cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Syllabification strategies in spoken word processing: Evidence from phonological priming

Two experiments were conducted to examine which of two linguistic syllabification strategies, the maximal onset principle and the stress principle, is operative in auditory word recognition. Test stimuli consisted of bisyllabic words and nonwords containing two medial consonants, the second of which had a potential attachment to either the coda of the first syllable or the onset of the second syllable (e.g., MARKET). A phonological priming paradigm was used in which prime stimuli were artificially syllabified by inserting silence. In the critical conditions, the prime was consistent with the maximal onset principle (e.g., MAR-KET) or with the stress principle (e.g., MARK-ET). The results suggested that listeners prefer to attach a medial consonant to the onset of a syllable in a way that is characterized by the maximal onset principle. The results also indicate some use of the stress principle.
Optical sensor research: a collaborative effort

Optical sensor companies in the UK are getting together to organise their own research and development.
Integrin alpha 8 beta 1 promotes attachment, cell spreading, and neurite outgrowth on fibronectin.

Abstract The integrin alpha 8 subunit, isolated by low stringency hybridization, is a novel integrin subunit that associates with beta 1. To identify ligands, we have prepared a function-blocking antiserum to the extracellular domain of alpha 8, and we have established by transfection K562 cell lines that stably express alpha 8 beta 1 heterodimers on the cell surface. We demonstrate here by cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth assays that alpha 8 beta 1 is a fibronectin receptor. Studies on fibronectin fragments using RGD peptides as inhibitors show that alpha 8 beta 1 binds to the RGD site of fibronectin. In contrast to the endogenous alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin receptor in K562 cells, alpha 8 beta 1 not only promotes cell attachment but also extensive cell spreading, suggesting functional differences between the two receptors. In chick embryo fibroblasts, alpha 8 beta 1 is localized to focal adhesions. We conclude that alpha 8 beta 1 is a receptor for fibronectin and can promote attachment, cell spreading, and neurite outgrowth on fibronectin.
Three-phase boundary expansion in thin liquid films

Abstract Early stages in the spontaneous displacement of one liquid from a smooth solid surface by another immiscible liquid, arising in drop coalescence with a planar solid surface, have been investigated experimentally. The kinetics of three-phase boundary (TPB) motion in thin liquid films has been analyzed by relating TPB velocity (U) to the interfacial tension (γ12) between the displacing (1) and displaced (2) liquids, the bulk viscosities (μ1, μ2), and the viscosity ratio ( λ = μ 2 μ 1 ). Using data on systems where TPB expansion occurred from a single isolated rupture point and whose viscosity ratios varied over six orders of magnitude, it was found that U ∼ μ 1 −0.45 μ 2 −0.55 γ 12 × exp [ −8.1r R 0 ] , where r is the instantaneous radius of the TPB, and R0 is the initial radius of drop 1, the displacing phase. Rupture of the liquid 2 film coupled with subsequent TPB motion was also studied to delineate mechanisms responsible for trapping of residual droplets of the displaced phase. Two modes of trapping were observed. “Single thread” trapping arose when two expanding TPB regions converged along a line, while a second mode resulted from simultaneous rupture of the liquid 2 film in a circular pattern about the “dimple” formed at the base of the liquid 1 drop. Finally, in some cases film rupture and TPB motion were preceded by the formation of a metastable “black” film. Consequently, expansion after rupture was characterized by a moving thin film region just ahead of the TPB.
SU-FF-T-114: Breath Coaching with Visual Feedback for End-Expiratory Gated Radiotherapy

Purpose: To determine if breath coaching to maintain a consistent breathing amplitude at expiration is feasible in a clinical setting. Method and Materials: This technique consists of two phases of observation and active breathing to restrict the end‐expiratory phase so as to never exceed the lower limit of the gate. The first phase consists of 2 minutes of observation followed by 3 minutes of active breathing using visual feedback, while the second phase consists of 2 minutes of observation followed by 8 minutes of active breathing again using visual feedback. The purpose of the 2‐minute observation periods is to set the end‐expiratory gate at a comfortable level for the patient. Following the first phase the patient assesses whether the lower limit of the gate is appropriate and if it can be maintained in a reproducible manner for an extended period without exhaling below the gate. We have studied ten healthy volunteers of varying ages. The RPM system (Varian) was used to monitor the respiratory cycles of the volunteers. The volunteers self‐monitored their respiration via goggles that were turned on following each 2‐minute observation period. Results: The visual feedback was the key factor to reproducibly maintain the end‐expiratory gate. We were able to determine that all subjects were successful in sustaining their breathing pattern such that they did not exceed the lower limit of the gate and they were all able to do so comfortably. Only one volunteer would have needed to have the gate shifted upwards for actual treatment delivery. Only one volunteer would have needed to have the gate shifted upwards for actual treatment delivery. Conclusion: Breath coaching to maintain a consistent expiratory amplitude is feasible. It should not place a heavy burden on the patient during respiratory‐gated radiotherapy.
Reactions of Tris(oxazolinyl)phenylborato Rhodium(I) with C−X (X = Cl, Br, OTf) Bonds: Stereoselective Intermolecular Oxidative Addition

