cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agreement in Promissive, Imperative, and Exhortative Clauses

Abstract. One of the unique features of Korean is that it marks sentences used to promise with the same grammatical mechanism - a paradigm of sentence final particles - with which it marks other clause types, like declaratives, interrogatives, and imperatives. In this paper we investigate this cross-linguistically rare type of PROMISSIVES and argue that they are members of the broader clause type of JUSSIVES, along with imperatives and exhortatives. However, within the jussive clause type, promissives, imperatives, and exhortatives differ from each other in having not only different sen-tence final particles but also different subjects. We argue that these two differences are correlated in such a way as to distinguish the three distinct clause types, promissives, imperatives, and exhorta-tives. We specifically argue that the jussive particle (sentence final particle in jussive clauses) is the head of a Jussive Phrase which carries person features and that the jussive particle enters an agree-ment relation with the subject. In studying various types of subjects allowed in both root and embed-ded jussive clauses we further argue that the Jussive head, as well as null pronouns in Korean has a shiftable person features while overt pronouns have unshiftable person features.
Fecal incontinence quality of life scale: Quality of life instrument for patients with fecal incontinence

PURPOSE: This goal of this research was to develop and evaluate the psychometrics of a health-related quality of life scale developed to address issues related specifically to fecal incontinence, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale. METHODS: The Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale is composed of a total of 29 items; these items form four scales: Lifestyle (10 items), Coping/Behavior (9 items), Depression/Self-Perception (7 items), and Embarrassment (3 items). RESULTS: Psychometric evaluation of these scales demonstrates that they are both reliable and valid. Each of the scales demonstrate stability over time (test/retest reliability) and have acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach alpha >0.70). Validity was assessed using discriminate and convergent techniques. Each of the four scales of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale was capable of discriminating between patients with fecal incontinence and patients with other gastrointestinal problems. To evaluate convergent validity, the correlation of the scales in the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale with selected subscales in the SF-36 was analyzed. The scales in the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale demonstrated significant correlations with the subscales in the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric evaluation of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale showed that this fecal incontinence-specific quality of life measure produces both reliable and valid measurement.
Function in ventilatory control of respiratory neurons at the pontomedullary junction.

Abstract Pevious studies have demonstrated that electrolytic lesions placed in the midline at the pontomedullary' junction result in increased respiratory frequency. The increase in frequency is greater during hypercapnia. The present study sought to determine whether the effects of the lesions were mediated, at least in part, by destruction of neurons. Alternatively, the lesions may have interrupted fiber tracts. Both destruction by kainic acid and inhibition by selective cooling of neurons on the midline at the pontomedullary junction in decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats produced results similar to those engendered by the lesions; i.e. , an increased respiratory frequency. Microinjections of glutamate produced a slowing of respiration. In additional cats, extracellular single unit recordings were obtained from 48 neurons located in the medial areas (0–1 mm lateral to midline) at the pontomedullary junction. Of these, 41 neurons were tonically active and 38 were judged tobe respiratory-modulated by both the F -test and the Friedman test. The activity of these neurons was sensitive to changes in CO 2 . Therefore, neurons located at the pontomedullary junction may play a primary role in the integration of central chemoreceptor afferent stimuli.
Thermal conductivity of solutions

The results of an experimental and theoretical study of the thermal conductivity of binary, ternary, and multicomponent solutions are presented. A probable mechanism of heat conduction in solutions is proposed and calculation formulas are obtained.
Borna disease virus: implications for human neuropsychiatric illness

The cause of Borna disease, a neurological syndrome affecting mammals and birds, has recently been shown to be infection with an RNA virus. Molecular genetic analysis suggests that Borna disease virus represents a new viral taxon. It has a wide host range and is tropic for specific circuits in the central nervous system. There is indirect evidence that links it to diseases of the human central nervous system.
Small-Scale Industry at a Crossroads: U.S. Machine Tools in Global Perspective

In 1975, the United States was the world’s largest producer of machine tools, the second largest exporter, and had the lowest degree of dependence on imports of all major machine tool producing countries. By 1987, the U.S. had slipped into fourth place as producer of machine tools (behind Japan, F.R.G., and the USSR), into sixth place in exports (behind Switzerland, G.D.R., and Italy), and relied on imports for more than half of its supply of machine tools.
NO Attenuates Insulin Signaling and Motility in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells via Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B–Mediated Mechanism

