cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyst herding and firm-level investor sentiment

This study examines the effect of firm-level investor sentiment derived from news articles and Twitter media content on analyst herding. The results indicate improvements (deterioration) in investor sentiment derived from news and Twitter media content lead to an increase (decrease) in analyst herding. This effect is primarily driven by media content with positive sentiment, and the effect size is magnified when the news and Twitter media content share the same sentiment polarity. Finally, the effect of firm-level investor sentiment on analyst herding is most pronounced in firms with low valuation uncertainty. By establishing a link between firm-level investor sentiment derived from news and Twitter content and analyst herding, this paper shows that analyst herding is amplified by firm-level investor sentiment, and the effect is more pronounced for firms with low valuation uncertainty.
A parametric study of accelerated carbonation in alkali-activated slag

Abstract Resistance to carbonation is one important attribute that low-CO2 cement alternatives must possess, and is particularly crucial for cement alternatives subjected to aggressive CO2 concentrations such as those used in construction of oil wells and wells for below ground carbon sequestration. Here, a parametric study of alkali-activated slag (AAS) carbonation in aggressive environments has been conducted to examine (i) calcium carbonate polymorphism using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and (ii) the extent of calcium carbonate formation and CO2 adsorption using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A range of AASs have been studied by varying the magnesium content of the slag, the activator type (sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate), the activator concentration, and the curing time prior to carbonation. It was uncovered that both (i) magnesium from the slag and (ii) silica from the activating solution are needed to reduce the propensity for the sodium-containing calcium-alumino-silicate-hydrate gel to undergo decalcification.
On the Capabilities of Pointer Networks for Deep Deductive Reasoning.

The importance of building neural networks that can learn to reason has been well recognized in the neuro-symbolic community. In this paper, we apply neural pointer networks for conducting reasoning over symbolic knowledge bases. In doing so, we explore the benefits and limitations of encoder-decoder architectures in general and pointer networks in particular for developing accurate, generalizable and robust neuro-symbolic reasoners. Based on our experimental results, pointer networks performs remarkably well across multiple reasoning tasks while outperforming the previously reported state of the art by a significant margin. We observe that the Pointer Networks preserve their performance even when challenged with knowledge graphs of the domain/vocabulary it has never encountered before. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on neuro-symbolic reasoning using Pointer Networks. We hope our impressive results on these reasoning problems will encourage broader exploration of pointer networks' capabilities for reasoning over more complex logics and for other neuro-symbolic problems.
Differing effects of four building materials on viable bacterial communities and VOCs

Abstract Indoor environmental quality is a paramount concern among architects. Exposure to VOCs and microorganisms impacts occupant health, yet the role of materials on these exposures remains poorly understood. In this study, we placed four material types in individual microcosms to test whether material type influences bacterial community structure and VOC emission. We used culture-independent methods to characterize bacterial communities and TD-GC-MS to measure VOC emission. We found that viable bacterial communities had different patterns of abundance, diversity, and composition, in comparison with total (viable plus dead cells) bacterial communities. Examining viable bacteria only, Earth had the highest abundance and diversity, unique community composition, and overall negative VOC emission. Timber had the lowest bacterial abundance, composition similar to Gypsum and Concrete, and the highest VOC emission rate. Our research provides further evidence that architects’ decisions about building materials can influence chemical and microbial exposures indoors.
Zero-Potential-Energy Motions due to Stiffness in Impedance Control of Robotic Tasks: an Innovative Theory and Experimental Study

This paper presents an analytical methodology and experimental study to identify quantitatively the zero-potential-energy (ZP) motion due to the stiffness matrices in Cartesian impedance control of redundant manipulators. This mode of motion, analogous to the rigid-body mode in classic mechanical systems, shows up as a result of the redundancy of the robot and creates a steady-state deviation from its initial configuration after it reaches equilibrium when subject to a perturbation, because of the principle of least energy for dynamic systems. We determine such ZP motion(s) by utilizing a vibration-based closed-form solution recently developed. We identify and provide experimental validation of the existence of the ZP motions on a 7 DoF Panda robot.
Measurements of OCTA Complement OCT for Diagnosing Early Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Abstract Purpose To compare measurements of global and regional circumpapillary capillary density (cpCD) with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and characterize their relationship with visual function in early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Design Cross-sectional study Participants Eighty healthy eyes, 64 pre-perimetric, and 184 mild POAG eyes from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. Methods Global and regional RNFL thickness and cpCD measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). For direct comparison at the individual and diagnostic group level, RNFL thickness and capillary density values were converted to a normalized relative loss scale. Main Outcome Measures RNFL thickness and cpCD normalized loss at the individual level and diagnostic group. Global and regional areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for RNFL thickness and cpCD to detect pre-perimetric glaucoma and glaucoma. R-squared for the strength of associations between RNFL thickness-function and capillary density-function in diagnostic groups. Results Both global and regional RNFL thickness and cpCD decreased progressively with increasing glaucoma severity (P Conclusions Associations between capillary density and visual function were found in the regions known to be at highest risk for damage in pre-perimetric glaucoma eyes and all regions of mild glaucoma eyes. In early glaucoma, capillary density loss was more pronounced than RNFL thickness loss. Individual characteristics influence the relative magnitudes of capillary density loss compared to RNFL thickness loss. RNFL thickness and microvascular assessments are complementary and yield valuable information for the detection of early damages seen in POAG.
Effect of irradiation on the microstructure and creep-rupture properties of type 316 stainless steel

