cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Care and Primary Care for Vulnerable Children With Asthma

OBJECTIVE. I tested the hypothesis that, for vulnerable children with asthma, barriers to care (pragmatics, skills, knowledge and beliefs, expectations of care, and marginalization) affect primary care experiences, after accounting for financial, potential, and realized access to care, demographic features, and asthma severity. METHODS. Patients, recruited primarily from urban, federally qualified health centers, were between 3 and 12 years of age and had been diagnosed as having asthma. Bilingual, bicultural interviewers administered surveys in participants9 homes. Validated instruments were used to measure barriers to care (Barriers to Care Questionnaire) and primary care experiences (Parent9s Perceptions of Primary Care measure). RESULTS. Of 252 families recruited, 56.6% of parents were monolingual Spanish speakers, 73.6% of mothers had not graduated from high school, and 24.5% of children were uninsured. Asthma severity was 27% mild persistent, 40.5% moderate persistent, and 32.5% severe persistent. In bivariate analyses, better access to care (being insured and having a regular provider) was related to better primary care experiences. Consistent with the hypothesis, multivariate regression analyses showed that fewer barriers (Barriers to Care Questionnaire scores) predicted better primary care (Parent9s Perceptions of Primary Care total and subscale scores), after controlling for access to care, demographic features, and asthma severity (a 1-point change in Barriers to Care Questionnaire scores was associated with a 0.59-point change in Parent9s Perceptions of Primary Care total scale scores). Having a regular doctor and not having experienced foregone care were also significant predictors of Parent9s Perceptions of Primary Care scores in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION. For vulnerable children with asthma, barriers to care explain variance in primary care characteristics beyond that explained by access, demographic factors, and disease severity.
Lessons learned from SUIT, the simple user interface toolkit

In recent years, the computer science community has realized the advantages of GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces). Because high-quality GUIs are difficult to build, support tools such as UIMSs, UI Toolkits, and Interface Builders have been developed. Although these tools are powerful, they typically make two assumptions: first, that the programmer has some familiarity with the GUI model, and second, that he is willing to invest several weeks becoming proficient with the tool. These tools typically operate only on specific platforms, such as DOS, the Macintosh, or UNIX/X-windows.The existing tools are beyond the reach of most undergraduate computer science majors, or professional programmers who wish to quickly build GUIs without investing the time to become specialists in GUI design. For this class of users, we developed SUIT, the Simple User Iinterface Toolkit. SUIT is an attempt to distill the fundamental components of an interface builder and GUI toolkit, and to explain those concepts with the tool itself, all in a short period of time. We have measured that college juniors with no previous GUI programming experience can use SUIT productively after less than three hours. SUIT is a C subroutine library which provides an external control UIMS, an interactive layout editor, and a set of standard “widgets,” such as sliders, buttons, and check boxes. SUIT-based applications run transparently across the Macintosh, DOS, and UNIX/X platforms. SUIT has been exported to hundreds of external sites on the internet. This paper describes SUIT's architecture, the design decisions we made during its development, and the lessons we learned from extensive observations of over 120 users.
Philosophical Requirements of a Comprehensive D.I. System for Collaborative Modeling

This paper revisits the concept of dialectical inquiry (DI) from the perspective of collaborative modeling for collaboration engineering. It does so by integrating the recent literature with its theoretical and philosophical sources. The connection of DI and the problem framing paradigm is clarified. The paper also establishes the general requirements or desired features of an up-to-date DI system, and evaluates some current systems in light of these criteria.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of a large metastatic carcinoid tumor: success with a note of caution

Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine needle infusion (EUS-FNI) of alcohol is the most reported method for EUS-guided tumor ablation. Several studies have reported successful EUS-guided ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. However, these tumors have been relatively small (
Development and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers for North Pacific albatrosses using paired-end Illumina shotgun sequencing

All three species of North Pacific albatross are vulnerable or near threatened (IUCN 2013) yet microsatellite markers to study their population characteristics are lacking. We employed 250-bp paired-end whole genome shotgun sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform to discover microsatellite markers. We selected 16 candidate loci for screening in 36 Black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes), 12 Laysan (P. immutabilis), and 3 Short-tailed (P. albatrus) albatrosses from which we characterized 15 markers.
A model of stress and strain in the interosseous ligament of the forearm based on fiber network theory

