cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the impact of process variation on write endurance enhancing techniques for non-volatile memory systems

Much attention has been given recently to a set of promising non-volatile memory technologies, such as PCM, STT-MRAM, and ReRAM. These, however, have limited endurance relative to DRAM. Potential solutions to this endurance challenge exist in the form of fine-grain wear leveling techniques and aggressive error tolerance approaches. While the existing approaches to wear leveling and error tolerance are sound and demonstrate true potential, their studies have been limited in that i) they have not considered the interactions between wear leveling and error tolerance and ii) they have assumed a simple write endurance failure model where all cells fail uniformly. In this paper we perform a thorough study and characterize such interactions and the effects of more realistic non-uniform endurance models under various workloads, both synthetic and derived from benchmarks. This study shows that, for instance, variability in the endurance of cells significantly affects wear leveling and error tolerance mechanisms and the values of their tuning parameters. It also shows that these mechanisms interact in subtle ways, sometimes cancelling and sometimes boosting each other's impact on overall endurance of the device.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus: an imbalance between effector and regulatory T cells?

Abundant evidence now exists that autoimmunity plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an extensively studied animal model of this T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Our laboratory has focused on isolating diabetogenic T cell clones from NOD mice as a means of elucidating the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This experimental approach presupposes that type 1 diabetes in NOD mice results from the action of islet-reactive T cells that are not present in other mouse strains; the diabetogenic T cells would therefore represent “forbidden clones” which exist in NOD mice as a result of a failure of clonal deletion. While the inappropriate presence of diabetogenic T cells probably play a central role in murine diabetes, it cannot explain all aspects of the disease. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disorder with a lengthy preclinical stage; if the diabetogenic T cells acted in an unopposed fashion, one might expect to see a much more fulminant clinical course. This observation suggests that regulatory influences are likely to exist in this disease —a possibility supported by recent experimental data. If these regulatory influences could be identified and enhanced, specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes could be achieved.
46,XY/48,XXY,+8 in a male with clinical and dermatoglyphic features of mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome

A 15-year-old male was referred for management of scoliosis secondary to congenital vertebral anomalies. Cytogenetic analysis was performed because of multiple congenital malformations. The patient was found to have a mosaic 46,XY/48,XXY, + 8 chromosome complement with the characteristic clinical and dermatoglyphic features of mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome.
The Impact of Cold Stress on Driving Performance

Exposure to cold environments can impact complex task performance due to increased error from cognitive and physiological stress. Few studies have examined the effects of cold stress on driving per...
Clustering with exclusion zones: Genomic applications

Methods for formally evaluating the clustering of events in space or time, notably the scan statistic, have been richly developed and widely applied. In order to utilize the scan statistic and related approaches, it is necessary to know the extent of the spatial or temporal domains wherein the events arise. Implicit in their usage is that these domains have no "holes"-hereafter "exclusion zones"-regions in which events a priori cannot occur. However, in many contexts, this requirement is not met. When the exclusion zones are known, it is straightforward to correct the scan statistic for their occurrence by simply adjusting the extent of the domain. Here, we tackle the more ambitious objective of formally evaluating clustering in the presence of "unknown" exclusion zones. We develop an algorithm for estimating total exclusion zone extent, the quantity needed to correct scan statistic-based inference, using distributional properties of "spacings," and show how bias correction for this estimator can be effected. Performance of the algorithm is assessed via simulation study. We showcase applications to genomic settings for differing marker (event) types-binding sites, housekeeping genes, and microRNAs-wherein exclusion zones can arise through a variety of mechanisms. In several instances, dramatic changes to unadjusted inference that does not accommodate exclusions are evidenced.
Death of the Partisan? Globalization and Taxation in South America, 1990—2006

Correcting the relative lack of attention to the revenue side of public finance, this article examines to what extent globalization constrains partisan tax policy. The author hypothesizes that political ideology is still a good predictor of taxation in the neoliberal era, advancing this argument against the prominent globalization thesis: that global economic pressures have supplanted political ideology as the driving force of revenue policy. Although research in developed democracies identifies a resilient link between partisanship and policy outcomes, the impact of the drastic neoliberal transition on partisan policy making in the developing world remains poorly understood. Using time-series cross-section data to evaluate partisan taxation in South America, the author finds that partisanship is a reliable indicator of tax revenue in the neoliberal era. Counterintuitively, however, the promarket Right generates more tax revenue than the interventionist Left. The author argues that this previously unexpec...
Celecoxib-Induced Nonoliguric Acute Renal Failure

