cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erratum to: Determinants of Survivorship Care Plan Use in US Cancer Programs

Table 1 in the original publication of “Determinants of survivorship care plan use inUnited States cancer programs” (Birken SA, Deal AM, Mayer DK, Weiner BJ; 2014;doi:10.1007/s13187014-0645-7) erroneously excluded an item designation for one group of response options. The following response options should correspond to the item "In your opinion, what are barriers to SCP use in your cancer program? Please check all that apply.": “There are not enough resources (e.g., time, staff, training, money) to use SCPs”; "Perception that SCPs are difficult to use"; "Influential people (e.g., physician champions, managers) have not advocated for SCPs to be used"; and "Other."
Using Hopfield neural networks for operational sequencing for prismatic parts on NC machines

Abstract A numerical control (NC) machine is accurate and expensive equipment that provides us with flexible and reliable operations. However, many process planners only use their instinct in planning operational sequencing and do not minimize non-cutting time. In this paper, the sequencing task is formulated as constrained optimization problems to generate efficient machining of a part for NC machines. Factors in this study include part and table orientations and feature grouping for same cutting tools. First, this proposed method finds the minimum part orientations to cover all part features in order to reduce the most time consuming setups. Then it finds the minimum table orientations needed based on the accessibility of parts features in each part orientation. Most importantly, the preliminary sequence is refined by including feature precedence relationship and feature clustering for tools and tool approaching directions that will reduce tool re-orientation and tool changing time. Due to potential conflicts of constraints for sequencing optimization from the imbedding of precedence relationships, the soft computing ability of neural networks must be utilized in this refining procedure. This paper models the problem that allows an analogy to be conducted between finding the best operation sequence and minimizing the energy function of a Hopfield neural network. Finally, a spindle cover is used as an example to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method.
Mutual information analysis of the EEG in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Objective : Mutual information provides a measure of both the linear and nonlinear statistical dependencies between two time series. Cross-mutual information (CMI) is used to quantify the information transmitted from one time series to another, while auto mutual information (AMI) in a time series estimates how much on average the value of the time series can be predicted from values of the time series at preceding points. The aim of this study is to assess information transmission between different cortical areas in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients by estimating the average CMI between EEG electrodes. Methods : We recorded the EEG from 16 scale electrodes in 15 AD patients and 15 age-matched normal controls, and estimated the local, distant, and interhemispheric CMIs of the EEG in both groups. The rate of decrease (with increasing delay) of the AMI of the EEG was also measured to evaluate the complexity of the EEG in AD patients. Results : The local CMI in AD subjects was lower than that in normal controls, especially over frontal and antero-temporal regions. A prominent decrease in information transmission between distant electrodes in the right hemisphere and between corresponding interhemispheric electrodes was detected in the AD patients. In addition, the AMIs throughout the cerebrums of the AD patients decreased significantly more slowly with delay than did the AMIs of normal controls. Conclusions : These results are consistent with previous findings that suggest the association of EEG abnormalities in AD patients with functional impairment of information transmission in long cortico-cortical connections.
Assessing cloud transient impacts on grid with solar and battery energy systems

To assess the impact of intermittency of rapidly increasing solar photovoltaic (PV) generation on the grid, this paper presents the dynamic modeling and integration of the components that need to be considered including solar PV plant, battery energy storage system (BESS), the grid-tied interface, and the associated control systems. The complexity and accuracy models of these components are suitable for evaluating the cloud transient impact on bulk power system. Of particular interest is the grid inertial response in situations such as for high penetration levels of solar generation and/or the fast cloud transient induced solar generation decrease coupled with outages that recurrently occur in the grid, e.g., a generator trip. The impact of such events on the grid frequency responses is investigated using a simplified simulation approach to account for the irradiance variation patterns. Responsive battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are recognized as an effective means to improve the inertial response, as investigated and demonstrated in this study.
A case study of gesturally cued naming in aphasia: dominant versus nondominant hand training

Gestural plus verbal facilitation of naming was investigated in an aphasic right handed adult with apraxia and hemisensory deficit but no hemiplegia secondary to a left hemisphere lesion. An alternating treatments design was followed in combined gesture/speech training of picture naming to compare speech facilitation with dominant vs. nondominant hand iconic gesturing. A small but consistent facilitation effect was observed for naming associated with verbal plus left hand gestural training over naming of items trained in association with verbal plus right hand gesturing. This same pattern of gestural facilitation was replicated with a second set of lexical targets, those for which only verbal training was initially provided. Overall gains were retained over a six-month follow-up period for trained stimuli. Although findings are limited to the performance of a single subject, results of this study may provide data relevant to understanding mechanisms of facilitation in gesture-cued naming in aphasia.
Film area hysteresis in porous Vycor