The effect of irradiation to fluences in the range 1.2 to 2.7 x 10 2 2 n/cm 2 (>0.1 MeV) on the microstructure and creep-rupture properties of annealed and cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel has been examined for irradiation temperatures in the range 450 to 825 C (842 to 1517 F). For irradiation in the annealed condition below about 650 C (1202 F), voids and dislocations were formed. Cold working before irradiation suppressed void formation at all temperatures except 580 C (1076 F) where voids were occasionally found in recovered areas. Extensive precipitation occurred at temperatures above about 500 C (932 F), and the amount and type of precipitate were sensitive to the initial microstructure. Changes in rupture life and creep rate were observed, but the most significant effect of irradiation was a large decrease in ductility resulting from enhanced intergranular fracture. The grain boundary cracks were formed by the linking of cavities on those boundaries nearly normal to the applied stress. The experimental results are most consistent with a model in which nucleation of the cavities occurs on helium bubbles with growth controlled by stress-enhanced diffusion of vacancies. Experimental evidence also indicates that the strength of the matrix influences the crack propagation rate.
On the use of directions of negative curvature in a modified newton method

We present a modified Newton method for the unconstrained minimization problem. The modification occurs in non-convex regions where the information contained in the negative eigenvalues of the Hessian is taken into account by performing a line search along a path which is initially tangent to a direction of negative curvature. We give termination criteria for the line search and prove that the resulting iterates are guaranteed to converge, under reasonable conditions, to a critical point at which the Hessian is positive semidefinite. We also show how the Bunch and Parlett decomposition of a symmetric indefinite matrix can be used to give entirely adequate directions of negative curvature.
Computational Steering and the SCIRun Integrated Problem Solving Environment

SCIRun is a problem solving environment that allows the interactive construction, debugging, and steering of large-scale scientific computations. We review related systems and introduce a taxonomy that explores different computational steering solutions. Considering these approaches, we discuss why a tightly integrated problem solving environment, such as SCIRun, simplifies the design and debugging phases of computational science applications and how such an environment aids in the scientific discovery process.
Assessing stimulability in toddlers

This article describes the development and use of a novel, script-based stimulability task for toddlers. A detailed description of the task and procedures for administration is provided. The task assesses stimulability for fricatives, affricates, and liquids in isolation and single words through presentation of toys and objects in a script format during play. Three different levels of cueing are provided to elicit the desired sounds/words. Selected findings from examination of the performance of 10 toddlers with normal speech-language development and 10 with delayed development at an initial assessment and a 6-month reassessment are also described. Results suggest that stimulability testing may be successful with toddlers through the use of a scripted task and that they are more responsive to direct elicitations. Both groups added stimulable sounds; however, there was considerable individual variation with respect to specific sounds added and the addition of nonstimulable sounds as well. Stimulability testing is clinically useful as a dynamic assessment tool for toddlers because it may reveal information regarding a child's speech that is not obtainable with other measures and is also beneficial for individualized intervention planning.
The Thrsp null mouse (Thrsptm1cnm) and diet-induced obesity

Abstract We created a Thrsp (Spot 14 or S14) null mouse (Thrsptm1cnm) to study the role of Thrsp in de novo lipid synthesis. The Thrsp null mouse exhibits marked deficiencies in de novo lipogenesis in the lactating mammary gland. We now report the Thrsp gene deletion affects body weight and glucose tolerance associated with increased insulin sensitivity. By post-natal day 150 the rate of first generation C57BL/6J backcross Thrsp null mouse weight gain slowed compared to wild type animals. This was due to changes in body fat mass. We studied mice backcrossed for 5 and 11 generations. The weight difference between the null and wild type adult mice diminished with progressive backcross generations. In conclusion the Thrsp gene is involved in the regulation of diet-induced obesity and deletion of Thrsp leads to an improvement in age associated glucose tolerance.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase: an emerging therapeutic target in the endocannabinoid system

