cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Better: Technical Support for Construction

Increasing complexity of many constructed facilities and escalating demands for project performance are driving significant changes in design and construction. Increased project integration and technical support of construction operations provide a promising response to these demands. This paper identifies and describes nine critical activities to increase technical support for construction: integrate early planning; plan for regulatory compliance; consider construction methods and sequences in design; tailor and time technical information to users' needs; provide materials to support effective construction; identify and provide construction-applied resources; create an environment for safe, productive, and high quality work; technically support efficient construction operations and completion; and transfer experience between projects. The paper's relevance to industry practitioners includes multiple benefits of completing these activities for firms, projects, and professionals, along with the necessary steps to develop this capability and gain these benefits. Educators and researchers can use the activities to structure course topics related to technical fundamentals of construction and integration with design, along with future investigations of construction process knowledge.
Application of Peanut Hulls as Filler for Plastics

Composite materials consisting of peanut hulls and polylactic acid (PLA) resin were developed by a compression molding method. The density, water absorption properties and flexural properties of the composite materials were evaluated. The density of the composite materials was lower than the theoretical density, which was calculated by the peanut hull density, PLA resin density and peanut hull weight content because these materials have many voids. The saturated water absorption rate and mass diffusivity increased with the increase in peanut hull weight content. Especially, the saturated water absorption rate and mass diffusivity of the composite material with a peanut hull weight content of 75% were approximately 15 times and 2.4 times higher, respectively, than those of PLA resin. As a result of 3-point flexural tests, the flexural modulus of the composite materials improved as the peanut hull weight content increased up to 50%. At the peanut hull weight content greater than 25%, the flexural strength degraded as the peanut hull weight content increased. Furthermore, the cost performance of the composite materials based on flexural rigidity, material cost and thickness was discussed.
An elastic-plastic finite element analysis of crack initiation, stable crack growth, and instability

Studies have been conducted to develop efficient techniques to simulate crack extension and to examine various local and global fracture criteria. Of the considered criteria, the crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) or displacement (CTOD) at a specified distance from the crack tip was shown to be most suited for modeling stable crack growth and instability during the fracture process. The results obtained in a number of studies show the necessity for studying different crack configurations when assessing the validity of any fracture criteria. One of the objectives of the present investigation is related to a critical evaluation of the CTOD growth criterion using an elastic-plastic finite element analysis under monotonic loading to failure. The analysis was found to predict three stages of crack growth behavior under monotonic loading to failure. Calculated CTOD values agreed well with experimental values for crack growth initiation.
Low complexity distributed bandwidth allocation for resilient packet ring networks

The resilient packet ring (RPR), defined under IEEE 802.17, has been proposed as a high-speed backbone technology for metropolitan area networks. RPR is introduced to mitigate the underutilization and unfairness problems associated, respectively, with the current SONET and Ethernet technologies. The key performance objectives of RPR are to achieve high bandwidth utilization, optimum spatial reuse on the dual rings, and fairness. The challenge is to design an algorithm that can react dynamically to the traffic in achieving these objectives. Previous attempts have critical limitations, such as oscillation of the allocated bandwidth or high computational complexity. We propose the low complexity distributed bandwidth allocation (LCDBA) algorithm to allocate bandwidth fairly to RPR nodes with a very low computational complexity, O(1). It converges to the exact max-min fairness in a few round trip times with no oscillation at the steady state.
Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by Thiobacilli

It has been previously demonstrated that the chemoautotroph and facultative anaerobe, Thiobacillus denitrificans, may be cultured aerobically or anaerobically in batch and continuous reactors on H(2)S(g) under sulfide-limiting conditions. A process has been proposed for the removal of H(2)S from gases based on oxidation of H(2)S by T. denitrificans. Described here is a study of H(2)S oxidation by other Thiobacilli, the purpose of which has been to determine whether other Thiobacilli offer any advantages over T. denitrificans in the aerobic oxidation of H(2)S. Although four other species of Thiobacillus were found to grow on H(2)S as an energy source, none offer a clear advantage over T. denitrificans.
An Experimental Report on Correlated-Photon Ellipsometry

Traditional ellipsometric measurements are limited in their accuracy because of the use of an external reference sample for calibration, and because of the noise inherent in the source at low light levels. We demonstrate that these limitations can be circumvented by using a non-classical source of light, namely, twin photons generated by the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion, in conjunction with a novel polarization interferometer and coincidence-counting detection scheme. The twin-photon nature of the source is a unique feature of our scheme. We are guaranteed, on the detection of a photon in one of the arms of the setup, that its twin will be in the other. We present experimental results showing how the technique operates.
Vindicating Anthony Downs

