cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Everything I Ever Needed to Know About Genetic Counseling Research I Learned from Attending the Jane Engelberg Memorial Fellowship Grantmanship Seminar.

In 1995 the Board of the National Society of Genetic Counselors’ (NSGC) Jane Engelberg Memorial Fellowship (JEMF) had the foresight to fund an invited 2-day grantsmanship seminar for 22 genetic counselors. The mix of attendees ranged from new genetic counseling graduates to genetic counseling program directors. However, our outstanding faculty had few familiar faces. Most of the instructors were intellectual visitors to our profession, with minimal experience in genetic counseling. They were expert writers and stellar researchers in qualitative and quantitative methodology. By the end of our retreat, the faculty was enthusiastic about our research ideas in this emerging field of genetic counseling, and our minds were opened to applying qualitative and quantitative research methodology to questions in our everyday practice. A new partnership began. We attendees could converse in the language of focus groups, grounded-theory, narrative analysis, ethnography/participant observation, and participation action research, and the faculty became die-hard fans of genetic counseling research. Each aspect of the seminar was excellent, and I soaked in the soothing retreat atmosphere and the support of new colleagues. Our learning environment was nestled in the dramatic Colorado Rockies in Colorado Springs. Both mornings I rose early and walked through the hills colored by a spectacular sunrise and swam in the pool hoping to catch a glimpse of the resident moose. I even found a fossil. I was struck by Section I of the NSGC Code of Ethics, which states that we are responsible for our own physical and emotional health. For me to advance in my field, I must also take care of myself (a hard lesson for a mother of three). The camaraderie of the participants was also remarkable. Each of us
The Use of Hybridoma Antibodies to Probe the Antigenic Determinants of Thyroglobulin

Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis has provided a fruitful model for the study of human autoimmune disease and for deepening our understanding of the mechanisms of self-non-self discriminationl. The disease is produced by injection of mice (or other experimental animals) with crude mouse thyroid extract or purified mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) together with a suitable adjuvant. Injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) with MTg elicits production of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and infiltration of the thyroid gland by lymphocytes, macrophages and other mononuclear cells; i.e., chronic thyroiditis is produced. Injection of large doses of MTg without adjuvant renders mice unresponsive to MTg, due to production of MTg-specific suppressor T cells9. Immunization with Tg under diverse conditions, therefore, may lead to autoantibodies alone, to both autoantibodies and thyroid lesions, or to suppression.
Analysis of Small Angle Particle-Particle Correlations Via Classical Trajectory Calculations

A classical trajectory model, MENEKA, is described which addresses small angle correlations resulting from final state Coulombic interations between pairs of detected particles. The model takes particular care of the details of the detector array geometry and reproduces the observed singles and coincidence spectra. Three different forms of correlation functions are studied for their sensitivity to emission time, emission order and source size. The MENEKA analysis is applied to data from 34 MeV/A 40Ar + 107Ag to obtain the relative emission order for d-Li pairs. A similar analysis for the extraction of emission time information from particle energy-gated data for d-d pairs shows a wide range of emission times from ~ 1000 fm/c at 10 MeV Ecm to ~ 50 fm/c at 40 MeV Ecm.
Applied Color-Vision Research

Most of us recognize from personal experience that, when they are designed properly, multicolor displays are not only more pleasing aesthetically than monochrome displays, but also convey more information and/or do so at higher rates. (Perhaps this is why they are more pleasing.) The catch is that color must be used “properly”; therefore, much of the applied color-vision research that has been performed has been directed toward increasing our understanding of how to do this. This chapter reviews some of the topics that have attracted special interest and, where it is appropriate, makes recommendations based upon the research findings.
Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease

Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) is a term used to describe therapeutic efforts in patients with established disease. For patients who have sustained a myocardial infarction or who have developed clinical manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis, strategies for secondary prevention remain a subject of much controversy as well as burgeoning interest. Treatment of coronary disease has received so much attention because of its prevalence. Coronary disease affects 1 1/2 million Americans annually and is the leading cause of death in the United States and many countries in Western Europe. Secondary prevention is controversial, in part, because the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with coronary disease are not fully understood, and the rationale for various interventions is not always evident.
Supervised Learning: How Training Detects Microvasculature in Photoacoustic Images

Vessel segmentation algorithms in photoacoustic images suffer from discontinued vessels. We developed a supervised learning algorithm that determines vessels and non-vessels. Our results indicated our algorithm can determine more microvasculature.
Constraining parton energy loss via angular and momentum based differential jet measurements at STAR

