cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-frequency switching in Candida strains isolated from vaginitis patients.

High-frequency switching and strain variability at the site of infection was assessed in 11 patients with acute Candida albicans vaginitis. By cloning cells directly from the site of infection, it was demonstrated that 4 of the 11 isolates contained multiple-switch phenotypes at the site of infection and that 9 of the 11 isolates were in a high-frequency mode of switching (10(-2) to 10(-3)). Isolates could be separated into four general categories of switching repertoires. To demonstrate that multiple phenotypes at the site of a single infection represented the same strain, EcoRI digests of total cell DNA were separated on agarose gels, and Southern hybridization patterns with two cloned midrepeat sequences were compared. Images
Detection of Disease Outbreaks by the Use of Oral Manifestations

Oral manifestations of diseases caused by bioterrorist agents could be a potential data source for biosurveillance. This study had the objectives of determining the oral manifestations of diseases caused by bioterrorist agents, measuring the prevalence of these manifestations in emergency department reports, and constructing and evaluating a detection algorithm based on them. We developed a software application to detect oral manifestations in free text and identified positive reports over three years of data. The normal frequency in reports for oral manifestations related to anthrax (including buccal ulcers-sore throat) was 7.46%. The frequency for tularemia was 6.91%. For botulism and smallpox, the frequencies were 0.55% and 0.23%. We simulated outbreaks for these bioterrorism diseases and evaluated the performance of our system. The detection algorithm performed better for smallpox and botulism than for anthrax and tularemia. We found that oral manifestations can be a valuable tool for biosurveillance.
Pancreatic pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma

Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a primary malignancy that arises from the embryonic mesenchyme with the potential to differentiate into skeletal muscle. RMS of the biliary tree is extremely rare. We report a case of an undifferentiated pleomorphic RMS involving the liver and pancreas.
Moganite as an indicator for vanished evaporites; a testament reborn?

ABSTRACT Although lutecite, or length-slow silica, frequently is used as an indicator for evaporites, its occasional presence in non-evaporitic regimes has shed suspicion on its reliability. This study provides evidence that lutecite actually is a newly recognized mineral called moganite. Powder X-ray diffraction studies reveal that moganite is abundant in but not restricted to cherts that formed in evaporitic environments. Quantitative analysis using Rietveld refinement methods indicates that non-evaporitic silica typically contains between 5 and 15 wt % moganite, whereas evaporitic specimens may contain between 20 and 75 wt % moganite. No chert from non-evaporitic settings has been found to contain more than 25 wt % moganite. Consequently, enhanced moganite concentrations (> 20 wt %) in m crocrystalline silica may prove a valuable indicator for vanished evaporites. The frequent association of moganite with "Magadi-type" chert suggests that moganite is a diagenetic alteration product of the hydrous Na-silicate magadiite. The transformation of magadiite to moganite occurs over hundreds to thousands of years, whereas the inversion of metastable moganite to quartz often requires tens of millions of years.
Eltrombopag Use in Thrombocytopenia for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of a Gastric Carcinoid

Severe thrombocytopenia is a contraindication for therapeutic endoscopy due to the risk of bleeding. Platelet transfusions can temporarily increase platelet count, but are difficult to administer in the 2 weeks following endoscopic resection, during which the patient is at high risk for delayed bleeding. We present the use of a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist, eltrombopag, to sustain platelet levels for the safe and complete endoscopic submucosal dissection of a gastric carcinoid in a patient with severe thrombocytopenia due to cirrhosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. We performed complete and safe endoscopic removal of a gastric carcinoid after correcting the thrombocytopenia.
Compression-aware digital pan/tilt/zoom

We consider a video transmission system that supports digital pan/tilt/zoom by cropping the region-of-interest (RoI) chosen by the user and encoding it before transmission. With a static camera, the motion in the transmitted video results mostly from changing the RoI. We propose an efficient technique for cropping the RoI in a way that yields low-energy residual after motion compensation performed by a video encoder such as H.264/AVC. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique can achieve a significant rate reduction of about 70% compared to compression-oblivious digital pan/tilt/zoom with negligible increase in system complexity.
Use of Medium-Range Numerical Weather Prediction Model Output to Produce Forecasts of Streamflow

Abstract This paper examines an archive containing over 40 years of 8-day atmospheric forecasts over the contiguous United States from the NCEP reanalysis project to assess the possibilities for using medium-range numerical weather prediction model output for predictions of streamflow. This analysis shows the biases in the NCEP forecasts to be quite extreme. In many regions, systematic precipitation biases exceed 100% of the mean, with temperature biases exceeding 3°C. In some locations, biases are even higher. The accuracy of NCEP precipitation and 2-m maximum temperature forecasts is computed by interpolating the NCEP model output for each forecast day to the location of each station in the NWS cooperative network and computing the correlation with station observations. Results show that the accuracy of the NCEP forecasts is rather low in many areas of the country. Most apparent is the generally low skill in precipitation forecasts (particularly in July) and low skill in temperature forecasts in the wes...
Method of Lagrange multipliers for exploitation of the entropy principle

