cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Barrens: Central Pennsylvania's Year-Round Deep Freeze

Abstract The Centre County Barrens is a region of anomalous temperature regimes in central Pennsylvania, which, under the proper weather conditions, can produce a month of subzero (°F less than −18°C) minimum temperatures per year and frost in midsummer. The results of a 12-month study of this frost pocket are presented. A standard National Weather Service instrument shelter with an extension beneath it was used to house a hygrothermograph and five maximum-minimum thermometers to acquire continuous temperature and relative humidity data and also to determine the maximum-minimum temperature gradient (envelope) of the lowest 1.5 m (5 ft). The data were then compared to those recorded at The Pennsylvania State University weather observatory. The temperature data were analyzed to compute monthly and yearly means. Diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles were examined to establish the similarities and differences between these two locations.
The use of the evidence-based approach in a periodontal therapy Contemporary Science Workshop

Background: When appropriately evaluated and carefully managed, the integration of emerging technology into practice can improve health and enhance the quality of life. Since the last American Academy of Periodontology Workshop in 1996, great technological advances in the areas of data access, retrieval, and management have been made. The World Wide Web has "exploded" with great possibilities for gathering data from many sources. Evaluation methods such as meta-analysis and modeling have likewise improved, permitting a more objective and useful assessment of the retrieved information. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the evidence-based (EB) approach was used to plan and implement a consensus conference on periodontal therapy, the Workshop on Contemporary Science in Clinical Periodontics. Rationale: The methodologies and philosophies associated with the EB approach provided the ideal framework for assessing the applicability of the newest clinical research to patient therapy. Methods: Eviden...
Quality of life and mood predict posttraumatic stress disorder after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND During hospitalization for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), patients experience a steep deterioration in quality of life (QOL) and mood. To our knowledge, the impact of this deterioration on patients' QOL and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after HCT is unknown. METHODS We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of patients hospitalized for HCT. They assessed QOL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation (FACT-BMT) and depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at the time of admission for HCT, during hospitalization, and 6 months after HCT. We also used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure patients' anxiety and depression symptoms at baseline and during HCT hospitalization. The PTSD Checklist was used to assess for PTSD symptoms. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify predictors of QOL and PTSD symptoms at 6 months. RESULTS We enrolled 90 of 93 consecutively eligible patients (97%) undergoing autologous and allogeneic HCT. Data at 6 months were available for 67 participants. At 6 months, 28.4% of participants met the criteria for PTSD and 43.3% had clinically significant depression. On multivariable regression analyses adjusting for significant covariates, changes in QOL and depression scores from week 2 of HCT hospitalization to baseline predicted worse QOL (changes in scores between week 2 and baseline [Δ] QOL: β, 0.94 [P<.0001] and Δ PHQ-9: β, −2.59 [P = 0.001]) and PTSD symptoms (Δ QOL: β, −0.40 [P<.0001] and Δ PHQ-9: β, 1.26 [P<.0001]) at 6 months after HCT. CONCLUSIONS Six months after HCT, a significant percentage of patients met the criteria for PTSD and depression. A decline in QOL and an increase in depressive symptoms during hospitalization for HCT were found to be the most important predictors of 6-month QOL impairment and PTSD symptoms. Therefore, managing symptoms of depression and QOL deterioration during HCT hospitalization may be critical to improving QOL at 6 months and reducing the risk of PTSD. Cancer 2016;122:806–812. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Temperature of Food and Drink Intake Matters

The U.S. Government determines the guidelines for daily diet of humans in their various life stages. The current guidelines for caloric intake are about 2800 cal daily for the adult male, and about 600 cal less for the adult female. This work brings up the point that with the growing diversity of the population, these caloric intake guidelines need to consider the effect of temperature at the time the food is consumed. The motivation of this study is diversity; it is recognized that the Chinese and South Korean cuisines typically have high temperatures when served, whereas much of standard American food is consumed at room temperature. The thermal capacity of the food consumed has not been taken into consideration. It is likely that the “empty” calories related to consumption of hot foods are helpful, in keeping the body warm without the risk of weight gain. They may also be used judiciously to lose weight.
Abstract 317: Pre-Hospital Predictors of Post-Cardiac Arrest Left Ventricle Dysfunction

