cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative studies on the inhibition of crystalline urease by rabbit anti-urease

Abstract 1. 1. Quantitative precipitin studies with crystalline urease and antiurease have been performed. The resulting data provide information concerning the combining proportions of the enzyme and antibody on a weight basis. 2. 2. Urease is inhibited by rabbit anti-urease. 3. 3. The extent of inhibition of the enzyme by specific antiserum is dependent upon the ratio of antibody to antigen employed. The greatest inhibition, about 80 %, was achieved with a reaction mixture containing a large excess of antibody. 4. 4. Under the conditions of this study, complement was not found to play a role in the inhibition of urease by anti-urease.
On Parallel Computation for the Knapsack Problem

We are interested in the complexity of solving the knapsack problem with n input real numbers on a parallel computer with real arithmetic and branching operations. A processor-time tradeoff constraint is derived; in particular, it is shown that an exponential number of processors have to be used if the problem is to be solved in time $t \le {\sqrt{n}}/2$.
Distinct Innate Immune Gene Expression Profiles in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most frequent skin cancers in humans. An intact immune system is critical for protection against SCC since organ transplant recipients (OTR) have a 60- to 100-fold higher risk for developing these tumors. The role of the innate immune system in tumor immunosurveillance is unclear. Our aim was to determine the expression of selected innate immune genes in BCC and SCC arising in immunocompetent and OTR patients. Lesional and peri-lesional skin from 28 SCC and 19 BCC were evaluated for mRNA expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) 1–9, downstream TLR signaling molecules, and antimicrobial peptides. 11 SCC occurring in OTR patients were included in the analysis. We found that SCC but not BCC showed significantly elevated expression of TLRs 1–3, 5–8, TRIF and TRAF1. TNF was increased in SCC compared to normal skin. BCC showed increased IFNγ. hBD1, hBD2 and psoriasin mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in SCC than in normal skin and higher than in BCC. SCC from OTR showed only an increase in hBD2 but no increase in hBD1 or psoriasin. We conclude that innate immune gene expression in SCC is distinct from normal skin and BCC. BCC shows lesser induction of innate immune genes. SCC from OTR patients have depressed expression of hBD1 and psoriasin compared to SCC from immunocompetent patients.
How can global journalists represent the ‘Other’? A critical assessment of the cultural studies concept for media practice

Many cultural studies scholars analyze media texts to show evidence of problematic representations of the ‘Other’. I transfer these concepts to current global media practice, especially television journalism. As an exemplar, I use travel journalism as a site where representing the Other is the constitutive part of the work. Standard television production praxis is evaluated through insights from visual anthropology and cultural studies. Moreover, actual journalistic strategies are proposed that help create more open texts and encourage multiple representations. The cultural studies concept of ‘Representing the Other’ is helpful as a model for text and media critique. Yet it lacks the potential to overcome the epistemological dilemma journalists face when covering others. Only self-reflective and critical approaches towards traditionalritualistic reporting and production strategies can help to disentangle problematic media representations.
PCR cloning of an orphan homeobox gene (PRH) preferentially expressed in myeloid and liver cells

Homeobox genes are members of a family of transcription factors that regulate tissue development in many different organisms. We set out to identify homeobox genes that might play a role in hematopoiesis. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved homeobox sequences in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we cloned from the HL60 promyelocytic cell line a homeobox gene we now designate PRH. We mapped this gene, which was not homologous to any of the previously described homeobox genes, to chromosome 10, a region outside of the known genomic homeobox clusters. Northern blot hybridization indicates that PRH is preferentially expressed in myeloid and liver cells. The structure, chromosomal location, and pattern of expression of PRH indicate that it represents an orphan homeobox gene that may regulate the lineage development of certain hematopoietic cells.
Quasi-neutrality in the polar cusp

Data from the High Altitude Plasma Instrument on Dynamics Explorer have shown a remarkably close correspondence between the densities of suprathermal electrons and positive ions at altitudes between 16,000 and 23,000 km in the polar cusp. It is argued that this quasi-neutrality results from an ambipolar electric field at the magnetopause, which allows the entry of magnetosheath electrons only to the extent required to balance the charge carried by the positive ions.
Creating a course-based Web site in a university environment

Abstract The delivery of educational materials is undergoing a remarkable change from the traditional lecture method to dissemination of courses via the World Wide Web. This paradigm shift from a paper-based structure to an electronic one has profound implications for university faculty. Students are enrolling in classes with the expectation of using technology and logging on to the Internet, and professors are realizing that the potential of the Web can have a significant impact on classroom activities. An effective method of integrating electronic technologies into teaching and learning is to publish classroom materials on the World Wide Web. Already, many faculty members are creating their own home pages and Web sites for courses that include syllabi, handouts, and student work. Additionally, educators are finding value in adding hypertext links to a wide variety of related Web resources from online research and electronic journals to government and commercial sites. A number of issues must be considered when developing course-based Web sites. These include meeting the needs of a target audience, designing effective instructional materials, and integrating graphics and other multimedia components. There are also numerous technical issues that must be addressed in developing, uploading and maintaining HTML documents. This article presents a model for a university faculty who want to begin using the Web in their teaching and is based on the experiences of two College of Education professors who are using the Web as an integral part of their graduate courses.
Biosystematic studies of the red algal genus Eucheuma. I. Electrophoretic variation among Florida populations

