cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Stroke in Suzhou

OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological characteristic and risk factors of stroke in Suzhou, and propose relevant measures of prevention and treatment. METHODS Multistage cluster random sampling was used and 30 578 persons over 20 years old were sampled to investigate the correlative risk factors. And also the incidence and mortality of stroke provided by chronic disease monitoring data of Suzhou in 2010 was analyzed. RESULTS The standardized incidence of stroke was 183.75/10 万, mortality rate was 59.29/10 万and morbidity was 1.49 percent. Incidence and morality risk of stroke was increased significantly with age. And no matter incidence and morbidity rate, male was higher than female and the difference were both significant( P0.01). But there was no difference between prevalence of stroke in urban and rural. By logistic regression, hypertension, diabetes, drinking and poor sleep quality were risk factors of stroke, while physical exercise was protective factor of stroke. CONCLUSION Comprehensive measures which is deal with risk factors should be carried out to prevent and control stroke.
Anterior Retroperitoneal Spine Exposure following Prior Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Background We describe successful anterior retroperitoneal spine exposure to facilitate anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in a patient with a prior endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods A 74-year-old male with an extensive spine surgical history presented with progressive neurogenic claudication and paresthesia involving both feet. In addition, his surgical history was notable for an EVAR performed elsewhere 5 years earlier, with subsequent right renal stent placement for encroachment of the right renal artery. Diagnostic evaluation identified severe L3-4 and L4-5 canal stenosis, and a 48 × 36-mm aneurysm sac with a type II endoleak. Revision L3–L5 fusion from an anterior approach with vascular surgery assistance was recommended. Results The retroperitoneum was accessed through a left paramedian abdominal incision. The abdominal aortic aneurysm sac was visualized and noted to be nonpulsatile. The distal aorta and left iliac vessels were dissected and retracted medially to facilitate anterior exposure of the L3-4 and L4-5 disk spaces. Successful ALIF of the L3-5 vertebrae was then performed. Retractors were removed and the aortoiliac vessels were carefully returned to anatomic position. The aneurysm sac remained nonpulsatile, with normal pulses in the iliac arteries. Postoperative imaging demonstrated stable appearance of aortic stent graft. At 1-year follow-up, the patient reports complete resolution of symptoms and imaging demonstrates a patent aortic stent graft with a stable type II endoleak. Conclusions Widespread application of ALIF will inevitably include an increasing subgroup of patients with previous EVAR. Such patients require thorough clinical and radiographic perioperative considerations for the access surgeon.
Constructing Utility Model Patent Systems: Lessons from Europe and China

This article provides a comparative analysis of different legal and institutional aspects of the utility model patent systems in Austria, China, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, and discusses relevant experiences from Belgium and the Netherlands. It provides insights for policymakers responding to challenges in their own utility model patent systems and those considering instituting such a system for the first time.
INFLUENCE OF INJURY ON DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN RUNNERS.

Background Injury has been linked with altered postural control in active populations. The association between running injury and dynamic postural control has not been examined.
SReplay: Deterministic Sub-Group Replay for One-Sided Communication

Replay of parallel execution is required by HPC debuggers and resilience mechanisms. Up-to-date, there is no existing deterministic replay solution for one-sided communication. The essential problem is that the readers of updated data do not have any information on which remote threads produced the updates, the conventional happens-before based ordering tracking techniques are challenging to work at scale. This paper presents SReplay, the first software tool for sub-group deterministic record and replay for one-sided communication. SReplay allows the user to specify and record the execution of a set of threads of interest (sub-group), and then deterministically replays the execution of the sub-group on a local machine without starting the remaining threads. SReplay ensures sub-group determinism using a hybrid data- and order-replay technique. SReplay maintains scalability by a combination of local logging and approximative event order tracking within sub-group. Our evaluation on deterministic and nondeterministic UPC programs shows that SReplay introduces an overhead ranging from 1.3x to 29x, when running on 1,024 cores and tracking up to 16 threads.
Small molecule non-peptide inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E: Structure-activity relationship and a pharmacophore model.

Abstract Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most poisonous biological substance known to humans. They cause flaccid paralysis by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Here, we report a number of small molecule non-peptide inhibitors of BoNT serotype E. The structure–activity relationship and a pharmacophore model are presented. Although non-peptidic in nature, these inhibitors mimic key features of the uncleavable substrate peptide Arg-Ile-Met-Glu (RIME) of the SNAP-25 protein. Among the compounds tested, most of the potent inhibitors bear a zinc-chelating moiety connected to a hydrophobic and aromatic moiety through a carboxyl or amide linker. All of them show low micromolar IC50 values.
Stereotactic localization using fast spin-echo imaging in functional disorders.

