cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Selected Pesticide Application Routines on Pest and Beneficial Arthropods on Soybean in Mississippi

The impact of a nematicide-insecticide(aldicarb), two postemergence herbicides, (acifluorfen and bentazon), a fungicide (benomyl), and an insecticide (methyl parathion) applied alone or in scheduled treatment routines on pest and beneficial arthropod populations was determined on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in south Mississippi during 1980 and 1981. Arthropod populations in soybean were not affected by pesticide routines including aldicarb, acifluorfen, bentazon, and benomyl. However, pest and beneficial arthropod populations were reduced significantly after application of methyl parathion, with resurgence of populations by days 7 and 16 posttreatmenl, respectively. The acifluorfen and acifluorfen + benomyl + methyl parathion-treated soybean sustained less defoliation than the untreated soybean during 1980; no differences in defoliation were recorded among treatments in 1981. Soybean treated with acifluorfen + benomyl + methyl parathion yielded more than untreated soybean and soybean receiving routines in which benomyl was not included in 1980. Yields did not differ among treatments in 1981.
Use of Absorption Cross Section to Predict Coherence Bandwidth and Other Characteristics of a Reverberation Chamber Setup for Wireless-System Tests

We present a method to predict the coherence bandwidth, delay spread, and power transfer function of a reverberation chamber. With an S -parameter measurement of an unloaded chamber and a measurement of one loading condition, the characteristics for other loading conditions can be predicted. The method is based on the absorption cross section of the absorbing material that is added to the chamber. We tested this method in two different reverberation chambers and for different types, shapes, and orientations of absorbing material. For all evaluated cases, the differences between the predicted and measured characteristics were below 6.2%.
Neutrophils : collection, separation, and activation.

Neutrophils are manufactured in the bone marrow from stem cell precursors (myeloblasts) by a series of cell divisions. In healthy individuals only the mature neutrophils enter peripheral blood. They are the most numerous leukocyte subgroup, constituting half of the circulating white cell population. Healthy blood donors typically yield 1 million neutrophils per mL of venous blood.
Quantum dots and quantum wires

There is increasing interest in the potential application of quantum dots and quantum wires to various solid state devices. Applications include enhancing the performance of existing devices (e.g., semiconductor lasers based on quantum dot active layers), the creation of materials with exotic optical nonlinearities, the development of novel processor architectures based on cellular automata, and new concepts concerning the generation of synthetic dopants. In the quantum well hierarchy that has emerged over the last decade (i.e., quantum wells, wires and dots), quantum dots are the extreme quasi zero-dimensional case. They are, in a sense, large man-made atoms (100–200 A in diameter). An ideal quantum wire, on the other hand, is the electrical analog of a single mode optical fiber.
A framework for summarizing game experiences as narratives

Online role playing games may be enjoyed periodically for months or years at a time. Players often log onto the game and play for a short time, and then log off for a long period of time before returning to the game, even though events continue in the persistent game world. Providing a summary of events that have occurred while a player was away from the game would help the player maintain game context. In this paper, we present a computational framework that generates a summary from game log messages.
Two-Dimensional Water-Coupled Metallic MoS2 with Nanochannels for Ultrafast Supercapacitors

MoS2 is a promising electrode material for energy storage. However, the intrinsic multilayer pure metallic MoS2 (M-MoS2) has not been investigated for use in supercapacitors. Here, an ultrafast rate supercapacitor with extraordinary capacitance using a multilayer M-MoS2–H2O system is first investigated. Intrinsic M-MoS2 with a monolayer of water molecules covering both sides of nanosheets is obtained through a hydrothermal method with water as solvent. The super electrical conductivity of the as-prepared pure M-MoS2 is beneficial to electron transport for high power supercapacitor. Meanwhile, nanochannels between the layers of M-MoS2–H2O with a distance of ∼1.18 nm are favorable for increasing the specific space for ion diffusion and enlarging the surface area for ion adsorption. By virtue of this, M-MoS2–H2O reaches a high capacitance of 380 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and still maintains 105 F/g at scan rate of 10 V/s. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of the symmetric supercapacitor based on M-MoS...
Multilevel Factorial Invariance in n-Level Structural Equation Modeling (nSEM)

We present a multigroup multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model and a procedure for testing multilevel factorial invariance in n-level structural equation modeling (nSEM). Multigroup multilevel CFA introduces a complexity when the group membership at the lower level intersects the clustered structure, because the observations in different groups but in the same cluster are not independent of one another. nSEM provides a framework in which the multigroup multilevel data structure is represented with the dependency between groups at the lower level properly taken into account. The procedure for testing multilevel factorial invariance is illustrated with an empirical example using an R package xxm2.
Some Design Guidelines for Discrete-Time Adaptive Controllers*