Electrophoretic techniques were used to assess the degree of genetic differentiation among 4 species of the seaweed Eucheuma; E. isiforme, E. nudum, E. gelidium and E. acanthocladum. Nine Floridian populations were surveyed for 5 enzymes (14 loci), and compared using both phenotypic identity (I p )and Nei's genetic identity (I) statistics. Results suggest there is a very high degree of genetic similarity between E. isiforme and E. nudum (Ī=0.904), and between E. gelidium and E. acanthocladum (Ī=0.857), but a very low degree of similarity between these two pairs of species (Ī=0.372). These findings are in agreement with an earlier report which recommended the removal of E. gelidium and E. acanthocladum from the genus based on differences in reproductive anatomy. Greater genetic similarity was observed among the E. isiforme populations than among the E. nudum populations, the latter being ecologically more diverse and geographically or hydrographically more isolated. The proportion of polymorphic loci per population ranged from 0.25 to 0.36. Heterozygote deficiencies were observed at two acid phosphatase loci in offshore populations of E. nudum which showed a propensity for vegetative reproduction.
Septic embolism complicating infective endocarditis.

Abstract Embolic phenomena in patients with infective endocarditis may complicate the placement of a cardiac valvular prosthesis. To evaluate the vascular consequences of these emboli, a 15-year review of 102 patients undergoing valve replacement for proven infective endocarditis was undertaken. Thirty-one patients with 36 episodes of septic embolization were identified. Ten of these were separate extremity occlusive events. All patients with extremity emboli were admitted with pain; four had limb-threatening emboli. All patients grew gram-positive bacteria from their blood except a single Candida albicans isolate. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy was used in all patients. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis in 11 of 12 patients. Embolic targets included the lower extremities in all except a single instance. Four patients had multiple emboli. All but one of the vascular procedures were carried out subsequent to or simultaneously with cardiac valve replacement. Initial operative management included embolectomy (4) and primary amputation (2). Two delayed procedures were required. One patient died. Four patients had limited ischemia that resolved with antibiotics and anticoagulation. This report suggests that infective endocarditis requiring valvular replacement is associated with embolization in one third of patients. The presentation of peripheral vascular emboli is that of acute extremity ischemia. The diagnosis should be confirmed by angiography to rule out the possibility of multiple emboli. When possible, valve replacement should precede peripheral vascular management, which may include operative or medical components as dictated by the extent of limb ischemia. (J V ASC S URG 1991;14:480-7.)
Associative symmetry and memory theory

This article reexamines the theory and data concerning two opposing views of episodic association. The independent association hypothesis (IAH) sees associations as unidirectional and separately modifiable links between individual item representations. The associative symmetry hypothesis (ASH) sees an association as a holistic conjunction of the constituent items, blending the elements of their representations into a new one. In early tests of these hypotheses, experimenters compared forward and backward recall of paired associates, looking for asymmetries. Although some studies showed significant differences between forward and backward recall, the vast majority did not. The author of this study used a mathematical analysis of distributed memory models to reexamine this classic question. These analyses revealed that symmetric and asymmetric models can mimic each other, offering identical predictions regarding forward and backward recall. To distinguish these models, the author examined the correlation between forward and backward recall at the level of individual pairs of items. Both this correlation and the correlation between recall of pairs tested in the same direction were near unity. These results provide new evidence favoring the ASH over the IAH.
Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) nitrate and chloride networks with 2-aminopyrimidine

The coordination chemistry of 2-aminopyrimidine (PymNH2) with nickel(II) and cobalt(II) nitrate and chloride is reported, including seven new X-ray crystal structures. Two [Ni(NO3)2(PymNH2)2(OH2)] isomers were found (A: C2/c, a=13.3006(5), b=7.9727(3), c=28.5453(11), β=101.758(2), V=2963.48(19), Z=8 and B·1/2 acetone: P21/c, a=7.66060(10), b=10.6792(2), c=20.6790(3), β=100.2970(10), 1664.48(5), Z=4). In both cases one nitrate is monodentate and the other is chelating and the PymNH2 ligands coordinate through ring nitrogen atoms. Hydrogen bonding results in double sheet structure for isomer A, and a three dimensional channeled network for isomer B. [Co(NO3)2(PymNH2)2(OH2)] (C2/c, a=13.3507(2), b=7.99520(10), c=28.6734(3), β=102.3540(10), V=2989.77(7), Z=8) is isostructural to Ni isomer A. [CoCl2(PymNH2)] (Cmcm, a=3.6139(2), b=14.3170(7), c=12.9986(7), V=672.55(6), Z=4) is a sheet coordination network, consisting of corner-sharing chains of Co2(μ-Cl)2 bridged by PymNH2 through ring nitrogen atoms; [CoCl2(PymNH2)2] (C2/c, a=11.2774(6), b=6.5947(4), c=16.5687(9), β=92.269(3), V=1231.27(12), Z=4) is a tetrahedral molecule knit into a ribbon structures through pairs of hydrogen bonds. Isostructural trans-[NiCl2(PymNH2)4] (C2/c, a=7.67760(10), b=18.7224(3), c=15.0418(2), β=99.6740(10), V=2131.41(5), Z=4) and trans-[CoCl2(PymNH2)4] (C2/c, a=7.69120(10), b=18.5957(2), c=15.1091(2), β=99.5280(10), V=2131.14(5), Z=4) are simple octahedral molecules, with hydrogen-bonding producing sheet structures.
Convergence of effective Hamiltonian expansion and partial summations of folded diagrams