In thermodynamics, whenever a material is subject to investigation of its properties, the entropy principle is used to impose restrictions on the constitutive relations for the material. There is not, so far, any simple method by which restrictions from the entropy principle can be derived for all kinds of different materials. Indeed, until very recently there was not even an entropy principle appropriate to all bodies. MULLER [1] [2] [3] has proposed such a general entropy principle, and here I suggest a simple method for its exploitation: the method of Lagrange multipliers. The entropy principle requires the constitutive relations to be such that every solution of the thermodynamic field equations satisfy the entropy inequality. To satisfy this requirement is not easy, since usually complicated calculations ensue. The method proposed here is intended to facilitate the solution of this problem. It can be described roughly as follows:
Distinguishing among structural ensembles of the GB1 peptide: REMD simulations and NMR experiments.

Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations are used to generate a set of 20 structural ensembles between 270 and 690 K for the G peptide corresponding to residues 41−56 of the B1 domain of protein G. Each of the structural ensembles is then compared with experimental NMR chemical shift, J-coupling, and NOE data we recorded for the peptide. We show that the peptide ensembles in the middle of the simulation temperature range provide the best fit to the low temperature (278 K) experimental NMR data, thereby providing a set of models for visualizing the large amount of structural heterogeneity present in the experimental ensemble and also providing information that can be used to help calibrate effective potentials employed for peptide modeling.
An experiment on response time scalability in Bubba

We describe results from an experiment that investigates the scalability of response time performance in shared-nothing systems, such as the Bubba parallel database machine. In particular, we show how—and how much—potential response time improvements for certain transaction types can be impaired in shared-nothing architectures by the increased cost of transaction startup, communication, and synchronization as the degree of execution parallelism is increased. We further show how these effects change under increased levels of concurrency and heterogeneity in the transaction workload. From the results, we conclude that although parallelism must be limited in some circumstances, in general the benefits of increased parallelism in shared-nothing systems exceed the costs.
Budgeting power: packet duplication and bit error rate reduction in wireless ad-hoc networks

In this paper we present and evaluate a new technique to lower packet-level error rates of application layer connections in wireless ad-hoc networks. In our scheme, data packets submitted at a connection's source are checksummed and replicated, flowing breadth-first across an overlay network towards the destination. The destination delivers the first error-free copy of each packet, in order, to the application layer, dropping packets that are corrupt or duplicate. Specifically in this paper, we consider overlays consisting of multiple parallel multi-hop paths. We provide an algorithm which determines the optimal parameters of the overlay in terms of the number of paths, their lengths, and specific routes. We demonstrate experimentally that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms traditional routing and power allocation approaches in terms of bit error rate, even when the comparison is made under identical power consumption constraints.
The Essential Role Of Renewable Energy In A Sustainable Future

This paper examines why renewable energy is essential to building a healthy, reliable, and secure future, that ultimately, will be both more cost efficient and beneficial to the environment. Despite the reluctance of the American national government to commit itself to renewable energy, several countries and California are demonstrating how renewable energy can become a significant part of their economy in less than a decade. While private corporations are important, government incentives and disincentives play a decisive role in the successful conversion to renewables.
Neuropsychological Function and Quality of Life

Aggressive therapy involving surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy has resulted in improvements in the treatment of cancer. Unfortunately, the non-specific nature of many cancer treatments often places normal tissues and organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS), at risk. In addition, direct involvement of the CNS by tumor as well as the many adjuvant medications (e.g., anti-epileptics) necessary for the treatment of medical complications can potentially affect CNS function. Malignant brain tumors often follow a relentless course associated with neurological deterioration and ultimately death. The tumor, the type of antineoplastic treatment the patient receives, adjuvant medications, and medical complications can all affect neurocognitive function and patient symptom burden.
The Implications of Geographic Cluster Locations for New Venture Performance - Executive Summary