Objective — Hyperinsulinemia is a significant risk factor for the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been recognized as a modulator of insulin signaling in nonvascular cells, and we have recently reported that NO increases the activity of PTP1B in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that NO attenuates insulin-stimulated cell motility via a PTP1B-mediated mechanism involving downregulation of insulin signal transduction. Methods and Results — Treatment of primary aortic smooth muscle cells from newborn rats with the NO donor S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine reduced cell motility, tyrosine phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor β subunit and insulin receptor substrate-1, and extracellular signal–regulated kinase activity. Overexpression of wild-type PTP1B via an adenoviral vector blocked the capacity of insulin to stimulate cell motility and insulin receptor phosphorylation, whereas expression of a dominant-negative mutant of PTP1B attenuated the capacity of NO to decrease cell motility. Conclusions — Our findings indicate that activation of PTP1B is necessary and sufficient to account for the capacity of NO to decrease insulin-stimulated signal transduction and cell motility in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. The results could explain the capacity of NO to oppose neointima formation in states of hyperinsulinemia.
Numerical solution of the generalized transportation problem

A numerical “saturation” technique is presented for solution of a generalization of Hitchcock's distribution problem.
A role for evolutionary predictions in gene isolation and characterization studies

Studies of the evolutionary history of gene families can provide important insight into the processes leading to functional conservation or divergence among orthologs and paralogs. While the pattern of relationships among family members may be difficult to predict prior to an analysis, there are several expectations that should be met that can provide evolutionary verifications for gene isolation and characterization studies. In this report, it is shown that a recently described jasmonic acid caboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) sequence fromCapsicum annuum L. (hot pepper) fails to satisfy several evolutionary predictions. Specifically, the hot pepper sequence is more closely related to someArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. strains than are other strains ofA. thaliana or its close relativeBrassica campestris L. In addition, the level of divergence of hot pepper andA. thaliana JMT is more than ten times lower than expected from the levels of divergence of their mitochondrial and plastid sequences. Finally, attempts to PCR amplify JMT from hot pepper DNA were unsuccessful. In light of these empirical results, the identity of the putative hot pepper JMT sequence is called into question and highlights the need for phylogenetic perspectives even for functional studies.
Masseteric Intramuscular Hemangioma: Case Report

Securing a clinical diagnosis for the masseteric intramuscular hemangioma is difficult. However, making a diagnosis can be facilitated with imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, which serves as a key element in preoperative diagnosis.
Bonding to aged surfaces: A thermally-aged epoxy

It is common experience that aged surfaces are often difficult to bond to. We report an examination of bonding to thermally-aged epoxy surfaces, using as the adhesive the same epoxy as that of the aged surface. The cured and postcured epoxy was aged at 200 ° C, with the ageing time varying from 2 to 8 h. The fracture energy of the bond line was measured by mode I cleavage under conditions of relatively slow crack growth. The bondline fracture energy was found to decrease logarithmically with ageing time. The fracture energies for bonds to surfaces aged for 2, 4, and 8 h at 200 ° C were 0.077, 0.059, and 0.050 kJ M−2, respectively. These compare to 0.13 kJ M−2 for a bond to an unaged surface and 0.21 kJ m−2 for bulk fracture. Fracture surfaces resulting from both slow and rapid fracture were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Fracture features different from those arising from bulk fracture were found. Areas with ‘good’ adhesion occurred amidst fields of featureless fracture surface; the frequency and size of these areas decreased with increased ageing time. Evidence of plastic deformation was found, always occurring on the new side of the bond: ridges parallel with crack propagation at high crack speeds and subsurface undulations perpendicular to crack propagation at low speeds. The bond has the effect of channelling the crack along the bondline, but fracture does not always remain exactly at the interface. Fracture often occurred a relatively constant distance away from the interface, suggesting that the presence of the interface was felt for some distance.
Cognitive functioning and social problem-solving skills in schizophrenia.

Introduction. This study examined the relationships between symptoms, cognitive functioning, and social skill deficits in schizophrenia. Few studies have incorporated measures of cognitive functioning and symptoms in predictive models for social problem solving. Method. For our study, 44 participants were recruited from consecutive outpatient admissions. Neuropsychological tests were given to assess cognitive function, and social problem solving was assessed using structured vignettes designed to evoke the participant's ability to generate, evaluate, and apply solutions to social problems. A sequential model-fitting method of analysis was used to incorporate social problem solving, symptom presentation, and cognitive impairment into linear regression models. Predictor variables were drawn from demographic, cognitive, and symptom domains. Because this method of analysis was exploratory and not intended as hierarchical modelling, no a priori hypotheses were proposed. Results. Participants with higher scores...
Fabrication, characterization and in vitro evaluation of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles loaded with polyamidoamine–plasmid DNA dendriplexes for applications in nonviral gene delivery