The achiral and enantiopure chiral compounds ToMRh(CO)2 (3) and ToPRh(CO)2 (4) (ToM = tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate; ToP = tris(4S-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate) were prepared to investigate stereoselective oxidative addition reactions and develop new catalytic enantioselective bond functionalization and cross-coupling chemistry. Reactivity at the rhodium center is first shown by the substitution of the carbonyl ligands in 3 and 4 in the presence of the appropriate ligand; thus treatment of ToMRh(CO)2 with P(OMe)3 provides ToMRh(CO)[P(OMe)3] (5). However, reaction of ToMRh(CO)2 and MeOTf (Tf = SO2CF3) affords the complex [{N-Me-κ2-ToM}Rh(CO)2]OTf (6), resulting from N-oxazoline methylation rather than oxidative addition to rhodium(I). In contrast, ToMRh(CO)2 reacts with allyl bromide and chloroform, forming the rhodium(III) species (κ3-ToM)Rh(η1-C3H5)Br(CO) (7) and (κ3-ToM)Rh(CHCl2)Cl(CO) (8), respectively. Interestingly, the chiral ToPRh(CO)2 and CHCl3 react to give one diastereomer o...
Measurement of vocal fold intraglottal pressure and impact stress

Intraglottal pressure was measured according to a previously described hemilarynx procedure. Three phases were identified for intraglottal pressure: an impact phase, in which the vocal folds come into contact and produce a sharp pressure pulse; a preopen phase, in which there is a progressive pressure buildup due to increased exposure of the vocal fold surfaces to subglottal pressure; and an open phase, in which intraglottal pressure becomes aerodynamic and drops gradually from opening to closing. Impact pressure peaks were positively related to subglottal pressure, elongation, and adduction of the vocal folds. The midpoint of the membranous vocal fold received the maximum impact stress. The experimental results match well with analytical predictions and support a current theory of mechanical trauma leading to vocal nodules.
Measurements of S II optical emission from the thermal plasma of Jupiter

Photometric spectra of the forbidden S II emission lines at 6716 and 6731 A originating in the Jovian magnetosphere are examined. The summed apparent emission rate in the two sulfur lines is plotted against the central-meridian longitude of Jupiter in System III. It is found that the total sulfur brightness exhibited a distinct minimum when the Jovian magnetic dipole was in the plane defined by the earth-Jupiter vector and the Jovian rotational axis. The observations are shown to be qualitatively consistent with an annular emitting region at the magnetic equator with a thickness of about 1 Jupiter radius and an inner radius of 4 to 5 Jupiter radii. The observations also imply a (logarithmic) characteristic electron density of approximately 3.7 per cu cm and a (logarithmic) average column abundance of about 11.5 per sq cm for singly ionized sulfur.
THE CYTONUCLEOPROTEINS OF AMEBAE: II. Some Aspects of Cytonucleoprotein Behavior and Synthesis

Radioactivity, apparently in cytonucleoproteins, from an amino acid-labeled nucleus implanted into a non-radioactive cell appeared in the host nucleus within 10 minutes, and the typical equilibrium ratio 70:30 donor nucleus radioactivity:host nucleus radioactivity was reached in 4 to 5 hours at 25°C. If such binucleates grew and divided, no localization of radioactivity was observable in cells fixed during mitosis, but the protein label remained concentrated in the daughter interphase nuclei for at least 4 generations. Continued migration of cytonucleoproteins was observed if these daughter nuclei were transplanted to other unlabeled cells. The Q10 (19° to 29°C) of the migration rate of radioactive cytonucleoproteins was ca. 1.3, suggesting that passage through the cytoplasm occurred by diffusion. Both non-migratory nuclear proteins and cytonucleoproteins appear to be synthesized in the cytoplasm.
Tumoral invasion in the central nervous system

During growth, migration and differentiation, cells closely interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The harmony between cells and their environment is a key factor that maintains the normal architecture of tissues. Loss of growth control is not the only characteristic of oncogenesis, loss of control by the ECM is an important event that allows malignant cells to further progress toward invasion and metastasis. Changes in cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation of the ECM and cell migration have all been described during invasion of most tissues by tumor cells. However little is known of these changes in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Although brain tumor cells may share some of the invasive characteristics of tumors that arise outside the CNS, the particular structure and composition of the brain ECM suggest the existence of unique invasive mechanisms in these tumors. Furthermore, the interaction between brain tumor cells and their ECM may explain the intriguing observation that despite their highly invasive behavior, these cells remain poorly metastatic. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms essential for tumor invasion and how they relate to invasion of tumors that arise in the CNS.
Retained nuclear fragment found during Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

An 82-year-old man with a 2- to 3-month history of progressive visual loss due to corneal edema was referred to our center. The ocular history was significant for uneventful cataract surgery approximately 3 years earlier. Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy was diagnosed and Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) performed. During surgery, a retained nuclear fragment was discovered in the anterior chamber. The fragment was removed and the DSAEK completed successfully. At the 4-month follow-up, the symptoms had completely resolved and the uncorrected distance visual acuity in the affected eye was 20/40.
Psychobiological models of adolescent risk: Implications for prevention and intervention

