cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplified Bethe-Salpeter equation for positronium☆

Abstract The Bethe-Salpeter equation for a fermion-antifermion system, coupled by photons, is considered in the Feynman gauge. The kernel is that resulting from exchange of a single photon. The usual reduction of the sixteen B-S spinor amplitudes in terms of tensors leads to 16 coupled integro-differential equations. By straightforward application of charge conjugation-, parity-, and Lorentz-invariance, the system of coupled equations is reduced to ones involving no more than eight and as few as three scalar structure functions for the various parity, charge conjugation, and total angular momentum states. The results hold for arbitrary coupling strength. As a check of the equations obtained, a perturbation theory is carried out for the Coulomb interaction. It leads to effective potentials in agreement with those obtained previously to order mα 4 for positronium.
Thermal Preferences and Distribution of Northern Michigan Crayfishes

Abstract Crayfishes function as both ecosystem engineers and keystone species, and they serve as the trophic linkage between benthic organisms and fish predators. Because crayfish behavior, physiology, and growth are controlled by temperature, thermal differences among habitats may have important implications for crayfishes and the ecosystems they inhabit. To investigate the association between crayfish and temperature, we measured thermal preferences of 3 crayfish species in lab experiments (2007), recorded summer water temperatures at 9 sites (July 1–August 9, 2008), and trapped crayfishes at these same sites in northern Michigan. Orconectes rusticus (non-indigenous) preferred nearly 1 °C warmer water (≈22 °C) than Orconectes virilis and Orconectes propinquus. Crayfishes inhabited sites with similar temperatures. These sites had average summer temperatures ranging from 21–23 °C. Sites without crayfish were on average 7 °C colder than sites with crayfish. Thus, crayfish thermal preferences were closely c...
Vocational Training for Adolescent English Language Learners in Newcomer Programs: Opportunities or Isolation?.

This article presents findings from a qualitative study of newly arrived immigrant students attending mainstream vocational courses through a high school newcomer program in the southern United States. As educators turn to vocational options for instructing linguistically diverse students, this project carefully considers how students experience participation in such programs. This project considers the questions: What were the stated goals for vocational placements of students in the newcomer program? How do the students participate in and describe experiences in vocational courses? How do the students interact with others in English and other languages in these settings? Researchers conducted qualitative observations, made frequency counts of student behaviors, and conducted interviews with students and program leaders. Although stated goals centered on involving students with monolingual English-speaking peers and teaching students job skills, data suggest that students' experiences were not always aligned with these goals. This project, in looking at how students in newcomer programs participate in vocational activities and interact with monolingual peers and teachers, sheds light on how such programs serve students and how programs can be better structured to meet students' academic and linguistic needs.
Structure and deformation history of the Bitlis suture near Lake Hazar, southeastern Turkey

Detailed mapping of the Bitlis suture zone near Lake Hazar shows that it is composed of three tectonostratigraphic units which crop out as distinct north-dipping thrust slices. From south to north, these are the Puturge Metamorphic Complex, the Maden Melange, and the Elazig Igneous Complex. The Puturge Metamorphic Complex consists of pre-Tertiary, continental-margin sediments metamorphosed to the greenschist facies during the Campanian-Maastrichtian and deformed by four generations of structures. These are, in sequence (1) isoclinal folds and a transposition foliation, (2) open folds, crenulation cleavage, and north-dipping thrust faults, (3) kink bands, and (4) small-displacement faults. The Maden Melange represents middle Eocene, back-arc-basin sediments and volcanics metamorphosed to the greenschist facies and deformed by three generations of structures: (1) a north-dipping cleavage, (2) kink bands, and (3) small-displacement faults. The Elazig Igneous Complex comprises an imbricated Maastrichtian-early Eocene island arc and young marginal-basin terrain. Thrust faults between units are north-dipping, listric, and form a thin-skinned system. These features suggest the following deformational and tectonic history. The Puturge Metamorphic Complex was generated by isoclinal folding and metamorphism of sediments composing the Arabian continental margin during Campanian-Maastrichtian ophiolite obduction to the south. The Elazig arc developed on the deformed margin because of subsequent southward subduction of oceanic lithosphere. The arc migrated to the north, opening a back-arc basin. By the early Eocene, the back-arc basin was filling with volcaniclastics of the Maden Melange, and the Elazig arc collided with a continent to the north. During middle to late Eocene, convergence caused thrust stacking of the Elazig, Maden, and Puturge Complexes; second-generation deformation in the Puturge Complex; and first-generation deformation in the Maden Melange. Continued convergence with the Arabian plate in the late Miocene caused kink banding in the Puturge and Maden Complexes. Since the late Miocene, this convergence has been accommodated by shortening and thickening along numerous internal faults.
Overestimation of mitral valve gradients obtained by phasic pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

