cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) pumps

19602 Background: More than half of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will develop hepatic metastases. Most patients with hepatic metastases will recur within two years after resection. Hep...
Women Chiefs in Sierra Leone, the Challenges of Traditional Leadership in Post-War Statebuilding

The effort to include women in expanded roles in post-conflict state building has relied on a variety of political initiatives including international agreements and new NGO’s. However, this paper looks at efforts to re-configure and strengthen an old role for women political actors, that of women political leaders of chiefdoms, one of the smallest political units of local government within the state structure. During the war, women chiefs were under tremendous pressure both because of their gender and as supporters of the national government and economic status quo. How have they fared in the years since the war? Indeed, more women chiefs were elected in the immediate post-war era, than had been the case in the years before the war. Do these traditional women leaders participate in a progressive agenda for social and economic change? Do these women leaders respond to the calls for state and civil society to address the needs of grassroots women? Do they play any role in the calls to include women in all levels of policy post-conflict?
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Did Not Differ from Placebo in Preventing Clinically Important Deep Venous Thrombosis After Surgical Repair of Leg Fracture.

Selby R, Geerts WH, Kreder HJ, Crowther MA, Kaus L, Sealey F; D-KAF (Dalteparin in Knee-to-Ankle Fracture) Investigators. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of the prevention of clinically important venous thromboembolism after isolated lower leg fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 May;29(5):224-30. ### Question: In patients having surgery for fractures distal to the knee, does low-molecular-weight heparin prevent clinically important venous thromboembolism (CIVTE)? ### Design: Randomized (allocation concealed), blinded (patients, clinicians, and outcome assessors), controlled trial with 3 months of follow-up. ### Setting: 13 hospitals in Canada. ### Patients: 265 patients (mean age, 48 years, 52% men) undergoing leg fracture fixation were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were presentation >72 hours after injury, ongoing requirement for anticoagulation, other major trauma, active uncontrolled bleeding, contraindications to the use of contrast medium, previous deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), active cancer, lower extremity vascular injury requiring intervention, bleeding disorder or major bleeding in the past 4 weeks, or hypercoagulable state. 258 …
Bargaining with the Real Boss: How the Joint-Employer Doctrine Can Expand Student-Athlete Unionization to the NCAA as an Employer

College sports at the Division I level are in disarray. At the forefront of the problem is the question of how to put a price tag on education. This is because student-athletes, particularly those who receive full tuition scholarships to play NCAA sports, are the wheels that turn a $12 billion per year industry despite the fact that they receive no paychecks for their commitments. Instead, they are given an opportunity to receive an education that for non-athletes, may cost as much as $40,000 per year. However, in comparison, the NFL is a $9 billion dollar industry, where multi-million dollar players contracts are the norm. As a result, the labor rights movement for student-athletes is at a boiling point. In 2014, the Director of Region Thirteen National Labor Relations Board, Peter Sung Ohr, gave way to a short-lived victory for CAPA, by finding it was a “labor organization” with collective-bargaining rights toward its university “employer,” Northwestern. Northwestern requested review immediately, and on August 17, 2015, the full National Labor Relations Board (the Board) dismissed CAPA’s petition, citing a lack of jurisdiction over the field of NCAA universities. In other words, a private union from Northwestern could fall under the NLRA, but the NLRB would not have jurisdiction over the majority of American universities, which are public institutions, Therefore, even had the full Board upheld CAPA as a viable bargaining unit, players at public universities would have been unable to seek the labor protections available to their private-university counterparts. College sports would have been in disarray with a fragmented unionization efforts, so the Board avoided the merits of the issue and ruled on procedural grounds.However, shortly after the Northwestern decision, the Board decided a labor dispute involving the joint-employer doctrine in Browning-Ferris Industries of California. The stakes in that case implicated the well-known corporation, McDonald’s, which is the example that this Note uses to illustrate several points. Using the McDonald’s example, the issue was whether employees at McDonald’s — who appear to be employed by both a McDonald’s franchisee and the parent corporation — could hold the parent company (McDonald’s Corp.) liable for labor violations committed at the franchisee-level. In Browning, the Board ruled that franchise-level employees can bring these claims against their true employer, like McDonald’s Corp. And interestingly, college sports are structured in a very similar way, with universities entering contracts with the NCAA to employ student-athletes via scholarships to work within their respective sports programs. This Note provides the first-ever application of the joint-employer doctrine to student-athlete labor, to provide the means to bargain with their real boss, the NCAA — their private-sector “employer.”
SUPCRTBL: A revised and extended thermodynamic dataset and software package of SUPCRT92