The medicinal properties of exogenous cannabinoids have been recognized for centuries and can largely be attributed to the activation in the nervous system of a single G-protein-coupled receptor, CB1. However, the beneficial properties of cannabinoids, which include relief of pain and spasticity, are counterbalanced by adverse effects such as cognitive and motor dysfunction. The recent discoveries of anandamide, a natural lipid ligand for CB1, and an enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), that terminates anandamide signaling have inspired pharmacological strategies to augment endogenous cannabinoid ('endocannabinoid') activity with FAAH inhibitors, which might exhibit superior selectivity in their elicited behavioral effects compared with direct CB1 agonists.
Experimental Study of the Decay K L → π 0 π 0 and Other Rare Decay Modes

We have measured the branching ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})}$ to be (4.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. This leads to $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}=(0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and a $\mathrm{CP}$-violation parameter $|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{00}|=(2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We also report $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}=(4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{S}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{S}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}l0.02$ with 90% confidence and $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}l2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ with 90% confidence.
A hidden Markov model to identify and adjust for selection bias: an example involving mixed migration strategies

An important assumption in observational studies is that sampled individuals are representative of some larger study population. Yet, this assumption is often unrealistic. Notable examples include online public-opinion polls, publication biases associated with statistically significant results, and in ecology, telemetry studies with significant habitat-induced probabilities of missed locations. This problem can be overcome by modeling selection probabilities simultaneously with other predictor–response relationships or by weighting observations by inverse selection probabilities. We illustrate the problem and a solution when modeling mixed migration strategies of northern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Captures occur on winter yards where deer migrate in response to changing environmental conditions. Yet, not all deer migrate in all years, and captures during mild years are more likely to target deer that migrate every year (i.e., obligate migrators). Characterizing deer as conditional or obligate migrators is also challenging unless deer are observed for many years and under a variety of winter conditions. We developed a hidden Markov model where the probability of capture depends on each individual's migration strategy (conditional versus obligate migrator), a partially latent variable that depends on winter severity in the year of capture. In a 15-year study, involving 168 white-tailed deer, the estimated probability of migrating for conditional migrators increased nonlinearly with an index of winter severity. We estimated a higher proportion of obligates in the study cohort than in the population, except during a span of 3 years surrounding back-to-back severe winters. These results support the hypothesis that selection biases occur as a result of capturing deer on winter yards, with the magnitude of bias depending on the severity of winter weather. Hidden Markov models offer an attractive framework for addressing selection biases due to their ability to incorporate latent variables and model direct and indirect links between state variables and capture probabilities.
Qualitative Research in Communication

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including "Self-Assessment As a Dilemmatic Communicative Practice: Talk Among Psychics in Training," by Robert R. Agne, "Self-Disclosure of HIV Seropositivity in Kenya by HIV-Positive Kamba Men and Their Families," by Kyalo wa Ngula and Ann Neville Miller, and "Media Clubs: Social Class and the Shared Interpretations of Media Texts," by Jill Tyler.
The pathology roadmap in Parkinson disease.

An under-appreciated clue about pathogenesis in Parkinson disease (PD) is the distribution of pathology in the early and middle stages of the disease. This pathological ‘roadmap’ shows that in addition to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), a significant number of other central and peripheral neuronal populations exhibit Lewy pathology, phenotypic dysregulation or frank degeneration in PD patients. This spatially distributed, at-risk population of neurons shares a number of features, including autonomously generated activity, broad action potentials, low intrinsic calcium buffering capacity and long, poorly myelinated, highly branched axons. Many, and perhaps all, of these traits add to the metabolic burden in these neurons, suggesting that mitochondrial deficits could drive pathogenesis in PD—in agreement with a large segment of the literature. What is less clear is how this neuronal phenotype might shape the susceptibility to proteostatic dysfunction or to the spread of α-synuclein fibrils deposited in the extracellular space. The review explores the literature on these issues and their translational implications.
Mechanistic studies of photochemical reactions with millisecond time resolution by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is used as an on-line technique to investigate the solution photochemistry of [CpFebz]+ (Cp, η5-cyclopentadienyl; bz, η6-benzene). Direct irradiation of samples in the optically transparent tip of the electrospray source allows the detection of products with lifetimes down to the millisecond regime. Photolysis of [CpFebz]+ in acetonitrile (AN) yields the short-lived half-sandwich complex, [CpFe(AN)3]+. The suspected parent−offspring relationship between this species and the fully ring-deligated product, [Fe(AN)6]2+, has been confirmed. In solutions containing cyclohexene oxide, [CpFebz]+ generates several photoproducts capable of initiating the cationic polymerization of the epoxide monomer. The initiation process and the first few steps in the subsequent growth of the polymer chain have been observed.
FT-IR Microscopy Studies of Water Ingress into Aluminum-Adhesive Joints