Fast Spin-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging facilitates multiplanar target and trajectory selection in functional disorders by rapidly delineating gray matter, white matter, vascular, and ventricular structures. Errors due to anatomic variation or co-existing lesions can be avoided as are movement artifacts. Although not a substitute for physiologic target corroboration, the method facilitates safety and efficacy of “functional” stereotactic procedures.
Assessing Politicized Sexual Orientation Identity: Validating the Queer Consciousness Scale

Building on psychological theories of motivation for collective action, we introduce a new individual difference measure of queer consciousness, defined as a politicized collective identity around sexual orientation. The Queer Consciousness Scale (QCS) consists of 12 items measuring five aspects of a politicized queer identity: sense of common fate, power discontent, system blame, collective orientation, and cognitive centrality. In four samples of adult women and men of varied sexual orientations, the QCS showed good test-retest and Cronbach's reliability and excellent known-groups and predictive validity. Specifically, the QCS was positively correlated with identification as a member of the LGBTQ community, political liberalism, personal political salience, and LGBTQ activism and negatively correlated with right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. QCS mediated relationships between several individual difference variables and gay rights activism and can be used with both LGBTQ people and allies.
Ant-Colony Optimization Based In-Network Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

In-network data aggregation is an important technique for data collection in wireless sensor networks. It improves energy efficiency and alleviates congestive routing traffic by eliminating data redundancy in the message forwarding process. Ant-colony aggregation is a distributed algorithm that provides an intrinsic way of exploring the search space to optimize settings for optimal data aggregation. This paper aims to refine the heuristic function and the aggregation node selection method to maximize energy efficiency and to extend network lifetime. Two proposed algorithms are shown to yield longer maximum lifetime than the conventional algorithm with the same hop-count delay. One of the proposed algorithms is shown to have improved scalability than the conventional algorithm.
Crystal structure of (2,2'-bipyrid-yl)[2,6-bis-(1-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine]-chlorido-iridium(III) tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate.

The title complex compound, [Ir(C27H29N5)Cl(C10H8N2)](CF3SO3)2, was synthesized for a study of iridium(III)/periodate redox systems in water. The coordination geometry of the complex can be best described as distorted octa­hedral, with an r.m.s. deviation of 8.8 (8)% from ideal octa­hedral rectangular geometry. In the crystal, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F inter­actions between the complex cation and the tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate anions are observed, as well as a C—H⋯Cl inter­molecular inter­action between neighboring complex cations. In addition, the benzimidazole ring systems display parallel-displaced π–π stacking with centroid–centroid distances of 3.585 (3)–3.907 (3) A. One of the two tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate anions is disordered over two orientations with an occupancy ratio of 0.582 (6):0.418 (6). The title complex was characterized using FT–IR, cyclic voltammetry/rotating disc electrode polarography, fluorescence spectrometry, high resolution mass spectrometry, CHN elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
TGF-β in Skin Cancer and Fibrosis

Among all three isoforms of the TGF-β ligand, TGF-β1 is the predominant isoform in the skin. In normal skin, canonical TGF-β signaling components, i.e., TGF-β receptors and signaling Smads, are broadly and highly expressed, whereas TGF-β ligands are expressed at very low levels. These expression patterns determine that the TGF-β signaling input to the skin is low under normal conditions but high once TGF-β ligands are upregulated under disease conditions. TGF-β1 is a potent growth inhibitor of epidermal keratinocytes, which dictates its tumor suppressive effect in early stages of skin cancer. However, cancer cells lose TGF-β-induced growth inhibition at late stages, and TGF-β-induced angiogenesis and skin inflammation create an environment favorable for skin cancer progression and metastasis. In fibrotic skin diseases, TGF-β plays a key role in activating fibroblast proliferation and stimulating the production of extracellular matrix proteins. Also, TGF-β affects many aspects of skin wound healing and in turn influences cutaneous scarring after skin damage. Fully understanding the mechanisms of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and fibrotic diseases will help design novel strategies in treating skin diseases.
Building Better Bridges into STEM: A Synthesis of 25 Years of Literature on STEM Summer Bridge Programs

This review of 46 reports on 30 unique science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) bridge programs published over the past 25 years notes the characteristics and goals of each program ...
Histology of the Ovary of the Laying Hen (Gallus domesticus)

The laying hen (Gallus domesticus) is a robust animal model for epithelial ovarian cancer. The use of animal models is critical in identifying early disease markers and developing and testing chemotherapies. We describe the microscopic characteristics of the normally functioning laying hen ovary and proximal oviduct to establish baselines from which lesions associated with ovarian cancer can be more readily identified. Ovaries and oviducts were collected from 18-month-old laying hens (n = 18) and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections were examined by light microscopy. Both post-ovulatory follicular regression and atresia of small follicles produce remnant clusters of vacuolated cells with no histological evidence that scar tissue persists. Infiltrates of heterophils are associated with atresia of small follicles, a relationship not previously documented in laying hen ovaries. Because these tissues can be mistaken for cancerous lesions, we present a detailed histological description of remnant Wolffian tissues in the laying hen ovary. Immunohistochemical staining for pancytokeratin produced a positive response in ovarian surface epithelium and staining for vimentin produced a positive response in granulosa cells of follicles. Epithelial cells lining glands of the remnant epoophoron had a positive response to both pancytokeratin and vimentin, a result also observed in women.
Abstract PD2-09: Association of quantitative MRI features with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and treatment response prediction in HER2 positive subtype of breast cancer