We investigated the relationship between left atrial (LA) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) in order to define the clinical settings in which PCW may be used to approximate LA pressure and to determine the cause and significance of difference between LA and PCW pressures. Nineteen patients who at cardiac catheterization had LA, PCW, and left ventricular (LV) pressures recorded, had mitral valve gradients and areas determined. Mean PCW and LA pressures correlated well (r = 0.94). Phasic PCW consistently overestimated the MV gradient and underestimated the MV area compared to LA pressure, (8 +/- 4 versus 4 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, 1.3 +/- 0.3 versus 1.6 +/- 0.3 cm2, p less than 0.005, respectively). Three patients had abnormal MV prosthesis function assessed by PCW pressure but not by LA pressure. Diastolic MV gradients between PCW and LV were caused or increased by a slowed y descent in the PCW tracing. Using the PCW pressure may falsely elevate MV gradients and falsely reduce MV areas and lead to incorrect clinical action.
Application of a photosynthesis model to an agricultural region of varied climates: California

Abstract We apply a simple multi-layered canopy leaf energy budget—photosynthesis model to California's contrasting climatic regions, using three widely contrasting plant photosynthesis response systems. The results indicate that the three photosynthetic systems show unique responses to the seasonal forcing of California's varied climates.
Effect of die compaction pressure on densification behavior of molybdenum powders

Two grades of commercially available ultrafine molybdenum powders are investigated for their compaction and densification behavior. Dilatometer studies were performed on the two powders compacted at different pressures, and the results were rationalized using master sintering curve concepts. The study gave insight into the sintering mechanism of molybdenum powders. The results were use for developing die compaction and sintering models. Accurate density prediction and design of optimum sintering cycles are outcomes from this study.
Direct dissociative chemisorption of methane and ethane on Ir(110): isotope effects and vibrationally assisted chemisorption

We have investigated the direct dissociative chemisorption of methane and ethane on the reconstructed Ir(110) surface using supersonic molecular beams. We have considered the direct chemisorption of both CH4 and C2H6 and their fully deuterated isotopes at beam energies between 1 and 35 kcal/mol, and have observed a substantial kinetic isotope effect, both in the translational energy required for the onset of measurable chemisorption, and for the initial probability of dissociative chemisorption at a given translational energy. The translational energy needed for a measurable (> 0.01) probability of chemisorption varies between 6 and 11 kcal/mol for the four molecules. The initial probability of dissociative chemisorption increases rather linearly with beam energy above this onset up to the highest beam energies employed. We obtain reasonable agreement between the experimental data and a model of tunneling through an Eckart barrier. The tunneling model gives a barrier height of 36 kcal/mol for both methane and ethane, with ethane having a slightly more narrow barrier width (0.13 A) than methane (0.15 A). We have also investigated the effect of vibrational energy on dissociative chemisorption by using vibrationally hot molecular beams. The results show that there is substantial vibrational assistance for CD4 and C2D6 (~ 0.05), but that there is no measurable effect for CH4 and C2H6 (< 0.02). We show that these results are most consistent with attributing the enhanced chemisorption probability to the asymmetric C-D and C-H stretching modes, although it is possible that other vibrational modes are contributing to the observed enhancement. We also observe a lowering of the translational energy required for measurable chemisorption of the vibrationally hot beams by approximately 4 kcal/mol. Such an effect is again shown to be consistent (although not uniquely) with the asymmetric C-D stretching mode. We have also measured the variation of the initial probability of chemisorption with the polar angle of incidence between the beam and the surface. In all cases, alkane chemisorption is shown to obey normal-energy scaling, within experimental error. Finally, we report that there is no observable dependence of the initial probability of direct chemisorption on surface temperature between 550 and 1150 K under the conditions investigated here, which is consistent with the traditional picture of direct dissociative chemisorption.
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of gallium arsenide clusters

Abstract The ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) of mass-selected negative gallium arsenide cluster ions in the (2–50) atom size range was measured with a photon energy of 7.9 eV. The measured photodetachment thresholds displayed a strong even/odd oscillation through the largest clusters in this range, suggesting the presence of a substantial HOMO—LUMO gap in the corresponding neutral clusters which evolves to the band gap of bulk GaAs crystals.
The behavior of secondary market prices of LDC syndicated loans

Abstract The paper investigates the time series properties and the efficiency of the secondary market for LDCs syndicated loans. The data corresponding to weekly secondary market prices for 26 LDCs syndicated loans are divided into two subperiods: from July 1988 to June 1990 and from July 1990 to May 1992. Tests of the random walk hypothesis are conducted based on the Augmented Dickey-Fuller methodology and the variance-ratio test of Lo and MacKinlay. The efficiency of the market is tested by means of filter rule tests. The empirical findings suggest that the secondary market for LDCs syndicated loans has become more efficient over time and that loan prices follow random walks.
Allosteric actuation of inverse phase transition of a stimulus-responsive fusion polypeptide by ligand binding.

