cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Phenology Model for the Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Data were collected during 2 consecutive years on the Starkey Experimental Forest near La Grande, Oreg., to examine phenology of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. The logistic probability distribution was used to describe distribution of budworm in each developmental stage (instar 2 through adult) as a function of accumulated degree-days by year, plot, and host species. The logistic distribution described phenology accurately and was simpler to compute than other methods. Results should interest insect-pest managers and researchers who model development of plants and animals.
Chiropractic Management of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in a 14-Year-Old Hockey Player With Postconcussion Symptoms: A Case Report

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to describe the chiropractic management of a student athlete with postconcussion syndrome. Clinical Features A 14-year-old male hockey player presented to a chiropractic clinic with postconcussion symptoms 13 days after his initial injury. He experienced an occipital headache with a pain rating of 8/10, upset stomach, blurry vision, nausea, dizziness, balance problems, a "foggy feeling," difficulty with concentration, difficulty with memory, fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, and irritability. Prior to seeing the doctor of chiropractic, the patient was monitored by a medical doctor, and the care he had been receiving was in accordance with current concussion guidelines. At the time of presentation to the chiropractic clinic, he had failed to progress toward return to play, and his computerized neurocognitive testing scores had not improved. Intervention and Outcome Chiropractic manipulative therapy, myofascial release, instrument-assisted soft tissue technique, and therapeutic exercises were provided over 5 treatments spanning a 20-day period. The patient followed up each treatment with ImPACT testing. At the conclusion of the treatments, the patient's computerized neurocognitive testing scores had improved, and the patient was returned to play. Conclusion This case demonstrates the improvement of postconcussion syndrome in a 14-year-old male hockey player under chiropractic management.
Sequential effects of high and low guidance on children's early science learning

We describe a microgenetic approach aimed at examining the effect of different sequences of high vs low levels of instructional guidance on students' learning about concepts and procedures associated with simple experimental design - often called the "Control of Variables Strategy (CVS). Third-grade children were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in which CVS was taught via one of the four possible orderings of high or low instructional guidance: (High + High, High + Low, Low + High, and Low + Low). High guidance consisted of a combination of direct instruction and inquiry questions, whereas low guidance was comprised only of inquiry questions. Contrary to commonly held beliefs that high levels of guidance, and in particular, direct instruction, lead only to shallow learning, results show that repeated instances of high instructional guidance were advantageous for both learning and transfer of CVS. Moreover, the High + High group continued to demonstrate strong conceptual understanding of CVS relative to other groups five months after training. Overall the study suggests that strong amounts of instructional guidance are capable of exhibiting powerful effects on children's early science learning.
Introduction to Boomerang Children: Prevalence and Potential Questions

Young adults are moving back into their family homes and are now living with their parents. Common terms for the adult children include “previously launched adult” and “incompletely launched adult.” According to data from the 2000 U.S. Census, in 1970 12.5 million 18–34 year olds lived at home, whereas in 2000 17.8 million 18–34 year olds lived at home (Furman, Boomerang nation: How to survive living with your parents… The second time around. Fireside, New York, 2005). A recent profile of the U.S. based on 2000 census data described our country as having about 67 million young adults aged 18–34. If 17.8 million of these young adults are living back at home, this is not an insignificant percentage. This chapter introduces the reader to the social phenomenon of the previously launched adult and provides an in depth description of these young adults. This chapter also details why these young adults are sociologically significant while providing information about young and emerging adulthood.
Biomarkers for Assessment of Renal Function During Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition, the diagnosis of which depends on serum creatinine measurements. Unfortunately, creatinine is a delayed and unreliable biomarker of AKI. The lack of reliable early biomarkers has crippled our ability to translate promising experimental therapies to human AKI. Fortunately, understanding the early stress response of the kidney to acute injuries has serendipitously revealed a number of potential non-invasive biomarkers. The discovery, translation and validation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), the most widely studied novel AKI biomarker, is reviewed. NGAL is emerging as an excellent stand-alone troponin-like biomarker in the plasma and urine, as a diagnostic as well as prognostic tool in several common clinical scenarios. The current status of other promising AKI biomarkers, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) is also reviewed. The potential role of biomarker combinations, the use of novel biomarkers independent of creatinine, and the limitations of AKI biomarker studies are also explored.
‘Smart’ Glasses Designed to Generate Dynamic Responses

