cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational identification and analysis of signaling subnetworks with distinct functional roles in the regulation of TNF production

Inflammation is a complex process driven by the coordinated action of a vast number of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecular mediators. While experimental studies have provided an abundance of information about the properties and mechanisms of action of individual mediators, essential system-level regulatory patterns that determine the time-course of inflammation are not sufficiently understood. In particular, it is not known how the contributions from distinct signaling pathways involved in cytokine regulation combine to shape the overall inflammatory response over different time scales. We investigated the kinetics of the intra- and extracellular signaling network controlling the production of the essential pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and its anti-inflammatory counterpart, interleukin 10 (IL-10), in a macrophage culture. To tackle the intrinsic complexity of the network, we employed a computational modeling approach using the available literature data about specific molecular interactions. Our computational model successfully captured experimentally observed short- and long-term kinetics of key inflammatory mediators. Subsequent model analysis showed that distinct subnetworks regulate IL-10 production by impacting different temporal phases of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Moreover, the model revealed that functionally similar inhibitory control circuits regulate the early and late activation phases of nuclear factor κB and CREB. Finally, we identified and investigated distinct signaling subnetworks that independently control the peak height and tail height of the TNF temporal trajectories. The knowledge of such subnetwork-specific regulatory effects may facilitate therapeutic interventions aimed at precise modulation of the inflammatory response.
Cell Invasion Dynamics into a Three Dimensional Extracellular Matrix Fibre Network

The dynamics of filopodia interacting with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) play a key role in various cell-ECM interactions, but their mechanisms of interaction with the ECM in 3D environment remain poorly understood. Based on first principles, here we construct an individual-based, force-based computational model integrating four modules of 1) filopodia penetration dynamics; 2) intracellular mechanics of cellular and nuclear membranes, contractile actin stress fibers, and focal adhesion dynamics; 3) structural mechanics of ECM fiber networks; and 4) reaction-diffusion mass transfers of seven biochemical concentrations in related with chemotaxis, proteolysis, haptotaxis, and degradation in ECM to predict dynamic behaviors of filopodia that penetrate into a 3D ECM fiber network. The tip of each filopodium crawls along ECM fibers, tugs the surrounding fibers, and contracts or retracts depending on the strength of the binding and the ECM stiffness and pore size. This filopodium-ECM interaction is modeled as a stochastic process based on binding kinetics between integrins along the filopodial shaft and the ligands on the surrounding ECM fibers. This filopodia stochastic model is integrated into migratory dynamics of a whole cell in order to predict the cell invasion into 3D ECM in response to chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and durotaxis cues. Predicted average filopodia speed and that of the cell membrane advance agreed with experiments of 3D HUVEC migration at r2 > 0.95 for diverse ECMs with different pore sizes and stiffness.
Xylulokinase activity in various yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the cloned xylulokinase gene. Scientific note.

d-Xylose is a major constituent of hemicellulose, which makes up 20–30% of renewable biomass in nature.d-Xylose can be fermented by most yeasts, includingSaccharomyces cerevisiae, by a two-stage process. In this process, xylose is first converted to xylulose in vitro by the enzyme xylose (glucose) isomerase, and the latter sugar is then fermented by yeast to ethanol. With the availability of an inexpensive source of xylose isomerase produced by recombinantE. coli, this process of fermenting xylose to ethanol can become quite effective. In this paper, we report that yeast xylose and xylulose fermentation can be further improved by cloning and overexpression of the xylulokinase gene. For instance, the level of xylulokinase activity in S.cerevisiae can be increased 230fold by cloning its xylulokinase gene on a high copy-number plasmid, coupled with fusion of the gene with an effective promoter. The resulting genetically-engineered yeasts can ferment xylose and xylulose more than twice as fast as the parent yeast.
RESOLUTION OF AN EQUIVOCAL GENETIC ELEMENT IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: ORGANIZATION OF THE MAROON-LIKE LOCUS

Despite extensive prior study, an understanding of the genetic organization of the maroon-like locus ( ma-l :1-64.8) has been elusive. A large-scale, three-point fine structure recombination experiment is described, whose results provide documentation for an inescapable argument that maroon-like is a single element rather than a polycistronic system.
The Development of a Sampling Plan on the Spatial Distribution of the Green Peach Aphid on Sugarbeets

Since green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), on sugarbeets displayed a negative binomial distribution, a sampling plan was devised in which the dispersion parameter k was used to estimate the number of aphids per plant based on the percentage of leaves infested. Sampling data of the 3rd year was used to validate the sampling model based on the 1st 2 years' data. A convenient and practical plan of sampling was developed using the percentage of large leaves infested to estimate the number of aphids per plant.
Biology and Economic Status of Hylemya fugax (Meigen) in Oregon

