cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on Autogeny in Natural Populations of Culex Pipiens II. Seasonal abundance of autogenous and anautogenous populations

Autogenous mosquitoes were most numerous in breeding sites that were enclosed, while anautogenous mosquitoes Were most numerous in more open bodies of water. Anautogenous populations increased more rapidly than did autogenous populations. This was attributed to differences in fecundity and in rate of development. Anautogenous populations declined in numbers in mid-summer. This followed an apparent decline in blood feeding and may have been due either to changes in daily light cycles or to scarcity of vertebrate hosts. An autogenous population bred continuously throughout the winter in a sheltered site. Mosquitoes with large fat bodies were captured at the end of the summer season and these were presumably diapausing anautogenous females. Avian hosts supplied most of the blood meals taken by mosquitoes in this study.
In vivo P32 Radioautography in Detecting Breast Cancer.

SummaryA method of in vivo radioautography of the breast as a screening procedure for breast neoplasms, using P32 has been presented and discussed. Thirty-one cases with 2 false positive results and no false negative results have been presented.
Prevention of de novo hepatitis B in recipients of core antibody-positive livers with lamivudine and other nucleos(t)ides: a 12-year experience.

Background Lamivudine (LAM) has been shown to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in recipients of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)-positive liver transplants (LT) but primarily in small studies with limited follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HBcAb+ graft recipients at our institution from October 1999 to August 2008. Results One hundred nineteen recipients without prior HBV were identified (median age, 54 years; 70% male), of which 62 received LAM. The median follow-up was 2.6 years overall and 5.3 years in the LAM group. Among LAM recipients, 44% were HBV naive (HBsAb-/HBcAb-) at LT, of which 6% developed HBsAb+ and 3% developed HBcAb+ after LT. Eight percent developed de novo HBV: two recipients became hepatitis B surface antigen positive at 70 and 23 months and three experienced breakthrough with HBV DNA more than 2000 IU at 1 to 9 months after LT. Sixty percent (3 of 5) were HBV naive. Four (6%) other recipients also had transiently detectable HBV less than 2000 IU, which did not require any changes to their prophylaxis regimen. When compared with recipients who received other nucleos(t)ide analogues, there was no difference in de novo rates: LAM 8% (5 of 62), adefovir 15% (5 of 33), tenofovir 0% (0 of 3), entecavir 0% (0 of 1), and 5% (1 of 20) for those not given prophylaxis (P=0.59). Conclusions LAM monoprophylaxis was effective in preventing de novo HBV in the vast majority of recipients over long-term follow-up. Adefovir had a higher rate of de novo infections numerically, whereas tenofovir and entecavir had no cases and may be more effective, but this was limited by a small sample size.
Study on the growth and development of children aged from 6 to 12 in Fuzhou

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the growth trends of children aged from 6 to 12 in Fuzhou, so as to provide baseline data for carrying out health education and promotion. Methods Gulou district in Fuzhou city was sampled with stratified cluster random sampling methodology in 2013. Thirty-six thousand four hundred and eighty-four students aged from 6 to12 years from all primary schools in this district were investigated. Chest circumference, vital capacity, height, and weight were measured. Quetelet index and Verwaeck index were computed. Data were compared to the data collected from the whole nation and Guangzhou in 2010. Results In 2013, the average of chest circumference, and pulmonary function of the boys aged from 9 to 12 and the girls aged from 8 to 12 from primary school in Fuzhou were significantly higher than the national average level in 2010(P0.01).The average of chest circumference of boys in Fuzhou was significantly increased, while the average of chest circumference of girls in Fuzhou was lower than the level of Guangzhou in 2010(P0.05). The average Quetelet index and Verwaeck index of boys in all ages,the average Quetelet index of girls aged from 9 to 12, and the average Verwaeck index of girls aged from 11 to 12 in Fuzhou were higher than those in Guangzhou(P0.01). Conclusion For most of the situation, the growth and development of primary school students aged from 6 to 12 years old in Fuzhou was higher than the national level in 2010, and some of the indexes were better than those in Guangzhou in 2010.
Complication of a penile prosthesis reservoir: venous compression masquerading as a deep venous thrombosis.