Abstract Parton energy loss has been established as an essential signature of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in heavy ion collisions since the earliest measurements at RHIC indicating suppression of hadron spectra at high pT and coincidence yields. Understanding this phenomenon of jet quenching is a requirement for extracting the microscopic properties of the QGP via jet-tomography. STAR has recently introduced a technique called Jet Geometry Engineering (JGE) wherein we enforce particular selection criteria imposed on the jet collection, such as recoiling off a high pT hadron trigger along with an additional transverse momentum threshold for jet constituents in events with back-to-back di-jets. With JGE, we are able to control the extent of energy loss ranging from quenched/imbalanced to recovered/balanced di-jets. Since jet quenching is also expected to be dependent on the resolution/transverse-length scales with which the jet probes the medium, it is necessary to perform differential measurements with a handle on both momentum and angular scales. To quantify the angular scale within jets, we present the first measurement of the jet's inherent angular structure in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV via the opening angle between the two leading sub-jets (θSJ). We also measure the di-jet asymmetry AJ differentially as a function of the θSJ observable for these di-jets and find no significant dependence of the energy loss on the opening angle of the recoil jet.
Mathematical Properties of Linkage Disequilibrium Statistics Defined by Normalization of the Coefficient D = pAB - pApB.

Background Many statistics for measuring linkage disequilibrium (LD) take the form of a normalization of the LD coefficient D. Different normalizations produce statistics with different ranges, interpretations, and arguments favoring their use. Methods Here, to compare the mathematical properties of these normalizations, we consider 5 of these normalized statistics, describing their upper bounds, the mean values of their maxima over the set of possible allele frequency pairs, and the size of the allele frequency regions accessible given specified values of the statistics. Results We produce detailed characterizations of these properties for the statistics d and ρ, analogous to computations previously performed for r2. We examine the relationships among the statistics, uncovering conditions under which some of them have close connections. Conclusion The results contribute insight into LD measurement, particularly the understanding of differences in the features of different LD measures when computed on the same data.
Association of Prescription Opioid Exposure and Patient Factors With Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use in Opioid-Naïve Patients.

The purpose of this research study was to identify factors associated with prolonged postoperative opioid use in opioid-naive patients in 2 domains: specific patient characteristics and exposure through postoperative opioid prescriptions. A retrospective analysis was conducted of electronic medical records of opioid-naive adult orthopedic surgical patients at a large academic medical center from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2017. In this cohort, 4% continued to refill opioid prescriptions more than 90 days after their surgical procedure. Prolonged use was associated with an initial prescription that had an oral morphine milligram equivalent above 675. Receipt of opioid prescription refills was a significant predictor for receiving additional opioid prescriptions over time. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the independent predictors of prolonged postoperative opioid use were alcohol abuse, black race, Medicaid insurance, and the following comorbidities: diabetes, mood disorder, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. To decrease the rate of prolonged postoperative opioid use, clinical changes can be investigated, including collaborative perioperative pain management strategies using nonopioid pain control methods; perioperative patient screening; education of patients and clinicians; and close postoperative follow-up, especially in the most vulnerable populations.
LOW BLOOD PRESSURE AND THE RISK OF DEATH AND STROKE IN CONTEMPORARY LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE RECIPIENTS

Maintaining low mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients was suggested to be associated with reduced risk of adverse outcomes, including stroke and death. However, the lower limit of the optimal MAP range in LVAD patients has not
Mobility Skills With Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking in Persons With SCI: Results From a Three Center Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Clinical exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) programs for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have been established, but many unknown variables remain. These include addressing staffing needs, determining the number of sessions needed to achieve a successful walking velocity milestone for ambulation, distinguishing potential achievement goals according to level of injury, and deciding the number of sessions participants need to perform in order to meet the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for personal use prescription in the home and community. The primary aim of this study was to determine the number of sessions necessary to achieve adequate EAW skills and velocity milestones, and the percentage of participants able to achieve these skills by 12 sessions and to determine the skill progression over the course of 36 sessions. Methods: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted across three sites, in persons with chronic (≥6 months) non-ambulatory SCI. Eligible participants were randomized (within site) to either the EAW arm first (Group 1), three times per week for 36 sessions, striving to be completed in 12 weeks or the usual activity arm (UA) first (Group 2), followed by a crossover to the other arm for both groups. The 10-meter walk test seconds (s) (10MWT), 6-min walk test meters (m) (6MWT), and the Timed-Up-and-Go (s) (TUG) were performed at 12, 24, and 36 sessions. To test walking performance in the exoskeletal devices, nominal velocities and distance milestones were chosen prior to study initiation, and were used for the 10MWT (≤ 40s), 6MWT (≥80m), and TUG (≤ 90s). All walking tests were performed with the exoskeletons. Results: A total of 50 participants completed 36 sessions of EAW training. At 12 sessions, 31 (62%), 35 (70%), and 36 (72%) participants achieved the 10MWT, 6MWT, and TUG milestones, respectively. By 36 sessions, 40 (80%), 41 (82%), and 42 (84%) achieved the 10MWT, 6MWT, and TUG criteria, respectively. Conclusions: It is feasible to train chronic non-ambulatory individuals with SCI in performance of EAW sufficiently to achieve reasonable mobility skill outcome milestones.
Do Reserved Seats Work? Evidence from Tribal Representatives in Maine

