cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oncoplastic breast surgery: Achieving oncological and aesthetic outcomes

Background and Objectives Oncoplastic reconstruction allows more patients to become candidates for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Oncologic resection of a breast lesion is combined with plastic surgical techniques to improve aesthetic results. Choosing the best oncoplastic method is essential to optimize outcomes, improve cosmesis, and minimize postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to present a treatment algorithm incorporating oncoplastic techniques based on diagnosis, tumor size, tumor location, and breast size and shape. Methods A retrospective pilot study of a prospectively collected database was conducted in patients undergoing immediate oncoplastic surgery from 2010 to 2015 at our institution. Oncoplastic surgical techniques were defined as complex layered closure, local tissue rearrangement, pedicled flap, mastopexy, bilateral reduction, or implant placement. Clinical, demographic, and histopathologic data were extracted from electronic patient records. Patient satisfaction was measured by the BREAST-Q questionnaire. Results A total of 42 women and 46 breasts were included. An algorithm was formulated to assist in selecting an optimal oncoplastic reconstruction plan after BCS. Additionally, patient satisfaction with good aesthetic results was reported. Conclusion In this study, the authors present a reconstructive algorithm describing various oncoplastic approaches aimed to provide a guideline in clinical practice when employing oncoplastic surgery.
Amelanotic melanoma arising within a lesion of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: An unusual presentation leading to a novel therapeutic approach

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common variant of porokeratosis with a potential for malignant transformation. Its association with malignant melanoma, however, is exceedingly rare. Treatment of DSAP is often ineffective. We report a unique case of amelanotic melanoma arising within a lesion of DSAP. The melanoma was managed surgically, and her DSAP were treated successfully with a novel approach utilizing 5-fluorouracil chemowraps.
Rate of Torque Development and Feedforward Control of the Hip and Knee Extensors: Gender Differences.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether women demonstrate decreased rate of torque development (RTD) of the hip and knee extensors and altered onset timing of the vastus lateralis and gl...
Why not reengineer traditional higher education

INTRODUCTION Just as the agricultural era gave way to an industrial society at the turn of the 20 century, an information society is now emerging as we move into the 21 century (Bell, 1993; Naisbitt, 1988; Toffler, 1980). With this shift in the means of production come drastic changes to every segment of society—including higher education (Rowley, Lujan, and Dolence, 1998). New delivery systems that increase the effectiveness of learning at a distance, new organizations such as virtual universities, and other models of teaching and learning are forcing higher education to change the way they do business (Mangan, 1998; Oblinger, 1997; Selingo, 1998). Compared with that of the past 100 years, the rate of change occurring in society is unprecedented. There have been unparalleled increases in global competition, in customer expectations, and in new technology. These factors contribute to a lasting sense of crisis. Can traditional organizations in higher education respond to the changing environment by using the same approaches business has? The traditional universities and colleges can be characterized as having: a residential student body; a recognized geographic service area from which the majority of student are drawn (a local community, a region, a state, or a nation); full-time faculty members who organize curricula and degrees, teach in face-to-face settings, engage in scholarship, often conduct public service, and share in institutional governance; a central library and physical plant; nonprofit financial status; and evaluation strategies of organizational effectiveness based upon measurement of inputs to instruction, such as funding, library holdings, facilities, faculty/student ratios, faculty qualifications, and student qualifications (Hanna, 1998, p. 69). However, technology is allowing non-traditional organizations to meet the curricular challenges many students are presenting (Whinston, 1994), including the need to develop learning materials that can be easily updated and configured for the particular needs of students, as well as the possibility of learning at any time and at any place. At the same time, the mode of industrial production within our society is being replaced with models that rely on the rapid growth in technology, an increase in the accessibility of information, a more critically aware population, and a shift from the production of goods to a service economy (Merron, 1995). These factors are causing significant change in education as well. 1331 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey PA 17033-1117, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING
Response to Azari and Gelman

Scholars will be analyzing the 2016 presidential election for many years to come, and Julia Azari and Andrew Gelman have done an excellent job laying out many of the important lessons to emerge and...
Conditioning nausea in a laboratory setting: A pilot study