Positive turnout rates in the United States and elsewhere are widely considered “an embarrassing limitation of the economic approach to politics” because, for any one voter, “the costs of casting a ballot in any large election are almost always greater than the potential benefits, which are dependent on the unlikely occurrence of casting the winning or tie vote in an election” ( Knack 1992 , 133). Green and Shapiro ( 1994 ), whose scathing critique of the rational choice field centers on the work of Anthony Downs ( 1957 ), trenchantly put it: “Rational choice theorists have trotted out an astonishing variety of conjectures about the costs and benefits of voting, in the process generating an enormous literature, possibly larger in terms of academic citations and sheer bibliographic length than any other rational choice literature in American politics” (47–48), yet they still have no answer as to why people vote when, according to their arguments, reason says they ought not. Grofman ( 1993 ), paraphrasing Morris Fiorina, has referred to the failure of rational choice theory to explain turnout as the “paradox that ate rational choice.” We are indebted to Clover Behrend-Gethard for bibliographic assistance.
Developmental Chlorpyrifos and Methyl Parathion Exposure Alters Radial-Arm Maze Performance in Juvenile and Adult Rats

Although the use of organophosphate (OP) insecticides has been restricted, sufficient exposure can occur to induce detrimental neurobehavioral effects. In this study, we measured physical and reflex development and spatial learning and memory in rats repeatedly exposed to incremental doses of chlorpyrifos (CPS) and methyl parathion (MPS) from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND21. Other than decreased body weight in the higher dosage groups, no effects on physical or reflex development were observed. Significant hippocampal cholinesterase inhibition was induced in all treatment groups for up to 19 days following exposure. Beginning on PND36, working and reference memory was tested using a 12-arm radial maze, with subject animals trained and tested 4 days a week for 4 weeks. In males, working memory was decreased with the medium and high dosage of MPS but only the high dosage of CPS; while in females, no deficits were observed. For reference memory, errors were significantly increased in males exposed to the high dosage of CPS and all dosages of MPS. In females, enhanced performance was observed within the medium and high dosages of CPS but not with MPS. These data show that repeated developmental exposure to OP insecticides can induce sex-selective alterations and long-lasting changes in spatial learning and memory formation when measured using a radial arm maze and that MPS and CPS induce different neurobehavioral outcomes.
Fatty acids of dermatophytes

The cellular fatty acids (C11–C20) from 18 species and strains within the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton were determined by gas liquid chromatography. In addition, the effects of incubation time and temperature on fatty acid composition were investigated in selected species. The dermatophytes investigated represented anthropophilic, geophilic, and zoophilic species. Linoleic (18:2), oleic (18:1), and palmitic acid (16:0), accounted for 83·6–94·5% of the fatty acids of dermatophytes. Fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation did not show any correlations with taxonomic status or ecological group. Incubation time influenced fatty acid composition slightly, but tendencies towards unsaturation and chain elongation were not observed. Elevated incubation temperature (37°C) tended to increase the degree of total fatty acid unsaturation.
Neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results and followup.

AbstractThe long-term results of regional chemotherapy plus intra-arterial cisplatin with or without doxorubicin as an adjuvant before cystectomy and urinary diversion in patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were evaluated. A total of 27 patients with T3aNxMo (8), TSbNxMo (14) and T4NxMo (5) disease participated in a phase II trial completed in 1985. Of the patients 19 received cisplatin and doxorubicin intra-arterially, and cyclophosphamide intravenously, and the remaining 8 received 70 to 100mg. per m.2 cisplatin intra-arterially. A total of 19 patients underwent cystectomy after chemotherapy. Patients in this group had a pathological complete response (no evidence of disease after surgical restaging) or the presence of residual disease at operation that could (surgical complete response) or could not (pathological partial response) be completely resected. Of the 19 patients undergoing cystectomy surgical complete response was observed in 47.4%, pathological complete respons...
Length scales and pinning of interfaces.

The pinning of interfaces and free discontinuities by defects and heterogeneities plays an important role in a variety of phenomena, including grain growth, martensitic phase transitions, ferroelectricity, dislocations and fracture. We explore the role of length scale on the pinning of interfaces and show that the width of the interface relative to the length scale of the heterogeneity can have a profound effect on the pinning behaviour, and ultimately on hysteresis. When the heterogeneity is large, the pinning is strong and can lead to stick–slip behaviour as predicted by various models in the literature. However, when the heterogeneity is small, we find that the interface may not be pinned in a significant manner. This shows that a potential route to making materials with low hysteresis is to introduce heterogeneities at a length scale that is small compared with the width of the phase boundary. Finally, the intermediate setting where the length scale of the heterogeneity is comparable to that of the interface width is characterized by complex interactions, thereby giving rise to a non-monotone relationship between the relative heterogeneity size and the critical depinning stress.
Studies on induction of virus from adenovirus and SV40 hamster tumors 2. "Helper" viruses.

