cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety profile of two novel antiepileptic agents approved for the treatment of refractory partial seizures: ezogabine (retigabine) and perampanel

Introduction: Complex-partial seizures are frequently resistant to antiepileptic therapy. Two new medications with mechanisms of action novel within the antiepileptic class have recently received approval for the adjunctive treatment of partial (focal) seizures. Areas covered: A Medline search was conducted to identify preclinical and clinical studies of ezogabine and perampanel. This was supplemented with additional articles obtained from online sources and information provided by the FDA and the manufacturers. The focus of this review is on the safety profiles of ezogabine (retigabine), a novel antiepileptic that targets voltage-gated potassium channels, and perampanel, a noncompetitive α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate glutamate receptor antagonist. Expert opinion: Central nervous system effects are predominant within the adverse event profiles of both ezogabine and perampanel. In addition, ezogabine exerts its inhibitory effects on potassium channels in the urogenital tract potentiall...
Stereotaxic Interstitial Laser Therapy of Early‐Stage Breast Cancer

: Coagulation leading to fibrosis of mammo-graphically detected breast cancers by interstitial laser therapy was tested as an alternative to surgical removal. Availability of computerized stereotaxic digital imaging allows the precise placement of laser and thermal needles into the target tumor and its controlled ablation by heat. The methodology of interstitial laser therapy (ILT), evolution of the subsequently removed tumors, and their histologic appearance are outlined. Eight patients with mammographically well-defined tumors were selected. Definitive diagnosis and receptor evaluation were made on core biopsies. Under local anesthesia, stereotaxically guided diode laser energy at 5–10 w was delivered via a 400 xm fiber in a 19-gauge needle placed into the center of the tumor until the peripheral temperature exceeded 60°C. Patients experienced transient pain and pyrexia. Subsequent to ILT, seven invasive carcinomas were excised while one case of multiple papillomas was kept under surveillance. Histologic study revealed central necrosis but some peripheral residual tumor in the first five cases. In the last two, central necrosis surrounded by concentrically arranged, recognizable but severely injured, focally “windswept” and “ghostlike” tumor and granulation tissue were noted. The multiple papillomas showed radiologic shrinkage at 5 months and extensive fibrosis on needle biopsy. ILT is an attractive new method of treating small, well-defined breast tumors and offers a potentially significant alternative to surgical removal; further exploration is warranted.
Perceptions of reward systems by technologists and managers in information technology companies

The authors summarize empirical research that studied the perceptions of 91 technologists and managers about rewards systems in eight information technology companies. An analysis of the responses shows that although the companies differ in business and location, technologists and their managers share different sets of perceptions about the same reward systems. Technologists strongly perceive that they must move into management to increase their pay, status, and importance. Managers believe that their pay reflects their current responsibilities and they do not perceive that they are at a dead-end in their jobs. Although they state that technologists need not progress to management positions in their careers, managers agree that technologists must move into management to get higher pay and status. All respondents expressed a strong need for a parallel technical career ladder in their companies. >
Utility of FDG-PET scanning in lymphoma by WHO classification

We retrospectively evaluated 18fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans in 172 patients with lymphoma and correlated results with pathologic diagnosis using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. In total, FDG-PET detected disease in at least one site in 161 patients (94%) and failed to detect disease in 11 patients (6%). The most frequent lymphoma diagnoses were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL; n = 51), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL; n = 47), follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 42), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL; n = 12), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n = 7), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL; n = 5). FDG-PET detected disease in 100% of patients with LBCL and MCL and in 98% of patients with HL and FL. In contrast, FDG-PET detected disease in only 67% of MZL and 40% of PTCL. Comparison with bone marrow biopsies showed that FDG-PET was not reliable for detection of bone marrow involvement in any lymphoma subtype.
On surface deformation of melt-intercalated polyethylene–clay nanocomposites during scratching

Electron microscopy has been used to examine the mechanically-induced surface damage introduced during scratching of polyethylene(PE)–clay nanocomposites. The determining role of clay in reducing the susceptibility to surface deformation is predicted from the characteristics of surface morphology and the scratch deformation parameters. The reinforcement of PE with nanoclay reduces the susceptibility to scratch damage and stress whitening. Microcracks and surface deformation features namely wrinkles/ridges are the primary source of light scattering resulting in stress whitening. The scratch deformation behavior is discussed in terms of tensile modulus, percentage crystallinity, elastic recovery, and scratch hardness. Scratch hardness is a relevant parameter that can be appropriately used to determine resistance to scratch deformation. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1625–1634, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Nadaísmo: Bibliografía reciente