(1999). ‘Smart’ Glasses Designed to Generate Dynamic Responses. Materials Technology: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 115-118.
Assessment of Anxiety in Clinical Trials with Depressed Patients Using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Background The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17) is an outcome measure widely used in major depressive disorder (MDD) clinical trials. The objective of this analysis was to assess the validity of the anxiety/somatisation factor of the HAMD17 as a measure of anxiety in patients with MDD. Methods We pooled data from 1466 outpatients with MDD from four 8-week controlled studies of duloxetine. We performed a factor analysis of the HAMD17 to investigate the anxiety/somatisation factor. Results The HAMD17 factor analysis yielded 6 factors, but did not yield the pre-specified anxiety/somatisation factor. This latter factor showed weak correlation with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale total and subscale scores at baseline (0.46), but higher correlation coefficients over the trials up to 0.81. We identified another anxiety factor that included the hypochondriasis item in this sample. Conclusion Findings from this large sample suggest that the factor structure of the HAMD17 is unstable in MDD and that the anxiety/somatisation subscale should not be routinely used for anxiety assessment in depressed patients.
Evaluating a switch from meconium to umbilical cord tissue for newborn drug testing: A retrospective study at an academic medical center.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to compare detection rates of newborn drug exposure at an academic medical center transitioning from meconium to umbilical cord tissue toxicology testing. Methods We performed an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective chart review on all newborns (n = 2072) for whom newborn drug testing was ordered at our academic medical center between June 2012 and August 2015 (in August 2013, umbilical cord tissue became the preferred specimen). Results Meconium toxicology testing was positive for at least one compound in 221 cases (21.3% of 1037 total specimens), with non-medical drug use identified in 85 cases (8.2%). Umbilical cord tissue toxicology testing was positive for at least one compound in 302 cases (29.2%), with non-medical drug use identified in 107 cases (10.3%). Of the cases involving non-medical drug use, the most common compounds detected were tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamines. Non-medical drug use did not differ significantly between meconium and umbilical cord tissue, either as a total or for classes of drugs such as amphetamines, cannabinoids, and opiates. Maternal non-medical use of tramadol (not tested for in meconium) was identified in 5 cases (0.4%). There were significant differences in rate of detection of iatrogenic medications. Specifically, morphine, lorazepam, phenobarbital, and codeine were more commonly detected in meconium, while oxycodone was more commonly detected in umbilical cord tissue. Conclusions Umbilical cord tissue toxicology testing yielded a similar detection rate compared to meconium testing. The use of umbilical cord tissue avoids detection of medications given to the neonate prior to meconium collection.
Factors associated with parental reasons for “no-intent” to vaccinate female adolescents with human papillomavirus vaccine: National Immunization Survey - Teen 2008–2012

1) To identify socio-demographic factors associated with parental “no-intent” for their 13–17 year old unvaccinated daughter to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series within the next twelve months, 2) to describe patterns in “no-intent” by socio-demographic factors, and 3) to identify socio-demographic factors associated with parental reasons for “no-intent”. Data from 2008–2012 National Immunization Survey - Teen (NIS - Teen) were examined in this study. Parents with “no-intent” to vaccinate their daughters were asked to identify reasons for their decision. All responses were categorized into five domains identified as barriers to receive the HPV vaccine series: 1) Safety and Effectiveness Concerns; 2) Systemic Barriers; 3) Vaccine Misinformation; 4) Lack of Knowledge about the Vaccine; and 5) Socio-cultural Barriers. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to address the study objectives. Number of people in the household, household income, mother’s age, education, health insurance, recommendation of a health care provider, and the survey year were significantly associated with parental “no-intent”. Race/ethnicity, mother’s education, marital status, recommendation of a health care provider, household income, age of the unvaccinated daughter, and the survey year, were significantly associated with one or more domains identified as barriers to receive the HPV vaccine. This study identified sub-groups of parents across different socio-demographic factors with “no-intent” for their adolescent daughters to receive the HPV vaccine. Developing strategies that target educational tools towards the identified sub-groups of parents about the purpose, safety, and efficacy of the HPV vaccine, and HPV infection, may help increase HPV vaccine acceptance, initiation and completion rates.
Network performance of wireless cloud-based robots with local processing

With the impending nature of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is important that devices proposed to be networked to the system operate in such a way as to be non-disruptive to the operation of the network. Devices should only use network bandwidth as needed for their operation. To maintain a minimal network footprint which is conducive to the operation of the network, IoT devices should perform a significant amount of processing locally and not depend on remote or cloud resources any more than necessary. This work presents development of a cloud computing infrastructure for networked heterogeneous robotic systems in open-source robot operating system (ROS). This work demonstrates the minimal impact on network performance by devices which use a significant amount of local processing for their operation. Using a virtual datacenter with (5) host servers of 68 GHz processing capability and 160 GB RAM, a number of Kobuki Turtlebots and LEGO EV3 robots are connected to cloud services on the network through the Robot Operating System. Each robot is connected to the cloud via wireless network. A varying number of Turtlebots are tested under low- and high-bandwidth conditions while performing computations related to robot operation locally. The latency and data integrity of the network connections are measured under these conditions and presented along with recommendations for further work.
A Newsletter/Text Message Intervention Promoting Beverage-Related Parenting Practices: Pilot Test Results

