cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Sequential Optimization Algorithm Using Logarithmic Barriers: Applications to Structural Optimization

A sequential approximation algorithm is presented here that is particularly suited for problems in engineering design and structural optimization, where the number of variables is very large and function and sensitivity evaluations are computationally expensive. A sequence of sub-problems are generated using a linear approximation for the objective function and setting move limits on the variables using a barrier method. These sub-problems are strictly convex and computation per iteration is significantly reduced by not solving the sub-problems exactly. Instead a few Newton-steps are taken for each subproblem generated. A criterion, for setting the move limit, is described that reduces or eliminates step size reduction during line search. The method was found to perform well for unconstrained and linearly constrained optimization problems. It is particularly suitable for application to design of optimal shape and topology of structures by minimizing their compliance since it requires very few function evaluations, does not require the hessian of the objective function and evaluates its gradient only once for every subproblem generated.
Coherent precipitation of M2C carbides in AF1410 steel

Abstract The effect of elastic coherency on the composition and stoichiometry of M 2 C carbide precipitates ( M ≡ Cr , Mo , Fe ) in AF1410 steel is analyzed utilizing thermodynamic conditions for mechanical, chemical and interfacial equilibrium between the ferrite (tempered martensite) and the M 2 C phase. An equilibrium calculation at the standard tempering temperature of 783 K predicts a substantial deviation from stoichiometry and a measurable solubility of iron in the M 2 C phase, both of which have been verified experimentally. It is shown that the carbide composition trajectory during precipitation is such to approach the incoherent composition, following a direction of increasing carbon, decreasing iron and increasing chromium.
Posterior petrous face meningiomas.

Abstract Objective: To define the clinical presentation, treatment options, and outcomes for a subset of meningiomas of the posterior fossa skull base that arise from the posterior petrous face between the region of the porus acousticus and the sigmoid sinus. Study Design and Setting: A retrospective chart review from a large skull base surgery practice at a tertiary care institution. Results: This cohort of patients presented with minimal symptoms, yet large tumors, averaging 3.8 cms and causing significant cerebellar compression. Retrosigmoid craniotomies afforded excellent exposure. Conclusion and Significance: Patients with large tumors emanating from the posterior fossa aspect of the temporal bone should be evaluated on the basis of their site of origin. Patients with tumors emanating from the anterior or ventral portion of the temporal bone have greater symptoms and greater operative complications than those emanating from the posterior petrous face, between the porus acousticus and sigmoid sinus. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;124:408-13.)
Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Study of Surface Defects

Grazing incidence x-ray scattering is emerging to become an important structural probe for surface and interface studies, especially in conjunction with the development of high brilliant synchrotron sources. In this paper, we give a brief review of the experimental principle and examples of how the technique can be applied to study surface defects.
Prognostic significance of ST-segment depression on continuous electrocardiography in patients with acute ischemic neurologic events.

Patients with a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at significant risk of cardiac death. This study reports the prognostic significance of ST-segment depression and ventricular tachycardia on continuous electrocardiography in 48 consecutive patients hospitalized with an acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Thirty-one percent of patients had episodes of asymptomatic ST-segment depression and 6% had transient ventricular tachycardia on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. At a mean follow-up of 13 months, 19% had experienced a cardiac outcome, and 19% met criteria for a neurologic outcome. Cardiac and neurologic outcomes, including death, were not significantly different in patients with and without ST-segment depression on continuous electrocardiography. Cardiac outcomes occurred in 13% of patients with ST-segment depression and in 21% of patient without ST-segment depression ( p = 0.52). However, ventricular tachycardia was associated with a higher rate of cardiac death (33% vs. 2%, p
Dual BIE approaches for modeling electrostatic MEMS problems with thin beams and accelerated by the fast multipole method

Three boundary integral equation (BIE) formulations are investigated for the analysis of electrostatic fields exterior to thin-beam structures as found in some micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The three BIE formulations are: (1) the regular BIE using only the single-layer potential; (2) the dual BIE (a) using the regular BIE on one surface of a beam and the gradient BIE on the other surface; and (3) the dual BIE (b) using a linear combination of the regular BIE and gradient BIE on all the surfaces of the beam. Similar to crack problems in elasticity, the regular BIE degenerates when the beam thickness tends to zero, while the two dual BIE formulations do not degenerate. Most importantly, the dual BIE (b) is found to be well conditioned for all the values of the beam thickness, and thus well suited for implementation with the fast multipole BEM. The fast multipole BEM for both the regular BIE and the dual BIE (b) formulations are developed and tested on a simplified comb-drive model. The numerical results clearly show that the dual BIEs are very effective in solving MEMS problems with thin beams and the fast multipole BEM with the dual BIE (b) formulation is very efficient in solving large-scale MEMS models.
Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-system in murine polycystic kidney disease.