Fiber network theory was developed to describe cloth, a thin material with strength in the fiber directions. The interosseous ligament (IOL) of the forearm is a broad, thin ligament with highly aligned fibers. The objectives of this study were to develop a model of the stress and strain distributions in the IOL, based on fiber network theory, to compare the strains from the model with the experimentally measured strains, and to evaluate the force distribution across the ligament fibers from the model. The geometries of the radius, ulna, and IOL were reconstructed from CT scans. Position and orientation of IOL insertion sites and force in the IOL were measured during a forearm compression experiment in pronation, neutral rotation, and supination. An optical image-based technique was used to directly measure strain in two regions of the IOL in neutral rotation. For the network model, the IOL was represented as a parametric ruled three-dimensional surface, with rulings along local fiber directions. Fiber strains were calculated from the deformation field, and fiber stresses were calculated from the strains using average IOL tensile properties from a previous study. The in situ strain in the IOL was assumed uniform and was calculated so that the net force predicted by the network model in neutral rotation matched the experimental result. The net force in the IOL was comparable to experimental results in supination and pronation. The model predicted higher stress and strain in fibers near the elbow in neutral rotation, and higher stresses in fibers near the wrist in supination. Strains in neutral forearm rotation followed the same trends as those measured experimentally. In this study, a model of stress and strain in the IOL utilizing fiber network theory was successfully implemented. The model illustrates variations in the stress and strain distribution in the IOL. This model can be used to show surgeons how different fibers are taut in different forearm rotation positions-this information is important for understanding the biomechanical role of the IOL and for planning an IOL reconstruction.
Water Flow from Trenches through Different Soils

It is often assumed that soils are homogeneous when designing septic systems or modeling wastewater flow from their trenches. The main objective of this study was to assess water infiltration and movement from the trenches similar to the ones commonly used for on-site wastewater dispersal by septic systems. Four separate experiments, each using a small drainfield with four parallel trenches, were conducted at three sites with different soils. In two experiments the trenches were in the coarse-textured soil above a clayey Bt horizon. In the other two experiments the trenches were in the Bt horizon. For each experiment, 50 L of a solution containing potassium bromide and brilliant blue FCF (as a tracer dye) were applied once a day to each trench for 14 or 15 days. A sampling pit was dug perpendicular to the trenches after the tracer solution application, and the distribution of the tracer dye and Br− around the trenches on the two walls of the pit were assessed. Tracer solution infiltration from the trenche...
Optically-based testing of circuits and devices

Summary form only given. The progress of two of the principal optically based techniques for the testing of circuits and devices-electrooptic and photoconductive sampling-was discussed. The various embodiments of the optically based measurement techniques have bandwidths that approach or exceed 1 THz. They have been used to perform network analysis for the small-signal characterization of HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors) and other high-frequency devices, acquiring S-parameters up to frequencies greater than 100 GHz. Furthermore, since single-picosecond-risetime step functions with significant voltage amplitudes can be routinely generated using short laser pulses, large-signal switching measurements have also been made using optical methods. >
Mounting Evidence for Prediagnostic Use of Statins in Reducing Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer

during follow-up, reporting a relative risk of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.77) among men who were statin users compared with nonusers. The emphasis on lethal prostate cancer in that study was important, given the considerable biologic heterogeneity in metastatic potential of prostate cancer over a man’s life and also because the etiology of lethal prostate cancer clearly differs from that of indolent disease. 3,4 A large fraction of men harbor latent prostate cancer,andwiththehighprevalenceofprostate-specificantigen(PSA) screening in Western populations, most of the diagnosed prostate cancers are indolent in the sense that they never would have otherwise come to clinical attention. Much of the apparent inconsistency among studies on statins and prostate cancer disappears when one distinguishes associations with risk of advanced-stage—or preferably lethal—prostate cancer from overall incidence. A meta-analysis of 27 observational studies publishedin2012reportedapooledrelativeriskof0.93(95%CI,0.87 to 0.99) for total incident prostate cancer and a more pronounced inverse association for advanced disease, with a relative risk of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.90) on the basis of seven studies. 5 One challenge in the interpretation of thefindings is a lack of consistency in the definition of advanced prostate cancer, with investigators using various definitions and often classifying T3a or T2 as advanced. From the perspectiveofetiologyandprevention,weproposethatlethalprostate cancer is the optimal disease end point for epidemiologic investigations. Given the long natural history of prostate cancer, such studies require long-term and complete follow-up of large cohorts of men. Since the publication of the 2012 meta-analysis, five additional epidemiologic studies have reported on associations between statin use and lethal prostate cancer, all suggesting inverse associations. UsingSEERdatainWashingtonstate,Geybelsetal 6 reportedarelative risk of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.56) on the basis of 39 lethal cases in a case-only analysis; thesefindings are notably in contrast with the null resultsforstatinsandPSAprogressioninthesamestudy.Thisisakey issue in prostate cancer research, given that PSA recurrence is an imperfect classifier of the lethal potential of a cancer. In a Danish population registry-based study, statin users had significantly lower rates of prostate cancer mortality, with a relative risk of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.88). 7 However, these results were adjusted only for age and nototherriskfactorsforlethalprostatecancer.Inastudyshowingthat postdiagnostic use of metformin was associated with substantially reducedprostatecancermortalityindiabetics,Margeletal 8 alsonoted
Acid-Adapted Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 Obtained by Experimental Evolution