Hylemya fugax (Meigcn), an anthomyid fly closely related to the seed-corn maggot, has been reported as a leaf miner, a pest of cauliflower heads, and as a saprophagous secondary invader of various crops. Observations show that this species is more abundant in Oregon than previously thought and that it is active in the field from March through November. Studies on cauliflower have implicated fugax with the discoloration of the heads, but only incidentally as a result of its saprophytic habits.
Epidemiological survey of a food poisoning event caused by Phytolacca americana leave

A food poisoning event occurred in a resort in Beijing on October 1,2012,and 6 cases were involved. Epidemiological and toxicological surveys and morphological identification indicated that the poisoning w as caused by eating Phytolacca americana leaves salad in dinner. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about the toxic plants to prevent this kind of food poisoning.
Thromboendarterectomy for Anuria 4½ Years Post-Renal Transplant: A Case Report

A 45-year-old woman with a functioning renal transplant for more than 4 years presented with an acute myocardial infarction and anuria. Arteriograms demonstrated an occluded hypogastric artery. Thromboendarterectomy and instillation of fibrinolysin restored renal blood flow. Although death followed recurrent myocardial infarction 1 week postoperatively, urine output was improving and autopsy revealed viable renal tissue.
Abstract C153: Investigation of Chk1 as a novel therapeutic target for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal form of lung cancer, accounting for around 15% of lung cancers in the United States, currently having no targeted therapies with established efficacy. Using a high-throughput proteomic screen, we demonstrated overexpression of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in SCLC. Chk1 being the master regulator of the cell cycle in absence of p53, we hypothesize that Chk1 targeting may be effective SCLC because of near ubiquitous loss of p53. In the present study, we tested the effect of Chk1 targeting by shRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition in an extensive panel of SCLC cell lines and in animal models. Experimental procedures: shRNA-mediated knockdown of Chk1 was done in select human SCLC lines and confirmed at the mRNA and protein level. The effect of Chk1 inhibition by LY2606368 alone and in combination with cisplatin or the PARP1/2 inhibitor talazoparib was tested in 39 SCLC cell lines. Proliferation was assessed by cell titer glo analysis and effect on cell cycle was tested by flow cytometry. Drug sensitivity (IC50) was then correlated with baseline expression level of >190 total or phosphorylated proteins measured by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) to identify potential predictive biomarkers. In vivo effect of the Chk1 inhibitor with or without cisplatin or talazoparib was tested in syngeneic and xenograft model of SCLC. Results: shRNA-mediated targeted Chk1 knockdown significantly decreased the proliferation of SCLC lines confirming Chk1 as a viable target (p 90% reduction in volume) which was durable (ongoing response >50 days in 7/9 animals). The combination with cisplatin or talazoparib also resulted in tumor regression and was significantly more effective than either cisplatin or talazoparib alone. Tumor regression following LY2606368 treatment was also observed in cis-resistant H69 xenograft model of SCLC. Conclusion: The study established checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) targeting as a novel and active therapeutic strategy for SCLC, a disease for which the standard of care has remained unchanged for >30 years. Chk1 knockdown was sufficient to inhibit proliferation in SCLC cell lines and LY2606368, a Chk1 inhibitor in current clinical trials, showed activity as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin and PARP inhibition in vitro and in vivo. TP53-mutant cells (hallmark of SCLC) rely on Chk1 for cell cycle arrest; hence, inhibition of Chk1 in SCLC likely works by driving cells to mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. These findings support the further investigation of Chk1 targeting and Chk1 predictive biomarkers in SCLC. Citation Format: Triparna Sen, Pan Tong, C. Allison Stewart, You Hong-Fan, Ying Feng, Jing Wang, Lauren A. Byers. Investigation of Chk1 as a novel therapeutic target for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C153.
Nonpenetrating trauma to the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.

Excessive postoperative biliary drainage or bile ascites should alert the physician to the possibility of serious damage to the external hepatic bile ducts. Therapy should be directed toward correction of metabolic deficiencies, control of sepsis, and the establishment of internal biliary drainage by whatever means possible. Severe associated injury to the pancreas may require pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Metadata standards and web services in libraries, archives, and museums: An active learning resource

Since the birth of the web over 25 years ago, both the information resources described by libraries, archives, and museums and the systems used to make resources discoverable are increasingly digit...
How do the Two-Level-System Distributions Arise in Amorphous Solids?

