cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An epigenetic mechanism links socioeconomic status to changes in depression-related brain function in high-risk adolescents

Identifying biological mechanisms through which the experience of adversity emerges as individual risk for mental illness is an important step toward developing strategies for personalized treatment and, ultimately, prevention. Preclinical studies have identified epigenetic modification of gene expression as one such mechanism. Recent clinical studies have suggested that epigenetic modification, particularly methylation of gene regulatory regions, also acts to shape human brain function associated with risk for mental illness. However, it is not yet clear whether differential gene methylation as a function of adversity contributes to the emergence of individual risk for mental illness. Using prospective longitudinal epigenetic, neuroimaging and behavioral data from 132 adolescents, we demonstrate that changes in gene methylation associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES) predict changes in risk-related brain function. Specifically, we find that lower SES during adolescence is associated with an increase in methylation of the proximal promoter of the serotonin transporter gene, which predicts greater increases in threat-related amygdala reactivity. We subsequently demonstrate that greater increases in amygdala reactivity moderate the association between a positive family history for depression and the later manifestation of depressive symptoms. These initial results suggest a specific biological mechanism through which adversity contributes to altered brain function, which in turn moderates the emergence of general liability as individual risk for mental illness. If replicated, this prospective pathway may represent a novel target biomarker for intervention and prevention among high-risk individuals.
Flooding and salinity effects on growth and survival of four common forested wetland species

The survival, growth, and biomass of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.), water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.), Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) seedlings were examined in an experiment varying water levels (watered, flooded) and salinity levels (0, 2, and 10 ppt, plus a simulated storm surge with 32 ppt saltwater). All seedlings, except for those flooded with 10 ppt saltwater, survived to the end of the experiment. In 10 ppt saltwater, flooded baldcypress, water tupelo, and green ash survived two weeks whereas Chinese tallow survived for 6 weeks. However, a second set of slightly older baldcypress, water tupelo, and Chinese tallow seedlings survived eight weeks of flooding with 10 ppt saltwater. When carried through the winter to the beginning of the second growing season, flooded baldcypress and Chinese tallow seedlings from the 0 and 2 ppt treatments leafed out, but only Chinese tallow recovered from the saltwater surge treatment. The diameter and growth (height) of each species was not affected when watered with 2 ppt saltwater, except for the effects of the height growth of baldcypress. Growth was reduced for all species when watered with 10 ppt saltwater. The diameter growth of green ash was reduced by freshwater flooding. The diameter growth of baldcypress and water tupelo was greater when flooded with fresh water. Flooding with 2 ppt saltwater caused a significant reduction in diameter growth in water tupelo, green ash, and Chinese tallow, but not in baldcypress. Root and stem biomass values were not significantly different for any species between the 0 and 2 ppt salinity watering treatments. However, seedlings watered with 10 ppt saltwater had significantly lower root and stem biomass values, except for baldcypress roots and green ash stems. Baldcypress was least affected by flooding with 0 and 2 ppt saltwater, although there were slight reductions in root biomass with increasing salinity. Because of the susceptibility of the seedlings of these four species to increases in flooding and salinity, their regeneration may be limited in the future, thereby causing shifts in species composition.
Schema complexity and valence elicited by country logos for tourism

This study examined the influence of tourism logo design on people’s cognitive responses. In an online survey, undergraduate students were exposed to the tourism logos of Australia, Indones...
Need-Supportive Advising for Undecided Students.

To explore the relationship between need-supportive advising and students' decision making on academic majors, we conducted a longitudinal study of 145 students based on their reports of basic psychological need satisfaction and their decision-making processes. We hypothesized that need-supportive advising would positively contribute to autonomous and competent decision making. Results suggest that students who receive need-supportive advising at the beginning of the academic year report increased feelings of autonomy and competence about choosing a major toward the end of the year, implying that advising satisfies students' basic psychological needs throughout the year. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Blockchain - From the Anarchy of Cryptocurrencies to the Enterprise (Keynote Abstract)

A blockchain is a public ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the information to be appended to the blockchain, and a consensus protocol ensures that the nodes agree on a unique order in which entries are appended. Distributed protocols tolerating faults and adversarial attacks, coupled with cryptographic tools are needed for this. The recent interest in blockchains has revived research on consensus protocols, ranging from the proof-of-work method in Bitcoin's "mining" protocol to classical Byzantine agreement. Going far beyond its use in cryptocurrencies, blockchain is today viewed as a promising technology to simplify trusted exchanges of data and goods among companies. In this context, the Hyperledger Project has been established in early 2016 as an industry-wide collaborative effort to develop an open-source blockchain. This talk will present an overview of blockchain concepts, cryptographic building blocks and consensus mechanisms. It will also introduce Hyperledger Fabric, an implementation of blockchain technology intended for enterprise applications. Being one of the key partners in the Hyperledger Project, IBM is actively involved in the development of this blockchain platform.
What is special about how roaming chemical reactions traverse their potential surfaces? Differences in geodesic paths between roaming and non-roaming events