Abstract The computer-enabled thermodynamic database associated with SUPCRT92 ( Johnson et al., 1992 ) enables the calculation of the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, aqueous species, and reactions for a wide range of temperatures and pressures. However, new data on the thermodynamic properties of both aqueous species and minerals have become available since the database’s initial release in 1992 and its subsequent updates. In light of these developments, we have expanded SUPCRT92’s thermodynamic dataset and have modified the accompanying computer code for thermodynamic calculations by using newly available properties. The modifications in our new version include: (1) updating the standard state thermodynamic properties for mineral end-members with properties from Holland and Powell (2011) to improve the study of metamorphic petrology and economic geology; (2) adding As-acid, As-metal aqueous species, and As-bearing minerals to improve the study of environmental geology; (3) updating properties for Al-bearing species, SiO 2 ° (aq) and HSiO 3 - , boehmite, gibbsite, and dawsonite for modeling geological carbon sequestration. The new thermodynamic dataset and the modified SUPCRT92 program were implemented in a software package called SUPCRTBL, which is available online at www.indiana.edu/~hydrogeo/supcrtbl.html .
Lifetime of the First Excited P 1 1 State of Mg and Ba; hfs of Ba 137

The lifetime of the first excited $^{1}P_{1}$ state of Mg and Ba has been obtained from the measured width of the zero-field level-crossing signal in the scattering of resonance radiation from an atomic beam of these elements. The results are $\ensuremath{\tau}(\mathrm{Mg})=(1.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec and $\ensuremath{\tau}(\mathrm{Ba})=(8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec. These results are compared with previous measurements and in conjunction with other experimental results are used to obtain the intermediate coupling coefficients for the mixing of the $^{1}P_{1}$ and $^{3}P_{1}$ states. From a measurement of the one observable high-field level crossing in ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{137}$, the dipole coupling constant for the $6s6p^{1}P_{1}$ state is found to be - 113.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 Mc/sec in good agreement with the results of Jackson and Tuan. The quadrupole moment of the ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{137}$ is calculated to be 0.20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ from the data of Jackson and Tuan.
Management of inflammatory bowel disease: 30 years of observation.

Management of inflammatory bowel disease has become more precise and effective in the last 30 years, ensuring long, productive lives for most patients. Data such as family history, duration of disease, the onset of complications, and type of therapy are presented from 450 patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated during a 10-year period ending in 1984. The incidence of general complications over three decades is compared. Perianal disease and intestinal obstructions dominate complications of Crohn’s disease. The most common nongastrointestinal complication for patients with either disease is monarticular large joint arthritis. Approximately 75% of patients with Crohn’s disease will eventually undergo surgery. In the first decade of data collection, 50% of patients with ulcerative colitis had surgery; in the second decade, 26%; and in the third decade, 39%. The changing percentages correspond initially to advances in medical therapy and then to advances in surgical therapy.
Large Cross Sections for Quasielastic Neutron-Pickup Reactions Induced by 37 Cl, 48 Ti, and 58 Ni on 208 Pb

Large cross sections for neutron-pickup reactions have been observed for $^{37}\mathrm{Cl}$, $^{48}\mathrm{Ti}$, and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ + $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at incident energies of 250, 300, and 375 MeV, respectively. These reactions, which occur with energy losses of only \ensuremath{\sim}5 MeV, contribute about 25% to the total reaction cross section.
THE EFFECTS OF DATA ASSOCIATION ON SENSOR MANAGER SYSTEMS

Surveillance systems tracking multiple targets often do not have the sensing or computational resources to apply all sensors to all targets in the allocated time intervals. Hence, sensor management schemes have recently been proposed to reduce the tracking demands on these systems while minimizing the loss of tracking performance by selecting only enough sensing resources to maintain a desired covariance level for each target. However, covariance control algorithms to date have not addressed the presence of clutter measurements and the need for data association in those cases. This paper presents a method of reducing the effects of data association on covariance control algorithms through the addition of a scalar "loss of information" parameter. Monte Carlo simulations show that without this parameter, the covariance control system is unable to maintain the desired covariance, resulting in a much larger actual covariance level and ultimately a much higher rate of track loss. Use of the loss of information parameter generally restores system performance. Further insights guide the selection of effective covariance goals.
Twitter: Big data opportunities

In their Policy Forum “The parable of Google Flu: Traps in big data analysis” (14 March, p. [1203][1]), D. Lazer et al. remark upon recent failures of Google Flu Trends (GFT) and cast these as limitations of big data analysis in general. However, many of these limitations have been overcome by
A Collagen/DBP Sponge System Designed for in Vitro Analysis of Chondroinduction

