cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K and the synthesis of factors VII-X by isolated rat liver cells.

SummaryIsolated liver cells from normal rats and from vitamin K-deficient rats injected with vitamin K continued to produce factor VII-X activities in vitro for at least 1.5 hr while cells from K-deficient rats showed little formation of factors VII-X. Both types of cells showed a sustained oxygen uptake for at least 1.5 hr before starting to decline. Cycloheximide and puromycin failed to inhibit vitamin K-dependent production of factor VII-X activities in surviving isolated liver cells. However, puromycin administered in vivo inhibited production of vitamin K-dependent factors VII-X in such liver preparations. Warfarin added to liver cells inhibited formation of factors VII-X but at the same time inhibited their oxygen uptake. It is suggested that vitamin K functions beyond the site of puromycin block in the formation of active factors VII-X.This work was supported in part by NIH grant AM 10282.
Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

AbstractThe goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.
Does time use in outpatient residency training reflect community practice

BACKGROUND The degree to which the ideals practiced during residency training persist amidst the pressures of community practice is unknown. Therefore, this paper compares time use during outpatient visits to family practice residents and experienced family physicians. METHODS Visits of 244 new adult outpatients to 33 second- and third-year residents in a university clinic in Northern California were compared to 277 new adult outpatient visits to 92 community family physicians in Northeast Ohio, using the Davis Observation Code (DOC). The DOC uses observation to classify visit time into 20 different behavioral categories, reflecting different physician styles of interaction with patients. RESULTS Controlling for patient mix, residents had longer visits, a less technical focus, and spent a greater percent of the visit on efforts to promote health behavior change, patient activation, preventive services, discussion of substance abuse, and counseling. CONCLUSIONS Experienced family physicians provide more technical and less preventive and psychosocially oriented care than residents. This may reflect differences in patient mix, practice setting, physician experience, and the time and financial pressures of community practice. These findings may be used to modify residency training to better reflect actual community practice and to guide future studies of the effects of experience and different practice environments on physician style with patients.
Malacoplakia of the Prostate Following Chronic Urinary Tract Infection

AbstractThe sixth case ofmalacoplakia of the prostatic parenchyma is reported. The diagnosis was doubtful with routine microscopy, reinforced by histochemistry and confirmed by electron microscopy.
The state of point-of-care ultrasonography use and training in neonatal–perinatal medicine and pediatric critical care medicine fellowship programs

The state of point-of-care ultrasonography use and training in neonatal–perinatal medicine and pediatric critical care medicine fellowship programs
Understanding the Role of the BBC as a Provider of Public Infrastructure

This paper explores the ways in which the BBC produces, sustains, and makes available resources that may be considered infrastructural. In the past, the BBC has been justified through appeals to the economic theory of public goods. Public goods theory is a useful place to start, but it is not enough. It fails to describe fully what role the BBC actually plays in British society. For example, some have suggested that since technology now makes exclusion relatively cheap (e.g., encrypted broadcast signals), content is no longer properly classified as a public good and the BBC’s role as public good provider should shrink because markets should no longer fail. This argument is flawed, however. Simply put, even with low cost exclusion, a host of market failures remain. For example, the market may under supply certain types of content (e.g. regional programming) because it is not sufficiently profitable. In this context, the BBC continues to plays a critical role in ensuring society is provided with a wide range of public and social goods that are underprovided by markets. To appreciate how the BBC helps to resolve these wider market failures, as well as providing a bridge between markets, government, and society, it is helpful to move beyond simple public goods theory and look to a recently developed economic theory of infrastructure. This theory considers infrastructure to be a special class of public good that has particular demand side features. Accordingly, this paper explains how the BBC produces and manages public infrastructure and how managing such infrastructure as a commons yields significant social value.The paper is divided into three parts. The first part provides a brief explanation of infrastructure theory; the second part applies the theory to the BBC; the third part offers a few tentative suggestions for the future of the BBC as well as for future research and discussion.
Cognitive Impairment in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: Use of androgen deprivation therapy may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in men with prostate cancer. We performed a systematic review of the risk of overall cognitive impairment ...
Finding stale-value errors in concurrent programs: Research Articles

Concurrent programs can suffer from many types of errors, not just the well-studied problems of deadlocks and simple race conditions on variables. This paper addresses a kind of race condition that arises from reading a variable whose value is possibly out of date. The paper introduces a simple technique for detecting such stale values, and reports on the encouraging experience with a compile-time checker that uses the technique. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization and Scale-Up of High Density Cell Culture Bioreactors