The mechanism for early hypertension in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has not been elucidated. One potential pathway that may contribute to the elevation in blood pressure in PKD is the activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-system (RAS). For example, it has been shown that kidney cyst and cystic fluid contains renin, angiotensin II (AngII), and angiotensinogen (Agt). Numerous studies suggest that ciliary dysfunction plays an important role in PKD pathogenesis. However, it is unknown whether the primary cilium affects the intrarenal RAS in PKD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether loss of cilia or polycystin 1 (PC1) increases intrarenal RAS in mouse model of PKD. Adult Ift88 and Pkd1 conditional floxed allele mice with or without cre were administered tamoxifen to induce global knockout of the gene. Three months after tamoxifen injection, kidney tissues were examined by histology, immunofluorescence, western blot, and mRNA to assess intrarenal RAS components. SV40 immortalized collecting duct cell lines from hypomorphic Ift88 mouse were used to assess intrarenal RAS components in collecting duct cells. Mice without cilia and PC1 demonstrated increased kidney cyst formation, systolic blood pressure, prorenin, and kidney and urinary angiotensinogen levels. Interestingly immunofluorescence study of the kidney revealed that the prorenin receptor was localized to the basolateral membrane of principal cells in cilia (� ) but not in cilia (+) kidneys. Collecting duct cAMP responses to AngII administration was greater in cilia (� ) vs. cilia (+) cells indicating enhanced intrarenal RAS activity in the absence of cilia. These data suggest that in the absence of cilia or PC1, there is an upregulation of intrarenal RAS components and activity, which may contribute to elevated blood pressure in PKD.
Building Manycore Processor-to-DRAM Networks with Monolithic Silicon Photonics

We present a new monolithic silicon photonics technology suited for integration with standard bulk CMOS processes, which reduces costs and improves opto-electrical coupling compared to previous approaches. Our technology supports dense wavelength-division multiplexing with dozens of wavelengths per waveguide. Simulation and experimental results reveal an order of magnitude better energy-efficiency than electrical links in the same technology generation. Exploiting key features of our photonics technology, we have developed a processor-memory network architecture for future manycore systems based on an opto-electrical global crossbar. We illustrate the advantages of the proposed network architecture using analytical models and simulations with synthetic traffic patterns. For a power-constrained system with 256 cores connected to 16 DRAM modules using an opto-electrical crossbar, aggregate network throughput can be improved by ap8-10times compared to an optimized purely electrical network.
Biomimetic apatite-coated alginate/chitosan microparticles as osteogenic protein carriers

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are currently approved for spinal fusion, tibial fracture repair, and maxillofacial bone regeneration. However, BMP pleiotropism, paradoxical activities on precursor cells, and unexpected side effects at local and ectopic sites may limit their usage. Thus, the need remains for alternative osteoinductive factors that provide more bone-specific activities with fewer adverse effects. Nell-1 [Nel-like molecule-1; Nel (a protein highly expressed in n eural tissue encoding e pidermal growth factor l ike domain)] is a novel osteogenic protein believed to specifically target cells committed to the osteogenic lineage. The objective of this project is to incorporate Nell-1 into a moldable putty carrier that can adapt to bony defects and deliver Nell-1 to the local microenvironment. We show here that moldability can be achieved by mixing hyaluronan hydrogel with two types of particles: demineralized bone powder for osteoconductivity, and biomimetic apatite-coated alginate/chitosan microparticles for controlled Nell-1 delivery. Besides enhancing overall osteoconductivity of the carrier, the biomimetic apatite coating also provides a more sustained release (∼15% cumulative release over 30 days) and greatly reduces the initial burst release that is observed with non-coated alginate/chitosan microparticles (∼40% release after 1 day). The efficacy of Nell-1 delivery from these carriers was evaluated in a rat spinal fusion model against Nell-free carriers as controls. At 4 weeks post-implantation, Nell-1 enhanced spinal fusion rates as assessed by manual palpation, radiographs, high-resolution micro-computerized tomography (μCT), and histology. This moldable putty carrier system appears to be a suitable carrier for promoting osteogenesis, and will be further evaluated in larger animal models over longer periods to follow the remodeling of the regenerated bone.
Manual Asymmetry During Object Release Under Varying Task Constraints

OBJECTIVE. This study examined differences between the dominant and nondominant hands of children during an object release task under various accuracy and speed constraints. METHOD. Fifteen children 7 to 14 years of age who were typically developing released an instrumented object held with a precision grip onto a stable or unstable surface at a self-paced or quick speed while temporal and force measures were recorded. RESULTS. Few differences were found between the two hands under stable, self-paced conditions. However, given accuracy constraints, object replacement with the nondominant hand took longer than the dominant hand. The nondominant hand exhibited different force coordination patterns than the dominant hand when both accuracy and speed constraints were imposed. CONCLUSION. Task constraints differentially affected the performance of the dominant and nondominant hands during this object release task. The results suggest that clinicians should incorporate various task constraints into hand preference evaluations and during "dominance retraining."
Ethical and Policy Issues in Human Embryo Twinning