Do reserved seats yield substantive representation for traditionally marginalized groups? To answer that question, we examine reserved seats for Native American tribes in the Maine legislature. Tribal representatives, who can participate in debate but lack a vote, have represented tribes in Maine's predominantly white legislature since statehood in 1820. We take advantage of a 1995 rule change that allowed tribal representatives to initiate legislation, and an original dataset of pro-tribal bills, to estimate the effect of reserved seats on the production of pro-tribal bills. We find that once tribal representatives were allowed to write bills, they produced over half of all tribal-related legislation during a 35-year period. Legislators with tribal constituents sponsored fewer relevant bills after the reform but continued to cosponsor pro-tribal legislation. Although our results are promising, we caution that reserved seats are not a panacea for improving indigenous representation.
Phase Change Cooling of Spacecraft Electronics: Terrestrial Reference Experiments Prior to ISS Microgravity Experiments

This experimental, terrestrial study is part of a larger effort to dissipate increased heat fluxes through enhanced pool boiling in spacecraft electronics prior to an extensive study to be conducted on the International Space Station under pristine microgravity conditions. The absence of buoyancy forces in microgravity causes vapor bubbles to grow to a very large size, leading to premature critical heat flux (CHF). Using an engineered surface modification, namely an asymmetric sawtooth ratchet, to create mobility of the vapor mass can alleviate this problem. The stainless steel (SS 316L) test surfaces were fabricated using powder bed fusion, a metal additive manufacturing process. Vapor mobility was observed in the downward-facing configuration for the asymmetric sawtooth structure explored in the stud y. A thin liquid film was observed underneath the vapor bubbles as they slid along the microstructure. The asymmetric nature of this liquid film is explored using high-speed imaging at the crest and trough of the sawtooth. The proposed asymmetric saw-tooth microstructure is a potential technique to induce motion of vapor bubbles across electronic components when reduced buoyancy forces do not detach vapor bubbles from the surface.
The Impact of Advertisements on User Attention During Permission Authorization

Advertisements are an integral part of websites and play an important role in generating revenue. Many websites also present users with permission authorization windows. For instance, Facebook’s third-party application authorization window is displayed when playing a game on various gaming websites. Although researchers have investigated the impact of advertisements on user frustration and their ability to process content, the extent to which advertisements distract the users during permission authorization has not been explored. This paper investigates the impact of advertisement’s presence and its content type on user’s attention during permission authorization. We conducted a between-subjects experiment on the mockup of a popular gaming website that contained banner advertisements. The control group was presented with no advertisements above the permission authorization dialog. Whereas, the treatment group was presented with static or animated advertisements. Eye-gaze tracking was performed while participants interacted with the applications. We observed that the presence of animated advertisements that contain sound significantly distracted participants away from the permission authorization window. Our findings suggest that increasing the number of distraction elements (e.g., animation and sound) increases the likelihood of users ignoring text on important windows such as permission authorization windows. Moreover, the use of shopping and politics related advertisements, can attract more attention compared to food and sports related advertisements.
Healthcare Shift Workers' Temporal Habits for Eating, Sleeping, and Light Exposure: A Multi-Instrument Pilot Study.

Background Circadian misalignment can impair healthcare shift workers' physical and mental health, resulting in sleep deprivation, obesity, and chronic disease. This multidisciplinary research team assessed eating patterns and sleep/physical activity of healthcare workers on three different shifts (day, night, and rotating-shift). To date, no study of real-world shift workers' daily eating and sleep has utilized a largely-objective measurement. Method During this fourteen-day observational study, participants wore two devices (Actiwatch and Bite Technologies counter) to measure physical activity, sleep, light exposure, and eating time. Participants also reported food intake via food diaries on personal mobile devices. Results In fourteen (5 day-, 5 night-, and 4 rotating-shift) participants, no baseline difference in BMI was observed. Overall, rotating-shift workers consumed fewer calories and had less activity and sleep than day- and night-shift workers. For eating patterns, compared to night- and rotating-shift, day-shift workers ate more frequently during work days. Night workers, however, consumed more calories at work relative to day and rotating workers. For physical activity and sleep, night-shift workers had the highest activity and least sleep on work days. Conclusion This pilot study utilized primarily objective measurement to examine shift workers' habits outside the laboratory. Although no association between BMI and eating patterns/activity/sleep was observed across groups, a small, homogeneous sample may have influenced this. Overall, shift work was associated with 1) increased calorie intake and higher-fat and -carbohydrate diets and 2) sleep deprivation. A larger, more diverse sample can participate in future studies that objectively measure shift workers' real-world habits.
Characterization of a hepatitis a outbreak in underserved urban tertiary safety net hospitals.