Cada cieto tiempo vuelven a ponerse en onda los textos que por alguna razon (extrana o no, politica o no) dejaron de ser imp rescindibles para un numero indefinido de lectores. Obra negra regresa con las ventajas que la tradicion otorga (aunque, en terminos li terarios, la historia nunca absuelva) y las arrugas que otra epoca impone a las paginas mas blindadas. Pero un regreso no provocado por las argucias publicitarias sino por el contexco socioeconomico y cultural tiene los meritos de la primera aparicion; solo que otros ojos y otros entusiasmos seran quienes protagonicen su lectura. Despues de Lacan, Derrida y Foucault, reingresara en la critica J .P. Sartre, el manoso de la mirada , acompanado seguramente por su carnal Camus... Y eso que estamos solo en plan de lo frances... ?Conque ha vuelto Gonzalo Arango? Mejor que mejor. Su prosa arde y en algunos casos quema con razon; su poesia en verso -adelantemonos para no hacerla larga- es olvidable, redundante y de ocasion, en el peor sentido de la palabra.
Pilot-symbol-assisted LDPC coded BICM over correlated Rayleigh fading channels

Pilot-symbol-assisted low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is analyzed using the density evolution (DE) and the extrinsic information-transfer (EXIT) chart for correlated Rayleigh fading channels. The key parameter (the power correlation coefficient) is identified, and the threshold degradation is quantified. The optimal tradeoff of energy allocation between pilots and coded symbols is found to be sensitive to the normalized Doppler spread of the channel, the interpolation filter, the modulation scheme, and the pilot selection. In addition, a simple upper bound on the performance of any receiver that performs joint iterative decoding and channel estimation is derived. Extension to irregular code design is also discussed.
Echiniscoides wyethi, a new marine tardigrade from Maine, U.S.A. (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea: Echiniscoididae)

Abstract A new species of tardigrade in the family Echiniscoididae, Echiniscoides wyethi, was found on the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides (L.) at several intertidal sites around Allen Island, Maine, USA. The new species is named after the American artist Andrew Wyeth and the Wyeth family who own the island on which this species was discovered. The new species is separated from all other Echiniscoides by the smooth cuticle, long flexible buccal tube, and the number of claws on the legs of the adult.
Mathematical modeling, experimental validation and observer design for a capacitively actuated microcantilever

We present a mathematical model for the dynamics on an electrostatically actuated micro-cantilever. For the common case of cantilever excited by a periodic voltage, we show that the underlying linearized dynamics are those of a periodic system described by a Mathieu equation. We present experimental results that confirm the validity of the model, and in particular, illustrate that parametric resonance phenomena occur in capacitively actuated microcantilevers. We propose a system where the current measured is used as the sensing signal of the cantilever state and position through a dynamical observer. By investigating how the best achievable performance of an optimal observer depends on the excitation frequency, we show that the best such frequency is not necessarily the resonant frequency of the cantilever.
Malware detection using assembly and API call sequences

One of the major problems concerning information assurance is malicious code. To evade detection, malware has also been encrypted or obfuscated to produce variants that continue to plague properly defended and patched networks with zero day exploits. With malware and malware authors using obfuscation techniques to generate automated polymorphic and metamorphic versions, anti-virus software must always keep up with their samples and create a signature that can recognize the new variants. Creating a signature for each variant in a timely fashion is a problem that anti-virus companies face all the time. In this paper we present detection algorithms that can help the anti-virus community to ensure a variant of a known malware can still be detected without the need of creating a signature; a similarity analysis (based on specific quantitative measures) is performed to produce a matrix of similarity scores that can be utilized to determine the likelihood that a piece of code under inspection contains a particular malware. Two general malware detection methods presented in this paper are: Static Analyzer for Vicious Executables (SAVE) and Malware Examiner using Disassembled Code (MEDiC). MEDiC uses assembly calls for analysis and SAVE uses API calls (Static API call sequence and Static API call set) for analysis. We show where Assembly can be superior to API calls in that it allows a more detailed comparison of executables. API calls, on the other hand, can be superior to Assembly for its speed and its smaller signature. Our two proposed techniques are implemented in SAVE) and MEDiC. We present experimental results that indicate that both of our proposed techniques can provide a better detection performance against obfuscated malware. We also found a few false positives, such as those programs that use network functions (e.g. PuTTY) and encrypted programs (no API calls or assembly functions are found in the source code) when the thresholds are set 50% similarity measure. However, these false positives can be minimized, for example by changing the threshold value to 70% that determines whether a program falls in the malicious category or not.
Phosphated surfactants as pseudostationary phase for micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

summary, MEKC separation of a 21-component mix- ture of moderately and strongly hydrophobic analytes can be successfully achieved using the DEHP surfactant in the presence of an appropriate amount of organic solvent (20% v/v methanol, 30% v/v acetonitrile or iso- propanol). However, acetonitrile is the most effective modifier that provides highest peak capacity with rapid analysis time. It appears that the unique structure of the DEHP micelle is more tolerant to the addition of an organic solvent than SDS. This extends the scope of IB .. 15 25 35 45 55 Zsopropanol % (v/v) 50? c 'lo'? B I mvl I 4. 3s i 12 1 II ,,,,,I,,.,(,,,,,,,(,,,,,,,,,, I,, 8 20 Time(min) 30 40 Figure Z Effect of type of organic modifiers on resolution and selec- tivity of neutral compounds. Electrolytes contained 100 mh4 DEHP, 8 mM sodium borate, pH 9.0, in (A) 30% v/v acetonitrile, (B) 30% v/v isopropanol, (C) 20% v/v methanol. Peak identifications are the same as in Fig.
Computer science, nonprofits and service learning