Abstract Starting from a time-dependent formulation of the energy-independent effective hamiltonian, a sequence of partial summations for the folded-diagram series is defined and a connection between the energy-independent and energy-dependent effective hamiltonians is shown. The partial summations are shown to be convergent in the presence of intruder states which are weakly coupled to the model space.
Constraints from magnetotelluric measurements on magmatic processes and upper mantle structure in the vicinity of Lassen volcanic center, northern California

A 250-km-long broadband and long-period (0.01–20,000 s periods) magnetotelluric (MT) line along latitude 40½°N spans from the California-Nevada border at longitude 120°W across the buried extension of the northern Sierra Nevada, the southern Cascades arc, and the subducting Gorda plate to longitude 123°W. The resulting resistivity cross section reveals conductors at the locations of dewatering of the subducting metasomatized crust at 100 km depth, partial melting of the mantle wedge at 40–60 km depth, and melting in the crust shallower than 40 km. The conductor at 100 km is too conductive (8 S/m) to result solely from magma; very conductive fluids must be present either separately or incorporated into hydrous melts. A melt fraction of 7% is estimated for the mantle wedge (average conductivity is 0.06 S/m). Sites of Pleistocene and Holocene volcanism at Lassen Peak, Hat Creek, and Poison Lake are closely associated with crustal conductors inferred to be shallow magma. The MT study also reveals presumably basaltic magma at 40–50 km depth in the upper mantle where the eastern end of the profile extends into the Basin and Range province.
Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in subjects practicing transcendental meditation

Several studies suggest that behavioral techniques such as meditation and relaxation may be associated with reduced end organ adrenergic receptor sensitivity. Thus far the evidence supporting this hypothesis has been indirect. We present preliminary findings showing reduced beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in a group of subjects practicing Transcendental Meditation. The meditation group (N = 10), compared to controls (N = 10), had a lower percentage of functional lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors (p = 0.009), but showed no difference in total receptor number or plasma catecholamines. There were no differences between the groups in Type A behavior, the Type A components, exercise, or family history of hypertension. The results provide some support for studies postulating that meditation is associated with reduced sympathetic adrenergic receptor sensitivity, and provide encouragement for the efficacy of receptor measurement in psychophysiology research.
Unconventional effects of estrogen uncovered.

The nigrostriatal dopamine system shows marked gender differences that, in many cases, can be attributable to estrogen. However, the virtual absence of conventional estrogen receptors within the nigrostriatal dopamine system has made it difficult to understand how estrogen can function within this system. Recent findings have helped to uncover how estrogen can affect a discrete function of striatal dopamine-containing neurons – transporter activity – in a manner similar to that achieved through alterations in dopamine D 2 receptors and their associated G protein. These findings suggest that the effects of estrogen on dopamine transporter function could result from a signal transduction interaction involving D 2 receptor–G protein coupling.
Rapid 1α,25(OH)2D3 membrane-mediated activation of Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in growth plate chondrocytes requires Pdia3, PLAA and caveolae

1α,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] regulates growth zone chondrocytes (GC) via classical steroid hormone receptor-mediated gene transcription and by initiating rapid membrane-mediated signaling pathways. 1α,25(OH)2D3 initiates its membrane effects via its specific membrane-associated receptor (Pdia3) in caveolae. 1α,25(OH)2D3 binding to Pdia3 leads to phospholipase-A2 (PLA2)-activating protein (PLAA) activation, stimulating PLA2, resulting in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release and protein kinase C activation. Recently, we reported that 1α,25(OH)2D3 rapidly activates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in GC cells. However, the roles of Pdia3, PLAA and caveolae in 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent rapid activation of CaMKII are not clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the roles of Pdia3, PLAA and caveolae in 1α,25(OH)2D3 membrane-stimulated CaMKII activation. Pre-treating chondrocytes from the growth zone of the rat costochondral cartilage with antibodies against PLAA or Pdia3 blocked activation of CaMKII by 1α,25(OH)2D3. PLAA peptide rapidly activated CaMKII in GC cells. Caveolae disruption abolished CaMKII activation in response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 or PLAA peptide treatment. Immunoprecipitation studies showed increased CaM binding to PLAA in response to 1α,25(OH)2D3. The results indicated that Pdia3, PLAA and caveolae are required for rapid 1α,25(OH)2D3 membrane-mediated activation of CaMKII. 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling via Pdia3 receptor triggered the interaction between PLAA and CaM suggesting that CaM may play a major role linking PLAA to CaMKII in membrane-mediated actions of 1α,25(OH)2D3.
Perceptions of international teaching assistants: The interrelatedness of intercultural training, cognition, and emotion