Psychobiological models of risk have much to contribute to the prevention of and intervention with risky behavior among adolescents. Emerging research is beginning to provide better information about mechanisms underlying individual differences in risky behavior (e.g., differences in self-regulation) and providing insight into unique vulnerabilities that occur during adolescence (e.g., increases in reward seeking). This work suggests ways in which prevention programming can be designed to be sensitive to both individual differences and developmental timing. Psychobiological models of risk also have practical implications for the manner and methods of conducting prevention and intervention work. Future work in both the etiology and prevention of risky behavior can benefit from ongoing dialogue and has the potential to result in a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms of change related to risky behavior.
The Effect of Transitions in Caregiving Status and Intensity on Perceived Stress Among 992 Female Caregivers and Noncaregivers

Background. Informal caregiving, a chronic stressor, is also a dynamic experience, as caregivers may repeatedly enter and exit the role and alter the amount of care they provide. Changes in caregiving status and intensity influence stress, but few studies have evaluated the simultaneous impact of these changes on perceived stress.
Modelling studies applied to functionally graded materials

This review contains a description of modelling studies relative to functionally graded materials (FGMs). Two principal topics are covered: models for microstructure-dependent thermophysical properties, and models for the design, processing, and performance of FGMs. The former is a particularly important input to FGM modelling because of the wide variety of microstructures that can exist across the graded direction of a single material. Based on the work described in this review, recommendations are made regarding areas in which additional modelling studies would be beneficial. Suggested approaches to the modelling include the application of a number of powerful techniques, such as percolation theory, fractal analysis, lattice-based microstructure models, the renormalization group, neural networks, and fuzzy logic.
Combination chemotherapy of ovarian granulosa cell tumor with cis-platinum and doxorubicin

Abstract Two patients with metastatic granulosa cell tumors were treated with cis -platinum and doxorubicin, 50 mg/m 2 of each drug being given by intravenous bolus every 21 days. Both patients attained complete clinical remission. One, who refused second-look surgery, is alive and free of disease 18 months after cessation of treatment. The other patient had minimal gross residual disease at second-look laparotomy. This regimen shows promise in the treatment of disseminated stromal cord tumors.
Extending Mehrotra and Gondzio higher order methods to mixed semidefinite-quadratic-linear programming

We discuss extensions of Mehrotra's higher order corrections scheme and Gondzio's multiple centrality corrections scheme to mixed semidefinite-quadratic-linear programming (SQLP). These extensions have been included in a solver for SQLP written in C and based on LAPACK. The code implements a primal-dual path-following algorithm for solving SQLP problems based on the XZ + ZX search direction and Mehrotra's predictor-corrector method. We present benchmarks showing that the use of the higher order schemes yields substantial reductions in both the number of iterations and the running time of the algorithm, and also improves its robustness.
A replication initiator protein enhances the rate of hybrid formation between a silencer RNA and an activator RNA

The replication origin gamma of plasmid R6K in certain miniplasmids is kept silent by a silencer RNA. We have identified a major and three minor transcripts that are synthesized in a direction antiparallel and complementary to the silencer RNA. The major RNA, called the activator, is essential for replication from ori gamma. The complementary nature of the activator and silencer RNAs strongly suggests that the former is a target of the latter. We have also discovered that the initiator protein is a sequence-specific double-stranded RNA-binding protein that accelerates the rate of activator-silencer hybrid formation. Thus the efficient silencing of ori gamma can be explained by silencer RNA-activator RNA hybrid formation that is driven to completion by the initiator protein.
The analytic structure of dynamical systems and self-similar natural boundaries☆

Abstract In this paper we investigate the analytic, complex-time structure of the movable singularities for several dynamical systems. In general, it is found that there exists a direct connection between the occurencce of a certain type of multiple-valuedness of the singularities and the existence of a class of remarkable, “self-similar” natural boundaries for these systems. An asymptotic description of the distribution of singularities in the natural boundary is developed. This provides a description of the fine-scale structure of these natural boundaries that agrees closely with the numerical calculations.
Isolation of anti-HIV-1 lignans from Larrea tridentata by counter-current chromatography

Abstract Several lignans, mostly new, were isolated from Larrea tridentata by assay-guided counter-current chromatography (CCC). Using the secreted alkaline phosphatase bioassay of HIV Tat transactivation and the two-phase hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solvent system, two major components ( Gr and Lo ) were identified as anti-HIV active principles. The chemical structures of the constituents of Gr (G 1 -G 4 and Lo (L 1 -L 4 ) were determined by GC-MS and NMR. After optimization of isolation conditions, a large-scale isolation with the chloroform-methanol-water system yielded five constituents (FB 1 -FB 5 ). The most predominant anti-HIV compound FB 2 (denoted Malachi 4:5–6 or mal.4), which occurs in 0.23% yield, was separated from its FB 1 isomer (0.13% yield). Compound FB 4 and two tricyclic lignans (FB 3 and FB 5 ) were also isolated in a substantial amount for further testing of their anti-HIV activities. These compounds may represent a new class of anti-HIV agents with important clinical relevance.
Potential Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Self-Testing for HIV in Low-Income Countries

