cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE INTEGRATION OF MANUFACTURING AND MARKETING/SALES DECISIONS: IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Abstract Research in the areas of both manufacturing and marketing/sales have advocated the integration of several important interrelated decisions between the two functions (i.e. product development, process development, marketing/sales planning, and manufacturing planning decisions). The process of managing the strategic alignment between a firm’s business strategy, external environment, and the integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales decisions is very complex phenomenon that requires a level of analysis that has not occurred previously. This study examined the moderating effects of business strategy and demand uncertainty on the relationship between the integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales-based decisions and organizational performance. The study found general support for the proposed model, suggesting that the impact of the integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales decision on organizational performance is moderated by a firm’s business strategy and demand uncertainty.
The failing heart.

Cardiomyopathies are disorders affecting heart muscle that usually result in inadequate pumping of the heart. They are the most common cause of heart failure and each year kill more than 10,000 people in the United States. In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of conditions, with knowledge of the genetic basis for cardiomyopathies perhaps seeing the largest advance, enabling clinicians to devise improved diagnostic strategies and preparing the stage for new therapies.
Cross-dressed dendritic cells drive memory CD8 + T-cell activation after viral infection

After an infection, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors proliferate and become effector cells by recognizing foreign peptides in the groove of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Professional APCs specialized for T-cell activation acquire viral antigen either by becoming infected themselves (direct presentation) or by phagocytosis of infected cells, followed by transfer of antigen to the cytosol, processing and MHC class I loading in a process referred to as cross-presentation. An alternative way, referred to as 'cross-dressing', by which an uninfected APC could present antigen was postulated to be by the transfer of preformed peptide-MHC complexes from the surface of an infected cell to the APC without the need of further processing. Here we show that this mechanism exists and boosts the antiviral response of mouse memory CD8(+) T cells. A number of publications have demonstrated sharing of peptide-loaded MHC molecules in vitro. Our in vitro experiments demonstrate that cross-dressing APCs do not acquire peptide-MHC complexes in the form of exosomes released by donor cells. Rather, the APCs and donor cells have to contact each other for the transfer to occur. After a viral infection, we could isolate cross-dressed APCs able to present viral antigen in vitro. Furthermore, using the diphtheria toxin system to selectively eliminate APCs that could only acquire viral peptide-MHC complexes by cross-dressing, we show that such presentation can promote the expansion of resting memory T cells. Notably, naive T cells were excluded from taking part in the response. Cross-dressing is a mechanism of antigen presentation used by dendritic cells that may have a significant role in activating previously primed CD8(+) T cells.
A comparison of 5 gutta-percha obturation techniques to replicate canal defects.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of five different methods of compaction of thermoplasticized GP to replicate four artificially-created defects in the canal walls of an extracted tooth. One of the instruments tested was the EndoTwinn which was recently introduced to the U.S. market and can be used in both the warm lateral (WLC) and warm vertical compaction (WVC) techniques. Study Design Four artificially-created defects were created in the dentinal walls of a split-tooth model which could be separated after each obturation and the obturation mass removed for visual evaluation. Twenty obturations were evaluated for each of the following techniques: Group 1, WLC without vibration using the EndoTwinn; Group 2, WLC with heat and vibration using the EndoTwinn; Group 3, WVC using the Elements Obturation System (EOS); Group 4, Injectable GP using the EOS; and Group 5, WVC using the EndoTwinn. Kruskal-Wallis statistic was used to determine statistically significant differences, pairwise comparisons were analyzed with the Mann Whitney statistic and a Bonferonni adjustment was made, where indicated. Results Nonparametric analyses with appropriate Bonferroni adjustments indicated statistically significant results favoring Groups 2 and 4. Conclusions The EndoTwinn, in heat and vibration mode, and the EOS resulted in better replication of the defects than the other techniques.
Health effects and occurrence of dietary polyamines: a review for the period 2005-mid 2013.

This review continues a previous one (Kalac & Krausova, 2005). Dietary polyamines spermidine and spermine participate in an array of physiological roles with both favourable and injurious effects on human health. Dieticians thus need plausible information on their content in various foods. The data on the polyamine contents in raw food materials increased considerably during the reviewed period, while information on their changes during processing and storage have yet been fragmentary and inconsistent. Spermidine and spermine originate mainly from raw materials. Their high contents are typical particularly for inner organs and meat of warm-blooded animals, soybean and fermented soybean products and some mushroom species. Generally, polyamine contents range widely within the individual food items.
Voltage clamp analysis of the effect of cationic substitution on the conductance of end-plate channels.