Abstract There have heen many algorithms proposed for adaptive control which will provide globally asymptotically stable controllers if some stringent conditions on the plant fire met. The conditions all the plant cannot he met in practice as all plants will contain high frequency unmodeled dynamics. This paper uses a lillearization allalysis of a non-linear adaptive controller to demonstrate analytically some design guidelines which alleviate some of the problems associated with adaptive control in the presence of unmodeled dynamics. The points made are further demonstrated by simulation results.
A Randomized Comparison between an Intravenous Catheter System with a Retractable Guidewire and Conventional Intravenous Catheters

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to compare an intravenous (IV) catheter system which uses a retractable guidewire (RG-IV) designed to facilitate IV placement with a conventional IV (C-IV) cath...
Lessons from Volunteering and Free/Libre Open Source Software Development for the Future of Work *

In this paper, we review research on voluntary organizations to identify key features of and problems in volunteer work and organizations. We then use the example of free/libre open source software (FLOSS) development teams to examine how those features and problems apply in this situation and how they might be affected by the use of information and communications technologies (ICT). We suggest that understanding volunteer organizations can illuminate the changing nature of all knowledge work, paid as well as unpaid.
Early Small Bowel Obstruction after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass: A Surgical Emergency

Abstract Background Early small bowel obstruction (ESBO; within 30 d of surgery) after laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB) is reported in .5% to 5.2% of primary cases, but it is associated with significant morbidity, and the treatment is not standardized. Objectives To review prevalence, causes, management, and outcomes of patients treated for ESBO after LRYGB. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Methods Retrospective review to identify consecutive patients who underwent primary LRYGB and those who developed ESBO from January 2000 through June 2017. Data included demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, LRYGB technical details, and ESBO clinical presentation, location, causes, treatment, and outcomes. Results One thousand seven hundred seventeen patients (84.2% females) had LRYGB. Mean age and body mass index was 42.4 ± 11.1 years and 48.2 ± 7.3 kg/m 2 , respectively. Twenty-nine patients (1.7%) had ESBO. All patients presented with symptoms, most commonly nausea and vomiting (n = 17), on average 4.1 ± 5.9 days postoperatively; most required reoperation (n = 23, 79.3%) and 5 required >1 reoperation. Location of the obstruction and treatment used were the following: (1) jejuno-jejunostomy (n = 17, 58.6%; narrowing or clot), treated with reoperation in 11; and (2) other than at the jejuno-jejunostomy (n = 12, 41.4%; trocar site, incisional or internal hernia, adhesions, mesenteric ischemia), treated with reoperation in all. All ESBO patients had additional complications, 6 (20.1%) developed an anastomotic leak, and 2 (6.9%) died. Conclusion ESBO infrequently occurs after LRYGB; many causes are technique related and possibly preventable. However, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A high index of clinical suspicion, rapid and appropriate imaging, and prompt operative intervention are recommended.
Systems of Evaluation and the Matthew Effect

Existing research on the Matthew Effect establishes that this dynamic can alter information flow and the distribution of rewards in ways that lead to cumulating advantages for high status actors. W...
Are the Politics of the Christian Right Linked to State Rates of the Nonreligious? The Importance of Salient Controversy:

Hout and Fischer have made the repeated, controversial claim that the dramatic rise of “religious nones” in the United States is due to the prominence of the politics of the Christian Right. As the argument goes, the movement’s extreme stands on gay rights and abortion make religion inhospitable to those who take more moderate and liberal positions. We take another look at this proposition with novel data drawing on expert reports and interest group counts that capture the prominence of the movement in each American state from 2000 to 2010. We attach these data to decennial religious census data on the unchurched, as well as estimates of the nones from Cooperative Congressional Election Study data. At stake is whether religion is independent of political influence and whether American religion is sowing its own fate by failing to limit taking extreme stands. Rising none rates are more common in Republican states in this period. Moreover, when the Christian Right comes into more public conflict, such as ov...
Solid-state high-order harmonics driven by long-wavelength lasers

High-order harmonic generation (HHG), resulting from the interaction of an intense laser field with an atomic or molecular gas, has been of great importance to the study of ultrafast dynamics for more than two decades. In the last several years, HHG has been observed in condensed matter systems driven by intense mid-infrared lasers. Investigations of HHG from solids can offer new capabilities for studying electronic structure and ultrafast carrier dynamics in photo-excited materials. However, HHG from solids is not yet well-understood, and even the generation mechanism cannot be uniquely determined in many systems. In this paper, we experimentally investigate HHG driven in solids by a high-power femtosecond optical parametric amplifier, producing mid-IR driving pulses with tunable central wavelength and >10 μJ pulse energy. We generate coherent high order harmonic radiation in ZnO and Si crystals, and characterize the dependence of the harmonic spectrum on the 3D crystal orientation. We further compress the driving pulse duration to below three optical cycles and investigate the resulting high-order harmonic spectrum. Moreover, we investigate the potential to generate harmonics in novel materials with the goal of probing the ultrafast dynamics arising from strong-field photo-excitation in such materials.
Skeletal Muscle Mass and Architecture of the World’s Strongest Raw Powerlifter: A Case Study