Enteric bacteria encounter a wide range of pHs throughout the human intestinal tract. We conducted experimental evolution of Escherichia coli K-12 to isolate clones with increased fitness during growth under acidic conditions (pH 4.5 to 4.8). Twenty-four independent populations of E. coli K-12 W3110 were evolved in LBK medium (10 g/liter tryptone, 5 g/liter yeast extract, 7.45 g/liter KCl) buffered with homopiperazine-N,N'-bis-2-(ethanosulfonic acid) and malate at pH 4.8. At generation 730, the pH was decreased to 4.6 with HCl. By 2,000 generations, all populations had achieved higher endpoint growth than the ancestor at pH 4.6 but not at pH 7.0. All evolving populations showed a progressive loss of activity of lysine decarboxylase (CadA), a major acid stress enzyme. This finding suggests a surprising association between acid adaptation and moderation of an acid stress response. At generation 2,000, eight clones were isolated from four populations, and their genomes were sequenced. Each clone showed between three and eight missense mutations, including one in a subunit of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (rpoB, rpoC, or rpoD). Missense mutations were found in adiY, the activator of the acid-inducible arginine decarboxylase (adiA), and in gcvP (glycine decarboxylase), a possible acid stress component. For tests of fitness relative to that of the ancestor, lacZ::kan was transduced into each strain. All acid-evolved clones showed a high fitness advantage at pH 4.6. With the cytoplasmic pH depressed by benzoate (at external pH 6.5), acid-evolved clones showed decreased fitness; thus, there was no adaptation to cytoplasmic pH depression. At pH 9.0, acid-evolved clones showed no fitness advantage. Thus, our acid-evolved clones showed a fitness increase specific to low external pH.
The Role Of Project Success In The Relationship Between Accountability And IS Process Documentation

We report on an experimental study of the impact of outcome bias and accountability on documentation decisions. The subjects, working on an information system development project, decided on how much of the process details (both good and bad) known only to the project team, would be made part of an intra-organizational knowledge database. We find that outcome bias has a significant influence on decisions. Managers of “failure” projects were more inclined to report more of the bad process details than managers of “successful” projects, consistent with attribution theory.
Contingencies of Self-worth and Responses to Negative Interpersonal Feedback

The present research examined effects of receiving negative interpersonal feedback on state self-esteem, affect, and goal pursuit as a function of trait self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth. Two same-sex participants interacted with each other and then received negative feedback, ostensibly from the other participant, or no feedback, regarding their likeability. Participants then reported their state self-esteem, affect, and self-presentation goals—how they wanted to be perceived by others at the moment. Among participants who received negative feedback, those who more strongly based their self-worth on others' approval experienced lower state self-esteem, positive affect, and greater negative affect than those whose self-worth was less contingent on others' approval. Participants with low self-esteem showed greater desire to appear physically attractive to others the more they based self-worth on others' approval and received negative feedback. In contrast, participants with high self-esteem showe...
Wasp-like Agents for Distributed Factory Coordination

Agent-based approaches to manufacturing scheduling and control have gained increasing attention in recent years. Such approaches are attractive because they offer increased robustness against the unpredictability of factory operations. But the specification of local coordination policies that give rise to efficient global performance and effectively adapt to changing circumstances remains an interesting challenge. In this paper, we present a new approach to this coordination problem, drawing on various aspects of a computational model of how wasp colonies coordinate individual activities and allocate tasks to meet the collective needs of the nest. We focus specifically on the problem of configuring parallel multi-purpose machines in a factory to best satisfy product demands over time. Wasp-like computational agents that we call routing wasps act as overall machine proxies. These agents use a model of wasp task allocation behavior, coupled with a model of wasp dominance hierarchy formation, to determine which new jobs should be accepted into the machine's queue. If you view our system from a market-oriented perspective, the policies that the routing wasps independently adapt for their respective machines can be likened to policies for deciding when to bid and when not to bid for arriving jobs. We benchmark the performance of our system on the real-world problem of assigning trucks to paint booths in a simulated vehicle paintshop. The objective of this problem is to minimize the number of paint color changes accrued by the system, assuming no a priori knowledge of the color sequence or color distribution of trucks arriving in the system. We demonstrate that our system outperforms the bidding mechanism originally implemented for the problem as well as another related adaptive bidding mechanism.
Ismaee il Musika - Listen to the Music

This case illuminates my journey through countertransference with an Iraqi family I worked with at a pediatric hospital. By reexamining the foundations of Person Centered Therapy, I was able to set aside my feelings and then finally connect deeply to the child and the aunt. Using music therapy interventions that mainly focused on music listening, both live and recorded, the child and aunt were able to connect to their culture and recover emotionally and physically from a devastating injury.
Resource Provisioning for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based Virtual Passive Optical Networks (VPON)

A virtualization mechanism of passive optical networks (PON) based on optical orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technologies is introduced. A comparison between two types of resource provisioning schemes for virtual PON is studied.
Regulation of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis by gastrin and bone morphogenetic protein signaling.

