cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of a bank-to-turn (BTT) missile with saturating actuators

In this paper, a method is presented for enhancing the performance of a stable EMRAAT bank-to-turn (BTT) missile in the presence of multiple saturating actuators. The method involves the design of a saturation detection system, called an error governor which maintains, to the extent possible, the multivariable properties of the original autopilot design. The system prevents saturation, ensures finite-gain L/sup /spl infin// stability, and maintains, to the extent possible, the directionality properties of the original autopilot.
An optimal distributed and adaptive source coding strategy using rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes

A novel scheme exploiting rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes is proposed for distributed and adaptive source coding. The proposed scheme is based on the SF-ISF approach in (Z. Tu et al., Eurasip J. Appl. SigPro. - Special Iss. on Turbo Proc.). It is simple, general, flexible, and provenly optimal. For the class of RCPC codes that are obtained from puncturing the parity bits of a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) mother code, it is shown that an "optimal" codec exists where a single source encoder and a single source decoder can accomodate a set of different compression rates efficiently.
Projectwide Access: Key to Effective Implementation of Construction Project Management Software Systems

Construction engineering and management experts asserted in the 1980s that computer-based information and communication technologies (ICTs) would grow quickly to increase the efficiency of communications in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Since that time, many studies have measured the rate of adoption and effectiveness of these tools. Recently, studies have noted that these tools are not being used ubiquitously and have yet to reach their full potential in increasing the efficiency of intercompany communications. The present research employed the Delphi method with a panel of AEC industry professionals to address barriers and facilitators of using project-based project management software systems (PMSS), including issues of access to PMSS and how project-based access would affect the efficiency with which information can be communicated. The results of this research indicate that data reentry is a common source of inefficiency in the use of PMSS and that future construction ICT developments should focus on implementing a more collaborative, project-based PMSS that allows direct and active access to the PMSS by all project team members. However, governance issues may be preventing more widespread use of a collaborative PMSS implementation model. Specifically, the respondents felt that general contractors should maintain their roles as managers and controllers of the PMSS. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000596. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Information technology (IT); Communication; Information management; Project management; Computer software.
Towards collaborative data reduction in stream-processing systems

We consider a distributed system that disseminates high-volume event streams to many simultaneous monitoring applications over a low-bandwidth network. For bandwidth efficiency, we propose a collaborative data-reduction mechanism, 'group-aware stream filtering', used together with multicast, to select a small set of necessary data that satisfy the needs of a group of subscribers simultaneously. We turn data-compressing filters into group-aware filters by exploiting two overlooked, yet important, properties of monitoring applications: 1) many of them can tolerate some degree of 'slack' in their data quality requirements; 2) there may exist multiple subsets of the source data satisfying the quality needs of an application. We can thus choose the 'best alternative' subset for each application to maximise the data overlap within the group to best benefit from multicasting. We provide a general framework that treats the group-aware stream filtering problem completely; we prove the problem NP-hard and thus provide a suite of heuristic algorithms that ensure data quality (specifically, granularity and timeliness) while collaboratively reducing data. The framework is extensible and supports a diverse range of filters. Our prototype-based evaluation shows that group-aware stream filtering is effective in trading CPU time for data reduction, compared with self-interested filtering.
The steroid 16α-hydroxylase system in mammalian liver

Abstract The 16α-hydroxylation of testosterone and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione (2) and of estradiol-17β (3) takes place in the presence of a microsomal fraction of rat liver. The rate of 16α-hydroxylation of 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (DHA) by liver slices is significantly higher for male than for female adult rats (4). We have initiated a study of the influence of sex, age, species, and other factors on the 16α-hydroxylase system of liver microsomes. Our results indicate that the activity of this system is very low in newborn rats of either sex but increases rapidly after the 6th week of life only in male rats. There was no significant sex difference in the DHA- 16α-hydroxylase activity of liver microsomes from adult Rhesus monkeys. We found a high level of activity in human liver from 2 newborn anencephalic infants, and pronounced differences when various C18- and C19-steroids were incubated with rat liver microsomes.
Relating digital citizenship to informed citizenship online in the 2008 U.S. presidential election

This study examines the relationship between the concept of the digital and informed online citizen. To begin, the paper provides an overview of digital and informed citizenship. Next, the study proposes a problematic relationship between digital and informed citizenship by emphasizing barriers to informed citizenship online. Scholars have noted the influence of socioeconomic factors to explain differential uses of the Internet especially for political participation online. Citizens who are motivated and interested in politics tend to be wealthy and well-educated. Furthermore, media scholars contend that environ- ments rich in content choices, such as the Internet, may contribute to a voluntary segmentation of the electorate. This leads to a situation where many citizens abandon news in favor of entertainment contributing to an unequal distribution of political resources and skills. Despite these concerns, the study finds that digital citizenship, understood as frequent home Internet use with a high speed connection, is a strong characteristic of the informed online citizen. Results suggest that digital citizenship may be particularly important for young citizens to develop their political information efficacy. The future implications for digital and informed citizenship in the Internet age are discussed.
Customary Law and Group Rights: The Incomplete Centralization of Tanzania's Post-Colonial Judiciary