SummaryCell culture lines of virus-free hamster tumors which were initiated by ade-novirus 7 (Pinckney and Grider) or by adenovirus 18 and which synthesized “T” antigen were tested exhaustively for release of infectious adenovirus following addition of candidate “helper” viruses including SV40 respiratory syncytial virus and reovirus type 1. Attempts to detect adenovirus were by copropagation with susceptible indicator cells and by subculture of supernatant fluid or of disrupted cells in a sensitive assay cell system. In no case was infectious adenovirus recovered. The data permit speculation that the adenovirus genetic material retained in the tumor cells which was sufficient to code for “T” antigen might have been too highly integrated in the cell or might have been insufficient in amount to produce infectious virus. Alternatively, the “helper” viruses chosen might not have been appropriate to demonstrate the effect. Whatever the factors involved, it appeared quite clear that SV40, RS and reovirus 1 age...
Winter foraging and diet composition of Northern Shrikes in Idaho

We observed color-banded and/or radio-tagged Northern Shrikes (Lanius excubitor) wintering in southwest Idaho and determined that foraging success of these shrikes was over 69%. Foraging success was dependent upon the type of prey attacked. Predation success upon arthropods was greater than 90%, whereas predation upon vertebrates (small mammals and passerines) was substantially lower (56% and 19%, respectively). We collected 237 pellets from 12 shrikes and identified 671 individual prey items contained in these pellets. Arthropods and small mammals were the most important prey items as measured by number (63.9% and 29.8%, respectively) and Index of Relative Importance (38.9% and 59.6%, respectively), whereas small mammals were the most important components of shrike diet by biomass contributing 83.1% of the total prey biomass. Passerines were of lesser importance in the winter diet of shrikes accounting for 11.8% of the biomass but only 1.7% of the Index of Relative Importance.
Psychology's Contribution to the Well-Being of Older Americans

In concert with 6 decennial White House Conferences on Aging, psychologists have considered how developments in psychological science can contribute to the well-being of older Americans. We suggest 5 illustrative areas of psychological research: Advances in neuroscience elucidate ways to promote healthy cognitive aging; associated developments in neuropsychological assessment can help in protecting older Americans with cognitive losses from financial exploitation, abuse, and neglect. Psychological research on decision making and behavioral economics has much to offer to planning for retirement security and reducing vulnerability to financial abuse. Psychological research on self-management and behavior change can contribute importantly to enhancing good health behaviors among older adults; similarly the power of context on behavior can be harnessed in long-term care settings. Psychological research on attitudes and stereotypes gives insight into age bias that can be detrimental to healthy aging. Adaptive technologies and information technologies are beginning to transform assessment in research and clinical settings; technology also holds the promise of improving long-term support for older adults in both institutional and community-based settings. Finally, with 1 in 7 Americans now ages 65 and older, compared with 1 in 11 50 years ago, the psychology workforce-including health services providers and faculty to train those providers-is insufficient to meet the challenge of the aging population. (PsycINFO Database Record
Analysis of existing problems of petroleum security in China and their countermeasures

China has become the second biggest oil consumption country.But restricted by domestic petroleum resource,our output of petroleum is not self-sufficient,and the contradiction between supply and demand has become obvious increasingly.Petroleum security faces many problems.On the basis of analyzing the status and the existing problems of resources supply and demand,the authors give some suggestions:Strengthening the exploration of domestic petroleum and gas resources;implementing the strategy of multidimensional petroleum import route;establishing the system of trinitarian petroleum reserve strategy;bringing the going abroad strategy into effect;exploiting alternative energies effectively and etc.
Determination of Phenol and Hydroquinone in Cosmetics by Gas Chromatography

[Objective]To propose a feasible method for determination of phenol and hydroquinone in cosmetics with gas chromatography (GC) FID detector and SE-54 capillary column.[Methods]After ethyl alcohol extraction,the sample was separated by GC FID detector.[Results]The detectable concentration of phenol and hydroquinone by this method was 0.17 and 061μg/g,respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.58 and 2.02 μg/g,respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) was 2.01% ~ 2.25%,the recoveries of phenol and hydroquinone were 95.3%~101.4%,and 97.2%~103.6%,respectively.[Conclusion]The method is sensitive,with satisfactory precision and accuracy,which is suitable for determination of phenol and hydroquinone in cosmetics.
Purification and some characteristics of an alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone reductase from dog erythrocytes and human liver.

An enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones by NADPH has been purified from dog erythrocytes and human liver. The enzyme was relatively stable at low temperatures but rapidly inactivated above 50°. The pH optimum was broad with a range of 5.5-7.5. Among the possible substrates tested most, but not all, unsaturated ketones were attacked by the enzyme; none of the saturated aldehydes and ketones were attacked, however, nor were any of the unsaturated compounds which lacked a keto group. Michaelis constants for active substrates were in the vicinity of 10-4 M. Approximately one molecule of NADPH was oxidized for each molecule of unsaturated ketone reduced. The activity of the enzyme was decreased by the sulfhydryl inhibitors p-chloromercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The enzyme has been differentiated from a variety of other enzymes including methemoglobin reductase, glutathione reductase, aldehyde-ketone reductase, aromatic α-keto acid reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and fatty acid synthetase, but not from an enzyme previously described as crotonyl CoA reductase.
Comparative Social Behavior

Evolutionary forces of selfishness, reciprocity, and kin selection can bring groups of animals together. This chapter includes cooperation in birds and invertebrates starting with aggregated nesting in swallows. In swallows, a distinct monogamous pair maintains each nest and the aggregation results from widespread attraction of birds to (limited) good nesting sites, as well as possible benefits from shared vigilance against predators. Sociable weavers and acorn woodpeckers both nest cooperatively, with shared nest construction and maintenance and, particularly in acorn woodpeckers, cooperative rearing of nestlings. In invertebrates, there are numerous examples of eusociality. They include gall-occupying plant feeders, shrimp, termites, ants, wasps, and bees. Invertebrate eusocial societies typically feature division of labor in colonies that makes the social group ecologically efficient. Division of labor contributes much to the dominant ecological roles of these animals. Reproductive differences between queens and workers are maintained, highlighting evolutionary implications of worker reproductive suppression. Eusocial invertebrates hold substantial resources in their nest and become targets for predation. This has stimulated novel and highly effective defensive strategies. Stinging, biting, and chemical defenses are all present in eusocial invertebrates. The breadth of ecological roles and behavioral adaptations in eusocial animals correlates with their ecological dominance.
Molecular Targets in Gastric Cancer and Apoptosis

Gastric cancer remains one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide. With current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches the prognosis of gastric cancer is very poor. Similar to other solid cancers, gastric cancer is a complex disease resulting from combinatorial interactions among diverse factors including environmental, host-genetic and molecular mechanisms. Gastric cancers arise in part because of disruption cell death mechanisms including apoptosis contributing to cell expansion. This review provides an update (current up to April 6, 2008) on pathogenesis focusing on the specific abnormalities in gastric cancer genomes, conventional therapy approaches, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of expression regulation, apoptotic pathways in gastric cancer and new emerging or potential therapeutic approaches focused around molecularly defined gastric cancers.
A minmax regret price control model for managing perishable products with uncertain parameters

Abstract Conventional revenue management assumes that demand parameters used in the models are known. The control policy derived based on such a premise, however, guarantees no optimality as the real parameters can significantly deviate from their estimates. This article proposes a robust price-control model for managing perishable products. It attempts to find a policy that minimizes the worst-case regret due to imperfect information. Distribution of each uncertain parameter is assumed arbitrary, with only the lower and upper bound available. We formulate the dynamic price control problem as a continuous-time model. Under fairly mild conditions, we derive the optimality condition for the control policy and develop a recursive procedure for the optimal solution. Our analysis shows that the proposed minmax regret price-control model is equivalent to conventional RM models when demand parameters are deterministic. We examine structural properties of the solution and managerial insights they imply. Numerical results show that the proposed robust model outperforms the conventional RM model when parameters are unknown. In particular, it significantly reduces the variation in revenues without sacrificing the average revenue.
Memory-Efficient Parallel Simulation of Electron Beam Dynamics Using GPUs

Accurate simulation of collective effects in electron beams is one of the most challenging and computationally intractable problems in accelerator physics. More recently, researchers have developed a GPU-accelerated, high-fidelity simulation of electron beam dynamics that models the collective effects much more accurately. The simulation, however, is heavily data-intensive and memory-bound. In particular, data-dependent, irregular memory access patterns and control-flow in the collective effects computation phase of the simulation leads to a large number of non-coalesced memory accesses on the GPU. This significantly deteriorates the overall performance. Moreover, the parallel simulation exhibits poor data locality. This, together with non-coalesced memory accesses, leads to ineffective use of the memory hierarchy. We present a novel cache-aware algorithm that uses a locality heuristic to maximize data reuse by improving data locality. Additionally, the algorithm uses a control-flow heuristic to balance the workload among threads. The control-flow heuristic also minimizes threads divergence and enables reuse of partial results of previous iterations and thereby reducing the overall operation count. Experimental results on NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU shows that our approach delivers up to 450 Gflops of double precision performance, which translates to a speedup of up to 16X compared with the current state-of-the-art GPU implementation.
Aspirational Design and Messy Democracy: Partisanship, Policy, and Hope in an Asian City