Abstract The area of porous Vycor has been measured at various degrees of saturation with water. A plot of pore area versus location on both the adsorption and desorption branches of the isotherm was constructed. From such a plot it is clear that the pores cannot have cylindrical geometry and that two or more pore geometries contribute to the pore structure.
NMR and X-ray Diffraction Studies of Phases in the Destabilized LiH-Si System

Hydrogen absorption and desorption isotherms have been measured on ballmilled mixtures of LiH+Si powders to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters of these reversible reactions. The phase compositions at the various stages of reaction have been examined by Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) of the 7Li, 1H, and 29Si nuclei and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD). The initial mixtures of LiH and Si were found to convert into known Li-Si silicide intermetallics (i.e., Li12Si7, Li7Si3, and Li13Si4) as well as providing evidence for a previously unknown ternary Li-Si-H phase as hydrogen was first desorbed and then absorbed. While the absorption reactions are reversible over portions of the Li-Si-H composition range, incomplete recovery of the original LiH + Si phases was also observed under some test conditions.
A Dosimetric Comparison of Proton and Intensity-Modulated Photon Radiotherapy for Pediatric Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcomas

Purpose: We compared tumor and normal tissue dosimetry of proton radiation therapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for pediatric parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas (PRMS). Methods and Materials: To quantify dosimetric differences between contemporary proton and photon treatment for pediatric PRMS, proton beam plans were compared with IMRT plans. Ten patients treated with proton radiationtherapy atMassachusetts General HospitalhadIMRTplansgenerated. Tofacilitatedosimetric comparisons, clinical target volumes and normal tissue volumes were held constant. Plans were optimized for target volume coverage and normal tissue sparing. Results: Proton and IMRT plans provided acceptable and comparable target volume coverage, with at least 99% of the CTV receiving95% of the prescribed dose in all cases. Improved dose conformality provided by protontherapy resulted in significant sparing of all examined normal tissues except for ipsilateral cochlea and mastoid; ipsilateral parotid gland sparing was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05). More profound sparing of contralateral structures by protons resulted in greater dose asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral retina, optic nerves, cochlea, and mastoids; dose asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral parotids was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05). Conclusions: For pediatric PRMS, superior normal tissue sparing is achieved with proton radiation therapy compared with IMRT. Because of enhanced conformality, proton plans also demonstrate greater normal tissue dose distribution asymmetry. Longitudinal studies assessing the impact of proton radiotherapy and IMRT on normal tissue function and growth symmetry are necessary to define the clinical consequences of these differences. 2009 Elsevier Inc. Comparison, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, Parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma, Pediatric, Protons.
Personality Disorders and Culture in DSM-IV: A Critique

A brief history is presented of the suggestions on personality disorders (PDs) made by the NIMH-sponsored Culture and Diagnosis Group to APA's DSM-IV Task Force. A quantitative analysis of the level of acceptance of such suggestions in the final version of DSM-IV shows that, overall, only 27.5% of them were included. This figure increases to 51% for texts specifically related to 10 PD types. Paranoid and schizoid PD texts included most of the Group's recommendations whereas those for narcissistic, histrionic, and avoidant were almost totally ignored. Conceptually, very important notions such as a cultural dimension, self-image, acculturation, contextualization, exclusionary criteria, and differential diagnosis were omitted. The uneven presence of culture in the PDs section of DSM-IV calls for renewed efforts to increase research, clinical observations, and theoretical discussions in order to make the cultural perspective more visible and relevant in the national mental health debate.
Precut (access) sphincterotomy

Precut sphincterotomy, or access papillotomy, refers to a variety of endoscopic sphincterotomy techniques used to gain access to the bile (and occasionally pancreatic) duct(s) when conventional cannulation methods have failed. This article reviews indications, patient selection, techniques, and outcomes of precut sphincterotomy. Major techniques for biliary access include freehand needle-knife sphincterotomy, needle-knife sphincterotomy after placement of a pancreatic stent, and the Erlangen pull-type precut. Success and complication rates of precut techniques are highly variable and depend heavily on the experience and skill of the endoscopist; the indication for the procedure; anatomic variations between patients; and probably on technique-related factors, such as the use of pancreatic stents in certain settings.
The relationship between ambient lighting conditions, absolute dark-adapted thresholds, and rhodopsin in black and hypopigmented mice.