Background: A proportion of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are initially resuscitated; however, few survive to hospital discharge. A common cause of this high mortality rate is post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, a temporal phenomenon that can be fully recovered from with appropriate treatment. Objectives: This study aims to explore the predictors of post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and evaluate their influence on survival and neurologic outcome. We hypothesized that there would be an association between pre-hospital resuscitative strategies (such as witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, and the use of a publicly accessible AED) and development of LV dysfunction after resuscitation. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 238 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who underwent echocardiography after resuscitation at three hospitals. Pre-hospital arrest characteristics and echocardiography results were abstracted. The primary outcome was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; abnormal defined as Results: 191 (80%) patients had an echo completed in the first 24 hours, of which abnormal LVEF was observed in 90 (47%).Having a witnessed arrest predicted abnormal LVEF in first 24 hours (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.04-13.22). No association was detected between initial rhythm, bystander CPR, use of AED, total downtime and the development of LVEF. No difference was observed in both neurologic outcome and survival in patients with a normal versus abnormal 24 hour echo. Among the 51 patients with serial echos, 28 (55%) patients had an abnormal initial LVEF; 15 (54%) of these patients had an LVEF that returned to normal by 72 hours. Conclusions: In survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, abnormal LVEF after resuscitation is not predictive of outcome; however, witnessed arrest is associated with the development of abnormal LVEF.
Lack of effect of norethindrone and mestranol on folacin depletion and repletion in rats.

The effect of norethindrone and mestranol alone and in combination on folacin deficiency and folic acid utilization was studied in rats. The hormones were administered by sc implanted Silastic capsules. A single ip dose of (2-carbon-14)-folic acid (tetGlu) was administered 3 weeks after treatment and the animals were sacrificed 24 hours later. Microbiological assays showed that neither norethindrone nor mestranol singly and in combination had any effect on folacin tissue levels in both folacin-depleted and folacin-sufficient rats. Hormonal treament had no effect on the retention of radioactivity in the kidney but not liver of folacin-depleted rats. Under the same hormonal treatment folacin-depleted rats receiving equimolar doses of synthetic folic acid glutamate(7) (PteGlu(7)) and folic acid (PteGlu) by gavage showed a partial repletion of tissue folacin. The levels of repletion were identical in all animals regardless of the type of hormonal treatment or mode of repletion. The results indicate that the rat is not susceptible to the folacin deficiency associated with oral contraceptive use and that norethindrone and mestranol do not affect the availability of conjugated folacin.
Neighborhood Crime Rate, Weight‐Related Behaviors, and Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature

A growing body of literature has focused on the link between objectively-measured neighborhood crime rates, obesity, and weight-related behaviors including physical activity and diet. Through a systematic search of this literature, the current review evaluates these relationships and stratifies by type of crime (violent or property). Searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar retrieved 24 articles on physical activity/inactivity and 19 articles on obesity or diet. Evidence points to neighborhood crime as being positively associated with obesity and physical inactivity. Studies differentiating these associations by type of crime were lacking, although findings suggest that the link between neighborhood crime and physical activity is stronger for females versus males. Fear of victimization is one explanation for this pattern. Limitations of extant studies are explored, and suggestions for future research are outlined.
The Architecture of Pleasure: British Amusement Parks 1900–1939 by Josephine Kane

Josephine Kane’s intelligent, well-researched book started with a 1920 photograph that the author discovered in Margate Museum’s archives. The picture shows ‘smartly dressed’ people seated at table...
Cyclic silyl pinacole ethers: a new class of multifunctional free radical initiators

Cyclic silyl pinacole ethers are a new class of difunctional free radical initiators which have been prepared and characterized. On the basis of their first order kinetic rates of dissociation and half-lives, these compounds are high temperature initiators useful generally above 120°C. The unusual difunctional character of these initiators suggests some rather interesting applications for their use.
Influence of Fasting and Alloxan Diabetes on Rat Cardiac Actomyosin and Subcellular Phosphorus Levels

SummaryActomyosin concentration, its viscosity response to ATP, and total phosphorus levels in subcellular fractions were determined in fasted (1-5d) and alloxan diabetic (3-210d) rats. No alterations in these parameters were detected as a result of fasting. However, during alloxan diabetes cardiac actomyosin ATPase activity was reduced for at least 7 days following alloxan administration and returned to normal levels 14 days after alloxan injection. These transitory toxic effects on cardiac muscle indicate that alloxan is not specifically beta cytotoxic.
The Olfactory Responses of the Cockroach (Blatta Orientalis) to the More Important Essential Oils and a Control Measure Formulated From the Results

Employing an improvised Y-tube olfactometer, the responses of cockroaches to some of the more important essential oils were determined. These responses were positive or negative depending upon the oil used in each case. There was also a small percentage of reverse responses, especially when the concentration of the oil was not high. The results of these tests were tabulated individually and collectively. With the results as a starting point a satisfactory bait was developed which killed the roaches in slightly more than three hours average time. This bait is also toxic to house-infesting ants providing a little sugar is substituted in the formula.
BEYOND THE BRIDGE