We report, for the first time, on the preparation, characterization and in vitro testing of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with polyamidoamine (PAMAM)–plasmid DNA (pDNA) dendriplexes. Loading of pDNA into the PLGA microparticles increased by 150% when pDNA was first complexed with PAMAM dendrimers relative to loading of pDNA alone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the presence of PAMAM dendrimers in the PLGA microparticles created porous features and indentations on the surface of the microparticles. Loading PLGA microparticles with PAMAM–pDNA dendriplexes lowered the average PLGA microparticle size and changed the surface charge of the microparticles from negative to positive when compared to PLGA microparticles loaded with pDNA alone. The zetapotential and buffering capacity of the microparticles increased as the generation of the PAMAM dendrimer loaded in the PLGA microparticles increased. Gel electrophoresis assays showed that all the PLGA microparticle formulations were able to entrap the pDNA within the PLGA matrix. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity of PLGA microparticles loaded with PAMAM–pDNA dendriplexes when compared to PLGA microparticles loaded with pDNA alone. Furthermore, and in contrast to PAMAM dendrimers alone, the generation of the PAMAM dendrimer loaded in the PLGA microparticles had no significant impact on cytotoxicity or transfection efficiencies in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) or Monkey African green kidney fibroblast-like (COS7) cells. The transfection efficiency of PLGA microparticles loaded with generation 3 (G3) PAMAM–pDNA dendriplexes was significantly higher than PLGA microparticles loaded with pDNA alone in HEK293 and COS7 cells. PLGA microparticles loaded with G3 PAMAM–pDNA dendriplexes generated equivalent transfection efficiencies as (G3 to G6) PAMAM–pDNA dendriplexes alone in COS7 cells when the transfection was carried out in serum containing media. The delivery system developed in this report has low toxicity, high pDNA loading efficiencies and high transfection efficiencies that are not reduced in the presence of serum. A delivery system with these characteristics is expected to have significant potential for translational applications. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:368–384, 2010
Patient Satisfaction in Radiology: Qualitative Analysis of Written Complaints Generated Over a 10-Year Period in an Academic Medical Center

Purpose The aims of this study were to review patients' complaints about their care in radiology and to determine key areas for improvement. Methods An institutional review board–approved, HIPAA-compliant study was conducted to retrospectively evaluate all radiology-related patient complaints received by the authors' institution's Office of Patient Advocacy from April 1999 to December 2010. The internal review classified the complaints into those that concerned medical complications, radiology staff members, failure to provide patient-centered care, and those that related to quality on the basis of radiologic benchmarks of safety, systems, and professionalism. The rate of successful complaint resolution was also tallied. The incidence of complaints per modality was calculated as a fraction of the total number of radiologic examinations performed. Results A total of 153 radiology-related complaints were identified. The majority of complaints (60.1% [92 of 153]) described a failure to provide patient-centered care. Of the remaining complaints, 26.2% (40 of 153) reported physical discomfort, 10.5% (16 of 153) reported a combination of both physical discomfort and lack of patient-centered care, and 3.2% (5 of 153) were not related to either category. Of the complaints regarding quality, 44.5% (68 of 153) were associated with operational systems, 24.2% (37 of 153) with safety, 17% (26 of 153) with professionalism, and 14.3% (22 of 153) with multifactorial events. Delays accounted for 20.2% of complaints (31 of 153), and 49.6% of complaints (76 of 153) concerned radiology staff members. Complaint resolution was achieved in 83.6% of cases (128 of 153). The overall incidence of complaints per radiologic procedure was 0.238 per 10,000. The incidence of complaints associated with interventional procedures (3.26 per 10,000) was significantly ( P Conclusions Failure to provide patient-centered care was the most common complaint; most of these complaints could be attributed to systems issues. There was a higher incidence of complaints related to interventional procedures than diagnostic examinations. Delays and providers' interactions with patients were identified as key areas for improvement.
Edlich's academical village

Abstract Dr. Richard F. Edlich, Distinguished Professor of Plastic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, recently received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a faculty member at the University of Virginia. Reflections of his “Academical Village” are presented to share ideas from the teaching environment he has created.
An Investigation of Partner Similarity Dimensions on Knowledge Transfer