Abstract Outbreaks of Hepatitis A, caused by the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), remain a worldwide health concern. We conducted a retrospective chart review to characterize patients with acute HAV during an outbreak at our urban tertiary care center to better characterize patients infected with HAV. We searched our electronic records for patients with positive HAV IgM antibodies during a period of outbreak in Philadelphia, May 2017-December 2019. Characteristics of patients were recorded. We searched an equal period of time prior to the outbreak, September 2014-April 2017, to compare the two patient populations. During the outbreak we diagnosed 205 cases of acute HAV compared to just 23 during an equal time period prior to the onset of the outbreak. When compared to the results reported by the public health department for 2019, this accounted for 39.9% of patients documented in the city. A history of drug use was found in 49.4% of our patients while 19.5% of patients were homeless. Our analysis of homelessness and drug usage among documented cases of HAV during the outbreak period mirrored data reported by the city. Further, our analysis found that 7 zip codes accounted for 60% of our patients. Biochemical measures of liver function were higher in patients examined during the outbreak.
Christian Responses to Roman Art and Architecture: The Second-Century Church amid the Spaces of Empire

Introduction Part I. Framing the Question, Framing the World: 1. What is an apology? Christian apologies and the so-called second sophistic 2. What is the space of the Roman Empire? Mapping, bodies, and knowledge in the Roman World Part II. Into the Cities: 3. What informs the geographical imagination? The acts of the Apostles and Greek cities under Rome 4. What is justice? What is piety? What is paideia? Justin, the forum of Trajan in Rome, and a crisis of mimesis Part III. Human Bodies and the Image(s) of God(s): 5. How do you know God? Athenagoras on names and images 6. What do we learn when we look? (Part I) Images, desire, and Tatian's To the Greeks 7. What do we learn when we look? (Part II) Aphrodite and Clement of Alexandria Epilogue.
Risk-based alarm calling in a nonpasserine bird

Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of risk-based variation in alarm calling in many vertebrate species. Most of the studies on birds, however, have focused on passerine systems perhaps due to the traditional view that passerine vocalizations are more complex. We investigated the presence of a risk-based alarm calling system in a nonpasserine, the herring gull, Larus argentatus, by recording birds presented with varying degrees of threat, and experimentally exposing and quantifying responses to manipulated alarm calls. We found that herring gulls communicate threat urgency in their alarm calls using both frequency and time parameters. Sound recordings indicated that herring gulls change centre frequency modulation patterns of their alarm calls, generate frequency discontinuities in notes and increase the rate of calling with increases in perceived threat level. Playback experiments showed that conspecifics pay attention to both frequency and time parameters and respond most urgently to playbacks of high-threat calls at a high call rate. A less urgent response to high-threat calls at a low call rate and to low-threat calls at a high call rate suggests that threat urgency information is reinforced by both call type and call rate in the herring gull system. This study is one of the first demonstrations of a risk-based alarm calling system in a nonpasserine.
The Thymus Gland: Experimental and Clinical Studies of Its Role in the Development and Expression of Immune Functions‡

Publisher Summary The mechanism by which the thymus gland exerts its vital influence over the lymphoid system is, at present, largely formulated by hypotheses that are based on rapidly accumulating experimental data. The most primitive vertebrate to possess a thymus-like structure is the lamprey. In most mammals, the thymus is similar to the gland of lower vertebrates. The thymus gland exerts a cardinal role in the regulation of the development and expression of host immunological competence, notably phenomena reflecting cell-mediated immunity. The thymus exerts its regulatory influences by at least two mechanisms: (1) secretion of thymosin, a thymic humoral principle, and (2) functioning as a primary site for the production of classes of lymphoid cells which contribute to host immunity. The increased interest in experimental and clinical studies of the thymus provide a clearer understanding of the chemical nature of thymic secretions and of the processes basic to the contributions of the thymus to normal and pathological states.
Eliminating Rumination in Developmentally Disabled Children: A Case Report.

Rumination is the effortless regurgitation of food, with subsequent spitting out or rechewing and reswallowing. In developmentally delayed children, rumination is a pleasurable, self-stimulating habit. For 3 years, we evaluated and treated 2 nonambulatory, nonverbal 4-year-old children who ruminated frequently while awake. The social isolation caused by a child covered in regurgitated food prompted caregivers of these children to find a solution. We hypothesized that rumination would cease if the stomach stayed empty of food. We intervened by placing gastrojejunostomy tubes and then initiated continuous drip jejunal tube feedings over 12 waking hours to reduce hunger; the children’s oral diet was also stopped. In both cases, these changes reduced episodes of rumination to 3 to 5 times daily. To eliminate rumination, unpleasant tasting substances ( N -acetylcysteine or cayenne pepper–based hot sauce) were given through the gastrostomy tube every 4 hours while the children were awake. Within 1 week of adding the unpalatable substances, rumination ceased. After 2 months of no rumination, 1 mother restarted oral feeding. There was no recurrence of rumination, and 3 months after gastrojejunal tube placement, the tube was removed. In 1 year of follow-up, rumination did not recur. The second mother was pleased with the outcome with jejunal feedings and chose not to resume oral feedings. These results showed that jejunal tube feeding in combination with insertion of unpalatable contents into the stomach eliminated rumination in these developmentally delayed children.
Mathematical website constructions for prospective elementary school teachers