Introduction: World powerlifting records within the super heavyweight class are typically held by those with not only the greatest absolute muscle strength but also the greatest amount of skeletal muscle mass (SM). Case Presentation: We examined the absolute and relative SM and muscle architecture of a 30 year old drug-free raw (i.e. without the use of powerlifting supportive equipment) powerlifter (1.84 m standing height and 183.1 kg body mass) who competes in the super heavyweight division and holds world records in the squat (477.5 kg), deadlift (392.5 kg), and total (1105 kg). Because the MRI magnet is too small for very large athletes, we used an ultrasound prediction equation to estimate SM. We also used ultrasound to determine muscle architecture (isolated muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length). This powerlifter had large values of fat-free mass (138.6 kg) and total SM (58.0 kg) compared with previously published values. When calculating the powerlifting performance per unit SM, this lifter not only had high levels of absolute strength but also had high levels of relative strength per unit SM, particularly in the squat. Similarly, muscle thickness and pennation angle of the vastus lateralis were close to the highest values previously reported in the literature. Conclusions: These results suggest that this powerlifter may be close to a physiologic limit with respect to muscle size and geometry.
Particulate Toughening in the MgAl2O4-xTiO2 System

Particulate toughened ceramic-ceramic composites in the MgAl2O4: xTiO2 system were produced with x ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 mole fraction of TiO2. The materials were prepared “by a chemical processing technique to produce controlled microstructures. The starting materials for powder preparation were alkoxides of Mg, Al, and Ti. Mixed alkoxides were pyrolyzed to yield homogeneous and reactive powders. Specimens of various compositions were prepared “by cold pressing and sintering at 1500C for 5 hrs. Specimens of one composition, containing 0.3 mole fraction TiO2, were also prepared “by uniaxial hot pressing at 1500C for 0.5 hr. The hot pressed samples were subsequently aged at 1500C for 1.5, 4.5 and l6 hrs to provide controlled microstructural coarsening. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the specimens to be magnesium aluminate spinel, with a second phase identified as a magnesium aluminum titanate in the materials doped with TiO2. For the sintered specimens the fracture toughness increased from 1.33 to 3.09 MPa-m1/2, with the addition of 0.5 mole TiO2 (cf. the nominal value of 1.9 for dense polycrystalline spinel). The as-hot pressed specimens showed a fracture toughness of 1.93 MPa-m1/2, which increased to 2.82 MPa-m1/2 with the maximum aging time.
Mental Health Services for American Indians and Alaska Natives: Need, Use, and Barriers to Effective Care

This special review summarizes and illustrates the state of our knowledge regarding the mental health needs of American Indians and Alaska Natives. These needs are considerable and pervasive. The discussion begins by reflecting on the limits of psychiatric nomenclature and conceptual frameworks for revealing Native constructions of mental health and mental illness. The experience and manifestation of psychopathology can be both different and the same across cultures, hinging upon the extent to which such basic assumptions as the relationship of mind to body--and spirit in the case of Native people--or the primacy of the individual or social collective are shared. Having set the stage, this paper moves to recent empirical evidence regarding the mental health needs of American Indians and Alaska Natives: we review that evidence and consider it within the broader context of available services. The report closes with a brief overview of the most pressing issues and forces for change afoot in Indian country in the US. Most have to do with the structure and financing of care as tribes and other Native community-based organizations seek to balance self-determination and resource management to arrive at effective, fiscally responsible, culturally informed prevention, treatment, and aftercare options for their members. These changes may herald similar trends among First Nations people to the immediate north.
Extended Range Low Temperature Small Sample Calorimetry

A calorimeter capable of measuring the heat capacity of 1 mg size samples from 4.2 to 100 K has been designed, constructed, and tested. The calorimeter is easy to construct and uses a simple measurement technique. The sample is bonded to the end of a 51µm (0.002 inch) diameter, 0.5 cm long chromel-constantan thermocouple (type E) and heated optically with a laser and fiber optic. The thermocouple, which serves not only as the temperature sensor of the sample but also as the thermal link between the sample and a constant temperature reservoir, is anchored to a copper block, which acts as the constant temperature reservoir. Heat capacity is determined from the sample’s temperature rate of decay using a sweep method. An advantage of this calorimeter is the low addenda heat capacity of the thermocouple. Early experiments using copper samples have confirmed the validity of the design. The results of an experiment using a 1.1 mg copper sample agree (within expected uncertainty) with the accepted heat capacity of copper from 7 to 100 K. One factor in the uncertainty is the large heat capacity of the grease (Apiezon N) used to bond the sample to the tip of the thermocouple, especially below 15 K.
A first-order theory of communicating first-order formulas

