cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Actions and Interactions of Alcohol and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on Female Pubertal Development

Alcohol (ALC) is a drug that is capable of disrupting reproductive function in adolescent humans, as well as immature rhesus monkeys and rats. Critical to determining the mechanism(s) of the effects of ALC on the pubertal process is to have a better understanding of the important events involved in the initiation of puberty. For years it has been hypothesized that there may be metabolic signals capable of linking somatic growth to the activation of the reproductive system at the time of puberty. In recent years it has been shown that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one such signal that plays an early role in the pubertal process. In this review, we will describe the actions and interactions of ALC and IGF-1 on molecular and physiological processes associated with pubertal development.
High rate of biological loss in assisted reproduction: it is in the seed, not in the soil

The vast majority of embryos produced in vitro and transferred fail to develop into an infant, supporting the concept that only a small fraction of embryos is destined to become a live birth. One of the main reasons for such a low embryo-to-infant ratio is the remarkably high number of embryos that after preimplantation genetic diagnosis are found to have a chromosome imbalance. This study reports the overall biological wastage from oocytes inseminated to ongoing pregnancies in patients undergoing preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) because of advanced age, recurrent pregnancy losses or multiple failed IVF cycles. The analysis of biological wastage per oocyte showed that in this cohort of patients, of 333 eggs inseminated, 183 (55.0%) provided embryos for biopsy, and of these, only 33 (18.0% per embryo and 9.9% per oocyte) were normal. A total of 26 embryos were suitable for transfer (14% per embryo and 7.8% per oocyte), but only five (1.5%) implanted and three (1.0%) resulted in live births. In conclusion, there is enormous biological wastage during assisted reproduction, and the data obtained from both embryos and oocytes of patients undergoing PGS support the concept that many embryos and eggs obtained during IVF are intrinsically abnormal and thus fail to implant.
Scattering resonances, filtering with reversible SAS processing, and applications of quantitative ray theory

Features present in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) images associated with elasticity and the structural resonances of viewed objects are sometimes neglected when using SAS data for classification purposes. Other ways of processing sonar data sometimes emphasize the frequency response of the viewed object. The research described here concerns a hybrid approach based on a reversible SAS algorithm in which the acoustic spectral content contributing to a specified region of the SAS image can be extracted. The SAS algorithm uses deconvolution. An example from a small scale tank experiment using a transducer scanned along a line illustrates some applications of the method in which quantitative ray theory is useful for interpreting the image and spectral features. The method is also proved to be useful for investigating spectral responses of several objects placed proud on sand viewed simultaneously in SAS scans in a fresh water pond. The hybrid processing technique simplifies the acquisition of spectral data by reducing the spectral contamination from adjacent sufficiently separated objects.
Abrasive wear with fine diamond particles of carbide-containing aluminum and titanium alloy surfaces

Abstract Abrasive wear testing with 3 and 30 μm diamond particles demon-strated that the wear resistance of aluminum and titanium alloys can be significantly increased by introducing tungsten carbide or titanium carbide particles into their surfaces. Carbide particles ranging in size from about 20 to 200 μm were incorporated into the surface of the alloys by a laser processing technique which can produce hardened surfaces about 0.5–3.0 mm thick. The testing showed that the wear resistance of aluminum-base alloys was improved by as much as a factor of 30 in samples containing TiC. Less dramatic improvements were found for Ti-6Al-4V containing TiC and WC, the largest improvement being by a factor of 3.8. The test results are discussed in terms of the type of carbide particle used, the volume fraction of carbide in the test samples and the microstructures of the laserprocessed surface.
Carbon silica composites for sulfur dioxide and ammonia adsorption

Abstract This work focuses on creating nanoporous carbon silica composites from MCM-41 and two carbon sources, sucrose and furfuryl alcohol. The carbon silica composite with sucrose as the carbon phase was synthesized using a novel low temperature procedure. These novel, biphasic materials were tested for their ability to adsorb two distinct types of gases: sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas, and ammonia, a basic gas. The materials are characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, high resolution TEM, and TGA. The characterization techniques show that impregnation with the carbon phases does not disrupt the hexagonal mesoporous silica structure. Equilibrium breakthrough results show that the presence of the carbon phase enhances both ammonia and sulfur dioxide adsorption capacities compared to the parent MCM-41 and BPL activated carbon.
The pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome: A reappraisal

