cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in distress: mental health consequences of environmental stress among jail inmates

The present study examines the influence of gender and environmental stress on the mental health of a sample of 198 male and female jail inmates. Environmental stress is conceptualized as the degree of congruence between inmates' demand and the jail's supply of several environmental features. A state of incongruence was hypothesized to increase the mental distress of jail inmates. In addition, it was hypothesized that female inmates would have higher levels of distress than male inmates, with environmental stress as a possible explanation for gender differences in distress. Female inmates were found to have significantly higher levels of mental distress than males. However, environmental stress was found to be equally detrimental to the mental health of both male and female inmates. Thus, although congruence between environmental demand and supply is a significant predictor of mental health, it is not an explanation for the alarmingly high levels of mental distress found among female inmates.
The Problem of a Plurality of Eternal Beings in Robert Grosseteste

The topic of this essay is what I name “Christian dualism,” the idea that God the Creator and creatures comprise an exhaustive and mutually exclusive classification of the contents of reality. I am concerned with one of the most penetrating discussions of this issue to be found in the early thirteenth century, Robert Grosseteste’s treatment of challenges to Christian dualism.
Entre cifras y normas legales: el trabajo de los menores en Bolivia

This The present article have the issue of child and teenager labor in Bolivia, from a review of the current legislation, that pretends to protect them, the statistics number about this kind of works and the relation between the legal dispositions and the job reality in the street and also outside it, showing that much remains to be done to produce a real protection of the rights of working children.
Identification of the gene and characterization of the activity of the trans-aconitate methyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have identified the yeast open reading frame YER175c as the gene encoding the trans- aconitate methyltransferase of Saccharomyces cereVisiae. Extracts of a yeast strain with a disrupted YER175c gene demonstrate a complete loss of activity toward the methyl-accepting substrates trans-aconitate, cis- aconitate, DL-isocitrate, and citrate. Reintroduction of the YER175c gene on a plasmid results in an overexpression of the activity toward each of these methyl-accepting substrates. We now designate this gene TMT1 for trans-aconitate methyltransferase. We examined the methyl-accepting substrate specificity of this enzyme in extracts from overproducing cells. We found that trans-aconitate was the best substrate with a Km of 0.66 mM. Other substrates were recognized much more poorly, including cis-aconitate with a Km of 74 mM and the decarboxylation product itaconate with a Km of 44 mM. The ratio of the maximal velocity to the Km of these substrates was only 0.24% and 0.9% that of trans-aconitate; for other substrates including citrate and other tricarboxylate and dicarboxylate derivatives, this ratio ranged from 0.0003% to 0.062% that of trans-aconitate. We then asked if any of these compounds were present endogenously in yeast extracts. We were able to identify trans-aconitate 5-methyl ester as well as additional unidentified radiolabeled products when S-adenosyl-L-(methyl- 3 H)methionine was mixed with TMT1 + extracts (but not with tmt1 - extracts), suggesting that there may be additional substrates for this enzyme. We showed that the product 5-methyl ester of trans-aconitate is not readily metabolized in yeast extracts. Finally, we demonstrated that the activity of the yeast trans-aconitate methyltransferase is localized in the cytosol and increases markedly as cells undergo the metabolic transition at the diauxic shift.
Non-Cooperation in Competitive P2P Networks

Large-scale competitive P2P networks are threatened by the non-cooperation problem, where peers do not forward queries to potential competitors. Non-cooperation will be a growing problem in such applications as pay-per-transaction file-sharing, P2P auctions, and P2P service discovery networks, where peers are in competition with each other to provide services. Here, the authors showed how non-cooperation causes unacceptable degradation in quality of results, and present an economic protocol to address this problem. This protocol, called the RTR protocol, is based on the buying and selling of the right-to-respond (RTR) to each query in the network. Through simulations it is shown how the RTR protocol not only overcomes non-cooperation by providing proper incentives to peers, but also results in a network that is even more effective and efficient through intelligent, incentive-compatible routing of messages
Mechanism of Suppression of Vasopressin during Alpha-Adrenergic Stimulation with Norepinephrine

