cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Resistance to Growth of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in C57 Black Mice.

By x irradiation it has been possible to alter the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in such a way that their viability is lowered. The C57BL mice are consequently able to control the growth or these altered cells. Simultaneous with the slowed rate of growth of the cells the host produces a resistance to the cancer cell. The resistance, however, does not reach a level adequate to protect the mouse against fully viable cells until at least five injections of the altered cells have been made. Cf 50 mice receiving five to eight injections of the x-irradiated cells 47 survived a challenge of viable cancer; of 47 given a second challenge 39 survived; of 13 given a thind challenge 11 survived; of 8 given a founth chalienge all 8 survived; of 6 given ftfth, stxth and seventh challenges all 6 survived and of 2 given an eighth challenge 2 survived. Evidence for the resistance factor being an antibody is presented in the demonstration of complementfixing materials. This presently ts being evaluated further and quantitated. Oxidative and glycolytic studies of the x-irradiated cells, and of those cells showing, regression in the mouse, have a somewhat altered metabolism. There is at least amore » partial recovery of the viability of the x-irradiated cells as they grow and regress, indicated by their ability to kill mice that have not previously been given the altered cells. (auth)« less
A Mimetic Tissue Model for the Quantification of Drug Distributions by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

The full potential of imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) as a tool in drug development will not be realized until reliable quantitative information can be integrated with the molecular distributions. Here we report a novel method for the quantification of drugs in tissue sections using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS. This method uses a mimetic tissue model consisting of a set of tissue homogenates spiked with a range of different drug concentrations that have been frozen into a polymer support mold. The goal of this model is to mimic a dosed tissue in its effects on analyte extraction and ion suppression. Parallel preparation and analysis of sections from the tissue model and the dosed tissues allow for the quantification of a drug’s distribution.Here we detail the steps involved in constructing the model and provide proof of concept data to highlight the potential of this approach. Several figures of merit are evaluated including linearity of response, variability, and section-to-se...
Deacylation of N4-n-Acylsulfanilamides and N4-n-Acyl-sulfanilylhydroxamides in vitro.

ConclusionsThe ease of deacylation of N4-n-acylsulfanilamides and N4-n-acylsulfanilylhydroxamides in vitro by liver brei is found to increase with the length of the acyl group.
Differences in the binding sites of two site-3 sodium channel toxins.

Site-3 toxins from scorpion and sea anemone bind to Na channels and selectively inhibit current decay. Anthopleurins A and B (ApA and ApB, respectively), toxins found in the venom of the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica, bind to closed states of mammalian skeletal and cardiac Na channels with differing affinities which arise from differences in first-order toxin/channel dissociation rate constants, koff. Using chimera comprising domain interchanges between channel isoforms, we examined the structural basis of this differential affinity. Toxin/channel association rates, kon, were similar for both toxins and both parental channels. Domain 4 determined koff for ApA, while ApB dissociated from all tested chimera in a cardiac-like manner. To probe this surprising difference between two such closely related toxins, we examined the interaction of chimeric channels with a form of ApB in which the two nonconserved basic residues, Arg-12 and Lys-49, were converted to the corresponding neutral amino acids from ApA. In the chimera comprising domain 1 from the cardiac muscle isoform and domains 2–4 from the skeletal muscle isoform, toxin dissociated at a rate intermediate between those of the parental channels. We conclude that the differential component of ApA binding is controlled by domain 4 and that some component of ApB binding is not shared by ApA. This additional component probably binds to an interface between channel domains and is partly mediated by toxin residues Arg-12 and Lys-49.
Reversible deactivation of higher-order posterior parietal areas. II. Alterations in response properties of neurons in areas 1 and 2

The role that posterior parietal (PPC) and motor cortices play in modulating neural responses in somatosensory areas 1 and 2 was examined with reversible deactivation by transient cooling. Multiuni...
Glassy Pd-Y-Si Alloys and Their Relaxation and Crystallization Kinetics *

Pd-Y-Si glasses with a Si content as low as 9 at.% were produced by hammer and anvil quenching, the reduction of the Si concentration from a minimum value of 14 at.% in binary Pd-Si alloys was due to the synergistic effect of the addition of Y. The glass forming composition region is reported. The alloy Pd82Y9Si9 was studied in detail. The change of the microhardness upon isothermal annealing was investigated. Isothermal and non-isothermal heating experiments yielded activation energies of 52 and 53 kcal/mol (218 and 222 kJ/mol) in good agreement with each other and an Avrami exponent n = 3.7 was found.
The effect of sonic rupture velocity on the ratio of S to P corner frequencies

abstract In a recent paper Dahlen (1974) has used a simple model of shallow-focus earthquake faulting to study the ratio of S to P corner frequencies. The model predicts higher S than P corner frequencies, but, as he points out, observational studies have indicated the reverse. It has been shown by Burridge (1973) and Burridge and Levy (1974) that rupture speeds up to the P -wave speed are to be expected on a purely frictional fault lacking cohesion but in Dahlen9s calculations the rupture speed never exceeds the speed of S . In this paper, we consider far-field radiation when the initial phase of rupture is a self-similar circular rupture zone spreading at the speed of P . For this model, we find that on 70 per cent of the focal sphere the P corner frequency is higher than that of S in accordance with the observations.
Relationships between pork loin palatability traits and physical characteristics of cooked chops.