In 1993, investigators from George Washington University (GWU) Medical Center separated the cells of 17 human embryos and produced 48 embryos, an average of three embryos for each original. The method, variously called twinning, cloning, embryo splitting, and blastomere separation, demonstrated that human embryos could be split to create genetically identical entities during conception. When publicized, however, the experiment brought to mind a different view of cloning repeated since the beginning of the new reproductive technologies. In the early 1970s, when research on in vitro fertilization (IVF) was in its infancy, commentators worried that cloning–defined as the duplication of persons–would be next, leading to a scenario of “boys genetically exactly like the father, girls like the mother, or individuals like some true or false hero of art, science, or sports, or like some demagogue or some saint.”
Long-term efficacy of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy for recurrent mitral stenosis

Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis is one of the first heart operations that consistently provided relief of symptoms and improved survival. Two surgeons, Charles Bailey in Philadelphia and Dwight Harken in Boston performed the first successful closed mitral commissurotomy almost simultaneously (4 days apart) in June of 1948.1 The relief of the inflow obstruction resulted in immediate improvement of patients’ clinical picture. The initial success led to the refinement of the technique by introduction of a special valve dilatator. Tubbs from the UK perfected the valve dilatator developed by Dr Logan, which is named after him.1 ,2 Closed mitral commissurotomy is performed through a left thoracotomy in the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass by inserting the dilatator through the left ventricular apex and opening its arms inside the mitral leaflets. The surgeon cannot see, but feel the changes that occur in the valve by the index finger inserted in the left atrium through the appendage. The dilatation can be repeated by enlarging the dilatator's arms providing excellent long-term outcomes.3 ,4 Although closed commissurotomy is abandoned in USA and Western countries, giving way to open heart surgery, it is still in use in many parts of the developing world.4Open commissurotomy is performed through sternotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgeon inspects the mitral valve with direct vision, debrides the calcific deposits and separates the fused commissures with the blade. Balloon commissurotomy was first tested by Dr Inoue in the surgical setting in 1982. Transvenous percutaneous balloon commissurotomy was performed for the first time by Dr Inoue in 1984 via transseptal route.5 The mitral valve opening was enlarged by forcing the commissures to split with the inflating balloon, in a manner similar to the …
Light-evoked synaptic activity of retinal ganglion and amacrine cells is regulated in developing mouse retina

Recent studies have shown a continued maturation of visual responsiveness and synaptic activity of retina after eye opening, including the size of receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), light-evoked synaptic output of RGCs, bipolar cell spontaneous synaptic inputs to RGCs, and the synaptic connections between RGCs and ON and OFF bipolar cells. Light deprivation retarded some of these age-dependent changes. However, many other functional and morphological features of RGCs are not sensitive to visual experience. To determine whether light-evoked synaptic responses of RGCs undergo developmental change, we directly examined the light-evoked synaptic inputs from ON and OFF synaptic pathways to RGCs in developing retinas, and found that both light-evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents decreased, but not increased, with age. We also examined the light-evoked synaptic inputs from ON and OFF synaptic pathways to amacrine cells in developing retinas and found that the light-evoked synaptic input of amacrine cells is also downregulated in developing mouse retina. Different from the developmental changes of RGC spontaneous synaptic activity, dark rearing has little effect on the developmental changes of light-evoked synaptic activity of both RGCs and amacrine cells. Therefore, we concluded that the synaptic mechanisms mediating spontaneous and light-evoked synaptic activity of RGCs and amacrine cells are likely to be different.
A new adaptive grid-size algorithm for the simulation of sedimentation velocity profiles in analytical ultracentrifugation.

Analytical ultracentrifugation allows one to measure in real-time the concentration gradients arising from the application of a centrifugal force to macromolecular mixtures in solution. In the last decade, the ability to efficiently solve the partial differential equation governing the ultracentrifugal sedimentation and diffusion process, the Lamm equation, has spawned significant progress in the application of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation for the study of biological macromolecules, for example, the characterization of protein oligomeric states and the study of multi-protein complexes in solution. The present work describes a numerical algorithm that can provide an improvement in accuracy or efficiency over existing algorithms by more than one order of magnitude, and thereby greatly facilitate the practical application of sedimentation velocity analysis, in particular, for the study of multi-component macromolecular mixtures. It is implemented in the public domain software SEDFIT for the analysis of experimental data.
Meckel’s Diverticulum Diagnosed by Double-Balloon Enteroscopy