AbstractWe report a case of vascular compromise secondary to the reservoir of an inflatable penile prosthesis. The problem masqueraded as deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremity of a patient 3 years after a spinal cord injury.
Beyond Access: Characteristics of the Food Environment and Risk of Diabetes

Characteristics of the built environment, including access to unhealthy food outlets, are hypothesized to contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Swedish nationwide registry data on 4,718,583 adults aged 35-80 years living in 9,353 neighborhoods, each with at least 1 food outlet, were geocoded and linked to commercial registers (e.g., restaurants and grocery stores). Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the prospective relationship between characteristics of the food environment and T2D from 2005 to 2010. Relative access to health-harming food outlets was associated with greater likelihood of both prevalent and incident T2D in a curvilinear manner, with the highest risk being observed for environments in which one-third of outlets were health-harming. Relative to individuals whose food environment did not change, those who moved into areas with more health-harming food outlets had higher odds of developing T2D (odds ratio = 3.67, 95% confidence interval: 2.14, 6.30). Among those who did not move, living in an area that gained relative access to health-harming food outlets was also associated with higher odds of T2D (odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.27, 2.33). These results suggest that local food environment, including changes that result in greater access to unhealthy food outlets, is associated with T2D.
Automatic Generation of Invariants in Processor Verification

A central task in formal verification is the definition of invariants, which characterize the reachable states of the system. When a system is finitestate, invariants can be discovered automatically.
Sensitivity to OSU03012 is p53/p21 dependent and Rb independent in normal human epithelial cell lines

A133 OSU03012 is novel Celecoxib derivative with potential anticancer activity via a non-COX mechanism. We find that OSU03012 selectively targets premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cell lines but not normal cells via inducing S phase block and apoptosis. Further deciphering this differential effect will be important. To better understand the role of cell cycle regulation in the effect caused by OSU03012, primary normal human oral epithelial cell line TE1177 was transformed by infecting with retrovirus containing HVP16/E6 and HVPE7. Growth inhibition assay, by methylene blue staining, showed that TE1177/E6 cell lines are more sensitive to the treatment with OSU03012 than its parent TE1177 and TE1177/E7 cell lines. Since the S phase accumulation is important to the toxicity of premalignant and malignant human oral cell lines, cell distribution was analyzed by flow cytometer. The results show that all TE1177/E6 and TE1177/E7 cell lines have a higher S phase population, with 14.0% in TE1177, 22.0% in TE1177/E6, and 18.0% in TE1177/E7. Upon treatment with OSU03012 the S phase population was mildly reduced in TE1177/E7 but not in TE1177/E6 cell lines. For example the S phase population was 2.95% in TE1177, 21.9% in TE1177/E6, and 13.6% in TE1177/E7 cell lines after 48hr treatment with 2 µM OSU03012. These results suggest that S phase accumulation may play a role in OSU03012-decreased cell proliferation. Western blot analyses showed that infection with HVP16/E7 dramatically reduced the protein levels of Rb; infection with HVP16/E7 resulted in mild decrease in the protein levels of P53 but a significant reduction in the levels of p21WAF1, a downstream effecter of p53; whereas TE1177/E7 cell lines expressed much higher levels of p21WAF1 than TE1177 cell line. Treatment with OSU03012 resulted in dramatic reduction in the protein levels of cyclin A and cdk2 in the TE1177 cell line and a slight reduction in the TE1177/E6 or TE1177/E7 cell lines. There was a noticeable increase in the protein levels of p21WAF1 in TE1177, much higher levels of p21WAF1 in TE1177/E7, and undetectable level of p21WAF1 in TE1177/E6 cell lines. To further test if p21WAF1 affects the sensitivity of cells to treatment with OSU03012, MEF cells harboring wild type or deleted p21WAF1 were treated with OSU03012. Western blot analyses showed that MEF cells without p21WAF1 were more sensitive to OSU03012-induced apoptosis as evidenced by PARP cleavage. Our data suggest that S phase accumulation and p21WAF1 status are important to the sensitivity of the epithelial cells to the treatment OSU03012. Supported by NCI R01-109012.
Rural-Urban Differences in Awareness and Use of Family Planning Services Among Adolescent Women in California.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare awareness and use of family planning services by rural and urban program site among a sample of adolescent women before participation in the federal Personal Responsibility Education Program in California. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of survey data collected from youth before participation in California's Personal Responsibility Education Program. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for a sample of 4,614 females ages 14–18 years to compare awareness and use of family planning services between participants at rural and urban program sites, controlling for the program setting and participant demographic, sexual, and reproductive characteristics. Results Overall, 61% of participants had heard of a family planning provider in their community, and 24% had visited a family planning provider. Awareness and use of family planning services were lower among rural participants than urban participants. After adjusting for the program setting and participant characteristics, rural participants were less likely to know about a family planning provider in their community (odds ratio, .64; 95% confidence interval, .50–.81) or receive family planning services (odds ratio, .76; 95% confidence interval, .58–.99) than urban participants. Conclusions Findings suggest that adolescents in rural areas face greater barriers to accessing family planning services than adolescents in urban areas. Targeted efforts to increase awareness and use of family planning services among adolescents in rural areas and among other underserved populations are needed.
Mortgage Credit, Aggregate Demand, and Unconventional Monetary Policy