Using an actionable research approach, researchers and practitioners can collaborate in research to inform advocacy for and development of interventions that seek to reduce inequality in educational outcomes. This process was used at an elite public university to examine the limitations of a summer bridge program and inform the development of an intervention model that provided comprehensive academic and social support for underrepresented students enrolled in engineering and, after a pilot test, other programs at the Midwest University (MU). This article discusses the process leading to the Engineering Academy bridge program, summarizes the research on the pilot test, and describes how the results were used by administrators to advocate for the continuation of the Engineering Academy. Currently, support from the National Science Foundation and MU’s general fund is being used to adapt the intervention for biology, math, and other fields at MU’s College of Liberal Arts.
Surveing the Control Effect of Condyloma Recurrence by Using 5-Fluorouracil

Objective Surveing the control effect of Condyloma Recurrence by using CO2 laser joint 5-Fluorouracil.Method Separate patients in two groups at random,take CO2 laser joint 5-Fluorouracil for local injection in treatment groups.In the controls,CO2 laser joint a-2b topical used.Results The symptoms recur 4(9.09%) in 44 treatment groups compare with 26(57.80%) in 45 control groups.There had significant differences in two groups(x2=24.50,P0.01).Conclusions 5-Fluorouracil which has significance effect in clinical can be utilized for control recurrence.
A New Vertical Grid Nesting Capability in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model

AbstractMesoscale atmospheric models are increasingly used for high-resolution (<3 km) simulations to better resolve smaller-scale flow details. Increased resolution is achieved using mesh refinement via grid nesting, a procedure where multiple computational domains are integrated either concurrently or in series. A constraint in the concurrent nesting framework offered by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is that mesh refinement is restricted to the horizontal dimensions. This limitation prevents control of the grid aspect ratio, leading to numerical errors due to poor grid quality and preventing grid optimization. Herein, a procedure permitting vertical nesting for one-way concurrent simulation is developed and validated through idealized cases. The benefits of vertical nesting are demonstrated using both mesoscale and large-eddy simulations (LES). Mesoscale simulations of the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) show that vertical grid nesting can alleviate numerical errors due to la...
“Works, not Playes”: Print, Reformatory Theatre and the Privileging of Jonson over Shakespeare in 1640s and 1650s Britain

ABSTRACTMark Robson has commented that “in critical terms the ‘and’ in ‘Jonson and Shakespeare’ indicates not equivalence but co-dependency. Jonson may always be defined by a certain vision of Shakespeare, but that ‘Shakespeare’ is itself the product of a comparison with Jonson”. While this may be true when considering the historical and critical discourse of this relational axis, it is the contention of this essay that there was no co-dependency in the 1640s and 1650s. First, the move towards the printing of plays of select playwrights benefited Jonson more than Shakespeare. Literary filiations connected him with the works of his “sons”, whose works, printed after his death, brought to mind Jonson’s comparative mastery over any of them and kept Jonson in the spotlight. Second, which plays were selected for publication or were talked about became equally important because they determined how writers were read politically. If Jonson’s Sejanus or Cataline was praised for its astute insights into leadership ...
Who Will Represent China's Workers? Lawyers, Legal Aid, and the Enforcement of Labor Rights

In the past decade, China has made considerable progress in legislating new legal protections for workers, expanding access to arbitration and courts, and expanding the government-operated legal aid system. But how do they fare in this process? Are they able to find legal representation? This report explores the scope of workers’ current legal needs, trends in the mediation and litigation of labor disputes, the landscape of legal service providers, and the size of the “representation gap” between legal needs and services. The report is based on over 100 interviews, observations of legal proceedings, and extensive documentary research. An original analysis of over 30,000 court judgments was also conducted in collaboration with Legal Miner, a Chinese data analytics company.After the Introduction, Section II describes seven prevalent work-related legal issues facing Chinese workers: (1) a lack of written labor contracts; (2) the use of labor dispatch and subcontracting arrangements; (3) unpaid wages; (4) employers’ failure to make pension or social insurance contributions; (5) the prevalence of workplace injuries and occupational disease; (6) difficulties in enforcing judgments; and (7) pregnancy discrimination. Section III of the report then introduces China’s legal mechanisms for addressing these issues, the growing number and variety of labor disputes, and how workers fare in this system. Section IV describes and evaluates the various providers of legal services for workers, including private lawyers, government-sponsored legal aid, legal aid through the trade union, pro bono legal services, “barefoot lawyers,” basic-level legal workers, law school clinics, bar associations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Section V then discusses the representation gap in legal services that remains, including an original analysis that quantifies how many workers are unrepresented in court litigation. Section VI proposes a series of eight strategies to narrow the representation gap by either reducing the “demand” for services (decreasing labor violations the first place) or increasing the “supply” of quality legal services. Section VII concludes by identifying potential areas for further research.
Demand Theory: Preferences

