cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Flow Cytometric Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Acid Phosphatase Analysis of Benign and Malignant Lesions of the Prostate

Flow cytometry can differentiate benign from malignant lesions of the prostate through deoxyribonucleic acid distribution analysis. A method has been developed that permits simultaneous cytometric determination of deoxyribonucleic acid and acid phosphatase activity in the cell cycle compartments of prostatic biopsy specimens. Histograms of prostatic carcinoma reveal higher acid phosphatase activity and greater deoxyribonucleic acid content in the S and S + G2/M populations than the histograms representing benign lesions. This compartmental difference may have prognostic usefulness.
Gender Bending in the Classroom: Teaching Gender Inequity Without Reifying Gender Essentialism and Heteronormativity

This chapter seeks to explore the challenges placed on instructors by popular social discourses. It highlights three central challenges to teaching students to think critically about sex and gender: a lack of critical data, the constraints of popular language, and the blinding nature of cultural hegemony. It then suggests possible ways to work through these roadblocks as instructors seek to empower their students to be critical gender scholars.
Abstract 1766: An evaluation of the post-stroke cancer risk among post-menopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative

Links between cancer history and incident stroke have been established, such that 15% of cancer patients experience a stroke at some point during their clinical course. However, we do not know whether stroke history is associated with cancer risk, especially for those cancers with overlapping risk factors with stroke. To address this, we used data from the observational and clinical trial of the Women9s Health Initiative (n = 145,075), to test whether stroke history was associated with cancer risk and tumor type, and whether variation in cancer risk and tumor type exist by race/ethnicity. Time to incident cancer (in months) was estimated with bivariate and multivariate adjusted cox proportional hazards models, accounting for competing risks, comparing women with incident or prevalent stroke to women without stroke at baseline or at any point during follow-up, and models were stratified by race/ethnicity. Women with a stroke history, compared to those without, had significant differences in the following baseline characteristics: age, body mass index, smoking status, hormone replacement therapy usage, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, and differences were consistent among race/ethnic groups. In unadjusted and adjusted competing risk models of the overall sample, lower cancer risk was observed for women who had a prior stroke, compared to those with no stroke history (adjusted HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.88). In race-stratified models, Non-Hispanic White (NHW) women experienced significantly lower risk of cancer following stroke, compared to those with no stroke history (adjusted HR: 0.81; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.74-0.89), and the magnitude of the association was similar, although not significant, for African American (AA) and ‘Other’ racial/ethnic groups. The associations with stroke were stronger for African American women with invasive breast (p = 0.02), lung (p = 0.04), and ‘other’ (p = 0.001) cancers, compared to NHW women. The results of the current study suggest that overall, women have lower cancer risk post-stroke, but that AA women, compared to their NHW counterparts, have higher risk of certain types of cancers after stroke. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms underlying the lower cancer risk among all stroke survivors, as well as examine why AA women develop certain tumors more often than NHW women. Citation Format: Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Michele L. Cote, Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer, Rowan Chlebowski, Kathryn Rexrode, Michael Simon. An evaluation of the post-stroke cancer risk among post-menopausal women: The Women9s Health Initiative. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1766.
Ultrafiltration Rate and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Background Observational data have demonstrated an association between higher ultrafiltration rates and greater mortality among hemodialysis patients. Prior studies were small and did not consider potential differences in the association across body sizes and other related subgroups. No study has investigated ultrafiltration rates normalized to anthropometric measures beyond body weight. Also, potential methodological shortcomings in prior studies have led to questions about the veracity of the ultrafiltration rate−mortality association. Study Design Retrospective cohort. Setting & Participants 118,394 hemodialysis patients dialyzing in a large dialysis organization, 2008 to 2012. Predictors Mean 30-day ultrafiltration rates were dichotomized at 13 and 10mL/h/kg, separately and categorized using various cutoff points. Ultrafiltration rates normalized to body weight, body mass index, and body surface area were investigated. Outcomes All-cause mortality. Measurements Multivariable survival models were used to estimate the association between ultrafiltration rate and all-cause mortality. Results At baseline, 21,735 (18.4%) individuals had ultrafiltration rates > 13mL/h/kg and 48,529 (41.0%) had ultrafiltration rates > 10mL/h/kg. Median follow-up was 2.3 years, and the mortality rate was 15.3 deaths/100 patient-years. Compared with ultrafiltration rates ≤ 13mL/h/kg, ultrafiltration rates > 13mL/h/kg were associated with greater mortality (adjusted HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28-1.34). Compared with ultrafiltration rates ≤ 10mL/h/kg, ultrafiltration rates > 10mL/h/kg were associated with greater mortality (adjusted HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.20-1.24). Findings were consistent across subgroups of sex, race, dialysis vintage, session duration, and body size. Higher ultrafiltration rates were associated with greater mortality when normalized to body weight, body mass index, and body surface area. Limitations Residual confounding cannot be excluded given the observational study design. Conclusions Regardless of the threshold implemented, higher ultrafiltration rate was associated with greater mortality in the overall study population and across key subgroups. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate whether ultrafiltration rate reduction improves clinical outcomes.
Price-Controlled Energy Management of Smart Homes for Maximizing Profit of a GENCO

