cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastic springback in plates and beams formed by bending: The springback radius of curvature for plates formed by bending, derived based on the isotropic-hardening model, is compared with a power-law solution, the rectangular-beam solution, and experimental plate and beam data

A plane-strain solution is presented to predict the springback of plates formed by bending. The solution assumes that the strains are small, that the material is an isotropichardening von Mises material, and either that the stress-strain diagrams for tension and compression are identical or that an average diagram can be employed. The plastic portion of each stress-strain diagram is approximated by a finite number of straight lines. Both analytical solutions and experimental evidence indicate that the much simpler plane-stress solution can be used to predict springback for both beams and plates. Experimental data confirm that the type of die has a pronounced effect on the springback for beams and plates if the material exhibits a yield point.
Dietary creatine requirement of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and effects of water salinity on responses to creatine supplementation

Abstract Creatine is a multifunctional organic acid necessary for various physiological processes and is commonly supplemented to improve muscle growth and performance of humans. However, the effects of supplemented creatine in the diets of fishes is unclear. Thus, two feeding trials were conducted to examine the performance of juvenile red drum fed diets supplemented with creatine. The first feeding trial was conducted for 7 weeks, to determine the optimal dietary supplementation of creatine for red drum at low (5 ppt) salinity. Red drum is a euryhaline species and potential benefits of creatine may include enhanced energy utilization during osmoregulation. Therefore, the second trial was a two-part, 12-week, feeding trial. During the first 7 weeks, salinity was maintained at 3 ppt (low salinity), then, for an additional 5 weeks, maintained at 15 ppt (moderate salinity). The basal diet for both feeding trials was formulated to contain 40% crude protein, contributed equally by menhaden fishmeal and soy protein concentrate, and 10% lipid. For trial 1, five experimental diets were derived from the basal diet by supplementing creatine at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, or 4% by weight at the expense of cellulose. The diets for trial 1 were adjusted with a 50/50 blend of aspartate and glutamate to maintain the diets isonitrogenous. For trial 2, the same basal diet and one supplemented with creatine at 2% were prepared with the creatine-supplemented diet adjusted with a 50/50 blend of aspartate and glutamate on an equal-weight basis. In trial 1, significant (P ≤ .05) positive trends were observed in weight gain, feed efficiency, and survivability of fish fed the diets supplemented with creatine. Broken-line regression analysis indicated creatine supplementation at 1.98% of diet provided optimal weight gain of red drum. In trial 2, there was a trending increase in percent weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed the creatine supplemented diet during the moderate salinity portion of the trial, resulting in significant improvements over the 12-week period. Results from these study confirm that red drum benefit from dietary creatine supplementation in practical diets.
Reconfiguration of Upper Airway Stimulation Devices Utilizing Awake Endoscopy.

Objectives Determine the rates of, reasons for, and effectiveness of device reprogramming utilizing in-office awake endoscopy (AE) in subjects who underwent upper airway stimulation (UAS) surgery. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care center on patients implanted with UAS devices from November 2015 to July 2018. Results Sixty patients were implanted with UAS devices. Average pre- and postsurgical total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 40.6 and 4.2 with a 36.4 total AHI reduction. Treatment success based on Sher criteria was observed in 88% of patients. Postoperative titration polysomnography revealed an average functional threshold (FT) and minimum therapeutic amplitude (MTA) of 1.6 and 2.1 V, respectively. A total of 24 AEs were performed in 19 (32%) patients. The most common complaints and reasons for AE were perceived stimulus discomfort (42%), frequent awakenings (32%), and persistent fatigue or non-normalized AHI (21%). After first AE, there was a 0.87 (53%) and 0.93 (45%) V reduction in FT and MTA, respectively. Conclusion Patients with obstructive sleep apnea continue to succeed with UAS. Fewer than one-third of patients had postsurgical complaints requiring device reconfiguration utilizing AE to assess the pharyngeal airway and optimize device settings. Reduction in the FT and MTA after AE may improve compliance by reducing discomfort and frequent awakenings. Periodic monitoring of patients with implanted UAS devices is necessary to optimize efficacy and maintain patient compliance. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:2494-2498, 2020.
Chapter 8 – Implant Application

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews various applications of the successful implants. There are four major factors that are considered to accomplish a successful implant. These factors include: correct indication and favorable anatomic conditions (bone and mucosa), good operative technique, patient cooperation (oral hygiene), and adequate superstructure. The most logical distinctions during the manufacture of medical implants are based on the implant/abutment interface, the body shape, and the implant-to-bone surface. There are two ways to retain the implant restorations—cementation or screwtightening. In the case of high load bearing and fatigues, for devices such as hip prostheses, Ti is the metal of choice because of its combination of strength, corrosion resistance, light weight, good biotribological property, and biocompatibility. There are three major required compatibilities for placed implants to exhibit biointegration to receiving hard tissue and biofunctionality. They include: biological compatibility (biocompatibility), mechanical compatibility (mechanocompatibility), and morphological compatibility. The biological performance of dental and orthopedic implants depends on factors, such as composition, design, surface topography, sterilization, and surgical technique.
Celebrating a momentous milestone.