This study explored the performance of pre-service elementary school mathematics teachers who created, modified, and uploaded web pages for a future classroom site. Results showed the prospective teachers were successful: (1) using a web page editor, images, and links to prepare their individual website projects; and (2) completing examination items related to website construction. More than 70% of the future teachers indicated they enjoyed the project, and an equal percentage reported they had learned web page editing skills. Suggestions for enhancing the changed curriculum included increasing the emphasis on mathematics learning and better integrating content on spreadsheets and websites.
Magnetic, Optical and Charge-Transfer Spectra of Antiferromagnetic Solid α-O2 and “Paramagnetic” Solid β-O2: A Small-Cluster, Many-Electron Calculation

The electronic spectra of α and β solid O2 were calculated in a full many-body approach for a cluster consisting of four O2 molecules with periodic boundary conditions. By including only the partially occupied π orbitals (16 spin-orbitals, 8 electrons) the basis set consists of 12870 many-electron states. Use of the symmetry properties (group-theoretical analysis) simplifies the problem considerably. Resulting spectra - with phenomenological Hamiltonian parameters obtained from experiment - consist of separate regions: (a) 81 states corresponding to the ground state and low-energy magnetic excitations (magnons); (b) 1215 states of neutral molecular excitations (excitons); and (c) 11574 charge-transfer states (conducting high-energy states). Analysis of the properties of the ground states in both α and β solid O2 has been carried out.
The 0-th stable A^1-homotopy sheaf and quadratic zero cycles

We study the 0-th stable A^1-homotopy sheaf of a smooth proper variety over a field k assumed to be infinite, perfect and to have characteristic unequal to 2. We provide an explicit description of this sheaf in terms of the theory of (twisted) Chow-Witt groups as defined by Barge-Morel and developed by Fasel. We study the notion of rational point up to stable A^1-homotopy, defined in terms of the stable A^1-homotopy sheaf of groups mentioned above. We show that, for a smooth proper k-variety X, existence of a rational point up to stable A^1-homotopy is equivalent to existence of a 0-cycle of degree 1.
Orbital carcinomas treated with adjuvant intensity‐modulated radiation therapy

Background The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of patients with orbital carcinomas treated with orbital exenteration and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods Twenty-nine patients were treated with orbital exenteration and postoperative IMRT between 2002 through 2011; their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results Adenoid cystic carcinoma represented the most common histology (41%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (21%). Perineural invasion (PNI) was identified in 22 patients (76%). The median radiation dose was 60 Gy (range, 60–70). Seven patients (24%) received neck radiation. The median follow-up was 43 months (range, 5–102 months). Five-year local control, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival rates were 83%, 60%, and 55%, respectively. PNI (p = .01) and especially involvement of a named nerve (p = .001) significantly correlated with worse OS. Conclusion Favorable disease control rates for orbital carcinomas are achievable with IMRT after orbital exenteration even for patients with advanced disease. Toxicity for the contralateral eye was minimal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Pierre-Michel Menger: The Economics of Creativity: Art and Achievement Under Uncertainty

The financial crisis has fueled the production of books claiming that uncertainty has been a major outcome of recent economic and social developments, perpetuating a climate of risk in advanced wes...
Explicitly incorporating socioeconomic criteria and data into marine protected area zoning

Abstract Addressing community needs or aspirations is critical for the success of marine protected areas (MPAs). However MPA design based on the results of systematic conservation planning tools alone does not fully represent important information on socioeconomic factors. This is because of the reliance of conservation planning tools on spatial data which is better suited to ecological rather than socioeconomic factors which are predominantly non-spatial. We present a case study from Raja Ampat in Indonesia, to demonstrate how we developed MPA zoning plans for six multiple use MPAs that encompass more than 1 million ha of the world's most diverse coral reef ecosystems. These were developed by combining analysis of ecological and spatial socioeconomic data using decision support tools (Marzone), and incorporation of non-spatial socioeconomic data from experts, stakeholders, and local communities. By explicitly including socioeconomic criteria and data into MPA zoning, the final zoning plans recognize community use and governance of resources, maximize equity and access to traditional fishing grounds, and better support long-term food security and livelihoods of local communities. These plans also met recommended guidelines for resilient MPA design and were supported by the community and MPA managers (i.e. Raja Ampat Regency and Indonesian National Government). This case study can act as a guide to other MPA managers and conservation practitioners to better incorporate socioeconomic considerations into MPA zoning plans and systematic marine conservation planning.
Defining the effects of storage on platelet bioenergetics: The role of increased proton leak