Positive beverage parenting practices may reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption by children and prevent potential health problems. An online newsletter/text message intervention was conducted with parents of children 6 to 12 years to improve beverage parenting practices. Newsletters and text messages were sent weekly over a 4-week period providing gain-framed messages encouraging parenting practices including role modeling and controlling home beverage availability. Pre-post surveys included measures of home availability of beverages and parent beverage intake as an indication of parenting practices. Parents were primarily White, well-educated, and female. About one third lived in rural areas. Results from 100 parents with pre-post data from baseline to 4 weeks showed decreased reported home availability of regular soda pop (p = .008), decreased parent intake of sweetened beverages (p = .004), and decreased parent-reported child intake of regular soft drinks (p = .001), and sweetened juice drink beverages (p < .0001). Most parents (82%) reported reading all three newsletters and indicated that the information provided was relevant (93%). A brief newsletter/text message intervention may be a positive and convenient approach to promote positive beverage parenting practices.
Neural Correlates of Math Anxiety of Consumer Choices on Price Promotions

Math anxiety is a problem that faces most people in their everyday life. Past research suggests that math anxiety can lead consumers to make errors in numerical computations. In this study, we utilized brain-based measures for the assessment of math anxiety in relationship to price perceptions. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from the prefrontal cortex was measured to determine differences in responses between high and low math anxiety participants. Participants performed two tasks under load and no-load conditions performing math calculations in relation to a price promotion. Preliminary results indicate that there is a performance difference between low and high math anxiety participants in both oxygenated hemoglobin results and behavioral performance. This study outlines a new method for determining how math anxiety affects consumers’ decisions regarding prices.
Blocking with a single compound trial

Three theories of classical conditioning were examined with regard to the earliest conditioning trial on which blocking could first occur. One theory (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) predicts the occurrence of blocking on the first compound trial, whereas the other two (Mackintosh, 1975b; Pearce & Hall, 1980) predict that blocking will not occur until after the first compound trial. Using conditioned suppression of licking in water-deprived rats as a measure of associative strength, we found that substantial blocking of tone-footshock (X-US) associations occurred when a single light plus tone-footshock (AX-US) pairing followed 12 A-US pairings. The results are discussed in light of previous attempts to obtain one-trial blocking, and the implications of all of these studies for classical conditioning theory are considered.
Hyperspectral vital sign signal analysis for medical data

This paper develops a completely new technology,) from a hyperspectral imaging perspective, called Hyperspectral Vital Sign Signal Analysis (HyVSSA. A hyperspectral image is generally acquired by hundreds of contiguous spectral bands, each of which is an optical sensor specified by a particular wavelength. In medical application, we can consider a patient with different vital sign signals as a pixel vector in hyperspectral image and each vital sign signal as a particular band. In light of this interpretation, a revolutionary concept is developed, which translates medical data to hyperspectral data in such a way that hyperspectral technology can be readily applied to medical data analysis. One of most useful techniques in hyperspectral data processing is, Anomaly Detection (AD) which in this medical application is used to predict outcomes such as transfusion, length of stay (LOS) and mortality using various vital signs. This study compared transfusion prediction performance of Anomaly Detection (AD) and Logistic Regression (LR).
Modelling patient satisfaction in healthcare

Patient satisfaction is often a top priority within healthcare organisations. This satisfaction is measured through patient surveys and understanding patient's perceptions of the services they are offered. Increasingly, patient satisfaction has been regarded as a major factor in measuring overall service quality of a healthcare firm. One area that hospitals have found challenging is their service offered over the phone. It is therefore important to observe the call centre operations within a healthcare organisation to fully understand what leads to patient dissatisfaction, and thereby recommend ideas to improve patient satisfaction. The present study analyses a hospital that is facing challenges related to their phone services. The goal is to improve the overall service quality, ultimately leading to improvement in patient satisfaction. Quality tools such as Pareto analysis and fishbone diagrams were used to conduct the analysis. Then, quantitative models from waiting line management were used to determine optimal staffing levels of call centre agents and triage nurses to meet quality goals as stipulated by the management, in terms of acceptable customer waiting time.
Integrating Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) into Management Programs for Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple Orchards: Impact of Insecticide Applications and Spray Patterns.

Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive species in the United States, where it has caused significant damage to specialty crops, including apples. While integrated pest management techniques have been developed for H. halys in apple, including spray application techniques, it is unknown how these techniques affect foraging, adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead, 1904) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), and its offspring. In this study, egg masses (unparasitized and 2 and 7 day parasitized pre-treatment) were placed in apple orchards in treated and untreated locations that received full block insecticide applications or reduced application techniques, including border row or alternate row middle applications. Bifenthrin, thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, clothianidin, and methomyl were evaluated. Egg masses were retrieved 24 h after spray applications. For 2 and 7 day parasitized pre-treatment, adult T. japonicus emergence was recorded from each egg mass. For unparasitized egg masses, T. japonicus females were given 24 h to forage and oviposit on post-treatment egg masses with female survivorship, and adult emergence from egg masses was recorded. Female survivorship was significantly lower on post-treatment egg masses retrieved from areas receiving bifenthrin applications. Emergence from post-treatment egg masses was affected by thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and methomyl in some treated areas, whereas less impact was observed on 2 and 7 day pre-treatment parasitized egg masses in general. These data provide further insights into H. halys management and the potential impact of T. japonicus in sprayed orchard agroecosystems.
Simulation of steady-state characteristics of heterojunction perovskite solar cells in wxAMPS

Abstract Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells in a p-i-n configuration were modeled and simulated under steady-state conditions using wxAMPS software. The J-V characteristics and the power conversion efficiency of modeled devices were predicted under various operating conditions. The parameters adopted in the model were derived from the properties of the reported materials in the literature, and the simulated J-V curves were compared with experimental data. Detailed analyses were performed on the energy band diagrams, the distribution of the electric field, the profile of charge densities, and the rate of generation and recombinations under standard testing conditions and realistic operating conditions. The dark current was fitted to an ideality factor of 1.4, indicating that the recombination was via the SRH and band-to-band mechanisms. The optical generation process exhibited an exponential decay with an initial value of 1.5 × 10 16 c m - 3 s - 1 , and the same magnitude of recombination was observed under open-circuit conditions. The roles of the anode and the cathode work functions ( Φ I T O , Φ m ) were examined. It was found when the Φ I T O is greater than 5.2 eV together with Φ m below 4.4 eV, an optimal PCE of 24 % can be obtained. Further, the device response under concentrated light was simulated in two steps with and without the presence of the alleviated temperatures. The results showed the PSCs have the potential to be used for concentrated photovoltaics if a cooling mechanism is provided or the cell is operated in a low-temperature ambient.
A DEFENSE OF MILL’S ARGUMENT FOR THE “PRACTICAL INSEPARABILITY” OF THE LIBERTIES OF CONSCIENCE (AND THE ABSOLUTISM IT ENTAILS)

Mill advocated an unqualified defense of the liberty of conscience in the most comprehensive sense, which he understood to include not just the freedom to hold but also to express any opinion or sentiment. Yet considerable dispute persists about the nature of Mill’s argument for freedom of expression and whether his premises can support so strong a conclusion. Two prominent interpretations of Mill that threaten to undermine his uncompromising defense of free speech are considered and refuted. A better interpretation can be founded on Mill’s claim that the liberties of conscience are inseparable in practice. This claim can be defended with modern psychological insight about the nature of cognitive bias, and epistemological insight about why justification of creedal beliefs requires the universal toleration of opinion, insights which are largely anticipated by Mill. This argument is especially vital because it highlights the divide between classical liberalism and progressivism that has become a flashpoint in the current political debate over free speech.
The nucleotide sequence of ribosomal 5 S ribonucleic acid from KB cells.

Abstract Over 40 different large oligonucleotide fragments were obtained by partial digestion with taka-diastase ribonuclease T1 or spleen acid ribonuclease of 32P-labeled ribosomal 5 S RNA derived from KB cells (human epidermoid carcinoma line). The fragments were isolated by anion exchange column chromatography, further separated and purified by a second anion exchange column or by electrophoresis, and characterized after complete digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease or ribonuclease T1 by a one- or two-dimensional electrophoresis fractionation procedure. From information provided by these analyses and previous reports on oligonucleotide sequences of KB cell ribosomal 5 S RNA we derived the total nucleotide sequence of KB cell 5 S RNA. Some homology exists between the two halves of the KB cell 5 S RNA nucleotide sequence and also between the sequence of KB cell 5 S RNA and that of Escherichia coli 5 S RNA. The possible secondary structure of KB cell 5 S RNA is discussed in view of the partial splitting patterns of the RNA with ribonuclease T1.
School-based physical activity interventions: A meta analysis