With the notable exception of some illustrative two-degree-of-freedom models whose surprising classical dynamics has been worked out in detail, theories of roaming have largely bypassed the issue of when and why the counterintuitive phenomenon of roaming occurs. We propose that a useful way to begin to address these issues is to look for the geodesic (most efficient) pathways through the potential surfaces of candidate systems. Although roaming manifests itself in an unusual behavior at asymptotic geometries, we found in the case of formaldehyde dissociation that it was the pathways traversing the parts of the potential surface corresponding to highly vibrationally excited reactants that were the most revealing. An examination of the geodesics for roaming pathways in this region finds that they are much less tightly defined than the geodesics in that same region that lead directly to dissociation (whether into closed-shell products or into radical products). Thus, the broader set of options available to the roaming channel gives it an entropic advantage over more conventional reaction channels. These observations suggest that what leads to roaming in other systems may be less the presence of a localized "roaming transition state," than the existence of an entire region of the potential surface conducive to multiple equivalent pathways.
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis as an Indicator of Genotoxic Exposure

Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS),(1) nonsemiconservative repair of damage to DNA, has been shown to occur over the entire genome.(2-4) The process was first revealed by autoradiography when UV irradiation was shown to induce the uptake of labeled thymidine into non-S-phase cells.(5,6) At least three steps are required: adduct formation; excision of the adducts; and DNA-strand polymerization and ligation (Figure 1).(7)
Discovery of Social Beliefs About Ethnic Structure from Survey Data

This paper introduces a new approach to discovering and exploring society-wide social beliefs about ethnic structure. Rooted in computational text analysis, it combines the strengths of both qualitative and survey-based approaches to the study of ethnicity. I use a structural topic modeling approach (Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2016) to uncover general patterns in found in open-ended questions about ethnic groups. I then predict which patterns of responses tend to be associated with which ethnic groups, and use information about survey respondents to explore heterogeneity in social beliefs. To illustrate the method at work, I use original survey data from Malaysia, collected in 2017, to understand social beliefs about Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Arab ethnic groups in Malaysia.
Radiological Environmental Protection for LCLS-II High Power Operation

The LCLS-II superconducting electron accelerator at SLAC plans to operate at up to 4 GeV and 240 kW average power, which would create higher radiological impacts particularly near the beam loss points such as beam dumps and halo collimators. The main hazards to the public and environment include direct or skyshine radiation, effluent of radioactive air such as 13 N, 15 O and 41 Ar, and activation of groundwater creating tritium. These hazards were evaluated using analytic methods and FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The controls (mainly extensive bulk shielding and local shielding around high loss points) and monitoring (neutron/photon detectors with detection capabilities below natural background at site boundary, site-wide radioactive air monitors, and groundwater wells) were designed to meet the U.S. DOE and EPA, as well as SLAC requirements. The radiological design and controls for the LCW systems [including concrete housing shielding for 15 O and 11 C circulating in LCW, 7 Be and erosion/corrosion products (22 Na, 54 Mn, 60 Co, 65 Zn, etc.) captured in resin and filters, leak detection and containment of LCW with 3 H and its waste water discharge; explosion from H2 build-up in surge tank and release of radionuclides] associated with the high power beam dumps are also presented.
Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits trigeminal nociception in a rodent model of episodic migraine.

Introduction Although neck muscle tension is considered a risk factor for migraine, pungent odors can act as a trigger to initiate an attack in sensitized individuals. Although noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) is now an approved treatment for chronic migraine, how it functions to inhibit trigeminal nociception in an episodic migraine model is not known. Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine if nVNS could inhibit trigeminal nociception in a novel model of episodic migraine and investigate changes in the expression of proteins implicated in peripheral and central sensitization. Methods Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with an inflammatory agent in the trapezius muscle before exposure to pungent volatile compounds, which was used to initiate trigeminal nociceptor activation. The vagus nerve was stimulated transdermally by a 1-ms pulse of 5 kHz sine waves, repeated at 25 Hz for 2 minutes. Nocifensive head withdrawal response to von Frey filaments was determined and immunoreactive protein levels in the spinal cord and trigeminal ganglion (TG) were investigated. Results Exposure to the pungent odor significantly increased the number of nocifensive withdrawals in response to mechanical stimulation of sensitized TG neurons mediated by neck muscle inflammation. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation inhibited nociception and repressed elevated levels of P-ERK in TG, Iba1 in microglia, and GFAP in astrocytes from sensitized animals exposed to the pungent odor. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that nVNS inhibits mechanical nociception and represses expression of proteins associated with peripheral and central sensitization of trigeminal neurons in a novel rodent model of episodic migraine.
Preference Modeling for Government-Owned Large-Scale Complex Engineered Systems: A Satellite Case Study