This paper presents a theory of informative communications among agents that allows a speaker to communicate to a hearer truths about the state of the world; the occurrence of events, including other communicative acts; and the knowledge states of any agent — speaker, hearer, or third parties — any of these in the past, present, or future — and any logical combination of these, including formulas with quantifiers. We prove that this theory is consistent, and compatible with a wide range of physical theories. We examine how the theory avoids two potential paradoxes, and discuss how these paradoxes may pose a danger when this theory are extended.
Tribology of Materials and the Effect of Microstructure

This paper will focus on wear and friction behavior of materials where influences from microstructure, including ultra-fine microstructure (UFM), are significant. It will compare results among some conventional and advanced materials. Recalling that both wear and friction are actually system properties, materials can be compared in different combinations, for example a material pair consisting of one UFM material and one conventional material. In fact some type of material combination is commonly found when new materials are introduced into engineering practice. Most of the discussion will concern sliding or rolling contact, and the resulting system wear and friction, since these are the most common applications found. Some discussion will also be given concerning impact or erosion as a form of wear, and also corrosion processes that affect material durability in tribological service. In applications of tribological systems, the environment may be either a gas, a liquid — possibly a lubricant — , or even solid particulates. It is frequently true that the environment places the most severe requirements on the choice of a tribomaterial. A discussion of some possible areas for introduction of UFM materials will be given, pointing out several areas of property requirements that are crucial in this process.
From Disability in Resource-Poor Settings to Policy and Research Opportunities in Global Health.

The author discusses the need for better treatment of disabilities particularly in resource-poor countries. She mentions the lack of standards to measure disabilities, government policies regarding people with disabilities, and the need to improve research and policies.
Statistical optimization of stress level in Mg-Li-Al alloys upon hot compression testing

Abstract In the present study, a response optimization method using Extreme Vertices Mixer Design (EVMD) approach is proposed for stress optimization in a thermomechanically processed Mg-Li-Al alloy. Experimentation was planned as per mixed design proportions of Mg, Li and Al and process variables (i.e. temperature and strain rate). Each experiment has been performed under different conditions of factors proportions and process variables. The response, particularly stress has been considered for each experiment. The response is optimized to find an optimum condition when the contributing factors influence material characteristics in such a way, to achieve better strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. Estimated regression coefficient table for response has been observed to identify the important factors in this process and significantly high variance inflation factor has been observed. Most importantly, an optimum condition is achieved from this analysis which fulfills the experimental observations and theoretical assumptions.
Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Barriers to Joy in Medicine.

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses physician burnout with Dr. Christine Sinsky.
The Decay b→sγ in the 3-3-1 Model

The 3–3–1 model, based on the gauge group SU(3)c×SU(3)L×U(1)X, makes a natural prediction of three generations based on anomaly cancellation. Since this is accomplished by incorporating the third family of quarks differently from the other two, it leads to potentially large flavor-changing neutral currents. A sensitive place to look for such effects is the flavor-changing b→sγ decay, which has recently been measured at CLEO. We compute this decay rate in the 3–3–1 model and compare it with that of the two-Higgs-doublet model, a subset of the full 3–3–1 model. We find that the additional 3–3–1 physics weakens the bound on the charged Higgs mass from MH+>290 GeV to MH+≳120 GeV.
Rapid cycle deliberate practice improves and sustains paediatric resident PALS performance

Objectives Paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest resuscitation is a critically important skill but infrequently used in clinical practice. Therefore, resuscitation knowledge relies heavily on formal training which is vulnerable to rapid knowledge decay. We evaluate knowledge and skill retention post-training using rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP). Design Pilot, non-blinded, single-arm study. Setting Pediatric Simulation Center at Children’s of Alabama. Participants 42 paediatric residents at a large, tertiary care, academic children’s hospital were enrolled in this simulation-based resuscitation study. Interventions Each participant led a 7 min preintervention arrest scenario as a baseline test. After testing, participants were trained individually in the paediatric advanced life support (PALS) skills necessary for resuscitation of a patient in pulseless electrical activity and ventricular fibrillation using RCDP—a simulation method using frequent expert feedback and repeated opportunities for the learner to incorporate new learning. Immediately post-training, participants were retested as leaders of a different paediatric arrest scenario. 3 months post-training participants returned to complete a final simulation scenario. Main outcome measures To evaluate knowledge and skill retention following PALS training. Results Preintervention data demonstrated poor baseline resident performance with an average PALS score of 52%. Performance improved to 94% immediately post-training and this improvement largely persisted at 3 months, with an average performance of 81%. In addition to improvements in performance, individual skills improved including communication, recognition of rhythms, early chest compressions and rapid administration of epinephrine or defibrillation. Conclusions RCDP training was associated with significant improvements in resident performance during simulated paediatric resuscitation and high retention of those improvements.
D\'ej\`a vu: A Contextualized Temporal Attention Mechanism for Sequential Recommendation