Pork loins (n = 72) were selected so that marbling scores would range from "practically devoid" to "abundant" in the longissimus muscle. Loin chops were cooked and rated by a trained six-member sensory panel. Physical and chemical characteristics were stratified according to marbling level (divided into 10 subclasses), muscle structure, shear force, overall palatability, and juiciness (each divided into three subclasses). The highest ratings for overall palatability were assigned to chops with high reflectance (685 nm), low moisture (70.1%), high i.m. fat (9.1%; or, high marbling score), low protein (19.4%), and low cooking loss (25.9%). Chops with the highest percentage of cooking loss were high in moisture content (75.59%), low in i.m. fat (1.78%), and high in protein content (21.54%). Differences in muscle structure, shear force, overall palatability, and juiciness were associated with differences in percentages of protein, moisture (whole tissue basis [WTB]) and fat (WTB). Pork loins with marbling between "practically devoid-plus" and "small" had (P less than .05) more protein and less fat (WTB) than loins with marbling scores between "modest" and "abundant." Loins with overall palatability ratings between 4.0 and 6.0 had more moisture and protein (P less than .05) than did loins with palatability ratings of 6.1 to 8.0. Selecting pork loins with "small" or less marbling, extremely open structure, a juicy rating of "slightly juicy," and an overall palatability rating of "like slightly" would identify fresh loins that had lower fat and(or) higher protein content.
A Knowledge and Analytics-Based Framework and Model for Forecasting Program Schedule Performance☆

Abstract This paper discusses a mixed methodological approach to address cost and schedule delays in large-scale engineering programs (LSEP). Research has identified potential causes or factors for schedule delays, such as: ineffective human resources policies and practices, consolidation of the aerospace industry, too many stakeholders, and lack of knowledge-based acquisition practices. Current methods and tools are ineffective in helping project managers to accurately predict schedule performance during LSEP development. The authors describe research to investigate the feasibility of: (1) deriving quantitative and qualitative causal factors correlating to schedule performance during LSEP development; (2) developing a framework and a tailorable predictive model using the causal factors in a Bayesian Network (BN) model; and (3) using the resultant framework and BN model, with expert knowledge elicited from subject matter experts, to predict schedule performance and inform decision makers on actions needed to manage schedule performance. Finally, this paper discusses a version of a BN model developed by mapping a conceptualization of the framework created using a systemigram with a BN pattern that includes dependencies from causal and control factors to schedule performance. The BN incorporates a direct causal dependence of schedule performance and mitigation actions to the consequences of schedule performance.
Becoming a Prescription Pill Smoker: Revisiting Becker

The academic literature detailing escalations in pre-existing substance use practices is primarily understood through a biomedical lens, which situates drug escalation as a result of increases in biological markers like drug tolerance and dependence. This article seeks to frame the escalation of prescription drug misuse within a paradigm that situates drug use as a dynamic and interactional learning process shaped by set and setting. The data drawn upon for this article are derived from 41 qualitative interviews of young adults (aged 18–29 years) socially active in nightlife scenes who reported engaging in smoking prescription painkillers, sedatives, or stimulants. Results highlight how theories of drug use as a deviant behavior that is socially learned can be stretched beyond explaining patterns of initiation to also address the escalation of pre-existing drug use behaviors as users’ transition from one route of administration to another.
Author keywords in biomedical journal articles.

As an information retrieval system, PubMed® aims at providing efficient access to documents cited in MEDLINE®. For this purpose, it relies on matching representations of documents, as provided by authors and indexers to user queries. In this paper, we describe the growth of author keywords in biomedical journal articles and present a comparative study of author keywords and MeSH® indexing terms assigned by MEDLINE indexers to PubMed Central Open Access articles. A similarity metric is used to assess automatically the relatedness between pairs of author keywords and indexing terms. A set of 300 pairs is manually reviewed to evaluate the metric and characterize the relationships between author keywords and indexing terms. Results show that author keywords are increasingly available in biomedical articles and that over 60% of author keywords can be linked to a closely related indexing term. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of this work on indexing and terminology development.
Freedom, Nature, and the English School of Commercial Art