T HE pseudothrombophlebitis (PTP) syndrome, secondary to changes in the structural integrity of popliteal (synovial) cysts, has been reported primarily in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have overt knee arthropathies. Our experience has been quite different, and in this regard we report eleven consecutive patients without chronic or readily discernible arthropathies who were admitted to the general medical service of an acute care hospital with the PTP syndrome. An intact, nondissecting popliteal cyst or the lack of an arthrographically demonstrable cyst was found in half of the patients, and is entirely consistent with the PTP syndrome. The pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome encompasses a group of disorders characterized by acute inflammation of the calf, giving rise to signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT). However, intrinsic abnormalities of the vasculature are distinctly uncommon. Changes in the structural integrity of popliteal (synovial) cysts, including rupture with extravasation of synovial fluid and dissection into the calf, are a frequent cause of PTP. The therapeutic implications of this diagnosis are of utmost importance; anticoagulation is used for DVT while antiinflammatory agents and local measures for PTP. The majority of patients previously reported with this syndrome have an inflammatory arthropathy, most commonly rheumatoid arthritis, but noninflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis, trauma, and meniscal tears have also been described.lm5 Previous series by Katz et
Coincidence Detection with Graphene Excitable Laser

We demonstrate a photonic coincidence detection circuit with a graphene excitable laser. This technology is a potential candidate for applications in novel all-optical devices for information processing and computing.
The Desire Disorder in Research on Sexual Orientation in Women: Contributions of Dynamical Systems Theory

Over the past decade, numerous studies have documented fundamental differences between the phenomenology of male and female sexual orientation, largely centering on women’s capacity for fluidity in their sexual attractions. The past decade has also witnessed fundamental changes in clinical perspectives on “normal” versus “dysfunctional” patterns of female sexual desire, largely centering on women’s greater capacity for responsive and context-dependent sexual desires. In both cases, traditional male-based models of sexuality have been found inadequate to describe women’s experiences. I argue that this inadequacy stems from a failure of traditional models to appropriately account for the phenomenon of variability over time, which may constitute a fundamental feature of female sexual phenomenology. I maintain that dynamical systems theory provides a useful and generative approach for reconceptualizing female sexual orientation, because dynamical systems models focus specifically on describing and explaining complex patterns of change over time. I review the key properties of dynamical systems models and provide an illustrative model of how this approach might yield new perspectives on female sexual orientation.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the HTLV-III virus associated with AIDS

We recently reported the isolation and characterization of a novel human T-lymphotropic retrovirus, HTLV-III, in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in those at risk for the disease. After extensive sero-epidemiological studies, together with numerous virus isolations from these patients, we concluded that HTLV-III is the causative agent of AIDS. Here we report the molecular cloning and characterization of two highly related but distinct forms of the HTLV-III genome. The viral genome is approximately 10 kilobases long and is detected in HTLV-III-infected cells but not in uninfected cells, including normal human tissue, indicating that this virus is exogenous to man. We also demonstrate distant nucleic acid sequence homology between the cloned genome of HTLV-III and those of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The availability of the cloned HTLV-III genome will now allow an unambiguous comparison of this virus with other retroviruses that also have been associated with the pathogenesis of AIDS, and moreover, with facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the treatment of AIDS.
Simultaneous, single particle, magnetization and size measurements of micron sized, magnetic particles

Single particle magnetization and size measurements of micron and nano sized, magnetic particles were made using a previously described device referred to as Cell Tracking Velocimetry (CTV). Three types of commercially available, and commonly used, magnetic particles were studied in this report. While the CTV instrument provides individual particles measurements, the average magnetization and size measurements were found to have reasonable agreements with reported values from instruments which measure bulk values. In addition, the CTV instrument, using electromagnets, can also determine magnetization curves, which also proved to have reasonable agreement with other published studies. Given that magnetic separation and analysis technology is dependent on the quality of the magnetic particles used, studies such as this one using CTV provide not only average data, but also provides information with respect to the distribution of the properties such as magnetization and size. For example, the spread of the data in magnetic and settling velocities were found to be predominately due to the size distribution of the analyzed particles.
Shape classification using hidden Markov model

A planar shape recognition approach is presented which is based on a hidden Markov model and autoregressive parameters. This approach segments closed shapes into segments and explores the characteristic relations between consecutive segments to make classification at a finer level. The algorithm can tolerate a lot of shape contour perturbation and a moderate amount of occlusion. Also, the overall classification scheme is independent of shape orientation. Excellent recognition results have been reported. A distinct advantage of the approach is that the classifier does not have to be trained all over again when a new class of shapes is added. >
Effects of pattern density and pitch on interaction distance and shallow trench isolation chemical mechanical polishing

Directly measured interaction distance (or planarization length) from a step density test mask was constant independent of pattern variables such as pattern density and pattern shapes between line and area. Then, using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) test mask and taking the experimentally obtained interaction distance into consideration, systematic exploration regarding density and pitch effects on the remaining nitride thickness in shallow trench isolation CMP was performed, comparing plasma enhanced tetraethyl orthosilicate and high density plasma oxide.
N − V Potential in the Lee Model