Predicting users' preferences based on their sequential behaviors in history is challenging and crucial for modern recommender systems. Most existing sequential recommendation algorithms focus on transitional structure among the sequential actions, but largely ignore the temporal and context information, when modeling the influence of a historical event to current prediction. In this paper, we argue that the influence from the past events on a user's current action should vary over the course of time and under different context. Thus, we propose a Contextualized Temporal Attention Mechanism that learns to weigh historical actions' influence on not only what action it is, but also when and how the action took place. More specifically, to dynamically calibrate the relative input dependence from the self-attention mechanism, we deploy multiple parameterized kernel functions to learn various temporal dynamics, and then use the context information to determine which of these reweighing kernels to follow for each input. In empirical evaluations on two large public recommendation datasets, our model consistently outperformed an extensive set of state-of-the-art sequential recommendation methods.
Cryo-based structural characterization and growth model of salt film on metal

Abstract Metal salt films play a critical role in high rate dissolution processes such as within an active pit. However, structural and compositional characterization of salt films is challenging owing to the dynamic nature of the dissolving interface. Here, the salt film formed on SS304 one-dimensional artificial pit surface was preserved by flash freezing and characterized using cryo-based focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. The salt film exhibits a porous structure. Ni is co-located with Fe in the salt film, indicating the formation of co-precipitated salt containing Fe2+ and Ni2+. Additionally, a salt film growth model is presented based on ion transport.
The Urgent Need to Better Integrate Neuroscience and Neuroethics

An entire chapter of the BRAIN 2.0 Neuroethics roadmap, and three articles in this special issue (Chiong 2020; Goering and Klein 2020; Salles and Farisco 2020), focus on the topic of integrating neuroscience and neuroethics. This commentary builds upon the insightful suggestions put forth by the roadmap and the three abovementioned articles. First, I argue that any solution to better integration should be grounded in a better understanding of the nature of the divide itself. To that end, I offer initial observations regarding the nature of the rift, specifically with regard to neuroscientists’ perceptions of neuroethics, and suggest that additional work can be conducted to address this issue empirically. Second, I concur with the need for increased funding for training programs and centers of excellence, and add that integration should be bidirectional: instead of just focusing on ethics training for neuroscientists, we should consider how ethicists without prior neuroscience experience can gain more empirical and experiential knowledge of the field, as doing so can enhance the robustness of both domains.
Measuring human leukocyte antigen alloantibodies: beyond a binary decision.

Purpose of review Accurate measurement of human leukocyte antigen antibodies is critical for making clinical decisions treating patients awaiting transplantation or monitoring them post transplantation. Single antigen bead assay results are given as Mean Fluorescence Intensity, falling short of providing the required quantitative measure. Recent findings Titration studies were shown to circumvent the limitation of target-saturation that affect interpretation of single antigen bead assays especially in highly sensitized patients with strong antibodies. In fact, titration information can serve to measure efficacy of antibody removal during pretransplant desensitization using plasmapheresis/intravenous immunoglobulin (PP/IVIg) approaches. Moreover, recent studies indicate that knowing the donor-specific antibody titer has prognostic value that can guide PP/IVIg desensitization treatments. Newer data demonstrates an additional layer of information obtained by titration studies allowing to stratify patients with very high cPRA (>99%) based on the strength of the antibodies present, rather than the breadth. This data can thereby identify patients that are more likely to benefit from desensitization approaches on the transplant wait-list. Summary Titration studies have a prognostic value with regards to quantifying antibody strength. Obtaining this information does not require performing the complete set of dilutions. In fact, performing two to three specific dilutions can provide relevant information while maintaining practical cost.
Delirium Prevention, Detection, and Treatment in Emergency Medicine Settings: A Geriatric Emergency Care Applied Research (GEAR) Network Scoping Review and Consensus Statement.

