cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a modified predicted heat strain model for hot work environments

Abstract Excessive exposure to heat can lead to injuries, illness, and death among mineworkers. The actual cost of heat-related injuries and illnesses is unknown because of underreporting and lack of symptom recognition. Multi-factorial, evidence-based, and field-ready guidelines for identifying–and predicting–physiological markers of heat strain are currently unavailable. The predicted heat strain (PHS) model, is the latest attempt by mining companies to aid in the evaluation and management of occupational heat exposures. The adopted algorithm relies on worksite environmental measurements and an estimate of individual metabolic rate for mine workers to provide an estimate of the workers’ core temperature during a work shift. There are several known limitations of the PHS model, including the assumption that the subject worker is hydrated and fit. A modified PHS model was presented based on eight physical parameters that are measured at different intervals during a work shift; these parameters are air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, radiation, metabolic rate, acclimatization, clothing insulation and posture. To validate the results, the predictions from the modified PHS model were compared with direct physiological measurements obtained from ingestible pills and heat stress monitors under different environmental and working conditions.
A CNN-based personalized system for attention detection in wayfinding tasks

Abstract Firefighters are often exposed to extensive wayfinding information in various formats owing to the increasing complexity of the built environment. Because of the individual differences in processing assorted types of information, a personalized cognition-driven intelligent system is necessary to reduce the cognitive load and improve the performance in the wayfinding tasks. However, the mixed and multi-dimensional information during the wayfinding tasks bring severe challenges to intelligent systems in detecting and nowcasting the attention of users. In this research, a virtual wayfinding experiment is designed to simulate the human response when subjects are memorizing or recalling different wayfinding information. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are designed for automated attention detection based on the power spectrum density of electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during the experiment. The performance of the personalized model and the generalized model are compared and the result shows a personalized CNN is a powerful classifier in detecting the attention of users with high accuracy and efficiency. The study thus will serve a foundation to support the future development of personalized cognition-driven intelligent systems.
A Bayesian nonparametric mixture model for studying universal patterns in color naming

Abstract Variational Inference for the Beta-Bernoulli Dirichlet Process Mixture Model is employed to uncover universal patterns in color naming systems. The data used consist of 2552 participants from 106 World Color Survey languages. To study these languages collectively, the model is informed by universal biological, linguistic, and topological features of the task. We find that the majority of the naming systems are represented by eighteen clusters, each constituting a universal pattern. Novel mathematical techniques are developed to study the levels of similarity, underlying consensus, and diversity among these patterns. This implementation of nonparametric models demonstrates how machine learning methods can be tailored for behavioral science applications.
Differential Role of Plasma and Platelet-Derived Factor V In Vivo

Abstract Coagulation factor V (FV) has a profound effect on coagulation and deficiency states lead to bleeding. In blood, there are two pools of FV with 80% found in plasma and 20% contained in the α-granules of platelets. The biological basis for this separation is not clear; however, structural distinctions between the pools have been identified suggesting they may have unique effects or play different roles following injury. Broadly however, in vivo evidence for this is lacking. Transgenic mice with synthesis limited to liver or megakaryocytes have been generated to study the role of plasma and platelet FV (Sun et al, Blood 102:2856, 2003). Either pool is sufficient for basal hemostasis and tail-bleeding times were only slightly prolonged compared to wild-type (wt) mice. The impact of the two pools following different hemostatic challenges in different vessels is not known. To expand our in vivo understanding of the FV pools on clot formation, we further studied mice with only platelet FV (platelet-FV+) or plasma FV (plasma-FV+). As a control, we also generated mice with essentially little to no total FV (FV-low). To generate platelet-FV+ mice, wt mice were treated with a single dose of a liver targeted antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to knockdown plasma FV (ASO-FV; 40 mg/kg). After 3 weeks of ASO-FV treatment, the plasma FV levels assessed with a murine FV-specific ELISA were at the lower limits of detection while platelet FV levels were normal. This confirms prior work showing platelet FV originates from megakaryocyte synthesis in mice, which is different from humans. To generate plasma-FV+ mice, we used previously established transgenic mice only expressing FV (~30% of wt) from the liver with no platelet FV. To create FV-low mice, plasma-FV+ mice were treated with ASO-FV; this resulted in mice with markedly reduced ( Disclosures Ivanciu: Bayer: Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Research Funding. Crosby: Ionis Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Research Funding. Revenko: Ionis Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Research Funding. MacLeod: Ionis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Monia: Ionis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Davidson: Spark Therapeutics: Consultancy. Camire: Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Spark Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novo Nordisk: Research Funding.
Does COVID-19 compromise SGO member well-being?

