cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuum and variation in Creoles: Out of many voices, one language

This paper focuses on the two most distinct varieties of Cape Verdean Creole spoken on the islands of Santiago and Sao Vicente. These two varieties are consistently viewed as being in opposition to each other on historical, linguistic, political and cultural grounds. This paper examines the historical and linguistic aspects of this particular case. Historically, the island of Santiago was settled in 1461 and the island of Sao Vicente most likely around 1894 (Andrade, 1996), more than 400 years later. Linguistically, for the past 120 years (Brito, 1888), these two varieties have been traditionally described as being at opposite sides of the creole continuum, the Santiago variety, the oldest of the two, being portrayed as basilectal and the Sao Vicente variety, of more recent origins, as acrolectal. Focusing on the Tense Mood Aspect markers of these two varieties, the synchronic examination highlights their similarities and differences. The diachronic analysis explores the etymological origins of these forms and the developmental process that they have undergone and reveals that the traces of the founding languages may still be readily detectable in the Santiago variety. Finally, our findings invite us to revisit how these two varieties have been characterized for the past 120 years as being representative of a basilect (Santiago) and an acrolect (Sao Vicente) on the creole continuum. We show that such a characterization should be much more nuanced.
Pneumococcal 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine (Prevnar 13)-Associated Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

Abstract Background Pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is used for immunization to prevent invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Rare cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) after vaccination with PCV13 have been reported. Methods A case of ITP associated with PCV13 administration in a renal allograft recipient is described. A 77-year-old man presented with bruising at insulin injection sites for 1 week. He had end-stage renal disease and received a kidney transplant 22 months previously. Maintenance immunosuppression included tacrolimus and prednisone. Results Physical examination showed normal vital signs and petechial rash in the areas of insulin injections. Laboratory testing resulted in hemoglobin, 11.7 g/dL; white blood cell count, 7700/mm 3 ; and platelet count, 3000/mm 3 (baseline, 140,000). Workup for infection, hemolysis, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was negative. Isolated thrombocytopenia was diagnosed as ITP and was attributed to PCV13 vaccination that he had received 1 month ago. He was treated with methylprednisolone, pooled immunoglobulins, and platelet transfusions. Subsequent platelet counts improved to his baseline of 140,000 over a period of 3 weeks. The PCV13 works by generating a T-helper–cell response. Conclusions ITP may involve antibody production driven by T-helper cells reacting to platelet surface glycoproteins. This case is unique in that it occurred in a patient who was on immunosuppression with a calcineurin inhibitor and corticosteroids.
Modification of Kluver-Barrera Method for Staining Myelin and Nerve Cells by Rapid Microwaving

The conventional Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining method of Kluver-Barrera for myelin and nerve cells was modified using a microwave oven as a heating source to stain tissue sections rapidly. A premicrowave method was also performed and compared with the conventional method. The resulting staining was indistinguishable from that obtained with the conventional method. The microwave methods give consistent results and save a considerable amount of valuable technologist time.
In situ Pyrometric Interferometry For Molecular Beam Epitaxy of AlxGa1−xN on Si (111)

We apply pyrometric interferometery to control the growth of GaN, AlN, and AlxGa1−xN on Si (111) by molecular beam epitaxy. We show that the period of intensity oscillations in the temperature measured by the pyrometer is caused by optical interference in the growing nitride layer. The period of oscillations is inversely proportional to the growth rate. This effect is used for in-situ measurement of the growth rate of GaN, AlN, and AlxGa1−xN (for 0<×<1). We also show that pyrometric interferometery can be used for in-situ determination of the composition of the growing layer.
Technological Advances in Heart and Lung Transplantation: Concomitant Cardiac Valve Surgery

This chapter covers unique features of cardiac valve surgery related to heart and lung transplantation, including pathophysiology and significance of valve disease in heart and lung transplantation, and presents a practical surgical strategy for each unique problem. We have developed a novel, simple surgical technique to prevent right ventricular failure after heart transplantation. This “commissuro-annuloplasty” procedure effectively reduces the tricuspid annular size by 2–4 cm, preventing annular dilatation and improving coaptation of the leaflets, which prevent significant tricuspid regurgitation.
Obesity: analysis of attitudes and knowledge of weight control in girls.