Recent studies have demonstrated that the water diuresis associated with intravenous infusion of norepinephrine is mediated primarly by suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release. To investigate whether the increase in cerebral perfusion pressure with intravenous norepinephrine (0.5 mug/kg/min) is directly responsible for suppression of ADH release, the carotid circulation of dogs was pump-perfused bilaterally to selectively increase cerebral perfusion pressure. In six experiments cerebral perfusion pressure was increased from a mean of 125 to 151 mm Hg and then returned to 120 mm Hg. This maneuver was not associated with a reversible increase in renal water excretion. The possibility was also examined that norepinephrine exerts a direct central effect to suppress ADH release. In 12 experiments norepinephrine was infused into the carotid artery in a subpressor dose (0.12 mug/kg/min) estimated to equal the amount of the catecholamine reaching the cerebral circulation with intravenous norepinephrine. The urinary osmolality (Uosm) was not significantly altered with intracarotid norepinephrine (932 to 959 mosmol/kg H(2)O. The possibility was also examined that changes in autonomic neural tone from arterial baroreceptors is responsible for suppression of ADH release with intravenous norepinephrine. In sham-operated animals intravenous norepinephrine diminished Uosm from 1,034 to 205 mosmol/kg H(2)O (P<0.001) whereas in animals with denervated arterial baroreceptors intravenous norepinephrine was not associated with a significant alteration in Uosm (1,233 to 1,232 mosmol/kg) H(2)O. These different effects on urinary osmolality occurred in the absence of differences in plasma osmolality and volume status. The results therefore indicate that norepinephrine primarily suppresses ADH release by altering autonomic baroreceptor tone rather than by a direct central or pressor effect of the catecholamine. This same mechanism may be the primary pathway for other nonosmotic influences on ADH release.
Membrane capacitance in frog cut twitch fibers mounted in a double vaseline-gap chamber.

In experiments on cut muscle fibers mounted in a double Vaseline-gap chamber, electrical measurements are usually made by measuring the voltage V1(t) in one end pool and by passing current I2(t) from the other end pool to the central pool, which is usually clamped to earth potential. The voltage in the current-passing end pool is denoted by V2(t). This article describes how the value of the holding current, Ih, and the values of delta V2(infinity)/delta V1(infinity) and delta I2(infinity)/delta V1(infinity) that are associated with a small change in V1(t) can be used to estimate the linear cable parameters rm, ri, and re in a cut fiber that has been equilibrated with a Cs-containing internal solution. rm, ri, and re represent, respectively, the resistance of the plasma membranes, the internal longitudinal resistance, and the external longitudinal resistance under the Vaseline seals, all for a unit length of fiber. The apparent capacitance, Capp, of the preparation is defined to equal integral of infinity 0 delta I2,tr(t) dt/delta V1(infinity), in which delta I2,tr(t) represents the transient component of current that is associated with a change in V1(t) of amplitude delta V1(infinity). A method is described to estimate cm, the capacitance of the plasma membranes per unit length of fiber, from Capp and the values of rm, ri, and re. In experiments carried out with a tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA.Cl) solution at 13-14 degrees C in the central pool, cm remained stable for as long as 3-4 h. The values of cm, 0.19 microF/cm on average, and their variation with fiber diameter are similar to published results from intact fibers. This article also describes the different pathways that are taken by the current that flows from the current-passing end pool to the central pool. Approximately two-thirds of delta I2,tr(t) flows across the capacitance of the plasma membranes in the central-pool region. The rest flows either across plasma membranes that are under the two Vaseline seals or directly from the current-passing end pool to the central pool, across the external longitudinal resistance under the Vaseline seal. [There is also a current that flows directly from the voltage-measuring end pool to the central pool but this does not contribute to delta I2,tr(t).]
Radiotherapy alone or combined with neck dissection for T1-T2 carcinoma of the pyriform sinus : an alternative to conservation surgery

Abstract Purpose: We present our experience with irradiation alone or combined with neck dissection for AJCC T 1 − T 2 pyriform sinus carcinoma and compare our results to those obtained with conservation surgery. Methods and Materials: Seventy-three patients were treated between 1964 and 1990. All patients had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up; no patient was lost to follow-up. Results: The 5-year rates of local control and ultimate local control were, for Stage T 1 (17 patients), 88% and 94%; and for Stage T 2 (56 patients), 79% and 91%. Patients with T 2 lesions had a significantly higher rate of local control after twice-daily, compared with once-daily, irradiation ( p = .04). However, a multivariate analysis of various parameters revealed that none of the variables tested significantly influenced this end point: vocal cord mobility ( p = .15), once- vs. twice-daily fractionation ( p = .33), T 1 vs. T 2 ( p = .32), apex invasion ( p = .58), and pretreatment CT scan ( p = .67). Local control with laryngeal voice preservation was obtained in 88% of patients with T 1 cancers and 80% of those with T 2 cancers. Ultimate control above the clavicles at 5 years according to AJCC stage was as follows: I and II, 100%; III, 78%; IVA, 75%; and IVB, 60%. The probability of cause-specific survival at 5 years was as follows: I and II, 100%; III, 83%; and IVA and IVB, 51%. Overall, nine patients (12%) developed severe complications, one of which was fatal. Conclusion: Compared with available data from series using conservation surgery, radiotherapy alone or followed by neck dissection results in similar rates of local control and survival with a significantly lower risk of fatal complications.
The Memory of May ′68: The Ironic Interruption and Democratic Commitment of the Atelier Populaire

This is a copy of an article published in the Design Issues © 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. Available at http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/desi
Composition of image analysis processes through object-centered hierarchical planning