The effect of two commonly used sodium substitutes, tris and glucosamine, on the amplitude and kinetics of miniature end-plate currents (MEPCs), acetylcholine (ACh) induced end-plate currents (EPC) and EPC flucmations was studied in voltage clamped single muscle fibres from a monolayer preparation of the cutaneous pectoris muscle. Total replacement of sodium with each substitute shifted the reversal potential from −4.7 mV (normal sodium solution) to −36.6 mV(tris) and −49.0 mV (glucosamine). In tris and glucosamine substituted solutions the current (MEPC or EPC) — voltage relation became markedly nonlinear, with peak current decreasing with membrane hyperpolarization. Peak current at +40 mV, was unaltered in tris solutions and reduced in glucosamine substituted solutions. MEPCs decayed with a single exponential time course and the EPC fluctuation spectra were characterized by single Lorentzian functions in both normal sodium solution and each substituted solution. Analysis of EPC fluctuations demonstrated that both tris and glucosamine decrease single channel conductance and increase channel lifetime. Both effects were enhanced by either membrane hyperpolarization or by increasing the concentration of each substitute. In the presence of each cationic substitute, single channel conductance increased and mean channel lifetime decreased with membrane depolarization. Analysis of the data according to the constant field assumptions (Goldman, Hodgkin, Katz equation) provided an inadequate description of experimental currents obtained at hyperpolarized membrane potentials with total ion substitution. Shifts in reversal potential with partial substitution were, however, adequately predicted by the GHK equation. These results suggest that tris and glucosamine ions interact with end-plate channels to reduce cation permeability and decrease channel closing rates. The dependence of this block on the level of membrane potential suggests that these cations bind to site(s) within open end-plate channels.
Evaluating Headway Control Using Range Versus Range-Rate Relationships

SUMMARY This paper uses range versus range-rate diagrams to illustrate concepts concerning the objectives of headway control, linear trajectories in the range versus range-rate space, and the influences of acceleration/deceleration limits on headway control systems. Relationships illustrated in range versus range-rate diagrams are used in evaluating first, second, and higher order systems for automatically controlling headway. Ideas for comparing driver control of headway with automatic control of headway are presented.
Vitamin D status in children with intractable epilepsy, and impact of the ketogenic diet.

Summary: Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe vitamin D status in children with intractable epilepsy prescribed newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before initiation of and during 15-month treatment with the ketogenic diet (KD). Methods: Serum vitamin D (25-OHD and 1,25-OHD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed in prepubertal children with intractable epilepsy before initiation of and during KD therapy. Three-day weighed dietary records including KD and vitamin and mineral supplementation were obtained at baseline and at 1 month. Results: Forty-five children (aged 5.1 ± 2.7 years) were enrolled. Before KD therapy, 4% had deficient and 51% had insufficient serum 25-OHD levels. Vitamin D intake was less than recommended in 47%. Adequate vitamin D intake, fewer AEDs, and generalized seizures were associated with higher serum 25OHD levels (p < 0.01). After 3 months on the KD, 25-OHD levels increased (p < 0.001), and PTH declined (p < 0.001). Over the next 12-month period, 25-OHD levels steadily declined (p < 0.001), and PTH did not significantly change. Conclusions: Children with intractable epilepsy treated with newer AEDs had poor vitamin D status. Their status improved over the first 3 months of KD therapy with vitamin D supplementation and slowly declined thereafter. Key Words: Vitamin D—Parathyroid hormone—Calcium—Intractable epilepsy— Ketogenic diet—Children.
Relationship of Interest Measurement from the Copsystem Interest Inventory (Form P) and the Strong Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII): Construct Validation of Two Measures of Interest at the College Level

The 1969 revision of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) introducted to that instrument the concept of homogeneously keyed scales presenting 23 Basic Interest scales, and the 1974 revision,...
Public relations manager involvement in strategic issue diagnosis

Abstract This pilot study seeks to build theoretical understanding of how public relations practitioner involvement in one type of strategic organizational decision making—strategic issue diagnosis—is related to shared values with top management, diagnosis accuracy, strategy pursued, and power of the public relations function. Strategic issue diagnosis (SID) is the process decision makers use to understand environmental issues and events. Findings of this exploratory study suggest that the number of perceived shared values is positively and directly related to active sense-making strategies (SID), and negatively related to encroachment, the assignment of top positions in public relations departments to individuals without training or experience in public relations. Active SID, in turn, is positively related to accurate issue diagnosis and strategic change. Strategic change is negatively related to encroachment.
The optical spectrum of 5145 Pholus

A 2.4-m telescope and a CCD spectrograph have been used to measure the optical reflectance spectrum of the 5145 Pholus outer solar system object in the 4400-9600 A range, with 10 A/pixel dispersion. No emission lines were detected, and a reflectance slope value intermediate between two previously reported slopes is obtained. This steep red slope is indicative of organic surface material, prompting the suggestion that the object is of primitive composition and at either the initial or terminal state of its thermal evolution.
ISSUES AFFECTING MEASUREMENT OF THE COMPLEX MODULUS OF ASPHALT CONCRETE