Abstract A questionnaire involving attitudes toward obesity, food, and physical exercise, and knowledge about weight control, was administered to 225 obese female adolescents and 213 controls. Results indicated an obsession on the part of the obese with their weight, to such an extent that nonrelated areas became involved in the issue. Despite the greater knowledge of the obese concerning weight control, and their more positive attitudes toward exercise, these factors seemed to have little effect in helping them deal with their obesity.
Measurement of Chiral Recognition in Cyclodextrins by Fluorescence Anisotropy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chiral recognition in CD, which can be described as the discrimination between the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule. Despite the subtle differences between enantiomers, the biological effects of chiral drugs can be radically distinct for each enantiomer. The section on measurement of chiral recognition discusses various processes in meaning accurately the phenomenon of chiral recognition. The polarization based spectroscopic technique that has been widely used to study molecular interactions, is discussed with mathematical methods and fluorescence anisotropy. The determination of thermodynamic binding parameters in CD is explained with examples and schematic illustrations. The results from experiments are provided with illustration for CD types and the determination of binaphthyl phosphate (BNP) are given in form of a table. The studies presented in this chapter clearly demonstrate the potential that exists for using fluorescent anisotropy to study chiral recognition in CD-based systems, which has ramifications for both fundamental and applied perspectives.
Paris and the Aftermath

Paris-bound members of ‘The Inquiry’ received only a single instruction. They must be on board the former North German Lloyd liner, the George Washington, docked at Hoboken’s pier 2, by 10.15 p.m. on the evening of 3 December 1918. The President would embark the following morning at nine o’clock and the ship would sail immediately. As Young and other members of the group arrived they were met by an army officer who examined their identity cards and issued them passports. They trudged the length of the pier carrying their luggage, and at the gangplank their passports were examined and names verified. Once on board they were escorted to their assigned staterooms. The ship, since being seized by US authorities while in port, had been used as a troop transport, and few changes had been made for this voyage except in the President’s quarters. The single cabins had been converted into rooms with four or five berths. It was necessary for members of ‘The Inquiry’ to share their cabins in groups of two and three.1
The Satake sextic in F-theory

Abstract We describe explicit formulas relevant to the F-theory/heterotic string duality that reconstruct from a specific Jacobian elliptic fibration on the Shioda–Inose surface covering a generic Kummer surface the corresponding genus-two curve using the level-two Satake coordinate functions. We derive the rational map on the moduli space of genus-two curves realizing the algebraic correspondence between a sextic curve and its Satake sextic. We will prove that it is not the original sextic defining the genus-two curve, but its corresponding Satake sextic which is manifested in the F-theory model, dual to the s o ( 32 ) heterotic string with an unbroken s o ( 28 ) ⊕ s u ( 2 ) gauge algebra.
Factors influencing management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: an analysis of 424 consecutive patients

OBJECTIVE The choice between treating and observing unruptured intracranial aneurysms is often difficult, with little guidance on which variables should influence decision making on a patient-by-patient basis. Here, the authors compared demographic variables, aneurysm-related variables, and comorbidities in patients who received microsurgical or endovascular treatment and those who were conservatively managed to determine which factors push the surgeon toward recommending treatment. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients diagnosed with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm at their institution between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2016. These patients were dichotomized based on whether their aneurysm was treated. Demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, comorbidity, and aneurysm-related information was analyzed to assess which factors were associated with the decision to treat. RESULTS A total of 424 patients were identified, 163 who were treated surgically or endovascularly and 261 who were managed conservatively. In a multivariable model, an age < 65 years (OR 2.913, 95% CI 1.298-6.541, p = 0.010), a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.536, 95% CI 1.274-1.855, p < 0.001), a larger aneurysm size (OR 1.176, 95% CI 1.100-1.257, p < 0.001), multiple aneurysms (OR 2.093, 95% CI 1.121-3.907, p = 0.020), a white race (OR 2.288, 95% CI 1.245-4.204, p = 0.008), and living further from the medical center (OR 2.125, 95% CI 1.281-3.522, p = 0.003) were all associated with the decision to treat rather than observe. CONCLUSIONS Whereas several factors were expected to be considered in the decision to treat unruptured intracranial aneurysms, including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, aneurysm size, and multiple aneurysms, other factors such as race and proximity to the medical center were unanticipated. Further studies are needed to identify such biases in patient treatment and improve treatment delineation based on patient-specific aneurysm rupture risk.
Effects of zonal flows on correlation between energy balance and energy conservation associated with nonlinear nonviscous atmospheric dynamics in a thin rotating spherical shell

The nonlinear Euler equations are used to model two-dimensional atmosphere dynamics in a thin rotating spherical shell. The energy balance is deduced on the basis of two classes of functorially independent invariant solutions associated with the model. It it shown that the energy balance is exactly the conservation law for one class of the solutions whereas the second class of invariant solutions provides and asymptotic convergence of the energy balance to the conservation law.
Parallelizing x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy software tools using python multiprocessing