In this paper, price-controlled energy management is investigated in a bi-level optimization framework, that is, energy scheduling problem of smart homes (SHs) and generation scheduling and unit commitment (UC) problems of a generation company (GENCO). SHs as the responsive customers (respect to the energy management) include a variety of sources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels, diesel generator, and battery as an energy storage. In addition, SHs are able to transact electricity with the GENCO through the power system. In this paper, the goal of GENCO is to design an optimal energy management scheme (optimal price of electricity) to maximize its daily profit. Herein, each SH reacts to the energy management scheme and reschedules its energy resources to minimize its daily operation cost. In this paper, a scenario-based stochastic optimization approach is applied in the energy scheduling problem of an SH to address the variability and uncertainty issues of the PV panels. Also, a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and linear programming is applied as the optimization tool for the energy scheduling problem of an SH. Moreover, lambda-iteration economic dispatch and GA techniques are applied to solve the generation scheduling and UC problems of the GENCO, respectively. The numerical study demonstrates that in order to reach the maximum profit of GENCO, the energy management must be optimally designed and implemented; otherwise, the energy management scheme may result in detriment. Moreover, it is shown that each SH is able to get benefit from the energy management scheme and minimize its daily operation cost.
Family-based association analysis of NAV2 gene with the risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract The neuron navigator 2 (NAV2) gene is highly expressed in brain and involved in the nervous system development and may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the associations of 317 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAV2 gene with the risk and age at onset (AAO) of AD using a family-based sample (1266 AD cases and 1279 healthy relatives). Association with the risk of AD was assessed using family-based association test -generalized estimating equations (FBAT- GEE) statistics while the association with AAO as a quantitative trait was evaluated using the FBAT-Wilcoxon statistic. Single marker analysis showed that 20 SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of AD (top SNP rs7112354 with p = 8.46 × 10 − 4 ) and 11 SNPs were associated with AAO (top SNP rs1354269 with p = 2.87 × 10 − 3 ). Interestingly, two SNPs rs17614100 and rs12364788 were associated with both the risk ( p = 1.7 × 10 − 2 and 2.71 × 10 − 2 ; respectively) and AAO ( p = 1.85 × 10 − 3 and 6.06 × 10 − 3 ; respectively). Haplotype analyses further supported the results of single marker analyses. In addition, functional analysis showed that NAV2 mRNA had significant expression across ten human brain regions examined and significantly correlated with APOE expression in four of ten regions. The present study is the first study providing evidence of several genetic variants within the NAV2 gene influencing the risk and AAO of AD.
Increasing physics realism when evolving micro behaviors for 3D RTS games

We attack the problem of evolving high performance micro behaviors in 3D RTS-game-like simulations. Prior work had shown the potential for the Meta-Search approach to evolve high performance micro for RTS games like StarCraft. We extend this work by moving to 3D and by moving to more realistic physics for simulating the movement of entities in our RTS-game-like simulation. We compare the evolved micro performance of our entities with different physics models of motion on the same scenarios against identical opponent units in a 3D RTS simulation. Results show that our genetic algorithm approach works to reliably evolve high quality 3D micro behaviors for entities independent of the physics model used. Furthermore, experiments show that the entity's acceleration has more of an effect on performance than rotation speed. Our work provides evidence for the generalizability of an evolutionary approach to generating complex behavior for 3D RTS games, training simulations, and real-world unmanned vehicles.
Expressive, social and gendered meanings of Korean honorifics

Traditional research on Korean honorifics has tended to assume that these forms have fixed meanings such as deference and respect. In this paper, I argue that such meanings only represent the most prototypical and normative expressive meanings of honorific forms. By surveying recent pragmatics and sociolinguistic research, I show how honorifics can communicate a variety of context-specific affective meanings. Some of these meanings, such as sarcasm and factuality, are very distant from the presumption that honorifics are markers of deference. In addition to affective meanings, I also argue that honorifics have social meanings. In other words, when speakers use honorifics, these forms communicate something about the speaker’s own identity. Someone who uses honorifics well may be perceived as educated, well-bred and even as a “good” Korean. Finally, I discuss how honorifics are tied up with gendered meanings in Korean speech and how phonetics may be playing a role.
Estimating Peer-Influence Effects Under Homophily: Randomized Treatments and Insights