In response to subcutaneous implants of demineralized bone powder (DBP), cells are attracted to the DBP, are converted to chondroblasts, and produce a cartilage matrix that is resorbed and replaced by bone. In order to define the cellular mechanisms of this induction, we developed a collagen sponge model for simulating the in vivo environment and for promoting the ingrowth and viability of cells cultured in them in vitro. Reconstituted pepsin-digested type I collagen from bovine hide was neutralized. Rat DBP (75-250 μm) was added into the collagen mixture (20 mg/ml). In order to simulate the connective tissue environment, modified chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, or hyaluronic acid was added into the mixture. Aliquots (0.2 ml) were placed in 3/8 inch diameter molds and freeze-dried. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured from minced fresh tissue and inoculated at 1.5 × 105 cells/sponge. Fifteen hours later, some sponges were transferred to medium which contained growth factors (PDGF or TGF-s). At intervals, samples were examined histologically. The inoculated cells attached to the collagen fibers and migrated into the sponge. Eventually the sponges contracted and acquired an oval shape. Cells on or near DBP were ovoid or stellate in shape. Cell morphology was modulated by glycosaminoglycan composition of the sponge. Increasing doses of PDGF or TGF-s promoted cellularity within the sponges. In conclusion, this system simulates the in vivo environment but allows accessibility for analysis. This three-dimensional matrix culture system will enable investigation of mechanisms of chondroinduction by morphogenic material.
A Study Of The Security Of Electronic Medical Records Utilizing Six Knowledge Categories And Subjects Demographics

Healthcare employees with their motivation to comply with security policies play an extremely important role in protecting patients’ privacy. In this research we attempt to survey the attitude of healthcare employees towards security of Electronic Medical Records. We further review what factors impact their perception of the medical data security and determine how well they understand policies, procedures, organization structures, and other aspects related to EMR protection.
Activation of the EIF2α/ATF4 and ATF6 Pathways in DU-145 Cells by Boric Acid at the Concentration Reported in Men at the US Mean Boron Intake

Fruits, nuts, legumes, and vegetables are rich sources of boron (B), an essential plant nutrient with chemopreventive properties. Blood boric acid (BA) levels reflect recent B intake, and men at the US mean intake have a reported non-fasting level of 10 μM. Treatment of DU-145 prostate cancer cells with physiological concentrations of BA inhibits cell proliferation without causing apoptosis and activates eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). EIF2α induces cell differentiation and protects cells by redirecting gene expression to manage endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our objective was to determine the temporal expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-activated genes in DU-145 prostate cells treated with 10 μM BA. Immunoblots showed post-treatment increases in eIF2α protein at 30 min and ATF4 and ATF6 proteins at 1 h and 30 min, respectively. The increase in ATF4 was accompanied by an increase in the expression of its downstream genes growth arrest and DNA damage-induced protein 34 (GADD34) and homocysteine-induced ER protein (Herp), but a decrease in GADD153/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), a pro-apoptotic gene. The increase in ATF6 was accompanied by an increase in expression of its downstream genes GRP78/BiP, calreticulin, Grp94, and EDEM. BA did not activate IRE1 or induce cleavage of XBP1 mRNA, a target of IRE1. Low boron status has been associated with increased cancer risk, low bone mineralization, and retinal degeneration. ATF4 and BiP/GRP78 function in osteogenesis and bone remodeling, calreticulin is required for tumor suppressor p53 function and mineralization of teeth, and BiP/GRP78 and EDEM prevent the aggregation of misfolded opsins which leads to retinal degeneration. The identification of BA-activated genes that regulate its phenotypic effects provides a molecular underpinning for boron nutrition and biology.
Integrated Cardiothoraic Residency Programs: Pros and Cons

This chapter focuses on training pathways for cardiothoracic surgery and the pros and cons of traditional pathways, where trainees enter the specialty after completing general surgery residency, and integrated tracks where students match directly into cardiothoracic surgery out of medical school. We will examine why one pathway might be best for you as an individual, but want to emphasize that both pathways lead to successful training and a fruitful career and there is not one ‘best’ way to pursue cardiothoracic surgery.
A powerful EM analysis tool based on the FD-TD simulation method

Packaging and interconnects not only impact the functional characteristics (the ability and speed with which a given inpnt signal may be modified to some desired and appropriate output signal) of a product, but also how the product performs in any number of applications. These applications can range from military and automotive environments where mechanical integrity must be maintained as well as an ability to operate over a wide margin of temperature extremes. In power distribution appliactions impedance must be kept to a minimum; board layout and packaging have a significant impact in the impedance levels. Further, higher power densities, found in circuits which have increasing device and board densities, must be managed to prevent system failure.
Pattern of pressure gradient alterations after venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension predicts stent-adjacent stenosis: a proposed classification system

