cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Team Training: A Behavior Modification Approach

Increasingly over the last fifteen years the principles of behavior modification have been applied to the management process and to the training area, This article describes an approach to team training based on behavior modification learning principles and describes how it differsfrom other learning approaches and from common practice. While the implications are strongest for off-site and classroom training, there are implications for process comultation with intact teams.
Fine scale gene flow and individual movements among subpopulations of Centrolene prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae)

Dispersal capabilities determine and maintain local gene flow, and this has implications for popula- tion persistence and/or recolonization following environmental perturbations (natural or anthropogenic), disease outbreaks, or other demographic collapses. To predict recolonization and understand dispersal capacity in a stream-breeding frog, we examined individual movement patterns and gene flow among four subpopulations of the Neotropical glassfrog, Centrolene prosoblepon, at a mid-elevation cloud forest site at El Cope, Panama. We measured male movement directly during a two year mark-recapture study, and indirectly with gene flow estimates from mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA). Individuals of this species showed strong site fidelity: over two years, male frogs in all four headwater streams moved very little (mean = 2.33 m; mode = 0 m). Nine individuals changed streams within one or two years, moving 675-1 108 m. For those males moving more than 10 m, movement was biased upstream (p < 0.001). Using mtDNA ND1 gene sequences, we quantified gene flow within and among headwater streams at two spatial scales: among headwater streams within two adjacent watersheds (2.5 km 2 ) and among streams within a longitudinal gradient covering 5.0 km 2 . We found high gene flow among headwater streams (φ ST = 0.007, p = 0.325) but gene flow was more limited across greater distances (φ CT = 0.322, p = 0.065), even within the same drainage network. Lowland populations of C. prosoblepon poten- tially act as an important source of colonists for upland populations in this watershed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (1): 13-26. Epub 2008 March 31.
On the phonetic and cognitive nature of alveolar stop allophony in American English

I o¤er an evolutionary approach to the English alveolar stop allophony pattern—with one value evolving towards context-dependent naturalness, and the other value evolving towards context-dependent contrastiveness (provided cue expression is su‰cient to avoid neutralization)—arguing that patterns of allophony may be the product of an interaction among phonetic, cognitive, and evolutionary forces.
Prevalence of depression after spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis.

Abstract Objectives To use meta-analysis to synthesize point prevalence estimates of depressive disorder diagnoses for persons who have sustained a spinal cord injury (SCI). Data Sources We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) for studies examining depression after SCI through 2013. We also conducted a manual search of the reference sections of included studies. Study Selection Included studies contained persons with SCI; used a diagnostic measure of depression (ie, an unstructured, semi-structured, or structured clinical interview, and/or a clinician diagnosis); and provided a diagnosis of major or minor depressive episodes for the subjects in the study. Diagnostic criteria were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition, or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Third Edition (including Research Diagnostic Criteria) criteria. Data Extraction The 2 authors of this study screened the titles and abstracts of 1053 unique studies for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Nineteen studies, containing 35,676 subjects and 21 effect size estimates, were included. Data Synthesis The mean prevalence estimate of depression diagnosis after SCI was 22.2%, with a lower-bound estimate of 18.7% and an upper bound estimate of 26.3%. Random effects and mixed effects models were used in this work. A small number of study moderators were explored, including sample sex composition, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version used, data collection method (primary vs secondary), sample traumatic etiology composition, sample injury level and completeness composition, and sample diagnostic composition. Data collection method, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version, and diagnostic composition significantly predicted variation in observed effect size estimates, with primary data collection studies having lower estimates compared with secondary data analysis studies, studies using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnostic criteria having higher estimates compared with studies using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, criteria, and samples comprising individuals diagnosed only with major depression having lower prevalence estimates. Conclusions The existing data on depression after SCI indicate that the prevalence of depression after SCI is substantially greater than that in the general medical population. These results underscore the importance of continued research on measuring depression in persons with SCI and on treatments for depression after SCI.
Dependence of photoacoustic speckles on boundary roughness

Speckles have been considered ubiquitous in all scattering-based coherent imaging technologies. However, as an optical-absorption-based coherent imaging technology, photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) suppresses speckles by building up prominent boundary signals. We theoretically study the dependence of PAT speckles on the boundary roughness, which is quantified by the root-mean-squared value and the correlation length of the boundary height. Both the speckle visibility and the correlation coefficient between the reconstructed and actual boundaries are quantified. If the root-mean-squared height fluctuation is much greater than, and the height correlation length is much smaller than the imaging resolution, the reconstructed boundaries become fully developed speckles. In other words, speckle formation requires large uncorrelated height fluctuations within the resolution cell. The first- and second-order statistics of PAT speckles are also studied experimentally. While the amplitude of the speckles follows a Gaussian distribution, the autocorrelation of the speckle patterns tracks that of the system point spread function.
Protecting embryos and burdening women: assisted reproduction in Italy.