3 43-year-old man presented with an 8-month history of constant right lower-quadrant pain. He had no change in owel habits and there was no blood in his stool. His physical xamination was normal. A computerized tomography scan was emarkable only for gallstones. A video capsule endoscopy howed a suspicious nodular area in the ileum that was not een on colonoscopy with ileoscopy. He was referred to our nstitution for further work-up. A retrograde double-balloon nteroscopy (Supplementary video; supplementary material vailable online at www.cghjournal.org) was performed to inestigate the nodular area seen on the video capsule endoscopy. t approximately 160 cm from the ileocecal valve a wideouthed diverticulum was noted with a 2-cm area of raised rythematous mucosa at the apex. Biopsy specimens confirmed ctopic gastric mucosa (Figure) compatible with Meckel’s divericulum and the patient was referred for surgical resection.
Religiosity and Fertility: The Case of Chicanas

Data from a probability sample of 1129 Chicanas (Mexican American women) married to Chicanos and interviewed in Los Angeles in 1973 were used to analyze the effects of religious norms on the fertility of Catholic women 35-44 years old in the sample. The findings indicate that if religiosity is a measure of adherence to the norms of the Roman Catholic Church then these norms to have a net impact on the fertility of Chicanas reared in the United States but not in the fertility of those brought up in Mexico. The other independent variables in the multiple regression analysis include indices of socioeconomic status a scale of sociocultural ethnicity 2 measures of ghettoization and age at marriage. The findings imply that the characteristics of the country of upbringing have to be taken into account in any analyses of the effects of religious norms on the reproductive behavior of Catholics. (Authors)
Induction of macrophage C-C chemokine expression by titanium alloy and bone cement particles

Particulate wear debris is associated with periprosthetic inflammation and loosening in total joint arthroplasty. We tested the effects of titanium alloy (Ti-alloy) and PMMA particles on monocyte/macrophage expression of the C-C chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1alpha), and regulated upon activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Periprosthetic granulomatous tissue was analysed for expression of macrophage chemokines by immunohistochemistry. Chemokine expression in human monocytes/macrophages exposed to Ti-alloy and PMMA particles in vitro was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and monocyte migration. We observed MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha expression in all tissue samples from failed arthroplasties. Ti-alloy and PMMA particles increased expression of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha in macrophages in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner whereas RANTES was not detected. mRNA signal levels for MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha were also observed in cells after exposure to particles. Monocyte migration was stimulated by culture medium collected from macrophages exposed to Ti-alloy and PMMA particles. Antibodies to MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha inhibited chemotactic activity of the culture medium samples. Release of C-C chemokines by macrophages in response to wear particles may contribute to chronic inflammation at the bone-implant interface in total joint arthroplasty.
A protocol for multiple access communication with real-time delivery constraints

A multiple access protocol with real-time delivery constraints is introduced, and its properties are investigated. The modified shortest time to extinction (MSTE) algorithm implements a pseudo shortest time to extinction scheduling policy. The salient features of the algorithm are: it allows transmission of messages belonging to several classes of criticality, it takes into account the actual priority of a message in a given class and it rejects packets with deadlines shorter than a minimum acceptance deadline defined for a particular class. >
Nitrogen-deregulated mutants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium —a lignin-degrading basidiomycete

Two nitrogen-deregulated mutants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, der8-2 and der8-5, were isolated by subjecting wild type conidia to gamma irradiation, plating on Poly-R medium containing high levels of nitrogen, and identifying colonies that are able to decolorize Poly-R. The mutants showed high levels of ligninolytic activity (14C-synthetic lignin → 14CO2), and lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and glucose oxidase activities in both low nitrogen (2.4 mM) and high nitrogen (24 mM) media. The wild type on the otherhand displayed these activities in low nitrogen medium but showed little or no activities in high nitrogen medium. Fast protein liquid chromatographic analyses showed that the wild type as well as the der mutants produce three major lignin peroxidase peaks (designated L1, L2 and L3) with lignin peroxidase activity in low nitrogen medium. Furthermore, in low nitrogen medium, mutant der8-5 produced up to fourfold greater lignin peroxidase activity than that produced by the wild type. In high nitrogen medium, the wild type produced no detectable lignin peroxidase peaks whereas the mutants produced peaks L1 and L2, but not L3, and a new lignin peroxidase protein peak designated LN. Mutants der8-2 and der8-5 also produced high levels of glucose oxidase, an enzyme known to be associated with secondary metabolism and an important source of H2O2 in ligninolytic cultures, both in low and high nitrogen media. In contrast, the wild type produced high levels of glucose oxidase in low nitrogen medium and only trace amounts of this enzyme in high nitrogen medium. The results of this study indicate that the der mutants are nitrogen-deregulated for the production of a set of secondary metabolic activities associated with lignin degradation such as lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases and glucose oxidase.
State-space harmonic distortion modeling in weakly nonlinear, fully balanced G/sub m/-C filters-a modular approach resulting in closed-form solutions