Objective Venous sinus stenting (VSS) is a safe and effective treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with angiographic venous sinus stenosis. However, predictors of stent-adjacent stenosis (SAS) remain poorly defined. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 47 patients with IIH and intracranial venous stenosis who underwent VSS with pre- and post-stent venography. Patient characteristics, treatments and outcomes were reviewed. Changes in pressure gradient after VSS were classified according to pattern of gradient resolution into types I–III. Results Type I gradient resolution, in which mean venous pressure (MVP) in the transverse sinus (TS) decreases towards MVP in the sigmoid sinus (SS), occurred in 18 patients (38.3%). Type II gradient resolution pattern, in which SS MVP increases towards that in the TS, occurred in 7patients (14.9%). Type III pattern, in which MVP equilibrates to a middle value, occurred in 22patients (46.8%). SAS occurred in 0%, 28.6%, and 22.7% of patients in types I, II and III, respectively. Compared with patients with type I gradient resolution, SAS was more common in those with type II (p=0.0181) and type III (p=0.0306) patterns. Conclusions The pattern of change in the trans-stenosis venous pressure gradient may be predictive of SAS and is a useful tool for classifying the response of the venous obstruction to stenting. A type I pattern appears to represent the ideal response to VSS. Some patients with type II and III changes, particularly if they have other predictors of recurrent stenosis, may benefit from longer initial stent constructs.
Abstract 260: A miRNA-Hippo Pathway Promotes Cardiac Conduction System Regeneration

The cardiac conduction system (CCS) is required for initiating and maintaining regular rhythmic heartbeats and CCS defects can give rise to cardiac arrhythmia, a leading cause for morbidity worldwide. Given the poor self-repair potential in the adult human CCS, it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanisms limiting CCS regeneration to facilitate developing efficient cardiovascular therapies. microRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that repress gene expression post-transcriptionally. The miR-17-92 cluster can induce cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration. Hippo signaling, an ancient organ size control pathway, represses cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration. Here we found that both miR-17-92 and Hippo signaling were active in CCS. Disruption of either miR-17-92 or Hippo signaling in heart gave rise to cardiac arrhythmias in mice. Notably, miR-17-92 regulates Hippo signaling through repressing Lats2, a core Hippo pathway component. In miR-17-92 null mutant hearts, up-regulated Lats2 led to increased Hippo pathway activity. Moreover, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) using YAP, the Hippo signaling effector, which suggested that Hippo signaling regulates genes involved in CCS homeostasis. Together, we propose a novel miR-Hippo genetic pathway that promotes CCS regeneration.
Joint routing and scheduling control in a two-class network with a flexible server

In this study we analyze a queueing model with a Gurvich structure. In such a network, the controller may route incoming jobs to different classes, but they are routed to the same server. This structure, although it falls into the general class of stochastic processing networks, is somewhat unconventional. We focus on a single-server two-class version of a Gurvich network in this paper. For a Poisson arrival stream and exponential service rates, we develop a Markov decision process representation of the system and prove structural results on optimal routing and scheduling controls. We show that the optimal policy uses $$c\mu $$ scheduling and switching curve routing. We also investigate the fluid model and perturbation expansions thereof, which are useful in deriving near-optimal policies in the original network.
Effect of fish oil on agonist-induced receptor internalization of the PG F2α receptor and cell signaling in bovine luteal cells in vitro.

Abstract Many receptors span the plasma membrane allowing for signal transduction, converting extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Following ligand-induced activation, membrane-bound receptors are taken into endocytic vesicles, where they are targeted for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. The objectives of the present study were to determine the influence of fish oil on (1) PGF2α-induced receptor internalization and trafficking of the PGF2α (FP) receptor, (2) cytoskeletal structural integrity, and (3) PGF2α-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in bovine luteal cells. Bovine ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and corpora lutea (CL; n = 4–6) were digested using collagenase. For all experiments, cells were incubated in either BSA or fish oil–supplemented media for 72 h to allow incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids into biological membranes. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the influence of fish oil on PGF2α-induced receptor internalization and trafficking of the FP receptor and cytoskeletal structural integrity. In addition, Western blotting was used to determine the effects of fish oil on PGF2α-induced MAPK signaling in bovine luteal cells. Results from the present study demonstrate that fish oil disrupts the colocalization of Gαq with both caveola microdomains and FP receptor as well as PGF2α-induced MAPK signaling. This disruption of the FP receptor with the G-protein alpha subunit may be one mechanism by which a MAPK signaling is diminished following the addition of PGF2α. Furthermore, fish oil disrupts FP receptor internalization and endosomal protein trafficking without detectable changes in the cytoskeleton.
Theatre, Performance and Cognition: Languages, Bodies and Ecologies

Theatre, Performance and Cognition: Languages, Bodies and Ecologies embodies the provocation implied by the series title, ‘Interdisciplinary Dialogues’. Editors Rhonda Blair and Amy Cook have curat...
Theories of Coping with Chronic Stress

Although theoretical models of stress processes have distinguished between chronic and acute stressors, the same cannot be said about models of coping, with some notable exceptions (Moos & Schaefer, 1984; Pearl-in, 1989). One area of coping with chronic stress that has received increasing empirical examination is the ways in which patients and their caregivers and families cope with chronic illness. It is an open question, however, whether models of coping developed from an examination of acute stress are adequate for comprehending coping with chronic stress.
Binocular Vergence Eye Movements and the Near Response

The near response is composed of cross-coupled interactions between convergence and other distance-related oculomotor responses including accommodation, vertical vergence, and cyclo-vergence. These couplings serve to guide involuntary motor responses during voluntary shifts of distance and direction of gaze without feedback from retinal-image disparity. They function to optimize the disparity stimulus for stereoscopic depth perception, and extend the range of single vision within the ground plane.
What is the ideal antibiotic prophylaxis for intravesically administered Botox injection? A comparison of two different regimens.