The design of large-scale complex engineered systems (LSCES) has been shown to be a distributed decision-making problem involving hundreds or thousands of designers making decisions at different levels of an organizational hierarchy. Traditional systems engineering (SE) approaches use requirements to communicate the preference(s) of stakeholders to drive the decisions of the designers. Requirements, which act as proxies for actual preferences, only state what is not desired of the system rather than what is wanted. This leads to a lack of consistency in the communication of preferences across the subsystems (and even organizations) involved. Also, the current requirements-based SE approaches do not offer any system-level guidance in choosing the best among feasible design alternatives, where all the designs that satisfy requirements are treated equally. Value-driven design (VDD), an alternative SE approach, offers a new perspective on complex system design and emphasizes the importance of capturing true preferences of stakeholders using a meaningful decomposable value function. The formulation of an all-encompassing value function has been proven to be a very tedious process involving a huge overhead, as it requires understanding of the inherent design trades in the system. Past researchers have focused in detail on formulating value functions for commercial endeavors. The primary focus of this paper is to investigate how the formulation of value functions can be approached in a methodical manner using a data-based approach, specifically for a government-based agency (e.g., NASA). More specifically, this paper focuses on formulating a value function for a space telescope mission by identifying and analyzing different aspects involved in capturing preferences.
Optimization and energy management of a standalone hybrid microgrid in the presence of battery storage system

Abstract In this study, an optimal energy scheduling of a standalone microgrid under system uncertainties is investigated and several operational strategies are tested to evaluate the system performance. The main objective of the proposed optimization energy management system is to improve energy utilization efficiency, decrease system fuel cost and gas emissions reduction by planning generations of energy resources hourly for the next day. The system is modeled as a constrained single-objective optimization problem in order to minimize the operation and generated emission costs. Employing an advanced dynamic programming method, the optimization problem is solved. In order to achieve optimal utilization of renewable resources in a microgrid environment and system cost-effective operations, the effectiveness of a battery storage unit has to be examined. Two different operational policies are investigated to examine the system behavior, where the energy production of a microgrid is supplied by generation units with and without access to a battery storage system. The obtained results show a considerable reduction in system total cost and produced emissions when the MG has access to battery storage system in the proposed second policy. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique in microgrid energy planning and implementation.
Emerging Molecular Approaches in the Analysis of Urine in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

Due to the potential for disease recurrence, patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma require long-term follow-up that is clinically invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. Periodic evaluation using cystoscopy to visually scan the bladder and to biopsy any suspicious areas is often coupled with cytologic analysis by voided urine or wash. However, cytology alone is not sensitive enough to be used in isolation and existing tests have a number of limitations. Urine cytology and existing urine biomarkers are covered in detail in Chap. 8. However, given the extensive molecular characterization of bladder cancer that is ongoing, there are a number of emerging molecular targets that are undergoing testing in urine specimens. In this chapter, we will review these novel targets and early preliminary data suggesting their utility.
Self-limited biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering in epikarst soils

Tree roots have biogeomorphic engineering effects on epikarst weathering and soil deepening. This is investigated using a system model describing the interactions among biogeomorphic effects of roo...
The practice of parodying: YouTube as a hybrid field of cultural production:

Parody is so pervasive in participatory culture that it is described as a central component of Internet vernacular. Valuable insight has accumulated about parodies as artifacts, however, little is known about their creators. Drawing on the sociology of culture, this article explores YouTube music video parodies as a field of cultural production. Through interviews with 22 YouTubers recruited from a sample of top-ranked parodies, it examines the relationship between practitioner characteristics and their evaluation of parody. Contrary to other studies of participatory culture, the field was predominantly male in its participation and norms. It presented a divide between ‘strategic’ and ‘passionate’ practitioners who used parody to different ends. Nevertheless, interviewees valued similar attributes of parody, often diverging from scholarly definitions of the genre as critical commentary. This dynamic and the genre’s popularity are explained by the hybrid qualities of the field, which encourage diverse uses...
Dizziness and Syncope