The nonprofit sector offers excellent database and software engineering projects for computer science undergraduate students. At the undergraduate level, academic collaborations with industry often fail due to differing goals and philosophies. Collaborations with the nonprofit sector have a greater chance of success, since the nonprofit sector and academia share commonalities: both deliver services, have long-term goals that are difficult to measure, and exist to serve an idealistic purposes - the creation of a better society. By involving students with nonprofit agencies we not only help the nonprofit agency better accomplish its mission, we strengthen student awareness that they can improve society and we encourage a sense of civic duty that we hope will last a lifetime.
‘A Dubious Twilight’: Reflections on Dreams in Patristic Literature

As Wendy O'Flaherty has argued persuasively in her recent book, Dreams, Illusion, and Other Realities, it is possible to falsify the hypothesis that one is dreaming-by waking up; but it is not possible to verify that one is awake by falling asleep. The thought that one cannot verify the fact that one is awake but only only falsify the fact that one is asleep (by waking up) delivers something of a jolt to Western "common sense," which typically takes for granted the distinctness of such categories as "real" and "unreal," "conscious" and "unconscious," "dream" and "waking life." Yet, as O'Flaherty points out, we know that we cannot see ourselves seeing an illusion, just as we cannot verify the "reality" of ourselves in the moment when we are engaged in testing our reality.' Although the kinds of dichotomous structures that I have just mentioned (real and unreal, and so forth) may be epistemologically useful, they are ontologically suspect and, when probed deeply enough, the lines of demarcation that support such structures tend to wobble, if not disappear altogether. This is especially the case when one is considering the relationship between dreams and waking life, where, as Socrates says in the Theaetetus, "there is plenty of room for doubt."2 Indeed, across the centuries there has been so much room for doubt that, as O'Flaherty shows so well, people have insisted on tantalizing themselves with the thought that dreams are real and the "real" world is a dream: the line not only wobbles; the categories change places. In the company of such thoughts we are in a kind of twilight zone where, to borrow a phrase of Marianne Moore, there are imaginary gardens-with real toads in them.3 Unfortunately, we cannot escape this twilight zone by dismissing it as the product of exotic Indians immersed in maya; the Western tradition has its own frogs, and nowhere are they livelier than in late
Public institution fast tracking solar panel array implementation

This paper is a case study of the implementation of one of the nation's largest solar array panel arrays, within a year's time frame at a public university. The state funding received for solar energy will create 2 megawatts per day for a savings of 22 million dollars over 30 years.
Leveraging Clustering Techniques to Facilitate Metagenomic Analysis

AbstractMachine learning clustering algorithms provide excellent methods for conducting metagenomic analysis with efficiency. This study uses two machine learning algorithms, the self-organizing map and the K-means algorithms, to cluster data from an environmental sample collected from a hot springs habitat and to provide a visual analysis of that data. A data processing pipeline is described that uses the clustering algorithms to identify which reference genomes should be included for further analysis in determining possible organisms that are present in a metagenomic sample. The clustering revealed probable candidates for additional analysis, including a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium, which is likely to be found in a hot springs environment and serves to validate the functionality of these tools. The machine learning techniques discussed here can serve as a launching point for elucidating protein sequences that could serve as possible reference comparisons to a specific metagenomic sample and lead t...
Novel Cytochrome P450 Reaction Phenotyping for Low-Clearance Compounds Using the Hepatocyte Relay Method

A novel cytochrome P450 (P450) reaction phenotyping method for low-clearance compounds has been developed for eight P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2D6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 3A, and 3A4) and pan-cytochrome using the hepatocyte relay approach. Selective mechanism-based inhibitors were used to inactivate the individual P450 enzymes during preincubation, and inactivators were removed from the incubation before adding substrates to minimize reversible inhibition and maximize inhibitor specificity. The inhibitors were quite selective for specific P450 isoforms using the following inhibitor concentrations and preincubation times: furafylline (1 µM, 15 minutes) for CYP1A2, phencyclidine (20 µM, 15 minutes) for 2B6, paroxetine (1.8 µM, 15 minutes) for CYP2D6, gemfibrozil glucuronide (100 µM, 30 minutes) for 2C8, tienilic acid (15 µM, 30 minutes) for 2C9, esomeprazole (8 µM, 15 minutes) for 2C19, troleandomycin (25 µM, 15 minutes) for 3A4/5, CYP3cide (2 µM, 15 minutes) for 3A4, and 1-aminobenzotriazole (1 mM, 30 minutes) supplemented with tienilic acid (15 µM, 30 minutes) for pan-cytochrome. The inhibitors were successfully applied to the hepatocyte relay method in a 48-well format for P450 reaction phenotyping of low-clearance compounds. This novel method provides a new approach for determining the fraction metabolized of low-turnover compounds that are otherwise challenging with the traditional methods, such as chemical inhibitors with human liver microsomes and hepatocytes or human recombinant P450 enzymes.
Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber Performances-Numerical Evaluation