I develop a quantitative model of the mortgage market operating in an economy with financial frictions and nominal rigidities. I use this model to study the effectiveness of large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) by a central bank as a tool of monetary policy. When negative shocks hit, homeowner and financial sector balance sheets are impaired, borrowing constraints bind, asset prices and aggregate demand drop, hampering the transmission of conventional monetary policy. LSAPs boost aggregate demand in a crisis by directing additional lending to homeowners, raising house prices, and establishing expectations of future financial stability. However, legacy household debt depresses output and consumption in recovery. In the long run, a commitment to ongoing use of LSAPs in crises reduces credit and business cycle volatility and redistributes resources from borrowers and intermediaries to savers.
Endovascular Embolectomy for Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion: A Historical Perspective

Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in America and the leading cause of adult long-term disability. Strokes due to emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) often lead to significant disability; however, they also can be amenable to treatment with the potential for good functional outcome. Over a short period, the standard of treatment has evolved considerably, from supportive care to systemic therapy and now to targeted therapy. The role for mechanical thrombectomy had been debated for years, but in light of five back-to-back publications demonstrating its superiority, it is now considered standard of care in those patients who meet criteria. This article aims to introduce the reader to the progression of events leading to the current practice of endovascular embolectomy in ELVO.
The Legacy of Misidentification: Why the Martyrs in the Passio Sanctarum Perpetuae et Felicitatis were not from Thuburbo Minus

ABSTRACTThere still exists considerable uncertainty among historians concerning the identification of the native city of the martyrs in the Passio Sanctarum Perpetuae et Felicitatis: that is, were these five young catechumens and their teacher Saturus from Carthage or from Thuburbo Minus? I shall show in this, the first detailed examination of the evidence, that the case for Thuburbo Minus as their residence, though intriguing and proposed again recently, cannot be maintained given the present evidence. Furthermore, I will also show that specific references to place in the Passio are highly suggestive of a large cosmopolitan setting, like Carthage, where there were some Christian groups. The arguments for Thurburbo Minus are based principally on its mention in the Greek manuscript and in the Acta, both of which are later compositions and which have provided this spurious location from the enormously influential mid-fifth century Martyrologium Hieronymianum.
Twenty-Five Diagnoses on Midline Images of the Brain: From Fetus to Child to Adult.

This article reviews the role of midsagittal images in providing a wealth of information about a variety of congenital and acquired brain abnormalities and describes the appearance of normal anatomic features and characteristic pathologic features in the pediatric to young adult population.
Where Notaries Provided Legal Services to Medieval Townspeople

If notarial offices in medieval Italian towns had not offered their dual services of commercial law contracts and family law documents on the same premises and in the homes of their clients, perhap...
Misguided Christian Attempts to Serve God Using the Fear of Man

The purpose of this article is to show that true morality cannot be promoted through the human law. This article will first present a biblical understanding of the role of human authority in Part II, beginning with the Genesis accounts of the Creation and the fall of man and ending with the teachings of Jesus and His apostles. Next, in Part III, the article will describe the distinctively Christian teaching on the response to human authority as an instrument of God’s providence. Then, in Part IV, the article will critique the conclusion improperly drawn from God’s ultimate control of all human authority—that human governors are God’s vicegerents. The article will further discuss in Part V some practical problems with attempting to import God’s moral law into positive human law before concluding with advice to the Christian ruler.
The Bumblebee Flies Anyway: the Success of Contextual Constructionism

Although Spector and Kitsuse’s Constructing Social Problems (CSP) is often credited with launching constructionist theory, this obscures the contributions of other sociologists pursuing parallel lines of research. CSP’s advocacy of a strict constructionist position has largely been ignored by constructionist researchers. Although some conflist-oriented socioogists argue that it is time to move beyond constructionism, it remains the best-developed theory of social problems. At the same time, it is necessary to develop the theory in new directions, particularly by synthesizing case studies.
Quantitative Compositional Mapping with the Electron Probe Microanalyzer

Of all the techniques of electron probe microanalysis, the one that has undergone the least change over the history of the field is the technique of producing an image of the distribution of the elemental constituents of a sample, which can be termed compositional mapping. Even today with the dominance of computers for digital data collection and processing in the microprobe laboratory, most compositional mapping is still carried out with an analog procedure that is little changed from the “dot mapping” or “area scanning” technique described by Cosslett and Duncumb in 1956 [1]. The dot mapping procedure can be summarized as follows: (1) As in conventional scanning electron imaging, the beam on the cathode ray tube (CRT) is scanned in synchronism with the beam on the specimen. (2) When the beam is at a particular position on the specimen and an x-ray photon is detected with either a wavelength-dispersive (WDS) or an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the corresponding beam location on the CRT is marked by adjusting the current to excite the phosphor to full brightness. (3) The white dots produced on the CRT display are continuously recorded by photographing the screen to produce the dot map.
Just-War Criteria