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of nonoliguric acute renal failure secondary to use of celecoxib in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.CASE SUMMARY:A 43-year-old Hispanic woman started receiving celecoxib 200 mg/d for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Fourteen days after initiating therapy, she developed nonoliguric acute renal failure. Celecoxib was discontinued. Renal function improved, but had not returned to normal 30 days after presentation.DISCUSSION:Only 2 cases of reversible oliguric acute renal failure and volume overload have been reported 13 and 14 days after initiating therapy with celecoxib. Renal function in the 2 patients returned to baseline after treatment with diuretics. To our knowledge, the development of nonoliguric acute renal failure secondary to treatment with celecoxib has not previously been reported.CONCLUSIONS:Celecoxib can probably result in reversible, or nonoliguric, acute renal failure. Although renal function improves after discontinuation of celecoxib, it may not return to b...
Recent advances in research on cognitive processing television viewing

An increasing interest in how viewers perceive, remember, and evaluate the content of typical television programs characterized television research in the late 1970s. Two issues have been dominant: the nature and determinants of children's attention to television, and how much and what kind of content is retained from viewing typical fare by viewers of different ages. In the 1980s, research on media effects must incorporate age‐related and individual difference factors in the processing and evaluation of programs.
Minimal varieties and quasivarieties

Abstract We prove that every locally finite, congruence modular, minimal variety is minimal as a quasi-variety. We also construct all finite, strictly simple algebras generating a congruence distributivevariety, such that the set of unary term operations forms a group. Lastly, these results are ap-plied to a problem in algebraic logic to give a sufficient condition for a deductive system to bestructurally complete.1980 Mathematics subject classification (Amer. Math. Soc.) (1985 Revision): 08 B 15, 08 C 15,08 B 10, 03 G 25, 08 A 40.Keywords and phrases: equationally complete variety, quasivariety, congruence modular, clone,Structurally complete logic. A variety is called equationally complete if it contains no proper, non-trivialsubvarieties. In other words, if it is a minimal (non-trivial) variety. As everyvariety is also a quasivariety, it seems natural to ask whether a minimalvariety is also minimal as a quasivariety. Surely one's initial impulse is torespond "of course not", but upon reflection, one discovers that most of thefamiliar minimal varieties are indeed minimal quasivarieties.In this paper we try to bring the situation into focus. We give a simplecondition for a locally finite variety to be minimal as a quasivariety and provethat every locally finite, congruence modular, minimal variety is minimal asa quasivariety. We discuss examples that show that neither "local finiteness"nor "congruence modularity" can be dropped.
Rapid Purfication of β ‐Galactosidase (Aspergillus Niger) from a Commercial Preparation

β-Galactosidase (A. niger) was purified from a commercial source in order to study the protein nature of the enzyme and some of its kinetic properties. The enzyme was rapidly purified by acetone precipitation, gel filtratior, and affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was twice as high as that found in previous studies. The Km and Vmax for o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside were 2.02 mM and 345 μmoles/min/mg protein respectively at pH 4.5 and 37°C. The procedure described yields a highly active enzyme which may be suitable for immobilization and hydrolysis of lactose. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 117,000 and the isolectric point was 4.9. The enzyme appears to be a glycoprotein and may contain multiple molecular forms.
Adaptive biasing circuit overcoming process variation for high-speed circuits in scaled CMOS technology

A self-biased, VTH tracking current reference circuit is designed in 90 nm CMOS process. A finite state machine automatically adjusts the reference current to achieve plusmn5% deviation across process variation. The bias circuit is used on a differential test circuit and simulation shows a maximum of 8.53% variation in bias current.
The impact of routine mycophenolate mofetil drug monitoring on the treatment of cardiac allograft rejection.

INTRODUCTION Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a unique immunosupressive agent that has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of cardiac allograft rejection. The utility of therapeutic drug monitoring on rejection prophylaxis and treatment is inconclusive. This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of rejection in relation to MMF trough level following heart transplantation. METHODS Between May 1998 and February 1999, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcome of 215 heart transplant patients who had routine monitoring of MMF trough level at the time of scheduled endomyocardial biopsy. Patients were divided into three groups according to the time interval post transplant, and were evaluated in relation to the MMF trough level. Group I, 104 patients within 6 months of transplant; Group II, 90 patients, 6-12 months post transplant; and Group III, 71 patients beyond one year of transplant. Fifty patients had samples in more than one group. Rejection was defined as Grade > or = 3A based on ISHLT criteria. Mean follow-up period was 179+/-52 days. RESULTS A significantly decreased incidence of rejection was noted in the samples with MMF trough level > or = mg/l compared to those with less than 2 mg/l inpatients evaluated within the first year of transplant (Group I: 8.8% vs. 14.9%, Group II: 4.2% vs. 11.3%, both P=0.05). In the presence of therapeutic cyclosporine (CSA) or tacrolimus (FK) blood levels, the incidence of rejection decreased significantly when MMF trough level was > or = 2 mg/l compared to samples with MMF trough level <2 mg/l (3.6% vs. 14.4%, P=0.005). No significant difference was noted in the presence of subtherapeutic CSA or FK levels (15.4% vs. 13.9%, P=NS). CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of MMF trough levels may play a role in the management of cardiac transplant recipients during the first year post transplant.
Aircraft parameter identification for application within a fault-tolerant flight control system