Background Older adult delirium is often unrecognized in the emergency department (ED), yet the most compelling research questions to overcome knowledge-to-practice deficits remain undefined. The Geriatric Emergency care Applied Research (GEAR) Network was organized to identify and prioritize delirium clinical questions. Methods GEAR identified and engaged 49 transdisciplinary stakeholders including emergency physicians, geriatricians, nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and patient advocates. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews, clinical questions were derived, medical librarian electronic searches were conducted, and applicable research evidence was synthesized for ED delirium detection, prevention, and management. The scoping review served as the foundation for a consensus conference to identify the highest priority research foci. Results In the scoping review, 27 delirium detection "instruments" were described in 48 ED studies and used variable criterion standards with the result of delirium prevalence ranging from 6% to 38%. Clinician gestalt was the most common "instrument" evaluated with sensitivity ranging from 0% to 81% and specificity from 65% to 100%. For delirium management, 15 relevant studies were identified, including one randomized controlled trial. Some intervention studies targeted clinicians via education and others used clinical pathways. Three medications were evaluated to reduce or prevent ED delirium. No intervention consistently prevented or treated delirium. After reviewing the scoping review results, the GEAR stakeholders identified ED delirium prevention interventions not reliant on additional nurse or physician effort as the highest priority research. Conclusions Transdisciplinary stakeholders prioritize ED delirium prevention studies that are not reliant on health care worker tasks instead of alternative research directions such as defining etiologic delirium phenotypes to target prevention or intervention strategies.
Influence of Body Composition on Post-Exercise Parasympathetic Reactivation of Firefighter Recruits

Firefighters have a sustained risk for experiencing a sudden cardiac event after completing a fire call. Heart rate recovery (HRR) can be utilized to characterize autonomic nervous system (ANS) recovery and has been linked to cardiac events. Research suggests that body composition influences post-exercise HRR responses in non-firefighter populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat (BF) on the HRR response of firefighter recruits. BMI (kg·m-2), WC (cm), and BF (%) data from 57 firefighter recruits were collected. HRR (b·min-1) data were collected at completion (HR0), as well as 15 (HR15), 30 (HR30), 45 (HR45), 60 (HR60), 120 (HR120), and 180 (HR180) seconds following a submaximal step test, and commonly utilized clinical HRR indices were calculated (ΔHRR30, ΔHRR60, ΔHRR120, and ΔHRR180). After controlling for sex, linear mixed regression models did not identify significant interactions between body composition (ps > 0.05) and HRR response across time. However, significant (ps < 0.05) indirect semi-partial correlations were identified between BF and ΔHRR30 (rsp = -0.31) and ΔHRR60 (rsp = -0.27), respectively. Reducing overall BF (vs. BMI or WC) should be prioritized to improve the post-exercise ANS recovery of firefighter recruits.
Plasma Nucleosomes Are Associated With Mortality in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Circulating nucleosomes and their component histones have been implicated as pathogenic in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. However, their role in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome is unknown. DESIGN: We performed a prospective cohort study in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome, with plasma collection within 24 hours of acute respiratory distress syndrome onset. We associated nucleosome levels with severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome and with nonpulmonary organ failures and tested for association of nucleosomes with PICU mortality and ventilator-free days at 28 days in univariate and multivariable analyses. We also performed proteomics of DNA-bound plasma proteins in a matched case-control study of septic children with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome in order to identify specific histone proteins elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome. SETTING: Large academic tertiary-care PICU. PATIENTS: Intubated children meeting Berlin criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We enrolled 333 children with acute respiratory distress syndrome, with 69 nonsurvivors (21%). Plasma nucleosomes were correlated with acute respiratory distress syndrome severity and with the number of nonpulmonary organ failures at acute respiratory distress syndrome onset. Nucleosomes were higher (p < 0.001) in nonsurvivors (0.40 [interquartile range, 0.20-0.71] arbitrary units) relative to survivors (0.10 [interquartile range, 0.04-0.25] arbitrary units). Nucleosomes were associated with PICU mortality in multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio 1.84 per 1 sd increase; 95% CI, 1.38-2.45; p < 0.001). Nucleosomes were also associated with a lower probability of being extubated alive by day 28 after multivariable adjustment (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.88; p = 0.001). Proteomic analysis demonstrated higher levels of the core nucleosome histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 in septic children with acute respiratory distress syndrome, relative to septic children without acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma nucleosomes are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome severity, nonpulmonary organ failures, and worse outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Shear Relaxation Governs Dynamic Processes of Biomolecular Condensates

Phase-separated biomolecular condensates must respond agilely to biochemical and environmental cues in performing their wide-ranging cellular functions, but our understanding of condensate dynamics is lagging. Ample evidence now indicates biomolecular condensates as viscoelastic fluids, where shear stress relaxes at a finite rate, not instantaneously as in viscous liquids. Yet the fusion dynamics of condensate droplets has only been modeled based on viscous liquids, with fusion time given by the viscocapillary ratio (viscosity over interfacial tension). Here we used optically trapped polystyrene beads to measure the viscous and elastic moduli and the interfacial tensions of four types of droplets. Our results challenge the viscocapillary model, and reveal that the relaxation of shear stress governs fusion and other dynamic processes of condensates.
Lunar Pole Illumination and Communications Statistics Computed from GSSR Elevation Data