We report herein a biopolymer actuator with a modular design that allosterically transduces ligand binding into an aqueous demixing phase transition. The biopolymer actuator consists of two modular domains: a ligand binding protein domain, calmodulin (CaM) that is fused to a transducer domain, a stimulus responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) that exhibits a reversible lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition. We demonstrate that binding of calcium to CaM spontaneously triggers the phase transition of the attached ELP, leading to the formation of meso-micro scale particles depending on the chain length of the ELP. This behavior is reversible, as chelation of the bound calcium results in dissolution of the assembled particles; is selective for calcium as opposed to magnesium; and is abolished by the binding of a peptide ligand that is specific to calcium-bound CaM. These results are, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of biomolecular recognition triggered, allosteric regulation of the LCST phase transition of a polymer, and are significant because they expand the available triggers of the LCST transition of stimulus responsive polymers to biochemical ligand binding. The ability to allosterically trigger the LCST transition of ELPs by biomolecular recognition will be useful for developing “smart” polymer actuators that capitalize upon the myriad ligand-protein pairs that are available from biology, for application in the design of selective pull-down assays in proteomics, drug delivery, and in the design of nanoscale biomolecular devices.
An Evaluation of Audio-Visual Person Recognition on the XM2VTS Corpus using the Lausanne Protocols

A multimodal person recognition architecture has been developed for the purpose of improving overall recognition performance and for addressing channel-specific performance shortfalls. This multimodal architecture includes the fusion of a face recognition system with the MIT/LL GMM/UBM speaker recognition architecture. This architecture exploits the complementary and redundant nature of the face and speech modalities. The resulting multimodal architecture has been evaluated on the XM2VTS corpus using the Lausanne open set verification protocols, and demonstrates excellent recognition performance. The multimodal architecture also exhibits strong recognition performance gains over the performance of the individual modalities.
The growth rate of trajectories of a quadratic differential

Suppose q is a holomorphic quadratic differential on a compact Riemann surface of genus g ≥ 2. Then q defines a metric, flat except at the zeroes. A saddle connection is a geodesic joining two zeroes with no zeroes in its interior. This paper shows the asymptotic growth rate of the number of saddles of length at most T is at most quadratic in T. An application is given to billiards.
Modeling and Optimization Analysis of a Single-Flagellum Micro-Structure Through the Method of Regularized Stokeslets

Bacteria such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides use a single flagellum for propulsion and change of orientation. These types of simple organisms have inspired microrobotic designs with potential applications in medicine, which motivates this work. In this paper, an elastic model for a single-flagellum micro-structure is presented and followed by an analysis of the system based on optimization. The model is based on the method of Regularized Stokeslets which allows for a discretization of the system into particles connected by spring forces. The optimization analysis leads to the design of an optimal elasticity distribution that maximizes the mean forward speed of the structure. These elasticity coefficients are obtained through the use of adjoint-based optimization. The results are illustrated through simulations showing improvement on the swimming pattern of the micro-structure.
Isolation of Factors in Linseed Oil Meal Protective against Chronic Selenosis in Rats

Two new cyanogenic glycosides, linustatin and neo­ linustatin, were isolated from linseed oil meal. Each of the compounds was fed to rats in a corn-based diet at levels of 0.1 and 0.2o/c. At the 0.2% level, both substances gave significant protection against growth depression caused by 9 ppm selenium as sodium selenite. Both com­ pounds also promoted a significant increase in liver and kidney weight over the selenium control animals. Linustatin and neolinustatin are closely related in structure to linamarin and lotaustralin and \V-ere found to be present in linseed oil meal at levels of 0.17 and 0.190/0, respectively. Lina­ marin fed at the level of 0.2% also gave significant protection against growth depression and liver damage. A related cyanogenic glycoside, amygdalin, appeared to give a small but nonsignificant protective response. The isolation of the two new glycosides provides a probable explanation for the protective activity of linseed oil meal against selenium toxicity. J. Nutr. 110: 145-150, 1980.
Theoretical comparison of Fourier and wavelet encoding in magnetic resonance imaging