HIV self-testing could reduce barriers to screening, increase the number of people aware of their HIV infection, and ultimately result in a greater percentage of the HIVinfected population having a suppressed HIV load [4], likely lowering the incidence of new HIV infections. Self-testing may be more convenient than provider-based screening, and potentially reduce the role of stigma in a patient’s choice to be screened. Furthermore, self-testing is less costly than provider-based screening, at least for the majority of people who have a negative result of HIV screening. It is therefore a reasonable hypothesis that HIV self-testing may both improve HIV outcomes and provide good value for the money fora ministry of health with a constrained budget. In this issue of The Journal of Infectious
High reliability 980-nm pump lasers for Er amplifiers

The erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has a profound impact on fiber optic transmission systems in telecommunications as well as cable television. The EDFA can employ pump laser diodes (pumps) at 980 nm or 1480 nm. Due to their fundamental performance advantages in noise figure and useful optical bandwidth 980 nm pumps have been preferred in all applications with the exception of submarine systems that have overriding reliability requirements. The 980-nm laser diode has established itself in countless applications as the prime pump for terrestrial EDFAs (digital and analog) with moderate saturated gain in the last few years. We believe that the tremendous learning will lead this pump chip to play an eminent role in the next few years in submarine applications, high saturated gain EDFAs and cladding pumped fiber lasers.
An Evaluation of the Hemizygous Transgenic Tg.AC Mouse for Carcinogenicity Testing of Pharmaceuticals. II. A Genotypic Marker that Predicts Tumorigenic Responsiveness

The Tg.AC transgenic mouse skin paint assay is one of the short-term carcinogenesis models that has been proposed as a replacement for 1 species in the conventional 2-yr bioassay required for safety testing of pharmaceuticals. In our initial efforts to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this model for human pharmaceuticals, 61% of the hemizygous Tg.AC mice in the positive control groups were refractory to treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Tg.AC mice are reported to carry ≤10 copies of a transgcne consisting of a ζ-globin promoter fused to the v-Ha-ras structural gene with a terminal simian virus 40 (SV40) polyaden-ylation signal. Southern blot hybridization of genomic DNA from 66 tail biopsies using a ζ-globin probe revealed that all of the hemizygous Tg.AC mice screened contained approximately 40 copies of the transgene and that mice unresponsive to TPA had lost a 2-kb BamHI fragment containing ζ-gIobin promoter sequence. By systematic screening of Tg.AC breeder mice for...
Faster than real-time machine learning within high fidelity simulations

Imagine using a virtual learning environment to remove the programmer from the process of developing code for mechanical movement. Efficient artificial intelligence combined with a high fidelity simulation would allow the computer to discover valid, optimal actions for a robot in faster than real-time, thus eliminating the need for human guess-and-test. This paper presents the challenges of developing such a system, and describes a robotic machine and associated simulation that gives testimony to this possibility.
Methodological Issues in the Study of Premarital Sexuality

The value of existing literature on premarital sexual behavior is limited by both methodological problems in and the descriptive orientation of most past research in this area. Five methodological ...
Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty

• Understand the assets, liabilities, and limitations of computer navigation in total hip arthroplasty .
Impact evaluation of efforts to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in Nigeria.

Objective: The objective of the present review is to assess the impact of universal salt iodisation in Nigeria during the last five years with reference to some of the sentinel sites studied previously during a 1995 multi-centre study. Design setting and subjects: The method of goitre classification by palpation was employed using the new internationally accepted method in which the classification is simply graded as 0 1 or 2. The multistage random sampling method was used and states and local government areas were already selected by virtue of their known status for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Schools were randomly chosen in each local government area and children aged 8–12 years in each school were determined. A percentage of the children was then included in the study to give a sample size greater than the minimum number allotted to the school. A total of 2372 schoolchildren (1420 males and 952 females) in 11 local government areas were examined; urine samples were collected from 537 children and analysed for urinary excretion of iodine. The method known as the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction was adopted in which the iodide in the urine samples catalyses the reduction of ceric ammonium sulphate (yellow colour) to the cerous form (colourless) in the presence of arsenious acid. The degree of reduction in colour intensity of the yellow ceric ammonium sulphate is proportional to the iodine content in the urine sample. Results: The results from this study show that the median urinary iodine excretion for this sampled population in Nigeria drawn mostly from IDD-endemic areas is 14.65µgdl(-1) with a mean value of 13.39µgdl(-1). Conclusion: This finding would suggest that Nigeria in general terms has achieved the goal of universal salt iodisation and should now focus its attention on constant monitoring in order to sustain this iodisation level. (authors)
Characteristics of black patients admitted to coronary care units in metropolitan Seattle: Results from the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Registry (MITI)