Abstract Learning from the experiences of others can provide significant benefits for an organization, but it can be difficult to know who has the most useful or applicable knowledge. Knowledge is acquired from many sources: from within the firm; from other firms; or from competitors, customers, suppliers, and channel partners. Managers must decide how to efficiently search through a universe of potential knowledge sources to select the knowledge that will be the most useful to them. This research examines the conditions under which partner similarity enhances knowledge transfer. Previous research has argued that partner similarity influences knowledge sharing through attraction. Building on past work, our research argues that attraction is only one mechanism by which partner similarity affects knowledge transfer and introduces the idea that partner similarity aids the search through a universe of potential knowledge sources. The dimensions of partner similarity that allow more efficient search will facilitate knowledge transfer, while those similarity dimensions that do not aid search will have a less important impact on transfer. Data from both quantitative and qualitative sources support these hypotheses. Quantitative analyses show that strategic similarity emerges as a more important dimension than customer or location similarities as a significant predictor of knowledge transfer. Qualitative interview data show that businesses are conscious of the strategic similarities within their industry and choose transfer partners accordingly.
The Spectral Degree of Coherence of a Random Three-dimensional Electromagnetic Field

The complex spectral degree of coherence of a general random statistically stationary electromagnetic field is introduced in a manner similar to the way it is defined for beam-like fields: by means of Young's interference experiment. This quantity is measurable. The results are of particular interest for near-field optics.
Fucosylation of rabbit photoreceptor outer segments: Properties of the labeled components

Abstract Photoreceptor membranes prepared from rabbits which had received an intravitreal injection of [3H]fucose were composed of intact and broken outer segments and vesiculated membranous structures. Analogous to the pattern seen in vivo, only an occasional outer segment showed heavy and diffuse labeling with [3H]fucose in electron microscopic radio-autographs. These were probably derived from cone outer segments. Following hydrolysis and thin layer chromatography, the radioactive material obtained from [3H]fucose-labeled outer segments co-migrated with authentic fucose, showing that the sugar was incorporated without modification. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of solubilized outer segments showed that most of the incorporated radioactivity co-electrophoresed with opsin, the major staining material present. The remainder of the radioactivity was found in minor components of higher molecular weight than opsin. Isoelectric focusing of solubilized photoreceptor membranes produced a broad peak of radioactivity which was split into two peaks at lower concentrations. The majority of the counts were found to coincide with opsin, the major staining component, at an isoelectric point of 5·7. An additional peak of radioactivity was found at a pI of 6·3. Labeled components in solubilized photoreceptor membrane preparations were not retained during passage through a column of fucose-specific lectin (from Ulex europaeus) covalently attached to agarose, but were retained on a column of agarose-concanavalin A and eluted with α-methyl mannoside. Our evidence suggests that the major component of cone outer segments which becomes labeled with [3H]fucose is a protein with properties very similar to rod opsin.
Gonadotropin and subunit conformation.

Abstract Circular dichroic spectra have been obtained and resolved for the gonadotropins, ovine pituitary luteinizing hormone and human chorionic (urinary) gonadotropin, their subunits and glycopeptides. Much of the gonadotropin ellipticity above 250 nm can be attributed to the disulfide chromophore, although there are discernible contributions from tyrosyl and phenylalanyl residues as well. Of the two dissimilar subunits, the β-subunit makes the greatest contribution to the near-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectrum of the gonadotropins. From the position of the 0-0 tyrosyl band, i.e., 286–287 nm, one can ascertain that at least some of the tyrosyl residues of the gonadotropins are located in a hydrophobic environment. A positive circular dichroic extremum at 232.5 nm, present in luteinizing hormone but not in chorionic gonadotropin, can be ascribed to the α-subunit and probably results from tyrosines 21 and/or 30 in luteinizing hormone. An analysis of the circular dichroic difference spectrum above 230 nm, generated by subtracting the sum of the molecular ellipticities of the respective subunits from the molecular ellipticities of each gonadotropin, indicates that the local environment of disulfides and of tyrosyl residues is altered when gonadotropins dissociate. Circular dichroic difference spectra between the two α-subunits and between the two β-subunits indicated major contributions from- tyrosyl residues, presumably arising from tyrosyl substitutions. Between 200 and 230 nm, both gonadotropins exhibit negative circular dichroic extrema. The extremum occurs at 210 nm for luteinizing hormone and at 207.5 nm for chorionic gonadotropin. Each extremum can be described by two negative resolved bands, one at 215 nm and the other between 207 and 208.5 nm. The 215-nm resolved band is assigned to the peptide chromophore in a β-pleated sheet conformation and there is no evidence of α-helicity. The lower-wavelength resolved band is believed to have a significant contribution from the N -acetyl groups of glucosamine, galactosamine, and sialic acid, particularly since the glycopeptide fractions, prepared from each gonadotropin by digestion of the S -carboxymethyl derivatives with Pronase, exhibited a negative circular dichroic extremum at about 207 nm. The extent of β-structure in both gonadotropins is estimated to be about 28% whereas the separated subunits contain less β-structure, e.g., about 21 and 13% for the α- and β-subunits, respectively. The sum of the subunit β-structure, corrected for the respective molecular weight of each subunit, is about 17%. This is substantially less than that of the native hormone, thus indicating that significant conformational changes occur during gonadotropin dissociation to the biologically inactive subunits. Also, part of the gonadotropin β-structure may arise from intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving a pleated sheet arrangement between the subunits.
Customer knowledge management and the strategies of social software