A seismic event in neurointerventional history occurred on March 6, 1990. This was the day that the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) was first used in the treatment of a patient with a carotid cavernous fistula resulting from a ruptured cavernous aneurysm. This technology defined the era of modern neurointerventional surgery. The collision of clinical curiosity, engineering persistence, and industry support that occurred in that era created a cooperative model that has propelled our field. Recently, the JNIS received an email from Dr Guido Guglielmi in which he reminded us of this auspicious date and provided us fascinating, as well as humorous, anecdotes of those heady days. He included several photos of his collaborators as well as drawings of the GDC prototype (figure 1). On the day of the 30th anniversary, Dr Guglielmi emailed from his home in Rome many of his collaborators to share his fond recollections and to thank them for their contributions to this monumental accomplishment. This anniversary occurred during the height of the COVID-19 crisis in Italy. Figure 1 (A) Guglielmi and John Robert in the UCLA animal laboratory. (B–E) The 'compagni di avventura' or adventure companions: Guglielmi, Fernando Vinuela, Ivan Sepetka, and John Robert. (F) Guglielmi donning a 'classic' shirt at his home in Rome on the evening of the 30th anniversary of the …
Juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats' enuretic model induced by intermittent hypoxia exposure

Objective To establish juvenile rats' enuretic model induced by intermittent hypoxia exposure. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats (20 days old) with an average weight of 45±2.7g were randomly distributed into intermittent hypoxia (IH) group and control group (n=12 for each). The IH group was exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 4 weeks; meanwhile, the control group was exposed to air. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and urination frequency under awareness or sleeping status were recorded on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th days of the experiment.Results The EEG recorded under awareness was different from that recorded under sleeping status. No pathological wave was recorded under either awareness or sleeping status. Enuresis occurred on 12 IH rats due to arousal response dysfunction. After withdrawing IH, no enuresis reoccurred on these rats. No enuresis was noted in control group (P＜0.05). In the 3rd and 4th weeks, urination under awareness of IH group was more frequent than that of control group (P＜0.05); intermittent urination was also found in IH group.Conclusions Arousal response dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in IH rats are similar with the clinical characteristics of enuretic children. Key words: Enuresis; Models,animal; Anoxia
A mean–variance acreage model

We study a mean–variance acreage model, A=α(E[p],V[p]), where p is price at harvest time and E and V are the expectation and variance operators conditional on information known at planting time. Un...
Synthesis of guaipyridine alkaloids (±)-cananodine and (±)-rupestines D and G using an intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction

Abstract The guaipyridine alkaloids cananodine, rupestine D and rupestine G were synthesized in six steps or less from readily available 3-(allyloxy)-2-(bromomethyl)-6-methylpyridine. Key steps in the synthesis include an enolate alkylation of the aforementioned substituted picolyl bromide and an intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction to form the seven-membered carbocycle of the target compounds.
Risk of peri-operative complications in children receiving preoperative steroids

Steroid use predisposes adult patients to increased perioperative complications including wound dehiscence and delayed wound healing. A similar large study investigating the perioperative impact of steroid use in pediatric patients has not been performed. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Pediatric Database was queried from 2012–2017 to identify patients who received steroid preoperatively. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical variables, and outcomes were compared between cohorts. Patients were propensity score matched and thirty-day adverse events were compared. Of 425,251 pediatric surgery patients, 9716 (2.3%) received preoperative steroids. Pediatric patients treated with steroids were older and had more comorbidities. After propensity score matching, the steroid population had a significantly higher rate of adverse events, including prolonged hospital stay (15.3% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001), seizure (0.9% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001), readmission (14.4% vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001), and death (2.2% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001). Preoperative steroid use is independently associated with increased 30-day postoperative adverse events among pediatric patients. Given the significant impact of steroid use on surgical outcomes, the risks and benefits of steroid treatment in children receiving surgery should be carefully evaluated.
Stage-Based Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders

This chapter will focus on stage-based interventions for substance use disorders. Clients with substance use disorders may be in various stages of change in regard to their motivation and intention for changing their substance use behaviors. Tailoring treatment approaches to a client’s particular stage of change can help them reduce the harms associated with substance use, increase their motivation for change, and learn skills designed to help them reduce or eliminate their use and prevent relapse. This chapter will organize three general sets of interventions found to be effective for substance use disorders according to the transtheoretical model of change: (1) harm reduction approaches for persons in the precontemplation stage; (2) motivational interviewing for clients in contemplation and preparation stages; and (3) brief cognitive behavioral treatments for clients in the action and maintenance stages of change. The principles, philosophies, theoretical orientations, and practices for each approach will be reviewed in detail and illustrated using case vignettes.
Evaluation of an Interprofessional Learning Experience for Telephone Consultations.