Cancer patients can experience nausea as they approach the place where they have received chemotherapy treatment. This nausea is likely the result of Pavlovian conditioning, where the previously neutral environment acquires conditioned properties, in this case conditioned nausea, because its association with feeling ill. To investigate this phenomenon under controlled conditions, we studied the acquisition of conditioned nausea using a distinct environment paired with an emetic drug in healthy young adults. We measured two indices of conditioning: i) conditioned place aversion, and ii) conditioned drug-like (nausea) responses. Healthy volunteers (N=32) first rated their preference for two testing rooms, and then underwent four conditioning sessions in which they received either syrup of ipecac (5 ml) or placebo. A Paired Group (PG; N=17) always received ipecac in their initially preferred room and placebo in the other, while an Unpaired Group (UG; N=15) received ipecac and placebo in both rooms. Conditioned responses were assessed with i) time spent in each room, ii) room liking and preference, and iii) feelings of nausea in each room. There was no evidence of conditioned place aversion as measured by either time spent or ratings of room liking. However, the PG did report a small increase in nausea in the ipecac-paired room. Although the conditioned responses in this study were not robust, this procedure is a first step towards studying conditioned aversive drug responses in humans, which will enable development of future studies to prevent or treat anticipatory nausea.
Bajan-Indians: emergent identities of the Gujarati-Muslims of Barbados

This paper presents primary research on a specific Indian ethno-religious group present in Barbados: the Gujarati-Muslims. Indian migration to Barbados began at the turn of the twentieth century. D...
Probabilistic language in indicative and counterfactual conditionals

This paper analyzes indicative and counterfactual conditionals that have in their consequents probability operators: probable, likely, more likely than not, 50% chance and so on. I provide and motivate a unified compositional semantics for both kinds of probabilistic conditionals using a Kratzerian syntax for conditionals and a representation of information based on Causal Bayes Nets. On this account, the only difference between probabilistic indicatives and counterfactuals lies in the distinction between conditioning and intervening. This proposal explains why causal (ir)relevance is crucial for probabilistic counterfactuals, and why it plays no direct role in probabilistic indicatives. I conclude with some complexities related to the treatment of backtracking counterfactuals and subtleties revealed by probabilistic language in the revision procedure used to create counterfactual scenarios. In particular, I argue that certain facts about the interaction between probability operators and counterfactuals motivate the use of Structural Equation Models ( Pearl 2000 ) rather than the more general formalism of Causal Bayes Nets.
Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF)

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a disabling and distressing symptom defined as a subjective report of tiredness that is associated with cancer or its treatment, is persistent, extends in duration or severity beyond that which might be expected based on a subject’s recent physical activity, and is severe enough to cause distress and interfere with usual functioning.
Early- versus late-transition-metal-oxo bonds: the electronic structure of oxovanadium(1+) and oxoruthenium(1+)

From all-electron ab initio generalized valence bond calculations (GVBCI-SCF) on VO/sup +/ and RuO/sup +/, the authors find that an accurate description of the bonding is obtained only when important resonance configurations are included self-consistently in the wave function. The ground state of VO/sup +/(/sup 3/..sigma../sup -/) has a triple bond similar to that of CO, with D/sub e//sup calcd/(V-O) = 128.3 kcalmol (D/sub e//sup exptl/(V-O) = 1.31 +- kcalmol), while the ground state of RuO/sup +/(/sup 4/..delta..) has a double bond similar to that of O/sub 2/, with D/sub e//sup calcd/(Ru-O) = 67.1 kcalmol). Vertical excitation energies for a number of low-lying electronic states of VO/sup +/ and RuO/sup +/ are also reported. These results indicate fundamental differences in the nature of the metal-oxo bond in early and late metal oxo complexes that explain in the observed trends in reactivity (e.g., early metal oxides are thermodynamically stable whereas late metal oxo complexes are highly reactive oxidants). Finally, they have used these results to predict the ground states of MO/sup +/ for other first-row transition-metal oxides.
A Discussion and Critique of RAD

Findings of research and the theories for etiology of RAD present an apparent paradox: there is evidence of a genetic footprint, yet by definition a severely adverse environmental force is required at an early, critical stage of childhood. Gross neglect of an infant is inherently pathogenic for our species, in which the period of infant dependence is so prolonged. Neglect should decrease parental fitness, as measured by survival of offspring and this effect is magnified, not reduced, in situations of peril. Basic reflexes of our species (as in most mammals) serve to detect danger and to promote proximity of parent and infant, so that at speed, action comes first, reflection later. Powerful evolutionary pressure applies against abandonment because, compared to most species, the human infant has little chance for survival, without direct and close protection.
Sudden onset of excessive repetitions in the speech of a patient with multiple sclerosis: A case report

Abstract This report provides a detailed analysis of excessive part- and whole-word repetitions in the speech of a 36-year-old male patient hospitalized for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) who also exhibited concurrent language and prosodic disturbances. Shortly following his hospitalization, a magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed plaques in the white matter of the medulla, cerebellum, basal ganglion, and periventricular white matter. His speech strongly resembled apractic speech patterns, chiefly syllable segregation. The source of data collected for this study was seven tape-recorded speech samples containing 2536 words spoken in 32.75 min, diagnostic reports, and clinical notes of 27 biweekly speech therapy sessions across a 5-month period. This report focused on an analysis of variables associated with the patient's part- and whole-word repetitions, and it was concluded that they were used as a compensatory device to procure additional time to articulate complex syllables. A brief critique of the therapeutic procedures used for treating his speech problem is also presented. Educational objectives: The reader will learn about and be able to describe (1) the effects of MS on speech and language; (2) the kinds of data that were gathered to account for this patient's sudden onset of speech and language disorders; and (3) the findings that led them to conclude that his excessive repetitions were compensatory behaviors.
A quantitative system to evaluate diabetic retinopathy from fundus photographs.