When doing causal inference on networks, there is interference among the units. In a social network setting, such interference among individuals is known as peer-influence. Estimating the causal effect of peer-influence under the presence of homophily presents various challenges. In this paper, we present results quantifying the error incurred from ignoring homophily when estimating peer-influence on networks. We then present randomized treatment strategies on networks which can help disentangle homophily from the estimation of peer-influence.
Splenectomy in sickle cell anemia: report of a case and review of the literature.

1. A case of sickle cell anemia who had numerous hemolytic crises and also hypersplenic effects such as pancytopenia was treated by splenectomy with marked improvement in general condition and in the blood. The literature relating to this subject is reviewed. Those cases with the largest spleens appear to have shown the most striking degrees of improvement. 2. In cases of sickle cell anemia showing various indications of hypersplenism, and excessive hemolysis, splenectomy may be a rational therapeutic procedure.
Laser Photoradiation Therapy of Recurrent Human Breast Cancer and Cancer of the Head and Neck

We have been involved in a clinical trial of photoradiation therapy (PRT) for recurrent cancer. This report describes our initial experience with this technique. The aim of this pilot study was to determine practicality of PRT. Once this aim had been accomplished, our next goal was to refine treatment parameters to maximize the theoretical selective cytotoxicity of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and light (625–640 nm).
Random Processes and Linear Systems

The language of signal coding is primarily that of random processes and linear systems. Although signal coding systems are inherently nonlinear, the tools and techniques of linear systems play an important part in their analysis. In a mathematical model of a communication system in general and a signal coding system in particular, it is usually assumed that the data to be communicated (or stored, compressed, processed,...) is produced by a random process. Where this is not the case, there would be no need to communicate the signal—it would already be known to the potential user. In addition to the original signal, the system itself may have random components such as the addition of random noise or the introduction of digital errors in a random fashion.
Rescripting the Negro Problem: The Cold War-Civil Rights Play

This chapter surveys a diminished but defiant black theatre community in 1950s New York City that launched a concerted attack on anti-Communist repression, from Harlem to Greenwich Village. Burrell takes up a set of Cold War-civil rights plays—William Branch’s A Medal for Willie (1951), Ossie Davis’s Alice in Wonder (1952), and Alice Childress’s Trouble in Mind (1955)—which both engaged in black feminist theorizing and satirized white, liberal playwrights’ attempts at depicting black resistance. Using innovative metatheatrical staging techniques, Branch, Davis, and Childress explored the imbrication of the increasing postwar push for civil rights with the United States’ Cold War policies.
Industry 4.0 (i4.0): The Hype, the Reality, and the Challenges Ahead

In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crises, a debate around how to recover from the crises and to ensure future growth, and also the role of technology in the future of this growth is pursued. In a report titled “Industrie 4.0” (Industry 4.0), the German government through its “Ministry of Education and Research” and the “Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy” proposed a national strategic initiative focused on building a digital society and pushing digital manufacturing in an ever-expanding interconnection of products, value chains and business models. Before attempting to provide a framework of what i4.0 in its current stage of development is, what are the key areas of technology that define i4.0 and how we can move beyond the jargons and the hype, it will be useful to provide a historical context to i.4.0 and its predecessors and how they impacted our development over the past 250 years.
15N Abundance in N-Fixing and Non-N-Fixing Plants

Isotope ratio measurements on 139 soils from 20 states across the U.S. indicate that most soils are slightly, but significantly more enriched in 15N than is atmospheric N. Such measurements are made on a simple low mass (up to 70 MW), dual collector, ratio-type mass spectrometer. In addition the 15N contents of N-fixing plants (both legumes and non-legumes) from several sites were, in general, lower than that of adjacent non-N fixing plants. A notable exception was the high 15N content of nodules of legumes sampled late in the growing season. This exception is briefly discussed and an explanatory hypothesis offered.
Medical Ethics, History of

This article reviews the development of medical ethics from the ancient Greek Hippocratic Oath, through the Renaissance, to the birth of modern medical ethics in Enlightenment Edinburgh, to the Bioethics Revolution. Emphasis is given to the writings of Scribonious Largus, a Greek physician practicing in first-century Rome; Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Roman philosopher; Rodrigo a Castro Lusitanus, a refugee Jewish physician practicing in Renaissance Hamburg; and Thomas Percival, a late eighteenth-century physician practicing in Manchester, England, who coined the expression medical ethics. Subtopics include the history of ethical views on abortion, euthanasia, and ethical research on humans and animals.
3 soliton solution to Sine-Gordon equation on a space scale