BACKGROUND: A new law in Italy imposes strict conditions on assisted reproduction at a time when many other countries have become more accepting of these techniques. The law has been criticized both in and outside of the country because of its excessive concern with the status of embryos and disregard for the interests of women and infertile couples. METHODS: Bioethical, legal and policy analysis based on published materials. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS: This article shows that ethical concerns about respect for human life and protection of the family and offspring need not burden women and infertile couples to the extent that the new Italian law does. Defining embryos as existing only at syngamy, allowing unpaid sperm and oocyte donation, and permitting the screening of embryos for genetic disease would greatly improve the situation of infertile women in Italy without greatly compromising the values and goals of the Italian law.
Investigation of High Electric Fields at the Electrode-SiC Interface in Photo-Switches

Summary form only given. Besides other applications, photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) have also been used in systems for generating high power microwaves. As a switch material, SiC offers certain advantage over Si and GaAs, the other two known PCSS materials. In the existing SiC photo-switch, however, electric field hold-off performance is mainly limited by the switch packaging. No packaging method exists to effectively address electric field crowding at the location where the copper electrode leaves the SiC substrate. Electric field crowding causes premature breakdown in the photo-switch at an applied electric field of less than 300 kV/cm, even though the bulk dielectric strength of SiC is 3 MV/cm3. This paper reports on our investigation of inserting contoured electrodes into the bulk material to reduced field enhancement. Approaches and simulations for the grinding and etching of SiC to insert the electrodes are also presented. Simulation results incorporating contoured electrodes into the bulk materials show that the electric field enhancement can be reduced by one order of magnitude compared to existing electrode configurations.
Self‐Assembly of Nanotriangle Superlattices Facilitated by Repulsive Electrostatic Interactions

Crystallization of triangular gold nanoprisms into close-packed mono- and multilayers is facilitated by electrostatic repulsions. The ordering of the nanotriangles causes an order-of-magnitude increase in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancement relative to that of disordered assemblies.
Generating Selective Saccharide Binding Affinity of Phenyl Boronic Acids by using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Corona Phases

Saccharides recognition is challenging due to their low affinity for substrates, yet this recognition is critical for human immunity and glycobiology. Herein, we demonstrate that a polymer or surfactant corona phase surrounding a single-walled carbon nanotube can substantially modify the selectivity of pre-adsorbed phenyl-boronic acids (PBA) for mono-, di-, and poly-saccharides. A library of 17 PBAs including carboxy, nitro, and amino PBA with ortho-, meta-, or para- substitutions are used to generate 144 distinct corona phases. Six in particular demonstrate significantly increased selectivity to specific saccharides including ribose (0.42 mol per total mol), arabinose (0.36), and glucose (0.25), but unusually diminished binding to fructose (0.02). Recognition proceeds by saccharide adsorption into the corona, followed by PBA reaction in a consecutive second order reaction. The results extend to larger saccharides, such as glycosaminoglycans, suggesting promise for protein glycosylation.
The primordial to primary follicle transition