Objectives: To assess the well-being of members of the gynecologic oncology healthcare team during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic using validated survey assessments of professional fulfillment, burnout, anxiety, and depression among Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) members. Methods: From June 15th-July 1st 2020, SGO members received a web-based survey consisting of the following validated measures: Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI); Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2 screener and PHQ-7); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 screener and PHQ-9) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-6). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with professional fulfillment, burnout, anxiety, and depression. Results: Among the 254 SGO member respondents (approximately 12%), 58% (147) were ≤45 years, 73% (183) identified as female, and 76% (192) were gynecologic, medical, or radiation oncologists. COVID-19 institutional burden was reported as high/very high (23%, 59), moderate (44%, 110), or low (31%79). Most respondents provided direct patient care (96%, 242), including 22% (52) reported caring for COVID-19 patients. Personal history of COVID-19 infection was reported in 16% (41) of repondents. Among 232 PFI respondents, 58% (134) and 41% (95), respectively, met cutoff values for decreased professional fulfillment and burnout. Of those who completed the GAD (246) and PHQ (251) ultrascreeners, 25% (62) and 17% (42) screened positive for anxiety and depression, respectively. Among these, 41% (21/51) and 27% (10/37) reported potentially clinically significant anxiety and depression, while 18% (9/51) and 32% (12/37) of participant scores correlated with potentially severe depression. A total of 37% (97) reported significant trauma-related stress based on IES-6 scores predictive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After multivariate adjustment, decreased professional fulfillment and burnout were significantly associated with screening positive for depression (p=0.005, p= Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that the majority of SGO members are not professionally fulfilled during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents data that differs from pre-COVID era findings, and indicates a significant impact on professional well-being. Though we observed no association between burden of COVID-19 infection or caring for COVID-19 patients with anxiety, depression, professional fulfillment, or burnout, respondents scores indicated moderate to severe anxiety and depression, and over one-third met IES-6 criteria shown to be correlative to the diagnosis of PTSD. The longevity of these effects is of particular concern. The next phase of our study will re-survey SGO members during the second wave of the pandemic. Findings from this work can target interventions to improve SGO member well-being during current and future threats to psychological resilience. Download : Download high-res image (97KB) Download : Download full-size image
In reply to 'serratus blocks: clinical applications ought to be based on sensory coverage'.

To the editor We would like to thank Raghuraman[1][1] for interest in our recently published randomized, controlled trial comparing single-injection serratus and paravertebral nerve blocks for patients undergoing non-mastectomy surgery.[2][2] Fascial plane blocks have been described relatively
A Soft Real Time Scheduling Server in UNIX Operating System

We present a soft real-time CPU server for Continuous Media processing in the UNIX environment. The server is a daemon process from which applications can request and acquire soft real-time QoS (Quality of Service) Guarantees. Our server is an extension of the URsched scheduler. It provides (1) protection among real-time(RT) processes (2) fairness among RT and non-RT processes, (3) rate monotonic scheduling, (4) a fix to the UNIX security problem. We have implemented our protocol in the SUN Solaris 2.5 Operating System, and we have shown through experiments that our soft RT server provides predictable QoS for continuous media applications. We also discuss how we will fit the real-time server into our general Resource Broker Architecture in our future work.
RF Rendez-Blue: reducing power and inquiry costs in Bluetooth-enabled mobile systems

In resource-limited mobile computing devices, Bluetooth wireless technology imposes a weighty burden due to inefficient power utilization and a sluggish device discovery process. Buttressing Bluetooth with radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology by performing an operation we call "Rendez-Blue" alleviates these limitations. In the Rendez-Blue process, an RFID signal is used as a cue to "wake-up" a sleeping Bluetooth radio. This ensures that the Bluetooth radio is active only when needed, significantly reducing power consumption. In addition, RFID is used to communicate Bluetooth device information, allowing the user to bypass the traditional 10.24-second discovery process.
The effect of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 on the translational specificity of bacterial ribosomes.

Abstract Ribosomes from Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli exhibit non-specific translation of bacterial mRNAs. That is, they are able to translate mRNAs from a variety of sources in a manner independent of the "strength" of the Shine-Dalgarno region, in contrast to ribosomes from many Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, which show specific translation in only being able to translate other Gram-positive mRNA, or mRNAs that have "strong" Shine-Dalgarno regions. There is an evolutionary correlation between the translational specificity and the absence of a protein analogous to E. coli ribosomal protein S1. The specificity observed with B. subtilis ribosomes is a function of their 30 S subunit which lacks S1; translation of Gram-negative mRNA can occur with heterologous ribosomes containing the 30 S subunit of E. coli ribosomes and the 50 S subunit of B. subtilis ribosomes. However, the addition of E. coli S1 alone to B. subtilis ribosome does not overcome their characteristic inability to translate mRNA from Gram-negative organisms. By contrast, the removal of S1 from E. coli ribosomes results in translational behavior similar to that shown by B. subtilis ribosomes in that the S1-depleted E. coli ribosomes can translate mRNA from Gram-positive sources in the absence of added S1, although addition of S1 stimulates further translation of such mRNAs by the E. coli ribosomes.
The Synthesis and Some of the Pharmacological Properties of [4-L-Isoleucine]-oxytocin and [4-L-Leucine]-oxytocin