This paper presents the results of a parameter identification study for the mathematical model of the WVU YF-22 unmanned research aircraft under both nominal and failure conditions to simulate malfunctions on primary control surfaces. Specifically, nominal and failure conditions for both linear and non-linear mathematical models were developed using flight data acquired from pilot and automated computer-injected maneuvers. From analysis, the stability and control derivatives were extracted to determine the aerodynamic forces and moments. The aerodynamic derivatives were introduced into a simulation model implemented within a Simulink-based environment; studies were conducted to validate the accuracy of the identified models. Initial simulation results highlight the potential for the development of the nominal and failure non-linear mathematical models from flight data.
An analysis of some fundamental problems in adaptive control of force and impedance behavior: theory and experiments

Force control in robotic mechanisms has been extensively researched. There have been several results which have concentrated either on explicit force control or impedance control. Further, many of these works require accurate identification of the stiffness of the environment. In this work the authors examine the role of adaptive controllers for force control with unknown system and environment parameters and clearly integrate several fundamental issues such as explicit force control, impedance control, and impedance control combined with a desired force control. All of these issues are treated using standard model-reference adaptive control (MRAC) approach. Within the same framework, the authors analyze other equally fundamental issues such as environment stiffness identification, stability of the complete system, and parameter convergence. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theory through experiments.
Substrate-mediated nucleic acid delivery from self-assembled monolayers

Substrate-mediated nucleic acid (NA) delivery involves the immobilization of NAs or NA delivery vehicles to biomaterials for localized transfection of cells. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer an easy system to immobilize delivery vectors. SAMs form well-defined surfaces; therefore, the effect of surface composition on vector immobilization and transfection efficiency can also be studied. To date, the most effective SAM-mediated delivery systems have utilized nonspecific interactions for immobilization; however, systems that rely on specific interactions between vector and surface can impart higher control of spatial and/or temporal delivery. This review summarizes systems that use both specific and nonspecific interactions for gene delivery from SAMs; highlights progress and remaining challenges; and explores other specific recognition modalities that might be employed for future applications in surface-mediated NA delivery.
Isolating and Probing the Hot Spot Formed between Two Silver Nanocubes

This paper reports a new strategy based on plasma etching that allows us to exclusively probe the SERS-active molecules adsorbed in the hot-spot region formed between two Ag nanocubes. Experimentally, we verified that the enhancement factor of the hot spot (EFhot-spot) was strongly dependent on its orientation relative to the laser polarization. For the hot spot formed between two Ag nanocubes of 100 nm in edge length, the EFhot-spot was found to vary from 1.0×108 to 4.1×106 and 4.4×105 as the long axis of the dimer was changed from 0 (parallel) to 45 and 90 (perpendicular) degrees relative to the direction of laser polarization. These results suggest a maximum enhancement of Raman signals by ~170 folds for the hot spot relative to the EF obtained for a single Ag nanocube of similar size. While the hot spot made a major contribution to the observed SERS signals when the dimer's long axis was parallel to the laser polarization, the hot spot did not contribute additionally to the detected signals when the dimer was in other orientations relative to the laser polarization.
Mathematically optimized cryoprotectant equilibration procedures for cryopreservation of human oocytes

Simple and effective cryopreservation of human oocytes would have an enormous impact on the financial and ethical constraints of human assisted reproduction. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential for cryopreservation in an ice-free glassy state by equilibrating oocytes with high concentrations of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and rapidly cooling to liquid nitrogen temperatures. A major difficulty with this approach is that the high concentrations required for the avoidance of crystal formation (vitrification) also increase the risk of osmotic and toxic damage. We recently described a mathematical optimization approach for designing CPA equilibration procedures that avoid osmotic damage and minimize toxicity, and we presented optimized procedures for human oocytes involving continuous changes in solution composition. Here we adapt and refine our previous algorithm to predict piecewise-constant changes in extracellular solution concentrations in order to make the predicted procedures easier to implement. Importantly, we investigate the effects of using alternate equilibration endpoints on predicted protocol toxicity. Finally, we compare the resulting procedures to previously described experimental methods, as well as mathematically optimized procedures involving continuous changes in solution composition. For equilibration with CPA, our algorithm predicts an optimal first step consisting of exposure to a solution containing only water and CPA. This is predicted to cause the cells to initially shrink and then swell to the maximum cell volume limit. To reach the target intracellular CPA concentration, the cells are then induced to shrink to the minimum cell volume limit by exposure to a high CPA concentration. For post-thaw equilibration to remove CPA, the optimal procedures involve exposure to CPA-free solutions that are predicted to cause swelling to the maximum volume limit. The toxicity associated with these procedures is predicted to be much less than that of conventional procedures and comparable to that of the corresponding procedures with continuous changes in solution composition. The piecewise-constant procedures described in this study are experimentally facile and are predicted to be less toxic than conventional procedures for human oocyte cryopreservation. Moreover, the mathematical optimization approach described here will facilitate the design of cryopreservation procedures for other cell types.
In Vivo Verification of Implantable Antennas Using Rats as Model Animals