High density cell culture systems offer more than a one-order of magnitude increase in reactor productivity. The design and scale-up of these systems are, however, more difficult. The challenges start with the mechanical design of the bioreactors; mixing and mass transfer are more critical in high density systems. In this paper, we analyze several methods of cell retention systems and discuss their operation. High density perfusion bioreactors can be operated in commercial scale production for more than 3 months at cell concentrations up to 10–40 million cells ml−1. Optimization of these reactors involves altering feed rate and composition, reactor pH and DO. In some cases, local mass transfer gradients can also affect the cell physiology and increase cell specific productivity. This paper discusses our studies for industrial scale mammalian cell product development, optimization, and reactor scale-up.
What Kind of Self Can a Greek Sceptic Have

I have always had difficulty understanding talk about the self; precisely what is being referred to by the term has always seemed to me elusive. And so, in beginning work on this paper, I did what I do not generally encourage my students to do; I looked up the word in the dictionary. The Oxford English Dictionary gives the following overlapping series of definitions: “That which in a person is really and intrinsically he (in contradistinction to what is adventitious); the ego (often identified with the soul or mind as opposed to the body); a permanent subject of successive and varying states of consciousness”. Even aside from the sexism of the first definition, this set of definitions has a very archaic ring to it; it is perhaps no surprise that, although it was the 1971 edition that I consulted, the most recent of the examples of the word’s usage that followed the definitions was from 1909. For the claim that there is some group of features that constitute the real or intrinsic character, or the essence, of a person; the notion of a strong form of personal identity inhering solely in psychological, and not at all in physical, features of a person; and the suggestion that there is any such thing as “a permanent subject of successive and varying states of consciousness” – all these ideas have been the objects of severe and widespread philosophical suspicion for a long time (indeed, since long before 1909, one of their most vocal detractors being Hume). If that is what is meant by the self, it might well seem that the question whether an ancient Greek sceptic can lay claim to such a thing is of no great interest. If that is what the self is supposed to be, one might say, then of course no ancient Greek sceptic would want such a thing; but this creates no problem for sceptics in particular, since we all manage quite satisfactorily without it. Yet many scholars have felt that there is something problematic about what we could call the personhood of the Greek sceptic. Myles Burnyeat, for example, has spoken of the sceptic as committed to “a detachment from oneself”. Despite all that the sceptics themselves, especially Sextus Empiricus, say about how normal the sceptic’s existence is, it has often seemed that there is something not quite
Crystal structure of a homoleptic zinc(II) complex based on bis-(3,5-diiso-propyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetate.

Deprotonation of the methyl­ene group in bis­(3,5-diiso­propyl­pyrazol-1-yl)methane with nBuLi and reaction with carbon dioxide yields lithium bis­(3,5-diiso­propyl­pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (1). Treatment of 1 with ZnCl2 results in the com­pound bis­[bis­(3,5-diiso­propyl­pyrazol-1-yl)acetato]­zinc(II), [Zn(C20H31N4O2)2] (2), whose structure has monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry. The ZnII ion resides on an inversion center and is coordinated by two bis­(3,5-diiso­propyl­pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (bdippza) ligands. Each ligand facially coordinates the zinc center via κ3N,N′,O coordination modes to form a distorted octa­hedral complex with four pyrazole N atoms in the basal plane and two carboxyl­ate O atoms in the axial sites.
Sparking to life.

Scientists recently gathered in Asilomar, California, to discuss the latest developments in bioelectronics research. Interfaces between our body and advanced technologies for biomedical and other applications are becoming ever more diverse and effective.
Low Reorganization Energy for Electron Self-Exchange by a Formally Copper(III,II) Redox Couple.

The rate constant for electron self-exchange (k11) between LCuOH and [LCuOH]− (L = bis-2,6-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)carboximidopyridine) was determined using the Marcus cross relation. This work involved measurement of the rate of the cross-reaction between [Bu4N][LCuOH] and [Fc][BAr4F] (Fc+ = ferrocenium; BAr4F = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate)) by stopped-flow methods at −88 °C in CH2Cl2 and measurement of the equilibrium constant for the redox process by UV–vis titrations under the same conditions. A value of k11 = 3 × 104 M–1 s–1 (−88 °C) led to estimation of a value 9 × 106 M–1 s–1 at 25 °C, which is among the highest values known for copper redox couples. Further Marcus analysis enabled determination of a low reorganization energy, λ = 0.95 ± 0.17 eV, attributed to minimal structural variation between the redox partners. In addition, the reaction entropy (ΔS°) associated with the LCuOH/[LCuOH]− self-exchange was determined from the temperature dependence of the redox potentials, and fo...
Alisaundre Becket: Thomas Becket’s resilient, Muslim, Arab mother in the South English Legendary