Why was the judiciary exempted from the centralization measures that Tanzania’s government implemented after independence? The reforms, which included economic collectivization and nation-building policies, were intended to weaken tribalism and within-ethnic group solidarity that had caused violence in neighboring countries and to promote an even pace of development across the country (Wijsen and Tanner 2002). However, they left the judiciary largely decentralized, with institutional mechanisms in place to preserve components of local customary law (Widner 2001). This paper argues that British colonial judicial policy served to deeply institutionalize the adjudication of local customary law by community elders and leaders. Dismantling the resulting legal culture was too politically costly at a moment when Tanzania’s government needed local compliance to enact its reforms. Accordingly, the government’s use of the devolution of judicial power as a bargaining tool served to further institutionalize local law, impeding Tanzania’s efforts to centralize the judiciary later on. The current judicial system is a legal hybrid in which state statues govern court procedure but local elders determine the substance of customary law. Research for this paper is based on original fieldwork and diverse secondary sources used in preparation of the author’s doctoral dissertation.
Damage and Anisotropy Evolution in the Free End Shear Problem

The evolution of microstructure occurs in the deformation of metals via texture evolution. The effect of the microstructural evolution, i.e., anisotropy evolution, on the free end shear problem is investigated. An anisotropic ductile fracture model that takes into account the evolution of the orthotropic axes in the matrix is employed to perform the above task. With the model, a well-known experiment that provides the evidence of anisotropy evolution, the free end cyclic torsion test, is simulated. For the simulation of the free end cyclic torsion test, an explicit numerical scheme for the free end shear simulation is proposed and performed to reproduce the experimental result of the free end torsion test. The simulation result reveals the physics of the shear damage process, which is that porosity evolves in the shear deformation of (induced) anisotropic materials due to the evolution of anisotropy. A series of the free end shear simulations reveal the effect of the interaction among the matrix anisotropy, porosity and void shape onto the deformation pattern and the ductile damage process of porous materials.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Relationship Between Faculty and Standardized Patient Assessment Scores of Podiatric Medical Students During a Standardized Performance Assessment Laboratory.

Background: Direct assessment of health professional student performance of clinical skills can be accurately performed in the standardized performance assessment laboratory (SPAL), typically by health professional faculty. However, owing to time and economic considerations, nonmedical individuals have been specially trained to perform the same function (standardized patients [SPs]). This study compared the assessment scores of the history and physical examination components of a SPAL designed for second-year podiatric medical students at Des Moines University (DMU) by a podiatry medical faculty member and SPs. Methods: A total of 101 students from the classes of 2015 and 2016 were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 by 11 to 13 SPs from the DMU SPAL program. The video recordings of these 101 students were then evaluated by one faculty member from the College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery at DMU. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient for each class showed a strong linear relationship between SP and facu...
Development of an Active Dust Mitigation Technology for Lunar Exploration

The development of efficient dust mitigation solutions is critical for the success of NASA’s lunar exploration efforts. We report on our efforts to develop a Dust Shield, an active dust mitigation technology with applications to solar panels, thermal radiators, optical systems, visors, seals, and connectors. The Dust Shield technology is based on a concept originally developed at NASA in 1967. We also report on the development of several Dust Shield prototypes and on their specific applications. Opaque and rigid Dust Shield prototypes that use metal electrodes embedded in a dielectric substrate have been developed for use in chambers, seals, gates, and mechanical joints. Transparent rigid Dust Shield prototypes that use transparent indium tin oxides (ITO) or carbon nanotubes (CNT) on a transparent substrate have also been developed for use in solar panels, thermal radiators, optical systems, visors, and viewports. Extensive testing of all these prototypes under high vacuum has been performed and on a NASA Reduced Gravity Flight using lunar simulantas and actual Apollo samples. Finally, we also present the results of computer simulations of the Dust Shields. These simulations are compared to experimental results.
Toward a Race Radical Vision of Bilingual Education for Kurdish Users in Turkey: A Commentary