This paper addresses issues of machine compliance and instrumentation that affect the measurement of asphalt concrete material properties in the laboratory. Accurate determination of fundamental material properties is becoming increasingly important as the asphalt industry moves toward more mechanistic design procedures. This issue is particularly timely for the simple performance test and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 2002 design guide that require the measurement of dynamic modulus, phase angle, and creep. The primary objective of this paper is to increase the awareness of the possible existence of these issues in the laboratory and the importance of attending to them appropriately. Machine compliance was found to affect the strains actually occurring in the specimen under various loading conditions, resulting in differences of several magnitudes between dynamic modulus values measured by the actuator and by surface-mounted deformation transducers. Instrumentation issues resulted in errors greater than 10% in the measurement of dynamic modulus for the mixtures studied and caused irrational trends in phase angle values as a function of frequency. Creep compliance testing was also found to be affected by instrumentation issues.
Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) : A key player in T cell life and death

Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) is a member of the novel, Ca2+-independent PKC subfamily, which plays an important and non-redundant role in several aspects of T cell biology. Much progress has been accomplished in understanding the function of PKCθ in the immune system and its unique translocation to the immunological synapse in Ag-stimulated T lymphocytes. Biochemical and genetic approaches revealed that PKCθ is required for the activation of mature T cells as well as for their survival. Mutation of the PKCθ gene leads to impaired receptor-induced stimulation of the transcription factors AP-1, NF-κB and NFAT, which results in defective T cell activation, and to aberrant expression of apoptosis-related proteins, resulting in poor T cell survival. Furthermore, PKCθ-deficient mice display defects in the differentiation of T helper subsets, particularly in Th2- and Th17-mediated inflammatory responses. Therefore, PKCθ is a critical enzyme that regulates T cell function at multiple stages, and it represents an attractive drug target for allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Two-pion-exchange model for π+N→N *+π and the second π-N resonance

For the lower-energy π+N→N*+π reaction, it is shown that the exchange of two-pion system (or the system of evenG parity) with isotopic spin 2 and angular momentum 0 might become important. It is also shown that, if this is actually the case, then the reaction occurs predominantly from theT=1/2,d3/2 state of the initial πN system. Therefore, in connection with the problem of the second πN resonance, the above possibility is very interesting. Some possible experimental tests of this possibility are suggested.
Autosomal dominant transmission of congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal respiratory distress, and ataxia caused by a mutation of NKX2-1.

Abstract Objective To study the NKX2-1 gene in two half-siblings with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on state screen, prolonged neonatal respiratory distress despite term gestations, and persistent ataxia, dysarthria, and developmental delay. Study design We amplified and sequenced DNA samples from blood or buccal swab for subjects and their unaffected siblings. Results The same mutation that prevents splicing together of exons 2 and 3 of the NKX2-1 gene was present in the affected siblings, their mother, and maternal grandmother but not in their unaffected siblings. The mutation was present in the heterozygous form, thus explaining the disease phenotype. Conclusions Autosomal dominant transmission of mutations of NKX2-1 may cause congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal respiratory distress at term, and persistent neurologic findings such as ataxia, choreoathetosis, and dysarthria in families with affected subjects in multiple generations.
Modeling Diffusivity Through Alginate-Based Microfibers: A Comparison of Numerical and Analytical Models Based on Empirical Spectrophotometric Data

Abstract: The study of mass transport across hollow and solid 3D microfibers to study metabolic profiles is a key aspect of tissue engineering approach. A new modified numerical mathematical model based on Fickian equations in cylindrical coordinates has been proposed for determining the membrane diffusivity of 2% (w/v) alginate-based stents cross-linked with 10% CaCl 2 . Based on the economical and direct spectrophotometric measurements, using this model, inward diffusivities ranging from 5.2x10 -14 m 2 /s 2.93x10 -12 m 2 /s were computed for solutes with Stokes radii ranging between 0.36 to 3.5 nm, diffusing through bare alginate and alginate-chitosan-alginate microfibers. In parallel an analytical solution to the cylindrical Fickian equation was derived to validate the numerical solution using experimental diffusion data from a solid stent. Excellent agreement was found between the numerical and analytical models with a maximum calculated residual value of 4%. Using these models, a flexible computational platform is proposed to conduct custom diffusion and MW cut-off characterization across micro-porous microfibers not limited to alginate in composition.
Software reuse in an industrial setting: a case study