In this paper are presented some CFD results regarding combustion in an aircraft turbojet engine, for aviation fuels consisting of hydrocarbon mixtures. Recent achievements in chemical kinetic modeling of kerosene combustion are presented. Performance parameters investigated were combustion efficiency, unburned hydrocarbons as well as liner temperatures and smoke. The analysis is based on the theoretically and experimentally characteristics of a typical axial flow engine.
Exploring quantum control landscape structure

A common goal of quantum control is to maximize a physical observable through the application of a tailored field. The observable value as a function of the field constitutes a quantum-control landscape. Previous papers have shown, under specified conditions, that the quantum-control landscape should be free of suboptimal critical points. This favorable landscape topology is one factor contributing to the efficiency of climbing the landscape. An additional complementary factor is the landscape structure, which constitutes all nontopological features. If the landscape's structure is too complex, then climbs may be forced to take inefficient convoluted routes to find optimal controls. This paper provides a foundation for understanding control-landscape structure by examining the linearity of gradient-based optimization trajectories through the space of control fields. For this assessment, a metric $R\ensuremath{\ge}1$ is defined as the ratio of the path length of the optimization trajectory to the Euclidean distance between the initial control field and the resultant optimal control field that takes an observable from the bottom to the top of the landscape. Computational analyses for simple model quantum systems are performed to ascertain the relative abundance of nearly straight control trajectories encountered when optimizing a state-to-state transition probability. The distribution of $R$ values is found to be centered near remarkably low values upon sampling large numbers of randomly chosen initial control fields. Additionally, a stochastic algorithm is used to locate many distinct initial control fields, each of which corresponds to the start of an almost straight control trajectory with $R\ensuremath{\simeq}1.0$. The collected results indicate that quantum-control landscapes have very simple structural features. The favorable topology and the complementary simple structure of the control landscape provide a basis for understanding the generally observed ease of optimizing a state-to-state transition probability.
Fluid/structure twin tail buffet response over a wide range of angles of attack

The buffet response of the flexible twintail/delta wing configuration-a multidisciplinary problem is solved using three sets of equations on a multi-block grid structure. The first set is the unsteady, compressible, Reynolds-aver aged NavierStokes equations which are used for obtaining the flow-filed vector and the aerodynamic loads on the twin tails. The second set is the coupled aeroelastic equations which are used for obtaining the bending and torsional deflections of the twin tails. The third set is the grid-displacement equations which are used for updating the grid coordinates due to the tail deflections. The configuration is pitched at wide range of angles of attack; 15° to 40°, and the freestream Mach number and Reynolds number are 0.3 and 1.25 million, respectively. With the twin tails fixed as rigid surfaces, the problem is solved for the initial flow conditions. Next, the problem is solved for the twin tail response for uncoupled bending and torsional vibrations due to the unsteady loads produced by the vortex breakdown flow of the leading-edge vortex cores. The configuration is investigated for two spanwise positions of the twin tails; inboard and outboard locations. The computational results are validated and are in very good agreement with the experimental data of Washburn, et. al.
Loading rig in which axially compressed thin cylindrical shells buckle near theoretical values

Fifteen near-perfect electroformed nickel cylindrical shells of highR/t ratios have been buckled by axial compression using a special loading-rig system. Buckling-stress values averaged 85 percent, and ranged from 80 to 96 percent, of the classical theoretical bucklingstress value. The loading rig described in this report makes use of a simple procedure for accurately aligning the thin shell with the load axis and, also, for maintaining the circularity of the shell at its end by accommodating for slightly different diameters, with the use of tapered circular end caps which provide exact fits in each case. The rig also provides a setup in which shells may be free to twist, tip and translate, or be restrained from these motions. Comparison between restrained and unrestrained tests reveoled no noticeable change in the buckling load. However, with the restraining mechanism, slightly higher postbuckling loads, repeated buckling loads and an increased number of circumferential waves resulted.
RESPONSE: SNACK FOODS, OBESITY AND REALISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS

In a commentary in this issue of JACN, Anderson and Patterson [1] suggest that children should eat fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy for snacks while avoiding typical snack foods such as candy, ...
Molecular simulations of wetting of a rough surface by an oily fluid: effect of topology, chemistry, and droplet size on wetting transition rates.