The main objective of this study is to test in vivo a small-size dual-band implantable antenna operating in Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) (402405 MHz) and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (2.42.48 GHz) bands and to investigate the effects of live tissue on the antenna performance. To do so, we have designed and fabricated three identical antennas that were surgically implanted into rats at Mississippi State University's (MSU) College of Veterinary Medicine. X-ray images are also taken to ensure the proper placement of the antenna within the body. Results regarding return loss measurements and the performance change of the antenna are presented. We have also investigated possible candidate materials that can be used for encasing of the antenna for biocompatibility.
Phenomenon of skipping-sparks in discharges on a dielectric surface

Gliding sparks are associated with channel breakdown in air near a corona precharged dielectric layer backed by ground. Characterized by high-current, their bright channels usually end in sudden branching/dimming. Infrequently, a subclass occurs in which channel brightness is interrupted, with no evident local branching but a new leader continuing on propagating after momentary delay. This skipping-spark phenomenon has been studied in an experimental system intended for taking Kirlian photographs. Operated in a Lichtenberg figure mode, the method yields evidence in some detail. The authors report on observations of spark-channel touchdown and subsequent rebounding. A model based on nonuniform surface charging is proposed for explanation. Simulation tests are performed and shown to support the hypothesis. >
Improved Tree-to-String Transducer for Machine Translation

We propose three enhancements to the tree-to-string (TTS) transducer for machine translation: first-level expansion-based normalization for TTS templates, a syntactic alignment framework integrating the insertion of unaligned target words, and subtree-based n-gram model addressing the tree decomposition probability. Empirical results show that these methods improve the performance of a TTS transducer based on the standard BLEU-4 metric. We also experiment with semantic labels in a TTS transducer, and achieve improvement over our baseline system.
Analysis of hydrodynamic and hydrochemical behaviour of an aquifer using dialysis cells

Passive multi-level sampling using dialysis membrane diffusion cells is applied to the Chalk aquifer in order to estimate and monitor vertical contaminant distribution. This technique is associated with in situ profiles of field parameters which allow zones of groundwater flow to be established. Through three study cases (confined, semi-confined and unconfined aquifer conditions), the technique shows that vertical chemical heterogeneities are the particular result of flow zonation, or the renewal of water in the upper parts of the aquifer. The aquifer appears stratified or homogeneous according to depth depending on the chemical element being analysed, the sampling period (recharge period or not) and the hydrological situation (unconfined/confined zone). The high vertical resolution of this multi-level sampling also shows the influence of the Chalk lithology on hydrochemical variations, in particular for silica, iron and aluminium, in hardground and marly zones. By using these sampling techniques, the study emphasizes the importance of accurately measuring according to depth certain parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity and the ratios of the major elements, in particular, Na/K, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca. Interpretation of these measurements leads to an understanding of the local hydrodynamic and hydrochemical behaviour of an aquifer, and also allows geological heterogeneities to be located.
Migration, Commerce and Community: the Mīzābīs in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Algeria*

The Mīzāb is an Ibādī community consisting of seven cities clustered in an arid rocky region 350 miles south of Algiers. Having established these settlements nearly a millennium ago, the Mīzābīs, as the inhabitants came to be known, struggled against formidable environmental odds and managed not only to survive but to prosper. By the sixteenth century the Mīzāb had become an important northern Saharan market. During the following centuries, the Maghrib witnessed a remarkable movement of Mīzābī men to coastal cities where they attained prominence in a variety of professions while leaving their roots firmly implanted within their distant oasis community.Following a brief historical background to settlement in the Mīzāb, this article sketches the ecological constraints of an urban community in a region virtually devoid of resources. It then traces the history of the commercial dispersion to the North during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the probable causes of emigration. The Mīzābīs were forced by environmental constraints to seek outside sources of support. Their rise to prominence in the Regency of Algiers may have been related to declining Saharan commerce and new commercial opportunities in the North. The organization and function of Mīzābī corporations in Algiers and other northern cities are described. Finally, this article relates an Ibācī reform ethic to Mīzābī commercial success and concludes with some reflections on religious ideology and environmental demands as contributing factors to the long-term Mīzābī role in commerce.
Glycosyltransferase activities in leukemic cells from patients and human leukemic cell lines