The mechanisms that regulate the gradual exit of ovarian follicles from the non-growing, primordial pool are very poorly understood. A better understanding of the signals that initiate follicular growth in mammals, and of the conditions necessary for sustained growth of early preantral follicles in vitro, could have practical implications for contraception, alleviation of infertility, and regulation of the rate of follicle depletion (menopause). Our laboratory has developed two experimental systems that can be used to study factors involved in the activation of primordial follicles. In the first experimental system, small pieces of ovarian cortex, containing mostly primordial follicles, are isolated from fetal ovaries of cattle or baboons and cultured in serum-free medium. Under these conditions most primordial follicles become activated between 12 and 24 h of culture; their granulosa cells change shape, from flattened to cuboidal, and begin to express proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). During 7 days in culture, the newly-formed primary follicles and their oocytes increase significantly in diameter. This wholesale 'spontaneous' activation in serum-free medium is quite different from the much more gradual exit of primordial follicles from the resting pool that occurs in vivo and suggests that primordial follicles in vivo may be subject to a tonic inhibition of growth initiation or, alternatively, that some aspect(s) of the environment in vitro stimulates growth initiation. Recently we developed a second experimental system for studying activation of primordial follicles. Pieces of ovarian cortex from bovine or baboon fetuses were grafted beneath the developing chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 6-day-old chick embryos, a site known to support xenografted tissues. The cortical pieces were rapidly vascularized and histological analysis of pieces recovered after 2, 4, 7, or 10 days 'in ovo' revealed no increase in the number of primary follicles and maintenance of original numbers of primordial follicles. Therefore, grafting ovarian cortical pieces beneath the chick CAM provides an experimental system in which follicles remain at the primordial stage in a readily accessible environment and which, thus, may be used to study potential regulators of the initiation of follicle growth. The results suggest that vascularization of isolated pieces of ovarian cortex provides conditions that maintain follicular quiescence, whereas culture in vitro allows unrestrained activation of primordial follicles. Future studies with and comparisons of the in vitro and in ovo models may provide new insight into the mechanisms that regulate the primordial to primary follicle transition.
Multi-channel sampling of low-pass signals

A deterministic signal x(t) band limited to |\omega| is passed through m linear time-invariant filters (channels) to obtain the m outputs z_1(t),\cdots,Z_m(t) . If the filters are independent in a sense to be defined, then It Is shown that the common input x(t) may be reconstructed from samples of the outputs (Z_k) , each output being sampled at m \Pi samples per second or (1/m) th the rate associated with the Input signal. A rigorous derivation of this result Is given which proceeds from a minimum error energy criterion and leads to a system of linear algebraic equations for the optimal reconstruction filters. The system of equations derived here, which differs from the system given recently by Papoulis [1], has the advantage of depending on only one parameter \omega rather than on the two parameters \omega and t ; it also puts into evidence the fact that the spectra of the optimal reconstruction filters can be pieced together directly, without additional computation, from the elements of the system's inverse matrix. Lastly, the solutions of the system obtained in the Papoulis formulation are shown to be time-varying linear combinations of the simpler one-parameter solutions.
The effects of representation on students' elaborations in collaborative inquiry

In order to better understand how software design choices may influence students' collaborative learning, we conducted a study of the influence of tools for constructing representations of evidential models on collaborative learning processes and outcomes. Pairs of participants worked with one of three representations (matrix, graph, text) while investigating a complex public health problem. Focusing on students' collaborative investigative processes and post-hoc essays, we present several analyses that assess the impact of representation type on students' elaborations of their emerging knowledge. Our analyses indicate significant impacts on the extent to which students revisit knowledge and the likelihood that they will use that knowledge later.
Personal preferences and discordant prostate cancer treatment choice in an intervention trial of men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer

Men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (LPC) can choose from multiple treatment regimens and are faced with a decision in which medical factors and personal preferences are important. The Personal Patient Profile-Prostate (P3P) is a computerized decision aid for men with LPC that focuses on personal preferences. We determined whether the P3P intervention improved the concordance of treatment choice with self-reported influential side-effects compared with a control group. English/Spanish-speaking men diagnosed with LPC (2007–2009) from four US cities were enrolled into a randomized trial and followed through 6-months via mailed or online questionnaire. Men were randomized to receive the P3P intervention or standard education plus links to reputable websites. We classified choice as concordant if men were concerned with (a) sexual function and chose external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy, (b) bowel function and chose prostatectomy, (c) sex, bowel, and/or bladder function and chose active surveillance, or (d) not concerned with any side effect and chose any treatment. Using logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the P3P intervention and concordance. Of 448 men, most were <65 years, non-Hispanic white, had multiple physician consultations prior to enrollment, and chose a treatment discordant with concerns about potential side effects. There was no significant difference in concordance between the intervention (45%) and control (50%) group (OR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.56, 1.2). The P3P intervention did not improve concordance between potential side effects and treatment choice. Information and/or physician consultation immediately after diagnosis was likely to influence decisions despite concerns about side effects. The intervention may be more effective before the first treatment options consultation. NCT00692653 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00692653
Fast-food restaurants, park access, and insulin resistance among Hispanic youth.