If you have ever wondered why there is so much interest in geographic clusters, which are places such as Silicon Valley, Route 128 or the Research Triangle -- you are not alone -- these regions have intrigued scholars for many years. A review of the literature on clusters suggests their popularity may be attributable to three observations of these regions: the higher levels of specialized resources, the higher levels of startup activity, and the reported superior performance of firms operating within cluster regions. Although firms operating from cluster locations have been reported to outperform firms operating from other locations, the impact of cluster regions on the new firms operating within them is less clear. Specifically, while some studies reported that clusters positively affect new firm performance, others have found that clusters negatively affect performance. However, because few studies measured the attributes of the firms likely being affected by the firms' presence within a cluster, the factors contributing to the differential results is unclear.The purpose of this research was to accomplish two objectives. First, to determine whether new firms operating from cluster locations have higher or lower levels of performance than new firms operating from other locations; second, to understand what factors are influencing the performance of cluster new ventures. Utilizing the literature on industry clusters, agglomerations and industrial districts, this research began on the premise that cluster regions are entrepreneur-friendly environments yielding entrepreneurial expertise, access to resources, capital and other support systems to the firms operating within them. These characteristics of clusters were expected to contribute positively to the innovation and growth performance of new ventures. In addition to the aforementioned representations of geographic clusters, the literature suggested that two attributes of the firms would be particularly affected by a location with a geographic cluster region. One is the knowledge that firms assimilate into their operations. The other is the alliances into which the firms enter.
Racialized Humility: The White Supremacist Sainthood of Peter Claver, SJ

Peter Claver is commonly remembered as a patron saint of ministry to black Americans as well as the “saint of the slave trade.” Partially by comparing him with Saint Martin de Porres, the only African-descended American saint, this article argues that rather than lauding Claver as a racial hero, we ought to recognize him as deeply complicit in the sins of white supremacy. This article aims to help the church more honestly reckon with its white supremacist past.
Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-Based Reporter to Visualize Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity in Living Cells

Calcineurin is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein phosphatase that serves as a major effector of Ca(2+) signals, regulating diverse biological processes such as gene expression, tissue differentiation, immune responses, and neural plasticity. The following method describes how to monitor real-time calcineurin activity in cultured mammalian cells using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based activity reporter.
Biology of a Novel Organic Solute and Steroid Transporter, OSTα-OSTβ

Using a comparative approach, recent studies have identified and functionally characterized a new type of organic solute and steroid transporter (OST) from skate, mouse, rat, and human genomes. In contrast to all other organic anion transporters identified to date, transport activity requires the coexpression of two distinct gene products, a predicted 340-amino acid, seven-transmembrane (TM) domain protein (OSTalpha) and a putative 128-amino acid, single-TM domain ancillary polypeptide (OSTbeta). When OSTalpha and OSTbeta are coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, they are able to mediate transport of estrone 3-sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone 3- sulfate, taurocholate, digoxin, and prostaglandin E2, indicating a role in the disposition of key cellular metabolites or signaling molecules. OSTalpha and OSTbeta are expressed at relatively high levels in intestine, kidney, and liver, but they are also expressed at lower levels in many human tissues. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that intestinal OSTalpha and OSTbeta proteins are localized to the baso-lateral membrane of mouse enterocytes. In MDCK cells, mouse Ostalpha-Ostbeta mediated the vectorial movement of taurocholate from the apical to the basolateral membrane, but not in the opposite direction, indicating basolateral efflux of bile acids. Overall, these findings indicate that OSTalpha-OSTbeta is a heteromeric transporter that is localized to the basolateral membrane of specific epithelial tissues and serves to regulate the export and disposition of bile acids and structurally related compounds from the cell. If confirmed, this model would have important implications for the body's handling of various steroid-derived molecules and may provide a new pharmacologic target for altering sterol homeostasis.
Epidemiological analysis of Tuberculosis in Pingyuan county between 2010 and 2014

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis and its influential factors for the delay to visit and treatment tuberculosis in Pingyuan county, Guangdong province. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used for tuberculosis data collected from 2010 to 2014, and questionnaire was performed for the collecting of influential factors. Results Total 707 tuberculosis patients were reported in Pinyuan county with an annual incidence rate of 37.12 per hundred thousand population. Male patients(561) was more than that of female(146), and farmer(78.93%) and person aged 40 to 64 years old(56.44%) were high risk population for tuberculosis. The proportion of treatment delay was higher in patients at their own expense than that of other patients(χ2=12.590, P=0.002), the diagnosis delay was related with the type of the first diagnosis units(χ2=10.476, P=0.005) and their medical expenses(χ2=7.592, P=0.019), and the treatment delay was mainly affected by their family income(χ2=5.492, P=0.019). Conclusion The tuberculosis incidence is high in Pingyuan county, and many factors affect the tuberculosis delay of diagnosis and treatment, more attention should be paid on focus population so as to preventive and control tuberculosis.
The hospital adjustment scale: research and clinical applications.