This commentary presents a Race Radical Vision (RRV) for Kurdish-Turkish bilingual education in Turkey. A RRV reinforces the need to consciously include issues of racism, imperialism, identity, and local practices in the development of bilingual education teacher education programs that advocate for minoritized language use in all aspects of education. It is argued that without a RRV for bilingual education, the State will represent bilingual education to benefit of own interests, ultimately destroying bilingual education as a strong anti-racist educational practice. Turkey needs a strong RRV of Kurdish-Turkish bilingual education to ensure that racism and colonialism remain in the national educational discourse. This commentary draws on experiences of bilingual education in the United States as well as other countries to show the importance of a RRV for developing bilingual education from a local language rights perspective. It also points out some of the challenges bilingual educators and scholars face when State becomes involved in funding and shaping the anti-racist perspective in bilingual the State takes over the anti-racism practices, especially when the State is tied to neoliberalism and neoliberal ideals of individualism and colorblindness. Keywords: Bilingual education, RRV, Kurdish, Turkey
Spectral sum rules for three-point functions and their application to π0→2γ decay

The Lehmann-Kallen representation for three-point functions involving a soft pion has been derived and applied to various processes including π0→2γ decay. The integrally-charged-quark model is preferred but the model of Cabibboet al. gives the incorrect sign for the matrix element of π0→2γ decay.
FLEA BEETLE AND WHITEFLY INSECTICIDE EFFICACY IN LETTUCE, 2009

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of various neonicotinoid insecticides for control of early season insect pests on iceberg head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Head lettuce ‘Mohawk M.I.’ was direct seeded on 10 Sep 2009 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four beds (13.3 ft) wide by 40 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Five replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations and application rates along with treatment dates are provided in Table 1. The in-furrow, atplanting application of Venom 20 SG was injected 2 inches below the seed on 10 Sep. Durivo was applied as a band-drench at the base of lettuce plants on 13 Jan 2010. All other insecticide treatments were foliar sprays applied with a Lee Spider Spray TracTractor 4-row sprayer with three TJ-6
What do they use? Where do they get it? An interdisciplinary citation analysis of Latin American studies faculty monographs, 2004-2013

This citation analysis examines the ability of the local collection at the Pennsylvania State University to meet the needs of global and area studies researchers focusing on monographs published by faculty members on Latin American studies in a ten-year period. The study focuses on book use to address the tempting notion that packages and online sources can fully and universally support international and area studies across multiple disciplines. The author assessed the works cited by such criteria as availability at the University Libraries, language, place of publication, age of citation, and online availability. This study could inform collection development decisions and contributes to a general understanding of faculty research trends and the library’s role in supporting the research related to Latin America across disciplines and academic units.
MO-DE-206-01: Cellular Metabolism of FDG

In this symposium jointly sponsored by the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) and the AAPM, luminary speakers on imaging metabolism will discuss three impactful topics. The first presentation on Cellular Metabolism of FDG will be given by Guillem Pratx (Stanford). This presentation will detail new work on looking at how the most common molecular imaging agent, fluoro-deoxy-glucose is metabolized at a cellular level. This will be followed by a talk on an improved approach to whole-body PET imaging by Simon Cherry (UC Davis). Simon's work on a new whole-body PET imaging system promises to have dramatic improvement in our ability to detect and characterize cancer using PET. Finally, Jim Bankson (MD Anderson) will discuss extremely sophisticated approaches to quantifying hyperpolarized-13-C pyruvate metabolism using MR imaging. This technology promises to compliment the exquisite sensitivity of PET with an ability to measure not just uptake, but tumor metabolism. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the metabolism of FDG at a cellular level. 2.Appreciate the engineering related to a novel new high-sensitivity whole-body PET imaging system. 3.Understand the process of hyperpolarization, how pyruvate relates to metabolism and how advanced modeling can be used to better quantify this data. G. Pratx, Funding: 5R01CA186275, 1R21CA193001, and Damon Runyon Cancer Foundation. S. Cherry, National Institutes of Health; University of California, Davis; Siemens Medical SolutionsJ. Bankson, GE Healthcare; NCI P30-CA016672; CPRIT PR140021-P5
Entrainment in Pedestrian Direction Giving: How Many Kinds of Entrainment?