Background and Purpose There is limited training for healthcare students in the performance of telephone consultations. To facilitate communication between healthcare professionals when face-to-face interactions are not possible, a telephone consultation simulation was developed. The simulation involved students in a doctor of physical therapy program and senior medical students. This study aimed to explore the development and suitability of a simulated case with a focus on interprofessional telephone consultation. Methods A convenience sample of 28 physical therapy students and 38 medical students from two institutions in southwest Virginia participated in the simulation experience. To assess the outcomes of the simulation on interprofessional communication, the IPASS verbal handoff assessment was performed by the participants and focus group interviews occurred immediately following the experience. In addition, an assessment of key information provided during the conversation was performed for each of the seven interprofessional groups. Results Students demonstrated near perfect agreement on the IPASS assessment. Five of the seven interprofessional groups perceived that they were able to communicate key information and collectively agree upon a recommendation for the continuation of the patient assessment. The two groups that demonstrated more difficulty with communication appeared to struggle with communicating the patient's past medical history relevant to the current situation, despite the majority of students feeling confident in their communications. In addition, two themes were presented during the interprofessional focus group interviews: 1) clear communication to maintain patient safety and 2) efficiently conveying the patient's background. Discussion The health professions students participating in the scenario were able to consistently note the communication skills observed and reflect upon the need for clear communication between providers during a patient consultation. Key components of an efficient telephone consultation were identified, along with opportunities to improve this type of interaction between health professionals.
Optimization with the OpenACC-to-FPGA framework on the Arria 10 and Stratix 10 FPGAs

Abstract The reconfigurable computing paradigm with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has received renewed interest in the high-performance computing field due to FPGAs’ unique combination of performance and energy efficiency. However, difficulties in programming and optimizing FPGAs have prevented them from being widely accepted as general-purpose computing devices. In accelerator-based heterogeneous computing, portability across diverse heterogeneous devices is also an important issue, but the unique architectural features in FPGAs make this difficult to achieve. To address these issues, a directive-based, high-level FPGA programming and optimization framework was previously developed. In this work, developed optimizations were combined holistically using the directive-based approach to show that each individual benchmark requires a unique set of optimizations to maximize performance. We perform this exploration on Intel Arria 10 and Stratix 10 FPGAs. We also explored the relationships between performance, resource usages, and compilation times, and investigated implications for performance portability. Finally, we present an initial evaluation of a real-world proxy application, LULESH.
Dynamically Adjustable PID for Adaptive Motion Control: PID++ Algorithm Introduction and Applications

The Holy Grail of Robotic Motion Control is the implementation of an algorithm which is humanlike in operation and low in computational cost. Today, most robotic motion control approaches are highly sophisticated and by implication, computationally costly. A proposed new algorithm, with the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) at its heart, called the PID++, will achieve humanlike control while being computationally lightweight. This relatively simple algorithm will have the speed and precision of a machine and have characteristics that are unmistakably human. Unlike current robotic motion control algorithms that are tedious at best to implement, lacking in automatic situational adaptability, and tending to be static in nature, the PID++ algorithm will be just the opposite. The PID++ algorithm will be a radically new, simple, and computationally lightweight approach to humanoid motion control, using periodic, minor adjustments and basic arithmetic, based on the real-time encoder position input, to achieve a stable, precise, controlled, dynamic, adaptive control system, for linear motion control, in any direction regardless of load. This algorithm will be complete in its implementation, and truly dynamic and adaptive by design. Engineers will be able to use this algorithm in commercial, industrial, biomedical, and space applications alike. Motion control will be easy to implement on even the smallest microcontrollers (MCU) using a single command interface and without the need of reprogramming or reconfiguration. This paper discusses potential PID++ applications.
Deep Learning based Phaseless SAR without Born Approximation

In this paper, we present a phase retrieval approach from intensity measurements using a Deep Learning (DL) based Wirtinger Flow (WF) algorithm for the case where the measurement model is non-linear, and this non-linearity depends on the unknown signal. In the context of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), this is relevant to the image reconstruction problem for the scenario where the Born approximation is no longer valid which results in multi-scattering effect within the extended target being imaged. Since we are adopting WF for DL based imaging, the underlying optimization problem is non-convex. However, unlike the WF algorithm, the unknown image is estimated from the measurement intensities in a learned encoding space with the goal of achieving effective reconstruction performance. The overall DL network is composed of an encoding network for determining a suitable initial value in the transformed space, a recurrent neural network (RNN) that models the steps of a gradient descent algorithm for an optimization problem, and a decoding network that can incorporate the generative image prior and transforms the encoded estimation from the RNN output to the original image space. Numerical results are included to verify feasibility of the proposed approach.
Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury

Approximately 10–20 % of patients admitted to burn centers in the U. S. are diagnosed with inhalation injury, and the incidence of inhalation injury is directly related to burn size [1]. Inhalation injury, along with age and total body surface area (TBSA) burn, is also one of the factors contributing to the morbidity and mortality of patients with burn injury; inhalation injury has been reported to increase mortality two-fold [2–5]. The accurate and timely diagnosis of inhalation injury is key to predicting and improving outcomes for the patient with burn injury. One of the major challenges in the diagnosis of inhalation injury is that exposure to smoke and heat result in nonhomogeneous injuries that vary by location and type of insult. Hence, inhalation injury is a term used to define multiple different types of airway injury, each of which has unique diagnostic and treatment implications. The purpose of this article is to describe the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the different forms of inhalation injury.
Dismantling Public Housing, Reconstructing the Lives of Children

Just as the lives of adults may be turned upside down when a move is made from public housing, so too may be the lives of children. Over the course of 5 years, mothers relocated out of a housing development in the southwest U.S. participated in surveys and focus groups, discussing among many topics the lives of their children after the move. Mothers talked about their children's behaviour, the lack of play spaces, their children experiences in their schools, and the schools' responses. The mothers offered insights into ways to ease the relocation process and make the new space home.
Integral Points on Punctured Abelian Surfaces

We study the density of integral points on punctured abelian surfaces. Linear growth rates are observed experimentally.
The Strategy of Perception in Third Party Interventions

To attract support or to deter intervention, factions involved in an ongoing civil conflict have strategic incentives for strategizing on their image in the eyes of a potential intervening party. While the importance of perception in triadic conflicts is well understood, there is little scholarship on the strategy of images on the side of the conflictual dyad and the pursuing perception among the foreign public as well as the elite. We outline the mechanism, emphasize the importance of ideational considerations in foreign interventions, and finally single out an equilibrium in which warring parties aim at creating ambiguous images of their political identities. In addition to proposing a simple stylization, we provide empirical evidence from the Russian and Iranian Revolutions, as well as other interventions during the Cold War and after.
Sites of instability in the human TCF3 (E2A) gene adopt G-quadruplex DNA structures in vitro.

The formation of highly stable four-stranded DNA, called G-quadruplex (G4), promotes site-specific genome instability. G4 DNA structures fold from repetitive guanine sequences, and increasing experimental evidence connects G4 sequence motifs with specific gene rearrangements. The human TCF3 gene (also termed E2A) is subject to genetic instability associated with severe disease, most notably a common translocation event t(1;19) associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The sites of instability in TCF3 are not randomly distributed, but focused to certain sequences. We asked if G4 DNA formation could explain why TCF3 is prone to recombination and mutagenesis. Here we demonstrate that sequences surrounding the major t(1;19) break site and a region associated with copy number variations both contain G4 sequence motifs. The motifs identified readily adopt G4 DNA structures that are stable enough to interfere with DNA synthesis in physiological salt conditions in vitro. When introduced into the yeast genome, TCF3 G4 motifs promoted gross chromosomal rearrangements in a transcription-dependent manner. Our results provide a molecular rationale for the site-specific instability of human TCF3, suggesting that G4 DNA structures contribute to oncogenic DNA breaks and recombination.
Support for reliability in self-organizing sensor networks

As wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly common, distributed embedded applications will exploit these sensor networks not only for information dissemination, but also for in-network processing and other distributed computation, such as sensor fusion, classification, and collaborative target tracking. However, sensor nodes are prone to failure, insufficient energy supply, high error rate, and mobility. Three main distributed services are important for maintaining reliability in distributed sensor network, in spite of these failures - distributed lookup services, composition service and dynamic adaptation service. In particular, the dynamic adaptation service collaborates with the distributed lookup service to monitor failures in the sensor nodes and manages the correct schedule of procedures for recovering from the failure. Developers may define their own detection algorithms for other changes, including available services in the sensor network, migration of sensor nodes, and changes in task and network requirements. The procedures for maintaining the level of reliability required for the application are specified by the application programmers. These distributed services execute over a diffusion network layer that alleviate some of the problems of mobility, disconnection, dynamic reconfiguration, and limited power.
Relativistic rescattering effects in atoms and ions in ultra-intense fields