The Hospital Adjustment Scale (HAS) is a 90-item behavior-rating scale designed for the assessment of the over-all level of psychological functioning, irrespective of psychiatric symptomatology, of hospitalized psychiatric patients. This paper reviews the research which has been done on and with the scale since its publication in 1953 and indicates the uses and limitations of the scale based on 15 yr. experience with it. It is concluded that adequate reliability and validity have been demonstrated to justify the scale's continued use as a measure of change in hospitalized psychiatric patients.
Observer based impedance control of a pneumatic system with long transmission lines

Pneumatic actuation has gained popularity in robotics, for its low maintenance, high efficiency and compactness. A recent direction is to build pneumatically driven non-magnetic platforms for robotic rehabilitation monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Control of such systems is challenging as they involve long transmission lines to satisfy MR-compatibility requirements and direct pressure measurement at the actuator is not available. This paper presents a control algorithm that provides an accurate impedance control for pneumatic systems with long transmission lines. The algorithm involves a pressure observer based on force and displacement feedback to compensate for the lack of pressure measurement. The observed pressures are utilized in a robust controller for force tracking. The described method is tested on a system with 7 meters long transmission lines. Impedance control using the presented observer achieved stable force tracking up to 1.5 Hz, lowering mean squared error by up to %25.
Autonomic Nervous System Team-Based Learning Module

Abstract Introduction The team-based learning (TBL) instructional strategy promotes learning and retention, enhances student engagement, allows for a deeper understanding of foundational and applie...
Abstract 1272: Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Improves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and LV Remodeling in Heart Failure

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) normally participates in protein folding, calcium storage, and cell signaling. Cellular insult, however, induces the ER-stress response that can produce apoptosis and cell death with persistent activation. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a transcriptional regulator of cell survival responses is implicated in the maladaptive responses of ER-stress. However, its role in modulating ER stress-responses in the failing heart is unknown. Hypothesis: NF-κB activation in heart failure (HF) exacerbates LV remodeling in part by augmenting maladaptive ER-stress responses. Coronary ligation (or sham operation) was performed in male transgenic (TG) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) IκBα (n=16) and in non-transgenic (NTG) littermates (n=16). Compared to NTG sham, 4 weeks after surgery, NTG HF hearts exhibited significant (p < 0.05): 1. LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction; 2. myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis; and 3. NF-κB activation (~2-fold). Immunoblotting also revealed reduced expression (p < 0.05) of ER resident chaperones Grp78 and Grp94 and increased expression (p < 0.001) of CHOP, a pro-apoptotic transcription factor induced by ER stress, that correlated with increased (p < 0.05) apoptosis by TUNEL staining (1.1 ± 0.5 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03%, p < 0.05)). In contrast, compared to NTG HF, TG HF hearts had markedly reduced (p < 0.01) NF-κB activation, significantly less (p <0.05) LV dilatation, systolic dysfunction, and fibrosis but similar degrees of myocyte hypertrophy. Importantly, NF-κB abrogation also resulted in significantly increased expression of Grp78 and Grp94 and complete prevention of CHOP induction. Also, compared to TG sham, TG HF showed a mild but non-significant (p <0.45) increase in apoptotic rates (0.4 ± 0.3 %) by TUNEL. Parallel H9c2 cell studies indicated that induction of ER stress with tunicamycin activated NF-κB and increased apoptosis as measured by caspase-3, -12, and PARP cleavage. In contrast, DN IκBα adult cardiomyocytes maintained viability upon tunicamycin exposure suggesting a pro-apoptotic role for NF-κB activation during ER stress. Conclusion: Persistent NF-κB activation in post-infarction HF exacerbates cardiac ER stress and apoptosis and worsens LV remodeling.
Abstract P5-06-05: Preclinical characterization of VX-984, a selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor in combination with doxorubicin in breast and ovarian cancers

Background: The efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, which cause lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), is diminished by efficient repair of the damaged DNA in cancer cells. DNA-PK is a key regulator of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which is responsible for repairing DSBs. Studies of nonselective inhibitors of DNA-PK have shown that cancer cells depend on DNA-PK for survival following treatment with DSB-inducing agents. However, a comprehensive characterization of DNA-PK inhibition has been hampered by a lack of selective inhibitors. Here we describe VX-984, a potent and selective inhibitor of DNA-PK, and its preclinical profile in combination with doxorubicin both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: VX-984 was examined as a single agent and in combination with doxorubicin or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and in mouse xenograft models, respectively. Results: In vitro, inhibition of DNA-PK by VX-984 enhanced the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin in established breast cancer cell lines and in primary ovarian tumor explants. Notably, mean Bliss DE >10% (strong synergy) were observed for doxorubicin in the presence of VX-984 in 22 of 35 breast cancer cell lines and 21 of 44 ovarian cancer cell lines in a broad cancer cell line screen. Further, the efficacy observed with VX-984 was associated with increased DNA damage as measured by phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) and phosphorylated Kruppel-associated protein (pKAP1) in DU4475, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines, which is consistent with diminished DSB repair. In vivo, VX-984 significantly enhanced the efficacy of PLD in ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft models and in cell line xenograft models. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that inhibition of DNA-PK by VX-984 enhances the efficacy of doxorubicin in preclinical models and support the use of VX-984 in combination with DSB agents such as anthracyclines including PLD for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers. VX-984 is currently in a Phase 1 clinical trial in combination with PLD. Sponsored by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. Citation Format: Boucher D, Newsome D, Takemoto D, Hillier S, Wang Y, Arimoto R, Maxwell J, Charifson P, Fields SZ, Tanner K, Penney MS. Preclinical characterization of VX-984, a selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor in combination with doxorubicin in breast and ovarian cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-05.
Russia and the Future of European Security

