cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen flux in symbiotic and nonsymbiotic medusae1

Symbiotic Mastigias from Eil Malk Jellyfish Lake and Palau lagoon take up and retain ammonium during both day and night. Uptake is due to symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae). Nitrate is not taken up, and is barely detectable in the environment. Nonsymbiotic Aurelia in the same lake excrete rather than take up ammonium. Mastigias migrates vertically repeatedly at night, periodically visiting the nutrient-rich chemocline at about 15 m where, together with that taken up at ambient concentrations, the animals may take up enough ammonium to satisfy the total daily nitrogen requirement of their symbiotic algae. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that repeated vertical migration by Mastigias is a behavioral adaptation in the animal that facilitates nutrient acquisition by its algal symbionts.
A review of absorbing boundary conditions for two and three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems

The derivation of two- and three-dimensional absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) for mesh truncation in the partial differential equation solution of electromagnetic scattering problems is briefly reviewed. The approximate 2-D ABC is compared with its exact counterpart and ways are suggested by which the ABCs can be improved. A direct application of the Wilcox expansion to the mesh truncation problem that bypasses the ABC altogether is discussed. The question of using a conformal (as opposed to cylindrical) outer boundary is addressed, and the ABC for this geometry is derived for 2-D scattering and guided wave problems. >
Intratracheal Surfactant Administration Preserves Airway Compliance During Lung Reperfusion

Abstract Background . Decreased airway compliance after lung transplantation has been observed with severe ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further, it has been shown that the surfactant system is impaired after lung preservation and reperfusion. We hypothesized that surfactant replacement after allograft storage could preserve airway compliance during reperfusion. Methods . Rabbit lungs were harvested after flush with 50 mL/kg of cold saline solution. Immediate control lungs were studied with an isolated ventilation/perfusion apparatus using venous rabbit blood recirculated at 40 mL/min, room-air ventilation at 20 breaths/min, and constant airway pressure (n = 8). Twenty-four-hour control lungs were preserved at 4°C for 24 hours and then similarly studied (n = 7). Surfactant lungs underwent similar harvest and preservation for 24 hours, but received 1.5 mL/kg of intratracheal surfactant 5 minutes before reperfusion (n = 10). Airway pressure and flow were recorded continuously during 30 minutes of reperfusion. Tidal volume and airway compliance were calculated at 30 minutes. Results . Tidal volume was 33.67 ± 0.57, 15.75 ± 5.72, and 29.83 ± 1.07 mL in the immediate control, 24-hour control, and surfactant groups, respectively ( p = 0.004, surfactant versus 24-hour control). Airway compliance was 1.94 ± 0.27, 0.70 ± 0.09, and 1.46 ± 0.10 mL/mm Hg in the immediate control, 24-hour control, and surfactant groups, respectively ( p = 0.002, surfactant versus 24-hour control). Conclusions . We conclude that surfactant administration before reperfusion after 24 hours of cold storage preserves tidal volume and airway compliance in the isolated ventilated/perfused rabbit model of lung reperfusion injury.
Upregulation of the KIAA1199 gene is associated with cellular mortality

The microcell-mediated transfer of a normal human chromosome 3 induces replicative senescence in otherwise immortal renal cell carcinoma cells. To identify the genes involved in the chromosome 3-induced cellular mortality, we previously performed a cDNA subtraction experiment using the immortal renal cell carcinoma cells (RCC23) and the mortal counterpart with the transferred chromosome 3 (RCC23+3). We here report the cDNA cloning and characterization of one of the differentially expressed genes, which encodes KIAA1199 protein of unknown function. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed striking upregulation of KIAA1199 mRNA in mortal RCC23+3 compared with immortal RCC23. However, no significant change in KIAA1199 mRNA expression was observed during replicative aging in vitro (from early passage culture to senescent culture) of mortal human cells including RCC23+3, normal fibroblasts and prostate epithelial cells. Interestingly, an immortal fibroblast cell line and two breast cancer cell lines expressed much lower amounts of KIAA1199 mRNA than their normal counterparts. KIAA1199 mRNA is expressed in a wide range of normal human tissues, with the highest level of expression in brain. The gene is located on chromosome band 15q25, where a brain tumor suppressor gene has been mapped. These findings suggest that KIAA1199 gene may play a role in cellular mortality of normal human cells, which counters cell immortalization and carcinogenesis.
Temperatures required for eutectic freezing of natural waters

Abstract The eutectic freezing process separates aqueous solutions of inorganic salts into solid salt and fresh water. It is useful for treating cooling tower and boiler blowdown and the brine effluent from inland desalting plants. By freezing the water out of these aqueous solutions until they are adequately concentrated to precipitate the salt simultaneously, one ends up with no brine product. The ice and salt crystals nucleate and grow independently and are easily separated since the ice floats and the salt sinks. Laboratory investigation of the eutectic temperatures of various proportions of the ions commonly found in natural waters (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO 4 , HCO 3 ) shows that the process will operate well at temperatures no lower than −25°C.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatric heart failure