Hirota’s direct method is extended on a variable time-space scale. Using this extension, we construct 3-soliton solutions of the Sine-Gordon equation on a variable space scale. The determinant form of this solution is given as well.Hirota’s direct method is extended on a variable time-space scale. Using this extension, we construct 3-soliton solutions of the Sine-Gordon equation on a variable space scale. The determinant form of this solution is given as well.
Ongoing forest disturbance in Guatemala's protected areas

Protected areas in Guatemala provide habitat for diverse tropical ecosystems, contain ancient archeological sites, sequester carbon, and support economic activity through eco-tourism. However, many of the forests in these protected areas have been converted to other uses or degraded by human activity, and therefore are considered "paper parks". In this study, we analyzed time series of satellite data to monitor deforestation, degradation, and natural disturbance throughout Guatemala from 2000 to 2017. A recently developed methodology, Continuous Degradation Detection (CODED), was used to detect forest disturbances of varying size and magnitude. Through sample-based statistical inference, we estimated that 854 137 ha (± 83 133 ha) were deforested and 1 012 947 ha (±139 512 ha) of forest was disturbed but not converted during our study period. Forest disturbance in protected areas ranged from under 1% of a park's area to over 95%. Our estimate of the extent of deforestation is similar to previous studies, however, degradation and natural disturbance affect a larger area. These results suggest that the total amount of forest disturbance can be significantly underestimated if degradation and natural disturbance are not taken into account. As a consequence, we found that the protected areas of Guatemala are more affected by disturbance than previously realized.
Annals Clinical Decision Making: Using a Diagnostic Test.

Diagnostic testing is an essential tool in clinical decision making. This article in the Annals Clinical Decision Making series reviews core principles underlying the approach to choosing and inter...
Labor Viscerality? Work Stoppages in the 'New Work,' Non-Union Economy

The COVID-19 work stoppages involving employees refusing to work because they are fearful of contracting coronavirus provides a dramatic opportunity for newer workplace law observers to grasp a well-established legal rule: both unionized and non-union employees possess rights to engage in work stoppages under the National Labor Relations Act. This article explains that employees engaging in concerted work stoppages, in good faith reaction to health and safety dangers, are prima facie protected from discharge. The article carefully distinguishes between Section 7 and Section 502 work stoppages. Crucially, and contrary to Section 502 work stoppages, the health and safety-related work stoppages of non-union employees, protected by Section 7, are not subject to an “objective reasonableness” test. Having analyzed the general legal protection of non-union work stoppages, and noting that work stoppages have been on the increase during the last two years, the article considers when legal protection may be withdrawn from such concerted activities because employees repeatedly and unpredictably engage in them—so called “unprotected intermittent strikes.” Discussing a recent NLRB decision, the article argues for an explicit and strengthened presumption of work stoppage protection for employees who are wholly unaffiliated with a union, even when those employees engage in repeated work stoppages in response to discrete workplace disputes or dangers. Next, the article grapples with looming work stoppage issues emerging from expansion of the Gig economy. When workers are not “employees,” peaceful work stoppages may become increasingly subject to federal court injunction. The Norris-LaGuardia Act (the venerable 1932 federal anti-injunction law) does not by its terms apply to non-employees, possibly including putative non-employee Gig workers, raising the specter of a new era of “Government by Injunction.” Under existing antitrust law, non-employee workers may be viewed as “independent businesspeople” colluding through work stoppages to “fix prices.” The article argues that First Amendment avoidance principles should guide Sherman Act interpretation when non-employee worker activity does not resemble price fixing; and that, consistent with liability principles articulated in the Supreme Court’s recent opinion in Sessions v. Dimaya, antitrust law’s severe penalties should not be applied to Gig workers given the ambiguities in federal and state law employee definitions. Finally, the article considers the potential for non-union private arbitration agreements exercising restraints on the NLRA rights of employees to engage in work stoppages in light of the Supreme Court’s labor law-diminishing opinion in Epic Systems.
Uprooted: race, public housing, and the archaeology of four lost New Orleans neighborhoods

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, public housing redevelopment and Section 106 projects provided D. Ryan Gray, an Associate Professor of Anthropology at University of New Orleans, an opportuni...
Characterization in Terms of Phenological Properties of Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes / Local Populations in Isparta Conditions