Purpose To evaluate a quantitative system to measure the early lesions of diabetic retinopathy seen in stereoscopic fundus photographs. Methods Using a quantitative classification system, photographs of 4657 eyes (7 stereo pairs of 35-mm slides per eye) were scored for 16 diabetic lesions. A single severity level (identical to the ETDRS Interim Scale) was calculated for each eye. The reliability of this technique, and its reproducibility by independent examiners, was evaluated for individual lesions and severity levels using percent agreement, kappa, and weighted kappa statistics. Results This quantitative technique demonstrated an "almost perfect" agreement (weighted kappa > or = 0.810) on all but one lesion by independent observers. For the severity levels, there was a 95.7% perfect agreement (kappa = 0.9428). The reproducibility of agreement over time was "almost perfect" on all but four lesions; with 88% perfect agreement (kappa = 0.8394) for severity levels. Conclusions When used to evaluate the early lesions of diabetic retinopathy, the Vanderbilt Classification System is highly reliable between graders and over time. This system can gather quantitative data and evaluate incremental changes in an accurate, reproducible manner.
How Replicable Are Links Between Personality Traits and Consequential Life Outcomes? The Life Outcomes of Personality Replication Project:

The Big Five personality traits have been linked to dozens of life outcomes. However, metascientific research has raised questions about the replicability of behavioral science. The Life Outcomes of Personality Replication (LOOPR) Project was therefore conducted to estimate the replicability of the personality-outcome literature. Specifically, I conducted preregistered, high-powered (median N = 1,504) replications of 78 previously published trait-outcome associations. Overall, 87% of the replication attempts were statistically significant in the expected direction. The replication effects were typically 77% as strong as the corresponding original effects, which represents a significant decline in effect size. The replicability of individual effects was predicted by the effect size and design of the original study, as well as the sample size and statistical power of the replication. These results indicate that the personality-outcome literature provides a reasonably accurate map of trait-outcome associations but also that it stands to benefit from efforts to improve replicability.
A Brief Overview of the AO Organization

Although the AO has undergone several changes, and experienced considerable growth over the years, the term AO has remained constant, whether it took form as an organization, or a foundation. Initially formed in 1958, the moniker of AO began with Maurice Muller, one of the organization’s co-founders, who first suggested the French term Association pour l’Osteosynthese and then used the German equivalent Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen; both meaning the same in English—The Association for Osteosynthesis, or AO.
Physically Active Students Learn Better: Finding New Ways to Implement Movement in the Elementary Classroom.

While we are seeking new ways to ensure students' academic success, we must ensure that we are not neglecting their need for physical activity. As we innovate to improve academic success, we can al...
Stereochemistry of Dichlorocarbene Addition to Alkenes: A Collaborative, Discovery-Based Experiment for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory

A multifaceted experiment, accessible to students either in an introductory organic chemistry course or in a more advanced laboratory setting, is described for investigating the addition of dichlorocarbene to E- and Z-β-methylstyrenes. The innovative exercise, which integrates elements of synthesis, mechanisms, instrumental analysis, computational chemistry, and collaboration, provides students with an opportunity to learn important laboratory skills while highlighting key concepts covered in class. In particular, the coupling constants from 1H NMR spectroscopy are used to diagnose the stereochemistry of addition, and integral ratios are evaluated to determine percent conversion of the starting alkenes into dichlorocyclopropanes. The experimental observations are correlated with results from calculations of the singlet–triplet energy gap in the carbene.
Irish Drama and the Other Revolutions: Playwrights, Sexual Politics and the International Left, 1892-1964

Irish Drama and the Other Revolutions shows how Irish playwrights mediated between the sexual and the socialist revolutions, and traces their impact on left theatre in Europe and America from the 1890s to the 1960s.
Electronic Health Record-Based Surveillance for Community Transmitted COVID-19 in the Emergency Department.