Purpose – Social software emerges as an important and effective tool for customer knowledge management (CKM). However, the supporting role of social software in CKM is not well understood. This paper aims to bridge the gap by studying the implementation of social software to effectively manage customer knowledge assets.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analytically models and investigates the optimal level of social software for a firm who maximizes its transactional benefits through managing a consumer knowledge system. The system consists of a customer knowledge base and social software that dynamically affects the customer knowledge base through customers' interactions.Findings – The paper shows that the optimal level of social software can be obtained under certain conditions and how the level changes with the initial index of customer knowledge base, transactional benefits, and the positive and negative effects of the social software. In addition, it provides guidelines to implement social soft...
Administration and the third ear.

A knowledge of individual and group psychodynamics and technique can enhance leadership and executive functioning in public mental health programs.
Beyond a Differential: An Inquiry into Southern Paiute Indian Experience with Public Schools

This paper examines the hypothesis that public school education increases the employability and income of Southern Paiute Indians, a minority group in southwestern Utah. Because they are a small group and the population is scattered over a large area, their educational problems are not highly visible. But the compiled statistics show that they have far fewer years of schooling than the general population. Alternate educational facilities available to Paiutes are considered. Further, there is shown to be no relationship between years of schooling and earnings. The problems facing Paiutes today are seen to be not restricted to schools, nor can the solution be achieved by education alone. Rather, the problem has roots in the larger social context of the region, and the solution must involve the entire social system.
Effects of Hypolimnetic Discharge on Fish Health Below a Reservoir

Abstract Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brown trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from two locations in the Buford Dam, Georgia, tailwater and trout from a hatchery that used the tailwater as a water supply were examined for infections, lesions, and liver metal concentrations. Nine genera of parasites, 19 species of bacteria, and one species of virus infected the fish. River fish had no clinical signs of disease resulting from the pathogens. In the hatchery some deaths were caused by bacterial infections, but many moribund fish were not infected. Bacterial isolations from river fish were most frequent in fish collected near the dam and near the date of lowest dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Microscopic lesions were found in the gills, liver, spleen, and trunk kidney of many of the fish that did not have bacterial infections. Rainbow trout were most affected by the conditions in the tailwater and hatchery, and brook trout and yellow perch we...
The Asymptotic Equivalence of the Fisher Information Matrices for Type I and Type II Censored Data from Location-Scale Families

Type I and Type II censored data arise frequently in controlled laboratory studies concerning time to a particular event (e.g., death of an animal or failure of a physical device). Log-location-scale distributions (e.g., Weibull, lognormal, and loglogistic) are commonly used to model the resulting data. Maximum likelihood (ML) is generally used to obtain parameter estimates when the data are censored. The Fisher information matrix can be used to obtain large-sample approximate variances and covariances of the ML estimates or to estimate these variances and covariances from data. The derivations of the Fisher information matrix proceed differently for Type I (time censoring) and Type II (failure censoring) because the number of failures is random in Type I censoring, but length of the data collection period is random in Type II censoring. Under regularity conditions (met with the above-mentioned log-location-scale distributions), we outline the different derivations and show that the Fisher information mat...
A Hot Spot of Genetic Instability in Autism

Sixty-five years after Leo Kanner first described autism,1 we are beginning to move beyond description of this clinically heterogeneous neurobehavioral syndrome toward a deeper understanding of its...
Load transfer in skip welded stiffened panels

A procedure is presented for the analysis of skip welded stiffened panels subjected to a variety of boundary conditions and loads. Particular attention is given to loads due to lateral pressure and loads due to differential thermal expansion of the plate and stiffener. A special link element is used to model the skip welded interface between the plate and the stiffener.
Regeneration of Sensory Axons within the Injured Spinal Cord Induced by Intraganglionic cAMP Elevation

The peripheral branch of primary sensory neurons regenerates after injury, but there is no regeneration when their central branch is severed by spinal cord injury. Here we show that microinjection of a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP in lumbar dorsal root ganglia markedly increases the regeneration of injured central sensory branches. The injured axons regrow into the spinal cord lesion, often traversing the injury site. This result mimics the effect of a conditioning peripheral nerve lesion. We also demonstrate that sensory neurons exposed to cAMP in vivo, when subsequently cultured in vitro, show enhanced growth of neurites and an ability to overcome inhibition by CNS myelin. Thus, stimulating cAMP signaling increases the intrinsic growth capacity of injured sensory axons. This approach may be useful in promoting regeneration after spinal cord injury.
Palmar arthroplasty for the treatment of the stiff swan-neck deformity.