We reported that transgenic expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibitor noggin in the mouse stomach, leads to parietal-cell (PC) loss, expansion of transitional cells expressing markers of both mucus neck and zymogenic lineages, and to activation of proliferative mechanisms. Because these cellular changes were associated with increased levels of the hormone gastrin, we investigated if gastrin mediates the expression of the phenotypic changes of the noggin transgenic mice (NogTG mice). Three-month-old NogTG mice were crossed to gastrin-deficient (GasKO mice) to generate NogTG;GasKO mice. Morphology of the corpus of wild type, NogTG, GasKO, and NogTG;GasKO mice was analyzed by HEGasKO mice displayed a marked reduction in the number of PCs and ZCs in comparison to NogTG mice. Further, cellular proliferation was significantly lower in NogTG;GasKO mice, than in the NogTG mice. Thus, gastrin mediates the increase in gastric epithelial cell proliferation induced by inhibition of BMP signaling in vivo. Moreover, gastrin and BMP signaling exert cooperative effects on the maturation and differentiation of both the zymogenic and PC lineages. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors involved in the control of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis.
P/NP, and the quantum field computer

The central problem in computer science is the conjecture that two complexity classes, P (polynomial time) and NP (nondeterministic polynomial time—roughly those decision problems for which a proposed solution can be checked in polynomial time), are distinct in the standard Turing model of computation: P ≠ NP. As a generality, we propose that each physical theory supports computational models whose power is limited by the physical theory. It is well known that classical physics supports a multitude of implementation of the Turing machine. Non-Abelian topological quantum field theories exhibit the mathematical features necessary to support a model capable of solving all ⧣P problems, a computationally intractable class, in polynomial time. Specifically, Witten [Witten, E. (1989) Commun. Math. Phys. 121, 351–391] has identified expectation values in a certain SU(2)-field theory with values of the Jones polynomial [Jones, V. (1985) Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 12, 103–111] that are ⧣P-hard [Jaeger, F., Vertigen, D. & Welsh, D. (1990) Math. Proc. Comb. Philos. Soc. 108, 35–53]. This suggests that some physical system whose effective Lagrangian contains a non-Abelian topological term might be manipulated to serve as an analog computer capable of solving NP or even ⧣P-hard problems in polynomial time. Defining such a system and addressing the accuracy issues inherent in preparation and measurement is a major unsolved problem.
Lizard Pheromones: Behavioral Responses and Adaptive Significance in Skinks of the Genus Eumeces

Chemical communication in lizards is a fascinating and theoretically important topic, but our knowledge in this area has until very recently been limited to merely suggestive anecdotal material. Experimental studies have begun to reveal hitherto unsuspected capacities for social discriminations in iguanid lizards (reviewed by Simon, 1983), yet little or no experimental evidence is available on other families, many of which appear to make much more extensive use of the chemical senses. In this article, we review a research program on pheromonal communication in three congeneric skinks. The major emphases have been on social discriminations based on chemical cues, including choice of mates and agonistic opponents, on selective forces underlying the evolution of pheromonal communication (especially sexual selection), and on the anatomical site of pheromone production.
The provenance of a profession : the permanence of the public archives and historical manuscripts traditions in American archival history

This article broadens the definitions used in Richard Berner's Archival Theory and Practice in the United States: A Historical Analysis to distinguish between two competing perspectives within the archival professional community: one that views archivists as members of a larger community of historian-scholars with a responsibility to interpret the documents in their care; and one that defines archivists as information-management professionals with a responsibility to act as "gatekeepers" for the materials under their control. These differing views influenced the establishment and development of archival institutions early in the twentieth century and continue to shape more recent debates concerning the status of archivists as professionals.
Three Forms of Emergent Self-Employment in Post-Soviet Russia: Entry and Exit Patterns by Gender

Data from the 1998 Survey of Employment, Income, andAttitudes in Russia (SEIAR) are used to determine how variables such as gender,age, education, employment status, occupation, and regional characteristicsinfluence entry to and exit from self-employment. First, a distinction is madeamong professional, qualified, and unqualified forms of self-employment, andseparate models of entry to self-employment for women and men are estimated.The data, which are based on the employment histories of survey respondentsbetween the ages of 18 and 60, are then used to discover similarities among thethree forms of employment in terms of their composition and paths ofentry. Analysis of the data reveals that professional self-employment yields thehighest returns for both men and women, qualified and unqualifiedself-employment. However, self-employment also yields returns greater than theearnings of dependent professionals.Education plays an important role inthe path to professional self-employment, as does the influence ofself-employed parents.If success is measured in terms of businesssurvival, self-employed women are less successful than men.Takentogether, the findings suggest that entry to all three forms of self-employmentis weakly structured by the variables examined. However, many of the variablesexert effects that are similar to those found in other countries.(SAA)
Consequences of Adolescent Ethanol Consumption on Risk Preference and Orbitofrontal Cortex Encoding of Reward