This paper presents a new approach to the knowledge-based composition of processes for image interpretation and analysis. Its computer implementation in the VISIPLAN (Vision Planner) system provides a way of modeling the composition of image analysis processes within a unified, object-centered hierarchical planning framework. The approach has been tested and shown to be flexible in handling a reasonably broad class of multi-modality biomedical image analysis and interpretation problems. It provides a relatively general design or planning framework, within which problem specific image analysis and recognition processes can be generated more efficiently and effectively. In this way, generality is gained at the design and planning stages, even though the final implementation stage of interpretation processes is almost invariably problem- and domain-specific. >
Sex differences in corpus callosum size: relationship to age and intracranial size

This quantitative MRI study reports measurement of corpus callosum area taken from midsagittal brain images in 51 healthy men and 41 healthy women, spanning the adult age range (22 to 71 years). Men had larger brains and corpora callosa than women, but callosal size did not correlate with age in either sex. Intracranial (i.c.) volume (ICV) and midsagittal i.c. area (ICA) of brain were used in covariate, regression, and ratio analyses to determine whether sex differences in the corpus callosum endured with statistical adjustment for sex differences in maximally attained brain size. With the exception of one ratio measure, the different statistical adjustments for the contribution of sex differences in brain size to corpus callosum size all indicated that men had larger corpora callosa than women for their brain size. A subsample of men and women selected to be matched on i.c. volume and age confirmed this statistical observation. Sexual dimorphism in the corpus callosum is not a simple artifact of sex differences in brain size and may reflect differences in connectivity necessitated by differences in brain size.
Performance Appraisal and Merit Pay Systems: the Disasters Multiply

Even the General Accounting Office holds that performance appraisals do not measure the quality of the workforce, but many governments are making them the cornerstone of personnel manage ment and the basis for merit pay awards. These systems cannot work because they are out of step with the central premise of modern Western philosophy, i.e., all knowledge is uncertain. Bosses, therefore, cannot know enough to make detailed appraisals of their subordinates' performance. The resulting atmosphere of fear and threat destroys morale, even among the presumed "winners."
Incremental Prognostic Value of Stress Echocardiography Over Clinical and Stress Electrocardiographic Variables in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction: “Warranty Time” of a Normal Stress Echocardiogram

BACKGROUND: Patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) are at increased risk of subsequent cardiac events (MI or cardiac death). The incremental prognostic value and warranty time of a normal stress echocardiogram in this high-risk population is not well defined. METHODS: We evaluated 251 consecutive patients (62 +/- 11 years; 64% males) with remote history of MI (>6 weeks) undergoing stress echocardiography (83% dobutamine). Ischemia was defined as a new reversible wall motion abnormality and/or biphasic response. Follow-up for up to 4 years (mean 2.9 +/- 1.0 years) for confirmed MI (n = 7) and cardiac death (n = 15) were obtained. RESULTS: Stress echocardiography effectively risk stratified patients into normal versus abnormal subgroups (Event rate 0.8% per year vs 4.2% per year; P = 0.01; RR = 5.6, 95% CI = 1.3-24.7). In patients with a normal stress echocardiogram, the event rate at the end of 6, 12, and 18 months were 1% per year). Stress echocardiography yields incremental prognostic value over clinical and stress electrocardiographic variables (Global chi-square increased from 12.4 to 25 to 31.1, P < 0.0001 both groups). CONCLUSIONS: Stress echocardiography yields appropriate risk stratification and prognosis and provides incremental prognostic value over clinical and stress electrocardiographic variables even in patients with prior MI. A normal stress echocardiogram portends a benign prognosis (<1% event rate/year) for up to 18 months.
Factory monitoring and control using the Internet

In this tutorial the author explores the premise that the Internet and the World Wide Web, when combined with the software tools developed to support electronic commerce, are the enabling factors for achieving remote factory monitoring and control (and, ultimately, industrial control in general). We look briefly at the issues of: system architecture; web protocols and services; wired and wireless access; Java programming; Jini lookup services; multimedia; multicast; privacy and security; reliability; factory monitoring; instrument control; and the research challenges for fast, closed-loop, real-time control.
AN EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF TIME‐OUT PROCEDURES WITH AND WITHOUT RELEASE CONTINGENCIES

A common recommendation for implementing time-out procedures is to include a release contingency such that the individual is not allowed to leave time-out until no problem behavior has occurred for a specific amount of time (e.g, 30 s). We compared a fixed-duration time-out procedure to a release contingency time-out procedure with 4 young children (3- and 4-year-olds) using a reversal and multielement design. Results demonstrated that both time-out procedures were effective at reducing problem behavior outside time-out, problem behavior occurred in time-out during both procedures, and problem behavior in time-out was not predictive of problem behavior outside time-out.
Dimensional analysis of the electrical activity in fibrillating isolated hearts