The quality of platelets decreases over storage time, shortening their shelf life and potentially worsening transfusion outcomes. The changes in mitochondrial function associated with platelet storage are poorly defined and to address this we measured platelet bioenergetics in freshly isolated and stored platelets. We demonstrate that the hypotonic stress test stimulates both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and the stored platelets showed a decreased recovery to this stress. We found no change in aggregability between the freshly isolated and stored platelets. Bioenergetic parameters were changed including increased proton leak and decreased basal respiration and this was reflected in a lower bioenergetic health index (BHI). Mitochondrial electron transport, measured in permeabilized platelets, showed only minor changes which are unlikely to have a significant impact on platelet function. There were no changes in basal glycolysis between the fresh and stored platelets, however, glycolytic rate was increased in stored platelets when mitochondrial ATP production was inhibited. The increase in proton leak was attenuated by the addition of albumin, suggesting that free fatty acids could play a role in increasing proton leak and decreasing mitochondrial function. In summary, platelet storage causes a modest decrease in oxidative phosphorylation driven by an increase in mitochondrial proton leak, which contributes to the decreased recovery to hypotonic stress.
Initial volatilization temperatures and average volatilization rates of coal. Their relationship to coal rank and other characteristics

Abstract Two thermal parameters, initial volatilization temperature (IVT) and average volatilization rate (AVR), have been determined by thermogravimetric analysis in argon for 38 coal samples ranging in rank from lignite to low-volatile bituminous. Both IVT and AVR are correlated with percent volatile matter and vitrinite reflectance. The IVT values increase gradually from about 250 to 445°C with increasing rank; however, a change in slope is observed in the region of high-volatile bituminous coals (from about 340°C to about 380°C) when IVT's are plotted against percent volatile matter or percent fixed carbon. The changes in slope near 340°C and near 380°C occur at “coalification jumps” recognized on the basis of changes in the optical and chemical character of the macerals. In general, AVR values decrease gradually with increasing rank for the lignite and sub-bituminous coals and for the medium- and low-volatile bituminous coals; however, a sharp increase in AVR occurs in high-volatile bituminous coals. The change in slope of the IVT curves and sharp increase in the AVR values for high-volatile bituminous coals reflect the development of new, higher vapor pressure organic compounds produced during this stage of the coalification process. A plot of AVR vs IVT reveals three regions which correspond to: (1) lignite and sub-bituminous coals; (2) high-volatile bituminous coals; and (3) medium- to low-volatile bituminous coals.
Ultrasonographic evidence of a mushroom-shaped choroidal metastasis

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe the evolution of a “collar-button” or mushroom-shaped choroidal metastasis. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 52-year-old woman with known primary colon cancer and widespread extraocular metastases developed bilateral choroidal masses with neurosensory retinal detachments. Clinical and ultrasound evaluation demonstrated evolution of a choroidal metastasis with a “collar-button” configuration in the right eye. CONCLUSION: A choroidal metastasis may develop a mushroom-shaped configuration. This “collar-button” configuration is not pathognomonic for choroidal melanoma.
Directly deposited fluxless lead-indium-gold composite solder

Lead-indium-gold multilayer composite solder has been developed for bonding electronic devices without the use of flux. The composite is deposited directly on GaAs wafers in high vacuum to inhibit indium oxidation. The gold layer on the composite further protects the indium layer from oxidation in atmosphere. Using the composite solder without flux, GaAs dies have been successfully bonded to alumina substrates at a process temperature of 250 degrees C. Nearly perfect joints are achieved as verified by a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy results indicate that the joint consists of AuIn/sub 2/ grains embedded in an In-Pb solid solution phase, as predicted from the Au-In-Pb phase diagram. Thermal shock as well as shear tests confirm that high quality bonding is obtained with the lead-indium-gold composite. >
The effects of the coupled slotline (CSL) mode and air-bridges on the CPW one-port discontinuities

The extended spectral domain approach is applied to analyze the CPW symmetrical and asymmetrical discontinuities. The entire circuit which includes the air-bridge used to suppress the unwanted coupled slotline (CSL) mode is modeled properly by the 3-D Green's function. It is found that the CSL mode has the drastic effect on the circuit performance. Experimental data have been shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical ones.
Hydrosilation of the Manganese Acetyl (CO)5MnC(O)CH3 with Monohydrosilanes

Treatment of the manganese acetyl (CO)5MnC(O)CH3 (1) with 1−2 equiv of a monohydrosilane furnished mixtures of α-siloxyethyl (CO)5MnCH(OSiR3)CH3 (2) and α-siloxyvinyl (CO)5MnC(OSiR3)CH2 (3) complexes. Relative yields of 2 and 3 varied from 80% and 6% for HSiMe2Ph to 28% and 59% for HSiEt3. One of the latter compounds, (CO)5MnC(OSiEt3)CH2 (3j), was fully characterized, and seven examples of 2 were isolated in moderate yields. Four α-siloxyethyl complexes 2 were further characterized as stable derivatives (CO)5MnC(O)CH(OSiR3)CH3 after carbonylation. Mechanistic studies on the HSiMe2Ph and HSiEt3 hydrosilation of 1 are noteworthy for (1) the absence of (R3SiO)CHCH2 and CH3CH2OSiR3 byproducts, (2) the presence of 3 but not (CO)5MnSiR3, (3) inhibition by CO, phosphine, or acetonitrile, but neither air nor light, (4) competitive hydrosilation of other substrates (e.g., acetone or Cp(CO)2FeC(O)R) for which 1 is a precatalyst, (5) degradation of 2 by excess HSiR3, giving Mn2(CO)10 and (R3Si)2O as the final produc...
Choleragen‐induced cyclic nucleotide response in a lower eukaryote