Abstract Heart failure is implicated in nearly 300,000 deaths annually, and is the leading cause of death or disability in adults in the United States [1,2]. Patients with heart failure often demonstrate mechanical dyssynchrony, characterized by dyskinetic ventricular contraction, regional myocardial hypokinesis, and perturbations in the natural ventricular geometry. Mechanical dyssynchrony may be associated with electrical dyssynchrony, an abnormal ventricular depolarization pattern, which is often accompanied by a bundle branch block on ECG. Such alterations in the normal contraction pattern of the left ventricle can lead to poor hemodynamics, altered ventricular function, and even changes in myocyte structure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy, which involves the individual pacing of the right atrium as well as both ventricles to provide a more physiologic atrio-ventricular (AV) delay and a more synchronous contraction of the left and right ventricles, re-establishes a more normal contraction pattern and has been shown to be an effective treatment for heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction in adults. In children, the role of cardiac resynchronization therapy is less well understood. Given the diverse etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy in children as well as the individual anatomic and physiologic considerations of patients with congenital heart disease, re-establishing physiologic synchrony and improving ventricular function are considerable challenges in pediatric cardiology. This manuscript describes the more recent exploration of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the pediatric population, with emphasis on its emerging use in patients with heart failure associated with congenital heart disease, including the situation of the single ventricle.
Pharmacokinetics of topically applied ophthalmic drugs

Pharmacokinetic applications in recent years have led to significant advances in systemic drug therapy, but applications to topical, ophthalmic therapy have been far less numerous. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of an administered drug. Thus, it includes the quantitation of such elements of drug bioavailability as tear dilution, drug binding, and vehicle effects; factors affecting corneal absorption and subsequent tissue distribution; dosage form effects; and pathways of elimination. These factors are important because they significantly influence the clinical responses to administered drugs, in some instances to a profound degree. These elements and their clinical implications are discussed along with some recent applications, exemplified with data from studies on frequently prescribed drugs.
Yeast silencers create domains of nuclease-resistant chromatin in an SIR4-dependent manner.

Previous analysis of the repression of the silent mating type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has linked the mechanism of silencing to the formation of a chromatin domain at the silenced loci. In this study, a TRP1 reporter gene was used to examine changes in chromatin structure in a neutral environment. This enabled the chromatin structure organized by yeast silencers to be compared directly with changes effected by the yeast α2 repressor. It was found that silencers mediate the formation of lengthy nuclease-resistant domains on the DNA, rather than specifically positioning nucleosomes over promoter regions as the α2 repressor does. Silencing at the TRP1 reporter gene closely resembled silencing at the HMR and HML loci. Repression of the test gene was optimal when two silencers flanking the reporter gene were used, mimicking the situation at the silent loci. In addition, both repression of the reporter gene and the formation of nuclease-resistant chromatin domains was SIR4 dependent.
Odor-modulated upwind flight of the sphinx moth, Manduca sexta L.

1. Male and female Manduca sexta flew upwind in response to the odor of female sex-pheromone gland extract or fresh tobacco leaf respectively, and generated very similar zigzagging tracks along the odor plume. 2. After loss of odor during flight, males and females alike: (1) first flew slower and steered their flight more across the wind, then (2) stopped moving upwind, and finally (3) regressed downwind. 3. Males flying upwind in a pheromone plume in wind of different velocities maintained their ground speed near a relatively constant ‘preferred’ value by increasing their air speed as the velocity of the wind increased, and also maintained the average angle of their resultant flight tracks with respect to the wind at a preferred value by steering a course more precisely due upwind. 4. The inter-turn duration and turn rate, two measures of the temporal aspects of the flight track, were maintained, on average, with remarkable consistency across all wind velocities and in both sexes. The inter-turn durations also decreased significantly as moths approached the odor source, suggesting modulation of the temporal pattern of turning by some feature of the odor plume. This temporal regularity of turning appears to be one of the most stereotyped features of odor-modulated flight in M. sexta.
On Approximating Max-stable Processes and Constructing Extremal Copula Functions

There is an infinite number of parameters in the definition of multivariate maxima of moving maxima (M4) processes, which poses challenges in statistical applications where workable models are preferred. This paper establishes sufficient conditions under which an M4 process with infinite number of parameters may be approximated by an M4 process with finite number of parameters. In statistical inferences, the paper focuses on a family of sectional multivariate extreme value copula (SMEVC) functions which is derived from the joint distribution functions of M4 processes. A new non-standard parameter estimation procedure is introduced, which is based on order statistics of ratios of (transformed) marginal unit Frechet random variables, and is shown via simulation to be more efficient than a semi-parametric estimation procedure. In real data analysis, empirical results show that SMEVCs are more flexible for modeling various dependence structures, and perform better than the widely used Gumbel-Hougaard copulas.
Polariton–biexciton transitions in a ZnSe-based microcavity