Strong field laser photoionization measurements of neon at 1017 W/cm2 reveal a suppression of non-sequential ionization. The decrease is consistent with a rescattering model, which includes the laser magnetic field and e-2e inelastic collision cross-sections.
Anorexia nerviosa en niños y adolescentes (Parte 1): criterios diagnósticos, historia, epidemiología, etiología, fisiopatología, morbilidad y mortalidad

SUMMARY A review of anorexia nervosa among children and adolescents (Part 1) is provided for practicing pediatricians, current diagnostic criteria for the disorder are described, as well as its history, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, morbidity and mortality.
Effects of renal denervation on postprandial sodium excretion in experimental heart failure

The hormonal, hemodynamic and renal excretory changes after an oral load of sodium were examined in renal-denervated dogs with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula and the syndrome of compensated high-out...
Therapy Management: Concept, Reality, Process

“Therapy management” (diagnosis, selection, and evaluation of treatment, as well as support of the sufferer) and “therapy management group” (the set of individuals who take charge of therapy management with or on behalf of the sufferer) are two concepts developed in medical anthropological research in Central Africa and reported in The Quest for Therapy in Lower Zaire (Janzen 1978). The concepts are described in terms of their historical development, subsequent reception by reviewers, and use by later researchers in the analysis of a range of subjects in medical anthropology. “Therapy management” holds promise for contextually sensitive analyses of the relationships among cultural assumptions and values, behavioral processes, and social and economic structures that influence the therapeutic process.
Another Mouth to Feed? The Effects of (In)Fertility on Malnutrition

Does high fertility contribute to child malnutrition in poor countries? We test this hypothesis using unanticipated fertility reductions caused by secondary infertility. Though not randomly assigned, we argue that infertility should be largely exogenous with respect to children's nutrition; or to the extent there is any correlation, we expect infertile couples to have less healthy children, biasing against our test. Using panel data from India, we find that children whose parents experience infertility are less likely to be underweight. The effects are large, and suggest that one-third of India's recent decline in malnutrition may be attributable to fertility reductions. (JEL codes: I15, J13, O15) Copyright The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Ifo Institute, Munich. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Description of Himalayan Mosquito Pupae III, Ochlerotatus albolateralis and Ochlerotatus deccanus

The pupae of Ochlerotatus albolateralis and Oc. deccanus are described and illustrated for the first time from specimens collected in the Himalayan Mountains in Nepal, breeding in tree holes and bamboo stumps. Chaetotaxal tables and illustrations show the morphology of their setae. Characters to recognize each species are explained.
The Computation of Shadow Prices in Linear Programming

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that when degeneracy is present in an optimal basic solution to a linear programming problem, the optimal values of the dual variables do not necessarily correspond to shadow prices. In such instances, major commercial L.P. packages (such as IBM's MPS and MPSX) may provide misleading information about the shadow prices. It will be shown how the actual values of the shadow prices may be determined, and the nature of the relationship between shadow prices and dual variables will be discussed.
Validation of a methodology to determine female white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836) habitat use within a riverscape during the spawning season

Summary The objective was to use hydrologic and bathymetric models for the riverscape of the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA and integrate these data with radio telemetry locations of two female white Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836, during the spawning season. The detailed analysis of habitat features and models provided an enhanced understanding of the habitat preferences of spawning White Sturgeon, which could be used to protect or enhance the habitat. Hydrologic models will also provide a basis to incorporate a larger sample of fish in the future. The White Sturgeon habitats were studied during the 2002 and 2003 spawning seasons. Depth sensitive radio transmitters, geographic positioning systems, single-beam and multibeam echo sounders and multidimensional surface water modeling were used to identify similarities and dissimilarities in the habitat selection of the two monitored female White Sturgeon. The movements of the two fish were not randomly distributed; both fish spent a significant amount of time swimming near the river bottom and thalweg or resting near the river bottom (within 20% of the lower water column [6–9 m]). Mahalanobis distances quantitatively described the similarities between select habitat features of depth, river velocity and riverbed slope at the studied locations and compared the entire spawning reach. The fish occupied sites previously identified as spawning locations. Both fish selected similar depth, median velocity (0.3 m s−1) and bank preferences, avoiding the shallow water on the inside of meander bends and tending to stay in the deeper water on the outside of meanders. They exhibited a tendency to occupy intermediate velocities in parts of the river where the ratio of the velocity at the fish to the maximum velocity in the channel cross-section was >0.25 and <0.75. Some of the differences in habitat selection were likely due to the larger river discharge in 2002 compared to 2003, the length of time each fish was monitored, and the length of the spawning reach occupied by each fish. Some of the differences could, however, have been due to individual preferences. A larger sample size will greatly enhance studies.
Librando: transparent code randomization for just-in-time compilers