The third generation synchrotron facilities that are designed to deliver highly intense and bright X-ray beams along with the new area detectors capable of achieving high dynamic ratios and fast frame rates have enabled novel Coherent X-ray scattering experiments. X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy is such a technique that measures nano- and mesoscale dynamics in materials. The scikit-beam Python analysis library developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II at Brookhaven National Laboratory contains a serial version of Xray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy software tools to perform streaming analysis of structural dynamics of materials, which can be time consuming given the anticipated fast data rates and high image resolutions at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II. Therefore, it is essential to parallelize these data analysis tools to achieve the best performance on the available workstations that contain multi-core processors. In this paper, we report the progress that we have made in using the Python multiprocessing module to parallelize the time-correlation functions in scikit-beam. We will compare the results from different multiprocessing approaches, and discuss pros and cons associated with each method.
Provoking Professional Identity Development: The Legacy of Benjamin Drake Wright

Ben Wright’s background in physics and Freudian psychoanalysis, working alongside wide-ranging, deep thinkers attuned to cross-disciplinary matters, like Charles Townes , Bruno Bettelheim , and Ben Bloom , set the stage for creative engagements with educational problems that still resonate with researchers and practitioners, globally. In Rasch’s models for measurement, Wright found a means not only for developing his own professional identity and writing his own life story but for also providing others with the means and media for their own imaginative variations on an invariant .
Emergence of depressive symptoms from kindergarten to sixth grade

This study documents the emergence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in a community sample of school-age children and describes the temporal progression of symptoms leading to depressive episod...
From Portuguese to Virtual Globalization: 500 Years of ICT-Driven Civilizational Development and a Triumph of Humanity? The Comparative and Modeling Approach

This study defines the nature, scope, pace, and consequences of the development of globalization waves over the last 500 years. Such waves as led by Pax Portugannica, Pax Britannica, Pax Americana and Pax Sovietica, Pax Consortia, and Pax Virtualiziana are defined. They are graphically modeled and compared within four dimensions: guiding, executable, technological, and societal In conclusion, Portuguese and British Globalizations expanded the world physically and mentally as the Triumph of Humanity, the subsequent globalizations have been testing humanity over the last 100 years and continue to test it, since despite strong technological and economic development, the morality and ethics of humans are in question today. However, there is some hope that revitalized dialectics between Pax Consortia and Pax Virtualiziana may lead us to the Triumph of Humanity again.
Electrochemically self-assembled ordered nanostructure arrays: Quantum dots, dashes, and wires

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the three generic types of nanostructures: quantum dots, quantum dashes, and quantum wires. Dots are more or less symmetric structures, all three dimensions of which are comparable in size and are on the order of the De-Broglie wavelength of charge carriers at the Fermi level. Quantum dashes are entities that are somewhat anisotropic in shape. They have superior magnetic properties because of their shape anisotropy. Quantum wires, on the other hand, are even more anisotropic in the sense that one of their three dimensions is much larger than the other two. Quantum dots of chemical catalysts are superior to their bulk counterparts because the surface-to-volume ratio increases dramatically. Self-assembled metallic dots can be utilized to fashion extremely powerful computing architectures and may have possible applications in new and emerging areas such as quantum computing. The scope of using quantum dots in scientific and industrial applications is virtually limitless. The two wet-electrochemical techniques that result in highly ordered arrays of quantum dots and wires are also discussed in the chapter. An important process for the creation of quasi-periodic arrays of quantum dots includes a technique that produces quantum dot arrays with as good periodicity as electropolishing, but the individual dot diameter can be made at least five times smaller.
Absence of a Postantibiotic Effect in Experimental Left-Sided Streptococcus faecalis Endocarditis Treated with Penicillin Plus Gentamicin

In ongoing experiments, the pharmacodynamic effects of antibiotics have been evaluated in the rat model of aortic valve Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis.
Remote sensing volatile elements for new signatures from underground nuclear explosions

The detection of radioactive noble gas isotopes is one of the key tools in detecting underground nuclear explosions, but other volatile elemental species, that have historically been overlooked, may also migrate to the surface. To investigate this possibility we have been studying which elements are most readily volatilized into air from solid materials (rocks, concrete, glass, etc.) following short duration (60–120 s) spot heating spanning a wide temperature range (100–2000 °C). The widest possible range of elements (Li–U) was monitored during the experiments that produced some unexpected results with regards to the apparent atmospheric persistence of some volatile signatures long after heating had ceased and the sample had returned to room temperature. Results highlighting elemental volatility as a function of temperature from different materials will be presented along with examples illustrating the extended periods over which some elements remain detectable by real time atmospheric sampling.
Differences and Similarities in how Psychopathic Traits Predict Attachment Insecurity in Females and Males