The two-level-systems (‘TLS’) in amorphous solids are characterized by two features: (a) They have a constant density of states with a broad distribution of relaxation times; (b) Their density of states has practically the same magnitude in all amorphous solids. Certain properly disordered mixed crystalline solids share these features. In the most thoroughly studied system, (KBr)1−x(KCN)x, lattice-mediated elastic interactions between tunneling centers (the CN−) are believed to play a crucial role in the development of the TLS at intermediate cyanide concentrations (0.2 < x < 0.6). In the present work we take a novel approach to creating the TLS in a mixed crystal. We show that feature (a) arises when tunneling centers in crystals are subjected to random internal stresses by comparing the behavior of KBr+~0.5 mole% CN− and KBr.5C1.5 doped with ~0.5 mole% CN−, where internal stresses are intentionally introduced through the random substitution of 50% of the Br− for Cl−.
Use of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Management of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Approximately 20 % of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, predominantly to the liver. Surgical resection is the only real chance at a cure for a majority of these patients. A subset of patients present with unresectable disease with systemic and local therapy as the only available options. The advent of irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-based systemic therapy has increased median survival from about 5 months to greater than 20 months in metastatic disease. Addition of local therapy has the potential to further improve outcomes. With many avenues of regional therapy available, radioembolization with Yttrium-90 tagged microspheres offers a selective, targeted, and well-tolerated option. In this paper, we discuss the current evidence for radioembolization use as first-line adjunctive therapy and as salvage therapy. Based on current evidence, there appears to be an increase in liver-specific progression-free survival and an increase in overall survival when used as salvage therapy. Considerations for use in downstaging to resectable disease still need further investigation.
Congenital Neurologic Malformations

A 17-year survey of major congenital neurologic malformations among infants born in U.S. Army Hospitals worldwide from January 1, 1971 through December 31, 1987 is presented from the Neonatology Services, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC and Travis Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, CA.
Harnessing Anomalous Preferences of Anonymous Users for Lean Information Systems Development

When features are added to an existing Information Systems (IS) product in response to market demands it is important to assess their business value before implementing them into the product. But how does one estimate the true value of a new feature? Is it sufficient to consider only the consumer reward for including a feature into the product or is it also useful to evaluate the consumer penalty for not building the feature into the product? The current methods for feature selection capture only the consumer inputs for building a feature into the product. The implications of not building the feature are not captured. This study investigates the adequacy of such an approach and discovers that additional business information can be extracted by considering both, the reward as well as the penalty perspective of the user. This information can be utilized by producers in developing lean IS products, thereby providing salutary benefits to both provider and consumer.
Assessing Workplace Accommodation Requests Among Older Workers

As one ages, the chance of acquiring functional limitations increases dramatically. Thus, a remarkably high proportion of older workers will likely qualify for workplace accommodations. The current...
XDroid: An Android permission control using Hidden Markov chain and online learning

Android devices provide opportunities for users to install third-party applications through various online markets. This brings security and privacy concerns to the users since third-party applications may pose serious threats. The exponential growth and diversity of these applications render conventional defenses ineffective, thus, Android smartphones often remain unprotected from novel malware. In this work, we present XDroid, an Android app and resource risk assessment framework using hidden Markov model. In this framework, we first map the applications' behaviors into an observation set, and we introduce a novel approach to attach timestamp to some observations to improve the accuracy of the model. We show that our HMM can be utilized to generates risk alerts to users when suspicious behaviors are found. Furthermore, an online learning model is introduced to enable the integration of the input from users and provide adaptive risk assessment to meet user's preferences. We evaluate our model through a set of experiments on a benchmark malware dataset DREBIN. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can assess malicious apps risk-levels with high accuracy. It also provide adaptive risk assessment based on input from users.
The Impact of Rural Electric Access on Deforestation Rates

Summary Overpopulation and economic industrialization are two common explanations for deforestation. Political ecology, however, highlights that good governance and effective land management at the local level can offset the impact of population growth and development on environmental degradation. In this paper, we provide an innovative argument derived from political ecology to explain deforestation, but rather than pursing a “bottom up” approach to governance, we take a “top down” approach. We argue that the state can ease deforestation rates by weaning rural populations off of the consumption of biomass for their energy needs by expanding rural electrification access. Using a panel analysis of 158 countries for the years 1990, 2000, and 2010, we find that not only does rural electrification cause deforestation rates to decrease, but also that it is more robust in explaining deforestation than population growth or development. Our study provides two innovations to political ecology: it highlights that the state can help, rather than hinder, local populations with managing their local environments in a more sustainable way by providing them with (public goods-based) energy alternatives, and; it supplements political ecology’s qualitative focus on environmental degradation with a generalized quantitative analysis of state-based initiatives on deforestation. Our results suggest that current global initiatives addressing deforestation—specifically the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) agenda of the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change—should not only assist local land managers, but also work with the state to ensure universal access to electricity.
Coupling Radical Homoallylic Expansions with C-C Fragmentations for the Synthesis of Heteroaromatics: Quinolines from Reactions of o-Alkenylarylisonitriles with Aryl, Alkyl, and Perfluoroalkyl Radicals.