Introduction SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, manifests as a respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) and is the cause of an ongoing pandemic. The response to COVID-19 in the United States has been hampered by an overall lack of diagnostic testing capacity. To address uncertainty about ongoing levels of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission early in the pandemic, we aimed to develop a surveillance tool using readily available emergency department (ED) operations data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). This involved optimizing the identification of acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related encounters and then comparing metrics for these encounters before and after the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. Methods We performed an observational study using operational EHR data from two Midwest EDs with a combined annual census of over 80,000. Data were collected three weeks before and after the first confirmed case of local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. To optimize capture of ARI cases, we compared various metrics including chief complaint, discharge diagnoses, and ARI-related orders. Operational metrics for ARI cases, including volume, pathogen identification, and illness severity, were compared between the preand post-community transmission timeframes using chi-square tests of independence. Results Compared to our combined definition of ARI, chief complaint, discharge diagnoses, and isolation orders individually identified less than half of the cases. Respiratory pathogen testing was the top performing individual ARI definition but still only identified 72.2% of cases. From the pre to post periods, we observed significant increases in ED volumes due to ARI and ARI cases without identified pathogen. Conclusion Certain methods for identifying ARI cases in the ED may be inadequate and multiple criteria should be used to optimize capture. In the absence of widely available SARS-CoV-2 testing, operational metrics for ARI-related encounters, especially the proportion of cases involving negative pathogen testing, are useful indicators for active surveillance of potential COVID-19 related ED visits.
Modeling and Control of a Four-port DC-DC Converter for a DC Microgrid with Renewable Energy Sources

In this paper, modeling and control design of a four-port bidirectional DC-DC converter for integration of various energy sources to a DC microgrid is proposed. The power transferring through the transformer is first derived from the steady-state waveforms. Based on the power analysis, three controllers are developed to regulate the battery voltage/current, and the power flow between the energy sources and the DC microgrid, respectively. The converter is used to interface a wind turbine generator, a PV panel, battery, and the DC microgrid. With the designed controllers, the four-port DC-DC converter is not only capable of performing the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the two renewable energy sources, but can achieve bidirectional power flow between the energy sources and the DC microgrid as well.
Breast cancer risk assessment and management programs: A practical guide

Breast cancer risk assessment continues to evolve as emerging knowledge of breast cancer risk drivers and modifiers enables better identification of high-risk women who may benefit from increased screening or targeted risk-reduction protocols. The ongoing development of breast cancer Risk Assessment and Management Programs (RAMPs) presents an opportunity to decrease breast cancer disease incidence with evidence-based interventions. The goal of this review was to provide a practical guide for providers seeking to establish or update a breast cancer risk assessment and management program. We outline genetic/familial, personal, reproductive, and lifestyle-related factors while discussing the incorporation of risk modeling for precise risk estimate personalization. We further describe the process for determining a risk management plan: information gathering, generation of a risk profile, and articulation and implementation of risk reduction. We also include an overview of clinical workflows in breast cancer management programs and underlines the logistics of establishing a program as well as general principles for guiding the formulation of an individualized risk management plan. We discuss practical considerations, such as clinic structure and operation, allocation of resources, and patient education. Other critical aspects of program design, including identification of the target population, delineation of the core components of the clinical experience, definition of provider roles, description of referral mechanisms, and the launching of a marketing plan are also addressed. The process of risk assessment is both anxiety-provoking and empowering for women at increased risk. New knowledge has enabled strategies to both understand the risk and control it through evidence-based risk management. These benefits can now be realized by an increasing number of unaffected, high-risk patients collaborating with risk management practitioners. Continuation of these efforts will lead to further progress in both risk stratification and risk management of women at elevated breast cancer risk in the near future.
Availability of Environmental Iron Influences the Performance of Biological Adhesives Produced by Blue Mussels.

Animals incorporate metals within the materials they manufacture, such as protective armor and teeth. Iron is an element used for adding strength and self-healing properties to load-bearing materia...
Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatrics

1. Jamie Shoag, MD*,† 2. Joanna A. Davis, MD†‡ 3. Fernando F. Corrales-Medina, MD*†‡ 1. *Holtz Children’s Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL 2. †Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Miami–Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 3. ‡University of Miami - Hemophilia Treatment Center, Miami, FL * Abbreviations: aPC: : activated protein C aPTT: : activated partial thromboplastin time ATIII: : antithrombin III CVC: : central-access vascular catheter DOAC: : direct oral anticoagulant DTI: : direct thrombin inhibitor DUS: : Doppler ultrasonography DVT: : deep venous thrombosis FDA: : Food and Drug Administration FVL: : factor V Leiden FXa: : activated coagulation factor Xa HIT: : heparin-induced thrombocytopenia LMWH: : low-molecular-weight heparin MRV: : magnetic resonance venography MTHFR: : methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase PE: : pulmonary embolism PF4: : platelet factor 4 VKA: : vitamin K antagonist VTE: : venous thromboembolism The increasing rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children mandate a need for pediatricians, especially those who are hospital based, to be fully aware of the common signs and symptoms of VTE, the current management guidelines for VTE acute treatment and prophylaxis, and the role of emerging oral anticoagulant therapies. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the pathophysiology of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE). 2. Identify patients at risk for VTE. 3. Identify the clinical signs and symptoms associated with acute VTE. 4. Understand the indications for radiologic and laboratory testing for diagnosing and treating an acute VTE. 5. Describe the clinical management using standardized VTE anticoagulant therapies. 6. Become familiar with the emerging direct oral anticoagulant therapies. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), has become an increasingly recognized condition in pediatrics. There is now an overall awareness by pediatricians of the reality that VTE is no longer considered to be a medical problem exclusive to the adult population. (1) Unfortunately, there is a paucity of strong clinical data to guide the management of VTE in children. To date there are 2 expert opinion VTE treatment guidelines developed for pediatric patients. (2)(3) Current VTE treatment recommendations rely on observational experience and extrapolated data from adult practice. (4)(5) Ongoing multicenter clinical trials are currently seeking answers to improve VTE management strategies in children. (6) The cause of the rising prevalence of diagnosed VTE in children is multifactorial. This is related to an increased presence of VTE-predisposing risk factors in pediatric patients, improved survival rates in infants and children with chronic medical conditions, and improved diagnostic tools used by providers. Pediatric VTE occurs in a bimodal distribution, most commonly encountered in neonates and adolescents. (4) Although VTE in the …
Persistent Abdominal Pain as Rare Complication of Duodenal Perforation From an Inferior Vena Cava Filter.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) continues to be a significant source of morbidity for surgical patients. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement is indicated for DVT in patients who have contraindications to anticoagulation or anticoagulation failure. Over the last decade, there is an exponential increase in IVC filter placement with increased complications reported. These include IVC penetration, IVC occlusion, insertion complication and filter migration. We report a rare case of symptomatic duodenal perforation by an IVC filter migration. This case illustrates that even though IVC migration and perforation is a rare complication, it should be recognized as a potential cause for gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in these patients.
Implementing a Geriatric Fracture Program in a Mixed Practice Environment Reduces Total Cost and Length of Stay.

Introduction:Geriatric-orthopaedic co-management models can improve patient outcomes. However, prior reports have been at large academic centers with “closed” systems and an inpatient geriatric ser...
High-temperature shape memory photopolymer with intrinsic flame retardancy and record-high recovery stress

Abstract Here we report an intrinsically flame-retardant high-temperature shape memory photopolymer (HTSMP) with ultrahigh glass transition temperature (Tg) of 280°C and record-breaking recovery stress of 35.3 MPa. Photopolymers have been widely used in 3D printing structures with high resolution by technologies such as digital light processing (DLP). However, a bottleneck persists in the lack of photopolymer inks integrated with high Tg, flame-retardancy, and high recovery stress, which are highly desired in several sectors such as in aerospace, automotive, construction, oil&gas, and electronic industries. In addition, photopolymers usually have low mechanical strength and toughness, limiting their use in critical load-bearing structures. In this study, a photopolymerizable isocyanurate triacrylate and a phosphine oxide photo-initiator were firstly formulated to prepare HTSMP through a facile two-step ultraviolet (UV) curing and thermal curing process. The UV curing makes the HTSMP 3D printable. After the unusual high-temperature (280 °C for 3 h) post-curing, the HTSMP network was highly crosslinked and uniform, which enhanced the strength and toughness. Additionally, the synergy between isocyanurate and phosphine oxide contributed excellent thermal stability and high flame-retardancy to the HTSPM, which cannot be ignited upon ten-second ignition for two times. A condensed-phase mechanism for flame-retardancy was also identified. With the ultrahigh Tg, record-high recovery stress and energy output, excellent thermal stability, intrinsic flame retardancy, and 3D printability, this new multifunctional HTSMP has a great potential in various applications, such as in deployable structures, damage self-healing, actuators, proppants, 4D printing, and robotics.
The use of humour in television advertising: revisiting the US-UK comparison

This paper replicates a portion of the Weinberger and Spotts (1989) study, which compared the use of humour in television advertising in the US and the UK. A careful comparison of the results of th...
Application of Adaptive Extended Kalman Filtering Scheme to Improve the Efficiency of a Groundwater Contaminant Transport Model

Pollution of groundwater can be harmful to the environment. The use of subsurface contaminant transport models, combined with stochastic data assimilation schemes, can give on-target predictions of contaminant transport to enhance the reliability of risk assessment in the area of environmental remediation. In this study, a two-dimensional transport model with advection and dispersion is used as the deterministic model of contaminant transport in the subsurface. An Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF) is constructed as a stochastic data assimilation scheme to meliorate the prediction of the contaminant concentration. The effectiveness of the AEKF is determined by using a root mean square error (RMSE) of pollutant concentrations in contaminant transport modeling. The implementation of the AEKF was successful in improving the prediction accuracy of the deterministic model by about 60.7 % which shows a substantial improvement in the prediction of the contaminant concentration in the subsurface environment.
In Place of Regression