School-based interventions have been proposed as a key strategy in reducing childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes, addressing cardiovascular disease and increasing physical activity. Numerous studies have examined the impact of interventions focusing on physical activity and nutrition education. Twenty published school-based interventions, which included a control group were identified. These studies were reported in 110 individual publications. Meta analysis was used to examine the outcomes of twelve interventions; eight interventions were excluded because the data was not available (e.g., confidence intervals or means and standard deviations) to estimate effect sizes. The included studies reported data from 12,930 children and were reported in fifteen of the 110 publications. Two methods were used to calculate effect sizes for nineteen dependent variables. One method was the pre to post where the pre test mean was subtracted from the post test mean for both the intervention and control groups and divided by the control group pre standard deviation. This method produced one effect size for each level of the intervention and control for each dependent variable, yielding 168 effect sizes. Three variables were declared statistically significant; those were moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, mile walk/run, and knowledge. However the effect size for the mile run was small. Intervention and control was the independent variable in two t-tests for the remaining effect sizes of MVPA and knowledge. Knowledge was significantly better for intervention than control groups, MVPA was not. A second method of calculating the effect size was to
Application of Biobarriers for Groundwater Containment at Fractured Bedrock Sites

Biological barriers are a beneficial application of biofilms that aim at reducing the hydraulic conductivity (K) in geological formations. Several studies have shown the potential benefits of creating such barriers either by stimulating the indigenous microbial community (biostimulation) or injecting bacteria (bioaugmentation). For example, laboratory experiments show that groundwater microorganisms attached to a ceramic surface and generated a biofilm as thick as 1,100 μm. In a limestone fracture, this bacterial community clogged a single fracture up to 99.2 percent within 22 days. At the field scale, applications in porous aquifers led to a five-fold decrease in K after 2.5 days of biostimulation, and a bioaugmentation with a starved, adapted bacterial culture decreased K by 99.4 percent. One promising development of the biobarrier concept is a field application at a fractured bedrock site. Using a multidisciplinary approach and focusing on a well-characterized fracture system, a field trial was undertaken in Southern Ontario to measure the extent of bioclogging and the stability over time. This article focuses on the literature pertinent to the preparation of this field trial and presents the innovative approach selected to monitor the bioclogging in such a challenging environment.
Registered nurse empowerment. Model testing and implications for nurse administrators.

OBJECTIVE The author developed and tested a model formulated to determine what combination of organizational, leadership, and personal characteristics maximize the prediction of registered nurse empowerment in an acute care hospital. BACKGROUND Recent innovations in patient care delivery and nursing governance are more successful with an empowered nursing staff. However, the contexts for empowerment and management practices that foster empowerment are poorly understood. Previous empowerment studies suggest that personal characteristics such as age, experience, and education are related to empowerment. Additionally, specific leadership practices and organizational cultures have been shown to foster empowerment. METHODS Registered nurses (N = 113) who were employed in an academic health center participated in the study. Participants completed measures of organizational culture, connective leadership, empowerment, and a demographic questionnaire designed to elicit the personal characteristics included in the model. RESULTS Regression analysis identified constructive organizational culture and connective leadership as positive predictors of empowerment, whereas defensive culture was a negative predictor. The three variables combined to explain 45% of the variance in empowerment (P < 0.001). Personal characteristics were not significant predictors, but education and position level were significantly related to connective leadership (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Registered Nurse Empowerment Model can serve as a framework for identifying and targeting areas requiring organizational change. The quantitative measures for organizational culture, connective leadership, and empowerment provide practical assessment and evaluation tools for data-based change. Education programs for nurses at all levels should address the behaviors and strategies that promote constructive cultures and connective leadership, minimize defensive cultures, and thus, foster empowerment of nursing staff.
Older maternal age and higher plurality: What are the risks?

BARBARA LUKE, MORTON B. BROWN, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, University of Michigan, Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, Michigan OBJECTIVE: Since 1980, the percent of women ages 35 and older giving birth has increased threefold for singletons, fourfold for twins, and sixfold for triplets. Our objective was to evaluate the risks of complications with increasing maternal age and increasing plurality. STUDY DESIGN: The study population included pregnancies among women ages 25 and older from the 1995-2000 Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set for singletons and from the 1995-2000 Matched Multiple Birth Data Set for twins and triplets: 14,359,932 singleton (SI), 234,996 twin (TW), and 11,240 triplet (TR) pregnancies. Maternal age groups included ages 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, and 40C. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the risk 1) with increasing maternal age within each plurality, with ages 25-29 as the reference group; and 2) with increasing plurality within each age group, with singletons as the reference group. RESULTS: Within each plurality, increasing maternal age was associated with significantly higher risks of diabetes, chronic hypertension, pregnancyassociated hypertension, and eclampsia, but for multiples, lower risks of tocolysis (at 40C, SI-AOR 1.00 vs TW-AOR 0.67, TR-AOR 0.66), birth less than 29 weeks (at 40C, SI-AOR 1.62 vs TW-AOR 0.72, TW-AOR 0.52), and infant mortality (at 40C, SI-AOR 1.44 vs TW-AOR 0.69, TW-AOR 0.29). Within age groups, increasing plurality was associated with significantly higher risks of nearly all complications, often magnifying those associated with increasing maternal age. For example, compared to singletons, the risk of eclampsia among women ages 25-29 was TW-AOR 3.19, TR-AOR 4.21 versus TW-AOR 3.62, TR-AOR 6.78 among women ages 40C. CONCLUSION: Older maternal age and higher plurality are each associated with increasing risks for many pregnancy complications. Despite this, compared to their younger counterparts, women ages 40C pregnant with multiples had the lowest risks of tocolysis, early preterm delivery, and infant mortality.
Fluctuation, dissipation, and thermalization in nonequilibrium AdS 5 black hole geometries