In the South English Legendary, Thomas Becket’s mother, Alisaundre Becket, is a resilient, non-Christian woman who speaks Arabic. Although Alisaundre Becket eventually converts to Christianity, adopts a Christian name, and lives in England, she never learns English. Drawing on feminist theory by black feminists and women of color, I argue that the characteristic that racializes and marginalizes Alisaundre Becket – her voice, perceived as foreign and strange – also empowers her, and makes it possible for her to resist erasure as a raced woman in an oppressive space. In the process of asserting her will, we witness one of the earliest moments of racial identity perceived, translated, and portrayed as distinct from religious identity in the Middle Ages.
Role of grain boundary character and its evolution on interfacial solute segregation behavior in nanocrystalline Ni-P

Abstract Interfacial solute segregation behavior of P in nanocrystalline (NC) Ni alloys is investigated at the atomic scale using cross-correlative PED-APT measurements and atomistic simulations. Inhomogeneous P-segregation in grain boundaries (GBs) of NC Ni is observed from both experimental measurements and simulation calculations. Interfacial excess (IE) of the solute within GBs is further studied as function of GB misorientation. Significant scatter is detected in the IE of boundaries with similar misorientation angles and even within special boundaries with identical Σ values. From atomistic simulations, a general trend of increasing IE with initial GB energy and volume is observed but with poor correlation, indicating that the segregation behavior cannot be captured with a single average measure of the entire GB character. Rather the results suggest that the extent of interfacial solute segregation correlates better with fraction of high energy atomic sites in the boundary. By comparing IE values with thermodynamic model predictions, it is shown that the interfacial segregation behavior is strongly influenced by the energy distribution of atomic sites in the GBs. However, in order to predict the extent of solute segregation, the evolution of the atomic energy landscape in the GB with continuous solute segregation must be considered.
Toxic ketene gas forms on vaping vitamin E acetate prompting interest in its possible role in the EVALI outbreak

Recent efforts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state authorities have led to the determination that vitamin E acetate (VEA) is strongly associated with e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) (1). VEA has been found in nearly all patient lung fluid samples analyzed and not observed in lung fluid from healthy cohorts. Despite strong evidence linking VEA to EVALI, its putative role as a causative agent has yet to be determined. To address the key issue of whether VEA is a just marker or a significant mediator of EVALI, Wu and O’Shea (2) report in PNAS that VEA reacts when aerosolized with an e-cigarette to produce the highly toxic gas ketene. Confirmation that VEA-derived ketene is a causative agent of EVALI must await rigorous clinical investigation. However, Wu and O’Shea (2) have in the meantime uncovered a compelling lead. One of the most concerning aspects of EVALI is its aggressive onset. In contrast to the devastating effects of traditional cigarettes that take decades to manifest, EVALI has afflicted young patients who developed life-threatening symptoms literally within hours after experiencing initial nausea and respiratory discomfort (3). This seems consistent with ketene toxicity, which has been reported to cause severe, acute lung damage in animal models at the alveolar level … [↵][1]1Email: strongin{at}pdx.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
How Honor Degenerates Into Infamy: Piero della Vigna (1190–1249)

This chapter introduces Piero della Vigna by summarizing the highlights of his life. It then briefly explains and analyzes the pilgrim’s encounter with Piero in canto thirteen of Dante’s Inferno. Among other matters, Piero signals his ongoing concern with his posthumous reputation on earth, a concern that is reflected elsewhere in hell by other condemned sinners. Why would reprobates bereft of all redemptive hope nevertheless brood over the evaluations of survivors in the world? Answering that question requires a sidebar on the nature of posthumous benefit and harm. After completing that inquiry, the rest of the chapter explains, examines, and assesses the historical and textual evidence, in the context of Dante’s main purpose in writing the Commedia, in relation to four prominent interpretations of canto thirteen.
Status and competitive choice.