Abstract Two analogues of oxytocin in which the glutamine residue at position 4 has been replaced by isoleucine and leucine residues, respectively, have been prepared by total synthesis via the stepwise p-nitrophenyl ester method. The [4-isoleucine]-oxytocin and [4-leucine]-oxytocin were tested for a number of biological activities, [4-Isoleucine]-oxytocin possesses about 16% of the avian vasodepressor, 7% of the oxytocic, and 45% of the milk-ejecting activities of oxytocin. This analogue possesses negligible pressor and antidiuretic activities. [4-Leucine]-oxytocin possesses approximately 9% of the avian vasodepressor, 2.5% of the oxytocic, and 16% of the milk-ejecting activities of oxytocin. This analogue has no antidiuretic activity. It has a weak and inconsistent depressor effect on the blood pressure. [4-Isoleucine]-oxytocin and [4-leucine]-oxytocin are both considerably less potent than [4-valine]-oxytocin with respect to their avian vasodepressor, oxytocic, and milk-ejecting activities. Of particular interest is the fact that [4-leucine]-oxytocin exhibits in the rat a potent diuretic and natriuretic effect. Futhermore, it inhibits the antidiuretic activity of arginine-vasopressin.
Relationship of materials in flooded soils and sediments to the water quality of reservoirs—I: Oxygen consumption rates

Abstract Rates of oxygen consumption were obtained for four soils and six reservoir sediments using sediment-water reaction chambers and a differential respirometer. Determination of microbial activity as measured by [ 14 C]glucose metabolism was also performed on these soils and sediments. To study the transformation of newly flooded soils into aquatic sediments, we examined the effects of prolonged submergence and temperature upon oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation and methanogenesis. Newly flooded soils initially had high biological oxygen consumption rates, ranging from 67.2 to 76.6% of the total oxygen demand. Established reservoir sediments, in contrast, exhibited extremely high chemical oxygen demands, ranging from 62.7 to 89.9% of the total oxygen demand and had proportionately lower biological oxygen demands. Newly flooded soils had the capacity for high rates of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation, and methanogenesis. However, these rates were extremely temperature-dependent and subject to rapid decline with prolonged submergence due to leaching and degradation of biologically available organic carbon (BAOC). With aging, the amount of BAOC released from the flooded soils decreased, the proportion of reduced inorganic chemical species increased, and a distinct aerobic-anaerobic double layer developed at the soil surface during aerobic conditions in the overlying water column.
Electromagnetic part of the free Yang-Mills field

The free Yang-Mills field (not restricted toSU2) carries electric charge and therefore has an electromagnetic part. Two types of identifications of this electromagnetic part are considered: Lie-algebraic identifications and the asymptotic identification. If free Yang-Mills fields falling into parts which do not interact or which interact unilaterally are excluded, the Lie-algebraic identification usually gives a nonvanishing magnetic-charge density. Therefore, we dismiss this type of electromagnetic identification. The asymptotic identification gives an undetectably small magnetic charge and results in the proper electromagnetic long-range interaction in case the holonomy group has rank one. For higher-rank holonomy groups, it remains to be demonstrated that there is only a single electromagnetic-type long-range interaction. Decomposition of the time-space components of the free Yang-Mills field into a covariant transverse and a covariant longitudinal field shows that, under certain broad conditions, Yang-Mills particles need to have a transverse field inside, in order that they can be charged.
Chapter 15 Dual-route Models of Print to Sound: Red Herrings and Real Horses