We give a simple recipe for computing dissipation and fluctuations (commutator and anticommutator correlation functions) for nonequilibrium black hole geometries. The recipe formulates Hawking radiation as an initial value problem, and is suitable for numerical work. We show how to package the fluctuation and dissipation near the event horizon into correlators on the stretched horizon. These horizon correlators determine the bulk and boundary field theory correlation functions. In addition, the horizon correlators are the components of a horizon effective action, which provides a quantum generalization of the membrane paradigm. In equilibrium, the analysis reproduces previous results on the Brownian motion of a heavy quark. Out of equilibrium, Wigner transforms of commutator and anticommutator correlation functions obey a fluctuation-dissipation relation at high frequency.
Statistical analysis of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) signal trains in Cape Cod Bay, spring 2012.

Statistical characteristics of signal trains produced by North Atlantic right whales (NARW) during the winter and early spring in Cape Cod Bay, MA are described. Data analysis was based on four days of acoustic recordings that were obtained with synchronized hydrophones. Based on temporal and geographical clustering of detected signals, 7264 NARW sounds were identified and associated with 559 signal trains. The detected signals were assigned to four classes of narrowband tonal calls—upcalls, downcalls, complex, and high frequency, and two classes of wideband sounds—gunshots and complex. Empirical distributions of the number of signals in trains, total duration of trains, the positions of NARW, and signal classes are presented. Results indicate that 68.9% of all signal trains consisted of 10 or fewer signals. Low and high frequency tonals that lacked wideband sounds formed 69.1% of trains; 5.0% of trains lacked tonals. Trains consisting of only upcalls comprised 44.2% of all detected trains. Because 18.3% of trains contained no upcalls, using detectors that identify all signal classes would improve right whale detection.
Computer reduction and analysis of neurophysiological data with special emphasis on evoked potential frequency analysis.

Abstract A hardware and software system is described for the acquisition, reduction and analysis of neurophysiological data. Application pertains to EEG and EEG-derived evoked potential records. Determination is made of frequency component information in the records using a Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. The frequency information is represented as power spectra estimates (PSE), which are later selected, averaged and input to a multivariate discriminant statiscal package. Control of the software system is made via remote terminal and acoustic coupler, allowing the use of off-site computer support. Sample results are provided.
The effect of crystal orientation on the stochastic behavior of dislocation nucleation and multiplication during nanoindentation

Abstract Current methods to measure the theoretical shear strength of metals using nanoindentation often present a stochastic view of the applied stresses needed to nucleate dislocations. In this study a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experimental nanoindentation tests were used to explore the coupled effects of indenter size, crystallographic orientation, and the presence of internal structural defects on the resulting distribution of loads at the onset of plastic deformation in face-centered cubic metals. In this case stacking fault tetrahedra have been selected as a representative structural, rather than chemically distinct, defect. The sensitivity of the crystal to the presence of internal structural defects depends strongly on its crystallographic orientation. Simulations of indentations in the presence of a stacking fault tetrahedron show the highest reduction in the pop-in load for the (1 1 1) orientation, while experimentally the effect of orientation is dependent on the size of the indenter used, and hence the volume of material under stress. The simulations suggest that indenting near a defect can cause small, sub-critical events to occur which then lead to a large “pop-in” at higher loads, and thus the first event observed experimentally may not correspond to the first plastic deformation event. As internal defects are almost inevitable in materials, a defect-based model can be used to explain the stochastic pop-in loads in nanoindentation tests.
Path planning for non-circular micro aerial vehicles in constrained environments

Operating micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) outside of the bounds of a rigidly controlled lab environment, specifically one that is unstructured and contains unknown obstacles, poses a number of challenges. One of these challenges is that of quickly determining an optimal (or nearly so) path from the MAVs current position to a designated goal state. Past work in this area using full-size unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has predominantly been performed in benign environments. However, due to their small size, MAVs are capable of operating in indoor environments which are more cluttered. This requires planners to account for the vehicle heading in addition to its spatial position in order to successfully navigate. In addition, due to the short flight times of MAVs along with the inherent hazards of operating in close proximity to obstacles, we desire the trajectories to be as cost-optimal as possible. Our approach uses an anytime planner based on A* that performs a graph search on a four-dimensional (4-D) (x,y,z, heading) lattice. This allows for the generation of close-to-optimal trajectories based on a set of precomputed motion primitives along with the capability to provide trajectories in real-time allowing for on-the-fly re-planning as new sensor data is received. We also account for arbitrary vehicle shapes, permitting the use of a non-circular footprint during the planning process. By not using the overly conservative circumscribed circle for collision checking, we are capable of successfully finding optimal paths through cluttered environments including those with narrow hallways. Analytically, we show that our planner provides bounds on the sub-optimality of the solution it finds. Experimentally, we show that the planner can operate in real-time in both a simulated and real-world cluttered environments.
Endpoint distribution for deletions into immλ region forming pλCM replicons: phage lambda gene rex affects plasmid establishment