Studies of perceptions of non‐native speakers have traditionally focused on the effects of global stereotypes and nonverbal behaviors on audience receptivity. The affective mindset of the audience has until now been largely ignored. Another factor that has been ignored is the intercultural sensitivity of audience members, particularly of U.S. undergraduates who are taught by international teaching assistants (TAs). This study (N = 422) tested the underlying relationships among 1) intercultural training of U.S. undergraduates exposed to the Intercultural Sensitizer, role playing, and a disclosure statement highlighting that the speaker, an international TA, was speaking in a second language; 2) dispositional or situational attributions made by members of the audience; 3) the emotions experienced by audience members; and 4) audience members’ comprehension and evaluation of speaker competence. Results generally confirmed the hypotheses of the interrelatedness between intercultural training, cognition, and em...
Solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations by Chebyshev expansion methods

Abstract The steady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in both the vorticity-stream function and the vorticity-velocity formulation are solved by Chebyshev expansion methods. Numerical experiments for the driven flow in a rectangular cavity and the developing flow in a circular tube at low Reynolds numbers are described.
Ab initio calculations of the ring-opened and ring-closed isomers of C2H4O+: the need for high level electron correlation techniques

Abstract Ab initio calculations, including electron correlation, have been performed with split-valence plus polarization basis sets for isomeric C 2 H 4 O + radical cations. MP2/6-31G ∗ calculations do not predict correct geometries for the lowest energy cation. This is attributed to spin contamination as observed in a study of the thiirane radical cation. Symmetry breaking in the closed, C 2v , cation is observed at the MP2 level. CI calculations are necessary to eliminate this effect. The lowest energy ring-opened CH 2 OCH 2 + isomer is predicted, at the G2/QCI level, to be 26.2 kcal mol −1 lower than the ring-closed radical cations.
Determination of Left Ventricular Volumes by Ultrasound

We compared dimensions of the left ventricular minor axis (S) measured at enddiastole (SD) and end-systole (SS) by echocardiography with dimensions and left ventricular volumes measured by biplane angiocardiography in 27 patients with diverse cardiac abnormalities. There were high correlations between echographic and angiographic ventricular minor-axis dimensions (r = 0.85 for SD and 0.87 for SS), between echographic dimensions and ventricular volumes (r = 0.84 for end-systolic volume [ESV] and SS, 0.83 for end-diastolic volume [EDV] and SD), and between the relative change in the echographic minor axis with systole (% Δ S) and ejection fraction (r = 0.79). Regression formulae were derived from these relationships which allowed calculation of ventricular volumes from echo dimensions alone: ESV = 47 SD—120, EDV = 59 SD—153. These equations allowed relatively accurate prediction of volumes over a wide range of ventricular sizes. The use of a cube function of the echographic minor axis was an accurate predic...
Bayesian Estimation of Survival Functions under Stochastic Precedence

When estimating the distributions of two random variables, X and Y, investigators often have prior information that Y tends to be bigger than X. To formalize this prior belief, one could potentially assume stochastic ordering between X and Y, which implies Pr(X ≤ z)≥ Pr(Y ≤ z) for all z in the domain of X and Y. Stochastic ordering is quite restrictive, though, and this article focuses instead on Bayesian estimation of the distribution functions of X and Y under the weaker stochastic precedence constraint, Pr(X ≤ Y)≥ 0.5. We consider the case where both X and Y are categorical variables with common support and develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm for posterior computation. The method is then generalized to the case where X and Y are survival times. The proposed approach is illustrated using data on survival after tumor removal for patients with malignant melanoma.
Effect of Collateral Blood Flow on Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Our aim was to determine the relationships between angiographic collaterals and diffusion/perfusion findings, subsequent infarct growth, and clinical outcome in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke. Methods— Sixty patients with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score of 0 or 1 and internal carotid artery/M1 occlusion at baseline were evaluated. A blinded reader assigned a collateral score using a previous 5-point scale, from 0 (no collateral flow) to 4 (complete/rapid collaterals to the entire ischemic territory). The analysis was dichotomized to poor flow (0–2) versus good flow (3–4). Collateral score was correlated with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, diffusion-weighted imaging volume, perfusion-weighted imaging volume (Tmax ≥6 seconds), TICI reperfusion, infarct growth, and modified Rankin Scale score at day 90. Results— Collateral score correlated with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( P =0.002) and median volume of tissue at Tmax ≥6 seconds ( P =0.009). Twenty-nine percent of patients with poor collateral flow had TICI 2B–3 reperfusion versus 65.5% with good flow ( P =0.009). Patients with poor collaterals who reperfused (TICI 2B–3) were more likely to have a good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 at 90 days) compared with patients who did not reperfuse (odds ratio, 12; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–98). There was no difference in the rate of good functional outcome after reperfusion in patients with poor collaterals versus good collaterals ( P =1.0). Patients with poor reperfusion (TICI 0–2a) showed a trend toward greater infarct growth if they had poor collaterals versus good collaterals ( P =0.06). Conclusions— Collaterals correlate with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, perfusion-weighted imaging volume, and good reperfusion. However, target mismatch patients who reperfuse seem to have favorable outcomes at a similar rate, irrespective of the collateral score. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT01349946][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01349946&atom=%2Fstrokeaha%2Fearly%2F2014%2F02%2F25%2FSTROKEAHA.113.004085.atom
Eos mission design utilizing the Space Station platforms