Upon completion of the chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Describe the mechanisms that give rise to symptoms of dizziness and syncope among older adults. 2. Create a differential diagnosis for etiologies of dizziness and syncope in older adults utilizing key historical and physical examination data to create a differential diagnosis. 3. Identify and describe the prognosis and treatment of the common causes of dizziness and syncope in the elderly.
Improving laboratory monitoring of medications: an economic analysis alongside a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE To test the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of interventions aimed at enhancing laboratory monitoring of medication. STUDY DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS Patients of a not-for-profit, group-model HMO were randomized to 1 of 4 interventions: an electronic medical record reminder to the clinician, an automated voice message to patients, pharmacy-led outreach, or usual care. Patients were followed for 25 days to determine completion of all recommended baseline laboratory monitoring tests. We measured the rate of laboratory test completion and the cost-effectiveness of each intervention. Direct medical care costs to the HMO (repeated testing, extra visits, and intervention costs) were determined using trial data and a mix of other data sources. RESULTS The average cost of patient contact was $5.45 in the pharmacy-led intervention, $7.00 in the electronic reminder intervention, and $4.64 in the automated voice message reminder intervention. The electronic medical record intervention was more costly and less effective than other methods. The automated voice message intervention had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $47 per additional completed case, and the pharmacy intervention had an ICER of $64 per additional completed case. CONCLUSIONS Using the data available to compare strategies to enhance baseline monitoring, direct clinician messaging was not an efficient use of resources. Depending on a decision maker's willingness to pay, automated voice messaging and pharmacy-led efforts can be efficient choices to prompt therapeutic baseline monitoring, but direct clinician messaging is probably a less efficient use of resources.
The Random Restriction Technique

Oracle construction is a major tool for studying questions about complexity classes. Suppose we find an oracle relative to which a complexity-theoretic property Q holds and another oracle relative to which Q does not hold. Then we can conclude that settling the question of whether Q holds without assumption is very tough, in the sense that proof techniques that can be relativized, such as those based on Turing-machine computation, cannot on their own successfully resolve whether Q holds.
Das Lehr-Lern-Konzept ‚Lernen am Unterschied‘ in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung

Die Autorin stellt das Lehr-Lern-Konzept „Lernen am Unterschied“ vor, das dem Masterstudiengang Bildungsmanagement an der Padagogischen Hochschule in Ludwigsburg zugrunde liegt. Der berufsbegleitende Studiengang ermoglicht Teilnehmenden aus unterschiedlichen Bildungsbereichen (Erwachsenenbildung, Schule und Wirtschaft) gemeinsam Fuhrungskompetenzen im Bereich Bildungsmanagement zu entwickeln. Das Angebot untergliedert sich in Prasenzphasen, Selbstlern-/Transferphasen und Praxisphasen. Die methodische Konzeption des Studiengangs zielt auf die Optimierung von Handlungskompetenzen, wobei die Ebenen der Kompetenzentwicklung drei Dimensionen umfassen: (1.) Kompetenzentwicklung durch Austausch in methodisch entwickelter und durch Dozenten gestalteter Lernumgebung, (2.) Kompetenzentwicklung durch den Austausch im informellen Umfeld und (3.) Kompetenzentwicklung im Umfeld der beruflichen Praxis.
An Introduction to Linear Predictability Analysis

This chapter introduces some basic notions of climate predictability. The tools used are those from linear stochastic processes. As an application, we analyze simulations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation.
Carotid Body Tumors

The earliest publications on the subject of carotid body tumors were those of Marchand (1891), Paltauf (1892), Kretschmar (1893), Kopfstein (1895), von Heinleth (1900), Monckeberg (1905), and Kaufmann and Ruppanner (1905). The paper by Marchand cites the first instance of a carotid body tumor resection performed unsuccessfully by Riegner in 1880. The first successful removel was that carried out by Maydl in 1886. Ligation of the common carotid artery in this case was fatal, heralding the operative mortality that was to accompany surgery of these lesions for the next 50 years. Paltauf (1892) next reported 4 cases of which only 1 tumor was removed without sacrifice of the carotid vessels. Kretschmar (1893) was the first to report metastasis to a regional lymph node. Kopfstein (1895) established the correct diagnosis preoperatively.
Polyphenol content, anti-lipase and antioxidant activity of teas made in Georgia

Abstract Anti-lipase and antioxidant activities of 5 types of tea produced by Ltd “Geoplant”, Georgia, were studied. Traditional Green and Jasmine Blossom revealed the highest antioxidant activity – 2.35 and 2.32 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per mL of tea infusion made according to the usual method used by consumers. Intermediate antioxidant activity was found for black tea – 1.24 mg of AAE per mL of tea infusion. Black tea with fruits had 0.53 mg of AAE per mL of tea infusion. Alpine Berry infusion had the least antioxidant activity – 0.35 mg of AAE per mL of tea infusion. Antioxidant activities of teas were in correlation with total polyphenol contents in tea infusions with R2 = 0.81. Green traditional and black tea showed the highest level of lipase inhibition, i.e. 70.6% and 70.3% per mL (11.7% per mg dry matter) of infusion. The values were not statistically significantly different (p
Sulcal SAH in patients with infective endocarditis: A predictive imaging finding for perioperative neurologic complications? (P1.230)