We examined whether there are differential associations between latent psychopathy (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, Antisocial) and adult attachment anxiety and avoidance factors, and if sex moderated the associations in a large sample of young adults (n = 590). Participants completed the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) and the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) attachment scale. Based on norms from the SRP Manual (Paulhus et al. 2017), 19.1% reported an elevated SRP total score (T-score = 60). Multiple group structural equation modeling (MGSEM) was conducted with item factor loadings and thresholds constrained to be equal across male and female subsamples. The MGSEM results indicated excellent model fit (CFI = .95; RMSEA = .04), thus providing evidence of strong invariance and assurance of equvalence of measurement across sex. The pattern of SEM results across males and females revealed both similar and differential relations between specific psychopathy and attachment factors. For both sexes, the Affective psychopathy factor had a significant effect on Avoidant attachment (Males, β = .48; Females, β = .48). In contrast, for males, the Avoidant attachment factor was linked with the Lifestyle factor (β = .47), while for females, the Antisocial factor had a negative effect on Avoidant attachment (β = −.23). The findings highlight both similarities and differences across sex regarding the associations between psychopathic trait domains and disturbances in adult attachment consistent with previous studies. Discussion of this pattern of results and their implications for further understanding of psychopathic traits in males versus females are provided.
Anopticism: Invisible Populations and the Power of Not Seeing

Utilizing Foucault’s theory of panopticism, social scientists have consistently studied the ways past populations were made visible and how this served as a form of power. Understudied, however, are the ways invisibility can be imposed or adopted. This paper models new discussions of power relationships I have named anopticism. Anopticism is concerned with the power exercised in making populations invisible, both as a form of domination and as form of resistance. By examining two Chinese communities in Nevada and California, I explore the ways strategies and tactics, discipline and agency, and power over and power to intertwine to effectively and purposefully hide individuals, groups, and their behaviors.
Improved automated classification of basketball crowd noise

This paper describes using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods to improve automatic classification of crowd responses to events at collegiate basketball games. This work builds on recent investigations by the research team where the two ML approaches were treated separately. In one case, crowd response events (cheers, applause, etc.) were manually labeled, and then, a subset of the labeled events were used as a training set for supervised-ML event classification. In the other, (unsupervised) k-means clustering was used to divide a game’s one-twelfth octave spectrogram into six distinct clusters. A comparison of the two approaches shows that the manually labeled crowd responses are grouped into only one or two of the six unsupervised clusters. This paper describes how the supervised ML labels guide improvements to the k-means clustering analysis, such as determining which additional audio features are required as inputs and how both approaches can be used in tandem to improve automated classification of crowd noise at basketball games. This paper describes using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods to improve automatic classification of crowd responses to events at collegiate basketball games. This work builds on recent investigations by the research team where the two ML approaches were treated separately. In one case, crowd response events (cheers, applause, etc.) were manually labeled, and then, a subset of the labeled events were used as a training set for supervised-ML event classification. In the other, (unsupervised) k-means clustering was used to divide a game’s one-twelfth octave spectrogram into six distinct clusters. A comparison of the two approaches shows that the manually labeled crowd responses are grouped into only one or two of the six unsupervised clusters. This paper describes how the supervised ML labels guide improvements to the k-means clustering analysis, such as determining which additional audio features are required as inputs and how both approaches can be used in tandem to improve au...
Sustainability of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Infrastructure

Concrete, representing about 80% of all engineering materials used, plays an important role in the construction of human habitat. The large material flow of concrete coupled with high energy and carbon intensity of cement, however, has drawn increasing scrutiny due to the threat of climate change on urban communities. As a new construction material, ECC must be developed taking into account environmental sustainability. This means that the embodied energy and carbon in ECC must be minimized with judicious choice of material ingredients, preferably incorporating as much materials from industrial waste streams as possible, but without compromising its performance. A particularly important performance is structural durability as this directly impacts on the resource use and emissions during the use phase of ECC structures.
Computational Framework to Support Government Policy-Making for Hurricane Risk Management

AbstractThis paper introduces a computational framework that can be used to identify hurricane risk management solutions based on the operation of the system as a whole. The framework represents in...
How to Prepare and Strategize for Academic Promotion

Academic promotion indicates respect and regard among colleagues and is meant to honor the work of faculty. An academic career path has two phases; the early phase involves building a professional identity and local reputation, while the later phase involves building a regional and national reputation and impact. Guidelines for academic promotion vary by line and by institution. It is vital to accurately evaluate one’s strengths, accomplishments, opportunities for growth and development, and contributions and to compare these dimensions of performance with the written and implicit guidelines at an institution. Speaking with a mentor or supervisor can help focus one’s efforts. Being a good role model in advocating for academic promotion can open the door for future students.
Regulatory recordkeeping, worker safety, and United States extractive industries