The economic analysis of consumer behavior begins with a model of rational behavior. The consumer is assumed to have a well-defined utility function that, coupled with a specification of the constraints facing the consumer, implies a specific action. This chapter develops and illustrates the nature of a utility function. The next two chapters add specifications of the constraints that face the consumer and derive the model’s implications.
CHEDDAR CHEESE: COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF RAW AND HEATED MILK ON QUALITY AND RIPENING

Abstract2 Portions of identical milk of manufacturing quality were made into cheese: (a) without heating; (b) after pasteurizing by the holder method; (c) after short-time heating at 71 C; (d) over 71 C (74–87); and (e) less than 71 C (50–69). These variations in heating did not require extensive modifications of cheese-making operations. Measurements were made of moisture, pH, and salt. Cheese was cured at 7 C, scored at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and analyzed for total nitrogen, water-soluble nitrogen, and amino nitrogen at 3, 6, and 12 months. Milk pasteurized by the holder method or by heating to 71 C produced better cheese than raw milk or milk heated for a short time at less than 71 C. Raw-milk cheese cured most rapidly, had the most intense flavors, and was least stable in storage. Rate of curing and intensity of flavor decreased and storage stability increased with the severity of heat treatments. Changes in protein were less extensive in heated-milk cheese and were more extensive in cheese of lower ...
Circulating and Exosome-Packaged Hepatitis C Single-Stranded RNA Induce Monocyte Differentiation via TLR7/8 to Polarized Macrophages and Fibrocytes

Monocytes and macrophages (MΦs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The tissue microenvironment triggers monocyte differentiation into MΦs, with polarization ranging within the spectrum of M1 (classical) to M2 (alternative) activation. Recently, we demonstrated that HCV infection leads to monocyte differentiation into polarized MΦs that mediate stellate cell activation via TGF-β. In this study, we aimed to identify the viral factor(s) that mediate monocyte-to-MΦ differentiation. We performed coculture experiments using healthy monocytes with exosome-packaged HCV, cell-free HCV, or HCV ssRNA. Coculture of monocytes with exosome-packaged HCV, cell-free HCV, or HCV ssRNA induced differentiation into MΦs with high M2 surface marker expression and production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The HCV ssRNA-induced monocyte activation and differentiation into MΦs could be prevented by TLR7 or TLR8 knockdown. Furthermore, TLR7 or TLR8 stimulation, independent of HCV, caused monocyte differentiation and M2 MΦ polarization. In vivo, in chronic HCV-infected patients, we found increased expression of TLR7/8 in circulating monocytes that was associated with increased intracellular expression of procollagen. Furthermore, knockdown of TLR8 completely attenuated collagen expression in monocytes exposed to HCV, and knockdown of TLR7 partially attenuated this expression, suggesting roles for TLR7/8 in induction of fibrocytes in HCV infection. We identified TLR7/8 as mediators of monocyte differentiation and M2 MΦ polarization during HCV infection. Further, we demonstrated that HCV ssRNA and other TLR7/8 ligands promote MΦ polarization and generation of circulating fibrocytes.
Enabling Resiliency Operations Across Multiple Microgrids With Grid Friendly Appliance Controllers

Changes in economic, technological, and environmental policies are resulting in a re-evaluation of the dependence on large central generation facilities and their associated transmission networks. Emerging concepts of smart communities/cities are examining the potential to leverage cleaner sources of generation, as well as integrating electricity generation with other municipal functions. When grid connected, these generation assets can supplement the existing interconnections with the bulk transmission system, and in the event of an extreme event, they can provide power via a collection of microgrids. To achieve the highest level of resiliency, it may be necessary to conduct switching operations to interconnect individual microgrids. While the interconnection of multiple microgrids can increase the resiliency of the system, the associated switching operations can cause large transients in low inertia microgrids. The combination of low system inertia and IEEE 1547 and 1547a-compliant inverters can prevent multiple microgrids from being interconnected during extreme weather events. This paper will present a method of using end-use loads equipped with grid friendly appliance controllers to facilitate the switching operations between multiple microgrids; operations that are necessary for optimal operations when islanded for resiliency.
Incremental anchor layout for indoor positioning