NASA is formulating a program that will encompass many scientific disciplines and involve a large share of the international scientific community in the study of planet earth. The mission is planned for the 1990s and will involve at least four spacecraft: two provided by the NASA and one each provided by European Space Agency (ESA) and Japan. The NASA platforms will utilize elements of the Space Station Freedom program to provide the basic spacecraft engineering subsystems. These subsystems are intended to serve as the basis for future earth orbiting United States spacecraft.
Freedom between the Lines: Clothing Behavior and Identity Work among Young Female Soccer Players.

Our research examines the relationship among identity, age, gender and athleticism through a study of the association between sports clothing and the identity work of pre-adolescent female soccer players. Based on participant-observation and interviews conducted at three co-ed youth soccer camps, we find that age is an important element of identity, particularly as it intersects with the girls’ evolving understanding of femininity and engagement in athletics. While age can be credited with providing freedom in which clothing is deployed as a device for identity construction, its intersection with gender and athleticism also constrains girls’ clothing behavior.
Procedures to Mitigate the Impact of Solenopsis Invicta Virus 3 In Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rearing Facilities

caused by SINV-3 over the ensuing 3 years. We suspected that infectious SINV-3 particles were being disseminated in pieces of dried, friable ant corpses. Unlike SINV-1 and -2, which are limited to the midgut, the SINV-3 infection is systemic (Valles 2012). The extent of this suspected contamination was verified by conducting swab tests of the insectary for the presence of SINV-3 by RT-PCR. Surfaces of the floors and table tops in all 3 rearing areas, each in separate buildings at CMAVE were found contaminated with SINV-3 (mean 83%, n = 15). Indeed, dead ants in colonies often contained greater than 1 × 10 9 SINV-3
The Moraxella catarrhalis Nitric Oxide Reductase Is Essential for Nitric Oxide Detoxification

Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative obligate aerobe that is an important cause of human respiratory tract infections. The M. catarrhalis genome encodes a predicted truncated denitrification pathway that reduces nitrate to nitrous oxide. We have previously shown that expression of both the M. catarrhalis aniA (encoding a nitrite reductase) and norB (encoding a putative nitric oxide reductase) genes is repressed by the transcriptional regulator NsrR under aerobic conditions and that M. catarrhalis O35E nsrR mutants are unable to grow in the presence of low concentrations of nitrite (W. Wang, et al., J. Bacteriol. 190:7762-7772, 2008). In this study, we constructed an M. catarrhalis norB mutant and showed that planktonic growth of this mutant is inhibited by low levels of nitrite, whether or not an nsrR mutation is present. To determine the importance of NorB in this truncated denitrification pathway, we analyzed the metabolism of nitrogen oxides by norB, aniA norB, and nsrR norB mutants. We found that norB mutants are unable to reduce nitric oxide and produce little or no nitrous oxide from nitrite. Furthermore, nitric oxide produced from nitrite by the AniA protein is bactericidal for a Moraxella catarrhalis O35E norB mutant but not for wild-type O35E bacteria under aerobic growth conditions in vitro, suggesting that nitric oxide catabolism in M. catarrhalis is accomplished primarily by the norB gene product. Measurement of bacterial protein S-nitrosylation directly implicates nitrosative stress resulting from AniA-dependent nitric oxide formation as a cause of the growth inhibition of norB and nsrR mutants by nitrite.
Harsh, Firm, and Permissive Parenting in Low-Income Families Relations to Children's Academic Achievement and Behavioral Adjustment