Background: Evidence of associations between the built environment and obesity risk has been steadily building, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between the built environment and aspects of metabolism related to obesity’s most tightly linked comorbidity, type 2 diabetes. Purpose: To examine the relationship between aspects of the neighborhood built environment and insulin resistance using accurate laboratory measures to account for fat distribution and adiposity. Methods: Data on 453 Hispanic youth (aged 8–18 years) from 2001 to 2011 were paired with neighborhood built environment and 2000 Census data. Analyses were conducted in 2011. Walkingdistance buffers were built around participants’ residential locations. Body composition and fat distribution were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry and waist circumference. Variables for park space, food access, walkability,andneighborhood socioculturalaspects wereenteredinto a multivariate regression model predicting insulin resistance as determined by the homeostasis model assessment. Results: Independent of obesity measures, greater fast-food restaurant density was associated with higher insulin resistance. Increased park space and neighborhood linguistic isolation were associated with lower insulin resistance among boys. Among girls, park space was associated with lower insulin resistance, but greater neighborhood linguistic isolation was associated with higher insulin resistance. A significant interaction between waist circumference and neighborhood linguistic isolation indicated that the negative association between neighborhood linguistic isolation and insulin resistance diminished with increased waist circumference. Conclusions: Reducing access to fast food and increasing public park space may be valuable to addressing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but effects may vary by gender. (Am J Prev Med 2014;46(4):378–387) & 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Movement Coordination or Movement Interference: Visual Tracking and Spontaneous Coordination Modulate Rhythmic Movement Interference

When an actor performs a rhythmic limb movement while observing a spatially incongruent movement he or she exhibits increased movement orthogonal to the instructed motion. Known as rhythmic movement interference, this phenomenon has been interpreted as a motor contagion effect, whereby observing the incongruent movement interferes with the intended movement and results in a motor production error. Here we test the hypothesis that rhythmic movement interference is an emergent property of rhythmic coordination. Participants performed rhythmic limb movements at a self-selected tempo while observing a computer stimulus moving in a congruent or incongruent manner. The degree to which participants visually tracked the stimulus was manipulated to influence whether participants became spontaneously entrained to the stimulus or not. Consistent with the rhythmic coordination hypothesis, participants only exhibited the rhythmic movement interference effect when they became spontaneously entrained to the incongruent stimulus.
DNA repair variants, indoor tanning, and risk of melanoma.

Although ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure from indoor tanning has been linked to an increased risk of melanoma, the role of DNA repair genes in this process is unknown. We evaluated the association of 92 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 DNA repair genes with the risk of melanoma and indoor tanning among 929 patients with melanoma and 817 controls from the Minnesota Skin Health Study. Significant associations with melanoma risk were identified for SNPs in ERCC4, ERCC6, RFC1, XPC, MGMT, and FBRSL1 genes; with a cutoff of P < 0.05. ERCC6 and FBRSL1 gene variants and haplotypes interacted with indoor tanning. However, none of the 92 SNPs tested met the correction criteria for multiple comparisons. This study, based on an a priori interest in investigating the role of DNA repair capacity using variants in base excision and nucleotide excision repair, identified several genes that may play a role in resolving UV-induced DNA damage.
Decomposition of Debt and the Road to REIT Returns

Analyzing a hand-collected loan level database of heterogeneous REIT borrowings and controlling for REIT risk and loan collateral as well as endogeneity of access to public debt markets, we find that mortgage loans include a rate premium to compensate banks for monitoring. Access to public debt markets raises financing costs, inconsistent with a bank hold-up problem for REITs. However, non-monitored debt financing costs are reduced when bank lenders and equity analysts monitor REIT management. Equity alpha reflects positive abnormal returns from equity analyst monitoring, but not from costly bank monitoring. Equity gains from analyst monitoring are not found during recessions.
Modeling the Effects of Emotion on Cognition

Understanding the interaction between emotion and cognitive processes is important for developing architectures for general intelligence, and vital for the fields of human social and behavioral modeling, game intelligence, and human-computer interaction. However, relatively little work in AI has been done on emotion in intelligent architectures, particularly on the effect of emotions on cognitive processes such as inference, planning and learning, despite research showing that emotion is a crucial and often beneficial factor in human decision-making. My work will provide a new emotional-cognitive architecture, focusing on a small set of theories, mechanisms and algorithms for the modeling of a wide array of emotional effects on human cognitive processes. The work and its results will be evaluated against current computational models of cognition and emotion, and validated by results from human cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychology.
Toward EventWeb