The goal of this work is to study via molecular simulations the wetting kinetics of a rough surface by an oily fluid. We use forward flux sampling to compute the wetting transition rate and elucidate the transition mechanism of a small droplet on a surface of nails. The nails provide the re-entrant geometry necessary to keep the droplet in the nonwetted, composite state. The effects of nail height, droplet size, and surface chemistry are investigated. Because the droplet must touch the bottom surface to transition, increasing the nail height is an effective way to increase the barrier to wetting for both phobic and slightly philic drops, although as the fluid becomes very philic, chemistry dominates and the effect of nail height disappears. Generally, smaller drops transition more easily. Overall, our results suggest that nonwettability could be practically enhanced by promoting the “kinetic” trapping of the system in the nonwetted state.
Survival analysis of lamb mortality in a terminal sire composite population.

Records of mortality during the first year of life of 8,642 lambs from a composite population at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were studied using survival and logistic analyses. The traditional logistic approach analyzes the binary response of whether or not a lamb survived until a particular time point, thus disregarding information on the actual age at death. Survival analysis offers an alternative way to study mortality, wherein the response variable studied is the precise age at death while accounting for possible record censoring. Lamb mortality was studied across five periods based on management practices: birth to weaning, birth to 120 d of age, birth to 365 d of age, weaning to 365 d of age, and 120 to 365 d of age. Explanatory variables included in the models were sex, type of birth, age of dam, and whether or not a lamb was raised in a nursery. The survival analysis was implemented using Weibull and Cox proportional hazards models with sire as random effect. The logistic approach evaluated sire, animal, and maternal effects models. Lambs culled during any period were treated as censored in the survival analyses and were assumed alive in the logistic analyses. Similar estimates of the explanatory variables were obtained from the survival and logistic analyses, but the survival analyses had lower standard errors than the logistic analyses, suggesting a slight superiority of the former approach. Heritability estimates were generally consistent across all periods ranging from 0.15 to 0.21 in the Weibull model, 0.12 to 0.20 in the Cox model, 0.08 to 0.11 in the logistic sire model, 0.04 to 0.05 in the logistic animal model, and 0.03 to 0.07 in the maternal effects logistic model. Maternal effects were important in the early stages of lamb life, but the maternal heritability was less than 0.07 in all the stages studied with a negative correlation (-0.86 to -0.61) between direct and maternal effects. The estimates of additive genetic variance indicate that the use of survival analysis estimates in breeding schemes could allow for effective selection against mortality, thereby improving sheep productivity, welfare, and profitability.
Decompressive Craniotomy and Craniectomy for Brain Trauma

Purpose of Review There is still substantial controversy surrounding the utility of decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Some surgeons readily perform these operations, while others are more hesitant due to concerns about patient outcomes in severe TBI.
Presidents and Assemblies: Defining regimes with elected presidents

Any thorough analysis of presidential systems must first establish clear criteria for what presidentialism is. In this case, the task is especially critical because we shall later examine a number of variations on the institutional arrangements of presidential government, as well as proposals for modifications as yet untested. The tasks of this chapter, then, are as follows: First, we provide a definition of presidentialism, drawing on the theoretical heritage of The Federalist and contrasting ours with other institutional definitions of the regime type. Next, we define premier-presidentialism in contrast to pure presidentialism. We then discuss some hybrid regime types that exhibit combinations of qualities from both the presidential and premier-presidential types. Finally, we introduce a simple typology of regimes based upon two dimensions: (1) the degree of separation of powers, and (2) the nature of the cabinet. We return to this typology in greater detail in Chapter 8. PRESIDENTIALISM ACCORDING TO ITS FOUNDERS: SEPARATE ORIGIN AND SURVIVAL Beginning with The Federalist , the central defining characteristic of presidentialism has been the separation of legislative from executive powers. Indeed, this theme predates presidential government. The authors of The Federalist based much of their faith in the separation of powers on Montesquieu's arguments for legislative control over a king's ministers. Later, the idea of presidentialism as the separation of powers in a republican government is clearly delineated first in The Federalist , and this idea will remain central to our definition of presidentialism.
Metabolic responses to whole-body vibration: effect of frequency and amplitude.