The layout of the anchors is one of the major factors that affect the positioning accuracy of timing-based localization systems. Existing anchor layout optimization typically resorts to the use of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which takes all the anchors into consideration to obtain the globally optimal layout (for some target locations only). Except for some special cases, the CRLB based globally optimal method generally requires brute-force searching. For networks that require more than a few anchors, this approach is too complex to be practical. The goal of this paper is to develop a simple anchor placement method based on the maximum range-measurement change criterion, with which the placement of each anchor is optimized by itself as it enters the network. Major advantages of the proposed technique include: a) it is suitable for any anchor layout scenarios; for example, to add new anchors to an existing network to meet increased performance and/or coverage requirements; to relocate some of the existing anchors; or to start placing anchors in a large network, and b) it is very easy to implement, but it performs very close to the CRLB-based approach.
Using interval type-2 fuzzy interpolation method to calibrate parallel machine tools

This paper is an extended research of our previous study, in which only tpe-1 fuzzy system was discussed, for a novel technique used in the pose error compensations for parallel machine tools calibration process based on an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy error interpolation (IT2FEI) method. Robot calibrations can be classified into model-based and modeless methods. Either inverse or forward kinematic models need to be used in the traditional calibration methods to perform the identification and compensation of the pose errors for parallel machine tools. Instead of using a model, the proposed method presents a modeless technique combined with an interval type-2 fuzzy interpolation method to obtain the same or higher calibration accuracy when a small workspace is adopted. Simulated results show that not only the robot compensation accuracy can be improved, but also the calibration process can be significantly simplified, and it is more suitable for practical applications.
Assessing the Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Exposure to Social Media in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND Social media platforms provide an indirect medium for encouraging e-cigarette use between individuals and also serve as a direct marketing tool from e-cigarette brands to potential users. E-cigarette users share information via social media that often contains product details or health-related claims. OBJECTIVE Determine whether e-cigarette use is associated with exposure to e-cigarettes on social media in college students. METHODS Data from a sample of 258 college students was obtained via a clicker-response questionnaire (90% response rate). Demographic, lifetime and current e-cigarette/cigarette use, and e-cigarette exposure via social media (peer posts or advertisements) were examined. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between lifetime and current e-cigarette use and viewing peer posts or advertisements on social media while adjusting for cigarette use and self-posting about e-cigarettes. RESULTS Overall, 46% of participants reported lifetime e-cigarette use, 16% current e-cigarette use, and 7% were current dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. There were positive and significant associations between lifetime e-cigarette use and viewing peer posts (aOR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.25-7.76) as well as advertisements (aOR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.19-7.65) on e-cigarettes via social media after adjusting for cigarette use. Current e-cigarette use was only significantly associated with viewing peer posts via social media (aOR = 7.58; 95% CI = 1.66-34.6) after adjusting for cigarette use. Conclusions/Importance: Almost half of college students view peer posts and advertisements on e-cigarettes via social media. This exposure is associated with individual e-cigarette use. Continued efforts to examine online e-cigarette content are needed to help future interventions decrease e-cigarette use.
Advancing Coherent Theories of Change in Special Education Teacher Education Research: A Response to the Special Issue on the Science of Teacher Professional Development:

In this article, the authors provide a response to the special issue The Science of Teacher Professional Development: Iterative Design Studies Across Content Areas. In doing so, they present the fr...
Deploying a Recall Mitigation Framework for Systems Engineering

This article proposes a novel safety framework for complex systems, called Recall Mitigation Framework, that assists engineering teams in identifying recall risk factors during the systems engineer...
A framework for examining the function of digital health technologies for weight management

Research is rapidly extending its focus to develop and evaluate weight management interventions that incorporate eHealth technologies. Comparative effectiveness of eHealth interventions is partly limited by the extensive heterogeneity in intervention design, variation in use of eHealth tools, and expanding development of novel tools to promote weight management. We closely examined, characterized, and categorized the use and function of eHealth tools across a wide range of eHealth interventions for weight management in order to first create a novel schematic framework for eHealth interventions and, second, to evaluate eHealth interventions using this framework. We examined 49 randomized controlled trials from two systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for weight loss. Further characterization of each intervention identified common use and function of eHealth tools represented within interventions and thus important to include in the proposed framework. This resulted in six descriptive domains. We then categorized each eHealth intervention within the context of the newly developed framework. Last, we examined efficacious interventions in the context of the framework. Twenty-five randomized controlled trials reported significantly more weight loss between the intervention group utilizing eHealth, compared to a non-eHealth control intervention and/or within an eHealth intervention group. Of these 25 interventions, 15 (60%) used automated feedback (Domain 1), 13 (52%) used non-eHealth tailored feedback by a health care provider (Domain 5), and 8 (32%) used tailored feedback from a health care professional through an electronic channel (Domain 2). The proposed schematic framework offers an alternative and novel approach for comparing across interventions and informing the development and evaluation of eHealth interventions.
A Brief Review of the Physical activity, Stress, and Metabolic Syndrome Relationship in Youth: Consideration of Socioeconomic Position as a Chronic Stressor