Objectives: To evaluate associations between qualitative and quantitative MRI features and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) levels in HER2+ subtype of breast cancer, as potential prognostic non-invasive imaging markers for treatment response prediction. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of breast cancer patients who had MRI at staging, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2015 was performed. BI-RADS lexicon was used for lesion evaluation. Demographic, imaging, and pathologic data including TIL levels were documented. Quantitative MRI texture analysis was performed using 3 types of textural features (TF): local binary patterns (LBP), gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and threshold adjacency statistics (TAS). Associations between MRI quantitative TF, TIL levels, and pathologic complete response (pCR) were evaluated by Pearson correlation and logistic regression. Results: There were 50 HER2+ patients (median age 51 years, range 29-59) with pretreatment MRI and TIL status for analysis; 27 patients had pCR at surgery. Qualitative MRI analysis showed that mass rim-enhancement (p Conclusion: Quantitative tumor texture analysis based on statistical modeling showed specific nine TF indicative of tumor heterogeneity associated with pCR; and seven TF indicative of increased heterogeneity, complexity, and entropy associated with high TIL levels in HER2+ breast cancer. Analysis of associations of MRI quantitative TF with pCR and TIL in HER2+ breast cancer may help to develop prognostic non-invasive imaging markers for treatment response prediction. Citation Format: Rauch GM, Zhu H, Li H, Adrada BE, Santiago L, Candelaria RP, Wang H, Leung J, Litton J, Wu Y, Murthy R, Mittendorf EA, Yang W. Association of quantitative MRI features with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and treatment response prediction in HER2 positive subtype of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD2-09.
Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is associated with impairments in both spontaneous and deliberative moral judgments

Abstract Implicit moral evaluations—spontaneous, unintentional judgments about the moral status of actions or persons—are thought to play a pivotal role in moral experience, suggesting a need for research to model these moral evaluations in clinical populations. Prior research reveals that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a critical area underpinning affect and morality, and patients with vmPFC lesions show abnormalities in moral judgment and moral behavior. We use indirect measurement and multinomial modeling to understand differences in implicit moral evaluations among patients with vmPFC lesions. Our model quantifies multiple processes of moral judgment: implicit moral evaluations in response to distracting moral transgressions (Unintentional Judgment), accurate moral judgments about target actions (Intentional Judgment), and a directional tendency to judge actions as morally wrong (Response Bias). Compared to individuals with non-vmPFC brain damage and neurologically healthy comparisons, patients with vmPFC lesions showed a dual deficit in processes of moral judgment. First, patients with vmPFC lesions showed reduced Unintentional Judgment about moral transgressions, but not about non-moral negative affective distracters. Second, patients with vmPFC lesions showed reduced Intentional Judgment about target actions. These findings highlight the utility of a formal modeling approach in moral psychology, revealing a dual deficit in multiple component processes of moral judgment among patients with vmPFC lesions.
Anwendungen der Molekülabsorptionsspektroskopie im UV/sichtbaren Bereich (UV/VIS)

Absorptionsmessungen auf der Grundlage ultravioaletter und sichtbarer Strahlung sind weitverbreitet zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung moalekularer Spezies. Einige dieser Anwendungen sollen in diesem Kapitel besprochen werden.1
Brown adipocyte activation is characterized by a wave of mitochondrial fission and depolarization that is dependent on β3 receptor stimulation and Drp1, and is characterized by complete, but reversible, arrest of fusion

Background and aims: Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that frequently undergo fusion and fission. Mitochondrial dynamics has been shown to be essential for a variety of cellular functions and i ...
On the supply of building blocks

This study addresses the issue of building-block supply in the initial population. Facetwise models for supply of a single building block as well as for supply of all schemata in a partition have been developed. An estimate for the population size required to ensure the presence of all raw building blocks has been derived using these facetwise models. The facetwise models and the population-sizing estimate are verified with computational results.
The effect of a folic acid antagonist, A-methopterin, on the level of the circulating eosinophils in humans.