Human conversants in dialog adjust their behavior to their conversational partner in many ways. In terms of language use, they adapt to their partners both lexically and syntactically, by using the same referring expressions or sentence structure. In this paper, we describe a natural language generator personage-primed, which can produce utterances entrained to a range of utterance features used in prior utterances by a human user, and represented in the discourse context. Personage-primed can entrain to the user’s referring expressions, tense-modality selection, verb and noun lexical selection, hedge and cue word choice, and syntactic template selection, or any combination of these. To our knowledge, there is no other NLG engine that can dynamically generate all these types of entrainment in any utterance. We report an experiment testing all possible combinations of entrainment in a particular discourse context in order to test whether some types of entrainment are preferred, either because they make the utterance more natural, or because humans perceive the system as more friendly. Our experimental results suggest that human judgements of naturalness are distinct from friendliness: entraining on a user’s hedges increase perceptions of friendliness while reducing naturalness, while entraining on user’s referring expressions, syntactic template selection and tense/modal choices increase perceptions of both naturalness and friendliness.
TH-E-209-02: Dose Monitoring and Protocol Optimization: The Pediatric Perspective

Radiation dose monitoring solutions have opened up new opportunities for medical physicists to be more involved in modern clinical radiology practices. In particular, with the help of comprehensive radiation dose data, data-driven protocol management and informed case follow up are now feasible. Significant challenges remain however and the problems faced by medical physicists are highly heterogeneous. Imaging systems from multiple vendors and a wide range of vintages co-exist in the same department and employ data communication protocols that are not fully standardized or implemented making harmonization complex. Many different solutions for radiation dose monitoring have been implemented by imaging facilities over the past few years. Such systems are based on commercial software, home-grown IT solutions, manual PACS data dumping, etc., and diverse pathways can be used to bring the data to impact clinical practice. The speakers will share their experiences with creating or tailoring radiation dose monitoring/management systems and procedures over the past few years, which vary significantly in design and scope. Topics to cover: (1) fluoroscopic dose monitoring and high radiation event handling from a large academic hospital; (2) dose monitoring and protocol optimization in pediatric radiology; and (3) development of a home-grown IT solution and dose data analysis framework. Learning Objectives: 1.Describe the scope and range of radiation dose monitoring and protocol management in a modern radiology practice 2.Review examples of data available from a variety of systems and how it managed and conveyed. 3.Reflect on the role of the physicist in radiation dose awareness.
Higher Order Effects in the β Decay of P 32

The assumption is made that the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$ is $\ensuremath{\Delta}l$-forbidden. The effect of interferences between second forbidden matrix elements and the ($\ensuremath{\Delta}l$-reduced) allowed elements on the decay probability is presented. By using simple shell-model wave functions, an order of magnitude estimate of nuclear matrix elements is obtained. The resulting deviation of the energy spectrum from the allowed shape compares favorably with the experimental points of Porter, Wagner, and Freedman.
Climate change impacts on regenerating shrubland productivity

Abstract Over the past century, intensive agricultural activity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA, resulted in loss of more than 95% shrub cover. Restoration efforts in these shrublands have resulted in successful reestablishment of native shrubs communities important for carbon sequestration and related wildlife habitat conservation. To examine future climate change effects on restored shrublands, we used the Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth (3-PG) to predict impacts on shrub growth compared to current production. Simulations were performed with 30 m 2 grid cells using monthly incident solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, available soil water holding capacity, and soil fertility within a national wildlife refuge located in the valley. The model was calibrated and confirmed by comparing remote sensing derived aboveground biomass to simulation under current climate conditions with overall good correlation ( r 2 = 0.78). The model parameter values were derived from experimental and literatures appropriate for shrub species commonly found in the study area. We assessed climate change effects on simulated shrub biomass by using monthly temperature and precipitation projections for three emissions scenarios for 2050. Predicted aboveground biomass for the current climate (30.78 Mg/ha) was higher compared to that of B1 (29.77 Mg/ha), A1B (27.54 Mg/ha), and A2 (28.01 Mg/ha) emission scenarios. We found that productivity in this shrubland was controlled by VPD and soil fertility. We conclude that restoration efforts within the study area have shown potential for increased carbon sequestration in shrub vegetation under current climate, but future climate change is likely to reduce its carbon uptake efficiency.
Relations Between Cognitive Functioning and Alcohol Use, Craving, and Post-Traumatic Stress: An Examination Among Trauma-Exposed Military Veterans With Alcohol Use Disorder.

ABSTRACT Cognitive dysfunction is commonly observed among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and trauma exposure and is, in turn, associated with worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, disruptions in cognitive functioning may be conceptualized as a trans-disease phenomenon representing a potential high-yield target for intervention. Less is known though about how different cognitive functions covary with alcohol use, craving, and post-traumatic stress symptom severity among trauma-exposed individuals with AUD. Sixty-eight male and female trauma-exposed military veterans with AUD, entering treatment trials to reduce alcohol use, completed measures assessing alcohol use and craving, post-traumatic stress symptom severity, and cognitive functioning. In multivariate models, after controlling for post-traumatic stress symptom severity, poorer learning and memory was associated with higher alcohol consumption and higher risk taking/impulsivity was associated with stronger preoccupations with alcohol and...
Adverse Effect of High-Fat Diet on Metabolic Programming in Offspring Born to a Murine Model of Maternal Hypertension.