sustained increase in the CAMP level of tissues, cells [4,5 ] and isolated membranes [6,7]. The cellular CAMP level elevated by choleragen is often associated with the acquisition by many cultured cells of differentiation characteristics and/or inhibition of proliferation [8,9], though in some instances this elevation has been associated with initiation of proliferation [lo]. Steps in the mechanism of action of the toxin, as now understood, include the characteristic binding of the choleragen B protomer to the C,, ganglioside [ 11,121 located in the plasma membrane, the disul- fide reduction to release the A, subunit from the A protomer [ 13,141 and the Ar subunit-facilitated ADP-ribosylation of a GTP-binding regulatory unit of the membrane-bound adenyl cyclase. ADP ribosyla- tion, with NAD as donor [IS], is thought to interdict the normal control function of the regulatory unit of adenyl cyclase, leaving the enzyme in the activated state. We have found that choleragen induces a change in the calcium~ontro~ed H*-permeability ] 16,171, mimicking that produced by light [ 181 as well as by dibuty~1 CAMP or caffeine [ 19-2 I]. This reaction appears to be closely related to photoreception in the light-induced sporulation of
Views of the Asylum: Picture postcard depictions of institutions for people with mental disorders in the early 20th century

The authors describe and analyze pictorial representations and written messages from a collection of over 1,600 early 20th century postcard depicting institutions for people with mental disorders. They discuss asylum views within the context of postcards as a commercial enterprise and their meaning to the sender and receiver.
Serum digoxin levels using an 125I-labelled antigen: Validation of method and observations on cardiac patients

Abstract 1. 1. Determinations of serum digoxin levels utilizing commercially available kits with an 125 I-labelled antigen were precise and not materially different from results obtained with a 3 H-labelled antigen. 2. 2. In order to approximate the steady state level, serum digoxin levels should be drawn either before or at least six hours following the administration of an oral tablet. 3. 3. Concomitantly given thiazide diuretics did not interfere with the absorption of a tablet of digoxin. 4. 4. In the digitalized patient, slow alterations in serum levels after oral administration appeared well correlated with, at least, the negative chronotropic effects of the drug. 5. 5. Maximal exercise testing, a maneuver often applied to cardiac patients, does not significantly alter the serum digoxin level.
Self-fertility variation and paternal success through outcrossing in Douglas fir

Douglas fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii, vary greatly in their self-fertility, but little is known about the relationship of self-fertility to outcrossing success. If low self-fertility pollen donors have lethal recessive alleles that are widespread, then in crosses with other trees they should have poor paternal success competing with high self-fertility donors that have few recessive lethals. We compared Douglas fir trees with high and low self-fertility for differences in pollen grain size, pollen number per milligram, and respiration rate. Pair-wise mixtures of pollen from individuals with high and low self-fertility were applied in controlled pollinations. Electrophoretic markers identified seed paternity. The pollen donors did differ in all three pollen traits but, as a class, the low self-fertility donors had neither inferior pollen nor low paternal success in outcrossing. Paternal success depended upon the identity of the competing pollen donors and the seed parent. It was not related to pollen grain number or respiration rate, but donors with the smaller pollen grains in a mixture had greater success.
Multiple transient nonobstructing intussusceptions in resolving intramural hemorrhage of the small intestine

Multiple transient intussuceptions of the small intestine may occur following diffuse intramural hemorrhage. Such intussusceptions have been reported in gastrointestinal allergy and sprue. A case is presented in which transient intussusceptions involved several different segments of the small bowel but produced no symptoms. A disordered motor function during the recovery from the intestinal hemorrhage may explain the intussusceptions.
MARSHALL McLUHAN: STYLE AS SUBSTANCE

(1982). MARSHALL McLUHAN: STYLE AS SUBSTANCE. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 120-132.
Radionuclide bone imaging in the surgical treatment planning of odontogenic keratocysts

Locally aggressive benign lesions of the jaws, such as odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas, require complete excision in view of the high incidence of recurrence after incomplete surgical removal. Because of the limitations of conventional radiology as the sole technique for determining the extent of these lesions, the use of 99m-technetium-labeled bone-imaging agents is suggested. This method of defining the location of surgical margins is based on the agent's sensitivity as an indicator of subtle changes in bone metabolism. A case of an unusually large recurrent odontogenic keratocyst is presented in which the planning of the surgical procedure was predicated on the results of a bone scan of the jaws in addition to conventional radiology. This diagnostic procedure, especially when used in conjunction with conventional radiology, appears to be of considerable value in defining the extent of a variety of oral-maxillofacial bony lesions.
Pharmacological alteration of the lung vascular response to radiation