The Just-War Criteria are a disciplined method for debating and forming a judgement (1) on the decision to war (jus ad bellum) and the conduct of the war (jus in bello). They are not a mechanical formula to determine either the justice or the injustice of a war; they only organize the debate. The article covers not only the criteria themselves but also an evaluation of them, the history of their development, their status in Chinese, Indian, and Islamic cultures, and the problem of “self-defense.”
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOTHELIAL JUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the functions of endothelial junctions. The capillaries of muscle are lined by two continuous layers: (1) an inner cellular layer—the endothelium and (2) an outer acellular layer—the basement membrane. The endothelium resembles a thin, simple squamous epithelium. It is characterized by having an abundance of small vesicles in its cytoplasm. Many of the vesicles are open at either the lumenal or the interstitial surface of the cell; the rest appear to be free in the cytoplasm. Somewhere along the perimeter of the capillary, the endothelial cell contacts either itself or an adjacent endothelial cell to form an endothelial cleft. The cleft can be viewed as a potential passageway through which water and solutes may exchange between blood plasma in the capillary lumen and interstitial fluid in the pericapillary space. The chapter reviews the experimental evidence that provides insight into the extent to which the cleft serves this purpose.
Intentional Injury and the Risk of Subsequent Hospitalization for Attempted Suicide.

Objective Trauma patients are at increased risk of suicidal behavior. The association between assault injury and subsequent suicidal behavior relative to unintentional injury remains under-studied. This study hypothesized that trauma patients with assault injuries would demonstrate greater risk of subsequent suicide attempt hospitalization compared to patients with unintentional injury. Method Trauma patients hospitalized in Washington State were identified via administrative records. Proportional hazard analysis was conducted to test differences in risk of suicide attempt hospitalization up to 5 years after the initial trauma hospitalization, and time to onset of first suicide attempt hospitalization by subgroup. Results Approximately 2% (n = 1264) of trauma inpatients were subsequently hospitalized for attempted suicide, and 0.3% died by suicide (n = 177) during the follow-up period. Relative to patients with unintentional injuries, those with assault-related injuries (aHR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.86), and self-inflicted injuries (aHR = 8.22, 95% CI: 7.24 to 9.33) demonstrated greater risk of suicide attempt hospitalization after discharge. Conclusion These findings demonstrate a greater risk of suicidal behavior among trauma patients with assault injuries relative to patients with unintentional injuries. This suggests the importance of intentional cause of injury as a risk factor for suicidal behavior to be considered in assessment of suicidality and discharge planning for trauma patients.
“I had never been at home in the world”1: A case for Black-Indigenism

In this article, I argue that the Black experience in the United States settler colony is one primarily based in a systematic erasure of indigeneity from the enslaved African. Understanding the Bla...
AISTAR: An Intelligent System for Online IT Ticket Automation Recommendation

An efficient delivery of IT services for increasingly complex IT environments demands an intelligent automated solution for resolving existing and potential issues. An automation recommender system, promptly suggesting the most proper scripted resolution to an arriving IT incident ticket, would play a significant role in IT automation services. Hence, developing a comprehensive framework supporting becomes imperative for continuous improvement of automation recommendation.In this paper, we first identify the challenges of IT services followed by a discussion on AISTAR (an intelligent system for online IT ticket automation recommendation) designed and developed to provide them. Specifically, we define and formalize automation recommendation procedure as a multi-armed bandit problem with dependent arms, which is capable of achieving the optimal tradeoff between exploitation of the system for the best automation recommendation and exploration of automation execution information for future recommendation. Two novel multi-armed bandit models are proposed and integrated to handle the aforementioned challenges in IT automation services. Empirical studies on a large ticket dataset from IBM Global Services demonstrate both the effectiveness and efficiency of our intelligent integrated system. AISTAR is earmarked for Cognitive Event Automation for IBM Service delivery.
Chemotherapy of Depression

It is now thirteen years since the simultaneous introduction in 1957 of iproniazid (Marsilid), the prototypic monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and imipramine (Tofranil), the prototypic tricyclic antidepressant. Since then, a large number of new compounds has been developed and introduced for therapeutic usage. Numerous symposiums have been held and a large number of papers have appeared about the clinical efficacy of these drugs and the biochemical bases of their actions. Nonetheless, considerable controversy continues. There are unresolved questions as to toxicity and as to therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus as to the etiology and nosology of depressions, and whether specific patient types respond better to one or another treatment.
Post-traumatic stress and related symptoms among juvenile detention residents: Results from intake screening