Abstract In this paper, we extend the logic of existing sociological theory on status to explain how status processes can inform selection in competitive choice situations. We argue that in the absence of knowledge about the specific abilities of others and assuming a desire to win, when given the opportunity to “pick their battles,” people will draw on overt status differences as a basis for selecting a competitor from a pool of possible competitors. Results from three studies indicate that, as predicted, status differences affect competitor selection, with individuals choosing to compete against those who are relatively lower status based on diffuse characteristics. Moreover, consistent with expectation state theories, results from two studies show that the expectations that people form for their potential competitors based on status differences mediate this relationship. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research.
Partitioning Terabyte-scale Faceted Geometry Models for Efficient Parallel Ray Tracing Using Out-of-core Memory

Generating high-fidelity, synthetic, infrared images of authentic landscapes is an important step in training cutting edge IED recognition and target identification algorithms. This process requires radiative transfer modeling using ray tracing on memory-intensive meshes, potentially petabytes in size. The current software architectures for performing these simulations lack the capability to handle large, complex environments efficiently. To address this scalability problem, a state-of-the-art architecture is being developed to generate realistic, virtual images using ray tracing methods on geometry for large, complex environments (e.g. forested landscapes). This research presents a parallel architecture for distributing geometry and creating structures to support efficient ray tracing on these memory-intensive models. The proposed architecture uses an out-of-core memory framework to efficiently handle models larger than a single computing element's available RAM without employing constant disk I/O. Geometry data is partitioned to fit the architecture using spatial sorting methods, collective communication, and parallel I/O. MPI is used for the communication and I/O layer of the application, providing a portable, scalable method for distributing the spatially sorted geometry data for the system and facilitating ray casting. The approach used for spatial sorting will be discussed, and the collective communication protocol and parallel I/O system will be explained. Applying this methodology to build a ray tracing engine has resulted in an architecture that is able to efficiently trace rays in faceted geometry data over a terabyte in size. Timings gathered of the process running on a supercomputer have shown scalability as the size of the problem has increased. This provides the capability to analyze landscapes far larger than was previously possible.
Phase 1 Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Neoadjuvant to Radical Prostatectomy for Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) neoadjuvant to radical prostatectomy (RP) in a phase 1 trial. The primary endpoint was treatment completion rate without severe acute surgical complications. Secondary endpoints included patient-reported quality of life and physician-reported toxicities. Methods and Materials Patients with nonmetastatic high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer received 24 Gy in 3 fractions to the prostate and seminal vesicles over 5 days, completed 2 weeks before RP. Patients with pN1 disease were treated after multidisciplinary discussion and shared decision making. Patient-reported quality of life (International Prostate Symptom Score and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite 26-item version questionnaires) and physician-reported toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03) were assessed before SBRT, immediately before surgery, and at 3-month intervals for 1 year. Results Twelve patients were enrolled, and 11 completed treatment (1 patient had advanced disease on prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography after enrollment but before treatment). There were no significant surgical complications. After RP, 2 patients underwent additional radiation therapy to nodes with androgen suppression for pN1 disease. Median follow-up after completion of treatment was 20.1 months, with 9 of 11 patients having a follow-up period of >12 months. Two patients had biochemical recurrence (prostate-specific antigen ≥0.05) within the first 12 months, with an additional 2 patients found to have biochemical recurrence after the 12-month period. The highest Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events genitourinary grades were 0, 1, 2, and 3 (n = 1, 4, 4, and 2, respectively), and the highest gastrointestinal grades were 0, 1, and 2 (n = 9, 1, and 1, respectively). At 12 months, incontinence was the only grade ≥2 toxicity. One and 2 of 9 patients had grade 2 and 3 incontinence, respectively. On the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (26-item version), the mean/median changes in scores from baseline to 12 months were –32.8/–31.1 for urinary incontinence, –1.6/–6.2 for urinary irritative/obstructive, –2.1/0 for bowel, –34.4/–37.5 for sexual function, and –10.6/–2.5 for hormonal. The mean/median change in International Prostate Symptom Score from baseline to 12 months was 0.5/0.5. Conclusions RP after neoadjuvant SBRT appears to be feasible and safe at the dose tested. The severity of urinary incontinence may be higher than RP alone.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND EXTERNALITY

Climate change is an externality phenomenon. The DICE/RICE models are IAMs that treat climate change as an externality explicitly. Such a feature of DICE/RICE is recognized by the Nobel Committee a...
Abstract PO-030: Characterizing mechanisms for inhibiting metastasis in triple negative breast cancer