Abstract Recordkeeping is critical to the labor and environmental regulation of extractive industries in the United States. Two disasters that occurred weeks apart in April 2010 – the Upper Big Branch mine explosion in West Virginia and the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in offshore Louisiana – demonstrate how faulty recordkeeping impacted regulatory failures. Many of these recordkeeping issues were not apparent until after the investigations took place, and influenced the prosecutions after the disasters. An extensive document review of the pre-disaster inspections and post-disaster investigative reports demonstrates that recordkeeping is consistently marginalized as a major force in effective regulation. Mandated recordkeeping is often derided as bureaucratic paperwork, but it is an essential part of a robust regulatory environment by providing evidence that regulations are being followed when inspectors are not onsite. This review concludes with several recommendations to strengthen the role of recordkeeping in effective labor and environmental regulation.
Tip vortices formation and evolution of rotating wings at low Reynolds numbers

The wake structures generated by rotating wings are studied numerically to investigate the complex vortex formation and evolution in both near-wake and far-wake regions. Flat rectangular wings with finite aspect ratios (AR = 1–8) that rotate from rest at an angle of attack ranging from 15° to 90° in a low Reynolds number regime (200–1600) are considered. Simulations were carried out using an in-house immersed-boundary-method-based incompressible flow solver. A detailed analysis of the vortex formation showed that the general wake pattern near the wingtip shifted from a single vortex loop to a pair of counter-rotating vortex loops with the enhancement of the leading-edge vortex (LEV) strength. Specifically, a stronger LEV due to the high angles of attack or high aspect ratios can induce an enhanced counter-pair trailing-edge vortex (TEV). As the TEV intensifies, a secondary tip vortex will be generated at the bottom corner of the wingtip, regardless of the wing geometry. This forms a pair of counter-rotating vortex loops around the wingtip. This type of wingtip vortex formation and evolution are found to be universal for the range of angle of attack and aspect ratio investigated. In addition to the vortex formation, surface pressure distribution and aerodynamic performance are also discussed. The findings from this work could help advance the fundamental understanding in the vortex dynamics of finite-aspect ratio rotating wings at a high angle of attack (>15°).
Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Acute Otitis Media for Children 2 Years and Older.

Objective To determine the frequency that non-first-line antibiotics, safety-net antibiotic prescriptions (SNAPS), and longer than recommended durations of antibiotics were prescribed for children ≥2 years of age with acute otitis media and examine patient and system level factors that contributed to these outcomes. Study design Children age ≥2 years with acute otitis media seen at Denver Health Medical Center outpatient locations from January to December 2018 were included. The percentages of patients who received first-line antibiotics, SNAPs, and recommended durations of antibiotics were determined. Factors associated with non-first-line and longer than recommended antibiotic durations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression modeling. Results Of the 1025 visits evaluated, 98.0% were prescribed an antibiotic; only 4.5% of antibiotics were SNAPs. Non-first-line antibiotics were prescribed to 18.8% of patients. Most antibiotic durations (94.1%) were longer than the institution recommended 5 days and 54.3% were ≥10 days. Private insurance was associated with non-first-line antibiotics (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1; 14-3.14, P = .01). Patients who were younger (2-5 years; aOR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.32-3.05; P Conclusions Antibiotic stewardship interventions that emphasize the duration of antibiotic therapy as well as the use of SNAPs or observation may be higher yield than those focusing on first-line therapy alone. Numerous system and patient level factors are associated with off-guideline prescribing.
Investigating the Interplay Between Race, Work Ethic Stereotypes, and Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients and Policies:

The current research investigates the role of racialized work ethic stereotypes on attitudes toward welfare. We hypothesized that work ethic stereotypes shape both people’s attitudes toward welfare...
Socioeconomic context and welfare nationalism in the Euro area following the Great Recession

This study examined the association between the socioeconomic context of the Eurozone countries in the post-Great Recession era and attitudes of solidarity towards immigrants among the general population. A multilevel analysis was conducted using data from Round 8 (2016) of the European Social Survey as well as Eurostat and OECD statistics. Specifically, we assessed the link between the share of people at risk of poverty/social exclusion in 2016 and citizens´ support for excluding immigrants from the rights to social services. Our results, in agreement with theories explaining that anxiety over-scarcity compromises out-group solidarity, confirmed the existence of such a relationship. Additional findings, however, suggested that some factors, such as holding individual-level universalism values, or the persistence of hardship during the recession recovery period (2011-2016) at country-level, may have had a protective role against chauvinistic attitudes. Recommendations for practice and research are discussed.
The neural mechanisms of active removal from working memory

Abstract The ability to frequently update the contents working memory (WM) is vital for the flexible control of behavior. Whether there even exists a mechanism for the active removal of information from working memory, however, remains poorly understood. In this Registered Report we will test the predictions of models for two different (and not mutually exclusive) mechanisms of active removal: adaptation-hijacking and mental-context shifting. We will collect functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while subjects perform a novel “ABC-retrocuing” task designed to elicit two modes of removal, active or passive (Shan & Postle, Registered Report). The adaptation-hijacking model posits an adaptation-like modification of perceptual circuits combined with a weak activation of the to-be-removed item. Its predictions will be assessed by using multivariate inverted encoding modeling (IEM) and photic “pings” to assay the state of feature-selective encoding channels and of activity-silent representations under active-removal versus passive-removal conditions. A second model – “working memory episodic memory” (WMEM) – posits that interference from no-longer-relevant information is minimized by making the mental context associated with new information dissimilar from that associated with the to-be-“removed” information. This will be tested by using representational similarity analysis (RSA) to compare the rate of contextual drift under active-removal versus passive-removal conditions.
Relational Boosted Regression Trees.