The aim of study was to determine the phenological characteristics of seed materials collected from mungbean cultivation provinces in our country. This experiment was conducted at the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences (ISUBU). In study, 91 materials were collected in 2015 and seed reproduction and pre-observations were made this year. According to preliminary observation results, 50 mung bean genotypes selected together with 4 registered varieties were taken into field trials in 2017 and 2018. The experiments were conducted at an Augmented Design with five replications. As phenological properties of experiment were germination time, flowering time, podding time and vegetation time. As a result of the study, it was found that there are genotypes with earlier characteristics than registered varieties. 27 S 08 genotype was the earliest among genotypes. This genotype is thought to be promising in the future.
New Urbanism as Urban Political Development: Racial Geographies of ‘Intercurrence’ across Greater Seattle

While New Urbanism is now subject to a range of theorizations from different perspectives and disciplinary approaches, it is rarely framed as part of a society’s overall political development. This article explores New Urbanism through recently ‘cosmopolitanized’ and ‘urbanized’ theories of American Political Development (APD). For many years, APD scholars like Skowronek and Orren have emphasized the conceptual importance of ‘intercurrence,’ which refers to the simultaneous operation of multiple political orders in specific places and thus to the tensions and abrasions between these orders as explanations for change. Urban scholars have engaged with these ideas for some time, particularly in studies of urban politics and policy regimes, but APD’s influence on urban planning theory and practice remains underdeveloped. This article takes up this lacuna, applying select APD ideas, notably intercurrence, to understand how multi-scalar governments develop space though New Urbanist theories of place-making, with special attention paid to race. Examples from metropolitan Seattle are used to illustrate (if not fully elaborate) the article’s overall arguments and themes.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a surgical disease. It is responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, resource utilization, and increased hospital costs in our surgical patients. In this chapter, we will focus on risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this scourge in our surgical and trauma intensive care units.
Packaging of (650 V, 150 A) GaN HEMT with Low Parasitics and High Thermal Performance

Gallium nitride (GaN) power HEMTs are challenging to package due to their high heat-flux density and requirement for low package parasitic inductances necessary to support high-switching frequencies. In this work, we developed a packaging approach based on embedding the GaN bare dice between a printed-circuit board (PCB) interposer structure for terminal interconnection and a direct-bond-copper (DBC) substrate for heat extraction. The approach was demonstrated by fabricating single-chip packages and two-chip half-bridge modules of a (650 V, 150 A) GaN HEMT. Pressure-less silver sintering was used to interconnect all of the device terminals. Simulations of the packages yielded a power-loop parasitic inductance less than 0.5 nH and a junction-to-case thermal resistance less than 0.2 °C/W. The fabricated packages were tested for static and switching performance.
Active site characterization and activity of the human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase

Human aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase (HAAH) is a member of the superfamily of nonheme Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate (αKG) dependent oxygenase enzymes with a noncanonical active site. HAAH hydroxylates epidermal growth factor (EGF) like domains to form the β-hydroxylated product from substrate asparagine or aspartic acid and has been suggested to have a negative impact in a variety of cancers. In addition to iron, HAAH also binds divalent calcium, although the role of the latter is not understood. Herein, the metal binding chemistry and influence on enzyme stability and activity have been evaluated by a combined biochemical and biophysical approach. Metal binding parameters for the HAAH active site were determined by use of isothermal titration calorimetry, demonstrating a high-affinity regulatory binding site for Ca2+ in the catalytic domain in addition to the catalytic Fe2+ cofactor. We have analyzed various active site derivatives, utilizing LC-MS and a new HPLC technique to determine the role of metal binding and the second coordination sphere in enzyme activity, discovering a previously unreported residue as vital for HAAH turnover. This analysis of the in vitro biochemical function of HAAH furthers the understanding of its importance to cellular biochemistry and metabolic pathways.
The use of an expert system to simulate group decision making in a stochastic environment