Selective addition of radicals to isonitriles can be harnessed for initiating reaction cascades designed to overcome the stereoelectronic restrictions on homoallylic ring expansion in alkyne reactions and to develop a new general route for the preparation of N-heteroaromatics. This method utilizes alkenes as synthetic equivalents of alkynes by coupling homoallylic ring expansion to yield the formal “6-endo” products with aromatization via stereoelectronically assisted C–C bond scission. Computational analysis of the homoallyic expansion potential energy surface reveals that the indirect 5-exo/3-exo/retro-3-exo path is faster than the direct 6-endo-trig closure, revealing the general exo-preference for the cyclization processes.
“Small business enterprises and Latino entrepreneurship: An enclave or mainstream activity in South Texas?”

We surveyed 298 Latino small businesses in South Texas, a minority-majority region, in the summer of 2010. The survey focused on Latino entrepreneurship, and in this paper, we report findings associated with business start-up, immigration status of the entrepreneur, the sphere of business operations within formal or informal markets, the role of language in business operations, and the impact of the US-Mexico border in business success. We explore Latino entrepreneurship in the region as an enclave or mainstream activity developing a typology of business income chances associated with immigration documentation and business start-up rationale. Lastly, using multivariate analysis, we find gender, financial access, residence, and business language significant determinants in business orientation between necessity-driven and opportunity-driven Latino enterprises.
Squamous cell carcinoma DNA detection using ultrabright SERS nanorattles and magnetic beads for head and neck cancer molecular diagnostics

A rise in head and neck cancers in low and middle countries over recent years has prompted the need for low-cost, resource-efficient diagnostic technologies. Standard diagnosis with histopathology is often not feasible due to the low number of trained pathologists in these regions, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. This study presents an alternative diagnostic method to standard histopathology. We developed a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based method to distinguish squamous cell carcinoma from other cell lines. Using a “sandwich” method employing ultrabright SERS nanorattles and magnetic beads, we directly targeted specific nucleic acid markers of squamous cells. Our method was able to detect the presence of squamous cells with high sensitivity and specificity, supporting its potential for use as a diagnostic tool in head and neck fine needle aspirations (FNA).
ON-LINE ESTIMATION OF OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

ABSTRACT A technique for the on-line estimation of oxygen uptake rate (OUR), using readily available sensors and a process control computer, is presented. Data from a full-scale, instrumented wastewater treatment plant is used to evaluate the technique. A comparison between the measured and estimated OUR shows a reasonable agreement indicating that the estimated OUR can be used for monitoring and control of the activated sludge process. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SCOUR), an index of sludge activity, can also be estimated by coupling the estimate of OUR with measurement of the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS).
Prestroke selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke.

Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been implicated in contributing to recovery after acute ischaemic stroke. In particular, poststroke initiation of an SSRI has been demonstrated to improve motor recovery. The role of prestroke SSRI use on functional outcomes and stroke recovery is less clear. We aimed to examine the effect of prestroke SSRI use on metrics of hospitalisation and functional recovery. Methods We included 4968 consecutive patients from January 2006 to June 2015 in our local Get With The Guidelines-Stroke registry in whom a preadmission drug list could be extracted from an administrative research data registry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of functional outcomes. Results On univariate analysis, among 4698 ischaemic strokes (740 SSRI users and 3948 non-users), SSRI use before acute ischaemic stroke did not impact the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) admission score, length of stay or rate of symptomatic haemorrhage. Patients using SSRIs prior to their stroke were more likely to present with weakness (57% vs 47.3%; P Conclusions SSRI use preceding an acute ischaemic stroke is associated with lower rates of discharge to home despite no significant increase in length of stay or NIHSS score.
Time-reversal, MIMO, and reciprocity: Their implications

The objective of this paper is to outline the unity in diversity between the time-reversal, MIMO and reciprocity. The objective is to outline the fundamental physics behind them and illustrate under what conditions they work.
Depression and its effects on the success of resin-based restorations.