Abstract The cell membrane fraction from c-ALL, B-ALL, Ph′+ ALL, B-CLL, T-CLL, AML, blastic-CML, normal leukocytes, PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and several T, B and myeloid human leukemic cell lines has been used in different cell types to demonstrate different patterns of glycosyltransferase activity. Both B- and T-CLL cell membranes have low fucosyltransferase B and A activity compared to acute leukemias; while sialyltransferase activity is higher in B- than in T-CLL. AML cell membranes and ML-1 human myeloblast cell line membranes have exceptionally high fucosyltransferase A activity compared to all other leukemic cells or cell lines. Human leukemic B cell lines expressed cell membrane sialyltransferase, fucosyltransferase B and probably fucosyltransferase A activity several times higher than T cell lines. Human myeloid cell lines ML-1 and HL-60 express 5- to 20-fold higher galactosyltransferase activity than human leukemic T and B cell lines. Both sialyltransferase and galactosyltransferase activity were higher in all leukemic cells than in normal leukocytes and PHA-stimulated normal lymphocytes. This is the first study carried out on glycosyltransferases using cells obtained from leukemic patients characterized immunologically. These results indicate that all glycosyltransferase activity, with the exception of fucosyl-transferase activity in CLL, were higher in leukemic cells than in normal cells. Moreover, large differences in these enzymes, e.g. very high galactosyltransferase activity in myeloid cell lines compared to B and T cell lines, of fucosyltransferase A in AML and myeloblast cell lines compared to all other cells, and of sialyltransferase in B-CLL or B cell lines compared to T-CLL or T cell lines, could be useful in characterizing certain leukemias and hematopoietic cell lines.
Assessing Business Students’ Research Skills for the Capstone Project in the Strategic Management Course

A business professor and reference librarian at an accredited college in northwest Georgia found students in a capstone senior-level strategic management class benefited from integrating a library orientation and one-on-one assistance. While previous assessments based on end-of-semester data did not assess the prior research skills of the students, this study uses pre- and postvisit surveys to assess business students’ research skills. Findings from the longitudinal surveys and course evaluations led to changes in the capstone company analysis project and team presentation requirements as well as library instruction. Discussion and areas for future research are included.
Interactive regulation of dissolved copper toxicity by an estuarine microbial community

Cultured marine microorganisms under copper stress produce extracellular compounds having a high affinity for copper (copper-complexing ligands). These ligands are similar in binding strength to those found in natural waters, but few studies have examined the relationship between copper, copper-complexing ligand concentrations, and natural microbial populations. A series of in situ experiments in the Elizabeth River, Virginia, revealed that an intact estuarine microbial community responded to copper stress by production of extracellular, high-affinity coppercomplexing ligands. The rate of ligand production was dependent on copper concentration and resulted in a reduction of the concentration of free cupric ions, Cu 21 , by more than three orders of magnitude during a 2-week period in one experiment. We believe that this interactive response to copper stress represents a feedback system through which microbial communities can potentially buffer dissolved Cu 21 ion concentrations, thereby regulating copper bioavailability and toxicity.
Interpersonal Skills Education in Entry-level Physical Therapy Programs

The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of interpersonal skills (IPS) education in entry-level physical therapy programs with respect to content, course work requirements, and evaluation strategies. The disciplines of faculty members who teach IPS and their materials and methods also were explored. Using a 32-item questionnaire, we surveyed in 1984 all accredited baccalaureate (BS), certificate (CERT), and entry-level master's degree (MS) programs (N = 107) in physical therapy. Seventy-two responses (67.2%) were received, reflecting returns from 57 BS (64.7%), 5 CERT (83.3%), and 10 MS (76.9%) program respondents. Nearly all (97.2%, n = 70) of the respondents explicitly taught IPS in the classroom, but fewer of them evaluated learning (74.3%, n = 52). Overall, respondents teaching in MS programs consistently reported including a greater concentration of IPS content than the other two types of programs. All of the MS programs required specific IPS course work, compared with 50 (87.7%) of the BS programs and 3 (60%) of the CERT programs. Predominantly, faculty members who teach IPS are academically based physical therapists who use an extensive variety of methods and materials.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry in the Delaware estuary