Abstract The optical third-order nonlinearity of a ZnSe-based microcavity is investigated by the pump-and-probe method. In the specially designed non-monolithic sample the biexciton binding energy exceeds all damping constants and the normal-mode splitting between exciton and cavity photon. For counter-circular polarized beams the nonlinear response exhibits strong oscillatory structures in the spectral vicinity of the polariton–biexciton transition. Comparison to model calculations shows that in this case the coherent nonlinearity is completely dominated by biexciton–exciton interactions beyond the Hartree–Fock approximation.
Defect Oriented Testing of Analog Circuits Using Wavelet Analysis of Dynamic Supply Current

In recent years, Defect Oriented Testing (DOT) has been investigated as an alternative testing method for analog circuits. In this paper, we propose a wavelet transform based dynamic supply current (IDD) analysis technique for detecting catastrophic and parametric faults in analog circuits. Wavelet transform has the property of resolving events in both time and frequency domain simultaneously unlike Fourier transform which decomposes a signal in frequency components only. Simulation results on benchmark circuits show that wavelet transform has higher fault detection sensitivity than Fourier or time-domain methods and hence, can be considered very promising for defect oriented testing of analog circuits. Effectiveness of wavelet transform based DOT amidst process variation and measurement noise is studied.
A comparison of homeless women and their intimate partners

In this study, we examine differences among 448 homeless women and their male partners in terms of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, risky sexual and drug-use behaviors, and childhood abuse and adult victimization. Findings reveal women scored significantly lower on mental health and self-esteem, and significantly higher on depression, anxiety, and hostility measures, than their intimate partners. Scores for the dyad were nevertheless indicative of poor mental health functioning. Homeless women and their intimate partners both reported low levels of injection drug-use (5% and 6%); higher percentages of both groups reported practicing unprotected sex (70% vs. 72%) and sex with multiple partners (26% vs. 23%). Homeless women were less likely to report non-injection drug use, but more likely to report childhood and adult sexual abuse, than their intimate partners. Implications for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) risk reduction and safety enhancement programs for the dyad are discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A pi form of glutathione-S-transferase is a myelin- and oligodendrocyte-associated enzyme in mouse brain.

: The pi form of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), previously found to be oligodendrocyte associated, has also been found in myelin. In the brains of adult mice, immunocytochemical staining for a pi form of GST was observed in myelinated fibers, as well as oligodendrocytes. In contrast, and as previously found in rats, positive immunostaining for mu forms occurred in astrocytes and not in oligodendrocytes or myelinated fibers. Double immunofluorescence staining strengthened the conclusion that pi was in oligodendrocytes and myelin in mouse brains. The results of enzyme assays performed on brain homogenates and purified myelin indicated that GST specific activities in mouse brain myelin were almost as high (0.8-fold) as those in mouse brain homogenates. Low, but reproducible, GST activities were also observed in myelin purified from rat brains, in which pi had been demonstrated in oligodendrocytes and mu in astrocytes. The pi form was also stained by the immunoblot technique in myelin purified from mouse brain. It was concluded that pi is a myelin associated, as well as oligodendrocyte associated, enzyme in mouse brain, and possibly also in rat brain. This is the first report of localization of GSTs in mouse brain and of GST in myelin.
How ecological science is portrayed in mass media

Improving science literacy in the general public has become increasingly important to ecologists. Although many scientists are involved in outreach, most of the public depends on mass media sources to learn about original scientific research. In this study, we explore how ecological findings are portrayed in the mass media. To do so, we survey media coverage of scientific articles published in the journal Ecology over the past decade. We find that relatively few scientific articles—less than 2% of the total published papers—receive any media coverage. Newspapers constitute the primary medium for ecological findings, followed closely by newswire, and distantly by newsletters, magazines, and online web publications; no ecological findings are reported in television or radio during the timeframe we examined. We also examine which components of scientific publications are covered in news stories, focusing on five categories: theory, methods, results, discussion, and background science not coming directly from the scientific paper. Considerable coverage in media stories (about one-fourth of media story content) focuses on the results of the paper; interestingly, just over a third of media story content covers discussion material, followed closely by theory at 17%. We conclude that although relatively few Ecology articles are covered in the mass media, those that are tend to focus on the implications of scientific research and on actual scientific findings. Finally, Ecology articles covered in mainstream media were not cited more or less frequently by scientists than those not covered in mainstream media. That is, journalists appear to feature an average spectrum of academic work, rather than articles that ultimately become most highly cited in the ecological field.
An experimental study of the unperturbed chain dimensions of poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene-siloxane)

Experimental values of the characteristic ratio of the unperturbed dimensions of poly (tetramethyl-p-silphenylene-siloxane) were obtained from intrinsic viscosities and osmotic pressures. It was found that the characteristic ratio of this polymer is 1.55±0.30 when the phenylene group is treated as a virtual bond, and 4.51±0.40 when the individual bonds in the phenylene group are taken into account separately. This value is unexpectedly low, considering the usual stiffening effect of the p-phenylene group. Apparently this group can also have a “buffering” effect which decreases stiffness, by reducing interactions among the atoms or groups preceding it and succeeding it along the chain backbone.
Infrasonic Observations of Open Ocean Swells in the Pacific: Deciphering the Song of the Sea