Childhood obesity and physical inactivity continue to be critical public health concerns. The global magnitude of these issues warrants consideration of the practical details of the relationships between these variables, as well as the compounding effects of the multiple antecedents that contribute to these issues. The influence of psychosocial stress on health is well-acknowledged, although operationalized in a variety of ways across the pediatric literature. Further, socioeconomic position is frequently considered as an independent determinant of health outcomes, making it difficult to appreciate the ubiquity and pervasiveness of the construct. This review aims to briefly review the current understanding of physical activity, psychosocial stress, and metabolic health in youth, as well as the growing body of literature which considers the relationships between these variables. Of particular merit in this review is the consideration of socioeconomic position as a chronic stressor and the confounding influence it can have on physical activity levels.
‘It's in the room’: reinvigorating feminist pedagogy, contesting neoliberalism, and trumping post-truth populism

ABSTRACTTeaching in the Trump era calls for a reevaluation of the seductions of neoliberalism and a reinvigoration of critical pedagogies that necessarily expose and challenge structural oppression. I address ways Women's, Gender, Sexuality and Studies and other interdisciplines have furthered the neoliberal corporatization of higher education: (1) the institutionalization of diversity talk; (2) exhaustive attention to meaningless (but allegedly quantifiable) student learning objectives; and (3) undo concern with compliance rather than safety and accommodation. I offer a pedagogical framework I call ‘It's in the Room’: (1) implementing access syllabus statements and discussions; (2) sharing mistakes or revelations that caused me to change my teaching and/or thinking; and (3) encouraging student sharing of lived experiences. By collectively recognizing that it is ‘in the room’, the true diversity, differences, inequalities, and privileges attached to our lives are offered for examination in ways that can b...
The Dynamics of Carving a Turn

The perfectly carved turn requires that the skier remain in a balanced position. The forces acting on the skier are the force of gravity, that is, the skier’s weight at the center of mass, aerodynamic friction from the air passing over the skier’s body, and an inertial force parallel but opposite in direction to the skier’s acceleration. The snow bed provides reaction forces: a force normal to the plane of the slope; a force in the slope plane with a direction perpendicular to the ski edge, which acts as a chisel; and, finally, a force parallel to the ski that results from the friction produced from the ski’s sliding over the snow surface.
Examining the Origin of Melatonin from a Natural Source by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry with Liquid Chromatographic Introduction

The isotopic abundance of 13 C often can be used to differentiate between natural and synthetic sources of a given material. These differences are small, and a multicollector isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) is required. In our laboratory, we developed a liquid chromatographic (LC) introduction system that enables continuous monitoring of 13 C isotope ratios for nonvolatile materials without derivatization. The particular question being asked here relates to the source of melatonin in products sold in health food stores. Melatonin is a pineal hormone and its natural source is the brain's pineal gland. The increasing frequency of mad cow disease points to a potential danger if bovine pineals were really the source of melatonin in health food preparations. Using a system in which an LC system is interfaced to an IRMS, we evaluated the origin of one melatonin product labeled as being of bovine pineal origin by comparing its 13 C/ 12 C ratio to those of pure, synthetic melatonin and 2 other melatonin products labeled as being of synthetic origin. We did not find significant differences among the isotope ratios of these 4 melatonin sources. The finding suggests that bovine pineal melatonin is not present in the product labeled as natural. The work demonstrates the ability of an apparatus combining LC and IRMS to provide detailed information regarding economic adulteration or fraud.
El legado olmeca: continuidad y cambio cultural en el sur de Veracruz

Gran parte de la investigacion arqueologica que se ha llevado a cabo en las tierras bajas del sur del Golfo de Mexico se ha enfocado en los avances logrados por las sociedades del periodo Formativo. Salvo algunas excepciones, los desarrollos tempranos tan notables en esta region no se han articulado con los patrones locales sobre continuidades y cambios socioculturales durante los periodos subsecuentes del Clasico y el Posclasico. La investigacion en el sector de Hueyapan de Ocampo, al sur del macizo volcanico de Los Tuxtlas y entre los antiguos asentamientos de Tres Zapotes y Laguna de Los Cerros provee nuevos datos para examinar el legado local de los olmeca-tenocelome y ayuda a formular una idea mas clara de los problemas cronologicos del sistema de asentamientos y de la economia politica que deberan refinarse en el futuro. La investigacion que se presenta aqui constituye una base para comparar la organizacion economica y politica de las tierras bajas del sur con otras regiones de Mesoamerica.
Mild Retardation, Academic Achievement, and Piagetian or Psychometric Tests of Reasoning