1. Daily eosinophil counts were obtained on a group of 10 normal individuals. This control group showed a moderate daily fluctuation in the count, with only 1 exception. 2. Daily eosinophil counts were obtained on 16 chronically ill or convalescent patients to whom A-Methopterin was administered. The eosinophil curves of 10 of these patients showed a fall of over 50 per cent at or prior to A-Methopterin toxicity. In 1 case, the count increased then decreased at toxicity to the initial level. In 3 cases definite evidence of toxicity was not demonstrable and the eosinophil level did not decrease. 3. Six patients showed a fall in their eosinophil counts before clinical evidence of A-Methopterin toxicity. Three patients showed a fall in their eosinophil counts of 75 per cent at the time of A-Methopterin toxicity. 4. Twelve of 16 cases (75 per cent), to whom A-Methopterin was administered showed definite falls in the curves of daily eosinophil counts. That cortisone and the adrenocorticotropic hormone do likewise suggests, but is not evidence, that the mechanisms are related.
The Effects of Economic and Social Bonds with Clients on Tax Professionals' Recommendations

This study provides new insights about how tax professionals' economic and social relationships with clients separately and jointly affect tax professionals' propensity to recommend aggressive tax ...
Evidence for Selective Electron-Phonon Scattering in the A-15 Superconductors Nb3Sn, Nb3Sb, and V3Si

Analysis of existing data for the electrical resistivity of single crystals and polycrystals of Nb3Sn, Nb3Sb, and V3Si shows that over a wide temperature range the data can be fit by an empirical formula ρ(T) = ρo+ b1T + d1exp(-To/T), where ρo, ρo and To are adjustable parameters. The value of b1 is sufficiently small for Nb3Sn that for Tc ≤ T ≤. 100 K the temperature dependence can be described by an exponential alone. The characteristic energies To are 90 K, 210 K, and 175 K for Nb3Sn, Nb3Sb, and V3Si, respectively. An explanation advanced by Milewits, Williamson, and Taub for an exponential term at low temperature based on selective electron-phonon scattering is reviewed. An analysis of the resistivity of Nb3Sb measured by Fisk and Webb suggests that a crucial test for this explanation would be provided by neutron scattering experiments on this compound.
Software as Capital: An Economic Perspective on Software Engineering by Howard Baetjer, Jr. Piscataway, NJ, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1998, 194 pages. ISBN 0-8186-7779-1

H oward Baetjer has written a book that will be of interest to a number of distinct audiences. First, this book will interest specialists in the computer field, especially those involved in software development. They will find here linkages from the technicalities of software engineering to the broader economic context. They will find important insights into the value dimensions of software components and perhaps they will be stimulated to think more deeply about the social institutions in which they work and how they may be improved. Second, this book will be of interest to curious lay readers interested in the history of the software industry and the evolution of software generally. Third, economists in general will find this book full of keen insights applicable to a number of subfields in their discipline. And finally, fourth, this book is an application of market process capital theory and is of particular interest to specialists in that field. It is primarily from this fourth perspective that I derived particular pleasure in reading the book. Baetjer makes use of the theory of capital as developed in the Austrian tradition, by Bohm-Bawerk, Hayek and Lachmann. “What is true of software is true of capital goods in general” (11). And what is true for capital goods in general is true for software. In this way software is seen both as an analogy for capital in general and as part of capital in general. As an analogy it is very precise. Individual software products embody knowledge in the same way as all capital goods embody knowledge. As such they represent the fruits of roundabout methods of production. “Capital goods are knowledge, knowledge in the peculiar state of being embodied in such a form that it is ready-to-hand for use in production. The knowledge aspect of capital goods is the fundamental aspect. Any physical aspect is incidental” (10). So capital goods in general can be thought of as “embodied knowledge” that relate to each other much in the same way that individual software components relate. In spinning out this analogy, Baetjer provides a very accessible and complete introduction to the market process theory of capital, notably that of Lachmann. Among the topics elucidated are capital heterogeneity (which in this context implies knowledge heterogeneity), complementarity, personal, tacit and intersubjective knowledge, the role of social institutions, the meaning of capital maintenance in a changing world, and the crucial relationship
Probing activated radioprotection of simple hydrophilic phosphonic acids in aqueous solution

Abstract Previous investigation into the radiation chemistry of the ligand octylphenyl-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) and its analogues demonstrated their ability to undergo activated radioprotection in an organic solvent – a feature most advantageous for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing scenarios. This phenomenon was dependent on these organophosphorus compounds forming a sacrificial complex involving extracted nitric acid and the presence of an adjacent phenylphosphine oxide motif in the molecule. However, the hydrophobic nature of these compounds prevented elucidation of which components were essential for activated radioprotection; for example, does the phenylphosphine oxide motif only require protonation, or simply the presence of complexed nitrate anion(s), or both? To begin to address these questions, we report on the effect of dissolved nitrate on the radiation chemistry of a series of simple hydrophilic phosphonic acids (methyl, ethyl, phenyl, and benzyl) in aqueous solution. An extensive suite of gamma irradiations supported by high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques was used to demonstrate that all four compounds were unable to undergo activated radioprotection. Although some nitrate protection was observed, this was attributed to changes in the available suite of radiolysis products, and not to the formation of nitrate-phosphonic acid sacrificial complexes. The absence of activated radioprotection and evidence for the formation of a [PhPA•NO3−] complex further supports the necessity of complex formation to activate the radioprotection mechanism.
Abstract MP20: Evening Chronotype is Associated With Poor Cardiovascular Health and Adverse Health Behaviors in a Diverse Population of Women