This thesis presents an expert system model developed to simulate group decision makers engaged in a strategy and policy making task whereby, on a quarterly basis, they evaluate strategic scenarios and then execute a set of interrelated decisions. Can the expert system model make meaningful decisions? Can the expert system "learn" from previously executed decisions? Can the expert system compete? Answers to these questions are formulated through the specification of an operationally deed expert system model based on the decision making processes of a panel of experts. A "management game" computer program implemented in an undergraduate university is used as the setting for the strategic task. The game environment offers the opportunity to test the expert system model in a stochastic decision making environment and at the same time to have some control over the limits of the experimental domain. In addition, the management game incorporates a number of hypothetical relationships that represent a conceptualized view of how a company and its environment might behave. The development process of the expert system simulation of group decision makers was pursued by: (1) Using a group of management faculty members who are both game administrators and real world business consultants as the panel of experts. They were given a set of thirty possible variables and relationships that are indigenous to the game. They then rated the importance of the variables, listed the interdependences and relationships affecting these variables, and estimated the likelihood that the relationships would influence different decisions and chose a fixed strategy. (2) Incorporating the responses from the expert panel into the knowledge base of the expert system model along with decisions and results for a hypothetical company during four years of operation; a standard synthetic history included in the management game by its authors. (3) Validating and then testing the decision making performance of the expert system in a "live" environment as it competes with five other student teams of decision makers while playing the management game extending over a simulated three year period. This research, as a first step, will attempt to give some insight into the process of group decision making and to present an operational basis for further research.
Artificial Magnetic Conductor

The artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is a textured ground plane that presents a high impedance to incident waves and nearby horizontal antennas over a prescribed frequency range. In addition, it suppresses the propagation of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) surface waves, thus concentrating the radiation from a horizontal antenna into the upper half-space. The resulting reduced backlobe and reduced mutual coupling to any other antennas on the same surface, combined with the high input impedance, make the AMC an ideal gain-enhancing ground plane for ultrathin antennas. It is shown that these desirable features of are derived from the AMC's effective anisotropic magnetodielectric constitutive properties. Analysis and design approaches are given that enable the control of these properties according to the desired frequency and bandwidth of operation and the amount of surface-wave suppression needed. Examples of the latest applications of AMC are given, as well as a brief history of its inception. Keywords: high-impedance surface; metamaterials; EBG; PBG; artificial soft and hard surfaces; artificial materials; magnetodielectrics; textured surfaces; surface wave suppression; surface-waves on anisotropic surfaces
DNA synthesis in organ cultures of the hamster cheek pouch: Inhibition by a homologous extract

Abstract An epidermal extract prevents G1 cells from entering S phase. The factor is heat-labile and non-dialyzable. The factor was not observed in connective tissue extracts. A stimulating factor that is heat-stable is also present in the epidermal extract.
Constituents of tabebuia guayacan—II

Abstract A unique oxalactone dibenzxanthone, guayin, has been isolated from the heartwood of T. guayacan and structurally identified. A biomimetic synthesis of the dihydro derivative of guayin, based upon the probable biosynthetic origin of guayin from the dibenzxanthene guayacanin, has been successfully achieved.
A comparison of Wisconsin's suicide rates by urbanization and sex

BACKGROUND: This report compares suicide rates in Wisconsin and the United States by sex and degree of urbanization. METHODS: Suicide mortality rates for Wisconsin and the United States from 1999 to 2005 were compared by sex and degree of urbanization using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were also analyzed using Beale Codes to determine the appropriateness of the definition of "rural". RESULTS: While both Wisconsin and US males residing in rural areas are at increased suicide risk compared to their urban counterparts, Wisconsin males are at a much lower risk than the national average (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.14 [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.06-1.23] and OR = 1.33 [95% CI, 1.32-1.35], respectively). U.S. women in rural areas are also at increased risk of suicide compared to females in urban areas (OR = 1.09 [95% CI, 1.07-1.12]). In contrast, Wisconsin females in rural areas-verified by both classification system's definitions of "rural"--are not at increased risk of committing suicide compared to their urban counterparts (OR = 1.03 [95% CI, 0.89-1.20]). CONCLUSION: In Wisconsin's rural areas, suicide rates for males are lower than the national average, especially in Wisconsin's most rural counties. However, the suicide rate for Wisconsin's rural females was very similar to the national average. Additionally, suicide rates for males and females from Wisconsin's only large metro area (Milwaukee County) are significantly than the corresponding national urban rates. Language: en
Passive Estimation of the Ocean Seismoacoustic Environment by Extracting the Green's Function From Ambient Noise

Abstract : Research done with the objective to develop the appropriate theoretical structure and subsequent processing tools and then to experimentally demonstrate utility of extracting the deterministic seismoacoustic properties of the oceanic environment from coherent processing of diffuse ocean ambient noise or scattered fields.
Tracking and Monitoring Unmanned Aircraft Systems Activities with Crowd-Based Mobile Apps