A summary of an ongoing case study of software reuse being carried out by the authors in cooperation with Sperry Marine Incorporated is presented. The goals of the study are to analyze the problems that limit reuse and to seek solutions suitable for industrial application. To help determine its suitability for use within Sperry Marine, an experimental evaluation of object-oriented development was performed that focused on a specific subsystem domain found in several of Sperry Marine's commercial software products. A reuse library populated with classes written in C++ was prepared, and from this library simple versions of two representative subsystems were built. Measurement of the resulting software showed a very high level of reuse. >
The network modeling tool: a design aid for large-scale campus networks

A description is given of the network modeling tool (NetMod), which uses simple analytical models to provide the designers of large interconnected local area networks with an in-depth understanding of the potential performance of these systems. This tool will be useful in either a university, industrial, or governmental campus networking environment with thousands of computer sites. NetMod is implemented in easy-to-use Macintosh software packages, such as Microsoft Excel and HyperCard; a PC version of the tool will also be made available. The objectives of the tool, the analytical models, and its user interface are described in detail, along with its application to an actual campuswide network. >
TESTOSTERONE IN NORTHERN CARDINALS (CARDINALIS CARDINALIS): POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF PROLONGED TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR

Abstract Two attributes of many temperate passerine species are short-term territoriality and strongly fluctuating annual testosterone (T) profiles. Circulating T of temperate passerines can vary from undetectable levels in the nonbreeding season to higher, but fluctuating, levels during the breeding season. Males of many temperate species respond to territorial instability during the breeding season with transitory increases in T. In females, the hormonal response to aggression is more complex. Most temperate-zone passerine species that have been studied exhibit territoriality for less than three months. Here, I describe the year-round T profile of male and female Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis), a temperate-zone species with prolonged territorial behavior (7+ months). Circulating levels of T in female Northern Cardinals is relatively stable. Males show variation in T levels over the year and they may respond to territorial intrusions with increases in T. Of particular interest are the relativ...
Automated Classification of Macrophage Membrane Integrity using a Fluorescent Live/Dead Stain

The analysis of cell function comprises an examination of gene expression, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. In order to measure these parameters in single cells a means for signal transduction and amplification is required. Fluorescent molecules have been demonstrated to provide a powerful tool for this detection need when performing living cell analysis. The development of an image analysis tool is the first step in automating multi-parameter cell function analysis where the objective is to ascertain cell membrane integrity and by extension, to obtain an estimate of cell health. A live/dead fluorescent stain was used to make this distinction. Two image analysis algorithms were implemented from the literature and one new method was developed. Three methods were tried: threshold segmentation, matched filtering, and an original method named morphological subtraction. The threshold technique produced the greatest overall accuracy in reducing spurious counts, closely followed by the morphological subtraction and then the matched filter. However, the original morphological subtraction method may be more appropriate in single cell studies because it overestimates live cells, aiding in the identification of unsuitable data.
Scalable and modular algorithms for floating-point matrix multiplication on FPGAs

Summary form only given. The abundant hardware resources on current FPGAs provide new opportunities to improve the performance of hardware implementations of scientific computations. We propose two FPGA-based algorithms for floating-point matrix multiplication, a fundamental kernel in a number of scientific applications. We analyze the design tradeoffs in implementing this kernel on FPGAs. Our algorithms employ a linear array architecture with a small control logic. This architecture effectively utilizes the hardware resources on the entire FPGA and reduces the routing complexity. The processing elements (PEs) used in our algorithms are modular so that floating-point units can be easily embedded into them. In our designs, the floating-point units are optimized to maximize the number of PEs integrated on the FPGA as well as the clock speed. Experimental results show that our algorithms achieve high clock speeds and provide good scalability. Our algorithms achieve superior sustained floating-point performance compared with existing FPGA-based implementations and state-of-the-art processors.
Gas phase UV absorption spectra for peracetic acid, and for acetic acid monomers and dimers

Abstract Absorption cross sections have been determined in the UV spectral region (205–350 nm) for gas phase acetic acid (CH 3 C(O)OH) in its monomeric and dimeric forms (270–345 K), as well as for peracetic acid (CH 3 C(O)OOH, 248 and 298 K). Analysis of acetic acid spectra recorded over a range of pressures (0.12–3.6 Torr), coupled with a prior knowledge of the dimerization equilibrium constant, allowed for the deconvolution of the monomer and dimer absorption spectra. The 298 K monomer spectrum consists of a maximum near 207 nm ( σ =1.4×10 −19 cm 2 per molecule), with monotonically decreasing cross sections at longer wavelengths. The dimer spectrum possesses a maximum located short of 205 nm, with a peak intensity about double that of the monomer. The first gas phase spectrum of peracetic acid is also reported, which is similar to a previously published solution-phase spectrum. Measurable absorption extends to 340 nm at 298 K, and it is determined that the tropospheric photolysis of this species will be a reasonably rapid process (lifetime ≈ weeks), which will play at least a minor role in its atmospheric destruction.
An Investment in Goodwill Party Contributions and Party Unity Among U.S. House Members in the 1980s