This study assessed the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) of varying frequency and amplitude on metabolic responses during WBV treatment and subsequent aerobic exercise. Eight men and eight women (21.0 ± 1.9 years) underwent one no-WBV (NV) and six WBV at 30 Hz/low amplitude (30L), 30 Hz/high amplitude (30H), 40 Hz/low amplitude (40L), 40 Hz/high amplitude (40H), 50 Hz/low amplitude (50L), and 50 Hz/high amplitude (50H). During each protocol, subjects performed ten sets of ten body weight squats with 1-min rest period between sets on a vibration platform with a load that represented one of the six frequency–amplitude combinations. Each WBV treatment was immediately followed by 20 min of cycle exercise at 65 % VO2peak. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and rates of carbohydrate (COX) and fat oxidation (FOX) were measured during both the WBV session and subsequent exercise. During WBV, VO2 was higher (p < 0.05) in 40H, 50L and 50H than NV and in 50H than 30L, 30H and 40L. COX was higher (p < 0.05) in 40H, 50L, and 50H than NV, whereas FOX remained indifferent across all protocols. During subsequent exercise, VO2 was higher (p < 0.05) in 50L and 50H than NV and in 50H than 30L. No between-protocol differences were seen for COX or FOX. WBV combined with body weight squats can augment VO2 at 40 Hz of high amplitude and 50 Hz of both low and high amplitudes. This metabolic potentiation remains in effect during subsequent aerobic exercise. WBV did not affect fat oxidation across all vibratory loads.
From bone to fossil: A review of the diagenesis of bioapatite

The preservation of bone or bioapatite over geologic time has presented paleobiologists with longstanding and formidable questions. Namely, to elucidate the mechanisms, processes, rates, and depositional conditions responsible for the formation of a fossil from a once living tissue. Approaches integrating geochemistry, mineralogy, physics, hydrology, sedimentology, and taphonomy have all furthered insights into fossilization, but several fundamental gaps still remain. Notably, our limited understanding of: (1) the timing of processes during diagenesis (e.g., early and/or late), (2) the rate of bioapatite transformation into thermodynamically more stable phases, (3) the controls imparted by depositional environment, and (4) the role of (micro)biology in determining the fate of bone bioapatite (dissolution or preservation). The versatility of fossil bioapatite to provide information on the biology of extinct vertebrates rests on our ability to identify and characterize the changes that occurred to bioapatite during diagenesis. This review will evaluate our current understanding of bioapatite diagenesis and fossilization, focusing on the biogeochemical transformations that occur during diagenesis to the mineral and organic components of bone (excluding teeth and enamel), the analytical approaches applied to evaluate fossilization processes, and outline some suggestions for future promising directions.
Physiological Perturbation Reveals Modularity of Eyespot Development in the Painted Lady Butterfly, Vanessa cardui.

Butterfly eyespots are complex morphological traits that can vary in size, shape and color composition even on the same wing surface. Homology among eyespots suggests they share a common developmental basis and function as an integrated unit in response to selection. Despite strong evidence of genetic integration, eyespots can also exhibit modularity or plasticity, indicating an underlying flexibility in pattern development. The extent to which particular eyespots or eyespot color elements exhibit modularity or integration is poorly understood, particularly following exposure to novel conditions. We used perturbation experiments to explore phenotypic correlations among different eyespots and their color elements on the ventral hindwing of V. cardui. Specifically, we identified which eyespots and eyespot features are most sensitive to perturbation by heat shock and injection of heparin—a cold shock mimic. For both treatments, the two central eyespots (3 + 4) were most affected by the experimental perturbations, whereas the outer eyespot border was more resistant to modification than the interior color elements. Overall, the individual color elements displayed a similar response to heat shock across all eyespots, but varied in their response to each other. Graphical modeling also revealed that although eyespots differ morphologically, regulation of eyespot size and colored elements appear to be largely integrated across the wing. Patterns of integration, however, were disrupted following heat shock, revealing that the strength of integration varies across the wing and is strongest between the two central eyespots. These findings support previous observations that document coupling between eyespots 3 + 4 in other nymphalid butterflies.
Old growth: what is it?

Old-growth has been used and understood by foresters and ecologists for a long time. The term implies that the organism must be old, becoming overmature, senescent, slow growing, and declining in vigor. But the precise characteristics and attributes of the term are not identified. In recent years,theterm has been used in diverse contexts and often in a value-laden manner. This causes confusion regarding exactly what is meant by old-growth and clouds debates about the management and conservation of the forests to which the term refers. Foresters and ecologists should consider taking the lead in defining the term and monitoring its use.
Nonclassicality criteria: Quasiprobability distributions and correlation functions

We use the exact calculation of the quantum mechanical, temporal characteristic function $\ensuremath{\chi}(\ensuremath{\eta})$ and the degree of second-order coherence ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ for a single-mode, degenerate parametric amplifier for a system in the Gaussian state, viz., a displaced-squeezed thermal state, to study the different criteria for nonclassicality. In particular, we contrast criteria that involve only one-time functions of the dynamical system, for instance, the quasiprobability distribution $P(\ensuremath{\beta})$ of the Glauber-Sudarshan coherent or P representation of the density of state and the Mandel ${Q}_{M}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ parameter, versus the criteria associated with the two-time correlation function ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$.
Understanding the clinical and scintigraphic findings of spinal CSF leak syndrome