Onabotulinum toxin A (Botox®) administered intravescially is an effective treatment for idiopathic detrusor overactivity, of which urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common complication. The purpose of this study was to compare two prophylactic antibiotic regimens with the goal of decreasing UTI rates following intravesically administered Botox® injection. A retrospective review of two groups of patients undergoing intravesically administered Botox® injections was performed—one with idiopathic and one with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. One group received a dose of ceftriaxone intramuscularly (IM) at the time of Botox® injection, and a second group received a 3-day course of a fluoroquinolone orally starting the day before the procedure. The rate of postprocedure UTI was examined using a χ2 test. A secondary analysis was performed using logistic regression modeling to test the association between clinical characteristics and antibiotic regimen and risk of postprocedure UTIs. Botox® injections were performed on 284 patients: 236 received a single dose of ceftriaxone IM and 48 received 3 days of a fluoroquinolone orally. The UTI rate was significantly lower in the fluoroquinolone group (20.8%) vs. the cephalosporin group (36%), p = 0.04. Predictors of postprocedure UTIs included single dose of antibiotics IM [odds ratio (OR 2.80, p = 0.02] and a positive preprocedure urine culture (OR 1.31, p = 0.03). We found a significantly lower rate of UTIs when patients received a 3-day course of a fluoroquinolone orally as opposed to a single dose of a third-generation cephalosporin IM. Patients with a positive preprocedure culture might benefit from an even longer duration of antibiotics at the time of Botox® injection.
Acyl Glycosides through Stereospecific Glycosyl Cross-Coupling: Rapid Access to C(sp3)-Linked Glycomimetics

Replacement of a glycosidic bond with hydrolytically stable C–C surrogates is an efficient strategy to access glycomimetics with improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties. We describe here a stereoretentive cross-coupling reaction of glycosyl stannanes with C(sp2)- and C(sp3)-thio(seleno)esters suitable for the preparation C-acyl glycosides as synthetic building blocks to obtain C(sp3)-linked and fluorinated glycomimetics. First, we identified a set of standardized conditions employing a Pd(0) precatalyst, CuCl additive, and phosphite ligand that provided access to C-acyl glycosides without deterioration of anomeric integrity and decarbonylation of the acyl donors (>40 examples). Second, we demonstrated that C(sp3)-glycomimetics could be introduced into the anomeric position via a direct conversion of C1 ketones. Specifically, the conversion of the carbonyl group into a CF2 mimetic is an appealing method to access valuable fluorinated analogues. We also illustrate that the introduction of ot...
Interactions between southern Ips bark beetle outbreaks, prescribed fire, and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) mortality

Abstract The southeastern U.S. is considered the “wood-basket” of the world where loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations provide tremendous ecological and economic benefits to the region. These plantations are susceptible to various natural and anthropogenic abiotic and biotic stressors and disturbances. The southern pine engravers, Ips avulsus (Eichhoff), I. calligraphus (Germar), and I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), are considered secondary colonizers of stressed, damaged, and dying loblolly pines. However, they may undergo outbreaks and colonize live pine hosts if environmental conditions cause physiological stress to trees. In 2016, >230 concurrent Ips infestations >2 ha in size were documented in Georgia, U.S., reportedly due to severe drought. In these forests, prescribed burning is often conducted every 2–3 years to reduce fuel-loads, improve wildlife habitat, and manage understory vegetation. However, the effects of low-severity prescribed fire on active southern Ips infestations are unknown; fire may exacerbate or alleviate beetle outbreaks. Our objectives were to: (1) compare Ips infestations between burned and unburned sites to determine the short-term effects of prescribed fire on loblolly pine mortality; and (2) determine which site-level and tree-level variables were the best predictors of short-term levels of tree mortality. We monitored 838 pines on ten sites for eight months following prescribed fire in spring 2017. Overall, 69 (8%) trees died with 3.6 times higher tree mortality on unburned sites, and a higher probability of survival on burned sites. At the site-level, binomial logistic regression models including treatment (unburned versus burned) and time since burn were the best predictors of loblolly pine mortality. At the tree-level, model selection showed that treatment, crown mortality level (1–5), Ips activity level (none, low, medium, and high), and tree diameter provided the best predictions of mortality. Prescribed burning may thus help alleviate pest pressure and increase tree resilience in loblolly pine forests in the southeastern U.S.
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Olefins.