Palmar arthroplasty for the treatment of the stiff swan-neck deformity in rheumatoid arthritis is designed to correct the mechanical block to flexion that is caused by palmar plate adhesions (which obliterate the retrocondylar recess) and by collateral ligament contracture and adhesions. This procedure can be performed at the same time as correction of the primary cause of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) hyperextension (e.g., intrinsic tightness or flexor tenosynovitis) and can also be supplemented with superficialis tenodesis to minimize recurrent hyperextension. Postoperative flexor dynamic traction, which is started at 24 to 48 hours and continued for a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks, is critical to the maintenance of motion. Arthroplasty in 47 PIP joints in 14 hands of 9 patients demonstrate an increase in motion from + 20° hyperextension and 9.5° flexion to −7° extension and 72° flexion postoperatively.
Microscopic model of electronic Kerr effect in strong electric fields of intense femtosecond laser pulses

Ultrafast electronic Kerr non-linearity in bulk dielectrics is described by the dynamic Franz-Keldysh effect, corresponding to dynamic coherent renormalization of their bandgaps in strong electrical fields of intense IR or visible femtosecond laser pulses
On the Extraction and Analysis of a Social Network with Partial Organizational Observation

The behavior of an organization may be inferred based on the behavior of its members, their contacts, and their connectivity. One approach to organizational analysis is the construction and interpretation of a social network graph, where entities of an organization (persons, vehicles, locations, events, etc.) are nodes, and edges represent varying kinds of connectivity between entities. This paper describes a transformation based approach to the extraction of a social network graph, where the original data comprising (partial) observation of the organization are embedded on a graph with a different ontology, and with many entities and edges that are unrelated to the organization of interest. Social network extraction allows the inference of implied relationships, and the selection of relationships relevant for intended analysis techniques. The analysis of the resulting social network graph is based on organizational and individual analysis, in order to permit an advanced user to draw conclusions regarding the behavior of the organization, based on established social network graph metrics. The results of the paper include a discussion of the complexity of analysis, and how the observation data graph is pruned in order to scale the application of analysis algorithms.
K-group A* for multiple sequence alignment with quasi-natural gap costs

Alignment of multiple protein or DNA sequences is an important problem in bioinformatics. Previous work has shown that the A* search algorithm can find optimal alignments for up to several sequences, and that a K-group generalization of A* can find approximate alignments for much larger numbers of sequences [T. Ikeda et al. (1999)]. In this paper, we describe the first implementation of K-group A* that uses quasinatural gap costs, the cost model used in practice by biologists. We also introduce a new method for computing gap-opening costs in profile alignment. Our results show that K-group A* can efficiently find optimal or close-to-optimal alignments for small groups of sequences, and, for large numbers of sequences, it can find higher-quality alignments than the widely-used CLUSTAL family of approximate alignment tools. This demonstrates the benefits of A* in aligning large numbers of sequences, as typically compared by biologists, and suggests that K-group A* could become a practical tool for multiple sequence alignment.
Meta-Analysis of 301 Slope Failure Calculations. II: Database Analysis

In response to the growing need for statistical information regarding slope stability risk analysis, this work applies inferential analysis to a compiled database of 157 failed slopes and corresponding 301 safety factor (SF) calculations. As presented in the companion paper, this database also includes a number of slope stability factors, including analytical method used, stress approach (effective versus total), assumed slip surface geometry, slope type, applied correction factors, and soil Atterburg limits. Although the SF data were found to be fairly well fit by a lognormal distribution, pronounced curvature of the residuals was observed, likely related to various unaccounted slope factors. In response, inferential statistics are used in this paper to analyze the effects of analytical method, slope type, soil plasticity, and effective versus total stress analysis. ANOVA hypothesis testing indicated significant differences between analytical methods and significant interactions between slope types and pore-water stress approaches. Direct SF calculation methods, such as infinite slope, wedge, and the ordinary method of slices were found to produce SF near 1 as expected, but higher order methods in general, and force methods in particular, predicted safety factors significantly greater than 1. Clay content alone was not a discernible influence on SF calculations. A reduced factor ANOVA model was developed to predict SF, given analytical method (a main effect) and the interactions between analytical method with both slope type and pore-water pressure approach.
The role of extracellular material in chick neurulation. I. Effects of concanavalin A