Assuming an adaptation of Suppes’s analysis of causality, we show that multiple regression methods are fundamentally incorrect procedures for identifying causes. This is because when regressors are correlated the existence of an unmeasured common cause of regressor X i and outcome variable Y may bias estimates of the influence of other regressors X k;, variables having no influence on Y whatsoever may thereby be given significant regression coefficients. The bias may be quite large. Simulation studies show that standard regression model specification procedures make the same error. The strategy of regressing on a larger set of variables and checking stability may compound rather than remedy the problem. A similar difficulty in the estimation of the influence of other regressors arises if some X i is an effect rather than a cause of Y. The problem appears endemic in uses of multiple regression on uncontrolled variables, and unless somehow corrected appears to invalidate many scientific uses of regression methods. We describe an implementation in the TETRAD II program of a model specification algorithm that avoids these and certain other errors in large samples. We illustrate the TETRAD II algorithm by applying it to a number of real and simulated data sets.
Core-shell PVA/gelatin electrospun nanofibers promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. In this study, coaxial electrospinning is employed to fabricate fibers in a core–shell structure with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the core and gelatin in the shell for evaluation as a potential vascular tissue engineering construct. PVA, a synthetic polymer, provides mechanical strength to the biocompatible and weak gelatin sheath. The HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and rSMC (rat smooth muscle cells) demonstrated a flattened morphology with multiple attachment sites on the gelatin and coaxial scaffolds, with an increase in cell spreading seen as mechanical stiffness of the scaffold increased. Additionally, HUVEC had an increase in migration on the coaxial scaffolds, which was attributed to the increase in stiffness; however, this increase in migration was not seen with the rSMC, which had the highest outward migration on the flat surfaces (tissue culture polystyrene and gelatin film). Overall, these scaffolds are appealing substrates for vascular tissue engineering applications. Statement of Significance The worldwide burden of cardiovascular disease presents an ongoing need and opportunity for creating a variety of vascular prostheses. Fabrication of novel scaffolds and constructs for these are needed, providing strength and biological properties facilitating endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle (SMC) cell attachment, migration, and integration. Using electrospinning we formed 3D core:shell nanofibers and examined their effectiveness as substrates for EC and SMC attachment and growth, compared to a 2D (flat) substrate. We found that ECs attached and grew best on 3D core:shell fibers, whereas SMCs favored 2D gelatin surfaces. Interestingly, we found that EC attachment, migration and growth correlated and improved with increasing fiber stiffness. These materials and insights may foster novel vascular prostheses development.
Is a Feminist Political Liberalism Possible

Is a feminist political liberalism possible? Political liberalism’s regard for a wide range of comprehensive doctrines as reasonable makes some feminists skeptical of its ability to address sex inequality. Indeed, some feminists claim that political liberalism maintains its position as a political liberalism at the expense of securing substantive equality for women. We claim that political liberalism’s core commitments actually restrict all reasonable political conceptions of justice to those that secure genuine substantive equality for all, including women and other marginalized groups. In particular, we argue that political liberalism’s criterion of reciprocity limits reasonable political conceptions of justice to those that eliminate social conditions of domination and subordination relevant to reasonable democratic deliberation among equal citizens and that the criterion of reciprocity requires the social conditions necessary for recognition respect among persons as equal citizens. As a result, we maintain that the criterion of reciprocity limits reasonable political conceptions of justice to those that provide genuine equality for women along various dimensions of social life central to equal citizenship.
A 5V 10A CMOS/PNP linear regulator

This paper will report on a monolithic 5V 10A linear voltage regulator using metal gate CMOS and a vertical PNP output transistor. The chip includes thermal and over current protection circuits.
Clinical correlations of occipital epileptiform discharges in children

To the Editor: The report by Libenson et al.1 sought to “determine the frequency of different causes of occipital epileptiform discharges (OEDs) in children … .”1 Their principal finding was that over half of all children with OEDs had symptomatic epilepsies and only 6 (under 7% of the total) had benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms (BCEOP). This conflicts with other studies, some prospective, suggesting a prevalence of up to 8% of all, not just occipital, childhood epilepsies.2 The principal reason for this discrepancy is probably methodologic. The study by Libenson et al.1 was retrospective and relied on the identification from an EEG database of children with OEDs before 1997. Clinical details, including diagnosis, were then obtained from patient records. The common form of BCEOP (early onset variant or Panayiotopoulos syndrome), although first described almost 20 years ago, has only recently been confirmed worldwide, particularly in Europe, Japan, and South America.3-5 Defining seizure features are liable to be missed or misinterpreted unless the clinician is familiar with this syndrome. It is characterized by a combination of autonomic and behavioral disturbances, vomiting, deviation of the eyes, and usually impairment of consciousness, with some seizures progressing to convulsions. Seizures usually last more than 3 minutes; a quarter last for over an hour. Moreover, Libenson et al.1 specifically excluded patients whose EEG showed focal discharges in extra-occipital sites. In BCEOP, up to one …
A bicriteria mathematical programming model for nutrition planning in developing nations