Despite the growing importance of political parties as campaign service providers and as organizational forces in the U.S. House, few have explored the linkages between party campaign activities in House elections and partisan behavior within the House. In this article, we explore the possibility that financial contributions by party committees during the election cycle might motivate House members to support the party line more often after the election. Examining data on all Democrats and Republicans successfully reelected to the House during the 1980s, we find evidence that those who received larger shares of their campaign receipts from party sources showed greater-than-expected levels of party unity during the session of Congress immediately following the election.
Effect of post-PECVD photo-assisted anneal on multicrystalline silicon solar cells

Silicon nitride (SiN/sub x/) films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) contain large amount of atomic hydrogen which can be driven into bulk silicon by post-PECVD anneal. The objective of this paper is to understand and quantify the effects of the anneal on multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. Detailed cell analysis and model calculations are performed to assess the impact of the anneal on mc-Si cells. Simple n/sup +/-p-p/sup +/ solar cells with PECVD SiN/sub x//SiO/sub 2/ antireflection (AR) coating are annealed in the temperature range of 350/spl deg/C to 700/spl deg/C. The efficiency of the cells made on EFG silicon increases by 45% due to the AR coating and then additional 25% due to the anneal. A trade off between short and long wavelength response is found during the anneal. Low temperature anneal increases the short wavelength response, while high temperature anneal improves the long wavelength response at the expense of the short wavelength response. It is shown that the increase in short wavelength response is due to improved surface passivation, and the decrease in short wavelength response after high temperature anneals is the result of the increase in short wavelength absorption in the SiN/sub x/ film. Higher quality HEM silicon cells do not show appreciable increase in the long wavelength response at higher anneal temperatures. Thus post-PECVD low temperature anneal helps all mc-Si cells, but the effect of high temperature anneal is material specific. Cells made from materials which do not respond to hydrogenation can degrade at high temperature anneal.
Organization and Financing of Innovation, and the Choice between Corporate and Independent Venture Capital

This paper examines the impact of competition on the optimal organization and financing structures in innovation-intensive industries. We show that as an optimal response to competition, firms may choose external organization structures established in collaboration with specialized start-ups where they provide start-up financing from their own resources. As the intensity of the competition to innovate increases, firms move from internal to external organization of projects to increase the speed of product innovation and to obtain a competitive advantage with respect to rival firms in their industry. We also show that as the level of competition increases, firms provide a higher level of financing for externally organized projects in the form of corporate venture capital (CVC). Our results help explain the emergence of organization and financing arrangements such as CVC and strategic alliances, where large established firms organize their projects in collaboration with external specialized firms and provide financing for externally organized projects from their own internal resources.
Birth Order and Intellectual Performance in East Africa

The generalizability of birth order effects found by Zajonc and Markus was investigated for a sample of 1400 high school students in rural, sub-Saharan Africa. For three intellectual test scores, performance declined as a function of birth order. Variations from monotonicity included a reversal of the performance of ranks I and 2, markedly superior performance of birth ranks 1-3 over lower ranks, and very poor scores for those at ranks 7 and lower. Family size was unrelated to test score performance. The variations were tentatively attributed to sociocultural factors that may have affected the quality of the intellectual environment for this sample.
INTRODUCTION: PREPARING ANTHROPOLOGISTS FOR THE 21st CENTURY

With its sustained emphasis on creating, implementing, and maintaining positive impacts on issues of local, national, and global importance, applied anthropology continues to be a crucial and relevant field of study. Its practitioners demonstrate their engagement in multifarious ways both in and outside the academy, showcasing their commitment not only to the tenets of academic rigor, but also to challenges shaped by real-world situations. This unique volume of 14 articles by 16 academics and practitioners provides specific advice to students on both the tangible benefits and potential disadvantages of careers in applied anthropology in the national and international arenas. Contributors offer practical, step-by-step advice on practicing anthropology with an M.A. degree, careers in national and international consultancy, small consulting business development, executive leadership, combining careers in applied anthropology and the academy, field school training, collaborative research and public engagement, applied anthropology in nonanthropological settings, among others. Although most draw on their personal life histories and careers as illustrations, their focus is on reflection, analysis, and recommendations that result from their experiences. The contributors to this volume stress the contemporary relevance of anthropology, the advantages of obtaining training in anthropology, and the plethora of opportunities to put anthropology to use in the real world with exceptional results.
Shyness and informal help-seeking behavior.