Ocean waves produced during severe marine weather may generate infrasonic signals in the 0.1–0.5 Hz frequency band. Theory suggests that the source mechanism for these infrasound signals, known as microbaroms, is the nonlinear interaction of ocean surface waves. Multiple swells coexisting at any given point are able to radiate infrasonic waves if the ocean-wave spectrum contains swell components that are almost opposite in direction and of a nearly identical frequency. Global ocean-wave spectra provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) Wavewatch 3 (WW3) model can be used to estimate the acoustic source pressure spectra induced by nonlinear ocean-wave interactions. Comparison of microbarom observations with surface weather, ocean-wave charts, and WW3-produced acoustic sources suggests that microbarom source regions occur in locations that contain opposing wave trains, instead of exclusively from regions of marine storminess.
Relation of enhanced Pb solubility to Fe partitioning in soils.

It is well documented that Pb solubility may be related to Fe chemistry in soils and enhanced Pb solubility may occur under certain reducing conditions; however, quantification of such relationships is unavailable. Based on metal classification, Pb (II) and Fe (II) are similar in some chemical characteristics. Thus, competition between Pb and Fe for ligands in soils may be important in determining Pb solubility. In this paper, Pb solubility was examined in a sandy soil after spiking with Pb and incubating for 40 days under water-flooded or non-water-flooded conditions. Solution chemistry in soil columns was adjusted using diAerent concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2 and deionized water of varying pH before incubation. The results showed that Pb solubility in the soil was not correlated well with pH, dissolved organic C or aqueous Fe concentrations. However, an index of Fe partition behavior using the ratio of aqueous Fe to sorbed Fe was related to Pb solubility. Enhanced Pb solubility occurred only when the index was < 2k g l ˇ1 . The index can be a simple measure of Fe’s ability to compete with Pb for ligands in solution. The ability of Fe to compete with Pb decreases as the index decreases and as the ratio approached its minimum, substantial increases in Pb solubility will be expected. In general, the index was not sensitive to changes in solution chemistry. A similar trend was observed using one data set published in the literature. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Calculating Casimir interactions for periodic surface-relief gratings using the C method

We develop a formalism to calculate the fluctuation-induced interactions in periodic systems. The formalism, which combines the scattering theory with the $C$ method borrowed from electromagnetic gratings studies, is suitable and efficient for the calculation of the Casimir forces involving surface-relief gratings. We apply the developed technique to obtain the energy and lateral force for simple one-dimensional sinusoidal gratings. Using this formalism, we derived known asymptotic expressions that were previously obtained through perturbative approximations. At close separation, our numerical results match those obtained by the proximity force approximation and its first correction using the derivative expansion.
Cover crop, rye residue and in-furrow treatment effects on thrips

Thrips and thrips damage to cotton and peanut plants were compared in plots with in-furrow treatments of aldicarb, phorate and diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer under two tillage regimes with a winter cover of crimson clover and under different levels of rye residue ground cover. Adult and larval thrips numbers were significantly lower in cotton plots following winter crimson clover cultivation compared with no-cover plots in all 3 years. Thrips numbers did not differ with respect to the in-furrow treatments in the clover plots, but in the no-cover plots, they were significantly higher in the untreated control and DAP treatments compared with the aldicarb treatment. Thrips damage was higher in the no-cover than the clover plots except in the aldicarb treatments. Within the cover crop plots, thrips damage was highest in the control and phorate treatments and similar in the DAP and aldicarb treatments. There was an inverse relationship between the amount of rye residue ground cover and thrips density and thrips damage in cotton and peanuts. There was also an inverse relationship between the density of rye residue and damage to peanuts from Bunyaviridae tospovirus. Cotton yield was reduced in the cover crop plots and was not measured in the rye residue and peanut plots. These results suggest that ground cover alone decreases thrips numbers and thrips damage in both cotton and peanuts and that a winter crimson clover cover and an in-furrow treatment of DAP enhanced plant protection from thrips in cotton.
Apparent low free magnesium levels in blue crab vas deferens determined by 31P NMR

Abstract 1. 1. 31P NMR examination of blue crab vas deferens reveals an α-β ATP chemical shift differences on average of 9.8 ppm. 2. 2. This implies a free magnesium concentration well below 100 μM. 3. 3. Thus crab vas deferens represents a new model for a low free magnesium system. 4. 4. These results also point to a feature of carcine metabolism not previously recognized.
Cobaltocenium‐Containing Block Copolymers: Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization, Self‐Assembly and Precursors for Template Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles

Side-chain cobaltocenium-containing block copolymers are prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). These block copolymers include one cobaltocenium-containing block, with the second block being either a nonmetal-containing segment or a cobaltocenium-containing segment with different counterions. These block copolymers are self-assembled into spherical core/shell micelles in solutions. A template strategy is used to prepare cobalt (II or III)-containing nanoparticles by treating the self-assembled micelles via UV/ozonolysis and pyrolysis. Characterization by X-ray photon spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicates that these nanoparticles consist of different oxidants of cobalt, depending on the chemical compositions of block copolymers.
O2‐sensitive K+ channels: role of the Kv1.2 α‐subunit in mediating the hypoxic response

One of the early events in O2 chemoreception is inhibition of O2-sensitive K+ (KO2) channels. Characterization of the molecular composition of the native KO2 channels in chemosensitive cells is important to understand the mechanism(s) that couple O2 to the KO2 channels. The rat phaeochromocytoma PC12 clonal cell line expresses an O2-sensitive voltage-dependent K+ channel similar to that recorded in other chemosensitive cells. Here we examine the possibility that the Kv1.2 alpha-subunit comprises the KO2 channel in PC12 cells. Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments showed that the KO2 current in PC12 cells is inhibited by charybdotoxin, a blocker of Kv1.2 channels. PC12 cells express the Kv1.2 alpha-subunit of K+ channels: Western blot analysis with affinity-purified anti-Kv1.2 antibody revealed a band at approximately 80 kDa. Specificity of this antibody was established in Western blot and immunohystochemical studies. Anti-Kv1.2 antibody selectively blocked Kv1.2 current expressed in the Xenopus oocyte, but had no effect on Kv2.1 current. Anti-Kv1.2 antibody dialysed through the patch pipette completely blocked the KO2 current, while the anti-Kv2.1 and irrelevant antibodies had no effect. The O2 sensitivity of recombinant Kv1.2 and Kv2.1 channels was studied in Xenopus oocytes. Hypoxia inhibited the Kv1.2 current only. These findings show that the KO2 channel in PC12 cells belongs to the Kv1 subfamily of K+ channels and that the Kv1.2 alpha-subunit is important in conferring O2 sensitivity to this channel.
Error bounds for the laplace approximation for definite integrals

Abstract Explicit error bounds are obtained for the well-known asymptotic expansion of integrals of the form ∫ab e−λp(x)q(x)dx, in which λ is a large positive parameter, p(x) and q(x) are real differentiable functions, and p′(x) has a simple zero in the finite or infinite range [a, b]. The bounds are expressed in terms of the supremum of a certain function, taken over [a, b], and are asymptotic to the absolute value of the first neglected term in the expansion, as λ → ∞. Several illustrative examples are given, including modified Bessel functions and the gamma function.
The Brief Systems Family Therapy Process Model: First Results

Family therapy is a process by which therapists help families identify and rectify dysfunctional patterns. A precise under standing and specification of the steps in the family therapy process is c...
Observations on the thermal decomposition of some uranium(IV) tetraalkyls

Abstract The thermally unstable products of the reactions 4 RLi + UCl 4 (R = various alkyl groups), presumed to be uranium tetraalkyls, decompose readily at room temperature in ethereal or hydrocarbon solvents. When R contains a β-hydrogen, comparable quantities of alkane (RH) and alkene (RH-H 2 ) are produced along with trace amounts of the dimer, RR. This result indicates that uranium alkyl compounds readily decompose via β-hydrogen elimination under the appropriate circumstances (coordinative unsaturation). When a β-hydrogen is not present, the alkane, RH, is the major product. That stereochemistry is retained at the α-carbon atom of the 2- cis - and 2- trans -2-butenyl compounds suggests that 2-butenes are not formed from free R − radicals.
Coming apart at the seams: morphological evidence for pregnathal head capsule borders in adult Tribolium castaneum

Cephalization and seamless fusion of the anterior body segments during development obscure the segmental boundaries of the insect head. Most of the visible seams are thought to reflect cuticular infolding for structural reinforcement rather than a merger of cuticular plate borders. Incomplete fusions and other modifications of the adult head found in eight Tribolium mutations indicate that the frontal and gular sutures likely are true sutures that mark borders between adjacent cuticular plates, and suggest that the anterior facial shelf is a composite of three independent cuticular surfaces: ocular, antennal, and clypeo-labral. Additionally, midline splits of the clypeo-labrum and gula, and membranous lesions on the lateral head capsule reveal probable borders of adjacent cuticular plates where visible sutures are normally absent. The anterior lateral lesions seen in the Lucifer mutation mark a border between ocular and antennal plates and appear to identify part of the postfrontal sutures. While revealing or clarifying possible intersegmental borders between ocular, antennal, and clypeo-labral plates, the various modified or unfused surfaces of the head neither reveal an additional acronal plate nor support the view that the clypeo-labrum is segmentally associated with ocular cuticle.
Much Potential but Many Unanswered Questions for High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Training for Patients with Heart Failure