Abstract Since 1988, 641 Mack and 11,892 white patients with chest pain of presumed cardiac origin have been admitted to coronary care units in 19 hospitals in metropolitan Seattle. Black men and women were younger (58 vs 66, p Questions about the premature onset of coronary artery disease, excess systemic hypertension, and the differential use of interventions in black persons have been raised by other investigators. Despite differences in age, referral patterns and the use of coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery, black and white patients with AMI in metropolitan Seattle had similar outcomes.
Simvastatin improves sepsis-induced mortality and acute kidney injury via renal vascular effects

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about half of patients in septic shock and the mortality of AKI with sepsis is extremely high. An effective therapeutic intervention is urgently required. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors that also have pleiotropic actions. They have been reported to increase the survival of septic or infectious patients. But the effect of simvastatin, a widely used statin, on sepsis-induced AKI is unknown. The effects of simvastatin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α neutralizing antibody were studied in a clinically relevant model of sepsis-induced AKI using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in elderly mice. Simvastatin significantly improved CLP-induced mortality and AKI. Simvastatin attenuated CLP-induced tubular damage and reversed CLP-induced reduction of intrarenal microvascular perfusion and renal tubular hypoxia at 24 h. Simvastatin also restored towards normal CLP-induced renal vascular protein leak and serum TNF-α. Neither delayed simvastatin therapy nor TNF-α neutralizing antibody improved CLP-induced AKI. Simvastatin improved sepsis-induced AKI by direct effects on the renal vasculature, reversal of tubular hypoxia, and had a systemic anti-inflammatory effect.
Nonlinear Parametric Excitation Of An Evolutionary Dynamical System

Nonlinear parametric excitation refers to the nonlinear analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients. In contrast to linear parametric excitation, which offers determinations of the stability of equilibria, nonlinear parametric excitation has as its goal the structure of the phase space, as given by a portrait of the Poincare map. In this article, perturbation methods and numerical integration are applied to the replicator equation with periodic coefficients, being a model from evolutionary game theory where evolutionary dynamics are added to classical game theory using differential equations. In particular, we study evolution in the Rock–Paper–Scissors game, which has biological and social applications. Here, periodic coefficients could represent seasonal variation.
Metalmetal multiple bonds

Abstract The synthesis and chemistry of Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 (I) a coplex containing a reaction MoMo triple bond, are described. The formation of I in refluxing xylene is shown to occur via odd-electron intermediates from homolysis of the MoMo bond in the Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 6 precursor. Numerous soft nucleophiles add to I to give complexes, e.g., trans -(CpMo(CO) 2 L) 2 (L = Ph 3 P, P(OMe) 3 ), (μ-RC 2 R′)Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 , and (μ-SR) 2 Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 . (Et 4 N)(Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 CN) may be isolated from the reaction of cyanide ion with I. Iodine and hydrogen chloride react to give Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 I 2 and (μ-H)(μ-Cl)Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 , respectively. Silver and mercuric ions are reduced to the metal by I, but Ph 2 Hg gives (CpMo(CO) 3 ) 2 Hg in addition to metallic mercury. With tetracyanoethylene, I forms [CpMo(CO) 4 ] + [TCNE] − . Complex I mimics the reaction of acetylenes with L 4 Pt (L = Ph 3 P) and forms the triangulo-cluster, (μ-L 2 Pt)Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 . With Na 2 Fe(CO) 4 , Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 I 2 forms the analogous cluster, (μ-Fe(CO) 4 )Cp 2 Mo 2 (CO) 4 . By electron counting rules, these clusters should contain MoMo double bonds. Evidence is presented which indicates I and Co 2 (CO) 8 form an unstable tetrahedrane cluster. At 100°C in toluene, I may reversibly dimerize to give a tetrahedrane Mo 4 -cluster, as shown by scrambling experiments. Complex I reacts slowly with Mn 2 (CO) 10 to give CpMo(CO) 3 Mn(CO) 5 as the only isolable mixed-metal product.
Developmental abnormalities in Drosophila induced by heat shock

We have for some years been making use of phenocopies in Drosophila, as induced by heat shock, as tools for studies of the molecular events in morphogenesis [18, 21, 22]. In this paper, we have brought together some accumulated information on the conditions for phenocopy production, on a temporal sequence of sensitivity to induction, and on the nature of many of the morphogenetic abnormalities that can be induced. In general, the induction of phenocopies by heat shock requires conditions drastic enough to turn off transcriptional activities but not extreme enough to prevent recovery. This situation is most easily achieved in pupal stages where heat resistance is high, but even in this range, resistance varies with the stage of development. The phenocopies described resemble, for the most part, mutants that affect structures derived from epithelial differentiation or muscle development.
Low-power reconfigurable signal processing via dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT)