The employed catalyst, an earth-abundant metal cobalt(II) complex based on a pincer-type PNP ligand, shows good functional group and water tolerance to the presented olefin transfer hydrogenation reactions of various aliphatic and aromatic alkenes.
Gender Development: Cultural Differences

This article explores culture-based differences in gender development. In spite of the noticeable differences seen in clothing and other somewhat superficial behaviors, there are indeed many similarities between men and women within various cultural groups, along with notable differences in gendered behaviors across cultural settings. This article examines the role of culture in the development of gendered behaviors, looking at both proximal and distal factors that affect gender development in various cultural settings.
Cardiometabolic thresholds for peak 30-min cadence and steps/day.

Purpose To provide empirically-supported thresholds for step-based intensity (i.e., peak 30-min cadence; average of the top 30 steps/min in a day) and steps/day in relation to cardiometabolic health outcomes. Methods Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 accelerometer-derived step data to determine steps/day and peak 30-min cadence as risk screening values (i.e., thresholds) for fasting glucose, body mass index, waist circumference, high blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Thresholds for peak 30-min cadence and steps/day were derived that, when exceeded, classify the absence of each cardiometabolic risk factor. Additionally, logistic regression models that included the influence of age and smoking were developed using the sample weights, primary sampling units (PSUs), and stratification variables provided by the NHANES survey. Finally, a decision tree analysis was performed to delineate criteria for at-risk versus healthy populations using cadence bands. Results Peak 30-min cadence thresholds across cardiometabolic outcomes ranged from 66-72 steps/min. Steps/day thresholds ranged from 4325-6192 steps/day. Higher thresholds were observed in men compared to women. In men, higher steps/day thresholds were observed in age ranges of 30-39, while in women, higher thresholds were observed in the age-range 50-59 years. Decision trees for classifying being at low risk for metabolic syndrome contained one risk-free leaf at higher cadence bands, specifically for any time accumulated at ≥120 steps/min. Conclusions Minimum thresholds representing absence of cardiometabolic risk range from 4325-6192 steps/day and 66-72 steps/min for peak 30-min cadence. Any time accumulated at ≥120 steps/min was associated with an absence of cardiometabolic risk. Although based on cross-sectional data, these thresholds represent potentially important and clinically interpretable daily physical activity goals.
Three Opportunities for the Future of Juvenile Forensic Assessment

Legal and social circumstances now offer the field of juvenile forensic assessment several opportunities to expand its identity, influence, and value to society. These opportunities include (a) con...
Bulk properties and multi-particle correlations in large and small systems

Abstract Charged particle production is calculated in a hybrid framework consisting of the IP-Glasma initial state, Music viscous relativistic fluid dynamics, and the UrQMD microscopic hadronic cascade. Using one set of parameters, we compute observables for a large variety of collision systems. We compare to experimental data in p+p, p+Pb, Xe+Xe, Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions at various energies, and make predictions for potential O+O runs at RHIC and LHC.
Design of a Double Resonance Sensor for Screening Materials

A double resonance microwave sensor is proposed to distinguish materials by their relative permittivities for quick screening in manufacturing, security and healthcare applications. Two distinct resonant frequencies are utilized as features in a two-dimensional vector space to classify materials. The sensor is designed with the waveguide analysis and by finite-element electromagnetics simulations to achieve desired parameters. The double resonance sensor can identify the relative permittivities of different organic and inorganic materials.
Catalytic strategy for conversion of fructose to organic dyes, polymers, and liquid fuels

We report a process to produce a versatile platform chemical from biomass-derived fructose for organic dye, polymer, and liquid fuel industries. An aldol-condensed chemical (HAH) is synthesized as a platform chemical from fructose by catalytic reactions in acetone/water solvent with non-noble metal catalysts (e.g., HCl, NaOH). Then, selective reactions (e.g., etherification, reduction, dimerization) of the functional groups, such as enone and hydroxyl groups, in the HAH molecule enable applications in organic dyes and polyether precursors. High yields of target products, such as 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) (85.9% from fructose) and HAH (86.3% from HMF) are achieved by sequential dehydration and aldol-condensation with a simple purification process (>99% HAH purity). The use of non-noble metal catalysts, the high yield of each reaction, and the simple purification of the target product allow for beneficial economics of the process. Techno-economic analysis indicates that the process produces HAH at minimum selling price (MSP) of $1958 per ton. The MSP of HAH product allows the economic viability of applications in organic dye and polyether markets by replacing its counterparts, such as anthraquinone ($3200-$3900 per ton) and bisphenol-A ($1360-$1720 per ton).
Principles of Rehabilitation: Occupational and Physical Therapy

The theoretical and scientific foundation of the rehabilitative field supports the acquisition, restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical function for individuals with movement challenges. Focused rehabilitation is on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of a person’s daily living activities, not on identifying a person’s disability. Outcome measures provide an objective gauge of activities and participation within the client’s environment. Rehabilitative goals, developed with the client and caregivers, support enhancing a person’s function, ability, and performance quality in order to obtain maximal opportunity for participation within an individual’s community. Intervention approaches include manual therapies directed at increasing strength, coordination, and endurance, as well as the individualized use of adaptive or assistive equipment.
A Patient-Centered Integrative Approach Improves Visual Field Defect: A Case Report.