This issue's article is based on Ramesh Jain's keynote lecture from the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications - one of the premier conferences in the field. We also include the PowerPoint presentation of his lecture (cms://dsonline/2007/09/lecture.pdf). Jain summarizes his vision of EventWeb, which builds on World Wide Web technology to realize a web of temporally related events. Informational attributes such as experiential data in the form of audio, images, and video can be associated with the events in an event web. EventWeb provides high-level mechanisms for event aggregation, search, and presentation.
213 Preventing Prematurity: Using Human Genomics to Understand Birth Timing

The composition of the biological clock defining the duration of human pregnancy remains a central question in reproductive biology. Our goal is to understand the molecular signals comprising this biological clock to prevent preterm birth. We have generated and analyzed mice with defects in prostaglandin biosynthesis, prostaglandin catabolism, circadian clock molecules, and oxytocin production in efforts to begin to define the key physiological pathways. These genetic studies in mice reveal essential functions for cyclooxygenase-1-generated prostaglandin F2 alpha for labor onset and the degrading enzyme hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the maintenance of pregnancy. While these studies have elucidated the pathway for parturition timing in rodents, the findings have resulted in limited understanding for mechanisms of human parturition. In this presentation, data that genetic factors contribute to human preterm birth will be summarized. We have analyzed DNA from families with recurrent preterm birth and control families without preterm infants through genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing. These efforts have identified potentially interesting new contributors to birth timing from the maternal genome, such as the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene, novel phospholipase isoforms, and pathways harboring rare, predicted deleterious mutations. New data regarding contributors to birth timing from the fetal genome will also be discussed.
Mortality of pupae of jack pine budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) parasites and density dependence of hyperparasitism

Mortality of pupae of Apanteles fumiferanae Viereck and A. morrisi (Mason) that parasitize the jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus Freeman) was studied in the field for three years. Estimated mortality inflicted by hyperparasites, predators, and unknown sources was 63.9 and 58.2% in two successive years at one site. Hyperparasitism by various species varied both temporally and spatially in various microhabitats in jack pine stands. Mortality caused by one hyperparasite, Pteromalus phycidis Ashmead, was dependent on local variation in density of Apanteles spp. pupae. The intensity of the density-dependent response was most evident when data were grouped by crown levels, and was reduced for larger or smaller habitat units.
Time dependent structure of postural sway in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Abstract Non-linear analyses, which examine the time dependent structure of physiological output have been found to be able to detect subtle differences in postural control between pathological groups and healthy controls while traditional linear parameters do not. This investigation examines whether a specific non-linear metric, approximate entropy, may provide a novel biomarker for balance impairment in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have normal sway. This analysis included a sample of 30 individuals with MS with normal postural sway and 36 controls. Participants stood on a force platform for two trials of 30 s with eyes open. Postural control was indexed by sway area, mean velocity along the antero-posterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) axis. The time dependent structure of the COP along the AP and ML axes was indexed with approximate entropy (ApEn AP ; ApEn ML ). T -tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized to analyze differences between groups. Per design there were no differences in sway area between the MS and control groups. Additionally, there were no differences in sway velocity. The MS group had lower ApEn ML values compared to the control group ( U = 376, p = .026). The results indicate that individuals with MS who have normal sway area had greater time dependent structure in ML sway. This investigation highlights the utility of non-linear analyses when assessing balance impairment in MS samples that present with minimal sway area.
Unsteady Fluctuation Behavior of Slag-Metal Interface in a Slab Continuous Casting Mold

The unsteady fluctuation behavior of the slag-metal interface in a slab continuous casting mold was studied using the volume of fluid( VOF) method. The morphology of the meniscus was simulated using the geometric reconstruction scheme. The effects of casting speed,immersion depth and port angle of submerged entry nozzle( SEN) on the interface fluctuation in the mold were studied. The results showthat the interface fluctuation is ever changing with time.The fluctuation is small and increases with time at the beginning of the casting. After attaining dynamic steady state,serrated fluctuation phenomenon appears around the SEN. The reason for the serrated fluctuation is the existence of vortices. The fluctuation increases with increasing the casting speed,and decreases with increasing the immersion depth and port angle of the SEN.
Early operative intervention for complications of acute myocardial infarction.