Recent research in CSCW, urban informatics, and sociotechnical systems has proposed new framings and emphases of the city as a locus of research on computing and called for a heightened focus on the entanglements of social policy and design. Yet there are relatively few empirical investigations of actual policy-design entanglements in specific cities, and of those available, non-Western cities are underrepresented. We report an empirical study of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Expo (TIFE) as a case to explore these urban informatics/social computing issues. Specifically, we offer an empirically grounded analysis of design as a mechanism of public futuring and debates, which contributes to a better understanding of "participatory urbanship" [6]; and we do so focusing on a non-Western city, both to ensure a broader representation of urban ways of life and also to de-center Western experiences as the primary basis of urban informatics theory in CSCW.
Structure and energetics of pairwise interactions between proteasome subunits RPN2, RPN13, and ubiquitin clarify a substrate recruitment mechanism

The 26S proteasome is a large cellular assembly that mediates the selective degradation of proteins in the nucleus and cytosol and is an established target for anticancer therapeutics. Protein substrates are typically targeted to the proteasome through modification with a polyubiquitin chain, which can be recognized by several proteasome-associated ubiquitin receptors. One of these receptors, RPN13/ADRM1, is recruited to the proteasome through direct interaction with the large scaffolding protein RPN2 within the 19S regulatory particle. To better understand the interactions between RPN13, RPN2, and ubiquitin, we used human proteins to map the RPN13-binding epitope to the C-terminal 14 residues of RPN2, which, like ubiquitin, binds the N-terminal pleckstrin-like receptor of ubiquitin (PRU) domain of RPN13. We also report the crystal structures of the RPN13 PRU domain in complex with peptides corresponding to the RPN2 C terminus and ubiquitin. Through mutational analysis, we validated the RPN2-binding interface revealed by our structures and quantified binding interactions with surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence polarization. In contrast to a previous report, we find that RPN13 binds ubiquitin with an affinity similar to that of other proteasome-associated ubiquitin receptors and that RPN2, ubiquitin, and the deubiquitylase UCH37 bind to RPN13 with independent energetics. These findings provide a detailed characterization of interactions that are important for proteasome function, indicate ubiquitin affinities that are consistent with the role of RPN13 as a proteasomal ubiquitin receptor, and have major implications for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
Association Between Inflammatory Skin Disease and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Co-Morbidities in US Adults: Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample Data

Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or eczema (AD-E), pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid (BP), and hidradenitis are chronic inflammatory skin disorders associated with systemic immune activation, considerable symptom burden, stigma, functional disturbances, and mental health symptoms. All of these might increase cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether these inflammatory skin diseases are associated with increased cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk and/or disease. We analyzed data from the 2002–2012 National Inpatient Sample, including a representative 20% sample of all US hospitalizations (n = 72,108,077 adults). In multivariate logistic regression models with propensity score matching, patients hospitalized with versus without a diagnosis the inflammatory skin diseases examined had higher odds of obesity (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for pemphigus: 1.16 [1.05–1.29]; BP 1.14 [1.06–1.23]; AD-E: 1.82 [1.79–1.86]; psoriasis: 2.36 [2.32–2.41]; hidradenitis: 2.79 [2.59–3.01]). Inflammatory skin disease was also associated with significantly higher odds of different cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension (pemphigus: 1.39 [1.31–1.48]; BP 1.96 [1.88–2.05]; AD-E: 1.19 [1.17–1.21]; psoriasis: 1.61 [1.59–1.64]), and diabetes mellitus with complications (pemphigus: 1.34 [1.18–1.52]; BP: 2.06 [1.90–2.24]; AD-E: 1.13 [1.10–1.17]; psoriasis: 1.39 [1.35–1.44]), as well as vascular, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease, including peripheral vascular disease (pemphigus: 1.14 [1.00–1.30]; BP: 1.83 [1.69–1.98]; AD-E: 1.18 [1.14–1.22]; psoriasis: 1.32 [1.28–1.35]), peripheral and visceral atherosclerosis (BP: 1.67 [1.53–1.81]; AD-E: 1.16 [1.12–1.20]; psoriasis: 1.27 [1.24–1.30]), pulmonary circulation disorders (pemphigus: 1.67 [1.39–2.01]; BP: 2.17 [1.92–2.45]; AD-E: 1.39 [1.33–1.45]; psoriasis: 1.37 [1.31–1.43]), congestive heart failure (pemphigus: 1.75 [1.60–1.90]; BP: 2.82 [2.68–2.98]; AD-E: 1.10 [1.07–1.13]; psoriasis: 1.05 [1.02–1.07]), history of transient ischemic attack (pemphigus: 1.36 [1.14–1.62]; BP: 2.03 [1.83–2.26]; AD-E: 1.19 [1.15–1.23]; psoriasis: 1.31 [1.26–1.36]), and cerebrovascular disease. In stratified analyses, multiple inflammatory skin diseases were associated with significantly higher rates of obesity, hypertension, and/or diabetes in patients aged <50 years and females. Psoriasis, pemphigus, BP, AD-E, and hidradenitis were all associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk, especially at younger age.
Examining the relationship between higher educational attainment, trauma symptoms, and internalizing behaviors in child sexual abuse survivors