Over the course of the eighteenth century, an aggregate of theories on painting and the visual arts appeared in Britain that I refer to here as “the English school of commercial art.” Its main theorists were Jonathan Richardson, William Hogarth, and Joshua Reynolds, and while their ideas do not truly constitute a coherent “school of thought,” taken together they suggest that the theories, practices, and reception of painting in eighteenth-century England contributed to an emerging idea of subjectivity, a notion that creative self-consciousness might be coterminous with fashionable self-presentation. The theories of visuality of Richardson, Hogarth, and Reynolds share certain important properties. All three were profoundly influenced by and responsive to the empiricist philosophies gaining currency in England at this time, most notably that of John Locke. All three anticipated the formulations of aesthetic judgment, subjectivity, and genius put forward by Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s in his critical philosophy, an attempted systematization that has been described both as bringing the narrative of Enlightenment philosophy to a grand resolution and as raising questions about subjectivity that remain unanswered into modernity. Perhaps most significantly, all three writers were actively engaged in the commercial practice of the art that they theorized. Our experience of fashionable objects is primarily visual, and as practicing portrait painters, Richardson, Hogarth, and Reynolds were alert to the material and ideational properties of drapery, hair styles, and the ornaments that adorn the bodies of men and women. Their treatises on painting, spanning the century, suggest the emergence into public discourses—both verbal and visual—of a particular type of subject, the creative genius who is also a figure of fashionable urbanity. In the works of all three, the nature of this complex figure is suggested in a succession of questions and conundrums that apply the concerns of idealist and empiricist philosophy to the emerging field of aesthetics. For instance, do our impressions of visible phenomena, which include the fashionably adorned bodies of urban contemporaries, conduce to ideas and abstractions? Are our fleeting and conditional impressions of such phenomena answerable to ideal beauty? Can a faculty of genius which “improves” nature in acts of artistic creativity flow somehow from the exertions of a “mechanic” whose “curious hand” and perceptive eye engage with drapery, hair styles, and other ornaments? Significantly, questions like these were made public by the theorists of the English school in stylish octavo books, objects which, as we shall see, themselves emerge in significant and unexpected ways as fashionable embodiments of genius.
Serum miRNA signature to identify a patient’s resistance to high-dose radiation therapy for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer.

7580 Background: There is a growing literature on unique profiles of serum micro RNAs (miRNAs) expression to predict clinical outcome of metastatic and early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the predictive role of circulating miRNAs in unresectable NSCLC treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) is unknown. Methods: 134 patients with inoperable/unresectable NSCLC treated with deﬁnitive RT (18-month minimum follow-up) were eligible. Serum samples were collected prospectively before treatment. 100 patients had enough serum and reliable miRNA profile quality, which were randomly divided into training and validation sets (50 patients each). MiRNA profiling was performed using real-time PCR-based array, containing a panel of 84 miRNAs detectable in human bodily fluids. Spiked-in cel-miR-39 was used for normalization. Stepwise regression Cox model building was used to build a miRNA signature on the training set, which was then assessed on the validation set both alone and with clinical fa...
Contributions de l'œnotourisme pour la Vitiviniculture de l'État de São Paulo (Brésil)

The Pro-wine project, funded by the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo - FAPESP, characterized the progress of a group of small wine producers in the State of Sao Paulo from the insertion in the routes rural tourism and wine tourism. The main wine routes of the state are located in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo and express traditional regions of wine production. This work aims to highlight the main contributions of wine tourism to the wine industry of the State of Sao Paulo, mainly: enhancement of the landscape, strengthening of governance, formalization of the smallholder and improvement of production quality. The work is based on the results of projects financed by FAPESP: “The Modalities of Territorial Governance in the State of Sao Paulo: coordination, territories, public policies and development” (2011/50837-9) and “Territorial Governance in Brazil: institutional specificities, spatial logics and development policies” (2015/25136-8). The growing demand of tourists increases the potential of the wine business with new investments in the productive structure. The need for expansion of activity vitivinicole and conquest of new markets goes through formalization through the organization of cooperatives and governance between agents.
Thermal conductivity of tungsten: Effects of plasma-related structural defects from molecular-dynamics simulations

We report results on the lattice thermal conductivities of tungsten single crystals containing nanoscale-sized pores or voids and helium (He) nanobubbles as a function of void/bubble size and gas pressure in the He bubbles based on molecular-dynamics simulations. For reference, we calculated lattice thermal conductivities of perfect tungsten single crystals along different crystallographic directions at room temperature and found them to be about 10% of the overall thermal conductivity of tungsten with a weak dependence on the heat flux direction. The presence of nanoscale voids in the crystal causes a significant reduction in its lattice thermal conductivity, which decreases with increasing void size. Filling the voids with He to form He nanobubbles and increasing the bubble pressure leads to further significant reduction of the tungsten lattice thermal conductivity, down to ∼20% of that of the perfect crystal. The anisotropy in heat conduction remains weak for tungsten single crystals containing nanoscale-sized voids and He nanobubbles throughout the pressure range examined. Analysis of the pressure and atomic displacement fields in the crystalline region that surrounds the He nanobubbles reveals that the significant reduction of tungsten lattice thermal conductivity in this region is due to phonon scattering from the nanobubbles, as well as lattice deformation around the nanobubbles and formation of lattice imperfections at higher bubble pressure.
Learning analytics as assemblage: Criticality and contingency in online education:

Recently, the possibilities for leveraging “big data” in research and pedagogy have given rise to the growing field of “learning analytics” in online education. While much of this work has focused ...
First-Episode Psychosis and the Criminal Justice System: Using a Sequential Intercept Framework to Highlight Risks and Opportunities

In first-episode psychosis there is a heightened risk of aggression and subsequent criminal justice involvement. This column reviews the evidence pointing to these heightened risks and highlights opportunities, using a sequential intercept model, for collaboration between mental health services and existing diversionary programs, particularly for patients whose behavior has already brought them to the attention of the criminal justice system. Coordinating efforts in these areas across criminal justice and clinical spheres can decrease the caseload burden on the criminal justice system and optimize clinical and legal outcomes for this population.
Apocalyptic Specularity in Dante's Eschatology: Narcissus and the Imagination of Salvation

Dante's Commedia provides a performative eschatology or “apocalyptic specularity” that shows well how to keep concerns for apophasis, imagination, and salvation in balance. His literary appreciation for mirroring enables him to re-present and imitate revelation. Displaying a metaphysically robust imagination, Dante's eschatology is akin to the biblical genre of apocalypse. Dantean analogy—personal and historical while theological and apocalyptical—resists tendencies to account for theology in reducibly negativist terms. The Divine Comedy hopes for the salvation of Narcissus, whose figure reflects the “everyman,” who would furthermore reflect even the triune God.
Detection of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Southern Alabama Following a 26-yr Absence and Public Perceptions of the Threat of Zika Virus

With the establishment of Zika virus in the Americas, an accurate understanding of the geographic range of its primary vector, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), is vital to assessing transmission risk. In an article published in June 2016, Hahn and colleagues compiled county-level records in the United States for the presence of Ae. aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) reported between January 1995 and March 2016. Despite ecological suitability for both mosquito species along the Gulf Coast, Ae. aegypti was not reported in Alabama during the time interval, a result consistent with research suggesting that interactions between these two species often result in displacement of Ae. aegypti. Herein, we report the detection of Ae. aegypti populations in Mobile, Alabama, after a 26-yr absence and present findings on human perceptions of Zika virus relevant to transmission. It is unclear whether the specimens (69 out of 1074) represent a recent re-introduction or belong to a previously undetected remnant population. Sequencing of mtDNA from identified Ae. aegypti matched closest to a specimen collected in Kerala, India. A survey of residents in the surveillance area suggests high encounter rates with mosquitoes in and around homes. Despite high self-reported knowledge about Zika virus, the survey revealed gaps in knowledge regarding its transmission cycle and relative degrees of vulnerability to serious illness among segments of the human population. These findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance, vector control, and public-health education in Gulf Coast states, as well as the potential threat of Ae. Aegypti-transmitted pathogens in southern Alabama.
Marker-Assisted Breeding for Economic Traits in Common Bean

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widely grown grain legume species that is consumed directly by humans. The crop is grown from the northern regions of Canada to the temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere including highland tropical regions of Latin America and East Africa where a wide diversity of seed types and growth habits are produced. Local adaptation is critical, and consumers are very selective in the seed types they grow and consume. Despite its broad adaptation, common bean productivity is low compared to cereal crops and is constrained by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, grower and consumer preferences for specific growth habits, maturity classes, seed types, and quality traits limit improvement to specific regions and seed types. Breeders are challenged with having to maintain separate breeding programs where outcomes are limited to specific seed types. As a community, many of the biotic stresses are similar, and the genetic tools to control them can be shared. The broad area of marker technologies linked to economic traits is one area where the bean community has shared benefits. This chapter summarizes some of the broad advances in marker technologies as they have been applied to improve economic traits controlling both productivity and quality characteristics of common bean.
Keeping and Bearing Arms in Czech

Determining the plain or primary meaning of words in legal language is crucial to compliance with and enforcement of laws, but also controversial if the methods used are subjective and unsystematic. Corpus linguistics is a potential remedy. This chapter uses corpus analysis to compare the usage of the Czech noun zbraň (weapon), verbs držet (keep) and nosit (bear), and adjectives bezuhonný (upstanding) and spolehlivý (reliable) in Czech gun law against their usage in wider discourse. The results suggest a marked misalignment between the two usages, with the words taking on connotations at law that would not be self-evident. Although the population of gun owners in the Czech Republic is small, the potential cost of misunderstanding the key terms of gun law has risen with the attempt in 2017 to create a constitutional right to keep and bear arms to assist the state in protecting national security.
Bodies in Motion: An empirical evaluation of a program to support positive body image in female collegiate athletes