Background: Chronotype is the behavioral manifestation of an individual’s innate circadian rhythm. Evening chronotype (i.e. being a “night owl”) is linked to elevated chronic disease and mortality ...
SRPRISM (Single Read Paired Read Indel Substitution Minimizer): an efficient aligner for assemblies with explicit guarantees

Background Alignment of sequence reads generated by next-generation sequencing is an integral part of most pipelines analyzing next-generation sequencing data. A number of tools designed to quickly align a large volume of sequences are already available. However, most existing tools lack explicit guarantees about their output. They also do not support searching genome assemblies, such as the human genome assembly GRCh38, that include primary and alternate sequences and placement information for alternate sequences to primary sequences in the assembly. Findings This paper describes SRPRISM (Single Read Paired Read Indel Substitution Minimizer), an alignment tool for aligning reads without splices. SRPRISM has features not available in most tools, such as (i) support for searching genome assemblies with alternate sequences, (ii) partial alignment of reads with a specified region of reads to be included in the alignment, (iii) choice of ranking schemes for alignments, and (iv) explicit criteria for search sensitivity. We compare the performance of SRPRISM to GEM, Kart, STAR, BWA-MEM, Bowtie2, Hobbes, and Yara using benchmark sets for paired and single reads of lengths 100 and 250 bp generated using DWGSIM. SRPRISM found the best results for most benchmark sets with error rate of up to ∼2.5% and GEM performed best for higher error rates. SRPRISM was also more sensitive than other tools even when sensitivity was reduced to improve run time performance. Conclusions We present SRPRISM as a flexible read mapping tool that provides explicit guarantees on results.
Performance of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System in Patients With Patellofemoral Instability

Background:The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed to improve patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and administration through a computer adaptive tes...
AASM takes the pulse of the sleep field and responds to COVID-19.

CITATIONRamar K. AASM takes the pulse of the sleep field and responds to COVID-19. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(11):1939.–1942.
The organ procurement costs of expanding deceased donor organ acceptance criteria: Evidence from a cost function model

A potential solution to the deceased donor organ shortage is to expand donor acceptability criteria. The procurement cost implications of using nonstandard donors is unknown. Using 5 years of US organ procurement organization (OPO) data, we built a cost function model to make cost projections: the total cost was the dependent variable; production outputs, including the number of donors and organs procured, were the independent variables. In the model, procuring one kidney or procuring both kidneys from double/en bloc transplantation from a single-organ donor resulted in a marginal cost of $55 k (95% confidence interval [CI] $28 k, $99 k) per kidney, and procuring only the liver from a single-organ donor results in a marginal cost of $41 k (95% CI $12 k, $69 k) per liver. Procuring two kidneys for two candidates from a donor lowered the marginal cost to $36 k (95% CI $22 k, $66 k) per kidney, and procuring two kidneys and a liver lowers the marginal cost to $24 k (95% CI $17 k, $45 k) per organ. Economies of scale were observed, where high OPO volume was correlated with lower costs. Despite higher cost per organ than for standard donors, kidney transplantation from nonstandard donors remained cost-effective based on contemporary US data.
A Quantum Mechanics Conservation of Energy Equation for Stationary States with Real Valued Wave Functions

Many-body quantum-mechanical stationary states that have real valued wavefunctions are shown to satisfy a classical conservation of energy equation with a kinetic energy function. The terms in the equation depend on the probability distribution, and, in addition, pressure and velocity functions, but these functions also depend on the probability distribution. There are two possible directions of the velocity that satisfy the energy equation. A linear momentum function is defined that integrates to zero, and this property is consistent with the expectation value of the linear momentum for stationary states with real-valued wave functions. The energy equation is integrated to obtain a version of the well known energy equation involving reduced density matrices, where the kinetic energy functional of the one-particle density matrix is replaced by a function of the electron density and a velocity function. Also, the noninteracting kinetic energy functional from the Hohenberg--Kohn theorem is given as an explicit functional of the orbital densities. For the purpose of describing the behavior of particles in a stationary state, a model based on the energy equation is constructed. The model is evaluated for the two different velocity directions using the grounds state of the particle in a one-dimensional box and the hydrogen atom. For one velocity direction, equations of motions with contradictory properties are obtained, and, in the other, an unstable system is found. A discussion is given with suggestions of additional elements that might improve the model.
Islet tumors

Patients with islet tumors of the pancreas should undergo thorough biochemical evaluation for diagnosis, followed by radiologic and endoscopic localization and, whenever possible, extirpative surgery. Due to real potential for malignancy, medication cannot substitute for operative therapy. Testing for multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1) should be performed preoperatively, since management differs considerably in affected patients. After resection, long-term monitoring for islet tumor recurrence includes hormonal testing and abdominal imaging. Metastasectomy is appropriate for resectable disease or disabling hormonal symptoms. For those with inoperable metastases, intrahepatic chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy have good-to-excellent response rates.
Firearm Ownership, Defensive Gun Usage, and Support for Gun Control: Does Knowledge Matter?