Many tasks use data housed in relational databases to train boosted regression tree models. In this paper, we give a relational adaptation of the greedy algorithm for training boosted regression trees. For the subproblem of calculating the sum of squared residuals of the dataset, which dominates the runtime of the boosting algorithm, we provide a $(1 + \epsilon)$-approximation using the tensor sketch technique. Employing this approximation within the relational boosted regression trees algorithm leads to learning similar model parameters, but with asymptotically better runtime.
Data-driven Testing Program Improves Detection of COVID-19 Cases and Reduces Community Transmission

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWCOVID-19 remains a global threat in the face of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and gaps in vaccine administration and availability, and organizations must be prepared to detect and mitigate its risk to their people and activities. In this report we share key lessons learned from an adaptive COVID-19 testing program implemented at a mid-sized university in the Midwest. The program utilized two simple, diverse, and easily interpretable machine learning models to quickly and accurately predict which students were at elevated risk for contracting COVID-19 and should be called proactively for testing. Our adaptive testing cohorts produced positivity rates that were 26% higher than the random cohort: 0.58% positivity (95% CI 0.47% to 0.68%) from 19,171 tests, and 0.46% positivity (95% CI 0.41% to 0.51%) from 64,003 tests, respectively. Within 14 days of their selection, 2.94% of the adaptive cohort tested positive, compared to 1.27% of the random cohort. Close contacts who were predicted by the adaptive testing models received a COVID-19 test within an average of 0.94 days (95% CI 0.78 to 1.11) of the source testing positive, while those who were manually contact traced were tested in an average of 1.92 days (95% CI 1.81 to 2.02). These results suggest that machine learning strategies can improve surveillance testing effectiveness, especially in a university setting, by effectively distributing testing resources and potentially reducing community transmission.
Hydrothermal corrosion of SiC in LWR coolant environments in the absence of irradiation

Abstract Assessment of the thermodynamics of SiC corrosion under light water reactor coolant environments suggests that silica formation is always expected in the range of applicable pH and potential. Autoclave testing of SiC-based materials in the absence of ionizing radiation was performed. The kinetics data from these tests, when compared with kinetics of silica dissolution in water and post-exposure characterization of SiC samples, suggest that oxidation of SiC to form silica is the rate-limiting step for recession of SiC in high temperature water. Oxygen activity in water was determined to play an important role in SiC recession kinetics. A simplified model of a power loop shows the effect of silica dissolution from the hot region (resembling fuel) and deposition in the cold regions.
Interventional device visualization with toroidal transceiver and optically coupled current sensor for radiofrequency safety monitoring

Purpose The development of catheters and guidewires that are safe from radiofrequency (RF) -induced heating and clearly visible against background tissue is a major challenge in interventional MRI. An interventional imaging approach using a toroidal transmit–receive (transceive) coil is presented. This toroidal transceiver allows controlled, low levels of RF current to flow in the catheter/guidewire for visualization, and can be used with conductive interventional devices that have a localized low-impedance tip contact. Methods Toroidal transceivers were built, and phantom experiments were performed to quantify transmit power levels required for device visibility and to detect heating hazards. Imaging experiments in a pig cadaver tested the extendibility to higher field strength and nonphantom settings. A photonically powered optically coupled toroidal current sensor for monitoring induced RF currents was built, calibrated, and tested using an independent image-based current estimation method. Results Results indicate that high signal-to-noise ratio visualization is achievable using milliwatts of transmit power—power levels orders of magnitude lower than levels that induce measurable heating in phantom tests. Agreement between image-based current estimates and RF current sensor measurements validates sensor accuracy. Conclusion The toroidal transceiver, integrated with power and current sensing, could offer a promising platform for safe and effective interventional device visualization. Magn Reson Med 73:1315–1327, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interleukin-10: A Multi-Faceted Agent of Pregnancy