BACKGROUND We previously reported that offspring heterozygous mice partially lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, and born to hypertensive eNOS-/- Knockout mother, are hypertensive. We hypothesized that those offspring when placed on high-fat diet (HFD) will undergo altered metabolic programming increasing their risk for developing metabolic syndrome. METHODS eNOS-/-KO and wild-type mice (eNOS+/+WT) were cross-bred to produce heterozygous offspring: maternal heterozygous (Mat, eNOS-/+), born from hypertensive eNOS-/-KO mothers; and paternal heterozygous (Pat, eNOS-/+), born from normotensive WT mothers. Mat, eNOS-/+ and Pat, eNOS-/+ female were allocated to HFD or control diet (CD) until 8 weeks of age. Then a metabolic profile was obtained: weight, glucose/insulin tolerance test (GTT, ITT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum fasting levels of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and a lipid panel. RESULTS Weight was not different between all offspring within each diet. GTT curve was higher in Mat, eNOS-/+ vs. Pat, eNOS-/+ offspring on both diet (P < 0.001). In ITT, glucose level at 15 minutes was higher in Mat, eNOS-/+ on HFD. Insulin level was increased in Mat, eNOS-/+ vs. Pat, eNOS-/+ on either diet. SBP was elevated in Mat, eNOS-/+ vs. Pat, eNOS-/+ on CD and was further raised in Mat, eNOS-/+ offspring on HFD (P < 0.001). No other differences were seen except for lower high-density lipoprotein levels in Mat, eNOS-/+ fed HFD (P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Mat, eNOS-/+ offspring exposed in utero to maternal hypertension and fed HFD postnatally have increased susceptibility for metabolic abnormalities. Thus, maternal HTN is a risk factor for altered fetal metabolic programming.
The effects of hot-electron degradation on analog MOSFET performance

Many analog MOSFET performance parameters are found to be very sensitive to hot-electron stress, especially compared with digital parameters that are normally monitored. Drain output resistance degradation is characterized in detail using existing hot-electron reliability concepts and lifetime prediction models. The impact of drain output resistance degradation on the performance of a CMOS single-ended output differential amplifier is found to be a sensitive function of the particular circuit design and operating conditions. >
Thinking out of the Gut: a case of obscure lower GI bleeding

Clinical presentation A middle-aged man was admitted for episodes of fresh per-rectal bleeding, which were not associated with defecation. He was recently investigated for macrocytic anaemia in the outpatient haematology clinic. Examination of the perineum revealed grade 1 internal haemorrhoids with no signs of bleeding. Initial laboratory tests revealed macrocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 10.5 g/dL, normal 12.9–17.0 g/dL; mean corpuscular haemoglobin 95.3 fL, normal 80.0–95.0 fL). Peripheral blood film showing blasts, dysplastic neutrophils, nucleated red blood cells and hypogranular platelets. The patient underwent a sigmoidoscopy and rubber band ligation of the internal haemorrhoids after persistent fresh per-rectal bleeding. The bleeding persisted with the development of hypotension and a significant drop of haemoglobin to 4.8 g/dL requiring blood transfusions and intensive care monitoring. Repeated endoscopy, including intubation of the terminal ileum, revealed uncomplicated right-sided diverticulosis. CT mesenteric angiography performed during an episode of significant bleeding revealed extravasation of contrast in the ileum, but mesenteric angiography was unsuccessful, possibly due to a temporary cessation of bleeding. Bleeding subsequently recurred and in light of the persistent bleeding with no clear source and with a total of 12 units of packed cell transfused, exploratory laparotomy, on-table enteroscopy (figure 1) with small bowel resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen was performed (figures 2–4). Question What is the diagnosis?
An Event-Level Investigation of Factors Associated With Young Women’s Experiences of Coerced Consensual Sex

Little is known about instances of coerced consensual sex in which women report both that they consented to have sex and that their partner used coercive tactics (e.g., made threats) to get them to...
Export Pessimism and the Neoclassical Revival