Just-in-time compilers (JITs) are here to stay. Unfortunately, they also provide new capabilities to cyber attackers, namely the ability to supply input programs (in languages such as JavaScript) that will then be compiled to executable code. Once this code is placed and marked as executable, it can then be leveraged by the attacker.Randomization techniques such as constant blinding raise the cost to the attacker, but they significantly add to the burden of implementing a JIT. There are a great many JITs in use today, but not even all of the most commonly used ones randomize their outputs.We present librando, the first comprehensive technique to harden JIT compilers in a completely generic manner by randomizing their output transparently ex post facto. We implement this approach as a system-wide service that can simultaneously harden multiple running JITs. It hooks into the memory protections of the target OS and randomizes newly generated code on the fly when marked as executable.In order to provide "black box" JIT hardening, librando needs to be extremely conservative. For example, it completely preserves the contents of the calling stack, presenting each JIT with the illusion that it is executing its own generated code. Yet in spite of the heavy lifting that librando performs behind the scenes, the performance impact is surprisingly low. For Java (HotSpot), we measured slowdowns by a factor of 1.15x, and for compute-intensive JavaScript (V8) benchmarks, a slowdown of 3.5x.For many applications, this overhead is low enough to be practical for general use today.
ADVANCED MICROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE SMALL SATELLITE SYSTEMS

Future small satellite systems for both Earth observation as well as deep-space exploration are greatly enabled by the technological advances in deep sub-micron microelectronics technologies. Whereas these technological advances are being fueled by the commercial (non-space) industries, more recently there has been an exciting new synergism evolving between the two otherwise disjointed markets. In other words, both the commercial and space industries are enabled by advances in low-power, highly integrated, miniaturized (low-volume), lightweight, and reliable real-time embedded systems. Recent announcements by commercial semiconductor manufacturers to introduce Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology into their commercial product lines is driven by the need for high-performance low-power integrated devices. Moreover, SOI has been the technology of choice for many space semiconductor manufacturers where radiation requirements are critical. This technology has inherent radiation latch-up immunity built into the process, which makes it very attractive to space applications. In this paper, we describe the advanced microelectronics and avionics technologies under development by NASA's Deep Space Systems Technology Program (also known as X2000). These technologies are of significant benefit to both the commercial satellite as well as the deep-space and Earth orbiting science missions. Such a synergistic technology roadmap may truly enable quick turn-around, low-cost, and highly capable small satellite systems for both Earth observation as well as deep-space missions.
Effects of forced flow, noncondensables, and variable properties on film condensation of pure and binary vapors at the forward stagnation point of a horizontal cylinder

Abstract An analytical investigation of the effects of forced flow, noncondensable gas, and variable thermophysical properties on laminar film condensation of pure and binary vapors at the forward stagnation point of a horizontal cylinder is presented. Condensation heat transfer results are obtained for a broad range of parameters including the oncoming bulk velocity ( u ∞ = 1–100 ft/s), saturation pressure ( P ∞ = 49–760 Torr), wall-to-bulk temperature difference ( T ∞ − T w = 0.3–40° F ), mass fraction noncondensable gas ( m 1,∞ = 0.01–0.15), and cylinder radius ( R = 0.25–1.5 in.). As expected, the deleterious effects of noncondensable gas on q / q Nu ( q Nu is the classical Nusselt solution for pure vapor) under quiescent conditions are markedly less severe with forced flow. (For steam-air mixtures, with 0.01 ⩽ m 1, ∞ ⩽ 0.15, q / q Nu approximately doubles as u ∞ increases from 1 to 10 ft/s.) As was true for the flat plate results of Minkowycz and Sparrow, q / q Nu passes through a maximum as T ∞ − T w increases; here, the maxima occur at higher T ∞ − T w and are more pronounced. For binary film condensation of steam-methanol mixtures, it is found that q / q Nu ( q Nu is the classical Nusselt solution for pure steam) sharply decreases with increasing bulk concentration of (more volatile) methanol; the effect is similar to that for noncondensable gas. Guided by the numerical results, a simplified theory is developed which is in good agreement with the heat and mass transfer conductances.
Galapagos hydrothermal alteration zone found

In October 1985, a unique outcrop of an alteration zone beneath an extinct massive sulfide deposit was discovered by ALVIN on the Galapagos Ridge at 0°45′N, 85°50′W. This location is about 20 km east of the easternmost of the warm water Galapagos vents (the original ridge crest vent site discovered in 1977). The massive sulfide body, discovered in 1980, consists primarily of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and minor sphalerite. At that time the site was recognized to offer great potential for examining the third dimension of a ridge crest sulfide deposit because of the extensive syn- and postdepositional faulting that had taken place in the area. The 1985 expedition was designed to map the deposit in detail and to examine the fault scarps for stockworklike alteration zones. In addition, deep tow magnetics and ALVIN-based electrical resistivity experiments were carried out.
640x512 pixel narrowband, multiband, and broadband LWIR QWIP focal plane arrays