The trauma symptoms of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors don't end with the abuse, or even with the advent of adulthood. Instead, these symptoms can persist into all the realms of a survivor's life, including education, which sets the foundation for career advancement. This retrospective study of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (n=260) examined the relationships between trauma symptoms, dissociation, dissociative amnesia, anxiety, depression, sleep problems and higher education attainment. The purpose of this study was to determine if these factors are associated with higher education completion for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. Linear regressions and ANOVAs suggest that many of these variables are significantly associated with survivors' educational trajectory, and multiple linear regressions show that trauma symptoms (as measured by the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40), caregivers' education levels, and age at onset of abuse are significant predictors of decreased education levels. This information can provide insight into additional risk and protective factors for CSA survivors in order to enhance acute and long-term management of trauma symptoms to increase levels ofattainment of higher education.
Modern description of Rayleigh's criterion

A comprehensive Fisher information analysis is put forward to understand and achieve the limits in imaging resolution. It is shown that for any incoherence sources, a 1D or 2D image can be precisely estimated up to its second moment.
The Anatomy of Bold Followership

This chapter offers practical insights on how to operationalize the theories outlined in the book. It begins by describing the four forms of boldness that every follower will need to confront as they serve. In a similar vein, the eight biblical temperaments of a truth-teller are discussed. Such a dialog will empower the reader with five real-world ways to engage a toxic organization. The chapter concludes by offering the reader an opportunity to understand their own boardroom boldness language and a plausible answer is given to the research question of the book.
Phosphorous dendrimer bound polyethyleneimine as solid sorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture

Abstract High capacity solid amine sorbents for CO2 adsorption were prepared via a cross-linking reaction between polyaldehyde phosphorous dendrimers and polyethyleneimines (PEIs). The best performing sorbent achieves an average CO2 capacity of 13.1 wt% through 350 cycles of adsorption/desorption over 700 contiguous hours from simulated flue gas conditions (CO2, O2, H2O, and N2). The adsorption operates with relatively high capacities and rapid kinetics between 25 and 85 °C, reaching 90% capacity within the first 10 min of exposure at 65 °C. The capture of CO2 in the presence of common acid gas contaminants (SO2, NO, and NO2) and from sour gas (10,000 ppm H2S) was also demonstrated. The heat of adsorption and other physical properties (e.g. surface area, pore volume, and SEM) were measured and disclosed.
Penning Traps, Masses and Antiprotons

Penning traps are an important new tool for mass spectroscopy, aided by an invariance theorem which facilitates precise mass spectroscopy in an imperfect trap. The motions of particles in a Penning trap are discussed and the features which make it very attractive to do mass spectroscopy in a trap are illustrated. Careful attention is paid to the motivations and prospects for a measurement of the inertial mass of the antiproton. Prospects for such a measurement are now excellent since our TRAP Collaboration actually captured antiprotons in a Penning trap only 2 months ago. An overview of ways to cool particles within the trap is provided and brief speculations upon the possibility of producing antihydrogen in a trap are included.
Pubertal Changes in Adolescence

Research in the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth of adolescents is increasing. This is particularly gratifying because the quantity and quality of research has been less directed toward adolescents in the past than to any other age group. High death rates of infants, significant mortality and morbidity during childhood from infectious disease, and concerns related to prematurity were the highest priorities in child health research. Now contagious diseases of children have decreased and in general are preventable, and remarkable methods of caring for premature infants have been developed, particularly during the last two decades. The decade of the 1960s, with its disruption of values, experimentation with drugs, increased sexual freedom, rising pregnancy in adolescents, and greater violence and criminal action by juveniles, brought attention to the fact that adolescents exist, that they are a significant population group, and that they do have problems. Thus adults have become interested in the psychosocial aspects of adolescence and adolescents. Secular changes of physical growth have brought more rapid maturing of adolescents and earlier pubertal changes which in general have not been accompanied by earlier attainment of adult cognitive functioning. Another reason adolescent research is needed is the fact that more handicapped children are living to become adolescents and adults, and this in itself has pointed out deficits in our knowledge related to puberty as affected by handicapping conditions or the cognitive and/or psychosocial growth of an individual experiencing a handicapped adolescence.
A Virtual Reconstruction of a Virtual Exhibit

The traveling exhibit “Para Alem da Terceira Dimensao”, now touring a number of Portuguese cities, was the result of an international cooperation between two mathematicians in the United States and a team of mathematicians and Computer Professionals in Portugal. Inspired by the virtual art gallery “Surfaces Beyond the Third Dimension”, itself based on a physical exhibit originally staged by the Providence Art Club in 1996, this updated version includes new images, new movies, new languages, and a new layout. We describe here the process, and some of the difficulties, of putting together such a project.
An Integrated Approach to Plan the Design Verification and Validation Activities for the New Product Reliability Improvement