An investigation is made of states in the Lee model representing a "physical" $V$-particle bound to an $N$-particle. It is found that the energy eigenvalue problem can be reduced to a single transcendental equation involving the parity, energy, renormalized coupling, and $N\ensuremath{-}V$ separation. Only states of odd parity are considered. For such states this equation leads to a single-valued real potential if the renormalized coupling constant is less than the critical value for the appearance of the so-called "ghost" states of the free physical $V$-particle. For stronger couplings the potential becomes many-valued with half its real branches corresponding to the presence of "normal" $V'\mathrm{s}$, and half to "ghost" $V'\mathrm{s}$. For still stronger coupling no real energies exist. It is shown that complex energies appear, at least in the case where the virtual $\ensuremath{\theta}$ particles are assumed nonrelativistic and the $N\ensuremath{-}V$ separation is sufficiently small. A possible reason for the appearance of these difficulties is suggested.
Retention of reference memory following ischemic hippocampal damage

Abstract Retention of reference memory was evaluated in an animal model of cerebral ischemia. Rats were trained for 70 daily trials on an 8-arm radial maze with 5 arms baited, subjected to 30 minutes of forebrain ischemia, allowed to recover for 30 days, and then tested for an additional 50 trials. Post ischemic (PI) rats demonstrated normal retention of reference memory ( p >0.05). Working memory was significantly impaired postoperatively ( p
Effect of neuroleptic treatment on depressive symptoms in acute schizophrenic episodes

This study examined depressive symptoms in acute schizophrenic episodes and their relationship to neuroleptic treatment. Sixty-three depressed and 62 non-depressed acutely exacerbated schizophrenic patients were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Scale, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Subjects were then randomly assigned to different haloperidol plasma levels and followed for 3 weeks. Overall, depression improved with treatment of the acute psychosis, but a positive association between extrapyramidal side effects and depressive symptoms emerged over time. Depressive symptoms tended to be positively related to haloperidol plasma levels. The results suggest that depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are heterogeneous in origin; while neuroleptics can ameliorate depressive symptoms inherent in the acute schizophrenic episode, they can also contribute to depression.
TASSER_low‐zsc: An approach to improve structure prediction using low z‐score–ranked templates

In a variety of threading methods, often poorly ranked (low z-score) templates have good alignments. Here, a new method, TASSER_low-zsc that identifies these low z-score–ranked templates to improve protein structure prediction accuracy, is described. The approach consists of clustering of threading templates by affinity propagation on the basis of structural similarity (thread_cluster) followed by TASSER modeling, with final models selected by using a TASSER_QA variant. To establish the generality of the approach, templates provided by two threading methods, SP3 and SPARKS2, are examined. The SP3 and SPARKS2 benchmark datasets consist of 351 and 357 medium/hard proteins (those with moderate to poor quality templates and/or alignments) of length ≤250 residues, respectively. For SP3 medium and hard targets, using thread_cluster, the TM-scores of the best template improve by ∼4 and 9% over the original set (without low z-score templates) respectively; after TASSER modeling/refinement and ranking, the best model improves by ∼7 and 9% over the best model generated with the original template set. Moreover, TASSER_low-zsc generates 22% (43%) more foldable medium (hard) targets. Similar improvements are observed with low-ranked templates from SPARKS2. The template clustering approach could be applied to other modeling methods that utilize multiple templates to improve structure prediction. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Heart/single-lung transplant for a “failed Fontan” with pulmonary A-V malformation

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation can occur in patients with functional single ventricle after a cavopulmonary connection. There is no effective medical treatment for this complication. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations may regress over time after heart transplantation, but may be a source of significant perioperative morbidity. We report the case of a woman with single ventricle, ventricular dysfunction, and bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations who had successful treatment of both cardiac and pulmonary failure with en bloc heart and right lung transplantation.
Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair With a Novel Hernia Mesh Incorporating a Nitinol Alloy Frame Compared With a Standard Lightweight Polypropylene Mesh

Background. Numerous mesh materials are available for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The role of fixation of mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair remains controversial. Mesh materials ...
Using message framing to promote acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine.

Objective: Use of message framing for encouraging vaccination, an increasingly common preventivehealth behavior, has received little empirical investigation. The authors examined the relative effective-ness of gain- versus loss-framed messages in promoting acceptance of a vaccine against humanpapillomavirus (HPV)a virus responsible for virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Design: Under-graduate women ( N 121) were randomly assigned to read a booklet describing the benefits of receiving(gain-framed message) or the costs of not receiving (loss-framed message) a prophylactic HPV vaccine.After reading the booklet, participants indicated their intent to obtain the HPV vaccine. Main OutcomeMeasure: A 5-item composite representing intentions to obtain the HPV vaccine. Results: The effect ofmessage framing on HPV vaccine acceptance was moderated by risky sexual behavior and approach-avoidance motivation. A loss-framed message led to greater HPV vaccination intentions than a gain-framed message but only among participants who had multiple sexual partners and participants whoinfrequently used condoms. The loss-frame advantage was also observed among participants high inavoidance motivation. Conclusion: Findings highlight characteristics of the message recipient that mayaffect the success of framed messages promoting vaccine acceptance. This study has practical implica-tions for the development of health communications promoting vaccination.Keywords: messageframing,healthcommunication,vaccination,humanpapillomavirus(HPV),cervicalcancer prevention
Prediction of enthalpy of saturated paraffin binary hydrocarbon mixtures