Tracking and Monitoring Unmanned Aircraft Systems Activities with Crowd-Based Mobile Apps By Tejaswini Papireddy Dr. Ju-Yeon Jo, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas An Unmanned Aircraft System(UAS) is an aircraft without human pilot onboard. They can be controlled remotely from a ground control station (GCS) or can fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans. Tracking and monitoring these UASs activities in the National Airspace System (NAS) is one of the major challenges related to UAS. This system tracks a set of UASs at a given point of time based on the user-submitted tracking information. This thesis presents the basic knowledge of UAS, types of UAS, advantages, and challenges with UASs. The implemented Android application allows the users to submit the observed UAS information to a tracking database server by taking a picture of the UAS. The monitoring system is implemented in Android for retrieving and displaying the UAS activity data from the database server. This system is expected to promote safer airspace by providing the UAS activity information to manned aircraft pilots and other UAS operators to avoid collision. iii
Digital citizenship within global contexts

EduSummIT 2013 featured a working group that examined digital citizenship within a global context. Group members recognized that, given today's international, regional, political, and social dynamics, the notion of "global" might be more aspirational than practical. The development of informed policies and practices serving and involving as many sectors of society as possible is desirable since a growing world's population, including students in classrooms, will have continued access to the Internet, mobile devices and social media. Action steps to guide technology integration into educational settings must address the following factors: national and local policies, bandwidth and technology infrastructure, educational contexts, cyber-safety and cyberwellness practices and privacy accountability. Finally, in the process of developing and implementing positive and productive solutions, as many key members and stakeholders as possible who share in--and benefit from--students' digital lives should be involved, from families and educators to law enforcement authorities, from telecommunication organizations to local, provincial and national leaders.
Do Mirrors Facilitate Acquisition of Motor Imitation in Children Diagnosed with Autism

We evaluated the efficacy of a procedure that incorporated a mirror to teach gross motor imitation with a 2-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with autistic disorder. Responses taught with a mirror were acquired more quickly than responses taught without the mirror and were maintained after the mirror was removed. These data indicate that a mirror can facilitate acquisition of motor imitation.
New radar observations of temporal and spatial dynamics of the midnight temperature maximum at low latitude and midlatitude

Presented here are several cases of midnight temperature maximum (MTM) observations using the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (ISR) and Arecibo ISR. The MTM, a temperature enhancement in the upper atmosphere (at ~300 km altitude), is a poorly understood phenomenon as observations are sparse. An upward propagating terdiurnal tide and coupling between atmospheric regions may play a large part in the generation of the MTM, yet this phenomenon and its implications are not fully understood. Two nights (6 March 1989 and 12 July 1988) show clear cases of the MTM occurring between 30 and 34°N with amplitudes of ~100 K and at ~18°N with amplitudes of ~40 K. The MTMs occurred later at the higher latitude. Experiments in 2013 also show a clear MTM at 34° and 36°N from 250 to 350 km altitude. The ionospheric measurements presented here demonstrate a new application of a well-established technique to study atmospheric parameters and allow us to study the latitudinal extent of the MTM. The results provide evidence of the phenomenon occurring at latitudes and altitudes not previously sampled by radar techniques, showing that the MTM is not just an equatorial process, but one that can easily reach midlatitudes. Simultaneous measurements with a Fabry-Perot interferometer allow us to compare the neutral temperatures with the ion temperature. Overall, these are key observations that point to large-scale effects that can help constrain model outputs at different heights and latitudes.
Evaluation of transient refrigerant migration modeling approach on automotive air conditioning systems

Automotive air conditioning systems are subject to constantly changing operation conditions and steady state simulations are not sufficient to describe the actual performance. The refrigerant mass migration during transient events such as clutch-cycling or start-up bas a direct impact on the transient performance. It is therefore necessary to develop simulation tools which can accurately predict the migration of the reiTigerant mass. To this end a dynamic model of an automotive air conditioning system is presented in this paper using a switched modeling framework. Model validation against experimental results demonstrates that the developed modeling approach is able to describe the transient behaviors of the system, and also predict the reiTigerant mass migration among system components during compressor shut-down and start-up (stop-start) cycling operations. To further investigate the potential of the dynamic modeling tools, two simulation examples of evaluating the system performance are given in the paper: (i) impact of system component variations on the reiTigerant mass migration; and (ii) control implementation for the system start-up performance improvement.
Drying and storage of npk granular fertilisers based on superphosphate and containing urea as a plant nutrient

In an investigation of the properties of NPK fertilisers which contain urea as a plant food, the effects of free moisture, free acidity, urea content and temperature on their stability during storage have been studied. It is concluded that to ensure complete stability of NPK fertilisers (N 10, P2O5, 10, K,2O 18%) containing superphosphate and urea (2-15%). Other conclusions are that (a) losses of nitrogen during storage are negligible, and that (b) insoluble phosphates formed during storage are in ‚available’ forms as determined by the neutral ammonium citrate test. (1)a maximum granule temperature of 70°G is preferable during the drying process, although temperatures up to 90°G could be tolerated if the drying time is limited to about 15 min. (2)for incorporation with urea, ammonium sulphate is somewhat preferable to ammonium nitrate, as it gives a more stable product (3)the fertilisers should be stored at 35° or lower.
Structural and compositional analyses of heterostructures grown by MOCVD