We present a case involving a patient with a complicated visual field defect preventing her from renewing her driver license. It highlights the underappreciated role of chronic stress in the genesi...
Just Stick a Scope in: Laparoscopic Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement in the Pediatric Reoperative Abdomen.

BACKGROUND Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement into the reoperative abdomen can be challenging due to intraperitoneal adhesions. Laparoscopic guidance may provide safe abdominal access and identify an area for optimal cerebrospinal fluid drainage. The study aim was to compare laparoscopic-assisted VPS placement to an "open" approach in patients with prior abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of children undergoing VPS placement into a reoperative abdomen from 2009-2019. Clinical data were collected, and patients undergoing laparoscopy (LAP) were compared to those undergoing an open approach (OPEN). RESULTS A total of 120 children underwent 169 VPS placements at a median age of 8 y (IQR 2-15 y), and a mean number of two prior abdominal operations (IQR 1-2). Laparoscopy was used in 24% of cases. Shunt-related complications within 30 d were lower in the LAP group (0% versus 19%, P = 0.001), as were VPS-related postoperative emergency department visits (0% versus 13%, P = 0.003) and readmissions (0% versus 13%, P = 0.013). Shunt malfunction rates were higher (42% OPEN versus 25% LAP, P = 0.03) and occurred sooner in the OPEN group (median 26 versus 78 wk, P = 0.01). The LAP group demonstrated shorter operative times (63 versus 100 min, P < 0.0001), and the only bowel injury. Time to feeds, length of stay, and mortality were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic guidance during VPS placement into the reoperative abdomen is associated with a decrease in shunt-related complications, longer shunt patency, and shorter operative times. Prospective study may clarify the potential benefits of laparoscopy in this setting.
Glucocorticoids and the Cardiovascular System

Glucocorticoids affect the developing and mature cardiovascular system in profound and, at times, contradictory ways. The glucocorticoid receptor is ubiquitous in most cell types and conserved across species, highlighting its importance in development and homeostasis. Despite the fact that the glucocorticoid receptor is widely expressed, tissue-specific effects of glucocorticoids may have pronounced effects on whole organism phenotypes. Here we will review the interactions between glucocorticoids and the cardiovascular system.
Performance templates: a learning and performance partnership for employee and manager development

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to offer a brief introduction and description of the performance template approach to training, performance improvement, and employee and manager development. The approach has been empirically examined and has demonstrated effectiveness in learning and performance improvement.Design – The article is designed to explain what the performance template activity intends to achieve, offer the several steps in the performance improvement process, and to give some practical examples of the approach in the field.Findings – No specific empirical findings are presented in this article, however, the references provided do contain complete information on the creation and use of the performance template approach in the field.Practical implications – The performance template (P‐T) approach gives managers and other organization members a means for creating new practices that can assist and inform participants in the areas of knowledge creation, skill building and performance improv...
Control of a satellite formation for imaging applications

In this paper, we state the basic governing relationships between a constellation's motion in physical two dimensional space and imaging objectives. We then introduce a class of motions that satisfies imaging objectives and seek simple solutions to the problem of motion design and control of a formation for imaging applications. Results indicate a tradeoff between image quality and fuel expenditure for the proposed class of maneuvers.
Some Aspects of Sequential Quadratic Programming Methods

Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods using strictly convex QP subproblems are well established both theoretically and practically. They are currently the method of choice when solving small or medium-sized problems. Over the last fifteen years several implementations have been written to solve specific applications in which large problems arise. Recently there have been some general purpose implementations.
Shape Classification Using Wasserstein Distance for Brain Morphometry Analysis.

Brain morphometry study plays a fundamental role in medical imaging analysis and diagnosis. This work proposes a novel framework for brain cortical surface classification using Wasserstein distance, based on uniformization theory and Riemannian optimal mass transport theory.
Effect of hindlimb immobilization on the fatigability of skeletal muscle

The soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the rat were studied in situ (33.5 degrees C) after 6 wk of disuse atrophy produced by hindlimb immobilization (IM). IM resulted in d...
Penetration of nicotine and nitrosonornicotine across porcine oral mucosa

The use of smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or snuff) results in contact between this material and the lining of the mouth over relatively long periods of time. As tobacco contains nicotine and a carcinogen, nitrosonornicotine (NNN) there is a likelihood of systemic absorption of both these compounds under these conditions. This study measured the penetration of nicotine and NNN across skin and various regions of oral mucosa. Specimens of porcine skin, keratinized gingiva and non-keratinized floor of mouth and cheek mucosa were placed in perfusion chambers and the flux across these tissues of isotopically labeled water, nicotine and NNN was determined; permeability constants were calculated for each compound and for each region and the values compared statistically. Skin showed a lower permeability than the oral regions to all compounds and floor of mouth was generally the most permeable site. Nicotine passed across oral mucosa almost as rapidly as water, the most permeable region being floor of mouth, whereas gingiva and buccal mucosa showed a similar, but lower, permeability. The non-keratinized oral regions were most permeable to NNN and this can be related to the known distribution of oral carcinomas, regions with the higher permeability being sites that show the greatest tendency to develop such lesions.
Extension of quasiclassical effective Hamiltonian structure of atoms through Z=94