,Qbstract Seasonal variability in stable carbon (S’XZ) and nitrogen (b15N) isotope ratios was observed in suspended particulate matter of the Delaware estuary. Two major pools of organic matter were found in the estuary-phytoplankton growing in situ and a mixture of planktonic and terrestrial detritus. In general, the 6°C and 615N of suspended particulate matter reflected planktonic dominance. With the background chemical and physical information available for the estuary, it is evident that biogeochemical processes influence isotopic distributions in the estuary to a greater extent than does physical mixing. During spring, we postulate that isotopic fractionation of ammonium assimilated at concentrations >20 PM resulted in more negative 615N values for organic matter fixed by phytoplankton. As algal growth proceeded, the 615N of seston reached a maximum (+ 1 SY&) because phytoplankton were using a pool of NH,+ enriched in 15N as a result of previous fractionation during assimilation. Similarly, maximal 813C values were related to high rates of primary productivity associated with algal growth. Decreased isotopic fractionation occurred at high rates of production, implying that diffusion of CO, across the cell membrane became increasingly rate limiting. The 613C values in bottom sediments were equivalent to those in suspended particulate matter, but a 2Y60 difference in 615N was found between suspended and bottom sediments. With nitrogen isotopic differences between water-column seston and surficial sediments, we estimate that 1530% of planktonic production is deposited in the sediments during spring. If this organic matter is remineralized in late summer and fall, it could support up to 20% of primary production at that time.
An advanced architecture for telesystems applications

An advanced architecture has been developed for telesystem applications. It features emerging network communication concepts and modern man/machine interfaces integrated with recent advances in autonomous intelligent control. Details of the architecture are presented. Recent and potential future applications are described. >
Crawford Adams Cup Arthroplasty

Fifty arthroplasties of the hip in forty-three patients with use of the Crawford Adams cup are reported. See Images in the PDF file. In general, the results have been satisfactory. Severe pain, the primary indication for operation, was relieved in forty-five of the fifty hips. The majority of excellent results occurred in hips with arthritis secondary to trauma. Necrosis of the head beneath the cup, recognized as a possibility at the beginning of this series, materialized in three patients. One of these represents the only case of infection in the series, and this was probably present at the time of arthroplasty. Two cups broke because of mechanical faults. The method of manufacture has been changed so that the cup is now constructed of one piece of metal.
Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Forests as Vicarious Calibration Sites for Spaceborne Microwave Radiometry

We develop methods of using boreal, temperate, and tropical forests as vicarious calibration sites for spaceborne microwave radiometers. The extended sites and improved calibration techniques enable examining warm-scene performances as a complement to cold scenes over the ocean, providing information about scan-dependent biases, detecting and correcting possible calibration errors, and intercalibrating different radiometers. Specifically, this paper shows results as follows. Warm-scene calibration is expanded beyond previously utilized sites in the Amazon rainforest to include inland boreal and temperate forests, as well as forests in coastal and island regions. These additional sites increase the available warm-scene sample size by a factor of 30 compared with using Amazon rainforests alone, allowing more accurate and statistically robust calibration. In addition, their widespread near-global distribution enables near-continuous monitoring of radiometer performance, e.g., with a temporal resolution of almost once per day. Accurate warm-end vicarious calibration enables or enhances several new capabilities for radiometer characterization. Scan-dependent calibration biases that are present at the high end of a radiometer's dynamic range can, for the first time, be reliably detected and characterized. Using this method, we are able to detect the along-scan magnetic interference and edge-of-scan biases that are present in Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI) observations at warm brightness temperatures (TBs). Our techniques are able to detect and characterize very small calibration anomalies, e.g., a scan-dependent error in GMI with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.1 K. In general, scan-dependent performance and antenna pattern correction can be improved with better constraints at both the high and low ends of on-Earth observed TBs. Regional dependence and seasonal changes in the brightness and predictability of the forested calibration sites are detected and characterized. Calibration exhibits a dependence on latitude, most significantly at water vapor channels, where tropical regions are different from middle and high latitudinal regions. Although the root cause is still under investigation, its presence suggests that using limited sites could result in undesirable latitude-dependent calibration biases. The distribution of calibration sites shifts seasonally, which results from green-up of the vegetation canopy in summer and defoliation in winter, and from snow contamination.
Local Administration and National Development: Fragmentation and Centralization in Ghana

(1970). Local Administration and National Development: Fragmentation and Centralization in Ghana. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des etudes africaines: Vol. 4, Local-Central Politics, pp. 57-76.
Right Colectomy Procedure Guide

This chapter outlines our technique of robotic right hemicolectomy, which we have successfully used in over 100 patients. We generally prefer the three-port technique for extracorporeal right hemicolectomy and the four-port technique for planned intracorporeal anastomosis. There are numerous approaches to dissection of the right colon, but we utilize the medial to lateral approach. This can be modified, based upon surgeon preference. Robotic-assisted right hemicolectomy affords accurate dissection and enhanced visualization and can serve as an alternative platform for the minimally invasive approach.
Justice Thomas unplugged