Female athletes are at risk for eating disorders due to the experience and internalization of pressures regarding various aspects of their bodies, including weight and appearance. Evaluating programs that address psychosocial antecedents and may reduce female athletes' risk is critical. We examined Bodies in Motion, a program based on cognitive dissonance and mindful self-compassion principles that integrates components of social media. Female athletes across nine NCAA athletic departments were assigned to Bodies in Motion (n = 57) or a wait-list control group (n = 40). Athletic department personnel were trained in the standardized program. Data were collected at three time-points - baseline, post-program, and three to four months later. Using Holm's algorithm to control for multiple comparisons, repeated measures ANOVAs showed that, after program completion, Bodies in Motion athletes reported less thin-ideal internalization, as compared to the control athletes, over time. We also observed varying group trajectories in outcome responses upon visual inspection of profile plots. These findings serve as the basis for future research suggestions involving larger sample sizes and prolonged measurement of outcomes.
Dispersion and topological characteristics of permutative polyatomic phononic crystals

This work presents a comprehensive mathematical treatment of phononic crystals (PCs) which comprise a finite lattice of repeated polyatomic unit cells. Wave dispersion in polyatomic lattices is sus...
sMRT: Multi-Resident Tracking in Smart Homes With Sensor Vectorization

Smart homes equipped with anonymous binary sensors offer a low-cost, unobtrusive solution that powers activity-aware applications, such as building automation, health monitoring, behavioral intervention, and home security. However, when multiple residents are living in a smart home, associating sensor events with the corresponding residents can pose a major challenge. Previous approaches to multi-resident tracking in smart homes rely on extra information, such as sensor layouts, floor plans, and annotated data, which may not be available or inconvenient to obtain in practice. To address those challenges in real-life deployment, we introduce the sMRT algorithm that simultaneously tracks the location of each resident and estimates the number of residents in the smart home, without relying on ground-truth annotated sensor data or other additional information. We evaluate the performance of our approach using two smart home datasets recorded in real-life settings and compare sMRT with two other methods that rely on sensor layout and ground truth-labeled sensor data.
Nuances in the Management of Hand and Wrist Injuries in Athletes.

This issue of Clinics in Sports Medicine will discuss Nuances in the Management of Hand and Wrist Injuries in Athletes. Guest edited by Dr. Sanjeev Kakar, this issue will discuss a number of related topics that are important to practicing clinicians. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Dr. Mark Miller. The volume will include articles on: Imaging of the Hand and Wrist; Hand and wrist tendinopathies; Distal Radius Fractures in the Athlete; Acute Scaphoid Waist Fractures in the Athlete; Carpal Fractures Other than Scaphoid in the Athlete; Management of Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures in the Athlete; Thumb Ulnar and Radial Collateral Ligament Injuries; Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain in the Athlete; Wrist Injuries in the Paediatric Athlete; Evaluation and Treatment of Flexor Tendon and Pulley Injuries in Athletes; Extensor Tendons Injuries in the Athlete; Therapy Challenges for Athletes; among others.
Complicated Dynamics and Parametric Restrictions in the Robinson-Solow-Srinivasan (RSS) Model

The delineation of the optimal policy function (OPF) in the discounted setting has remained an open question since the 2005 demonstration of optimal topological chaos (OTC) in a particular instance of the 2-sector RSS model. This paper provides an explicit solution of the OPF when the discount factor is less than the labor/capital-output ratio a. With OTC conceived both as period-three cycles and turbulence, it establishes the existence of OTC for non-negligible parametric ranges of the model, shows the identified ranges also to be necessary, presents exact restrictions on a, and extends the 1996 Mitra-Nishumura-Yano theorems on discount-factor restrictions.
TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART: PERFORMANCE AS A BRIDGE TO HEALTH AND SURVIVAL

The performance of Total Artificial Heart (TAH) as a bridge to transplant, survival and perceived health remains underreported. Retrospective analysis of TAH patients implanted between 1/2012 and 6/2019 at a large single center. Visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire was used during ambulatory
Spontaneous near-complete resolution of direct carotid-cavernous fistula resulting from ruptured cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm.