Presented in this paper are dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT) for systematic design of reconfigurable computing engines. These techniques allow dynamic alteration of algorithm properties in response to input non-stationarities. The input is modeled as a set of states with an underlying probability distribution, /spl Pscr//sub S/. For each input state s, a signal monitoring algorithm (SMA) computes a power-optimal configuration for the signal processing algorithm (SPA) block. A fraction /spl alpha/ of the (SPA) block is hardwired and the remaining (1-/spl alpha/) is reconfigurable. Similarly, the (SMA) block computation is partitioned into a fraction /spl beta/ for the memory and the remaining (1-/spl beta/) for the data path. For the given input state distribution, the optimal values of /spl alpha/ (/spl alpha//sub opt/) and /spl beta/ (/spl beta//sub opt/) are determined. It is shown that for frequency selective filtering (FIR filters), the power savings of 35%-45% can be achieved by a DAT-based reconfigurable system as compared to the traditional design based on the worst-case scenario.
A methodology for simulation and synthesis of mixed hardware/software systems

Summary form only given. A methodology for designing embedded DSP systems containing interacting hardware and software components is presented. The software typically comprises a program running on a programmable digital signal processor and the hardware consists of the processor, custom synthesized hardware modules, and the interface between the two. The methodology allows the designer to begin with a high-level dataflow description of the algorithm and generates a simulation model as well as a synthesizeable description for the entire system. The authors have implemented this mechanism within the Ptolemy framework as a heterogeneous target called the Design Assistant. >
A Trial of Team-Based Versus Small-Group Learning for Second-Year Medical Students: Does the Size of the Small Group Make a Difference?

Background: Team-based learning is a large-group instructional modality intended to provide active learning with modest faculty resources. Purpose: The goal is to determine if team-based learning could be substituted for small-group learning in case sessions without compromising test performance or satisfaction. Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven students were assigned to team-based or small-group learning for 6 case discussion sessions. Examination scores and student satisfaction were compared. Results: Instruction modality had no meaningful effect on examination score, 81.7% team based versus 79.7% small-group, p= .56 after multivariate adjustment. Student satisfaction was lower with team-based learning, 2.45 versus 3.74 on a 5-point scale, p< .001. Survey responses suggested that the very small size (8–10 students) of our small groups influenced the preference for small-group learning. Conclusions: Team-based learning does not adversely affect examination performance. However, student satisfaction ma...
Bounds On the Sequency Content of the Circular Functions

The Walsh series coefficients for the circular functions are considered. Specifically we determine the sequency content of eJπtand present bounds on the corresponding sequency-line spectrum.
Mössbauer study of dispersed iron ions in alkali halides

The dispersed state of iron ions in LiF and NaF is studied by absorber Mossbauer spectroscopy for the first time. Crystals containing low concentrations of Fe57 and quenched from high temperatures show spectra consisting of symmetric quadrupole split doublets indicative of iron ions in a divalent charge state. The absorber spectra show marked differences with the corresponding source spectra of LiF:Co57 and NaF: Co57. Aftereffects of the decay of Co57 are believed to be responsible for the difference in source and absorber spectra. Es wird der ausgedehnte Zustand von Eisenionen in LiF und NaF mit Absorber-Mosbauerspektroskopie erstmalig untersucht. Kristalle mit niedrigen Konzentrationen von Fe57 und von hohen Temperaturen abgeschreckt zeigen Spektren, die aus symmetrischen quadrupolaufgespaltenen Dubletts bestehen und fur Eisenionen im zweiwertigen Zustand charakteristisch sind. Die Absorberspektren zeigen merkliche Abweichungen von den entsprechenden Quellenspektren von LiF:Co57 und NaF: Co57. Es wird angenommen, das Nachwirkungseffekte des Abklingens von Co57 fur die Unterschiede der Quellen- und Absorberspektren verantwortlich sind.
Monkeybar injuries: complications of play.

Background. Playground equipment resulted in >200 000 injuries from 1990 to 1994, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission; 88% were attributable to climbers (monkeybars/jungle gyms [MB/JGs]), swings, and slides. Equipment-specific injury requiring emergency department (ED) evaluation has not been reported previously. Objective. To describe the spectrum of significant MB/JG-related injuries. Methods. A 2-year retrospective chart review was performed using the computerized charting system at a large urban Children9s Hospital/Regional Pediatric Trauma Center with 50 000 ED visits per year. A telephone survey also was conducted after the chart review to obtain additional information concerning the injury location, the surface type below the equipment, and the presence of adult supervision. Results. A total of 204 patients were identified. Mean age was 6.2 years (range, 20 months to 12 years); 114 (56%) were male. A seasonal variation was noted with June to August accounting for 43% of visits. Injuries included fractures in 124 (61%), contusions in 20 (10%), neck and back strains in 17 (8%), lacerations in 16 (8%), closed head injuries in 10 (5%), abdominal trauma in 5 (3%), genitourinary injuries in 5 (3%), and miscellaneous injuries in the remainder. Among fractures, 90% were fractures of the upper extremity; 48 (40%) were supracondylar fractures. One child sustained a C7 compression fracture. Abdominal injuries included 1 child who sustained a splenic laceration. All genitourinary injuries (2 vaginal hematomas, 1 vaginal contusion, 1 penile laceration, and 1 urethral injury) were from straddle-type injuries. Fifty-one (25%) patients were admitted to the hospital. Of these, 47 (92%) required an operative procedure (orthopedic reduction or vaginal examination under anesthesia). Analysis of the telephone data revealed that the surface did not influence the injury type. Of the 79 fractures, 30 occurred on “soft surfaces.” Injury type was associated significantly with chronologic age. Younger children (1 to 4 years of age) sustained more long-bone fractures than did older children. The presence of adult (at least 18 years of age) supervision, did not influence the occurrence of fractures. Conclusions. These data suggest that 1) a significant proportion (25%) of MB/JG-related injuries that are evaluated in the ED require hospitalization; 2) most of the injuries resulting in admission will require operative intervention (92%); 3) the surface below the equipment has no influence on the type or severity of the injury; 4) younger children are more likely to sustain long-bone fractures than are older children; and 5) adult supervision does not influence the injury pattern. These data identify the need for additional investigation of means of making MB/JGs safer for child use.
Neuronal-Glial Interactions during Neural Growth in Culture