The dynamical behavior of the electrophysiological response at the epicardium of isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart during different induced arrhythmic conditions is studied with the use of the correlation dimension D2 and Lyapunov exponents. Different conditions are investigated: normal sinus rhythm (NSR), normal sinus rhythm after ischemia (NSRI), and ventricular fibrillation with and without perfusion (VFWP and VF, respectively). Both single lead and simultaneous recordings from four leads are analyzed. The correlation dimensions during VF and VFWP are significantly higher than during NSR or NSRI, although low-dimensional attractors could not be clearly observed in VF and VFWP. Our conclusions are (a) that isolated hearts behave periodically during NSR, probably because the heart does not have to cope with time-varying demands either from the nervous system or from the metabolism; (b) during NSRI, spatially different regions of the heart show periodicities or chaotic behavior with low-dimensions, possibly due to electrophysiological inhomogeneity of the heart tissue; (c) during VF and VFWP, an intrinsic change in the dynamics seems to occur, and the heart behaves as a high-dimensional system, wherein VFWP signals show a greater spatial homogeneity than do VF signals. We propose a possible interpretation of the results in terms of the synchronization of cells by a pacemaker and desynchronization as a result of malignant arrhythmias.
Salvage Surgery after Failed Treatment of Synthetic Mesh Sling Complications

Purpose: We report our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of refractory synthetic sling complications in women.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive women with failed treatments for mesh sling complications. Before and after surgery the patients completed validated questionnaires and voiding diaries, and underwent uroflow with post-void residuals, pad test, cystourethroscopy and videourodynamic studies. Treatment was individualized, and results were subdivided into the 2 groups of conditions and symptoms. Outcomes were assessed with the Patient Global Impression of Improvement with success classified as a score of 1, improvement as 2 to 3 and failure as 4 to 7.Results: A total of 47 women 35 to 83 years old (mean 60) had undergone at least 1 prior operation (range 1 to 4) to correct sling complications. Original sling composition was type 1 mesh in 36 patients and types 2 and 3 in 11. Surgical procedures included sling incision, sling excision, urethrolysis, urethral...
EGFR expression and HER2/neu overexpression/amplification in endometrial carcinosarcoma

Abstract Objective. Endometrial carcinosarcomas are aggressive biphasic neoplasms traditionally treated as a high-grade uterine sarcoma. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2/neu (HER2) tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of several human cancers and are targets for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate for HER2 and EGFR expression in cases of endometrial carcinosarcoma. Methods. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 55 cases of confirmed endometrial carcinosarcoma were immunostained with commercially available antibodies to EGFR and HER2. Fluorescent in situ hybridization for HER2 gene amplification was performed on all cases showing 2+ or 3+ HER2 staining by immunohistochemistry. HER2 gene amplification and EGFR expression were correlated with several prognostic variables. Results. EGFR expression was identified in the majority of tumors (45/55, 82%). HER2 overexpression (3+) was seen in 14/55 (25%) cases and HER2 gene amplification was seen in 11 (20%) cases. EGFR expression and HER2 gene amplification did not show significant correlation with disease progression, disease-free survival or overall survival. The carcinomatous component of tumors more frequently showed HER2 overexpression as compared to the sarcomatous component (25% vs. 4%, P = 0.008). The sarcomatous component of tumors more frequently showed EGFR overexpression as compared to the carcinomatous component (44% vs. 24%, P = 0.04). Conclusions. EGFR and HER2 appear to play a role in the carcinogenesis of endometrial carcinosarcomas. The carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements of these tumors showed consistent differences in HER2 and EGFR expression patterns supporting biologic differences between these components. Studies evaluating the clinical utility of HER2 or EGFR targeted therapy in these tumors appear warranted.
Hamiltonian weights and unique 3-edge-colorings of cubic graphs

ABSTRACT Cun-Quan Zhang DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMA TICS WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA A (1,2)-eulerian weight w of a graph is hamiltonian if every faithful cover of w is a set of two Hamilton circuits. Let G be a 3-connected cubic graph containing no subdivision of the Petersen graph. We prove that if G admits a hamiltonian weight then G is uniquely 3-edge-colorable. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1. INTRODUCTION Most standard graph-theoretic tenns that are used in this paper can be found for instance in [3]. All graphs we considered in this paper may have multiple edges but no loops. A (1, 2)-eulerian weight w of a 2-connected graph G is a weight w: E(G) 1-')0 {l, 2} such that the total weight of each edge-cut is even. A faithful cover of w is a family C of circuits such that each edge e is contained in precisely w(e) circuits of C. The topic of faithful coverings of eulerian weights has attracted many mathematicians (see survey papers [6-9,19], etc.). Some well-known conjectures on this topic (such as the circuit double cover conjecture due to Szekeres [12] and, Seymour [11]) still remain open. A cubic graph is uniquely 3-edge-colorable if G has precisely one I-factorization. The topic of uniquely 3-edge-colorable cubic graphs is also a very interesting topic in graph theory (see [13,14,17,4, and 10], etc.). Some well-known conjectures (such as every planar, uniquely 3-edge­colorable, cubic graph has a triangle due to Fiorini and Wilson [4]) still remain open. In this paper, we will study the relations between the faithful coverings and the uniquely 3-edge-colorability of cubic graphs.
Cobalt Plaque Therapy of Posterior Uveal Melanomas