Significant variation in absolute dark-adapted thresholds is observed both within and between strains of mice with differing ocular pigmentation levels. Differences in threshold within a single strain are related to the Williams' photostasis effect, that is, photoreceptor rhodopsin levels are dependent upon ambient lighting conditions. To examine threshold differences among strains, we equalized rhodopsin levels by maintaining albino mice (c 2J /c 2J ) at 2 X 10 -4 cd/m 2 (dim light) and black mice at 2 X 10 2 cd/m 2 (bright light). This resulted in ocular rhodopsin levels for albino mice (albino-dim) of 494 ± 11 pmoles/eye and rhodopsin levels for black mice (black-bright) of 506 ± 25 pmoles/eye. For comparison, rhodopsin levels in black mice maintained in dim light are 586 ± 46 pmoles/eye and 217 ± 46 pmoles/eye in albino mice maintained in bright light. We found similar dark-adapted thresholds (6.38 log cd/m 2 vs. 6.47 log cd/m 2) ) in albino and black mice with equivalent rhodopsin determined with a water maze test. This suggests that dark-adapted thresholds are directly related to rhodopsin levels regardless of the level of ocular melanin. The number of photoreceptors, photoreceptor layer thickness, and outer segment length did not differ significantly between albino (dark) and black mice (bright). These results demonstrate that the visual sensitivity defect found in hypopigmented animals is secondary to abnormal rhodopsin regulation and that hypopigmented animals have either an improper input to the photostasis mechanism or that the photostasis mechanism is defective.
Localization of Two Loci that Confer Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode from Glycine soja PI 468916

Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Riggs and Niblack) isolate PA3 (HG Type 0, Race 3) were previously mapped in a population of Fr-derived lines developed from a cross with the Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. plant introduction (PI) 468916. These two QTL represent new resistance genes as they reside in genetic locations that differ from where SCN-resistance QTL in soybean [Glycine max (L). Men.] cultivars map. The objectives of this research were to confirm the G. soja SCN-resistance QTL in a domestic soybean background and to localize, or better define, the positions of these QTL. Additional molecular markers were identified within, the regions containing the SCN-resistance QTL by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Each QTL was localized by developing and testing several backcross populations that segregated for different genomic regions where the resistance QTL map. The SCN-resistance QTL on LG E was localized to a 13.2-cM interval with an average marker distance of 0.6 cM. The SCN-resistance QTL on LG G was localized to an 18.5-cM interval with an average marker distance of 3.1 cM. The AFLP-BSA technique proved to be beneficial for adding molecular markers to the two regions from G. soja that confer resistance to SCN. These closely linked markers will assist in map-based cloning of the G. soja PI 468916 SCN resistance genes which could potentially uncover genes involved in the soybean-SCN interaction and aid with their continued exploration.
Synthesizing a new dielectric elastomer exhibiting large actuation strain and suppressed electromechanical instability without prestretching

Prestrain provides high actuation performance in dielectric elastomers (DEs) but increases the bulk, mass, and fatigue of the resulting actuators. Based on our experiments on prestrain-locked interpenetrating polymer films and the model developed by Zhao and Suo, materials with a certain stress–strain relationship should be capable of high strain without prestrain by suppressing electromechanical instability (EMI). Here, we report the synthesis of an acrylic elastomer capable of achieving high actuation performance without prestrain. DE films were directly fabricated by ultraviolet curing of precursors comprising a mixture of acrylate comonomers. Varying the amount of crosslinker comonomer in the precursor allowed us to tune the stress–strain relationship and completely suppress EMI while maintaining high strain performance. Addition of plasticizing agents increased strain sensitivity. The result is a new DE, synthesized from scratch, capable of high actuation strain (>100%), high energy density (>1 J g−1), and good temperature and frequency response without requiring prestretching. The material can be fabricated using conventional coating techniques and the process can allow for high volume throughput of stacked DE actuators. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Structural diversity of mast cell granules in black and white skin

Background There are conflicting reports of structural differences between black and white skin, other than pigmentary differences. Objectives To evaluate differences in mast cells between black and white skin. Methods Biopsies of normal buttock skin were obtained from four African-American males (29·2 ± 3·0 years old) and four Caucasian males (29·4 ± 1·2 years old) and processed routinely for electron microscopy. For the quantitative assessment of mast cell granules, five electron micrographs at a final magnification of × 53,700 were analysed for each individual, using a computer-assisted image analyser. More than 10 granules per cell, and a total of 1210 granules, were evaluated for their internal structures. Results Mast cells in black skin contained larger granules than those in white skin (P < 0·0001). In black skin, fusion of granules seemed to account for the larger sizes. The percentage of granule matrix occupied by curved lamellae was higher in white skin, whereas parallel–linear striations were more frequent in black skin (P < 0·05). The subgranular distribution of the mast cell proteases, tryptase and cathepsin G, were evaluated by immunoelectron microscopy. Tryptase reactivity was localized preferentially over the parallel–linear striations and partially over the dark amorphous subregions within granules of black skin, whereas it was confined to the peripheral area of granules, including curved lamellae, in white skin. Cathepsin G reactivity was more intense over the electron-dense amorphous areas in both groups, while parallel–linear striations in black skin and curved lamellae in white skin were negative. Conclusions This study has confirmed ultrastructural differences in mast cell granules between black and white skin, which may be of functional importance.
Distribution of mRNA in the cytoplasmic polyribosomes of the HeLa cell.