A method of predicting the thermal phase boundary of aliphatic hydrocarbons is presented. Equations describe the saturated enthalpy boundary of pure substances and binary mixtures of hydrocarbons up to the critical temperature. A method of predicting the cricondentherm has been developed to establish the upper limit of the enthalpy envelope for binary mixed aliphatic hydrocarbons. Calculated enthalpies have an average deviation of 0.5% for pure hydrocarbons and 0.8% for mixed hydrocarbons. On expose une methode qui permet de predire la limite de la phase thermique d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques. Des equations decrivent la limite d'enthalpie saturee de substances pures et de melanges binaires d'hydrocarbures jusqu'a la temperature critique. On a mis au point une methode pour predire le cricondentherme, en vue d'etablir la limite superieure de l'enveloppe de l'enthalpie pour des melanges binaires d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques. Les enthalpies calculees indiquent des ecarts de 0.5% et 0.8% dans les cas respectifs des hydrocarbures purs et melanges.
Unique Patterns of Allelic Imbalance Distinguish Type 1 from Type 2 Sporadic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

The molecular genetic correlates of a recently proposed subclassification of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) that designates tumors as type 1 and type 2 based on histological features have not yet been established. Alterations of known genes in PRCC include missense mutations in the MET oncogene (7q31) and rare translocations fusing TFE3 at Xp11.2 with a variety of other loci. Previous cytogenetic and allelic loss studies of PRCC cases revealed gain of chromosome 3q, 7, 8, 12q, 16, 17, and 20q, and loss of 1p, 6q, 9p, 11p, 13q, 14q, 18, 21q, X, and Y. We analyzed a series of sporadic type 1 and type 2 PRCC cases for MET mutations, TFE3 rearrangements, and allelic imbalance (AI) on 3p, 6, 7q, 9p, 11, 13q, 14q, 17q, 18, 20q, and 21q and compared selected results with a series of conventional renal cell carcinomas. A somatic mutation M1149T was identified in MET exon 17 in 1 of 35 PRCC cases whereas TFE3 rearrangements were not detected in 22 PRCC cases examined. Significant differences in AI frequency between PRCCs and conventional renal cell carcinoma cases were seen on 3p (37.5% versus 77.8%, P = 0.01), 7q (42.9% versus 5.6%, P = 0.01), and 17q (54.5% versus 20.0%, P = 0.03). Significant differences in AI frequency between type 1 and type 2 PRCCs were noted on 17q (78.6% versus 12.5%, P = 0.006) and 9p (0% versus 37.5%, P = 0.02). Additional analyses suggested that the relationship between 17q AI and PRCC type may be independent of histological grade and stage. Our findings identify genetic differences between the recently proposed type 1 and type 2 PRCCs, and support the premise that these subtypes arise from distinct genetic pathways.
Observations of the “carry–over effect” following successful termination of chronic migraine in the adolescent with short–term dihydroergotamine, dexamethasone and hydroxyzine: a pilot study

Chronic migraine management almost always requires daily oral preventative medication with potential adverse effects. Daily oral preventative therapy may also not be effective in terminating chronic migraine. Chronic central sensitisation caused by repetitive migraine attacks in a young person may lower the threshold for future migraine episodes leading to an intractable and debilitating disease course. The objective was to determine if short–term parenteral dihydroergotamine, dexamethasone and hydroxyzine can terminate chronic migraine and be followed by a continuous respite or conversion to a more benign episodic form without the need for daily oral preventative medication (“carry–over effect”). We treated ten patients, seven adolescents and three adults, with parenteral dihydroergotamine, dexamethasone and hydroxyzine given once a week for a maximum of three weeks. No oral preventative daily medication was administered. The setting was a private practice. Chronic migraine was terminated in all 7 adolescents. Their post–treatment course was converted to a more benign episodic migraine course and no adolescent required daily oral migraine preventative therapy for significantly long carry–over post–treatment observational periods. None of the three adult chronic migraine cases could be terminated satisfactorily as they all required daily oral preventative therapy. In the adolescent group only, this strategy terminated chronic migraine and resulted in a significant carry–over effect that appeared to favourably modify the long–term course without the need for daily pharmacological, potentially toxic, preventive therapy. Although this is a very small study, which requires confirmation by a larger controlled study, our data suggest a significant carryover effect in the young migraineur by administering short–term parenteral dihydroergotamine, dexamethasone and hydroxyzine.
The Relationship of Parental Practices and Knowledge to School Adaptation for Immigrant and Nonimmigrant High School Students