AIMS There are many factors that play into the success or failure of dental treatments, and mental health has been hypothesized to increase failure rates in treatment such as resin-based restorations. The goal of this work was to evaluate if composite resin dental restorations perform the same in individuals with depression in comparison to matched individuals without depression. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 6,026 individuals from the University of Pittsburgh Dental Registry and DNA Repository project were evaluated and 326 patients with depression were selected for this study. They were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking history with 326 subjects without depression. Rates of failure of resin-based restorations were determined in both groups. Chi-square was used for all comparisons with alpha set at 0.05. We found significantly higher failure rates of resin-based restorations in patients diagnosed with clinical depression (p < 0.00001, OR = 1.89, 95% C.I. 1.6 to 2.23). DISCUSSION The significantly higher failure rates in patients with clinical depression suggests that clinical depression has an effect on the success of resin-based restorations. The results of this study suggest a need for more personalized dental care for patients, which includes taking into account their mental health and its subsequent effects on oral health and hygiene, and customized definitions of follow-up time intervals.
AGING | Epilepsy and Seizure Susceptibility in the Aging Brain

Geriatric epilepsy is a major public health concern, with approximately 5% of the elderly being affected. A variety of aging-related conditions is known to contribute to this increase in seizure susceptibility, including cerebrovascular insult, metabolic disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, in more than 40% of cases no proconvulsive antecedent can be identified, leading to the suggestion that aging of the central nervous system (CNS) itself may be epileptogenic. This hypothesis is under debate and critical scrutiny; experimental data from animal studies indicate that while many neural properties are altered in a proconvulsive manner during aging, other changes can be considered anticonvulsive. However, these disparate results are not necessarily contradictory since, taken together, they may explain why only certain types of seizure disorders are observed frequently in the elderly, and why the behavioral manifestations and electrographic characteristics of seizures observed in the elderly are often not identical to those seen in the younger adult population.
Contrast Nephropathy and Kidney Injury

CI-AKI is a serious complication for patients undergoing iodinated contrast procedures. CI-AKI has been associated with poor survival, worse morbidity, and increased healthcare resource utilization and cost. There are effective tools to risk-assess patients prior to and following contrast procedures. These tools can be used to identify patients at high risk of developing CI-AKI or renal failure. In order to prevent CI-AKI, aggressive hydration protocols including patient education and at-home hydration, IV normal saline and/or sodium bicarbonate protocols, and consider high-dose N-acetylcysteine (1,200 mg) before and after the procedure. Patients should be educated about the risks of contrast on kidney function and the importance of complying with at-home hydration protocols, post-discharge SCr measurement, and follow-up with cardiology and their primary care physician. These strategies are inexpensive and help to maximize patient safety while reducing overall healthcare expenditures.
Directed Reaction Graphs as Posets

Reaction diagrams are considered especially for the circumstance of progressive substitution (or addition) on a fixed molecular skeleton, and it is noted that these naturally form Hasse diagrams for a partially ordered set (or poset) of the substituted structures. The possibility that different properties are similarly ordered is a further natural consideration, and is here illustrated for several different properties for (methyl & chloro) substituted benzenes.
Automated Contact and Non-Contact Constraint Generation for Disassembly Feasibility and Planning

Abstract Disassembly is an essential step for value recovery processes, but it is typically manually performed, which is time-consuming. Design for disassembly and automated disassembly methods can improve efficiency. However, critical disassembly information, such as disassembly precedence and direction must be easily and rapidly accessible. Previous research has evaluated contact constraints for product disassembly from a CAD assembly STEP file in order to determine if a disassembly operation is feasible, but efficient extraction of disassembly information and non-contact disassembly constraints is an ongoing area of study. Disassembly feasibility and direction for contact and non-contact interferences can be expressed as an interference matrix after disassembly information is extracted from CAD assembly designs. In this paper, a STEP file format is used as a source for part geometry to evaluate disassembly feasibility and direction for contact and non-contact disassembly interferences. The method proposed in this paper extracts geometrical data from STEP file to test collision relationships when removing assembled components. Non-contact and contact disassembly feasibility are presented as a weighted liaison graph. In future work, the approach will be implemented iteratively to determine disassembly precedence and direction at each stage of disassembly, and identify potential destructive disassembly opportunities.
Pilot Study of a Cross-Sector Partnership to Integrate Inner-City Community College Students into a School Based Health Promotion Program