Complex engineering system development causes various challenges in terms of meeting new product development cost, release time, and product performance goals, along with different sources of uncertainty in the development process. Most of the new product development processes have been experiencing challenges to meet these goals within an increasingly competitive global market environment. Despite decades of industrial experience, it is found that designing and developing increasingly complex products, e.g., aerospace products, still incurs significant cost overrun, schedule delays, and quality issues during design stages. In addition, the reliability of the new product has always been a matter of concern for new product developers and it has been a challenge to balance the development cost and time while increasing product reliability.
The effects of neighborhood service providers on general and technical parole violation reincarcerations

Although the literature has examined the effects of neighborhood structural characteristics on parolee recidivism, the influence of potentially important neighborhood organizations (e.g., service p...
Enhancing Student Learning by “Building a Caring Climate”: School Counselors’ Experiences With Classroom Management:

To address a gap in the literature and inform school counseling practice, this investigation explored school counselors’ experiences with classroom management. A qualitative thematic analysis trian...
Resistance Theories: Exploring the Politics of Oppositional Behavior.

Special educators have historically used psychological theories to explain students? disruptive and oppositional behavior. Sociological research and theories have played a secondary or even nonexistent role. The sociology of education tradition within general education has developed an extensive literature examining student misbehavior. This article presents the resistance theories, one strain of the critical sociology of education. Given the preponderance of students of lower social class and minority group status within special education, these theories offer insightful and useful ways for special educators to understand the political nature of oppositional behavior. These theories provide suitable ways of interpreting the underlying political tensions that reside behind behavior and guidance for teachers who want to develop the school as a community enacting the social ethics of democracy.
“We are looking forward to another great year!”: How principals’ language-in-use reflect school quality ratings in Chicago Public Schools

Abstract Chicago Public Schools (CPS) has been a laboratory for privatization and school choice through a neoliberal market model put in place in the 1990s. Every year, the District rates schools based on the School Quality Rating Policy (SQRP), and those results are made public through the CPS data portal and other media outlets. Using the method and theory of critical discourse analysis ( Gee, 2011 , 2014 ), I analyzed the principals’ discourse of the CPS-run high schools rated 1+ in the 2017–2018 school year. Specifically, I illustrate how the language principals use on their school websites’ welcome messages is used to further neoliberal initiatives through business-classified discourses, reproduction of the SQRP language, and school positioning statements which classify the schools in the school choice hierarchy.
Molecular Insights into Calcium Dependent Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels

Ryanodine receptor calcium release channels (RyRs) play central roles in controlling intracellular calcium concentrations in excitable and non-excitable cells. RyRs are located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum, intracellular Ca2+ storage compartment, and release Ca2+ during cellular action potentials or in response to other cellular stimuli. Mammalian cells express three structurally related isoforms of RyR. RyR1 and RyR2 are the major RyR isoforms in skeletal and cardiac muscle, respectively, and RyR3 is expressed in various tissues along with the other two isoforms. A prominent feature of RyRs is that the Ca2+ release channel activities of RyRs are regulated by calcium ions; therefore, intracellular Ca2+ release controls positive- and negative-feedback phenomena through the RyRs. RyR channel activities are also regulated by Ca2+ indirectly, i.e. through Ca2+ binding proteins at both cytosolic and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum luminal sides. Here, I summarize Ca2+-dependent feedback regulation of RyRs including recent progress in the structure/function aspects.
To Bundle or Not to Bundle? The Financial Impact of Pathologic Hip Disease on Hip Arthroplasty Episodes of Care.

Abstract Background The Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model aims to support more efficient care for patients. We examined the impact of patient and surgical characteristics, post-acute care, and clinical outcomes on episode of care (EOC) costs in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for all diagnoses. Methods We retrospectively collected data from a large database of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for oncologic and nononcologic diagnoses between 2014 and 2017. We compared EOC costs and outcomes between the 2 groups using Student’s t-tests. We estimated the association between an oncologic-associated procedure and EOC costs from a multiple regression analysis. Results There were 2122 total patients included: 1993 in the nononcologic group and 129 in the oncologic group. The length of stay was significantly greater in the oncologic group (7.2 vs 4.2 days, P = .00). In the post-acute period, a greater proportion of oncologic patients was readmitted (29% vs 14%, P = .05) and discharged to skilled nursing (93% vs 51%, P = .00). Index hospitalization costs (mean difference [MD] $1561, P = .05), skilled nursing costs (MD $5932, P = .001), and total EOC costs (MD $20,012, P = .00) were all greater in the oncologic group. Along with increasing age and fracture diagnosis, an oncologic diagnosis is independently associated with greater EOC costs from a multivariate analysis (β = 16,163 ± 2258, P = .00, r2 = 29%). Conclusion Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement should incorporate risk adjustment for oncologic disease because hip arthroplasty for an oncologic diagnosis is associated with worse outcomes and greater costs than in the general population.
Reported Trends in Suicidality in Children 10 and Younger