A 640x512 pixel, long-wavelength cutoff, narrow-band (Δλ/λ~10%) quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA), a four-band QWIP FPA in 4-16 μm spectral region, and a broad-band (Δλ/λ~42%) QWIP FPA having 15.4 μm cutoff have been demonstrated. In this paper we discuss the detector designs, dark currents, quantum efficiencies, responsivities, detectivities, noise equivalent differential temperatures (NEDTs), the effect of FPA nonuniformity on performance, and the operabilities of these QWIP FPAs. In addition, we discuss the development of a very sensitive (NEDT~10.6 mK) 640x512 pixel thermal imaging camera having 9 μm cutoff.
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL CLEARANCE OF TYPE III GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI OPSONIZED WITH TYPE III SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES OF IgM OR IgG2a ISOTYPES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT MODEL

We showed previously that type specific monoclonal antibodies of IgM and IgG2a isotypes afford excellent protection against group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in a neonatal rat model. The protective efficacy of these antibodies is associated with an enhanced neutrophil response in neonatal rats. In the present studies we investigated splenic, hepatic and lung uptake of type III GBS opsonized with125I labelled IgM or IgG2a monoclonal antibodies using neonatal as well as 8 and 17 day old rats. After inoculation of antibody treated GBS, 48 hour old rats demonstrated predominantly splenic uptake, greatest from 30 minutes to 4 hours. Little uptake occurred in the liver or lung at any time point. For infected 8 day rats, the spleen was the major site of uptake at 30 minutes but hepatic uptake predominated at 2 and 4 hours. Seventeen day rats, which are resistant to overwhelming GBS infection, demonstrated radiolabelled antibody treated bacterial uptake in equal amounts in the spleen, liver and lung at each time point. In contrast to younger rats, 17 day rats had peak uptake by 2 hours followed by a rapid decline at 4 and 8 hours postinfection. These studies indicate that the reticuloendothelial system is a major site for phagocytic clearance of GBS in neonatal rats and that it functions less efficiently than in older rats who do not die from GBS infection.
Bromelain exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of allergic airway disease.

Objective Bromelain, a clinically used pineapple extract and natural product, has reported anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bromelain treatment in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD).
The effect of correlation on the surface potential of a free electron metal

Abstract A one-electron Hamiltonian including correlation corrections is derived using the Bohm-Pines formalism. The total energy of the system is found using a product wave function of a plasmon ground state and a Slater determinant of one-electron wave functions. From this the oneelectron Hamiltonian with correlation is developed and applied to the calculation of the electronic potential energy in the surface region of a free electron metal. One term is the usual exchange integral except for the appearance of a screening factor. This screened exchange potential is evaluated in the surface and interior of the metal for several values of the screening parameter and for two different forms of the screening factor. It is found that the effect of correlation is to raise the one-electron potential energy but that the general shape near the surface remains similar to that found by Juretschke.
Colorimetric characterization of pearlescent coatings

This paper describes recent developments at the National Institution of Standards and Technology in the colorimetric characterization of pearlescent coatings. The goal of this research is to develop a measurement protocol for the accurate color characterization of these coatings using an understanding of their scattering mechanism as a guide. The bi-directional reflectance of a series of samples has been measured for the visible region at incident angle of 15°, 25°, 45°, 65°, and 75° and viewing angles of +/- 80° at 5° steps. This large ensemble of measurements show general trends in the color variations with incident and viewing angles that are being used to define a preliminary subset of measuring geometries that will provide sufficient information to characterize the angle dependent color travel in pearlescent coatings.
Regulatory analysis of pollutant emissions, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs), from the stacks of municipal waste combustors

Abstract Municipal waste combustors (MWCs) are known to emit into the air quantities of CDDs, CDFs and other carcinogenic and toxic organic and inorganic compounds from the stack. In support of a regulatory determination, an impact analysis, including a quantitative risk assessment of 13 pollutants in the air emissions, was conducted to evaluate the impacts of further controls on emissions. This paper describes the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulatory analysis of dioxins and other pollutant emissions from MWCs, and discusses the Agency's findings.
Some Southwestern Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera)

Collecting in New Mexico during the summer of 1945 resulted in the discovery of three new species of the orthopterous family Gryllacrididae. One of these is a Ceuthophilus ; the other two belong to the little known genera Ammobaenetes and Daihiniodes . To Dr. T. H. Hubbell I am indebted for the loan of material of Daihiniodes hastiferum (Rehn) and a pair of A mmobaenetes phrixocnemoides which he had compared with Caudell's type. Inasmuch as the type of A. phrixocnemoides is a female from Mesilla Park, New Mexico, and Hubbell's specimens are from Oklahoma there is still a possibility that the two regions harbor more than a single species but discovery of adult males from Mesilla Park is necessary for complete solution of the matter. Nevertheless, the specimens treated below seem certainly to represent a new form for which taxonomic practice requires a name even though further collecting may reveal it to be a subspecies.
The Effect of the Vertical Source Distribution on Scalar Statistics within and above a Forest Canopy