This study assesses the impact of parent practices and knowledge of school on school success for a sample of 240 immigrant and nonimmigrant high school students and their parents. Immigrant parents from the former Soviet Union were less knowledgeable about and had less contact with the school, and allowed less autonomy than U.S.-born parents. Some differences and similarities in the relationship between parental practices and knowledge and school adaptation were found.
A three-year school-based nutrition education study

Abstract We conducted a three-year nutrition education study in 12 Pennsylvania school districts. Within the districts we assigned schools to either the treatment (nutrition education) or control group and initiated the study with a cohort of third grade children. At the beginning of their third, fourth, and fifth grade years the children completed instruments that assessed nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported eating behaviors. Each year, children in the treatment group participated in 9 to 12 weeks of nutrition education. Compared to children in the control group, those in the treatment group exhibited significantly higher adjusted mean posttest knowledge scores throughout the study. Treatment group children who entered the study with attitude scores in a range where there was room for improvement exhibited a consistent tendency toward greater improvement than controls. This treatment effect was generated mainly in third grade. On one of the three eating-behavior assessments the treatment group moved with greater rapidity than controls toward a more desirable eating pattern, or maintained that pattern better. On two of the four attitude scales children with low third grade pretest (entry) scores exhibited improvements, independent of treatment, through fourth grade. This study shows it is difficult to demonstrate that increased nutrition knowledge dramatically affects nutrition attitudes and eating behaviors. However, taken together, the results indicate a positive nutrition education impact.
CHILDREN'S PHONOLOGICAL RULES: A FAILURE TO REPLICATE

Thirty-six children performed a Berko-type morphophonemic taskin which ability to mark words for plural number, possession, and noun-verb agreement with /s/, /z/, and /∂z/ inflections was assessed. Correlational analysis revealed substantial covariation in performance within morphemes and across inflections but not within inflections and across morphemes. This was interpreted as a failure to support the hypothesis that children's morphophonemic ability is governed by internalized phonological rules.
Characteristics of Fibre Friction

AMONTONS'S classical law of friction, as explained by the cohesion theory, accounts satisfactorily for most cases of metallic friction. For non-metallic materials, however, and in particular the elastic solid field of polymeric monofilaments and natural fibrous materials, many exceptions to his law have been reported1–4. In these cases it has been observed that over an appreciable load range, the frictional coefficient (µ) does not remain a constant but decreases as the load increases, which suggests that local deformation occurs at the interface between the polymer and friction object. To explain the variability of µ, it has been proposed5 that the true area of contact and the shear strength vary with the load. For this to be true, Howell6,7 has shown that the frictional force must be related to the load by F = KWn, where K and n are constants. (The value of K depends on the properties of the surface materials while n is independent of these and is dependent only on the mechanism of deformation, that is, n is an indicator of the visco-elastic properties of the material under test.) For a fibre or a yarn travelling at a constant speed over a cylindrical object, the change in tension developed in the fibre or yarn is therefore found from the following equation where T2 and T1 are the output and input tensions, respectively, θ is the angle of yarn wrap, and R is the radius of curvature of the test object.
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Risk Stratification and Initial Management

For patients who have acute coronary syndromes (ACS), risk stratification is key to initiating appropriate treatment. For ST-segment elevation MI, immediate reperfusion therapy is needed, and thus rapid identification of ST elevation on the ECG is critical. Then, having a standardized protocol for rapid treatment- with either primary percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolysis - is critical. For unstable angina/non-ST elevation ACS, after first identifying the patients who have a higher likelihood of actually having an ACS (as opposed to noncardiac chest pain) stratification to high versus lower risk is needed to choose appropriate therapies. Thus, it is important for risk stratification to be a central part of all management of patients who have ACS.
Tracheal aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios as predictors of recovery from respiratory distress syndrome

In thirty infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome who required endotracheal intubation, serial tracheal aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios were determined. There were 19 survivors and 11 nonsurvivors. The L/S ratios were plotted as a function of postnatal age; the ratios of the survivors demonstrated a significant increase between 24 and 96 hours. Nonsurvivors did not show this change. There was a significant difference on Days 3, 4, and 5 between survivors and nonsurvivors in the percentage of L/S ratios greater than 2.5 Daily mean L/S ratios correctly identified the outcome of 23 of 24 infants alive on Days 4 and/or 5 and were a more accurate prediction of survival than a single L/S ratio. The changes in the L/S ratios of the tracheal aspirates were not related to gestational age.
Interference mitigation via the nonlinear transfer function of angle-modulated optical links

We demonstrate a novel interference mitigation technique that exploits the power-dependent transmission of an optical link. Requiring no knowledge of the interferer's frequency or absolute phase, this technique provides >30 dB suppression of wideband signals.
High SNM 6T CNFET SRAM cell design considering nanotube diameter and transistor ratio