Tumor cell heterogeneity has been strongly implicated in metastatic progression of solid tumors such as breast cancer, leading to resistance and recurrence. We hypothesize that inhibiting metastasis will reduce tumor cell heterogeneity and thereby increase therapeutic sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we expressed the metastasis suppressor Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP or PEBP1) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells as a means of comparing the variation in gene expression between individual cells in metastatic versus non-metastatic tumors. Xenograft tumors with or without exogenous RKIP expression were dissociated into single cell suspensions. We removed mouse as well as dead cells, and the remaining cells were loaded onto a Fluidigm C1 high-throughput chip for separation and library preparation. For each condition we performed three independent experiments yielding a total of 1569 cells. We performed controls to ensure that differences were not due to batch effects, cell cycle stage or sample quality. Clustering of single cells across all samples indicated that gene expression profiles are similar, confirming reproducibility. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes between cells with and without RKIP overexpression reveals gene sets that are important in tumor cell transitions from metastatic to non-metastatic states. These data will allow us to specifically test whether metastatic tumors are more heterogeneous than non-metastatic tumors in TNBC. Citation Format: Dongbo Yang, Christopher Dann, Sebastian Pott, Marsha Rosner. Characterizing mechanisms for inhibiting metastasis in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-030.
Innovating organ delivery to improve access to care: surgeon perspectives on the current system and future use of unmanned aircrafts

Objective Organ transportation requires innovation. We recently showed that unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) could transport human organs. There are no data addressing UAS acceptance among healthcare providers. Conceptually, UAS implementation may improve delivery of care through improved efficiency. We sought to learn surgical perspectives on current and innovated organ transport systems. Methods An Institutional Review Board exempt, pretested, 5-point Likert scale web-based survey was undertaken. Transplant surgeons taking kidney transplant offers in the USA (n=174) were sampled. Results Of 174 surveys, 122 were delivered successfully, and 55 responses collected. Mean age was 48.1 (range 34–64), and 80% were male. Forty-two (76.4%) surgeons felt cold ischaemia time reduction to 8 hours would increase organ acceptance rates. More than 23% of respondents were fearful and 34.5% nervous regarding drones. Nearly all (92.7%) respondents believed drones could help people; 90.9% felt the mode of transportation was irrelevant to their decision to accept an organ but that speed and quality were most important. Only 16.4% of surgeons believed the current system is adequate for our transportation needs. Conclusions Surgeons feel the present system of organ transportation needs reform, and an innovated system using UAS might improve care. An innovated organ transportation system involving UAS may lead to fear and anxiety among transplant surgeons, suggesting that research and education are required ahead of adoption.
EFFECT OF HYDROGEN ON HIGH TEMPERATUREPLASTICITY OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

The effect of hydrogen on flow stress, strain rate sensitivity and elong- ation at high temperature for Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been investigated. When hydro- gen content is within a certain proper range, both the flow stress and the tempera- ture of superplasticity are decreased with only a small change of strain rate sensiti- vity exponent. The ductility is improved in the temperature 800--860℃.
Editorial Commentary: Medicare Cost-Containment Programs Reduce Reimbursement, Complicate Care, and Increase Administrative Costs: Alarm Bells Are Ringing and Physicians Must Get Involved.

Abstract Medicare cost-containment efforts have uniformly led to a reduction in physician reimbursement offset by increasing administrative burdens and costs and complicating delivery of care. Surgeons who face decreasing compensation for Medicare patients may be forced to limit the number of these patients for whom they care. Decreasing physician reimbursement from Medicare typically translates into a similar reduction by private payers. Administrators who come at a cost have yet to show proven value. All of this translates into limiting our ability to care for patients. We are facing a critical moment for potential change prompted by a global health crisis, a new administration, a new legislature, and an increased appreciation for health care delivery among the American public. As physicians, we need to be active participants in changing the system, placing a greater priority on delivering optimal care at optimal cost. We should use this moment when the American public is focused on the need for health care to reprioritize Medicare funding and physician reimbursement while urging reductions of government spending on bureaucracy. This requires actively lobbying lawmakers and speaking collectively.
Acute exposure to an organochlorine pesticide alters locomotor behavior and cardiac function in the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna

In this study, the acute impacts of aqueous methoxychlor exposure on the viability, locomotive behavior, and heartrate of Daphnia magna was assessed. Adults were exposed to 0 (ethanol control), 1, ...
Anxiety and depression in inherited channelopathy patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are an effective treatment in some patients with inherited heart disease, including inherited channelopathies, yet they have also been shown to impact patients' psychological health. Objective We sought to improve understanding of the level of anxiety and depression as well as device acceptance among inherited channelopathy patients with an ICD. Methods Eligible patients seen at Johns Hopkins Hospital were sent a survey, which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), and the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS). Student t tests and χ2 tests were used to identify associations with abnormal anxiety and depression scores. Results Among eligible patients (n = 65), 32 individuals (49%) completed the survey. The rate of device-related complications was 34%, and 41% of patients experienced 1 or more ICD shocks. Twelve patients (38%) had an abnormal HADS anxiety subscore and 5 patients (16%) had an abnormal HADS depression subscore (score ≥ 8). Secondary-prevention ICDs were associated with an abnormal HADS anxiety subscore (P = .03). Experiencing ICD shock(s), device complications, age, sex, and family history of sudden cardiac death were not statistically associated with anxiety or depression. Overall, respondents demonstrated high device acceptance by FPAS (79.9 ± 2.9, maximum total score 100) and moderately high cardiac-specific anxiety by CAQ total score (1.53 ± 0.12). Conclusion A high prevalence of generalized anxiety was identified among inherited channelopathy patients with ICDs. High device acceptance and lack of association with ICD shocks or complications indicate that further research is necessary to understand this increased incidence.
Distributed Phased Arrays: Challenges and Recent Advances