Recent incidents of gun violence have raised questions about public access to “military-style” firearms and the need for more-restrictive forms of gun control. Proponents of more-restrictive forms of gun regulation argue that such measures will help combat the disproportionately high rates of gun crime in the United States. Opponents believe that such measures infringe upon constitutional rights and hinder law-abiding citizens' abilities to adequately defend themselves. This project explores the characteristics of gun owners living in Pennsylvania and public perceptions of three different categories of gun control. Results indicate that most gun owners have received some form of training and take appropriate safety precautions with their firearms. Further, 1 in 4 gun owners reported using their firearm in self-defense at some point in their life. Regarding gun control, most participants favored strategies intended to keep guns away from dangerous and “at risk” people, such as required background checks for all types of gun purchases, mental health screenings, and mandatory gun education. However, most participants opposed complete firearm bans. Among those who are the least supportive of such polices are those who are the most knowledgeable about gun crime, gun legislation, and gun functioning. Policy implications are discussed within.
Theta correspondence and Hecke operators relative to a quadratic extension

Introduction. Let E/F be a totally real quadratic extension of a totally real algebraic number field. To a suitably defined automorphic form h defined with respect to a quaternion algebra BE over E, we can associate a Hilbert modular form I(z, h) defined with respect to the field F . Such a lifting has been explicitly considered in the author’s recent paper [D99], via a convolution with a theta function, and the Fourier coefficients of the theta lift have been computed in terms of certain periods of the original form. The purpose of the current paper is to establish an explicit formula relating the actions of the Hecke operators on the original automorphic form and its theta lift. This result is analogous to theorems of Shimura in, for example, [Sh82] and [Sh88], where he has shown commutativity properties with respect to these Hecke operators. In addition to their inherent interest, these commutativity results are necessary in obtaining algebraicity results concerning Shimura’s period invariants as well as certain special L-values which naturally arise. The reader can consult Shimura’s [Sh88] for further motivation in this regard. See also [Y]. It is the author’s hope to discuss applications in this direction in the near future. Since it is essential for our purposes to consider everything explicitly, the quantity of technical details is considerable. In the interest of space, and also in order not to obscure essential ideas, a large amount of computation has been suppressed. Instead we have endeavored to point out key ingredients in the computations and to give precise references. It is then hoped that
Module Structures on the Hochschild and Cyclic Homology of Graded Rings

Module structures are defined on Hochschild homology, cyclic homology and Kahler differentials for graded algebras over a commutative ring k. The ring of operators is the big Witt ring of R, or a larger ring constructed in this paper, the ring Car f of finite Cartier operators. Elementary properties of the ring Car f and its modules are also discussed.
Preparing Teachers to Teach Science and Mathematics with Technology

Oregon State University has developed a teacher preparation model for preparing teachers to teach with technology. Student teachers develop extensive plans for implementing hands-on technology activities integrated with teaching science or math content. Following instruction, their reflections are directed toward student learning of science and math with technology. Does the technology support or hinder conceptual development? Ultimately, they recognise enhanced instructional outcomes related to the science and/or math of the technology. Recognition of this key factor enhances their understanding of integrating technology in a manner that extends student learning beyond traditional science or math outcomes.
Receptor Docking Sites for G-protein βγ Subunits IMPLICATIONS FOR SIGNAL REGULATION

We report the direct interaction of Gbetagamma with the third intracellular (i3) loop of the M2- and M3-muscarinic receptors (MR) and the importance of this interaction relative to effective phosphorylation of the receptor subdomain. The i3 loop of the M2- and the M3-MR were expressed in bacteria and purified as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins for utilization as an affinity matrix and to generate substrate for receptor subdomain phosphorylation. In its inactive heterotrimeric state stabilized by GDP, brain G-protein did not associate with the i3 peptide affinity matrix. However, stimulation of subunit dissociation by GTPgammaS/Mg2+ resulted in the retention of Gbetagamma, but not the Galpha subunit, by the M2- and M3-MR i3 peptide resin. Purified Gbetagamma bound to the M3-MR i3 peptide with an apparent affinity similar to that observed for the Gbetagamma binding domain of the receptor kinase GRK2 and Bruton tyrosine kinase, whereas transducin betagamma was not recognized by the M3-MR i3 peptide. Effective phosphorylation of the M3-MR peptide by GRK2 required both Gbetagamma and lipid as is the case for the intact receptor. Incubation of purified GRK2 with the i3 peptide in the presence of Gbetagamma resulted in the formation of a functional ternary complex in which Gbetagamma served as an adapter protein. Such a complex provides a mechanism for specific spatial translocation of GRK2 within the cell positioning the enzyme on its substrate, the activated receptor. The apparent ability of Gbetagamma to act as a docking protein may also serve to provide an interface for this class of membrane-bound receptors to an expanded array of signaling pathways.
A 0.8 V ultra-low power CMOS operational amplifier design

