-wave acoustic model.
Overview of ADAMTS Proteinases and ADAMTS 2

Dermatosparaxis and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC (EDS VIIC) are recessive, heritable disorders of domestic animals and humans, respectively. These phenotypes are primarily characterized by extreme fragility of the skin, and are marked by accumulation in skin of processing intermediates in the conversion of procollagen precursors into mature type I collagen monomers. The latter are capable of forming the fibrils that are the major structural components of dermis. This accumulation of precursors is due to a deficiency in skin in levels of a proteolytic activity that normally cleaves NH2-terminal peptide extensions (N-propeptides) from the procollagen precursors of collagen types I and II, the latter being the major collagen type of cartilage. In recent years, this procollagen N-proteinase activity has been demonstrated to be furnished by the metalloproteinase ADAMTS-2. Although the activity responsible for cleaving the type III procollagen N-propeptide has long been thought to be furnished by a different proteinase than that which cleaves the N-propeptides of procollagens I and II, recent evidence has shown ADAMTS-2 to have high levels of all three activities. Thus, a defect in ADAMTS-2 expression results in deficient procollagen III processing, which probably contributes to the Dermatosparaxis/EDS VIIC phenotype. ADAMTS-2 belongs to the recently described family of ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs), members of which are related by a common domain structure and sequence homologies. There are 19 known ADAMTS proteinases in vertebrates, and defects in a number of these are implicated as causal in diseases that include dermatosparaxis/EDS VIIC, osteoarthritis, inflammatory joint disease and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. ADAMTS proteinases are also involved in growth, organogenesis and fertility in a broad spectrum of species that range from humans to worms.
Universal Suffering and the Ultimate Task of Law

Justice requires the force of law (Pascal). Law, in turn, passes itself off as a benign, legitimate, and rational instrument for securing people their rights, including their fundamental human rights. This Panglossian image of law is challenged by Walter Benjamin and Emmanuel Levinas, both of whom rightly point out law's partiality, its malleability, and most of all its violent methods. Taking their thought as its starting point, this essay attempts to go beyond the conception of law as violence. Employing an existentialistic conception of time, it concludes that legal violence is epiphenomenal: universal suffering, not violence, is the root of both law and justice. Although law's ultimate task is to respond to and divide this suffering, the very event of dividing it produces still more suffering. The essay draws out the tragic implications of these conclusions for anyone who yearns for justice and human rights on the basis of law.
Renal Artery Stenosis in Hypertensive Diabetics

AbstractThe incidence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis was compared in consecutive renal angiography of 28 hypertensive diabetics and 104 hypertensive non-diabetics. Mean age and sex distribution were comparable. Angiographic evidence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis was present in 10 diabetics (36 per cent) and 50 non-diabetics (48 per cent). Stenosis was considered hemodynamically significant if the renal vein renin ratio of the involved to uninvolved side was 1.4:1.0 or more. A renal vein renin ratio equal to or more than 1.4 was observed in 4 of 7 diabetics (57 per cent) and 31 of 47 non-diabetics (67 per cent). Fibromuscular hyperplasia was not seen in diabetics but was present in 12 per cent of the non-diabetics. Hypertension was treated surgically and improved in 2 of 3 diabetics (67 per cent) and in 17 of 19 non-diabetics (89 per cent) with angiographic and hemodynamic evidence of renal artery stenosis. In this series the incidence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis of physio...
Case Comment, City of Chicago v. Morales : Street Gangs, Public Spaces, and the Limits of Police Discretion

This Note examines a 1999 opinion by the U.S. Supreme Court about a controversial gang-loitering ordinance passed seven years earlier in Chicago, Illinois. After setting the pre-litigation historical stage, it recounts how scores of Chicagoans successfully challenged the ordinance’s constitutionality in the state courts; scrutinizes the text of the ordinance, paying particular attention to how critical terms are defined; analyzes the U.S. Supreme Court’s six-to-three opinion, addressing some of the views expressed by the dissenters; and evaluates why a revised ordinance is doomed, outlining a viable and legitimate extra-legal alternative for reducing harmful street gang loitering. It ends by cogitating on the ramifications of the Court’s opinion.
The effect of serum on monocyte tissue factor generation