Parents' (primarily mothers) reports of their child-rearing expectations and intentions were measured for 184 low-income urban families when children were in the third and fifth grades. Reports of harsh, firm, and permissive parenting strategies were stable over time. Associations between concurrent parenting strategies and children's adjustment also were evident. Endorsements of harsh parenting strategies were associated with teachers reporting poorer child adjustment at school; firm-responsive parenting strategies were related to lower parent-reported behavior problems in the home. Harsh parenting was negatively associated with children's academic achievement as measured by the Iowa Test of Basic Skills during fifth grade. Reports of parental permissiveness were not associated with measures of child adjustment. Reported parenting in third grade was associated with greater child responsibility during fifth grade. There was little evidence that children's prior adjustment was related to parenting reports ...
SEROLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL SURVEY OF MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM IN WILD TURKEYS (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) FROM SIX WESTERN STATES

From 1986 to 1989, sera from wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), including three subspecies (M. gallopavo intermedia, M. gallopavo merriami and M. gallopavo mexicana) trapped in six western states were tested for antibody to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) (n = 724), M. synoviae (MS) (n = 461) and M. meleagridis (MM) (n = 354) using the rapid plate agglutination (RPA) assay. Subsamples of these sera were also evaluated using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for antibody to MG (n = 664) and MS (n = 403). Attempts were made to isolate mycoplasmas by swabbing the trachea and cloaca of 190 live wild turkeys and from various tissues (sinus, nasal turbinates, trachea, lung, ovaries and oviduct) from 76 turkeys at necropsy. Isolates were identified using an immunobinding assay. Seroprevalence of MG, MS and MM in the RPA test was highly variable among years and geographic sites, ranging from 0 to 85%, 0 to 87%, and 0 to 83%, respectively, for each mycoplasma species. Of the 724 wild turkey sera tested, 20...
Phase II trial of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and carboplatin in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer

Abstract Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains a therapeutic challenge to the medical oncologists. We evaluated the triplet combination of paclitaxel (175 mg/m 2 over 1 h), ifosfamide (2.5 gm/m 2 over 1 h) and carboplatin (AUC=6 over 0.5 h) (PIC) all given on day 1 of a 21 day schedule. Thirty-five patients were entered with a median age of 59 years (range 40–79). The ECOG PS was 0–1 in 86%. A median of 6 cycles were delivered (range 1–6). The principal toxicity was neutropenia with 66% of patients experiencing grade 4 neutropenia. Only 9% of patients experienced febrile neutropenia. One treatment-related death (3%) due to neutropenic sepsis occurred. Non-hematologic toxicity was minimal. The overall response rate was 71% (15% complete response, 56% partial responses). Quality of life appeared to be stable across time. The median survival time was 9.5 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.7–13.2 months) with a 1- and 2-year survival rates of 43% (95% CI, 26–59%) and 16% (95% CI, 2–30%). PIC has activity in ES-SCLC and is associated with a response rate and survival profile similar to other combinations in this disease setting. This regimen has a tolerable toxicity profile and a favorable and convenient administration schedule.
Surgical Management of Pterygium

Pterygia are noncancerous growths of conjunctiva that may require surgical removal because of discomfort, cosmesis, or obstruction of vision. Pterygia often recur after excision. The major goal of pterygium treatment is avoiding recurrence, but complication rates and cosmetic results are also considered. Despite the number of techniques available, there is no consensus on the best procedure. Even the best techniques carry risk of recurrence and complications. In this review, different surgical techniques, graft attachment methods, and adjuvant therapies in current use are discussed. Also discussed are newer techniques that early studies have shown to be promising, but require more investigation before becoming a recommended treatment. The review is intended to provide an overview of the current research to inform surgeons with regard to their decisions and aid researchers in hypothesis generation.
Testing for Rewards: A Pilot Study to Improve Type 1 Diabetes Management in Adolescents

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of monetary reinforcement to increase the frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten adolescents with poorly controlled diabetes enrolled in a 12-week program in which they earned monetary reinforcers based on SMBG frequency ($0.10 per test, with bonuses for ≥4 tests per day, and $251.40 maximum). RESULTS SMBG increased from 1.8 ± 1.0 to 4.9 ± 1.0 tests per day ( P P = 0.05). Adolescents and parents reported high satisfaction with procedures. CONCLUSIONS Reinforcing adolescents for SMBG may increase testing and improve A1C.
Quantification of bone changes in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model by reconstructed three dimensional micro-CT

Background Inflammatory arthritis is a chronic disease, resulting in synovitis and subchondral and bone area destruction, which can severely affect a patient’s quality of life. The most common form of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which many of the disease mechanisms are not well understood. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model is similar to RA as it exhibits joint space narrowing and bone erosion as well as involves inflammatory factors and cellular players that have been implicated in RA pathogenesis. Quantitative data for disease progression in RA models is difficult to obtain as serum blood markers may not always reflect disease state and physical disease indexes are subjective. Thus, it is important to develop tools to objectively assess disease progression in CIA.
Glass transition and melting point of poly(vinyl chloride)