The role of endothelial cell damage in the development of radiation injury in the lung was investigated in rats. Vascular permeability-surface area product (PS) was measured as an indicator of the degree of endothelial cell damage in lungs of rats exposed to single dose hemithorax irradiation. Hemithorax irradiation was chosen to simulate clinical radiotherapy, in which only a portion of the lung is irradiated. In addition, it provided a control lung to compare to the irradiated lung. Radiation is postulated to lead to activation of several different biochemical pathways that result in lung injury and fibrosis. Many of these pathways can be specifically blocked with drugs. Thirteen different drugs were studied. Dexamethasone, indomethacin, cromolyn, cyproheptadine, Vitamin D3, theophylline, and diethylcarbamazine were all effective at reducing lung PS on the irradiated side. Dexamethasone, Vitamin D3, and indomethacin also significantly reduced lung PS in the unirradiated lungs and in sham-irradiated rats. Captopril, cobra venom factor, penicillamine, trapidil, epsilon-amino caproic acid, and dapsone had no significant effect on lung PS after hemithorax irradiation. We conclude that the major pathways involved in early post-radiation lung injury involve prostaglandin, leukotriene, and histamine release from macrophages and mast cells. Complement activation, proteolytic enzymes, and neutrophil migration do not seem to be important mediators of early post-radiation lung injury.
Materials spectroscopy: What would Schrödinger's cat see?

Quantum states of light could be a better probe for materials than classical states, but they are hard to generate in the laboratory. A scheme that combines large amounts of data with sophisticated theoretical analysis gets around this limitation.
A Retrospective Database Analysis of Neuropathic Pain and Oral Antidiabetic Medication Use and Adherence Among Texas Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Enrolled in Medicaid

Abstract Background Adherence to oral antidiabetic (OAD) medications is essential in achieving glycemic control and slowing the progression of diabeties-related complications such as neuropathic pain. OAD medication adherence has been suboptimal and adding neuropathic pain medications may negatively affect adherence. However, little is known about adherence to neuropathic pain medications by patients with diabetes and how this may be related to OAD medication adherence. Objective The objectives of our study were to: (1) describe painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) and OAD medication use, (2) determine if PDPN medication adherence differs among individual PDPN medications (ie, tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, pregabalin, and duloxetine); and (3) determine if PDPN medication adherence is related to post-index OAD medication adherence while controlling for covariates. Methods This retrospective prescription claims database study included continuously enrolled Texas Medicaid beneficiaries who were adult (aged 30–64 years) prescribed OAD (pre- and post-index) and PDPN (post-index) medications. Data were extracted from June 1, 2003 to October 31, 2009. The main study outcome was post-index OAD medication adherence. Primary independent variables included PDPN medication adherence and PDPN medication type. Demographic and medication use characteristics served as covariates. Adherence was measured both continuously and dichotomously (80% cut-off) using medication possession ratio (MPR). Results The sample's (n = 4277) overall mean MPR (SD) for PDPN medications was 75.4% (23.9%). Mean MPR differed significantly among individual PDPN medications ( P P Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that mean adherence to both PDPN and OAD medications was suboptimal (MPR
An analytic hierarchy process based approach to the design and evaluation of a marketing driven business and corporate strategy

Abstract Changes in the business environment suggest that to assure survival and growth in the 1990s and beyond, corporations must pay increased attention to creativity in generating strategic directions, rigor in the evaluation of strategic options on multiple and interdependent objectives, and vision and focus to assure effective utilization of resources. Here we present the conceptual structure of such an approach and review a number of recent applications.
Does Injury Prevention Education Initiate Household Changes in a Spanish-Speaking Minority Population?

Young children from low income families are among the most affected population of unintentional injury. This non-randomized longitudinal study examined knowledge for home and child safety with an injury prevention training offered to parents of children who reside in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Eighty eight parents received the training and pre-and post-test surveys were used to measure knowledge outcomes. A follow-up survey was conducted 2 months after the educational intervention to identify how many parents reported household and safety behavior changes as a result of the training. The most significant change in behavior, as it pertains to the household, was related to locking and storage of dangerous cleaning chemicals. Other significant changes in behavior were in areas that directly related to the child such as learning how to swim, use of sun block and fire safety in the home. This study suggests that tailored trainings can improve parent knowledge and change in behaviors for the promotion of safety activities to avoid risks for unintentional injuries. Further, the study identified certain at-risk areas that need to be addressed from an educational perspective. These areas include bicycle and water safety; specifically, the use of protective gear when bicycling; understanding and adhering to traffic rules when bicycling; and, the dangers of drowning in small quantities of water.