This 57-year-old woman with a history of migraine, hypertension and pulmonary embolism presented to an outside facility with spontaneous left ptosis, ophthalmoplaegia and headache for 4 days. Her symptoms began abruptly with retro-orbital pain, nausea, vomiting and left eye proptosis. There was no
Shared Work - Valued Care: New Norms for Organizing Market Work and Unpaid Care Work

The original essays in this book have been written by a number of leading international experts in the field of labour market studies to honour the intellectual contribution and lifetime achievement of Gunther Schmid.
Assessing Demographic Bias in Named Entity Recognition

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is often the first step towards automated Knowledge Base (KB) generation from raw text. In this work, we assess the bias in various Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems for English across different demographic groups with synthetically generated corpora. Our analysis reveals that models perform better at identifying names from specific demographic groups across two datasets. We also identify that debiased embeddings do not help in resolving this issue. Finally, we observe that character-based contextualized word representation models such as ELMo results in the least bias across demographics. Our work can shed light on potential biases in automated KB generation due to systematic exclusion of named entities belonging to certain demographics.
The Readable Delaware General Corporation Law: 2020-2021 with VisiLaw Markings

VisiLaw is a system for marking statutes to make them easier to read. This paper contains a short introduction to VisiLaw a complete, VisiLaw-marked, copy of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The corporation law is current through end of the legislative session on June 30, 2020. In includes House Bill 341. VisiLaw markings visually separate sentences, and clauses within sentences, making it easy to see where each begins and ends. The ability to see sentence structure at a glance makes it possible to read clauses one at a time, without losing orientation in the overall structure. Within each constituent clause, underlining identifies a skeletal sentence – subject, verb, direct object and a few other words. The underlining enables the reader to quickly get the gist, and understand the structure, of the constituent clauses. The Readable Delaware General Corporation Law is published in hard copy and available on Amazon.
Metal elements associate with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in 195 couples.

Abstract Purpose Environmental factors may affecting reproductive function reduction and embryonic development. Couples who are exposed to heavy metals for a long time may affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF). To evaluate the effect of elements on IVF outcomes, a total of 195 couples undergoing IVF were included in this study. Methods Elements including V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb were measured in serum and follicular fluid (FF) samples of female and semen samples of male by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multiple linear regression were applied to evaluate the association between metal elements and semen quality parameters and the number of oocytes in MII stage. Poisson regression and the robust variance estimation of the generalized estimation equation were used to evaluate the association between elements and IVF outcomes. Results The statistical results showed that Cr had a significant negative correlation with total sperm concentration (TSC) and total motile sperm count (TMC), the correlation coefficients were -0.52 (-0.27∼1.43) and -0.4(-1.24, 0.45), respectively. At the same time, Ba was significantly correlated with TSC and TMC, the correlation coefficients were 0.1(-0.15∼0.34) and 0.12(-0.13, 0.36), respectively. Cr, Ba and Pb in follicular fluid (FF) had a significant positive correlation with the number of oocytes in MII stage. The correlation coefficients were 3.15 (0.79, 5.52), 1.54 (-0.27, 3.36), 12.27 (7.49, 17.04). The Tl level of FF was significantly associated with the high probability of blastocyst formation and high-quality blastocysts (RR: 2.83, 95 % CI: 0.92∼7.95; RR: 3.12, 95 % CI: 0.64, 12.84). The Hg level (RR: 3.98, 95 % CI: 0.78∼14.77) and the Ba level in serum (RR: 12.75 95 % CI: 1.31∼89.71) were significantly correlated with high-quality blastocysts. The levels of Ni, Cu, Mo in seminal plasma of men were significantly correlated with blastocyst formation and high-quality blastocysts (RR values were all greater than 1.5). In addition, the level of Ba was significantly correlated with the high probability of blastocyst formation (RR: 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.14∼2.52). Conclusion Our results reveal that Cr, Ba and Pb may affect TSC, TMC and MII oocytes. Moreover, Ba, Cr, As, Hg and Tl in serum and Mo in seminal plasma were related to fertilization results, good embryos, blastocyst formation, high-quality embryos, and pregnancy and live birth rates. Tl in FF may related to the quality of embryonic development, Ba was an important risk factor which closely related to the outcomes of IVF in both male and female. Through our detection and statistical analysis of clinical samples, it is shown that although not all elements will affect the outcome of IVF the key elements we have selected need to arouse our attention, which benifit to the diagnosis and prevention of clinical infertility.
Preferential Migration of T Regulatory Cells Induced by IL-16