While overweight and obesity continue to be significant public health problems in the United States, especially among minority and disadvantaged youth, there are also many initiatives in the school environment that aim to combat these concerns. The effectiveness of these interventions is of course a major point of interest. This paper describes issues raised in an early-stage cross-sector partnership between a community-based organization (CBO) and an urban community college for tackling obesity in public school children. Seven college students worked as paid interns in the CBO�s New York City Public School-based health promotion program located in the Bronx. As part of the program, college students paired with chefs to educate schoolchildren about healthy eating. This study examines the successes, challenges and lessons learned from the themes that arose in the college students� pre and post surveys and logs, faculty journal entries and notes from a debriefing session with CBO staff. The college students reported multiple successes such as applying their nutrition knowledge, an interest in working in their community and positive changes in some of the schoolchildren�s and college students� eating behaviors. Challenges included a short and chaotic lunch period, which discouraged healthy eating, and a lack of buy-in from the school staff and parents. This study highlights the issue of cultural relatability and the effectiveness of role models originating in the community. When this factor is taken into account, crosssector partnerships, which develop programming to expose individuals to healthy, affordable food, may have a long-term impact on the participants and the community in which they live.
The Need for Innovation in Health Care Systems to Improve Suicide Prevention

Suicide rates have continued to rise in the United States. Speculations for this rise proliferate but the causes for the increase remain unknown. While research focuses on identifying causes, the health care system is an important site for identification of patients at risk. Forty percent of individuals who die by suicide were seen in primary care in the month prior to suicide. The Zero Suicide model describes a comprehensive approach for health care systems to aid in identification and intervention of suicidal patients. While this model promises to improve care of suicidal patients, the need for innovation in our approach to understanding and caring for suicidal patients is pressing. Use of technology to enhance moment-to-moment monitoring of at-risk individuals offers promise and the possibility of intervening close to escalation of acute suicidal states. Further, once identified, suicidal individuals are often difficult to engage in treatment. Novel approaches to engagement and treatment that are effective and acceptable to suicidal patients ought to be developed. Specifically, males are much more likely than females to die by suicide. At the same time, males are less likely to seek and remain in the treatments we have to offer. Innovation should seek to identify strategies that are acceptable to males. Additionally, while about half of psychiatric inpatient admissions are suicide related, there is a paucity of suicide-specific psychosocial interventions available for inpatient settings. Innovation in monitoring and treatment offer promise in helping to reduce suicidal behavior in the United States.
Delegation at the Founding

This article refutes the claim that the Constitution was originally understood to contain a nondelegation doctrine. The founding generation didn’t share anything remotely approaching a belief that the constitutional settlement imposed restrictions on the delegation of legislative power---let alone by empowering the judiciary to police legalized limits. To the contrary, the overwhelming majority of Founders didn’t see anything wrong with delegations as a matter of legal theory. The formal account just wasn’t that complicated: Any particular use of coercive rulemaking authority could readily be characterized as the exercise of either executive or legislative power, and was thus formally valid regardless of the institution from which it issued. Indeed, administrative rulemaking was so routine throughout the Anglo-American world that it would have been shocking if the Constitution had transformed the workaday business of administrative governance. Practice in the new regime quickly showed that the Founders had done no such thing. The early federal Congresses adopted dozens of laws that broadly empowered executive and judicial actors to adopt binding rules of conduct for private parties on some of the most consequential policy questions of the era, with little if any guidance to direct them. Yet the people who drafted and debated the Constitution virtually never raised even policy objections to delegation as such, even as they feuded bitterly over many other questions of constitutional meaning.
On-line Monitoring Technology of UHV Composite Insulator Based on FBG Sensor

In this paper, combined with optical fiber sensing technology and composite insulator manufacturing technology, the optical fiber sensor is implanted into the insulator core rod in the process of pultrusion and extrusion, and the ultra-high voltage grade optical fiber composite insulator is developed. The temperature and tension of the optical fiber grating are calibrated in the laboratory, and optical Fiber Composite Insulators are connected to UHV Lines for Live Operation. The results show that the FBG sensor can reflect the changes of temperature and stress in UHV composite insulators in real time, and it can be used as a technical means to monitor the operation status of UHV composite insulators.
Evaluation of UVC Radiation and a UVC-Ozone Combination as Fresh Beef Interventions against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes and Their Effects on Beef Quality.