The book concludes with a 12th chapter entitled ‘Russia and the Future of European Security’ in which Andrei Tsygankov responds to and builds upon the earlier essays by drawing upon five major themes concerning the factors that have led to the growing impasse between Russia and the West and the prospects for future relations. It is these overlapping themes that tie the volume together: 1. Is the Russia-West conflict a new Cold War? 2. How likely is a great power war? 3. What are the roots of the contemporary Russia-West conflict? 4. What are the main causes of the Russia-West conflict? 5. Which policy should the West pursue toward Russia?
Pharmacogenetics Polymorphisms in Xenobiotic Metabolism

A polymorphism is a monogenic trait that is caused by the presence in the popula tion of more than one allele at the same locus (gene) that yields more than one phenotype in the organism. The frequency of the less common allele is usually > 1%. Polymorphisms usually do not cause any sickness or other problems that would decrease reproductive efficiency. This is why a polymorphism can be found in a population at such a high frequency (> 1%). In contrast, a genetic defect or mutation that causes a serious disease such as cys tic fibrosis or phenylketonuria are found at extremely low frequencies in humans because sick people do not efficiently reproduce and transmit the trait. Only the heterozygotes car rying an allele for a genetic defect that is autosomal recessive, readily transmit the trait to offspring. An inborn error of metabolism is not a polymorphism.
Local autonomy as a human right

The case for interpreting ‘local autonomy’ as a human right is presented first on legal and moral grounds, then on the empirical basis of the worldwide efforts by local communities to assert policy...
BAM: Bayesian AMHG-Manning Inference of Discharge Using Remotely Sensed Stream Width, Slope, and Height

The forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) NASA satellite mission will measure water surface width, height, and slope of major rivers worldwide. The resulting data could provide an unprecedented account of river discharge at continental scales, but reliable methods need to be identified prior to launch. Here, we present a novel algorithm for discharge estimation from only remotely sensed stream width, slope, and height at multiple locations along a mass-conserved river segment. The algorithm, termed the Bayesian AMHG-Manning (BAM) algorithm, implements a Bayesian formulation of streamflow uncertainty using a combination of Manning's equation and at-many-stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG). Bayesian methods provide a statistically defensible approach to generating discharge estimates in a physically underconstrained system, but rely on prior distributions that quantify the a priori uncertainty of unknown quantities including discharge and hydraulic equation parameters. These were obtained from literature-reported values and from a USGS dataset of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements at USGS stream gauges. A dataset of simulated widths, slopes, and heights from 19 rivers was used to evaluate the algorithms using a set of performance metrics. Results across the 19 rivers indicate an improvement in performance of BAM over previously tested methods, and highlight a path forward in solving discharge estimation using solely satellite remote sensing.
Using pattern recognition with HOG to automatically detect reflection hyperbolas in ground penetrating radar data

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used for nondestructive examination of utility present underground such as cables, pipes, and landmines. Cables and pipes make hyperbolic shape signatures in GPR radargrams. Automatic detection of hyperbolic signature narrow down the region of interest and therefore results in reduced data set for localization of the buried pipe. In this paper, a machine learning approach is used to detect hyperbolic signatures using a support vector machine (SVM) with the histogram of oriented gradient features (HOG). For this purpose, Voila Jones algorithm is used in Matlab to train a classifier with HOG features instead of haar features. The HOG features have not been used with SVM in the literature for hyperbolic signature detection in the ground penetrating radar (GPR) radargrams. In this paper, it is shown that HOG feature based classifier achieve a high detection rate of 0.758 with a low false positive rate of 0.394. The detection algorithm is tested on both real GPR data and synthetic GPR data. Synthetic GPR data is created on an open source software gprMax.
BATTERIES | Alternating Currents

The influence of alternating current (AC) on the operations within a cell is a very broad area of interest. In fact, direct current responses can be considered as being a special case of an AC response where the cycle has a very long period. The approach taken in this presentation was to provide an overview by addressing the AC influence as a collection of special interest areas. This article shall address the following issues: root mean square heating, the application of a battery as a static filter for an alternator output, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methodologies, pulsing of lead–acid batteries during charge, and chaotic oscillatory behavior. This should give an indication of the scope and diversity of the AC influence.
Chromosome Translocations Play a Key Role in Leukemogenesis