FT-IR microscopy of the effect of humidity on epoxy thin films on anodized aluminum surfaces was performed in the absence of external stress. The oxide transformation was observed in the anodized s...
T cell responses during influenza infection: getting and keeping control

The 2009 influenza pandemic highlighted the threat that type A influenza poses to human health. Thus, there is an urgency to understand the pathobiology of influenza infection and the contribution of the host immune response to virus elimination and the development of lung injury. This review focuses on the T cell arm of the adaptive host immune response to influenza. We assess recent developments in the understanding of how primary influenza virus-specific T cell responses are induced by antigen-presenting cells, the interaction of activated effector T cells with antigen-bearing cells in the infected lungs. Also examined is the contribution of influenza-specific effector T cells to the development and control of lung injury and inflammation during infection.
On the cultural constitution of collective memory

The study of collective memory needs to take into consideration the cultural context in which the remembering takes place. In this article, I analyse how functional variations of collective memory across cultures may influence the processes, practices, and outcomes of collective remembering. I then discuss the transitory nature of culture in affecting collective memory across an individual's lifespan as well as across time and generations. I borrow recent findings from cross-cultural research on autobiographical memory to illustrate the cultural effects, and propose a new approach to studying collective memory in which the individual, the collective, and the culture are treated as a single unit of analysis.
Measuring the radiation pattern of integrated antennas with internal sources: A phaseless near-field technique

Characterization of the antenna on integrated wireless devices can be a challenge for many existing near-field antenna measurement ranges. Since the majority of these devices feature internal sources that cannot be referenced, conventional near-field measurements cannot be conducted. This paper introduces a simple technique utilizing phaseless measurements and the phase retrieval algorithm to measure these antennas that have their own source in existing planar near-field ranges and using existing equipment. The measurement range configuration, an overview of phaseless measurements and the phase retrieval algorithm, and a representative example of the technique will be introduced.
Deaf Students’ Receptive and Expressive American Sign Language Skills: Comparisons and Relations

This article presents receptive and expressive American Sign Language skills of 85 students, 6 through 22 years of age at a residential school for the deaf using the American Sign Language Receptive Skills Test and the Ozcaliskan Motion Stimuli. Results are presented by ages and indicate that students' receptive skills increased with age and were still developing across this age range. Students' expressive skills, specifically classifier production, increased with age but did not approach adult-like performance. On both measures, deaf children with deaf parents scored higher than their peers with hearing parents and many components of the measures significantly correlated. These results suggest that these two measures provide a well-rounded snapshot of individual students' American Sign Language skills.
Fine Crystal Structure Transition of Cobalt Nanoparticles Formed in a Microfluidic Reactor

The X-ray diffractions of cobalt nanoparticles synthesized by a microfluidic reactor process at low temperature suggest glasslike phases with only one broad peak. An X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) technique is used to investigate fine crystal phase transition or changes in atomic arrangement and interatom spacing, during the Co nanoparticle formation by the microfluidic reactor process. The results indicate that the dynamic energy and retention time in microfluidic channels, and Ostwald ripening and quenching processes will affect the atom arrangement and the interatom spacing significantly. The hierarchies of surface energies for the main cut planes in different Co crystal structures can be used to elaborate these effects very well. The atom rearrangement and the interatom spacing shift during the nanoparticle formation are very important in the control of the nanoparticle properties via microfluidic processes, particularly for those sensitive to their fine crystal structures, such as magnetic an...
Index sets for computable differential equations

Index sets are used to measure the complexity of properties associated with the differentiability of real functions and the existence of solutions to certain classic differential equations. The new notion of a locally computable real function is introduced and provides several examples of Σ04 complete sets. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The circadian Per1 and Per2 genes influence alcohol intake, reinforcement, and blood alcohol levels.

Abstract Background Perturbations in the function of core circadian clock components such as the Period (Per) family of genes are associated with alcohol use disorder, and disruptions in circadian cycles may contribute to alcohol abuse and relapse. This study tested ethanol consumption, reinforcement, and metabolism in mice containing functional mutations in Per1 and/or Per2 genes on an ethanol-preferring background, C57BL/6J mice. Methods Mice were tested in: (A) free-access intake with ascending concentrations of ethanol (2–16%, v/v), (B) conditioned place preference using ethanol (2 g/kg for males; 2.5 g/kg for females) vs. saline injections, (C) recovery of the righting reflex following a 4 g/kg bolus of ethanol, and (D) blood ethanol levels 1 h after a 2 g/kg bolus of ethanol. Results All Per mutant (mPer) mice showed increased ethanol intake and condition place preference compared to controls. There were also genotypic differences in blood ethanol concentration: in males, only mPer1 mice showed a significantly higher blood ethanol concentration than WT mice, but in females, all mPer mice showed higher blood ethanol levels than WT mice. Conclusions Mutation of either Per1 or Per2, as well as mutations of both genes, increases ethanol intake and reinforcement in an ethanol-preferring mouse model. In addition, this increase in ethanol seeking behavior seems to result both from a change in ethanol metabolism and a change in reward responding to ethanol, but not from any change in sensitivity to ethanol's sedating effects.
Eccentrically insulated travelling-wave antenna for subsurface communication