Critical development of the prefrontal cortex occurs during adolescence, a period of increased independence marked by decision making that often includes engagement in risky behaviors, such as substance use. Consumption of alcohol during adolescence has been associated with increased impulsivity that persists across the lifespan, an effect which may be caused by long-term disruptions in cortical processing of rewards. To determine if alcohol consumption alters cortical encoding of rewards of different sizes and probabilities, we gave rats limited access to alcohol in gelatin during adolescence only. In adulthood, we recorded the electrophysiological activity of individual neurons of the orbitofrontal cortex while rats performed a risk task that varied the level of risk from day-to-day. Rats that had consumed higher levels of alcohol showed increased risk preference in the task compared with control and low alcohol-consuming rats. Patterns of neuronal responses were identified using principal component analysis. Of the multiple patterns observed, only one was modulated by adolescent alcohol consumption and showed strongest modulation after reward receipt. This subpopulation of neurons showed blunted firing rates following rewards in alcohol-consuming rats, suggesting a mechanism through which adolescent alcohol exposure may have lasting effects on reward processing in the context of decision making. The differences in OFC responses between high alcohol consumers and control animals not given access to alcohol support the idea that, regardless of potential variability in innate alcohol preferences, voluntary consumption of alcohol during adolescence biases choice patterns longitudinally through alterations in cortical function.
LAND COVER AND SEDIMENT LAYERS AS CONTROLS OF INLET BREACHING

Understanding the processes that take place during a storm leading to coastal morphological change has been a challenging topic for coastal engineers. Over the years, many models have been developed to predict the coastal response to storms evolving from the one dimensional empirical models to two or three dimensional process based models. We hypothesized that the predictive capacity of these models can be improved by incorporating the site specific effect of the land cover features that are in place at the time of the storm. In this work, we present a case study of the development of the Pea Island breach, Outer Banks, North Carolina during Hurricane Irene in August 2011. The inclusion of the land cover effects into the model significantly improves the predictive capability of the model results.
NEW APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING THE SEVEREST SEA STATE FROM STATISTICAL DATA

This paper discusses a feature of the generalized gamma distribution which is particularly appropriate for statistical analysis of long-term significant wave height data. The agreement between the cumulative distributions of the data and the generalized gamma distribution is shown to be satisfactory. Methods to estimate the probable extreme sea state (significant wave height) expected in a specified time period as well as the extreme sea state for design consideration of marine systems are presented.
Evolution of Athleta Petrosa Stock (Eocene, Gastropoda) of Texas

Accompanied by 6 foldout plates -- Plate 1 : Occurrence of Athleta petrosa stock in Texas. Plate 2 : Evolution of Athleta petrosa stock. Plate 3 : Summary histograms of measured and computed data. Plate 4 : Fortran Program I for calculating statistical summary of primary and secondary data. Plate 5 : Fortran Program II for plotting scatter diagrams and cumulative curves. Plate 6 : Contoured scatter diagrams of Athleta petrosa stock
Mathematical Models for the Mountain Pine Beetle–Lodgepole Pine Interaction

Mathematical models describing losses of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann) and survival of mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) by life stage were prepared from data covering a 13-yr period. The greatest survival and emergence of beetles/unit area of bark occurred in trees of large diameter. After most trees of large diam were killed, gallery starts and egg production continued to increase. However, larval survival declined and emergence returned to the endemic level. At high densities of gallery starts and inches, beetle survival was low, probably because of excessive competition among larvae and drying of phloem. Under these conditions of stress, the sex ratio appears to shift further in favor of ♀ after most of the large trees are killed. These observations demonstrate the close association of beetle dynamics with diam structure of lodgepole pine stands, and support the theory that epidemics are strongly dependent upon the presence of large trees having thick phloem.
Interpretation of Ji Kang's Tragic Life By Reading the Discipline and Punish

Wei-Jin era,into the world,regime change frequently,as the Ji Kang Wei Chen,the regulation by the WEI Chao-training,but in the Sima's right,"Bushishiwu",not "Mingzhebaoshen" and therefore subject to The punishment of those in power to build their own tragic life.
Fully Developing New Citizen Community Education with Different Measures——Taking Ningbo Jiangbei District for an Example