The Goldstone Solar System RADAR (GSSR) group at JPL produced a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the lunar south pole using data obtained in 2006. This model has 40-meter horizontal resolution and about 5-meter relative vertical accuracy. This paper uses that Digital Elevation Model to compute average solar illumination and Earth visibility near the lunar south pole. This data quantifies solar power and Earth communications resources at proposed lunar base locations. The elevation data were converted into local terrain horizon masks, then converted into selenographic latitude and longitude coordinates. The horizon masks were compared to latitude, longitude regions bounding the maximum Sun and Earth motions relative to the moon. Proposed lunar south pole base sites were examined in detail, with the best site showing multi-year averages of solar power availability of 92% and Direct-To-Earth (DTE) communication availability of about 50%. Results are compared with a theoretical model, and with actual sun and Earth visibility averaged over the years 2009 to 2028. Results for the lunar North pole were computed using the GSSR DEM of the lunar North pole produced in 1997. The paper also explores using a heliostat to reduce the photovoltaic power system mass and complexity.
Keyword-spotting and speech onset detection in EEG-based Brain Computer Interfaces

The growing intervention of automated speech recognition applications in everyday life drives improvement in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) for speech processing. By incorporating ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition)-based “keyword spotting” or “wake up commands”, we provide techniques for assessing when a BCI should start decoding, improving accuracy and efficiency for end users. Here, we use high density scalp EEG collected while participants listened to continuous speech in an audio-only, clear context, or while they watched highly noisy, naturalistic audiovisual movie clips. We designed three speech processing deep learning models: A sentence spotter (SS) model, Phoneme vs. Silence (PS) classifier and finally, Audio vs. Audio-visual (AV) stimuli induced EEG response classifier. The overall goal of this study is to design and examine the performance of these techniques for various speech processing applications. We use Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) neural network architectures and evaluated them on 16 participants' EEG data. We show 98.15% accuracy for our AV classifier, 98.56 F1 score on SS model and 70.33 F1 score on the PS model. 11Please refer to https://github.com/Madhusakth/BCI-Sentence-Silence-Spotter for the code.
An Open Trial of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With an Adjunctive Mobile App for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Abstract Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and debilitating condition. Effective treatments exist, but they are time- and resource-intensive. This study tested the initial efficacy and acceptability of a novel treatment protocol designed to increase efficiency: acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) taught in groups and through an adjunctive mobile app. Participants were 21 individuals with GAD who received six weeks of 2-hour group ACT sessions as well as access to an adjunctive ACT mobile app. Significant improvements occurred in worry, anxiety, social functioning, and depression as well as relevant processes (psychological inflexibility, anxiety-related cognitive fusion). In-the-moment improvements were also observed in symptoms and ACT processes immediately after completing mobile app sessions. Treatment was perceived as credible and acceptable overall. However, rates of reliable and clinically significant change were low, and app usage did not correlate with change in worry. Overall, this study suggests that an efficient, brief ACT group intervention combined with a mobile app may lead to improvements in GAD but may not be sufficient for clinically significant change. A detailed overview of the treatment is included, and guidance for clinicians interested in implementing this protocol is discussed.
Endocrine Surgical Procedures During COVID-19: Patient Prioritization and Time to Surgery.

Abstract Background We tracked endocrine surgery patients with treatment delays due to COVID-19 to investigate the relationship between physician assigned priority scoring (PAPS), the Medically Necessary, Time Sensitive (MeNTS) scoring system and delay to surgery. Material & Methods Patients scheduled for endocrine surgery or clinically evaluated during COVID-19-related elective surgery hold at our institution (2/26/20–5/1/20) were prospectively enrolled. PAPS was assigned based on categories of high, moderate, or low risk, consistent with the American College of Surgeons’ priority system. MeNTS scores were calculated. The primary outcome was delay to surgery. Descriptive statistics were performed, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated for PAPS and MeNTS. Results Of 146 patients included, 68% (n = 100) were female; the median age was 60 years (IQR:43,67). Mean delay to surgery was significantly shorter (P = 0.01) in patients with high PAPS (35 d), compared with moderate (61 d) and low (79 d) PAPS groups. MeNTS scores were provided for 105 patients and were analyzed by diagnosis. Patients with benign thyroid disease (n = 17) had a significantly higher MeNTS score than patients with thyroid disease which was malignant/suspicious for malignancy (n = 44) patients (51.5 versus 47.6, P = 0.034). Higher PAPS correlated well with a delay to surgery of Conclusion PAPS better predicted delay to surgery than MeNTS scores. PAPS may incorporate more complex components of clinical decision-making which are not captured in the MeNTS score.
State Flow-based Real-Time Control of Storage Units in Smart Grids