Unidimensional classification, unidimensional seriation, and number conservation were measured for 80 elementary school children diagnosed as having mild mental retardation. Scores on the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-R), and Peabody Individual Intelligence Test (PIAT) were obtained for the same children. Correlations between scores on the Piagetian and Slosson measures of reasoning ability ranged from .56 to .85, and were generally higher for mental age than IQ. Correlations between the Piagetian measures and the vocabulary the children had achieved as measured by the PPVT-R ranged from .61 to .80. Scores on the PLAT achievement measure correlated .57 to .73 with the Piagetian measures. This PIAT achievement measure correlated .72 with SIT MAs. The correlation between the SIT MA and PPVT-R was .88. Raw scores on the PPVT-R and PIAT produced a correlation of .77, an index of convergent validity for these two achievement measures when applied to elementary-school aged children with mild mental handicaps. The SIT had predictive validity for the same population, since both IQ and MA scores correlated with absolute achievement on both standardized measures. The same was true for the Piagetian measures of reasoning ability. The moderate to high correlations between SIT and classification, seriation, and conservation measures indicates that all express important aspects of reasoning for this population. This suggests the possibility of improving some children's reasoning and consequently their academic achievement by helping them to improve their abilities to classify, seriate, and conserve number.
Multiphase Continua, an Introduction

Most modern electromagnetic devices owe a significant amount of their success to the tailored electromagnetic material behavior of the components that comprise them. A relatively inexpensive way to obtain macroscopically desired responses is to enhance an easy-to-form matrix material’s properties by introducing microscale particles possessing different electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical properties. (Figure 1.1). The particles are chosen to produce an overall desired electromagnetic effect. The aggregate response of the material is an outcome of the interaction between the smaller-scale (microstructure) constituents that comprise the “effective” material. In the construction of such materials, the basic philosophy is to select matrix/particle material combinations in order to produce desired aggregate responses. For example, in electromagnetic engineering applications, the classical choice is to add a particulate phase with suitable dielectric constants in order to modify the overall properties of an easily moldable base matrix material.
Self-Determination Interventions for Students with and at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Mapping the Knowledge Base

Recognizing the association between self-determination and improved educational and postschool outcomes for children and youth with or at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), increase...
Terrain clutter simulation using physics-based scattering model and digital terrain profile data

Localization of a wireless capsule endoscope finds many clinical applications from diagnostics to therapy. There are potentially two approaches of the electromagnetic waves based localization: a) signal propagation model based localization using a priori information about the persons dielectric channels, and b) recently developed microwave imaging based localization without using any a priori information about the persons dielectric channels. In this paper, we study the second approach in terms of a variety of frequencies and signal-to-noise ratios for localization accuracy. To this end, we select a 2-D anatomically realistic numerical phantom for microwave imaging at different frequencies. The selected frequencies are 13:56 MHz, 431:5 MHz, 920 MHz, and 2380 MHz that are typically considered for medical applications. Microwave imaging of a phantom will provide us with an electromagnetic model with electrical properties (relative permittivity and conductivity) of the internal parts of the body and can be useful as a foundation for localization of an in-body RF source. Low frequency imaging at 13:56 MHz provides a low resolution image with high contrast in the dielectric properties. However, at high frequencies, the imaging algorithm is able to image only the outer boundaries of the tissues due to low penetration depth as higher frequency means higher attenuation. Furthermore, recently developed localization method based on microwave imaging is used for estimating the localization accuracy at different frequencies and signal-to-noise ratios. Statistical evaluation of the localization error is performed using the cumulative distribution function (CDF). Based on our results, we conclude that the localization accuracy is minimally affected by the frequency or the noise. However, the choice of the frequency will become critical if the purpose of the method is to image the internal parts of the body for tumor and/or cancer detection.
Inclusion Wheel: Tool for Building Capacity and Public Health Leaders to Serve People With Disabilities:

Public health leaders need to influence change to serve underserved populations, such as people who have a disability. Action research was conducted with a community of practice (CoP) from Ohio to ...
The Dangerous Allure of Libertarian Paternalism