Human monocytes generate the procoagulant tissue factor (MTF) following exposure to a variety of immune stimuli in vitro. The generation of MTF is modified by T cells, lymphokines, and immunoregulatory lipoproteins, and recent studies have shown that MTF can be activated in an immune- specific manner following exposure to antigen. We have examined the role of serum factors in the regulation of MTF generation. Low concentrations (less than 1%) of heat-inactivated normal human serum greatly enhanced MTF generation in cultures of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The stimulatory effect was observed in cultures of both unstimulated cells and cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Stimulation was not observed at high serum concentrations (greater than 10%) and could not be explained by endotoxin contamination or activation of the assay system. Stimulatory activity was present in plasma and BaSO4-adsorbed plasma as well as autologous and allogeneic serum, was not abolished by removal of serum lipoproteins, and did not require the presence of T cells for its expression. Sera from 28 different normal volunteers were screened for stimulatory activity and demonstrated a wide variation in potency. These results suggest that a potent factor is present in sera that enhances the expression of MTF activity in vitro. This factor is distinct from previously described lipoprotein regulators and may play a role in the initiation of coagulation in both normal hemostasis and pathologic states.
Differences in inositol requirements of several strains of HeLa, conjunctival and amnion cells.

SummaryUnder the described experimental conditions, qualitative differences in the inositol requirement of the following human cells have been found: 1) between several wild strains of HeLa cell obtained from several laboratories; 2) between a wild strain of conjunctival cell and a subculture propagating in a low glucose medium, and 3) between a stable laboratory strain and fresh explants of human amnion cells. The significance of these findings was discussed.
Protean clinical presentation of antiphospholipid-protein antibodies (APA)

Antiphospholipid-protein antibodies (APA) are a family of immunoglobulins which have been defined by varying laboratory test systems. Lupus anticoagulants (LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are the two most prominent members of this family of antibodies. LA are detected utilizing various phospholipid (PL) dependent tests of coagulation (e.g., activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], Kaolin Clotting Time [KCT], dilute Russell Viper Venom Time [dRVVT]). Originally, LA were thought to be a laboratory nuisance since the vast majority of individuals with LA did not bleed. Paradoxically, patients with LA were found to have an increased incidence of thromboembolic events and also recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). Thus, the laboratory detection of LA has become part of the work up of patients with thromboembolic disorders and RSA. ACA are detected using solid phase assay systems (radioimmunoassay or ELISA). The presence of ACA has the same clinical implications as that of LA. Although originally it was suggested ACA and LA were the same antibody, it is now well accepted that they, in many instances, are different antibodies. Therefore, it is critical for laboratories to evaluate patient samples for both LA and ACA. In approximately 60% of circumstances, both antibodies will be found. In the remaining cases, there will be discordance between the two test systems. The question of whether APA are causative, coincidental, or a consequence of the clinical complications of RSA and thrombosis remains controversial. Recent evidence based on prospective clinical studies and analysis of markers of in vivo coagulation suggests APA are causative. Studies of pathophysiologic mechanisms have been explored to explain pathogenicity of APA have focused on the platelet/endothelial cell axis and the protein C system. There is evidence of altered eicosanoid homeostasis in patients with APA. In experimental studies some APA interfere with activated protein C activity. In other cases, there are suggestive findings indicating APA may inhibit activation of protein C. Perturbations of the protein C system are the most common cause of hereditary thrombophilia and emerging evidence in studies of APA pathophysiology suggests they may be the most common cause of acquired thrombophilia.
MBSs, ABSs, CMOs, CDOs, Zeros, Swaps, Options, and Credit Default Swaps — The Revolution in Finance

One of the swear words attached to the financial crisis is ‘derivatives’ — a term applied to a wide array of new financial instruments often identified by their acronyms — asset-backed securities (ABSs), mortgage-backed securities (MBSs), collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), private mortgage insurance (PMI), and credit default swaps (CDSs). These instruments are designed by financial engineers, who often have been trained as applied mathematicians; these ‘quants’ develop the features of these instruments and often have been involved in their pricing.
Summing UP: Biological Studies Relating to BNCT