As scaling down silicon semiconductor device feature size encounters great challenge nowadays, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) has been introduced for high stability, high performance and low power SRAM cell design as an alternative material. Static Noise Margin (SNM) is an important expression of SRAM stability. Three factors, namely supply voltage, threshold voltage and transistor ratio, determine the SRAM cell SNM. This paper proposed a high SNM 6T CNFET SRAM cell design method. By analyzing SRAM reading and writing operation and using SPICE simulation, optimal transistor ratios have been found for different nanotube diameters with 0.9v supply voltage in 32nm technology. Compared with traditional CMOS SRAM cell design, the proposed high SNM 6T CNFET SRAM cell achieved 32.03% SNM improvement, 74.02% reading power-delay product reduction and 82.03% writing power-delay product reduction.
Content review of medical educational software assessments

SUMMARY The rapid-placed growth and development of computer-assisted instruction methods has resulted in an explosion of medical educational software. Developers routinely evaluate medical educational software prior to market release. Several software evaluation methods have been proposed. In this study we evaluate the content and terminology of published software reviews. The results of this study illustrate inconsistent approaches to the assessment of medical educational software. Though advanced technology has helped to standardize software, consistency is still required to minimize the disparity between purchaser expectations and product quality. Technical advances have not standardized development criteria, terminology, instructional models and many other aspects of educational software.
CyclinB1/Cdk1 phosphorylates mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD in cell adaptive response to radiation stress

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a major antioxidant enzyme within the mitochondria, is responsible for the detoxification of free radicals generated by cellular metabolism and environmental/therapeutic irradiation. Cell cycle-dependent kinase Cdk1, along with its regulatory partner CyclinB1, plays important roles in the regulation of cell cycle progression as well as in genotoxic stress response. Herein, we identified the presence of the minimal Cdk1 phosphorylation consensus sequence ([S/T]-P; Ser106 )i n human MnSOD, suggesting Cdk1 as a potential upstream kinase of MnSOD. A substantial amount of CyclinB1/Cdk1 was found to localize in the mitochondrion upon irradiation. The enhanced Cdk1/MnSOD interaction and MnSOD phosphorylation were detected in both the irradiated human cells and mouse tissues. We report that CyclinB1/Cdk1 can regulate MnSOD through reversible Ser106 phosphorylation, both in vivo and in vitro. The CyclinB1/Cdk1-mediated MnSOD Ser106 resulted in increased MnSOD activity and stability, along with improved mitochondrial function and cellular resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate a unique pro-survival mechanism by which cells enhance the survival via CyclinB1/Cdk1-mediated MnSOD activation under genotoxic stress conditions.
Breaking open the set top box

In this paper we describe the work being done at HP Labs Bristol in the area of home networks and gateways. This work is based on the idea of breaking open the set top box by physically separating the access network specific functions from the application specific functions. The access network specific functions reside in an access network gateway that can be shared by many end user devices. The first section of the paper present the philosophy behind this approach. The end user devices and the access network gateways must be interconnected by a high bandwidth network which can offer a bounded delay service for delay sensitive traffic. We are advocating the use of IEEE 1394 for this network, and the next section of the paper gives a brief introduction to this technology. We then describe a prototype digital video broadcasting satellite compliant gateway that we have built. This gateway could be used, for example, by a PC for receiving a data service or by a digital TV for receiving an MPEG-2 video service. A control architecture is the presented which uses a PC application to provide a web based user interface to the system. Finally, we provide details of our work on extending the reach of IEEE 1394 and its standardization status.
Studies in Lithium Oxide Systems: IX, Li2o‐Al2O3‐TiO2

BS>Compatible phases in the system Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-- Li/sub 2/O-- TiO/ sub 2/ at various temperature levels were determined by solidstate reactions for the portion of the ternary system bounded by Li/sub 2/O--Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Li/ sub 2/O--TiO/sub 2/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and TiO/sub / 2>i. The existence of a ternary compound, Li/sub 2/O-- Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/--4TiO/sub 2/, and nine joins was established. The ternary compound has a lower limit of stability at 1090 plus or minus 15 deg C and dissociates and recombines rapidly at 1380 plus or minus 15 deg C. (auth)
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II Colon Cancer With Poor Prognostic Features