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a defense of dual-route models for reading aloud and discusses two major themes. One of these is the view of the essential characteristics of a viable dual-route theory. The thesis advanced is that a model should be considered dual-route if there are functionally independent routines that operate in parallel to generate both addressed phonology based on whole-word units and assembled phonology based on sub-word units. Dual route theory should be viewed as a horse race between two different routines that can be shown to differ in interesting ways. The second counterpoint is the examination of what have become red herrings in the current evaluation of dual-route theory. These are issues related to dual-route theory, but not essential to dual-route theory. Some of them, such as the role of grapheme phoneme correspondence (GPC) rules, have strong historical links to early motivations for dual-route theory.
Comprehensive Care of Adults with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke continues to represent the leading cause of long term disability despite positive achievements in the last few years. An estimated 50 million stroke survivors world wide currently cope with significant physical, cognitive, and emotional deficits, and 25% to 74% of these survivors will require some assistance or are fully dependent on caregivers for activities of daily living. The interdisciplinary team approach, with the nurse playing the central role, is important across the continuum of care. Families must cope with the impact of stoke on their daily lives once the acute phase of stroke care is over. Studies have shown personal and environmental factors influence outcomes after stroke. Patient and family education during the acute phase of stroke care is vitally important. There is also a need to educate nursing and other members of the interdisciplinary team about the potential for recovery in the later or more chronic phases of stroke care. The goal of hospitals seeking and obtaining certification as a Primary Stroke Center is to provide the best possible outcomes for patients suffering a stroke. An organized evidence-based approach to each aspect of stroke care contributes to the quality of the outcomes and requires an infrastructure that the organized center can provide. Stroke is a complex disease process that requires the skills of an interdisciplinary team. Prevention of medical complications and neurologic deterioration is key in managing patients with acute ischemic stroke. The use of clinical pathways and physician standing orders helps to guide the team in managing the care of stroke patients in the acute phase of care. Traditionally the role of educating patients and families about the modifiable and treatable risk factors, and the nonmodifiable risk factors for stroke has been a nursing responsibility. Because patient education is a performance standard for primary stroke centers, nurses must be well informed regarding evidence-based practices associated with effective lifestyle modification strategies for a diverse population.
Recruitment of Minority Subjects for Intervention Research

Recruitment of ethnic or racial minority subjects for health intervention research is a methodologic challenge. A recruitment plan that consisted of a feasibility analysis, recruitment strategies and activities, and evaluation was developed and used for a smoking cessation study of pregnant Latinas. Specific recruitment recommendations for similar research consist of a thorough feasibility analysis, developing partnerships with target groups and community members, using active face-to- face recruitment, and using process evaluation techniques.
A Transformed Triangle: Court, Congress, and Presidency in Civil Rights

The relative permeability of the three elements of a triangle-the Supreme Court, Congress, and the president-to civil rights interest groups has varied over time. For almost two decades after World War II, the Supreme Court was the groups' preferred arena because Congress was resistant and presidents could thus do little or were hesitant to act. For a brief time in the mid-1960s the president and Congress became supportive of civil rights groups' claims while the Court also remained accessible. Starting in the late 1960s executive and legislative support for civil rights moderated, with presidential support declining significantly in the 1980s. When the Supreme Court adopted that latter stance, Congress became the body through which to protect civil rights by reversing the Court's decisions. In this examination of the “transformed triangle” in civil rights policymaking, we look at this change over time and at “flip-flops” in litigation as one administration changes the position espoused by its predecessor, and we also give some attention to the Supreme Court's response to congressional reversal of its rulings.
DFT Technique for Quick Characterization of Flash Offset in Pipeline ADCs

This paper proposes a novel DFT block and associated method for characterizing the offsets of the coarse flash used in a pipelined ADC. In non-SHA architecture, due to the presence of dynamic offset, measuring flash offsets across input frequency becomes important. By adding special data output modes, the proposed DFT technique allows speedy characterization of flash offset, across PVT, using the standard single-tone test and measurement setup [1][2] for the ADCs.
Virtual Three-Dimensional Blackboard: Three-Dimensional Finger Tracking with a Single Camera

We present a method for three-dimensional (3D) tracking of a human finger from a monocular sequence of images. To recover the third dimension from the two-dimensional images, we use the fact that the motion of the human arm is highly constrained owing to the dependencies between elbow and forearm and the physical constraints on joint angles. We use these anthropometric constraints to derive a 3D trajectory of a gesticulating arm. The system is fully automated and does not require human intervention. The system presented can be used as a visualization tool, as a user-input interface, or as part of some gesture-analysis system in which 3D information is important.
Inhibitory effect of morphine on granulocyte stimulation by tumor necrosis factor and substance P.

We demonstrate that morphine, at higher concentrations than that effective in the inhibition of spontaneously active cells, can antagonize stimulation of human granulocytes by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or substance P. The antagonistic effect appears to occur indirectly by way of downregulation of the cells' responsiveness to these stimulatory substances. We have previously shown that neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) is an important enzyme in neuro- and autoimmunoregulation of both vertebrates and invertebrates, and that activation of human granulocytes by monokines and neuropeptides results in regulation of NEP. Exposure of intact human granulocytes to morphine increases NEP by a naloxone-sensitive mechanism. The increased expression of NEP downregulates the stimulatory effect of substance P and TNF. In the case of substance P, we demonstrate the significance of NEP in modulating the process of downregulation by use of a specific NEP inhibitor, phosphoramidon. These results indicate that morphine is a significant factor in downregulating immunocyte responsiveness to NEP substrates and also to those signal molecules (i.e. cytokines) not metabolized by it. In summary, we infer that opiates may be endogenous signal molecules, a status that appears to be amply supported by their immunosuppressive actions.
Cyclic AMP-independent phosphorylation of Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase

Abstract The phosphorylation of NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase in a wild-type and in an adenylate cyclase deletion mutant of Escherichia coli has been investigated. The results obtained clearly indicate that cyclic AMP is not required for the phosphorylation reaction per se, nor is it for the synthesis or possible activation of the phosphoprotein kinase in this organism. This data are in contrast to results observed in Salmonella typhimurium, and indicate that important differences exist in the phosphorylation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase in these two organisms.
Intrinsic 1/f noise in doped silicon thermistors for cryogenic calorimeters

We have characterized the intrinsic 1/f noise of ion-implanted silicon thermistors in the 0.05 – 0.5 K temperature range. This noise can have a significant effect on detector performance and needs to be taken into account in the design optimization of infrared bolometers and x-ray microcalorimeters. The noise can be reasonably well fit as ∆R/R fluctuations whose spectral density varies as 1/f and increases steeply with lower doping density and lower temperatures. The observed 1/f noise can be approximated as a resistance fluctuation: ∆ RR
Restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma in a cat--cross-sectional imaging (MRI & CT) appearance, treatment, and outcome.

A 16-year-old spayed female cat was evaluated for lagophthalmos and chronic exposure keratitis in both eyes. Ophthalmic examination revealed upper and lower eyelid entropion of the left eye (OS) and markedly decreased retropulsion, restricted eye movement, marked episcleral congestion, and severe keratitis of both eyes (OU). Magnetic resonance imaging of both orbits revealed extensive, irregular, contrast-enhancing tissue without evidence of osteolysis considered compatible with diffuse inflammatory tissue. Feline herpesvirus DNA was not detected in conjunctival samples. Partial temporary tarsorrhaphies were placed OU, and the cat was treated with topically administered erythromycin ointment OU, orally administered famciclovir and prednisolone, and sublingually administered buprenorphine. Little improvement was noted after 2 weeks. Six weeks after initial presentation, a left exenteration was performed and histopathology was consistent with idiopathic sclerosing orbital pseudotumor (ISOP). Ten weeks after initial presentation, the patient represented for weight loss and jaw pain. Computed tomography demonstrated disease progression in the right orbit and the patient was euthanized. Histopathology of the decalcified skull revealed an aggressive and highly infiltrative mass involving the right orbit with extension to the maxilla, hard palate, nasal cavity and gingiva most consistent with feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma (FROMS). Clinical data from this patient support the reclassification of ISOP as FROMS. MRI and CT may provide supportive evidence for FROMS, but histopathology is necessary for definitive diagnosis. Aggressive and early surgical treatment, including bilateral exenteration, with adjunctive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should be considered for patients with FROMS.
Hexacyclo[7.1.0.01,3.03,5.05,7.07,9]decane, or pentagramane: high‐level computational studies on a novel hydrocarbon

A novel hydrocarbon whose line diagram is that of the classic pentagram is described. High-level computational studies have been performed to determine its structure, vibrational frequencies, NMR spectra, and thermochemistry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Product state distributions from CO2+ −H2 electron transfer☆

Abstract Emission from excited CO + ions resulting from CO 2+ −H 2 charge transfer collsions have been analyzed to yield vibrational state distributions of these products. These state distribution and the observed spectra have been compared to model spectra calculated from known CO and CO + potential energy curves and a recently proposed semi-empirical curve for CO 2+ . The model calculations which depend on this CO 2+ curve do not adequately reproduce the data.
A description of a new "Amoebozoan" isolated from the American lobster, Homarus americanus.

. Our knowledge of the diversity of amoeboid protists is rapidly expanding as new and old habitats are more fully explored. In 2003, while investigating the cause of an amoeboid disease afflicting lobsters on the East Coast, samples were examined for the presence of amoebae from the carapace washings of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. During this survey a unique community of gymnamoebae was discovered. Among the new taxa discovered was a small Thecamoeba-like organism with a single posteriorly directed pseudopodium. Although resembling Parvamoeba rugata, this amoeba displayed distinctive morphology from that isolate or any other amoebozoan. Phylogenetic analysis shows this amoeba is distantly related to the Thecamoebidae. In this paper we describe the unique morphology of a second species of Parvamoeba and discuss its phylogenetic position with respect to the “Amoebozoa.”
Separation of conjugated bile acids by reverse phase thin layer chromatography

Seven conjugated bile acids were separated by 1-dimensional reverse phase thin layer chromatography using ethanol/0.3 M calcium chloride/dimethylsulfoxide (25∶25∶2) as mobile phase.
Plasma endotoxin levels in horses subjected to carbohydrate induced laminitis.