A detailed design procedure is presented for an eccentrically insulated travelling-wave antenna suitable for subsurface radio communication. Simple formulas for the input impedance, current distribution and field pattern of this directional antenna are derived.
Normal state properties of the ternary molybdenum sulfides

By making a large number of normal state and superconducting properties measurements, all on the same ternary molybdenum sulfide samples, we obtain values for Fermi surface and superconducting parameters. From these we conclude that sputtered ternary molybdenum sulfides are not completely in the dirty superconductor limit, and that they are d-band metals with a high electron carrier density.
Coil embolization of an inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm associated with celiac artery occlusion.

Abstract Pancreaticoduodenal arcade aneurysms are rare. Untreated, these lesions enlarge progressively and have the potential for spontaneous rupture. Aneurysmal degeneration of pancreaticoduodenal arcade vessels is known to be associated with celiac artery occlusion, vasculitis, and certain connective tissue disorders. Given their precarious location, surgical expiration is a challenging endeavor. Innovations in endovascular techniques offer a possible alternative. We report a case of a 55-year-old gentleman with a 2.2×2.1-cm aneurysm of one of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries and a concomitant finding of occlusion of the celiac artery trunk. Percutaneous coil embolization of the aneurysm was employed as the treatment in this case with the successful exclusion of the aneurysm sac, while maintaining continuity of the native circulation. This case report demonstrates that, due to the success rate of aneurysm exclusion and the relatively low morbidity and mortality rates seen with endovascular repair as compared to surgical intervention, endovascular treatment has become the treatment of choice for pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms.
Dubin-Johnson-like Syndrome in Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia):

On routine blood screens, persistent conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was discovered in two groups of closely related adult female golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia, n = 8). Bromosulfophthalein (BSP) retention tests were performed on four hyperbilirubinemic and three control tamarins. BSP excretion was delayed in hyperbilirubinemic tamarins as compared with controls. Grossly, liver of affected tamarins was dark brown to black, with a prominent reticulated pattern. Histologic examination revealed abundant intrahepatic pigment, primarily in a centrilobular and midzonal distribution. Most of the pigment did not react with Perls' Prussian blue method for iron, Hall's method for bilirubin, or the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology acid-fast method for lipofuscin but was positive with Fontana and lipofuscin-ferric ferricyanide reduction techniques. Liver from control golden lion tamarins had intrahepatocellular Perls' iron-positive pigment diffusely throughout the lobule with a small amount of Fontana method-positive pigment. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes from a hyperbilirubinemic tamarin contained pleomorphic electron-dense structures within lysosomes. Transport studies demonstrated secretion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled glycocholic acid, a fluorescent bile acid analog, into bile canaliculi and no secretion of carboxydichlorofluorescein diacetate, a non-bile acid organic anion, by liver from a hyperbilirubinemic tamarin. In contrast, control liver secreted carboxydichlorofluorescein diacetate readily into bile canaliculi. The clinicopathologic presentation of this syndrome in golden lion tamarins is similar to that described for Dubin-Johnson syndrome of human beings.
Gorgoderina attenuata: cytochemical and biochemical observations on the digestive tracts of digenetic trematodes.

Abstract Electron microscopy of the gastrodermis of Gorgoderina attenuata demonstrates a syncytial epithelium. Underlying the gastrodermis is a basal lamina in which are embedded circular and longitudinal muscles. The luminal surface is extended as digitiform cytoplasmic extensions that apparently aid in the absorption of nutrients. The cytoplasm demonstrates an extensive system of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi areas, and numerous mitochondria. Three types of membrane-delimited vesicles are noted. They are designated DV 1 , DV 2 , and DV 3 . DV 1 vesicles and DV 2 vesicles demonstrate acid phosphatase activity and are interpreted as lysosomes and cytolysomes, respectively. The basal plasmalemma is infolded at irregular intervals. No indication of endocytotic activity is noted.
Delaying primary percutaneous coronary intervention for computed tomographic scans in the emergency department.