Purpose Adjuvant chemotherapy is typically considered for patients with stage II colon cancer characterized by poor prognostic features, including obstruction, perforation, emergent admission, T4 stage, resection of fewer than 12 lymph nodes, and poor histology. Despite frequent use, the survival advantage conferred on patients with stage II disease by chemotherapy is yet unproven. We sought to determine the overall survival benefit of chemotherapy among patients with stage II colon cancer having poor prognostic features. Patients and Methods A total of 43,032 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent colectomy for stage II and III primary colon adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 1992 to 2005 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) –Medicare database. 2 and two-way analysis of variance were used to assess differences in patient- and disease-related characteristics. Five-year overall survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression with propensity score weighting. Results Of the 24,847 patients with stage II cancer, 75% had one or more poor prognostic features. Adjuvant chemotherapy was received by 20% of patients with stage II disease and 57% of patients with stage III disease. After adjustment, 5-year survival benefit from chemotherapy was observed only for patients with stage III disease (hazard ratio[HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.67). No survival benefit was observed for patients with stage II cancer with no poor prognostic features (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.25) or stage II cancer with any poor prognostic features (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.13). Conclusion Among Medicare patients identified with stage II colon cancer, either with or without poor prognostic features, adjuvant chemotherapy did not substantially improve overall survival. This lack of benefit must be considered in treatment decisions for similar older adults with colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 29:3381-3388. © 2011 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Complexity reduction algorithms for nonlinear compensation using digital backpropagation

We review reduced-complexity nonlinear compensation methods and find that filtered backpropagation and equivalent-span backpropagation enable large complexity reduction for dispersion managed and unmanaged systems.
Compressive stress relaxation of metallocene-based polyolefin foams: Effect of gamma-ray-induced crosslinking

Metallocene-based polyolefin (MPO) foams possess a closed-cell structure which is in contrast to the open-celled structure of polyurethane (PU) foams. In this study, we investigate the effects of gamma-irradiation on the mechanical behavior of MPO foams using PU foam behavior as a basis. Compressive step-strain experiments reveal a two-step relaxation process in MPO foams, dominated by polymer chain relaxation at short times and gas diffusion from the closed cells at longer times. On the other hand, the relaxation in PU foams is similar to fully crosslinked polymers with the relaxation modulus reaching an equilibrium value after an initial decay. The closed-celled structure of MPO foams lends to rapid stress relaxation and low structural recoverability upon application of compressive loads. Exposure to gamma radiation induces crosslinking in MPO foams and improves their resilience and recoverability. Stress relaxation tests reveal that nonradiated MPO foams show complete relaxation and structural loss at high temperatures. In contrast, radiated MPO foams show a significant retardation in relaxation kinetics and structural stability attributed to radiation-induced crosslinking. Dynamic rheology and solvent-extraction studies also support the results obtained from stress-relaxation experiments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1045–1056, 1999
Polyethylene glycol as a protector against head and neck irradiation.

Abstract Mice injected i.p. with polyethylene glycols (PEG) 20 min prior to head and neck X irradiation with 1650 rad showed improved survival, increased food and water consumption, and retention of body weight compared with irradiated controls. The LD 5015 for PEG-treated mice was 1900 ± 108 rad compared to 1527 ± 56 for the controls. PEG of molecular weights 200, 400, and 600 afforded significant levels of radioprotection; PEG of molecular weights 1000, 1450, 4000, and 20,000 when given at maximum tolerated doses (∼0.5 LD 50) did not. The degree of radioprotection by PEG with molecular 400 given 20 min before irradiation increased with dose up to the maximum tolerated dose of 6.4 g/Kg. Significant, but lower, levels of radioprotection were observed when the PEG was given 5 min after irradiation. Mice injected i.p. with PEG, cystamine, 5-thioglucose, chlorpromazine, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether or polyvinylpyrrolidone all had comparable survival levels. Polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and polycaprolactonediol were more toxic than PEG and showed no radioprotection.
An endothelial cell growth factor from the mouse neuroblastoma cell line NB41.

AbstractA growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells from human umbilical vein but is not mitogenic for fibroblastic cells is present in medium conditioned by the mouse neuroblastoma cell line NB41. In a partially purified preparation, factor activity coeluted from a reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column with a reduced protein of about 24 kd. Activity recovered following electrophoresis of HPLC fractions corresponded to protein of 43-51 kd in the absence of reducing agent and to protein of 23-29 kd after reduction. Antiserum raised against a peptide corresponding to the putative N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 24-kd protein reacted with the 24-kd protein and with a protein of about 47 kd in the nonreduced preparation. After N-glycanase treatment, the immunoreactive 24-kd protein had a mobility corresponding to 19 kd. We infer that the native NB41 factor is a glycosylated dimer whose biochemical and biological properties distinguish it from other en...
Src-induced activation of inducible T cell kinase (ITK) requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and the Pleckstrin homology domain of inducible T cell kinase