Objective: To compare neurological outcome of early and delayed valve surgery in infective endocarditis (IE) and to identify pre-surgical imaging characteristics that were associated with perioperative neurological complications. Background: Surgical valve repair is often delayed for IE patients with stroke. Optimal timing of surgical intervention for IE with stroke remains controversial. Design/Methods: We reviewed 228 patients with acute IE diagnosed by modified Duke’s Criteria who underwent cerebral angiogram (CA) between January 2010 – December 2016. Patients without pre-surgical CT and MRI were excluded. Date of IE diagnosis was defined as date of antibiotic initiation. Early surgery was defined as valve replacement ≤14 days from date of diagnosis, delayed as >14 days. Peri-operative neurological complication is any new clinical or radiologic diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and seizure. Results: 148 underwent valve surgery. 69 patients (46.6%) had early surgery at median 9 days after IE diagnosis, and 79 patients (53.4%) had delayed surgery at median 28 days. On pre-surgical imaging, rates of acute to subacute ischemic stroke were comparable between the early and delayed surgery groups. However, 22.8% of patients (n=18) in the delayed group had evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) compared to 10.1 % of in the early group (p=0.04). Despite this finding, rates of perioperative neurological complications were comparable. Overall, 15 surgical patients (10.1%) had perioperative neurological complications. 33.3% of patients who had a perioperative neurological complication had evidence of SAH on pre-surgical imaging compared to 14.6% of patients who did not develop perioperative neurological complications (p=0.012). In the group of patients with complications, SAH found prior to surgery were sulcal, and 3 cases of SAH were associated with presence of infectious intracranial aneurysm found on pre-surgical CA. Conclusions: In IE patients with stroke, presence of sulcal SAH on pre-surgical imaging is associated with perioperative neurological complications irrespective of surgical timing. Disclosure: Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rice has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khoury has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uchino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wisco has nothing to disclose.
Mission to Planet Markle: Problem-Based Learning for Teaching Elementary Students Difficult Content and Practices

Young children can struggle to learn difficult disciplinary content and important skills for practicing science. Problem-based learning (PBL) may be useful for addressing such difficulties, yet evidence to support its usefulness in elementary school-aged children is limited. We considered the role of a PBL unit in improving students’ genetics content understanding and their skills specific to creating arguments with coordinated claims, evidence, and reasoning. First- through fifth-grade students participated in a 6-week PBL unit about evolution and genetics. Students worked in mixed-age groups and were charged with illustrating a fictitious alien species, called markles, based on a series of facts they collected about factors expected to impact markle adaptation. This work was particularly unique in its assessment of student groups’ illustrated design solutions as arguments. Although students demonstrated weaknesses in coordinating claims and evidence overall, they were able to demonstrate success in gaining difficult genetics content knowledge and in preparing arguments with, at minimum, two components of well-constructed arguments, in most cases, providing a claim supported by reasoning. This work is informative for understanding student abilities, the potential of PBL, and considerations for its use.
Earner Status, Marital Satisfaction, and Division of Childcare among Mexican American and Caucasian Couples

This study explores marital satisfaction, division of child tasks, and satisfaction with the division of childcare outcomes among low-income Caucasian and Mexican American (MA) couples with young c...
Continuous Process Improvement in the Manufacture of Carfilzomib, Part 2: An Improved Process for Synthesis of the Epoxyketone Warhead

The development and kilogram-scale demonstration of an improved process for the synthesis of the epoxyketone warhead of carfilzomib is described. Critical to the success of this process was: (1) de...
Multirobot Routing Algorithms for Robots Operating in Vineyards

We consider the problem of multirobot routing in vineyards, a task motivated by our ongoing project aiming at creating a corobotic system to implement precision irrigation on large-scale commercial vineyards. The problem is related to a combinatorial optimization problem on graphs called “team orienteering.” Team orienteering is known to be NP-hard, thus motivating the development of heuristic solutions that can scale to large problem instances. We propose three different parameter-free approaches informed by the domain we consider and compare them against a general purpose heuristic developed previously. In numerous benchmarks derived from data gathered in a commercial vineyard, we demonstrate that our solutions outperform the general purpose heuristic and are scalable, thus allowing us to solve instances with tens of thousands of vertices in the graphs. Note to Practitioners —Routing problems with budget and motion constraints are pervasive to many applications. In particular, the structural constraints considered in this problem are found not only in agricultural environments but also in warehouse logistics and other domains where goods are arranged along regular linear structures. This article proposes and analyzes algorithms that can be applied when multiple agents must be coordinated in these environments. In particular, by utilizing domain-specific knowledge, the solutions proposed in this article outperform general purpose approaches that poorly scale with the size of the environment. The algorithms we present also ensure that no collisions occur between robots—an aspect normally neglected in algorithms previously proposed to solve the team orienteering problem.
Body image satisfaction and loneliness among young adult and older adult age cohorts.