Summary Thirteen (65 per cent) of 20 horses subjected to carbohydrate overload developed Obel Grade 3 lameness within 56 h. Increases in plasma endotoxin from control levels of less than 0.1 ng/litre to values ranging from 2.4 to 81.53 ng/litre were measured in 11 (85 per cent) of 13 horses during the onset of Obel Grade 3 lameness. Obel Grade 3 lameness was associated with rises in plasma Gram-negative endotoxin levels in 11 (92 per cent) of 12 horses. Two peak increases separated by 16 h were verified in five (45 per cent) of 11 horses that exhibited both endotoxaemia and Obel Grade 3 lameness. The first peak occurred, on average, at 32 h and (he second peak at 48 h post overload when only one peak was measured, this occurred in four horses at the average time of 24 h whereas in another three horses only a 48 h or 56 h peak was detected after carbohydrate overload.
Boundary Condition Specification for Mobile Granular Propellant Bed Combustion Processes

In the modeling of transient one-dimensional, two-phase combustion of granular propellants in gun interior ballistics, the boundary conditions at both the breech end and the base of the projectile must be specified adequately. The form and the total number of the boundary conditions required depend upon the relative velocities of the gases and solid particles with respect to the solid boundary and the condition of fluidization. In the study of a simulated gun system, the flow properties at the boundary are obtained by considering 1) the local balances of mass, momentum, and energy over a small control volume adjacent to the boundary; 2) the compatibility relationships along the characteristic lines; and 3) the number of algebraic relationships according to the instantaneous flow conditions. These considerations are necessary to provide the extraneous boundary conditions required for solving the partial differential equations with a second-order numerical scheme. Numerical results were compared and found in agreement with test-firing data.
Institution-based weaknesses behind emerging multinationals

Essays about how multinationals in emerging countries differ from those in developed countries and their implications.
Atomic Structure of the Anatase TiO2(001) Surface

Understanding the structure of well-defined anatase TiO2 surfaces is critical for deciphering site-specific thermal and photoreaction mechanisms on anatase TiO2. Using ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we have studied the atomic structure of anatase TiO2(001) epitaxial thin films grown by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Bright rows of the (1×4) reconstructed surface are resolved as three types of features with different sizes. High-resolution STM images taken from the same area at different bias voltages show that these individual features are originated from combinations of two basic atomic building blocks. We propose a modified added molecule model for the anatase TiO2(001) surface structure.
Improvement of left ventricular diastolic function and left atrial reverse remodeling after catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes

Catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) improves left ventricular (LV) systolic performance in certain patients; however, the effect on diastolic function and left atrial (LA) remodeling is unclear. We assessed the effects of catheter ablation of PVCs on parameters of LV diastolic function and LA remodeling. Forty-seven patients (age 65 ± 10 years, 46 men) who underwent catheter ablation for symptomatic PVCs were evaluated using two-dimensional echocardiography before and 6 ± 2 months after ablation. The measured diastolic indices included mitral inflow parameters (E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, and deceleration time (DT)), mitral lateral annulus early diastolic velocity (Ea), and E/Ea ratio. The LA volume was measured using modified biplane Simpson's method. We also compared the changes in the left atrial volumes and left atrial volume index (LAVI) after PVC ablation. After catheter ablation of PVCs, the mean LV ejection fraction (EF) increased significantly (49.9 ± 10.3 vs. 42.8 ± 11.8, p < 0.01). Significant improvement was also seen in A wave velocity (71.3 ± 17.1 vs. 59.5 ± 15.1 cm/s, p = 0.039), E/A ratio (1.42 ± 0.6 vs. 1.07 ± 0.5 ml, p = 0.034), Ea (8.9 ± 3.9 vs. 6.8 ± 2.9 cm/s, p = 0.04), and E/Ea ratio (15.4 ± 5.8 vs. 10.6 ± 3.4, p = 0.027), whereas mitral E and DT did not show significant change. LAVI decreased significantly after ablation (44.4 ± 14.8 vs. 36.7 ± 12.5, p < 0.001). Significant improvement in LAVI was also seen in patients with normal baseline LVEF (p = 0.04). Catheter ablation of PVCs improved LV diastolic function and resulted in left atrial reverse remodeling.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHLOROSPIROPHOSPHORANES EXISTING AS NEARLY PERFECT RECTANGULAR PYRAMIDS

Abstract Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 2,3-benzo-7,8-tetrachlorobenzo-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-phenyl-5λ5-phosphaspiro[4,4]nona-2,7-diene, (C6C14O2)(C6H4O2)P(C6H5), VI, and 2,3,7,8-bis(tetrachlorobenzo)-5-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5λ5-phosphaspiro[4,4]-nona-2,7-diene, (C6C14O2)2P(C6H5), VII, showed that they possessed nearly perfect rectangular-pyramidal geometries. The distortion amounts to only 6% for each as measured by the sum of dihedral angles, and the direction of structural displacement is on a coordinate leading to a connecting trigonal-bipyramidal isomer. Data for both compounds were collected on an Enraf-Nonius CAD4 automated diffractometer, by using Mo Kα radiation, out to a maximum 2θMoKα of 55° VI crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1, with a = 8.495 (1) A, b = 9.866 (1) A, c = 12.053 (2) A, α = 76.22 (1)°, β = 71.38 (1)°, γ = 88.95 (1)°, and Z = 2. Full-matrix least-squares refinement gave R = 0.029 and Rw = 0.039 for the 2980 reflections having I ≥ 3σ1. VII crystallizes in the triclinic...
Methodology and architecture of JIVE