Abstract Background Juvenile justice-involved youth have high rates of trauma exposure, physical and sexual abuse and PTSD. Several factors have been found to be related to PTSD symptoms in youth including number and chronicity of traumatic events. Objective To simultaneously examine the relationships between allostatic load (defined here as number of traumatic experiences), poly-victimization (exposure to two or more forms of victimization based on 5 of the 6 categories in Ford et al.’s 2010 study), physical/sexual abuse and PTSD in justice-involved youth. Participants and Setting The sample consisted of 1984 youth in juvenile detention in a Northeastern city. The sample was 73.4% male and the majority of youth were either African American or Hispanic. Methods Clinicians collected demographic and psychosocial information, and measured symptoms of PTSD, depression, and problematic substance use. Results Results showed that youth with more traumas, those who experienced poly-victimization and those who experienced physical/sexual assault/abuse were not only more likely to have PTSD, but also more likely to have depression, thoughts of suicide/self-harm, and problematic substance use (as indicated by the presence of 2 or more of 6 possible indicators). Poly-victimization was a stronger correlate of PTSD than number of traumas or physical/sexual assault/abuse. However, among youth with PTSD, number of traumas was associated with co-occurring problems while poly-victimization and physical/sexual assault/abuse were not. Conclusions Findings can be used to help direct resources to juvenile justice-involved youth who are most in need of treatment.
SUN-019 The Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Ulipristal Acetate Blocks Glucocorticoid Receptor Transactivation

Progesterone is a crucial regulator of the female reproductive system, but also contributes to the pathogenesis of certain gynecological diseases. As such, selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) have shown potential for the treatment of such diseases. The SPRM Ulipristal acetate (UPA) offers a much-needed therapeutic option for the clinical management of uterine fibroids. Although UPA initially passed safety evaluations in Europe, post-marketing analysis identified cases of liver injury and hepatic failure, leading to temporary restrictions on UPA use. The structural analysis predicted low glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist properties of UPA, however the anti-glucocorticoid activity of Ulipristal has been demonstrated on reporter constructs in HeLa cells. To determine whether UPA can alter the activity of endogenous GR in various relevant cell types, immortalized human uterine fibroid cells (UtLM) and hepatocytes (HepG2) were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and/or UPA. Co-treatment of 100 nM UPA with dexamethasone reduced glucocorticoid-induced expression of PER1, FKBP5, and GILZ in HepG2 and UtLM cells by 30-55%. At 1μM, UPA completely blocked glucocorticoid regulation of these genes in both cell lines. As a comparison, the extent of glucocorticoid inhibition by UPA was comparable to the known PR and GR antagonist RU 486. To discover whether the anti-glucocorticoid activity of UPA was mediated by PR, we knocked down PR expression by siRNA and found that the inhibitory activity of UPA does not require PR, suggesting a direct effect on GR. To determine the mechanism by which UPA inhibits GR activity, we evaluated hallmarks of GR transactivation. As hormone-dependent phosphorylation at S211 is associated with transcriptionally active GR, we evaluated p211 status in response to dexamethasone treatment with and without UPA. In the presence of UPA, dexamethasone-mediated phosphorylation at 211 was significantly diminished. Furthermore, dexamethasone-dependent nuclear translocation of GR was reduced by approximately 70% in both cell lines. Reduced activation of GR resulted in diminished GR recruitment to known regulatory regions in the GILZ promoter in the presence of UPA. We next evaluated the effect of UPA on glucocorticoid-mediated transcription in primary cells. Co-treatment of dexamethasone with UPA blunted glucocorticoid responsiveness in primary human uterine fibroid tissue cultured ex vivo. To determine whether UPA could inhibit endogenous glucocorticoid signaling, mice were treated with vehicle or 2 mg/kg UPA and various tissues were isolated for gene expression analysis. UPA inhibited basal expression of Per1, Fkbp5, and Gilz in the uterus and liver, and lung but not the spleen. These studies suggest that UPA selectively regulates GR activity, which is an important consideration for its use as a long-term therapeutic agent.
Representation matters: An exploration of the socio-economic impacts of ICT-enabled public value in the context of sub-Saharan economies