A theoretical comparison of the wavelet and Fourier encoding methods is made with respect to resolution, sensitivity to artifact, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's). A general mathematical description is developed in which magnetic resonance (MR) image encoding is represented by a projection of the function representing the "MR signal density" onto an approximation subspace of the finite energy functions. Characteristics of the subspace are used to define a "generalized" point-spread function for space-variant systems. Using the formal model of MR image encoding it is shown that wavelet encoding approaches the resolution limit defined by Fourier encoding. Artifact is treated according to whether or not the source of the variation in the measured data is stationary. Nonstationary imperfections perturb the projection operation and result in encoding method-dependent effects which can be modeled by a distortion matrix suitable for treating shift variant systems. A framework is developed in which to derive expressions for SNR's applicable to a general class of MR encoding methods.
A data driven approach for algebraic loop invariants

We describe a Guess-and-Check algorithm for computing algebraic equation invariants of the form ∧ifi(x1,…,xn)=0, where each fi is a polynomial over the variables x1,…,xn of the program. The "guess" phase is data driven and derives a candidate invariant from data generated from concrete executions of the program. This candidate invariant is subsequently validated in a "check" phase by an off-the-shelf SMT solver. Iterating between the two phases leads to a sound algorithm. Moreover, we are able to prove a bound on the number of decision procedure queries which Guess-and-Check requires to obtain a sound invariant. We show how Guess-and-Check can be extended to generate arbitrary boolean combinations of linear equalities as invariants, which enables us to generate expressive invariants to be consumed by tools that cannot handle non-linear arithmetic. We have evaluated our technique on a number of benchmark programs from recent papers on invariant generation. Our results are encouraging --- we are able to efficiently compute algebraic invariants in all cases, with only a few tests.
Real-Time Ultrasonic Investigation of Fiber-Matrix Debonding in Ceramic-Matrix Composite

Limitations of ceramic materials such as brittleness, low tensile strength and low fracture toughness are being overcome with the introduction of ceramic matrix composites. The mechanical behavior of these fiber-reinforced composites strongly depends on the fiber-matrix bonding condition. If the bonding is too weak, there is poor stress transfer. On the other hand, for a case of very strong bond, the material behaves in a brittle fashion. Recently, photomicroscopic observations were made and the macroscopic behavior of the material was related to the failure mechanisms and damage development under loading [1]. However, this method is destructive, limited to damage on the surface only and cannot easily detect fiber-matrix debonding. Since fiber-matrix debonding is an important indicator of material response it is important to investigate it nondestructively. An effort was made to correlate macroscopic response with microscopic observations and real-time ultrasonic measurements in a unidirectional silicon carbide/glass ceramic composite under longitudinal tensile loading [2].
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF INFANT IMMUNIZATION

This paper applies factor analysis and discriminant analysis to a large body of socio-psychological data dealing with infant immunization. The researchers first apply factor analysis with orthogonal varimax rotation to the set of socio-psychological variables in order to reduce their numbers without a significant loss of information. They then use derived rotated factors and their associated variables to structure immunization likelihood prediction functions, using linear discriminant analysis. These discriminant functions are shown to have strong predictive ability, thus enabling health officials to identify infants not likely to receive immunization. Furthermore, the analytical findings suggest ways of structuring more effective media campaigns directed towards improving the aggregate level of infant immunization.
Mapping Regional Distribution of a Single Tree Species: Whitebark Pine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Moderate resolution satellite imagery traditionally has been thought to be inadequate for mapping vegetation at the species level. This has made comprehensive mapping of regional distributions of sensitive species, such as whitebark pine, either impractical or extremely time consuming. We sought to determine whether using a combination of moderate resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), extensive stand data collected by land management agencies for other purposes, and modern statistical classification techniques (boosted classification trees) could result in successful mapping of whitebark pine. Overall classification accuracies exceeded 90%, with similar individual class accuracies. Accuracies on a localized basis varied based on elevation. Accuracies also varied among administrative units, although we were not able to determine whether these differences related to inherent spatial variations or differences in the quality of available reference data.
Flower Evolution: The Origin and Subsequent Diversification of the Angiosperm Flower

Developmental genetic pathways involved in flower formation in model plants such as Arabidopsis and maize enable us to identify genes, gene families, and gene networks that are involved in the regulation of flower initiation, growth and differentiation. These genes can then function as “candidate genes” and their expression, function, and biochemical interactions can be explored in other lineages to determine if they provide a necessary and sufficient toolkit for the development of the flower. Likewise, a view to the fossil record can provide documentation of reproductive innovations occurring within gymnosperms or along the stem lineage leading to angiosperms, elucidating the transitions required for the evolution of the angiosperm flower from an ancestral reproductive strobilus. Here we discuss the origin and subsequent evolution in form of the flower, highlighting recent studies in paleobotany, morphology, evolution, and developmental genetics with the goal of outlining advances in our understanding of flower evolution.
The Glycine-Phenylalanine-Rich Region Determines the Specificity of the Yeast Hsp40 Sis1