Community education is a basic way to promote new citizens' quality.By deeply analyzing the current situation and fundamental methods,the paper finds out a series of problems existing in new citizens' education,such as weak publicity,insufficient participation,and provides related measures and suggestions.
Study on genetic polymorphism of human platelet antigens 1 to 16bw in Han population of Henan province

Objective To investigate the allele frequencies of human platelet alloantigens(HPA) in Han population of Henan province,and establish the gene bank of platelet antigens for local population in order to provide experimental evidence for compatible platelet transfusion.Methods The HPA1 to 16bw of 160 unrelated and healthy Henan subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer(PCR-SSP).Results The frequencies of HPA-1 to 6 and HPA-15 were as follows:0.987 5 and 0.012 5 for HPA-1a and 1b,0.946 9 and 0.053 1 for HPA-2a and 2b,0.590 6 and 0.409 4 for HPA-3a and 3b,0.996 9 and 0.003 1 for HPA-4a and 4b,0.990 6 and 0.009 4 for HPA-5a and 5b,0.981 2 and 0.018 8 for HPA-6a and 6b,0.540 6 and 0.459 4 for HPA-15a and 15b.Only a/a homozygosity of HPA7-14bw and HPA-16bw were detectable and both the gene frequencies was 1.000 0.The detected HPA gene frequencies corresponded to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The distribution of HPA gene showed ethnic and regional diversity.Conclusion The heterozygous rate of HPA-15 and HPA-3 were the highest in Han population of Henan province.HPA genotyping could conduce to reduce the incidence of immune thrombocytopenia during transfusion of platelet.
[Neonatal group B streptococcus infection in the Children's Hospital of Gansu Province through PCR array].

Objective To study neonatal Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in The Children′s Hospital of Gansu Province through Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) Array. Method After obtaining the imformed consent from parents or guardians, blood samples of 286 neonates were collected and studied in The Children′s Hospital of Gansu Province from June 2011 to January 2012.DNA of the selected samples was extracted through the method of 5% Chelex-100 + 0.5% NP40 solution.Twenty-five genes were ultimately selected and then 25 pairs of primers were designed respectively through primer-BLAST tool of NCBI database.For every primer, PCR conditions were optimized through the identified GBS, and 25 pairs of primers were arrayed as to be used to study neonatal GBS infection. Result The results of PCR Array showed that the 14 samples were detected positive, accounting for 4.90% of all the selected specimens.As for neonatal GBS infection, the positive rate was 4.55% within 7 days after birth and 5.19% in those older than 7 days.The positive rate of 53 preterm infants was 5.66%.The follow-up survey showed that none of the cases died. Conclusion In the Children′s Hospital of Gansu Province neonatal GBS infection rate was 4.90%, which is similar to the previous domestic reports, but is lower than the reports from Europe and the United States.Studies have shown that the gene expression related to immune evasion has a higher frequency.The present study suggests that the strategy of GBS immune adaptation may play an important role in neonatal GBS infection. Key words: Streptococcus agalactiae; Polymerase chain reaction; Infant, newborn; Infection
In vitro assessment of antineoplastic therapy. New indication for thoracotomy

Selection and determination of the efficacy of antineoplastic agents has been dependent upon the trial and error method of observing measurable disease. Such methods subject the patient not only to loss of precious time but to needless toxicity if the drug is ineffective. The clonogenic assay, an in vitro assessment of tumor cell sensitivity to antineoplastic agents, has the potential for individualizing therapy. In this assay, tumor cells exposed to various drugs are cloned in soft agar. In the 16 primary and 24 metastatic pulmonary tumors tested with this technique, a growth rate of 80% was achieved. Fifty-five percent of the primary tumors and 60% of the metastatic lesions responded in vitro to one or more of the test drugs. There were twelve possible correlations between in vitro and in vivo results. In four of 12 assays, in vivo sensitivity was predicted and three of four patients demonstrated a clinical response. No drug that was inactive in vitro had activity in vivo. Prior knowledge of in vitro sensitivity may dictate a more aggressive surgical approach to pulmonary metastatic disease, whereas in vitro resistance would call for more conservative treatment. Just as with estrogen receptor status in breast cancer, data derived from the clonogenic assay may ultimately be of such import that thoracotomy would be warranted solely for the purpose of obtaining tissue for the assay.
SPF 15: From the Inside

We have talked a bit about large market share firms in SPF 15 industries. The toy industry does not show up on the lists covered in the last chapter (too few firms/observations in our database) but there are few competitive arenas with a more long-standing, powerful market presence than Mattel and Barbie. The firms that did represent this industry fell squarely into the SPF 15 quadrant, with substantive knowledge value and no recognizable CI activity (though we will talk about how this might be changing). So we feel comfortable using the long, detailed legal skirmish between Mattel and MGA Entertainment as an illustrative example of conditions in these types of industries.
Laughing with Psy