State space harmonic distortion modeling and estimation are introduced for G/sub m/-C filters with fully balanced, weakly nonlinear tranconductors. The proposed method provides compact closed-form answers expressed explicitly in terms of the values of the circuit elements. It can be easily implemented in MATLAB and applied to G/sub m/-C filters of any order. The filter is viewed as a composition of three operators in signal space representing the input stage, the filter core, and the output stage. Each operator is then decomposed into the superposition of a linear operator and a nonlinear operator. The total distortion at the output is shown to be approximately the sum of the distortion introduced by the nonlinear operator of each stage. The theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with Cadence simulations for the cases of a lossy integrator and a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter.
Utilization of 2D, 3D, or 4D CAD in construction communication documentation

The transition from traditional graphics into computer graphics over the past decade has brought about a multitude of changes which graphic educators and other graphic professionals have had to address and incorporate into their curriculum or industry. The ever evolving integration of computer aided design (CAD) into the architectural and engineering areas have revolutionized the design and construction documentation process. But, when is it cost effective to utilize 2D, 3D or 4D CAD in the construction documentation processes or in business practice? A problem that most professionals are encountering is when to utilize the most technology has to offer and when to get by with minimal standards. This paper discusses the components of 2D, 3D and 4D CAD in construction communication documentation and when professionals and educators should utilize these different types of drawings.
Cell Surface Display of Poliovirus Receptor on Escherichia coli, a Novel Method for Concentrating Viral Particles in Water

ABSTRACT The lack of efficient methods for concentrating viruses in water samples leads to underreporting of viral contamination in source water. A novel strategy for viral concentration was developed using the expression of target virus receptors on bacterial cells. Poliovirus type 1, the most studied enterovirus, was used as a surrogate for enteric viruses. The human poliovirus receptor (hPVR) gene was expressed on the surface of Escherichia coli cells by using the ice nucleation protein (INP) gene. The hPVR gene was ligated to the 3′ end of the INP gene after the removal of the stop codon. The resulting open reading frame (ORF) was used for the projection of hPVR onto the outer membrane of E. coli. Gene expression was tested by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and dot blot analyses, and virion capture ability was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The application of engineered E. coli cells for capturing viruses in 1-liter samples of source and drinking water resulted in 75 to 99% procedural recovery efficiency. Cell surface display of viral receptors on bacterial cells opens a new prospect for an efficient and inexpensive alternative tool for capturing and concentrating waterborne viruses in water samples.
Random and Systematic Error Effects of Insomnia on Survey Behavior

Insomnia is a prevalent experience among employees and survey respondents. Drawing from research on sleep and self-regulation, we examine both random (survey errors) and systematic (social desirabi...
Improving the performance of message-passing applications by multithreading

Achieving maximum performance in message-passing programs requires that calculation and communication be overlapped. However, the program transformations required to achieve this overlap are error-prone and add significant complexity to the application program. The authors argue that calculation/communication overlap can be achieved easily and consistently by executing multiple threads of control on each processor, and that this approach is practical on message-passing architectures without any special hardware support. They present timing data for a typical message-passing application, to demonstrate the advantages of the scheme. >
Theory of P-type learning control with implication for the robot manipulator

The robustness and convergence of P-type learning control algorithms for a class of time-varying, nonlinear systems with state disturbances, measurement noise at the output, and reinitialization errors at each iteration is studied. The uniform boundedness of the system states with respect to the existence of errors of initialization, measurement noises and fluctuations of system dynamics is proved. The system output is shown to converge uniformly to the desired output whenever all disturbances tend to zero. Implications of the results for robot manipulator and linear systems are presented. >
Automatic correction of echo‐planar imaging (EPI) ghosting artifacts in real‐time interactive cardiac MRI using sensitivity encoding

Purpose: To develop a method that automatically corrects ghosting artifacts due to echo-misalignment in interleaved gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) in arbitrary oblique or double-oblique scan planes. Materials and Methods: An automatic ghosting correction technique was developed based on an alternating EPI acquisition and the phased-array ghost elimination (PAGE) reconstruction method. The direction of k-space traversal is alternated at every temporal frame, enabling lower temporal-resolution ghost-free coil sensitivity maps to be dynamically estimated. The proposed method was compared with conventional one-dimensional (1D) phase correction in axial, oblique, and double-oblique scan planes in phantom and cardiac in vivo studies. The proposed method was also used in conjunction with two-fold acceleration. Results: The proposed method with nonaccelerated acquisition provided excellent suppression of ghosting artifacts in all scan planes, and was substantially more effective than conventional 1D phase correction in oblique and double-oblique scan planes. The feasibility of real-time reconstruction using the proposed technique was demonstrated in a scan protocol with 3.1-mm spatial and 60-msec temporal resolution. Conclusion: The proposed technique with nonaccelerated acquisition provides excellent ghost suppression in arbitrary scan orientations without a calibration scan, and can be useful for real-time interactive imaging, in which scan planes are frequently changed with arbitrary oblique orientations.
ACTIVE BLANKETS FOR THE CONTROL OF PAYLOAD FAIRING INTERIOR ACOUSTICS