Hsp40s are ubiquitous, conserved proteins which function with molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 class. Sis1 is an essential Hsp40 of the cytosol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thought to be required for initiation of translation. We carried out a genetic analysis to determine the regions of Sis1 required to perform its key function(s). A C-terminal truncation of Sis1, removing 231 amino acids but retaining the N-terminal 121 amino acids encompassing the J domain and the glycine-phenylalanine-rich (G-F) region, was able to rescue the inviability of a Deltasis1 strain. The yeast cytosol contains other Hsp40s, including Ydj1. To determine which regions carried the critical determinants of Sis1 function, we constructed chimeric genes containing portions of SIS1 and YDJ1. A chimera containing the J domain of Sis1 and the G-F region of Ydj1 could not rescue the lethality of the Deltasis1 strain. However, a chimera with the J domain of Ydj1 and the G/F region of Sis1 could rescue the strain's lethality, indicating that the G-F region is a unique region required for the essential function of Sis1. However, a J domain is also required, as mutants expected to cause a disruption of the interaction of the J domain with Hsp70 are inviable. We conclude that the G-F region, previously thought only to be a linker or spacer region between the J domain and C-terminal regions of Hsp40s, is a critical determinant of Sis1 function.
USAF Dental Readiness Classifications and Caries-Risk Assessment

Assurance of the overall health of all uniformed Department of Defense (DoD) personnel is the responsbility of the Military Health System. To ensure the accomplishment of that mission, the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) requires that all uniformed personnel be classified according to their wartime dental readiness status. The recording, collection, monitoring, and reporting of this metric enables the effective and efficient management of care of DoD military members. Especially in times of war, there are often occasions for care to be rendered to members of other military Services by USAF dental treatment providers. Therefore, it is vital that dental health classifications among the Services be standardized to minimize confusion and to ensure that appropriate, optimal dental treatment is rendered to all DoD military members. This article discusses how the USAF assesses dental readiness classification and caries risk of military members.
The effects of parental altruism on the governance of family-managed firms

We draw on the economic, corporate governance, and family business literatures to explain why the effects of family on family firms makes this governance form theoretically distinct from those of public and private non-family firms. Our thesis is that parental altruism, when combined with private ownership and owner-management, influences the ability of the firm's owner-manager to exercise self-control, which, in turn, can expose some family firms to conflicts rooted in the agency threats of moral hazard, hold-up, and adverse selection. We then discuss why some other family firms are able to minimize these dark side threats and thereby attain altruism's brighter side. Finally, we discuss how altruism's influence changes over time as ownership becomes dispersed among family members and across generations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technologies of truth in the anthropology of conflict: AES/APLA Presidential Address, 2013

Science and technology studies can help to unveil invisible modes of power that are embedded in the ways conflicts are known, debated, and resolved. Legal forms of adjudication, reporting systems used by international commissions, and data gathering on the part of governmental and nongovernmental agencies shape how conflicts are fought out on the ground and in policy arenas. Assumptions about evidence, categorization, adjudication, and measurement privilege certain forms of suffering over others, even as they omit phenomena that defy categorization. Using two examples—a global survey of violence against women and a U.S. government initiative to defer the deportation of certain undocumented immigrants—we bring insights from science and technology studies to bear on sociolegal phenomena. In so doing, we highlight tensions between measurement and invention, visibility and invisibility, and objectivity and discretion that are intrinsic to new forms of governance. We thus examine what measurement initiates and precludes, the reactive and proactive nature of technologies, and how new practices reproduce established techniques.
Ambivalent mimicry in Enomoto Kenichi's wartime comedy: His revue and Blackface

ABSTRACTThis article discusses blackface performance used by Japanese comedian Enomoto Kenichi, also known as Enoken, in late 1920s and mid-1930s theatre and film. I examine his blackface performances, giving two examples — Negro Comic Dance, one of the varieties danced to the newly imported American jazz in his first troupe Casino Folies; and his musical comedy film, A Millionaire-Continued (1936). I ask why Enoken adopted blackface, a form of racist caricature by white people emphasizing stereotypes of black people, in his wartime comedy. I question whether Enoken's mimicry of Euro-American-born blackface, though using himself as the laughing stock, is inculpable due to his ignorance of slave history, the absence of American social memory in his mind, or a more productive, cross-cultural representation of the black diaspora celebrating blackness. The article also pinpoints Japan's racial mimicry and Japanese orientalism, associated with its imperialist goals in war propaganda theatre and still active in...
Detection of changes in diastolic function by pulmonary venous flow analysis in women athletes.