As a natural ligand for CD4, IL-16 has been shown to preferentially induce migration in Th1 cells, and, in long-term cultures with IL-2, IL-16 facilitates the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells. In addition, IL-16 has an immunomodulatory role in asthmatic inflammation, as exogenous administration significantly reduces inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. The mechanism for this, however, is not clear. Based on its functional characteristics and potential immunomodulatory role, we investigated the ability of IL-16 to recruit and influence the development of T regulatory (Treg) cells. We now demonstrate that IL-16 preferentially induces migration in a CD25(+)CTLA-4(+) human T cell subset and that responding cells produce IFNgamma and TGFbeta but not IL-10. These cells are relatively unresponsive to antigenic stimulation and can suppress proliferation and IL-5, but not IFNgamma, production by autologous T cells. We further demonstrate that IL-16-recruited cells are enriched for Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3). In addition, we find that IL-16 stimulation may facilitate de novo induction of Foxp3(+) Treg cells, because the stimulation of FoxP3-negative T cells for 48 h results in the expression of FoxP3 mRNA and protein. These data indicate that at sites of inflammation IL-16 may contribute to selective Treg cell expansion through the preferential induction of a migratory response from existing Treg cells, as well as by the induction of de novo generation of FoxP3(+) cells. These findings offer a potential mechanism for the immunosuppressive effects of IL-16 seen in Th2-mediated inflammation.
Classification of integrable clusters of classical Heisenberg spins

In this letter we present a general classification of integrable models of identical classical spins coupled via the isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Our constructive proof of integrability provides a solution scheme for the equations describing the time evolution of each spin. We show that for a broad class of Heisenberg couplings, it is possible to solve the equations of motion iteratively by building a hierarchy of spins, each of which precesses about the composite spin of the previous level. This leads to the identification of the frequencies of precession at each level.
Clinical and epidemiological risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in a cohort of critically ill patients

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents a major infectious complication in the ICU. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for VAP acquisition.
A bandwidth-sensitive update scheduling method for Internet push

We present the BUS (Bandwidth-sensitive Update Scheduling) method for WWW push proxies that actively sets different update schedules for various WWW push channels. Based on open protocols describing push objects, BUS optimizes the currency of the objects it delivers to the clients under the constraint of the available bandwidth. As a result, push traffic overflow is minimized with adequate gateway bandwidth reserved for critical non-push traffic. The BUS method also provides a mechanism to monitor client interest and conducts a dynamic proxy update for given channels if the client requests for these channels increase suddenly. In contrast to fixed schedule approaches, this dynamic update mechanism can better capture the dynamic changes (such as the financial activities) that are of interest to many clients.
Relation of hepatitis C virus to hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis C virus is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus with a positive stranded genome of about 9400 nucleotides. It probably belongs to the family of Flaviviridae which replicate via full-length, complementary, negative-stranded RNA. Hepatitis C virus is the predominant etiologic agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis around the world. It frequently leads to chronic hepatitis which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The currently available antibody assay for hepatitis C virus cannot distinguish between current and past hepatitis C virus infection. We developed a strand-specific reverse double polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA (non-translated and non-structural sequences) in extracts of hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and the surrounding liver. Negative (replicative) and positive (genomic) strands of hepatitis C virus RNA were detected in both liver and tumor tissues in almost equal frequency and relative amounts. These data suggest that hepatitis C virus replicates in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and supports the epidemiologic evidence for an association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Evaluation of Models Using Corticosterone and Adrenocorticotropin to Induce Conditions Mimicking Physiological Stress in Commercial Broilers

Three experiments (Exp) were conducted to delineate a suitable model for inducing conditions mimicking physiological stress with minimal bird handling. For Exp 1, Ross x Ross 308 male chicks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 5 mg of corticosterone (CS)/kg from d 1 to 7. For Exp 2, Ross x Ross 508 broilers received 1 of 4 dietary treatments: control; control + 4 IU/kg of BW of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)/d i.m. from d 21 to 27; control + 8 IU/kg of BW of ACTH/d i.m. from d 21 to 27; or control + 15 mg of CS/kg of diet for 14 d from 21 to 35 d of age. In Exp 3, Ross x Ross 308 broilers were fed high or low nutrient density (ND) from 1 to 41 d of age, and 0 or 20 mg of CS/kg of diet from 18 to 21 d of age. Performance parameters (BW gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality) were measured in all 3 experiments. In Exp 1, CS administration significantly decreased BW gain and decreased feed intake and mortality. In Exp 2, although ACTH injection resulted in significantly depressed performance responses relative to the control, CS administration yielded significantly stronger results. In Exp 3, ND and CS interacted (P = 0.04) to affect feed intake from d 0 to 34. Broilers fed diets containing high ND and CS had higher feed intake than broilers fed low ND and CS. From 0 to 21 and 0 to 42 d, CS decreased feed intake. Increased dietary ND improved BW gain and feed conversion in Exp 3. Also, CS decreased and increased BW gain and feed conversion, respectively, during all periods in Exp 3. Dietary addition of CS negatively impacted performance of broilers, and increasing dietary amino acid density did not ameliorate these effects.
Meridional variations in acuity and CSFS in monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) reared with externally applied astigmatism