A total of thirty-seven papers were presented relating to preclinical biological studies on BNCT. The broad subject categories included pharmacokinetic and therapy experiments carried out in small animals; pharmacokinetic and treatment planning experiments carried out in large animals; in vitro studies; and finally, a session on the relative biological effectiveness of the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction. Each of these subject areas will be summarized with some selectivity, and the following review is not a comprehensive one. Plenary lectures were presented by J. Coderrel and P. Gavin2 on small and large animal studies relevant to BNCT and since these were in part integrative reviews of work carried out by other investigators, they will not be summarized. A plenary presentation was given by J. Chapman3 on the relevance of research on hypoxic cell sensitizers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to BNCT. Since both PDT and BNCT are binary systems, they share the common requirement of delivery of a sensitizer and radiation to an appropriate target. At this point in time, however, the photosensitizers that have been used for PDT appear to be targeting vascular endothelial cells rather than tumor cells3. Nevertheless, the design of tumor localizing compounds would be important for both PDT and BNCT, and there clearly is a common ground here. On the otherhand, the photodosimetric principles associated with PDT are not relevant to BNCT. One of the major lessons that PDT basic and clinical research provides is that the tumor vascular endothelium may be a potential target for BNCT, and this is an area worthy of future investigation.
Military Histories of Early China: A Review Article

Studies of Chinese military history and thought often quote a maxim found in the Zuo zhuan (Cheng 13) to the effect that "the great affairs of state reside in sacrifice and in war" (guo zhi da ski zai si yu rong^£_j\l$ Most such studies assume that this statement entails a parallel evaluation of "sacrifice" and "war." In fact, however, the statement seems only indirectly to concern "war," the word rong in this context referring instead to the "war sacrifices" held upon the departure of troops going out on campaign. The statement comes in a passage describ ing the preparations for an attack on the state of Qin ^ by an alliance led by Jin ff. One of the allies, Cheng Su Gong J?5c is described as "disrespectful in his receipt of the raw flesh at the earth altar" (shou shen yu she bu jing §11 One of the other allies, Liu Kang Gong M Iff 4a, predicts that because of this Cheng Su Gong will not return from the campaign, explaining his prediction with the following meditation on two contrasting approaches to life:
Deep sedation without intubation during second trimester surgical termination in an inpatient hospital setting.

Abstract Objectives Safety of outpatient dilation and evacuations with intravenous (iv) sedation without intubation has been demonstrated, but there is a paucity of data on deep iv sedation on an inpatient second trimester surgical termination population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate complications of deep sedation with propofol without the use of intubation during second trimester surgical terminations in an inpatient teaching institution. Study design A retrospective chart review of all obstetrical and anesthetic data from inpatient dilation and evacuations between gestational ages 15 0/7 and 24 0/7 during the years 2002 to 2015. We examined 332 patient charts. Primary outcomes included suspected perioperative pulmonary aspiration and conversion to an intubated general anesthesia. Results No perioperative pulmonary aspiration cases were either suspected or confirmed. There were a total of 14 (4.2%) patients that had intubation compared to 313 with natural airway (94.3%) or laryngeal mask (1.5%). Of the 14 intubated, 9 (64%) were started with intubation, and 5 (36%) were converted during the procedure (1.7% of those started with nonintubated anesthesia). Cases requiring intubation were associated with longer procedure times (p = Conclusions Deep sedation without intubation appears safe in a hospital setting with few complications reported. Implications Deep sedation without intubation for operating room dilation and evacuation is a safe option that rarely resulted in conversion to intubation and, in most cases, should be the anesthesia method of choice at initiation in an inpatient setting.
Abstract 67: Level of Participation in Health Screenings as a Predictor of Behavioral Outcomes in Middle School Children: A Report from Project Healthy Schools

Background: Previous research has shown that parents influence their children’s eating behaviors. However, associations between the consent of both parent and child to health screenings and the child’s health behaviors have not yet been determined. This study aims to determine the effect of participation in a health screening and education program on the self-reported behaviors of middle-school students. Methods: Data were collected from 3049 middle-school students enrolled in Project Healthy Schools (PHS). Students were assigned a group based on their level of participation in a health screening. Group 1 (n=608) was defined as students and parents who consented to a finger stick to obtain a lipid profile, blood pressure, resting and recovery heart rate, and a behavioral survey. Group 2 (n=149) was defined as students and parents who agreed to all aspects of the screening except the lipid profile (finger stick). Group 3 (n=2292) was defined as students (+/- parents) who chose not to be screened but did complete the behavioral survey. The primary outcome examined was the change in health habits from baseline to post intervention. Results: At baseline Group 1 reported eating more vegetables (p=.044), drinking less high-sugar, non-soda beverages (p=.012), participating in more school-sponsored sports (p≤.001), and demonstrating less sedentary screen time (p≤.001) than students in Groups 2 and 3. Post PHS wellness intervention, Group 3 reported the largest decrease in soda consumption (p=.010) and sedentary behaviors (TV time (p=.001), video game time (p≤.001), and computer time (p=.003)). Conclusion: Parental consent was shown to be associated with higher levels of healthy behaviors at baseline. However, the group without parental consent demonstrated significant positive changes in health behaviors, suggesting a school-based intervention is particularly important amongst children with potentially less parental involvement. Further research is warranted to determine the extent to which parental participation, attitude and knowledge affects children’s health behaviors. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
A Status Report of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Figure of Merit (EMC FOM) Committee

The IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Professional Group and the Department of Defense Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center (ECAC) have jointly sponsored an ad hoc committee whose task is to devise a practical procedure for developing an EMC Figure of Merit (FOM). This paper is a summary of current committee findings. The procedure will enable quantification of EMC characteristics of transmitting and receiving equipments. This capability would provide system planners as well as design engineers and management with a tool for making objective, consistent decisions. Given the equipment FOM, methods could also be developed to calculate FOM measures for electronic systems using these equipments. Single channel voice communications equipments have been considered. An interim report has been issued. A final report is to be issued in early 1975. The committee would appreciate constructive criticisms in regard to the concept and suggestions as to what action should be taken to secure its adoption.
Episodic Mydriasis as Migraine Equivalent

A 14-year-old girl who presented with yearly attacks of bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia, nausea and headache since the age of 9 is the subject of a case report from the Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Projective Identification: A Resistance in Couples

From an object relational perspective, couples are being viewed more and more as complex systems in which projective identificatory interactions are prevalently observable. The resistive aspect of the collusive arrangements established in couples becomes even more evident as the concept of projective identification is applied to understanding such relationships. By repeatedly confronting and exploring the unconscious role assignments and proxy evocations underlying couple resistances, the partners are encouraged to reclaim dissociated parts of themselves placed into the mate and to maturationally advance from the paranoid to the depressive position.
The Shortest Separating Cycle Problem

Given a set of pairs of points in the plane, the goal of the shortest separating cycle problem is to find a simple tour of minimum length that separates the two points of each pair to different sides. In this article we prove hardness of the problem and provide approximation algorithms under various settings. Assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, the problem cannot be approximated within a factor of 2. We provide a polynomial algorithm when all pairs are unit length apart with horizontal orientation inside a square board of size \(2-\varepsilon \). We provide constant approximation algorithms for unit length horizontal or vertical pairs or constant length pairs on points laying on a grid. For pairs with no restriction we have an \(O(\sqrt{n})\)-approximation algorithm and an \(O(\log n)\)-approximation algorithm for the shortest separating planar graph.
The Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS): Development and Psychometric Properties.

The aim of the current study was to create a new measure of parenting practices, constituted by items from already established measures, to advance the measurement of parenting practices in clinical and research settings. Five stages were utilized to select optimal parenting items, establish a factor structure consisting of positive and negative dimensions of parenting, meaningfully consider child developmental stage, and ensure strong psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the final measure. A total of 1790 parents (44% fathers) were recruited online through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for three cohorts: Stages 1 (N = 611), 2 (N = 615), and 3 (N = 564). Each sample was equally divided by child developmental stage: Young childhood (3 to 7 years old), middle childhood (8 to 12 years old), and adolescence (13 to 17 years old). Through the five-stage empirical approach, the Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS) was developed, successfully achieving all aims. The MAPS factor structure included both positive and negative dimensions of warmth/hostility and behavioral control that were appropriate for parents of children across the developmental span. The MAPS demonstrated strong reliability and longitudinal analyses provided initial support for the validity of MAPS subscales.
Evaluation and Accountability

This article describes evaluation and accountability within the educational context. The authors focus on the common function improving learning, teaching, and educational administration, and they discuss evaluation and accountability more broadly within a framework of validity and utility. Such a framework is necessary because, although not identical in purpose and methods, both evaluation and accountability require judicious design and implementation to ensure appropriate, meaningful, and practicable outcomes that effectively support educational improvement. This article elaborates on the framework and describes implications for educational evaluation and accountability. Additionally, this article describes critical links between evaluation and accountability that strengthen their contributions to educational improvement.
Community Banks and Agricultural Sales in Rural States