The cytoplasmic polyribosomes of HeLa cells have a broad spectrum of sizes. The larger structures contain the largest mRNA, while the smallest contain a mixture of large and small mRNA. Evidence is presented that this distribution of mRNA represents the steady state in these cells and that many mRNA molecules are therefore incompletely loaded with ribosomes. The transit time of a newly synthesized mRNA molecule into polysomes is found to be less than seven minutes, implying little or no pool of preformed mRNA destined to enter cytoplasmic polyribosomes.
Spectroscopic diagnosis of colonic dysplasia

— —We have developed a method for defining diagnostic algorithms for pathologic conditions based on fluorescence spectroscopy. We apply this method to human colon tissue and show that fluorescence can be used to diagnose the presence or absence of colonic adenoma. This method uses fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEM) to identify optimal excitation regions for obtaining fluorescence emission spectra which can be used to differentiate normal and pathologic tissues. In the case of normal and adenomatous colon tissue, these were found to be: 330, 370, and 430 nm ± 10 nm. At these excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths for use in diagnostic algorithms are identified from average difference and ratio of the spectra from normal and pathologic tissues. In colon tissue, at 370 nm excitation, 404, 480, and 680 nm were found to be useful emission wavelengths for diagnosing the presence of adenoma in vitro. The basis of colon tissue autofluorescence was investigated using EEM of pure molecules and relevant excitation–emission maxima in the literature.
Acute traumatic posteroinferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: report of three cases.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to blunt head trauma is rarely associated with traumatic aneurysms of the posterior circulation. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present three cases of posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms after blunt head trauma. In each case, there was no associated penetrating injury or cranial fracture. All three patients presented with acute hydrocephalus requiring ventriculostomy. Two of the three patients had a proximal PICA aneurysm visible on emergent angiography. The remaining patient's aneurysm, although not visible on his initial angiogram, was detected on a subsequent angiogram 72 hours later. INTERVENTION: All patients underwent successful surgical clipping of their aneurysms. Two cases required sacrificing of the parent vessels because of the friable nature of the false aneurysms. In each case, severe symptomatic vasospasm occurred, requiring angioplasty. All three patients also required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for persistent hydrocephalus. CONCLUSION: Features of these three cases and similar cases reported in the literature support the theory that vascular ruptures and traumatic aneurysms of the proximal PICA may be related to anatomic variability of the PICA as it transverses the brainstem. This variability predisposes individuals to vascular lesions, which occur in a continuum based on the severity of the injury. Posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage after head injury requires a high index of suspicion and warrants aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Optical properties and structure of amorphous silicon films prepared by CVD

Abstract Silicon films were deposited by pyrolytic decomposition of silane on substrates held at various temperatures, T s , in the range 550 to 800°C. The absorption coefficient, refractive index, anf X-ray diffraction pattern of these films were determined. The films deposited at temperatures, T s ≤660°C are amorphous, and their absorption profile resembles that reported in the literature for sputtered or evaporated amorphous films after long-time anneal. Films deposited on substrates at or above 670°C are partially crystallized, with particle size increasing gradually with substrate temperature. When the amorphous films are annealed, the resulting changes depend on length and temperature of the anneal. After a temperature-dependent induction period, the samples crystallize rapidly. The volume shrinks by ≈3% as determined from the decrease in film thickness. The onset of crystallization is indicated first by a red shift of the absorption edge, which after further anneal is overcompensated by a blue shift. The results demonstrate that the superior solar absorptance of amorphous silicon can be utilized in photothermal solar energy converters of sufficient stability without sacrificing the advantages of CVD fabrication.
Cohort Succession in the US Housing Market: New Houses, the Baby Boom, and Income Stratification

Federal housing policy in the US across the postwar period supported the construction of new houses more than public provision or renovation of older structures as a means of ensuring a sufficient supply of quality dwellings. Understanding trends in new housing in particular is thus crucial to understanding the housing regime. Following Myers (Housing demography: Linking demographic structure and housing markets. University of Wisconsin Press, 1990; Housing Studies, 14, 473–490,1999), this paper conceptualizes historical change in the housing stock within a demographic framework as the movement of cohorts of households through cohorts of housing stock. Recent evidence suggests that a new cohort of houses arose in the 1980s and 1990s (larger with more amenities than past vintages), and that buyers of those new houses were increasingly affluent. In this paper, I link the succession to a new cohort of houses to household cohort succession and examine the increasing affluence of new house buyers by age and cohort, focusing especially on the entry of the Baby Boom generation exactly when the new cohort of houses arrived. I use US Census microdata for 1960–2000 to develop a cohort longitudinal dataset, and analyze historical change in stratification in new house ownership. I find significant shifts between cohorts in income inequality among new house buyers, with implications for the capacity of the housing regime to meet the future needs of an increasingly diverse population.
The specificity of aquocobalamin-binding to bovine serum albumin.