In the early post-World War II period, developing country voices especially in Latin America started to articulate concerns about the special challenges they faced in international trade. Their basic premise was that sustainable increases in income and output could only be brought about by increased industrialization though protection, international agreements to enhance the benefits from their commodity exports and preferential treatment in developed country markets. Over time, developing country thinking and practice changed as countries, especially in Asia, which had pursued more balanced incentives for import substitution and export promotion seemed to enjoy superior growth; commodity agreements—except for OPEC—fizzled; and preferences yielded narrow benefits. This chapter discusses the evolution in thinking and practice of developed and developing country international trade policy from the mid 1960's to the mid-1990's culminating with the establishment of the WTO and as a prelude to the globalization debates of more recent periods. It also provides some preliminary evidence of the lack of coherence in developed country aid and trade policy.
Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-κB) - a Friend, a Foe, or a Bystander - in the Neurodegenerative Cascade and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background NF-κB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that was discovered three decades ago. Since its discovery, this protein complex has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes such as synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress among other factors that are intricately involved and dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods We embarked on a methodical and an objective review of contemporary literature to integrate the indispensable physiological functions of NF-κB in neuronal phsyiology with the undesirable pathophysiological attributes of NF-κB in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In our approach, we first introduced Alzheimer's disease and subsequently highlighted the multifaceted roles of NF-κB in the biological processes altered in the progression of Alzheimer's disease including synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, neuronal survival and apoptosis, adult neurogenesis, regulation of neural processes and structural plasticity, inflammation, and Amyloid-β production and toxicity. Results Our comprehensive review highlights and dissects the physiological role of NF-κB from its pathological role in the brain and delineates both, its beneficial as well as deleterious, role in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion In light of our understanding of the duality of the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, further studies are warranted to dissect and understand the basis of the dichotomous effects of NF-κB, so that certain selective benevolent and benign attributes of NF-κB can be spared while targeting its deleterious attributes and facets that are integral in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
In my own country: internal exile in Rachida and Viva Laldjérie

AbstractThis article discusses the critical portrayal of displacement, violence and trauma in two feature-length fiction films released just after the Algerian civil conflict (1991–2001): Rachida (...
Conformational variability in adenylosuccinate synthetase as revealed by crystal structures of mouse-muscle and Escherichia coli enzymes

vi CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Role of adenylosuccinate synthetase in purine metabolism 1 Kinetic and chemical mechanism of adenylosuccinate synthetase 2 Substrate specificity of adenylosuccinate synthetase 4 Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthetase 5 Structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase 7 Dynamic elements of the active site 8 Substrate-induced conformational changes 9 Structural aspects of the synthetase catalytic mechanism 10 Dissertation Organization 11 References 12 CHAPTER 2. RECOMBINANT MOUSE-MUSCLE ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE: OVER EXPRESSION, KINETICS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 18 Abstract 18 Introduction 18 Experimental Procedures 20 Results and Discussion 22 References 3018 Introduction 18 Experimental Procedures 20 Results and Discussion 22 References 30 CHAPTER 3. IMP, OTP AND 6-PHOSPHORYL-IMP COMPLEXES OF RECOMBINANT MOUSE-MUSCLE ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE 37 Abstract 37 Introduction 37 Materials and Methods 39 Results 40 Discussion 46 References 4937 Introduction 37 Materials and Methods 39 Results 40 Discussion 46 References 49
Lessons in dermatology research: protecting vulnerable research participants.

A historical look at dermatological testing and the regulations that have been enacted to protect the patients who test skin care products. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Leadership Trails: Lessons from the Lakota Sun Dance

This essay argues that while having a vision as a leader is important, that often means that the future is afforded more value than the past and the present. The past demonstrates the leadership trails, or the evidence for what has and has not worked for the organization as the leaders and members enact the leadership vision. Here I offer a leadership model that embraces leadership trails, one based on a decade of research on traditional Lakota life, particularly their most sacred ceremony, the Sun Dance. The Lakota-based leadership model consists of six elements: mitakuye oyasin (“we are all related”), respect, bravery, generosity, fortitude, and wisdom.
Recent Advances in High-Voltage GaN MOS-Gated Transistors for Power Electronics Applications

The recent progress and present status of the development of high-voltage lateral power GaN field-effect transistors for power switching applications are reviewed and discussed. The basic device structures explored and the performance improvement in blocking voltage and specific on-resistance over the last few years are presented. The technical challenges and reliability issues that still need to be addressed are pointed out.
Provisions of Indonesian Medical Discipline Sanctions to Protect The Rights of Patient be Reviewed From Theprinciple of The Establishment of Legislation