The distribution of extracellular material (ECM) in developing neuroepithelium of stage 8+ chick embryos was investigated using lanthanum nitrate. The temporal changes in the distribution of ECM was correlated with the ongoing morphogenetic movements. The most striking finding was that as the folds were about to meet, thick dense ECM appeared between leading edges. Concanavalin A inhibited neural tube closure by binding to cell surfaces and disrupting the usual distribution of ECM in developing neuroepithelium.
The Making of American Working‐Class Literature

This essay traces a line of American literary history that emerges from the lives of workers. Starting with early ballads and songs from indentured servants and enslaved blacks and concluding with contemporary multicultural writing, it documents a process of cultural formation that is embedded in class relationships and struggles. Events in labor history and conditions of unsafe work become the subjects for cultural expression as poems, songs, stories, and novels at the time of the event and as reclaimed cultural/labor antecedents by future generations. The writing shows a reciprocal worker visibility across time and across race, gender, and ethnic differences. The continuous thread is struggle – for physical and material sustainability – and for the right of human expression. Drawing on the chronology of working-class writing from the anthology, American Working-Class Literature (co-edited with Nicholas Coles, Oxford University Press), the author shows how American working-class literature is at once a literary line, a body of work, and a labor line, the work of bodies.
Logical vs. numerical inference on statistical databases

As computer databases have become more prevalent and comprehensive, they have prompted concerns about the confidentiality of sensitive information. Database administrators require effective policies to guard against disclosure of confidential information while at the same time providing reasonable access to legitimate users. A general method is available for determining if disclosure of sensitive information may result from inference over multiple database tables. This method relies on the logical structure of the tables, and is thus independent of the actual contents. After reviewing this method, we present new numerical techniques which in some cases allow inference of sensitive data even in instances pronounced safe by the logical method. These new techniques exploit the contents of the tables, and one makes use of a pair of new matrix operators. A real-world example of a multi-table inference process is given.
Economic Evaluation of Breast Cancer Treatment: Considering the Value of Patient Choice

Purpose: To use 5 years of primary data to compare the incremental cost-effectiveness of breast conservation and radiation versus mastectomy with the restriction of choice to a single therapy versus providing a choice of either therapy. Patients and Methods: We evaluated a random retrospective cohort of 2,517 Medicare beneficiaries treated for newly diagnosed stage I or II breast cancer from 1992 through 1994. The outcome measures were quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and 5-year medical costs. Risk and propensity score adjustments were used in the analysis. Results: A breast conservation and radiation regimen has significantly higher costs than mastectomy in the first year after surgery; the adjusted 5-year costs are $14,054 (95% confidence interval, $9,791 to $18,312) greater than those of mastectomy. The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing breast conservation and radiation to mastectomy was $219,594 per QALY for the comparison of the two strategies. If the possibility of patient c...
Antidotal efficacy of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning.

Alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium thiosulfate antagonize the toxic effects of cyanide. The present study was performed to test whether a synergistic effect may occur. The alpha-ketoglutaric acid/s...
Using service utilization metrics to assess the structure of product line architectures

Metrics have long been used to measure and evaluate software products and processes. Many metrics have been developed that have lead to different degrees of success. Software architecture is a discipline in which few metrics have been applied, a surprising fact given the critical role of software architecture in software development. Software product line architectures represent one area of software architecture in which we believe metrics can be of especially great use. The critical importance of the structure defined by a product line architecture requires that its properties be meaningfully assessed and that informed architectural decisions be made to guide its evolution. To begin addressing this issue, we have developed a class of closely related metrics that specifically target product line architectures. The metrics are based on the concept of service utilization and explicitly take into account the context in which individual architectural elements are placed. We define the metrics, illustrate their use, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses through their application on three example product line architectures.
Factor VIII mutation and desmopressin‐responsiveness in 62 patients with mild haemophilia A