Abstract Aquocobalamin forms a tight complex with bovines serum albumin. Evidence is presented showing that the water molecule on the sixth coordination position of aquocobalamin hydrogen bonds to histdine residues in the protein. The aquocobalamin molecule must be in a protected environment since formate only slowly reduces Co(III) aquocobalamin to cob(II)alamin(B 12r ) in the bovine serum albumin-aquocobalamin complez. The specificity of aquocobalamin binding to bovine serum albumin is substantial since other aquated Co(III) complexes do not compete for the B 12 -binding sites. It has already been established that Cd 2+ binds to histidine residues in bovine serum albumin. Competitive binding experiments between aquocobalamin and Cd 2+ prove the involvement of histidine and confirm the number of aquocobalamin-binding sites in bovine serum albumin.
A paradigm for jointed Hamiltonian and dissipative systems

A paradigm for describing dynamical systems that have both Hamiltonian and dissipative parts is presented. Features of generalized Hamiltonian systems and metric systems are combined to produce what are called metriplectic systems. The phase space for metriplectic systems is equipped with a bracket operator that has an antisymmetric Poisson bracket part and a symmetric dissipative part. Flows are obtained by means of this bracket together with a quantity called the generalized free energy, which is composed of an energy and a generalized entropy. The generalized entropy is some function of the Casimir invariants of the Poisson bracket. Two examples are considered: (1) a relaxing free rigid body and (2) a plasma collision operator that can be tailored so that the equilibrium state is an arbitrary monotonic function of the energy.
An Asymptotic Formula in Best Approximation

We generalize some results of Saff and Varga on weighted approximation of a fixed monomial by a given finite-dimensional space of incomplete polynomials.
Communications: Inhibitory Effects of Tannic Acid and Its Derivatives on Growth of the Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. Strain MAC and Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6

Abstract Nostoc sp. strain MAC, a filamentous cyanobacterium, produces the compound geosmin, which causes off-flavor in commercially produced catfish. Tannic acid, propyl gallate, and gallic acid inhibited growth and pigment synthesis in both MAC and Agmenellum quadruplicatum strain PR-6, a cyanobacterium that does not cause off-flavor. These compounds were inhibitory in both laboratory growth media and in pond water augmented with growth medium, as demonstrated by disk agar diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of tannic acid, propyl gallate, and gallic acid in augmented pond water were respectively 320, 240, and 500 μg/disk for MAC and 20, 40, and 20 μg/disk for PR-6. Methyl gallate at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 80 μm/disk was active against PR-6 but was entirely inactive against MAC. Strain PR-6 was more susceptible to these chemicals than was strain MAC.
Induction of hepatic differentiation in embryonic stem cells by co-culture with embryonic cardiac mesoderm

Abstract Background. Modifications in vitro have been used to direct embryonic stem (ES) cells toward endodermal phenotypes including hepatocytes; however, developmental correlates and evidence of biologic activity is lacking, and critical cell-cell interactions have not been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that cardiac mesoderm (CM) signals ES cells in co-culture to undergo differentiation toward early hepatocyte lineage as determined by morphology and induction of genes essential for endodermal competence and hepatocyte development. Methods. Green fluorescent protein ES derived from A129 mice were cultured with or without embryonic chick cardiac mesoderm. Cultures from day 1, 2, and 4 were analyzed for colony formation and ES morphology and 10 6 ES-derived cells were isolated for mRNA analysis. Results. ES in co-culture with CM displayed colony formation, polymorphic appearance, and definitive interface with CM. In addition, ES + CM co-culture activated crucial transcription factors (sox 17α, HNF3β, and GATA 4) required for hepatocyte development by day 1. mRNA for albumin and especially a-fetoprotein were also increased by culture days 2 and 4. Conclusions. ES cells co-cultured with CM display morphology and gene expression pattern required for hepatocyte differentiation and appear to recapitulate the molecular events of hepatogenesis. (Surgery 2003;134:189-96.)
Paley-Wiener theorems on groups of split rank one

Let G be a linear semisimple Lie group of split rank one with K a maximal compact subgroup. In this paper, we consider the space Cc∞(G:F) of all functions in Cc∞(G) whose left and right K-translates span a finite-dimensional space. Using the analytic continuation of the principal series to define the Fourier transform, we give a characterization of the Fourier transform of the space Cc∞(G:F). This gives an analog of the classical Paley-Wiener theorem which gives a characterization of the Fourier transform of the space Cc∞(Rn).
The Gamma Oscillation: Master or Slave?