The results of numerical experiments are presented where we examine the performance of active blankets attached to the interior of a payload fairing to reduce the interior acoustic levels. These studies are carried out using a finite element - infinite element model of the fully coupled fluid-structure system. In this axisymmetric model, the main rocket body is modeled as a finite cylinder with an attached rib stiffened fairing. The interior fluid is modeled with finite acoustic elements while the entire exterior fluid is modeled with finite and infinite acoustic elements. First, we examine the broadband nature of the interior acoustic response due to a high order acoustic field developed as a result of a point acoustic source located below and laterally separated from the base of the rocket. Secondly, the performance of an Acoustic Boundary Control (ABC) implementation is examined for some specific acoustic impedances
Formation of Nanosized Metallic Ag Grains by Oxidation of Ag Single Crystals with Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen

Silver single crystals (Ag(100), Ag(111)) were exposed to 5eV hyperthermal atomic oxygen, created by a laser detonation of molecular oxygen at a substrate temperature of 220°C for 7 hours. Oxide scales of more than ten microns formed on both Ag (100) and Ag (111) substrates. The microstructural investigation of the oxide layers by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the “oxide” scales are predominately composed of nanosized polycrystalline silver grains (5–100nm) as well as a small amount of nanosized silver oxides. The results were remarkably different than the O 2 oxidation. The HRTEM investigation suggested that the grains of polycrystalline silver were first carved off from the substrate into “oxide” scale by lattice expansion and decohesion, which are driven by atomic oxygen diffusion in Ag lattice, occupation of oxygen atoms at the interstitial sites of Ag lattice, and partially internal oxidation. The grains in the scale were also subject to continuing oxidations with the atomic oxygen--secondary poly-crystallization, and changed to smaller grains. The preferred oxidation fronts in silver lattice is along the {111} planes.
An investigation of “bound” water in frozen erythrocytes by proton magnetic resonance spin-lattice, spin-spin, and rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation time measurements

The water proton spin-lattice relaxation time data for frozen normal and sickle erythrocytes at temperatures between −20 and −80°C can be adequately described by a log-normal distribution of correlation times for water proton motion with a single peak centered at approximately 10−9 sec at −35°C. However, the dependence of the rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation time (T1ϱ) on the strength of the radio-frequency field suggests that water proton motions with correlation times greater than 10−7 sec are present in this system. The magnitude of the spin-spin relaxation time for these frozen erythrocytes (0.1 msec at −55°C) is consistent with the T1ϱ data, suggesting that a bimodal distribution of correlation times may be a better model for all of the low-temperature relaxation time data. We find that such a model with peaks centered at about 10−9 sec at −35°C and about 10−6 sec at −55°C fits all of the relaxation time data obtained at low temperatures. This bimodal distribution of correlation times for the water motion in frozen erythrocytes is discussed in terms of a model in which the peak centered at 10−9 sec may represent a “loose” hydration shell and that centered at 10−6 sec may represent a “tight” hydration shell, and/or water interactions with protein sidechains.
Prediction of a new high-spin mode of transverse excitation in electron scattering from nuclei

Abstract Recent shell-model calculations predict strong concentrations of transverse E4 excitation strength in nuclei near the middle of the sd shell. These excitations are examples of a mode which has its microscopic origin in a unique pair of shell-model orbitals, in the case of the sd shell the 0 d 5 2 −0 d 3 2 orbitals. The excitation strength predicted to occur near 7 MeV in 26Mg appears to be observed in recent electron scattering measurements.
TREATMENT OF SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY WITH BONE-MARROW FROM AN UNRELATED, MIXED-LEUCOCYTE-CULTURE-NONREACTIVE DONOR

A 7-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency had no relative who was a suitable bone-marrow donor as determined by mixed-leucocyte-culture (M.L.C.) testing. In the general population an M.L.C.-nonreactive, unrelated donor was found among individuals who were identical with our patient at the Four locus. Following a bone-marrow transplant this child showed signs of rapid immunological reconstitution and only a mild graft-versus-host reaction. Unfortunately, the child died 31 days post-transplantation of cytomegalovirus infection. The findings support the hypothesis that matching for lymphocyte-defined antigens among unrelated individuals will permit successful immunological reconstitution.
ONTOGENETIC SHIFTS AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN CAUDAL LURING IN THE DUSKY PYGMY RATTLESNAKE, SISTRURUS MILIARIUS BARBOURI