Summary Utilization of the synthetic vasopressin analogue (1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, DDAVP) in treatment of mild haemophilia A (MHA, specific clotting factor VIII activity level 0.05–0.4 IU mL−1) is convenient and effective for many but not all patients. Genetic testing for patients with MHA is increasingly recognized as providing valuable information for patient care beyond informing reproductive decisions, and as more patients are genotyped, mutation data can be utilized to individualize treatment decisions. To determine if genetic information informs response to DDAVP, a retrospective chart review was performed under Institutional Review Board approval to extract patient data with MHA, genetic mutation results, and response to DDAVP challenge. 62 patients met inclusion criteria. Complete responses (C) presented in mean value IU mL−1 (range), were recorded for 32 of 62(52%) subjects: pre 0.19(0.04–0.45) and post 0.78(0.5–1.95); partial responses (P) were recorded for 15 of 62(24%) subjects: pre 0.1(0.06–0.15) and post 0.4(0.3–0.47); responses that were not clinically significant (N) were recorded for 15 of 62(24%) subjects: pre 0.17(0.02–0.34) and post 0.25(0.03–0.44). Subjects (related and unrelated) with the same mutation showed a trend towards a similar response to DDAVP. Eight genotypes were common to two or more subjects (n = 26). Two genotypes were concordant in all subjects [p.Ser2192Ile n = 3(C), p.Ala2220Pro n = 2(P)]. Of mutations in the C1 or C2 domains, 13 of 15(87%) subjects responded to DDAVP [C = 9(60%); P = 4(27%); n = 2(13%)]. Baseline FVIII:C did not predict magnitude of response to DDAVP. Genetic mutation results can assist with predicting DDAVP responsiveness, but baseline FVIII:C may not.
Central Component Descriptors for Levels of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge.

Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) proposes a theoretical framework that incorporates four central components: an overarching conception of what it means to teach with technology, knowledge of students' thinking and understandings of specific topics with technologies, knowledge of curricular materials that incorporate technologies, and knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching subject matter with technologies. This interpretive case study, conducted over a 3-year period, identified descriptors aligned with the four central components of TPACK to highlight differences in teachers' knowledge levels when integrating spreadsheets as learning tools in mathematics.
Unique Matching Patterns in Remarriage: Educational Assortative Mating Among Divorced Men and Women

Educational assortative mating is a crucial aspect of marriage formation because it confers benefits such as improved health and well-being, affects economic standing, and reflects the level of gender equity within marriage. However, little is known about educational assortative mating patterns in remarriage. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort, this study addresses this shortcoming in two ways. First, I compare educational assortative mating patterns in first and second marriages. Second, I address characteristics associated with homogamy, hypergamy, and hypogamy in remarriage. The results show that assortative mating patterns in remarriage are distinct from those in first marriage, remarriage patterns are unique by educational attainment and gender, and these patterns are not explained by differences in income, age, or parental status. The results illustrate the need for theories which specifically address the unique nature of remarriage in the United States.
Endoscopic radial artery harvesting: results of first 300 patients

Abstract Background . With the expanded use of the radial artery as a bypass conduit in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, an endoscopic radial artery harvesting method was used to improve esthetics and patient acceptance, and possibly, to decrease hand neurologic complications. Methods . After informed consent and confirmation of adequate ulnar collateral blood flow, 300 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had their nondominant radial artery endoscopically removed through a small 3-cm incision just proximal to the radial styloid prominence. Standard endoscopic vein equipment (30-degree 5-mm endoscope, subcutaneous retractor, and vessel dissector) with ultrasonic harmonic coagulating shears were used. After radial artery isolation, the radial artery was proximally clipped and transected 1 to 2 cm distal to the visualized ulnar artery origin to the inferior end of the wrist incision. Results . The mean age was 62.2 years; 23% of the patients were women, 39% had diabetes mellitus, and 28% had peripheral vascular disease. All 300 endoscopic radial arteries were grossly acceptable and used for grafting. Early in the series, 29 patients (9.7%) required a second 3-cm incision proximally for vascular control. Only one wrist incision was required at the last 200 cases. The conduit length varied between 18 and 24 cm. Occurring early in the series, hospital complications were two tunnel hematomas requiring drainage and one brachial artery clipping repaired primarily without sequela. At 30 days postoperative follow-up, 5 patients (1.6%) had been treated with oral antibiotics for incisional cellulitis and 26 patients (8.7%) had objective dorsal thenar sensory numbness. No ischemic hand complication, perioperative myocardial infarction, reintervention in radial artery graft distribution, or numbness in the lateral forearm occurred. All patients expressed marked satisfaction with the small incision and cosmetic result. Conclusions . In our initial experience, endoscopic radial artery harvesting can be performed safely, with minor, infrequent complications. A full-length radial artery conduit can be obtained with improved esthetics and patient satisfaction and acceptance. Late dorsal thenar paresthesias, although infrequent, continue to be a problem as with the open method.