ABSTRACT : This study aims to determine, first: the effectiveness of the provisions of medical discipline sanctions for doctors and dentists to protect the rights of patients be reviewed from the principles of the establishment of legislation. Second: the mechanism of sanctioning Medical Discipline for doctors and dentists This research uses a normative juridical approach. The specification of this research is descriptive analytical. The type of data used is secondary data obtained through literature study and then analyzed qualitatively and drawn conclusions with deductive and inductive thought method. The results of this study show that first: the provisions of Indonesian medical discipline sanction based on the principle of Clarity of Purpose, medical discipline sanction is established with a clear purpose that is as a form of guidance and supervision of medical practice in Indonesia. Based on the principle of Implementation, medical discipline sanction is said to be implemented because it has been regulated in the Regulation of KKI (Perkonsil) Number 50 of 2017 on the Procedures for Handling Cases of Alleged Violations of Doctor and Dentist Discipline. Based on the principles of Usability and Useful, by looking at the background of the formation of medical disciplinary sanctions which, among others, the high number of disciplinary violations, then disciplinary sanctions are really needed and yet not beneficial to the community. The principle of Clarity Formulation, the formulation of medical discipline sanction is clear and not multitasker so it can be easily understood. From the results of this analysis can be said that the provisions of disciplinary sanctions are effective. Secondly, the mechanism of sanction is set in number 50 of 2017 on the Procedures for Handling the Case of Alleged Discipline of Doctor and Dentist, which regulates the procedure and also the authority in the imposition of sanctions and the implementation of sanctions. The mechanism is the process of imposition of sanctions is the authority of MKDKI while the implementation of the decision of sanctions unification is the authority of KKI.
Abstract 2912A: Intratumoral heterogeneity and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in the KPC pancreatic cancer model

Cancer cells are subjected to evolutionary selection and adaptation of clonal populations by changes in the tumor and metastatic microenvironment as well as their response to drug treatment. We wished to evaluate how this tumor heterogeneity impacts the efficacy and responses to immune checkpoint blockade. To understand the contribution of clonal subpopulations to the malignant progression and to the response to drugs, we established a model of tumor heterogeneity from six syngeneic, clonal primary cancer cells isolated from a p48-CRE X LSLmutKras X LSLmutP53 mouse pancreatic cancer (KPC). The clonal cell lines were characterized for genomic mutations, gene expression and tumor allografts reconstituted in syngeneic host mice from mixes of the clonal cell lines. Each of the clonal cells formed invasive and metastatic lesions when grafted into hosts. The original tumor and clonal cell lines harbored common mutations in 99 genes demonstrating their common ancestry. Additional unique mutations in the clonal lines were used to identify and quantitate clones in heterogeneous cell pools. The clones showed different levels of MAP kinase signaling, unique morphologies, different growth rates in vitro and tumor growth rates in immune competent mice. Moreover, the sensitivity to ~200 anticancer drugs revealed an up to 25-fold varying in vitro sensitivity of the clones to signal transduction inhibitors and cytotoxic drugs. Drug sensitivity of individual clones when included in a heterogeneous cell population was strikingly different from their drug sensitivity when growing on their own including the sensitivity of different clones to MEK or PI3K inhibition. Furthermore, the sensitivity of clones to an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor was distinct across the clonal cells growing in the heterogeneous mixture: Some clones were resistant and others highly sensitive to the checkpoint blockade. We will discuss pathways and drivers of resistance as well as sensitivity in the different subpopulations. We conclude that malignant progression and selection of checkpoint inhibitor sensitive cancer cell subpopulations is impacted by the crosstalk between clonal cell populations present in heterogeneous tumors and the host environment. Citation Format: Sarah Martinez Roth. Intratumoral heterogeneity and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in the KPC pancreatic cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2912A.
On the Estimation of Volumes of Roadways: An Investigation of Stop-Controlled Minor Legs

This effort seeks to answer the question; can a transferable model be developed from easily obtainable, publicly available land-use, census, roadway, and network data for the use in safety performance functions? 474 stopcontrolled minor legs were used as the training data set using ordinary least squares regression. A best-fit model of maximum independent variables, n=12 was chosen using an exhaustive approach using Mallow's Cp to select the model with least bias in the predictors. The results of the analysis revealed that the combination of variables from Washington, Ohio, and North Carolina did not have a strong relationship. The best-fit model incorporated functional class information of the major-leg, minor leg functional class information, longitudinal markings, access to a parking lot, and population density of census tract. Validation of the model demonstrated an average 59 percent error between the model estimated and actual AADT values for validation data set (n=54). Furthermore, separate models for each state revealed a lack of uniformity in the dependent variables, and more variance description of the state specific AADT.
Transoral Vestibular Approach Parathyroidectomy: Patient Selection Considerations and Technique

Hyperparathyroidism results from excessive and inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the disease process can be primary, secondary, or tertiary. Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is purely biochemical; however, indications for surgery include symptoms and patient factors. Localization of disease is key for determining surgical approach and can assist in surgical planning, while intraoperative adjuncts such as intraoperative PTH monitoring can also assist in decision-making. Many attempts have been made to develop minimally invasive approaches to parathyroidectomy and to optimize preoperative planning to limit the amount of dissection required to find hyperfunctional glands. The most recent variation on access is the transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEPVA) to avoid a cutaneous incision in those desiring so. Excellent preoperative localization is imperative, although the optimal role of the various adjuncts mentioned above remains to be defined for this technique.
Will autonomous vehicles change residential location and vehicle ownership? Glimpses from Georgia