Although there exists a vast body of information concerning brain maturation, we know relatively very little about neuronal-glial interrelationships during neural growth and differentiation. In view of the fact that glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) outnumber neurons by a factor of ten, their role in CNS function continues to be the subject of much investigation. Glial cells have been proposed to be involved in myelination (3) to act as spatial ionic buffers (10), to be electrically coupled to neurons (23), and to proliferate with increased neuronal activity (4, 11). More recently we (22), and others (6), have proposed that glial cells may also modulate neuronal activity by regulating the amount of neurotransmitter substances in the microenvironment. In this paper we will review and discuss responses of glial cells to hormones and glial cell-hormone-neurotransmitter interrelationship.
Antecedents of Cross-Cultural Adaptation Stress in Short-Term International Assignments

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of cultural intelligence, perceived language fluency, and number of previous international experiences during a short-term international community service project in a foreign country. Based on a sample of 171 undergraduate and graduate students, the findings suggest that motivational cultural intelligence significantly impacted lowering cross-cultural adaptation stress levels experiences during short-term trips, while perceived language ability significantly increased stress levels. In addition, the control variables of age and gender were also found to significantly impact stress levels. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Peer Reviewed Article To Tech or Not to Tech: Revising an Undergraduate Voice & Speech Course

(2007). Peer Reviewed Article To Tech or Not to Tech: Revising an Undergraduate Voice & Speech Course. Voice and Speech Review: Vol. 5, Voice and Gender, pp. 94-103.
Regulatory requirements for providing adequate veterinary care to research animals

Provision of adequate veterinary care is a required component of animal care and use programs in the United States. Program participants other than veterinarians, including non-medically trained research personnel and technicians, also provide veterinary care to animals, and administrators are responsible for assuring compliance with federal mandates regarding adequate veterinary care. All program participants therefore should understand the regulatory requirements for providing such care. The author provides a training primer on the US regulatory requirements for the provision of veterinary care to research animals. Understanding the legal basis and conditions of a program of veterinary care will help program participants to meet the requirements advanced in the laws and policies.
The Role of Diatonicism in the Abstraction and Representation of Contour and Interval Information

Previous research on melody recognition indicates that listeners can recognize contour information when melodies are retained for brief intervals and can recognize interval information of melodies held in longterm memory. However, past research has failed to control for the diatonicism and familiarity of the melodies. In three experiments, the relative contributions of contour and interval information during the abstraction of novel diatonic and nondiatonic sequences are examined. Listeners recognize the melodic contours of melodies held over an extended retention interval. Additionally, listeners use the diatonic context to recognize both the contour and interval information. In nondiatonic contexts, listeners rely predominantly on the contour information. In addition, musically experienced listeners can recognize both the contour and interval information, whereas musically inexperienced listeners rely predominantly on the contour information. Recognition of melodic contour remained relatively accurate during a 24-hr retention interval. Thus, the results indicate that the diatonic scale mediates the abstraction of interval information. Listeners seem to acquire a musical schema for diatonic melodies.
The Itemized NIHSS Scores Are Associated With Discharge Disposition in Patients With Minor Stroke.

Background and purpose:The ability of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score to predict functional outcome in minor stroke is controversial. In this study, we examined the association of itemized NIHSS score with discharge outcome.Methods:We included all patients with final diagnosis of stroke with an NIHSS score of 0 to 5 untreated with thrombolysis enrolled in the “Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment” trial. Individual components of the NIHSS score were the primary predictors. Poor outcome was defined as not being discharged home. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of outcome.Results:A total of 861 patients met the inclusion criteria; 162 (19%) were not discharged home. In multivariable regression, predictors of discharge other than home were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02 per year increase, P < .001) and total NIHSS score (OR per unit increase in the NIHSS = 1.51, P < .001). Motor (OR = 2.32, P < .001), level of consciousness (LOC; OR = 6.62, P = .004), a...
Cytoskeleton orientation in epidermis cells of roots generated de novo in leaf explants under clinorotation