The consolidation of the commercial banking sector may influence the viability of farms in accessing credit. I estimate the influence that changes in the level of deposits in community banks had on total agricultural sales and direct-to-consumer agricultural sales of local food between 2002 and 2012 in a five-state region containing North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming, and Montana. I find that changes in community bank deposits had a positive impact on changes in direct-to-consumer agricultural sales of local foods, while total agricultural sales may not be impacted by changes in community bank deposits.
Modes of Engagement

Modes of Engagement, presents memory and heritage projects that use stable elements and material artifacts, such as buildings and urban infrastructure, in a manner that supports dynamic and flexible engagements with the past. I describe here my 2012 exhibition in Nicosia, which included a series of visually layered maps, drawings, and 3D installations designed to illustrate their creation by many individuals remembering the past in different ways. Other examples of projects from Bosnia, Israel/Palestine, South Africa, and North America describe how scholars, designers, heritage practitioners, and community organizers can work with various groups in order to more effectively tell complex stories rather than polarized versions.
Recording from calcium-activated potassium channels.

Abstract The techniques described in this chapter together with many of the techniques described elsewhere in this volume should be useful toward identifying and characterizing Ca 2+ -activated K + channels.
Network Overlap and Content Sharing on Social Media Platforms

AbstractImproving content sharing on social media platforms helps firms enhance the efficacy of their marketing campaigns. The authors study the impact of network overlap—the overlap in network connections between two users—on content sharing in directed social media platforms. The authors propose a hazards model that flexibly captures the impact of three measures of network overlap (i.e., common followees, common followers, and common mutual followers) on content sharing. Using data on content sharing from two directed social media platforms (Twitter and Digg), the authors establish that a receiver is more likely to share content from a sender with whom they share more common followees, common followers, or common mutual followers even after accounting for other measures. In addition, common followers have a higher effect than common mutual followers on the sharing propensity of the receiver. Finally, the effect of common followers and common mutual followers is positive when the content is novel but dec...
A new species of myrmecophilous lady beetle in the genus Diomus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Diomini) from Chiapas, Mexico that feeds on green coffee scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae).

A new species of myrmecophilous lady beetle, Diomus lupusapudoves, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Diomini), is described from a coffee agroecosystem in Chiapas, Mexico. The new species was found preying on the green coffee scale pest, Coccus viridis (Green), tended primarily by Azteca sericeasur Longino and Pheidole synanthropica Longino ants. The larval, pupal, and adult stages of the new species are described and habitus illustrations or photos provided along with anatomical details of the adult male and female genitalia. The species is most similar to Diomus thoracicus Fabricius (=type species of Diomus ), another myrmecophile, which inhabits ant nests and feeds on ant brood. The new species has a peculiar onisciform larva that lacks dorsal setae, features that it shares with D. thoracicus . The new species is only the second species in the genus reported as a myrmecophile, although the life histories of most species have been poorly documented.
SATELLITES AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING | Earth's Radiation Budget

This article discusses the Earth's radiation budget and its role within the climate system. A brief summary of how Earth's radiation budget is determined from satellite observations is provided and the geographical, diurnal, and seasonal variations in its components are shown. The relationship between interannual variations in Earth's radiation budget and their relationship to natural fluctuations in the climate system such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation are explored, as are the regional patterns of change during the past 12 years. This article also discusses the important role of clouds in modulating Earth's radiation budget at the top-of-atmosphere, surface, and within the atmosphere.
Effect of Alloying Elements on Hydrogen Pickup in Zirconium Alloys

Although the optimization of zirconium-based alloys has led to significant improvements in hydrogen pickup and corrosion resistance, the mechanisms by which such alloy improvements occur are still not well understood. In an effort to understand such mechanisms, we conducted a systematic study of the alloy effect on hydrogen pickup, using advanced characterization techniques to rationalize precise measurements of hydrogen pickup. The hydrogen pickup fraction was accurately measured for a specially designed set of commercial and model alloys to investigate the effects of alloying elements, microstructure, and corrosion kinetics on hydrogen uptake. Two different techniques for measuring hydrogen concentrations were used: a destructive technique, vacuum hot extraction, and a non-destructive one, cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis. The results indicate that hydrogen pickup varies not only from alloy to alloy, but also during the corrosion process for a given alloy. These variations result from the process of charge balance during the corrosion reaction, such that the pickup of hydrogen decreases when the rate of electron transport or Manuscript received December 25, 2012; accepted for publication June 26, 2013; published online June 17, 2014. Dept. of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Penn State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, United States of America (Corresponding author), e-mail: adrien.couet@gmail.com Dept. of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Penn State Univ., University Park, PA 16802, United States of America. Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, United States of America. ASTM 17th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry on February 3–7, 2013 in
Energy-agile design for parallel HPC applications