Korean popular music or K-pop had long been making waves throughout the world with its new techno music, but somehow it was unable to break into the North American scene. Suddenly, Psy, born Park Jae-sang, managed to break into the Western world with a new music hit, “Gangnam Style.” It quickly climbed the music charts all over the world. People were so mesmerized by the new song, dance, and video throughout the world that it became the first song to hit two billion views on YouTube.
Fixing Food to Fix Families: Feeding Risk Discourse and the Family Meal

ABSTRACTThis article examines mothering rhetorics as they relate to feeding the family. The analysis is grounded in public, popular, and institutional texts about family meals and focus-group data from 31 mothers talking about their experiences and perceptions of family meals. The author demonstrates how family meal discourses work as a reproducing rhetoric that moralizes maternal feeding work. The author argues that family meal discourse is problematic because it obscures the ways in which it is mother-targeted and mother-blaming; suppresses maternal voice and misrepresents family food labor; and regulates maternal activity, and thus identity.
Scalable Spatial Notch Suppression in Spatio-Spectral-Filtering MIMO Receiver Arrays for Digital Beamforming

Large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) technology is drawing significant interest for the next-generation wireless networks. Traditional MIMO receiver architectures use multiple parallel receiver front ends with digitization at every element to support digital space-time array processing. The absence of analog/RF spatial interference mitigation in traditional digital MIMO receiver arrays results in a high dynamic-range requirement, and consequently, power-hungry analog and RF receiver front ends and analog-to-digital converters. This paper presents a scalable 65 nm CMOS 0.1–1.7 GHz spatio-spectral-filtering four-element MIMO receiver array with spatial notch suppression that protects the analog/RF circuits and analog-to-digital converters from spatial interference early in the signal chain. The combination of spatial and spectral filtering results in more than 19 dB rejection irrespective of the frequency at which the spatial blocker is located. The proposed spatial notch suppression technique improves the measured in-band OIP3 from –10 to +24 dBV, and the measured out-of-band IIP3 from +11 to +18 dBm. Furthermore, turning on the spatial notch suppression leads to minimal noise figure degradation. The proposed chip architecture is scalable on board without the need for RF interconnections. A wireless imaging demo shows two of the implemented integrated circuits tiled on board to form an eight-element MIMO receiver array that is able to detect a weak desired signal in the presence of an in-band 15 dB stronger spatial blocker.
A solution for memory collision in semi-parallel FPGA-based LDPC decoder design

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) decoders implementing long blocklength codes require semi-parallel design. One challenge when implementing these codes on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is efficiently storing messages needed in the iteration process. To meet this challenge, a new class of LDPC codes is presented. They combine regularity of implementation with reduction of time needed for decoding process, and do not suffer of any significant performance loss due to their structure.
Going Gray, Failure to Hire, and the Ick Factor: Analyzing How Older Bloggers Talk about Ageism

Ageism is a pervasive, and often invisible, form of discrimination. Though it can affect people of all ages, older adults in particular face age-related stereotypes and bias in their everyday lives. In this paper, we describe the ways in which older bloggers articulate a collective narrative on ageism as it appears in their lives, develop a community with anti-ageist interests, and discuss strategies to navigate and change societal views and institutions. Bloggers criticize stereotypical notions that focus exclusively on losses that occur with age and advocate a view that takes into account the complexity and positive aspects of older adulthood. This paper contributes a unique case of online collective action among older adults while drawing on their online discourse as a way of understanding what ageism means for CSCW.
Evaluating the Clinical Significance of Depression Treatment: Implications for Global Mental Health Research

Depression in the developing world is highly prevalent and associated with a range of negative outcomes, and evidence-based treatments for depression are rarely implemented in resource-poor areas. In recent years, a number of treatment studies of depression have been conducted in developing countries, with promising findings. However, among the indices of outcome assessed in these studies, clinical significance has been largely overlooked. A distinct concept from statistical significance, clinical significance examines whether a treatment makes a demonstrable, clinically meaningful difference to the recipient. This paper first discusses strategies for evaluating the impact of interventions for depression in the West, focusing in particular on various models proposed for evaluating clinical significance. Borrowing from cross-cultural research, we then consider how assessment of treatment outcome can be adapted to reflect a culture-specific understanding of depression in different societies. We argue that t...
Posterior Cortical Atrophy

Posterior cortical atrophy is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects the occipital cortex and is referred to as a “visual variant of Alzheimer’s disease.” PET/MR imaging demonstrates hypometabolism in the parieto-occipital areas with relative sparing of the cingulate gyrus as well as in the bilateral frontal eye field regions. Cortical volume loss is seen later in the disease course.
Integration of Environmental, Social and Governance Metrics into a Student Managed Fund: Creating Sustainable Student Managed Funds