Abstract Structural and compositional analyses of GaAs 1−x P x GaAs heterostructures grown by the MOCVD technique have been made using strong- and weak-beam diffraction techniques, high-resolution electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The defect content as a function of lattice mismatch (composition) has been evaluated. An essentially perfect strained-layer superlattice has been obtained by using a layer thinner than hc (critical thickness for misfit dislocation generation) and by employing a graded layer to provide a lattice match between the superlattice and the substrate.
Community health behavior change through computer network health promotion: preliminary findings from Stanford Health-Net.

Abstract Computer-based health education has been employed in many settings. However, data on resultant behavior change are lacking. A randomized, controlled, prospective study was performed to test the efficacy of Stanford Health-Net (Stanford, CA, U.S.A.) in changing community health behaviors. Graduate and undergraduate students (N = 1003) were randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions. The treatment group received access to Health-Net, a health promotion computer network emphasizing specific self-care and preventive strategies. Over a 4-month intervention period, 26% of the treatment group used Health-Net an average of 6.4 times each (range 1–97). The most commonly cited reasons for use were curiosity, general health education, evaluation of current symptoms and anonymity of information. Users rated Health-Net favorably. The most commonly reported reasons for non-use were related to lack of health problems, limited time and lack of access to computer facilities. The mean number of ambulatory medical visits decreased 22.5% more in the treatment group than in the control group (P
A Formal Framework for Interactive Agents

This paper proposes a formal framework and architecture for specification and analysis of interactive agents. The framework can be used to explore the design space, study features of different points in the design space, and to develop executable specifications of specific agents and study their interactions with the environment. A long term goal is development of reasoning principles specialized to different regions of the design space.
Molecular evolution of the vesicle coat component βCOP in Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract Coatomer coated (COPI) vesicles play a pivotal role for multiple membrane trafficking steps throughout the eukaryotic cell. Our focus is on βCOP, one of the most well known components of the COPI multi-protein complex. Amino acid differences in βCOP may dictate functional divergence across species during the course of evolution, especially with regards to the evolutionary pressures on obligate intracellular parasites. A bioinformatic analysis of βCOP amino acid sequences was conducted for 49 eukaryotic species. Cloning and sequence analysis of the Toxoplasma gondii βCOP homologue revealed several amino acid insertions unique to T. gondii and one C-terminal insertion that is unique to apicomplexan parasites. These findings led us to investigate the possibility that βCOP experienced functional divergence during the course of its evolution. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis revealed a tree consistent with pan eukaryote distribution and long-branch lengths were observed among the apicomplexans. Further analysis revealed that kinetoplast βCOP underwent the most amount of change, leading to perhaps an overall change of function. In comparison, T. gondii exhibited subtle yet specific amino acid changes. The amino acid substitutions did not occur in the same places as other lineages, suggesting that TgβCOP has a role specific to the apicomplexans. Our work identifies 48 residues that are likely to be functionally important when comparing apicomplexan, kinetoplastid, and fungal βCOP.
Modeling the surface complexation of calcium at the rutile-water interface to 250°C

Abstract The adsorption behavior of metal-(hydr)oxide surfaces can be described and rationalized using a variety of surface complexation models. However, these models do not uniquely describe experimental data unless some additional insight into actual binding mechanisms for a given system is available. This paper presents the results of applying the MUlti SIte Complexation or MUSIC model, coupled with a Stern-based three layer description of the electric double layer, to Ca2+ adsorption data on rutile surfaces from 25 to 250°C in 0.03 and 0.30 m NaCl background electrolyte. Model results reveal that the tetradentate adsorption configuration found for Sr2+ adsorbed on the rutile (110) surface in the in situ X-ray standing wave experiments of Fenter et al. (2000) provides a good fit to all Ca2+ adsorption data. Furthermore, it is also shown that equally good fits result from other plausible adsorption complexes, including various monodentate and bidentate adsorption configurations. These results amply demonstrate the utility of in situ spectroscopic data to constrain surface complexation modeling, and the ability of the MUSIC model approach to accommodate this spectroscopic information. Moreover, this is the first use of any surface complexation model to describe multivalent ion adsorption systematically into the hydrothermal regime.