Abstract Background Lower body image satisfaction has been linked with greater loneliness among young adults, but this relationship has not been investigated among older adults. Objective The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between body image and loneliness among young and older adult age cohorts as well as explore stigma consciousness as a mediator between body image dissatisfaction and loneliness among older adults. Methods Participants consisting of 459 young adults and 353 older adults over the age of 59 completed a cross-sectional survey regarding health and perceptions of aging from fall 2017 through spring 2018. Results Young adults had lower levels of body image satisfaction and higher levels of loneliness in comparison to older adults. The relationship between loneliness and body image satisfaction was stronger among young adults when compared to older adults. Among older adults, stigma consciousness mediated the relationship between body image satisfaction and loneliness. Conclusion Older adults lower in body image satisfaction may be more conscious of age-based stigmas and thereby have greater loneliness.
Survivorship after COVID-19 ICU stay.

Prior studies of patient survivorship after an intensive care unit (ICU) stay suggest that many critically ill patients with COVID-19 will face long-lasting physical, cognitive and/or mental health impairments. This anticipated survivorship experience highlights the importance of collaboration between the fields of critical care and rehabilitation to optimize post-COVID-19 recovery. Many critically ill patients with COVID-19 are expected to face long-lasting physical, cognitive and/or mental health impairments. Here, the authors discuss the role of critical care and rehabilitation in improving recovery.
Pointless grading and digital content delivery as educational differentiators: A case study for noise and vibration courses

University professors need to be content delivery specialists to compete for students’ attention with lots of other content in the digital world. In addition, grading systems, although necessary for student evaluation, are a constant barrier between faculty and student interaction. This paper presents non-traditional ways to deliver content to students and evaluate students, in an effort to break down artificial barriers between faculty and students. The case study involves two courses at Michigan Technological University: Acoustics and Noise Control, and Shock and Vibration. Traffic light grading is discussed as a way to move away from point-based evaluation systems. Coupled with student-led exam debrief sessions, student investment in the new grading system has been high. Flipped classroom examples will also be discussed as a content delivery strategy, allowing more person-to-person interaction during classroom hours. This paper will share teaching strategies through examples of successes and failures of these strategies in teaching noise and vibration courses.
Abstract 302: First of It's Kind Capillary Refill Monitoring Device to Guide Resuscitation

Background: Capillary refill is an early reflection of decreased end organ perfusion resulting in shunt of blood from the extremities to vital organs. Physicians rate this as the most important fac...
Rethinking English Studies in India

The teaching of English literature with contrived aims and objectives has become a cultural-educational reality in India. The reasons for its introduction as a colonial project and its sustenance and maintenance now in postcolonial India as an academic discipline in its own right should be different, or else the academics will be accused of perpetuating the colonial mindset among free citizens. Aims and methods of teaching English literature need to be interrogated with the changing times and needs though such an interrogation might inevitably entail self-criticism on the part of English literature teachers who very often assume to be qualified as purveyors of literary epistemology without any formal and professional training. This paper aims at analyzing the aims and objective of English literary education in India, scrutinizing its pedagogical practices, and integrating literary theories with literary studies as a means of achieving the (mis)stated goals.
Sub-City Scale Hourly Air Quality Forecasting by Combining Models, Satellite Observations, and Ground Measurements

While multiple information sources exist concerning surface-level air pollution, no individual source simultaneously provides large-scale spatial coverage, fine spatial and temporal resolution, and high accuracy. It is, therefore, necessary to integrate multiple data sources, using the strengths of each source to compensate for the weaknesses of others. In this study, we propose a method incorporating outputs of NASA's GEOS Composition Forecasting model system with satellite information from the TROPOMI instrument and ground measurement data on surface concentrations. Although we use ground monitoring data from the Environmental Protection Agency network in the continental United States, the model and satellite data sources used have the potential to allow for global application. This method is demonstrated using surface measurements of nitrogen dioxide as a test case in regions surrounding five major US cities. The proposed method is assessed through cross-validation against withheld ground monitoring sites. In these assessments, the proposed method demonstrates major improvements over two baseline approaches which use ground-based measurements only. Results also indicate the potential for near-term updating of forecasts based on recent ground measurements.
UGV-Based Mapping of Forest Transmissivity Using GPS Measurements

This paper presents a practical technique to estimate canopy transmissivity at multiple locations using two sets of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. One receiver is mounted on unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) that traverses on forest floor while another identical receiver is located on a tripod that provides a reference data in an open area. One-way transmissivity at various elevation angles and locations are obtained by taking the logarithmic difference between measurements (GPS carrier-to-noise density ratio C/N 0 ) under canopy and open area under the assumption of negligible multipath. We carried out several experiments in early 2020 to test the multipath assumption where we ignore the multiple scattering involving ground reflections under forest canopy. The preliminary results indicate indeed this is the case, leading to the fact that the UGV-based GPS receiver collects mainly attenuated and scattered signal withing the vegetation. The approach can be utilized for quantification of vegetation water content that is needed for large scale spaceborne soil moisture calibration validation efforts.
Position-Dependent Growth Control and Pattern Formation in Limb Regeneration