In this paper, we evaluate a university student managed fund, Bryant University’s Archway Investment Fund (AIF), from an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) perspective and develop a framework for integration of ESG metrics for the fund. We motivate why ESG issues are especially relevant to a student managed fund and describe efforts to move the fund to becoming ESG conscious. We utilize the ESG ratings and reports from Sustainalytics ( www.sustainaytics.com) . ESG integration begins with the ESG assessment of the fund holdings followed by an analysis of each sector of the fund. We then offer several ways to improve ESG standing of each sector compared to various benchmarks. We leave materiality issues to be taken up in a follow-up study.
Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events in Childhood

Seizures are the most commonly occurring paroxysmal events of childhood. There are a large number of other disorders, however, that present with discrete attacks separated by symptom-free intervals. The differentiation of these conditions from seizures depends on a willingness to consider alternate diagnoses and a thorough review of the history of the events. Laboratory tests, and especially the electroencephalogram, are aids to diagnosis, but reliance on laboratory data has many pitfalls. The clinical features of the important nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders of childhood are reviewed.
Acquired Whole-lung Mismatched Perfusion Defects on Pulmonary Ventilation/Perfusion Scintigraphy

Despite the increasing use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography to evaluate for pulmonary embolism (PE), ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is still a fairly common examination. A rare finding on V/Q scintigraphy is whole-lung mismatched perfusion defect. Although this finding can occur with PE, it has an important, limited differential diagnosis. In this pictorial essay, we describe different causes of acquired whole-lung mismatched perfusion defect.
Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons prioritize threat probability over fear output.

The brain is hard-wired to detect and respond to threats. Catching sight of a spider or a snake, or hearing an unfamiliar sound in the house at night, can make you freeze momentarily. Multiple regions of the brain contribute to this process. According to the textbook view of threat detection, the amygdala and prefrontal cortex estimate the size of the threat. They then send this information to an area called the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). The vlPAG responds by triggering a fear response such as freezing. But some studies suggest that the vlPAG may do more than just trigger a fear response. To test this idea, Wright and McDannald trained rats to associate three different 10-second tones with different probabilities of receiving a mild electric shock to the foot. One of the tones was followed by a foot shock 100% of the time. Another tone was followed by a foot shock 37.5% of the time, while the third was never followed by a foot shock. The first tone thus signaled danger, the second uncertainty, and the third safety. Wright and McDannald recorded vlPAG activity as the rats heard each of the tones. The recordings revealed two distinct groups of vlPAG neurons. Both groups responded most to the tone that signaled danger, less to the tone that signaled uncertainty, and least to the tone that signaled safety. However, they responded at different times. One group of neurons was most active at the start of the tone. The activity of this group depended upon the degree of threat, and not upon whether the rat showed a fear response. The second group of neurons increased its activity over the course of each tone. The activity of this group mainly reflected the degree of threat, but also represented the rat's fear response to a lesser extent. The vlPAG thus helps to signal the size of a threat, rather than simply generating a fear response. This distinction is important because people with anxiety disorders tend to overestimate threats, and many treatments for anxiety target the brain regions involved in threat estimation. Future studies should examine how the vlPAG works together with other areas, including the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, to evaluate threats. Understanding this circuit in full could ultimately lead to better treatments for phobias and anxiety.
Case 4: Delayed Passage of Meconium, Abdominal Distention, and Emesis in a 2-day-old Girl.

1. Leslie Mataya, MD* 2. Poj Lysouvakon, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL A full-term newborn is delivered via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 38-year-old gravida 5, now para 5005 mother. The mother underwent elective induction of labor for preeclampsia without severe features. The mother received adequate prenatal care, and serologic tests were negative apart from group B Streptococcus colonization, for which she received adequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. The labor and delivery course was uneventful, and Apgar scores were 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, with suction, drying, and stimulation. Birthweight was 3,270 g (appropriate for gestational age); length, 52 cm; and head circumference, 33 cm. For the first 24 hours after delivery, the infant took the bottle well, with minimal regurgitation. The abdomen was soft and nondistended. Now, on postnatal day 2, her intake by mouth is decreased, her abdomen has become firm and distended, and she is having more large-volume emesis that is nonbloody and nonbilious. She has also failed to pass meconium for more than 24 hours. Abdominal radiographs are obtained that show multiple dilated loops of bowel with absence of distal air, …
A Phantom-Based Assessment of Repeatability and Reproducibility of Transvaginal Quantitative Ultrasound

This article evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility (RR logBSC: 0.50–0.68 dB), indicating high measurement precision. These values are small compared to the ranges of AC (0.28–0.99 dB/cm-MHz) and logBSC (−33.16 to −20.35 dB) of the five phantoms. The AC and logBSC biomarkers measured on transvaginal QUS phantoms using the reference phantom method are repeatable, and reproducible between sonographers, transducers, and probe covers.