As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015, a child aged 5 to 14 years dies by suicide nearly once per day in the United States. However, suicidality in children ages 10 ...
Negative memory biases in health and psychiatric disorders

Abstract Selective memory is often adaptive and healthy, but not always; negative memory biases (NMBs) are found in several psychiatric conditions and may aid in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. In this chapter, we explore NMBs in psychiatric conditions and in health by reviewing and summarizing extant knowledge in the field. The chapter surveys influential theories, methods for examining NMBs, physiological concomitants of the biases, and similarities and differences between healthy and clinical populations. We close by describing limitations and future directions for research. Increased understanding of NMBs may improve interventions for people with debilitating psychopathologies.
Endothelin-converting enzyme 2

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of endothelin-converting enzyme 2 (ECE-2). Cattle ECE-2 cDNA encodes a 787-amino acid peptide. It is a type II integral membrane protein with a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a transmembrane domain and a large extracellular C-terminal domain. The extracellular region includes the putative catalytic domain that contains the zinc-binding motif. ECE-2 has 10 sites in the extracellular domain predicted to be N-glycosylated. Its highly glycosylated nature, like that of ECE-1, is evident from immunoblot analysis, which shows that ECE-2 is expressed as an approximately 130 kDa protein. The predicted molecular mass based on amino acid content alone is 89 kDa. ECE-1, neprilysin and human Kell group protein show significant sequence similarity to ECE-2. The amino acid sequence of ECE-2 is most similar to that of ECE-1, with an overall identity of 59%. The sequence similarity is especially high within the C-terminal one-third of the putative extracellular domain. Within this region, the identities of ECE-2 with ECE-1, neprilysin and Kell are 71, 44 and 40%, respectively. Characterization of the mRNA for human ECE-2 shows that there are two splice variants and the gene is localized to chromosome 3q28–q29.
Targeting PIs to improve PTs:a new approach to treating genetic diseases of the proximal tubule.

Defective recycling of megalin consequent to impaired phosphatidylinositol metabolism has been implicated as a mechanism causing tubular proteinuria in patients with Lowe syndrome. In this issue, Berquez et al. describe an innovative approach using a clinically approved drug to "rebalance" phosphatidylinositols and restore megalin traffic in mouse and cell models of the disease.
Atrio-ventricular synchronous pacing with a single chamber leadless pacemaker: Programming and trouble shooting for common clinical scenarios

Micra leadless pacemaker has progressed from a single chamber pacemaker that can deliver VVIR pacing to a pacing device that can provide atrio-ventricular (AV) synchrony via a unique pacing algorithm that relies on identifying mechanical atrial contraction. This novel algorithm has its own limitations and intricacies. In this paper, we review this algorithm, suggest steps for troubleshooting and programming these devices and provide clinical examples of Micra AV cases that required changes in programming for adequate tracking of atrial activity.
Status of international monitoring and management of abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear and ghost fishing

Abstract Abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) can pose substantial ecological and socioeconomic problems. Over the past decade there has been increasing international recognition of the need for multilateral efforts to address transboundary problems resulting from ALDFG, including ghost fishing. To benchmark the status of international monitoring and mitigation of ALDFG and ghost fishing, an assessment was made of data collection protocols and management measures to prevent and remediate ALDFG and ghost fishing by 19 global and regional bodies and arrangements with the competence to establish binding controls for marine capture fisheries. Four organizations were explicitly mandated by their convention or agreement text to monitor and control ALDFG and ghost fishing. Modifying mandates of the other organizations might augment members' political will to monitor, prevent and remediate ALDFG and ghost fishing. Ten organizations collected logbook or observer data on ALDFG. Harmonizing data collection protocols where they are in place, and filling gaps where they are lacking, would improve regional monitoring of ALDFG. Twelve organizations have adopted binding measures that contribute to avoiding or remediating ALDFG. The organizations, however, make use of a small subset of available tools: Only half of 18 categories of methods identified as having the potential to prevent and remediate ALDFG and ghost fishing were used by the organizations. Organizations lacking relevant binding measures could begin to fill this gap and organizations can tap a broader suite of complimentary management methods.
Heterojunction bipolar transistors for high speed integrated circuits

The unique characteristics of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), their fabrication, state-of-the-art performance and applications are discussed. The future directions of HBT research and commercialization, including new material systems and advanced device structures, are addressed. HBTs are compared with other devices which operate in the GHz frequency range. These devices include bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors. A discussion of HBT materials is presented. >