It is widely accepted that pregnancy constitutes a unique developmental event. Unprecedented intrauterine actions of angiogenesis, immunity, and neuroendocrine regulation are juxtaposed to mechanisms of senescence that enable fetal growth and protection. The suppressive and regulatory factors that facilitate healthy pregnancy are under investigation. In non-pregnant systems of infection and inflammation, the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been widely investigated because of its potential as a key immunosuppressant in response to a multitude of inflammatory events. In the context of pregnancy, IL-10 levels increase markedly in women during early pregnancy and remain elevated well into the third trimester immediately prior to onset of labor. The role of IL-10 during pregnancy as a suppressor of active maternal immunity to allow acceptance of the fetal allograft has been a point of study. Moreover, secretion of IL-10 by a diverse set of maternal and fetal cells has proven to aid in the orchestration of normal processes of pregnancy. Interestingly, some of the more profound findings regarding the actions of IL-10 during pregnancy have manifested from research that focuses on aberrant pregnancy outcomes as a result of inflammation, hormonal imbalances, or gene-environment interactions. This review focuses on the role of IL-10 as a facilitator of successful pregnancy both as an immune suppressive agent and a mediator of cross talk between the placenta and the decidua. Importantly, we discuss investigations on adverse pregnancy conditions to further elucidate the multifarious role of IL-10 at the maternal-fetal interface.
Overexpression of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1, But Not Insulin Receptor Substrate-2, Protects a T Cell Hybridoma from Activation-Induced Cell Death

The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family of signaling molecules is expressed in lymphocytes, although their functions in these cells is largely unknown. To investigate the role of IRS in the protection of T cells from activation-induced cell death (AICD), we transfected the T cell hybridoma A1.1, which is IL-4 responsive but lacks expression of IRS family members with cDNA encoding IRS1 or IRS2. Stimulation of these clones with immobilized anti-CD3-induced expression of CD69 to the same level as the parental A1.1 cells. However, the A1.1 IRS1-expressing cells were markedly resistant to AICD, while the A1.1 IRS2-expressing cells were not. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in the A1.1 IRS1-expressing cells did not abrogate their resistance to AICD. Fas mRNA was induced similarly by anti-CD3 in A1.1, A1.1 IRS1-expressing, and A1.1 IRS2-expressing cells. However, induction of Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA and functional FasL protein was delayed and decreased in IRS1-expressing cells, but not in IRS2-expressing cells. The induction of transcription from a 500-bp FasL promoter and a minimal 16-mer early growth response element linked to luciferase was also impaired in the IRS1-expressing cells. These results suggest that overexpression of IRS1, but not IRS2, protects A1.1 cells from AICD by diminishing FasL transcription through a pathway that is independent of the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity.
Genetic control of bacteriophage T4 baseplate morphogenesis. II. Mutants unable to form the central part of the baseplate.

The products of the group II baseplate genes, 5, 25, 26, 51, 27, 28 and 29 are needed for baseplate morphogenesis, but make only a small contribution to the total protein composition of the baseplate. To understand the function of these gene products we have examined the state of the major baseplate structural proteins in cells infected with amber mutants defective in the group II genes. These infected cells accumulate normal 15 S arm complexes and small amounts of organized 70 S structures. Electron microscopic examination of the 70 S material reveals unstable sixfold-symmetric structures lacking the central hub of the baseplate. The protein compositions of the 70 S structures from all the mutant lysates were similar and showed clearly that the 70 S structures were polymerization products of the 15 S precursor, representing either aberrant aggregates or unstable intermediates. In the course of these analyses five more baseplate proteins were identified as the products of known phage genes: gene 5 protein, 44,000 daltons; gene 53 protein, 23,000 daltons; gene 25 protein, 15,000 daltons; gene 48 protein, 44,000 daltons; and gene 54 protein, 36,000 daltons. Only one baseplate protein, designated pY (22,000 daltons) remains unidentified genetically. 18 of the 19 phage tail proteins resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gels have now been identified with the genes coding for them. The baseplate-like structures from all the group II mutant lysates lacked the same five minor baseplate proteins (gp5, gp29, gp54, pX and pY). This suggests that these proteins and the other group II gene products interact with each other in a common pathway. The electron microscopy results suggest that the endproduct of this pathway is the central plug of the baseplate.
α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Mediate β-Amyloid Peptide-induced Tau Protein Phosphorylation *

The Alzheimer's disease pathogenic peptide, β-amyloid42 (Aβ42), induces tau protein phosphorylation. Because hyperphosphorylated tau is a consistent component of neurofibrillary tangles, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated the signaling molecules involved in Aβ42-induced tau phosphorylation. We show that Aβ42 elicited rapid and reversible tau protein phosphorylation on three proline-directed sites (Ser-202, Thr-181, and Thr-231) in systems enriched in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) including serum-deprived human SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells and hippocampal synaptosomes. Although α7nAChR agonists induced similar phosphorylation, pretreatment with antisense-α7nAChR oligonucleotides (in cells) or α7nAChR antagonists (in cells and synaptosomes) attenuated Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation. Western analyses showed that the mitogen-activated kinase cascade proteins, ERKs and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK-1), were concomitantly activated by Aβ42, and their respective kinase inhibitors suppressed Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation. More importantly, recombinant-activated ERKs and JNK-1 could differentially phosphorylate tau protein in vitro. Thus, the α7nAChR may mediate Aβ-induced tau protein phosphorylation via ERKs and JNK-1.
Cellular dissection of psoriasis for transcriptome analyses and the post-GWAS era