Article discussing the seminar class in Constitutional Law taught by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas at Creighton University School of Law.
Metaplastic papillary tumor of the fallopian tube--a distinctive lesion of pregnancy

The clinical and pathologic features of four examples of a distinctive intraluminal papillary epithelial tumor of the fallopian tube are described. All four cases occurred in fallopian tubes removed in the immediate postpartum period. The nature of this lesion and its relationship to previously described epithelial lesions of the fallopian tube are discussed.
The Ethical Appropriateness of Using Prognostic Scoring Systems in Clinical Management

The four ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and social justice provide a framework for making medical decisions, including those that involve the administration of life-sustaining therapies. In recent years, a number of prognostic scoring systems, including the Acute Physiology Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) system, have been developed to augment clinical judgment in determining which critically ill patients are likely to benefit from such therapies. Although these systems all have limitations, their use in decision making is as ethically appropriate as is the use of clinical judgment, which has its own limitations and has been used for years.
Interest Rates, Policy Uncertainty, and Investment

In this paper, I estimate a cointegrated VAR with three long run equilibrium conditions that are consistent with the New Keynesian model. The equilibrium conditions estimated in the VAR do not provide evidence of a negative relationship between the federal funds rate and investment, or output more generally. Economic policy uncertainty, however, does have a negative and statistically significant effect on investment in the estimated model. I argue that the results support an option theory view of investment rather than the standard New Keynesian model. Also, various specifications of the model demonstrate that the findings are robust to an alternative short term nominal interest rate, the use of real interest rates rather than nominal interest rates, different classifications of investment, different measures of economic uncertainty, and a different specification of the monetary policy process. In addition, I argue that the results have implications for the weak recovery in the aftermath of the Great Recession. In particular, the results suggest that the increase in economic policy uncertainty observed after 2007 can potentially explain the weak recovery whereas the results cast doubt on the significance of the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates.
Reading Conrad’s Lord Jim: Reading Texts, Reading Lives

I shall argue that the experience of reading Lord Jim enacts a dialogue between the major ideologies of reading on the current critical mindscape — deconstruction and what I call humanistic formalism — and that Lord Jim privileges the reading of humanistic formalism, which urges an absolute judgement on Jim’s behaviour and an organic and coherent text, over the deconstructive reading which raises questions about the possibility of formal unity, explanations of behaviour, and standards of judgement. Ultimately, Lord Jim affirms the possibility of significance and values, and refuses to endorse the relativity of Marlow or the solipsism of Stein.
Feature transformation and Mutual Information for DNS tunneling analysis

Tunneling attacks are executed to bypass security policies or leak sensitive data outside of a network. In this paper, we propose an innovative algorithm to profile DNS tunnels. Our approach combines Principal Component Analysis and Mutual Information. The proposed algorithm is validated on a live network. Results show that, under specific conditions, anomalies are correctly characterized through the proposed method. Other cases require instead further investigation.
Irrational Exuberance: Momentum Crashes and Speculative Bubbles

The ψ statistic described in Sect. 11.4 is specific to a particular investment vehicle, such as a mutual fund or a hedge fund, whose net inflows and outflows of cash enable us to quantify the gap between hypothetical investment returns and the actual returns that real-life investors realized in fact. Unlike other anomalous departures from hypothetically efficient markets and capital asset pricing, however, the effect that ψ measures is almost entirely an artifact of investor behavior. Indeed, among the many phenomena documented in this book, the performance gap may be the purest example of a behavioral departure from perfect efficiency, rational expectations, and platonically maximized utility.
The effects of feeding rations that differ in fiber and fermentable starch within a day on milk production and the daily rhythm of feed intake and plasma hormones and metabolites in dairy cows