Mathematical programming models for nutrition planning in developing nations typically involve the optimization of a single criterion function subject to resource and nutritional constraints. The nutritional constraints specify that the amount available of each nutrient for human consumption should meet or exceed some prechosen nutrient requirement level. However, fixed nutrient requirement levels are difficult to prespecify. In this paper, a bicriteria mathematical programming model is proposed which does not require planners to prespecify nutrient requirement levels for several key nutrients. Instead, the model generates an entire set of efficient nutrition plans which supply various amounts of these nutrients. To demonstrate the use and potential benefits of this model, an illustrative application to Colombia, South America is included.
EFFECT OF LH ON OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID OVER A 24-HOUR PERIOD.

The possibility of a 24-hr periodicity in ovarian responsivity to LH was investigated by measuring the ovarian ascorbic acid (OAA)-depleting effects of saline, 0.4 μg LH and 1.6 μg LH, administered at 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr period, in immature gonadotropin-primed rats in 2 separate experiments. A drop in OAA levels in the saline-injected rats occurred between 2 and 6 PM in both experiments, suggesting either an endogenous release of LH or a spontaneous timerelated fall in OAA concentration independent of hypophysial secretion. OAA levels (uncorrected for saline values) in the LH-treated rats also varied significantly with time. When these levels were corrected for simultaneous values in the saline-treated rats, OAA (0.4 μg LH)/OAA (saline) was inversely related to the saline-induced OAA levels; however, OAA (1.6 μg LH)/OAA (saline) was independent of the “saline” levels. These corrected OAA responses to LH still showed some alterations with time of day. However, while the time-ofday effect for the sa...
Effects of stimulus duration and task experience on gaze shift

Abstract The effects of stimulus duration and prior task experience on gaze shift were studied to determine the spatial characteristics of gaze shift as affected by prior experience. Thirty-six subjects (with normal or corrected-to-normal vision) participated in two sessions of a task that required viewing two consecutively presented letters at either 15° or 50° eccentricity and deciding whether they were the same or different. In the first session (SS1) a letter was presented for eitfier 500 (N = 18) or 1000 ms (N = 18), followed by a second letter. In session 2 (SS2), the groups were divided with half of the group performing the task under the same conditions as they did in SS1, while the other half was switched to the other first letter duration. Head and eye movements were recorded using a photoelectric transducer and electrooculogram (EOG), respectively. Few head movements occurred with targets presented at 15° eccentricity. Approximately 80% of gaze shifts to the 50° stimuli included a head movement...
Sir Gawain and the green knight and the history of medieval rhetoric.

During the Middle Ages, rhetoric and literature were thoroughly intertwined, whereas current notions of disciplinarity, in which literature and rhetoric are constructed as separate traditions, muddy our understanding of medieval practice. This essay reads Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an anonymous fourteenth-century poem, as engaged in a Ciceronian debate over the ramifications of legislative rhetoric on civic decision-making. Because of the paucity of information on medieval rhetorical practice, it concludes, literature is a resource that illuminates this neglected and misunderstood historical period.
Retinal Muller Glia Initiate Innate Response to Infectious Stimuli via Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

Ocular surgeries and trauma predispose the eye to develop infectious endophthalmitis, which often leads to vision loss. The mechanisms of initiation of innate defense in this disease are not well understood but are presumed to involve retinal glial cells. We hypothesize that retinal Muller glia can recognize and respond to invading pathogens via TLRs, which are key regulators of the innate immune system. Using the mouse retinal sections, human retinal Muller cell line (MIO-M1), and primary mouse retinal Muller cells, we show that they express known human TLR1-10, adaptor molecules MyD88, TRIF, TRAM, and TRAF6, and co-receptors MD2 and CD14. Consistent with the gene expression, protein levels were also detected for the TLRs. Moreover, stimulation of the Muller glia with TLR 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 agonists resulted in an increased TLR expression as assayed by Western blot and flow cytometry. Furthermore, TLR agonists or live pathogen (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, & C. albicans)-challenged Muller glia produced significantly higher levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8), concomitantly with the activation of NF-κB, p38 and Erk signaling. This data suggests that Muller glia directly contributes to retinal innate defense by recognizing microbial patterns under infectious conditions; such as those in endophthalmitis.
Anthony J. Lemelle. Black Masculinity and Sexual Politics. New York: Routledge, 2010.