1892 Learning Objectives 1. Learn the clinical presentation of patients with spinal CSF leak syndrome. 2. Review risk factors associated with spinal CSF leak syndrome. 3. Review the diagnostic criteria for spinal CSF leak syndrome. 4. Understand the scintigraphic findings associated with spinal CSF leak syndrome and grading system. 5. Learn appearance on correlative imaging. 6. Review treatment options available for patients. This educational exhibit will review the spinal CSF leak syndrome. There will be discussion of clinical presentation, imaging findings with scintigraphy and correlative imaging and of the imaging grading system. We will review certain activities that may put a patient at higher risk for this syndrome. Treatment options will also be reviewed. Research Support None
Hybrid-fed microstrip patch antenna for MPAR application

This paper presents a high-isolation, low cross-polarization dual polarized patch antenna for the Multi-function Phased Array Radar (MPAR). The proposed antenna is fed by a balanced probe feed and a slot-coupled feed. The input isolation between horizontal and vertical ports is more than −52 dB and the cross-polarization level for both horizontal and vertical polarization is less than −32 dB in the entire bandwidth. The simulation results of a designed single element are presented.
Dynamic mode decomposition of a direct numerical simulation of a turbulent premixed planar jet flame: convergence of the modes

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a technique that enables investigation of unsteady and dynamic phenomena by decomposing data into coherent modes with corresponding growth rates and oscillatory ...
The potential effects of climate change on air quality across the conterminous US at 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways

Abstract. The potential impacts of climate change on regional ozone ( O3 ) and fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) air quality in the United States (US) are investigated by linking global climate simulations with regional-scale meteorological and chemical transport models. Regional climate at 2000 and at 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) is simulated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to downscale 11-year time slices from the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The downscaled meteorology is then used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate air quality during each of these 11-year periods. The analysis isolates the future air quality differences arising from climate-driven changes in meteorological parameters and specific natural emissions sources that are strongly influenced by meteorology. Other factors that will affect future air quality, such as anthropogenic air pollutant emissions and chemical boundary conditions, are unchanged across the simulations. The regional climate fields represent historical daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures well, with mean biases of less than 2 K for most regions of the US and most seasons of the year and good representation of variability. Precipitation in the central and eastern US is well simulated for the historical period, with seasonal and annual biases generally less than 25 %, with positive biases exceeding 25 % in the western US throughout the year and in part of the eastern US during summer. Maximum daily 8 h ozone (MDA8 O3 ) is projected to increase during summer and autumn in the central and eastern US. The increase in summer mean MDA8 O3 is largest under RCP8.5, exceeding 4 ppb in some locations, with smaller seasonal mean increases of up to 2 ppb simulated during autumn and changes during spring generally less than 1 ppb. Increases are magnified at the upper end of the O3 distribution, particularly where projected increases in temperature are greater. Annual average PM 2.5 concentration changes range from −1.0 to 1.0 µ g m −3 . Organic PM 2.5 concentrations increase during summer and autumn due to increased biogenic emissions. Aerosol nitrate decreases during winter, accompanied by lesser decreases in ammonium and sulfate, due to warmer temperatures causing increased partitioning to the gas phase. Among meteorological factors examined to account for modeled changes in pollution, temperature and isoprene emissions are found to have the largest changes and the greatest impact on O3 concentrations.
A CRITERION FOR THE UNIFORM ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF A CLASS OF DIFFERENTIAL-DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a criterion for the uniform asymptotic stability of a class of differential-difference equations. A necessary and sufficient condition for the system of linear differential-difference equations to be uniformly asymptotically stable is the existence of a positive constant M. The chapter presents an assumption where Y denotes the Banach space of continuous n -vector functions defined on [−h, o], whose norm is given by differential equation. Then a necessary and sufficient condition for the differential equation system to be uniformly asymptotically stable is the existence of a continuous bilinear mapping H(·) from (0,∞) → L(Y, Y) that satisfies the two conditions.
3 – Cake Filtration and Filter Media Filtration

Publisher Summary Cake filtration is the most common form of filtering employed by the chemical and process industries. This manifests into handling the permeability of a bed of porous material. With high-solids-concentration suspensions, even relatively small particles will not pass through the medium but tend to remain on the filter surface, forming “bridges” over individual openings in the filter material. Filtrate flows through the filter medium and cake because of an applied pressure, the magnitude of which is proportional to the filtration resistance. This resistance results from the frictional drag on the liquid as it passes through the filter and the cake. Hydrostatic pressure varies from a maximum at the point where liquid enters the cake to zero, where the liquid is expelled from the medium; consequently, at any point in the cake, the two are complementary. The compression pressure acting on the solids varies from zero at the face of the cake to a maximum at the filter medium. When solid particles undergo separation from the mother suspension, they are captured both on the surface of the filter medium and within the inner pore passages. The penetration of solid particles into the filter medium increases the flow resistance until the filtration cycle can no longer continue at economical throughput rates, at which time the medium itself must be replaced. The chapter describes standard calculation methods for assessing cake formation, behavior, and the overall efficiency of the filter-medium filtration process.
Pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis use of common analgesics and ovarian cancer prognosis (NHS/NHSII): a cohort study.