The Tec family of tyrosine kinases are involved in signals emanating from cytokine receptors, antigen receptors, and other lymphoid cell surface receptors. One family member, ITK (inducible T cell kinase), is involved in T cell activation and can be activated by the T cell receptor and the CD28 cell surface receptor. This stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of ITK can be mimicked by the Src family kinase Lck. We have explored the mechanism of this requirement for Src family kinases in the activation of ITK. We found that coexpression of ITK and Src results in increased membrane association, tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of ITK, which could be blocked by inhibitors of the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) as well as overexpression of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase. Removal of the Pleckstrin homology domain (PH) of ITK resulted in a kinase that could no longer be induced to localize to the membrane or be activated by Src. The PH of ITK was also able to bind inositol phosphates phosphorylated at the D3 position. Membrane targeting of ITK without the PH recovered its ability to be activated by Src. These results suggest that ITK can be activated by a combination of Src and PI 3-kinase.
TEABAG: A DEBUGGER FOR CURRY

An abstract of the thesis of Stephen Lee Johnson for the Master of Science in Computer Science presented July 2, 2004. Title: TeaBag: A Debugger for Curry This thesis describes TeaBag, which is a debugger for functional logic computations. TeaBag is an accessory of a virtual machine currently under development. A distinctive feature of this machine is its operational completeness of computations, which places novel demands on a debugger. This thesis describes the features of TeaBag, in particular the handling of non-determinism, the ability to control nondeterministic steps, to remove context information, to toggle eager evaluation, and to set breakpoints on both functions and terms. This thesis also describes TeaBag’s architecture and its interaction with the associated virtual machine. Finally, some debugging sessions of defective programs are presented to demonstrate TeaBag’s ability to locate bugs. A distinctive feature of TeaBag is how it presents non-deterministic trace steps of an expression evaluation trace to the user. In the past expression evaluation traces were linearized via backtracking. However, the presence of backtracking makes linear traces difficult to follow. TeaBag does not present backtracking to the user. Rather TeaBag presents the trace in two parts. One part is the search space which has a tree structure and the other part is a linear sequence of steps for one path through the search space.
Total Synthesis of the Nonadjacently Linked Bis-tetrahydrofuran Acetogenin Bullatanocin (Squamostatin C)

The total synthesis of the nonadjacently linked bis-THF acetogenin bullatanocin (squamostatin C) is described. The synthetic strategy is a modular one based on three components, two mono-THF alkenes and a butenolide precursor, and the olefin cross-metathesis and Wittig olefination as the segment-coupling reactions. The synthesis confirms the structure of the natural product, and its convergent design makes it especially attractive for analogue synthesis.
Reduced-order modeling for co-simulation of circuit and electromagnetic interactions

Accurately modeling the interaction of circuits and electronic devices within an electromagnetic environment is critical to the analysis and design of their constituent systems. Creating a rational macromodel of a distributed circuit-field element is a reliable and effective method for describing these interactions in a manner which can be incorporated into a circuit simulator. Due to limitations present in rational modeling algorithms, further processing of these models is necessary to both confirm whether a model is passive, and to correct any non-passivity which is present. A class of iterative inverse algorithms is utilized to create a complete passive macromodel which can readily be incorporated within a simulator to analyze the behaviors caused by the interactions of the electromagnetic and circuit elements.
Book Review: How to Watch Television, edited by Ethan Thompson and Jason Mittell

How to Watch Television. Ethan Thompson and Jason Mittell, eds. New York: New York University Press, 2013. 405 pp. $29 pbk.Just as there is an owner's manual for operating one's TV, Jason Mittell and Ethan Thompson believe, so should there be instructions for viewing its content. As profes- sors both (faculty in communications and media studies at Middlebury and Texas AM social identity and cul- tural politics; democracy, nation, and the public interest; industrial practices and struc- tures; medium, technology, and everyday life.Each essay selects a relatively narrow aspect of a program to problematize without forsaking commentary on the show's message or the overall impact of the series. In some cases, a single episode is considered. Such is the case with M*A*S*H whose provocative faux-documentary style "Interview" episode was atypical in form but a dense and accurate illustration of the series' sentiment and content. Overall, the authors pull out unexpected hooks from the texts at hand. I Love Lucy is analyzed here not for its aesthetic of cultural innovations but for pioneering labor and produc- tion practices, namely, the role of writer-producer in early television. "It's Fun to Eat: Forgotten Television" stands out as the one essay that focuses on an obscure, ephemeral program (a cooking show hosted by a blind, Latina host) and raises issues about the TV historian's challenges. The Dick Van Dyke Show essay analyzes an episode as a representation of how postwar sitcoms present queer memes, highlighting their importance to queer and TV history.The editors sought and achieved scholarly yet accessible analyses (the reprinted M*A*S*H essay is unique in its journalistic style), and despite dozens of authors, there is a comfortable flow in tone. Different approaches to critiquing and writing-not always neutral-make for a dynamic reading experience. "The Cosby Show: Representing Race," which addresses the now historical Reagan-era politics and culture, is a polemical first- person anecdote about how the show presented "the illusion of race" and a post-racial fantasy in stark contrast to concurrent real-life events of the 1992 Los Angeles riots. …