Both the glass transition temperature and the melting point of poly(vinyl chloride have been found to increase as the temperature at which the ample is polymerized is decreased). The glass transition temperature changes from about 70°C. for polymer prepared at 125°C. to about 100°C. for polymer prepared at −80°C. It is believed the increase in percentage of syndiotactic structure which results from decreasing the polymerization temperature is responsible for the change in glass transition temperature. The effect of polymerization temperature on melting point is even more striking. The melting point changes from approximately 160 to above 300°C. on lowering the polymerization temperature from 125 to −80°C. X-ray diffraction studies show that polymers prepared at low temperature form crystals which have a substantial increase in perfection along the chain axis. It seems probable that this increase in crystalline perfection along the chain axis is responsible for the very marked increase in melting point.
Social Learning with Endogenous Network Formation

I study the problem of social learning in a model where agents move sequentially. Each agent receives a private signal about the underlying state of the world, observes the past actions in a neighborhood of individuals, and chooses her action attempting to match the true state. Earlier research in this field emphasizes that herding behavior occurs with a positive probability in certain special cases; recent studies show that asymptotic learning is achievable under a more general observation structure. In particular, with unbounded private beliefs, asymptotic learning occurs if and only if agents observe a close predecessor, i.e., the action of a close predecessor reveals the true state in the limit. However, a prevailing assumption in these studies is that the observation structure in the society is exogenous. In contrast to most of the previous literature, I assume in this paper that observation is endogenous and costly. More specifically, each agent must pay a specific cost to make any observation and can strategically choose the set of actions to observe privately. I introduce the notion of maximal learning (relative to cost) as a natural extension of asymptotic learning: society achieves maximal learning when agents can learn the true state with probability 1 in the limit after paying the cost of observation. I show that observing only a close predecessor is no longer sufficient for learning the true s with unbounded private beliefs and positive costs. Instead, maximal learning occurs if and only if the size of the observations extends to infinity. I provide interesting comparative statics as to how various settings in the model affect the learning probability. For instance, the probability to learn the true state may be higher under positive costs than under zero cost; in addition, the probability to learn the true state may be higher under weaker private signals.
Strengthening Invasion Filters to Reassemble Native Plant Communities: Soil Resources and Phenological Overlap

Preventing invasion by exotic species is one of the key goals of restoration, and community assembly theory provides testable predictions about native community attributes that will best resist invasion. For instance, resource availability and biotic interactions may represent “filters” that limit the success of potential invaders. Communities are predicted to resist invasion when they contain native species that are functionally similar to potential invaders; where phenology may be a key functional trait. Nutrient reduction is another common strategy for reducing invasion following native species restoration, because soil nitrogen (N) enrichment often facilitates invasion. Here, we focus on restoring the herbaceous community associated with coastal sage scrub vegetation in Southern California; these communities are often highly invaded, especially by exotic annual grasses that are notoriously challenging for restoration. We created experimental plant communities composed of the same 20 native species, but manipulated functional group abundance (according to growth form, phenology, and N-fixation capacity) and soil N availability. We fertilized to increase N, and added carbon to reduce N via microbial N immobilization. We found that N reduction decreased exotic cover, and the most successful seed mix for reducing exotic abundance varied depending on the invader functional type. For instance, exotic annual grasses were least abundant when the native community was dominated by early active forbs, which matched the phenology of the exotic annual grasses. Our findings show that nutrient availability and the timing of biotic interactions are key filters that can be manipulated in restoration to prevent invasion and maximize native species recovery.
Theoretical analysis and characterization of the tunable matching networks in low noise amplifiers

This paper provides the analytical background for the tunability in low noise amplifiers achieved by employing a π-network where the series matching capacitor is assumed to be variable. The theoretical outcomes suggest that the choice of the tunable capacitor value will eventually result in a tradeoff between the noise figure (NF) and the input return ratio (S 11 ). By pursuing a minimized noise figure approach, equations relating the value of the tunable capacitor at different frequencies with circuit parameters are derived and confirmed by the simulation results. Finally, it is demonstrated that to accomplish the design targets for NF and S 11 over the tunable band, variable capacitors having quality factors greater than 10 should be utilized.
Study of area scaling effect on integrated circuit reliability based on yield models

Two models for the effect of area scaling on reliability are derived from two distinct yield models with different assumptions on defect distributions. One is derived from the Poisson yield model assuming a uniform random distribution of defects as in an early model. The other is based on the negative binomial yield model to account for deviation from a uniform random distribution of defects caused by clustering. Experimental data from backend test structures show that the model based on defect clustering explains observed data well while the model assuming a uniform random distribution shows a significant departure from it.
A COMPACT HOT-NOZZLE FOURIER-TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER

A newly constructed pulsed nozzle, Fourier‐transform microwave spectrometer utilizes a Fabry–Perot cavity consisting of spherical resonators having diameters of only 10 cm. Tests of this very compact‐cavity system show that its sensitivity is only slightly lower than that of a comparably configured system of the Balle–Flygare design having resonators with diameters of 36 cm. With a volume 50 times smaller than in conventional systems, the compact cavity also requires a much smaller vacuum chamber which can be pumped by a relatively small 6 in. diffusion pump. The system includes an integral ceramic nozzle which can be heated to temperatures above 1000 °C. Spectrometer characteristics have been demonstrated by means of experiments on OCS isotopomers in ground and excited vibrational states, ArOCS complexes, and chloroketene, a reactive intermediate formed by pyrolysis of chloroacetylchloride.
Maintenance and monitoring object models for high-availability network appliances