The anatomy, cytoskeleton orientation, and thickness of the cell wall of the root growth zones generated de novo in vitro under clinorotation (simulated microgravity) were studied. The anatomical structure of the roots generated de novo from the cambium cells of the leaf explant petiole is similar to the structure of embryonic roots. The root cell differentiation in vitro during the clinorotation does not differ from the control in main features. Changes in the tubulin cytoskeleton orientation under clinorotation were detected in the epidermis of distal elongation zone (that is apparently associated with specific physiological properties of the cells in this zone). A tendency towards the thinning of the root cell walls in vitro under conditions of simulated microgravity was established.
Determination of ethyl carbamate in wine by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Objective To establish a method for the determination of ethyl carbamate in wine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods The sample was purified by diatomite solid phase extraction,and eluted by 10 ml 5% ethyl acetate ether,and dehydrated by anhydrous sodium sulfate. Then the sample was slowly blowed to nearly dry with nitrogen at 30 ℃,and dissolved at 1. 0 ml by methanol(HPLC purity). The fragment ions 44,62,89 were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Ethyl carbamate showed good linearity in the range of 20 ng/ml ～160 ng/ml with the relative coefficients of 0. 9990. The limit of detection was 2. 0 μg/kg. The average recoveries were between80. 8% ～ 91. 3% and the relative standard derivation was 3. 71%. Conclusion This established method can be applied to determine the ethyl carbamate in wine.
Design of Double Phase Code and Computer Interface Circuit

A new kind of computer interface for CSU cable telemeter system's ground module parts of computerized logging system is described By using a computer and 89C51 singlechip computers a double RAM computer interface circuit is designed so that bottleneck problems in realtime data acquisition processing are solved and a design way for important subroutines is clearly describedThis computer interface circuit can carry out the functions of parallel work and shared data between mainframe and 89C51 singlechip and meet the needs for realtime logging in an oilfield
Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ObjectivesThe use of endoscopic approaches for sinonasal malignancy resection has increased, but survival data are limited secondary to disease rarity and new surgical technique. Here we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic endonasal resection of sinonasal malignancy.Data SourcesMEDLINE, PubMed Central, NCBI Bookshelf, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, National Guideline Clearinghouse.Review MethodsPRISMA/MOOSE guidelines were followed. MeSH terms were “endoscopic” AND (“esthesioneuroblastoma” OR “sinonasal adenocarcinoma” OR “squamous cell carcinoma” OR “sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma”). For studies in which individual-level data were available, results were obtained by direct pooling. For studies in which only summary Kaplan-Meier curves were available, numerical data were extracted, traced, and aggregated by fitting a Weibull model.ResultsOf 320 studies identified, 35 case series were included (n = 952 patients), with 15 studies analyzed via aggregate modeling and 20 st...
An Exploration of Market Orientation at the Wholesale Level

There has been surprisingly little research reported in the channels literature that has investigated either the antecedents or the consequences of market orientation in distribution or wholesale organizations. Marketers have paid relatively greater attention to consumer issues in marketing than to organizational issues in marketing (Deshpande and Webster 1989). It follows that if the marketing concept is to be correctly and efficiently deployed at all levels of the channel, we must learn about the factors that contribute to, or deter a wholesale organization from, the●successful implementation of the concept.
Using Literature to Learn About and From the Elderly

A new elective course which utilizes a variety of literary works on aging to generate group discussions between medical students and the elderly was developed at the Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University. Its purposes were to discover in literature various themes and images that can enrich one’s knowledge about the aging process, to employ literary texts as a shared source of ideas and pleasure for the medical students and the older persons with whom they interact, and finally, to stimulate interest among the students in the care of the elderly. In its first year, the course produced a number of unanticipated results. Involvement and preparation by the all participants in the class exceeded expectations, but the infirmities and sensitivities of several older members demanded continual adjustment and forbearance by the younger ones. Classes evolved as dynamic lessons on how to deal with some realities of old age.
A critical evaluation of resting intracellular free calcium regulation in dystrophic mdx muscle

There are conflicting reports regarding whether resting free calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) are elevated in dystrophic mouse (mdx) myotubes and adult myofibers. We reinvestigated this question and found several lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that increased calcium influx via leak channels leads to increases in resting [Ca2+]i. 1) Step calibration of fura 2/free acid in myofibers with use of microinjected Ca(2+)-ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid buffers revealed greater [Ca2+]i in dystrophic cells. Careful calibration of fura PE3-AM, a compartmentalization-resistant derivative of fura 2, also showed elevated [Ca2+]i in mdx myotubes. 2) Chronic, but not acute, application of tetrodotoxin reduced resting [Ca2+]i in dystrophic myotubes, suggesting that elevated resting [Ca2+]i is a consequence of previous long-term contractile activity. 3) Rates of manganese quenching of fura 2 fluorescence, an indirect indicator of calcium influx, were significantly higher in mdx myotubes and were increased by nifedipine, a calcium leak channel agonist. 4) Calcium leak channel activity, measured using patch clamping, was greater in the sarcolemma of adult non-enzyme-treated mdx myofibers.