Cardiac operations were performed on 21 patients for treatment of complications of acute myocardial infarction unresponsive to vigorous drug therapy. There were six hospital deaths (28.5 per cent) and 15 survivors 3 to 50 months postoperatively. Fourteen of the 15 survivors are asymptomatic (Class 1 N.Y.H.A.); one patient remains in Class III. The average time from infarction to operation was 7 days; operative mortality rate was unrelated to the time from infarction to operation. Five of six deaths were in patients with preoperative cardiogenic shock who were not supported by an external cardiac assistance device. The two survivors of cardiogenic shock, treated preoperatively with the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), are now asymptomatic. Early operative intervention is recommended to decrease the mortality rate in patients with complications of acute myocardial infarction unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. Preoperative treatment with the IABP is advised for the patient in cardiogenic shock.
A "Shark Encounter": Delayed Primary Closure and Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment of a Great White Shark Bite

Abstract Background Shark bites are rare but sensational injuries that are covered in the lay press but are not well described in the medical literature. Case Report We present the case of a 50-year-old man who sustained two deep puncture wounds to his thigh from a great white shark in the waters surrounding Isla de Guadalupe off the coast of Baja California, Mexico, during a caged SCUBA dive. Why Should An Emergency Physician be Aware of This? We discuss our strategy of closing the wounds in a delayed primary fashion 24 hours after injury, our antibiotic choices, and the patient's course and review marine pathogens and appropriate antibiotic coverage.
Smart microgrid operation simulator for management and electrification planning

Smart grid technology that enables fine-grained monitoring and control of electrical power systems makes it possible to envision new operating strategies and even new business models. Possibilities for leveraging these smart grid tools in the developing world are being explored, particularly with emerging microgrids for rural electrification. In these off-grid systems, smart meters at the residential level are being used to manage the delivery of affordable electricity through novel uses of mobile payments and direct demand-side control at the customer level. In contrast to traditional power systems in the developed world, the available total supply in microgrids, which can incorporate multiple types of generation, is not always sufficient to meet the aggregate demand, even under normal operating conditions. Moreover, both the available supply and the demand are highly variable, limiting the value of deterministic analyses. This paper introduces a simulation tool for assessing the performance of these systems using probabilistic models of supply and demand. A key feature of the tool is the use of stochastic models for the individual loads and supplies, which are aggregated precisely to obtain stochastic models of the system-level behavior. This makes it possible to evaluate and compare system performance for different operating and business strategies that take advantage of the capabilities for fine-grained control. The paper describes the simulator inputs, computations and illustrative results for a case study.
Prospecting on the Door-Steps of the Nations Capital

(1966). Prospecting on the Door-Steps of the Nations Capital. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 650-653.
The Federal Design Dilemma: Congress and Intergovernmental Delegation

The level of government responsible for implementing policies affects intent, services provided, and ultimate outcomes. The decision about where to locate such responsibility is the federal design dilemma faced by Congress. Taking a new approach to this delegation and decentralization, The Federal Design Dilemma focuses on individual members of Congress. Not only are these legislators elected by constituents from their states, they also consider the outcomes that will result from state-level versus national executive branch implementation of policies. Here, Pamela J. Clouser McCann documents congressional intergovernmental delegation between 1973 and 2010, and how individual legislators voted on decentralization and centralization choices. Clouser McCann traces the path of the Affordable Care Act from legislative proposals in each chamber to its final enactment, focusing on how legislators wrestled with their own intergovernmental context and the federal design of health insurance reform in the face of political challenges.
Are intertemporal preferences contagious? Evidence from collaborative decision making

Prior research has provided substantial insight into individuals' intertemporal preferences (i.e., preferences about delayed rewards). In the present study, we instead investigated the preferences of small groups of individuals asked to express collective intertemporal decisions. The paradigm consisted of three phases. During the precollaboration and postcollaboration phases, participants completed an intertemporal decision task individually. During the collaboration phase, participants completed a similar task in small groups, reaching mutually-agreed-upon decisions. The results suggest that group preferences were systematically related to the mean of the group members' precollaboration preferences. In addition, collaborative decision making altered the group members' intertemporal preferences. Specifically, individuals' postcollaboration preferences converged toward the preferences of their respective groups. Furthermore, we found that individuals' postcollaboration preferences were independently related to both their precollaboration preferences and the preferences of the other group members, suggesting that individuals' postcollaboration preferences represented a revision of their precollaboration preferences based on the preferences observed in other group members. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that similar patterns of results were found whether participants were making matching judgments or binary choices.
Experimental medication treatment approaches for depression