Abstract Infant macaque monkeys have been raised under such conditions that all visual experience was obtained while looking through a cylindrical lens. When tested at older ages, these monkeys were found to have meridional differences in acuity and contrast sensitivity. The direction of the differences were predicable on the basis of the defocus produced by the rearing condition. The data support the theory, previously suggested on the basis of clinical and correlational studies, that astigmatism is a major causal factor in the occurrence of meridional amblyopia.
Secondary Production of Macrobenthic Invertebrates from Delaware Bay and Coastal Waters

Secondary production of benthic invertebrates was estimated for Delaware Bay and coastal Delaware. Production and turnover ratios were highest in Delaware Bay (P = 46,572 mg AFDW m−2 yr−1, P:B = 6,O) and progressively lower at two coastal stations (P = 7,501 to 30,124 mg AFDW m−2 yr−1, P:B = 2.3 to 5.3, and P = 4,485 to 4,492mg AFDW m−2 yr−1, P:B =2.3 to 4.8). Production was inversely related to sediment particle size. Production in Delaware Bay was relatively evenly distributed between deposit feeding polychaetes and suspension feeding molluscs with a definite shift in production dominance to suspension feeding molluscs at the coastal stations. Moreover, crustaceans and echinoderms played a larger role in production at the coastal stations than in Delaware Bay. Concerns about the health of soft-bottom communities in Delaware Bay expressed earlier were not supported here. Finally, it was concluded that P and P: B from the Delaware Bay area were very similar to those obtained from other areas in the North Atlantic which agrees with estimates for other estuaries in the northern hemisphere.
GLUCURONIDASE HYDROLYSIS FORPREGNANEDIOL ASSAYS1,2

The great interest shown in pregnanediol assays is based upon a proof of relationship between pregnanediol and the corpus luteum hormone —progesterone (Marrian 1949). The methods for assaying pregnanediol in urine are: Firstly the method of Venning (1937, 1938) in which the sodium pregnanediol glucuronidate (NaPG) of the urine is assayed gravimetrically; and secondly the hydrolysis of the pregnanediol conjugate and the assay of the pregnanediol (Astwood and Jones, 1941; Talbot et al., 1941). In 1948 Sommerville, Gough, and Marrian modified the test in order to obtain a sensitivity of 2.5 mg./day. This paper introduces the hydrolysis of urines by calf spleen glucuronidase. This method has been found to give excellent results for assaying less than 0.50 mg. pregnanediol/24 hrs MATERIALS All chemical reagents were chemically pure. The toluol was redistilled. The sodium pregnanediol glucuronidate was freed of sodium pregnaneolone glucuronidate by the procedure of Sutherland and Marrian (1947).
Minimum distance regression model checking

Abstract This paper discusses a class of minimum distance tests for fitting a parametric regression model to a regression function when the underlying d-dimensional design variable is random, d⩾1, and the regression model is possibly heteroscedastic. These tests are based on certain minimized L2 distances between a nonparametric regression function estimator and the parametric model being fitted. The paper establishes the asymptotic normality of the proposed test statistics and that of the corresponding minimum distance estimators under the fitted model. These estimators turn out to be n1/2-consistent. Some simulations are also included.
Extracellular ammonia at sites of pulmonary infection with Coccidioides posadasii contributes to severity of the respiratory disease

Coccidioides is the causative agent of a potentially life-threatening respiratory disease of humans. A feature of this mycosis is that pH measurements of the microenvironment of pulmonary abscesses are consistently alkaline due to ammonia production during the parasitic cycle. We previously showed that enzymatically active urease is partly responsible for elevated concentrations of extracellular ammonia at sites of lung infection and contributes to both localized host tissue damage and exacerbation of the respiratory disease in BALB/c mice. Disruption of the urease gene (URE) of Coccidioides posadasii only partially reduced the amount of ammonia detected during in vitro growth of the parasitic phase, suggesting that other ammonia-producing pathways exist that may also contribute to the virulence of this pathogen. Ureidoglycolate hydrolase (Ugh) expressed by bacteria, fungi and higher plants catalyzes the hydrolysis of ureidoglycolate to yield glyoxylate and the release CO2 and ammonia. This enzymatic pathway is absent in mice and humans. Ureidoglycolate hydrolase gene deletions were conducted in a wild type (WT) isolate of C. posadasii as well as the previously generated Δure knock-out strain. Restorations of UGH in the mutant stains were performed to generate and evaluate the respective revertants. The double mutant revealed a marked decrease in the amount of extracellular ammonia without loss of reproductive competence in vitro compared to both the WT and Δure parental strains. BALB/c mice challenged intranasally with the Δugh/Δure mutant showed 90% survival after 30 days, decreased fungal burden, and well-organized pulmonary granulomas. We conclude that loss of both Ugh and Ure activity significantly reduced the virulence of this fungal pathogen.