Summary The present study examined whether shy individuals are more reluctant to seek help than less shy individuals. A sample of 48 undergraduates (46% men, M age = 20.6 yr.) were selected from a pool of 72 students based on their relatively high or low scores on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. They were then exposed to a situation involving an impossible task, on which they had the option of seeking assistance. Analysis indicated that participants scoring high on Shyness took significantly more time to seek help than participants scoring low. This result suggests that even when help is readily available, shy individuals may refrain from seeking it. Presumably, shy people may be reluctant to seek help because that often requires them to initiate a social interaction.
Amino acid utilization by marine phytoplankton: A novel mechanism

An enzyme on the cell surface of some marine phytoplankton, particularly the genus Pleurochrysis (ffyrnenomonas), oxidizes many L-amino acids to produce H,O,, NH,, and an ol-keto acid extracellularly. The NH,+ is subsequently taken up and used for growth. The enzyme synthesized by Pleurochrysis carterue (clone CoccoII) has a half-saturation constant of 0.25 PM assayed with L-W aminobutyric acid as a model substrate. The enzyme activity is absent in NH,+-grown (logarithmic phase) cells, is present in NO,--grown (logarithmic phase) cells, and is enhanced 3.S-fold in -N-limited cells. Some Heurochrysis species show different patterns of regulation, The existence of .this novel, high-affinity mechanism for amino acid utilization-one that would not be detected by typical field methods-suggests that amino acids may be a more important source of N for phytoplankton than is currently believed.
Modulation of language processing in schizophrenia: effects of context and haloperidol on the event-related potential.

Abstract Background: Disturbances in language associations were among the first clinical symptoms reported for individuals described as schizophrenic (Bleuler 1911/1950) . Currently, associative language disturbance is a diagnostic feature of schizophrenia (American Psychiatric Association 1994) ; however, the mechanisms that produce this symptom remain unknown. In the present study, two candidate psychological functions were examined: sensitivity to semantic context and expectancy (attention). Methods: Visual event-related potentials were recorded during a lexical decision task in which semantic relationship and expectancy (relatedness proportions) were varied. Semantic priming processes were compared between 34 male normal control subjects tested once and 37 male schizophrenic inpatients evaluated during their participation in a double-blind haloperidol maintenance therapy and placebo replacement protocol. Results: Schizophrenic patients failed to discriminate between associated and unassociated words, as measured by the amplitude of the N400 component (i.e., absence of the N400 priming effect); however, the overall mean amplitude of N400 did not differ between patients and control subjects. In addition, patients and control subjects did not differ significantly in the amplitude of N400 elicited to associated words or to unassociated words. Finally, the effect of expectancy-based processing on the magnitude of the N400 priming effect did not differ between patients and control subjects. Conclusions: On the basis of these findings, a tentative hypothesis is suggested that schizophrenic patients are characterized by a pattern of indiscriminate or random spread of activation in their semantic network during the processing of single-word semantic contexts.
mTOR Activation Is Required for the Antidepressant Effects of mGluR2/3 Blockade

Recent studies demonstrate that ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant, rapidly activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increases synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex. Because of the side-effect and abuse potential of ketamine we are investigating alternative agents that produce similar effects. Here, we demonstrate that a single dose of LY 341495, an mGluR₂/₃ antagonist, produces ketamine-like biochemical and behavioural actions. LY 341495 administration rapidly (1 h) activates the mTOR pathway (mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1) and subsequently (24 h later) increases levels of synaptic proteins (PSD-95, GluR1 and Synapsin I), similar to the effects of ketamine. Finally, the antidepressant effects of LY 341495 in the rat forced swim test are completely blocked by the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. The results indicate that the antidepressant actions of LY 341495 are mediated by activation of mTOR and suggest that this and other mGluR₂/₃ antagonists could produce rapid antidepressant effects in depressed patients.
Planar Nearly Ideal Edge-Termination Technique for GaN Devices

In this letter, a simple edge termination is described which can be used to achieve nearly ideal parallel-plane breakdown voltage for GaN devices. This technique involves implanting a neutral species on the edges of devices to form a high-resistive amorphous layer. With this termination, formed by using argon implantation, the breakdown voltage of GaN Schottky barrier diodes was increased from 300 V for unterminated diodes to 1650 V after termination.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Suppression of Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthase and S14 Gene Expression Does Not Require Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α *