Abstract In this investigation we use a modified Networked Readiness Index (NRI) framework to investigate whether (1) ICT capabilities impact public value creation, and (2) if the public value is associated with the socio-economic impact of ICT capabilities. In the case of this study the construct Public Value is represented via two different proxies. In the first case we use a perception-based measure of public value (as represented by the World Government Indicators) and in the second case we use a surrogate objective measure (as represented by the Cost of Business Startup Procedures (CBSP)). We use a six-step multi-method methodology that involves Cluster Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Decision Trees Induction, Data Envelopment Analysis, Association Rules Mining, and Ordinary Least Squares regression to conduct the inquiry in the context of 26 Sub-Saharan (SSA) economies. Results of our data analysis include: 1) the set of economies with better developed ICT Capabilities are relatively more efficient in converting ICT Capabilities into Public Value than the relatively poorer economies with less developed ICT Capabilities; 2) High levels of ICT capabilities in the areas of Affordability Readiness, Skills Readiness, the Political & Regulatory Environment, and Business Usage allow for relatively more efficient generation of Public Value.
Prenatal treatment path for angelman syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation or deletion of the maternally inherited UBE3A allele. These pathogenic mutations lead to loss of maternal UBE3A expression in neurons. Antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapies are in development, which activate the intact but epigenetically silenced paternal UBE3A allele. Preclinical studies indicate that treating during the prenatal period could greatly reduce the severity of symptoms or prevent AS from developing. Genetic tests can detect the chromosome 15q11-q13 deletion that is the most common cause of AS. New, highly sensitive noninvasive prenatal tests that take advantage of single-cell genome sequencing technologies are expected to enter the clinic in the coming years and make early genetic diagnosis of AS more common. Efforts are needed to identify fetuses and newborns with maternal 15q11-q13 deletions and to phenotype these babies relative to neurotypical controls. Clinical and parent observations suggest AS symptoms are detectable in infants, including reports of problems with feeding and motor function. Quantitative phenotypes in the 0- to 1-year age range will permit a more rapid assessment of efficacy when future treatments are administered prenatally or shortly after birth. Although prenatal therapies are currently not available for AS, prenatal testing combined with prenatal treatment has the potential to revolutionize how clinicians detect and treat babies before they are symptomatic. This pioneering prenatal treatment path for AS will lay the foundation for treating other syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 11-17. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Prenatal treatment could benefit expectant parents whose babies test positive for the chromosome microdeletion that causes Angelman syndrome (AS). Prenatal treatment is predicted to have better outcomes than treating after symptoms develop and may even prevent AS altogether. This approach could generally be applied to the treatment of other syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders.
Elastography in the evaluation of liver allograft

Elastography is an established technique in the evaluation of chronic liver diseases. While there is a large clinical experience and data available regarding the performance of elastography in native liver, elastography experience with liver grafts is limited and still growing. Both ultrasound-based elastography techniques and MR Elastography (MRE) are useful in the assessment of liver fibrosis in liver transplants. Technical modifications for performing elastography will be required for optimum evaluation of the graft. In general, caution needs to be exercised regarding the use of elastography immediately following transplantation as post-operative changes, perioperative conditions/complications, inflammation, and rejection can cause increased stiffness in the graft. In the follow-up, detection of increased stiffness with elastography is useful for predicting development of fibrosis in the graft. Adjunctive MRI or ultrasound with Doppler also provides comprehensive evaluation of anatomy, vascular anastomosis and patency, biliary tree, and stiffness for fibrosis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of elastography techniques available followed by the literature review of elastography in the evaluation of grafts and illustration with clinical examples.
Model Predictive Self-healing Control Scheme for Dual Active Bridge Converter

This paper presents a model predictive self-healing control (MPSC) of dual active bridge (DAB) converter for battery energy storage system (BESS) application. The main feature of the proposed MPSC scheme is an autonomous corrective action at the prediction stage in comparison to conventional model predictive control (MPC) approach. This feature is required in particular for predictive controlled DAB converter to ensure and validate the predicted AC link inductor's current n-step ahead in horizon of time. The proposed MPSC for DAB converter doesn't require substantial tuning effort in comparison to conventional control schemes for DAB converters. The MPSC cost function is developed based on the desired phase shift between the primary and secondary sides' voltages of the DAB transformer. The self-healing loop utilizes the feasible range of power transfer in conjunction with the AC link inductor's voltage status i.e. profile, to validate the predicted current and phase shift for the cost function. The AC link inductor voltage profile in DAB converter could cause high error in predicted current, thus the proposed self-healing loop autonomously corrects potential error in current prediction. The theoretical concepts are validated via several case studies for the considered BESS application. The performance and design effort of the controller is compared with conventional PI-based control schemes for DAB.
A momentum-based method for the mass concentration measurement of pneumatically conveyed solid: design optimization

Mass concentration measurement of pneumatically conveyed solid is still challeging in industry. In our previous work (Liu G.Q., The 5th International Conference on Advances in Energy Resources and Environment Engineering, December 6-8, 2019, Chongqing, China.), a novel momentum-based method with more reliable measurement mechanism and simpler structure was developed and computationally validated with a one-end closed straight tube. In this paper, optimization on the structure of the metering tube is conducted to improve the measurement sensitivity represented by the conversion factor k. Tubes with a conical inlet are found to possess higher k than that of the straight tube. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations show that k generally increases with decreasing half-cone angle at fixed radius and decreases with decreasing restitution coefficient of collision between particles and the tube walls.
Efficient Representations of Tumor Diversity with Paired DNA-RNA Anomalies