Results from experimental studies in regenerating and developing amphibian limbs have led us to conclude that growth and pattern formation are coordinately controlled (French et al., 1976; Bryant et al., 1981; Bryant et al., 1987). This conclusion is based on two propositions: (1) cells possess information about their position in the limb (i.e. cells have positional values); and (2) whenever discontinuities exist in the array of positional values, interactions between adjacent cells with different positional values will result in the stimulation of growth and in the intercalation of appropriate intervening positional values. Consequently, growth will cease when all positional disparities have been resolved. As we discuss below, cellular interactions resulting in the stimulation of growth can occur during normal development as a result of cell rearrangements within the limb field, during regeneration as a result of cell migration associated with wound healing, or in experimental situations as a result of grafting to bring cells with disparate positional properties (e.g. anterior and posterior) into contact. Hence, this view can account for the initiation, maintenance and termination of limb growth and patterning during normal development, after amputation, as well as after a variety of experimental manipulations.
Mary Black's Family Quilts: Memory and Meaning in Everyday Life

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Laurel Horton Year: 2005 Pages: 216 Publisher: University of South Carolina Press ISBN: 1570036098 (hard cover). Prices: $19.95 US(hard cover).
Imaging–histologic discordance at percutaneous breast biopsy

BACKGROUND. The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of imaging-histologic discordance at percutaneous breast biopsy and to assess the likelihood of carcinoma in these discordant lesions. METHODS. Percutaneous imaging guided breast biopsy was performed on 1785 consecutive lesions during a 7-year period under stereotactic (n = 1205) or sonographic (n = 580) guidance, using an automated needle (n = 1044) or directional vacuum-assisted probe (n = 741). Lesions were prospectively classified according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) as Category 3 (probably benign), Category 4 (suspicious), or Category 5 (highly suggestive of malignancy). Imaging-histologic discordance was considered to have occurred when the percutaneous biopsy histology did not provide a sufficient explanation for the imaging features; in such cases, repeat biopsy was recommended. Medical records, imaging studies, and histologic findings were reviewed. RESULTS. Imaging-histologic discordance was present in 56 of 1785 (3.1%) lesions. The frequency of discordance was significantly higher in our first 2 years of experience with percutaneous biopsy than in later years (18 of 361 = 5.0% vs. 38 of 1424 = 2.7%; P < 0.04) and was significantly higher for lesions that were BI-RADS Category 5 rather than BI-RADS Category 4 (20 of 416 = 4.8% vs. 36 of 1366 = 2.6%; P < 0.04). The frequency of discordance was significantly lower with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted probe than other devices for calcifications (7 of 414 = 1.7% vs. 16 of 251 = 6.8%; P = 0.001) but not for masses (6 of 161 = 3.7% vs. 26 of 959 = 2.7%; P = 0.44). Repeat biopsy, performed in 45 discordant lesions revealed carcinoma in 11 (24.4%; 95% confidence intervals, 12.9-39.5%). The frequency of carcinoma was significantly higher among discordant BI-RADS Category 5 than discordant BI-RADS Category 4 lesions (7 of 16 = 43.8% vs. 4 of 29 = 13.7%; P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS. Imaging-histologic discordance occurred in 3.1% of lesions that had percutaneous breast biopsy. Imaging-histologic discordance was an indication for surgical excision because of the high (24.4%) prevalence of carcinoma in these lesions.
Band-adaptive formant frequency estimation from noisy speech in correlation domain

A study was conducted to estimate formant frequencies accurately under a severe noisy condition. A band-limited repeated autocorrelation function (RACF) was introduced of the observed noisy speech to overcome the adverse impact of noise. It was shown that the RACF was pole-preserving and capable of reducing the effect of noise significantly. A band-adaptive filter-bank was employed on a zero lag compensated ACF to separate each formant frequency region before the formant estimation. Autocorrelation operation was repeated on each of the resulting band-limited ACFs and a spectral peak picking method was employed to each of the band-limited RACFs to extract formant frequencies. The proposed algorithm was tested on synthetic and natural speech signals in the presence of noise.
Rescue GPi-DBS for a Stroke-associated Hemiballism in a Patient with STN-DBS.