In this paper, a state flow-based real-time control of energy storage units is presented for power balance using distributed storage in smart grids. Three different types of storage units are considered. A state flow chart was designed using the three storage units having various power capacities, terminal voltages, states of charge, depths of discharge, and frequencies of use. The states of the storage units such as (dis)charged, (dis)charging, or standby were determined. Three different square wave input signals were generated to evaluate the interaction between the three energy storage units, and the resulting charge level for each storage system was observed. The approach was successful in maintaining a balance of the total power and the frequency of use of the storage units. The approach could be applied to increasing the adoption of grid-tied storage units and electric vehicles in the world.
Guide to Ethical Practice in Psychotherapy

AUTONOMY: Promotion of Autonomy Autonomy and Dependency Autonomy and Group Clients, Psychodiagnostic Testing and Research FIDELITY: The Nature of the Relationship The Promise of Confidentiality JUSTICE: The Principle of Justice BENEFICENCE: The Principle of Beneficence NONMALEFICENCE:Potential Harmful Effects of Psychotherapy on Individual and Group Clients Regulation by Professional Associations Licensure and Protection of the Public Malpractice The Tarasoff Case Child Abuse Suicide SELF-INTEREST: The Principle of Self-Interest.
Food Choice Is Multifaceted, Contextual, Dynamic, Multilevel, Integrated, and Diverse

Eating is broadly conceptualized as food choice. Food choice is a complex activity with many dimensions. Food choice is multifaceted as it involves whether, where, when, how long, how, why, with whom, for whom, and under what conditions eating occurs. Food choice is contextual as it is situated within specific conditions and settings involving both individuals and institutions. Food choice is dynamic as it unfolds and is embedded in eating episodes over lifetimes within historical eras. Food choice is multilevel as physical, biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors operate simultaneously and interact. Food choice is integrated as people coordinate many considerations to construct specific eating activities. Food choice is diverse in its broad scope of distinct and unique eating activities. Food choice can be examined using both multi-perspective and multi-purpose approaches, and it may not be possible to integrate different perspectives into a unified approach to understanding and changing food choice.
Performance trade-offs and optimization of low side low voltage integrated FETs

The performance trade-offs associated with low side low voltage integrated thin resurf LDMOS (lateral FET) devices are discussed. It is shown that, in junction isolation (JI) technologies using a p-substrate, a suitably optimized isolated drain LDMOS device architecture offers significant benefits over the non-isolated drain low side device, especially for applications which do not require true unclamped inductive switching capability.
Efficient security policy enforcement for the mobile environment

In the last decade, mobile communication has enjoyed unprecedented growth all over the world. The recent advances in mobile communication technologies including Global Positioning System (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) have propelled the growth of a number of mobile services. Typically, these require maintaining the mobile objects’ location and profile information and efficiently serving access requests on the past, present and future status of the moving objects. This creates inherent security and privacy challenges. One solution to this is to specify security policies to ensure controlled access. However, this significantly degrades system performance. To alleviate this, Atluri and Guo have proposed an unified index structure, S TPR-tree, to organize both the moving objects and authorizations specified over them. A significant limitation of this approach is that it is unable to store past location information of objects and is therefore not capable of supporting security policies based on tracking of mobile users. In this paper, we propose a new unified index structure, called the S PPF -tree, which maintains past, present and future positions of the moving objects along with authorizations by employing partial persistent storage. Besides demonstrating how the S PPF -tree can be constructed and maintained, we provide algorithms to process queries where either the subject or the object or both are mobile. We provide a comprehensive experimental evaluation to establish the scalability and performance of our approach.
A simplified and unified space vector PWM algorithm for multi-level diode clamped VSI

In this paper, a simplified and unified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for multi-level diode clamped (DC) voltage source inverter (VSI) is proposed. The traditional SVPWM method for two-level inverter is not very difficult to implement. However, it becomes more and more complex and difficult to realize as the level number of the inverter increases. Based on the relationship between SVPWM and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for two-level inverter and a simplified SVPWM algorithm for two-level inverter, a simplified and unified SVPWM algorithm for multi-level (N≥3) DC VSI is developed. Modulation implicit functions of SVPWM are derived from modulation implicit functions of SPWM, and the simplified SVPWM algorithm is obtained by decomposition of modulation implicit functions of SVPWM. Compared with the conventional SVPWM algorithm, the simplified and unified SVPWM algorithm can be more easily implemented in a digital device because the algorithm directly uses the instantaneous values of three phase reference voltages to calculate actual gating time for each inverter leg. Unlike the conventional SVPWM algorithm which needs coordinate transformations, trigonometric calculations, sector number identification etc., the state of each power switch can be determined directly and easily without much calculation by using the simplified algorithm. The advantages of new method are that realization of SVPWM is greatly simplified and complexity increases little as the number of inverter level increases. The simulation results show that proposed method is valid and feasible.