In this paper, a low-power (/spl plusmn/0.4V) operational amplifier is designed in a standard CMOS process. The amplifier has a dc gain of 7000 (77 dB), and bandwidth 30 kHz. The design incorporates a low voltage current mirror with a forward bias between source and substrate of the MOSFET to reduce the threshold voltage.
Professors and Virtual World Professionalism: A Qualitative Study

Just as there are now questions about professionalism and professional boundaries in social networking environments such as Facebook or LinkedIn, there are also questions about what it means to be professional in virtual worlds like Second Life (SL). In an effort to understand professors’ lived experiences with professionalism in virtual worlds, specifically in SL, I conducted a qualitative study: a hermeneutic phenomenology. Participants included 10 professors from various countries, and they were assigned pseudonyms for this study. The findings indicate that avatar attire is an important aspect of professionalism for many professors, and professors were able to maintain professionalism in their virtual world classrooms with both human and non-human avatars.
Studies in the diabetic mutant mouse. 3. Physiological factors associated with alterations in beta cell proliferation.

Beta cell replication was studied in normal (C 57 BL/Ks) and diabetic mutant (C 57 BL/Ks-db/db) mice following thymidine-3H administration. The specific activity of DNA of isolated islets (DPM/μg islet DNA) was used as an index of proliferative activity and correlated with labeling determined by radioautography. Although thymidine-3H incorporation in islets of prehyperglycemic 5 to 6 week old mutants was limited, it was significantly greater than that in normal mice. With the elevation of blood glucose values, incorporation rose sharply, reaching a maximum level above 130 mg glucose/100 ml blood. Sustained, severe hyperglycemia subsequently correlated with a decline in islet DNA synthesis. Food restriction early in the syndrome reduced hyperglycemia and resulted in low incorporation of label. Animals refed ad lib for periods of 1, 2, or 3 weeks showed significant increases in labeling, with maximal values after 1 week of refeeding. Electron microscopic radioautographs of the islets revealed labeled beta cells but no labeled alpha cells, suggesting that proliferative activity is predominantly restricted to the beta cell population.
The united nations as history

(1995). The united nations as history. Journal of Area Studies: Vol. 3, 1945 ‐ Fifty Years On, pp. 68-85.
Transport protocol parameters in a multiple LAN environment

A simulation model of a transport protocol operating in multiple local area networks, inter-connected with bridge stations and using broadcast based random access, has been constructed and used to study the performance resulting from parameter variations. Some of the transport protocol parameters examined include the timeout interval, the window size, and the maximum number of packet retransmissions. These transport protocol options are examined with respect to several network variables such as offered load, a limited number of receive buffers, buffer holding, and processing times. The simulation model structure is described and some results on end-to-end message delays are presented. >
Micromechanics-based estimates on the macroscopic fracture toughness of micro-particulate composites

Abstract We investigate the macroscopic fracture toughness of multi-phase materials within the framework of fracture mechanics and micromechanics. Starting with the Eshelby inclusion problem, we provide estimates on the critical energy release. We take into account the elastic and fracture properties of the micro-constituents, the microstructure and the phase volume fractions by considering three schemes: dilute, Mori–Tanaka and generalized self-consistent. In turn, the theoretical model is validated by scratch tests experiments conducted on glass-reinforced polymer composites. We also apply our theoretical framework to porous clay-based ceramics. In both cases, the agreement between experiments and theory is excellent.
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Single-Step and Multi-Step Drug-Selected Cancer Cells

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the key determinants in chemotherapeutic success of cancer patients. Often, acquired resistance is mediated by the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters. To study the mechanisms involved in the MDR phenotype, investigators have generated a variety of in vitro cell culture models using both multi-step and single-step drug selections. Sublines produced from multi-step selections have led to the discovery of several crucial drug transporters including ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2. Additionally, a number of mechanisms causing gene overexpression have been elucidated. To more closely mimic in vivo conditions, investigators have also established MDR sublines with single-step drug selections. Here, we examine some of the multi-step and single-step selected cell lines generated to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the development of MDR in cancer cells.
Coverant control of self-evaluative responses in the treatment of depression: A new use for an old principle

Homme's extension of Premack's Differential Probability Hypothesis to the control of coverants is described as it was applied to the treatment of depression, and its use with nondepressive patients is illustrated. Comparison is made of this technique with the ISI Technique of Susskind, and it is suggested that both techniques might profitably be used serially with severely depressed patients.
The effects of scopolamine and pilocarpine upon the aversive threshold of the rat.