One hundred patients with choroidal melanomas who were treated by the authors with cobalt plaque radiotherapy were analyzed with regard to tumor regression, visual results, complications, and mortality rate. The follow-up period at the time of this writing ranged from one to five years. These preliminary observations indicate that cobalt plaque radiotherapy induces tumor regression in 96% of cases, preserves useful vision in many cases and has fewer complications during the one- to five-year follow-up period than previously believed.
The effect of fuel injection on NOx emissions and undesirable combustion for hydrogen-fuelled piston engines

In order to determine the potential of direct cylinder injection for hydrogen-fuelled engines, an experimental study was performed with an ASTM-CFR engine. Both the standard Otto head and the standard diesel head were used. Measurements were made of power output, thermal efficiency, and oxides of nitrogen emissions. The feasibility was investigated of a scheme in which injection of gaseous hydrogen starts late in the compression stroke, ignition occurs as soon as possible thereafter, and combustion rate is determined by injection rate. This scheme prevents undesirable combustion phenomena such as pre-ignition, high rates of cylinder pressure rise, and high amplitude pressure waves in the cylinder. Furthermore, it obviates flashback into the carburetor. The potential of hydrogen as a low pollution fuel was investigated by operating the Otto head engine on both hydrogen and indolene, and by comparing the resulting NOx, emissions. Hydrogen yielded very low NOx emissions provided the fuel-air equivalence ratio was less than 0.5, and provided the hydrogen and air were well mixed. For equivalence ratios greater than 0.5, hydrogen yielded NOx emissions that were higher than those obtained with indolene. The timing of hydrogen injection was found to have a significant effect on NOx emissions. With an unthrottled air intake and hydrogen injection at equivalence ratios between 0.3 and 0.8, indicated mean effective pressures ranged from 0.3 to 0.78 MPa. Corresponding indicated thermal efficiencies ranged from 43 to 31%. By decreasing the equivalence ratio to 0.1, the IMEP could be reduced to 0.07 MPa, thus providing an indicated load range of more than a factor of 10.
Tutorial: OMG data distribution service

In many distributed applications, communication patterns follow a data-centric message exchange style of interaction, where applications publish data and other applications express interest in this data by subscribing to it. Applications of this sort can be found in industrial automation, the C4I sector (command, control, communications, computers and intelligence), telecom equipment control, sensor networks, and network management.
Localize vehicles using wireless traffic sensors

Recently, wireless traffic sensors present themselves as a low cost and non-intrusive alternative to wired traffic sensors. We propose a vehicle localization method that utilizes the signals of the wireless sensors. A vehicle is equipped with a receiver and overhears the geo-tagged packets transmitted by wireless traffic sensors. An onboard computer then computes the distribution of possible vehicle locations using an algorithm based on the principles of particle filtering. In our simulation, the proposed method outperforms the proximity centroid method by an average of 79%.
Predominant Polyembryoma component in a testicular mixed germ cell tumor : A Rare entity”

Polyembryoma in pure form is a rare entity, more often associated with other germ cell tumor components, commonly observed as a part of malignant mixed germ cell tumor with predominant yolk-sac component. We report a case of a 23 year old male having malignant mixed germ cell tumor of testis in which major component was polyembryoma (>65%) and rest were teratomatous and yolk sac component with an elevated level of serum ?-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). He was treated with surgery followed by combination chemotherapy and doing well till now.
PFAFFIAN EQUATIONS SATISFIED BY DIFFERENTIAL MODULAR FORMS

The ring of (ordinary) isogeny covariant differential modular forms introduced in (3) was shown in (1) to be described by two basic forms introduced in (3) and (1) respectively. We prove that these two forms satisfy a simple triangular system of Pfaffian equations (in characteristic zero). The equation giving the form in (1) is "integrable by quadratures" which gives a closed form expression for this form; the equation giving the form in (3) is shown not to be "integrable by quadratures".
Abstract 5489: Feasibility study of gut microbiome collection in randomly sampled women