The idea that gamma enhancement reflects a state of high neuronal excitability and synchrony, critical for active brain operations, sets gamma up as a "master" or executor process that determines whether an input is effectively integrated and an effective output is generated. However, gamma amplitude is often coupled to the phase of lower frequency delta or theta oscillations, which would make gamma a "slave" to lower frequency activity. Gamma enslavement is productive and typical during rhythmic mode brain operations; when a predictable rhythm is in play, low and mid-frequency oscillations can be entrained and their excitability fluctuations of put to work in sensory and motor functions. When there is no task relevant rhythm that the system can entrain to, low frequency oscillations become detrimental to processing. Then, a continuous (vigilance) mode of operation is implemented; the system's sensitivity is maximized by suppressing lower frequency oscillations and exploiting continuous gamma band oscillations. Each mode has costs and benefits, and the brain shifts dynamically between them in accord with task demands.
Experiential avoidance: A moderator of the relationship between age and emotional expression

Objectives: Experiential avoidance (EA) is the unwillingness to remain in contact with particular private experiences, and higher levels of EA are associated with increased psychopathology. This study explored relationships between EA, age, and the use of emotion words in positive and negative autobiographical narratives. Method: Participants included younger (n = 60) and older adults (n = 60) who completed a measure of EA and described a positive and negative autobiographical narrative. Results: In the positive autobiographical narrative, there was a significant interaction between age and EA whereby among low EA participants, younger adults used more emotion words than older adults. In the negative autobiographical narrative, there was a main effect of age in which older adults utilized fewer emotional words and a significant interaction whereby among high EA participants, younger adults used more emotion words than older adults. Conclusion: Results are explained in the developmental context of Socioemo...
Multiple quantum well optical modulator structures using surface acoustic wave induced Stark effect

Multiple-quantum-well (MQW) optical modulator structures using the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) manifested by the application of an electric field induced by a propagating surface acoustic wave (SAW) are proposed. The magnitudes of the parallel E/sub /// and perpendicular E/sub perpendicular to / electric-field components are computed to determine the electroabsorption and change of index of refraction for the AlGaAs-GaAs system. The proposed structures are shown to be less cumbersome than conventional p-i-n configurations used to impress E. In addition, an enhanced performance Bragg modulator/switch which utilizes the QCSE as well as the acoustic phase grating produced by the SAW beam is described. >
Older is colder: observations on body temperature among nursing home subjects.

Objective To compare diurnal body temperature between young and old subjects. Design Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from 167 elderly subjects residing in the nursing home and 21 high school students. Setting Two nursing homes and a high school. Participants Participants were 167 nursing home subjects and 21 high school students. Measurements Oral temperatures were measured in the morning and afternoon among nursing home subjects and high school students using an electronic digital thermometer. Results The average age of old and young subjects was 82.5 and 14.6 years, respectively. Mean morning temperature was not different between the old (97.3 ± 0.82°F) and young (97.1 ± 1.03°F). In young subjects, afternoon temperatures increased by 0.69 ± 1.15°F to 97.8 ± 0.92°F ( P P > .05). The increase during the day was greater for young subjects compared with the old ( P Conclusion Both older and young subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few young and old subjects even achieve this temperature. The diurnal rise in body temperature was less among nursing home subjects compared with younger subjects.
The Effects of Steady-State Reactor Radiation on Thin Magnetic Films

The effects of steady-state reactor radiation on thin magnetic films were studied experimentally. Radiation effects were characterized in terms of changes in the magnetic properties of films at several flux levels. The nature of changes in solid-state structure was studied by means of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Changes in magnetic properties are discussed as a function of physical damage to the films. The influence of coatings applied to the films to prevent non-nuclear damage is evaluated. Radiation-induced changes are compared to changes induced by annealing similar films in air. An explanation for observed differences in the extent of damage as a function of coating material is suggested.
Meditations on Systems Thinking, Spiritual Systems, and Deep Ecology

This paper is written for a broad general readership. It presents a prismatic reflection on systemic thinking, Buddhist philosophy, and deep ecology, with the objective of shedding light on world problems and understanding their gravity. Such an inquiry constitutes a formidable spearhead for the betterment of the world, guiding us towards holism, and moving us away from the partial, fragmented, compartmentalized thinking that is prevalent today. Although no deliberate attempt is made to articulate solutions to specific problems, a brief account of current socially engaged action is described.
Long-Term Weight Regulation Changes in Rats following Repeated Protamine Zinc Insulin Injections Given during the Juvenile Period

The long-term consequences of early insulin-induced obesity were investigated in two experiments: the first involving 45 female rats and the second 55 males. There was, in both experiments, a prolonged suppression of weight gain following the termination of injections in insulin treated rats. Experimental rats defended this lower body weight even when placed on a high-fat, sweetened diet. In Exp. 2 measures of food and water, intake obesity as measured by the Lee Index, and energy efficiency were taken. Insulin-treated rats consumed a greater number of kcals during injections but fewer than controls during the 14-day resting phase and the 28-day dietary manipulation. The insulin group was more obese than the control group at the end of injections but between-group differences were lost following the resting phase and the dietary manipulation. During injections, experimental rats and controls were approximately equal in their energy efficiency, but insulin-treated rats were significantly less efficient dur...
Self-Awareness, Self-Understanding and Self-Concept.