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions. Symptoms can lead to significant disability, which result in impairments in overall quality of life. Though there are many approved antidepressant treatments for depression—including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors—about a third of patients do not respond to these medications. Therefore, it is imperative for drug discovery to continue towards the development of novel and rapidly acting compounds, especially for patients with treatment-resistant depression. After a brief review of the efficacy of approved antidepressant therapies, we will discuss experimental medication treatments for depression. Specifically, we examine novel medications that are thought to primarily modulate the glutamatergic, cholinergic and opioid systems to achieve antidepressant efficacy. We also give examples of anti-inflammatories, neurokinin-1 modulators, vasopressin antagonists and neurogenesis enhancers that may have a therapeutic role in treatment-resistant depression. The current pipeline of antidepressant treatments is shifting towards medications with novel mechanisms, which may lead to important, life-changing discoveries for patients with severe disease.
Suicide Ideation among Adolescent American Indians: An Application of General Strain Theory

The objective of this study is to compare suicidal thoughts among American Indian/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) to a series of non-AI/AN comparison groups, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. This study uses general strain theory as the guiding framework for understanding differences between racial groups in their suicidal ideation. A statistically significant difference is present between AI/AN and comparisons in suicidal ideation. The factors that may explain these differences addressed in this study include: alcohol abuse, exposure to suicidal behavior of friends and family, depression, and gun access. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.
Effect of kidney donor hepatitis C virus serostatus on renal transplant recipient and allograft outcomes.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients and has been associated with diminished patient and allograft survival. HCV-positive (HCV+) kidneys have been used in HCV-positive (HCV+) recipients as a means of facilitating transplantation and expanding the organ donor pool; however, the effect of donor HCV serostatus in the modern era is unknown. METHODS Using national transplant registry data, we created a propensity score-matched cohort of HCV+ recipients who received HCV-positive donor kidneys compared to those transplanted with HCV-negative kidneys. RESULTS Transplantation with an HCV+ kidney was associated with an increased risk of death {hazard ratio [HR] 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.76]; P < 0.001} and allograft loss [HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.16-1.67); P < 0.001] compared with their propensity score-matched counterparts. However, HCV+ kidneys were not associated with an increased risk of acute rejection [odds ratio 1.16 (95% CI 0.84-1.61); P = 0.35]. CONCLUSIONS While use of HCV+ donor kidneys can shorten the wait for renal transplantation and maximize organ utility for all candidates on the waiting list, potential recipients should be counseled about the increased risks associated with HCV+ kidney.
What's All the Chatter? A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Emergency Physicians' Tweets.

Author(s): Riddell, Jeff; Brown, Alisha; Robins, Lynne; Nauman, Rafae; Yang, Jeanette; Jauregui, Joshua | Abstract: Introduction: Twitter is growing in popularity and influence among emergency physicians (EP), with over 2200 self-identified EP users. As Twitter’s popularity has increased among EPs so too has its influence. While there has been debate about the value of Twitter as an effective educational delivery tool, little attention has been paid to the nature of the conversation occurring on Twitter. We aim to describe how influential EPs use Twitter by characterizing the language, purpose, frequencies, content, and degree of engagement of their tweets.Methods: We performed a mixed-methods analysis following a combined content analysis approach. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of a sample of tweets from the 61 most influential EPs on Twitter. We present descriptive tweet characteristics and noteworthy themes.Results: We analyzed 1375 unique tweets from 57 unique users, representing 93% of the influential Twitter EPs. A majority of tweets (1104/1375, 80%) elicited some response in the form of retweets, likes, or replies, demonstrating community engagement. The qualitative analysis identified 15 distinct categories of tweets.Conclusion: Influential EPs on Twitter were engaged in largely medical conversations in which most messages generated some form of interaction. They shared resources and opinions while also building social rapport in a community of practice. This data can help EPs make informed decisions about social media engagement.
Participation of the Halogens in Photochemical Reactions in Natural and Treated Waters

Halide ions are ubiquitous in natural waters and wastewaters. Halogens play an important and complex role in environmental photochemical processes and in reactions taking place during photochemical water treatment. While inert to solar wavelengths, halides can be converted into radical and non-radical reactive halogen species (RHS) by sensitized photolysis and by reactions with secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced through sunlight-initiated reactions in water and atmospheric aerosols, such as hydroxyl radical, ozone, and nitrate radical. In photochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment, RHS can be generated by UV photolysis and by reactions of halides with hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, ozone, and other ROS. RHS are reactive toward organic compounds, and some reactions lead to incorporation of halogen into byproducts. Recent studies indicate that halides, or the RHS derived from them, affect the concentrations of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive species; influence the photobleaching of dissolved natural organic matter (DOM); alter the rates and products of pollutant transformations; lead to covalent incorporation of halogen into small natural molecules, DOM, and pollutants; and give rise to certain halogen oxides of concern as water contaminants. The complex and colorful chemistry of halogen in waters will be summarized in detail and the implications of this chemistry for global biogeochemical cycling of halogen, contaminant fate in natural waters, and water purification technologies will be discussed.
AutoDub: Automatic Redubbing for Voiceover Editing