There is a robust trove of scientific studies that support the positive physical and mental health benefits associated with aerobic exercise for healthy individuals. These recommendations suggest that more vigorous exercise can be performed on fewer days for the same benefit. High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) training has begun to show promise. HIIE seems safe and improves physiology, quality of life, and functional capacity. This review defines HIIE, discusses its physiologic benefit for patients with heart failure, outlines the studies that have been conducted to date, and places it in the context of the current clinical environment of exercise training for these patients.
Canar: A Year in the Highlands of Ecuador

Introduction Old Friends Killa Raymi: Festival of the Moon A House in Canar The Day of the Dead La Limpieza A Dinner to Honor the Dead, and Us The Meeting Greeting the New Year Life in Canar at Three Months Dia de San Antonio This Camera Pleases Me The New Economy A Death in Canar Carnaval Betrothal, Canari Style Life in Canar at Six Months A Wedding Mama Michi Goes to Canada The Way Things Work A Birth in Canar We Walk the Inca Trail Saying Good-bye
Organic minerals. Picene and chrysene as constituents of the mineral curtisite (idrialite)

Das massive organische Mineral Curtisite (Idrialite) besteht aus Picen, Chrysen und, wie aus den Massenspektren der rohen Proben zu entnehmen ist, deren Methyl-homologen.
Follow-up Assessment of St. Jude Medical Prosthetic Valve in the Tricuspid Position: Clinical and Hemodynamic Results

Abstract Seven patients underwent postoperative right heart catheterization following implantation of the St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve in the tricuspid position. Six patients were in atrial fibrillation at catheterization, and 1 was in normal sinus rhythm. At postoperative catheterization, the mean right atrial pressure ranged between 4 and 16 mm Hg (mean, 9.7 mm Hg); right ventricular systolic pressure was normal in 1 patient, mildly elevated (less than 50 mm Hg) in 4 patients, and moderately elevated (65 and 70 mm Hg) in 2. The cardiac output ranged between 3.0 and 7.0 L/min (mean, 4.2 L/min). There was no end-diastolic gradient across the St. Jude Medical prosthesis in 6 patients. The other patient had a gradient of 2 mm Hg across the valve when cardiac output was 7.0 L/min. On fluoroscopy, both discs demonstrated full excursion in all patients. These data demonstrate that a normally functioning St. Jude Medical valve in the tricuspid position does not create obstruction to forward flow, and they support use of this prosthesis in patients with tricuspid valve disease.
On the ''strength'' of the small bodies of the solar system: A review of strength theories and their implementation for analyses of impact disruptions

Abstract Composed of rocks, dirt, ices and metals, the small bodies of the Solar System generally show features of strength; and that property undoubtedly played a major role in their collisional evolution. But the quantification of strength is difficult because there are many different measures of strength, and those measures depend significantly on a body's composition, previous history and size. Although it is at the foundations of our scaling theories for the disruption of small bodies, and an essential part of code calculations, we have only recently begun to understand and come to grips with that strength property and in appropriate ways to model it in our theories and calculations. This is a general overview of strength theories for geological-type materials as needed for impact analyses. Dominant features of strength models are discussed, and comparisons of various models in the literature against that feature template is given. A summary of the use of strength theories in impact calculations is presented.
Pediatric C1q nephropathy and incidental proteinuria.

Sirs, We had previously reported our experiences of the clinical features and outcomes of C1q nephropathy in 20 children in Memphis, Tennessee [1]. Dr. Nishida et al. reported three patients with C1q nephropathy and asymptomatic proteinuria that were identified by the school urinary screening program in Japan in the December 2005 issue of Pediatric Nephrology [2]. In their study, 94 of the 193 renal biopsies were performed for asymptomatic proteinuria. They identified three patients with asymptomatic proteinuria with biopsies that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of C1q nephropathy. While all of these patients had mild proteinuria without obvious clinical symptoms, they all had less than ten red blood cells per high power field in the urine sediments under the microscope. The renal biopsies from all patients showed membranoproliferative histology. While 40% of our patients presented with nephrotic syndrome, three (15%) African–American patients (one female and two males) presented with incidental proteinuria. They were diagnosed with abnormal urinalysis during sport-related physical examinations. They were all normotensive and none of them had any other symptoms such as hematuria or swelling at presentation that would have suggested any renal disease. They had either no blood or trace amounts of blood in the urine at presentation. However, in contrast to the patients from the study by Dr. Nishida, all of our patients had nephrotic range proteinuria and the average urine protein to creatinine ratio at presentation was 4.12. The average serum creatinine was 1.1 mg/dL and the average estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Schwartz formula was 87.1 ml/ min/1.73 m [3]. The renal biopsies all showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Two patients were subsequently treated solely with ACE inhibitor, while the other patient was also treated with oral steroids and mycophenolate mofetil. At last follow-up, all three patients still had persistent proteinuria but were negative for blood in their urine. Two of them had serum creatinine levels of 1.5 mg/ dL and the other had a level of 0.9 mg/dL. One of the patients had an estimated GFR of less than 50 ml/ min/1.73 m at last follow-up. In addition to more severe degrees of proteinuria at presentation, the histologies of the renal biopsies of our patients were very different from the cases reported by Dr. Nishida, and our patients with incidental proteinuria had less favorable outcomes than the group from Japan. The difference in ethnicity may account for this discrepancy. Since we do not routinely screen the urine of our children in the United States, the actual incidence of asymptomatic proteinuria and of C1q nephropathy is unknown. Although our data support Dr. Nishima’s observation that a considerable number of patients with asymptomatic proteinuria may have C1q nephropathy, unlike their patients, not all of ours had benign clinical outcomes. Larger studies of well-characterized patients and longer follow-up times are necessary for a better understanding of this clinical entity.
Rapid climate changes in the tropical Atlantic region during the last deglaciation