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induce hepatic peroxisomal and microsomal fatty acid oxidation and suppress lipogenic gene expression. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) has been implicated as a mediator of fatty acid effects on gene transcription. This report uses the PPARalpha-deficient mouse to examine the role of PPARalpha in the PUFA regulation of mRNAs encoding hepatic lipogenic (fatty acid synthase (FAS) and the S14 protein (S14)), microsomal (cytochrome P450 4A2 (CYP4A2)), and peroxisomal (acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX)) enzymes. PUFA ingestion induced mRNAAOX (2.3-fold) and mRNACYP4A2 (8-fold) and suppressed mRNAFAS and mRNAS14 by >/=80% in wild type mice. In PPARalpha-deficient mice, PUFA did not induce mRNAAOX or mRNACYP4A2, indicating a requirement for PPARalpha in the PUFA-mediated induction of these enzymes. However, PUFA still suppressed mRNAFAS and mRNAS14 in the PPARalpha-deficient mice. Studies in rats provided additional support for the differential regulation of lipogenic and peroxisomal enzymes by PUFA. These studies provide evidence for two distinct pathways for PUFA control of hepatic lipid metabolism. One requires PPARalpha and is involved in regulating peroxisomal and microsomal enzymes. The other pathway does not require PPARalpha and is involved in the PUFA-mediated suppression of lipogenic gene expression.
Bone Mineral Content in Postmenopausal Vegetarians and Omnivores

There is evidence that the consumption of diets containing large amounts of animal protein is associated with low bone mineral content (BMC). Mazess and Mather (1974, 1975) observed that in Eskimos, whose diets consisted chiefly of meat and provided about 200 g of animal protein per day, bone loss occurred earlier in life and was of greater magnitude than in Caucasians in the U.S.A. An explanation for these observations is based on findings that the higher content of sulfur-containing amino acids in animal as compared to plant proteins results in a greater production of metabolic acid (Halperin and Jungas, 1983; Breslau et al.,1988) and higher net excretion of urinary acid. This increased acid load is buffered by calcium which in individuals with marginal or negative calcium balance is made available by the dissolution of bone (Allen et al., 1979; Schuette et al., 1980; Bushinsky, 1989). Because foods that have a high protein content also tend to be high in phosphorus, the calciuretic effect of a diet high in protein may be ameliorated by the concomitant presence of phosphorus. There is evidence that increased phosporus intake depresses serum calcium levels and stimulates the synthesis of parathyroid hormone which leads to increased reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules (Yuen et al., 1984).
A Stochastic Programming Approach for Multi-Period Portfolio Optimization

presented in this paper. The basic model involves Multi-Period decisions (portfolio optimization) and deals with the usual uncertainty of investment returns and future liabilities. Therefore, is it well suited to a stochastic programming approach. We consider the problem of rebalancing policy to accomplish some investment’s criteria. Transaction costs have also been a subject of concern in this paper. In particular, a large amount of transactions usually make asset price move in an unfavorable direction. Therefore, the first problem neglects transactions cost while the second does not.
King‐Devick Test reference values and associations with balance measures in high school American football players

The King-Devick test appears to be a promising tool in screening for concussions. However, limited evidence exists on the baseline associations between the K-D test and age and baseline screening tools used after concussion. Additionally, there are no published reference values for the K-D test in high school football players. The K-D test, the Balance Error Scoring System, and the Limits of Stability (LOS) test were administered to 157 high school football players. Additionally, a subsample of 62 participants completed the test twice to examine the reliability of K-D test. There was no relationship between the K-D test and the BESS, or the reaction time and directional control of LOS test. Students aged between 16 and 18 years demonstrated faster K-D test performance compared to students between 13 and 15 years of age. However, there was no association between K-D test and history of concussion. The reliability of the K-D test was (ICC2,1 = 0.89), and the minimal detectable change was 6.10 s. Normative reference values for high school football players are presented in this study.
Group 12 complexes of 2,6-bis([(2-pyridinylmethyl)thio]methyl)pyridine: Synthesis and characterization by X-ray crystallography and proton NMR

Abstract New complexes [ZnL](ClO4)2 (1), [CdL(ClO4)]ClO4 (2) and [HgL](ClO4)2 (3) (L = 2,6-bis([(2-pyridinylmethyl)thio]methyl)pyridine) were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography and variable temperature 1H NMR. The ligand had an extended planar conformation when crystallized in pure form and a pentadentate corkscrew conformation with the terminal pyridyl nitrogen on either side of the plane formed by the other three donor atoms in the complexes. Nearly symmetric 1 and symmetric 3 had well separated perchlorates. In contrast, 2 had one bidentate perchlorate leading to a N3O2S2 metal coordination sphere. Although rapid intermolecular exchange is common for Group 12 metal ion complexes of simple ligands, in dilute CD3CN solution slow intermolecular exchange conditions on the δHH, JCdH and JHgH time scales were found for 1, 2 and 3, respectively, at 20 °C and intramolecular reorganization of bound L approached the slow exchange limit under cryogenic conditions.
Environmental controls on pyrocumulus and pyrocumulonimbus initiation and development