Redubbing is an extensively used technique to correct errors in voiceover recordings. It involves re-recording a part of a voiceover, identifying the corresponding section of audio in the original recording that needs to be replaced, and using low level audio tools to replace the audio. Although this sequence of steps can be performed using traditional audio editing tools, the process can be tedious when dealing with long voiceover recordings and prohibitively difficult for users not familiar with such tools. To address this issue, we present AutoDub, a novel system for redubbing voiceover recordings. Using our system, a user simply needs to re-record the part of the voiceover that needs to be replaced. Our system automatically locates the corresponding part in the original recording and performs the low level audio processing to replace it. The system can be easily incorporated in any existing sophisticated audio editor or can be employed as a functionality in an audio-guided user interface. User studies involving participation from novice, knowledgeable and expert users indicate that our tool is preferred to a traditional audio editor based redubbing approach by all categories of users due to its faster and easier redubbing capabilities.
Cyber-archaeology and Grand Narratives: Where Do We Currently Stand?

In the past two decades, rapid advances have been made in the application of digital technology to archaeology, which have led to the creation of the field of cyber-archaeology. Much of the work in this field, however, has focused on the technical aspects of applying specific technologies to archaeological field and laboratory work. As cyber-archaeology matures, however, it is necessary to consider how these novel methods can contribute to the development of archaeological theory. The chapters in this volume do this by examining potential contributions of cyber-archaeology to “grand narratives” of human history.
The reliability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment using telehealth in a rural setting with veterans

BackgroundTelehealth neuropsychological services can increase the availability of specialised care for individuals in rural areas where barriers to these services are faced. As this practice become...
On the Practical Art of State Definitions for Markov Decision Process Construction

Many problems faced by decision makers today involve the management of large scale, complex systems that can be modeled as state-based control problems, specifically discrete Markov decision process (MDP). Typical examples include transportation systems, defense systems, healthcare networks, financial organizations, and general infrastructure problems. In all of these problems, decision makers have difficulty in forecasting the state of their system in the future and capturing the dynamics of the states over time. In this paper, we discuss, via numerous examples, practical experiences in trying to build such models. Much of the literature discusses theoretical issues of solution convergence and algorithm performance; unfortunately, much of this research does not help with the practical business of building an actual MDP model. Thus, numerous books begin with statement of the nature: “given the state space $\text{S}\ldots $ .” A critical question to the practitioner is the creation of this state space “S.” We focus on this first step in the MDP modeling process, an often neglected and difficult step, and we discuss the practical implications and issues associated with the state definition, illustrating these issues with numerous examples. This paper is not meant to be a survey of “state-based” applications or MDP applications, but an overview of experiences building many of these models in diverse applications.
Investigation of virtual teams and serious games

ERPsim is an intensive simulation game housed out of HEC Montreal. It allows students to operate an organization in a real-world enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Most of the research to d...
Imitation of prosodic contours in word shadowing

In a word shadowing task, participants are asked to repeat auditorily-presented words aloud, providing a speech “shadow” to the stimulus materials. Previous research has demonstrated that even in this kind of non-interactive, non-social task, participants’ speech is more similar to the stimulus materials during shadowing than during a baseline reading task. These results are taken as evidence for implicit phonetic imitation during word shadowing. The current study examined imitation of prosodic contours in a word shadowing task. Participants were asked to first read a set of words aloud to establish their baseline production and then to repeat the same set of words after hearing them produced by a young female native speaker of Midwestern American English. This model talkers’ word productions all involved a non-falling intonation contour (i.e., either a plateau or a rise), consistent with “list intonation” in reading. Although the participants produced more than 50% non-falling contours in their baseline productions, they produced significantly more non-falling contours in the shadowing task, suggesting imitation of the prosodic contours produced by the model talker. The results of an acoustic analysis of the prosodic contours to examine the phonetic detail of the imitation will also be discussed.