Abstract For the pλCM family of λ-derived self-encapsidating plasmids, the rexB gene product facilitates plasmid establishment following injection into a new host cell. Temperature-stable chloramphenicol resistance (CmR at 40°C) conferred by low-multiplicity infection with λ::Tn9cI857 lysates (Tn9 sites tested: 22.60 or 24.08 kb, in the b region, or 28.41 kb, in int) is usually due to a λ::Tn9 plasmid (pλCM) formed by a deletion penetrating the λ immunity region. These grow either as plasmids in the absence of, or lytic phages in the presence of N function supplied by a host such as λcI857 ΔH1 lysogen MS1449. The ‘groplaque’ (plaque-shaped growth spot) assay, which selects for CmR growth in an MS 1449 lawn at 32°C after an initial plaquing period at 37°C, reveals two distinguishable classes of pλCM isolates. All variants whose deletions extend into or beyond rexB give rise to visible CmR growth only after the temperature shift to 32°C, and thus produce a hollow-centered ‘donut’ type of groplaque. In contrast, 16 out of 17 variants whose deletions fall short of rexB produce ‘solid’ groplaques which appear before the temperature shift. Tests of T4rII phage exclusion show the exceptional 17th variant to be Rex−, confirming the identification of rex as the λ component whose loss results in the ‘donut’ groplaque morphology. More specific physiological tests showed that in the absence of Rex the establishment of a newly injected pλCM plasmid becomes temperature-sensitive (ts), while plasmid maintenance remains unaffected. This indicates that the role of Rex in plasmid survival is confined to the early stages of transduction, where it might either assist plasmid replication or retard host replication, to help the plasmid replicon achieve a copy number sufficient for stable transmission.
Ultrasonic investigation of melts in the system Na2OAl2O3SiO2

Longitudinal acoustic velocities have been measured for liquids in the system Na2OAl2O3SiO2 spanning much of the composition range Na2SiO3NaAlSiO4SiO2. Measurements were made at temperatures between 1185°C and 1620°C, using the technique of ultrasonic interferometry. Sound speeds, and therefore bulk moduli, show a general increase with increasing alumina content. This trend is explained qualitatively in terms of a molecular model of the effect of sodium and aluminum on the structure and dominant compression mechanism of silicate liquids. We present a computational model for estimation of both sound velocities and isothermal compressibilities within much of the compositional ternary Na2SiO3NaAlSiO4SiO2. Implications of these results for the high pressure anhydrous melting curve of albite (NaAlSi3O8) are also discussed. Acoustic velocities are presented for liquid sodium chloride in order to provide a basis for comparison with data from other laboratories.
Repetitive audiogenic seizures cause an increased acoustic response in inferior colliculus neurons and additional convulsive behaviors in the genetically-epilepsy prone rat

Previous studies indicate that daily repetition of audiogenic seizures (AGS) leads to audiogenic 'kindling' with increased seizure duration and additional seizural behaviors. The present study examined the neuronal correlates of this phenomenon. Extracellular single neuron firing and concomitant convulsive behaviors associated with 14 repetitive AGS were evaluated in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat severe seizure strain (GEPR-9). An increase in the number of acoustically-evoked action potentials in neurons of the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (ICc) was observed by the second day of AGS repetition, and peaked at day four. The ICc responses remained at similar enhanced level through day 14. ICc neuronal responses were completely absent for approximately two min post-ictally after a single AGS in all animals, but 80% of the animals undergoing repetitive AGS consistently exhibited neuronal firing in this post-ictal period. Post-tonic clonus and an increased duration of post-ictal behavioral depression were also observed with repetitive AGS. The increased ICc neuronal firing was observed prior to the appearance of the post-tonic clonus component of repetitive AGS. This suggests that the ICc neuronal firing increase may subserve, at least, the initial increase in AGS severity. However, changes in neuronal firing in nuclei of the neuronal network for AGS efferent to the ICc may be responsible for the increased AGS severity that occurs after the fourth day of AGS repetition.
Involvement of gangliosides and glycoprotein fibronectin receptors in cellular adhesion to fibronectin.