Patients presenting with suspected ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may have important alternative diagnoses (e.g., aortic dissection, pulmonary emboli) or safety concerns for STEMI management (e.g., head trauma). Computed tomographic (CT) scanning may help in identifying these alternative diagnoses but may also needlessly delay primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We analyzed the ACTIVATE-SF Registry, which consists of consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of STEMI admitted to the emergency departments of 2 urban hospitals. Of 410 patients with a suspected diagnosis of STEMI, 45 (11%) underwent CT scanning before primary PCI. Presenting electrocardiograms, baseline risk factors, and presence of an angiographic culprit vessel were similar in those with and without CT scanning before PCI. Only 2 (4%) of these CT scans changed clinical management by identifying a stroke. Patients who underwent CT scanning had far longer door-to-balloon times (median 166 vs 75 minutes, p
Ferromagnetic τ-MnAl epitaxially grown on (100) GaAs substrates by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Epitaxial thin films of τ-MnAl have been grown on (100) GaAs substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetotransport measurements have been used to determine the microstructure and magnetic properties of the films. High resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the deposited MnAl films have the lattice constants of the τ-phase with a0 = 0.264 nm and c0 = 0.357 nm. Magnetoresistance measurements yield hysteresis curves verifying the perpendicular magnetization of the films and their coercivities of up to 6.7 kOe.
Wave breaking and turbulence at a tidal inlet

Field measurements collected with surface drifters at New River Inlet (NC, USA) are used to characterize wave breaking and turbulence in the presence of currents. Shoreward wave evolution is affected by currents, and breaking is observed in deeper water with opposing currents (ebb tides) relative to the following currents (flood tides). Wave dissipation models are evaluated with observed cross-shore gradients in wave energy flux. Wave dissipation models that include the effects of currents are better correlated with the observations than the depth-only models. Turbulent dissipation rates measured in the breaking regions are used to evaluate two existing scaling models for the vertical structure and magnitude of turbulent dissipation relative to wave dissipation. Although both describe the rapid decay of turbulence beneath the surface, exponential vertical scaling by water depth is superior to power law vertical scaling by wave height.
A comparison between intubation and food addition as routes of oral exposure for northern bobwhites to DDT insecticide.

Our objective was to compare two methods of oral dosing of p,p′-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane) on uptake of DDT metabolites and isomers (i.e., p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDD) in livers and brains. p,p′-DDT was administered to northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) by intubation with corn oil or as a feed additive for 56 days. When adjusted for amount of DDT consumed, total DDT (ΣDDT, the summation of all DDT metabolites and isomers) and p,p′-DDE concentrations differed significantly (P < 0.10) in both brains and livers, whereas p,p′-DDD differed only in brains and p,p′-DDT differed only in livers. Paired comparisons between brains and livers differed significantly for ΣDDT, (P < 0.05), p,p′-DDE (P < 0.05) and p,p′-DDT (P < 0.1) for both intubated and food-dosed treatment groups, whereas p,p′-DDD (P < 0.05) differed only in the intubated group. We concluded that method of oral exposure affected the uptake of DDT in livers and brains for northern bobwhites.
Adaptation of biological membranes to temperature: molecular species compositions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of liver from thermally-acclimated rainbow trout

Molecular species profiles were determined for both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of mitochondrial and microsomal membrane fractions from liver tissue of thermally-acclimated rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri. The predominant molecular species of PC were 16:0/22:6, 16:0/18:1, 16:0/20:3 and 16:0/22:5, whereas predominant molecular species of PE were 18:1/20:4, 14:0/16:0, 18:0/22:6 and 18:1/22:6. PE possessed short chain saturates (primarily 14:0/16:0) and monoenes (primarily 14:0/16:1) not present in PC and larger proportions of polyunsaturated (18:0/22:6, 18:0/22:5 and 18:1/22:6. and diunsaturated molecular species than PC. Differences between membrane fractions were most evident in warm (20°C)-acclimated trout. Mitochondria contained higher proportions of long-chain, polyunsaturated molecular species of PE, but less of the corresponding species of PC than other membrane fractions. Rankings based on unsaturation index were accordingly: mitochondria ≥heavy microsomes>light microsomes for PE, but heavy microsomes>light microsomes>-mitochondria for PC. Mitochondria were notable for high proportions of diunsaturated molecular species of both phosphatides. Growth at cold temperatures (5°C) was generally associated with a replacement of shorter chain mono- and dienoic molecular species (16:0/18:1, 16:1/18:1, 14:0/16:2 and 18:1/18:1 in the case of PC and 14:0/16:1, 14:0/16:2 and 16:1/18:1 for PE), and occasionally saturates, with long-chain, polyunsaturated molecular species (for PC, C36–38: 16:0/22:6, 16:1/22:6, 16:0/20:3 and 16:0/20:5; for PE, C38–40: 18:1/20:4, 16:1/22:6, 18:0/20:5, 18:2/20:4, 18:0/22:5 and 18:0/22:6). However, compositions of mitochondrial PE and PC from heavy microsomes were not significantly influenced by acclimation temperature. The role of phospholipase A2, in addition to other metabolic processes, in mediating these changes is discussed.
Photon emission from a cavity-coupled double quantum dot.