A novel approach to the runtime visualization and analysis of object-oriented programs is presented and illustrated through a prototype system called JIVE: Java Interactive Visualization Environment. The main contributions of JIVE are: multiple concurrent representations of program state and execution history; support for forward and reverse execution; and graphical queries over program execution. This model facilitates program understanding and interactive debugging. Our visualization of runtime states clarifies the important point that objects are environments of execution. The history of object interaction is displayed via sequence diagrams, and in this way we help close the loop between design-time and run-time representations. Interactive execution is made possible by maintaining a runtime history database, which may be queried for information on variable behavior, method executions, and object interactions. We illustrate the capabilities of this system through examples. JIVE is implemented using the Java Platform Debugger Architecture and supports the Java language and libraries, including multithreaded and GUI applications.
DISC1 Partners with GSK3β in Neurogenesis

The protein DISC1, encoded by a gene implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility, regulates the development of postmitotic neurons. Mao et al. (2009) now report that DISC1 also regulates the proliferation of embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, providing new insights into how susceptibility genes may contribute to the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Electron impact mass spectra of some substituted aromatic boronate derivatives of bifunctional compounds

The electron impact mass spectra of the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronate, 2,4-dichlorobenzene-boronate and 4-bromobenzeneboronate derivatives of some bifunctional diols and aminoalcohols are characterized by prominent molecular ions with diagnostically useful modes of fragmentation. Many of the principal ions in the mass spectra retain boron in their structure.
Unconventional Leader Behavior, Subordinate Satisfaction, Effort and Perception of Leader Effectiveness

In an effort to conduct an initial investigation into the concept of unconventional leader behavior and determine its utility for future research, we examined the relationship between a leader's un...
Inverse Energy Transfer by Near-Resonant Interactions with a Damped-Wave Spectrum

The interaction of long-wavelength anisotropic drift waves with the plasma turbulence of electron density advection is shown to produce the inverse energy transfer that condenses onto zonal modes, despite the expectation of forward transfer on the basis of nonconservation of enstrophy. Wave triads with an unstable wave and two waves of a separate, damped spectrum carry the transfer, provided they satisfy a near-resonance condition dependent on turbulence level and wave number.
Peak power tracking in parallel connected convertors

A control scheme for parallel connected convertor systems, which will transfer the maximum available power from a nonideal voltage source, is presented. Monitoring the rates of change in both the average input current and average input power from the source, the proposed control method can dynamically regulate the DC-DC convertor system to track the peak power point of the source. The amplitude and frequency of the oscillations due to a limit cycle around the system peak power point is analysed. To improve the system efficiency and reliability, the central limit distribution control is incorporated into the proposed scheme to uniformly distribute the supplied power among the parallel connected convertors.
Catheter-based methods for managing peripheral vascular disease. Which types of occlusive disease are most amenable?

PREVIEWPrimary care physicians have an important role in identification and referral of patients with signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease. Advances in technology have increased the effectiveness of percutaneous catheter-based techniques used to treat stenosis or occlusion in various anatomic sites. However, early evaluation remains an important factor in the success of treatment. In this symposium article, Drs Lips and Vacek review the current catheter-based techniques for managing various types of occlusive disease and include numerous angiographic illustrations from their case files. They also examine the factors affecting choice of treatment approach and briefly discuss the role of thrombolytic therapy.
Accuracy of diffraction-based and image-based overlay