The recurring cytogenetic abnormalities seen in the leukemias, lymphomas, and sarcomas are frequently translocations or, less often, inversions which are closely associated with particular morphologic subtypes of these tumors. Rearrangements involving chromosome band 11q23 are common in acute leukemia, both lymphoblastic and myeloid (monoblastic), and are less common in lymphoma. Although several different genes have been cloned from 11q23 translocation breakpoints, the great majority involve the MLL (ALL1, Htrx, HRX) gene. The central part of the gene codes for multiple zinc fingers which show homology to the Drosophila trithorax gene. About 70% of infants with acute leukemia will have MLL rearrangements. MLL is involved in five common translocations as well as in at least 25 uncommon or rare translocations, insertions and deletions. The translocation breakpoints occur within an 8.3 kb region which can be detected with a 0.74 kb cDNA probe which is useful for diagnosis and for monitoring patients during the course of their disease. Patients who have previously received drugs that inhibit topoisomerase II often develop acute leukemia with translocations involving 11q23 which break MLL in the same 8.3 kb region. The translocation leads to a fusion gene on the derivative 11 chromosome with a chimeric transcript, consisting of 5′ MLL and the 3′ segment of the other gene. The molecular dissection of these rearrangements will provide insights into the biology of MLL and into the interaction of MLL with topoisomerase II inhibitors.
Motivation for weight loss and association with outcomes in a lifestyle intervention: comparing emerging adults to middle aged adults

Background Emerging adults (EAs) ages 18-25 are at high risk for overweight/obesity, but little is known about their motivations for weight loss or how these may differ from those of middle aged adults (MAs) and relate to treatment outcomes. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine potential differences in weight loss motivations between EAs and MAs and determine the association between motivation and engagement/outcomes in a weight loss trial. Methods Data were pooled from two behavioural weight loss interventions: one targeting EAs (n = 52) and one targeting MAs ages 40-60 (n = 101). Motivation, attendance, dietary self-monitoring and weight change were measured in both trials across 3 months of treatment. Results Emerging adults were less motivated by health concerns than MAs (p < .05). Motivation to lose weight in order to improve appearance was of similar importance for both MAs and EAs but demonstrated differential associations with treatment variables. Appearance-related motivation was associated with higher program engagement for MA but was associated with poorer weight loss for EAs. Overall engagement, weight loss and retention were worse for EAs than MAs (ps < .05). Conclusions Specific motivations for weight loss were associated with treatment outcomes, but effects varied by developmental stage. Findings of this study highlight the potential differences between motivation to initiate weight loss efforts and motivation to successfully change weight-related behaviours. Future research should explore methods for intervening directly on motivation within the context of weight control interventions among EAs.
Pediatric dysautonomia: Much‐maligned, often overmedicated, but not as complex as you think

Dysautonomia is an increasingly recognized yet still poorly understood disease within the field of pediatrics. Symptoms, including dizziness, headaches, fatigue, joint pain, anxiety, and intolerance of heat or cold, are often significant and difficult to sort, especially in terms of their relation to each other. This often leads to referral to multiple subspecialists, who then proceed to treat seemingly familiar symptoms in kind. In the authors' experience, this leads to more frustration on the part of the patients and their physicians when symptom improvement does not follow (or can even worsen). On the other hand, by understanding the pathophysiology, treatment success is possible by directing therapies toward the root causes and just as importantly, enlisting the patient in a daily treatment plan. In the text that follows, we hope to convey these viewpoints by highlighting an involved case, discussing the pathophysiology, outlining the usual evaluation, and finally describing our approach to treatment.
Review of Li, Duanduan & Irene Liu (2016) Reading Into a New China: Deciphering a Changing Society (Second Edition)

This article reviews Reading Into a New China: Deciphering a Changing Society (Second Edition) 97816229112579781622911264
The Demographics of Non-motor Vehicle Associated Railway Injuries Seen at Trauma Centers in the United States 2007 - 2014.