Systemic estrogen level strongly determines risk for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). We hypothesize that differences in hormone metabolism by the gut microbiota may contribute to BC risk by modulating enterohepatic circulation of estrogens. We conducted a study to determine the feasibility of enrolling healthy postmenopausal members of Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) in a fecal microbiome study. With electronic medical records, we created a pool of potentially eligible women aged 55-69 who recently had a negative screening mammogram. We excluded those with any hormone prescription in the prior 12 months, an antibiotic prescription in the prior 6 months, or history of cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or other conditions likely to affect fecal microbiota. A packet (invitation letter, informed consent form, information pamphlet, and opt-out postcard) was sent to 250 randomly sampled women. Women who have not returned the postcard are contacted by KPCO research staff to determine interest in participating, verify eligibility, and obtain verbal informed consent. Consented participants were mailed a second packet with a self-administered risk factor questionnaire, link to an on-line diet questionnaire, collection kit for urine (to measure 15 estrogens) and stool specimens, and shipping instructions to the laboratory. Enrollees have spent an estimated 1-2 hours completing all recruitment and data collection components. To date, 60 (24%) have enrolled, 70 (28%) refused (most via the opt-out card), and the remainder are pending phone contact. As shown in the table, the enrolled women are similar to the total sample; slightly more of them are non-Hispanic white, and they are more likely to have a history of breast biopsy. These data demonstrate that we can successfully recruit an apparently representative sample of women into a microbiome study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5489. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5489
Precipitation Strengthening Of Rapidly Solidified Austenitic Stainless Steels

Precipitation kinetics was studied in a rapidly solidified 316 stainless steel containing 0.22% C and 1% Ti. A high density of fine TiC particles was obtained by annealing at 923 to 973 K. An increase in recrystallization temperature and room temperature yield strength was observed as compared with the rapidly solidified 316 stainless steel with a nominal carbon and titanium content. An extension of solid solubility by rapid solidification thus offers a potential for developing precipitation strengthened austenitic stainless steels to improve structural and mechanical stability and likely the irradiation resistance.
Energy Levels of Ce 2 + in Ca F 2

The absorption spectrum of cerium-doped Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been observed at several temperatures. When the cerium is reduced to the divalent state at room temperature, the absorption spectrum of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{2+}$ is found to be unstable against thermal decay or bleaching by visible light; furthermore, this spectrum is found to comprise one state of a photochromic system. The absorption spectrum of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{2+}$ at low temperature is seen to consist of transitions to levels of the $4{f}^{2}$ configuration. This identification is confirmed by a conventional crystal-field calculation of the energy levels and wave functions of the $4f5d$ and $4{f}^{2}$ electronic configurations of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{2+}$ occupying a cubic site in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, which shows that while the ground state of the free divalent cerium ion is a level of the $4{f}^{2}$ configuration, the ground state of this ion in a sufficiently strong crystal field (${D}_{q}g1000$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) is a ${T}_{2}$ level of the $4f5d$ configuration. Observations of the Zeeman effect have been made which confirm the ${T}_{2}$ character of the ground state. The energies and relative intensities of the allowed transitions between this ground state and the levels of the $4{f}^{2}$ configuration which were calculated using these wave functions were found to be good agreement with our optical and near-infrared absorption data, the agreement being especially good for the near-infrared portion of the spectrum.
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

This chapter reviews literature on adolescent and emerging adult religiosity from the past decade to summarize what is currently known about religion in these developmental stages. Specifically, this chapter provides a portrait of adolescent and emerging adult religiosity, as well as a discussion of how religiosity changes during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood and how religiosity differs by gender, race and ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation. This chapter also summarizes work on key sources of religious socialization for adolescents and emerging adults (family, peers, education, congregations, media, and religious traditions) and the influence of religion on various adolescent and emerging adult developmental outcomes. The chapter concludes by summarizing areas in which additional work is needed to more fully understand adolescent and emerging adult religiosity.
Meditation for posttraumatic stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials of meditation interventions to provide estimates of their efficacy and safety in treating adults diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review was based on an
Harnessing the Microbiome to Prevent Fungal Infections: Lessons from Amphibians.

Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1136640). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Effects on the Proton Conduction Limiting Barriers and Trajectories in BaZr0.875Y0.125O3 Due to the Presence of Other Protons

Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) and graph searches show that proton conduction limiting barriers and trajectories in BaZr 0.875 Y 0.125 O₃ are affected by the presence of other protons. At 1000 K, KMC limiting conduction barriers increase from 0.39 eV to 0.45 eV as the proton number is increased. The proton-proton radial distribution begins to rise at 2 A and peaks at 4 A, which is half the distance expected, based on the proton concentration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations find proton/proton distances of 2.60 and 2.16 A in the lowest energy two-proton configurations. A simple average of the limiting barriers for 7-10 step periodic long range paths found via graph theory at 1100 K shows an increase in activation barrier from 0.32 eV to 0.37 eV when a proton is added. Both KMC and graph theory show that protons can affect each other’s pathways and raise the overall conduction barriers.
Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), A Retrospective Analysis in Young Adults.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Over the last four decades survival of patients with HL has improved. Various risk factors (stage III/IV, abnormal ESR, bulky mediastinal disease, >3 involved nodes, extranodal involvement) classify patients into prognostic groups for treatment accordingly. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to review the risk factors, treatments and outcomes in young adults with HL over the past 25 years in our Unit. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 55 young adults 16–23 years old (25 women, 35 men), treated from 1978–2003, was performed. Patients were divided according to risk factors into three prognostic groups: low (stage I/II without risk factors; 5 patients [9.1%]), intermediate (stageI/II with risk factors; 19 patients [34.5%]) and advanced HL (stage IIB with bulky mediastinal disease and extranodal involvement or stage III/IV; 31 patients [56.4%]). Patients were treated with established chemotherapy regimens available at each time period including MOPP (Group A, 1978–1987; 17 patients), MOPP/ABVD (Group B, 1988–1993; 21 patients), and ABVD or BEACOPP (Group C, 1994–2003; 17 patients). Patients with bulky disease at diagnosis (>5cm) or residual disease following chemotherapy received additional radiotherapy. RESULTS: Histological diagnosis included 42 nodular sclerosis, 10 mixed cellularity and 3 lymphocyte predominant. Thirty five patients had mediastinal involvement (16 patients with bulky disease). Following chemotherapy completion 27 patients were referred for radiotherapy. A total of 21 patients experienced relapse (5 intermediate and 16 advanced stage), of whom 14 (66 %) within the first 2 years of diagnosis. Although the follow up periods were not equal between the three treatment groups, surveillance of evaluable patients showed significant improvement of the 5-year survival and 5-year relapse rate (Group A:64.7% and 47%, Group B:80.9% and 33.3%, Group C:94.1 % and 11.7% respectively) over the years. Eight out of 10 mixed cellularity patients died. One second primary malignacy (acute non lymphocytic leukaemia) was observed. In our study albumin less than 4 g/dl, and lymphocyte count less than 8% were identified as the most important risk factors in relation to relapse and survival regardless treatment. CONCLUSION: Survival of young patients with HL is significantly improving over the last 25 years most probably due to improved treatment resources and understanding of risk factors. Tailoring treatment according to prognostic groups and inclusion of molecular markers is expected to refine further treatment strategies and improve survival.
Genomic Functionalization: The Next Revolution In Biology

We have implemented a ligand-alignment algorithm into our developed computational pipeline for identifying specificity-determining features (SDFs) in protein-ligand complexes. Given a set of protein-ligand complex structures, the algorithm aligns the complexes by ligand rather than by the C -RMSD or standard approach, providing a single reference frame for extracting SDFs. We anticipate that this ligand-alignment capability will be highly useful for protein function prediction. We already have a database containing > 20 K ligand-protein complex crystal structures taken from the Protein Data Bank. By aligning these proteins to single reference frames using ligand alignment, we can submit the complexes to our pipeline for SDF extraction. The SDFs derived from this training procedure can be used as thumbprints that are hallmarks of individual enzyme classes. These SDF thumbprints may then serve as guides to the prediction of function of new unknown proteins.
Price-aware real-time ride-sharing at scale: an auction-based approach

Real-time ride-sharing, which enables on-the-fly matching between riders and drivers (even en-route), is an important problem due to its environmental and societal benefits. With the emergence of many ride-sharing platforms (e.g., Uber and Lyft), the design of a scalable framework to match riders and drivers based on their various constraints while maximizing the overall profit of the platform becomes a distinguishing business strategy.A key challenge of such framework is to satisfy both types of the users in the system, e.g., reducing both riders' and drivers' travel distances. However, the majority of the existing approaches focus only on minimizing the total travel distance of drivers which is not always equivalent to shorter trips for riders. Hence, we propose a fair pricing model that simultaneously satisfies both the riders' and drivers' constraints and desires (formulated as their profiles). In particular, we introduce a distributed auction-based framework where each driver's mobile app automatically bids on every nearby request taking into account many factors such as both the driver's and the riders' profiles, their itineraries, the pricing model, and the current number of riders in the vehicle. Subsequently, the server determines the highest bidder and assigns the rider to that driver. We show that this framework is scalable and efficient, processing hundreds of tasks per second in the presence of thousands of drivers. We compare our framework with the state-of-the-art approaches in both industry and academia through experiments on New York City's taxi dataset. Our results show that our framework can simultaneously match more riders to drivers (i.e., higher service rate) by engaging the drivers more effectively. Moreover, our frame-work schedules shorter trips for riders (i.e., better service quality). Finally, as a consequence of higher service rate and shorter trips, our framework increases the overall profit of the ride-sharing platforms.
Mercury emission control: Phase II. Let’s now go passive