The awareness and understanding of one's self as learning disabled may be a key component to increasing self-concept among LD adolescents.
Pressure-induced self-broadening and frequency shift measurements of absorption lines of acetylene using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Abstract Diode laser spectroscopy is used to investigate pressure-induced self-broadening as well as frequency shifts of several absorption lines in the ν 1 +3 ν 3 overtone band around 780 nm region. A 35 meter path-length multipass cell is used to measure absorption directly as well as with the wavelength–modulation technique involving detection at first and second harmonics of the modulation frequency. Acetylene pressures in the 5–600 Torr range are used. Absorption linewidths are measured with Fabry–Perot interferometer having a free spectral range of 750 MHz. Frequency shift measurements and pressure-broadening coefficients of some spectral lines are reported for the first time.
A Computational Study of the Evaporation Characteristics of an Air-Blast Atomized, Kerosene Spray in Porous Media

The evaporation characteristics of an air-blast atomized kerosene spray in porous media in a 2D-axisymmetric coflow environment were studied numerically. A swirling primary air stream with varying intensity was used to aid the atomization process. The effects of non-Darcy flow in porous medium were modeled using a modified form of Ergun equation. Local thermal equilibrium between the fluid mixture and porous medium was assumed. Conductive and transient heat flux terms in the energy equation were modified to include the effective thermal conductivity and thermal inertia of the solid region respectively. The effective thermal conductivity was defined as the volumetric average between solid and fluid media. First, the temperature characteristics of the porous medium, arising from different source terms, were obtained. Complete vaporization of kerosene was achieved when the maximum temperature of the porous medium was at 590 K. The effects of porous medium temperature, primary air swirl number, fuel flow rate, and secondary (coflow) air inlet temperature on vaporization were analyzed. For all cases, kerosene vapor concentration profiles at five different axial locations in the domain (0.08, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, and 0.19m from the nozzle) were obtained. An increase in secondary air inlet temperature from 373 K to 473 K increased the completeness of evaporation from 94% to 97%. When the swirl number was increased from 0.14 to 0.34, the peak vapor concentration was reduced by 31% and more vapor spread radially. The porous medium temperature was found to be a crucial factor in obtaining the complete vaporization of the spray.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the nonstructural phosphoprotein, NS2, of bluetongue virus serotype 17 : comparison to two isolates of serotype 10

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 17 segment 8 from North America (NA) coding for the nonstructural phosphoprotein, NS2, was determined. This segment contains 1125 base pairs and codes for a protein of 40,581 daltons containing 354 amino acids with a net charge of −8.5 at pH 7.0. The carboxyl terminal portion of the protein is very hydrophilic and has a high degree of potential α-helix. Serine is the major, if not the exclusive, phosphorylated amino acid residue and ten of the twenty serine residues present in NS2 are found in consensus phosphorylation sites. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of BTV-17NA segment 8 with the sequence of BTV-10NA and BTV-10 South Africa (SA) revealed a greater degree of homology between different serotypes within the same geographical area i.e., 17NA and 10NA, than between isolates of the same serotype located in different areas i.e., 10NA and 10SA. The same homology relationship as above was found at the amino acid level.
A survey of techniques for the analysis of sampled-data control systems

The present use in control systems of pulsed-data links, track-while-scan radar, digital computers, and many other intermittently operative devices has stimulated interest in the analysis of sampled-data control systems. The tremendous effort now being expended to develop the techniques for analyzing such systems has resulted in the proposal of several methods of analysis. This paper presents an up-to-date discussion of the state of the art and lists proposed techniques of analysis with an explanation of the applications and limitations of each.
Chemotherapeutic agents do not interact with neurotransmitter receptors.