Genome-scale studies of psoriasis have been used to identify genes of potential relevance to disease mechanisms. For many identified genes, however, the cell type mediating disease activity is uncertain, which has limited our ability to design gene functional studies based on genomic findings. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with altered expression in psoriasis lesions (n = 216 patients), as well as candidate genes near susceptibility loci from psoriasis GWAS studies. These gene sets were characterized based upon their expression across 10 cell types present in psoriasis lesions. Susceptibility-associated variation at intergenic (non-coding) loci was evaluated to identify sites of allele-specific transcription factor binding. Half of DEGs showed highest expression in skin cells, although the dominant cell type differed between psoriasis-increased DEGs (keratinocytes, 35%) and psoriasis-decreased DEGs (fibroblasts, 33%). In contrast, psoriasis GWAS candidates tended to have highest expression in immune cells (71%), with a significant fraction showing maximal expression in neutrophils (24%, P < 0.001). By identifying candidate cell types for genes near susceptibility loci, we could identify and prioritize SNPs at which susceptibility variants are predicted to influence transcription factor binding. This led to the identification of potentially causal (non-coding) SNPs for which susceptibility variants influence binding of AP-1, NF-κB, IRF1, STAT3 and STAT4. These findings underscore the role of innate immunity in psoriasis and highlight neutrophils as a cell type linked with pathogenetic mechanisms. Assignment of candidate cell types to genes emerging from GWAS studies provides a first step towards functional analysis, and we have proposed an approach for generating hypotheses to explain GWAS hits at intergenic loci.
Formation of a stable surface oxametallacycle that produces ethylene oxide.

Temperature programmed desorption, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and density functional theory (DFT) were used to investigate the adsorption and reaction of ethylene oxide (EO) on the Ag(111) surface. When EO is dosed onto Ag(111) at 140 K it adsorbs molecularly, desorbing without reaction at ∼200 K. On the other hand, when EO is dosed at 250 K, the ring-opening of EO is activated, and a stable surface intermediate is formed. This intermediate reacts at 300 K to re-form EO plus a few other products. HREELS and DFT studies suggest that this stable intermediate is a surface oxametallacycle. Moreover, the activation energies observed for the reaction of the oxametallacycle to form EO are in an excellent agreement with the values reported for the steady-state ethylene epoxidation process. This work represents the first demonstration of surface oxametallacycle ring-closure to form EO. Comparison of the spectroscopic results obtained from silver single crystals and supported cataly...
Methadone induces CCR5 and promotes AIDS virus infection

Methadone, a regimen for the treatment of opioid dependency, was found to induce the expression of CCR5, a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian form of HIV (SIV) entry, on human CEM x174 lymphocytes. Both CCR5 mRNA and protein were elevated in methadone-treated cells. A concomitant increase of mu opioid receptors was also observed. Upon methadone exposure, SIVmac239-infected CEM x174 cells released greater amounts of virus particles as revealed by both the number of syncytia formation and reverse transcriptase activities. Similar methadone effect was not observed on CEM x174 cells infected with other simian retroviruses that do not depend on CCR5 for cellular entry. These studies raise concerns considering methadone as an innocuous morphine substitute.
COLUMN PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF DDT AND RELATED COMPOUNDS.

Abstract The separation of DDT, certain of its homologs and analogs (DDE, DDD, DBP, Kelthane, and FW-152) which are of interest in studies of detoxification of DDT, and some derivatives of DDT (Cl-DDT, Ac-DDT) was achieved by column chromatography of the compounds partitioned between 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (moving phase) and 3-methoxypropionitrile (stationary phase) on cellulose powder. Measurement of the absorbancies of the effluent fractions at 235 and 268 mμ served as the primary quantitative and qualitative assay. A colorimetric procedure, modifying earlier applications of the Fujiwara reaction, was developed to measure Kelthane and Ac-DDT.
Long-term care of the liver transplant recipient.

As survival increases after liver transplantation, common issues that arise involve immunosuppression-related complications and primary health care. Proper emphasis on the prevention and treatment of post–liver transplant complications, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, renal dysfunction, osteoporosis, and obesity, requires careful screening and long-term surveillance to minimize the progression of these complications. Active involvement by internists and subspecialists is necessary and a multidisciplinary approach should be undertaken. Liver transplantation should be viewed as a lifelong commitment by both patient and physician.