Abstract The analgesic potency of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.125, 0.250, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) and pilocarpine nitrate (1.25, 2.50, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg) were measured in the rat using the spatial preference technique. Only pilocarpine nitrate in doses at or above 2.50 mg/kg significantly raised the aversive threshold. These data were interpreted to indicate that cholinergic systems may be involved in the production of analgesia in the rat. The present results may be useful in interpreting the behavioral effects of cholinergic drugs administered to animals that are under the control of aversive schedules of reinforcement.
Interfacial Behaviour of Complex Hydrocarbon Fluids at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures

Interfacial tension is unique in the sense that it relates to the interface between two immiscible fluid phases. Hence, interfacial tension between the fluid phases can be used to infer a great deal of information about phase equilibria such as solubility, miscibility and mass transfer interactions between the two bulk fluid phases in contact. In this paper, we examine the utility of interfacial tension to characterize miscibility and mass transfer mechanisms in complex hydrocarbon fluids at elevated pressures and temperatures. This study also provides a new method to estimate the dynamic interfacial tension and miscibility by incorporating counter-directional diffusivities into the traditional Parachor model.
On Synchronizing with Web Service Evolution

To catch up with today's fast changing business markets, web services has never slowed down its paces for evolution. As a consequence, service consumers have to employ in-time upgrades to guarantee continuous business integrity and avoid unnecessary runtime errors in their IT systems. However, a new web service release can involve hundreds of changes, and thus it is non-trivial for the service consumer to rapidly track and adopt relevant changes. This paper proposes a framework for facilitating the service consumer to keep synchronized with the web service evolution. On the service side, a Service Invocation Monitor is installed to monitor the interaction history of the client, a Service Delta Analyzer exports the service delta into well-formatted document, and a Release Note Customizeris configured to customize the full release note produced using the monitored interaction history and exported service delta. On the client side, the Consumer Code Customizer is used by the consumer developer to highlight the code fragments to be changed and provide facilitation linkages between the code fragments and the customized release note. An example is shown to demonstrate the usefulness of our proposal.
Prognostic model to identify patients with myelofibrosis at the highest risk of transformation to acute myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Background Some patients with myelofibrosis (MF) progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Current prognostic tools were not devised to assess risk of AML transformation. Methods Multivariate analysis in 649 patients followed for a median of 19 months (range, 1-180 months). Results We identified age > 60 ( P = .004; hazard ratio [HR], 1.63), platelets 9 /L ( P 10% ( P = .002; HR, 2.18), high-risk karyotype ( P P 1 ( P = .003; HR, 1.47), lactate dehydrogenase > 2000 U/L ( P P P = .005; HR, 1.41) as independent poor prognostic factors for survival. Using the same baseline variables we identified bone marrow blasts >10% and worst karyotype as independent risk factors for AML transformation. Patients with 1 or both of these risk factors (n = 80; 12%) had a median survival of 10 months and a 1-year AML transformation rate of 13% (2% if none of those factors, P = .001). Conclusion We have identified risk factors that predict high risk of transformation from MF to AML.
Liposome-Encapsulated Amphotericin B for Treatment of Disseminated Candidiasis in Neutropenic Mice

The relative efficacies of free amphotericin B (Amp B) and liposome-encapsulated Amp B (L-AmpB) in the treatment of established Candida albicans infection in mice rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide were studied. AmpB was entrapped in multilamellar liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol in a molar ratio of 7:3. Infected mice treated with single doses of 3 mg L-AmpB/kg of body weight had an increased survival time compared with those injected with either single (dose, 0.8 mg/kg) or multiple doses (dose, 0.8 mg/kg daily for five days) of free AmpB. When treatment was delayed beyond three days postinfection, neither single nor multiple doses of free AmpB resulted in increased survival, whereas treatment with single-dose L-AmpB (dose, 4 mg/kg) showed efficacy when delayed as much as four days postinfection. Five days postinfection only higher doses (dose, 5.6 mg-11.2 mg/kg) of L-AmpB improved survival time and the renal impairment present in the infected animals. These data provided a rational basis for using high-dose L-AmpB to treat fungal diseases in humans, particularly in neutropenic patients.
Is the New England Urban Tax Rate Too High

Abstract. Whether urban property tax rates in New England are too high is a matter of proper comparison. 20 cities in the 100,000 to 200,000 class size ate compared in respect of urban financial structure, economic characteristics, and tax rates to determine in what sense taxes could be said to be high. Average tax bills, measures of tax burden and dependence on revenue sharing were found to be significantly higher in New England. This was true despite the evidence that these cities–selected to be representative of many regions in the nation–were essentially alike. One emergent conclusion is the difference in tax rates reflects an actual difference in demand. That difference seems traceable to the one outstanding difference, the density of settlement.