Little is known about in-canopy processes that may alter forest–atmosphere exchanges of trace gases and aerosols. To improve our understanding of in-canopy mixing, we use large-eddy simulation to study the effect of scalar source/sink distributions on scalar concentration moments, fluxes, and correlation coefficients within and above an ideal forest canopy. Scalars are emitted from: (1) the ground, (2) the canopy, and (3) both the ground and the canopy; a scalar is also deposited onto the canopy. All scalar concentration moments, fluxes, and correlation coefficients are affected by the source location/distribution, as is the scalar segregation intensity. We conclude that vertical source/sink distribution has a profound impact on scalar concentration profiles, fluxes, correlation coefficient, and scalar segregation.
TU-C-12A-12: Differentiating Bone Lesions and Degenerative Joint Disease in NaF PET/CT Scans Using Machine Learning

Purpose: [F-18]NaF PET can be used to image bone metastases; however, tracer uptake in degenerative joint disease (DJD) often appears similar to metastases. This study aims to develop and compare different machine learning algorithms to automatically identify regions of [F-18]NaF scans that correspond to DJD. Methods: 10 metastatic prostate cancer patients received whole body [F-18]NaF PET/CT scans prior to treatment. Image segmentation resulted in 852 ROIs, 69 of which were identified by a nuclear medicine physician as DJD. For all ROIs, various PET and CT textural features were computed. ROIs were divided into training and testing sets used to train eight different machine learning classifiers. Classifiers were evaluated based on receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). We also assessed the added value of including CT features in addition to PET features for training classifiers. Results: The training set consisted of 37 DJD ROIs with 475 non-DJD ROIs, and the testing set consisted of 32 DJD ROIs with 308 non-DJD ROIs. Of all classifiers, generalized linear models (GLM), decision forests (DF), and support vector machines (SVM) had the best performance. AUCs of GLM (0.929), DF (0.921), and SVM (0.889) were significantly highermore » than the other models (p<0.001). GLM and DF, overall, had the best sensitivity, specificity, and PPV, and gave a significantly better performance (p<0.01) than all other models. PET/CT GLM classifiers had higher AUC than just PET or just CT. GLMs built using PET/CT information had superior or comparable sensitivities, specificities and PPVs to just PET or just CT. Conclusion: Machine learning algorithms trained with PET/CT features were able to identify some cases of DJD. GLM outperformed the other classification algorithms. Using PET and CT information together was shown to be superior to using PET or CT features alone. Research supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation.« less
Effect of nest temperature on egg-brooding dynamics in Children's pythons

Abstract Parental care meets several critical needs of developing offspring. In particular, egg brooding in pythons is an exceptional model for examining environmental influences on specific parental behaviors because brooding behaviors are dynamic yet simple and modulate embryonic temperature, respiration, and water balance. We used captive Children's pythons ( Antaresia childreni ) to assess their facultative endothermic capability, the influence on egg-brooding behaviors of the gradient between the nest temperature ( T nest ) and clutch temperature ( T clutch ), and the effect of these behaviors on the developmental micro-environment. We monitored maternal egg-brooding behavior, rates of brooding unit (i.e., female and associated clutch) respiratory gas exchange, T nest , T clutch , and intra-clutch oxygen tension (PO 2 clutch) during acute changes among four incubation temperature conditions: constant preferred temperature (31.5 °C); ‘cooling’ ( T nest T clutch ); constant cool temperature (25.6 °C); and ‘warming’ ( T nest > T clutch ). We demonstrated that A. childreni are not facultatively endothermic because brooding unit temperature coefficient ( Q 10 ) for V O2 and V CO2 was similar to other ectothermic boid snakes (1.9–5.7) and T clutch conformed to T nest at the constant, cool temperature treatment. Females coiled tightly around eggs more often during cooling than during warming. Further, the amount of time that females spent tightly coiled during warming significantly affected the T nest – T clutch gradient. Together these results indicate that, although female A. childreni are not facultatively endothermic, they are capable of assessing the T nest – T clutch gradient and making behavioral adjustments to enhance the thermal micro-environment of their developing offspring.
Controlling the cavity field with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in three-level atoms

We experimentally demonstrate cavity field control by another laser beam with three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type atoms inside an optical ring cavity. By adjusting the frequency detuning of the controlling beam (coupled to one of the atomic transitions), the intensity of the cavity field interacting with another atomic transition is switched on and off. Such all-optical switching between two steady states is caused by the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence in such system.