THE climate system is capable of changing abruptly from one stable mode to another1–3. Rapid climate oscillations—in particular the Younger Dryas cold period during the last deglaciation—have long been recognized from records throughout the North Atlantic region4–14, and the distribution of these records at mostly high latitudes suggests that the changes were caused by rapid reorganizations of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation6,8,10,15. But events far from the North Atlantic region that are synchronous with the Younger Dryas16–19 raise the possibility that a more global forcing mechanism was responsible20. Here we present high-resolution records of laminated sediments of the last deglaciation from the Cariaco basin (tropical Atlantic Ocean) which show many abrupt sub-decade to century-scale oscillations in surface-ocean biological productivity that are synchronous with climate changes at high latitudes. We attribute these productivity variations to changes in or duration of up-welling rate (and hence nutrient supply) caused by changes in trade-wind strength, which is in turn influenced by the thermo-haline circulation through its effect on sea surface temperature6,21. Abrupt climate changes in the tropical Atlantic during the last deglaciation are thus consistent with a North Atlantic circulation forcing mechanism.
Audiovisual communication and therapeutic jurisprudence: Cognitive and social psychological dimensions.

Abstract The effects of audiovisual communications on the emotional and psychological well-being of participants in the legal system have not been previously examined. Using as a framework for analysis what Slobogin (1996) calls internal balancing (of therapeutic versus antitherapeutic effects) and external balancing (of therapeutic jurisprudence [TJ] effects versus effects on other legal values), this brief paper discusses three examples that suggest the complexity of evaluating courtroom audiovisuals in TJ terms. In each instance, audiovisual displays that are admissible based on their arguable probative or explanatory value – day-in-the-life movies, victim impact videos, and computer simulations of litigated events – might well reduce stress and thus improve the psychological well-being of personal injury plaintiffs, survivors, and jurors, respectively. In each situation, however, other emotional and cognitive effects may prove antitherapeutic for the target or other participants, and/or may undermine other important values including outcome accuracy, fairness, and even the conception of the legal decision maker as a moral actor.
Expanding role of predictive TCAD in advanced technology development

TCAD plays an increasingly critical role in advanced technology research and development. The areas of impact expanded to not only predicting device outcome from process input, but also to topics traditionally not addressed by TCAD.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study for Optimization of a Fin Design

Abstract : The three-dimensional, unsteady computations of an Unmanned Underwater vehicle with flapping fins were carried out. Several parametric studies were performed varying the amplitude and frequency of oscillation of the fin and the angle of attack of the fin at the root. The objective of these computations was to investigate the importance of these parameters on the fluid dynamics of force production in order to propel the vehicle at a constant speed of 3 kt. An unstructured grid-based unsteady Navier-Stokes solver with automatic adaptive remeshing was used to compute the flow about the vehicle through several complete cycles of fin oscillation for each of the cases studied. The computations show that the angle of attack of 20 of the root section of the fin is near optimum. The vehicle is capable of sustaining a 3 kt current and maintaining position with the fins flapping at a frequency of 2 Hz and an amplitude of 11 4%. As the frequency of oscillation is increased, the net thrust produced increases, but the vehicle will be subjected to large excursions in the normal force. As the fin is made rigid, there is a substantial penalty in lift during the upstroke.
Time dependent behaviour of the cross-linking reaction of α-chymotrypsin with glutaraldehyde

Immobilization of α-chymotrypsin was done by cross-linking the enzyme with glutaraldehyde. Studies were done in a batch reactor to find out the effects of the concentrations of α-chymotrypsin and glutaraldehyde on the rate of particle formation, the final yield of the crosslinked particles, and the residual activity of the cross-linked enzyme. Both intra- and inter-molecular cross-linking play important role at different time course of the reaction. At the begining of the cross-linking reaction, the large drop in the activity is because of the intra-molecular cross-linking and later on the large increase in the particle formation is because of the inter-molecular cross-linking.
LC/MS analysis and lipase modification of the sophorolipids produced by Rhodotorula bogoriensis**