Introduction The majority of railway injury studies are limited by small sample size, restricted to a small geographical distribution, or located outside the United States (US). The aim of our study was to assess the demographic patterns associated with non-motor vehicle railway injuries in the US using a national trauma center database. Materials and Methods Data from the National Trauma Data Bank data from 2007 - 2014 were used; 3,506 patients were identified. For all statistical analyses, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The patients were 81% male with an average age of 38.6 + 17.1 years and an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 16.8 + 13.8. Males compared to females were younger (37.7 vs 42.5 years, p = 0.000002), had greater length of stays (12.7 vs 9.8 days, p = 0.000006), and higher ISS scores (17.1 vs 15.4, p = 0.0007). The geographic distribution within the US was most common in the South (32.0%) and least in the Northeast (18.9%). The racial composition was 67.5% White, 19.1% Black, 11.5% Hispanic/Latino, and 1.9% others. The most common mechanisms of injury were hitting/colliding with rolling stock (38.6%), followed by a fall in or from a train (19.5%), and collision with an object (13.5%). The majority of patients were pedestrians or passengers (68.5%); employees accounted for 12.5%. Although the majority were pedestrian/passengers for all regions, the Midwest had a greater proportion of employees (22.0%) compared to the other regions (7.8% to 12.2%) (p < 10-6), and thus injuries were more commonly work-related (24.6% vs 6.7% - 13.7%, p < 10-6). Work-related injuries were less severe (ISS 11.2 vs 17.3 - p < 10-6) and more commonly occurred due to a fall (32.8% vs 17.9%, p < 10-6). Alcohol and/or drug involvement was present in 40.7% and was less in those with work-related injuries (2.2%). Overall mortality was 6.4% and was less in those having a work-related injury (2.0 vs 6.6% p = 0.000004). Conclusion For non-motor vehicle USA railway injuries, the average age was 38.5 years; 80.6% were male. The injuries were least common in the Northeast and most common in the South. Racial distribution mirrored that of the US population. Alcohol involvement was present in 29%, lower than in previous studies. Mortality was 6.4%, also lower than previously reported.
SNOOPI: A Technology Validation Mission for P-band Reflectometry using Signals of Opportunity

SigNals of Opportunity: P-band Investigation (SNOOPI) will be the first on-orbit demonstration of remote sensing using Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) in P-band (240-380 MHz). P-band SoOp has the potential for spaceborne remote sensing of root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) and snow water equivalent (SWE), two variables identified as priorities in the 2017-2027 Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space. P-band is needed to penetrate through dense vegetation and into the root zone. SNOOPI will provide inspace validation of both the technique of P-band SoOp and a science instrument prototype. This is a necessary risk-reduction step on the path to a science mission, which will verify important assumptions about reflected signal coherence, robustness to the RFI environment, and our ability to capture and process the reflected signal from orbit. SoOp observations will be used to estimate the complex reflection coefficient over various land surface conditions. These will be used to verify models and show that P-band SoOp can meet working requirements for future RZSM and SWE missions. The SNOOPI instrument design builds upon the heritage of a low noise front end (LNFE), developed from an airborne demonstrator, and a digital back end (DBE) evolved from the Cion, TriG and Blackjack GPS receivers. Success with SNOOPI will retire the critical risks associated with a P-band SoOp satellite instrument and exit at TRL-7. Not only would this instrument enable direct measurements of RZSM and SWE which are not presently possible, it’s size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) would also be orders of magnitude smaller than comparable monostatic radars due to the re-utilization of existing, powerful, anthropogenic signals.
The Design and Mechanics of an Accessible Human Milk Research Biorepository.

Introduction: Human milk is the normative standard for infant/toddler nutrition. To better understand human milk's imprinting on health, and inform complex decisions about maternal medication, subs...
Ultrastructural and physiological changes in piglet oxyntic cells during histamine stimulation and metabolic inhibition.

Neonatal pig gastric mucosa was studied in order to correlate electrophysiological and secretory parameters with ultrastructural changes in membrane components of oxyntic cells. The non-stimulated tissue had a transmucosal resistance of about 130Ω cm2 while the oxyntic cells were characterized by numerous cytoplasmic tubulovesi- cles and short microvilli extending into patent glandular and canalicular lumina. Upon histamine-stimulation, the average rate of H+ secretion was 8.1 μeq . cm− 2 . hr− 1 and the resistance decreased to 77Ω . cm2. The changes were coupled with an immense elaboration of the oxyntic cell apical and canalicular surfaces with a concomitant decrease of tubulovesicles. Thus, the observed decrease in resistance was correlated to large increases in secretory membrane area. Anoxia inhibited H+ secretion while resistance increased to 211Ω . cm2. Anoxic oxyntic cells were characterized by swollen mitochondria and occlusion of the lateral intercellular space and basal infoldings. Little change in the configuration of the secretory surfaces was noted, thereby suggesting that restriction of lateral and basal membranes might be responsible for the observed resistance increase. An electrical analogue of gastric mucosa is proposed on the basis of these morphological observations.
Performance Modeling and Design of High Energy Density Microbatteries

This work reports the design and simulated performance of high energy density lithium metal primary microbatteries whose 2016 Wh/L and 605 Wh/kg energy densities are 3X greater than the best microbatteries. The simulations match experimental data and give insight into the excellent energy and power density performance. The high energy density is the result of the ultra-thick and dense cathode which has high lithium-ion diffusivity and electronic conductivity. These results show great promise towards realizing the next generation of high performance microbatteries.
Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare

We discuss the current and future impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on healthcare. We consider four hierarchical levels of healthcare data generation and processing of increasing complexity and wider implications. At the imaging scanner and instrument level, AI aims at improving, simplifying, and standardizing data acquisition and preparation. We present examples of systems for AI-driven automatic patient iso-centering before a computed tomography scan, deep learning-based image reconstruction, and creation of optimized and standardized visualizations, for example, automatic rib-unfolding. At the reading and reporting levels, AI focuses on the detection and characterization of abnormalities and on automatic measurements in images. We introduce multiple AI systems for the brain, heart, lung, prostate, and musculoskeletal disease. The third level is exemplified by the integrated nature of the clinical data in a patient-specific manner. The AI algorithms at this level focus on risk prediction and stratification, as opposed to merely detecting, measuring, and quantifying images. An AI-based approach for individualizing radiation dose in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy is discussed. The digital twin is presented as a concept of individualized computational modeling of human physiology. Finally, at the cohort and population analysis levels, the focus of AI shifts from clinical decision-making to operational decisions and process optimization.
Chemometric applications in metabolomic studies using chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract Metabolomic studies generate large and exceptionally complex datasets. The chemical diversity that exists within the metabolome presents an immense analytical challenge. Chemometric methods are frequently used to analyze such data because these approaches offer an efficient route to meaningful interpretation of results. The techniques used in recent research fall into three general categories: statistical methods, machine learning models, and custom solutions. There are drawbacks and strengths to every approach, and the right choice varies study to study, depending on the experimental design and hypothesis. It is common for researchers to employ multiple methods by building a pipeline of data analysis steps to analyze their spectra. These pipelines are designed to parse the data in a systematic fashion to best answer the question at hand. This review covers advancements in chemometric techniques applied to metabolomics studies in the last five years.
Democratic Institutions, Reciprocity, and Pro-Social Behavior

Recent experimental research suggests that people behave more cooperatively when the rules governing a strategic interaction (e.g. a public goods game) are modified democratically than when they are modified exogenously. In a related experiment, I show that people are less likely to unilaterally destroy surplus for personal gain when a provisional allocation is chosen democratically than when an identical provisional allocation is imposed exogenously. I also develop a theory of reciprocity that can rationalize the main findings of the endogenous institutions literature, including the ones from this experiment.
Focused, Exploratory, or Vigilant: Reproduction, Mobility, and the Self-Narratives of Second-Generation Immigrant Youth

The transition from late adolescence to early adulthood represents a key moment in trajectories of social reproduction and mobility. A central mechanism influencing these trajectories is the cultivation of specific versions of selfhood. Research shows that socialization within various class locations shapes individuals’ sense of self in ways that impact how they imagine the future and the actions they take in pursuit of goals. Thus far, however, existing literature has neglected to consider the experiences of youth from immigrant families, a population that encounters unique challenges in the transition to adulthood. This paper relies on 40 in-depth interviews to explore the self-narratives of second-generation immigrant (SGI) youth. We seek to understand how these narratives relate to their future orientations and approaches to planning. Additionally, given the findings of prior research, we consider variation in SGI youths’ self-narratives by social class background. Respondents from middle-class families displayed a durable sense of agency, crafting either a focused self with a clear trajectory toward a white-collar occupation or an exploratory self, open to unbounded personal discovery. By contrast, most respondents from working-class backgrounds exhibited a more tentative sense of agency and narrated a vigilant self that was proactive but cautious in the face of uncertainty. Divergence in participants’ self-narratives related to different strategies for planning for the future. Our findings extend the literature on the construction of agentic selfhood for college-going youth in the transition to adulthood.
The Prevalence of Dental Sealants in the US Population: Findings from NHANES III, 1988–91:

Over the past decade, dental sealants have become recognized as an important adjunct to the use of fluorides in the prevention of dental caries. The most recent national survey of oral health in children conducted in 1986-1987 found that only 7.6% of children had any sealed teeth. As part of the oral health component of the 1988-1991 Third National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III-Phase 1), the prevalence of dental sealants in children, adolescents, and adults was determined. The presence of dental sealants on posterior teeth (excluding third molars) and maxillary lateral incisors was recorded by visual and tactile methods during the dental caries examination. Findings in this paper are based on those examined persons having at least one sealable primary tooth for children aged 2-11 years (n=3,792); at least one sealable premanent tooth for persons aged 18 years and over (n=7,146). During 1988-1991, about 18.5% of US children and youth ages 5-17 had one or more sealed permanent teeth. A significantly higher percentage of non-Hispanic whites had sealants in comparison with their non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American counterparts (for all contrasts, p<0.001). As expected, molar teeth were the most frequently sealed tooth type. Only 1.4% of US children ages 2-11 had at least one sealed primary tooth. The prevalence of dental sealants decreased in the US adult population with increasing age; 5.5% of adults ages 18-24 had at least one sealed permanent tooth. Data collected from NHANES III-Phase 2 (1991-1994) will be analyzed to determine if the upward trend in sealant use continues.