Abstract Many studies have begun investigating possible transportation landscapes in the autonomous vehicle (AV) era, but empirical results on longer-term decisions are limited. We address this gap using data collected from a survey designed and implemented for Georgia residents in 2017–2018. Focusing on a hypothetical all-AV future, this section of the survey included questions regarding advantages/disadvantages of AVs, short-term mode choice impacts, medium-term impacts on activity patterns, and long-term behavioral changes – specifically, whether/how AVs will influence individuals to change residential location and the number of cars in the household. We hypothesize that AVs could act in concert with attitudinal preferences to stimulate changes in these long-term decisions, and that some medium-term activity changes triggered by AVs could motivate people to relocate their residence or shed household vehicles. We applied exploratory factor analysis to measure the perceived likelihood that AVs would prompt various medium-term changes. We then included some of those measures, among other variables, in a cross-nested logit (CNL) model of the choice of the residential location/vehicle ownership bundle. Although more than half of respondents expected “no change” in their bundle, we found that younger, lower income, pro-suburban, and pro-non-car-mode individuals were more likely to anticipate changing their selections. In addition, some expected medium-term impacts of AVs influenced changes in these longer-term choices. We further applied the CNL model to two population segments (Atlanta and non-Atlanta-region residents). We found notable improvement in goodness of fit and different effects of factors across segments, signifying the existence of geography-related taste heterogeneity.
Hidden Readmissions after Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting

Background Historically, carotid procedures incur a readmission rate of approximately 6%; however, these studies are not nationally representative and are limited to tracking only the index hospitals. We sought to evaluate a nationally representative database for readmission rates (including different hospitals) after both carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) and determine risk factors for poor outcomes including postoperative mortality and myocardial infarction. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis utilizing the 2010–2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database to query patients aged >18 years undergoing CEA or CAS. Outcomes included initial admission mortality, and 30-day readmission, including mortality and myocardial infarction (MI). Univariable analysis of 39 demographic, clinical, and hospital variables was conducted with significance set at P Results There were 527,622 patients undergoing carotid procedures and 13% (n = 69,187) underwent CAS. The 30-day readmission rate was 7% (n = 35,782), and of those, 25% (n = 8,862) were readmitted to a different hospital. When controlling for other factors, CAS was a risk factor for mortality at both index admission (odds ratio [OR] 2.29 [2.11–2.49]) and 30-day readmission (OR 1.48 [1.3–1.69]) and 30-day readmissions at both index hospital (OR 1.11 [1.07–1.14]) and different hospital (OR 1.38 [1.29–1.48]). Readmission to a different hospital increased mortality risk (OR 1.45 [1.29–1.63]) but did not have an effect on MI. Postoperative infections comprised 15% of readmissions while 6% of all readmissions were for stroke. Conclusions Previously unreported, one in 4 readmissions after carotid procedures occur at a different hospital and this fragmentation of care could increase mortality risk after carotid procedures particularly for CAS which was also an independent risk factor for postoperative mortality and readmissions. Further validation is required to decrease unnecessary hospital after carotid procedures.
Recipient Vessel Thrombectomy and Anastomosis within the Zone of Injury in Microvascular Extremity Reconstruction

Background In traumatic extremity reconstruction, it is preferable to perform microvascular anastomoses outside the zone of injury. Alternatively, a recipient-vessel thrombectomy can be performed to improve the arterial inflow, potentially avoiding further proximal dissection and the use of a vein graft. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of microvascular anastomosis after thrombectomy in the zone of injury. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent free tissue transfer for traumatic extremity reconstruction by the senior author from 2013 to 2017 was conducted. Patient demographic and clinical data were gathered as well as use of vein grafts, recipient-vessel thrombectomy, postoperative anticoagulation, and flap outcomes. Results A total of 23 patients underwent 24 free flap procedures for traumatic extremity reconstruction. Ten patients underwent recipient-vessel thrombectomy with 2-Fr Fogarty catheter and were placed on postoperative anticoagulation. In this group overall, there was one case of flap loss due to late wound infection resulting in a 90% success rate. A total of 13 patients underwent 14 free flaps without the use of thrombectomy and vein grafts were performed for 3/14 (21%) patients. In this group, there were four cases of flap loss, resulting in a 71% overall success rate. Conclusion In traumatic extremity reconstruction, if the artery appears to be visibly appropriate with weak inflow, one may consider attempting thrombectomy to restore pulsatile flow prior to harvesting a vein graft. This study suggests this may be effective and safe with no anastomosis-related flap loss in the thrombectomy group. Further research is required to confirm our results.