Caudal luring is a behavior used by many ambush-foraging snakes that increases their encounter rate with prey. In this study, we used the dusky pigmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri, in a series of trials involving prey and measured the frequency and duration of caudal luring. This behavior varied ontogenetically, with adults never performing caudal luring. Juveniles that lured for longer durations were more successful in attracting prey. Males and females caudal lured in equal frequency but females took longer time periods to achieve a similar level of foraging success. Because the tails are sexually dimorphic in this species, we suggest that the longer tail of the male may be a more effective luring device. This is the first quantification of a sex difference in caudal luring, and the results suggest important differences in foraging ecology among males and females.
Evaluation and implementation of chemotherapy regimen validation in an electronic health record

Introduction:Computerized provider order entry of chemotherapy regimens is quickly becoming the standard for prescribing chemotherapy in both inpatient and ambulatory settings. One of the difficult...
Scanning electron microscopy in the ultrastructural analysis of the mammalian cerebral ventricular system.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses scanning electron microscopy in the ultrastructural analysis of the mammalian cerebral ventricular system. The challenge of assessing ultrastructural detail has been met with the advent of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which affords microscopists the ability to resolve images on the order of 2 A. Because of the limitations imposed by section thickness and overall size, the total sample available for fine-structural evaluation is quite small. However, the emergence of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has obviated this problem and serves to bridge the gap between conventional light microscopy (LM) and TEM. This approach is suitable for evaluating ultrastructural detail of large surface areas and is valuable for defining the ultra-architectural organization of variegated ependynlal surfaces forming the natural lining of the vertebrate cerebral ventricular system. In addition, SEM is suitable for comparison with TEM and LM.
Pharma Versus Farmer: Food as Heart Medicine.

Evaluating drugs is easy; assessing the healthfulness of food is not. For drugs, we have a proscribed process: determine the dose; screen for toxicity; and then randomly give the drug or its placebo to enough subjects for a sufficient length of time to acquire statistically meaningful endpoints.
Análisis comparativo entre la enucleación prostática con láser de holmio y la adenomectomía laparoscópica en el tratamiento de adenomas prostáticos mayores de 100 g

Resumen Objetivo Realizar una comparacion entre la enucleacion prostatica con laser de holmio y la adenomectomia por via laparoscopica. Materiales y metodos Se compararon los resultados entre 2 grupos de 20 pacientes cada uno (n = 40), los cuales fueron operados por adenomas prostaticos mayores de 100 g en nuestra institucion. Al primer grupo se le realizo adenomectomia laparoscopica, mientras que al segundo se le realizo enucleacion prostatica con laser de holmio. Las variables estudiadas fueron la duracion de la cirugia, el tiempo de cateterismo vesical en el postoperatorio y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, la puntuacion de sintomas prostaticos y el flujo maximo preoperatorio y postoperatorio, asi como tambien las complicaciones y el costo economico. Para el analisis estadistico se utilizo el test t de Student y el test de Fisher. Resultados No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en cuanto a la edad de los pacientes, el tamano prostatico, el tiempo quirurgico y el peso de la pieza operatoria. La duracion del cateterismo vesical postoperatorio (p = 0,0008) y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria (p 0,99). Conclusion La enucleacion prostatica con laser de holmio posee similares resultados funcionales a corto plazo y complicaciones que la adenomectomia laparoscopica para el tratamiento de grandes adenomas, con la ventaja de ofrecer menos tiempo de cateterismo vesical y de estancia hospitalaria, asi como tambien menores costos economicos.
Improving patient safety through the use of a tracking system

2651 Objectives To create a safe patient environment and to abide by the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goal of minimizing the occurrence of wrong patient, wrong site, or wrong procedure events. Methods Mayo Clinic Arizona Department of Radiology has utilized a Safety Event Reporting Form (SERF) to record all types of occurrences for several years. The submissions are reviewed and recorded for the individual work areas and the department as a whole to identify and correct any trends. Mayo Clinic practices in a “fair and just culture.” Events are encouraged to be reported and are non-punitive. The reports are used for process improvement. Results In 2013, Nuclear Medicine had 36 inappropriate exams where the order that was placed was not the intended or appropriate exam. No incidences of wrong patient or wrong site were encountered. Only two of the exams were actually performed. The remainder were corrected, a majority of the time prior to the actual appointment date. When a questionable exam or indication is encountered, the technologist will review the electronic medical record (EMR) and discuss the patient with the Nuclear Medicine radiologist and ordering physician. This allows the order and appointment scheduling to be corrected and any changes in patient preparation and dose ordering to be made. Conclusions Through the use of the SERF tracking system, patterns in inappropriate exam ordering can be identified. The ordering staff is educated regarding the inappropriate ordering in an effort to minimize future incidents. New exam orders are created when needed to better clarify what is being ordered. The technologist and physician staffs are acutely aware of the need to review the EMR for any questionable exams to confirm that the proper exam is performed. This attention to detail allows the exam order to be corrected prior to initiating the procedure. To appropriately maintain patient safety, events of all types should be reported and tracked. Any trends or significant events can be addressed to prevent future occurrences.
Ferroelectric polarization effect on surface chemistry and photo-catalytic activity: A review