ABSTRACT This research study was conducted to evaluate treatments with UVC light and a combination of UVC and ozone that have recently received attention from the beef processing industry as antimicrobial interventions that leave no chemical residues on products. The effectiveness of UVC and UVC plus gaseous ozone treatments was evaluated for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria on fresh beef and for any impact on fresh beef quality. Fresh beef tissues were inoculated with cocktails of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains (serotypes O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157:H7), Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. Inoculated fresh beef tissues were subjected to UVC or UVC-ozone treatments at 106 to 590 mJ/cm2. UVC treatment alone or in combination with ozone reduced populations of STEC, Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and aerobic bacteria from 0.86 to 1.49, 0.76 to 1.33, 0.5 to 1.14, and 0.64 to 1.23 log CFU, respectively. Gaseous ozone alone reduced populations of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes by 0.65, 0.70, and 0.33 log CFU, respectively. Decimal reduction times (D-values) for STEC serotypes, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes on surfaces of fresh beef indicated that the UVC-ozone treatment was more effective (P ≤ 0.05) than UVC light alone for reducing pathogens on the surface of fresh beef. Exposure to UVC or UVC plus gaseous ozone did not have a deleterious effect on fresh meat color and did not accelerate the formation of oxidative rancidity. These findings suggest that UVC and UVC in combination with gaseous ozone can be useful for enhancing the microbial safety of fresh beef without impairing fresh beef quality. HIGHLIGHTS
Using a standardized intra-operative endoflip protocol during fundoplication to identify factors that affect distensibility

The Endoluminal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (Endoflip) can be used to provide objective measurements of the gastroesophageal junction during fundoplication, and recent publications have suggested that this device could improve surgical outcomes. However, the impact of operative variables has not been clearly reported. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of these variables on functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) measurements. Following implementation of a standardized operative FLIP protocol, all data were collected prospectively and entered into a quality database. This database was queried for patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair and fundoplication. The protocol utilized various balloon volumes (30 and 40 ml), patient positions (flat and reverse Trendelenburg) and amounts of insufflation (15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum and no pneumoperitoneum). Between August 2018 and February 2020, 97 fundoplications were performed by a single surgeon. Multivariable analysis without interactions demonstrated that a 40 ml volume fill resulted in significantly higher minimum diameter (Dmin), cross-sectional area (CSA), intra-balloon pressure (IBP) and distensibility index (DI) compared to a 30 ml volume fill (p < 0.001). While reverse Trendelenburg positioning resulted in a significantly higher Dmin, IBP and CSA compared to the flat position (all p < 0.05), there was little impact of positioning on DI. Lastly, pneumoperitoneum significantly increased IBP (p < 0.001) but did not affect Dmin (p = 0.697) or CSA (p = 0.757), which resulted in a significant decrease in DI (p < 0.001) when compared to measurements without pneumoperitoneum. Multivariable analysis allowing for interactions demonstrated significant two-way interactions between balloon volume and pneumoperitoneum (p = 0.047), as well as patient position and pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.001). Surgeons should consider balloon volume and the presence or absence of pneumoperitoneum when interpreting distensibility during or after fundoplication. Additionally, we suggest a formal standardized protocol for FLIP measurements to utilize a 40 ml volume fill in reverse Trendelenburg without pneumoperitoneum.
Abstract 14257: Endothelial SOX17 Deficiency Induces Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disaster disease characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling and persistent increase of vascular resistance, leading to right heart fa...
The Abbott Marshlands of New Jersey: A natural experiment in lichen community response to changes in air quality1

Lichens are known to be sensitive to changes in air quality. The recent closure of a coal-fired electric generating plant in New Jersey has set up a natural experiment to study the potential rebound of nearby lichen communities. The study area is the Abbott Marshlands, an ecologically important freshwater tidal wetland along the Delaware River, much of which is protected open space. To establish a baseline for future study, a biodiversity inventory of lichens and allied fungi was undertaken in the Abbott Marshlands, yielding 57 species.
Demographic structure and private savings: some evidence from emerging markets

This paper investigates the impact of demographic structure on private savings in the case of fourteen emerging markets. Specifically, we tested the implication of the life cycle hypothesis that private saving (as a percent of GDP) should increase with a high percentage of working population and fall with high percentages of the young and retired groups. Consistent with the life cycle hypothesis, the empirical results from annual data over 1960-2001 suggests that the age structure of the population is a prime determinant of national saving. In particular, our findings support the presence of a significant positive (negative) relationship between the national saving ratio and the percentage of working (children) population groups in the majority of the countries. However, the results are less conclusive regarding the statistical relationship between national saving and the elderly population group and we offered several explanations for the apparent weak relationship. Overall, our results generalize the evidence in support of the life cycle hypothesis in the case of emerging markets and suggest that the demographic structure is an important determinant of future trends in national savings.
Designing Information Security