Abstract We have used a rat neural cell line, B65, to investigate the relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoprotein receptors in adhesion to fibronectin. Monoclonal antibodies against two neuroectoderm-associated gangliosides, D1.1 and GD 3 , inhibit the rate of B65 attachment to fibronectin, suggesting that these gangliosides are involved in the adhesion process. Adhesion to fibronectin is not affected by a third monoclonal antibody against a separate, unidentified cell-surface component of B65 cells. Furthermore, B65 cells lacking D1.1 adhere to fibronectin at a slower rate than B65 cells that express D1.1. The involvement of glycoprotein receptors in adhesion is demonstrated by the ability of antibodies against human fibronectin receptor to inhibit B65 attachment to fibronectin. In addition, adhesion is blocked by a hexapeptide containing the ArgGlyAsp fibronectin sequence which is necessary for binding to the receptor. Trypsin treatment of B65 cells in the absence of divalent cations results in proteolysis of the fibronectin receptor with an accompanying loss of ability of the cells to attach to fibronectin. D1.1 and GD 3 expression is not affected by this trypsinization, indicating that the gangliosides alone are incapable of mediating attachment. The glycoprotein receptors must be primarily responsible for adhesion to fibronectin with the gangliosides playing a secondary role as enhancers or modulators.
Thermal activation and inactivation of the metacercaria ofPhilophthalmus hegeneri Penner and Fried, 1963

Thermal activation and inactivation of the metacercaria ofPhilophthalmus gralli Mathis and Leger, 1910 has been reported. This study reports similar observations on the metacercaria ofPhilophthalmus hegeneri Penner and Fried, 1963. The results of this study suggest that metacercariae ofP. hegeneri are thermally activated and inactivated at lower temperatures thanP. gralli metacercariae.
Diabetes in Urban African Americans. Body Image, Satisfaction With Size, and Weight Change Attempts

We developed two gender specific sets of body-size silhouettes for evaluating body image in African Americans; 370 clinic-based adult participants with diabetes were queried on body image, perceptions, current efforts to change weight, and psychosocial variables. Comparisons were made by weight group and sex after classification as overweight or not overweight according to body mass index (BMI). Regardless of sex or weight category, perceived current body size was significantly related to BMI. Both men and women who were classified as overweight selected a desired body size that was significantly smaller than their perceived current size. Men, however, were more likely than women to select a larger desired size relative to their current size. Both men and women expected the dietitian to favor a body size smaller than their own desired size alld felt their designated important adult would choose the same desired size that they selected. Given the importance of cognitive perspectives in understanding weight...
Sociology and Youth

While a variety of social structural factors do influence all youth, it is critical to note that American youth are not a monolithic entity. Obviously, differences in age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status will play a part in what youth think, feel, and believe. Still, as this review of youth-oriented research indicates, the empirical focus, for the most part, has been upon white, middle-class, college students. One result of this research bias has been a tendency to generalize for all youth from data collected from a relatively small, select, youth population. A second obvious outcome is that sociologists have largely ignored the study of poor youth; non-students; blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, American Indians; youth in the work world; youth in the military; and females. Generally, this review of the social science research suggests that there is consensus among students of youth behavior as to the factors which influence the attitudes and behavior of contemporary youth. At the same time, it must be noted that much of what is pronounced is based on little in the way of empirical research and derived primarily from observations of a limited segment of American youth. Finally, this review of the literature would certainly support the observation that social scientists have provided little in the way of knowledge that would be of value to policy planners, program developers, or those involved in the day to day business of youth socialization.
Phylogenetic relationships among North American Alosa species (Clupeidae)

A phylogeny of the six North American species in the genus Alosa, with representatives of three Eurasian species, was generated using mtDNA sequences. This was accomplished by obtaining sequences for three North American species and additional geographical sampling of the other three species. The subgenus Alosa, including the formerly recognized subgenus Caspialosa, formed a strongly supported monophyletic group. Alosa alabamae was part of a polytomy with Alosa sapidissima, which was interpreted to support the recognition of A. alabamae as an incipient, yet distinct, species. The subgenus Pomolobus was not recovered as a monophyletic group. Alosa chrysochloris was basal to all other Alosa, although this position was only weakly supported. Previous work had indicated that Alosa pseudoharengus and Alosa aestivalis are not reciprocally monophyletic, but additional sampling in this study did not detect any further cases of shared haplotypes between the two species. The phylogeny supports previous hypotheses that the evolution of North American Alosa species in the Gulf of Mexico (A. chrysochloris and A. alabamae) was the result of two independent events. First, the ancestor of A. chrysochloris was isolated in the Gulf of Mexico, likely by the close of the Suwannee Straits, and this was followed later by dispersal of the ancestor of A. alabamae around the Florida peninsula into the Gulf of Mexico sometime during or after the Pleistocene.