Background: Hemiballism/hemichorea commonly occurs as a result of a lesion in the subthalamic region. Case Report: A 38‐year‐old male with Parkinson’s disease developed intractable hemiballism in his left extremities due to a small lesion that was located adjacent to the right deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead, 10 months after bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN)‐DBS placement. He underwent a right globus pallidus internus (GPi)‐DBS lead implantation. GPi‐DBS satisfactorily addressed his hemiballism. Discussion: This case offered a unique look at basal ganglia physiology in human hemiballism. GPi‐DBS is a reasonable therapeutic option for the treatment of medication refractory hemiballism in the setting of Parkinson’s disease.
Identification of human reduced folate carrier (hRFC) substrate binding sites by site-directed mutagenesis and affinity labeling strategies

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 5731 The human reduced folate carrier (hRFC) is the major membrane transport system for reduced folate cofactors and antifolates such as methotrexate (MTX) and pemetrexed in human normal tissues and tumors. hRFC is a member of the “Major Facilitator Superfamily” of transporters and is characterized by 12 transmembrane domains (TMDs). Recent studies used cysteine scanning mutagenesis and accessibility methods to identify amino acids located in TMDs 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 as important structural or functional components of the putative hydrophilic cavity for binding of anionic folate substrates (J Biol Chem 281:33588, 2006). Affinity labeling with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-MTX localized binding of the substrate carboxyl group(s) to residues in TMD11. A number of amino acids were identified from our cysteine scanning mutants as functionally important including Arg133 and Tyr136 (TMD4), Tyr281 (TMD7), and Arg373 (TMD10). A number of nucleophilic amino acids in TMD11 (e.g., Asn403, Thr408, Thr412) were identified as potential targets for NHS-MTX covalent modification. To further investigate the functional roles of these amino acids, each was mutated to conserved and non-conserved amino acids based on bulk volume and charge. Mutant constructs were transfected into hRFC-null HeLa (R5) cells and assayed for uptake with radioactive MTX. With minor exceptions (e.g., Lys411), non-conservative substitutions abolished transport, whereas conservative substitutions (e.g., Lys for Arg133 or 373; Phe for Tyr136 or 281) did not abolish transport. By alanine/valine-scanning mutagenesis of 7 nucleophilic amino acids in TMD11, transport was variously preserved (60 to 100%). For wild type hRFC and 6 mutants (C396V, N403A, T404A, T408V, T412A, T415A) in TMD11, NHS-MTX treatment inhibited transport activity. Conversely, K411A-hRFC was unaffected by NHS-MTX treatment, suggesting position 411 is the probable target for covalent modification by NHS-MTX. To further characterize binding of the substrate carboxyl groups, we used a series of classic diamino furo[2,3-d] pyrimidine analogs with substituted carboxyl groups as inhibitors of uptake of radioactive MTX. Interestingly, analogs with a single gamma carboxyl but no alpha carboxyl groups, or no carboxyl groups at all, did not bind to wild type hRFC in this assay. However, analogs with only a single alpha carboxyl group were potent inhibitors. Collectively, our results identify critical determinants for substrate binding to hRFC. Identification of amino acids that comprise the substrate binding site and translocation pathway is essential to the design of new antifolate inhibitors that rely on hRFC for cellular entry or with substantially enhanced transport over hRFC, and the development of therapeutic strategies for biochemically modulating transporter activity.
The Capital Market Before 1600

This paper describes the evolution of long-term debt and equity finance in medieval and early modern Europe. The main issuers of long-term debt were landowners and municipalities. The paper discusses the evolution of debt secured by land and the use by municipal borrowers of annuities and "funded debt" (securitization). The paper then describes the various forms of equity finance and how they addressed the corporate governance problem.
High-level grid execution patterns

The Grid community under the auspices of the Global Grid Forum is moving in the direction towards standardizing the Grid architecture. However, the Grid standardization is an incremental process subject to continuous refactoring. Although such enhancements in the Grid architecture will ultimately prove beneficial for the entire Grid community, it imposes an undue overhead on the application developers to continuously keep abreast with these changes. Motivated by the need to provide an application development framework that shields the Grid users and application developers from the technological complexities of the Grid implementation, we present a suite of abstraction-based Grid execution patterns. Applications using our framework can concentrate on their objectives while being compatible with the latest Grid technologies.
Crk and CrkL are required for cell transformation by v‐fos and v‐ras

Crk and CrkL are SH2- and SH3-containing cytosolic adaptor proteins that can induce anchorage-independent growth of fibroblasts. Crk and CrkL play key roles in maintaining cytoskeletal integrity, cell motility and migration. We investigated the role of these two proteins in oncogenic transformation induced by v-fos and v-ras oncogenes using cell lines and fibroblasts carrying conditional alleles of Crk or CrkL. Transformation was assessed by cell morphology, saturation density and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. We found that cell lines expressing v-fos or v-ras in the absence of Crk or CrkL displayed no evident morphological alterations and reduced anchorage-independent growth compared to those retaining Crk and CrkL. Similarly, overexpression of v-fos in mouse embryonic fibroblasts conferred a growth advantage and induced morphological changes, both of which were abrogated in the absence of either Crk or CrkL. In contrast, Crk, but not CrkL, contributed to v-ras-induced transformation of embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest that both Crk and CrkL are required for the acquisition of cellular transformation by v-fos, whereas Crk plays a more prominent role than CrkL in v-ras-induced transformation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.