Abstract The current efficiency of various photocatalytic processes is limited by the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in the photocatalyst as well as the back-reaction of intermediate species. This review concentrates on the use of ferroelectric polarization to mitigate electron–hole recombination and back-reactions and therefore improve photochemical reactivity. Ferroelectric materials are considered as wide band gap polarizable semiconductors. Depending on the surface polarization, different regions of the surface experience different extents of band bending and promote different carriers to move to spatially different locations. This can lead to some interesting interactions at the surface such as spatially selective adsorption and surface redox reactions. This introductory review covers the fundamental properties of ferroelectric materials, effect of an internal electric field/polarization on charge carrier separation, effect of the polarization on the surface photochemistry and reviews the work done on the use of these ferroelectric materials for photocatalytic applications such as dye degradation and water splitting. The manipulation of photogenerated charge carriers through an internal electric field/surface polarization is a promising strategy for the design of improved photocatalysts.
Endocrine aspects of obesity

As is obvious from the previous discussions, obesity is associated with a wide variety of changes in endocrine parameters (Table 1). Some of these changes, such as the reduction in SHBG without change in serum free testosterone levels, reflect merely laboratory abnormalities that may influence interpretation of diagnostic tests but have no important physiologic relevance. Other abnormalities have major clinical impact, such as hyperestrogenemia-endometrial carcinoma and hyperlipidemia-coronary artery disease. In some cases, endocrine changes in obesity are beneficial--that is, hyperestrogenemia leading to lower incidence of osteoporosis. In other cases, such as the profound suppression of growth hormone output in obesity, the physiologic relevance is unknown. Several endocrine changes in obesity, such as the impaired response of many hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, vasopressin, corticotropin) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and elevated endorphin levels, suggest hypothalamic dysfunction. Furthermore, the failure of all of these abnormalities to be normalized after weight reduction raises the possibility of an underlying disorder leading to both endocrine dysfunction and obesity, rather than the endocrine dysfunction being simply a consequence of the obesity. Successful elucidation of the pathogenesis of obesity, which might then lead to much needed specific treatment modalities, may be advanced if we can solve some of these puzzles.
Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Photoactive Anthraquinone Compounds and Their Applications in Wastewater Treatment

2-Anthraquinone sulfonate (2-AQS) was found to exhibit an abnormally high singlet-oxygen quantum yield in aqueous solution after UVA irradiation based on a widely used testing method for singlet oxygen. To discover the cause of the abnormal results, several possible reactive oxygen species were also measured in the system. Results revealed that 2-AQS and two other similar compounds produced singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), under UVA exposure. The production of hydroxyl radical contributed to the abnormally high quantum yield. Quantifications of the ROS produced by these compounds were conducted by oxidation of p-nitrosodimethylaninline in the presence and absence of either l-histidine or superoxide dismutase. EPR results also confirmed the formation of singlet oxygen by these compounds under UVA irradiation. The influence of different exposure times on the formation of ROS was measured for all three photosensitive compounds. The effects of differe...
SURFACE EXPLORATION ABOUT THE QIANFOSHAN FAULT IN JINAN CITY

This article discusses the main factors about the effect of urban engineering geophysical exploration.Based on working conditions,occurrence of Qian Foshan fault is detected at the same location of Jinan city by Seismic exploration and seismic imaging.For the reliability of detection results,two drilling are layout on both sides of the fault.The signal to noise ratio and resolution of Seismic exploration are higher,and prove that the two methods of urban engineering geophysical exploration have better applicability.
EIRENE: interactive design and refinement of schema mappings via data examples

One of the first steps in the process of integrating information from multiple sources into a desired target format is to specify the relationships, called schema mappings, between the source schemas and the target schema. In this demonstration, we showcase a new methodology for designing schema mappings. Our system Eirene interactively solicits data examples from the mapping designer in order to design a schema mapping between a source schema and a target schema. A data example, in this context, is a pair consisting of a source instance and a target instance showing the desired outcome of performing data exchange using the schema mapping being designed. One of the central parts of the system is a module that, given a set of data examples, either returns a "best" fitting schema mapping, or reports that no fitting schema mapping exists.
Counterlines: Studies in Interfacing Graphic and Melodic Lines

This paper describes introductory studies for an intermedia performance Counterlines a duet for Disklavier and Wacom Cintiq, in which both performers generate audiovisual materials that relate to each other contrapuntally. In the described five studies the pianist generates graphic lines while playing music and the graphic performer generates piano lines by drawing. The paper discusses our approach to audio-visual interfacing and intermedia composition.