Abstract Background Left ventricular cavity dimension, wall thickness, relaxation, and filling increase with exercise training and have a role in enhancing physical performance. We probed whether changes in diastole may develop separately from those in cardiac morphometry and still contribute to improve physical performance. Challenging diastole by preload reduction with standing and integrating mitral flow analysis with the pulmonary venous flow analysis were viewed as a means for detecting fine diastolic variations. Methods Patterns of mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary venous flow were evaluated by echo Doppler imaging in the supine and standing positions in 11 long-distance runner women athletes participating in training programs and having no or very mild cardiac morphologic alterations and were compared with those in 11 healthy women active in daily life not participating in training programs. Maximal exercise tolerance was tested in both groups with a treadmill with use of the standard Bruce protocol. Results Echocardiographic left ventricular mass index and mitral and pulmonary flow patterns in athletes and controls were similar while they were supine. Major ( P Conclusions Pulmonary flow analysis in athletes while standing can detect changes in diastolic function that are dissociated from apparent left ventricular morphologic alterations, are undetected in the supine position, and may, in part, determine exercise performance. (Am Heart J 2001;141:139-47.)
Testing a Conceptual Model of Working Through Self-Defeating Patterns

The present study developed and examined a conceptual model of working through self-defeating patterns. Participants were 390 college students at a large midwestern university. Results indicated that self-defeating patterns mediated the relations between attachment and distress. Also, self-esteem mediated the link between self-defeating patterns and depression, whereas social self-efficacy mediated the association between self-defeating patterns and interpersonal distress. A total of 33% of the variance in self-defeating patterns was explained by attachment anxiety and avoidance; 39% of the variance in self-esteem and 13% of the variance in social self-efficacy were explained by self-defeating patterns and/or attachment anxiety; 50% of the variance in depression was explained by attachment anxiety, self-defeating patterns, and self-esteem; 45% of the variance in interpersonal distress was explained by attachment anxiety and avoidance, self-defeating patterns, and social self-efficacy.
Evaluating Sources of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Surveillance Data in Colorado

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sources reporting hospitalized spinal cord injury cases to the statewide, population-based surveillance system in Colorado for the year 1994. Three reporting sources were evaluated: clinical contact persons, medical records departments, and a centralized statewide hospital discharge database. Two evaluation strategies were utilized; these include both measures of accuracy and estimates of missed cases. For the latter, capture-recapture techniques were used to estimate the number of hospitalized spinal cord injury cases missed by all three reporting sources. The clinical contact persons reported 84 confirmed cases, missed 80 confirmed cases, and reported 10 cases that were later determined not to have spinal cord injuries, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.51. Medical records departments and the discharge database reported 143 and 147 cases, respectively, missed 21 and 17 confirmed cases, and reported 118 and 69 cases that were later determined not to be cases of hospitalized injuries of the spinal cord, resulting in sensitivities of 0.87 and 0.90. Capture-recapture results indicate all three sources combined missed an estimated 1-5 cases, yielding a total annual incidence rate for hospitalized spinal cord injury ranging from 45.1 to 46.3 per million population.
Numerical investigation of turbulence in reshocked Richtmyer–Meshkov unstable curtain of dense gas

When a shock wave impacts an interface between two fluids, the misalignment of the pressure and density gradients results in deposition of baroclinic vorticity on the interface. This leads to the growth of initial perturbations on the interface causing the phenomenon of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) [1]. The RMI produces turbulent mixing of the fluids which plays an important role in many physical and technological processes like inertial confinement fusion, supersonic combustion, and impact dynamics of liquids. The RMI is also believed to be the reason for the increased mixing observed in the optical output of supernova 1987A. Understanding this process requires robust numerical algorithms capable of simulating this highly non-linear flow and high quality repeatble experimental data to validate the numerical findings. Experimental limitations (difficulty generating a well characterized initial interface between two fluids, and diagonostic limitations) and shortcomings of numerical algorithms have constrained detailed explorations of the physics of this intability. Recent improvements in experimental methods (like membrane-less techniques to generate an interface) have provided reliable data for numerical code validation and simulation of this flow to characterize the turbulent mixing between the fluids. In this work one such configuration of a shock in air impacting a curtain of cylinders of dense gas is chosen for numerical simulation. The results are compared to available experimental data [2] and some turbulence statistics are reported.
Social networking profile correlates of schizotypy