Abstract The US Environmental Protection Agency’s plan for a National set of standards limiting mercury emission from coal power plants has recently hit a setback. A decision by the US Supreme Court rejected this based on the two available methods having a burdensome cost basis. Moreover, even if the activated charcoal or bromine addition methods do become standard in the US, their cost may still inhibit global implementation. As a result it is timely to develop alternate methods. This paper outlines further development of such an approach. It is based on mercury’s own chemistry. Previous published work discovered that elemental mercury, although volatile, has a propensity for heterogeneous chemistry on warm non-catalytic surfaces. This paper now reports results of a second pilot plant test continuing its clarification, extension and further validation of practicality. It extends data to inexpensive base metal surfaces that can be used and indicates the extent of mercury control possible. This non-catalytic heterogeneous chemistry has been overlooked due to this disguising role of surfaces. It is this that now suggests a passive mitigation method, natural to the system. By providing inserted metal surfaces in the downstream flue gas flow, mercury can be chemically modified and controlled.
Limb stabilization in older adults and chronic stroke survivors: A pilot study

Visual fidelity influences many aspects of daily living, including stabilizing wrist movements against environmental perturbations. Here, we present a pilot investigation to determine how visual feedback impacts wrist stabilization for populations with age related declines in motor function and chronic stroke. To quantify these interactions, behavioral performance and local brain activation were observed during a task requiring stabilization of the wrist against constant and stochastic extensor torque perturbations. All subjects were better able to stabilize their wrist when veridical visual feedback of their limb was provided. Examination of the neural activation maps in the Control and Aging populations revealed patterns of neural activity commonly associated with feedback control of limb position. The Stroke survivor, however, exhibited a different pattern of neural activity, possibly due to the lack of sensory feedback employment.
Associations of Glycemic Control With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

BackgroundThere is a lack of data on the relationship between glycemic control and cardiovascular end points in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods and ResultsWe included adult Me...
Methods in Creativity Research: Multiple Approaches, Multiple Levels

Publisher Summary This chapter covers the methods employed in studies of creativity and innovation. Creative products represent the production of viable, original solutions to problems that call for, or permit, creativity. When creativity is viewed as a product, albeit an intellectual one, arising in response to certain types of problems, the key methodological concern in studies of creativity becomes apparent. Of these characteristics of creative problems, the concept of ill definition has, perhaps, received the most attention. For ill-defined problems, no one solution will suffice. Rather multiple different, albeit potentially viable, solutions may be generated. In fact, recognition of this point led to the development of divergent thinking tests. Ill-definition, however, is not simply a matter of multiple potential, equally viable, solutions being possible. Ill-defined problems allow the problem to be construed, or understood, in different ways. Thus, an organizational purchase problem may be understood in terms of enhancing financial viability, increasing absorptive capacity, or amortizing risks. These alternative ways of framing, or approaching, the problem allow for the generation of multiple potential responses. Similarly, exactly what constitutes a viable solution may not be apparent.
Surgical Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline

Purpose: Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men and can have negative effects on quality of life (QoL). It is the hope that this Guideline becomes a reference on the effective evidence-based surgical management of LUTS/BPH.Materials and Methods: The evidence team searched Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) database to identify studies indexed between January 2007 and September 2017. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence was assigned a strength rating of A (high), B (moderate), or C (low) for support of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendations. In the absence of sufficient evidence, additional information is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions (table 1 in supplementary unabridged guideline, http://jurology.com/).Results: This Guideline provides updated, evidence-based recommendations regarding management of LUTS/BPH utilizing surgery and mini...
Rational Theory of Cognition in Psychology

Until recently there has been the strong belief that people behave irrationally. This belief in large part was fostered by how poorly people perform on tests of human reasoning. Drawing on David Marr's influential work on vision, John Anderson (1990) proposed that an effective strategy for understanding human cognition was to assume that it was in fact quite rational. In this view, subjects in experimental settings use strategies that are effective for coping with natural environments. However, when these ecologically valid strategies are employed in the laboratory, they lead to what traditionally would be called irrational behavior.
IS THERE GENE AMPLIFICATION OR OTHER NONDUPLICATIVE DNA SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a few studies in which highly purified human peripheral lymphocytes were incubated in MEM containing 10% autologous serum, glutamine, and antibiotics, in the presence of optimal concentrations of phytohemagglutinin. Cultures were incubated at an initial cell concentration of 2 × 105 lymphocytes/ml, which is one log below the widely used concentration. Under these conditions, up to a fivefold increase in cell number was observed over a period of 7 days. DNA purified from cultures labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine between days 3 and 4 for 24 h, a period longer than one mean cycle time, was analyzed on cesium chloride equilibrium density gradients: the percentages of DNA in the heavy–heavy, heavy–light, and light–light regions were, respectively, 19, 56, and 25, providing direct evidence for replication of more than 50% of the DNA and reentry of some cells into a second proliferative cycle.
It’s Normal Not to Be Normal

In this chapter I introduce a class of probability distributions known as power laws, because they have become modeling tools of considerable scope in the social and biological sciences.