There has been significant research devoted to the development of distributed microwave wireless systems in recent years. The progression from large, single-platform wireless systems to collections of smaller, coordinated systems on separate platforms enables significant benefits for radar, remote sensing, communications, and other applications. The ultimate level of coordination between platforms is at the wavelength level, where separate platforms operate as a coherent distributed system. Wireless coherent distributed systems operate in essence as distributed phased arrays, and the signal gains that can be achieved scale proportionally to the number of transmitters squared multiplied by the number of receivers, providing potentially dramatic increases in wireless system capabilities enabled by increasing the number of nodes in the array. Coordinating the operations of nodes in a distributed array requires accurate control of the relative electrical states of the nodes. The basic challenge is the synchronization and stability of the relative phases of the signals transmitted or received. Generally, such control requires wireless frequency synchronization, phase calibration, and time alignment. For radar operations, phase control also requires high-accuracy knowledge of the relative positions of the nodes in the array to support beamforming. Various technologies have been developed in recent years to address the coordination challenges for closed-loop applications, such as distributed communications, and more recently, there has been growing interest in new technologies for open-loop applications, such as radar and remote sensing. This article presents an overview of distributed phased arrays, the principal challenges involved in their coordination, and recent research progress addressing these challenges.
Going with Foucault beyond Foucault: Review of Frieder Vogelmann (ed.), "Fragmente eines Willens zum Wissen" (2020)

This essay reviews Frieder Vogelmann's edited volume "Fragmente eines Willens zum Wissen" (2020) with a focus on the methodological expansions and conceptual innovations Foucault developed in his lecture courses at the College de France. I discuss the volume as a contribution to Foucault scholarship and a work that shows how Foucault's concepts and methods can be put to work today to examine new problematics that were beyond his own horizon of thought.
Valuation in Investor-State Arbitration: Toward a More Exact Science

The chapter focuses on compensation of fair market value as a means of achieving such reparation, as opposed to restitution, contractual formulas, or moral damages. It sets forth the framework of challenges facing investor-state arbitration, within the context of its continuing expansion. The chapter links those challenges to questions about the legitimacy of valuation. The chapter addresses two fundamental aspects of valuation. First, it discusses the issue of awarding interest. The recent trend toward awarding compound interest illustrates how convergence on damages methodologies furthers the legitimacy of arbitral awards. Second, it describes perhaps the prominent method of determining fair market value: discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. The chapter suggests that tribunals should not reject a well-pleaded DCF analysis simply on the basis of “uncertainty,” “speculation,” and “going concern” tests. The experts would help arbitrators make valuation a more exact science, and that is critical for the legitimacy of investor-state arbitration. Keywords:discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis; exact science; fair market value; investor-state arbitration; legitimacy challenges
MODELS OF MANIC BEHAVIOR IN RATS

Four animal models of mania (spontaneous, environmental, neurotoxic, and neuroenzymatic) were studied. The criteria for manic behavior was based on simultaneous presence of several hyperactive behaviors and abnormal social behaviors. The manic behaviors were controlled with lithium and haloperidol. The metabolism of catecholamines was altered in all 4 models of mania, but a simultaneous decrease in serotonin worsened the mania.
Somatic Cell Genetics and Gene Mapping

Publisher Summary Rapid progress in human gene mapping has achieved chromosomal and regional assignments of more than 400 genes. The combined use of somatic cell genetics and recombinant DNA technology has expanded the scope of mapping particularly for structural genes and has extended gene mapping to the fine structure level. Although this chapter deals mainly with the application of somatic cell genetics to gene mapping in the human genome, the same methodologies have been applied equally well to mapping of genes in many other mammalian species where somatic cell genetics is applicable. Using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of specific DNA markers, a conceptual framework has been established, which promises an eventual construction of a complete human linkage map. Such a complete gene map should aid in prenatal diagnosis in making more predictions that are reliable. The linkage relationships between a polymorphic DNA marker and an inherited disease can be established before the biochemical mechanism of the disease is known.
Modeling and Prediction of Solar Cycles Using Data Assimilation Methods