Cancer cells display massive dysregulation of key regulatory pathways due to now well- catalogued mutations and other DNA-related aberrations. Moreover, enormous heterogeneity has been commonly observed in the identity, frequency, and location of these aberrations across individuals with the same cancer type or subtype, and this variation naturally propagates to the transcriptome, resulting in myriad types of dysregulated gene expression programs. Many have argued that a more integrative and quantitative analysis of heterogeneity of DNA and RNA molecular profiles may be necessary for designing more systematic explorations of alternative therapies and improving predictive accuracy. We introduce a representation of multi-omics profiles which is sufficiently rich to account for observed heterogeneity and support the construction of quantitative, integrated metrics of variation. Starting from the network of interactions existing in Reactome, we build a library of "paired DNA- RNA anomalies" that represent prototypical and recurrent patterns of dysregulation in cancer; each two-gene "motif" consists of a "source" regulatory gene and a "target" gene whose expression is "controlled" by the source gene. The pair motif is then "active" or "realized" in a joint DNA-RNA profile if the source gene is DNA-aberrant (e.g., mutated, deleted, or duplicated), and the downstream target gene is "RNA-divergent", meaning its expression level is outside the normal, baseline range. With M motifs, each sample profile has exactly one of the 2M possible configurations. We focus our analyses on reduced configurations by selecting tissue-dependent minimal coverings that we define as the smallest family of motifs with the property that every sample in the considered population displays at least one active motif; these minimal coverings can be computed with integer programming. Given such a covering, a natural measure of cross-sample diversity is the extent to which the particular active motifs vary from sample to sample; this variability is captured by the entropy of the distribution over configurations. We apply this program to data from TCGA for six distinct tumor types (breast, prostate, lung, colon, liver, and kidney cancer). This enables an efficient simplification of the complex landscape observed in cancer populations, resulting in the identification of novel signatures of molecular alterations which are not detected with frequency-based criteria. Estimates of cancer heterogeneity across tumor phenotypes reveals a stable pattern: entropy increases with disease severity. This framework is then well-suited to accommodate the expanding complexity of cancer genomes and epigenomes emerging from large consortia projects.
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix on Skin Rejuvenation: A Split-Face Comparison.

BACKGROUND Despite the increasingly popular use of platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) for facial rejuvenation, no studies have evaluated its effects on skin. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PRFM on skin quality as measured by the Canfield VISIA Complexion Analysis System. METHODS This was a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at a single center comparing 2 groups. Thirty patients received a PRFM injection in the mid-cheek region and nasolabial fold on one side of the face and saline on the contralateral side. The primary outcome measure was the difference between pre- and posttreatment total VISIA skin scores for each group at 6 and 12 weeks. The change in subscores for each skin parameter was also calculated. RESULTS There were 30 participants, with a mean [standard deviation] age of 49.9 [13.9] years. At 6 weeks, the median change in total VISIA score (interquartile range) was -1.77 (2.36) in the PRFM group and -0.73 (2.09) in the saline group (P = 0.003). The only skin parameter that had a significantly different change in score between the groups was texture (P = 0.004). At 12 weeks, the change in median score was -1.31 (3.26) in the PRFM cohort and -0.76 (2.21) in the saline cohort (P = 0.34). There was no statistical significance in the change in score for any of the individual skin parameters. CONCLUSIONS PRFM can objectively improve skin quality compared with placebo. Texture was the only skin parameter that significantly improved, which is consistent with PRFM's role as a filler agent. The results appear to persist for at least 6 weeks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1
A Model-Driven Framework for Optimum Application Placement in Fog Computing Using a Machine Learning Based Approach

The pervasiveness of ubiquitously connected smart devices are the main factors in shaping the computing. With the advent of Internet of things (IoTs), massive amount of data is being generated from different sources. The centralized architecture of cloud has become inefficient for the services provision to IoT enabled applications. For better support and services, fog layer is introduced in order to manage the IoT applications demands like latency, responsiveness, deadlines, resource availability and access time etc. of the fog nodes. However, there are some issues related to resource management and fog nodes allocation to the requesting application based on user expectations in the fog layer that need to be addressed. In this paper, we have proposed a Framework, based on Model Driven Software Engineering (MDSE) that practices Machine Learning algorithms and places fog enabled IoT applications at a most suitable fog node. MDSE is meant to develop software by exploiting the problem at domain model level. It is the abstract representation of knowledge that enhances productivity by maximization of compatibility between the systems. The proposed framework is a meta-model that prioritizes the placement requests of applications based on their required expectations and calculates the abilities of the fog nodes for different application placement requests. Rules based machine learning methods are used to create rules based on user’s requirements metrics and then results are optimized to get requesting device placement in the fog layer. At the end, a case study is conducted that uses fuzzy logic for application mapping and shows how the actual application placement will be done by the framework. The proposed meta-model reduces complexity and provides flexibility to make further enhancements according to the user’s requirement to use any of the Machine Learning approaches.
“A duty, an opportunity and a pleasure”: connecting archives and public history