The ground states of all atoms (through Z=94) and their first and second ions have been calculated using the Kirschbaum-Wilets (KW) quasiclassical, many-body atomic model [Phys. Rev. A {bold 21}, 834 (1980)]. The present calculations allow the atoms to be in any spin state. The results essentially agree with previous calculations, done for atoms and their first ions with Z=1 to 38 [Phys. Rev. A {bold 51}, 266 (1995)], which constrained the atoms to minimal-total-spin configurations (S=0 or (1)/(2)). The KW model is shown to be similarly valid for the heavier atoms. However, it is found that a number of the heavier atoms and ions have KW ground states with nonminimal total spins (S=1 or (3)/(2)). {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Back to Basics in Diagnosis and Treatment

Hypoglycemia continues to be found in infants of diabetic mothers, although the significance of the observation remains to be defined in terms of long-term neurodevelopment and behavior. Most follow-up studies no longer identify CNS problems. The criterion, i.e., the level of blood glucose at which the diagnosis should be made, has evolved and drifted toward the adult level. No single criterion can be used dependably to make this clinical and chemical diagnosis.
Enriching reflux and parallel equalization PSA process for concentrating trace components in air

The enrichment of useful trace components in air was carried out using a new two-bed pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process that utilized an enriching reflux (ER) cycle designed specifically for enriching the heavy component. Another new feature of this PSA process was the use of parallel equalization (PEQ), which not only saved recompression energy, but also favorably exchanged the axial concentration distribution between the two columns. These new PSA concepts were demonstrated by experimentally enriching Xe and CO2 in air using 13X MS zeolite. ER PSA substantially enriched both gases to values as high as 80 times the feed concentration with 90% recovery using a pressure ratio of only 12.5. This enrichment was far superior to that achieved with a conventional stripping reflux (SR) PSA cycle, which was limited thermodynamically to the pressure ratio and was typically less than half of it. A parametric study revealed the effects of the pressure ratio, half-cycle time, feed flow rate, flow rate ratio (enr...
In Vivo and In Vitro Activity of A Vasoactive Drug 9-(3,5-Dimethylpyrazole-1-Carboxamido)-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-Octahydroindolo[4,3-fg] Quinoline Maleate

Abstract An indoloquinoline compound prepared from lysergic acid base has been found to have an α-blocking action on in vivo and in vitro preparations. The compound reverses the blood pressure response to epinephrine from pressor to depressor in pithed and decerebrate cats. In renal hypertensive dogs, the compound produced a significant sustained decrease in blood pressure. on rat vas deferens preparations, the spasmogenic effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine was blocked by the compound similar to, but not in the same degree as that observed with dibenamine. The primary effect of the compound appears to be an interference with sympathetic transmission postsynaptically at the α-receptor sites resulting in peripheral dilatation.
Solvent extraction of zein from dry-milled corn

ABSTRACT Batch extraction of zein from dry-milled whole corn with ethanol was optimum with 70% ethanol in water, an extraction time of 30–40 min, and temperature of 50°C. High yields (60% of the zein in corn) and high zein contents in the extracted solids (50%) were obtained at a solvent-to-solids ratio of 8 mL of 70% ethanol/g of corn. However, zein concentration in the extract was higher at lower ratios. Multiple extraction of the same corn with fresh ethanol resulted in a yield of 85% after four extractions, whereas multiple extractions of fresh corn with the same ethanol resulted in high (15 g/L) zein concentration in the extract. Optimum conditions for batch extraction of zein were 45°C, with 68% ethanol at a solvent-to-solids ratio of 7.8 mL/g for an extraction time of 55 min. Column extractions were also best at 50°C and 70% ethanol; a solvent ratio of 1 mL/g resulted in high zein concentrations in the extract (17 g/L) but yields were low (20%).
Ipsilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges

Abstract We have identified a previously unreported subtype of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge (PLED) characterized by periodic discharges arising from ipsilateral independent foci. All 4 patients had acute cerebral lesions, and 3 of them had focal motor seizures with secondary generalization. The site of localization of the PLEDs corresponded to the boundaries of the underlying structural lesion or lesions, and this, together with the variable temporal relationship between them, supports a cortical origin for PLEDs associated with underlying lesions. The spatial and temporal independence of these periodic discharges in combination with their association with (1) acute cerebral lesions, (2) altered consciousness and seizures, and (3) resolution with time leads us to propose the term “IpsiIPs” to describe this subtype of PLEDs.