Previous chapters have emphasized that criminals and spies concentrate on financial account information, trade secrets, and internal organization data. This chapter is all about protecting information assets via the three goals of security, CIA: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Two additional requirements that may apply include legal and privacy liability. We achieve these goals by classifying information assets and then defining how each class of assets should be protected. That, in a nutshell, is what this chapter is all about.
Freedom and anthropology in Kant's moral philosophy

Introduction: Kant's anthropology and Schleiermacher's dilemma Part I. The Problem: 1. The asymmetry in Kant's conception of freedom 2. Anthropology as an empirical science 3. The moral significance of Kant's 'pragmatic anthropology' 4. Moral anthropology in contemporary neokantian ethics Part II. The Solution: 5. Transcendental evil, radical evil, and moral anthropology 6. Moral influence on others Epilogue. Incorporating moral anthropology and defending Kantian moral philosophy.
Focal Periodic Myogenic Artifact Affecting the EEG

ABSTRACT.Myogenic artifacts in EEG recordings usually have no diagnostic significance, but they occasionally may have important clinical implications. We observed an unusual type of focal periodic myogenic activity (FPMA) affecting the EEG and sought to determine its clinical correlations. The EEG recordings and medical records of 22 patients with FPMA were reviewed. The FPMA consisted of single or brief groups of motor unit potentials firing periodically at rates of 2 to 7 Hz. It usually was confined to one electrode position and persisted throughout an entire record during wakefulness and sleep. Needle electrode examination confirmed the myogenic nature of the discharges in several patients. The EEG activity varied among the patients. FPMA was not associated with any concomitant epileptiform activity. Of the 22 patients, 16 were male and 6 were female. Their average age was 62.5 years (range, 11 to 82 years). No consistent underlying clinical or radiologic abnormalities were found. The data suggest that...
Surfactant Dissolution and Mobilization of LNAPL Contaminants in Aquifers

Improper disposal, accidental spills and leaks of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) such as gasoline, fuel oil and creosote result in long-term persistent sources of groundwater pollution. Column and 2-D tanks experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of surfactant-enhanced recovery of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) in groundwater aquifers. These experiments focused on the use of surfactants to promote dissolution and mobilization in addition to evaluating the increase of aqueous phase permeability as residual NAPL is recovered. Further experiments are presented that show the innovative use of surfactants during primary pumping to recover free product can potentially increase the amount of free product recovered, can potentially reduce the amount of residual NAPL remaining after primary pumping and performs better than the use of surfactants to mobilize trapped residual NAPL.
RHIC Beam Position Monitor Calibration

After removal of gain‐switching relays in the signal paths of RHIC beam position monitor (BPM) electronics, we are able to calibrate the electronics with very good reproducibility. An improved calibration method has been developed to calibrate the BPM electronics and remove all error due to variation of electronic components. In the past, different results were obtained when using the on‐board calibration pulser or an externally generated calibration signal. An attempt has been made to characterize the difference between the internal and external signal paths, which will be the basis for a new version of software that will ensure reliable, internal, in‐situ calibration. This paper will describe the hardware and software involved in the calibration of the BPM electronics and present results. It will also discuss the limitations and specifications of calibration.
Androgen withdrawal fails to induce detectable tissue hypoxia in the rat prostate.

BACKGROUND It has been reported that significant hypoxia may occur in the rat prostate following androgen deprivation (AD). It is well known that hypoxia substantially reduces radiation sensitivity of cells both in vitro and in vivo. Given that contemporary management of men with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer includes the use of neoadjuvant androgen suppression and radiation, AD-induced hypoxia in the prostate could result in suboptimal therapeutic results. Given this concern, we fully investigate possible AD-induced hypoxia in the ventral prostate (VP) of adult rats by two independent methods. METHODS Tissue pO2 levels in the VP of adult Spraque-Dawley rats were evaluated prior to and at various time points following castration by two independent techniques. First, an Oxylab tissue oxygen monitor with a 240 μm probe was used for quantitative monitoring of global VP oxygenation. Second, fluorescence immunohistochemistry using the hypoxia marker EF5, known to be metabolically activated by hypoxic cells, was used to evaluate cell-to-cell variation in hypoxia at various days post-castration. RESULTS Neither the oxygen probe nor EF5 method demonstrate any substantive change in pO2 levels in the rat VP at any time point post-castration. CONCLUSIONS We find no evidence that the rat VP becomes hypoxic at any point following castration using an animal model that closely mimics the human prostate. These data are in contrast to previous reports suggesting prostatic hypoxia occurs following AD and provide assurance that our present therapeutic strategy of neoadjuvant AD followed by radiation is not compromised by AD-induced tissue hypoxia. Prostate 74:805–810, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.