Increasing numbers of networked appliances that can be monitored and maintained remotely have begun to appear in the consumer electronics market. With the customers' increasing reliance on these appliances, manufacturers are branding their products as highly available, user maintenance-free, or long-lived. Therefore, network appliance manufacturers require a practical maintenance and monitoring system suitable with diverse computing architectures, appliance functionalities, programming languages, and diverse home networks. This paper introduces object models for maintenance and monitoring of high-availability network appliances. These object models were developed with the flexibility of implementation in mind. The proposed object models can be deployed quickly on disparate computing architectures and communication networks.
Improved shuttle vectors for Francisella tularensis genetics

We previously described the construction and characterization of Escherichia coli-Francisella tularensis shuttle vectors, derived from the cryptic Francisella plasmid pFNL10, for the genetic manipulation of F. tularensis ssp. tularensis. We now report further characterization of the biology of these shuttle vectors and the development of a new generation of Francisella plasmids. We show that the addition of ORF3 from pFNL10 can convert an unstable shuttle vector into a stable one, and that this is likely due to increased plasmid copy number. We also describe various improvements to the earlier generations of shuttle vectors, such as the addition of a multiple cloning site containing a novel RsrII restriction endonuclease site for directional insertion of Francisella genes, and the inclusion of the F. tularensis blaB promoter for heterologous gene expression.
THE EFFECT OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS ON FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING AND FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION OF LUMINESCENCE PROBES IN HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE MICELLES

— The fluorescence quenching of the indole chromophore by NO−2 and the fluorescence depolarization of several luminescence probes in aqueous solutions containing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTBr) were measured as a function of added C2–C4 aliphatic alcohol concentration. The fluorescence decay profiles of pyrene in the micellar solutions were also measured to estimate the aggregation number of the micelles. The addition of n-butyl alcohol significantly reduces the fluorescence quenching rate and the aggregation number and increases the extent of fluorescence depolarization in HDTBr micellar systems. The addition of ethyl alcohol shows a similar but smaller effect.
Paratuberculosis in Small Ruminants, Deer, and South American Camelids

Paratuberculosis in sheep, goats, deer, and South American Camelids presents with weight loss as the primary clinical sign of disease. This article focuses on the unique features of Johne's disease in farmed species other than cattle, with an emphasis on the differences in clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and control.
Missing data imputation based on unsupervised simple competitive learning

This paper presents an unsupervised learning method of data imputation technique for missing values. The proposed imputation method avoids getting stuck to the major groups in the dataset. The advantage of the system is demonstrated with different natures of data set; animal classification dataset and 1984 U.S. Congressional Voting Records dataset. The experimental result shows that the imputed dataset based on the proposed Simple Competitive Learning technique is efficient and robust.
A Passive 2 nd -Order Sigma-Delta Modulator for Low-Power Analog-to-Digital Conversion

A passive 2nd-order sigma-delta modulator based on a cascade of first-order lowpass filters was designed, fabricated, and tested. A lumped RC filter is added in the loop of a conventional 1st-order passive sigma-delta modulator in order to improve the linearity of its transfer function. A low power edge-triggered comparator was designed and fabricated along with lumped components in ON Semiconductor’s C5 500-nm process. The implementation achieved a THD below 1% for all frequencies between 10 Hz and 5 kHz. With a 5 V supply the power consumption of the sigma-delta modulator is 64.5 uW to 150 uW depending on the input signal.
The Policy Diffusion of the State R&D Investment Tax Credit:

Since the first U.S. state adopted the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit in the early 1980s, the policy has spread to most of the other states. The diffusion continues with numerous modifications and enhancements to the basic R&D tax credit. This study examines the diffusion of the R&D investment tax credit using event history analysis supported by qualitative research. The conclusions of the research are that the R&D tax credit is an economic development approach associated with an existing manufacturing base and implementation is aided by political factors. Adjacent state competition does not appear to lead toward adoption. Applying these findings to the current literature on the effectiveness of the state R&D tax credits highlights the need for thorough policy evaluation before the adoption of tax credits as part of an economic development program.
A New Species of Monardella (Lamiaceae) from Baja California, Mexico, and Southern California, United States

Monardella stoneana (Lamiaceae), a narrow endemic from northern Baja California, Mexico, and southern San Diego County, California, is described and illustrated. Differences in leaf and bract morphologyS pubescence, stem glands, and habitat separate it from M. Iinoides A. Gray and M. Odoratissima Bentham, apparently its closest relatives. The reinstatement of M. viminea Greene at the specific rank is supported on the basis of distinctive morphology and biological isolation. A key is included to separate M. stoneana from all of the perennial Monardella species known to occur in San Diego County, California.