The extracellular glycolipids produced by the yeast, Rhodotorula bogoriensis (formerly Candida bogoriensis), were analyzed using an LC/API-MS method. The analysis confirmed that the predominant form the sophorolipid structure contained a C22 hydroxy carboxylic acid. A minor amount (<10%) of a C24 hydroxy carboxylic acid in the sophorolipid was also found, which had not been reported previously. The sophorolipid product, which contained varying degrees of acetylation at the primary hydroxy groups of the sophorose sugar, was deacetylated with sodium methoxide. The des-acetylated sophorolipid was esterified using an immobilized lipase as catalyst in tetrahydrofuran and the product analyzed by mass spectrometric techniques. The product was screened for dimer or polymer formation but only a monomeric lactonized sophorolipid structure was detected.
Prospective Memory in Workplace and Everyday Situations

Forgetting to perform intended actions can have major consequences, including loss of life in some situations. Laboratory research on prospective memory—remembering (and sometimes forgetting) to perform deferred intentions—is growing rapidly, thanks to new laboratory paradigms that are being used to uncover underlying cognitive mechanisms. Everyday situations and workplace situations in fields such as aviation and medicine, which have been studied less extensively, reveal aspects of prospective remembering that have both practical and theoretical implications, which are discussed here. Several types of situations in which individuals are vulnerable to forgetting intentions, but which have not been studied extensively in laboratory research, are described, and ways to reduce vulnerability to forgetting are suggested.
GPU accelerated Monte Carlo simulation for 3D photon migration

We report a massively parallel Monte Carlo algorithm that can be run on Graphics Processing Units (GPU). Using a low-cost graphics card, it is over 300x faster than the traditional CPU-based simulations.
Copy That! Reaping the Potential Benefits from Incorporating a Copy Center within Access Services

SUMMARY While offering duplication services from within an Access Services department can present unique challenges, it can also make for a successful enterprise that not only provides essential goods and services to the campus, but also serves as a way to attract more patrons to the library and promote the other excellent services and resources contained therein. However, lacking a thoughtful approach a copy center can be a drain on the library organization. Therefore, it is imperative that administration approach a concern such as this with a flexible, committed, and contemplative methodology in order to succeed.
An Evaluation of Two Management Systems for Rearing Calves Fed Milk Replacer

In two experiments, 54 dairy calves were allotted to one of two management systems. One-half of the calves was raised under a conventional system that consisted of housing in separate calf hutches and manually feeding milk replacer twice daily until weaning at 7 to 8 wk of age. In this system, calves had ad libitum access to a starter diet. The remainder of the calves was housed in a single group pen and was fed via a computerized system that allowed controlled access to milk replacer and starter for 24 h/d. In both experiments, average daily gain and final body weight at weaning were similar between management systems. In Experiment 2, calves that were fed milk replacer via the automated system consumed more starter diet during the 2nd and 3rd wk, but consumed less starter during wk 6 and 7; however, total consumption of the starter diet prior to weaning was not different between treatments. Calves in the group pen had fewer days of medication than did those in hutches. The time needed to manage a calf in a hutch amounted to approximately 10 min per calf, but the time committed to management of a calf raised in the group pen was <1 min/d. A 200-cow dairy herd with a 35% yearly cull rate and a mean calf mortality rate of 10% would regain costs of initial investment for the computer feeder by savings in labor within 2 to 3 yr.
Stable and unstable fatigue prediction for A572 structural steel using acoustic emission

Abstract The association of acoustic emission (AE) signals with crack growth behavior in the material of interest is the basis for monitoring the fatigue damage of in-service steel structures with the AE method. A model including the absolute energy rate of AE, stress intensity, fracture toughness and load ratio is presented to predict crack extension and remaining fatigue life for stable and unstable crack stages. The model is based on the Forman equation, and the balance between AE signal energy and the energy released due to crack growth. Results from AE-monitored fatigue tests with load ratios of 0.02, 0.1 and 0.7 are utilized to validate the presented model. To separate AE signals associated with crack growth from noise, a combined approach involving pattern recognition and analysis of waveform features was employed. Prediction procedures are demonstrated based on the presented model and experimental data. Reasonable agreement exists between the observed and predicted test results. The presented model conservatively estimates fatigue damage and remaining fatigue life.
Dipole interactions and trapping effects of positive muons in fcc and bcc metals

In this paper the results of calculations for a single muon trapped at various lattice sites in an external magnetic field are presented. As the direction of the magnetic field is changed, the results show a large variation of the local field experienced by a muon at the octahedral (o-sites) and tetrahedral (t-sites) symmetry lattice interstitial sites. These results show that a careful measurement of the ..mu../sup +/ depolarization rate for various external magnetic field orientations would indicate a preferential position for the trapped particle. At this time analysis of the experimental data does not present a clear interpretation for the determination of the ..mu../sup +/ site. The calculational procedure is outlined and the results, including an estimate of the effects of lattice distortion on the ..mu../sup +/ depolarization rate when the muon is localized are presented.