There is no overlay standard in the world. For critical dimension (CD), we may use the VLSI standard or programmed pitch offsets to determine the CD accuracy or CD sensitivity. Programmed overlay offsets can provide relatively accurate sub-nanometer level overlay splits but it is only on a single layer and does not contain layer-to-layer process variations. The splits of scanner magnification can check the trend of overlay sensitivity but it cannot provide the exact value of overlay offsets. Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) can be used as a final overly error verification tool. However, TEM sample preparation for after-development-inspection (ADI) will introduce even more sample distortion errors. Therefore, unlike CD metrology, there is no clean and systematic way to verify the accuracy of overlay metrology. These technical barriers necessitate matching diffraction-based overlay and image-based overlay, especially for sub-nanometer point-to-point matching requirement. In this paper, we compare the correlation of ADI to after-etch-inspection (AEI) by using image-based box-in-box overlay measurement and diffraction-based overlay measurement on the same wafer. The ADI-to-AEI overlay data consistency plays a key role for lithography overlay APC success and AEI overlay should be treated as the final standard for overlay accuracy. We found that process-induced asymmetric profiles of overlay marks will lead to ADI-to-AEI overlay bias. This bias is proportional to the degree of profile asymmetry and different color/wavelength have different sensitivity to this ADI-to-AEI bias. Our experimental results show that the ADI-to-AEI overlay data bias can indeed be significantly improved by selecting the color/wavelength with minimum sensitivity to the asymmetry profile. These results make us believe that overlay metrology recipe setup is quite critical no matter for image-based overlay or diffraction-based overlay. Otherwise, problematic overlay data will be taken into APC feedback loop and lead to wrong overlay correction.
A case of anti-Jo1 myositis with pleural effusions and pericardial tamponade developing after exposure to a fermented Kombucha beverage.

The pathogenesis of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has been postulated to be an environmental trigger causing the expression of the disease in a genetically predisposed patient. We report a case of anti-Jo1 antibody-positive myositis which was associated with pleural effusions, pericardial effusion with tamponade, and ‘mechanic’s hands’, probably related to the consumption of a fermented Kombucha beverage. Kombucha ‘mushroom’, a symbiosis of yeast and bacteria, is postulated to be the trigger for our patient’s disease owing to the proximity of his symptoms to the consumption of the Kombucha beverage.
A state variable model for high strength polymers

Displacement controlled experiments on nylon 66, poly(etherether ketone), and poly(ether imide) at room temperature suggest that nonlinear elastcity is not a good model for these polymers. Rather, qualitative evidence is presented that a state variable model shows promise. In this model, the rate of deformation is the sum of the elastic and the inelastic rates of deformation. The elastic rate of deformation is given by an objective formulation of Hooke's law, and the inelastic deformation is an increasing function of the overstress, the difference between the Cauchy stress and the equilibrium stress. The equilibrium stress is a state variable, and represents the stress that can be sustained at rest following deformation. Load controlled tests, intended to verify or falsify the model, show that the creep rate at the same stress level can be different on loading and unloading, and that the creep rate need not increase with an increase in creep stress level. These anomalous results can easily be explained by the introduction of the overstress concept, and by proper evolution of the equilibrium stress. They confirm the usefulness of the overstress concept for the modeling of these polymers.
Minimal hierarchical analysis of global human Y-chromosome SNP diversity by PCR-RFLP

Phylogenetically informative binary polymorphisms on the Y-chromosome have become a standard source of markers for molecular anthropology studies. Although several analytical methods are currently available, most methodologies rely on specialized equipment or expensive reagents that research groups with a primarily anthropological focus often cannot afford. Here I present 15 Y-chro- mosome lineage assays based on a more widely accessible technique—Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In conjunction with eight pre-existing tests, these validated protocols allow the assignment of unknown men to every major branch of the global Y-chromosome tree, including the 18 haplogroups/paragroups defined by the Y-Chromosome Consor- tium. While not intended to supplant the high-throughput technologies adopted by advanced research units, these minimal protocols will allow smaller molecular anthropology groups to survey male vari- ation in a broader range of human populations, thereby furthering our understanding of global human Y-chromosome diversity.
Determination of Menadione in an Animal Feed Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and HPLC with Electrochemical Detector

Abstract Menadione (vitamin K3) is extracted from spiked rat chow using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide at 8000 psi and 60 degrees C. Quantitative extraction requires only 20 min. The extraction does not suffer from the problems associated with conventional solvent extraction of lipophilic materials from animal feeds. Menadione is determined in the extract, which does not require further cleanup, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reductive mode electrochemical detection at a silver electrode at -0.75 V vs. calomel. The minimum detectable quantity by the detector is 125 pg of menadione, and the response is linear over at least 4 orders of magnitude; however, the minimum quantity extractable is about 20 micrograms/g of feed. Repetitive extracts of a spiked feed sample over a five-day period show an average recovery of 90.5% with a relative standard deviation of 2.2% at the 1 mg/g level.
DNA ticketing theory of memory.

Contrary to usual opinions, it is possible to have a biochemically plausible theory in which memory is stored in coded form in the DNA of nerve cells.
How police organizational structure correlates with frontline officers’ attitudes toward corruption: a multilevel model

Police corruption is one of the most significant law enforcement issues to citizens, practitioners, and researchers. Prior research on the impact of police organizational structure on corruption has remained mostly descriptive or comparative. This paper examines the direct effect of supervisors’ tolerance of line officers’ misconduct and departmental deviant subculture on the extent of police corruption. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the current study reports that line officers’ attitudes toward corruption are highly influenced by their supervisors in the chain of command and deviant subculture. Implications and limitations are discussed.