Abstract While there has been significant prior research on improving the energy-efficiency of parallel applications, there has been much less on optimizing them for green energy sources, which expose rapid changes in power's availability (or cost) due to the use of local renewable energy (or utility demand response programs). In this article, we present energy management policies that utilize active and inactive power capping to improve the performance of rigid and elastic parallel tasks when subject to variable power constraints from green energy sources. We deploy our policies on a real cloud testbed, and evaluate the performance with three different parallel applications. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of green energy management policies with variable power. For example, we show that a reference supercomputer benchmark application requires 17% more time and 9% more energy to complete when power varies based on real-time electricity prices versus when power is unlimited at a fixed price; however, since the real-time spot market prices are lower than fixed prices, the total electricity cost of our best energy management policy when using real-time prices is 67% less than when using fixed prices.
A new recombineering system for precise genome-editing in Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 using single-stranded oligonucleotides

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is an invaluable host for the discovery and engineering of pathways important for bioremediation of toxic and radioactive metals and understanding extracellular electron transfer. However, genetic manipulation is challenging due to the lack of genetic tools. Previously, the only reliable method used for introducing DNA into Shewanella spp. at high efficiency was bacterial conjugation, enabling transposon mutagenesis and targeted knockouts using suicide vectors for gene disruptions. Here, we describe development of a robust and simple electroporation method in S. oneidensis that allows an efficiency of ~4.0 x 106 transformants/µg DNA. High transformation efficiency is maintained when cells are frozen for long term storage. In addition, we report a new prophage-mediated genome engineering (recombineering) system using a λ Red Beta homolog from Shewanella sp. W3-18-1. By targeting two different chromosomal alleles, we demonstrate its application for precise genome editing using single strand DNA oligonucleotides and show that an efficiency of ~5% recombinants among total cells can be obtained. This is the first effective and simple strategy for recombination with markerless mutations in S. oneidensis. Continued development of this recombinant technology will advance high-throughput and genome modification efforts to engineer and investigate S. oneidensis and other environmental bacteria.
Obesity in the Elderly

As the proportion of population above age 65 grows, so too increases the prevalence of those individuals who are obese. This phenomenon of an elderly population with obesity is the source of much research and debate with regards to treatment recommendations. It appears that older individuals on the extreme ends of the BMI spectrum, those who are underweight and those who are morbidly obese, have an increased risk of mortality. One major concern in the treatment of obese, elderly individuals is that many may have sarcopenic obesity which can be worsened with weight loss where some degree of lean body mass loss is inevitable. While various methods of weight loss may be recommended in some elderly who are obese, it is clear that any chosen method should be accompanied by a resistance training program in order to preserve muscle mass. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG .
The Biopolitics of Migration: Ecuadorian Foreign Policy and Venezuelan Migratory Crisis

Michel Foucault’s concept of biopolitics serves to analyze Ecuador's foreign policy towards the Venezuelan migration crisis. First, I discuss the interrelations between the ﬁelds of border and mobi...
Timeline for maximal subjective outcome improvement following total ankle arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Maximal medical improvement (MMI) establishes the timepoint when patients no longer experience clinically significant improvements following surgery. The purpose of this investigation is to establish when patients achieve MMI following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) through the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods A systematic review to identify studies on TAA which reported consecutive PROMs for two years postoperatively was performed. Pooled analysis was done at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. Clinically significant improvement was defined as improvement between time intervals exceeding the minimal clinically important difference. Results Twelve studies and 1514 patients met inclusion criteria. Clinically significant improvement was seen up to 6 months postoperatively in both the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hindfoot Score and Visual Analog Scale scoring systems. The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Dysfunction and Bother subsections showed maximal clinically significant improvement by 1 year postoperatively. Conclusion Following TAA, MMI is seen by one year postoperatively. Physicians may allocate the majority of resources within the first year when most of the improvement is perceived. This data may help inform preoperative counseling as it establishes a timeline for MMI. Level of evidence IV.
Hoebel's crucible