Variations of solar activity are a result of a complicate dynamo process in the convection zone. We consider this phenomenon in the context of sunspot number variations, which have detailed observational data during the past 23 solar cycles. However, despite the known general properties of the solar cycles a reliable forecast of the 11-year sunspot number is still a problem. The main reasons are imperfect dynamo models and deficiency of the necessary observational data. To solve this problem we propose to use data assimilation methods. These methods combine observational data and models for best possible, efficient and accurate estimates of physical properties that cannot be observed directly. The methods are capable of providing a forecast of the system future state. It is demonstrated that the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method can be used to assimilate the sunspot number data into a non-linear \(\alpha{-}\Upomega\) mean-field dynamo model, which takes into account dynamics of turbulent magnetic helicity. We apply this method for characterization of the solar dynamo properties and for prediction of the sunspot number.
Serum cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease revisited

The biology of lipoproteins and lipoprotein particles as mediators of atherosclerosis has been documented extensively. Numerous prospective epidemiological studies have shown a robust relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or particles bearing apolipoprotein B, and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD); and between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or particles bearing apolipoprotein A1, and decreased risk. These relationships are present across the age spectrum and in both sexes. The causality of LDL cholesterol for CHD has been established by the clinical trials on cholesterol lowering and the Mendelian randomisation studies. However, clinical trials that focus on raising HDL cholesterol, or lowering triglycerides, have yielded mixed results, and the Mendelian randomisation studies have generally not supported causality. Research on the effects of diet on serum cholesterol led to public health guidelines, whose implementation within the last five decades was accompanied by lower population cholesterol levels and CHD burden in all of the countries studied. Over the last three decades, the favourable trends in cholesterol levels and CHD have been supported by the increasing use of statin drugs and improved treatments for myocardial infarction.
Biochemical Studies on the Mode of Action of Cytochalasin B PREPARATION OF [3H]CYTOCHALASIN B AND STUDIES ON ITS BINDING TO CELLS

Abstract Tritium-labeled cytochalasin B of high specific activity (6 Ci per mmole) has been prepared by reduction of cytochalasin A with [3H]NaBH4. The structure of the radioactive product was shown to be identical with that of authentic cytochalasin B by high resolution mass spectrometry, chromatographic analysis, and derivatization. The synthesized compound produced the same effects as authentic cytochalasin B in a number of biological systems. The [3H]cytochalasin B was found to bind rapidly and reversibly to HeLa cells and to bovine blood platelets at both high (10-5 m) and low (10-7 m) drug concentrations. Scatchard plots of binding data indicated that there is a class of high affinity binding sites with dissociation constants of about 10-7 m (about 104 sites per platelet and 106 sites per HeLa cell) and a class of low affinity binding sites with dissociation constants of about 10-5 m. Similar results were obtained with red blood cells and SV40 transformed mouse fibroblasts. Low affinity sites were also found in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, but high affinity sites were not detected. In comparison, bacterial cells bound relatively low levels of cytochalasin B at all drug concentrations.
Nanometre-scale probing of spin waves using single electron spins

Pushing the frontiers of condensed-matter magnetism requires the development of tools that provide real-space, few-nanometre-scale probing of correlated-electron magnetic excitations under ambient conditions. Here we present a practical approach to meet this challenge, using magnetometry based on single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. We focus on spin-wave excitations in a ferromagnetic microdisc, and demonstrate local, quantitative and phase-sensitive detection of the spin-wave magnetic field at ∼50 nm from the disc. We map the magnetic-field dependence of spin-wave excitations by detecting the associated local reduction in the disc's longitudinal magnetization. In addition, we characterize the spin-noise spectrum by nitrogen-vacancy spin relaxometry, finding excellent agreement with a general analytical description of the stray fields produced by spin-spin correlations in a 2D magnetic system. These complementary measurement modalities pave the way towards imaging the local excitations of systems such as ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, skyrmions, atomically assembled quantum magnets, and spin ice.
Decir verdades acalladas y rebatir invisibilidades subalternas: investigación académica en casos legales