This paper offers a sustained critique of behavioral law and economics (BLE) on both a theoretical and practical level. The theoretical discussion fastens on the unwillingness of BLE take into account how the standard biological account of inclusive fitness helps explain key elements of human behavior in family and other nonmarket settingsâ€”an omission that it shares with much of traditional rational choice theory. The practical level disputes the central claims of libertarian paternalism. First, the theory is not libertarianâ€”for at no point does it indicate areas where deregulation is appropriate, including the antidiscrimination laws in competitive labor markets. Second, its broad definition of paternalism is useless in all real world analysis. These omissions cause BLE to underestimate the extent to which market institutions can correct for various cognitive biases, leading it to systematically overstate the individual and social benefits deriving from either mandatory disclosures or mandatory contributions to both private and public pension plans and social security. The programs perform far worse than private pension plans regulated under classical principles of freedom of contract.
Social-environmental factors and cognitive and behavioral functioning in pediatric sickle cell disease

ABSTRACTSickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited blood disorder that primarily affects individuals of African descent, is associated with serious medical complications as well as numerous social-env...
Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii VGII in southeast Brazil: The One Health approach revealing a possible role for domestic cats

Two cats infected by C. gattii, presented lesions on the nasal region and respiratory signs. Strains were typed as molecular type VGII, mating type alpha, MLST subtypes ST442 and ST185. Since Rio de Janeiro is known as an endemic area for C. neoformans VNI, these cases might be a warning for a possible emergence of C. gattii VGII in southeast Brazil.
Literature and Statistical Review of Race/Hispanic Origin and Mortality

General population statistical reports as well as the scientific literature converge on the fact that African-Americans experience poorer mortality outcomes relative to whites. While between-race life expectancy disparities have diminished over time, they persist. Likewise, in studies of professional baseball players, mortality risk among African-Americans has been shown to be elevated relative to whites. Mortality studies among professional athletes that include Hispanics are absent from the scientific literature. US general population mortality statistics for Hispanic residents only became available in the mid-1980s and has produced intriguing findings. Hispanics, like whites, consistently have significantly better mortality outcomes relative to African-Americans. Surprisingly, the literature indicates that Hispanics residing in the US often have equivalent or more favorable mortality rates compared to whites, despite being disadvantaged, when it comes to socioeconomic status (SES). This “Hispanic Paradox” has been challenged by some in the scientific community based on an alternative hypothesis, known as the “salmon bias” that explains the paradox primarily based on out-migration among elderly Hispanics. Currently, it is unknown whether the Hispanic Paradox (or the salmon bias) applies to professional athletes, like Major League Baseball players.
Conducting health policy analysis in primary care research: turning clinical ideas into action.

Healthcare guidelines play a prominent role in the day-to-day practice of primary care providers, and health policy research leads to the formation of these guidelines. Health policy research is the multidisciplinary approach to public policy explaining the interaction between health institutions, special interests and theoretical constructs. In this article, we demonstrate how primary care providers can conduct high-impact health policy research using Eugene Bardach’s eightfold policy analysis framework in a primary care context. In a medical case, a woman with a history of total hysterectomy had scheduled a visit for a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening test as part of a well-woman health check-up with a family medicine resident. Conflicting recommendations on Pap smear screening after total hysterectomy sparked an investigation using the US Preventive Services Task Force criteria for conducting a health policy analysis. We illustrate broadly how clinical care dilemmas can be examined by using Bardach’s broadly applicable health policy framework in order to inform meaningful policy change. Bardach’s framework includes (1) defining the problem, (2) assembling evidence, (3) constructing alternatives, (4) selecting criteria, (5) projecting outcomes, (6) confronting trade-offs, (7) decision-making and (8) sharing the results of the process. The policy analysis demonstrated insufficient evidence to recommend Pap test screening after hysterectomy and the findings contributed to national recommendations. By following Bardach’s steps, primary care researchers have a feasible and powerful tool for conducting meaningful health policy research and analysis that can influence clinical practice.
SECOND PHASE COARSENING IN RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ti-5Sn-4.5La SYSTEM

Ostwald ripening of rare earth dispersoids in rapidly solidified Ti-5Sn-4.5La alloy was studied by TEM at 800°C (α-phase). The results show that 1) coarsening mechanism is basically governed by lattice diffusion 2) slow coarsening of these dispersoids is attributed to low diffusivity of La in α-Ti; ˜4 × 10 −14 cm 2 /sec at 800°C.
Condom Social Marketing Effects in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Update, 1990 to 2019.

Objective:To update the prior systematic review from studies published in the past 9 years that examine the effects of condom social marketing (CSM) programs on condom use in low- and middle-income...
Crisis in the era of the end of cheap food: capitalism, cannibalism, and racial anxieties in Soylent Green

Not just a reductionist representation of overpopulation, Soylent Green offers a nuanced critique of capitalism. In the course of the film, audiences learn that the seaplankton of which soylent gre...