The interactions of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, mitomycin, carmustine (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and thio-TEPA were assessed at three neurotransmitter receptor binding sites. Each drug was inactive at concentrations as high as 10-4M in displacing the specific binding of 3H-spiperone to dopamine D2, 3H-pyrilamine to histamine H1, and 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate to muscarinic cholinergic receptors. These data suggest that chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are not due to interactions with neurotransmitter receptors.
A new Gödelian argument for hypercomputing minds based on the busy beaver problem

Abstract Do human persons hypercompute? Or, as the doctrine of computationalism holds, are they information processors at or below the Turing Limit? If the former, given the essence of hypercomputation, persons must in some real way be capable of infinitary information processing. Using as a springboard Godel’s little-known assertion that the human mind has a power “converging to infinity”, and as an anchoring problem Rado’s [T. Rado, On non-computable functions, Bell System Technical Journal 41 (1963) 877–884] Turing-uncomputable “busy beaver” (or Σ ) function, we present in this short paper a new argument that, in fact, human persons can hypercompute. The argument is intended to be formidable, not conclusive: it brings Godel’s intuition to a greater level of precision, and places it within a sensible case against computationalism.
Calculation of the Temperature Dependence of the Electron-Phonon Mass Enhancement

Theoretical calculations are presented of the temperature dependence of the electron-phonon mass enhancement for 16 nontransition metals. The results are in good agreement with low-temperature measurements on zinc as reported by Sabo in the preceding paper. A pseudopotential model of the electron-phonon coupling was used, with a modified form of the single-orthogonalized-plane-wave approximation. These calculations agree well with calculations based on data obtained from superconducting tunneling experiments.
Augmented excretion of urine gonadotrophins during ACTH administration.

SummaryAugmented excretion of urine pituitary gonadotrophins has been demonstrated in 8 of 9 patients receiving ACTH for the treatment of several clinical entities. In the one exception, the doubling of the control gonadotropin titer could not be attributed directly to the effects of the ACTH. Increases of 2 to 8-fold were observed in the remaining patients. The augmentation appeared to be independent of age and sex, was not proportional to the dose of ACTH, and showed irregularities in time of appearance or persistence. In the patient with hypophyseal calcification, the effect was observed on the second day of therapy only which suggested that normal hypophyseal function was essential for the increased excretion. The known reno-tropic effect of the adrenal steroids was considered the most probable explanation for the observed changes.
Pitfalls of accelerated testing

Accelerated tests are used to obtain timely information on product life or performance degradation over time. Test units are used more frequently than usual or are subjected to higher than usual levels of accelerating variables like temperature and voltage. Then the results are used, through an appropriate physically-based statistical model, to make predictions about product life or performance over time, at the more moderate use conditions. The extrapolative predictions inherent in the use of accelerated testing raise serious concerns, and the use of accelerated testing has many dangerous pitfalls. This paper warns potential users about some of these pitfalls.
Ultrasonic backscatter from contrast producing collagen microspheres.

Measurements of ultrasonic backscatter from solid collagen microspheres in suspension and from a standard erythrocyte suspension were performed. When normalized to a standard particle size and concentration, the back-scatter from the collagen was 29.6 dB above that of the erythrocytes. An in vivo canine experiment using commercial diagnostic equipment demonstrated enhanced backscatter from the liver after intravenous injection of the microspheres. Calculations show that the in vivo enhancement cannot be explained from the earlier studies. Possible mechanisms responsible for this effect are proposed.
Subglottic stenosis associated with transesophageal echocardiography

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used extensively to assess cardiac function and anatomical relationships in both adults and children. Although considered a noninvasive procedure, TEE in infants and small children may result in airway complications. A patient who developed subglottic stenosis after the use of TEE during a cardiac procedure is reported.
In-Situ Studies on Stoichiometry and Structure of Thin Film Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia under Thermal Processing

Thin films of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) of thickness ranging from 15nm-500nm have been deposited on Si 3 N 4 (90nm)/Si substrates by RF sputtering at room temperature. These samples have been studied using in situ ion scattering techniques including Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to analyze the oxygen distribution and defect chemistry as a function of annealing in various oxidizing and reducing ambient upto 500°C. In addition, the structural quality of these films after long time annealing has been investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Temperature dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been performed to study the unoccupied density of states and chemical nature of YSZ. In this paper, we will discuss in detail the effects of annealing in different ambient on the defect chemistry, structure and stability of films in these materials systems.
Relationship of Molecular Size of rIn:rCn (Poly I:C) to Induction of Interferon and Host Resistance

SummaryPreparations of high molecular weight rIn:rCn were exposed to sonic radiation. A decrease in the average molecular weight of the polynucleotide complexes after treatment was accompanied by an exponential decrease in viscosity of the preparation, an increase in the sensitivity of the polynucleotide complex to degradation by pancreatic ribonuclease, a decrease in the thermal transition midpoint, and a decrease in the hyperchromicity observed during thermal transition.The lower molecular weight rIn:rCn complexes were tested for their capacity to induce interferon in rabbits and resistance against VSV infection in cell culture and PVM infection in mice. Sonic-treated preparations of rIn:rCn reduced to an average molecular weight of approximately 4.6 × 105 were markedly reduced in capacity to protect mice against PVM infection, compared with untreated rIn:rCn preparations containing complexes having an average molecular weight of approximately 7.8 × 106. The capacity of sonic-treated rIn:rCn to induce p...