In the Afterword to her 2004 publication, Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism, Patricia Hill Collins calls for “different conceptions of femininity and masculinity ...
TSH METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN LAMB

We have reported that serum T3 in the lamb increases in the newborn period and that this increase seems to be provoked by cutting the umbilical cord (CCT). To further clarify the role of TSH in the newborn lamb we have studied serum OTSH levels and the response to exogenous TRH. In controls serum TSH levels increased modestly to peak levels (mean 215%) at 30 min. A similar 30–45 min. peak (mean 160%) occurred in newborns in which CCT is delayed 60 min. In spite of the early OTSH A the T3 response was delayed until after CCT. The response to TRH (230 μg injected intravenously) was studied in 8 lambs. Four were under 6 hrs. of age and 4 were between 7–18 hr. Blood was sampled serially for measurements of TSH, prolactin, T4 and T3. There was a rapid rise in serum TSH and prolactin cone, in the first 15 min.: from a mean of 7.3 μU/ml and 571 ng/ml at 0 time to 14.2 μU/ml and 2130 ng/ml, respectively. A second peak was observed at 120 min. after TRH, both for TSH (24.6 μU/ml) and prolactin (2149 ng/ml), suggesting new synthesis and release. T4 and T3 levels began to rise between 60 and 120 min. Peak levels were achieved 6 hr. after TRH: T4 Δ 12.6 to 22.2 μg/100 ml and T3 δ 221 to 320 ng/100 ml. These data indicate 1) the TSH response in the newborn lamb is much less marked than in the newborn infant 2) the TSH and T3 responses can be dissociated by CCT 3) the T3 response is not due to TSH Δ 4) the newborn lamb responds to TRH with rapid increases in TSH and prolactin.
Control barrier function based quadratic programs with application to adaptive cruise control

This paper develops a control methodology that unifies control barrier functions and control Lyapunov functions through quadratic programs. The result is demonstrated on adaptive cruise control, which presents both safety and performance considerations, as well as actuator bounds. We begin by presenting a novel notion of a barrier function associated with a set, formulated in the context of Lyapunov-like conditions; the existence of a barrier function satisfying these conditions implies forward invariance of the set. This formulation naturally yields a notion of control barrier function (CBF), yielding inequality constraints in the control input that, when satisfied, again imply forward invariance of the set. Through these constructions, CBFs can naturally be unified with control Lyapunov functions (CLFs) in the context of a quadratic program (QP); this allows for the simultaneous achievement of control objectives (represented by CLFs) subject to conditions on the admissible states of the system (represented by CBFs). These formulations are illustrated in the context of adaptive cruise control, where the control objective of achieving a desired speed is balanced by the minimum following conditions on a lead car and force-based constraints on acceleration and braking.
In-Process Surface Roughness Recognition (ISRR) System in End-Milling Operations

This paper describes a new approach for surface roughness recognition (ISRR) systems to predict surface roughness (Ra) in-process using an accelerometer to measure vibration signals and cutting conditions while end-milling is taking place. The analysis of the data and the model building is carried out using a neural fuzzy system. Experimental results show that the parameters of spindle speed, feedrate, depth of cut, and vibration variables can predict the surface roughness (Ra) effectively. Surface roughness can also be predicted with a 96% accuracy rate by ISRR using the neural fuzzy system.
Design for control: A new perspective on process and product innovation

Abstract Product and process design have been examined from a multitude of perspectives: engineering, manufacturing, marketing, industrial design, as well as the integration of some or all of these perspectives. In turn, each perspective has led to approaches that are commonly known—design for manufacture (DFM), agile enterprise, concurrent engineering, value engineering, design for assembly (DFA), product data management (PDM), product life-cycle management (PLM), and many others. We propose a new perspective—design for control (DFC). DFC focuses on the carefully considered integration of new (or redesigned) parts/products into the control system structures that are used to plan and control the manufacture and assembly of products. We offer a formalization of DFC and the concept of “controllability” that facilitates development and maintenance of more efficient control systems.
Evaluation of S phase synchronization by analysis of DNA replication in 5-bromodeoxyuridine.

Abstract The S phase kinetics have been evaluated in cells synchronized with either thymidine or hydroxyurea by direct analysis of the proportion of DNA semi-conservatively replicated as a function of time after release from the inhibitor. The proportion of DNA replicated was determined by growing the cells in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and subsequently measuring the amount of DNA that acquired increased buoyant density in CsCl gradients. The results confirm previous reports that substantial DNA synthesis occurs during TdR treatment. In contrast, HU provided a population of cells very nearly at the G 1-S interphase since 95 % of the DNA replicated synchronously after its removal. It is proposed that by measuring the rate and maximum extent of DNA replication with BUdR during S phase one can evaluate different synchrony methods for use in experiments designed to study aspects of semiconservative DNA replication.