Driving a direct current through a double quantum dot in a semiconducting nanowire coupled to an optical cavity results in the emission of photons.
Internet recruiting and employment discrimination: a legal perspective

Abstract This article analyzes the growth of employee recruiting on the Internet and its legal implications. With present technology, employers can solicit job applications and screen prospective employees. An organizational economics framework suggests that electronic recruiting will make up an important dimension of human resource management activity in the future. The technology, however, may have a disparate impact on certain groups of workers, particularly ethnic minorities. The concluding part of the article suggests steps employers might take to avoid legal problems and to maintain diversity objectives within the organization.
Determining K+ channel activation curves from K+ channel currents.

Potassium ion channels are generally believed to have current-voltage (IV) relations which are linearly related to driving force (V–E K), where V is membrane potential and E K is the potassium ion equilibrium potential. Consequently, activation curves for K+ channels have often been measured by normalizing voltage-clamp families of macroscopic K+ currents with (V–E K), where V is the potential of each successive step in the voltage clamp sequence. However, the IV relation for many types of K+ channels actually has a non-linear dependence upon driving force which is well described by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz relation. When the GHK dependence on (V–E K) is used in the normalization procedure, a very different voltage dependence of the activation curve is obtained which may more accurately reflect this feature of channel gating. Novel insights into the voltage dependence of the rapidly inactivating I A channels Kv1.4 and Kv4.2 have been obtained when this procedure was applied to recently published results.
Effect of cholera enterotoxin on calcium uptake and cyclic AMP accumulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells.

1. 1. Cholera enterotoxin (CT), at an optimal concentration of 2.38 × 1010 M, stimulated calcium uptake (P <0.01) and cyclic AMP accumulation (P <0.02) in cultured rat basophilic leukemia cells. 2. 2. No significant effect of CT on calcium release or cyclic GMP accumulation was detected. 3. 3. Pharmacologie and chemical agents which block calcium uptake or prostaglandin synthesis antagonized the effect of CT.
New Limit on Magnetic Monopole Flux

The underground Soudan-1 nucleon decay experiment can measure the velocities of slowly moving particles if they can be detected by ionization at a level 0.5 times that of a relativistic muon. Magnetic monopoles predicted by grand unified theories should satisfy this condition if their velocities are greater than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}c$. During a live time of 0.41 yr, no candidate has been observed, implying a 90%-confidence-level limit on the flux of such objects of 4.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ${\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for velocities between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}c$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}c$.
The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and CVLT: A Preliminary Comparison

A preliminary examination of the relationship between two clinical measures of verbal memory was conducted among healthy older subjects. Correlations between selected scores from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) revealed that the total number of words learned across trials for both tests were significantly related (r =.74, p <.001), while there was no association between error rates (i.e., perseverations and intrusions). Recognition hits alone were not related, but recognition discriminability indices (accounting for false-positive errors) on the two measures were significantly correlated (r =.46, p =.02). While the HVLT appears to adequately assess basic verbal learning capacity, its utility in assessing some of the more complex and qualitative aspects of verbal learning and memory function may be limited, and interpretations of HVLT performances based on the CVLT literature must be made with caution. A clinical case example is presented to illustrate some of the issues in comparing performance on the HVLT and CVLT.
Toward optimizing lighting as a countermeasure to sleep and circadian disruption in space flight.

Abstract Light is being used as a pre-launch countermeasure to circadian and sleep disruption in astronauts. The effect of light on the circadian system is readily monitored by measurement of plasma melatonin. Our group has established an action spectrum for human melatonin regulation and determined the region of 446–477 nm to be the most potent for suppressing plasma melatonin. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 460 and 555 nm for suppressing melatonin using a within-subjects design. Subjects ( N = 12 ) were exposed to equal photon densities ( 7.18 × 10 12 photons / cm 2 / s ) at 460 and 555 nm. Melatonin suppression was significantly stronger at 460 nm ( p 0.02 ). An extension to the action spectrum showed that 420 nm light at 16 and 32 μ W / cm 2 significantly suppressed melatonin ( p 0.04 and p 0.002 ). These studies will help optimize lighting countermeasures to circadian and sleep disruption during spaceflight.
Potential Importance of Metal-Ligand Interactions in Enzyme Assays Demonstrated with the Assay Cocktail for Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase

Assay cocktail modification such as addition of effector can cause inadvertent changes in the concentration of other metalligand and free species. In some cases, e.g. in the assay for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase under a limiting-substrate condition, unintentional changes in substrate concentration are significant and confound an interpretation based solely on the total concentration of each component. A cautionary argument is developed on the basis of examples from the current literature.
Optimization on the space of rigid and flexible motions: An alternative manifold optimization approach

In this paper we consider the problem of minimization of a cost function that depends on the location and poses of one or more rigid bodies, or bodies that consist of rigid parts hinged together. We present a unified setting for formulating this problem as an optimization on an appropriately defined manifold for which efficient manifold optimizations can be developed. This setting is based on a Lie group representation of the rigid movements of a body that is different from what is commonly used for this purpose. We illustrate this approach by using the steepest descent algorithm on the manifold of the search space and specify conditions for its convergence.
DEMO: On the real-time masking of the sound of credit cards using hot patching

Phone based card payments utilize inband DTMF signaling to convey data. Since the DTMF signals are audible to a human ear, a call operator is in position to carry out a privacy attack. We investigate real-time techniques that can obfuscate the 'digit' values without deteriorating the voice quality. Furthermore, we consider a setting where the privacy solution is being provided by a third party which does not have the benefit of open interfaces to the communication application. Our experiments reveal the efficacy of binary interception to 'inject' the signal filtering. Meanwhile, we observe that several DTMF suppression techniques that have been proposed in literature can leave a residue that is sufficient for de-anonymizing the digit value. In light of these observations, we argue in favor of more modest privacy guarantees, which can be achieved by suppressing only the higher frequency. We show that margin crossings and peak variances can be used for fast pre-filtering of audio to detect the presence of a tone, thus reducing the computational needs.
Value of colour Doppler in the pre-operative localization of parathyroid tumours☆

Abstract Objective: To assess the value of colour Doppler (CD), high resolution and Doppler ultrasound in the pre-operative localization of parathyroid tumours. Our hypothesis was that high resolution ultrasound combined with colour Doppler and Doppler ultrasound is the method of choice for pre-operative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. Methods: High resolution 5–10 MHz B scan ultrasound, colour Doppler and Doppler ultrasound were used pre-operatively in 52 patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) as revealed by laboratory parameters (parathyroid hormone, hypercalcaemia). Results: In 49 patients, the parathyroid tumours were identified pre-operatively, in four patients two tumours each. Forty-nine of the 53 tumours were hypoechoic, seven contained cystic spaces, and four were isoechoic compared to the thyroid gland. In 52 enlarged parathyroid glands, the tumour's own vessels (artery and vein) were detected by colour Doppler and Doppler ultrasound. Forty-nine patients underwent surgery. The sonographic diagnosis was confirmed intra-operatively and histologically in 46 cases. Compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and parathyroid subtraction scintigraphy, the detection rate of ultrasound including CD was significantly higher. Conclusion: Ultrasound including CD is an effective diagnostic method in pHPT.
ACK1 Tyrosine Kinase Interacts with Histone Demethylase KDM3A to Regulate the Mammary Tumor Oncogene HOXA1

Hormone therapy with the selective estrogen-receptor modulator tamoxifen provides a temporary relief for patients with estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancers. However, a subset of patients exhibiting overexpression of the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase displays intrinsic resistance to tamoxifen therapy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms promoting the estrogen (E2)-independent ER-regulated gene transcription in tamoxifen-resistant breast tumors is essential to identify new therapeutic avenues to overcome drug resistance and ameliorate poor prognosis. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2), has emerged as a major integrator of signaling from various receptor tyrosine kinases including HER2. We have uncovered that heregulin-mediated ACK1 activation promoted ER activity in the presence of tamoxifen, which was significantly down-regulated upon ACK1 knockdown or inhibition of ACK1 by small molecule inhibitors, AIM-100 or Dasatinib. We report that ACK1 phosphorylates the ER co-activator, KDM3A, a H3K9 demethylase, at an evolutionary conserved tyrosine 1114 site in a heregulin-dependent manner, even in the presence of tamoxifen. Consistent with this finding, ACK1 activation resulted in a significant decrease in the deposition of dimethyl H3K9 epigenetic marks. Conversely, inhibition of ACK1 by AIM-100 or Dasatinib restored dimethyl H3K9 methylation marks and caused transcriptional suppression of the ER-regulated gene HOXA1. Thus, by its ability to regulate the epigenetic activity of an ER co-activator KDM3A, ACK1 modulates HOXA1 expression in the absence of E2, conferring tamoxifen resistance. These data reveal a novel therapeutic option, suppression of ACK1 signaling by AIM-100 or Dasatinib, to mitigate HOXA1 up-regulation in breast cancer patients displaying tamoxifen resistance.