Summary Background Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death among women in the USA. In this study, our objective was to determine whether modifiable exposures to common analgesics outside of standard treatment influence prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) are ongoing prospective studies of 121 700 and 116 429 US nurses who have completed biennial questionnaires since 1976 and 1989, respectively. We retrieved information from medical records, death certificates, or linkage to a state or Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry on ovarian cancer cases. Eligible participants had confirmed invasive, stage I–III epithelial ovarian cancer, and had data available on analgesic use. The primary objective was to determine whether self-reported regular use (≥2 days per week) of aspirin, non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or paracetamol before and after ovarian cancer diagnosis, was associated with ovarian cancer-specific survival. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for these associations, adjusting for age and year of diagnosis, disease stage, and histology. Findings Between June 1, 1976, and May 31, 2012, for the NHS and between June 1, 1989, and May 31, 2013, for NHSII, 1789 participants of the NHS and NHSII studies were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer and 1143 (64%) were eligible to be included in this study; 1031 (90%) of 1143 cases were included in the pre-diagnosis exposure analysis and 964 cases (84%) in the post-diagnosis exposure analysis. Compared with never-users, participants who reported recent (current use in the past 2 years) post-diagnosis use of aspirin (HR 0·68 [95% CI 0·52–0·89]) and non-aspirin NSAIDs (HR 0·67 [95% CI 0·51–0·87]) had an improved ovarian cancer-specific survival. Any type of analgesic use pre-diagnosis, and post-diagnosis use of paracetamol, were not positively associated with ovarian cancer-specific survival. In analyses of change in analgesic use from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis, those participants who became recent users of aspirin (HR 0·44 [95% CI 0·26–0·74]) or became recent users of non-aspirin NSAIDs (HR 0·46 [95% CI 0·29–0·73]) post-diagnosis had a lower risk of ovarian cancer-specific death than never-users. Interpretation Recent use of aspirin or non-aspirin NSAIDs, defined as current use in the past 2 years, after diagnosis appears to improve ovarian cancer-specific survival. If these results are confirmed in further studies, further research should explore potential synergistic effects of anti-inflammatory medications used in combination with standard ovarian cancer therapies to improve the prognosis for patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Funding National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, The Marsha Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer Research.
Passive ISAR part I: framework and considerations

In part I of a two-part passive imaging series, a comprehensive framework for imaging of air targets with passive radar (PR) systems is developed. All operations necessary to convert raw sample data into two-dimensional imagery are touched on. The bistatic geometries, relatively narrow signal bandwidths, and low centre frequencies of most PR illuminators are considered along with their impact on image formation procedures. The core PR processing stages stemming from the illuminators' waveform properties are also examined within this context. The various stages of translational motion compensation are shown to have significant impact on image quality, while target tracking data aids estimation of the apparent target rotation. In turn, this enables cross-range scaling for more advanced methods of image formation to a known image formation plane. Thus, the established framework establishes necessary operations for extension to the multistatic imaging case. The framework is validated in simulation with parameters in accordance with digital television broadcast signals.
Duration of complete response (DurCR) impacts overall survival (OS) in multiple myeloma (MM).

8045Background: DurCR has a direct impact on progression free survival in MM, but its impact on OS is not well described. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 351 patients with MM from 2004-16 who ...
Reinforcing attitudes in a gatewatching news era: Individual-level antecedents to sharing fact-checks on social media

ABSTRACTDespite the prevalence of fact-checking, little is known about who posts fact-checks online. Based upon a content analysis of Facebook and Twitter digital trace data and a linked online sur...
Escape Only by Thinking: Reinventing the Fred Friendly Seminar for Faculty-to-Faculty Learning at ISA

The original Fred Friendly Seminar was a Socratic dialog intended for expert debate on issues of ethics and public policy. I wanted to apply the format to inter-faculty learning on issues of intern...
Bolshevik Revolution and Disintegration of Soviet/Russian Historical Space in Central Asia

ABSTRACTWith disintegration of Soviet space, the historical narrative also changed. This could well be seen in Central Asia. Here, several narratives emerged.
2346. Cost Savings Associated with Implementation of Clinical Decision Support for Clostridiodes difficile Testing

Background Clinical decision support for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) diagnostics reduces inappropriate testing, leading to decreased need for isolation and antibiotic use. Our institution utilized manual discontinuation by laboratory staff of CDI testing for inappropriate specimens, including formed stool and age < 1 year. We aimed to assess the financial impact of instituting a CDI best practice alert at a quaternary care children’s hospital.