This text compares the experiences of two researchers working in legal cases: Roddy Brett's in a trial against former Guatemalan Army high command charged with genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, and Frederic Solop's, as a researcher in a series of cases involving racial profiling in Arizona. The article also examines the researcher's dilemmas as a legal case researcher in a context where the investigation might be questioned and the researcher might in fact find serious tensions and limits between the personal and the professional.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises of two chronic inflammatory conditions—Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) with some overlap. They are thought to occur as an immune dysregulated response to either commensal gut flora or to environmental triggers, manifesting most commonly in the second and third decade of life. However, 25 % of these chronic digestive conditions start in the pediatric age group, with 4 % occurring in younger than 5 years of age; 10,000 new cases are being diagnosed annually. Increasing incidence of IBD is reported from across the world, with higher rates of increase for CD than UC. Environmental triggers like smoking, better living conditions (hygiene hypothesis), infectious agents, commensal bacteria, appendectomy, drugs, and dietary exposure have all been implicated as a potential cause for the increasing incidence of IBD across the world. Emerging data suggesting specific serum and immunogenetic markers has been reported predicting disease course and severity, and potentially response to therapy. This may enable us to individualize therapy, selecting aggressive biological medications for more complicated disease phenotype, minimizing exposure to toxicities and side effects. Utilization of newer disease descriptive techniques like geographical disease pattern analysis and geographical information systems spatial analytic technology, referred to as geocoding, may provide innovative ways of epidemiologic analysis, contributing to our understanding of these diseases. All of these newer descriptive tools place us at the threshold of exciting discoveries and insight into the pathogenesis of these intriguing conditions that afflict almost 1.2 million US residents, 100,000 of them being children.
Speaking Out: What Stepparents Perceive Schools Should Know about Blended Families

(1987). Speaking Out: What Stepparents Perceive Schools Should Know about Blended Families. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 230-235.
Zinc Drives a Tertiary Fold in the Prion Protein with Familial Disease Mutation Sites at the Interface

Summary The cellular prion protein PrP C consists of two domains—a flexible N-terminal domain, which participates in copper and zinc regulation, and a largely helical C-terminal domain that converts to β sheet in the course of prion disease. These two domains are thought to be fully independent and noninteracting. Compelling cellular and biophysical studies, however, suggest a higher order structure that is relevant to both PrP C function and misfolding in disease. Here, we identify a Zn 2+ -driven N-terminal to C-terminal tertiary interaction in PrP C . The C-terminal surface participating in this interaction carries the majority of the point mutations that confer familial prion disease. Investigation of mutant PrPs finds a systematic relationship between the type of mutation and the apparent strength of this domain structure. The structural features identified here suggest mechanisms by which physiologic metal ions trigger PrP C trafficking and control prion disease.
Likelihood methods for single-diode model parameter estimation from noisy I–V curve data

Characterizing photovoltaic (PV) device performance is important for the growth of the PV industry. Performance is often characterized by a set of key parameters for the PV device in question: open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum power. For a wide range of devices, the key performance parameters are a function of the parameters of a single-diode circuit model. In this paper, we present a statistical model for current-voltage-irradiance data of a PV device using a five-parameter single-diode model. The goal is to estimate the single-diode model parameters and key performance parameters with quantified uncertainty. Specifically, we find maximum likelihood estimates, quantify uncertainty via confidence intervals for the model and key performance parameters, and explore two important statistical properties of this model—identifiability and estimability.
Observations and temperatures of Io's Pele Patera from Cassini and Galileo spacecraft images

Abstract Pele has been the most intense high-temperature hotspot on Io to be continuously active during the Galileo monitoring from 1996–2001. A suite of characteristics suggests that Pele is an active lava lake inside a volcanic depression. In 2000–2001, Pele was observed by two spacecraft, Cassini and Galileo. The Cassini observations revealed that Pele is variable in activity over timescales of minutes, typical of active lava lakes in Hawaii and Ethiopia. These observations also revealed that the short-wavelength thermal emission from Pele decreases with rotation of Io by a factor significantly greater than the cosine of the emission angle, and that the color temperature becomes more variable and hotter at high emission angles. This behavior suggests that a significant portion of the visible thermal emission from Pele comes from lava fountains within a topographically confined lava body. High spatial resolution, nightside images from a Galileo flyby in October 2001 revealed a large, relatively cool (
Illusory Causal Crescents: Misperceived Spatial Relations Due to Perceived Causality

When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent, at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collisionie we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception. Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation. This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect the perception of other spatial properties.
Impact of precursors choice on characteristics of PEALD SiN for spacer applications

As transistor size continues to shrink, the need for conformal spacer which is insensitive to loading condition arises. Previously we have reported improved device characteristics for transistors with PEALD SiN spacer compared to those with CVD SiN spacer. In this work characteristics of PEALD SiN spacer deposited with liquid or gas precursors is studied. Good device properties are obtained with both precursor types, with slightly better iso-loading characteristics for devices with SiN deposited using liquid precursor.