The study of subgroup law through recorded and reconstructed cases presents several analytic problems for the relationship between case content and subgroup practices. The greater the relative structural strength of a social system the greater the mythical content of its communications related to “outside” worlds. Constructing structural models of legal systems in contact, and typifying the information content of cases in structural situations, can inform analysis of case content as mythical, politically normative, or representative of subgroup behavior outside of legal forums. Anthropologists and French structural historians can work together to examine structural indicators which signify analytic boundaries for case analysis.
School Risk and Protective Factors of Suicide: A Cultural Model of Suicide Risk and Protective Factors in Schools

There are known cultural variations in correlates of and symptoms related to suicide-related thoughts and behaviors; however, the majority of research that informs suicide prevention in school syst...
Prevalence of Evidence-Based School Meal Practices and Associations with Reported Food Waste across a National Sample of U.S. Elementary Schools.

Providing meals at school is an important part of the hunger safety net for children in the United States and worldwide; however, many children do not receive school meals even when they qualify for federally-subsidized free or reduced-priced meals. This study investigates the prevalence of several evidence-based practices that have previously been shown to increase the reach and impact of school meals. A survey was sent to a national sample of US elementary schools, with items examining practices regarding school breakfast, school lunch, recess, the promotion of meals, nutrition standards, and food waste, during the 2019–20 school year. Almost all schools that offered lunch also offered breakfast. More than 50% used a breakfast service strategy other than cafeteria service, such as grab-and-go breakfast meals. Providing at least 30 min for lunch periods and providing recess before lunch were reported by less than half of schools. About 50% of schools reported using only one or fewer meal promotional strategies (such as taste tests) throughout the school year. Use of more promotional strategies was associated with less reported food waste in a multivariable regression model accounting for school demographic characteristics. Findings show that some evidence-based practices for school meals are being implemented, but many recommendations are not being widely adopted.
Quality of Work Projects in the 1980's.

Abstract : Since the early 1970's there has been a proliferation of quality of working life (QWL) projects. These projects attempt to bring about fundamental changes in organizational and labor-management relationships. Basically, they illustrate the new ways to restructure work in order to improve the organizational effectiveness. This paper reviews QWL efforts in the 1970's and suggests possible characteristics of QWL projects in the 1980's. (Author)
Binding of two Sr2+ ions changes the chemical specificities for phosphorylation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase through a stepwise mechanism.

The sequential binding of Sr2+ and Ca2+ to the cytoplasmic transport sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase allows the formation of two different mixed complexes: cE.Sr.Ca, with Sr2+ bound to the "inner" site and Ca2+ bound to the "outer" site, and cE. Ca.Sr, with Ca2+ bound to the inner site and Sr2+ bound to the outer site (pH 7.0, 25 degrees C, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 mM KCl). Both cE.Sr.45Ca and cE.45Ca.Sr react with ATP to internalize one 45Ca/phosphoenzyme. The value of K0.5 = 83 microM Sr2+ for activation of the enzyme for phosphorylation by ATP is much larger than K0.5 = 28 microM Sr2+ for inhibition of phosphoenzyme formation from inorganic phosphate (eta H = 1.0-1.3). These results are consistent with the sequential binding of two strontium ions with negative cooperativity and dissociation constants of KSr1 = 35 microM and KSr2 = 55 microM. The species cE.Sr2 and cE.Ca2 react rapidly with ATP but not inorganic phosphate. However, enzyme with one strontium bound, cE.Sr, does not react with either inorganic phosphate or ATP. Therefore, the conformational changes in the enzyme that alter the chemical specificity for phosphorylation by ATP and by inorganic phosphate are different. This requires the existence of at least three forms of the unphosphorylated enzyme with three different chemical specificities for catalysis.
Carolyn Abbate and Roger Parker, A History of Opera

While colored by strong biases, particularly regarding the present state of opera, A History of Opera by Carolyn Abbate and Roger Parker provides a thorough accounting of opera’s historical development as well as rich and penetrating insights into many of its greatest monuments. Abbate and Parker’s book will best be absorbed by graduate readers already conversant with the basics of opera history. But opera lovers of all backgrounds will find much to ponder in this book as they discover many new and stimulating insights about the power this art form experts.