Abstract. In this paper we present the first direct observational evidence that the condensation level in pyrocumulus and pyrocumulonimbus clouds can be significantly higher than the ambient lifted condensation level. In addition, we show that the environmental thermodynamic profile, day-to-day variations in humidity, and ambient wind shear all exert significant influence over the onset and development of pyroconvective clouds. These findings are established using a scanning Doppler lidar and mobile radiosonde system during two large wildfires in northern California, the Bald Fire and the Rocky Fire. The lidar is used to distinguish liquid water from smoke backscatter during the plume rise, and thus provides a direct detection of plume condensations levels. Plume tops are subsequently determined from both the lidar and nearby radar observations. The radiosonde data, obtained adjacent to the fires, contextualize the lidar and radar observations, and enable estimates of the plume ascent, convective available potential energy, and equilibrium level. A noteworthy finding is that in these cases, the convective condensation level, not the lifted condensation level, provides the best estimate of the pyrocumulus initiation height.
A FAVAR Analysis of the Canadian Dollar: How Important Are Macroeconomic Fundamentals?

Present-value models of the exchange rate imply that exchange-rate movements are driven by unexpected changes in macroeconomic fundamentals. This paper studies whether these models can offer a good description of monthly changes in the Canadian/US dollar exchange rate. In order to better identify unexpected changes in fundamentals, several Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression (FAVAR) models are specified and compared to traditional VAR models. In addition, factor analysis is also used to obtain a better proxy for the fundamentals. The results indicate that factor-augmented models can help obtain impulse-response functions that are significant and consistent with theoretical exchange-rate models.
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: A Brief History of a Century of Epidemiologic Discovery

During its first century, the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health has been home to several faculty members who have played leading roles in defining and expanding the field and science of epidemiology. They have done so by training leaders in the field, creating new methods and applications, and making relevant discoveries in the worlds of infectious and chronic diseases. These methodologic innovations and discoveries underlie many of today's major health policies and practices.
Pristane in the marine environment

1. Methods are described for the sensitive determination of pristane and similar hydrocarbons in individual planktonic organisms and for the isolation of pristane from copepod oil. 2. Pristane (2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecane) occurs in unusually high concentrations (1–3% of the body lipid) inCalanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, andC. hyperboreus, and at lower concentrations in a wide range of planktonic animals from the Gulf of Maine and continental slope waters. 3. A predator,Paraeuchaeta norvegica, contains pristane at an intermediate level between that ofCalanus and the other herbivores, probably as a result of feeding onCalanus. 4. On the basis of relative abundance and structural similarity, phytol is suggested as the precursor of pristane in herbivorous zooplankton. 5. Pristane content is unaltered or increased during the metabolism of the major deposit lipids ofCalanus hyperboreus during starvation in the laboratory or in nature. Because of its low density, pristane may contribute to the bouyancy ofCalanus, especially when the other lipids are metabolized. 6. Pristane may prove useful as a biochemical integrator for the total assimilation of phytoplankton byCalanus. 7. Some planktonic organisms may be characterized by the presence of specific compounds, e. g. pristane inCalanus and several unknown compounds inRhincalanus. 8. Specific products of organisms of limited geographical occurence may prove useful as biochemical tags of water masses.
Resistance to Insect Penetration of Carbaryl-Coated Kraft Bags

Small single-wall bags made from kraft paper coated with carbaryl alone or combined with sesamex were exposed for 18 months to heavy populations of stored-product insects to determine the effectiveness of the coating in preventing insect penetration of the coated bags. All bags were filled with flour. Carbaryl deposits of 6.04 and 10.77 mg per m2 and the standard coating containing 0.47 mg per m2 of pyrethrins and 4.73 mg per m2 of piperonyl but oxide prevented insect penetration for 18 months. Carbaryl alone at about 1 mg per m2, sesamex alone at about 10 mg per m2, combinations of the two, and Celite 209 all failed to protect the bags from penetration.
Changes in the age structure of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann populations in Rangoon, Burma after intensive larviciding.

After highly effective larviciding measures were applied to Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann populations in Rangoon, Burma, adult populations were found to be older than in nearby uncontrolled areas. The increase in average age of adults is attributed primarily to a higher daily survival rate in the controlled area and secondarily to the movement of older mosquitoes from uncontrolled areas to the controlled area.
Research on real-time control of the load simulator

A load simulator can be used for simulating the hinge torque on the rudder axle of the aircraft during the flight.It is one of the important simulation devices,and the real-time control software is one of the key factors affecting the performance of the load simulator.Constitution and working principle of the load simulator was briefly introduced.The Windows+RTX method was used to realize high-precision clock requirement of the real-time control software;the system structure and control flow chart of the software were presented.The actual measurement results show that the various performances of the load simulator meet the design requirements.It is proven that the design method of the real-time control software is correct.