Abstract A daily pattern of feed intake, milk synthesis, and plasma metabolites and hormones occurs in dairy cows fed a total mixed ration once or twice a day. The objective of this study was to determine if feeding multiple rations within a day, complementing these rhythms, would improve milk production. Twelve Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Cows were housed in tie stalls with feed tubs, and feed weight was recorded every 10 s for observation of feeding behavior. Rations were a low fiber and high fermentable starch ration [LFHS; 27.4% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 31.7% starch based on 55.7% corn silage and 14.1% steam-flaked corn], a high fiber and low fermentable starch ration (HFLS; 31.7% NDF and 22.3% starch based on 44% corn silage, 26.3% alfalfa haylage, and no steam-flaked corn), and a total mixed ration that was a 1:3 ratio of LFHS and HFLS (30.7% NDF, 24.5% starch). The control treatment (CON) cows were fed the total mixed ration at 0700h, the high/low treatment (HL) fed HFLS ration at 0700h and LFHS ration at 2200h, and the low/high (LH) treatment fed LFHS ration at 0700h and HFLS ration at 1100h (LFHS and HFLS rations fed at a 1:3 ratio). No effect was found of treatment on daily milk, but LH decreased milk fat concentration and yield compared with HL (0.2 percentage units and 0.24kg, respectively). Daily dry matter and NDF intake and total-tract digestibility did not differ between treatments. The HL treatment reduced intake at the morning-conditioned meal after feeding and reduced intake before the evening feeding. A treatment by time of day interaction was found for fecal NDF and indigestible NDF concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma insulin, and fatty acid concentration, and body temperature. The CON and LH treatments increased the daily amplitude of fecal NDF by 1.0 and 1.1 percentage units compared with HL. Plasma insulin was higher in HL than CON at 0100 and 0400h, but lower at 1300 and 1900h. Plasma fatty acids were higher for CON than HL at 0700h and HL was lower than LH at 0400 and 1900h. Plasma BUN was higher for HL than control at 0100h, but lower at 1000h. Body temperature in CON and HL treatments followed a similar diurnal pattern, whereas body temperature for LH was lower than that of HL treatment at 1300 and 2300h. No daily rhythm was found of fecal indigestible NDF concentration, plasma glucose, or fatty acids detected in the HL treatment, and the amplitude of plasma insulin and BUN was lower for HL compared with CON (70 and 60% decrease, respectively). In conclusion, feeding 2 rations that differ in fiber and fermentable starch modifies diurnal rhythms in dairy cows. Furthermore, feeding a high fiber and low fermentable starch ration during the high intake period of the day may stabilize nutrient absorption across the day.
Current-Density Functional Theory of Linear Response to Time-Dependent Electromagnetic Fields

Local density approximations are known to be very useful in calculating the ground-state exchange and correlation (xc) energy of many-electron systems [1], and local approximations are gaining in importance for the description of xc effects in time-dependent situations also [2,3]. Most of the time-dependent work has dealt with a scalar time-dependent xc potential \({v_{xc}}(\vec r,\omega )\) approximated as a local functional of the time-dependent density \(n(\vec r,\omega )\) as described in the chapter “Time-dependent density functional theory” in the introductory section of this Book. Despite much progress in this scalar approach, it will be shown in this Chapter that existing approximations for v xc require modification. In particular, it will be shown that (i) there is no local density approximation for the scalar xc potential at finite frequency (ii) there is, however, a consistent local approximation for a vector xc potential \({{\vec a}_{xc}}(\vec r,\omega )\) in terms of the dynamic current density \(\vec j(\vec r,\omega )\) and its space derivatives, as well as the ground-state density and its space derivatives. This approximation is valid, at a given frequency, for sufficiently slow spatial variations of the ground-state density and of the perturbing dynamic potential. The appropriately modified vector xc potential will be derived here in some detail, thus filling out the brief description published recently [4]. New material will also be presented, providing interpretation of the findings in the simple case of one dimensional inhomogeneity.
Gurdjieff in the Theater: The Fourth Way of Jerzy Grotowski

This article focuses on the links between revolutionary and iconoclastic Polish theater director Jerzy Grotowski (1933–1999), and G. I. Gurdjieff. Grotowski is widely honored in the theater world, and understood to have been involved in creating what have been called spiritual experiences within theater movements of the late twentieth century. His work articulated experiences of the spiritual within the body; achieving a removal of spirituality from ecclesial authorities and a relocation of it within the body of the performer. This article explores the manifold resonances between concepts used in Grotowski’s work and that of Gurdjieff, demonstrating how Grotowski’s transformative theater work shows strong elements of Gurdjieff’s influence. Because of the striking and numerous similarities explored herein, a place can be affirmed for Grotowski as an independent Western Fourth Way spiritual teacher, working in theater.
Making the Case for Real Diversity: Redefining Underrepresented Minority Students in Public Universities:

Immigration to the United States has been a major catalyst for population growth and is the significant factor in the changing racial/ethnic composition of our population. The specific changes in the racial/ethnic mix in United States in recent times are due in large part to a surge in immigration from diverse sending countries. However, much of the terminology that continues to be used in the context of higher education to describe diversity in the student populations are anachronistic and serves actually to occlude true diversity. We argue that variables such as country of birth of the student, the country of origin of the parent, and parental educational achievement, all have significant impact on the academic progress and success of undergraduate underrepresented minority students. These are variables that should be used to disaggregate the traditional racial and ethnic categories, to really serve the needs of the increasingly diverse student body. These are not data typically collected by institution...