This article explores the intersection of public history and archives, with particular reference to the practice of promoting broad participation in interpreting the historical past. Key concepts i...
Coupled valence carrier and core-exciton dynamics in WS 2 probed by few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet transient absorption spectroscopy

Author(s): Chang, Hung-Tzu; Guggenmos, Alexander; Chen, Christopher T; Oh, Juwon; Geneaux, Romain; Chuang, Yi-De; Schwartzberg, Adam M; Aloni, Shaul; Neumark, Daniel M; Leone, Stephen R | Abstract: Few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy, performed with optical 500-1000 nm supercontinuum and broadband XUV pulses (30-50 eV), simultaneously probes dynamics of photoexcited carriers in WS$_{2}$ at the W O$_3$ edge (37-45 eV) and carrier-induced modifications of core-exciton absorption at the W N$_{6,7}$ edge (32-37 eV). Access to continuous core-to-conduction band absorption features and discrete core-exciton transitions in the same XUV spectral region in a semiconductor provides a novel means to investigate the effect of carrier excitation on core-exciton dynamics. The core-level transient absorption spectra, measured with either pulse arriving first to explore both core-level and valence carrier dynamics, reveal that core-exciton transitions are strongly influenced by the photoexcited carriers. A $1.2\pm0.3$ ps hole-phonon relaxation time and a $3.1\pm0.4$ ps carrier recombination time are extracted from the XUV transient absorption spectra from the core-to-conduction band transitions at the W O$_{3}$ edge. Global fitting of the transient absorption signal at the W N$_{6,7}$ edge yields $\sim 10$ fs coherence lifetimes of core-exciton states and reveals that the photoexcited carriers, which alter the electronic screening and band filling, are the dominant contributor to the spectral modifications of core-excitons and direct field-induced changes play a minor role. This work provides a first look at the modulations of core-exciton states by photoexcited carriers and advances our understanding of carrier dynamics in metal dichalcogenides.
Trends in Polyethylene Design and Manufacturing Characteristics for Total Knee Arthroplasty: an Analysis From the American Joint Replacement Registry.

BACKGROUND Advances in polyethylene bearing characteristics have led to various options for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We examine trends in use of polyethylene in the United States. METHODS An analysis of American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR) data from 2012-2019 for primary TKA procedures. Design and manufacturing characteristics were obtained and validated in the AJRR dataset. Polyethylene bearing design and manufacturing use characteristics were compared by year, gender, age group and geographic region of the procedure. Descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS We identified 993,292 cases over the study period. 791,233 (80%) of cases had complete device data available and were included in analysis. 366,280 (49.4%) utilized minimally stabilized bearings compared to 374,809 (50.6%) for posterior stabilized (PS). PS use was stable over the study period and highest in the northeast 64.5% (p<0.0001). Cruciate retaining (CR) use decreased from 29.7% to 20.2% and anterior stabilized (AS) use increased from 17.4% to 25.2%. Conventional polyethylene use decreased from 42.8% to 21.9%, and was highest in the 81+ age group 37.8% (p<0.0001), and northeast 43.0% (p<0.0001). Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) with antioxidant use increased from 9.08% to 31.8%, while HXLPE without antioxidant use remained constant. CONCLUSION There was an increase in use of AS and Pivot Bearings and an increase in use of HXLPE with antioxidant. Additionally, there were noted age group and regional differences in the use of various bearings. Further study should evaluate if these changing utilization trends are related to clinical outcomes, or due to regional training, preferences or manufacturer pressures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective.
A Modeling-Based Inquiry Framework for Early Childhood Science Learning

In this chapter, we present a modeling-based inquiry framework for the teaching and learning of science in early childhood classrooms. The framework that we present is grounded in our beliefs that (1) a fundamental cultural feature of science is the process of constructing, testing/evaluating, and reconstructing models of the world, and (2) PreK-2 science instruction should be designed to facilitate—through discourse-rich interactions—young children’s understanding of the relationships among domain models as well as their ability to use models generatively. Reflecting a modeling-based inquiry orientation to the teaching and learning of science, our framework is an adaptation and extension of seven key features of the National Research Council’s Practices of for K-12 Science Classrooms from the Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Drawing from a research study involving a kindergarten science unit on “What is Science?”, we provide an example of how teacher-scaffolded inquiry discourse helps children learn to articulate physical science models and develop an understanding of models and modeling in the science classroom, illustrating several dimensions of the framework including: articulating a model; identifying evidence with which to make a prediction; communicating models, and collecting and analyzing evidence. Finally, we discuss how the modeling-based inquiry framework has yielded important theoretical information about the nature of young children’s conceptual development in science and provide implications for its use in classrooms and future research.