Social networking sites, such as Facebook, are extremely popular and have become a primary method for socialization and communication. Despite a report of increased use among those on the schizophrenia-spectrum, few details are known about their actual practices. In the current research, undergraduate participants completed measures of schizotypy and personality, and provided access to their Facebook profiles. Information from the profiles were then systematically coded and compared to the questionnaire data. As predicted, social anhedonia (SocAnh) was associated with a decrease in social participation variables, including a decrease in number of friends and number of photos, and an increase in length of time since communication with a friend, but SocAnh was also associated with an increase in profile length. Also, SocAnh was highly correlated with extraversion. Relatedly, extraversion uniquely predicted the number of friends and photos and length of time since communication with a friend. In addition, perceptual aberration/magical ideation (PerMag) was associated with an increased number of “black outs” on Facebook profile print-outs, a measure of paranoia. Overall, results from this naturalistic-like study show that SocAnh and extraversion are associated with decreased social participation and PerMag with increased paranoia related to information on social networking sites.
Teaching Human Factors Principles Through Design of an EXIT Sign

A hands-on, specific design assignment is described, for use in a graduate or undergraduate human factors course. The assignment requires students to re-design an EXIT sign, taking into account principles of visual display design, and environmental factors, which may reduce visibility of the sign. Assigning a particular object to re-design allows for in-class comparison and discussion, and additionally, is easier for students when first beginning to identify human factors deficiencies in everyday objects. Students consistently rate this assignment positively, and especially enjoy the creative aspect of the assignment.
Utilizing multi-hop neighbor information in spectrum allocation for wireless networks

Spectrum sharing is a crucial issue to the overall throughput performance of multi-hop wireless networks. Traditional distributed random medium access control (MAC), such as IEEE 802.11, lacks of efficiency of spectrum usage, while centralized scheduling is not practical for large scale ad hoc networks. It is observed that for multi-hop wireless networks, it is hard to resolve the scheduling conflict, and most distributed algorithms consider the neighbors' traffic independent of each other and ignore the multi-hop nature of flows, leading to the spectrum wastage and inefficiency. By incorporating the multihop nature of flows, we propose a new distributed scheme based on IEEE 802.11 standard, namely "2-hop MAC". Nodes collect traffic dependency information as well as traffic demand information from neighbors and allocate spectrum distributedly with the knowledge of more accurate traffic demand of the nodes in the neighborhood. Moreover, we have also addressed the problem of the asymmetric neighborhood, which was ignored in most previous work. Finally, we introduce a new metric, namely, allocation inefficiency ratio (AIR), to evaluate the performance of distributed algorithms in multi-hop wireless networks. Extensive simulation study shows that our proposed scheme can significantly improve the network performance and spectrum efficiency.
Beyond cyborg metapathography in Michael Chorost’s Rebuilt to World Wide Mind: Introducing “morphos” as a rhetorical concept in cyborgography

This essay introduces the rhetorical concept of “morphos”, a dimension of ethos, in the context of cyborg self-transformation and cyborg storytelling. Focusing on the cyborg storytelling of Michael Chorost, a cochlear implant user and futurist, this essay applies "morphos" to develop an argument about the changing capabilities and changing stories of living cyborg authors. Using rhetorical concepts to illuminate his self-transformation and narrative constructions, this essay analyzes Chorost’s two books: Rebuilt: How Becoming Part Computer Made Me More Human ; and, World Wide Mind: The Coming Integration of Humanity, Machines, and the Internet . Chorost’s first book, Rebuilt, is an autobiographical account of his journey from deafness to cochlear implant hearing and his quest for community. He completes his journey of self-transformation using Haraway’s Cyborg Manifesto and Caidin’s Cyborg as narrative tools. Rebuilt can be defined as a cyborg metapathography, identifying rhetorical features of Chorost’s cyborg storytelling. Chorost’s second book, World Wide Mind , is both autobiographical and theoretical. This rhetorical shift in the context of his changing physical, perceptual, and cognitive capabilities, and his changing ethos, is significant because it opens the way for a new hybrid language combining the spoken/written and digital code.
Ocular prostate cancer metastasis treated with external beam radiation.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to report a rare case of ocular metastasis from prostate cancer treated successfully with external beam radiation therapy. Methods Case report and literature review. Patient A 60-year-old man with a history of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed a choroidal mass with characteristic surface retinal pigment epithelium spots (leopard spots), consistent with a metastatic tumor. The patient was treated with external beam radiation therapy. He had a dramatic improvement in visual acuity within 4 weeks of completing radiation treatment. Two and half years from radiation treatment to the right eye, he has maintained excellent vision (20/20 with best correction) in spite of systemic disease progression. Conclusion Uveal metastasis is a rare cause of unexplained blurred vision in the setting of metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostate. Palliative external beam radiotherapy provides effective and durable relief of symptoms during treatment and is generally a well-tolerated regimen with low risk of long-term morbidity.
Abstract PR06: Clonal evolution enhances leukemia propagating cell activity in T-cell acutelymphoblastic leukemia through AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation

Leukemia progression and relapse are driven by molecularly distinct and often-rare cancer cells called leukemia-propagating cells (LPCs). If LPCs are retained following treatment, they will ultimately initiate relapse disease. Despite the substantial number of genetic lesions that have been identified in relapse samples and the contention that these mutations likely modulate response to therapy, acquired mutations that increase the overall frequency of tumor propagating cells following continued clonal evolution have not been reported in any cancer to date. Here, we have developed a transgenic zebrafish model where single fluorescently-labeled T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells are transplanted into genetically identical recipient fish and functionally assessed for differences in leukemia propagating cell frequency, growth, and dexamethasone resistance. While subclonal variation was observed within single cells from the same primary leukemia, a subset of clones continued to evolve genetic lesions and epigenetic modifications to enhance growth and overall LPC frequency. A majority of evolved clones acquired activated AKT signaling, which simultaneously increased the number of leukemia propagating cells through activating the mTORC1 pathway, enhanced growth by stabilizing Myc protein levels, and rendered T-ALL cells resistant to dexamethasone, which was reversed by combined treatment with an AKT inhibitor. These results were confirmed using large-scale transgenic epistasis experiments and limiting-dilution cell transplantation studies. In total, our data suggest that diagnosis clones can stochastically acquire mutations necessary to survive treatment and drive relapse even before a patient begins treatment, with acquired mutations being independently selected based on important cancer phenotypes including elevated growth rate and leukemia propagating potential. Moreover, our work also identifies combination therapies that utilize dexamethasone and AKT inhibitor can kill LPCs in a subset of refractory T-ALL. Finally, these are the first studies performed in any model to follow single cell evolution as it relates to relapse, utilizing in excess of 6,000 transplant recipient animals and opening new and exciting avenues of study to uncover genetic pathways that drive cancer malignancy. This abstract is also presented as Poster A08. Citation Format: Jessica Blackburn, Sali Liu, Kimberly Dobrinski, Sarah Martinez, Finola Moore, Riadh Lobbardi, David Langenau. Clonal evolution enhances leukemia propagating cell activity in T-cell acutelymphoblastic leukemia through AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
Observation of the Ordered CoPt3 Alloy in Co-Pt Multilayers

We report results of a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of Co-Pt multilayers, with Pt[111] as the growth axis. The multilayers were grown by MBE on Pt seed films on basal-plane sapphire substrates at growth temperatures of 100 and 200°C.The multilayers comprised 15 periods of Co 3A, Pt 15A and both exhibited perpendicular anisotropy. Grazing-incidence radial- and phi-scans revealed a set of {110} peaks indicating doubling of real space periodicity consistent with the presence of the ordered alloy CoPt3. This supports the results of other studies which indicate interdiffused interfaces in Co-Pt multilayers and shows that chemical ordering can occur at much lower temperatures than in bulk alloys where annealing times of several days at ∼ 700°C are required to stimulate ordering.
Core-excited and shape resonances of uracil

Attachment of an electron to nucleobases leads to metastable anion states called resonances. There are two types of electronic resonances present in the nucleobases. Shape resonances occur when the electron is attached to one of the previously unoccupied π* orbitals of the base. An electron can also be attached to an electronically excited state leading to core-excited or Feshbach resonances. In this work we present both types of resonances of uracil, a nucleobase present in RNA. Both the positions and widths of the resonances have been calculated using a stabilization method coupled with high level electronic structure methods. Core-excited resonances which are accessed with electrons of energy >4.6 eV are expected to play an important role in the dissociative electron attachment of uracil. Mixing between configurations corresponding to shape and core-excited resonances is also present which complicates the theoretical treatment of this system and necessitates multiconfigurational approaches for a proper description.
A Tale of Two Cities: Multiple Practices of Bordering and Degrees of ‘Transit’ in and through Turkey

Turkey has been part of an expanding European border regime through the construct of ‘transit’. Against the essentializing use of this term, this article aims to draw attention to the varied nature of ‘transit’ migration based on ethnographic research conducted in two cities of Turkey: Edirne and Kayseri. While both cities are subject to the EU-ization of migration and asylum management, we argue that their geographical positions cause variations in how they experience EU-ization and how they receive border-crossers and refugees. Variations are further intensified by different configurations of il/legality and il/licitness in each city. We claim that neither the state nor the European border regime, as actors and producers of il/legality, can predetermine the outcome of such configurations. ‘Transit’-ing is rendered il/licit, depending on the visibility and duration of the stay of border-crossers and refugees, their impact on local economies and the attitudes of local state actors.